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| author | Roger Frank <rfrank@pglaf.org> | 2025-10-15 05:15:30 -0700 |
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| committer | Roger Frank <rfrank@pglaf.org> | 2025-10-15 05:15:30 -0700 |
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diff --git a/666-0.txt b/666-0.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..599e109 --- /dev/null +++ b/666-0.txt @@ -0,0 +1,68458 @@ +*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 666 *** +Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary + +Version published 1913 + +by the C. & G. Merriam Co. +Springfield, Mass. +Under the direction of +Noah Porter, D.D., LL.D. + + + + + P. + +P (p), the sixteenth letter of the English alphabet, is a nonvocal +consonant whose form and value come from the Latin, into which language +the letter was brought, through the ancient Greek, from the Phúnician, +its probable origin being Egyptian. Etymologically P is most closely +related to b, f, and v; as hobble, hopple; father, paternal; recipient, +receive. See B, F, and M. + +See Guide to Pronunciation, ßß 247, 248, and 184- 195. + +Pa (p‰), n. A shortened form of Papa. + +Pa"age (p"j; 48), n. [OF. paage, paiage, F. pÈage, fr. (assumed) LL. +pedaticum, fr. L. pes, pedis, foot. See Pedage, Pedal.] (O. Eng. Law) A +toll for passage over another person's grounds. [Written also peage and +pedage.] Burke. + +||Paard (p‰rd), n. [D., a horse.] The zebra. [S. Africa] + +Paas (p‰s), n. Pace [Obs.] Chaucer + +Paas (ps), n. [D. paash. See Pasch.] The Easter festival. [Local, U. +S.] Bartlett. + +Paas egg. See Easter egg, under Easter. + +Pab"u*lar (?), a. [L. pabularis.] Of, pertaining to, or fit for, +pabulum or food; affording food. + +Pab`u*la"tion (?), n. [L. pabulatio, fr. pabulari to feed, fr. pabulum +food. See Pabulum.] + +1. The act of feeding, or providing food. [Obs.] Cockeram. + +2. Food; fodder; pabulum. [Obs.] + +Pab"u*lous (?), a. [L. pabulosus.] Affording pabulum, or food; +alimental. [R.] Sir T. Browne. + +Pab"u*lum (?), n. [L., akin to pascere to pasture. See Pastor.] The +means of nutriment to animals or plants; food; nourishment; hence, that +which feeds or sustains, as fuel for a fire; that upon which the mind +or soul is nourished; as, intellectual pabulum. + +Pac (?), n. A kind of moccasin, having the edges of the sole turned up +and sewed to the upper. Knight. + +Pa"ca (?), n. [Pg., from the native name.] (Zoˆl.) A small South +American rodent (Cúlogenys paca), having blackish brown fur, with four +parallel rows of white spots along its sides; the spotted cavy. It is +nearly allied to the agouti and the Guinea pig. + +Pa"ca*ble (?), a. [L. pacare to pacify.] Placable. [R.] Coleridge. + +Pa*cane" (?), n. (Bot.) A species of hickory. See Pecan. + +Pa"cate (?), a. [L. pacatus, p. p. of pacare to pacify, fr. pax, pacis, +peace. See Pay to requite, Peace.] Appeased; pacified; tranquil. [R.] + +Pa"ca*ted (?), a. Pacified; pacate. + +Pa*ca"tion (?), n. [L. pacatio.] The act of pacifying; a peacemaking. +Coleridge. + +Pace (?), n. [OE. pas, F. pas, from L. passus a step, pace, orig., a +stretching out of the feet in walking; cf. pandere, passum, to spread, +stretch; perh. akin to E. patent. Cf. Pas, Pass.] 1. A single movement +from one foot to the other in walking; a step. + +2. The length of a step in walking or marching, reckoned from the heel +of one foot to the heel of the other; -- used as a unit in measuring +distances; as, he advanced fifty paces. "The heigh of sixty pace ." +Chaucer. + +Ordinarily the pace is estimated at two and one half linear feet; but +in measuring distances be stepping, the pace is extended to three feet +(one yard) or to three and three tenths feet (one fifth of a rod). The +regulation marching pace in the English and United States armies is +thirty inches for quick time, and thirty-six inches for double time. +The Roman pace (passus) was from the heel of one foot to the heel of +the same foot when it next touched the ground, five Roman feet. + +3. Manner of stepping or moving; gait; walk; as, the walk, trot, +canter, gallop, and amble are paces of the horse; a swaggering pace; a +quick pace. Chaucer. + + To-morrow, and to-morrow, and to-morrow, Creeps in this petty pace + from day to day. + + +Shak. + + In the military schools of riding a variety of paces are taught. + + +Walsh. + +4. A slow gait; a footpace. [Obs.] Chucer. + +5. Specifically, a kind of fast amble; a rack. + +6. Any single movement, step, or procedure. [R.] + + The first pace necessary for his majesty to make is to fall into + confidence with Spain. + + +Sir W. Temple. + +7. (Arch.) A broad step or platform; any part of a floor slightly +raised above the rest, as around an altar, or at the upper end of a +hall. + +8. (Weaving) A device in a loom, to maintain tension on the warp in +pacing the web. + +Geometrical pace, the space from heel to heel between the spot where +one foot is set down and that where the same foot is again set down, +loosely estimated at five feet, or by some at four feet and two fifths. +See Roman pace in the Note under def. 2. [Obs.] -- To keep, or hold, +pace with, to keep up with; to go as fast as. "In intellect and +attainments he kept pace with his age." Southey. + +Pace (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Paced (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pacing (?).] +1. To go; to walk; specifically, to move with regular or measured +steps. "I paced on slowly." Pope. "With speed so pace." Shak. + +2. To proceed; to pass on. [Obs.] + + Or [ere] that I further in this tale pace. + + +Chaucer. + +3. To move quickly by lifting the legs on the same side together, as a +horse; to amble with rapidity; to rack. + +4. To pass away; to die. [Obs.] Chaucer. + +Pace, v. t. 1. To walk over with measured tread; to move slowly over or +upon; as, the guard paces his round. "Pacing light the velvet plain." +T. Warton. + +2. To measure by steps or paces; as, to pace a piece of ground. + +3. To develop, guide, or control the pace or paces of; to teach the +pace; to break in. + + If you can, pace your wisdom In that good path that I would wish it + go. + + +Shak + +To pace the web (Weaving), to wind up the cloth on the beam, +periodically, as it is woven, in a loom. + +Paced (?), a. Having, or trained in, [such] a pace or gait; trained; -- +used in composition; as, slow- paced; a thorough-paced villain. + +Pa"cer (?), n. One who, or that which, paces; especially, a horse that +paces. + +Pa*cha" (?), n. [F.] See Pasha. + +||Pa`cha*ca*mac" (?), n. A divinity worshiped by the ancient Peruvians +||as the creator of the universe. + +||Pa*chak" (?), n. (Bot.) The fragrant roots of the Saussurea Costus, +||exported from India to China, and used for burning as incense. It is +||supposed to be the costus of the ancients. [Written also putchuck.] + +Pa*cha"lic (?), a. & n. See Pashalic. + +||Pa*chi"si (?), Par*che"si (&?;), n. [Hind., fr. pachis twenty-five, +||the highest throw in the game.] A game, somewhat resembling +||backgammon, originating in India. + +Pa*chom"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. pa`chos thickness + -meter.] (Physics) An +instrument for measuring thickness, as of the glass of a mirror, or of +paper; a pachymeter. + +||Pa*chon"ta (?), n. (Bot.) A substance resembling gutta-percha, and +||used to adulterate it, obtained from the East Indian tree Isonandra +||acuminata. + +Pach"y- (?). [Gr. &?; thick.] A combining form meaning thick; as, +pachyderm, pachydactyl. + +Pach`y*car"pous (?), a. [Pachy- + Gr. &?; fruit.] (Bot.) Having the +pericarp thick. + +Pach`y*dac"tyl (?), n. [Pachy- + dactyl.] (Zoˆl.) A bird or other +animal having thick toes. + +Pach`y*dac"tyl*ous (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Having thick toes. + +Pach"y*derm (?), n. [Cf. F. pachyderme.] (Zoˆl.) One of the +Pachydermata. + +Pach`y*der"mal (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Of or relating to the pachyderms; as, +pachydermal dentition. + +||Pach`y*der"ma*ta (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; thick-skinned; pachy`s +||thick + &?; skin.] (Zoˆl.) A group of hoofed mammals distinguished +||for the thickness of their skins, including the elephant, +||hippopotamus, rhinoceros, tapir, horse, and hog. It is now considered +||an artificial group. + +Pach`y*der"ma*tous (?), a. 1. (Zoˆl.) Of or pertaining to the +pachyderms. + +2. Thick-skinned; not sensitive to ridicule. + +Pach`y*der"moid (?), a. [Pachyderm + -oid.] (Zoˆl.) Related to the +pachyderms. + +Pach`y*glos"sal (?), a. [Pachy- + Gr. &?; tongue.] (Zoˆl.) Having a +thick tongue; -- applied to a group of lizards (PachyglossÊ), including +the iguanas and agamas. + +Pach`y*men`in*gi"tis (?), n. [Pachy- + meningitis.] (Med.) +Inflammation of the dura mater or outer membrane of the brain. + +Pa*chym"e*ter (?), n. [Pachy- + -meter.] Same as Pachometer. + +Pach"y*ote (?), n. [Pachy- + Gr. &?;, &?;, ear.] (Zoˆl.) One of a +family of bats, including those which have thick external ears. + +Pac"i*fi`a*ble (?), a. Capable of being pacified or appeased; placable. + +Pa*cif"ic (?), a. [L. pacificus: cf. F. pacifique. See Pacify.] Of or +pertaining to peace; suited to make or restore peace; of a peaceful +character; not warlike; not quarrelsome; conciliatory; as, pacific +words or acts; a pacific nature or condition. + +Pacific Ocean, the ocean between America and Asia, so called by +Magellan, its first European navigator, on account of the exemption +from violent tempests which he enjoyed while sailing over it; -- called +also, simply, the Pacific, and, formerly, the South sea. + +Syn. -- Peacemaking; appeasing; conciliatory; tranquil; calm; quiet; +peaceful; reconciling; mild; gentle. + +Pa*cif"ic*a*ble (?), a. Placable. [R.] Bp. Hall. + +Pa*cif"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to peace; pacific. [R.] Sir H. +Wotton. -- Pa*cif"ic*al*ly, adv. [R.] + +Pa*cif`i*ca"tion (?), n. [L. pacificatio: cf. F. pacification. See +Pacify.] The act or process of pacifying, or of making peace between +parties at variance; reconciliation. "An embassy of pacification." +Bacon. + +Pa*cif"i*ca`tor (?), n. [L.] One who, or that which, pacifies; a +peacemaker. Bacon. + +Pa*cif"i*ca*to*ry (?), a. [L. pacificatorius.] Tending to make peace; +conciliatory. Barrow. + +Pac"i*fi`er (?), n. One who pacifies. + +Pac"i*fy (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pacified (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Pacifying (?).] [F. pacifier, L. pacificare; pax, pacis, peace + +-ficare (in comp.) to make. See Peace, and -fy.] To make to be at +peace; to appease; to calm; to still; to quiet; to allay the agitation, +excitement, or resentment of; to tranquillize; as, to pacify a man when +angry; to pacify pride, appetite, or importunity. "Pray ye, pacify +yourself." Shak. + + To pacify and settle those countries. + + +Bacon. + +Pa*cin"i*an (?), a. (Anat.) Of, pertaining to, or discovered by, +Filippo Pacini, an Italian physician of the 19th century. + +Pacinian corpuscles, small oval bodies terminating some of the minute +branches of the sensory nerves in the integument and other parts of the +body. They are supposed to be tactile organs. + +Pack (?), n. [Cf. Pact.] A pact. [Obs.] Daniel. + +Pack, n. [Akin to D. pak, G. pack, Dan. pakke, Sw. packa, Icel. pakki, +Gael. & Ir. pac, Arm. pak. Cf. Packet.] + +1. A bundle made up and prepared to be carried; especially, a bundle to +be carried on the back; a load for an animal; a bale, as of goods. +Piers Plowman. + +2. [Cf. Peck, n.] A number or quantity equal to the contents of a pack; +hence, a multitude; a burden. "A pack of sorrows." "A pack of +blessings." Shak. + +"In England, by a pack of meal is meant 280 lbs.; of wool, 240 lbs." +McElrath. + +3. A number or quantity of connected or similar things; as: (a) A full +set of playing cards; also, the assortment used in a particular game; +as, a euchre pack. (b) A number of hounds or dogs, hunting or kept +together. (c) A number of persons associated or leagued in a bad design +or practice; a gang; as, a pack of thieves or knaves. (d) A shook of +cask staves. (e) A bundle of sheet-iron plates for rolling +simultaneously. + +4. A large area of floating pieces of ice driven together more or less +closely. Kane. + +5. An envelope, or wrapping, of sheets used in hydropathic practice, +called dry pack, wet pack, cold pack, etc., according to the method of +treatment. + +6. [Prob. the same word; but cf. AS. p&?;can to deceive.] A loose, +lewd, or worthless person. See Baggage. [Obs.] Skelton. + +Pack animal, an animal, as a horse, mule, etc., employed in carrying +packs. -- Pack cloth, a coarse cloth, often duck, used in covering +packs or bales. -- Pack horse. See Pack animal (above). -- Pack ice. +See def. 4, above. -- Pack moth (Zoˆl.), a small moth (Anacampsis +sarcitella) which, in the larval state, is very destructive to wool and +woolen fabrics. -- Pack needle, a needle for sewing with pack thread. +Piers Plowman. -- Pack saddle, a saddle made for supporting the load on +a pack animal. Shak. -- Pack staff, a staff for supporting a pack; a +peddler's staff. -- Pack thread, strong thread or small twine used for +tying packs or parcels. -- Pack train (Mil.), a troop of pack animals. + +<! p. 1029 !> + +Pack (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Packed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Packing.] +[Akin to D. pakken, G. packen, Dan. pakke, Sw. packa, Icel. pakka. See +Pack, n.] 1. To make a pack of; to arrange closely and securely in a +pack; hence, to place and arrange compactly as in a pack; to press into +close order or narrow compass; as to pack goods in a box; to pack fish. + + Strange materials packed up with wonderful art. + + +Addison. + + Where . . . the bones Of all my buried ancestors are packed. + + +Shak. + +2. To fill in the manner of a pack, that is, compactly and securely, as +for transportation; hence, to fill closely or to repletion; to stow +away within; to cause to be full; to crowd into; as, to pack a trunk; +the play, or the audience, packs the theater. + +3. To sort and arrange (the cards) in a pack so as to secure the game +unfairly. + + And mighty dukes pack cards for half a crown. + + +Pope. + +4. Hence: To bring together or make up unfairly and fraudulently, in +order to secure a certain result; as, to pack a jury or a causes. + + The expected council was dwindling into . . . a packed assembly of + Italian bishops. + + +Atterbury. + +5. To contrive unfairly or fraudulently; to plot. [Obs.] + + He lost life . . . upon a nice point subtilely devised and packed + by his enemies. + + +Fuller. + +6. To load with a pack; hence, to load; to encumber; as, to pack a +horse. + + Our thighs packed with wax, our mouths with honey. + + +Shack. + +7. To cause to go; to send away with baggage or belongings; esp., to +send away peremptorily or suddenly; -- sometimes with off; as, to pack +a boy off to school. + + He . . . must not die + + + Till George be packed with post horse up to heaven. + + +Shak. + +8. To transport in a pack, or in the manner of a pack (i. e., on the +backs of men or beasts). [Western U.S.] + +9. (Hydropathy) To envelop in a wet or dry sheet, within numerous +coverings. See Pack, n., 5. + +10. (Mech.) To render impervious, as by filling or surrounding with +suitable material, or to fit or adjust so as to move without giving +passage to air, water, or steam; as, to pack a joint; to pack the +piston of a steam engine. + +Pack, v. i. 1. To make up packs, bales, or bundles; to stow articles +securely for transportation. + +2. To admit of stowage, or of making up for transportation or storage; +to become compressed or to settle together, so as to form a compact +mass; as, the goods pack conveniently; wet snow packs well. + +3. To gather in flocks or schools; as, the grouse or the perch begin to +pack. [Eng.] + +4. To depart in haste; -- generally with off or away. + + Poor Stella must pack off to town + + +Swift. + + You shall pack, And never more darken my doors again. + + +Tennyson. + +5. To unite in bad measures; to confederate for ill purposes; to join +in collusion. [Obs.] "Go pack with him." Shak. + +To send packing, to drive away; to send off roughly or in disgrace; to +dismiss unceremoniously. "The parliament . . . presently sent him +packing." South. + +Pack"age (?), n. 1. Act or process of packing. + +2. A bundle made up for transportation; a packet; a bale; a parcel; as, +a package of goods. + +3. A charge made for packing goods. + +4. A duty formerly charged in the port of London on goods imported or +exported by aliens, or by denizens who were the sons of aliens. + +Pack"er (?), n. A person whose business is to pack things; especially, +one who packs food for preservation; as, a pork packer. + +Pack"et (?), n. [F. paquet, dim. fr. LL. paccus, from the same source +as E. pack. See Pack.] + +1. A small pack or package; a little bundle or parcel; as, a packet of +letters. Shak. + +2. Originally, a vessel employed by government to convey dispatches or +mails; hence, a vessel employed in conveying dispatches, mails, +passengers, and goods, and having fixed days of sailing; a mail boat. + +Packet boat, ship, or vessel. See Packet, n., 2. -- Packet day, the day +for mailing letters to go by packet; or the sailing day. -- Packet note +or post. See under Paper. + +Pack"et, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Packeted; p. pr. & vb. n. Packeting.] 1. +To make up into a packet or bundle. + +2. To send in a packet or dispatch vessel. + + Her husband Was packeted to France. + + +Ford. + +Pack"et, v. i. To ply with a packet or dispatch boat. + +Pack"fong` (?), n. [Chin. peh tung.] (Metal.) A Chinese alloy of +nickel, zinc, and copper, resembling German silver. + +Pack herse. See under 2d Pack. + +Pack"house` (?), n. Warehouse for storing goods. + +Pack"ing, n. 1. The act or process of one who packs. + +2. Any material used to pack, fill up, or make close. Specifically +(Mach.): A substance or piece used to make a joint impervious; as: (a) +A thin layer, or sheet, of yielding or elastic material inserted +between the surfaces of a flange joint. (b) The substance in a stuffing +box, through which a piston rod slides. (c) A yielding ring, as of +metal, which surrounds a piston and maintains a tight fit, as inside a +cylinder, etc. + +3. (Masonry) Same as Filling. [Rare in the U. S.] + +4. A trick; collusion. [Obs.] Bale. + +Cherd packing (Bridge Building), the arrangement, side by side, of +several parts, as bars, diagonals, a post, etc., on a pin at the bottom +of a chord. Waddell. -- Packing box, a stuffing box. See under +Stuffing. -- Packing press, a powerful press for baling cotton, wool, +hay, etc. -- Packing ring. See Packing, 2 (c), and Illust. of Piston. +-- Packing sheet. (a) A large cloth for packing goods. (b) A sheet +prepared for packing hydropathic patients. + +Pack"man (?), n.; pl. Packmen (&?;). One who bears a pack; a peddler. + +{ Pack saddle, Pack thread }. See under 2d Pack. + +Pack"wax` (?), n. (Anat.) Same as Paxwax. + +Pack"way` (?), n. A path, as over mountains, followed by pack animals. + +{ Pa"co (?), Pa"cos (?), } n. [Sp. paco, fr. Peruv. paco. Cf. Alpaca.] + +1. (Zoˆl.) Same as Alpaca. + +2. [Peruv. paco, pacu, red, reddish, reddish ore containing silver; +perh. a different word.] (Min.) An earthy-looking ore, consisting of +brown oxide of iron with minute particles of native silver. Ure. + +Pact (?), n. [L. pactum, fr. paciscere to make a bargain or contract, +fr. pacere to settle, or agree upon; cf. pangere to fasten, Gr. &?;, +Skr. pca bond, and E. fang: cf. F. pacie. Cf. Peace, Fadge, v.] An +agreement; a league; a compact; a covenant. Bacon. + + The engagement and pact of society whish goes by the name of the + constitution. + + +Burke. + +Pac"tion (?), n. [L. pactio: cf. F. paction. See Pact.] An agreement; a +compact; a bargain. [R.] Sir W. Scott. + +Pac"tion*al (?), a. Of the nature of, or by means of, a paction. Bp. +Sanderson. + +Pac*ti"tious (?), a. [L. pactitius, pacticius.] Setted by a pact, or +agreement. [R.] Johnson. + +Pac*to"li*an (?), a. Pertaining to the Pactolus, a river in ancient +Lydia famous for its golden sands. + +Pa"cu (?), n. (Zoˆl.) A South American freah-water fish (Myleies pacu), +of the family CharacinidÊ. It is highly esteemed as food. + +Pad (?), n. [D. pad. √21. See Path.] 1. A footpath; a road. [Obs. +or Prov. Eng.] + +2. An easy-paced horse; a padnag. Addison + + An abbot on an ambling pad. + + +Tennyson. + +3. A robber that infests the road on foot; a highwayman; -- usually +called a footpad. Gay. Byron. + +4. The act of robbing on the highway. [Obs.] + +Pad, v. t. To travel upon foot; to tread. [Obs.] + + Padding the streets for half a crown. + + +Somerville. + +Pad, v. i. 1. To travel heavily or slowly. Bunyan. + +2. To rob on foot. [Obs.] Cotton Mather. + +3. To wear a path by walking. [Prov. Eng.] + +Pad, n. [Perh. akin to pod.] 1. A soft, or small, cushion; a mass of +anything soft; stuffing. + +2. A kind of cushion for writing upon, or for blotting; esp., one +formed of many flat sheets of writing paper, or layers of blotting +paper; a block of paper. + +3. A cushion used as a saddle without a tree or frame. + +4. A stuffed guard or protection; esp., one worn on the legs of horses +to prevent bruising. + +5. (Zoˆl.) A cushionlike thickening of the skin one the under side of +the toes of animals. + +6. A floating leaf of a water lily or similar plant. + +7. (Med.) A soft bag or cushion to relieve pressure, support a part, +etc. + +8. (Naut.) A piece of timber fixed on a beam to fit the curve of the +deck. W. C. Russel. + +9. A measure for fish; as, sixty mackerel go to a pad; a basket of +soles. [Eng.] Simmonds. + +Pad cloth, a saddlecloth; a housing. -- Pad saddle. See def. 3, above. +-- Pad tree (Harness Making), a piece of wood or metal which gives +rigidity and shape to a harness pad. Knight. + +Pad, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Padded; p. pr. & vb. n. Padding.] 1. To stuff; +to furnish with a pad or padding. + +2. (Calico Printing) To imbue uniformly with a mordant; as, to pad +cloth. Ure. + +Pad"ar (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] Groats; coarse flour or meal. +[Obs.] Sir. H. Wotton. + +Pad"der (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, pads. + +2. A highwayman; a footpad. [Obs.] + +Pad"ding, n. 1. The act or process of making a pad or of inserting +stuffing. + +2. The material with which anything is padded. + +3. Material of inferior value, serving to extend a book, essay, etc. +London Sat. Rev. + +4. (Calico Printing) The uniform impregnation of cloth with a mordant. + +Pad"dle (?), v. i. [Prob. for pattle, and a dim. of pat, v.; cf. also +E. pad to tread, Prov. G. paddeln, padden, to walk with short steps, to +paddle, G. patschen to splash, dash, dabble, F. patouiller to dabble, +splash, fr. patte a paw. √21.] 1. To use the hands or fingers in +toying; to make caressing strokes. [Obs.] Shak. + +2. To dabble in water with hands or feet; to use a paddle, or something +which serves as a paddle, in swimming, in paddling a boat, etc. + + As the men were paddling for their lives. + + +L'Estrange. + + While paddling ducks the standing lake desire. + + +Gay. + +Pad"dle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Paddled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Paddling (?)] +1. To pat or stroke amorously, or gently. + + To be paddling palms and pinching fingers. + + +Shak. + +2. To propel with, or as with, a paddle or paddles. + +3. To pad; to tread upon; to trample. [Prov. Eng.] + +Pad"dle, n. [See Paddle, v. i.] 1. An implement with a broad blade, +which is used without a fixed fulcrum in propelling and steering canoes +and boats. + +2. The broad part of a paddle, with which the stroke is made; hence, +any short, broad blade, resembling that of a paddle. + + Thou shalt have a paddle upon thy weapon. + + +Deut. xxiii. 13. + +3. One of the broad boards, or floats, at the circumference of a water +wheel, or paddle wheel. + +4. A small gate in sluices or lock gates to admit or let off water; -- +also called clough. + +5. (Zoˆl.) A paddle-shaped foot, as of the sea turtle. + +6. A paddle-shaped implement for stirring or mixing. + +7. [In this sense prob. for older spaddle, a dim. of spade.] See Paddle +staff (b), below. [Prov. Eng.] + +Paddle beam (Shipbuilding), one of two large timbers supporting the +spring beam and paddle box of a steam vessel. -- Paddle board. See +Paddle, n., 3. -- Paddle box, the structure inclosing the upper part of +the paddle wheel of a steam vessel. -- Paddle shaft, the revolving +shaft which carries the paddle wheel of a steam vessel. -- Paddle +staff. (a) A staff tipped with a broad blade, used by mole catchers. +[Prov. Eng.] (b) A long-handled spade used to clean a plowshare; -- +called also plow staff. [Prov. Eng.] -- Paddle steamer, a steam vessel +propelled by paddle wheels, in distinction from a screw propeller. -- +Paddle wheel, the propelling wheel of a steam vessel, having paddles +(or floats) on its circumference, and revolving in a vertical plane +parallel to the vessel's length. + +Pad"dle*cock` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) The lumpfish. [Prov. Eng.] + +Pad"dle*fish` (?), n. (Zoˆl) A large ganoid fish (Polyodon spathula) +found in the rivers of the Mississippi Valley. It has a long +spatula-shaped snout. Called also duck-billed cat, and spoonbill +sturgeon. + +Pad"dler (?), n. One who, or that which, paddles. + +Pad"dle*wood` (?), n. (Bot.) The light elastic wood of the Aspidosperma +excelsum, a tree of Guiana having a fluted trunk readily split into +planks. + +Pad"dock (?), n. [OE. padde toad, frog + -ock; akin to D. pad, padde, +toad, Icel. & Sw. padda, Dan. padde.] (Zoˆl.) A toad or frog. Wyclif. +"Loathed paddocks." Spenser + +Paddock pipe (Bot.), a hollow-stemmed plant of the genus Equisetum, +especially E. limosum and the fruiting stems of E. arvense; -- called +also padow pipe and toad pipe. See Equisetum. -- Paddock stone. See +Toadstone. -- Paddock stool (Bot.),a toadstool. + +Pad"dock, n. [Corrupted fr. parrock. See Parrock.] + +1. A small inclosure or park for sporting. [Obs.] + +2. A small inclosure for pasture; esp., one adjoining a stable. Evelyn. +Cowper. + +Pad"dy (?), a. [Prov. E. paddy worm-eaten.] Low; mean; boorish; +vagabond. "Such pady persons." Digges (1585). "The paddy persons." +Motley. + +Pad"dy, n.; pl. Paddies (#). [Corrupted fr. St. Patrick, the tutelar +saint of Ireland.] A jocose or contemptuous name for an Irishman. + +Pad"dy, n. [Either fr. Canarese bhatta or Malay pd.] (Bot.) Unhusked +rice; -- commonly so called in the East Indies. + +Paddy bird. (Zoˆl.) See Java sparrow, under Java. + +Pad`e*li"on (?), n. [F. pas de lionon's foot.] (Bot.) A plant with +pedately lobed leaves; the lady's mantle. + +||Pa*del"la (?), n. [It., prop., a pan, a friing pan, fr. L. patella a +||pan.] A large cup or deep saucer, containing fatty matter in which a +||wick is placed, -- used for public illuminations, as at St. Peter's, +||in Rome. Called also padelle. + +Pad`e*mel"on (?), n. (Zoˆl.) See Wallaby. + +Pad"e*soy` (?), n. See Paduasoy. + +Padge, n. (Zoˆl.) The barn owl; -- called also pudge, and pudge owl. +[Prov. Eng.] + +||Pa`di*shah" (?), n. [Per. pdishh. Cf. Pasha.] Chief ruler; monarch; +||sovereign; -- a title of the Sultan of Turkey, and of the Shah of +||Persia. + +Pad"lock` (?), n. [Perh. orig., a lock for a pad gate, or a gate +opening to a path, or perh., a lock for a basket or pannier, and from +Prov. E. pad a pannier. Cf. Pad a path, Paddler.] 1. A portable lock +with a bow which is usually jointed or pivoted at one end so that it +can be opened, the other end being fastened by the bolt, -- used for +fastening by passing the bow through a staple over a hasp or through +the links of a chain, etc. + +2. Fig.: A curb; a restraint. + +Pad"lock`, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Padlocked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Padlocking.] To fasten with, or as with, a padlock; to stop; to shut; +to confine as by a padlock. Milton. Tennyson. + +Pad"nag` (?), n. [lst pad + nag.] An ambling nag. "An easy padnag." +Macaulay. + +Pad"ow (?), n. (Zoˆl.) A paddock, or toad. + +Padow pipe. (Bot.) See Paddock pipe, under Paddock. + +||Pa*dro"ne (?), n.; pl. It. Padroni (#), E. Padrones. [It. See +||Patron.] 1. A patron; a protector. + +2. The master of a small coaster in the Mediterranean. + +3. A man who imports, and controls the earnings of, Italian laborers, +street musicians, etc. + +Pad`u*a*soy" (?), n. [From Padua, in Italy + F. soie silk; or cf. F. +pou-de-soie.] A rich and heavy silk stuff. [Written also padesoy.] + +Pa*du"cahs (p*d"kz), n. pl.; sing. Paducah (-k). (Ethnol.) See +Comanches. + +PÊ"an (p`an), n. [L. paean, Gr. paia`n, fr. Paia`n the physician of the +gods, later, Apollo. Cf. PÊon, Peony.] [Written also pean.] 1. An +ancient Greek hymn in honor of Apollo as a healing deity, and, later, a +song addressed to other deities. + +2. Any loud and joyous song; a song of triumph. Dryden. "Public pÊans +of congratulation." De Quincey. + +3. See PÊon. + +PÊ`do*bap"tism (p`d*bp"tz'm), n. Pedobaptism. + +<! p. 1030 !> + +PÊ`do*gen"esis (p`d*jn"*ss), n. [Gr. pai^s, paido`s, child + E. +genesis.] (Zoˆl.) Reproduction by young or larval animals. + +PÊ`do*ge*net"ic (-j*nt"k), a. (Zoˆl.) Producing young while in the +immature or larval state; -- said of certain insects, etc. + +PÊ"on (p"n), n. [L. paeon, Gr. paiw`n a solemn song, also, a pÊon, +equiv. to paia`n. See PÊan.] (Anc. Poet.) A foot of four syllables, one +long and three short, admitting of four combinations, according to the +place of the long syllable. [Written also, less correctly, pÊan.] + +PÊ"o*nine (p"*nn), n. (Chem.) An artifical red nitrogenous dyestuff, +called also red coralline. + +PÊ"o*ny (p"*n), n. (Bot.) See Peony. + +Pa"gan (p"gan), n. [L. paganus a countryman, peasant, villager, a +pagan, fr. paganus of or pertaining to the country, rustic, also, +pagan, fr. pagus a district, canton, the country, perh. orig., a +district with fixed boundaries: cf. pangere to fasten. Cf. Painim, +Peasant, and Pact, also Heathen.] One who worships false gods; an +idolater; a heathen; one who is neither a Christian, a Mohammedan, nor +a Jew. + + Neither having the accent of Christians, nor the gait of Christian, + pagan, nor man. + + +Shak. + +Syn. -- Gentile; heathen; idolater. -- Pagan, Gentile, Heathen. Gentile +was applied to the other nations of the earth as distinguished from the +Jews. Pagan was the name given to idolaters in the early Christian +church, because the villagers, being most remote from the centers of +instruction, remained for a long time unconverted. Heathen has the same +origin. Pagan is now more properly applied to rude and uncivilized +idolaters, while heathen embraces all who practice idolatry. + +Pa"gan, a. [L. paganus of or pertaining to the country, pagan. See +Pagan, n.] Of or pertaining to pagans; relating to the worship or the +worshipers of false goods; heathen; idolatrous, as, pagan tribes or +superstitions. + + And all the rites of pagan honor paid. + + +Dryden. + +Pa"gan*dom (-dm), n. The pagan lands; pagans, collectively; paganism. +[R.] + +{ Pa*gan"ic (p*gn"k), Pa*gan"ic*al (-*kal), } a. Of or pertaining to +pagans or paganism; heathenish; paganish. [R.] "The paganic fables of +the goods." Cudworth. -- Pa*gan"ic*al*ly, adv. [R.] + +Pa"gan*ish (p"gan*sh), a. Of or pertaining to pagans; heathenish. "The +old paganish idolatry." Sharp + +Pa"gan*ism (-z'm), n. [L. paganismus: cf. F. paganisme. See Pagan, and +cf. Painim.] The state of being pagan; pagan characteristics; esp., the +worship of idols or false gods, or the system of religious opinions and +worship maintained by pagans; heathenism. + +Pa*gan"i*ty (p*gn"*t), n. [L. Paganitas.] The state of being a pagan; +paganism. [R.] Cudworth. + +Pa"gan*ize (p"gan*z), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Paganized (?); p. pr. & vb. +n. Paganizing (?).] To render pagan or heathenish; to convert to +paganism. Hallywell. + +Pa"gan*ize, v. i. To behave like pagans. Milton. + +Pa"gan*ly, adv. In a pagan manner. Dr. H. More. + +Page (pj), n. [F., fr. It. paggio, LL. pagius, fr. Gr. paidi`on, dim. +of pai^s, paido`s, a boy, servant; perh. akin to L. puer. Cf. +Pedagogue, Puerile.] 1. A serving boy; formerly, a youth attending a +person of high degree, especially at courts, as a position of honor and +education; now commonly, in England, a youth employed for doing +errands, waiting on the door, and similar service in households; in the +United States, a boy employed to wait upon the members of a legislative +body. + + He had two pages of honor -- on either hand one. + + +Bacon. + +2. A boy child. [Obs.] Chaucer. + +3. A contrivance, as a band, pin, snap, or the like, to hold the skirt +of a woman's dress from the ground. + +4. (Brickmaking.) A track along which pallets carrying newly molded +bricks are conveyed to the hack. + +5. (Zoˆl.) Any one of several species of beautiful South American moths +of the genus Urania. + +Page, v. t. To attend (one) as a page. [Obs.] Shak. + +Page, n. [F., fr. L. pagina; prob. akin to pagere, pangere, to fasten, +fix, make, the pages or leaves being fastened together. Cf. Pact, +Pageant, Pagination.] + +1. One side of a leaf of a book or manuscript. + + Such was the book from whose pages she sang. + + +Longfellow. + +2. Fig.: A record; a writing; as, the page of history. + +3. (Print.) The type set up for printing a page. + +Page, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Paged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Paging (?).] To +mark or number the pages of, as a book or manuscript; to furnish with +folios. + +Pag"eant (pj"ent or p"jent; 277), n. [OE. pagent, pagen, originally, a +movable scaffold or stage, hence, what was exhibited on it, fr. LL. +pagina, akin to pangere to fasten; cf. L. pagina page, leaf, slab, +compaginare to join together, compages a joining together, structure. +See Pact, Page of a book.] + +1. A theatrical exhibition; a spectacle. "A pageant truly played." +Shak. + + To see sad pageants of men's miseries. + + +Spenser. + +2. An elaborate exhibition devised for the entertainmeut of a +distinguished personage, or of the public; a show, spectacle, or +display. + + The gaze of fools, and pageant of a day ! + + +Pope. + + We love the man, the paltry pageant you. + + +Cowper. + +Pag"eant, a. Of the nature of a pageant; spectacular. "Pageant pomp." +Dryden. + +Pag"eant, v. t. To exhibit in show; to represent; to mimic. [R.] "He +pageants us." Shak. + +Pag"eant*ry (-r), n. Scenic shows or spectacles, taken collectively; +spectacular quality; splendor. + + Such pageantry be to the people shown. + + +Dryden. + + The pageantry of festival. + + +J. A. Symonds. + +Syn. -- Pomp; parade; show; display; spectacle. + +Page"hood (?), n. The state of being a page. + +||Pag"i*na (?), n.; pl. PaginÊ (#). [L.] (Bot.) The surface of a leaf +||or of a flattened thallus. + +Pag"i*nal (?), a. [L. paginalis.] Consisting of pages. "Paginal books." +Sir T. Browne. + +Pag`i*na"tion (?), n. The act or process of paging a book; also, the +characters used in numbering the pages; page number. Lowndes. + +Pa"ging (?), n. The marking or numbering of the pages of a book. + +Pa"god (?), n. [Cf. F. pagode. See Pagoda.] 1. A pagoda. [R.] "Or some +queer pagod." Pope. + +2. An idol. [Obs.] Bp. Stillingfleet. + +Pa*go"da (?), n. [Pg. pagoda, pagode, fr.Hind. & Per. but-kadah a house +of idols, or abode of God; Per. but an idol + kadah a house, a temple.] +1. A term by which Europeans designate religious temples and tower-like +buildings of the Hindoos and Buddhists of India, Farther India, China, +and Japan, -- usually but not always, devoted to idol worship. + +2. An idol. [R.] Brande & C. + +3. [Prob. so named from the image of a pagoda or a deity (cf. Skr. +bhagavat holy, divine) stamped on it.] A gold or silver coin, of +various kinds and values, formerly current in India. The Madras gold +pagoda was worth about three and a half rupees. + +Pa*go"dite (?), n. (Min.) Agalmatolite; -- so called because sometimes +carved by the Chinese into the form of pagodas. See Agalmatolite. + +||Pa*gu"ma (?), n. (Zoˆl.) Any one of several species of East Indian +||viverrine mammals of the genus Paguma. They resemble a weasel in +||form. + +Pa*gu"ri*an (?), n. [L. pagurus a kind of crab, Gr. &?;.] (Zoˆl.) Any +one of a tribe of anomuran crustaceans, of which Pagurus is a type; the +hermit crab. See Hermit crab, under Hermit. + +Pah (?), interj. An exclamation expressing disgust or contempt. See +Bah. + + Fie! fie! fie! pah! pah! Give me an ounce of civet, good + apothecary, to sweeten my imagination. + + +Shak. + +||Pah (?), n. [From native name.] A kind of stockaded intrenchment. +||[New Zealand.] Farrow. + +Pa"hi (?), n. (Naut.) A large war canoe of the Society Islands. + +Pah"le*vi (?), n. Same as Pehlevi. + +||Pa*ho"e*ho`e (?), n. (Min.) A name given in the Sandwich Islands to +||lava having a relatively smooth surface, in distinction from the +||rough-surfaced lava, called a-a. + +Pah"*Utes` (?), n. pl. (Ethnol.) See Utes. + +Paid (?), imp., p. p., & a. of Pay. 1. Receiving pay; compensated; +hired; as, a paid attorney. + +2. Satisfied; contented. [Obs.] "Paid of his poverty." Chaucer. + +Pai*deu"tics (?), n. [Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to teach, fr. &?;,&?;, a boy.] +The science or art of teaching. + +Pai"en (?), n. & a. Pagan. [Obs.] Chaucer. + +Pai"gle (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] (Bot.) A species of Primula, +either the cowslip or the primrose. [Written also pagle, pagil, peagle, +and pygil.] + +||Pai*ja"ma (?), n. Pyjama. + +Pail (?), n. [OE. paile, AS. pÊgel a wine vessel, a pail, akin to D. & +G. pegel a watermark, a gauge rod, a measure of wine, Dan. pÊgel half a +pint.] A vessel of wood or tin, etc., usually cylindrical and having a +bail, -- used esp. for carrying liquids, as water or milk, etc.; a +bucket. It may, or may not, have a cover. Shak. + +Pail"ful (?), n.; pl. Pailfuls (&?;). The quantity that a pail will +hold. "By pailfuls." Shak. + +Pail*lasse" (?; F. &?;), n. [F., fr. paille straw. See Pallet a bed.] +An under bed or mattress of straw. [Written also palliasse.] + +Pail`mall" (?), n. & a. See Pall-mall. [Obs.] + +Pain (?), n. [OE. peine, F. peine, fr. L. poena, penalty, punishment, +torment, pain; akin to Gr. &?; penalty. Cf. Penal, Pine to languish, +Punish.] 1. Punishment suffered or denounced; suffering or evil +inflicted as a punishment for crime, or connected with the commission +of a crime; penalty. Chaucer. + + We will, by way of mulct or pain, lay it upon him. + + +Bacon. + + Interpose, on pain of my displeasure. + + +Dryden. + + None shall presume to fly, under pain of death. + + +Addison. + +2. Any uneasy sensation in animal bodies, from slight uneasiness to +extreme distress or torture, proceeding from a derangement of +functions, disease, or injury by violence; bodily distress; bodily +suffering; an ache; a smart. "The pain of Jesus Christ." Chaucer. + +Pain may occur in any part of the body where sensory nerves are +distributed, and it is always due to some kind of stimulation of them. +The sensation is generally referred to the peripheral end of the nerve. + +3. pl. Specifically, the throes or travail of childbirth. + + She bowed herself and travailed, for her pains came upon her. + + +1 Sam. iv. 19. + +4. Uneasiness of mind; mental distress; disquietude; anxiety; grief; +solicitude; anguish. Chaucer. + + In rapture as in pain. + + +Keble. + +5. See Pains, labor, effort. + +Bill of pains and penalties. See under Bill. -- To die in the pain, to +be tortured to death. [Obs.] Chaucer. + +Pain, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pained (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Paining.] [OE. +peinen, OF. pener, F. peiner to fatigue. See Pain, n.] 1. To inflict +suffering upon as a penalty; to punish. [Obs.] Wyclif (Acts xxii. 5). + +2. To put to bodily uneasiness or anguish; to afflict with uneasy +sensations of any degree of intensity; to torment; to torture; as, his +dinner or his wound pained him; his stomach pained him. + + Excess of cold, as well as heat, pains us. + + +Locke. + +3. To render uneasy in mind; to disquiet; to distress; to grieve; as a +child's faults pain his parents. + + I am pained at my very heart. + + +Jer. iv. 19. + +To pain one's self, to exert or trouble one's self; to take pains; to +be solicitous. [Obs.] "She pained her to do all that she might." +Chaucer. + +Syn. -- To disquiet; trouble; afflict; grieve; aggrieve; distress; +agonize; torment; torture. + +Pain"a*ble (?), a. [Cf. F. pÈnible.] Causing pain; painful. [Obs.] + + The manacles of Astyages were not . . . the less weighty and + painable for being composed of gold or silver. + + +Evelyn. + +Pain"ful (?), a. 1. Full of pain; causing uneasiness or distress, +either physical or mental; afflictive; disquieting; distressing. +Addison. + +2. Requiring labor or toil; difficult; executed with laborious effort; +as a painful service; a painful march. + +3. Painstaking; careful; industrious. [Obs.] Fuller. + + A very painful person, and a great clerk. + + +Jer. Taylor. + + Nor must the painful husbandman be tired. + + +Dryden. + +Syn. -- Disquieting; troublesome; afflictive; distressing; grievous; +laborious; toilsome; difficult; arduous. + +-- Pain"ful*ly, adv. -- Pain"ful*ness, n. + +Pai"nim (?), n.[OE. painime pagans, paganism, fr. OF. paienisme +paganism, LL. paganismus. See Paganism, Pagan.] A pagan; an infidel; -- +used also adjectively. [Written also panim and paynim.] Peacham. + +Pain"less (?), a. Free from pain; without pain. -- Pain"less*ly, adv. - +- Pain"less*ness, n. + +Pains (?), n.Labor; toilsome effort; care or trouble taken; -- plural +in form, but used with a singular or plural verb, commonly the former. + + And all my pains is sorted to no proof. + + +Shak. + + The pains they had taken was very great. + + +Clarendon. + + The labored earth your pains have sowed and tilled. + + +Dryden. + +Pains"tak`er (?), n. One who takes pains; one careful and faithful in +all work. Gay. + +Pains"tak`ing, a. Careful in doing; diligent; faithful; attentive. +"Painstaking men." Harris. + +Pains"tak`ing, n. The act of taking pains; carefulness and fidelity in +performance. Beau. & Fl. + +Pains"wor`thy (?), a. Worth the pains or care bestowed. + +Paint (pnt), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Painted; p. pr. & vb. n. Painting.] +[OE. peinten, fr. F. peint, p. p. of peindre to paint, fr. L. pingere, +pictum; cf. Gr. poiki`los many-colored, Skr. piÁ to adorn. Cf. Depict, +Picture, Pigment, Pint.] 1. To cover with coloring matter; to apply +paint to; as, to paint a house, a signboard, etc. + + Jezebel painted her face and tired her head. + + +2 Kings ix. 30. + +2. Fig.: To color, stain, or tinge; to adorn or beautify with colors; +to diversify with colors. + + Not painted with the crimson spots of blood. + + +Shak. + + Cuckoo buds of yellow hue Do paint the meadows with delight. + + +Shak. + +3. To form in colors a figure or likeness of on a flat surface, as upon +canvas; to represent by means of colors or hues; to exhibit in a tinted +image; to portray with paints; as, to paint a portrait or a landscape. + +4. Fig.: To represent or exhibit to the mind; to describe vividly; to +delineate; to image; to depict. + + Disloyal? The word is too good to paint out her wickedness. + + +Shak. + + If folly grow romantic, I must paint it. + + +Pope. + +Syn. -- To color; picture; depict; portray; delineate; sketch; draw; +describe. + +Paint, v. t. 1. To practice the art of painting; as, the artist paints +well. + +2. To color one's face by way of beautifying it. + + Let her paint an inch thick. + + +Shak. + +Paint, n. 1. (a) A pigment or coloring substance. (b) The same prepared +with a vehicle, as oil, water with gum, or the like, for application to +a surface. + +2. A cosmetic; rouge. Praed. + +Paint"ed, a. 1. Covered or adorned with paint; portrayed in colors. + + As idle as a painted ship Upon a painted ocean. + + +Coleridge. + +2. (Nat. Hist.) Marked with bright colors; as, the painted turtle; +painted bunting. + +Painted beauty (Zoˆl.), a handsome American butterfly (Vanessa +Huntera), having a variety of bright colors, -- Painted cup (Bot.), any +plant of an American genus of herbs (Castilleia) in which the bracts +are usually bright-colored and more showy than the flowers. Castilleia +coccinea has brilliantly scarlet bracts, and is common in meadows. -- +Painted finch. See Nonpareil. -- Painted lady (Zoˆl.), a bright-colored +butterfly. See Thistle butterfly. -- Painted turtle (Zoˆl.), a common +American freshwater tortoise (Chrysemys picta), having bright red and +yellow markings beneath. + +Paint"er (pnt"r), n. [OE, pantere a noose, snare, F. pantiËre, LL. +panthera, L. panther a hunting net, fr. Gr. panqh`ra; pa^s all + qh`r +beast; cf. Ir. painteir a net, gin, snare, Gael. painntear.] (Naut.) A +rope at the bow of a boat, used to fasten it to anything. Totten. + +Paint"er, n. [Corrupt. of panther.] (Zoˆl.) The panther, or puma. [A +form representing an illiterate pronunciation, U. S.] J. F. Cooper. + +Paint"er, n. [See lst Paint.] One whose occupation is to paint; esp.: +(a) One who covers buildings, ships, ironwork, and the like, with +paint. (b) An artist who represents objects or scenes in color on a +flat surface, as canvas, plaster, or the like. + +Painter's colic. (Med.) See Lead colic, under Colic. -- Painter +stainer. (a) A painter of coats of arms. Crabb. (b) A member of a +livery company or guild in London, bearing this name. + +<! p. 1031 !> + +Paint"er*ly (?), a. Like a painter's work. [Obs.] "A painterly glose of +a visage." Sir P. Sidney. + +Paint"er*ship, n. The state or position of being a painter. [R.] Br. +Gardiner. + +Paint"ing, n. 1. The act or employment of laying on, or adorning with, +paints or colors. + +2. (Fine Arts) The work of the painter; also, any work of art in which +objects are represented in color on a flat surface; a colored +representation of any object or scene; a picture. + +3. Color laid on; paint. [R.] Shak. + +4. A depicting by words; vivid representation in words. + +Syn. -- See Picture. + +Paint"less, a. Not capable of being painted or described. "In paintless +patience." Savage. + +Pain"ture (?), n. [F. peinture. See Paint, v. t., and cf. Picture.] The +art of painting. [Obs.] Chaucer. Dryden. + +Paint"y (?), a. Unskillfully painted, so that the painter's method of +work is too obvious; also, having too much pigment applied to the +surface. [Cant] + +Pair (?), n. [F. paire, LL. paria, L. paria, pl. of par pair, fr. par, +adj., equal. Cf. Apparel, Par equality, Peer an equal.] + +1. A number of things resembling one another, or belonging together; a +set; as, a pair or flight of stairs. "A pair of beads." Chaucer. Beau. +& Fl. "Four pair of stairs." Macaulay. [Now mostly or quite disused, +except as to stairs.] + + Two crowns in my pocket, two pair of cards. + + +Beau. & Fl. + +2. Two things of a kind, similar in form, suited to each other, and +intended to be used together; as, a pair of gloves or stockings; a pair +of shoes. + +3. Two of a sort; a span; a yoke; a couple; a brace; as, a pair of +horses; a pair of oxen. + +4. A married couple; a man and wife. "A happy pair." Dryden. "The +hapless pair." Milton. + +5. A single thing, composed of two pieces fitted to each other and used +together; as, a pair of scissors; a pair of tongs; a pair of bellows. + +6. Two members of opposite parties or opinion, as in a parliamentary +body, who mutually agree not to vote on a given question, or on issues +of a party nature during a specified time; as, there were two pairs on +the final vote. [Parliamentary Cant] + +7. (Kinematics) In a mechanism, two elements, or bodies, which are so +applied to each other as to mutually constrain relative motion. + +Pairs are named in accordance with the kind of motion they permit; +thus, a journal and its bearing form a turning pair, a cylinder and its +piston a sliding pair, a screw and its nut a twisting pair, etc. Any +pair in which the constraining contact is along lines or at points only +(as a cam and roller acting together), is designated a higher pair; any +pair having constraining surfaces which fit each other (as a +cylindrical pin and eye, a screw and its nut, etc.), is called a lower +pair. + +Pair royal (pl. Pairs Royal) three things of a sort; -- used especially +of playing cards in some games, as cribbage; as three kings, three +"eight spots" etc. Four of a kind are called a double pair royal. +"Something in his face gave me as much pleasure as a pair royal of +naturals in my own hand." Goldsmith. "That great pair royal of +adamantine sisters [the Fates]." Quarles. [Written corruptly parial and +prial.] + +Syn. -- Pair, Flight, Set. Originally, pair was not confined to two +things, but was applied to any number of equal things (pares), that go +together. Ben Jonson speaks of a pair (set) of chessmen; also, he and +Lord Bacon speak of a pair (pack) of cards. A "pair of stairs" is still +in popular use, as well as the later expression, "flight of stairs." + +Pair, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Paired (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pairing.] 1. To +be joined in paris; to couple; to mate, as for breeding. + +2. To suit; to fit, as a counterpart. + + My heart was made to fit and pair with thine. + + +Rowe. + +3. Same as To pair off. See phrase below. + +To pair off, to separate from a company in pairs or couples; specif. +(Parliamentary Cant), to agree with one of the opposite party or +opinion to abstain from voting on specified questions or issues. See +Pair, n., 6. + +Pair, v. t. 1. To unite in couples; to form a pair of; to bring +together, as things which belong together, or which complement, or are +adapted to one another. + + Glossy jet is paired with shining white. + + +Pope. + +2. To engage (one's self) with another of opposite opinions not to vote +on a particular question or class of questions. [Parliamentary Cant] + +Paired fins. (Zoˆl.) See under Fin. + +Pair, v. t. [See Impair.] To impair. [Obs.] Spenser. + +Pair"er (?), n. One who impairs. [Obs.] Wyclif. + +Pair"ing, n. [See Pair, v. i.] 1. The act or process of uniting or +arranging in pairs or couples. + +2. See To pair off, under Pair, v. i. + +Pairyng time, the time when birds or other animals pair. + +Pair"ment (?), n. Impairment. [Obs.] Wyclif. + +||Pa`is (?), n. [OF. puÔs, F. pays, country.] (O. E. Law) The country; +||the people of the neighborhood. + +A trial per pais is a trial by the country, that is, by a jury; and +matter in pais is matter triable by the country, or jury. + +||Pa`i*sa"no (?), n. [Sp., of the country, &?;ative.] (Zoˆl.) The +||chaparral cock. + +Paise (?), n. [Obs.] See Poise. Chapman. + +Pa"jock (?), n. A peacock. [Obs.] Shak. + +Pak"fong` (?), n. See Packfong. + +Pal (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] A mate; a partner; esp., an accomplice +or confederate. [Slang] + +Pal"ace (?), n. [OE. palais, F. palais, fr. L. palatium, fr. Palatium, +one of the seven hills of Rome, &?; which Augustus had his residence. +Cf. Paladin.] + +1. The residence of a sovereign, including the lodgings of high +officers of state, and rooms for business, as well as halls for +ceremony and reception. Chaucer. + +2. The official residence of a bishop or other distinguished personage. + +3. Loosely, any unusually magnificent or stately house. + +Palace car. See under Car. -- Palace court, a court having jurisdiction +of personal actions arising within twelve miles of the palace at +Whitehall. The court was abolished in 1849. [Eng.] Mozley & W. + +Pa*la"cious (?), a. Palatial. [Obs.] Graunt. + +Pal"a*din (?), n. [F., fr.It. paladino, fr. L. palatinus an officer of +the palace. See Palatine.] A knight-errant; a distinguished champion; +as, the paladins of Charlemagne. Sir W. Scott. + +Pa"lÊ*o- (?). See Paleo-. + +Pa`lÊ*og"ra*pher (?), n., Pa`lÊ*o*graph"ic (&?;), a., etc. See +Paleographer, Paleographic, etc. + +Pa"lÊ*o*type (?), n. [PalÊo- + -type.] (Phon.) A system of representing +all spoken sounds by means of the printing types in common use. Ellis. +-- Pa`lÊ*o*typ"ic*al (#), a. -- Pa`lÊ*o*typ"ic*al*ly, adv. + +||Pa*lÊs"tra (?), n. See Palestra. + +Pa*lÊs"tric (?), a. See Palestric. + +Pa*lÊ`ti*ol"o*gist (?), n. One versed in palÊtiology. + +Pa*lÊ`ti*ol"o*gy (?), n. [PalÊo- + Êtiology.] The science which +explains, by the law of causation, the past condition and changes of +the earth. -- Pa*lÊ`ti*o*log"ic*al (#), a. + +||Pal"a*ma (?), n.; pl. Palamme (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?; the palm.] +||(Zoˆl.) A membrane extending between the toes of a bird, and uniting +||them more or less closely together. + +||Pal`a*me"de*Ê (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zoˆl.) An order, or suborder, +||including the kamichi, and allied South American birds; -- called +||also screamers. In many anatomical characters they are allied to the +||Anseres, but they externally resemble the wading birds. + +Pal`am*pore" (?), n. See Palempore. + +||Pa*lan"ka (?), n. [Cf. It., Pg., & Sp. palanca, fr.L. palanga, +||phalanga a pole, Gr.&?; ] (Mil.) A camp permanently intrenched, +||attached to Turkish frontier fortresses. + +Pal`an*quin" (?), n. [F. palanquin, Pg. palanquim, Javan. palangki, +OJavan. palangkan, through Prakrit fr. Skr. parya&?;ka, palya&?;ka, +bed, couch; pari around (akin to E. pref. peri-) + a&?;ka a hook, +flank, probably akin to E. angle fishing tackle. Cf. Palkee.] An +inclosed carriage or litter, commonly about eight feet long, four feet +wide, and four feet high, borne on the shoulders of men by means of two +projecting poles, -- used in India, China, etc., for the conveyance of +a single person from place to place. [Written also palankeen.] + +Pa*lap"te*ryx (?), n. [Paleo- + apteryx.] (Paleon.) A large extinct +ostrichlike bird of New Zealand. + +Pal`a*ta*bil"i*ty (?), n. Palatableness. + +Pal"a*ta*ble (?), a. [From Palate.] Agreeable to the palate or taste; +savory; hence, acceptable; pleasing; as, palatable food; palatable +advice. + +Pal"a*ta*ble*ness, n. The quality or state of being agreeable to the +taste; relish; acceptableness. + +Pal"a*ta*bly, adv. In a palatable manner. + +Pal"a*tal (?), a. [Cf. F. palatal.] 1. Of or pertaining to the palate; +palatine; as, the palatal bones. + +2. (Phonetics) Uttered by the aid of the palate; -- said of certain +sounds, as the sound of k in kirk. + +Pal"a*tal, n. (Phon.) A sound uttered, or a letter pronounced, by the +aid of the palate, as the letters k and y. + +Pal"a*tal*ize (?), v. t. (Phon.) To palatize. + +Pal"ate (?), n. [L. palatum: cf. F. palais, Of. also palat.] 1. (Anat.) +The roof of the mouth. + +The fixed portion, or palate proper, supported by the maxillary and +palatine bones, is called the hard palate to distinguish it from the +membranous and muscular curtain which separates the cavity of the mouth +from the pharynx and is called the soft palate, or velum. + +2. Relish; taste; liking; -- a sense originating in the mistaken notion +that the palate is the organ of taste. + + Hard task! to hit the palate of such guests. + + +Pope. + +3. Fig.: Mental relish; intellectual taste. T. Baker. + +4. (Bot.) A projection in the throat of such flowers as the snapdragon. + +Pal"ate, v. t. To perceive by the taste. [Obs.] Shak. + +Pa*la"tial (?), a. [L. palatium palace. See Palace.] Of or pertaining +to a palace; suitable for a palace; resembling a palace; royal; +magnificent; as, palatial structures. "Palatial style." A. Drummond. + +Pa*la"tial, a. [From Palate.] (Anat.) Palatal; palatine. [Obs.] Barrow. + +Pa*la"tial, n. A palatal letter. [Obs.] Sir W. Jones. + +Pa*lat"ic (?), a. (Anat.) Palatal; palatine. + +Pa*lat"ic, n. (Phon.) A palatal. [R.] + +Pa*lat"i*nate (?), n. [F. palatinat. See Palatine.] The province or +seigniory of a palatine; the dignity of a palatine. Howell. + +Pa*lat"i*nate (?), v. t. To make a palatinate of. [Obs.] Fuller. + +Pal"a*tine (?), a. [F. palatin, L. palatinus, fr. palatium. See Palace, +and cf. Paladin.] Of or pertaining to a palace, or to a high officer of +a palace; hence, possessing royal privileges. + +Count palatine, County palatine. See under Count, and County. -- +Palatine hill, or The palatine, one of the seven hills of Rome, once +occupied by the palace of the CÊsars. See Palace. + +Pal"a*tine (?), n. 1. One invested with royal privileges and rights +within his domains; a count palatine. See Count palatine, under 4th +Count. + +2. The Palatine hill in Rome. + +Pal"a*tine, a. [From Palate.] (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the palate. + +Palatine bones (Anat.), a pair of bones (often united in the adult) in +the root of the mouth, back of and between the maxillaries. + +Pal"a*tine n. (Anat.) A palatine bone. + +Pal"a*tive (?), a. Pleasing to the taste; palatable. [Obs.] "Palative +delights." Sir T. Browne. + +Pal"a*tize (?), v. t. To modify, as the tones of the voice, by means of +the palate; as, to palatize a letter or sound. -- Pal`a*ti*za"tion (#), +n. J. Peile. + +Pal"a*to- (?). [From Palate.] A combining form used in anatomy to +indicate relation to, or connection with, the palate; as in +palatolingual. + +||Pal`a*to*na"res (?), n. pl. [NL. See Palato-, and Nares.] (Anat.) The +||posterior nares. See Nares. + +Pal`a*top*ter"y*goid (?), a. [Palato- + pterygoid.] (Anat.) Pertaining +to the palatine and pterygoid region of the skull; as, the +palatopterygoid cartilage, or rod, from which the palatine and +pterygoid bones are developed. + +Pa*la"ver (?), n. [Sp. palabra, or Pg. palavra, fr. L. parabola a +comparison, a parable, LL., a word. See Parable.] + +1. Talk; conversation; esp., idle or beguiling talk; talk intended to +deceive; flattery. + +2. In Africa, a parley with the natives; a talk; hence, a public +conference and deliberation; a debate. + + This epoch of parliaments and eloquent palavers. + + +Carlyle. + +Pa*la"ver, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Palavered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Palavering.] To make palaver with, or to; to used palaver;to talk idly +or deceitfully; to employ flattery; to cajole; as, to palaver artfully. + + Palavering the little language for her benefit. + + +C. Bront&?; + +Pa*la"ver*er (?), n. One who palavers; a flatterer. + +Pale (?), a. [Compar. Paler (?); superl. Palest.] [F. p‚le, fr. p‚lir +to turn pale, L. pallere to be o&?; look pale. Cf. Appall, Fallow, +pall, v. i., Pallid.] + +1. Wanting in color; not ruddy; dusky white; pallid; wan; as, a pale +face; a pale red; a pale blue. "Pale as a forpined ghost." Chaucer. + + Speechless he stood and pale. + + +Milton. + + They are not of complexion red or pale. + + +T. Randolph. + +2. Not bright or brilliant; of a faint luster or hue; dim; as, the pale +light of the moon. + + The night, methinks, is but the daylight sick; It looks a little + paler. + + +Shak. + +Pale is often used in the formation of self- explaining compounds; as, +pale-colored, pale-eyed, pale-faced, pale-looking, etc. + +Pale, n. Paleness; pallor. [R.] Shak. + +Pale, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Paled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Paling.] To turn +pale; to lose color or luster. Whittier. + + Apt to pale at a trodden worm. + + +Mrs. Browning. + +Pale, v. t. To make pale; to diminish the brightness of. + + The glow&?;worm shows the matin to be near, And gins to pale his + uneffectual fire. + + +Shak. + +Pale, n. [F. pal, fr. L. palus: cf. D. paal. See Pol&?; a stake, and +lst Pallet.] 1. A pointed stake or slat, either driven into the ground, +or fastened to a rail at the top and bottom, for fencing or inclosing; +a picket. + + Deer creep through when a pale tumbles down. + + +Mortimer. + +2. That which incloses or fences in; a boundary; a limit; a fence; a +palisade. "Within one pale or hedge." Robynson (More's Utopia). + +3. A space or field having bounds or limits; a limited region or place; +an inclosure; -- often used figuratively. "To walk the studious +cloister's pale." Milton. "Out of the pale of civilization." Macaulay. + +4. A stripe or band, as on a garment. Chaucer. + +5. (Her.) One of the greater ordinaries, being a broad perpendicular +stripe in an escutcheon, equally distant from the two edges, and +occupying one third of it. + +6. A cheese scoop. Simmonds. + +7. (Shipbuilding) A shore for bracing a timber before it is fastened. + +English pale (Hist.), the limits or territory within which alone the +English conquerors of Ireland held dominion for a long period after +their invasion of the country in 1172. Spencer. + +Pale, v. t. To inclose with pales, or as with pales; to encircle; to +encompass; to fence off. + + [Your isle, which stands] ribbed and paled in With rocks unscalable + and roaring waters. + + +Shak. + +||Pa"le*a (?), n.; pl. PaleÊ (-). [L., chaff.] + +1. (Bot.) (a) The interior chaff or husk of grasses. (b) One of the +chaffy scales or bractlets growing on the receptacle of many compound +flowers, as the Coreopsis, the sunflower, etc. + +2. (Zoˆl.) A pendulous process of the skin on the throat of a bird, as +in the turkey; a dewlap. + +Pa`le*a"ceous (?), a. [L. palea chaff.] (Bot.) Chaffy; resembling or +consisting of paleÊ, or chaff; furnished with chaff; as, a paleaceous +receptacle. + +Pa`le*arc"tic (?), a. [Paleo- + arctic.] Belonging to a region of the +earth's surface which includes all Europe to the Azores, Iceland, and +all temperate Asia. + +Paled (?), a. [See 5th Pale.] 1. Striped. [Obs.] "[Buskins] . . . paled +part per part." Spenser. + +2. Inclosed with a paling. "A paled green." Spenser. + +||Pa`le*Îch`i*noi"de*a (?), n. pl. [NL. See Paleo-, and Echinoidea.] +||(Zoˆl.) An extinct order of sea urchins found in the Paleozoic rocks. +||They had more than twenty vertical rows of plates. Called also +||PalÊechini. [Written also PalÊechinoidea.] + +<! p. 1032 !> + +Pale"face` (?), n. A white person; -- an appellation supposed to have +been applied to the whites by the American Indians. J. F. Cooper. + +||Pa`le*ich"thy*es (?), n. pl. [NL. See Paleo-, and Ichthyology.] +||(Zoˆl.) A comprehensive division of fishes which includes the +||elasmobranchs and ganoids. [Written also PalÊichthyes.] + +Pale"ly (?), adv. [From Pale, a.] In a pale manner; dimly; wanly; not +freshly or ruddily. Thackeray. + +Pal`em*pore" (?), n. A superior kind of dimity made in India, -- used +for bed coverings. [Written also palampore, palampoor, etc.] De +Colange. + +Pale"ness (?), n. The quality or condition of being pale; want of +freshness or ruddiness; a sickly whiteness; lack of color or luster; +wanness. + + The blood the virgin's cheek forsook; A livid paleness spreads o'er + all her look. + + +Pope. + +Pa*len"que (?), n. pl. (Ethnol.) A collective name for the Indians of +Nicaragua and Honduras. + +Pa"le*o- (?). [Gr. &?;, adj.] A combining form meaning old, ancient; +as, palearctic, paleontology, paleothere, paleography. [Written also +palÊo-.] + +Pa`le*o*bot"a*nist (?), n. One versed in paleobotany. + +Pa`le*o*bot"a*ny (?), n. [Paleo- + botany.] That branch of paleontology +which treats of fossil plants. + +||Pa`le*o*car"ida (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; ancient + &?;, &?;, +||&?;, a kind of crustacean.] (Zoˆl.) Same as Merostomata. [Written +||also PalÊocarida.] + +||Pa`le*o*cri*noi"de*a (?), n. pl. [NL. See Paleo-, and Crinoidea.] +||(Zoˆl.) A suborder of Crinoidea found chiefly in the Paleozoic rocks. + +Pa`le*o*crys"tic (?), a. [Paleo- + Gr. &?; ice.] Of, pertaining to, or +derived from, a former glacial formation. + +Pa`le*o*gÊ"an (?), a. [Paleo- + Gr. &?; the eart] (Zoˆl.) Of or +pertaining to the Eastern hemisphere. [Written also palÊogÊan.] + +Pa"le*o*graph (?), n. An ancient manuscript. + +Pa`le*og"ra*pher (?), n. One skilled in paleography; a paleographist. + +{ Pa`le*o*graph"ic (?), Pa`le*o*graph"ic*al (?), } a. [Cf. F. +palÈographique.] Of or pertaining to paleography. + +Pa`le*og"ra*phist (?), n. One versed in paleography; a paleographer. + +Pa`le*og"ra*phy, n. [Paleo- + -graphy: cf. F. palÈographie.] 1. An +ancient manner of writing; ancient writings, collectively; as, Punic +paleography. + +2. The study of ancient inscriptions and modes of writing; the art or +science of deciphering ancient writings, and determining their origin, +period, etc., from external characters; diplomatics. + +||Pa*le"o*la (?), n.; pl. PaleolÊ (#). [NL., dim. of L. palea.] (Bot.) +||A diminutive or secondary palea; a lodicule. + +Pa"le*o*lith (?), n. [Paleo- + -lith.] (Geol.) A relic of the +Paleolithic era. + +Pa`le*o*lith"ic (?), a. (Geol.) Of or pertaining to an era marked by +early stone implements. The Paleolithic era (as proposed by Lubbock) +includes the earlier half of the "Stone Age;" the remains belonging to +it are for the most part of extinct animals, with relics of human +beings. + +Pa`le*ol"ogist (?), n. One versed in paleology; a student of antiquity. + +Pa`le*ol"o*gy (?), n. [Paleo- + -logy.] The study or knowledge of +antiquities, esp. of prehistoric antiquities; a discourse or treatise +on antiquities; archÊology . + +Pa`le*on`to*graph"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to the description of +fossil remains. + +Pa`le*on*tog"ra*phy (?), n. [Paleo- + Gr. &?; existing things + +-graphy.] The description of fossil remains. + +Pa`le*on`to*log"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to paleontology. -- +Pa`le*on`to*log"ic*al*ly, adv. + +Pa`le*on*tol"o*gist (?), n. [Cf. F. palÈontologiste.] One versed in +paleontology. + +Pa`le*on*tol"o*gy (?), n. [Paleo- + Gr. &?; existing things + -logy. +Cf. Ontology.] The science which treats of the ancient life of the +earth, or of fossils which are the remains of such life. + +Pa`le*o*phy*tol"o*gist (?), n. A paleobotanist. + +Pa`le*o*phy*tol"o*gy (?), n. [Paleo- + phytology.] Paleobotany. + +Pa`le*or`ni*thol"o*gy (?), n. [Paleo- + ornithology.] The branch of +paleontology which treats of fossil birds. + +Pa`le*o*sau"rus (?), n.[NL., fr. Gr. &?; ancient + &?; a lizard.] +(Paleon.) A genus of fossil saurians found in the Permian formation. + +Pa`le*o*tech"nic (?), a. [Paleo- + technic.] Belonging to, or connected +with, ancient art. "The paleotechnic men of central France." D. Wilson. + +Pa"le*o*there (?), n. [F. palÈothËre.] (Paleon.) Any species of +Paleotherium. + +Pa`le*o*the"ri*an (?), a. [F. palÈothÈrien.] (Paleon.) Of or pertaining +to Paleotherium. + +||Pa`le*o*the"ri*um (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; ancient + &?; beast.] +||(Paleon.) An extinct genus of herbivorous Tertiary mammals, once +||supposed to have resembled the tapir in form, but now known to have +||had a more slender form, with a long neck like that of a llama. +||[Written also PalÊotherium.] + +Pa`le*o*the"roid (?), [Paleothere + -oid.] (Paleon.) Resembling +Paleotherium. -- n. An animal resembling, or allied to, the paleothere. + +Pa"le*o*type (?), n. See PalÊotype. + +Pa"le*ous (?), a. [L. palea chaff.] Chaffy; like chaff; paleaceous. +[R.] Sir T. Browne. + +Pa`le*o*zo"ic (?), a. [Paleo- + Gr. &?; life, fr. &?; to live.] (Geol.) +Of or pertaining to, or designating, the older division of geological +time during which life is known to have existed, including the +Silurian, Devonian, and Carboniferous ages, and also to the life or +rocks of those ages. See Chart of Geology. + +Pa`le*o*zo*ˆl"o*gy (?), n. (Geol.) The Paleozoic time or strata. + +Pa`le*o*zo*ˆ"o*gy (?), n. [Paleo- + zoˆlogy.] The science of extinct +animals, a branch of paleontology. + +{ Pale"sie (?), Pale"sy }, n. Palsy. [Obs.] Wyclif. + +{ Pal`es*tin"i*an (?), Pal`es*tin"e*an (?), } a. Of or pertaining to +Palestine. + +Pa*les"tra (?), n.; pl. L. PalestrÊ (#), E. Palestras (#). [NL., fr. L. +palaestra, Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to wrestle.] [Written also palÊstra.] +(Antiq.) (a) A wrestling school; hence, a gymnasium, or place for +athletic exercise in general. (b) A wrestling; the exercise of +wrestling. + +{ Pa*les"tri*an (?), Pa*les"tric (?), Pa*les"tric*al (?), } a. [L. +palaestricus, Gr. &?;] Of or pertaining to the palestra, or to +wrestling. + +Pal"et (?), n. [See Palea.] (Bot.) Same as Palea. + +||Pal"e*tot (?), n. [F. paletot, OF. palletoc, prob. fr. L. palla (see +||Palla) + F. toque cap, and so lit., a frock with a cap or hood; cf. +||Sp. paletoque.] (a) An overcoat. Dickens. (b) A lady's outer garment, +||-- of varying fashion. + +Pal"ette (?), n. [See Pallet a thin board.] + +1. (Paint.) A thin, oval or square board, or tablet, with a thumb hole +at one end for holding it, on which a painter lays and mixes his +pigments. [Written also pallet.] + +2. (Anc. Armor) One of the plates covering the points of junction at +the bend of the shoulders and elbows. Fairholt. + +3. (Mech.) A breastplate for a breast drill. + +Palette knife, a knife with a very flexible steel blade and no cutting +edge, rounded at the end, used by painters to mix colors on the +grinding slab or palette. -- To set the palette (Paint.), to lay upon +it the required pigments in a certain order, according to the intended +use of them in a picture. Fairholt. + +Pale"wise` (?), adv. (Her.) In the manner of a pale or pales; by +perpendicular lines or divisions; as, to divide an escutcheon palewise. + +Pal"frey (?), n. [OE. palefrai, OF. palefrei, F. palefroi, LL. +palafredus, parafredus, from L. paraveredus a horse for extraordinary +occasions, an extra post horse; Gr. &?; along, beside + L. veredus a +post horse.] + +1. A saddle horse for the road, or for state occasions, as +distinguished from a war horse. Chaucer. + +2. A small saddle horse for ladies. Spenser. + + Call the host and bid him bring Charger and palfrey. + + +Tennyson. + +Pal"freyed (?), a. Mounted on a palfrey. Tickell. + +Pal"grave (?), n. See Palsgrave. + +||Pa"li (?), n., pl. of Palus. + +Pa"li (?), n. [Ceylonese, fr. Skr. pli row, line, series, applied to +the series of Buddhist sacred texts.] A dialect descended from +Sanskrit, and like that, a dead language, except when used as the +sacred language of the Buddhist religion in Farther India, etc. + +Pal`i*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [L. palus a stake + -ficare (in comp.) to +make: cf. F. palification. See -fy.] The act or practice of driving +piles or posts into the ground to make it firm. [R.] Sir H. Wotton. + +Pa"li*form (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Resembling a palus; as, the paliform lobes +of the septa in corals. + +Pa*lil"o*gy (?), n. [L. palilogia, Gr. &?;; &?; again + &?; to speak.] +(Rhet.) The repetition of a word, or part of a sentence, for the sake +of greater emphasis; as, "The living, the living, he shall praise +thee." Is. xxxviii. 19. + +Pal"imp*sest (?), n. [L. palimpsestus, Gr. &?; scratched or scraped +again, &?; a palimpsest; &?; again + &?; to rub, rub away: cf. F. +palimpseste.] A parchment which has been written upon twice, the first +writing having been erased to make place for the second. Longfellow. + +Pal"in*drome (?), n. [Gr. &?; running back again; &?; again + &?; to +run: cf. F. palindrome.] A word, verse, or sentence, that is the same +when read backward or forward; as, madam; Hannah; or Lewd did I live, & +evil I did dwel. + +{ Pal`in*drom"ic (?), Pal`in*drom"ic*al (?), } a. Of, pertaining to, or +like, a palindrome. + +Pa*lin"dro*mist (?), n. A writer of palindromes. + +Pal"ing (?), n. 1. Pales, in general; a fence formed with pales or +pickets; a limit; an inclosure. + + They moved within the paling of order and decorum. + + +De Quincey. + +2. The act of placing pales or stripes on cloth; also, the stripes +themselves. [Obs.] Chaucer. + +Paling board, one of the slabs sawed from the sides of a log to fit it +to be sawed into boards. [Eng.] + +||Pal`in*ge*ne"si*a (?), n.[NL.] See Palingenesis. + +{ Pal`in*gen"e*sis (?), Pal`in*gen"e*sy (?), } n. [Gr. &?;; &?; again + +&?; birth: cf. F. palingÈnÈsie. See Genesis.] + +1. A new birth; a re-creation; a regeneration; a continued existence in +different manner or form. + +2. (Biol.) That form of evolution in which the truly ancestral +characters conserved by heredity are reproduced in development; +original simple descent; -- distinguished from kenogenesis. Sometimes, +in zoˆlogy, the abrupt metamorphosis of insects, crustaceans, etc. + +Pal`in*ge*net"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to palingenesis: as, a +palingenetic process. - - Pal`in*ge*net"ic*al*ly (#), adv. + +Pal"i*node (?), n. [L. palinodia, from Gr. &?;; &?; again + &?; a song. +See Ode.] 1. An ode recanting, or retracting, a former one; also, a +repetition of an ode. + +2. A retraction; esp., a formal retraction. Sandys. + +Pal`i*no"di*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to a palinode, or retraction. +J. Q. Adams. + +Pal"i*no*dy (?), n. See Palinode. [Obs.] Wood. + +Pal`inu"rus (?), n. [So called from L. Palinurus, the pilot of ∆neas.] +(Naut.) An instrument for obtaining directly, without calculation, the +true bearing of the sun, and thence the variation of the compass + +Pal`i*sade" (?), n. [F. palissade, cf. Sp. palizada, It. palizzata, +palizzo, LL. palissata; all fr. L. palus a stake, pale. See Pale a +stake.] 1. (Fort.) A strong, long stake, one end of which is set firmly +in the ground, and the other is sharpened; also, a fence formed of such +stakes set in the ground as a means of defense. + +2. Any fence made of pales or sharp stakes. + +Palisade cells (Bot.), vertically elongated parenchyma cells, such as +are seen beneath the epidermis of the upper surface of many leaves. -- +Palisade worm (Zoˆl.), a nematoid worm (Strongylus armatus), parasitic +in the blood vessels of the horse, in which it produces aneurisms, +often fatal. + +Pal`i*sade", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Palisaded; p. pr. & vb. n. +Palisading.] [Cf. F. palissader.] To surround, inclose, or fortify, +with palisades. + +Pal`i*sad"ing (?), n. (Fort.) A row of palisades set in the ground. + +Pal`i*sa*"do (?), n.; pl. Palisadoes (&?;). A palisade. [Obs.] Shak. + +Pal`i*sa"do, v. t. To palisade. [Obs.] Sterne. + +Pal"ish (?), a. Somewhat pale or wan. + +Pal`is*san"der (?), n. [F. palissandre.] (Bot.) (a) Violet wood. (b) +Rosewood. + +Pal"is*sy (?), a. Designating, or of the nature of, a kind of pottery +made by Bernard Palissy, in France, in the 16th centry. + +Palissy ware, glazed pottery like that made by Bernard Palissy; +especially, that having figures of fishes, reptiles, etc., in high +relief. + +||Pal"kee (?), n. [Hind. plk; of the same origin as E. palanquin.] A +||palanquin. Malcom. + +Pall (?), n. Same as Pawl. + +Pall, n. [OE. pal, AS. pÊl, from L. pallium cover, cloak, mantle, pall; +cf. L. palla robe, mantle.] 1. An outer garment; a cloak mantle. + + His lion's skin changed to a pall of gold. + + +Spenser. + +2. A kind of rich stuff used for garments in the Middle Ages. [Obs.] +Wyclif (Esther viii. 15). + +3. (R. C. Ch.) Same as Pallium. + + About this time Pope Gregory sent two archbishop's palls into + England, -- the one for London, the other for York. + + +Fuller. + +4. (Her.) A figure resembling the Roman Catholic pallium, or pall, and +having the form of the letter Y. + +5. A large cloth, esp., a heavy black cloth, thrown over a coffin at a +funeral; sometimes, also, over a tomb. + + Warriors carry the warrior's pall. + + +Tennyson. + +6. (Eccl.) A piece of cardboard, covered with linen and embroidered on +one side; -- used to put over the chalice. + +Pall, v. t. To cloak. [R.] Shak + +Pall, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Palled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Palling.] [Either +shortened fr. appall, or fr. F. p‚lir to grow pale. Cf. Appall, Pale, +a.] To become vapid, tasteless, dull, or insipid; to lose strength, +life, spirit, or taste; as, the liquor palls. + + Beauty soon grows familiar to the lover, Fades in the eye, and + palls upon the sense. + + +Addisin. + +Pall, v. t. 1. To make vapid or insipid; to make lifeless or +spiritless; to dull; to weaken. Chaucer. + + Reason and reflection . . . pall all his enjoyments. + + +Atterbury. + +2. To satiate; to cloy; as, to pall the appetite. + +Pall, n. Nausea. [Obs.] Shaftesbury. + +||Pal"la (?), n. [L. See Pall a cloak.] (Rom. Antuq.) An oblong +||rectangular piece of cloth, worn by Roman ladies, and fastened with +||brooches. + +Pal*la"di*an (?), a. (Arch.) Of, pertaining to, or designating, a +variety of the revived classic style of architecture, founded on the +works of Andrea Palladio, an Italian architect of the 16th century. + +Pal*la"dic (?), a. (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or derived from, +palladium; -- used specifically to designate those compounds in which +the element has a higher valence as contrasted with palladious +compounds. + +Pal*la"di*ous (?), a. (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or containing, +palladium; -- used specifically to designate those compounds in which +palladium has a lower valence as compared with palladic compounds. + +Pal*la"di*um (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?;, &?;, Pallas.] + +1. (Gr. Antiq.) Any statue of the goddess Pallas; esp., the famous +statue on the preservation of which depended the safety of ancient +Troy. + +2. Hence: That which affords effectual protection or security; a +safeguard; as, the trial by jury is the palladium of our civil rights. +Blackstone. + +Pal*la"di*um, n. [NL.] (Chem.) A rare metallic element of the light +platinum group, found native, and also alloyed with platinum and gold. +It is a silver-white metal resembling platinum, and like it permanent +and untarnished in the air, but is more easily fusible. It is unique in +its power of occluding hydrogen, which it does to the extent of nearly +a thousand volumes, forming the alloy Pd2H. It is used for graduated +circles and verniers, for plating certain silver goods, and somewhat in +dentistry. It was so named in 1804 by Wollaston from the asteroid +Pallas, which was discovered in 1802. Symbol Pd. Atomic weight, 106.2. + +<! p. 1033 !> + +Pal*la"di*um*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Palladiumized (?); p. pr. & +vb. n. Palladiumizing (?).] To cover or coat with palladium. [R.] + +Pal"lah (?), n. (Zoˆl.) A large South African antelope (∆pyceros +melampus). The male has long lyrate and annulated horns. The general +color is bay, with a black crescent on the croup. Called also roodebok. + +Pal"las (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?;, &?;.] (Gr. Myth.) Pallas Athene, the +Grecian goddess of wisdom, called also Athene, and identified, at a +later period, with the Roman Minerva. + +Pall"bear*er (?), n. One of those who attend the coffin at a funeral; +-- so called from the pall being formerly carried by them. + +Pal"let (?), n. [OE. paillet, F. paillet a heap of straw, fr. paille +straw, fr. L. palea chaff; cf. Gr. &?; fine meal, dust, Skr. pala +straw, palva chaff. Cf. Paillasse.] A small and mean bed; a bed of +straw. Milton. + +Pal"let, n. [Dim. of pale. See Pale a stake.] (Her.) A perpendicular +band upon an escutcheon, one half the breadth of the pale. + +Pal"let, n. [F. palette: af. It. paletta; prop. and orig., a fire +shovel, dim. of L. pala a shovel, spade. See Peel a shovel.] 1. +(Paint.) Same as Palette. + +2. (Pottery) (a) A wooden implement used by potters, crucible makers, +etc., for forming, beating, and rounding their works. It is oval, +round, and of other forms. (b) A potter's wheel. + +3. (Gilding) (a) An instrument used to take up gold leaf from the +pillow, and to apply it. (b) A tool for gilding the backs of books over +the bands. + +4. (Brickmaking) A board on which a newly molded brick is conveyed to +the hack. Knight. + +5. (Mach.) (a) A click or pawl for driving a ratchet wheel. (b) One of +the series of disks or pistons in the chain pump. Knight. + +6. (Horology) One of the pieces or levers connected with the pendulum +of a clock, or the balance of a watch, which receive the immediate +impulse of the scape-wheel, or balance wheel. Brande & C. + +7. (Mus.) In the organ, a valve between the wind chest and the mouth of +a pipe or row of pipes. + +8. (Zoˆl.) One of a pair of shelly plates that protect the siphon tubes +of certain bivalves, as the Teredo. See Illust. of Teredo. + +9. A cup containing three ounces, -- &?;ormerly used by surgeons. + +Pal"li*al (?), a. [L. pallium a mantle. See Pall.] (Zoˆl.) Of or +pretaining to a mantle, especially to the mantle of mollusks; produced +by the mantle; as, the pallial line, or impression, which marks the +attachment of the mantle on the inner surface of a bivalve shell. See +Illust. of Bivalve. + +Pallial chamber (Zoˆl.), the cavity inclosed by the mantle. -- Pallial +sinus (Zoˆl.), an inward bending of the pallial line, near the +posterior end of certain bivalve shells, to receive the siphon. See +Illust. of Bivalve. + +Pal"li*a*ment (?), n. [LL. palliare to clothe, fr. L. pallium a +manltle. See Pall the garment.] A dress; a robe. [Obs.] Shak. + +Pal"liard (?), n. [F. paillard, orig., one addicted to the couch, fr. +paille straw. See Pallet a small bed.] + +1. A born beggar; a vagabond. [Obs.] Halliwell. + +2. A lecher; a lewd person. [Obs.] Dryden. + +Pal*liasse" (?), n. See Paillasse. + +Pal"li*ate (?), a. [L. palliatus, fr. pallium a cloak. See Pall the +garment.] 1. Covered with a mant&?;e; cloaked; disguised. [Obs.] Bp. +Hall. + +2. Eased; mitigated; alleviated. [Obs.] Bp. Fell. + +Pal"li*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Palliated(?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Palliating(?).] 1. To cover with a mantle or cloak; to cover up; to +hide. [Obs.] + + Being palliated with a pilgrim's coat. + + +Sir T. Herbert. + +2. To cover with excuses; to conceal the enormity of, by excuses and +apologies; to extenuate; as, to palliate faults. + + They never hide or palliate their vices. + + +Swift. + +3. To reduce in violence; to lessen or abate; to mitigate; to ease +withhout curing; as, to palliate a disease. + + To palliate dullness, and give time a shove. + + +Cowper. + +Syn. -- To cover; cloak; hide; extenuate; conceal. -- To Palliate, +Extenuate, Cloak. These words, as here compared, are used in a +figurative sense in reference to our treatment of wrong action. We +cloak in order to conceal completely. We extenuate a crime when we +endeavor to show that it is less than has been supposed; we palliate a +crime when we endeavor to cover or conceal its enormity, at least in +part. This naturally leads us to soften some of its features, and thus +palliate approaches extenuate till they have become nearly or quite +identical. "To palliate is not now used, though it once was, in the +sense of wholly cloaking or covering over, as it might be, our sins, +but in that of extenuating; to palliate our faults is not to hide them +altogether, but to seek to diminish their guilt in part." Trench. + +Pal`li*a"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. palliation.] 1. The act of palliating, or +state of being palliated; extenuation; excuse; as, the palliation of +faults, offenses, vices. + +2. Mitigation; alleviation, as of a disease. Bacon. + +3. That which cloaks or covers; disguise; also, the state of being +covered or disguised. [Obs.] + +Pal"li*a*tive (?), a. [Cf. F. palliatif.] Serving to palliate; serving +to extenuate or mitigate. + +Pal"li*a*tive (?), n. That which palliates; a palliative agent. Sir W. +Scott. + +Pal"li*a*to*ry (?), a. Palliative; extenuating. + +Pal"lid (?), a. [L. pallidus, fr. pallere to be or look pale. See pale, +a.] Deficient in color; pale; wan; as, a pallid countenance; pallid +blue. Spenser. + +Pal*lid"i*ty (?), n. Pallidness; paleness. + +Pal"lid*ly (?), adv. In a pallid manner. + +Pal"lid*ness, n. The quality or state of being pallid; paleness; +pallor; wanness. + +||Pal`li*o*bran`chi*a"ta (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zoˆl.) Same as Brachiopoda. + +Pal`li*o*bran"chi*ate (?), a. [See Pallium, and Branchia.] (Zoˆl.) +Having the pallium, or mantle, acting as a gill, as in brachiopods. + +||Pal"li*um (?), n.; pl. L. Pallia(&?;), E. Palliums (#). [L. See Pall +||the garment.] 1. (Anc. Costume) A large, square, woolen cloak which +||enveloped the whole person, worn by the Greeks and by certain Romans. +||It is the Roman name of a Greek garment. + +2. (R.C.Ch.) A band of white wool, worn on the shoulders, with four +purple crosses worked on it; a pall. + +The wool is obtained from two lambs brought to the basilica of St. +Agnes, Rome, and blessed. It is worn by the pope, and sent to +patriarchs, primates, and archbishops, as a sign that they share in the +plenitude of the episcopal office. Befoer it is sent, the pallium is +laid on the tomb of St. Peter, where it remains all night. + +3. (Zoˆl.) (a) The mantle of a bivalve. See Mantle. (b) The mantle of a +bird. + +Pall`-mall" (?), n. [OF. palemail, It. pallamagio; palla a ball (of +German origin, akin to E. ball) + magio hammer, fr. L. malleus. See lst +Ball, and Mall a beetle.] A game formerly common in England, in which a +wooden ball was driven with a mallet through an elevated hoop or ring +of iron. The name was also given to the mallet used, to the place where +the game was played, and to the street, in London, still called Pall +Mall. [Written also pail-mail and pell-mell.] Sir K. Digby. Evelyn. + +Pal*lo"ne (?), n. [It., a large ball, fr. palla ball. See Balloon.] An +Italian game, played with a large leather ball. + +Pal"lor (?), n. [L., fr. pallere to be or look pale. See Pale, a.] +Paleness; want of color; pallidity; as, pallor of the complexion. Jer. +Taylor. + +Palm (?), n. [OE. paume, F. paume, L. palma, Gr. &?;, akin to Skr. pni +hand, and E. fumble. See Fumble, Feel, and cf. 2d Palm.] 1. (Anat.) The +inner and somewhat concave part of the hand between the bases of the +fingers and the wrist. + + Clench'd her fingers till they bit the palm. + + +Tennyson. + +2. A lineal measure equal either to the breadth of the hand or to its +length from the wrist to the ends of the fingers; a hand; -- used in +measuring a horse's height. + +In Greece, the palm was reckoned at three inches. The Romans adopted +two measures of this name, the lesser palm of 2.91 inches, and the +greater palm of 8.73 inches. At the present day, this measure varies in +the most arbitrary manner, being different in each country, and +occasionally varying in the same. Internat. Cyc. + +3. (Sailmaking) A metallic disk, attached to a strap, and worn the palm +of the hand, -- used to push the needle through the canvas, in sewing +sails, etc. + +4. (Zoˆl.) The broad flattened part of an antler, as of a full-grown +fallow deer; -- so called as resembling the palm of the hand with its +protruding fingers. + +5. (Naut.) The flat inner face of an anchor fluke. + +Palm, n. [AS. palm, L. palma; -- so named fr. the leaf resembling a +hand. See lst Palm, and cf. Pam.] + +1. (Bot.) Any endogenous tree of the order PalmÊ or PalmaceÊ; a palm +tree. + +Palms are perennial woody plants, often of majestic size. The trunk is +usually erect and rarely branched, and has a roughened exterior +composed of the persistent bases of the leaf stalks. The leaves are +borne in a terminal crown, and are supported on stout, sheathing, often +prickly, petioles. They are usually of great size, and are either +pinnately or palmately many-cleft. There are about one thousand species +known, nearly all of them growing in tropical or semitropical regions. +The wood, petioles, leaves, sap, and fruit of many species are +invaluable in the arts and in domestic economy. Among the best known +are the date palm, the cocoa palm, the fan palm, the oil palm, the wax +palm, the palmyra, and the various kinds called cabbage palm and +palmetto. + +2. A branch or leaf of the palm, anciently borne or worn as a symbol of +victory or rejoicing. + + A great multitude . . . stood before the throne, and before the + Lamb, clothed with white robes, and palme in their hands. + + +Rev. vii. 9. + +3. Hence: Any symbol or token of superiority, success, or triumph; +also, victory; triumph; supremacy. "The palm of martyrdom." Chaucer. + + So get the start of the majestic world And bear the palm alone. + + +Shak. + +Molucca palm (Bot.), a labiate herb from Asia (Molucella lÊvis), having +a curious cup-shaped calyx. -- Palm cabbage, the terminal bud of a +cabbage palm, used as food. -- Palm cat (Zoˆl.), the common paradoxure. +-- Palm crab (Zoˆl.), the purse crab. -- Palm oil, a vegetable oil, +obtained from the fruit of several species of palms, as the African oil +palm (ElÊis Guineensis), and used in the manufacture of soap and +candles. See ElÊis. -- Palm swift (Zoˆl.), a small swift (Cypselus +Batassiensis) which frequents the palmyra and cocoanut palms in India. +Its peculiar nest is attached to the leaf of the palmyra palm. -- Palm +toddy. Same as Palm wine. -- Palm weevil (Zoˆl.), any one of mumerous +species of very large weevils of the genus Rhynchophorus. The larvÊ +bore into palm trees, and are called palm borers, and grugru worms. +They are considered excellent food. -- Palm wine, the sap of several +species of palms, especially, in India, of the wild date palm (Phúnix +sylvestrix), the palmyra, and the Caryota urens. When fermented it +yields by distillation arrack, and by evaporation jaggery. Called also +palm toddy. -- Palm worm, or Palmworm. (Zoˆl.) (a) The larva of a palm +weevil. (b) A centipede. + +Palm (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Palmed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Palming.] 1. +To handle. [Obs.] Prior. + +2. To manipulate with, or conceal in, the palm of the hand; to juggle. + + They palmed the trick that lost the game. + + +Prior. + +3. To impose by fraud, as by sleight of hand; to put by unfair means; +-- usually with off. + + For you may palm upon us new for old. + + +Dryden. + +Pal*ma"ceous (?), a. (Bot.) Of or pertaining to palms; of the nature +of, or resembling, palms. + +||Pal"ma Chris"ti (?). [L., palm of Christ.] (Bot.) A plant (Ricinus +||communis) with ornamental peltate and palmately cleft foliage, +||growing as a woody perennial in the tropics, and cultivated as an +||herbaceous annual in temperate regions; -- called also castor-oil +||plant. [Sometimes corrupted into palmcrist.] + +Pal"ma*cite (?), n. (Paleon.) A fossil palm. + +Pal"mar (?), a. [L. palmaris, fr. palma the palm of the hand: cf. F. +palmaire.] 1. (Anat.) Pertaining to, or corresponding with, the palm of +the hand. + +2. (Zoˆl.) Of or pertaining to the under side of the wings of birds. + +||Pal*ma"ri*um (?), n.; pl. Palmaria (#). [NL. See Palmar.] (Zoˆl.) One +||of the bifurcations of the brachial plates of a crinoid. + +Pal"ma*ry (?), a. (Anat.) Palmar. + +Pal"ma*ry, a. [L. palmarius, palmaris, belonging to palms, deserving +the palm or prize, fr. palma a palm.] Worthy of the palm; palmy; +preÎminent; superior; principal; chief; as, palmary work. Br. Horne. + +Pal"mate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of palmic acid; a ricinoleate. +[Obsoles.] + +{ Pal"mate (?), Pal"ma*ted (?), } a. [L. palmatus marked with the palm +of a hand, from palma the palm of the hand.] + +1. Having the shape of the hand; resembling a hand with the fingers +spread. + +2. (Bot.) Spreading from the apex of a petiole, as the divisions of a +leaf, or leaflets, so as to resemble the hand with outspread fingers. +Gray. + +3. (Zoˆl.) (a) Having the anterior toes united by a web, as in most +swimming birds; webbed. See Illust. (i) under Aves. (b) Having the +distal portion broad, flat, and more or less divided into lobes; -- +said of certain corals, antlers, etc. + +Pal"mate*ly (?), adv. In a palmate manner. + +Pal*mat"i*fid (?), a. [L. palmatus palmate + root of findere to split.] +(Bot.) Palmate, with the divisions separated but little more than +halfway to the common center. + +Pal*mat"i*lobed (?), a. [L. palmatus palmate + E. lobed.] (Bot.) +Palmate, with the divisions separated less than halfway to the common +center. + +{ Pal*mat"i*sect (?), Pal*mat`i*sect"ed (?), } a. [L. palmatus palmate ++ secare to cut.] (Bot.) Divided, as a palmate leaf, down to the +midrib, so that the parenchyma is interrupted. + +Palm"crist (?), n. The palma Christi. (Jonah iv. 6, margin, and Douay +version, note.) + +Palmed (?), a. Having or bearing a palm or palms. + +Palmed deer (Zoˆl.), a stag of full growth, bearing palms. See lst +Palm, 4. + +Palm"er (?), n. [From Palm, v. t.] One who palms or cheats, as at cards +or dice. + +Palm"er, n.[From Palm the tree.] A wandering religious votary; +especially, one who bore a branch of palm as a token that he had +visited the Holy Land and its sacred places. Chaucer. + + Pilgrims and palmers plighted them together. + + +P. Plowman. + + The pilgrim had some home or dwelling place, the palmer had none. + The pilgrim traveled to some certain, designed place or places, but + the palmer to all. + + +T. Staveley. + +Palm"er (?), n. 1. (Zoˆl.) A palmerworm. [Webster 1913 Suppl.] + +2. (Angling) Short for Palmer fly, an artificial fly made to imitate a +hairy caterpillar; a hackle. [Webster 1913 Suppl.] + +Palm"er*worm` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) (a) Any hairy caterpillar which appears +in great numbers, devouring herbage, and wandering about like a palmer. +The name is applied also to other voracious insects. Joel. i. 4. (b) In +America, the larva of any one of several moths, which destroys the +foliage of fruit and forest trees, esp. the larva of Ypsolophus +pometellus, which sometimes appears in vast numbers. + +Pal*mette" (?), n. [F., dim. of palme a palm.] A floral ornament, +common in Greek and other ancient architecture; -- often called the +honeysuckle ornament. + +Pal*met"to (?), n. [Dim. of palm the tree: cf. Sp. palmito.] (Bot.) A +name given to palms of several genera and species growing in the West +Indies and the Southern United States. In the United States, the name +is applied especially to the ChamÊrops, or Sabal, Palmetto, the cabbage +tree of Florida and the Carolinas. See Cabbage tree, under Cabbage. + +<! p. 1034 !> + +Royal palmetto, the West Indian Sabal umbraculifera, the trunk of +which, when hollowed, is used for water pipes, etc. The leaves are used +for thatching, and for making hats, ropes, etc. -- Saw palmetto, Sabal +serrulata, a native of Georgia, South Carolina, and Florida. The nearly +impassable jungle which it forms is called palmetto scrub. + +Pal"mic (?), a. [Cf. F. palmique.] (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or +derived from, the castor-oil plant (Ricinus communis, or Palma +Christi); -- formerly used to designate an acid now called ricinoleic +acid. [Obsoles.] + +||Pal`mi*dac"ty*les (?), n. pl. [NL. See Palm, and Dactyl.] (Zoˆl.) A +||group of wading birds having the toes webbed, as the avocet. + +Pal*mif"er*ous (?), a.[L. palmifer; palma a palm + ferre to bear: cf. +F. palmifËre.] Bearing palms. + +Pal"mi*grade (?), a. [L. palma palm of the hand + gradi to walk.] +(Zoˆl.) Putting the whole foot upon the ground in walking, as some +mammals. + +Pal"min (?), n. [From palma Christi: cf. F. palmine.] (Chem.) (a) A +white waxy or fatty substance obtained from castor oil. (b) Ricinolein. +[Obs.] + +Pal"mi*ped (?), a.[L. palmipes, -edis, broad-footed; palma the palm of +the hand + pes a foot; cf. F. palmipËde.] (Zoˆl.) Web-footed, as a +water fowl. -- n. A swimming bird; a bird having webbed feet. + +||Pal*mip"e*des (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zoˆl.) Same as Natatores. + +Pal"mis*ter (?), n. [From Palm of the hand.] One who practices +palmistry Bp. Hall. + +Pal`mis*try (?), n.[See Palmister.] 1. The art or practice of divining +or telling fortunes, or of judging of character, by the lines and marks +in the palm of the hand; chiromancy. Ascham. Cowper. + +2. A dexterous use or trick of the hand. Addison. + +Pal"mi*tate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of palmitic acid. + +Pal"mite (?), n. [From Palm.] (Bot.) A South African plant (Prionium +Palmita) of the Rush family, having long serrated leaves. The stems +have been used for making brushes. + +Pal*mit"ic (?), a. (Physiol. Chem.) Pertaining to, or obtained from, +palmitin or palm oil; as, palmitic acid, a white crystalline body +belonging to the fatty acid series. It is readily soluble in hot +alcohol, and melts to a liquid oil at 62∞ C. + +Pal"mi*tin (?), n. [So called because abundant in palm oil.] (Physiol. +Chem.) A solid crystallizable fat, found abundantly in animals and in +vegetables. It occurs mixed with stearin and olein in the fat of animal +tissues, with olein and butyrin in butter, with olein in olive oil, +etc. Chemically, it is a glyceride of palmitic acid, three molecules of +palmitic acid being united to one molecule of glyceryl, and hence it is +technically called tripalmitin, or glyceryl tripalmitate. + +Pal`mi*tol"ic (?), a. [Palmitic + -oleic + ic.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, +or designating, an artificial acid of the oleic acid series, isomeric +with linoleic acid. + +Pal"mi*tone (?), n. (Chem.) The ketone of palmitic acid. + +Palm" Sun`day (?). (Eccl.) The Sunday next before Easter; -- so called +in commemoration of our Savior's triumphal entry into Jerusalem, when +the multitude strewed palm branches in the way. + +Palm"y (?), a. 1. Bearing palms; abounding in palms; derived from +palms; as, a palmy shore. Pope. + + His golden sands and palmy wine. + + +Goldsmith. + +2. Worthy of the palm; flourishing; prosperous. + + In the most high and palmy state of Rome. + + +Shak. + +Pal*my"ra (?), n. (Bot.) A species of palm (Borassus flabelliformis) +having a straight, black, upright trunk, with palmate leaves. It is +found native along the entire northern shores of the Indian Ocean, from +the mouth of the Tigris to New Guinea. More than eight hundred uses to +which it is put are enumerated by native writers. Its wood is largely +used for building purposes; its fruit and roots serve for food, its sap +for making toddy, and its leaves for thatching huts. + +Pa*lo"la (?), n. [Fr. the native name.] (Zoˆl.) An annelid (Palola +viridis) which, at certain seasons of the year, swarms at the surface +of the sea about some of the Pacific Islands, where it is collected for +food. + +||Pa`lo*me"ta (?), n. (Zoˆl.) A pompano. + +Palp (plp), n. [Cf. F. palpe. See Palpable.] (Zoˆl.) Same as Palpus. + +Palp, v. t. [L. palpare: cf. F. palper.] To have a distinct touch or +feeling of; to feel. [Obs.] + + To bring a palpËd darkness o'er the earth. + + +Heywood. + +Pal`pa*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality of being palpable, or perceptible +by the touch. Arbuthnot. + +Pal"pa*ble (?), a. [F. palpable, L. palpabilis, fr. palpare to feel, +stroke; cf. palpus the soft palm of the hand.] 1. Capable of being +touched and felt; perceptible by the touch; as, a palpable form. Shak. + + Darkness must overshadow all his bounds, Palpable darkness. + + +Milton. + +2. Easily perceptible; plain; distinct; obvious; readily perceived and +detected; gross; as, palpable imposture; palpable absurdity; palpable +errors. "Three persons palpable." P. Plowman. + + [Lies] gross as a mountain, open, palpable. + + +Shak. + +-- Pal"pa*ble*ness, n. -- Pal"pa*bly, adv. + +Pal*pa"tion (?), n. [L. palpatio, fr. palpare. See Palpable.] 1. Act of +touching or feeling. + +2. (Med.) Examination of a patient by touch. Quain. + +||Pal*pa"tor (?), n. [L., a stroker.] (Zoˆl.) One of a family of +||clavicorn beetles, including those which have very long maxillary +||palpi. + +||Pal"pe*bra (?), n.; pl. PalpebrÊ (#). [L.] (Zoˆl.) The eyelid. + +Pal"pe*bral (?), a. [L. palpebralis, fr. palpebra: cf. F. palpÈbral.] +Of or pertaining to the eyelids. + +Pal"pe*brate (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Having eyelids. + +Palped (plpt), a. (Zoˆl.) Having a palpus. + +||Pal"pi (pl"p), n., pl. of Palpus. (Zoˆl.) See Palpus. + +Pal"pi*corn (?), n. [See Palpus, and Cornu.] (Zoˆl.) One of a group of +aquatic beetles (Palpicornia) having short club-shaped antennÊ, and +long maxillary palpi. + +Pal"pi*fer (?), n. [Palpus + L. ferre to bear.] (Zoˆl.) Same as +Palpiger. + +Pal"pi*form (?), a. [Palpus + -form: cf. F. palpiforme.] (Zoˆl.) Having +the form of a palpus. + +Pal"pi*ger (?), n. [See Palpigerous.] (Zoˆl.) That portion of the +labium which bears the palpi in insects. + +Pal*pig"er*ous (?), a. [Palpus + -gerous.] (Zoˆl.) Bearing a palpus. +Kirby. + +Pal"pi*tant (?), a. [L. palpitans, p. pr.] Palpitating; throbbing; +trembling. Carlyle. + +Pal"pi*tate (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Palpitated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Palpitating(?).] [L. palpitare, palpitatum, v. intens. fr. pappare. See +Palpable.] To beat rapidly and more strongly than usual; to throb; to +bound with emotion or exertion; to pulsate violently; to flutter; -- +said specifically of the heart when its action is abnormal, as from +excitement. + +Pal`pi*ta"tion (?), n. [L. palpitatio: cf. F. palpitation.] A rapid +pulsation; a throbbing; esp., an abnormal, rapid beating of the heart +as when excited by violent exertion, strong emotion, or by disease. + +Palp"less (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Without a palpus. + +Pal"po*cil (?), n. [See Palpus, and Cilium.] (Zoˆl.) A minute soft +filamentary process springing from the surface of certain hydroids and +sponges. + +||Pal"pus (?), n.; pl. Palpi (#). [NL. See Palp.] (Zoˆl.) A feeler; +||especially, one of the jointed sense organs attached to the mouth +||organs of insects, arachnids, crustaceans, and annelids; as, the +||mandibular palpi, maxillary palpi, and labial palpi. The palpi of +||male spiders serve as sexual organs. Called also palp. See Illust. of +||Arthrogastra and Orthoptera. + +Pals"grave` (?), n. [D. paltsgraaf; palts palace (l. palatium) + graaf +count; cf. G. pfalzgraf. See Palace, and Landgrave.] (Ger. Hist.) A +count or earl who presided in the domestic court, and had the +superintendence, of a royal household in Germany. + +Pals"gra*vine` (?), n.[D. paltsgravin: cf. G. pfalzgrafin.] The consort +or widow of a palsgrave. + +Pal"si*cal (?), a.[From Palsy.] Affected with palsy; palsied; +paralytic. [R.] Johnson. + +Pal"sied (?), a. Affected with palsy; paralyzed. + +Pal"stave` (?), n. [Dan. paalstav.] A peculiar bronze adz, used in +prehistoric Europe about the middle of the bronze age. Dawkins. + +Pal"ster (?), n. [D. palsterstaf.] A pilgrim's staff. [Obs.] Halliwell. + +Pal"sy (?), n.; pl. Palsies (#). [OE. palesie, parlesy, OF. paralesie, +F. paralysie, L. paralysis. See Paralysis.] (Med.) Paralysis, complete +or partial. See Paralysis. "One sick of the palsy." Mark ii. 3. + +Bell's palsy, paralysis of the facial nerve, producing distortion of +one side of the face; -- so called from Sir Charles Bell, an English +surgeon who described it. -- Scrivener's palsy. See Writer's cramp, +under Writer. -- Shaking palsy, paralysis agitans, a disease usually +occurring in old people, characterized by muscular tremors and a +peculiar shaking and tottering gait. + +Pal"sy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Palsied (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Palsying.] To +affect with palsy, or as with palsy; to deprive of action or energy; to +paralyze. + +Pal"sy*wort` (?), n. (Bot.) The cowslip (Primula veris); -- so called +from its supposed remedial powers. Dr. Prior. + +Pal"ter (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Paltered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Paltering.] [See Paltry.] 1. To haggle. [Obs.] Cotgrave. + +2. To act in insincere or deceitful manner; to play false; to +equivocate; to shift; to dodge; to trifle. + + Romans, that have spoke the word, And will not palter. + + +Shak. + + Who never sold the truth to serve the hour, Nor paltered with + eternal God for power. + + +Tennyson. + +3. To babble; to chatter. [Obs.] + +Pal"ter, v. t. To trifle with; to waste; to squander in paltry ways or +on worthless things. [Obs.] "Palter out your time in the penal +statutes." Beau. & Fl. + +Pal"ter*er (?), n. One who palters. Johnson. + +Pal"ter*ly, a. & adv. Paltry; shabby; shabbily; paltrily. [Obs. or +Prov. Eng.] "In palterly clothes." Pepys. + +Pal"tock (?), n. [See Paletot.] A kind of doublet; a jacket. [Obs.] +Piers Plowman. + +Pal"tri*ly (?), adv. In a paltry manner. + +Pal"tri*ness, n. The state or quality of being paltry. + +Pal"try (?), a. [Compar. Paltrier (&?;); superl. Paltriest.] [Cf. Prov. +E. paltry refuse, rubbish, LG. paltering ragged, palte, palter, a rag, +a tatter, Dan. pialt, Sw. palta, pl. paltor.] Mean; vile; worthless; +despicable; contemptible; pitiful; trifling; as, a paltry excuse; +paltry gold. Cowper. + + The paltry prize is hardly worth the cost. + + +Byron. + +Syn. -- See Contemptible. + +Pa*lu"dal (?), a. [L. palus, - udis, a marsh.] Of or pertaining to +marshes or fens; marshy. [R.] + +Paludal fever, malarial fever; -- so called because generated in marshy +districts. + +Pa*lu"da*ment (?), n. See Paludamentum. + +||Pa*lu`da*men*tum (?), n.; pl. Paladumenta (&?;). (Rom. Antiq.) A +||military cloak worn by a general and his principal officers. + +||Pal`u*dic"o*lÊ (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. L. palus, -udis, a marsh + +||colere to inhabit.] (Zoˆl.) A division of birds, including the +||cranes, rails, etc. + +Pa*lu"di*cole (?), a. [Cf. F. paludicole.] (Zoˆl.) Marsh-inhabiting; +belonging to the PaludicolÊ + +||Pal`u*di"na (?), n.; pl. L. PaludinÊ (#), E. Paludinas (#). [NL., fr. +||L. palus, -udis, a marsh, pool.] (Zoˆl.) Any one of numerous species +||of freshwater pectinibranchiate mollusks, belonging to Paludina, +||Melantho, and allied genera. They have an operculated shell which is +||usually green, often with brown bands. See Illust. of Pond snail, +||under Pond. + +Pal`u*di"nal (?), a. Inhabiting ponds or swamps. + +Pal"u*dine (?), a. [L. palus, -udis, a marsh.] Of or pertaining to a +marsh. Buckland. + +Pa*lu"di*nous (?), a. 1. (Zoˆl.) (a) Paludinal. (b) Like or pertaining +to the genus Paludina. + +2. Of or pertaining to a marsh or fen. [R.] + +Pa*lu"dism (?), n. (Med.) The morbid phenomena produced by dwelling +among marshes; malarial disease or disposition. + +Pal"u*dose` (?), a.[L. paludosus marshy.] Growing or living in marshy +places; marshy. + +Pal"ule (?), n. (Zoˆl.) See Palulus or Palus. + +||Pal"u*lus (?), n.; pl. Paluli (#). [NL., dim. of L. palus a stake.] +||(Zoˆl.) Same as Palus. + +||Pa"lus (?), n.; pl. Pali (#). [L., a stake.] (Zoˆl.) One of several +||upright slender calcareous processes which surround the central part +||of the calicle of certain corals. + +Pa*lus"tral (?), a. [L. paluster, -ustris.] Of or pertaining to a bog +or marsh; boggy. [R.] + +Pa*lus"trine (?), a. Of, pertaining to, or living in, a marsh or swamp; +marshy. + +Pal"y (?), a. [From Pale, a.] Pale; wanting color; dim. [Poetic] Shak. +Whittier. + +Pal"y, a. [Cf. F. palÈ. See Pale a stake.] (Her.) Divided into four or +more equal parts by perpendicular lines, and of two different tinctures +disposed alternately. + +Pam (?), n. [From Palm victory; cf. trump, fr. triumph.] The knave of +clubs. [Obs.] Pope. + +Pa"ment (?), n. A pavement. [Obs.] Chaucer. + +||Pam"pa*no (?), n. [Sp.] (Zoˆl.) Same as Pompano. + +Pam"pas (?), n. pl. [Sp., fr. Peruv. pampa a field, plain.] Vast plains +in the central and southern part of the Argentine Republic in South +America. The term is sometimes used in a wider sense for the plains +extending from Bolivia to Southern Patagonia. + +Pampas cat (Zoˆl.), a South American wild cat (Felis pajeros). It has +oblique transverse bands of yellow or brown. It is about three and a +half feet long. Called also straw cat. -- Pampas deer (Zoˆl.), a small, +reddish-brown, South American deer (Cervus, or Blastocerus, +campestris). -- Pampas grass (Bot.), a very tall ornamental grass +(Gynerium argenteum) with a silvery-white silky panicle. It is a native +of the pampas of South America. + +Pam"per (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pampered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Pampering.] [Cf. LG. pampen, slampampen, to live luxuriously, pampe +thick pap, and E. pap.] + +1. To feed to the full; to feed luxuriously; to glut; as, to pamper the +body or the appetite. "A body . . . pampered for corruption." Dr. T. +Dwight. + +2. To gratify inordinately; to indulge to excess; as, to pamper pride; +to pamper the imagination. South. + +Pam"pered (?), a. Fed luxuriously; indulged to the full; hence, +luxuriant. "Pampered boughs." Milton. "Pampered insolence." Pope. -- +Pam"pered*ness, n. Bp. Hall. + +Pam"per*er (?), n. One who, or that which, pampers. Cowper. + +Pam"per*ize (?), v. t. To pamper. [R.] Sydney Smith. + +||Pam*pe"ro (?), n.[Sp., fr. pampa a plain.] A violent wind from the +||west or southwest, which sweeps over the pampas of South America and +||the adjacent seas, often doing great damage. Sir W. Parish. + +Pam*pe"ros (?), n. pl.; sing. Pampero (&?;). [Sp. American.] (Ethnol.) +A tribe of Indians inhabiting the pampas of South America. + +Pam"phlet (?), n. [OE. pamflet, pamfilet, paunflet, possibly fr. OF. +palme the palm of the hand, F. paume (see Palm) + OF. fueillet a leaf, +dim. of fueil, m., F. feuille, f., fr. L. folium, pl. folia, thus +meaning, a leaf to be held in the hand; or perh. through old French, +fr. L. Pamphila, a female historian of the first century who wrote many +epitomes; prob., however, fr. OF. Pamflette, the Old French name given +to Pamphilus, a poem in Latin verse of the 12th century, pamphlets +being named from the popularity of this poem.] 1. A writing; a book. +Testament of love. + + Sir Thomas More in his pamphlet of Richard the Third. + + +Ascham. + +2. A small book consisting of a few sheets of printed paper, stitched +together, often with a paper cover, but not bound; a short essay or +written discussion, usually on a subject of current interest. + +<! p. 1035 !> + +Pam"phlet (?), v. i. To write a pamphlet or pamphlets. [R.] Howell. + +Pam`phlet*eer" (?), n. A writer of pamphlets; a scribbler. Dryden. +Macaulay. + +Pam`phlet*eer", v. i. To write or publish pamphlets. + + By pamphleteering we shall not win. + + +C. Kingsley. + +Pam*pin"i*form (?), a. [L. pampinus a tendril + -form.] (Anat.) In the +form of tendrils; -- applied especially to the spermatic and ovarian +veins. + +Pam"pre (?), n. [F. pampre a vine branch, L. pampinus.] (Sculp.) An +ornament, composed of vine leaves and bunches of grapes, used for +decorating spiral columns. + +Pam`pro*dac"tyl*ous (?), a. [Pan- + Gr. &?; forward + &?; finger.] +(Zoˆl.) Having all the toes turned forward, as the colies. + +{ Pan- (?), Pan"ta- (?), Pan"to- (?) }. [Gr. &?;, m., &?;,neut., gen. +&?;, all.] Combining forms signifying all, every; as, panorama, +pantheism, pantagraph, pantograph. Pan- becomes pam- before b or p, as +pamprodactylous. + +Pan, n. [OE. See 2d Pane.] 1. A part; a portion. + +2. (Fort.) The distance comprised between the angle of the epaule and +the flanked angle. + +3. [Perh. a different word.] A leaf of gold or silver. + +Pan, v. t. & i. [Cf. F. pan skirt, lappet, L. pannus a cloth, rag, W. +panu to fur, to full.] To join or fit together; to unite. [Obs.] +Halliwell. + +Pan (?), n. [Hind. pn, Skr. parna leaf.] The betel leaf; also, the +masticatory made of the betel leaf, etc. See &?;etel. + +||Pan (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?;.] (Gr. Myth.) The god of shepherds, +||guardian of bees, and patron of fishing and hunting. He is usually +||represented as having the head and trunk of a man, with the legs, +||horns, and tail of a goat, and as playing on the shepherd's pipe, +||which he is said to have invented. + +Pan, n. [OE. panne, AS. panne; cf. D. pan, G. pfanne, OHG. pfanna, +Icel., Sw., LL., & Ir. panna, of uncertain origin; cf. L. patina, E. +paten.] 1. A shallow, open dish or vessel, usually of metal, employed +for many domestic uses, as for setting milk for cream, for frying or +baking food, etc.; also employed for various uses in manufacturing. "A +bowl or a pan." Chaucer. + +2. (Manuf.) A closed vessel for boiling or evaporating. See Vacuum pan, +under Vacuum. + +3. The part of a flintlock which holds the priming. + +4. The skull, considered as a vessel containing the brain; the upper +part of the head; the brainpan; the cranium. Chaucer. + +5. (C&?;rp.) A recess, or bed, for the leaf of a hinge. + +6. The hard stratum of earth that lies below the soil. See Hard pan, +under Hard. + +7. A natural basin, containing salt or fresh water, or mud. + +Flash in the pan. See under Flash. -- To savor of the pan, to suggest +the process of cooking or burning; in a theological sense, to be +heretical. Ridley. Southey. + +Pan, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Panned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Panning.] (Mining) +To separate, as gold, from dirt or sand, by washing in a kind of pan. +[U. S.] + + We . . . witnessed the process of cleaning up and panning out, + which is the last process of separating the pure gold from the fine + dirt and black sand. + + +Gen. W. T. Sherman. + +Pan, v. i. 1. (Mining) To yield gold in, or as in, the process of +panning; -- usually with out; as, the gravel panned out richly. + +2. To turn out (profitably or unprofitably); to result; to develop; as, +the investigation, or the speculation, panned out poorly. [Slang, U. +S.] + +Pan"a*base (?), n. [Pan- + base. So called in allusion to the number of +metals contained in it.] (Min.) Same as Tetrahedrite. + +Pan`a*ce"a (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?; all-healing; &?;, &?;, all ++ &?; to heal.] + +1. A remedy for all diseases; a universal medicine; a cure-all; +catholicon; hence, a relief or solace for affliction. + +2. (Bot.) The herb allheal. + +Pan`a*ce"an (?), a. Having the properties of a panacea. [R.] "Panacean +dews." Whitehead. + +Pa*nache" (?), n. [F., fr. L. penna a feather. See Pen a feather.] A +plume or bunch of feathers, esp. such a bunch worn on the helmet; any +military plume, or ornamental group of feathers. + + A panache of variegated plumes. + + +Prescott. + +{ Pa*na"da (?), Pa*nade" (?), } n. [Sp. panada, fr. L. panis bread: cf. +F. panade. See Pantry.] Bread boiled in water to the consistence of +pulp, and sweetened or flavored. [Written also panado.] + +Pa*nade" (?), n. A dagger. [Obs.] Chaucer. + +Pan`a*ma" hat` (?). A fine plaited hat, made in Central America of the +young leaves of a plant (Carludovica palmata). + +Pan`-A*mer"i*can (?), a. [See Pan- .] Of or pertaining to both North +and South America. + +Pan`-An"gli*can (?), a. [Pan- + Anglican.] (Eccl.) Belonging to, or +representing, the whole Church of England; used less strictly, to +include the Protestant Episcopal Church of the United States; as, the +Pan- Anglican Conference at Lambeth, in 1888. + +Pan"a*ry (?), a. [L. panis bread.] Of or pertaining to bread or to +breadmaking. + +Pan"a*ry, n. A storehouse for bread. Halliwell. + +Pan"cake` (?), n. A thin cake of batter fried in a pan or on a griddle; +a griddlecake; a flapjack. "A pancake for Shrove Tuesday." Shak. + +Pan"carte` (?), n. [F., fr. LL. pancharta. See Pan-, and Carte.] A +royal charter confirming to a subject all his possessions. [Obs.] +Holinshed. + +Pance (?), n. (Bot.) The pansy. [Also paunce.] + +Panch (?), n. (Naut.) See Paunch. + +Panch"way (?), n. [Hind. pan&?;oi.] (Naut.) A Bengalese four-oared boat +for passengers. [Written also panshway and paunchwas.] Malcom. + +Pan*cra"tian (?), a. Pancratic; athletic. + +Pan*cra"ti*ast (?), n. One who engaged in the contests of the +pancratium. + +Pan*cra`ti*as"tic (?), a. Of or pertaining to the pancratium. G. West. + +Pan*crat"ic (?), a. [Gr. &?; all- powerful.] (Opt.) Having all or many +degrees of power; having a great range of power; -- said of an eyepiece +made adjustable so as to give a varying magnifying power. + +{ Pan*crat"ic (?), Pan*crat"ic*al (?), } a. [See Pancratium.] Of or +pertaining to the pancratium; athletic. Sir T. Browne + +Pan"cra*tist (?), n. An athlete; a gymnast. + +||Pan*cra"ti*um (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?; a complete contest, fr. &?; +||all-powerful; &?;, &?;, all + &?; strength.] + +1. (Gr. Antiq.) An athletic contest involving both boxing and +wrestling. + +2. (Bot.) A genus of Old World amaryllideous bulbous plants, having a +funnel-shaped perianth with six narrow spreading lobes. The American +species are now placed in the related genus Hymenocallis. + +Pan"cre*as (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;; &?;, &?;, all + &?; flesh, meat: +cf. F. pancrÈas.] (Anat.) The sweetbread, a gland connected with the +intestine of nearly all vertebrates. It is usually elongated and +light-colored, and its secretion, called the pancreatic juice, is +discharged, often together with the bile, into the upper part of the +intestines, and is a powerful aid in digestion. See Illust. of +Digestive apparatus. + +Pan`cre*at"ic (?), a. [Cf. F. pancrÈatique.] (Anat.) Of or pertaining +to the pancreas; as, the pancreatic secretion, digestion, ferments. + +Pancreatic juice (Physiol.), a colorless alkaline fluid secreted +intermittently by the pancreatic gland. It is one of the most important +of the digestive fluids, containing at least three distinct ferments, +trypsin, steapsin and an amylolytic ferment, by which it acts upon all +three classes of food stuffs. See Pancreas. + +Pan"cre*a*tin (?), n. [See Pancreas.] (Physiol. Chem.) One of the +digestive ferments of the pancreatic juice; also, a preparation +containing such a ferment, made from the pancreas of animals, and used +in medicine as an aid to digestion. + +By some the term pancreatin is restricted to the amylolytic ferment of +the pancreatic juice, by others it is applied to trypsin, and by still +others to steapsin. + +Pan"cy (?), n. See Pansy. [Obs.] Dryden. + +Pan"da (?), n. (Zoˆl.) A small Asiatic mammal (Ailurus fulgens) having +fine soft fur. It is related to the bears, and inhabits the mountains +of Northern India. + +||Pan*da"nus (?), n. [NL., fr. Malay pandan.] (Bot.) A genus of +||endogenous plants. See Screw pine. + +Pan"dar (?), n. Same as Pander. "Seized by the pandar of Appius." +Macaulay. + +Pan"dar*ism (?), n. Same as Panderism. Swift. + +Pan"dar*ize (?), v. i. To pander. [Obs.] + +Pan"dar*ous (?), a. Panderous. [Obs.] + +Pan*de"an, a. [From 4th Pan.] Of or relating to the god Pan. + +Pandean pipes, a primitive wind instrument, consisting of a series of +short hollow reeds or pipes, graduated in length by the musical scale, +and fastened together side by side; a syrinx; a mouth organ; -- said to +have been invented by Pan. Called also Pan's pipes and Panpipes. + +Pan"dect (?), n. [L. pandecta, pandectes, Gr. &?; all-receiving, +all-containing; &?;, &?;, all + &?; to receive: cf. F. pandectes, pl.] +1. A treatise which comprehends the whole of any science. + + [Thou] a pandect mak'st, and universal book. + + +Donne. + +2. pl. The digest, or abridgment, in fifty books, of the decisions, +writings, and opinions of the old Roman jurists, made in the sixth +century by direction of the emperor Justinian, and forming the leading +compilation of the Roman civil law. Kent. + +Pan*dem"ic (?), a. [L. pandemus, Gr. &?;, &?;; &?;, &?;, all + &?; the +people: cf. F. pandÈmique.] Affecting a whole people or a number of +countries; everywhere epidemic. -- n. A pandemic disease. Harvey. + +Pan`de*mo"ni*um (?), n. [NL., from Gr. &?;, &?;, all + &?; a demon.] 1. +The great hall or council chamber of demons or evil spirits. Milton. + +2. An utterly lawless, riotous place or assemblage. + +Pan"der (?), n. [From Pandarus, a leader in the Trojan army, who is +represented by Chaucer and Shakespeare as having procured for Troilus +the possession of Cressida.] + +1. A male bawd; a pimp; a procurer. + + Thou art the pander to her dishonor. + + +Shak. + +2. Hence, one who ministers to the evil designs and passions of +another. + + Those wicked panders to avarice and ambition. + + +Burke. + +Pan"der, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pandered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pandering.] +To play the pander for. + +Pan"der, v. i. To act the part of a pander. + +Pan"der*age (?), n. The act of pandering. + +Pan"der*ism (?), n. The employment, arts, or practices of a pander. Bp. +Hall. + +Pan"der*ly, a. Having the quality of a pander. "O, you panderly +rascals." Shak. + +Pan*der"mite (?), n. [From Panderma, a port on the Black Sea from which +it is exported.] (Min.) A hydrous borate of lime, near priceite. + +Pan"der*ous (?), a. Of or relating to a pander; characterizing a +pander. + +Pan*dic"u*la`ted (?), a. [See Pandiculation.] Extended; spread out; +stretched. + +Pan*dic`u*la"tion (?), n. [L. pandiculari to stretch one's self, fr. +pandere to spread out.] A stretching and stiffening of the trunk and +extremities, as when fatigued and drowsy. + +Pan"dit (?), n. See Pundit. + +Pan"door (?), n. Same as Pandour. + +Pan*do"ra (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. Pandw`ra; pa^s, pa^n, all + dw^ron a +gift.] 1. (Class. Myth.) A beautiful woman (all-gifted), whom Jupiter +caused Vulcan to make out of clay in order to punish the human race, +because Prometheus had stolen the fire from heaven. Jupiter gave +Pandora a box containing all human ills, which, when the box was +opened, escaped and spread over the earth. Hope alone remained in the +box. Another version makes the box contain all the blessings of the +gods, which were lost to men when Pandora opened it. + +2. (Zoˆl.) A genus of marine bivalves, in which one valve is flat, the +other convex. + +Pan"dore (?), n. [F. See Bandore.] An ancient musical instrument, of +the lute kind; a bandore. [Written also pandoran.] + +Pan"dour (?), n. One of a class of Hungarian mountaineers serving in +the Austrian army; -- so called from Pandur, a principal town in the +region from which they originally came. [Written also pandoor.] + + Her whiskered pandours and her fierce hussars. + + +Campbell. + +Pan*dow"dy (?), n. A deep pie or pudding made of baked apples, or of +sliced bread and apples baked together, with no bottom crust. + +{ Pan"du*rate, Pan*du"ri*form (?), } a. [L. pandura a pandore + -form: +cf. F. panduriforme.] Obovate, with a concavity in each side, like the +body of a violin; fiddle-shaped; as, a panduriform leaf; panduriform +color markings of an animal. + +Pane (?), n. [F. panne.] The narrow edge of a hammer head. See Peen. + +Pane, n. [OE. pan part, portion of a thing, F. pan a skirt, lappet, +part or piece of a wall, side, fr. L. pannus a cloth, fillet, rag; akin +to E. vane. See Vane, and cf. Panel, Pawn pledge.] 1. A division; a +distinct piece, limited part, or compartment of any surface; a patch; +hence, a square of a checkered or plaided pattern. + +2. One of the openings in a slashed garment, showing the bright colored +silk, or the like, within; hence, the piece of colored or other stuff +so shown. + +3. (Arch.) (a) A compartment of a surface, or a flat space; hence, one +side or face of a building; as, an octagonal tower is said to have +eight panes. (b) Especially, in modern use, the glass in one +compartment of a window sash. + +4. In irrigating, a subdivision of an irrigated surface between a +feeder and an outlet drain. + +5. (a) One of the flat surfaces, or facets, of any object having +several sides. (b) One of the eight facets surrounding the table of a +brilliant cut diamond. + +Paned (?), a. 1. Having panes; provided with panes; also, having +openings; as, a paned window; paned window sash. "Paned hose." +Massinger. + +2. (Mach.) Having flat sides or surfaces; as, a six&?;paned nut. + +Pan`e*gyr"ic (?), n. [L. panegyricus, Gr. panhgyrico`s: cf. F. +panÈgyrique. See Panegyric, a.] An oration or eulogy in praise of some +person or achievement; a formal or elaborate encomium; a laudatory +discourse; laudation. See Synonym of Eulogy. + +{ Pan`e*gyr"ic (?), Pan`e*gyr"ic*al (?), } a. [L. panegyricus, Gr. +panhgyrico`s, from &?; an assembly of the people, a high festival; pa^, +pa^n all + &?;, an assembly.] Containing praise or eulogy; encomiastic; +laudatory. "Panegyric strains." Pope. -- Pan`e*gyr"ic*al*ly, adv. + + Some of his odes are panegyrical. + + +Dryden. + +Pa*neg"y*ris (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;. See Panegyric.] A festival; a +public assembly. [Obs.] S. Harris. + +Pan"e*gyr`ist (?), n. [L. panegyrista, Gr. &?; one who attends a &?;: +cf. &?; to celebrate or attend a public festival, to make a set speech, +esp. a panegyric, in a public assembly. See Panegyric.] One who +delivers a panegyric; a eulogist; one who extols or praises, either by +writing or speaking. + + If these panegyrists are in earnest. + + +Burke. + +Pan"e*gy*rize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Panegyrized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Panegyrizing (?).] [Gr. &?;. See Panegyrist.] To praise highly; to +extol in a public speech; to write or deliver a panegyric upon; to +eulogize. + +Pan"e*gy*rize, v. i. To indulge in panegyrics. Mitford. + +Pan"e*gyr`y (?), n. A panegyric. [Obs.] Milton. + +Pan"el (?), n. [Orig., a little piece; OF. panel, pannel, F. panneau, +dim. of pan skirt, lappet, part or piece of a wall, side. See 2d Pane.] +1. (Arch.) A sunken compartment with raised margins, molded or +otherwise, as in ceilings, wainscotings, etc. + +<! p. 1036 !> + +2. (Law) (a) A piece of parchment or a schedule, containing the names +of persons summoned as jurors by the sheriff; hence, more generally, +the whole jury. Blackstone. (b) (Scots Law) A prisoner arraigned for +trial at the bar of a criminal court. Burrill. + +3. Formerly, a piece of cloth serving as a saddle; hence, a soft pad +beneath a saddletree to prevent chafing. + +4. (Joinery) A board having its edges inserted in the groove of a +surrounding frame; as, the panel of a door. + +5. (Masonry) One of the faces of a hewn stone. Gwilt. + +6. (Painting) A slab or plank of wood upon which, instead of canvas, a +picture is painted. + +7. (Mining) (a) A heap of dressed ore. (b) One of the districts divided +by pillars of extra size, into which a mine is laid off in one system +of extracting coal. + +8. (Dressmaking) A plain strip or band, as of velvet or plush, placed +at intervals lengthwise on the skirt of a dress, for ornament. + +9. A portion of a framed structure between adjacent posts or struts, as +in a bridge truss. + +Panel game, a method of stealing money in a panel house. -- Panel +house, a house of prostitution in which the rooms have secret entrances +to facilitate theft by accomplices of the inmates. -- Panel saw, +handsaw with fine teeth, -- used for cutting out panels, etc. -- Panel +thief, one who robs in a panel house. + +Pan"el (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Paneled (?) or Panelled; p. pr. & vb. +n. Paneling or Panelling.] To form in or with panels; as, to panel a +wainscot. + +Paneled back (Arch.), the paneled work covering the window back. See +Window back. + +Pan`el*a"tion (?), n. The act of impaneling a jury. [Obs.] [Written +also panellation.] Wood. + +Pane"less (?), a. Without panes. + + To patch his paneless window. + + +Shenstone. + +Pan"el*ing (?), n. A forming in panels; panelwork. [Written also +panelling.] + +Pan"el*work` (?), n. (Arch.) Wainscoting. + +Pan*eu"lo*gism (?), n. [See Pan-, Eulogy.] Eulogy of everything; +indiscriminate praise. [R.] + + Her book has a trace of the cant of paneulogism. + + +National Rev. + +Pan"ful (?), n.; pl. Panfuls (#). [See 5th Pan.] Enough to fill a pan. + +Pang (?), n. [Prob. for older prange. Cf. Prong.] A paroxysm of extreme +pain or anguish; a sudden and transitory agony; a throe; as, the pangs +of death. + +Syn. -- Agony; anguish; distress. See Agony. + +Pang, v. t. To torture; to cause to have great pain or suffering; to +torment. [R.] Shak. + +Pan*gen"e*sis (?), n. [Pan- + genesis.] (Biol.) An hypothesis advanced +by Darwin in explanation of heredity. + +The theory rests on the assumption, that the whole organization, in the +sense of every separate atom or unit, reproduces itself, the cells +throwing off minute granules called gemmules, which circulate freely +throughout the system and multiply by subdivision. These gemmules +collect in the reproductive organs and products, or in buds, so that +the egg or bud contains gemmules from all parts of the parent or +parents, which in development give rise to cells in the offspring +similar to those from which they were given off in the parent. The +hypothesis also assumes that these gemmules need not in all cases +develop into cells, but may lie dormant, and be transmitted from +generation to generation without producing a noticeable effect until a +case of atavism occurs. + +Pan`ge*net"ic (?), a. (Biol.) Of or pertaining to pangenesis. + +Pang"ful (?), a. Full of pangs. Richardson. + +Pang"less, a. Without a pang; painless. Byron. + +Pan"go*lin (?), n. [Malay pang&?;lang.] (Zoˆl.) Any one of several +species of Manis, Pholidotus, and related genera, found in Africa and +Asia. They are covered with imbricated scales, and feed upon ants. +Called also scaly ant-eater. + +Pan*goth"ic (?), a. [Pan- + Gothic.] Of, pertaining to, or including, +all the Gothic races. "Ancestral Pangothic stock." Earle. + +Pan`hel*len"ic (?), a. [See Panhellenium.] Of or pertaining to all +Greece, or to Panhellenism; including all Greece, or all the Greeks. + +Pan*hel"len*ism (?), n. A scheme to unite all the Greeks in one +political body. + +Pan*hel"len*ist, n. An advocate of Panhellenism. + +Pan`hel*le"ni*um (?), n. [NL., from Gr. &?;; &?;, &?;, all + &?; the +Greeks.] (Gr. Antiq.) An assembly or association of Greeks from all the +states of Greece. + +Pan"ic (?), n. [L. panicum.] (Bot.) A plant of the genus Panicum; panic +grass; also, the edible grain of some species of panic grass. + +Panic grass (Bot.), any grass of the genus Panicum. + +Pan"ic, a. [Gr. &?; of or pertaining to &?; Pan, to whom the causing of +sudden fright was ascribed: cf. F. panique.] Extreme or sudden and +causeless; unreasonable; - - said of fear or fright; as, panic fear, +terror, alarm. "A panic fright." Dryden. + +Pan"ic, n. [Gr. &?; (with or without &?; fear): cf. F. panigue. See +Panic, a.] 1. A sudden, overpowering fright; esp., a sudden and +groundless fright; terror inspired by a trifling cause or a +misapprehension of danger; as, the troops were seized with a panic; +they fled in a panic. + +2. By extension: A sudden widespread fright or apprehension concerning +financial affairs. + +Pan"ic*al (?), a. See Panic, a. [Obs.] Camden. + +Pan"i*cle (?), n. [L. panicula a tuft on plants, dim. of panus the +thread wound upon the bobbin in a shuttle; cf. Gr. &?;, &?;; prob. akin +to E. pane: cf. F. panicule. See 2d Pane.] (Bot.) A pyramidal form of +inflorescence, in which the cluster is loosely branched below and +gradually simpler toward the end. + +Pan"i*cled (?), a. (Bot.) Furnished with panicles; arranged in, or +like, panicles; paniculate. + +{ Pan"ic-strick`en (?), Pan"ic-struck` (?) }, a. Struck with a panic, +or sudden fear. Burke. + +{ Pa*nic"u*late (?), Pa*nic"u*la`ted (?), } a. [See Panicle.] (Bot) +Same as Panicled. + +||Pan"i*cum (?), n. [L., panic grass.] (Bot.) A genus of grasses, +||including several hundred species, some of which are valuable; panic +||grass. + +Pan*id`i*o*mor"phic (?), a. [Pan- + idiomorphic.] (Geol.) Having a +completely idiomorphic structure; -- said of certain rocks. + +Pan"ier (?), n. See Pannier, 3. [Obs.] + +Pan`i*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [L. panis bread + -ficare (in comp.) to make: +cf. F. panification.] The act or process of making bread. Ure. + +Pa"nim (?), n. See Painim. [Obs.] Milton. + +Pan*is"lam*ism (?), n. [Pan- + Islamism.] A desire or plan for the +union of all Mohammedan nations for the conquest of the world. + +Pa*niv"o*rous (?), a. [L. panis bread + vorare to devour.] Eating +bread; subsisting on bread. + +Pan*nade" (?), n. The curvet of a horse. + +Pan"nage (?), n. [OF. pasnage, LL. pasnadium, pastinaticum, fr. +pastionare to feed on mast, as swine, fr. L. pastio a pasturing, +grazing. See Pastor.] (O. Eng. Law) (a) The food of swine in the woods, +as beechnuts, acorns, etc.; -- called also pawns. (b) A tax paid for +the privilege of feeding swine in the woods. + +Pan"na*ry (?), a. See Panary. Loudon. + +Pan"nel (?), n. [See Panel.] 1. A kind of rustic saddle. Tusser. + +2. (Falconry) The stomach of a hawk. Ainsworth. + +3. (Mil.) A carriage for conveying a mortar and its bed, on a march. +Farrow. + +Pan"nier (?), n. [F. panier, fr. L. panarium a bread basket, fr. panis +bread. Cf. Pantry.] 1. A bread basket; also, a wicker basket (used +commonly in pairs) for carrying fruit or other things on a horse or an +ass Hudibras. + +2. (Mil. Antiq.) A shield of basket work formerly used by archers as a +shelter from the enemy's missiles. + +3. A table waiter at the Inns of Court, London. + +4. A framework of steel or whalebone, worn by women to expand their +dresses; a kind of bustle. + +Pan"niered (?), a. Bearing panniers. Wordsworth. + +Pan"ni*kel (?), n. [See Pan a dish.] The brainpan, or skull; hence, the +crest. [Obs.] Spenser. + +Pan"ni*kin (?), n. [Dim. of pan a dish.] A small pan or cup. Marryat. +Thackeray. + +Pan"nose` (?), a. [See Pannus.] (Bot.) Similar in texture or appearance +to felt or woolen cloth. + +||Pan"nus (?), n. [L., cloth. See 2d Pane.] (Med.) A very vascular +||superficial opacity of the cornea, usually caused by granulation of +||the eyelids. Foster. + +Pan`o*is"tic (?), a. [Pan- + Gr. &?; an egg.] (Zoˆl.) Producing ova +only; -- said of the ovaries of certain insects which do not produce +vitelligenous cells. + +Pan`om*phe"an (?), a. [L. panomphaeus, Gr. &?;.] Uttering ominous or +prophetic voices; divining. [R.] + + We want no half gods, panomphean Joves. + + +Mrs. Browning. + +Pan"o*plied (?), a. Dressed in panoply. + +Pan"o*ply (?), n. [Gr. &?;; &?;, &?;, all + &?; tool, implement, in +pl., armor, arms.] Defensive armor in general; a full suit of defensive +armor. Milton. + + We had need to take the Christian panoply, to put on the whole + armor of God. + + +Ray. + +Pa*nop"ti*con (?), n. [NL. See Pan- , and Optic.] + +1. A prison so contructed that the inspector can see each of the +prisoners at all times, without being seen. + +2. A room for the exhibition of novelties. + +Pan`o*ra"ma (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, &?;, all + &?; that which is +seen, a view, fr. &?; to see. See Pan- , and Wary.] + +1. A complete view in every direction. + +2. A picture presenting a view of objects in every direction, as from a +central point. + +3. A picture representing scenes too extended to be beheld at once, and +so exhibited a part at a time, by being unrolled, and made to pass +continuously before the spectator. + +{ Pan`o*ram"ic (?), Pan`o*ram"ic*al (?), } a. Of, pertaining to, or +like, a panorama. + +Panoramic camera. See under Camera. + +Pa*nor"pi*an (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Like, or pertaining to, the genus Panorpa. +-- n. Same as Panorpid. + +Pa*nor"pid (?), n. (Zoˆl.) Any neuropterous insect of the genus +Panorpa, and allied genera. The larvÊ feed on plant lice. + +Pan*phar"ma*con (?), n. [NL. See Pan- , and Pharmacon.] A medicine for +all diseases; a panacea. [R.] + +Pan`pres`by*te"ri*an (?), a. [Pan- + Presbyterian.] Belonging to, or +representative of, those who hold Presbyterian views in all parts of +the world; as, a Panpresbyterian council. + +{ Pan`sclav"ic (?), Pan`sclav"ism (?), Pan`sclav"ist, Pan`scla*vo"ni*an +(?) }. See Panslavic, Panslavism, etc. + +Pan"shon (?), n. An earthen vessel wider at the top than at the bottom, +-- used for holding milk and for various other purposes. [Prov. Eng.] +Halliwell. + +Pan"sied (?), a. [From Pansy.] Covered or adorned with pansies. "The +pansied grounds." Darwin. + +Pan`slav"ic (?), a. [Pan- + Slavic.] Pertaining to all the Slavic +races. + +Pan`slav"ism (?), n. A scheme or desire to unite all the Slavic races +into one confederacy. + +Pan`slav"ist (?), n. One who favors Panslavism. + +Pan`sla*vo"ni*an (?), a. See Panslavic. + +Pan*soph"ic*al (?), a. [See Pansophy.] All-wise; claiming universal +knowledge; as, pansophical pretenders. [R.] John Worthington. + +Pan"so*phy (?), n. [Pan- + Gr. &?; wisdom, &?; wise: cf. F. pansophie.] +Universal wisdom; esp., a system of universal knowledge proposed by +Comenius (1592 -- 1671), a Moravian educator. [R.] Hartlib. + +{ Pan*sper"ma*tist (?), Pan"sper`mist (?), } n. (Biol.) A believer in +panspermy; one who rejects the theory of spontaneous generation; a +biogenist. + +Pan`sper"mic (?), a. (Biol.) Of or pertaining to panspermy; as, the +panspermic hypothesis. + +Pan"sper`my (?), n. [Pan- + Gr. &?; a seed.] (Biol.) (a) The doctrine +of the widespread distribution of germs, from which under favorable +circumstances bacteria, vibrios, etc., may develop. (b) The doctrine +that all organisms must come from living parents; biogenesis; -- the +opposite of spontaneous generation. + +Pan*ste`re*o*ra"ma (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, &?;, all + &?; solid + +&?; a view.] A model of a town or country, in relief, executed in wood, +cork, pasteboard, or the like. Brande & C. + +Pan"sy (?), n.; pl. Pansies (#). [F. PensÈe thought, pansy, fr. penser +to think, L. pensare to weigh, ponder. See Pensive.] (Bot.) A plant of +the genus Viola (V. tricolor) and its blossom, originally purple and +yellow. Cultivated varieties have very large flowers of a great +diversity of colors. Called also heart's-ease, love-in-idleness, and +many other quaint names. + +Pant (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Panted; p. pr. & vb. n. Panting.] [Cf. F. +panteler to gasp for breath, OF. panteisier to be breathless, F. +pantois out of breath; perh. akin to E. phantom, the verb prob. orig. +meaning, to have the nightmare.] 1. To breathe quickly or in a labored +manner, as after exertion or from eagerness or excitement; to respire +with heaving of the breast; to gasp. + + Pluto plants for breath from out his cell. + + +Dryden. + +2. Hence: To long eagerly; to desire earnestly. + + As the hart panteth after the water brooks. + + +Ps. xlii. 1. + + Who pants for glory finds but short repose. + + +Pope. + +3. To beat with unnatural violence or rapidity; to palpitate, or throb; +-- said of the heart. Spenser. + +4. To sigh; to flutter; to languish. [Poetic] + + The whispering breeze Pants on the leaves, and dies upon the trees. + + +Pope. + +Pant, v. t. 1. To breathe forth quickly or in a labored manner; to gasp +out. + + There is a cavern where my spirit Was panted forth in anguish. + + +Shelley. + +2. To long for; to be eager after. [R.] + + Then shall our hearts pant thee. + + +Herbert. + +Pant, n. 1. A quick breathing; a catching of the breath; a gasp. +Drayton. + +2. A violent palpitation of the heart. Shak. + +Pan"ta- (?). See Pan-. + +Pan"ta*ble (?), n. See Pantofle. [Obs.] + +Pan"ta*cosm (?), n. [Panta- + Gr. ko`smos universe.] See Cosmolabe. + +Pan"ta*graph (?), n. See Pantograph. + +Pan*tag"ru*el*ism (?), n. [From Pantagruel, one of the characters of +Rabelais.] 1. The theory or practice of the medical profession; -- used +in burlesque or ridicule. + +2. An assumption of buffoonery to cover some serious purpose. [R.] +Donaldson. + +Pan`ta*let" (?), n. [Dim. of pantaloon.] One of the legs of the loose +drawers worn by children and women; particularly, the lower part of +such a garment, coming below the knee, often made in a separate piece; +-- chiefly in the plural. + +Pan`ta*loon" (?), n. [F. pantalon, fr. It. pantalone, a masked +character in the Italian comedy, who wore breeches and stockings that +were all of one piece, from Pantaleone, the patron saint of Venice, +which, as a baptismal name, is very frequent among the Venetians, and +is applied to them by the other Italians as a nickname, fr. Gr. &?;, +lit., all lion, a Greek personal name.] 1. A ridiculous character, or +an old dotard, in the Italian comedy; also, a buffoon in pantomimes. +Addison. + + The sixth age shifts Into the lean and slippered pantaloon. + + +Shak. + +2. pl. A bifurcated garment for a man, covering the body from the waist +downwards, and consisting of breeches and stockings in one. + +3. pl. In recent times, same as Trousers. + +Pan`ta*loon"er*y (?), n. 1. The character or performances of a +pantaloon; buffoonery. [R.] Lamb. + +2. Materials for pantaloons. + +Pan"ta*morph (?), n. That which assumes, or exists in, all forms. + +Pan`ta*mor"phic (?), a. [Panta- + Gr. &?; form.] Taking all forms. + +Pan"ta*scope (?), n. [Panta- + -scope.] (Photog.) A pantascopic camera. + +Pan`ta*scop"ic (?), a. Viewing all; taking a view of the whole. See +under Camera. + +<! p. 1037 !> + +||Pan`ta*stom"a*ta (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, &?;, all + &?;, &?;, +||mouth.] (Zoˆl.) One of the divisions of Flagellata, including the +||monads and allied forms. + +Pan*tech"ni*con (?), n. [NL. See Pan- , and Technic.] A depository or +place where all sorts of manufactured articles are collected for sale. + +Pan*tel"e*graph (?), n. [Pan- + telegraph.] See under Telegraph. + +Pant"er (?), n. One who pants. Congreve. + +Pan"ter (?), n.[F. panetier. See Pantry.] A keeper of the pantry; a +pantler. [Obs.] Tyndale. + +Pan"ter, n. [See Painter a rope.] A net; a noose. [Obs.] Chaucer. + +Pan`teu*ton"ic (?), a. [Pan- + Teutonic.] Of or pertaining to all the +Teutonic races. + +Pan"the*ism (?), n. [Pan- + theism.] The doctrine that the universe, +taken or conceived of as a whole, is God; the doctrine that there is no +God but the combined force and laws which are manifested in the +existing universe; cosmotheism. + +Pan"the*ist, n. One who holds to pantheism. + +{ Pan`the*is"tic (?), Pan`the*is"tic*al (?), } a. Of or pertaining to +pantheism; founded in, or leading to, pantheism. -- +Pan`the*is"tic*al*ly, adv. + +Pan`the*ol"o*gist (?), n. One versed in pantheology. + +Pan`the*ol"o*gy (?), n. [Pan- + theology.] A system of theology +embracing all religions; a complete system of theology. + +Pan*the"on (?), n. [L. pantheon, pantheum, Gr. &?; (sc. &?;), fr. &?; +of all gods; &?;, &?;, all + &?; a god: cf. F. panthÈon. See Pan-, and +Theism.] 1. A temple dedicated to all the gods; especially, the +building so called at Rome. + +2. The collective gods of a people, or a work treating of them; as, a +divinity of the Greek pantheon. + +Pan"ther (?), n. [OE. pantere, F. panthËre, L. panthera, Gr. &?;, prob. +fr. Skr. pundrka a tiger.] + +1. (Zoˆl.) A large dark-colored variety of the leopard, by some +zoˆlogists considered a distinct species. It is marked with large +ringlike spots, the centers of which are darker than the color of the +body. + +2. (Zoˆl.) In America, the name is applied to the puma, or cougar, and +sometimes to the jaguar. + +Panther cat (Zoˆl.), the ocelot. -- Panther cowry (Zoˆl.), a spotted +East Indian cowry (CyprÊa pantherina); -- so called from its color. + +Pan"ther*ess, n. (Zoˆl.) A female panther. + +Pan"ther*ine (?), a. Like a panther, esp. in color; as, the pantherine +snake (Ptyas mucosus) of Brazil. + +Pan"tile` (?), n. [5th pan + tile.] (Arch.) A roofing tile, of peculiar +form, having a transverse section resembling an elongated S laid on its +side (&?;). + +Pant"ing*ly (?), adv. With palpitation or rapid breathing. Shak. + +Pan`ti*soc"ra*cy (?), n. [Panto- + Gr. &?; equal + &?; to rule.] A +Utopian community, in which all should rule equally, such as was +devised by Coleridge, Lovell, and Southey, in their younger days. + +Pan*tis"o*crat (?), n. A pantisocratist. + +Pan`ti*so*crat"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to a pantisocracy. + +Pan`ti*soc"ra*tist (?), n. One who favors or supports the theory of a +pantisocracy. Macaulay. + +Pan"tler (?), n. [F. panetier. See Panter, Pantry.] The servant or +officer, in a great family, who has charge of the bread and the pantry. +[Obs.] Shak. + +Pan"to- (?). See Pan-. + +Pan`to*chro*nom"e*ter (?), n. [Panto- + chronometer.] An instrument +combining a compass, sundial, and universal time dial. Brande & C. + +Pan*to"fle (?), n. [F. pantoufle.] A slipper for the foot. [Written +also pantable and pantoble.] + +Pan"to*graph (?), n. [Panto- + -graph: cf. F. pantographe.] An +instrument for copying plans, maps, and other drawings, on the same, or +on a reduced or an enlarged, scale. [Written also pantagraph, and +incorrectly pentagraph.] + +Skew pantograph, a kind of pantograph for drawing a copy which is +inclined with respect to the original figure; -- also called +plagiograph. + +{ Pan`to*graph"ic (?), Pan`to*graph"ic*al (?) }, a. [Cf. F. +pantographique.] Of or pertaining to a pantograph; relating to +pantography. + +Pan*tog"ra*phy (?), n. [Cf. F. pantographie.] A general description; +entire view of an object. + +Pan`to*log"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to pantology. + +Pan*tol"o*gist (?), n. One versed in pantology; a writer of pantology. + +Pan*tol"o*gy (?), n. [Panto- + -logy.] A systematic view of all +branches of human knowledge; a work of universal information. + +Pan*tom"e*ter (?), n. [Panto- + -meter: cf. F. pantomËtre.] An +instrument for measuring angles for determining elevations, distances, +etc. + +Pan*tom"e*try (?), n. Universal measurement. [R.] -- Pan`to*met"ric +(#), a. [R.] + +Pan"to*mime (?), n. [F., fr. L. pantomimus, Gr. &?;, lit., +all-imitating; &?;, &?;, all + &?; to imitate: cf. It. pantomimo. See +Mimic.] 1. A universal mimic; an actor who assumes many parts; also, +any actor. [Obs.] + +2. One who acts his part by gesticulation or dumb show only, without +speaking; a pantomimist. + + [He] saw a pantomime perform so well that he could follow the + performance from the action alone. + + +Tylor. + +3. A dramatic representation by actors who use only dumb show; hence, +dumb show, generally. + +4. A dramatic and spectacular entertainment of which dumb acting as +well as burlesque dialogue, music, and dancing by Clown, Harlequin, +etc., are features. + +Pan"to*mime, a. Representing only in mute actions; pantomimic; as, a +pantomime dance. + +{ Pan`to*mim"ic (?), Pan`to*mim"ic*al (?), } a. [Cf. F. pantomimique.] +Of or pertaining to the pantomime; representing by dumb show. +"Pantomimic gesture." Bp. Warburton. -- Pan`to*mim"ic*al*ly, adv. + +Pan"to*mi`mist (?), n. An actor in pantomime; also, a composer of +pantomimes. + +Pan"ton (?), n. [F. patin. See Patten.] (Far.) A horseshoe to correct a +narrow, hoofbound heel. + +Pan*toph"a*gist (?), n. [See Pantophagous.] A person or an animal that +has the habit of eating all kinds of food. + +Pan*toph"a*gous (?), a. [Gr. &?;; &?;, &?;, all + &?; to eat.] Eating +all kinds of food. + +Pan*toph"a*gy (?), n. [Gr. &?;.] The habit or power of eating all kinds +of food. + +||Pan*top"o*da (?), n. pl. [NL. See Panto-, & -poda.] (Zoˆl.) Same as +||Pycnogonida. + +Pan`to*scop"ic (?), a. [Panto- + -scope + -ic.] Literally, seeing +everything; -- a term applied to eyeglasses or spectacles divided into +two segments, the upper being designed for distant vision, the lower +for vision of near objects. + +Pan"try (?), n.; pl. Pantries (#). [OE. pantrie, F. paneterie, fr. +panetier pantler, LL. panetarius baker, panetus small loaf of bread, L. +panis bread. Cf. Company, Pannier, Pantler.] An apartment or closet in +which bread and other provisions are kept. + +Pan*ur"gic (?), a. [Cf. Gr. &?; knavish.] Skilled in all kinds of work. +"The panurgic Diderot." J. Morley. + +Pan"ur*gy (?), n. [Gr. &?;, fr. &?;, properly, ready to do anything; +hence, knavish, roguish; &?;, &?;, all + &?; work.] Skill in all kinds +of work or business; craft. [R.] Bailey. + +Pan"yard (?), n. See Pannier. [Obs.] Pepys. + +Pa"nym (?), n. & a. See Panim. [Obs.] + +Pan*zo"ism (?), n. [Pan- + Gr. &?; an animal.] (Biol.) A term used to +denote all of the elements or factors which constitute vitality or +vital energy. H. Spencer. + +||Pa"o*lo (?), n. [It. Cf. Paul.] An old Italian silver coin, worth +||about ten cents. + +Pap (?), n. [Cf. OSw. papp. Cf. Pap soft food.] + +1. (Anat.) A nipple; a mammilla; a teat. Dryden. + + The paps which thou hast sucked. + + +Luke xi. 27. + +2. A rounded, nipplelike hill or peak; anything resembling a nipple in +shape; a mamelon. Macaulay. + +Pap, n. [Cf. D. pap, G. pappe, both perh. fr. L. papa, pappa, the word +with which infants call for food: cf. It. pappa.] 1. A soft food for +infants, made of bread boiled or softtened in milk or water. + +2. Nourishment or support from official patronage; as, treasury pap. +[Colloq. & Contemptuous] + +3. The pulp of fruit. Ainsworth. + +Pap, v. t. To feed with pap. Beau. & Fl. + +Pa*pa" (?), n. [F. papa, L. papa; cf. Gr. &?;, &?;, a child's word +meaning father. Cf. Pope.] + +1. A child's word for father. + +2. A parish priest in the Greek Church. Shipley. + +Pa`pa*bo"te (?), n. [Probably of Creole origin.] (Zoˆl.) The upland +plover. [Local, U. S.] + +Pa"pa*cy (?), n. [LL. papatia, fr. L. papa a father, bishop. See Pope.] +1. The office and dignity of the pope, or pontiff, of Rome; papal +jurisdiction. + +2. The popes, collectively; the succession of popes. + +3. The Roman Catholic religion; -- commonly used by the opponents of +the Roman Catholics in disparagement or in an opprobrious sense. + +Pap"a*gay (?), n. (Zoˆl.) See Popinjay, 1 (b). + +Pa*pa"in (?), n. [From Papaw.] (Physiol. Chem.) A proteolytic ferment, +like trypsin, present in the juice of the green fruit of the papaw +(Carica Papaya) of tropical America. + +Pa"pal (?), a. [F., fr. L. papa bishop. See Papacy.] + +1. Of or pertaining to the pope of Rome; proceeding from the pope; +ordered or pronounced by the pope; as, papal jurisdiction; a papal +edict; the papal benediction. Milman. + +2. Of or pertaining to the Roman Catholic Church. "Papal Christians." +Bp. Burnet. + +Papal cross. See Illust. 3 of Cross. -- Papal crown, the tiara. + +Pa"pal*ist (?), n. A papist. [Obs.] Baxter. + +Pa*pal"i*ty (?), n. [LL. papalitas: cf. F. papautÈ.] The papacy. [Obs.] +Ld. Berners. Milton. + +Pa"pal*ize (?), v. t. To make papal. [R.] + +Pa"pal*ize, v. i. To conform to popery. Cowper. + +Pa"pal*ly, adv. In a papal manner; popishly + +Pa"pal*ty (?), n. The papacy. [Obs.] Milton. + +Pa`pa*pho"bi*a (?), n. [NL., fr. L. papa bishop + Gr. &?; to fear.] +Intense fear or dread of the pope, or of the Roman Catholic Church. +[R.] + +Pa"par*chy (?), n. [L. papa bishop + -archy.] Government by a pope; +papal rule. + +||Pa*pa"ver (?), n. [L., poppy.] (Bot.) A genus of plants, including +||the poppy. + +Pa*pav`er*a"ceous (?), a. (Bot.) Of, pertaining to, or resembling, a +natural order of plants (PapaveraceÊ) of which the poppy, the +celandine, and the bloodroot are well-known examples. + +Pa*pav"er*ine (?), n. (Chem.) An alkaloid found in opium. It has a +weaker therapeutic action than morphine. + +Pa*pav"er*ous (?), a. Of or pertaining to the poppy; of the nature of +the poppy. Sir T. Browne. + +Pa*paw" (?), n. [Prob. from the native name in the West Indies; cf. Sp. +papayo papaw, papaya the fruit of the papaw.] [Written also pawpaw.] 1. +(Bot.) A tree (Carica Papaya) of tropical America, belonging to the +order PassifloreÊ. It has a soft, spongy stem, eighteen or twenty feet +high, crowned with a tuft of large, long-stalked, palmately lobed +leaves. The milky juice of the plant is said to have the property of +making meat tender. Also, its dull orange-colored, melon-shaped fruit, +which is eaten both raw and cooked or pickled. + +2. (Bot.) A tree of the genus Asimina (A. triloba), growing in the +western and southern parts of the United States, and producing a sweet +edible fruit; also, the fruit itself. Gray. + +Pap"boat` (?), n. 1. A kind of sauce boat or dish. + +2. (Zoˆl.) A large spiral East Indian marine shell (Turbinella rapha); +-- so called because used by native priests to hold the oil for +anointing. + +Pape (?), n. [Cf. F. pape, fr. L. papa. See Pope.] A spiritual father; +specifically, the pope. [Obs.] + +Pa"pe*jay (?), n. A popinjay. [Obs.] Chaucer. + +Pa"per (?), n. [F. papier, fr. L. papyrus papyrus, from which the +Egyptians made a kind of paper, Gr. &?;. Cf. Papyrus.] 1. A substance +in the form of thin sheets or leaves intended to be written or printed +on, or to be used in wrapping. It is made of rags, straw, bark, wood, +or other fibrous material, which is first reduced to pulp, then molded, +pressed, and dried. + +2. A sheet, leaf, or piece of such substance. + +3. A printed or written instrument; a document, essay, or the like; a +writing; as, a paper read before a scientific society. + + They brought a paper to me to be signed. + + +Dryden. + +4. A printed sheet appearing periodically; a newspaper; a journal; as, +a daily paper. + +5. Negotiable evidences of indebtedness; notes; bills of exchange, and +the like; as, the bank holds a large amount of his paper. + +6. Decorated hangings or coverings for walls, made of paper. See Paper +hangings, below. + +7. A paper containing (usually) a definite quantity; as, a paper of +pins, tacks, opium, etc. + +8. A medicinal preparation spread upon paper, intended for external +application; as, cantharides paper. + +Paper is manufactured in sheets, the trade names of which, together +with the regular sizes in inches, are shown in the following table. But +paper makers vary the size somewhat. + +In the manufacture of books, etc., a sheet, of whatever size +originally, is termed, when folded once, a folio; folded twice, a +quarto, or 4to; three times, an octavo, or 8vo; four times, a +sextodecimo, or 16mo; five times, a 32mo; three times, with an offcut +folded twice and set in, a duodecimo, or 12mo; four times, with an +offcut folded three times and set in, a 24mo. + +<! p. 1038 !> + +Paper is often used adjectively or in combination, having commonly an +obvious signification; as, paper cutter or paper-cutter; paper knife, +paper-knife, or paperknife; paper maker, paper-maker, or papermaker; +paper mill or paper-mill; paper weight, paper-weight, or paperweight, +etc. + +Business paper, checks, notes, drafts, etc., given in payment of actual +indebtedness; -- opposed to accommodation paper. -- Fly paper, paper +covered with a sticky preparation, -- used for catching flies. -- Laid +paper. See under Laid. -- Paper birch (Bot.), the canoe birch tree +(Betula papyracea). -- Paper blockade, an ineffective blockade, as by a +weak naval force. -- Paper boat (Naut.), a boat made of water-proof +paper. -- Paper car wheel (Railroad), a car wheel having a steel tire, +and a center formed of compressed paper held between two plate- iron +disks. Forney. -- Paper credit, credit founded upon evidences of debt, +such as promissory notes, duebills, etc. -- Paper hanger, one who +covers walls with paper hangings. -- Paper hangings, paper printed with +colored figures, or otherwise made ornamental, prepared to be pasted +against the walls of apartments, etc.; wall paper. -- Paper house, an +audience composed of people who have come in on free passes. [Cant] -- +Paper money, notes or bills, usually issued by government or by a +banking corporation, promising payment of money, and circulated as the +representative of coin. -- Paper mulberry. (Bot.) See under Mulberry. +-- Paper muslin, glazed muslin, used for linings, etc. -- Paper +nautilus. (Zoˆl.) See Argonauta. -- Paper reed (Bot.), the papyrus. - - +Paper sailor. (Zoˆl.) See Argonauta. -- Paper stainer, one who colors +or stamps wall paper. De Colange. -- Paper wasp (Zoˆl.), any wasp which +makes a nest of paperlike material, as the yellow jacket. -- Paper +weight, any object used as a weight to prevent loose papers from being +displaced by wind, or otherwise. -- Parchment paper. See Papyrine. -- +Tissue paper, thin, gauzelike paper, such as is used to protect +engravings in books. -- Wall paper. Same as Paper hangings, above. -- +Waste paper, paper thrown aside as worthless or useless, except for +uses of little account. -- Wove paper, a writing paper with a uniform +surface, not ribbed or watermarked. + +Pa"per (?), a. Of or pertaining to paper; made of paper; resembling +paper; existing only on paper; unsubstantial; as, a paper box; a paper +army. + +Pa"per, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Papered(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Papering.] 1. +To cover with paper; to furnish with paper hangings; as, to paper a +room or a house. + +2. To fold or inclose in paper. + +3. To put on paper; to make a memorandum of. [Obs.] + +Pa"per*weight` (?), n. See under Paper, n. + +Pa"per*y (?), a. Like paper; having the thinness or consistence of +paper. Gray. + +Pa*pes"cent (?), a. [From Pap soft food.] Containing or producing pap; +like pap. [R.] Arbuthnot. + +Pa"pess (?), n. [F. papesse.] A female pope; i. e., the fictitious pope +Joan. [Obs.] Bp. Hall. + +||Pa`pe*terie" (?), n. [F., paper manufacture, fr. papier paper.] A +||case or box containing paper and materials for writing. + +Pa"phi*an (?), a. [L. Paphius, Gr. &?;, from &?; the city Paphos.] Of +or pertaining to Paphos, an ancient city of Cyprus, having a celebrated +temple of Venus; hence, pertaining to Venus, or her rites. + +Pa"phi*an, n. A native or inhabitant of Paphos. + +||Pa`pier"-ma`chÈ" (?), n. [F. papier m‚chÈ, lit., chewed or mashed +||paper.] A hard and strong substance made of a pulp from paper, mixed +||with sise or glue, etc. It is formed into various articles, usually +||by means of molds. + +||Pa*pil"i*o (?), n. [L., a butterfly.] (Zoˆl.) A genus of butterflies. + +Formerly it included numerous species which are now placed in other +genera. By many writers it is now restricted to the swallow- tailed +butterflies, like Papilio polyxenes, or asterias, and related species. + +Pa*pil`io*na"ceous (?), a. 1. Resembling the butterfly. + +2. (Bot.) (a) Having a winged corolla somewhat resembling a butterfly, +as in the blossoms of the bean and pea. (b) Belonging to that suborder +of leguminous plants (PapilionaceÊ) which includes the bean, pea, +vetch, clover, and locust. + +||Pa*pil`i*o"nes (?), n. pl. [NL. See Papilio.] (Zoˆl.) The division of +||Lepidoptera which includes the butterflies. + +||Pa*pil`i*on"i*des (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zoˆl.) The typical butterflies. + +Pa*pil"la (?), n.; pl. PapillÊ (#). [L., a nipple, pimple.] Any minute +nipplelike projection; as, the papillÊ of the tongue. + +Pap"il*lar (?), a. [Cf. F. papillaire.] Same as Papillose. + +Pap"il*la*ry (?), a. [Cf. F. papillaire.] Of, pertaining to, or +resembling, a papilla or papillÊ; bearing, or covered with, papillÊ; +papillose. + +Pap"il*late (?), v. t. & i. To cover with papillÊ; to take the form of +a papilla, or of papillÊ. + +Pap"il*late (?), a. Same as Papillose. + +Pa*pil"li*form (?), a. [Papilla + -form.] Shaped like a papilla; +mammilliform. + +||Pap`il*lo"ma (?), n.; pl. Papillomata (#). [NL. See Papilla, and - +||Oma.] (Med.) A tumor formed by hypertrophy of the papillÊ of the skin +||or mucous membrane, as a corn or a wart. Quain. + +Pap`il*lo"ma*tous (?), a. (Med.) Of, pertaining to, or consisting of, +papillomata. + +Pap"il*lose` (?), a. [Cf. F. papilleux.] Covered with, or bearing, +papillÊ; resembling papillÊ; papillate; papillar; papillary. + +Pap"il*lote (?), n. [F., fr. papillon a butterfly.] a small piece of +paper on which women roll up their hair to make it curl; a curl paper. + +Pap"il*lous (?), a. Papillary; papillose. + +Pa*pil"lu*late (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Having a minute papilla in the center of +a larger elevation or depression. + +Pa"pi*on (?), n. [Prob. from native name: cf. Sp. papion.] (Zoˆl.) A +West African baboon (Cynocephalus sphinx), allied to the chacma. Its +color is generally chestnut, varying in tint. + +Pa"pism (?), n. [F. papisme. See Pape, Pope.] Popery; -- an offensive +term. Milton. + +Pa"pist (?), n. [F. papiste. See Pape, Pope.] A Roman catholic; one who +adheres to the Church of Rome and the authority of the pope; -- an +offensive designation applied to Roman Catholics by their opponents. + +{ Pa*pis"tic (?), Pa*pis"tic*al (?), } a. [Cf. F. papistique.] Of or +pertaining to the Church of Rome and its doctrines and ceremonies; +pertaining to popery; popish; -- used disparagingly. "The old papistic +worship." T. Warton. -- Pa*pis"tic*al*ly, adv. + +Pa"pist*ry (?), n. The doctrine and ceremonies of the Church of Rome; +popery. [R.] Whitgift. + +Pa"pized (?), a. [From Pape.] Conformed to popery. [Obs.] "Papized +writers." Fuller. + +Pa*poose" (?), n. A babe or young child of Indian parentage in North +America. + +Pap"pi*form (?), a. (Bot.) Resembling the pappus of composite plants. + +Pap*poose" (?), n. Same as Papoose. + +Pappoose root. (Bot.) See Cohosh. + +Pap*pose" (?), a. (Bot.) Furnished with a pappus; downy. + +Pap"pous (?), a. (Bot.) Pappose. + +Pap"pus (?), n. [L., an old man or grandfather; hence, a substance +resembling gray hairs, Gr. &?;.] (Bot.) The hairy or feathery appendage +of the achenes of thistles, dandelions, and most other plants of the +order CompositÊ; also, the scales, awns, or bristles which represent +the calyx in other plants of the same order. + +Pap"py (?), a. [From Pap soft food.] Like pap; soft; succulent; tender. +Ray. + +Pap"u*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to Papua. + +Pap"u*ars (?), n. pl.; sing. Papuan (&?;). (Ethnol.) The native black +race of Papua or New Guinea, and the adjacent islands. + +||Pap"u*la (?), n.; pl. PapulÊ (#). [L.] + +1. (Med.) A pimple; a small, usually conical, elevation of the cuticle, +produced by congestion, accumulated secretion, or hypertrophy of +tissue; a papule. Quain. + +2. (Zoˆl.) One of the numerous small hollow processes of the integument +between the plates of starfishes. + +Pap"u*lar (?), a. 1. Covered with papules. + +2. (Med.) Consisting of papules; characterized by the presence of +papules; as, a papular eruption. + +Pap"ule (?), n.; pl. Papules (&?;). Same as Papula. + +Pap"u*lose` (?), a. (Biol.) Having papulÊ; papillose; as, a papulose +leaf. + +Pap"u*lous (?), a. [Cf. F. pap&?;leux.] Covered with, or characterized +by, papulÊ; papulose. + +Pap`y*ra"ceous (?), a. [L. papyraceus made of papyrus.] Made of +papyrus; of the consistency of paper; papery. + +Pa*pyr"e*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to papyrus, or to paper; +papyraceous. + +Pap"y*rine (?), n. [Cf. F. papyrin made of paper. See Paper.] Imitation +parchment, made by soaking unsized paper in dilute sulphuric acid. + +Pa*pyr"o*graph (?), n. [Papyrus + -graph.] An apparatus for multiplying +writings, drawings, etc., in which a paper stencil, formed by writing +or drawing with corrosive ink, is used. The word is also used of other +means of multiplying copies of writings, drawings, etc. See Copygraph, +Hectograph, Manifold. + +Pap`y*rog"ra*phy (?), n. The process of multiplying copies of writings, +etc., by means of the papyrograph. -- Pap`y*ro*graph"ic (#), a. + +Pa*py"rus (?), n.; pl. Papyri (#). [L., fr. Gr. &?;. See Paper.] 1. +(Bot.) A tall rushlike plant (Cyperus Papyrus) of the Sedge family, +formerly growing in Egypt, and now found in Abyssinia, Syria, Sicily, +etc. The stem is triangular and about an inch thick. + +2. The material upon which the ancient Egyptians wrote. It was formed +by cutting the stem of the plant into thin longitudinal slices, which +were gummed together and pressed. + +3. A manuscript written on papyrus; esp., pl., written scrolls made of +papyrus; as, the papyri of Egypt or Herculaneum. + +P‚que (?), n. [F. p‚que.] See Pasch and Easter. + +Par (?), n. (Zoˆl.) See Parr. + +Par, prep. [F., fr. L. per. See Per.] By; with; -- used frequently in +Early English in phrases taken from the French, being sometimes written +as a part of the word which it governs; as, par amour, or paramour; par +cas, or parcase; par fay, or parfay. + +Par (?), n. [L. par, adj., equal. See Peer an equal.] + +1. Equal value; equality of nominal and actual value; the value +expressed on the face or in the words of a certificate of value, as a +bond or other commercial paper. + +2. Equality of condition or circumstances. + +At par, at the original price; neither at a discount nor at a premium. +-- Above par, at a premium. -- Below par, at a discount. -- On a par, +on a level; in the same condition, circumstances, position, rank, etc.; +as, their pretensions are on a par; his ability is on a par with his +ambition. -- Par of exchange. See under Exchange. -- Par value, nominal +value; face value. + +Par"a- (?). [Gr. para` beside; prob. akin to E. for- in forgive. Cf. +For-.] 1. A prefix signifying alongside of, beside, beyond, against, +amiss; as parable, literally, a placing beside; paradox, that which is +contrary to opinion; parachronism. + +2. (Chem.) A prefix denoting: (a) Likeness, similarity, or connection, +or that the substance resembles, but is distinct from, that to the name +of which it is prefixed; as paraldehyde, paraconine, etc.; also, an +isomeric modification. (b) Specifically: (Organ. Chem.) That two groups +or radicals substituted in the benzene nucleus are opposite, or in the +respective positions 1 and 4; 2 and 5; or 3 and 6, as paraxylene; +paroxybenzoic acid. Cf. Ortho-, and Meta-. Also used adjectively. + +||Pa*ra" (?), n. [Turk., fr. Per. prah a piece.] A piece of Turkish +||money, usually copper, the fortieth part of a piaster, or about one +||ninth of a cent. + +Par`a*ban"ic (?), a. [Gr. &?; to pass over.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or +designating, a nitrogenous acid which is obtained by the oxidation of +uric acid, as a white crystalline substance (C3N2H2O3); -- also called +oxalyl urea. + +Par"a*blast (?), n. [Cf. Gr. &?; to grow beside. See Para-, and +-blast.] (Biol.) A portion of the mesoblast (of peripheral origin) of +the developing embryo, the cells of which are especially concerned in +forming the first blood and blood vessels. C. S. Minot. + +Par`a*blas"tic (?), a. (Biol.) Of or pertaining to the parablast; as, +the parablastic cells. + +Par"a*ble (?), a. [L. parabilis, fr. parare to provide.] Procurable. +[Obs.] Sir T. Browne. + +Par"a*ble, n. [F. parabole, L. parabola, fr. Gr. &?; a placing beside +or together, a comparing, comparison, a parable, fr. &?; to throw +beside, compare; para` beside + &?; to throw; cf. Skr. gal to drop. Cf. +Emblem, Gland, Palaver, Parabola, Parley, Parabole, Symbol.] A +comparison; a similitude; specifically, a short fictitious narrative of +something which might really occur in life or nature, by means of which +a moral is drawn; as, the parables of Christ. Chaucer. + + Declare unto us the parable of the tares. + + +Matt. xiii. 36. + +Syn. -- See Allegory, and Note under Apologue. + +Par"a*ble, v. t. To represent by parable. [R.] + + Which by the ancient sages was thus parabled. + + +Milton. + +Pa*rab"o*la (?), n.; pl. Parabolas (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?;; -- so called +because its axis is parallel to the side of the cone. See Parable, and +cf. Parabole.] (Geom.) (a) A kind of curve; one of the conic sections +formed by the intersection of the surface of a cone with a plane +parallel to one of its sides. It is a curve, any point of which is +equally distant from a fixed point, called the focus, and a fixed +straight line, called the directrix. See Focus. (b) One of a group of +curves defined by the equation y = axn where n is a positive whole +number or a positive fraction. For the cubical parabola n = 3; for the +semicubical parabola n = . See under Cubical, and Semicubical. The +parabolas have infinite branches, but no rectilineal asymptotes. + +||Pa*rab"o*le (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?;. See Parable.] (Rhet.) +||Similitude; comparison. + +{ Par`a*bol"ic (?), Par`a*bol"ic*al (?), } a. [Gr. paraboliko`s +figurative: cf. F. parabolique. See Parable.] + +1. Of the nature of a parable; expressed by a parable or figure; +allegorical; as, parabolical instruction. + +2. [From Parabola.] (Geom.) (a) Having the form or nature of a +parabola; pertaining to, or resembling, a parabola; as, a parabolic +curve. (b) Generated by the revolution of a parabola, or by a line that +moves on a parabola as a directing curve; as, a parabolic conoid. + +Parabolic conoid, a paraboloid; a conoid whose directing curve is a +parabola. See Conoid. -- Parabolic mirror (Opt.), a mirror having a +paraboloidal surface which gives for parallel rays (as those from very +distant objects) images free from aberration. It is used in reflecting +telescopes. -- Parabolic spindle, the solid generated by revolving the +portion of a parabola cut off by a line drawn at right angles to the +axis of the curve, about that line as an axis. -- Parabolic spiral, a +spiral curve conceived to be formed by the periphery of a semiparabola +when its axis is wrapped about a circle; also, any other spiral curve +having an analogy to the parabola. + +<! p. 1039 !> + +Par`a*bol"ic*al*ly (pr`*bl"*kal*l), adv. 1. By way of parable; in a +parabolic manner. + +2. In the form of a parabola. + +Par`a*bol"i*form (-*fÙrm), a. [Parabola + -form.] Resembling a parabola +in form. + +Pa*rab"o*lism (p*rb"*lz'm), n. [From Parabola.] (Alg.) The division of +the terms of an equation by a known quantity that is involved in the +first term. [Obs.] + +Pa*rab"o*list (-lst), n. A narrator of parables. + +Pa*rab"o*loid (-loid), n. [Parabola + -oid: cf. F. paraboloÔde.] +(Geom.) The solid generated by the rotation of a parabola about its +axis; any surface of the second order whose sections by planes parallel +to a given line are parabolas. + +The term paraboloid has sometimes been applied also to the parabolas of +the higher orders. Hutton. + +Par`a*bo*loid"al (?), a. Of, pertaining to, or resembling, a +paraboloid. + +||Par`a*bron"chi*um (?), n.; pl. Parabronchia (#). [NL. See Para-, +||Bronchia.] (Anat.) One of the branches of an ectobronchium or +||entobronchium. + +Par`a*cel"si*an (?), a. Of, pertaining to, or in conformity with, the +practice of Paracelsus, a Swiss physician of the 15th century. Ferrand. + +Par`a*cel"si*an, n. A follower of Paracelsus or his practice or +teachings. Hakewill. + +Par`a*cel"sist (?), n. A Paracelsian. + +||Par`a*cen*te"sis (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to pierce at the +||side, to tap.] (Med.) The perforation of a cavity of the body with a +||trocar, aspirator, or other suitable instrument, for the evacuation +||of effused fluid, pus, or gas; tapping. + +{ Par`a*cen"tric (?), Par`a*cen"tric*al (?), } a. [Pref. para- + +centric, - ical: cf. F. paracentrique.] Deviating from circularity; +changing the distance from a center. + +Paracentric curve (Math.), a curve having the property that, when its +plane is placed vertically, a body descending along it, by the force of +gravity, will approach to, or recede from, a fixed point or center, by +equal distances in equal times; -- called also a paracentric. -- +Paracentric motton or velocity, the motion or velocity of a revolving +body, as a planet, by which it approaches to, or recedes from, the +center, without reference to its motion in space, or to its motion as +reckoned in any other direction. + +Par`a*chor"dal (?), a. [Pref. para- + chordal.] (Anat.) Situated on +either side of the notochord; -- applied especially to the +cartilaginous rudiments of the skull on each side of the anterior part +of the notochord. -- n. A parachordal cartilage. + +Pa*rach"ro*nism (?), n. [Pref. para- + Gr. &?; time: cf. F. +parachronisme.] An error in chronology, by which the date of an event +is set later than the time of its occurrence. [R.] + +Par"a*chrose (?), a. [Gr. &?; false coloring; para` beside, beyond + +&?; color.] (Min.) Changing color by exposure Mohs. + +Par"a*chute (?), n. [F., fr. paper to ward off, guard + chute a fall. +See Parry, and Chute, Chance.] + +1. A contrivance somewhat in the form of an umbrella, by means of which +a descent may be made from a balloon, or any eminence. + +2. (Zoˆl.) A web or fold of skin which extends between the legs of +certain mammals, as the flying squirrels, colugo, and phalangister. + +Par"a*clete (?), n. [L. paracletus, Gr. &?;, from &?; to call to one, +to exhort, encourage; para` beside + &?; to call.] An advocate; one +called to aid or support; hence, the Consoler, Comforter, or +Intercessor; -- a term applied to the Holy Spirit. + + From which intercession especially I conceive he hath the name of + the Paraclete given him by Christ. + + +Bp. Pearson. + +Par"a*close (?), n. (Arch.) See Parclose. + +Par`ac*mas"tic (?), a. [Gr. &?;. See Para-, and Acme.] (Med.) Gradually +decreasing; past the acme, or crisis, as a distemper. Dunglison. + +Par`a*con"ic (?), a. [Pref. para- + aconitic.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, +or designating, an organic acid obtained as a deliquescent white +crystalline substance, and isomeric with itaconic, citraconic, and +mesaconic acids. + +Par`a*co"nine (?), n. [Pref. para- + conine.] (Chem.) A base +resembling and isomeric with conine, and obtained as a colorless liquid +from butyric aldehyde and ammonia. + +||Par`a*co*rol"la (?), n. [Pref. para- + corolla.] (Bot.) A secondary +||or inner corolla; a corona, as of the Narcissus. + +Par`a*cros"tic (?), n. [Pref. para- + acrostic.] A poetical +composition, in which the first verse contains, in order, the first +letters of all the verses of the poem. Brande & C. + +Par`a*cy*an"o*gen (?), n. [Pref. para- + cyanogen.] (Chem.) A polymeric +modification of cyanogen, obtained as a brown or black amorphous +residue by heating mercuric cyanide. + +Par`a*cy"mene, n. [Pref. para- + cymene.] (Chem.) Same as Cymene. + +||Par`a*dac"ty*lum, n.; pl. Paradactyla (#). [NL. See Para-, and +||Dactyl.] (Zoˆl.) The side of a toe or finger. + +Pa*rade" (?), n. [F., fr. Sp. parada a halt or stopping, an assembling +for exercise, a place where troops are assembled to exercise, fr. parar +to stop, to prepare. See Pare, v. t.] 1. The ground where a military +display is held, or where troops are drilled. + +2. (Mil.) An assembly and orderly arrangement or display of troops, in +full equipments, for inspection or evolutions before some superior +officer; a review of troops. Parades are general, regimental, or +private (troop, battery, or company), according to the force assembled. + +3. Pompous show; formal display or exhibition. + + Be rich, but of your wealth make no parade. + + +Swift. + +4. That which is displayed; a show; a spectacle; an imposing +procession; the movement of any body marshaled in military order; as, a +parade of firemen. + + In state returned the grand parade. + + +Swift. + +5. Posture of defense; guard. [A Gallicism.] + + When they are not in parade, and upon their guard. + + +Locke. + +6. A public walk; a promenade. + +Dress parade, Undress parade. See under Dress, and Undress. -- Parade +rest, a position of rest for soldiers, in which, however, they are +required to be silent and motionless. Wilhelm. + +Syn. -- Ostentation; display; show. -- Parade, Ostentation. Parade is a +pompous exhibition of things for the purpose of display; ostentation +now generally indicates a parade of virtues or other qualities for +which one expects to be honored. "It was not in the mere parade of +royalty that the Mexican potentates exhibited their power." Robertson. +"We are dazzled with the splendor of titles, the ostentation of +learning, and the noise of victories." Spectator. + +Pa*rade" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Paraded; p. pr. & vb. n. Parading.] +[Cf. F. parader.] 1. To exhibit in a showy or ostentatious manner; to +show off. + + Parading all her sensibility. + + +Byron. + +2. To assemble and form; to marshal; to cause to maneuver or march +ceremoniously; as, to parade troops. + +Pa*rade", v. i. 1. To make an exhibition or spectacle of one's self, as +by walking in a public place. + +2. To assemble in military order for evolutions and inspection; to form +or march, as in review. + +Par"a*digm (?), n. [F. paradigme, L. paradigma, fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to +show by the side of, to set up as an example; para` beside + &?; to +show. See Para-, and Diction.] + +1. An example; a model; a pattern. [R.] "The paradigms and patterns of +all things." Cudworth. + +2. (Gram.) An example of a conjugation or declension, showing a word in +all its different forms of inflection. + +3. (Rhet.) An illustration, as by a parable or fable. + +{ Par`a*dig*mat"ic (?), Par`a*dig*mat"ic*al (?), } a. [Gr. +paradeigmatiko`s.] Exemplary. -- Par`a*dig*mat"ic*al*ly, adv. [Obs.] + +Par`a*dig*mat"ic, n. (Eccl. Hist.) A writer of memoirs of religious +persons, as examples of Christian excellence. + +Par`a*dig"ma*tize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Paradigmatized (?); p. pr. & +vb. n. Paradigmatizing (?).] [Gr. paradeigmati`zein. See Paradigm.] To +set forth as a model or example. [Obs.] Hammond. + +{ Par`a*di*sa"ic (?), Par`a*di*sa"ic*al (?), } a. Of or pertaining to, +or resembling, paradise; paradisiacal. "Paradisaical pleasures." Gray. + +Par"a*di`sal (?), a. Paradisiacal. + +Par"a*dise (?), n. [OE. & F. paradis, L. paradisus, fr. Gr. para`deisos +park, paradise, fr. Zend pairidaza an inclosure; pairi around (akin to +Gr. &?;) + diz to throw up, pile up; cf. Skr. dih to smear, and E. +dough. Cf. Parvis.] + +1. The garden of Eden, in which Adam and Eve were placed after their +creation. + +2. The abode of sanctified souls after death. + + To-day shalt thou be with me in paradise. + + +Luke xxiii. 43. + + It sounds to him like her mother's voice, Singing in Paradise. + + +Longfellow. + +3. A place of bliss; a region of supreme felicity or delight; hence, a +state of happiness. + + The earth Shall be all paradise. + + +Milton. + + Wrapt in the very paradise of some creative vision. + + +Beaconsfield. + +4. (Arch.) An open space within a monastery or adjoining a church, as +the space within a cloister, the open court before a basilica, etc. + +5. A churchyard or cemetery. [Obs.] Oxf. Gloss. + +Fool's paradise. See under Fool, and Limbo. -- Grains of paradise. +(Bot.) See Melequeta pepper, under Pepper. -- Paradise bird. (Zoˆl.) +Same as Bird of paradise. Among the most beautiful species are the +superb (Lophorina superba); the magnificent (Diphyllodes magnifica); +and the six-shafted paradise bird (Parotia sefilata). The long-billed +paradise birds (EpimachinÊ) also include some highly ornamental +species, as the twelve-wired paradise bird (Seleucides alba), which is +black, yellow, and white, with six long breast feathers on each side, +ending in long, slender filaments. See Bird of paradise in the +Vocabulary. -- Paradise fish (Zoˆl.), a beautiful fresh-water Asiatic +fish (Macropodus viridiauratus) having very large fins. It is often +kept alive as an ornamental fish. -- Paradise flycatcher (Zoˆl.), any +flycatcher of the genus Terpsiphone, having the middle tail feathers +extremely elongated. The adult male of T. paradisi is white, with the +head glossy dark green, and crested. -- Paradise grackle (Zoˆl.), a +very beautiful bird of New Guinea, of the genus Astrapia, having dark +velvety plumage with brilliant metallic tints. -- Paradise nut (Bot.), +the sapucaia nut. See Sapucaia nut. [Local, U. S.] -- Paradise whidah +bird. (Zoˆl.) See Whidah. + +Par"a*dise (?), v. t. To affect or exalt with visions of felicity; to +entrance; to bewitch. [R.] Marston. + +Par`a*dis"e*an (?), a. Paradisiacal. + +Par"a*dised (?), a. Placed in paradise; enjoying delights as of +paradise. + +{ Par`a*dis"i*ac (?), Par`a*di*si"a*cal (?), } a. [L. paradisiacus.] Of +or pertaining to paradise; suitable to, or like, paradise. C. Kingsley. +T. Burnet. "A paradisiacal scene." Pope. + + The valley . . . is of quite paradisiac beauty. + + +G. Eliot. + +{ Par`a*dis"i*al (?), Par`a*dis"i*an (?), } a. Paradisiacal. [R.] + +Par`a*dis"ic (?), a. Paradisiacal. [R.] Broome. + +Par`a*dis"ic*al (?), a. Paradisiacal. [R.] + +Par`a*dos (?), n.; pl. Paradoses (#). [F., fr. parer to defend + dos +back, L. dorsum.] (Fort.) An intercepting mound, erected in any part of +a fortification to protect the defenders from a rear or ricochet fire; +a traverse. Farrow. + +Par`a*dox (?), n.; pl. Paradoxes (#). [F. paradoxe, L. paradoxum, fr. +Gr. &?;; para` beside, beyond, contrary to + &?; to think, suppose, +imagine. See Para-, and Dogma.] A tenet or proposition contrary to +received opinion; an assertion or sentiment seemingly contradictory, or +opposed to common sense; that which in appearance or terms is absurd, +but yet may be true in fact. + + A gloss there is to color that paradox, and make it appear in show + not to be altogether unreasonable. + + +Hooker. + + This was sometime a paradox, but now the time gives it proof. + + +Shak. + +Hydrostatic paradox. See under Hydrostatic. + +Par"a*dox`al (?), a. Paradoxical. [Obs.] + +Par`a*dox"ic*al (?), a. 1. Of the nature of a paradox. + +2. Inclined to paradoxes, or to tenets or notions contrary to received +opinions. Southey. + +-- Par`a*dox"ic*al*ly, adv. -- Par`a*dox"ic*al*ness, n. + +Par"a*dox`er (?), n., Par"a*dox`ist (&?;), n. One who proposes a +paradox. + +||Par`a*dox"i*des (?), n. [NL.] (Paleon.) A genus of large trilobites +||characteristic of the primordial formations. + +Par`a*dox*ol"o*gy (?), n. [Paradox + -logy.] The use of paradoxes. +[Obs.] Sir T. Browne. + +Par`a*dox"ure (-dks"r), n. [Gr. para`doxos incredible, paradoxical + +o'yra` tail. So called because its tail is unlike that of the other +animals to which it was supposed to be related.] (Zoˆl.) Any species of +Paradoxurus, a genus of Asiatic viverrine mammals allied to the civet, +as the musang, and the luwack or palm cat (Paradoxurus hermaphroditus). +See Musang. + +Par"a*dox`y (?), n. 1. A paradoxical statement; a paradox. + +2. The quality or state of being paradoxical. Coleridge + +{ Par"af*fin (pr"f*fn), Par"af*fine (?) }, n. [F. paraffine, fr. L. +parum too little + affinis akin. So named in allusion to its chemical +inactivity.] (Chem.) A white waxy substance, resembling spermaceti, +tasteless and odorless, and obtained from coal tar, wood tar, +petroleum, etc., by distillation. It is used as an illuminant and +lubricant. It is very inert, not being acted upon by most of the strong +chemical reagents. It was formerly regarded as a definite compound, but +is now known to be a complex mixture of several higher hydrocarbons of +the methane or marsh-gas series; hence, by extension, any substance, +whether solid, liquid, or gaseous, of the same chemical series; thus +coal gas and kerosene consist largely of paraffins. + +In the present chemical usage this word is spelt paraffin, but in +commerce it is commonly spelt paraffine. + +Native paraffin. See Ozocerite. - - Paraffin series. See Methane +series, under Methane. + +Par"age, n. [F., fr. L. par, adj., equal. Cf. Peerage, Peer an equal.] +1. (Old Eng. Law) Equality of condition, blood, or dignity; also, +equality in the partition of an inheritance. Spelman. + +2. (Feudal Law) Equality of condition between persons holding unequal +portions of a fee. Burrill. + +<! p. 1040 !> + +3. Kindred; family; birth. [Obs.] Ld. Berners. + + We claim to be of high parage. + + +Chaucer. + +Par`a*gen"e*sis (pr`*jn"*ss), n. [Pref. para- + genesis.] (Min.) The +science which treats of minerals with special reference to their +origin. + +Par`a*gen"ic (-k), a. [Pref. para- + the root of ge`nos birth.] (Biol.) +Originating in the character of the germ, or at the first commencement +of an individual; -- said of peculiarities of structure, character, +etc. + +Par`a*glob"u*lin (-glb"*ln), n. [Pref. para- + globulin.] (Physiol. +Chem.) An albuminous body in blood serum, belonging to the group of +globulins. See Fibrinoplastin. + +||Par`a*glos"sa (-gls"s), n.; pl. ParaglossÊ (- s). [NL., from Gr. +||para` beside + glw^ssa tongue.] (Zoˆl.) One of a pair of small +||appendages of the lingua or labium of certain insects. See Illust. +||under Hymenoptera. + +Par"ag*nath (?), n. (Zoˆl.) Same as Paragnathus. + +Pa*rag"na*thous (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Having both mandibles of equal length, +the tips meeting, as in certain birds. + +||Pa*rag"na*thus (?), n.; pl. Paragnathi (#). [NL. See Para-, and +||Gnathic.] (Zoˆl.) (a) One of the two lobes which form the lower lip, +||or metastome, of Crustacea. (b) One of the small, horny, toothlike +||jaws of certain annelids. + +||Par`a*go"ge (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?;, from &?; to lead beside, +||protract; para` beside + &?; to lead.] 1. (Gram.) The addition of a +||letter or syllable to the end of a word, as withouten for without. + +2. (Med.) Coaptation. [Obs.] Dunglison. + +{ Par`a*gog"ic (?), Par`a*gog"ic*al (?), } a. [Cf. F. paragogique.] Of, +pertaining to, or constituting, a paragoge; added to the end of, or +serving to lengthen, a word. + +Paragogic letters, in the Semitic languages, letters which are added to +the ordinary forms of words, to express additional emphasis, or some +change in the sense. + +Par"a*gon (?), n. [OF. paragon, F. parangon; cf. It. paragone, Sp. +paragon, parangon; prob. fr. Gr. &?; to rub against; para` beside + &?; +whetstone; cf. LGr. &?; a polishing stone.] 1. A companion; a match; an +equal. [Obs.] Spenser. + + Philoclea, who indeed had no paragon but her sister. + + +Sir P. Sidney. + +2. Emulation; rivalry; competition. [Obs.] + + Full many feats adventurous Performed, in paragon of proudest men. + + +Spenser. + +3. A model or pattern; a pattern of excellence or perfection; as, a +paragon of beauty or eloquence. Udall. + + Man, . . . the paragon of animals ! + + +Shak. + + The riches of sweet Mary's son, Boy-rabbi, Israel's paragon. + + +Emerson. + +4. (Print.) A size of type between great primer and double pica. See +the Note under Type. + +Par"a*gon, v. t. [Cf. OF. paragonner, F. parangonner.] + +1. To compare; to parallel; to put in rivalry or emulation with. [Obs.] +Sir P. Sidney. + +2. To compare with; to equal; to rival. [R.] Spenser. + + In arms anon to paragon the morn, The morn new rising. + + +Glover. + +3. To serve as a model for; to surpass. [Obs.] + + He hath achieved a maid That paragons description and wild fame. + + +Shak. + +Par"a*gon, v. i. To be equal; to hold comparison. [R.] + + Few or none could . . . paragon with her. + + +Shelton. + +Pa*rag"o*nite (?), n. [From Gr. &?;, p. pr. of &?; to mislead.] (Min.) +A kind of mica related to muscovite, but containing soda instead of +potash. It is characteristic of the paragonite schist of the Alps. + +Par"a*gram (?), n. [Gr. &?; that which one writes beside. See +Paragraph.] A pun. + + Puns, which he calls paragrams. + + +Addison. + +Par`a*gram"ma*tist (?), n. A punster. + +||Pa`ra*gran"di*ne (?), n. [It., from parare to parry + grandine hail.] +||An instrument to avert the occurrence of hailstorms. See ParagrÍle. +||Knight. + +Par"a*graph (?), n. [F. paragraphe, LL. paragraphus, fr. Gr. +para`grafos (sc. grammh`) a line or stroke drawn in the margin, fr. +paragra`fein to write beside; para` beside + gra`fein to write. See +Para- , and Graphic, and cf. Paraph.] 1. Originally, a marginal mark or +note, set in the margin to call attention to something in the text, e. +g., a change of subject; now, the character ∂, commonly used in the +text as a reference mark to a footnote, or to indicate the place of a +division into sections. + +This character is merely a modification of a capital P (the initial of +the word paragraph), the letter being reversed, and the black part made +white and the white part black for the sake of distinctiveness. + +2. A distinct part of a discourse or writing; any section or +subdivision of a writing or chapter which relates to a particular +point, whether consisting of one or many sentences. The division is +sometimes noted by the mark &?;, but usually, by beginning the first +sentence of the paragraph on a new line and at more than the usual +distance from the margin. + +3. A brief composition complete in one typographical section or +paragraph; an item, remark, or quotation comprised in a few lines +forming one paragraph; as, a column of news paragraphs; an editorial +paragraph. + +Par"a*graph, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Paragraphed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Paragraphing.] + +1. To divide into paragraphs; to mark with the character ∂. + +2. To express in the compass of a paragraph; as, to paragraph an +article. + +3. To mention in a paragraph or paragraphs + +Par"a*graph`er (?), n. A writer of paragraphs; a paragraphist. + +{ Par`a*graph"ic (?), Par`a*graph"ic*al (?), } a. Pertaining to, or +consisting of, a paragraph or paragraphs. -- Par`a*graph"ic*al*ly, adv. + +Par"a*graph`ist (?), n. A paragrapher. + +Par`a*gra*phis"tic*al (?), a. Of or relating to a paragraphist. [R.] +Beau. & Fl. + +Pa*ra" grass` (?). (Bot.) A valuable pasture grass (Panicum barbinode) +introduced into the Southern United States from Brazil. + +||Pa`ra`grÍle" (?), n. [F., fr. parer to guard + grÍle hail.] A +||lightning conductor erected, as in a vineyard, for drawing off the +||electricity in the atmosphere in order to prevent hailstorms. +||[France] Knight. + +Par`a*guay"an (?), a. Of or pertaining to Paraguay. -- n. A native or +inhabitant of Paraguay. + +Pa`ra*guay" tea" (?). See Mate, the leaf of the Brazilian holly. + +Par"ail (?), n. See Apparel. [Obs.] "In the parail of a pilgrim." Piers +Plowman. + +Par"a*keet` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) Same as Parrakeet. + +Par`a*lac"tic (?), a. [Pref. para- + lactic.] (Physiol. Chem.) +Designating an acid called paralactic acid. See Lactic acid, under +Lactic. + +Par`al*bu"min (?), n. [Pref. para- + albumin.] (Physiol. Chem.) A +proteidlike body found in the fluid from ovarian cysts and elsewhere. +It is generally associated with a substance related to, if not +identical with, glycogen. + +Par*al"de*hyde (?), n. [Pref. para- + aldehyde.] (Chem.) A polymeric +modification of aldehyde obtained as a white crystalline substance. + +||Par`a*leip"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to leave on one +||side, to omit; para` beside + &?; to leave.] (Rhet.) A pretended or +||apparent omission; a figure by which a speaker artfully pretends to +||pass by what he really mentions; as, for example, if an orator should +||say, "I do not speak of my adversary's scandalous venality and +||rapacity, his brutal conduct, his treachery and malice." [Written +||also paralepsis, paralepsy, paralipsis.] + +||Par`a*lep"sis (?), n. [NL.] See Paraleipsis. + +Pa*ra"li*an (?), n. [Gr. &?; near the sea; para` beside + &?; the sea.] +A dweller by the sea. [R.] + +||Par`a*li*pom"e*non (?), n. pl. [L., fr. Gr. paraleipome`nwn of things +||omitted, pass. p. pr. (neuter genitive plural) fr. &?; to omit.] A +||title given in the Douay Bible to the Books of Chronicles. + +In the Septuagint these books are called Paraleipome`nwn prw^ton and +dey`teron, which is understood, after Jerome's explanation, as meaning +that they are supplementary to the Books of Kings W. Smith. + +Par`a*lip"sis (?), n. [NL.] See Paraleipsis. + +{ Par`al*lac"tic (?), Par`al*lac"tic*al (?), } a. [Cf. F. +parallactique.] Of or pertaining to a parallax. + +Par"al*lax (?), n. [Gr. &?; alternation, the mutual inclination of two +lines forming an angle, fr. &?; to change a little, go aside, deviate; +para` beside, beyond + &?; to change: cf. F. parallaxe. Cf. Parallel.] +1. The apparent displacement, or difference of position, of an object, +as seen from two different stations, or points of view. + +2. (Astron.) The apparent difference in position of a body (as the sun, +or a star) as seen from some point on the earth's surface, and as seen +from some other conventional point, as the earth's center or the sun. + +Annual parallax, the greatest value of the heliocentric parallax, or +the greatest annual apparent change of place of a body as seen from the +earth and sun; as, the annual parallax of a fixed star. -- Binocular +parallax, the apparent difference in position of an object as seen +separately by one eye, and then by the other, the head remaining +unmoved. -- Diurnal, or Geocentric, parallax, the parallax of a body +with reference to the earth's center. This is the kind of parallax that +is generally understood when the term is used without qualification. -- +Heliocentric parallax, the parallax of a body with reference to the +sun, or the angle subtended at the body by lines drawn from it to the +earth and sun; as, the heliocentric parallax of a planet. -- Horizontal +parallax, the geocentric parallx of a heavenly body when in the +horizon, or the angle subtended at the body by the earth's radius. -- +Optical parallax, the apparent displacement in position undergone by an +object when viewed by either eye singly. Brande & C. -- Parallax of the +cross wires (of an optical instrument), their apparent displacement +when the eye changes its position, caused by their not being exactly in +the focus of the object glass. -- Stellar parallax, the annual parallax +of a fixed star. + +Par"al*lel (?), a. [F. parallËle, L. parallelus, fr. Gr. &?;; para` +beside + &?; of one another, fr. &?; other, akin to L. alius. See +Allien.] 1. (Geom.) Extended in the same direction, and in all parts +equally distant; as, parallel lines; parallel planes. + + Revolutions . . . parallel to the equinoctial. + + +Hakluyt. + +Curved lines or curved planes are said to be parallel when they are in +all parts equally distant. + +2. Having the same direction or tendency; running side by side; being +in accordance (with); tending to the same result; -- used with to and +with. + + When honor runs parallel with the laws of God and our country, it + can not be too much cherished. + + +Addison. + +3. Continuing a resemblance through many particulars; applicable in all +essential parts; like; similar; as, a parallel case; a parallel +passage. Addison. + +Parallel bar. (a) (Steam Eng.) A rod in a parallel motion which is +parallel with the working beam. (b) One of a pair of bars raised about +five feet above the floor or ground, and parallel to each other, -- +used for gymnastic exercises. -- Parallel circles of a sphere, those +circles of the sphere whose planes are parallel to each other. -- +Parallel columns, or Parallels (Printing), two or more passages of +reading matter printed side by side, for the purpose of emphasizing the +similarity or discrepancy between them. -- Parallel forces (Mech.), +forces which act in directions parallel to each other. -- Parallel +motion. (a) (Mach.) A jointed system of links, rods, or bars, by which +the motion of a reciprocating piece, as a piston rod, may be guided, +either approximately or exactly in a straight line. Rankine. (b) (Mus.) +The ascending or descending of two or more parts at fixed intervals, as +thirds or sixths. -- Parallel rod (Locomotive Eng.), a metal rod that +connects the crank pins of two or more driving wheels; -- called also +couping rod, in distinction from the connecting rod. See Illust. of +Locomotive, in App. -- Parallel ruler, an instrument for drawing +parallel lines, so constructed as to have the successive positions of +the ruling edge parallel to each other; also, one consisting of two +movable parts, the opposite edges of which are always parallel. - - +Parallel sailing (Naut.), sailing on a parallel of latitude. -- +Parallel sphere (Astron. & Geog.), that position of the sphere in which +the circles of daily motion are parallel to the horizon, as to an +observer at either pole. -- Parallel vise, a vise having jaws so guided +as to remain parallel in all positions. + +Par"al*lel (?), n. 1. A line which, throughout its whole extent, is +equidistant from another line; a parallel line, a parallel plane, etc. + + Who made the spider parallels design, Sure as De Moivre, without + rule or line ? + + +Pope. + +2. Direction conformable to that of another line, + + Lines that from their parallel decline. + + +Garth. + +3. Conformity continued through many particulars or in all essential +points; resemblance; similarity. + + Twixt earthly females and the moon All parallels exactly run. + + +Swift. + +4. A comparison made; elaborate tracing of similarity; as, Johnson's +parallel between Dryden and Pope. + +5. Anything equal to, or resembling, another in all essential +particulars; a counterpart. + + None but thyself can be thy parallel. + + +Pope. + +6. (Geog.) One of the imaginary circles on the surface of the earth, +parallel to the equator, marking the latitude; also, the corresponding +line on a globe or map. + +7. (Mil.) One of a series of long trenches constructed before a +besieged fortress, by the besieging force, as a cover for troops +supporting the attacking batteries. They are roughly parallel to the +line of outer defenses of the fortress. + +8. (Print.) A character consisting of two parallel vertical lines +(thus, ||) used in the text to direct attention to a similarly marked +note in the margin or at the foot of a page. + +Limiting parallels. See under Limit, v. t. -- Parallel of altitude +(Astron.), one of the small circles of the sphere, parallel to the +horizon; an almucantar. -- Parallel of declination (Astron.), one of +the small circles of the sphere, parallel to the equator. -- Parallel +of latitude. (a) (Geog.) See def. 6. above. (b) (Astron.) One of the +small circles of the sphere, parallel to the ecliptic. + +Par"al*lel, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Paralleled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Paralleling (?).] 1. To place or set so as to be parallel; to place so +as to be parallel to, or to conform in direction with, something else. + + The needle . . . doth parallel and place itself upon the true + meridian. + + +Sir T. Browne. + +2. Fig.: To make to conform to something else in character, motive, +aim, or the like. + + His life is paralleled Even with the stroke and line of his great + justice. + + +Shak. + +3. To equal; to match; to correspond to. Shak. + +4. To produce or adduce as a parallel. [R.] Locke. + + My young remembrance can not parallel A fellow to it. + + +Shak. + +Par"al*lel, v. i. To be parallel; to correspond; to be like. [Obs.] +Bacon. + +Par"al*lel`a*ble (?), a. Capable of being paralleled, or equaled. [R.] +Bp. Hall. + +Par"al*lel*ism (?), n. [Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to place side by side, or +parallel: cf. F. parallÈlisme.] + +1. The quality or state of being parallel. + +2. Resemblance; correspondence; similarity. + + A close parallelism of thought and incident. + + +T. Warton. + +3. Similarity of construction or meaning of clauses placed side by +side, especially clauses expressing the same sentiment with slight +modifications, as is common in Hebrew poetry; e. g.: -- + + + At her feet he bowed, he fell: Where he bowed, there he fell down + dead. + + +Judg. v. 27. + +Par`al*lel*is"tic (?), a. Of the nature of a parallelism; involving +parallelism. + + The antithetic or parallelistic form of Hebrew poetry is entirely + lost. + + +Milman. + +Par"al*lel*ize (?), v. t. To render parallel. [R.] + +Par"al*lel*less, a. Matchless. [R.] + +Par"al*lel*ly, adv. In a parallel manner; with parallelism. [R.] Dr. H. +More. + +Par`al*lel"o*gram (?), n. [Gr. &?;; &?; parallel + &?; to write: cf. F. +parallÈlogramme. See Parallel, and -gram.] (Geom.) A right-lined +quadrilateral figure, whose opposite sides are parallel, and +consequently equal; -- sometimes restricted in popular usage to a +rectangle, or quadrilateral figure which is longer than it is broad, +and with right angles. + +Parallelogram of velocities, forces, accelerations, momenta, etc. +(Mech.), a parallelogram the diagonal of which represents the resultant +of two velocities, forces, accelerations, momenta, etc., both in +quantity and direction, when the velocities, forces, accelerations, +momenta, etc., are represented in quantity and direction by the two +adjacent sides of the parallelogram. + +Par`al*lel`o*gram*mat"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to a parallelogram; +parallelogrammic. + +<! p. 1041 !> + +{ Par`al*lel`o*gram"mic (?), Par`al*lel`o*gram"mic*al (?), } a. Having +the properties of a parallelogram. [R.] + +Par`al*lel`o*pi"ped (?), n. [Gr. &?; a body with parallel surfaces; &?; +parallel + &?; a plane surface, &?; on the ground, or level with it, +level, flat; &?; on + &?; the ground: cf. F. parallÈlopipËde.] (Geom.) +A solid, the faces of which are six parallelograms, the opposite pairs +being parallel, and equal to each other; a prism whose base is a +parallelogram. + +Par`al*lel`o*pip"e*don (?), n. [NL.] A parallelopiped. Hutton. + +Par`a*log"ic*al (?), a. Containing paralogism; illogical. "Paralogical +doubt." Sir T. Browne. + +Pa*ral"o*gism (?), n. [Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to reason falsely; para` beside ++ &?; to reason, &?; discourse, reason: cf. F. paralogisme.] (Logic) A +reasoning which is false in point of form, that is, which is contrary +to logical rules or formulÊ; a formal fallacy, or pseudo- syllogism, in +which the conclusion does not follow from the premises. + +Pa*ral"o*gize (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Paralogized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Paralogizing (?).] [Gr. &?;.] To reason falsely; to draw conclusions +not warranted by the premises. [R.] + +Pa*ral"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. &?;; para` beside, beyond + &?; reason.] False +reasoning; paralogism. + +Par"a*lyse (?), v. t. Same as Paralyze. + +Pa*ral"y*sis (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to loosen, dissolve, or +disable at the side; para` beside + &?; to loosen. See Para-, and +Loose, and cf. Palsy.] (Med.) Abolition of function, whether complete +or partial; esp., the loss of the power of voluntary motion, with or +without that of sensation, in any part of the body; palsy. See +Hemiplegia, and Paraplegia. Also used figuratively. "Utter paralysis of +memory." G. Eliot. + + Mischievous practices arising out of the paralysis of the powers of + ownership. + + +Duke of Argyll (1887). + +Par`a*lyt"ic (?), a. [L. paralyticus, Gr. &?;: cf. F. paralytique.] 1. +Of or pertaining to paralysis; resembling paralysis. + +2. Affected with paralysis, or palsy. + + The cold, shaking, paralytic hand. + + +Prior. + +3. Inclined or tending to paralysis. + +Paralytic secretion (Physiol.), the fluid, generally thin and watery, +secreted from a gland after section or paralysis of its nerves, as the +pralytic saliva. + +Par`a*lyt"ic, n. A person affected with paralysis. + +Par`a*lyt"ic*al (?), a. See Paralytic. + +Par`a*ly*za"tion (?), n. The act or process of paralyzing, or the state +of being paralyzed. + +Par"a*lyze (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Paralyzed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Paralyzing (?).] [F. paralyser. See Paralysis.] + +1. To affect or strike with paralysis or palsy. + +2. Fig.: To unnerve; to destroy or impair the energy of; to render +ineffective; as, the occurrence paralyzed the community; despondency +paralyzed his efforts. + +Par"am (?), n. (Chem.) A white crystalline nitrogenous substance +(C2H4N4); -- called also dicyandiamide. + +Par`a*mag*net"ic (?), a. [Pref. para- + magnetic.] Magnetic, as +opposed to diamagnetic. -- n. A paramagnetic substance. Faraday. -- +Par`a*mag*net"ic*al*ly (#), adv. + +Par`a*mag"net*ism (?), n. Magnetism, as opposed to diamagnetism. +Faraday. + +Par`a*ma*le"ic (?), a. [Pref. para- + maleic.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, +or designating, an acid obtained from malic acid, and now called +fumaric acid. [Obs.] + +Par`a*ma"lic (?), a. [Pref. para- + malic.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or +designating, an organic acid metameric with malic acid. + +Par`a*mas"toid (?), a. [Pref. para- + mastoid.] (Anat.) Situated +beside, or near, the mastoid portion of the temporal bone; +paroccipital; -- applied especially to a process of the skull in some +animals. + +Par`a*mat"ta (?), n. [So named from Paramatta, in Australia.] A light +fabric of cotton and worsted, resembling bombazine or merino. Beck +(Draper's Dict.) + +Par"a*ment (?), n. [Sp. paramento, from parar to prepare, L. parare.] +Ornamental hangings, furniture, etc., as of a state apartment; rich and +elegant robes worn by men of rank; -- chiefly in the plural. [Obs.] + + Lords in paraments on their coursers. + + +Chaucer. + +Chamber of paraments, presence chamber of a monarch. + +||Pa`ra*men"to (?), n. [Sp.] Ornament; decoration. Beau. & Fl. + +Par"a*mere (?), n. [Pref. para- + -mere.] (Zoˆl.) One of the +symmetrical halves of any one of the radii, or spheromeres, of a +radiate animal, as a starfish. + +Pa*ram"e*ter (?), n. [Pref. para- + -meter: cf. F. paramËtre.] 1. (a) +(Math.) A term applied to some characteristic magnitude whose value, +invariable as long as one and the same function, curve, surface, etc., +is considered, serves to distinguish that function, curve, surface, +etc., from others of the same kind or family. Brande & C. (b) +Specifically (Conic Sections), in the ellipse and hyperbola, a third +proportional to any diameter and its conjugate, or in the parabola, to +any abscissa and the corresponding ordinate. + +The parameter of the principal axis of a conic section is called the +latus rectum. + +2. (Crystallog.) The ratio of the three crystallographic axes which +determines the position of any plane; also, the fundamental axial ratio +for a given species. + +||Par`a*me*tri"tis (?), n. [NL. See Para-, and Metritis.] (Med.) +||Inflammation of the cellular tissue in the vicinity of the uterus. + +Par`a*mi*og"ra*pher (?), n. [Gr. &?; proverb + -graph + -er.] A +collector or writer of proverbs. [R.] + +Par`a*mi"tome (?), n. [Pref. para- + mitome.] (Biol.) The fluid +portion of the protoplasm of a cell. + +||Pa"ra*mo (?), n.; pl. Paramos (#). [Sp. pÊramo.] A high, bleak +||plateau or district, with stunted trees, and cold, damp atmosphere, +||as in the Andes, in South America. + +Par"a*morph (?), n. [Pref. para- + Gr. &?; form.] (Min.) A kind of +pseudomorph, in which there has been a change of physical characters +without alteration of chemical composition, as the change of aragonite +to calcite. + +Par`a*mor"phism (?), n. (Min.) The change of one mineral species to +another, so as to involve a change in physical characters without +alteration of chemical composition. + +Par`a*mor"phous (?), a. (Min.) Relating to paramorphism; exhibiting +paramorphism. + +Par"a*mount (?), a. [OF. par amont above; par through, by (L. per) + +amont above. See Amount.] Having the highest rank or jurisdiction; +superior to all others; chief; supreme; preÎminent; as, a paramount +duty. "A traitor paramount." Bacon. + +Lady paramount (Archery), the lady making the best score. -- Lord +paramount, the king. + +Syn. Superior; principal; preÎminent; chief. + +Par"a*mount, n. The highest or chief. Milton. + +Par"a*mount`ly, adv. In a paramount manner. + +Par"a*mour (?), n. [F. par amour, lit., by or with love. See 2d Par, +and Amour.] 1. A lover, of either sex; a wooer or a mistress (formerly +in a good sense, now only in a bad one); one who takes the place, +without possessing the rights, of a husband or wife; -- used of a man +or a woman. + + The seducer appeared with dauntless front, accompanied by his + paramour + + +Macaulay. + +2. Love; gallantry. [Obs.] "For paramour and jollity." Chaucer. + +{ Par"a*mour`, Par"a*mours` (?) }, adv. By or with love, esp. the love +of the sexes; -- sometimes written as two words. [Obs.] + + For par amour, I loved her first ere thou. + + +Chaucer. + +Par*am"y*lum (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. para` beside + &?; starch.] (Chem.) +A substance resembling starch, found in the green frothy scum formed on +the surface of stagnant water. + +Par`a*naph"tha*lene (?), n. [Pref. para- + naphthalene.] (Chem.) +Anthracene; -- called also paranaphthaline. [Obs.] + +||Par`a*noi"a (pr`*noi"), n. [NL., fr. Gr. para`noia.] (Med.) Mental +||derangement; insanity. + +Par*an"thra*cene (?), n. [Pref. para- + anthracene.] (Chem.) An inert +isomeric modification of anthracene. + +Par`a*nu"cle*us (?), n. [Pref. para- + nucleus.] (Biol.) Some as +Nucleolus. + +Pa*ra" nut` (p*r‰" nt`). (Bot.) The Brazil nut. + +Par"a*nymph (?), n. [L. paranymphus, Gr. &?;; para` beside, near + &?; +a bride: cf. F. paranymphe.] 1. (Gr. Antiq.) (a) A friend of the +bridegroom who went with him in his chariot to fetch home the bride. +Milton. (b) The bridesmaid who conducted the bride to the bridegroom. + +2. Hence: An ally; a supporter or abettor. Jer. Taylor. + +Par`a*nym"phal (?), a. Bridal; nuptial. [R.] + + At some paranymphal feast. + + +Ford. + +Par`a*pec"tin (?), n. [Pref. para- + pectin.] (Chem.) A gelatinous +modification of pectin. + +Par"a*pegm (?), n. [L. parapegma, Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to fix beside; para` +beside + &?; to fix: cf. F. parapegme.] An engraved tablet, usually of +brass, set up in a public place. + +Parapegms were used for the publication of laws, proclamations, etc., +and the recording of astronomical phenomena or calendar events. + +Par`a*pep"tone (?), n. [Pref. para- + peptone.] (Phisiol. Chem.) An +albuminous body formed in small quantity by the peptic digestion of +proteids. It can be converted into peptone by pancreatic juice, but not +by gastric juice. + +Par"a*pet (?), n. [F., fr. It. parapetto, fr. parare to ward off, guard +(L. parare to prepare, provide) + petto the breast, L. pectus. See +Parry, and Pectoral.] + +1. (Arch.) A low wall, especially one serving to protect the edge of a +platform, roof, bridge, or the like. + +2. (Fort.) A wall, rampart, or elevation of earth, for covering +soldiers from an enemy's fire; a breastwork. See Illust. of Casemate. + +Par`a*pet"al*ous (?), a. [Pref. para- + petal.] (Bot.) Growing by the +side of a petal, as a stamen. + +Par"a*pet`ed, a. Having a parapet. + +Par"aph (?), n. [F. paraphe, parafe, contr. fr. paragraphe.] A flourish +made with the pen at the end of a signature. In the Middle Ages, this +formed a sort of rude safeguard against forgery. Brande & C. + +Par"aph, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Paraphed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Paraphing.] +[Cf. F. parapher, parafer.] To add a paraph to; to sign, esp. with the +initials. + +||Par`a*pher"na (?), n. pl. [L.] (Rom. Law) The property of a woman +||which, on her marriage, was not made a part of her dower, but +||remained her own. + +Par`a*pher"nal (?), a. [Cf. F. paraphernal.] Of or pertaining to +paraphernalia; as, paraphernal property. Kent. + +Par`a*pher*na"li*a (?), n. pl. [LL. paraphernalia bona, fr. L. +parapherna, pl., parapherna, Gr. &?;; para` beside + &?; a bride's +dowry, fr. fe`rein to bring. See 1st Bear.] + +1. (Law) Something reserved to a wife, over and above her dower, being +chiefly apparel and ornaments suited to her degree. + +2. Appendages; ornaments; finery; equipments. + +||Par`a*phi*mo"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;; &?; beyond + &?; to +||muzzle.] (Med.) A condition in which the prepuce, after being +||retracted behind the glans penis, is constricted there, and can not +||be brought forward into place again. + +Par`a*phos*phor"ic (?), a. [Pref. para- + phosphoric.] (Chem.) +Pyrophosphoric. [Obs.] + +||Par`a*phrag"ma (-frg"m), n.; pl. Paraphragmata (#). [NL., fr. Gr. +||para` beside + &?;, &?;, an inclosure.] (Zoˆl.) One of the outer +||divisions of an endosternite of Crustacea. -- Par`a*phrag"mal (#), a. + +Par"a*phrase (pr"*frz), n. [L. paraphrasis, Gr. para`frasis, from +parafra`zein to say the same thing in other words; para` beside + +fra`zein to speak: cf. F. paraphrase. See Para-, and Phrase.] A +restatement of a text, passage, or work, expressing the meaning of the +original in another form, generally for the sake of its clearer and +fuller exposition; a setting forth the signification of a text in other +and ampler terms; a free translation or rendering; -- opposed to +metaphrase. + + In paraphrase, or translation with latitude, the author's words are + not so strictly followed as his sense. + + +Dryden. + + Excellent paraphrases of the Psalms of David. + + +I. Disraeli. + + His sermons a living paraphrase upon his practice. + + +Sowth. + + The Targums are also called the Chaldaic or Aramaic Paraphrases. + + +Shipley. + +Par"a*phrase, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Paraphrased (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Paraphrasing (?).] To express, interpret, or translate with latitude; +to give the meaning of a passage in other language. + + We are put to construe and paraphrase our own words. + + +Bp. Stillingfleet. + +Par"a*phrase, v. i. To make a paraphrase. + +Par"a*phra`ser (?), n. One who paraphrases. + +Par`a*phra"sian (?), n. A paraphraser. [R.] + +Par"a*phrast (?), n. [L. paraphrastes, Gr. &?;: cf. F. paraphraste.] A +paraphraser. T. Warton. + +{ Par`a*phras"tic (?), Par`a*phras"tic*al (?), } a. [Gr.&?;: cf. F. +paraphrastique.] Paraphrasing; of the nature of paraphrase; explaining, +or translating in words more clear and ample than those of the author; +not literal; free. -- Par`a*phras"tic*al*ly, adv. + +||Pa*raph"y*sis (?), n.; pl. Paraphyses (#). [NL., fr. Gr. para` beside +||+ &?; growth.] (Bot.) A minute jointed filament growing among the +||archegonia and antheridia of mosses, or with the spore cases, etc., +||of other flowerless plants. + +{ ||Par`a*ple"gi*a (?), Par"a*ple`gy (?), } n. [NL. paraplegia, fr. Gr. +&?; hemiplegia, fr. &?; to strike at the side; para` beside + &?; to +strike: cf. F. paraplÈgie.] (Med.) Palsy of the lower half of the body +on both sides, caused usually by disease of the spinal cord. -- +Par`a*pleg"ic (#), a. + +||Par`a*pleu"ra (?), n.; pl. ParapleurÊ (#). [NL. See Para-, and 2d +||Pleura.] (Zoˆl.) A chitinous piece between the metasternum and the +||pleuron of certain insects. + +||Par`a*po"di*um (?), n.; pl. Parapodia (#). [NL., fr. Gr. para` beside +||+ &?;, dim. of &?; foot.] (Zoˆl.) One of the lateral appendages of an +||annelid; -- called also foot tubercle. + +They may serve for locomotion, respiration, and sensation, and often +contain spines or setÊ. When well developed, a dorsal part, or +notopodium, and a ventral part, or neuropodium, are distinguished. + +Par`a*poph"y*sis (?), n.; pl. Parapophyses (#). [NL. See Para-, and +Apophysis.] (Anat.) The ventral transverse, or capitular, process of a +vertebra. See Vertebra. -- Par*ap`o*phys"ic*al (#), a. + +||Pa*rap"te*rum (?), n.; pl. Paraptera (#). [NL. See Para-, and +||Pteron.] (Zoˆl.) A special plate situated on the sides of the +||mesothorax and metathorax of certain insects. + +{ Par`a*quet" (?), Par`a*qui"to (?), } n. [See Paroquet.] (Zoˆl.) See +Parrakeet. + +Par"a*sang (?), n. [L. parasanga, Gr. &?;, from Old Persian; cf. Per. +farsang.] A Persian measure of length, which, according to Herodotus +and Xenophon, was thirty stadia, or somewhat more than three and a half +miles. The measure varied in different times and places, and, as now +used, is estimated at from three and a half to four English miles. + +||Par`a*sce"ni*um (?), n.; pl. Parascenia (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?;; para` +||beside + &?; stage.] (Greek & Rom. Antiq.) One of two apartments +||adjoining the stage, probably used as robing rooms. + +||Par`a*sce"ve (?), n. [L., from Gr. &?;, lit., preparation.] 1. Among +||the Jews, the evening before the Sabbath. [Obs.] Mark xv. 42 (Douay +||ver.) + +2. A preparation. [R.] Donne. + +Par`a*sche*mat"ic (?), a. [Gr. &?; to change from the true form.] Of or +pertaining to a change from the right form, as in the formation of a +word from another by a change of termination, gender, etc. Max M¸ller. + +||Par`a*se*le"ne (?), n.; pl. ParaselenÊ (#). [NL., from Gr. para` +||beside + &?; the moon: cf. F. parasÈlËne.] (Meteor.) A mock moon; an +||image of the moon which sometimes appears at the point of +||intersection of two lunar halos. Cf. Parhelion. + +||Par`a*si"ta (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zoˆl.) (a) An artificial group +||formerly made for parasitic insects, as lice, ticks, mites, etc. (b) +||A division of copepod Crustacea, having a sucking mouth, as the +||lerneans. They are mostly parasites on fishes. Called also +||Siphonostomata. + +<! p. 1042 !> + +Par"a*si`tal (?), a. (Bot. & Zoˆl.) Of or pertaining to parasites; +parasitic. + +Par"a*site (?), n. [F., fr. L. parasitus, Gr. &?;, lit., eating beside, +or at the table of, another; para` beside + &?; to feed, from &?; +wheat, grain, food.] + +1. One who frequents the tables of the rich, or who lives at another's +expense, and earns his welcome by flattery; a hanger-on; a toady; a +sycophant. + + Thou, with trembling fear, Or like a fawning parasite, obey'st. + + +Milton. + + Parasites were called such smell-feasts as would seek to be free + guests at rich men's tables. + + +Udall. + +2. (Bot.) (a) A plant obtaining nourishment immediately from other +plants to which it attaches itself, and whose juices it absorbs; -- +sometimes, but erroneously, called epiphyte. (b) A plant living on or +within an animal, and supported at its expense, as many species of +fungi of the genus Torrubia. + +3. (Zoˆl.) (a) An animal which lives during the whole or part of its +existence on or in the body of some other animal, feeding upon its +food, blood, or tissues, as lice, tapeworms, etc. (b) An animal which +steals the food of another, as the parasitic jager. (c) An animal which +habitually uses the nest of another, as the cowbird and the European +cuckoo. + +{ Par`a*sit"ic (?), Par`a*sit"ic*al (?), } a. [L. parasiticus, Gr. &?;: +cf. F. parasitique.] + +1. Of the nature of a parasite; fawning for food or favors; +sycophantic. "Parasitic preachers." Milton. + +2. (Bot. & Zoˆl.) Of or pertaining to parasites; living on, or deriving +nourishment from, some other living animal or plant. See Parasite, 2 & +3. + +Parasitic gull, Parasitic jager. (Zoˆl.) See Jager. + +-- Par`a*sit"ic*al*ly, adv. -- Par`a*sit"ic*al*ness, n. + +Par`a*sit"i*cide (?), n. [Parasite + L. caedere to kill.] Anything used +to destroy parasites. Quain. + +Par"a*si`tism (?), n. [Cf. F. parasitisme.] + +1. The state or behavior of a parasite; the act of a parasite. "Court +parasitism." Milton. + +2. (Bot. & Zoˆl.)The state of being parasitic. + +Par"a*sol` (?), n. [F., fr. Sp. or Pg. parasol, or It. parasole; It. +parare to ward off, Sp. & Pg. parar (L. parare to prepare) + It. sole +sun, Sp. & Pg. sol (L. sol). See Parry, Solar.] A kind of small +umbrella used by women as a protection from the sun. + +Par"a*sol`, v. t. To shade as with a parasol. [R.] + +Par`a*sol*ette" (?), n. A small parasol. + +Par`a*sphe"noid (?), a. [Pref. para- + sphenoid.] (Anat.) Near the +sphenoid bone; - - applied especially to a bone situated immediately +beneath the sphenoid in the base of the skull in many animals. -- n. +The parasphenoid bone. + +Pa*ras"ti*chy (?), n. [Pref. para- + Gr. &?; a row.] (Bot.) A +secondary spiral in phyllotaxy, as one of the evident spirals in a pine +cone. + +||Par`a*syn*ax"is (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?;, from &?; to assemble +||illegally or secretly.] (Civil Law) An unlawful meeting. + +Par`a*syn*thet"ic (?), a. [Gr. &?;. See Para-, and Synthetic.] Formed +from a compound word. "Parasynthetic derivatives." Dr. Murray. + +Par`a*tac"tic (?), a. (Gram.) Of pertaining to, or characterized by, +parataxis. + +||Par`a*tax"is (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a placing beside, fr. &?; to +||place beside.] (Gram.) The mere ranging of propositions one after +||another, without indicating their connection or interdependence; -- +||opposed to syntax. Brande & C. + +||Pa*rath"e*sis (?), n.; pl. Paratheses (#). [NL., from Gr. &?; a +||putting beside, from &?; to put beside.] + +1. (Gram.) The placing of two or more nouns in the same case; +apposition. + +2. (Rhet.) A parenthetical notice, usually of matter to be afterward +expanded. Smart. + +3. (Print.) The matter contained within brackets. + +4. (Eccl.) A commendatory prayer. Shipley. + +Par`a*thet"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to parathesis. + +||Pa`ra`ton`nerre" (?), n. [F., fr. parer to parry + tonnerre +||thunderbolt.] A conductor of lightning; a lightning rod. + +Par*aun"ter (?), adv. [Par + aunter.] Peradventure. See Paraventure. +[Obs.] Chaucer. + +||Pa*rauque" (?), n. (Zoˆl.) A bird (Nyctidromus albicollis) ranging +||from Texas to South America. It is allied to the night hawk and +||goatsucker. + +Par`a*vail" (?), a. [OF. par aval below; par through (L. per) + aval +down; a- (L. ad) + val (L. vallis) a valley. Cf. Paramount.] (Eng. +Law) At the bottom; lowest. Cowell. + +In feudal law, the tenant paravail is the lowest tenant of the fee, or +he who is immediate tenant to one who holds over of another. Wharton. + +{ Par"a*vant` (?), Par"a*vant` (?), } adv. [OF. par avant. See Par, and +lst Avaunt.] + +1. In front; publicly. [Obs.] Spenser. + +2. Beforehand; first. [Obs.] Spenser. + +Par`a*ven"ture (?), adv. [Par + aventure.] Peradventure; perchance. +[Obs.] Chaucer. + +Par`a*xan"thin (?), n. [Pref. Para- + xanthin.] (Physiol. Chem.) A +crystalline substance closely related to xanthin, present in small +quantity in urine. + +Par*ax"i*al (?), a. [Pref. para- + axial.] (Anat.) On either side of +the axis of the skeleton. + +Par`a*xy"lene (?), n. (Chem.) A hydrocarbon of the aromatic series +obtained as a colorless liquid by the distillation of camphor with zinc +chloride. It is one of the three metamers of xylene. Cf. Metamer, and +Xylene. + +Par"boil` (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Parboiled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Parboiling.] [OE. parboilen, OF. parbouillir to cook well; par through +(see Par) + bouillir to boil, L. bullire. The sense has been influenced +by E. part. See lst Boil.] 1. To boil or cook thoroughly. [Obs.] B. +Jonson. + +2. To boil in part; to cook partially by boiling. + +Par"break` (?), v. i. & t. [Par + break.] To throw out; to vomit. +[Obs.] Skelton. + +Par"break`, n. Vomit. [Obs.] Spenser. + +Par"buc`kle (?), n. (a) A kind of purchase for hoisting or lowering a +cylindrical burden, as a cask. The middle of a long rope is made fast +aloft, and both parts are looped around the object, which rests in the +loops, and rolls in them as the ends are hauled up or payed out. (b) A +double sling made of a single rope, for slinging a cask, gun, etc. + +Par"buc`kle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Parbuckled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Parbuckling (?).] To hoist or lower by means of a parbuckle. Totten. + +Par"cÊ (?), n. pl. [L.] The Fates. See Fate, 4. + +Par*case" (?), adv. [Par + case.] Perchance; by chance. [Obs.] Chaucer. + +Par"cel (?), n. [F. parcelle a small part, fr. (assumed) LL. +particella, dim. of L. pars. See Part, n., and cf. Particle.] 1. A +portion of anything taken separately; a fragment of a whole; a part. +[Archaic] "A parcel of her woe." Chaucer. + + Two parcels of the white of an egg. + + +Arbuthnot. + + The parcels of the nation adopted different forms of + self-government. + + +J. A. Symonds. + +2. (Law) A part; a portion; a piece; as, a certain piece of land is +part and parcel of another piece. + +3. An indiscriminate or indefinite number, measure, or quantity; a +collection; a group. + + This youthful parcel Of noble bachelors stand at my disposing. + + +Shak. + +4. A number or quantity of things put up together; a bundle; a package; +a packet. + + 'Tis like a parcel sent you by the stage. + + +Cowper. + +Bill of parcels. See under 6th Bill. -- Parcel office, an office where +parcels are received for keeping or forwarding and delivery. -- Parcel +post, that department of the post office concerned with the collection +and transmission of parcels. -- Part and parcel. See under Part. + +Par"cel, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Parceled (?) or Parcelled; p. pr. & vb. n. +Parceling or Parcelling.] + +1. To divide and distribute by parts or portions; -- often with out or +into. "Their woes are parceled, mine are general." Shak. + + These ghostly kings would parcel out my power. + + +Dryden. + + The broad woodland parceled into farms. + + +Tennyson. + +2. To add a parcel or item to; to itemize. [R.] + + That mine own servant should Parcel the sum of my disgraces by + Addition of his envy. + + +Shak. + +3. To make up into a parcel; as, to parcel a customer's purchases; the +machine parcels yarn, wool, etc. + +To parcel a rope (Naut.), to wind strips of tarred canvas tightly +arround it. Totten. -- To parcel a seam (Naut.), to cover it with a +strip of tarred canvas. + +Par"cel, a. & adv. Part or half; in part; partially. Shak. [Sometimes +hyphened with the word following.] + + The worthy dame was parcel-blind. + + +Sir W. Scott. + + One that . . . was parcel-bearded [partially bearded]. + + +Tennyson. + +Parcel poet, a half poet; a poor poet. [Obs.] B. Jonson. + +Par"cel*ing, n. [Written also parcelling.] + +1. The act of dividing and distributing in portions or parts. + +2. (Naut.) Long, narrow slips of canvas daubed with tar and wound about +a rope like a bandage, before it is served; used, also, in mousing on +the stayes, etc. + +Par"cel-mele` (?), adv. [See Parcel, and Meal a part.] By parcels or +parts. [Obs.] Chaucer. + +Par"ce*na*ry (?), n. [See Parcener, partner.] (Law) The holding or +occupation of an inheritable estate which descends from the ancestor to +two or more persons; coheirship. + +It differs in many respects from joint tenancy, which is created by +deed or devise. In the United States there is no essential distinction +between parcenary and tenancy in common. Wharton. Kent. + +Par"ce*ner (?), n. [Of. parÁonnier, parsonnier, fr. parzon, parÁun, +parcion, part, portion, fr. L. partitio a division. See Partition, and +cf. Partner.] (Law) A coheir, or one of two or more persons to whom an +estate of inheritance descends jointly, and by whom it is held as one +estate. + +Parch (p‰rch), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Parched (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Parching.] [OE. perchen to pierce, hence used of a piercing heat or +cold, OF. perchier, another form of percier, F. percer. See Pierce.] 1. +To burn the surface of; to scorch; to roast over the fire, as dry +grain; as, to parch the skin; to parch corn. + + Ye shall eat neither bread, nor parched corn. + + +Lev. xxiii. 14. + +2. To dry to extremity; to shrivel with heat; as, the mouth is parched +from fever. + + The ground below is parched. + + +Dryden. + +Parch, v. i. To become scorched or superficially burnt; to be very dry. +"Parch in Afric sun." Shak. + +Parch"ed*ness, n. The state of being parched. + +Par*che"si (p‰r*ch"z), n. See Pachisi. + +Parch"ing (p‰rch"ng), a. Scorching; burning; drying. "Summer's parching +heat." Shak. -- Parch"ing*ly, adv. + +Parch"ment (-ment), n. [OE. parchemin, perchemin, F. parchemin, LL. +pergamenum, L. pergamena, pergamina, fr. L. Pergamenus of or belonging +to Pergamus an ancient city of Mysia in Asia Minor, where parchment was +first used.] 1. The skin of a lamb, sheep, goat, young calf, or other +animal, prepared for writing on. See Vellum. + + But here's a parchment with the seal of CÊsar. + + +Shak. + +2. The envelope of the coffee grains, inside the pulp. + +Parchment paper. See Papyrine. + +Par"ci*ty (?), n. [L. parcitas, fr. parcus sparing.] Sparingless. +[Obs.] + +Par"close (?), n. [OF. See Perclose.] (Eccl. Arch.) A screen separating +a chapel from the body of the church. [Written also paraclose and +perclose.] Hook. + +Pard (p‰rd), n. [L. pardus, Gr. pa`rdos; cf. Skr. pdku tiger, panther.] +(Zoˆl.) A leopard; a panther. + + And more pinch-spotted make them Than pard or cat o'mountain. + + +Shak. + +Par"dale (p‰r"dl), n. [L. pardalis, Gr. pa`rdalis. Cf. Pard.] (Zoˆl.) A +leopard. [Obs.] Spenser. + +{ Par*de" (?), Par*die" (?) }, adv. or interj. [F. pardi, for par Dieu +by God.] Certainly; surely; truly; verily; -- originally an oath. +[Written also pardee, pardieux, perdie, etc.] [Obs.] + + He was, parde, an old fellow of yours. + + +Chaucer. + +Par"dine (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Spotted like a pard. + +Pardine lynx (Zoˆl.), a species of lynx (Felis pardina) inhabiting +Southern Europe. Its color is rufous, spotted with black. + +Par"do (?), n. [Pg. pardao, fr. Skr. pratpa splendor, majesty.] A money +of account in Goa, India, equivalent to about 2s. 6d. sterling. or 60 +cts. + +Par"don (?), n. [F., fr. pardonner to pardon. See Pardon, v. t.] 1. The +act of pardoning; forgiveness, as of an offender, or of an offense; +release from penalty; remission of punishment; absolution. + + Pardon, my lord, for me and for my tidings. + + +Shak. + + But infinite in pardon was my judge. + + +Milton. + +Used in expressing courteous denial or contradiction; as, I crave your +pardon; or in indicating that one has not understood another; as, I beg +pardon. + +2. An official warrant of remission of penalty. + + Sign me a present pardon for my brother. + + +Shak. + +3. The state of being forgiven. South. + +4. (Law) A release, by a sovereign, or officer having jurisdiction, +from the penalties of an offense, being distinguished from amenesty, +which is a general obliteration and canceling of a particular line of +past offenses. + +Syn. -- Forgiveness; remission. See Forgiveness. + +Par"don, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pardoned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pardoning.] +[Either fr. pardon, n., or from F. pardonner, LL. perdonare; L. per +through, thoroughly, perfectly + donare to give, to present. See Par- , +and Donation.] 1. To absolve from the consequences of a fault or the +punishment of crime; to free from penalty; -- applied to the offender. + + In this thing the Lord pardon thy servant. + + +2 Kings v. 18. + + I pray you, pardon me; pray heartily, pardom me. + + +Shak. + +2. To remit the penalty of; to suffer to pass without punishment; to +forgive; -- applied to offenses. + + I pray thee, pardon my sin. + + +1 S&?;&?;. xv. 25. + + Apollo, pardon My great profaneness 'gainst thine oracle &?; + + +Shak. + +3. To refrain from exacting as a penalty. + + I pardon thee thy life before thou ask it. + + +Shak. + +4. To give leave (of departure) to. [Obs.] + + Even now about it! I will pardon you. + + +Shak. + +Pardon me, forgive me; excuse me; -- a phrase used also to express +courteous denial or contradiction. + +Syn. -- To forgive; absolve; excuse; overlook; remit; acquit. See +Excuse. + +Par"don*a*ble (?), a. [Cf. F. pardonnable.] Admitting of pardon; not +requiring the excution of penalty; venial; excusable; -- applied to the +offense or to the offender; as, a pardonable fault, or culprit. + +Par"don*a*ble*ness, n. The quality or state of being pardonable; as, +the pardonableness of sin. Bp. Hall. + +Par"don*a*bly, adv. In a manner admitting of pardon; excusably. Dryden. + +Par"don*er (?), n. 1. One who pardons. Shak. + +2. A seller of indulgences. [Obs.] Chaucer. + +Par"don*ing, a. Relating to pardon; having or exercising the right to +pardon; willing to pardon; merciful; as, the pardoning power; a +pardoning God. + +Pare (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pared (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Paring.] [F. +parer to pare, as a horse's hoofs, to dress or curry, as, leather, to +clear, as anchors or cables, to parry, ward off, fr. L. parare to +prepare. Cf. Empire, Parade, Pardon, Parry, Prepare.] 1. To cut off, or +shave off, the superficial substance or extremities of; as, to pare an +apple; to pare a horse's hoof. + +2. To remove; to separate; to cut or shave, as the skin, ring, or +outside part, from anything; -- followed by off or away; as; to pare +off the ring of fruit; to pare away redundancies. + +3. Fig.: To diminish the bulk of; to reduce; to lessen. + + The king began to pare a little the privilege of clergy. + + +Bacon. + +Par`e*gor"ic (?), a. [L. paregoricus, Gr. &?;, from &?; addressing, +encouraging, soothing; para` beside + &?; an assembly: cf. F. +parÈgorique. See Allegory.] Mitigating; assuaging or soothing pain; as, +paregoric elixir. + +Par`e*gor"ic, n. (Med.) A medicine that mitigates pain; an anodyne; +specifically, camphorated tincture of opium; -- called also paregoric +elexir. + +Pa*rel"con (?), n. [Gr. &?; to draw aside, to be redundant; para` +beside + &?; to draw.] (Gram.) The addition of a syllable or particle +to the end of a pronoun, verb, or adverb. + +Par`e*lec`tro*nom"ic (?), a. (Physiol.) Of or relating to +parelectronomy; as, the parelectronomic part of a muscle. + +Par*e`lec*tron"o*my (?), n. [Pref. para- + electro- + Gr. &?; law.] +(Physiol.) A condition of the muscles induced by exposure to severe +cold, in which the electrical action of the muscle is reversed. + +{ ||Pa*rel"la (?), ||Pa`relle (?), } n. [Cf. F. parelle.] (Bot.) (a) A +name for two kinds of dock (Rumex Patientia and R. Hydrolapathum). (b) +A kind of lichen (Lecanora parella) once used in dyeing and in the +preparation of litmus. + +||Pa*rem"bo*le (&?;), n. [NL., from Gr. &?; an insertion beside. See +||Para-, and Embolus.] (Rhet.) A kind of parenthesis. + +<! p. 1043 !> + +Pare"ment (?), n. See Parament. [Obs.] + +||Par`emp*to"sis (?), n. [NL., from Gr. &?; a coming in beside; para` +||beside + &?; to fall in.] Same as Parembole. + +Pa*ren"chy*ma (?), n. [NL., from Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to pour in beside; +para` beside + &?; in + &?; to pour: cf. F. parenchyme.] (Biol.) The +soft celluar substance of the tissues of plants and animals, like the +pulp of leaves, to soft tissue of glands, and the like. + +Pa*ren"chy*mal (?), a. Of, pertaining to, or consisting of, parenchyma. + +{ Par`en*chym"a*tous (?), Pa*ren"chy*mous (?), } a. [Cf. F. +parenchymateux.] Of, pertaining to, or connected with, the parenchyma +of a tissue or an organ; as, parenchymatous degeneration. + +||Pa*ren"e*sis (?), n. [L. paraenesis, Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to advise.] +||Exhortation. [R.] + +{ Par`e*net"ic (?), Par`e*net"io*al (?), } a. [Gr. &?;: cf. F. +parÈnÈtique.] Hortatory; encouraging; persuasive. [R.] F. Potter. + +Par"ent (?), n. [L. parens, - entis; akin to parere to bring forth; cf. +Gr. &?; to give, beget: cf. F. parent. Cf. Part.] 1. One who begets, or +brings forth, offspring; a father or a mother. + + Children, obey your parents in the Lord. + + +Eph. vi. 1. + +2. That which produces; cause; source; author; begetter; as, idleness +is the parent of vice. + + Regular industry is the parent of sobriety. + + +Channing. + +Parent cell. (Biol.) See Mother cell, under Mother, also Cytula. -- +Parent nucleus (Biol.), a nucleus which, in cell division, divides, and +gives rise to two or more daughter nuclei. See Karyokinesis, and Cell +division, under Division. + +Par"ent*age (?), n. [Cf. F. parentage relationship.] Descent from +parents or ancestors; parents or ancestors considered with respect to +their rank or character; extraction; birth; as, a man of noble +parentage. "Wilt thou deny thy parentage?" Shak. + + Though men esteem thee low of parentage. + + +Milton. + +Pa*ren"tal (?), a. [L. parentalis.] 1. Of or pertaining to a parent or +to parents; as, parental authority; parental obligations. + +2. Becoming to, or characteristic of, parents; tender; affectionate; +devoted; as, parental care. + + The careful course and parental provision of nature. + + +Sir T. Browne. + +Pa*ren"tal*ly, adv. In a parental manner. + +Par`en*ta"tion (?), n. [L. parentatio, fr. parentare to offer a solemn +sacrifice in honor of deceased parents. See Parent.] Something done or +said in honor of the dead; obsequies. [Obs.] Abp. Potter. + +Par"en`tele` (?), n. [F. parentËle, L. parentela.] Kinship; parentage. +[Obs.] Chaucer. + +Pa*ren"the*sis (?), n.; pl. Parentheses (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?; +to put in beside, insert; para` beside + &?; in + &?; to put, place. +See Para-, En-, 2, and Thesis.] + +1. A word, phrase, or sentence, by way of comment or explanation, +inserted in, or attached to, a sentence which would be grammatically +complete without it. It is usually inclosed within curved lines (see +def. 2 below), or dashes. "Seldom mentioned without a derogatory +parenthesis." Sir T. Browne. + + Don't suffer every occasional thought to carry you away into a long + parenthesis. + + +Watts. + +2. (Print.) One of the curved lines () which inclose a parenthetic word +or phrase. + +Parenthesis, in technical grammar, is that part of a sentence which is +inclosed within the recognized sign; but many phrases and sentences +which are punctuated by commas are logically parenthetical. In def. 1, +the phrase "by way of comment or explanation" is inserted for +explanation, and the sentence would be grammatically complete without +it. The present tendency is to avoid using the distinctive marks, +except when confusion would arise from a less conspicuous separation. + +Pa*ren"the*size (?), v. t. To make a parenthesis of; to include within +parenthetical marks. Lowell. + +{ Par`en*thet"ic (?), Par`en*thet"ic*al (?), } a. [Cf. Gr. &?;.] 1. Of +the nature of a parenthesis; pertaining to, or expressed in, or as in, +a parenthesis; as, a parenthetical clause; a parenthetic remark. + + A parenthetical observation of Moses himself. + + +Hales. + +2. Using or containing parentheses. + +Par`en*thet"ic*al*ly, adv. In a parenthetical manner; by way of +parenthesis; by parentheses. + +Par"ent*hood (?), n. The state of a parent; the office or character of +a parent. + +Pa*ren"ti*cide (?), n. [L. parenticida a parricide; parens parent + +caedere to kill.] + +1. The act of one who kills one's own parent. [R.] + +2. One who kills one's own parent; a parricide. [R.] + +Par"ent*less (?), a. Deprived of parents. + +Par*ep`i*did"y*mis (?), n. [NL. See Para-, and Epididymis.] (Anat.) A +small body containing convoluted tubules, situated near the epididymis +in man and some other animals, and supposed to be a remnant of the +anterior part of the Wolffian body. + +Par"er (?), n. [From Pare, v. t.] One who, or that which, pares; an +instrument for paring. + +||Pa*rer"gon (?), n. [L.] See Parergy. + +Par"er*gy (?), n. [L. parergon, Gr. &?;; para` beside + &?; work.] +Something unimportant, incidental, or superfluous. [Obs.] Sir T. +Browne. + +||Par"e*sis (?), n. [NL., from Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to let go; &?; from + +||&?; to send.] (Med.) Incomplete paralysis, affecting motion but not +||sensation. + +Par*eth"moid (?), a. [Pref. para- + ethmoid.] (Anat.) Near or beside +the ethmoid bone or cartilage; -- applied especially to a pair of bones +in the nasal region of some fishes, and to the ethmoturbinals in some +higher animals. -- n. A parethmoid bone. + +Pa*ret"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to paresis; affected with paresis. + +Par*fay" (?), interj. [Par + fay.] By my faith; verily. [Obs.] Chaucer. + +Par"fit (?), a. Perfect. [Obs.] Chaucer. + +Par"fit*ly, adv. Perfectly. [Obs.] Chaucer. + +{ Par*forn" (?), Par*fourn" (?) }, v. t. To perform. [Obs.] Chaucer. +Piers Plowman. + +Par"gas*ite (?), n. [So called from Pargas, in Finland.] (Min.) A dark +green aluminous variety of amphibole, or hornblende. + +Parge"board` (?), n. See Bargeboard. + +Par"get (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pargeted; p. pr. & vb. n. Pargeting.] +[OE. pargeten, also spargeten, sparchen; of uncertain origin.] 1. To +coat with parget; to plaster, as walls, or the interior of flues; as, +to parget the outside of their houses. Sir T. Herbert. + + The pargeted ceiling with pendants. + + +R. L. Stevenson. + +2. To paint; to cover over. [Obs.] + +Par"get, v. i. 1. To lay on plaster. + +2. To paint, as the face. [Obs.] B. Jonson. + +Par"get, n. 1. Gypsum or plaster stone. + +2. Plaster, as for lining the interior of flues, or for stuccowork. +Knight. + +3. Paint, especially for the face. [Obs.] Drayton. + +Par"get*er (?), n. A plasterer. Johnson. + +Par"get*ing, n. [Written also pargetting.] Plasterwork; esp.: (a) A +kind of decorative plasterwork in raised ornamental figures, formerly +used for the internal and external decoration of houses. (b) In modern +architecture, the plastering of the inside of flues, intended to give a +smooth surface and help the draught. + +Par"get*o*ry (?), n. Something made of, or covered with, parget, or +plaster. [Obs.] Milton. + +Par*he"lic (?), a. Of or pertaining to parhelia. + +Par*hel"ion (?), n.; pl. Parhelia (#). [L. parelion, Gr. &?;, &?;; +para` beside + &?; the sun.] A mock sun appearing in the form of a +bright light, sometimes near the sun, and tinged with colors like the +rainbow, and sometimes opposite to the sun. The latter is usually +called an anthelion. Often several mock suns appear at the same time. +Cf. Paraselene. + +||Par*he"li*um (?), n. See Parhelion. + +Par"i- (?). [L. par, paris, equal.] A combining form signifying equal; +as, paridigitate, paripinnate. + +Pa"ri*ah (?), n. [From Tamil paraiyan, pl. paraiyar, one of the low +caste, fr. parai a large drum, because they beat the drums at certain +festivals.] + +1. One of an aboriginal people of Southern India, regarded by the four +castes of the Hindoos as of very low grade. They are usually the serfs +of the Sudra agriculturalists. See Caste. Balfour (Cyc. of India). + +2. An outcast; one despised by society. + +Pariah dog (Zoˆl.), a mongrel race of half-wild dogs which act as +scavengers in Oriental cities. -- Pariah kite (Zoˆl.), a species of +kite (Milvus govinda) which acts as a scavenger in India. + +Pa*ri"al (?), n. See Pair royal, under Pair, n. + +Pa"ri*an (?), a. [L. Parius.] Of or pertaining to Paros, an island in +the ∆gean Sea noted for its excellent statuary marble; as, Parian +marble. + +Parian chronicle, a most ancient chronicle of the city of Athens, +engraved on marble in the Isle of Paros, now among the Arundelian +marbles. + +Pa"ri*an, n. 1. A native or inhabitant of Paros. + +2. A ceramic ware, resembling unglazed porcelain biscuit, of which are +made statuettes, ornaments, etc. + +||Par`i*dig`i*ta"ta (?), n. pl. [NL. See Pari-, and Digitate.] (Zoˆl.) +||Same as Artiodactyla. + +Par`i*dig"i*tate (?), a. (Anat.) Having an even number of digits on the +hands or the feet. Qwen. + +||Pa"ri*es (?), n.; pl. Parietes (#). [See Parietes.] (Zoˆl.) The +||triangular middle part of each segment of the shell of a barnacle. + +Pa*ri"e*tal (?), a. [L. parietalis, fr. paries, -ietis, a wall: cf. F. +pariÈtal. Cf. Parietary, Pellitory.] + +1. Of or pertaining to a wall; hence, pertaining to buildings or the +care of them. + +2. Resident within the walls or buildings of a college. + + At Harvard College, the officers resident within the college walls + constitute a permanent standing committee, called the Parietal + Committee. + + +B. H. Hall (1856). + +3. (Anat.) (a) Of pertaining to the parietes. (b) Of, pertaining to, or +in the region of, the parietal bones, which form the upper and middle +part of the cranium, between the frontals and occipitals. + +4. (Bot.) Attached to the main wall of the ovary, and not to the axis; +-- said of a placenta. + +Pa*ri"e*tal, n. 1. (Anat.) One of the parietal bones. + +2. (Zoˆl.) One of the special scales, or plates, covering the back of +the head in certain reptiles and fishes. + +Pa*ri"e*ta*ry (?), a. See Parietal, 2. + +Pa*ri"e*ta*ry, n. [L. parietaria, fr. parietarius parietal. Cf. +Pellitory, Parietal.] (Bot.) Any one of several species of Parietaria. +See 1st Pellitory. + +||Pa*ri"e*tes (?), n. pl. [L. paries a wall.] + +1. (Anat.) The walls of a cavity or an organ; as, the abdominal +parietes; the parietes of the cranium. + +2. (Bot.) The sides of an ovary or of a capsule. + +Pa`ri*et"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, an acid +found in the lichen Parmelia parietina, and called also chrysophanic +acid. + +Pa*ri"e*tine (?), n. [L. parietinus parietal: cf. parietinae ruined +walls.] A piece of a fallen wall; a ruin. [Obs.] Burton. + +Pa*ri"e*to- (&?;). (Anat.) A combining form used to indicate connection +with, or relation to, the parietal bones or the parietal segment of the +skull; as, the parieto-mastoid suture. + +Pa*rig"e*nin (?), n. [Parillin + -gen + -in.] (Chem.) A curdy white +substance, obtained by the decomposition of parillin. + +Pa*ril"lin (?), n. [Shortened fr. sarsaparillin.] (Chem.) A glucoside +resembling saponin, found in the root of sarsaparilla, smilax, etc., +and extracted as a bitter white crystalline substance; -- called also +smilacin, sarsaparilla saponin, and sarsaparillin. + +Par"ing (?), n. [From Pare, v. t.] 1. The act of cutting off the +surface or extremites of anything. + +2. That which is pared off. Pope. + + Pare off the surface of the earth, and with the parings raise your + hills. + + +Mortimer. + +Par`i*pin"nate (?), a. [Pari- + pinnate.] (Bot.) Pinnate with an equal +number of leaflets on each side; having no odd leaflet at the end. + +Par"is (?), n. [From Paris, the son of Priam.] (Bot.) A plant common in +Europe (Paris quadrifolia); herb Paris; truelove. It has been used as a +narcotic. + +It much resembles the American genus Trillium, but has usually four +leaves and a tetramerous flower. + +Par"is, n. The chief city of France. + +Paris green. See under Green, n. -- Paris white (Chem.), purified chalk +used as a pigment; whiting; Spanish white. + +Par"ish (?), n. [OE. parishe, paresche, parosche, OF. paroisse, +parosse, paroiche, F. paroisse, L. parochia, corrupted fr. paroecia, +Gr. &?;, fr. &?; dwelling beside or near; para` beside + &?; a house, +dwelling; akin to L. vicus village. See Vicinity, and cf. Parochial.] + +1. (Eccl. & Eng. Law) (a) That circuit of ground committed to the +charge of one parson or vicar, or other minister having cure of souls +therein. Cowell. (b) The same district, constituting a civil +jurisdiction, with its own officers and regulations, as respects the +poor, taxes, etc. + +Populous and extensive parishes are now divided, under various +parliamentary acts, into smaller ecclesiastical districts for spiritual +purposes. Mozley & W. + +2. An ecclesiastical society, usually not bounded by territorial +limits, but composed of those persons who choose to unite under the +charge of a particular priest, clergyman, or minister; also, loosely, +the territory in which the members of a congregation live. [U. S.] + +3. In Louisiana, a civil division corresponding to a county in other +States. + +Par"ish, a. Of or pertaining to a parish; parochial; as, a parish +church; parish records; a parish priest; maintained by the parish; as, +parish poor. Dryden. + +Parish clerk. (a) The clerk or recording officer of a parish. (b) A +layman who leads in the responses and otherwise assists in the service +of the Church of England. -- Parish court, in Louisiana, a court in +each parish. + +Par"ish*en (?), n. A parishioner. [Obs.] Chaucer. + +Pa*rish"ion*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to a parish; parochial. [R.] +Bp. Hall. + +Pa*rish"ion*er (?), n. [F. paroissien, LL. parochianus.] One who +belongs to, or is connected with, a parish. + +Pa*ri"sian (?), n. [Cf. F. parisen.] A native or inhabitant of Paris, +the capital of France. + +Pa*ri"sian, a. Of or pertaining to Paris. + +||Pa`ri`si`enne" (?), n. [F.] A female native or resident of Paris. + +Par`i*sol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. &?; almost equal, evenly balanced + -logy.] +The use of equivocal or ambiguous words. [R.] + +{ Par`i*syl*lab"ic (?), Par`i*syl*lab"ic*al (?), } a. [Pari- + +syllabic, -ical: cf. F. parisyllabique.] Having the same number of +syllables in all its inflections. + +Par"i*tor (?), n. [Abbrev. fr. apparitor: cf. L. paritor a servant, +attendant.] An apparitor. "Summoned by an host of paritors." Dryden. + +Par"i*to*ry (?), n. Pellitory. [Obs.] Chaucer. + +Par"i*ty (?), n. [L. paritas, fr. par, paris, equal: cf. F. paritÈ. See +Pair, Peer an equal.] The quality or condition of being equal or +equivalent; A like state or degree; equality; close correspondence; +analogy; as, parity of reasoning. "No parity of principle." De Quincey. + + Equality of length and parity of numeration. + + +Sir T. Browne. + +Park (?), n. [AS. pearroc, or perh. rather fr. F. parc; both being of +the same origin; cf. LL. parcus, parricus, Ir. & Gael. pairc, W. park, +parwg. Cf. Paddock an inclosure, Parrock.] 1. (Eng. Law) A piece of +ground inclosed, and stored with beasts of the chase, which a man may +have by prescription, or the king's grant. Mozley & W. + +2. A tract of ground kept in its natural state, about or adjacent to a +residence, as for the preservation of game, for walking, riding, or the +like. Chaucer. + + While in the park I sing, the listening deer Attend my passion, and + forget to fear. + + +Waller. + +3. A piece of ground, in or near a city or town, inclosed and kept for +ornament and recreation; as, Hyde Park in London; Central Park in New +York. + +4. (Mil.) A space occupied by the animals, wagons, pontoons, and +materials of all kinds, as ammunition, ordnance stores, hospital +stores, provisions, etc., when brought together; also, the objects +themselves; as, a park of wagons; a park of artillery. + +5. A partially inclosed basin in which oysters are grown. [Written also +parc.] + +Park of artillery. See under Artillery. -- Park phaeton, a small, low +carriage, for use in parks. + +Park, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Parked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Parking.] 1. To +inclose in a park, or as in a park. + + How are we parked, and bounded in a pale. + + +Shak. + +2. (Mil.) To bring together in a park, or compact body; as, to park the +artillery, the wagons, etc. + +Park"er (?), n. The keeper of a park. Sir M. Hale. + +||Par*ke"ri*a (?), n. [NL. So named from W. K. Parker, a British +||zoˆlogist.] (Zoˆl.) A genus of large arenaceous fossil Foraminifera +||found in the Cretaceous rocks. The species are globular, or nearly +||so, and are of all sizes up to that of a tennis ball. + +<! p. 1044 !> + +Parkes"ine (?), n. [So called from Mr. Parkes, the inventor.] A +compound, originally made from gun cotton and castor oil, but later +from different materials, and used as a substitute for vulcanized India +rubber and for ivory; -- called also xylotile. + +Park"leaves` (?), n. (Bot.) A European species of Saint John's-wort; +the tutsan. See Tutsan. + +Par"lance (?), n. [OF., fr. F. parler to speak. See Parley.] +Conversation; discourse; talk; diction; phrase; as, in legal parlance; +in common parlance. + + A hate of gossip parlance and of sway. + + +Tennyson. + +{ ||Par*lan"do (?), ||Par*lan"te (?), } a. & adv. [It.] (Mus.) +Speaking; in a speaking or declamatory manner; to be sung or played in +the style of a recitative. + +Parle (?), v. i. [F. parler. See Parley.] To talk; to converse; to +parley. [Obs.] Shak. + + Finding himself too weak, began to parle. + + +Milton. + +Parle, n. Conversation; talk; parley. [Obs.] + + They ended parle, and both addressed for fight. + + +Milton. + +Par"ley (?), n.; pl. Parleys (#). [F. parler speech, talk, fr. parler +to speak, LL. parabolare, fr. L. parabola a comparison, parable, in +LL., a word. See Parable, and cf. Parliament, Parlor.] Mutual discourse +or conversation; discussion; hence, an oral conference with an enemy, +as with regard to a truce. + + We yield on parley, but are stormed in vain. + + +Dryden. + +To beat a parley (Mil.), to beat a drum, or sound a trumpet, as a +signal for holding a conference with the enemy. + +Par"ley, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Parleyed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Parleying.] +To speak with another; to confer on some point of mutual concern; to +discuss orally; hence, specifically, to confer orally with an enemy; to +treat with him by words, as on an exchange of prisoners, an armistice, +or terms of peace. + + They are at hand, To parley or to fight; therefore prepare. + + +Shak. + +Par"lia*ment (?), n. [OE. parlement, F. parlement, fr. parler to speak; +cf. LL. parlamentum, parliamentum. See Parley.] 1. A parleying; a +discussion; a conference. [Obs.] + + But first they held their parliament. + + +Rom. of R. + +2. A formal conference on public affairs; a general council; esp., an +assembly of representatives of a nation or people having authority to +make laws. + + They made request that it might be lawful for them to summon a + parliament of Gauls. + + +Golding. + +3. The assembly of the three estates of the United Kingdom of Great +Britain and Ireland, viz., the lords spiritual, lords temporal, and the +representatives of the commons, sitting in the House of Lords and the +House of Commons, constituting the legislature, when summoned by the +royal authority to consult on the affairs of the nation, and to enact +and repeal laws. + +Thought the sovereign is a constituting branch of Parliament, the word +is generally used to denote the three estates named above. + +4. In France, before the Revolution of 1789, one of the several +principal judicial courts. + +Parliament heel, the inclination of a ship when made to careen by +shifting her cargo or ballast. -- Parliament hinge (Arch.), a hinge +with so great a projection from the wall or frame as to allow a door or +shutter to swing back flat against the wall. -- Long Parliament, Rump +Parliament. See under Long, and Rump. + +Par`lia*men"tal (?), a. Parliamentary. [Obs.] + +Par`lia*men*ta"ri*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to Parliament. Wood. + +Par`lia*men*ta"ri*an, n. 1. (Eng. Hist.) One who adhered to the +Parliament, in opposition to King Charles I. Walpole. + +2. One versed in the rules and usages of Parliament or similar +deliberative assemblies; as, an accomplished parliamentarian. + +Par`lia*men"ta*ri*ly (?), adv. In a parliamentary manner. + +Par`lia*men"ta*ry (?), a. [Cf. F. parlementaire.] + +1. Of or pertaining to Parliament; as, parliamentary authority. Bacon. + +2. Enacted or done by Parliament; as, a parliamentary act. Sir M. Hale. + +3. According to the rules and usages of Parliament or of deliberative +bodies; as, a parliamentary motion. + +Parliamentary agent, a person, usually a solicitor, professionally +employed by private parties to explain and recommend claims, bills, +etc., under consideration of Parliament. [Eng.] -- Parliamentary train, +one of the trains which, by act of Parliament, railway companies are +required to run for the conveyance of third-class passengers at a +reduced rate. [Eng.] + +Par"lor (?), n. [OE. parlour, parlur, F. parloir, LL. parlatorium. See +Parley.] [Written also parlour.] A room for business or social +conversation, for the reception of guests, etc. Specifically: (a) The +apartment in a monastery or nunnery where the inmates are permitted to +meet and converse with each other, or with visitors and friends from +without. Piers Plowman. (b) In large private houses, a sitting room for +the family and for familiar guests, -- a room for less formal uses than +the drawing-room. Esp., in modern times, the dining room of a house +having few apartments, as a London house, where the dining parlor is +usually on the ground floor. (c) Commonly, in the United States, a +drawing- room, or the room where visitors are received and entertained. + +"In England people who have a drawing-room no longer call it a parlor, +as they called it of old and till recently." Fitzed. Hall. + +Parlor car. See Palace car, under Car. + +Par"lous (?), a. [For perlous, a contr. fr. perilous.] 1. Attended with +peril; dangerous; as, a parlous cough. [Archaic] "A parlous snuffing." +Beau. & Fl. + +2. Venturesome; bold; mischievous; keen. [Obs.] "A parlous boy." Shak. +"A parlous wit." Dryden. -- Par"lous*ly, adv. [Obs.] -- Par"lous*ness, +n. [Obs.] + +Par`me*san" (?), a. [F. parmesan, It. parmigiano.] Of or pertaining to +Parma in Italy. + +Parmesan cheese, a kind of cheese of a rich flavor, though from skimmed +milk, made in Parma, Italy. + +||Par*nas"si*a (?), n. [NL.] (Bot.) A genus of herbs growing in wet +||places, and having white flowers; grass of Parnassus. + +Par*nas"sian (?), a. [L. Parnassius.] Of or pertaining to Parnassus. + +Par*nas"sian, n. [See Parnassus.] (Zoˆl.) Any one of numerous species +of butterflies belonging to the genus Parnassius. They inhabit the +mountains, both in the Old World and in America. + +Par*nas"sus (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?;.] (Anc. Geog. & Gr. Myth.) A +mountain in Greece, sacred to Apollo and the Muses, and famous for a +temple of Apollo and for the Castalian spring. + +Grass of Parnassus. (Bot.) See under Grass, and Parnassia. -- To climb +Parnassus, to write poetry. [Colloq.] + +Par`oc*cip"i*tal (?), a. [Pref. para- + occipital.] (Anat.) Situated +near or beside the occipital condyle or the occipital bone; +paramastoid; -- applied especially to a process of the skull in some +animals. + +Pa*ro"chi*al (?), a. [LL. parochialis, from L. parochia. See Parish.] +Of or pertaining to a parish; restricted to a parish; as, parochial +duties. "Parochial pastors." Bp. Atterbury. Hence, limited; narrow. +"The parochial mind." W. Black. + +Pa*ro"chi*al*ism (?), n. The quality or state of being parochial in +form or nature; a system of management peculiar to parishes. + +Pa*ro`chi*al"i*ty (?), n. The state of being parochial. [R.] Sir J. +Marriot. + +Pa*ro"chi*al*ize (?), v. t. To render parochial; to form into parishes. + +Pa*ro"chi*al*ly, adv. In a parochial manner; by the parish, or by +parishes. Bp. Stillingfleet. + +Pa*ro"chi*an (?), a. [See Parochial, Parishioner.] Parochial. [Obs.] +"Parochian churches." Bacon. + +Pa*ro"chi*an, n. [LL. parochianus.] A parishioner. [Obs.] Ld. Burleigh. + +{ Pa*rod"ic (?), Pa*rod"ic*al (?), } a. [Gr. &?;: cf. F. parodique.] +Having the character of parody. + + Very paraphrastic, and sometimes parodical. + + +T. Warton. + +Par"o*dist (?), n. [Cf. F. parodiste.] One who writes a parody; one who +parodies. Coleridge. + +Par"o*dy (?), n.; pl. Parodies (#). [L. parodia, Gr. &?;; para` beside ++ &?; a song: cf. F. parodie. See Para-, and Ode.] + +1. A writing in which the language or sentiment of an author is +mimicked; especially, a kind of literary pleasantry, in which what is +written on one subject is altered, and applied to another by way of +burlesque; travesty. + + The lively parody which he wrote . . . on Dryden's "Hind and + Panther" was received with great applause. + + +Macaulay. + +2. A popular maxim, adage, or proverb. [Obs.] + +Par"o*dy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Parodied (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Parodying.] +[Cf. F. parodier.] To write a parody upon; to burlesque. + + I have translated, or rather parodied, a poem of Horace. + + +Pope. + +Par"o*ket` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) See Paroquet. + +Pa*rol" (?), n. [See Parole, the same word.] + +1. A word; an oral utterance. [Obs.] + +2. (Law) Oral declaration; word of mouth; also, a writing not under +seal. Blackstone. + +Pa*rol", a. Given or done by word of mouth; oral; also, given by a +writing not under seal; as, parol evidence. + +Parol arrest (Law), an arrest in pursuance of a verbal order from a +magistrate. -- Parol contract (Law), any contract not of record or +under seal, whether oral or written; a simple contract. Chitty. Story. + +Pa*role" (?), n. [F. parole. See Parley, and cf. Parol.] 1. A word; an +oral utterance. [Obs.] + +2. Word of promise; word of honor; plighted faith; especially (Mil.), +promise, upon one's faith and honor, to fulfill stated conditions, as +not to bear arms against one's captors, to return to custody, or the +like. + + This man had forfeited his military parole. + + +Macaulay. + +3. (Mil.) A watchword given only to officers of guards; -- +distinguished from countersign, which is given to all guards. + +4. (Law) Oral declaration. See lst Parol, 2. + +Pa*role", a. See 2d Parol. + +Pa*role", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Paroled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Paroling.] +(Mil.) To set at liberty on parole; as, to parole prisoners. + +Par`o*mol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. fr. &?;, fr. &?; to grant; &?; by, near + +&?; to speak together, agree. See Homologous.] (Rhet.) A concession to +an adversary in order to strengthen one's own argument. + +||Par`o*no*ma"si*a (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to form a word by +||a slight change; para` beside + &?; to name, fr. &?; a name.] (Rhet.) +||A play upon words; a figure by which the same word is used in +||different senses, or words similar in sound are set in opposition to +||each other, so as to give antithetical force to the sentence; +||punning. Dryden. + +{ Par`o*no*mas"tic (?), Par`o*no*mas"tic*al (?), } a. Of or pertaining +to paronomasia; consisting in a play upon words. + +Par`o*nom"a*sy (?), n. [Cf. F. paronomasie.] Paronomasia. [R.] B. +Jonson. + +||Par`o*nych"i*a (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?;; para` beside + &?;, &?;, a +||nail.] (Med.) A whitlow, or felon. Quincy. + +Par"o*nym (?), n. A paronymous word. [Written also paronyme.] + +Pa*ron"y*mous (?), a. [Gr. &?;; para` beside, near + &?; a name.] 1. +Having the same derivation; allied radically; conjugate; -- said of +certain words, as man, mankind, manhood, etc. + +2. Having a similar sound, but different orthography and different +meaning; -- said of certain words, as al&?; and awl; hair and hare, +etc. + +Pa*ron"y*my, n. The quality of being paronymous; also, the use of +paronymous words. + +||Par`o*ˆph"o*ron (?), n. [NL., from Gr. &?; (see Para-) + &?; an egg + +||&?; to bear.] (Anat.) A small mass of tubules near the ovary in some +||animals, and corresponding with the parepididymis of the male. + +Par"o*quet` (?), n. [F. perroquet, or Sp. periquito; both prob. orig. +meaning, little Peter. See Parrot.] (Zoˆl.) Same as Parrakeet. [Written +also paroket, parroquet, and perroquet.] + +Paroquet auk or auklet (Zoˆl.), a small auk (Cyclorrhynchus +psittaculus) inhabiting the coast and islands of Alaska. The upper +parts are dark slate, under parts white, bill orange red. Called also +perroquet auk. + +||Pa*ror"chis (?), n. [NL. See Para- , and Orchis.] (Anat.) The part of +||the epididymis; or the corresponding part of the excretory duct of +||the testicle, which is derived from the Wolffian body. + +Pa*ros"te*al (?), (Physiol.) Of or pertaining to parostosis; as, +parosteal ossification. + +||Par`os*to"sis (?), n. [NL. See Para-, and Ostosis.] (Physiol.) +||Ossification which takes place in purely fibrous tracts; the +||formation of bone outside of the periosteum. + +Par`os*tot"ic (?), a. Pertaining to parostosis. + +Pa*rot"ic (?), a. [See Parotid.] (Anat.) On the side of the auditory +capsule; near the external ear. + +Parotic region (Zoˆl.), the space around the ears. + +Pa*rot"id (?), a. [L. parotis, -idis, Gr. &?;, &?;; para` beside, near ++ &?;, &?;, the ear: cf. F. parotide. ] (Anat.) (a) Situated near the +ear; -- applied especially to the salivary gland near the ear. (b) Of, +pertaining to, or in the region of, the parotid gland. + +Parotid gland (Anat.), one of the salivary glands situated just in +front of or below the ear. It is the largest of the salivary glands in +man, and its duct opens into the interior of the mouth opposite the +second molar of the upper jaw. + +Pa*rot"id, n. (Anat.) The parotid gland. + +Par`o*ti"tis (?), n. [NL. See Parotid, and -itis.] (Med.) Inflammation +of the parotid glands. + +Epidemic, or Infectious, parotitis, mumps. + +Par"o*toid (?), a. [Parotid + -oid.] (Anat.) Resembling the parotid +gland; -- applied especially to cutaneous glandular elevations above +the ear in many toads and frogs. -- n. A parotoid gland. + +||Pa*rou"si*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;. See Parusia.] (a) The nativity +||of our Lord. (b) The last day. Shipley. + +||Par`o*va"ri*um (?), n. [NL. See Para-, and Ovarium.] (Anat.) A group +||of tubules, a remnant of the Wolffian body, often found near the +||ovary or oviduct; the epoˆphoron. + +Par"ox*ysm (?), n. [F. paroxysme, Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to sharpen, +irritate; para` beside, beyond + &?; to sharpen, from &?; sharp.] 1. +(Med.) The fit, attack, or exacerbation, of a disease that occurs at +intervals, or has decided remissions or intermissions. Arbuthnot. + +2. Any sudden and violent emotion; spasmodic passion or action; a +convulsion; a fit. + + The returning paroxysms of diffidence and despair. + + +South. + +Par`ox*ys"mal (?), a. Of the nature of a paroxysm; characterized or +accompanied by paroxysms; as, a paroxysmal pain; paroxysmal temper. -- +Par`ox*ys"mal*ly, adv. + +Par*ox"y*tone (?), n. [Gr. &?;, a. See Para-, and Oxytone.] (Gr. Gram.) +A word having an acute accent on the penultimate syllable. + +Par*quet" (?), n. [F. See Parquetry.] + +1. A body of seats on the floor of a music hall or theater nearest the +orchestra; but commonly applied to the whole lower floor of a theater, +from the orchestra to the dress circle; the pit. + +2. Same as Parquetry. + +Par"quet*age (?), n. See Parquetry. + +Par"quet*ed, a. Formed in parquetry; inlaid with wood in small and +differently colored figures. + + One room parqueted with yew, which I liked well. + + +Evelyn. + +Par"quet*ry (?), n. [F. parqueterie, fr. parquet inlaid flooring, fr. +parquet, dim. of parc an inclosure. See Park.] A species of joinery or +cabinet-work consisting of an inlay of geometric or other patterns, +generally of different colors, -- used especially for floors. + +Par*quette" (?), n. See Parquet. + +Parr (?), n. [Cf. Gael. & Ir. bradan a salmon.] (Zoˆl.) (a) A young +salmon in the stage when it has dark transverse bands; -- called also +samlet, skegger, and fingerling. (b) A young leveret. + +<! p. 1045 !> + +{ Par"ra*keet` (?), Par"a*keet` }, n. [See Paroquet.] (Zoˆl.) Any one +of numerous species of small parrots having a graduated tail, which is +frequently very long; -- called also paroquet and paraquet. + +Many of the Asiatic and Australian species belong to the genus +Paleornis; others belong to Polytelis, Platycercus, Psephotus, Euphema, +and allied genera. The American parrakeets mostly belong to the genus +Conurus, as the Carolina parrakeet (C. Carolinensis). + +{ Par"ral (?), Par"rel (?), } n. [F. appareil. See Apparel, n.] 1. +(Naut.) The rope or collar by which a yard or spar is held to the mast +in such a way that it may be hoisted or lowered at pleasure. Totten. + +2. A chimney-piece. Halliwell. + +||Par*ra"qua (?), n. (Zoˆl.) A curassow of the genus Ortalida, allied +||to the guan. + +||Par*rhe"si*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;; para` beside, beyond + &?; a +||speaking.] (Rhet.) Boldness or freedom of speech. + +Par"ri*ci`dal (?), a. [L. parricidalis, parricidialis. See Parricide.] +Of or pertaining to parricide; guilty of parricide. + +Par"ri*cide (?), n. [F., fr. L. parricida; pater father + caedere to +kill. See Father, Homicide, and cf. Patricide.] + +1. Properly, one who murders one's own father; in a wider sense, one +who murders one's father or mother or any ancestor. + +2. [L. parricidium.] The act or crime of murdering one's own father or +any ancestor. + +Par`ri*cid"i*ous (?), a. Parricidal. [Obs.] + +Par"rock (?), n. [AS. pearruc, pearroc. See Park.] A croft, or small +field; a paddock. [Prov. Eng.] + +Par"rot (?), n. [Prob. fr. F. Pierrot, dim. of Pierre Peter. F. pierrot +is also the name of the sparrow. Cf. Paroquet, Petrel, Petrify.] 1. +(Zoˆl.) In a general sense, any bird of the order Psittaci. + +2. (Zoˆl.) Any species of Psittacus, Chrysotis, Pionus, and other +genera of the family PsittacidÊ, as distinguished from the parrakeets, +macaws, and lories. They have a short rounded or even tail, and often a +naked space on the cheeks. The gray parrot, or jako (P. erithacus) of +Africa (see Jako), and the species of Amazon, or green, parrots +(Chrysotis) of America, are examples. Many species, as cage birds, +readily learn to imitate sounds, and to repeat words and phrases. + +Carolina parrot (Zoˆl.), the Carolina parrakeet. See Parrakeet. -- +Night parrot, or Owl parrot. (Zoˆl.) See Kakapo. -- Parrot coal, cannel +coal; -- so called from the crackling and chattering sound it makes in +burning. [Eng. & Scot.] -- Parrot green. (Chem.) See Scheele's green, +under Green, n. -- Parrot weed (Bot.), a suffrutescent plant (Bocconia +frutescens) of the Poppy family, native of the warmer parts of America. +It has very large, sinuate, pinnatifid leaves, and small, panicled, +apetalous flowers. -- Parrot wrasse, Parrot fish (Zoˆl.), any fish of +the genus Scarus. One species (S. Cretensis), found in the +Mediterranean, is esteemed by epicures, and was highly prized by the +ancient Greeks and Romans. + +Par"rot, v. t. To repeat by rote, as a parrot. + +Par"rot, v. i. To chatter like a parrot. + +Par"rot*er (?), n. One who simply repeats what he has heard. [R.] J. S. +Mill. + +Par"rot*ry (?), n. Servile imitation or repetition. [R.] Coleridge. +"The supine parrotry." Fitzed. Hall. + +Par"rot's-bill` (?), n. [So called from the resemblance of its curved +superior petal to a parrot's bill.] (Bot.) The glory pea. See under +Glory. + +Par"ry (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Parried (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Parrying.] +[F. parÈ, p. p. of parer. See Pare, v. t.] + +1. To ward off; to stop, or to turn aside; as, to parry a thrust, a +blow, or anything that means or threatens harm. Locke. + + Vice parries wide The undreaded volley with a sword of straw. + + +Cowper. + +2. To avoid; to shift or put off; to evade. + + The French government has parried the payment of our claims. + + +E. Everett. + +Par"ry, v. i. To ward off, evade, or turn aside something, as a blow, +argument, etc. Locke. + +Par"ry, n.; pl. Parries (&?;). A warding off of a thrust or blow, as in +sword and bayonet exercises or in boxing; hence, figuratively, a +defensive movement in debate or other intellectual encounter. + +Parse (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Parsed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Parsing.] +[L. pars a part; pars orationis a part of speech. See Part, n.] (Gram.) +To resolve into its elements, as a sentence, pointing out the several +parts of speech, and their relation to each other by government or +agreement; to analyze and describe grammatically. + + Let him construe the letter into English, and parse it over + perfectly. + + +Ascham. + +Par"see (?), n. [Hind. & Per. prs a Persian, a follower of Zoroaster, a +fire worshiper. Cf. Persian.] + +1. One of the adherents of the Zoroastrian or ancient Persian religion, +descended from Persian refugees settled in India; a fire worshiper; a +Gheber. + +2. The Iranian dialect of much of the religious literature of the +Parsees. + +Par"see*ism (?), n. The religion and customs of the Parsees. + +Pars"er (?), n. One who parses. + +Par`si*mo"ni*ous (?), a. [Cf. F. parcimonieux. See Parsimony.] +Exhibiting parsimony; sparing in expenditure of money; frugal to +excess; penurious; niggardly; stingy. -- Par`si*mo"ni*ous*ly, adv. -- +Par`si*mo"ni*ous*ness, n. + + A prodigal king is nearer a tyrant than a parsimonious. + + +Bacon. + + Extraordinary funds for one campaign may spare us the expense of + many years; whereas a long, parsimonious war will drain us of more + men and money. + + +Addison. + +Syn. -- Covetous; niggardly; miserly; penurious; close; saving; mean; +stingy; frugal. See Avaricious. + +Par"si*mo*ny (?), n. [L. parsimonia, parcimonia; cf. parcere to spare, +parsus sparing: cf. F. parcimonie.] Closeness or sparingness in the +expenditure of money; -- generally in a bad sense; excessive frugality; +niggardliness. Bacon. + + Awful parsimony presided generally at the table. + + +Thackeray. + +Syn. -- Economy; frugality; illiberality; covetousness; closeness; +stinginess. See Economy. + +Pars"ley (?), n. [OE. persely, persil, F. persil, L. petroselinum rock +parsley, Gr. &?;; &?; stone + &?; parsley. Cf. Celery.] (Bot.) An +aromatic umbelliferous herb (Carum Petroselinum), having finely divided +leaves which are used in cookery and as a garnish. + + As she went to the garden for parsley, to stuff a rabbit. + + +Shak. + +Fool's parsley. See under Fool. - - Hedge parsley, Milk parsley, Stone +parsley, names given to various weeds of similar appearance to the +parsley. -- Parsley fern (Bot.), a small fern with leaves resembling +parsley (Cryptogramme crispa). -- Parsley piert (Bot.), a small herb +(Alchemilla arvensis) formerly used as a remedy for calculus. + +Pars"nip (?), n. [OE. parsnepe, from a French form, fr. L. pastinaca; +cf. pastinare to dig up, pastinum a kind of dibble; cf. OF. pastenade, +pastenaque.] (Bot.) The aromatic and edible spindle-shaped root of the +cultivated form of the Pastinaca sativa, a biennial umbelliferous plant +which is very poisonous in its wild state; also, the plant itself. + +Cow parsnip. See Cow parsnip. -- Meadow parsnip, the European cow +parsnip. - - Poison parsnip, the wild stock of the parsnip. -- Water +parsnip, any plant of the umbelliferous genus Sium, the species of +which are poisonous. + +Par"son (?), n. [OE. persone person, parson, OF. persone, F. personne +person, LL. persona (sc. ecclesiae), fr. L. persona a person. See +Person.] + +1. (Eng. Eccl. Law) A person who represents a parish in its +ecclesiastical and corporate capacities; hence, the rector or incumbent +of a parochial church, who has full possession of all the rights +thereof, with the cure of souls. + +2. Any clergyman having ecclesiastical preferment; one who is in +orders, or is licensed to preach; a preacher. + + He hears the parson pray and preach. + + +Longfellow. + +Parson bird (Zoˆl.), a New Zealand bird (Prosthemadera NovÊseelandiÊ) +remarkable for its powers of mimicry and its ability to articulate +words. Its color is glossy black, with a curious tuft of long, curly, +white feathers on each side of the throat. It is often kept as a cage +bird. + +Par"son*age (?), n. 1. (Eng. Eccl. Law) A certain portion of lands, +tithes, and offerings, for the maintenance of the parson of a parish. + +2. The glebe and house, or the house only, owned by a parish or +ecclesiastical society, and appropriated to the maintenance or use of +the incumbent or settled pastor. + +3. Money paid for the support of a parson. [Scot.] + + What have I been paying stipend and teind, parsonage and vicarage, + for? + + +Sir W. Scott. + +Par"soned (?), a. Furnished with a parson. + +{ Par*son"ic (?), Par*son"ic*al (?), } a. Of or pertaining to a parson; +clerical. + + Vainglory glowed in his parsonic heart. + + +Colman. + +-- Par*son"ic*al*ly, adv. + +Par"son*ish (?), a. Appropriate to, or like, a parson; -- used in +disparagement. [Colloq.] + +Part (?), n. [F. part, L. pars, gen. partis; cf. parere to bring forth, +produce. Cf. Parent, Depart, Parcel, Partner, Party, Portion.] 1. One +of the portions, equal or unequal, into which anything is divided, or +regarded as divided; something less than a whole; a number, quantity, +mass, or the like, regarded as going to make up, with others, a larger +number, quantity, mass, etc., whether actually separate or not; a +piece; a fragment; a fraction; a division; a member; a constituent. + + And kept back part of the price, . . . and brought a certain part + and laid it at the apostles'feet. + + +Acts v. 2. + + Our ideas of extension and number -- do they not contain a secret + relation of the parts ? + + +Locke. + + I am a part of all that I have met. + + +Tennyson. + +2. Hence, specifically: (a) An equal constituent portion; one of +several or many like quantities, numbers, etc., into which anything is +divided, or of which it is composed; proportional division or +ingredient. + + An homer is the tenth part of an ephah. + + +Ex. xvi. 36. + + A thought which, quartered, hath but one part wisdom, And ever + three parts coward. + + +Shak. + +(b) A constituent portion of a living or spiritual whole; a member; an +organ; an essential element. + + All the parts were formed . . . into one harmonious body. + + +Locke. + + The pulse, the glow of every part. + + +Keble. + +(c) A constituent of character or capacity; quality; faculty; talent; +-- usually in the plural with a collective sense. "Men of considerable +parts." Burke. "Great quickness of parts." Macaulay. + + Which maintained so politic a state of evil, that they will not + admit any good part to intermingle with them. + + +Shak. + +(d) Quarter; region; district; -- usually in the plural. "The uttermost +part of the heaven." Neh. i. 9. + + All parts resound with tumults, plaints, and fears. + + +Dryden. + +(e) (Math.) Such portion of any quantity, as when taken a certain +number of times, will exactly make that quantity; as, 3 is a part of +12; -- the opposite of multiple. Also, a line or other element of a +geometrical figure. + +3. That which belongs to one, or which is assumed by one, or which +falls to one, in a division or apportionment; share; portion; lot; +interest; concern; duty; office. + + We have no part in David. + + +2 Sam. xx. 1. + + Accuse not Nature! she hath done her part; Do thou but thine. + + +Milton. + + Let me bear My part of danger with an equal share. + + +Dryden. + +4. Hence, specifically: (a) One of the opposing parties or sides in a +conflict or a controversy; a faction. + + For he that is not against us is on our part. + + +Mark ix. 40. + + Make whole kingdoms take her brother's part. + + +Waller. + +(b) A particular character in a drama or a play; an assumed +personification; also, the language, actions, and influence of a +character or an actor in a play; or, figuratively, in real life. See To +act a part, under Act. + + That part Was aptly fitted and naturally performed. + + +Shak. + + It was a brute part of him to kill so capital a calf. + + +Shak. + + Honor and shame from no condition rise; Act well your part, there + all the honor lies. + + +Pope. + +(c) (Mus.) One of the different melodies of a concerted composition, +which heard in union compose its harmony; also, the music for each +voice or instrument; as, the treble, tenor, or bass part; the violin +part, etc. + +For my part, so far as concerns me; for my share. -- For the most part. +See under Most, a. -- In good part, as well done; favorably; +acceptably; in a friendly manner. Hooker. -- In ill part, unfavorably; +with displeasure. -- In part, in some degree; partly. -- Part and +parcel, an essential or constituent portion; -- a reduplicative phrase. +Cf. might and main, kith and kin, etc. "She was . . . part and parcel +of the race and place." Howitt. -- Part of speech (Gram.), a sort or +class of words of a particular character; thus, the noun is a part of +speech denoting the name of a thing; the verb is a part of speech which +asserts something of the subject of a sentence. -- Part owner (Law), +one of several owners or tenants in common. See Joint tenant, under +Joint. -- Part singing, singing in which two or more of the harmonic +parts are taken. -- Part song, a song in two or more (commonly four) +distinct vocal parts. "A part song differs from a madrigal in its +exclusion of contrapuntual devices; from a glee, in its being sung by +many voices, instead of by one only, to each part." Stainer & Barrett. + +Syn. -- Portion; section; division; fraction; fragment; piece; share; +constituent. See Portion, and Section. + +Part (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Parted; p. pr. & vb. n. Parting.] [F. +partir, L. partire, partiri, p. p. partitus, fr. pars, gen. partis, a +part. See Part, n.] + +1. To divide; to separate into distinct parts; to break into two or +more parts or pieces; to sever. "Thou shalt part it in pieces." Lev. +ii. 6. + + There, [celestial love] parted into rainbow hues. + + +Keble. + +2. To divide into shares; to divide and distribute; to allot; to +apportion; to share. + + To part his throne, and share his heaven with thee. + + +Pope. + + They parted my raiment among them. + + +John xix. 24. + +3. To separate or disunite; to cause to go apart; to remove from +contact or contiguity; to sunder. + + The Lord do so to me, and more also, if aught but death part thee + and me. + + +Ruth i. 17. + + While he blessed them, he was parted from them, and carried up into + heaven. + + +Luke xxiv. 51. + + The narrow seas that part The French and English. + + +Shak. + +4. Hence: To hold apart; to stand between; to intervene betwixt, as +combatants. + + The stumbling night did part our weary powers. + + +Shak. + +5. To separate by a process of extraction, elimination, or secretion; +as, to part gold from silver. + + The liver minds his own affair, . . . And parts and strains the + vital juices. + + +Prior. + +6. To leave; to quit. [Obs.] + + Since presently your souls must part your bodies. + + +Shak. + +To part a cable (Naut.), to break it. -- To part company, to separate, +as travelers or companions. + +Part, v. i. 1. To be broken or divided into parts or pieces; to break; +to become separated; to go asunder; as, rope parts; his hair parts in +the middle. + +2. To go away; to depart; to take leave; to quit each other; hence, to +die; -- often with from. + + He wrung Bassanio's hand, and so they parted. + + +Shak. + + He owned that he had parted from the duke only a few hours before. + + +Macaulay. + + His precious bag, which he would by no means part from. + + +G. Eliot. + +3. To perform an act of parting; to relinquish a connection of any +kind; -- followed by with or from. + + Celia, for thy sake, I part With all that grew so near my heart. + + +Waller. + + Powerful hands . . . will not part Easily from possession won with + arms. + + +Milton. + + It was strange to him that a father should feel no tenderness at + parting with an only son. + + +A. Trollope. + +4. To have a part or share; to partake. [Obs.] "They shall part alike." +1 Sam. xxx. 24. + +Part, adv. Partly; in a measure. [R.] Shak. + +Part"a*ble (?), a. See Partible. Camden. + +Part"age (?), n. [F. See Part, v. & n.] + +1. Division; the act of dividing or sharing. [Obs.] Fuller. + +2. Part; portion; share. [Obs.] Ford. + +Par*take" (?), v. i. [imp. Partook (?); p. p. Partaken (&?;); p. pr. & +vb. n. Partaking.] [Part + take.] + +1. To take a part, portion, lot, or share, in common with others; to +have a share or part; to participate; to share; as, to partake of a +feast with others. "Brutes partake in this faculty." Locke. + + When I against myself with thee partake. + + +Shak. + +2. To have something of the properties, character, or office; -- +usually followed by of. + + The attorney of the Duchy of Lancaster partakes partly of a judge, + and partly of an attorney-general. + + +Bacon. + +<! p. 1046 !> + +Par*take" (?), v. t. 1. To partake of; to have a part or share in; to +share. + + Let every one partake the general joy. + + +Driden. + +2. To admit to a share; to cause to participate; to give a part to. +[Obs.] Spencer. + +3. To distribute; to communicate. [Obs.] Shak. + +Par*tak"er (?), n. 1. One who partakes; a sharer; a participator. + + Partakers of their spiritual things. + + +Rom. xv. 27. + + Wish me partaker in my happiness. + + +Shark. + +2. An accomplice; an associate; a partner. [Obs.] + + Partakers wish them in the blood of the prophets. + + +Matt. xxiii. 30. + +Par"tan (?), n. [Cf. Ir. & Gael. partan.] (Zoˆl.) An edible British +crab. [Prov. Eng.] + +Part"ed (?), a. 1. Separated; devided. + +2. Endowed with parts or abilities. [Obs.] B. Jonson. + +3. (Bot.) Cleft so that the divisions reach nearly, but not quite, to +the midrib, or the base of the blade; -- said of a leaf, and used +chiefly in composition; as, three- parted, five-parted, etc. Gray. + +Part"er (?), n. One who, or which, parts or separates. Sir P. Sidney. + +Par*terre" (?), n. [F., fr. par on, by (L. per)+terre earth, ground, L. +terra. See Terrace.] 1. (Hort.) An ornamental and diversified +arrangement of beds or plots, in which flowers are cultivated, with +intervening spaces of gravel or turf for walking on. + +2. The pit of a theater; the parquet. [France] + +Par*the"ni*ad (?), n. [See Parthenic.] A poem in honor of a virgin. +[Obs.] + +Par*then"ic (?), a. [Gr. &?;, fr. &?; a maid, virgin.] Of or pertaining +to the Spartan PartheniÊ, or sons of unmarried women. + +Par`the*no*gen"e*sis (?), n. [Gr. parqe`nos a virgin + E. genesis.] 1. +(Biol.) The production of new individuals from virgin females by means +of ova which have the power of developing without the intervention of +the male element; the production, without fertilization, of cells +capable of germination. It is one of the phenomena of alternate +generation. Cf. Heterogamy, and Metagenesis. + +2. (Bot.) The production of seed without fertilization, believed to +occur through the nonsexual formation of an embryo extraneous to the +embrionic vesicle. + +Par`the*no*ge*net"ic, a. (Biol.) Of, pertaining to, or produced by, +parthenogenesis; as, parthenogenetic forms. -- +Par`the*no*ge*net"ic*al*ly, adv. + +Par`the*no*gen"i*tive (?), a. (Biol.) Parthenogenetic. + +Par`the*nog"e*ny (?), n. (Biol.) Same as Parthenogenesis. + +Par"the*non (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. Parqenw`n, fr.parqe`nos a virgin, i. +e., Athene, the Greek goddess called also Pallas.] A celebrated marble +temple of Athene, on the Acropolis at Athens. It was of the pure Doric +order, and has had an important influence on art. + +||Par*then"o*pe (p‰r*thn"*p), n. [L., the name of a Siren, fr. Gr. +||Parqeno`pn.] 1. (Gr. Myth.) One of the Sirens, who threw herself into +||the sea, in despair at not being able to beguile Ulysses by her +||songs. + +2. One of the asteroids between Mars and Jupiter, discovered by M. de +Gasparis in 1850. + +Par"thi*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to ancient Parthia, in Asia. -- n. +A native of Parthia. + +Parthian arrow, an arrow discharged at an enemy when retreating from +him, as was the custom of the ancient Parthians; hence, a parting shot. + +Par"tial (?), a. [F., fr. LL. partials, fr. L. pars, gen. partis, a +part; cf. (for sense 1) F. partiel. See Part, n.] 1. Of, pertaining to, +or affecting, a part only; not general or universal; not total or +entire; as, a partial eclipse of the moon. "Partial dissolutions of the +earth." T. Burnet. + +2. Inclined to favor one party in a cause, or one side of a question, +more then the other; baised; not indifferent; as, a judge should not be +partial. + + Ye have been partial in the law. + + +Mal. ii. 9. + +3. Having a predelection for; inclined to favor unreasonably; foolishly +fond. "A partial parent." Pope. + + Not partial to an ostentatious display. + + +Sir W. Scott. + +4. (Bot.) Pertaining to a subordinate portion; as, a compound umbel is +made up of a several partial umbels; a leaflet is often supported by a +partial petiole. + +Partial differentials, Partial differential coefficients, Partial +differentiation, etc. (of a function of two or more variables), the +differentials, differential coefficients, differentiation etc., of the +function, upon the hypothesis that some of the variables are for the +time constant. -- Partial fractions (Alg.), fractions whose sum equals +a given fraction. -- Partial tones (Music), the simple tones which in +combination form an ordinary tone; the overtones, or harmonics, which, +blending with a fundamental tone, cause its special quality of sound, +or timbre, or tone color. See, also, Tone. + +Par"tial*ism (?), n. Partiality; specifically (Theol.), the doctrine of +the Partialists. + +Par"tial*ist n. 1. One who is partial. [R.] + +2. (Theol.) One who holds that the atonement was made only for a part +of mankind, that is, for the elect. + +Par`ti*al"i*ty (?; 277), n. [Cf. F. partialitÈ.] 1. The quality or +state of being partial; inclination to favor one party, or one side of +a question, more than the other; undue bias of mind. + +2. A predilection or inclination to one thing rather than to others; +special taste or liking; as, a partiality for poetry or painting. +Roget. + +Par"tial*ize (?), v. t. & i. To make or be partial. [R.] + +Par"tial*ly adv. 1. In part; not totally; as, partially true; the sun +partially eclipsed. Sir T. Browne. + +2. In a partial manner; with undue bias of mind; with unjust favor or +dislike; as, to judge partially. Shak. + +Part`i*bil"i*ty (?), n. [From Partible.] The quality or state of being +partible; divisibility; separability; as, the partibility of an +inherttance. + +Part"i*ble (?), a. [L. partibilis, fr. partire to part, divide, fr. L. +pars: cf. F. partible. See Part.] Admitting of being parted; divisible; +separable; susceptible of severance or partition; as, an estate of +inheritance may be partible. "Make the molds partible." Bacon. + +Par*tic"i*pa*ble (?), a. Capable of being participated or shared. [R.] +Norris. + +Par*tic"i*pant (?), a. [L. participans, p. pr. of participare: cf. F. +participant. See Participate.] Sharing; participating; having a share +of part. Bacon. + +Par*tic"i*pant, n. A participator; a partaker. + + Participants in their . . . mysterious rites. + + +Bp. Warburton. + +Par*tic"i*pant*ly, adv. In a participant manner. + +Par*tic"i*pate (?), a. [L. participatus, p. p. of participare to +participate; pars, partis, part + capere to take. See Part, and +Capacious.] Acting in common; participating. [R.] Shak. + +Par*tic"i*pate (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Participated (?); p. pr. & vb. +n. Participating.] To have a share in common with others; to take a +part; to partake; -- followed by in, formely by of; as, to participate +in a debate. Shak. + + So would he participateof their wants. + + +Hayward. + + Mine may come when men With angels may participate. + + +Milton. + +Par*tic"i*pate, v. t. 1. To partake of; to share in; to receive a part +of. [R.] + + Fit to participate all rational delight. + + +Milton. + +2. To impart, or give, or share of. [Obs.] Drayton. + +Par*tic`i*pa"tion (?), n. [F. participation, L. participatio.] 1. The +act or state of participating, or sharing in common with others; as, a +participation in joy or sorrows. + + These deities are so by participation. + + +Bp. Stillingfleet. + + What an honor, that God should admit us into such a blessed + participation of himself! + + +Atterbury. + +2. Distribution; division into shares. [Obs.] Raleigh. + +3. community; fellowship; association. [Obs.] Shak. + +Par*tic"i*pa*tive (?), a. [Cf. F. participatif.] Capable of +participating. + +Par*tic"i*pa`tor (?), n. [L.] One who participates, or shares with +another; a partaker. + +Par`ti*cip"i*al (?), a. [L. participialis: cf. E. participal. See +Participle.] Having, or partaking of, the nature and use of a +participle; formed from a participle; as, a participial noun. Lowth. + +Par`ti*cip"i*al, n. A participial word. + +Par`ti*cip"i*al*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Participialized (?); p. +pr. & vb. n. Participializing.] To form into, or put in the form of, a +participle. [R.] + +Par`ti*cip"i*al*ly, adv. In the sense or manner of a participle. + +Par"ti*ci*ple (?), n. [F. participe, L. participium, fr. particeps +sharing, participant; pars, gen. partis, a part + capere to take. See +Participate.] 1. (Gram.) A part of speech partaking of the nature both +verb and adjective; a form of a verb, or verbal adjective, modifying a +noun, but taking the adjuncts of the verb from which it is derived. In +the sentences: a letter is written; being asleep he did not hear; +exhausted by toil he will sleep soundly, -- written, being, and +exhaustedare participles. + + By a participle, [I understand] a verb in an adjectival aspect. + + +Earle. + +Present participles, called also imperfect, or incomplete, participles, +end in -ing. Past participles, called also perfect, or complete, +participles, for the most part end in -ed, -d, -t, -en, or -n. A +participle when used merely as an attribute of a noun, without +reference to time, is called an adjective, or a participial adjective; +as, a written constitution; a rolling stone; the exhausted army. The +verbal noun in -ing has the form of the present participle. See Verbal +noun, under Verbal, a. + +2. Anything that partakes of the nature of different things. [Obs.] + + The participles or confines between plants and living creatures. + + +Bacon. + +Par"ti*cle (?), n. [L. particula, dim of pars, gen partis, a part: cf. +F. particule. See Part, and cf. Parcel.] 1. A minute part or portion of +matter; a morsel; a little bit; an atom; a jot; as, a particle of sand, +of wood, of dust. + + The small size of atoms which unite To make the smallest particle + of light. + + +Blackmore. + +2. Any very small portion or part; the smallest portion; as, he has not +a particle of patriotism or virtue. + + The houses had not given their commissioners authority in the least + particle to recede. + + +Clarendon. + +3. (R. C. Ch.) (a) A crumb or little piece of concecrated host. (b) The +smaller hosts distributed in the communion of the laity. Bp. +Fitzpatrick. + +4. (Gram.) A subordinate word that is never inflected (a preposition, +conjunction, interjection); or a word that can not be used except in +compositions; as, ward in backward, ly in lovely. + +Par"ti*col`ored, a. Same as Party-colored. + +Par*tic"u*lar (?), a. [OE. particuler, F. particulier, L. particularis. +See Particle.] 1. Relating to a part or portion of anything; concerning +a part separated from the whole or from others of the class; separate; +sole; single; individual; specific; as, the particular stars of a +constellation. Shak. + + [/Make] each particular hair to stand an end, Like quills upon the + fretful porpentine. + + +Shak. + + Seken in every halk and every herne Particular sciences for to + lerne. + + +Chaucer. + +2. Of or pertaining to a single person, class, or thing; belonging to +one only; not general; not common; hence, personal; peculiar; singular. +"Thine own particular wrongs." Shak. + + Wheresoever one plant draweth such a particular juice out of the + earth. + + +Bacon. + +3. Separate or distinct by reason of superiority; distinguished; +important; noteworthy; unusual; special; as, he brought no particular +news; she was the particular belle of the party. + +4. Concerned with, or attentive to, details; minute; circumstantial; +precise; as, a full and particular account of an accident; hence, nice; +fastidious; as, a man particular in his dress. + +5. (Law) (a) Containing a part only; limited; as, a particular estate, +or one precedent to an estate in remainder. (b) Holding a particular +estate; as, a particular tenant. Blackstone. + +6. (Logic) Forming a part of a genus; relatively limited in extension; +affirmed or denied of a part of a subject; as, a particular +proposition; -- opposed to universal: e. g. (particular affirmative) +Some men are wise; (particular negative) Some men are not wise. + +Particular average. See under Average. -- Particular Baptist, one of a +branch of the Baptist denomination the members of which hold the +doctrine of a particular or individual election and reprobation. -- +Particular lien (Law), a lien, or a right to retain a thing, for some +charge or claim growing out of, or connected with, that particular +thing. -- Particular redemption, the doctrine that the purpose, act, +and provisions of redemption are restricted to a limited number of the +human race. See Calvinism. + +Syn. -- Minute; individual; respective; appropriate; peculiar; +especial; exact; specific; precise; critical; circumstantial. See +Minute. + +Par*tic"u*lar (?), n. 1. A separate or distinct member of a class, or +part of a whole; an individual fact, point, circumstance, detail, or +item, which may be considered separately; as, the particulars of a +story. + + Particulars which it is not lawful for me to reveal. + + +Bacon. + + It is the greatest interest of particulars to advance the good of + the community. + + +L'Estrange. + +2. Special or personal peculiarity, trait, or character; individuality; +interest, etc. [Obs.] + + For his particular I'll receive him gladly. + + +Shak. + + If the particulars of each person be considered. + + +Milton. + + Temporal blessings, whether such as concern the public . . . or + such as concern our particular. + + +Whole Duty of Man. + +3. (Law) One of the details or items of grounds of claim; -- usually in +the pl.; also, a bill of particulars; a minute account; as, a +particular of premises. + + The reader has a particular of the books wherein this law was + written. + + +Ayliffe. + +Bill of particulars. See under Bill. - - In particular, specially; +peculiarly. "This, in particular, happens to the lungs." Blackmore. -- +To go into particulars, to relate or describe in detail or minutely. + +Par*tic"u*lar*ism (?), n. [Cf. F. particularisme.] 1. A minute +description; a detailed statement. [R.] + +2. (Theol.) The doctrine of particular election. + +3. (German Politics) Devotion to the interests of one's own kingdom or +province rather than to those of the empire. + +Par*tic"u*lar*ist, n. [Cf. F. particulariste.] One who holds to +particularism. -- Par*tic`u*lar*is"tic, a. + +Par*tic`u*lar"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Particularities (#). [Cf. F. +particularitÈ.] 1. The state or quality of being particular; +distinctiveness; circumstantiality; minuteness in detail. + +2. That which is particular; as: (a) Peculiar quality; individual +characteristic; peculiarity. "An old heathen altar with this +particularity." Addison. (b) Special circumstance; minute detail; +particular. "Even descending to particularities." Sir P. Sidney. (c) +Something of special or private concern or interest. + + Let the general trumpet blow his blast, Particularities and petty + sounds To cease! + + +Shak. + +Par*tic`u*lar*i*za"tion (?), n. The act of particularizing. Coleridge. + +Par*tic"u*lar*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Particularized (?); p. pr. & +vb. n. Particularizing (?).] [Cf. F. particulariser.] To give as a +particular, or as the particulars; to mention particularly; to give the +particulars of; to enumerate or specify in detail. + + He not only boasts of his parentage as an Israelite, but + particularizes his descent from Benjamin. + + +Atterbury. + +Par*tic"u*lar*ize, v. i. To mention or attend to particulars; to give +minute details; to be circumstantial; as, to particularize in a +narrative. + +Par*tic"u*lar*ly, adv. 1. In a particular manner; expressly; with a +specific reference or interest; in particular; distinctly. + +2. In an especial manner; in a high degree; as, a particularly +fortunate man; a particularly bad failure. + + The exact propriety of Virgil I particularly regarded as a great + part of his character. + + +Dryden. + +Par*tic"u*lar*ment (?), n. A particular; a detail. [Obs.] + +Par*tic"u*late (?), v. t. & i. [See Particle.] To particularize. [Obs.] + +Par*tic"u*late (?), a. 1. Having the form of a particle. + +2. Referring to, or produced by, particles, such as dust, minute germs, +etc. [R.] + + The smallpox is a particulate disease. + + +Tyndall. + +Par"ting (?), a. [From Part, v.] 1. Serving to part; dividing; +separating. + +2. Given when departing; as, a parting shot; a parting salute. "Give +him that parting kiss." Shak. + +3. Departing. "Speed the parting guest." Pope. + +4. Admitting of being parted; partible. + +Parting fellow, a partner. [Obs.] Chaucer. -- Parting pulley. See under +Pulley. -- Parting sand (Founding), dry, nonadhesive sand, sprinkled +upon the partings of a mold to facilitate the separation. -- Parting +strip (Arch.), in a sash window, one of the thin strips of wood let +into the pulley stile to keep the sashes apart; also, the thin piece +inserted in the window box to separate the weights. -- Parting tool +(Mach.), a thin tool, used in turning or planing, for cutting a piece +in two. + +<! p. 1047 !> + +Par"ting (?), n. 1. The act of parting or dividing; the state of being +parted; division; separation. "The parting of the way." Ezek. xxi. 21. + +2. A separation; a leave-taking. Shak. + + And there were sudden partings, such as press The life from out + young hearts. + + +Byron. + +3. A surface or line of separation where a division occurs. + +4. (Founding) The surface of the sand of one section of a mold where it +meets that of another section. + +5. (Chem.) The separation and determination of alloys; esp., the +separation, as by acids, of gold from silver in the assay button. + +6. (Geol.) A joint or fissure, as in a coal seam. + +7. (Naut.) The breaking, as of a cable, by violence. + +8. (Min.) Lamellar separation in a crystallized mineral, due to some +other cause than cleavage, as to the presence of twinning lamellÊ. + +Par"ti*san (?), n. [F., fr. It. partigiano. See Party, and cf. Partisan +a truncheon.] [Written also partizan.] 1. An adherent to a party or +faction; esp., one who is strongly and passionately devoted to a party +or an interest. "The violence of a partisan." Macaulay. + + Both sides had their partisans in the colony. + + +Jefferson. + +2. (Mil.) (a) The commander of a body of detached light troops engaged +in making forays and harassing an enemy. (b) Any member of such a +corps. + +Par"ti*san, a. [Written also partizan.] 1. Adherent to a party or +faction; especially, having the character of blind, passionate, or +unreasonable adherence to a party; as, blinded by partisan zeal. + +2. (Mil.) Serving as a partisan in a detached command; as, a partisan +officer or corps. + +Partisan ranger (Mil.), a member of a partisan corps. + +Par"ti*san, n. [F. pertuisane, prob. fr. It. partigiana, influenced in +French by OF. pertuisier to pierce. It was prob. so named as the weapon +of some partisans, or party men. Cf. Partisan one of a corps of light +troops.] A kind of halberd or pike; also, a truncheon; a staff. + + And make him with our pikes and partisans a grave. + + +Shak. + +Par"ti*san*ship, n. The state of being a partisan, or adherent to a +party; feelings or conduct appropriate to a partisan. + +||Par*ti"ta (?), n. [It.] (Mus.) A suite; a set of variations. + +Par"tite (?), a. [L. partitus, p. p. of partire to part, divide, from +pars. See Part, and cf. Party, a.] (Bot.) Divided nearly to the base; +as, a partite leaf is a simple separated down nearly to the base. + +Par*ti"tion (?), n. [F. partition, L. partitio. See Part, v.] 1. The +act of parting or dividing; the state of being parted; separation; +division; distribution; as, the partition of a kingdom. + + And good from bad find no partition. + + +Shak. + +2. That which divides or separates; that by which different things, or +distinct parts of the same thing, are separated; separating boundary; +dividing line or space; specifically, an interior wall dividing one +part or apartment of a house, an inclosure, or the like, from another; +as, a brick partition; lath and plaster partitions. + + No sight could pass Betwixt the nice partitions of the grass. + + +Dryden. + +3. A part divided off by walls; an apartment; a compartment. [R.] +"Lodged in a small partition." Milton. + +4. (Law.) The servance of common or undivided interests, particularly +in real estate. It may be effected by consent of parties, or by +compulsion of law. + +5. (Mus.) A score. + +Partition of numbers (Math.), the resolution of integers into parts +subject to given conditions. Brande & C. + +Par*ti"tion (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Partitioned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Partitioning.] 1. To divide into parts or shares; to divide and +distribute; as, to partition an estate among various heirs. + +2. To divide into distinct parts by lines, walls, etc.; as, to +partition a house. + + Uniform without, though severally partitioned within. + + +Bacon. + +Par*ti"tion*ment (?), n. The act of partitioning. + +Par"ti*tive (?), a. [Cf. F. partitif.] (Gram.) Denoting a part; as, a +partitive genitive. + +Par"ti*tive, n. (Gram.) A word expressing partition, or denoting a +part. + +Par"ti*tive*ly, adv. In a partitive manner. + +Part"let (?), n. [Dim. of part.] 1. A covering for the neck, and +sometimes for the shoulders and breast; originally worn by both sexes, +but laterby women alone; a ruff. [Obs.] Fuller. + +2. A hen; -- so called from the ruffing of her neck feathers. "Dame +Partlett, the hen." Shak. + +Part"ly, adv. In part; in some measure of degree; not wholly. "I partly +believe it." 1 Cor. xi. 18. + +Part"ner (?), n. [For parcener, influenced by part.] 1. One who has a +part in anything with an other; a partaker; an associate; a sharer. +"Partner of his fortune." Shak. Hence: (a) A husband or a wife. (b) +Either one of a couple who dance together. (c) One who shares as a +member of a partnership in the management, or in the gains and losses, +of a business. + + My other self, the partner of my life. + + +Milton. + +2. (Law) An associate in any business or occupation; a member of a +partnership. See Partnership. + +3. pl. (Naut.) A framework of heavy timber surrounding an opening in a +deck, to strengthen it for the support of a mast, pump, capstan, or the +like. + +Dormant, or Silent, partner. See under Dormant, a. + +Syn. -- Associate; colleague; coadjutor; confederate; partaker; +participator; companion; comrade; mate. + +Part"ner, v. t. To associate, to join. [Obs.] Shak. + +Part"ner*ship, n. 1. The state or condition of being a partner; as, to +be in partnership with another; to have partnership in the fortunes of +a family or a state. + +2. A division or sharing among partners; joint possession or interest. + + Rome, that ne'er knew three lordly heads before, First fell by + fatal partnership of power. + + +Rowe. + + He does possession keep, And is too wise to hazard partnership. + + +Dryden. + +3. An alliance or association of persons for the prosecution of an +undertaking or a business on joint account; a company; a firm; a house; +as, to form a partnership. + +4. (Law) A contract between two or more competent persons for joining +together their money, goods, labor, and skill, or any or all of them, +under an understanding that there shall be a communion of profit +between them, and for the purpose of carrying on a legal trade, +business, or adventure. Kent. Story. + +Community of profit is absolutely essential to, though not necessary +the test of, a partnership. + +5. (Arith.) See Fellowship, n., 6. + +Limited partnership, a form of partnership in which the firm consists +of one or more general partners, jointly and severally responsible as +ordinary partners, and one or more special partners, who are not liable +for the debts of the partnership beyond the amount of cash they +contribute as capital. -- Partnership in commendam, the title given to +the limited partnership (F. sociÈtÈ en commanditÈ) of the French law, +introduced into the code of Louisiana. Burrill. -- Silent partnership, +the relation of partnership sustained by a person who furnishes capital +only. + +Par*took" (?), imp. of Partake. + +Par"tridge (?), n. [OE. partriche, pertriche, OF. pertris, perdriz, F. +perdrix, L. perdix, -icis, fr. Gr. &?;.] (Zoˆl.) 1. Any one of numerous +species of small gallinaceous birds of the genus Perdix and several +related genera of the family PerdicidÊ, of the Old World. The partridge +is noted as a game bird. + + Full many a fat partrich had he in mew. + + +Chaucer. + +The common European, or gray, partridge (Perdix cinerea) and the +red-legged partridge (Caccabis rubra) of Southern Europe and Asia are +well-known species. + +2. Any one of several species of quail-like birds belonging to Colinus, +and allied genera. [U.S.] + +Among them are the bobwhite (Colinus Virginianus) of the Eastern +States; the plumed, or mountain, partridge (Oreortyx pictus) of +California; the Massena partridge (Cyrtonyx MontezumÊ); and the +California partridge (Callipepla Californica). + +3. The ruffed grouse (Bonasa umbellus). [New Eng.] + +Bamboo partridge (Zoˆl.), a spurred partridge of the genus Bambusicola. +Several species are found in China and the East Indies. -- Night +partridge (Zoˆl.), the woodcock. [Local, U.S.] -- Painted partridge +(Zoˆl.), a francolin of South Africa (Francolinus pictus). -- Partridge +berry. (Bot.) (a) The scarlet berry of a trailing american plant +(Mitchella repens) of the order RubiaceÊ, having roundish evergreen +leaves, and white fragrant flowers sometimes tinged with purple, +growing in pairs with the ovaries united, and producing the berries +which remain over winter; also, the plant itself. (b) The fruit of the +creeping wintergreen (Gaultheria procumbens); also, the plant itself. +-- Partridge dove (Zoˆl.) Same as Mountain witch, under Mountain. -- +Partridge pea (Bot.), a yellow-flowered leguminous herb (Cassia +ChamÊcrista), common in sandy fields in the Eastern United States. -- +Partridge shell (Zoˆl.), a large marine univalve shell (Dolium perdix), +having colors variegated like those of the partridge. -- Partridge wood +(a) A variegated wood, much esteemed for cabinetwork. It is obtained +from tropical America, and one source of it is said to be the +leguminous tree Andira inermis. Called also pheasant wood. (b) A name +sometimes given to the dark-colored and striated wood of some kind of +palm, which is used for walking sticks and umbrella handles. -- Sea +partridge (Zoˆl.), an Asiatic sand partridge (Ammoperdix Bonhami); -- +so called from its note. -- Snow partridge (Zoˆl.), a large spurred +partridge (Lerwa nivicola) which inhabits the high mountains of Asia. +-- Spruce partridge. See under Spruce. -- Wood partridge, or Hill +partridge (Zoˆl.), any small Asiatic partridge of the genus Arboricola. + +Par"ture (?), n. Departure. [Obs.] Spenser. + +Par*tu"ri*ate (?), v. i. [See Parturient.] To bring forth young. [Obs.] + +Par*tu"ri*en*cy (?), n. Parturition. + +Par*tu"ri*ent (?), a. [L. parturiens, p. pr. of parturire to desire to +bring forth, fr. parere, partum, to bring forth. See Parent.] Bringing +forth, or about to bring forth, young; fruitful. Jer. Tailor. + +Par*tu`ri*fa"cient (?), n. [L. parturire to desire to bring forth + +facere to make.] (Med.) A medicine tending to cause parturition, or to +give relief in childbearing. Dunglison. + +Par*tu"ri*ous (?), a. Parturient. [Obs.] Drayton. + +Par`tu*ri"tion (?), n. [L. parturitio, fr. parturire: cf. F. +parturition. See Parturient.] 1. The act of bringing forth, or being +delivered of, young; the act of giving birth; delivery; childbirth. + +2. That which is brought forth; a birth. [Obs.] + +Par*tu"ri*tive (?), a. Pertaining to parturition; obstetric. [R.] + +Par"ty (?), n.; pl. Parties (#). [F. parti and partie, fr. F. partir to +part, divide, L. partire, partiri. See Part, v.] 1. A part or portion. +[Obs.] "The most party of the time." Chaucer. + +2. A number of persons united in opinion or action, as distinguished +from, or opposed to, the rest of a community or association; esp., one +of the parts into which a people is divided on questions of public +policy. + + Win the noble Brutus to our party. + + +Shak. + + The peace both parties want is like to last. + + +Dryden. + +3. A part of a larger body of company; a detachment; especially (Mil.), +a small body of troops dispatched on special service. + +4. A number of persons invited to a social entertainment; a select +company; as, a dinner party; also, the entertainment itself; as, to +give a party. + +5. One concerned or interested in an affair; one who takes part with +others; a participator; as, he was a party to the plot; a party to the +contract. + +6. The plaintiff or the defendant in a lawsuit, whether an individual, +a firm, or corporation; a litigant. + + The cause of both parties shall come before the judges. + + +Ex. xxii. 9. + +7. Hence, any certain person who is regarded as being opposed or +antagonistic to another. + + It the jury found that the party slain was of English race, it had + been adjudged felony. + + +Sir J. Davies. + +8. Cause; side; interest. + + Have you nothing said Upon this Party 'gainst the Duke of Albany? + + +Shak. + +9. A person; as, he is a queer party. [Now accounted a vulgarism.] + +"For several generations, our ancestors largely employed party for +person; but this use of the word, when it appeared to be reviving, +happened to strike, more particularly, the fancy of the vulgar; and the +consequence has been, that the polite have chosen to leave it in their +undisputed possession." Fitzed. Hall. + +Party jury (Law), a jury composed of different parties, as one which is +half natives and half foreigners. -- Party man, a partisan. Swift. -- +Party spirit, a factious and unreasonable temper, not uncommonly shown +by party men. Whately. -- Party verdict, a joint verdict. Shak. -- +Party wall. (a) (Arch.) A wall built upon the dividing line between two +adjoining properties, usually having half its thickness on each +property. (b) (Law) A wall that separates adjoining houses, as in a +block or row. + +Par"ty, a. [F. parti divided, fr. partir to divide. See Part, v., and +cf. Partite.] 1. (Her.) Parted or divided, as in the direction or form +of one of the ordinaries; as, an escutcheon party per pale. + +2. Partial; favoring one party. + + I will be true judge, and not party. + + +Chaucer. + +Charter party. See under Charter. + +Par"ty, adv. Partly. [Obs.] Chaucer. + +Par"ty-coat`ed (?), a. Having a motley coat, or coat of divers colors. +Shak. + +{ Par"ty-col`ored, Par"ti-col`ored } (?), a. Colored with different +tints; variegated; as, a party-colored flower. "Parti-colored lambs." +Shak. + +Par"ty*ism (?), n. Devotion to party. + +Par`um*bil"ic*al (?), a. [Pref. para- + umbilical.] (Anat.) Near the +umbilicus; -- applied especially to one or more small veins which, in +man, connect the portal vein with the epigastric veins in the front +wall of the abdomen. + +||Pa*ru"si*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; presence, fr. &?; to be present; +||para` beside + &?; to be.] (Rhet.) A figure of speech by which the +||present tense is used instead of the past or the future, as in the +||animated narration of past, or in the prediction of future, events. + +Par`va*nim"i*ty (?), n. [L. parvus little + animus mind.] The state or +quality of having a little or ignoble mind; pettiness; meanness; -- +opposed to magnanimity. De Quincey. + +Par"ve*nu` (?), n. [F., prop. p. p. of parvenir to attain to, to +succeed, to rise to high station, L. pervenire to come to; per through ++ venire to come. See Par, prep., and Come.] An upstart; a man newly +risen into notice. + +{ Par"vis, Par"vise } (?), n. [F. parvis, fr. LL. paravisus, fr. L. +paradisus. See Paradise.] a court of entrance to, or an inclosed space +before, a church; hence, a church porch; -- sometimes formerly used as +place of meeting, as for lawyers. Chaucer. + +{ Par"vi*tude (?), Par"vi*ty (?), } n. [L. parvitas, fr. parvus little: +cf. OF. parvitÈ.] Littleness. [Obs.] Glanvill. Ray. + +Par"vo*lin (?), n. (Physiol. Chem.) A nonoxygenous ptomaine, formed in +the putrefaction of albuminous matters, especially of horseflesh and +mackerel. + +Par"vo*line (?), n. (Chem.) A liquid base, C&?;H&?;N, of the pyridine +group, found in coal tar; also, any one of the series of isometric +substances of which it is the type. + +||Pas (?), n. [F. See Pace.] 1. A pace; a step, as in a dance. Chaucer. + +2. Right of going foremost; precedence. Arbuthnot. + +Pa"san (?), n. (Zoˆl.) The gemsbok. + +{ Pasch (?), ||Pas"cha (?), } n. [AS. pascha, L. pascha, Gr. &?;, fr. +Heb. pesach, fr. psach to pass over: cf. OF. pasque, F. p‚que. Cf. +Paschal, Paas, Paque.] The passover; the feast of Easter. + +Pasch egg. See Easter egg, under Easter. -- Pasch flower. See Pasque +flower, under Pasque. + +Pas"chal (?), a. [L. paschalis: cf. F. pascal. See Pasch.] Of or +pertaining to the passover, or to Easter; as, a paschal lamb; paschal +eggs. Longfellow. + +Paschal candle (R. C. Ch.), a large wax candle, blessed and placed on +the altar on Holy Saturday, or the day before Easter. -- Paschal +flower. See Pasque flower, under Pasque. + +<! p. 1048 !> + +Pa*seng" (?), n. (Zoˆl.) The wild or bezoar goat. See Goat. + +Pash (?), v. t. [Prob. of imitative origin, or possibly akin to box to +fight with the fists.] To strike; to crush; to smash; to dash in +pieces. [Obs.] P. Plowman. "I'll pash him o'er the face." Shak. + +Pash, n. [Scot., the pate. Cf. Pash, v. t.] 1. The head; the poll. [R.] +"A rough pash." Shak. + +2. A crushing blow. [Obs.] + +3. A heavy fall of rain or snow. [Prov. Eng.] + +Pa*sha" (?), n. [Turk. psh, bsh; cf. Per. bsh, bdshh; perh. a +corruption of Per. pdishh. Cf. Bashaw, Padishah, Shah.] An honorary +title given to officers of high rank in Turkey, as to governers of +provinces, military commanders, etc. The earlier form was bashaw. +[Written also pacha.] + +There are three classes of pashas, whose rank is distinguished by the +number of the horsetails borne on their standards, being one, two, or +three, a pasha of three tails being the highest. + +Pa*sha"lic (?), n. [Written also pachalic.] [Turk.] The jurisdiction of +a pasha. + +Pa*shaw" (?), n. See Pasha. + +{ Pas`i*graph"ic (?), Pas`i*graph"ic*al (?) } a. Of or pertaining to +pasigraphy. + +Pa*sig"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr. &?; for all (dat. pl. of &?; all) + +-graphy.] A system of universal writing, or a manner of writing that +may be understood and used by all nations. Good. + +Pas"i*la`ly (?), n. [Gr. &?; for all (dat. pl. of &?; all) + &?; +talking.] A form of speech adapted to be used by all mankind; universal +language. + +Pask (?), n. [See Pasque.] See Pasch. + +Pas"py (?), n. [F. passe-pied.] A kind of minuet, in triple time, of +French origin, popular in the reign of Queen Elizabeth and for some +time after; -- called also passing measure, and passymeasure. Percy +Smith. + +Pasque (?), n. [OF. pasque.] See Pasch. + +Pasque flower (Bot.), a name of several plants of the genus Anemone, +section Pulsatilla. They are perennial herbs with rather large purplish +blossoms, which appear in early spring, or about Easter, whence the +common name. Called also campana. + +Pas"quil (?), n. [It. pasquillo.] See Pasquin. [R.] + +Pas"quil, v. t. [R.] See Pasquin. + +Pas"quil*ant (?), n. A lampooner; a pasquiler. [R.] Coleridge. + +Pas"quil*er (?), n. A lampooner. [R.] Burton. + +Pas"quin (?), n. [It. pasquino a mutilated statue at Rome, set up +against the wall of the place of the Orsini; -- so called from a witty +cobbler or tailor, near whose shop the statue was dug up. On this +statue it was customary to paste satiric papers.] A lampooner; also, a +lampoon. See Pasquinade. + + The Grecian wits, who satire first began, Were pleasant pasquins on + the life of man. + + +Dryden. + +Pas"quin, v. t. To lampoon; to satiraze. [R.] + + To see himself pasquined and affronted. + + +Dryden. + +Pas`quin*ade" (?), n. [F. pasquinade, It. pasquinata.] A lampoon or +satirical writing. Macaulay. + +Pas`quin*ade", v. t. To lampoon, to satirize. + +Pass (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Passed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Passing.] [F. +passer, LL. passare, fr. L. passus step, or from pandere, passum, to +spread out, lay open. See Pace.] 1. To go; to move; to proceed; to be +moved or transferred from one point to another; to make a transit; -- +usually with a following adverb or adverbal phrase defining the kind or +manner of motion; as, to pass on, by, out, in, etc.; to pass swiftly, +directly, smoothly, etc.; to pass to the rear, under the yoke, over the +bridge, across the field, beyond the border, etc. "But now pass over +[i. e., pass on]." Chaucer. + + On high behests his angels to and fro Passed frequent. + + +Milton. + + Sweet sounds rose slowly through their mouths, And from their + bodies passed. + + +Coleridge. + +2. To move or be transferred from one state or condition to another; to +change possession, condition, or circumstances; to undergo transition; +as, the business has passed into other hands. + + Others, dissatisfied with what they have, . . . pass from just to + unjust. + + +Sir W. Temple. + +3. To move beyond the range of the senses or of knowledge; to pass +away; hence, to disappear; to vanish; to depart; specifically, to +depart from life; to die. + + Disturb him not, let him pass paceably. + + +Shak. + + Beauty is a charm, but soon the charm will pass. + + +Dryden. + + The passing of the sweetest soul That ever looked with human eyes. + + +Tennyson. + +4. To move or to come into being or under notice; to come and go in +consciousness; hence, to take place; to occur; to happen; to come; to +occur progressively or in succession; to be present transitorily. + + So death passed upon all men. + + +Rom. v. 12. + + Our own consciousness of what passes within our own mind. + + +I. Watts. + +5. To go by or glide by, as time; to elapse; to be spent; as, their +vacation passed pleasantly. + + Now the time is far passed. + + +Mark vi. 35 + +6. To go from one person to another; hence, to be given and taken +freely; as, clipped coin will not pass; to obtain general acceptance; +to be held or regarded; to circulate; to be current; -- followed by for +before a word denoting value or estimation. "Let him pass for a man." +Shak. + + False eloquence passeth only where true is not understood. + + +Felton. + + This will not pass for a fault in him. + + +Atterbury. + +7. To advance through all the steps or stages necessary to validity or +effectiveness; to be carried through a body that has power to sanction +or reject; to receive legislative sanction; to be enacted; as, the +resolution passed; the bill passed both houses of Congress. + +8. To go through any inspection or test successfully; to be approved or +accepted; as, he attempted the examination, but did not expect to pass. + +9. To be suffered to go on; to be tolerated; hence, to continue; to +live along. "The play may pass." Shak. + +10. To go unheeded or neglected; to proceed without hindrance or +opposition; as, we let this act pass. + +11. To go beyond bounds; to surpass; to be in excess. [Obs.] "This +passes, Master Ford." Shak. + +12. To take heed; to care. [Obs.] + + As for these silken-coated slaves, I pass not. + + +Shak. + +13. To go through the intestines. Arbuthnot. + +14. (Law) To be conveyed or transferred by will, deed, or other +instrument of conveyance; as, an estate passes by a certain clause in a +deed. Mozley & W. + +15. (Fencing) To make a lunge or pass; to thrust. + +16. (Card Playing & other games) To decline to take an optional action +when it is one's turn, as to decline to bid, or to bet, or to play a +card; in euchre, to decline to make the trump. + + She would not play, yet must not pass. + + +Prior. + +17. In football, hockey, etc., to make a pass; to transfer the ball, +etc., to another player of one's own side. [Webster 1913 Suppl.] + +To bring to pass, To come to pass. See under Bring, and Come. -- To +pass away, to disappear; to die; to vanish. "The heavens shall pass +away." 2 Pet. iii. 10. "I thought to pass away before, but yet alive I +am." Tennyson. -- To pass by, to go near and beyond a certain person or +place; as, he passed by as we stood there. -- To pass into, to change +by a gradual transmission; to blend or unite with. -- To pass on, to +proceed. -- To pass on or upon. (a) To happen to; to come upon; to +affect. "So death passed upon all men." Rom. v. 12. "Provided no +indirect act pass upon our prayers to define them." Jer. Taylor. (b) To +determine concerning; to give judgment or sentence upon. "We may not +pass upon his life." Shak. -- To pass off, to go away; to cease; to +disappear; as, an agitation passes off. -- To pass over, to go from one +side or end to the other; to cross, as a river, road, or bridge. + +Pass (?), v. t. 1. In simple, transitive senses; as: (a) To go by, +beyond, over, through, or the like; to proceed from one side to the +other of; as, to pass a house, a stream, a boundary, etc. (b) Hence: To +go from one limit to the other of; to spend; to live through; to have +experience of; to undergo; to suffer. "To pass commodiously this life." +Milton. + + She loved me for the dangers I had passed. + + +Shak. + +(c) To go by without noticing; to omit attention to; to take no note +of; to disregard. + + Please you that I may pass This doing. + + +Shak. + + I pass their warlike pomp, their proud array. + + +Dryden. + +(d) To transcend; to surpass; to excel; to exceed. + + And strive to pass . . . Their native music by her skillful art. + + +Spenser. + + Whose tender power Passes the strength of storms in their most + desolate hour. + + +Byron. + +(e) To go successfully through, as an examination, trail, test, etc.; +to obtain the formal sanction of, as a legislative body; as, he passed +his examination; the bill passed the senate. + +2. In causative senses: as: (a) To cause to move or go; to send; to +transfer from one person, place, or condition to another; to transmit; +to deliver; to hand; to make over; as, the waiter passed bisquit and +cheese; the torch was passed from hand to hand. + + I had only time to pass my eye over the medals. + + +Addison. + + Waller passed over five thousand horse and foot by Newbridge. + + +Clarendon. + +(b) To cause to pass the lips; to utter; to pronounce; hence, to +promise; to pledge; as, to pass sentence. Shak. + + Father, thy word is passed. + + +Milton. + +(c) To cause to advance by stages of progress; to carry on with success +through an ordeal, examination, or action; specifically, to give legal +or official sanction to; to ratify; to enact; to approve as valid and +just; as, he passed the bill through the committee; the senate passed +the law. (e) To put in circulation; to give currency to; as, to pass +counterfeit money. "Pass the happy news." Tennyson. (f) To cause to +obtain entrance, admission, or conveyance; as, to pass a person into a +theater, or over a railroad. + +3. To emit from the bowels; to evacuate. + +4. (Naut.) To take a turn with (a line, gasket, etc.), as around a sail +in furling, and make secure. + +5. (Fencing) To make, as a thrust, punto, etc. Shak. + +Passed midshipman. See under Midshipman. -- To pass a dividend, to omit +the declaration and payment of a dividend at the time when due. -- To +pass away, to spend; to waste. "Lest she pass away the flower of her +age." Ecclus. xlii. 9. -- To pass by. (a) To disregard; to neglect. (b) +To excuse; to spare; to overlook. -- To pass off, to impose +fraudulently; to palm off. "Passed himself off as a bishop." Macaulay. +-- To pass (something) on or upon (some one), to put upon as a trick or +cheat; to palm off. "She passed the child on her husband for a boy." +Dryden. -- To pass over, to overlook; not to note or resent; as, to +pass over an affront. + +Pass, n. [Cf. F. pas (for sense 1), and passe, fr. passer to pass. See +Pass, v. i.] 1. An opening, road, or track, available for passing; +especially, one through or over some dangerous or otherwise +impracticable barrier; a passageway; a defile; a ford; as, a mountain +pass. + + "Try not the pass!" the old man said. + + +Longfellow. + +2. (Fencing) A thrust or push; an attempt to stab or strike an +adversary. Shak. + +3. A movement of the hand over or along anything; the manipulation of a +mesmerist. + +4. (Rolling Metals) A single passage of a bar, rail, sheet, etc., +between the rolls. + +5. State of things; condition; predicament. + + Have his daughters brought him to this pass. + + +Shak. + + Matters have been brought to this pass. + + +South. + +6. Permission or license to pass, or to go and come; a psssport; a +ticket permitting free transit or admission; as, a railroad or theater +pass; a military pass. + + A ship sailing under the flag and pass of an enemy. + + +Kent. + +7. Fig.: a thrust; a sally of wit. Shak. + +8. Estimation; character. [Obs.] + + Common speech gives him a worthy pass. + + +Shak. + +9. [Cf. Passus.] A part; a division. [Obs.] Chaucer. + +Pass boat (Naut.), a punt, or similar boat. -- Pass book. (a) A book in +which a trader enters articles bought on credit, and then passes or +sends it to the purchaser. (b) See Bank book. -- Pass box (Mil.), a +wooden or metallic box, used to carry cartridges from the service +magazine to the piece. -- Pass check, a ticket of admission to a place +of entertainment, or of readmission for one who goes away in +expectation of returning. + +Pass"a*ble (?), a. [Cf. F. passable.] 1. Capable of being passed, +traveled, navigated, traversed, penetrated, or the like; as, the roads +are not passable; the stream is passablein boats. + + His body's a passable carcass if it be not hurt; it is a + throughfare for steel. + + +Shak. + +2. Capable of being freely circulated or disseminated; acceptable; +generally receivable; current. + + With men as with false money -- one piece is more or less passable + than another. + + +L'Estrange. + + Could they have made this slander passable. + + +Collier. + +3. Such as may be allowed to pass without serious objection; tolerable; +admissable; moderate; mediocre. + + My version will appear a passable beauty when the original muse is + absent. + + +Dryden. + +Pass"a*ble*ness, n. The quality of being passable. + +Pass"a*bly, adv. Tolerably; moderately. + +{ ||Pas`sa*ca*glia (?), ||Pas`sa*ca*glio (?), } n. [Sp. pasacalle a +certain tune on the guitar, prop., a tune played in passing through the +streets.] (Mus.) An old Italian or Spanish dance tune, in slow +three-four measure, with divisions on a ground bass, resembling a +chaconne. + +{ Pas*sade" (?), Pas*sa"do (?), } n. [F. passade; cf. Sp. pasada. See +Pass, v. i.] 1. (Fencing) A pass or thrust. Shak. + +2. (Man.) A turn or course of a horse backward or forward on the same +spot of ground. + +Pas"sage (?), n. [F. passage. See Pass, v. i.] 1. The act of passing; +transit from one place to another; movement from point to point; a +going by, over, across, or through; as, the passage of a man or a +carriage; the passage of a ship or a bird; the passage of light; the +passage of fluids through the pores or channels of the body. + + What! are my doors opposed against my passage! + + +Shak. + +2. Transit by means of conveyance; journey, as by water, carriage, car, +or the like; travel; right, liberty, or means, of passing; conveyance. + + The ship in which he had taken passage. + + +Macaulay. + +3. Price paid for the liberty to pass; fare; as, to pay one's passage. + +4. Removal from life; decease; departure; death. [R.] "Endure thy +mortal passage." Milton. + + When he is fit and season'd for his passage. + + +Shak. + +5. Way; road; path; channel or course through or by which one passes; +way of exit or entrance; way of access or transit. Hence, a common +avenue to various apartments in a building; a hall; a corridor. + + And with his pointed dart Explores the nearest passage to his + heart. + + +Dryden. + + The Persian army had advanced into the . . . passages of Cilicia. + + +South. + +6. A continuous course, process, or progress; a connected or continuous +series; as, the passage of time. + + The conduct and passage of affairs. + + +Sir J. Davies. + + The passage and whole carriage of this action. + + +Shak. + +7. A separate part of a course, process, or series; an occurrence; an +incident; an act or deed. "In thy passages of life." Shak. + + The . . . almost incredible passage of their unbelief. + + +South. + +8. A particular portion constituting a part of something continuous; +esp., a portion of a book, speech, or musical composition; a paragraph; +a clause. + + How commentators each dark passage shun. + + +Young. + +9. Reception; currency. [Obs.] Sir K. Digby. + +10. A pass or en encounter; as, a passage at arms. + + No passages of love Betwixt us twain henceforward evermore. + + +Tennyson. + +11. A movement or an evacuation of the bowels. + +12. In parliamentary proceedings: (a) The course of a proposition +(bill, resolution, etc.) through the several stages of consideration +and action; as, during its passage through Congress the bill was +amended in both Houses. (b) The advancement of a bill or other +proposition from one stage to another by an affirmative vote; esp., the +final affirmative action of the body upon a proposition; hence, +adoption; enactment; as, the passage of the bill to its third reading +was delayed. "The passage of the Stamp Act." D. Hosack. + + The final question was then put upon its passage. + + +Cushing. + +In passage, in passing; cursorily. "These . . . have been studied but +in passage." Bacon. - - Middle passage, Northeast passage, Northwest +passage. See under Middle, Northeast, etc. -- Of passage, passing from +one place, region, or climate, to another; migratory; -- said +especially of birds. "Birds of passage." Longfellow. -- Passage hawk, a +hawk taken on its passage or migration. -- Passage money, money paid +for conveyance of a passenger, -- usually for carrying passengers by +water. + +<! p. 1049 !> + +Syn. -- Vestibule; hall; corridor. See Vestibule. + +Pas"sa*ger (?), n. [See Passenger.] A passenger; a bird or boat of +passage. [Obs.] Ld. Berners. + +Pas"sage*way` (?), n. A way for passage; a hall. See Passage, 5. + +Pas"sant (?), a. [F., p. pr. of passer. See Pass, v. i.] 1. Passing +from one to another; in circulation; current. [Obs.] + + Many opinions are passant. + + +Sir T. Browne. + +2. Curs&?;ry, careless. [Obs.] + + On a passant rewiew of what I wrote to the bishop. + + +Sir P. Pett. + +3. Surpassing; excelling. [Obs.] Chaucer. + +4. (Her.) Walking; -- said of any animal on an escutcheon, which is +represented as walking with the dexter paw raised. + +{ ||Pas`sÈ", masc. ||Pas`sÈ"e, fem. } (?), a. [F.] Past; gone by; +hence, past one's prime; worn; faded; as, a passÈe belle. Ld. Lytton. + +Passe"garde` (?), n. [F.] (Anc. Armor) A ridge or projecting edge on a +shoulder piece to turn the blow of a lance or other weapon from the +joint of the armor. + +Passe"ment (?), n. [F.] Lace, gimp, braid etc., sewed on a garment. Sir +W. Scott. + +Passe*men"terie (E. ps*mn"tr; F. p‰`s'm‰N`t'r"), n. [F.] Beaded +embroidery for women's dresses. + +Pas"sen*ger (?), n. [OE. & F. passager. See Passage, and cf. +Messenger.] 1. A passer or passer-by; a wayfarer. Shak. + +2. A traveler by some established conveyance, as a coach, steamboat, +railroad train, etc. + +Passenger falcon (Zoˆl.), a migratory hawk. Ainsworth. -- Passenger +pigeon (Zoˆl.), the common wild pigeon of North America (Ectopistes +migratorius), so called on account of its extensive migrations. + +||Passe" par`tout" (?), n. [F., from passer to pass + partout +||everywhere.] 1. That by which one can pass anywhere; a safe-conduct. +||[Obs.] Dryden. + +2. A master key; a latchkey. + +3. A light picture frame or mat of cardboard, wood, or the like, +usually put between the picture and the glass, and sometimes serving +for several pictures. + +Pass"er (?), n. One who passes; a passenger. + +Pass`er-by" (?), n. One who goes by; a passer. + +||Pas"se*res (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. L. passer a sparrow.] (Zoˆl.) An +||order, or suborder, of birds, including more that half of all the +||known species. It embraces all singing birds (Oscines), together with +||many other small perching birds. + +Pas*ser"i*form (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Like or belonging to the Passeres. + +Pas"ser*ine (?), a. [L. passerinus, fr. passer a sparrow.] (Zoˆl.) Of +or pertaining to the Passeres. + + The columbine, gallinaceous, and passerine tribes people the fruit + trees. + + +Sydney Smith. + +Pas"ser*ine, n. (Zoˆl.) One of the Passeres. + +Pas`si*bil"i*ty (?), n. [L. passibilitas: cf. F. passibilitÈ.] The +quality or state of being passible; aptness to feel or suffer; +sensibility. Hakewill. + +Pas"si*ble (?), a. [L. passibilis, fr. pati, to suffer: cf. F. +passible. See Passion.] Susceptible of feeling or suffering, or of +impressions from external agents. + + Apolinarius, which held even deity itself passible. + + +Hooker. + +Pas"si*ble*ness, n. Passibility. Brerewood. + +||Pas"si*flo"ra (?), n. [NL., from L. passio passion (fr. pati, passus, +||to suffer) + flos, floris, flower.] (Bot.) A genus of plants, +||including the passion flower. It is the type of the order +||PassifloreÊ, which includes about nineteen genera and two hundred and +||fifty species. + +||Pas"sim (?), adv. [L.] Here and there; everywhere; as, this word +||occurs passim in the poem. + +Pass"ing (?), n. The act of one who, or that which, passes; the act of +going by or away. + +Passing bell, a tolling of a bell to announce that a soul is passing, +or has passed, from its body (formerly done to invoke prayers for the +dying); also, a tolling during the passing of a funeral procession to +the grave, or during funeral ceremonies. Sir W. Scott. Longfellow. + +Pass"ing, a. 1. Relating to the act of passing or going; going by, +beyond, through, or away; departing. + +2. Exceeding; surpassing, eminent. Chaucer. "Her passing deformity." +Shak. + +Passing note (Mus.), a character including a passing tone. -- Passing +tone (Mus.), a tone introduced between two other tones, on an +unaccented portion of a measure, for the sake of smoother melody, but +forming no essential part of the harmony. + +Pass"ing, adv. Exceedingly; excessively; surpassingly; as, passing +fair; passing strange. "You apprehend passing shrewdly." Shak. + +Pass"ing*ly, adv. Exceedingly. Wyclif. + +Pas"sion (?), n. [F., fr. L. passio, fr. pati, passus, to suffer. See +Patient.] 1. A suffering or enduring of imposed or inflicted pain; any +suffering or distress (as, a cardiac passion); specifically, the +suffering of Christ between the time of the last supper and his death, +esp. in the garden upon the cross. "The passions of this time." Wyclif +(Rom. viii. 18). + + To whom also he showed himself alive after his passion, by many + infallible proofs. + + +Acts i. 3. + +2. The state of being acted upon; subjection to an external agent or +influence; a passive condition; -- opposed to action. + + A body at rest affords us no idea of any active power to move, and, + when set is motion, it is rather a passion than an action in it. + + +Locke. + +3. Capacity of being affected by external agents; susceptibility of +impressions from external agents. [R.] + + Moldable and not moldable, scissible and not scissible, and many + other passions of matter. + + +Bacon. + +4. The state of the mind when it is powerfully acted upon and +influenced by something external to itself; the state of any particular +faculty which, under such conditions, becomes extremely sensitive or +uncontrollably excited; any emotion or sentiment (specifically, love or +anger) in a state of abnormal or controlling activity; an extreme or +inordinate desire; also, the capacity or susceptibility of being so +affected; as, to be in a passion; the passions of love, hate, +jealously, wrath, ambition, avarice, fear, etc.; a passion for war, or +for drink; an orator should have passion as well as rhetorical skill. +"A passion fond even to idolatry." Macaulay. "Her passion is to seek +roses." Lady M. W. Montagu. + + We also are men of like passions with you. + + +Acts xiv. 15. + + The nature of the human mind can not be sufficiently understood, + without considering the affections and passions, or those + modifications or actions of the mind consequent upon the + apprehension of certain objects or events in which the mind + generally conceives good or evil. + + +Hutcheson. + + The term passion, and its adverb passionately, often express a very + strong predilection for any pursuit, or object of taste -- a kind + of enthusiastic fondness for anything. + + +Cogan. + + The bravery of his grief did put me Into a towering passion. + + +Shak. + + The ruling passion, be it what it will, The ruling passion conquers + reason still. + + +Pope. + + Who walked in every path of human life, Felt every passion. + + +Akenside. + + When statesmen are ruled by faction and interest, they can have no + passion for the glory of their country. + + +Addison. + +5. Disorder of the mind; madness. [Obs.] Shak. + +6. Passion week. See Passion week, below. R. of Gl. + +Passion flower (Bot.), any flower or plant of the genus Passiflora; -- +so named from a fancied resemblance of parts of the flower to the +instruments of our Savior's crucifixion. + +The flowers are showy, and the fruit is sometimes highly esteemed (see +Granadilla, and Maypop). The roots and leaves are generally more or +less noxious, and are used in medicine. The plants are mostly tendril +climbers, and are commonest in the warmer parts of America, though a +few species are Asiatic or Australian. + +Passion music (Mus.), originally, music set to the gospel narrative of +the passion of our Lord; after the Reformation, a kind of oratorio, +with narrative, chorals, airs, and choruses, having for its theme the +passion and crucifixion of Christ. -- Passion play, a mystery play, in +which the scenes connected with the passion of our Savior are +represented dramatically. -- Passion Sunday (Eccl.), the fifth Sunday +in Lent, or the second before Easter. -- Passion Week, the last week +but one in Lent, or the second week preceding Easter. "The name of +Passion week is frequently, but improperly, applied to Holy Week." +Shipley. + +Syn. -- Passion, Feeling, Emotion. When any feeling or emotion +completely masters the mind, we call it a passion; as, a passion for +music, dress, etc.; especially is anger (when thus extreme) called +passion. The mind, in such cases, is considered as having lost its +self- control, and become the passive instrument of the feeling in +question. + +Pas"sion (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Passioned (?); p. pr & vb. n. +Passioning.] To give a passionate character to. [R.] Keats. + +Pas"sion, v. i. To suffer pain or sorrow; to experience a passion; to +be extremely agitated. [Obs.] "Dumbly she passions, frantically she +doteth." Shak. + +Pas"sion*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to passion or the passions; +exciting, influenced by, or ministering to, the passions. -- n. A +passionary. + +Pas"sion*a*ry (?), n. [L. passionarius: cf. F. passionaire.] A book in +which are described the sufferings of saints and martyrs. T. Warton. + +Pas"sion*ate (?), a. [LL. passionatus: cf. F. passionnÈ.] 1. Capable or +susceptible of passion, or of different passions; easily moved, excited +or agitated; specifically, easily moved to anger; irascible; +quick-tempered; as, a passionate nature. + + Homer's Achilles is haughty and passionate. + + +Prior. + +2. Characterized by passion; expressing passion; ardent in feeling or +desire; vehement; warm; as, a passionate friendship. "The passionate +Pilgrim." Shak. + +3. Suffering; sorrowful. [Obs.] Shak. + +Pas"sion*ate (?), v. i. 1. To affect with passion; to impassion. [Obs.] + + Great pleasure, mixed with pitiful regard, The godly kind and queen + did passionate. + + +Spenser. + +2. To express feelingly or sorrowfully. [Obs.] Shak. + +Pas"sion*ate*ly (?), adv. 1. In a passionate manner; with strong +feeling; ardently. + + Sorrow expresses itself . . . loudly and passionately. + + +South. + +2. Angrily; irascibly. Locke. + +Pas"sion*ate*ness, n. The state or quality of being passionate. + +Pas"sion*ist, n. (R. C. Ch.) A member of a religious order founded in +Italy in 1737, and introduced into the United States in 1852. The +members of the order unite the austerities of the Trappists with the +activity and zeal of the Jesuits and Lazarists. Called also Barefooted +Clerks of the Most Holy Cross. + +Pas"sion*less (?), a. Void of passion; without anger or emotion; not +easily excited; calm. "Self-contained and passionless." Tennyson. + +Pas"sion*tide` (?), n. [Passion + tide time.] The last fortnight of +Lent. + +Pas"sive (?), a. [L. passivus: cf. F. passif. See Passion.] 1. Not +active, but acted upon; suffering or receiving impressions or +influences; as, they were passive spectators, not actors in the scene. + + The passive air Upbore their nimble tread. + + +Milton. + + The mind is wholly passive in the reception of all its simple + ideas. + + +Locke. + +2. Receiving or enduring without either active sympathy or active +resistance; without emotion or excitement; patient; not opposing; +unresisting; as, passive obedience; passive submission. + + The best virtue, passive fortitude. + + +Massinger. + +3. (Chem.) Inactive; inert; not showing strong affinity; as, red +phosphorus is comparatively passive. + +4. (Med.) Designating certain morbid conditions, as hemorrhage or +dropsy, characterized by relaxation of the vessels and tissues, with +deficient vitality and lack of reaction in the affected tissues. + +Passive congestion (Med.), congestion due to obstruction to the return +of the blood from the affected part. -- Passive iron (Chem.), iron +which has been subjected to the action of heat, of strong nitric acid, +chlorine, etc. It is then not easily acted upon by acids. -- Passive +movement (Med.), a movement of a part, in order to exercise it, made +without the assistance of the muscles which ordinarily move the part. +-- Passive obedience (as used by writers on government), obedience or +submission of the subject or citizen as a duty in all cases to the +existing government. -- Passive prayer, among mystic divines, a +suspension of the activity of the soul or intellectual faculties, the +soul remaining quiet, and yielding only to the impulses of grace. -- +Passive verb, or Passive voice (Gram.), a verb, or form of a verb, +which expresses the effect of the action of some agent; as, in Latin, +doceor, I am taught; in English, she is loved; the picture is admired +by all; he is assailed by slander. + +Syn. -- Inactive; inert; quiescent; unresisting; unopposing; suffering; +enduring; submissive; patient. + +Pas"sive*ly, adv. 1. In a passive manner; inertly; unresistingly. + +2. As a passive verb; in the passive voice. + +Pas"sive*ness, n. The quality or state of being passive; unresisting +submission. + + To be an effect implies passiveness, or the being subject to the + power and action of its cause. + + +J. Edwards. + +Pas*siv"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. passivitÈ.] 1. Passiveness; -- opposed to +activity. Jer. Taylor. + +2. (Physics) The tendency of a body to remain in a given state, either +of motion or rest, till disturbed by another body; inertia. Cheyne. + +3. (Chem.) The quality or condition of any substance which has no +inclination to chemical activity; inactivity. + +Pass"-key` (?), n. A key for opening more locks than one; a master key. + +Pass"less, a. Having no pass; impassable. Cowley. + +Pass"man (?), n.; pl. Passmen (&?;). One who passes for a degree, +without honors. See Classman, 2. [Eng. Univ.] + +Pass"o`ver (?), n. [Pass + over. See Pasch.] (Jewish Antiq.) (a) A +feast of the Jews, instituted to commemorate the sparing of the Hebrews +in Egypt, when God, smiting the firstborn of the Egyptians, passed over +the houses of the Israelites which were marked with the blood of a +lamb. (b) The sacrifice offered at the feast of the passover; the +paschal lamb. Ex. xii. + +Pass`-pa*role" (?), n. [F. passe- parole.] (Mil.) An order passed from +front to rear by word of mouth. + +Pass"port (&?;), n. [F. passeport, orig., a permission to leave a port +or to sail into it; passer to pass + port a port, harbor. See Pass, and +Port a harbor.] 1. Permission to pass; a document given by the +competent officer of a state, permitting the person therein named to +pass or travel from place to place, without molestation, by land or by +water. + + Caution in granting passports to Ireland. + + +Clarendon. + +2. A document carried by neutral merchant vessels in time of war, to +certify their nationality and protect them from belligerents; a sea +letter. + +3. A license granted in time of war for the removal of persons and +effects from a hostile country; a safe- conduct. Burrill. + +4. Figuratively: Anything which secures advancement and general +acceptance. Sir P. Sidney. + + His passport is his innocence and grace. + + +Dryden. + +||Pas"sus (?), n.; pl. L. Passus, E. Passuses (&?;). [L., a step, a +||pace. See Pace.] A division or part; a canto; as, the passus of Piers +||Plowman. See 2d Fit. + +Pass"word` (?), n. A word to be given before a person is allowed to +pass; a watchword; a countersign. Macaulay. + +Pas"sy*meas`ure (?), n. [Corrupted fr. It. passamezzo.] [Obs.] See +Paspy. Shak. + +Past (?), a. [From Pass, v.] Of or pertaining to a former time or +state; neither present nor future; gone by; elapsed; ended; spent; as, +past troubles; past offences. "Past ages." Milton. + +Past master. See under Master. + +Past, n. A former time or state; a state of things gone by. "The past, +at least, is secure." D. Webster. + + The present is only intelligible in the light of the past, often a + very remote past indeed. + + +Trench. + +Past, prep. 1. Beyond, in position, or degree; further than; beyond the +reach or influence of. "Who being past feeling." Eph. iv. 19. "Galled +past endurance." Macaulay. + + Until we be past thy borders. + + +Num. xxi. 22. + + Love, when once past government, is consequently past shame. + + +L'Estrange. + +<! p. 1050 !> + +2. Beyond, in time; after; as, past the hour. + + Is it not past two o'clock? + + +Shak. + +3. Above; exceeding; more than. [R.] + + Not past three quarters of a mile. + + +Shak. + + Bows not past three quarters of a yard long. + + +Spenser. + +Past (?), adv. By; beyond; as, he ran past. + + The alarum of drums swept past. + + +Longfellow. + +Paste (?), n. [OF. paste, F. p‚te, L. pasta, fr. Gr. &?; barley broth; +cf. &?; barley porridge, &?; sprinkled with salt, &?; to sprinkle. Cf. +Pasty, n., Patty.] 1. A soft composition, as of flour moistened with +water or milk, or of earth moistened to the consistence of dough, as in +making potter's ware. + +2. Specifically, in cookery, a dough prepared for the crust of pies and +the like; pastry dough. + +3. A kind of cement made of flour and water, starch and water, or the +like, -- used for uniting paper or other substances, as in bookbinding, +etc., -- also used in calico printing as a vehicle for mordant or +color. + +4. A highly refractive vitreous composition, variously colored, used in +making imitations of precious stones or gems. See Strass. + +5. A soft confection made of the inspissated juice of fruit, licorice, +or the like, with sugar, etc. + +6. (Min.) The mineral substance in which other minerals are imbedded. + +Paste eel (Zoˆl.), the vinegar eel. See under Vinegar. + +Paste, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pasted; p. pr. & vb. n. Pasting.] To unite +with paste; to fasten or join by means of paste. + +Paste"board` (?), n. 1. A stiff thick kind of paper board, formed of +several single sheets pasted one upon another, or of paper macerated +and pressed into molds, etc. + +2. (Cookery) A board on which pastry dough is rolled; a molding board. + +Pas"tel (?), n. [F.; cf. It. pastello. Cf. Pastil.] 1. A crayon made of +a paste composed of a color ground with gum water. [Sometimes +incorrectly written pastil.] "Charming heads in pastel." W. Black. + +2. (Bot.) A plant affording a blue dye; the woad (Isatis tinctoria); +also, the dye itself. + +Past"er (?), n. 1. One who pastes; as, a paster in a government +department. + +2. A slip of paper, usually bearing a name, intended to be pasted by +the voter, as a substitute, over another name on a printed ballot. +[Cant, U.S.] + +Pas"tern (?), n. [Of. pasturon, F. p‚turon, fr. OF. pasture a tether, +for beasts while pasturing; prop., a pasturing. See Pasture.] 1. The +part of the foot of the horse, and allied animals, between the fetlock +and the coffin joint. See Illust. of Horse. + +The upper bone, or phalanx, of the foot is called the great pastern +bone; the second, the small pastern bone; and the third, in the hoof, +the coffin bone. + +Pastern joint, the joint in the hoof of the horse, and allied animals, +between the great and small pastern bones. + +2. A shackle for horses while pasturing. Knight. + +3. A patten. [Obs.] Dryden. + +Pas*teur"ism (?), n. [Fr. Pasteur, a French scientist.] 1. A method of +treatment, devised by Pasteur, for preventing certain diseases, as +hydrophobia, by successive inoculations with an attenuated virus of +gradually increasing strength. + +2. Pasteurization. + +Pas*teur`i*za"tion (?), n. A process devised by Pasteur for preventing +or checking fermentation in fluids, such as wines, milk, etc., by +exposure to a temperature of 140∞ F., thus destroying the vitality of +the contained germs or ferments. + +Pas*teur"ize (?), v. t. 1. To subject to pasteurization. + +2. To treat by pasteurism. + +||Pas*tic"ci*o (?), n. [It., fr. pasta. See Paste.] 1. A medley; an +||olio. [R.] H. Swinburne. + +2. (Fine Arts) (a) A work of art imitating directly the work of another +artist, or of more artists than one. (b) A falsified work of art, as a +vase or statue made up of parts of original works, with missing parts +supplied. + +{ Pas"til (?), Pas*tille" (?), } n. [F. pastille, L. pastillusa pastus +food. See Pasture, and cf. Pastel.] 1. (Pharmacy) A small cone or mass +made of paste of gum, benzoin, cinnamon, and other aromatics, -- used +for fumigating or scenting the air of a room. + +2. An aromatic or medicated lozenge; a troche. + +3. See Pastel, a crayon. + +Pas"time` (?), n. [Pass + time: cf. F. passetemps.] That which amuses, +and serves to make time pass agreeably; sport; amusement; diversion. + +Pas"time`, v. i. To sport; to amuse one's self. [R.] + +Pas"tor (?), n. [L., fr. pascere, pastum, to pasture, to feed. Cf. +Pabulum, Pasture, Food.] 1. A shepherd; one who has the care of flocks +and herds. + +2. A guardian; a keeper; specifically (Eccl.), a minister having the +charge of a church and parish. + +3. (Zoˆl.) A species of starling (Pastor roseus), native of the plains +of Western Asia and Eastern Europe. Its head is crested and glossy +greenish black, and its back is rosy. It feeds largely upon locusts. + +Pas"tor*age (?), n. The office, jurisdiction, or duty, of a pastor; +pastorate. + +Pas"tor*al (?), a. [L. pastoralis: cf. F. pastoral. See Pastor.] 1. Of +or pertaining to shepherds; hence, relating to rural life and scenes; +as, a pastoral life. + +2. Relating to the care of souls, or to the pastor of a church; as, +pastoral duties; a pastoral letter. + +Pastoral staff (Eccl.), a staff, usually of the form of a shepherd's +crook, borne as an official emblem by a bishop, abbot, abbess, or other +prelate privileged to carry it. See Crook, and Crosier. -- Pastoral +Theology, that part of theology which treats of the duties of pastors. + +Pas"tor*al (?), n. 1. A poem describing the life and manners of +shepherds; a poem in which the speakers assume the character of +shepherds; an idyl; a bucolic. + + A pastoral is a poem in which any action or passion is represented + by its effects on a country life. + + +Rambler. + +2. (Mus.) A cantata relating to rural life; a composition for +instruments characterized by simplicity and sweetness; a lyrical +composition the subject of which is taken from rural life. Moore +(Encyc. of Music). + +3. (Eccl.) A letter of a pastor to his charge; specifically, a letter +addressed by a bishop to his diocese; also (Prot. Epis. Ch.), a letter +of the House of Bishops, to be read in each parish. + +||Pas`to*ra"le (?), n. [It.] 1. (Mus.) A composition in a soft, rural +||style, generally in 6-8 or 12-8 time. + +2. A kind of dance; a kind of figure used in a dance. + +Pas"tor*al*ly (?), adv. 1. In a pastoral or rural manner. + +2. In the manner of a pastor. + +Pas"tor*ate (?), n. [Cf. F. pastorat. See Pastor.] The office, state, +or jurisdiction of a pastor. + +Pas"tor*less, a. Having no pastor. + +Pas"tor*ling (?), n. An insignificant pastor. [R.] + +Pas"tor*ly, a. Appropriate to a pastor. Milton. + +Pas"tor*ship, n. Pastorate. Bp. Bull. + +Pas"try (?), n.; pl. Pastries (&?;). 1. The place where pastry is made. +[Obs.] Shak. + +2. Articles of food made of paste, or having a crust made of paste, as +pies, tarts, etc. + +Pastry cook, one whose occupation is to make pastry; as, the pastry +cook of a hotel. + +Pas"tur*a*ble (?), a. Fit for pasture. + +Pas"tur*age (?), n. [OF. pasturage, F. p‚turage. See Pasture.] 1. +Grazing ground; grass land used for pasturing; pasture. + +2. Grass growing for feed; grazing. + +3. The business of feeding or grazing cattle. + +Pas"ture (?), n. [OF. pasture, F. p‚ture, L. pastura, fr. pascere, +pastum, to pasture, to feed. See Pastor.] 1. Food; nourishment. [Obs.] + + Toads and frogs his pasture poisonous. + + +Spenser. + +2. Specifically: Grass growing for the food of cattle; the food of +cattle taken by grazing. + +3. Grass land for cattle, horses, etc.; pasturage. + + He maketh me to lie down in green pastures. + + +Ps. xxiii. 2. + + So graze as you find pasture. + + +Shak. + +Pas"ture, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pastured (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pasturing.] +To feed, esp. to feed on growing grass; to supply grass as food for; +as, the farmer pastures fifty oxen; the land will pasture forty cows. + +Pas"ture, v. i. To feed on growing grass; to graze. + +Pas"ture*less, a. Destitute of pasture. Milton. + +Pas"tur*er (?), n. One who pastures; one who takes cattle to graze. See +Agister. + +Pas"ty (?), a. Like paste, as in color, softness, stickness. "A pasty +complexion." G. Eliot. + +Pas"ty, n.; pl. Pasties (#). [OF. pastÈ, F. p‚tÈ. See Paste, and cf. +Patty.] A pie consisting usually of meat wholly surrounded with a crust +made of a sheet of paste, and often baked without a dish; a meat pie. +"If ye pinch me like a pasty." Shak. "Apple pasties." Dickens. + + A large pasty baked in a pewter platter. + + +Sir W. Scott. + +Pat (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Patted (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Patting.] [Cf. +G. patschen, Prov. G. patzen, to strike, tap.] To strike gently with +the fingers or hand; to stroke lightly; to tap; as, to pat a dog. + + Gay pats my shoulder, and you vanish quite. + + +Pope. + +Pat, n. 1. A light, quik blow or stroke with the fingers or hand; a +tap. + +2. A small mass, as of butter, shaped by pats. + + It looked like a tessellated work of pats of butter. + + +Dickens. + +Pat, a. [Cf. pat a light blow, D. te pas convenient, pat, where pas is +fr. F. passer to pass.] Exactly suitable; fit; convenient; timely. "Pat +allusion." Barrow. + +Pat, adv. In a pat manner. + + I foresaw then 't would come in pat hereafter. + + +Sterne. + +||Pa*ta"ca (?), n. [Sp.] The Spanish dollar; -- called also patacoon. +||[Obs.] + +||Pa`tache" (?), n. [F. & Sp. patache, P. patacho.] (Naut.) A tender to +||a fleet, formerly used for conveying men, orders, or treasure. [Spain +||& Portugal] + +Pa`ta*coon" (?), n. [Sp.] See Pataca. + +||Pa*ta"gi*um (?), n.; pl. Patagia (#). [L., an edge or border.] 1. +||(Anat.) In bats, an expansion of the integument uniting the fore limb +||with the body and extending between the elongated fingers to form the +||wing; in birds, the similar fold of integument uniting the fore limb +||with the body. + +2. (Zoˆl.) One of a pair of small vesicular organs situated at the +bases of the anterior wings of lepidopterous insects. See Illust. of +Butterfly. + +Pat`a*go"ni*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to Patagonia. -- n. A native of +Patagonia. + +Pat"a*mar (?), n. [From the native name.] (Naut.) A vessel resembling a +grab, used in the coasting trade of Bombay and Ceylon. [Written also +pattemar.] + +Pa*tas" (?), n. (Zoˆl.) A West African long-tailed monkey +(Cercopithecus ruber); the red monkey. + +Pat`a*vin"i*ty (?), n. [L. patavinitas, fr. Patavium: cf. F. +patavinitÈ] The use of local or provincial words, as in the peculiar +style or diction of Livy, the Roman historian; -- so called from +Patavium, now Padua, the place of Livy's nativity. + +Patch (?), n. [OE. pacche; of uncertain origin, perh. for placche; cf. +Prov. E. platch patch, LG. plakk, plakke.] 1. A piece of cloth, or +other suitable material, sewed or otherwise fixed upon a garment to +repair or strengthen it, esp. upon an old garment to cover a hole. + + Patches set upon a little breach. + + +Shak. + +2. Hence: A small piece of anything used to repair a breach; as, a +patch on a kettle, a roof, etc. + +3. A small piece of black silk stuck on the face, or neck, to hide a +defect, or to heighten beauty. + + Your black patches you wear variously. + + +Beau. & Fl. + +4. (Gun.) A piece of greased cloth or leather used as wrapping for a +rifle ball, to make it fit the bore. + +5. Fig.: Anything regarded as a patch; a small piece of ground; a +tract; a plot; as, scattered patches of trees or growing corn. + + Employed about this patch of ground. + + +Bunyan. + +6. (Mil.) A block on the muzzle of a gun, to do away with the effect of +dispart, in sighting. + +7. A paltry fellow; a rogue; a ninny; a fool. [Obs. or Colloq.] "Thou +scurvy patch." Shak. + +Patch ice, ice in overlapping pieces in the sea. -- Soft patch, a patch +for covering a crack in a metallic vessel, as a steam boiler, +consisting of soft material, as putty, covered and held in place by a +plate bolted or riveted fast. + +Patch (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Patched (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Patching.] +1. To mend by sewing on a piece or pieces of cloth, leather, or the +like; as, to patch a coat. + +2. To mend with pieces; to repair with pieces festened on; to repair +clumsily; as, to patch the roof of a house. + +3. To adorn, as the face, with a patch or patches. + + Ladies who patched both sides of their faces. + + +Spectator. + +4. To make of pieces or patches; to repair as with patches; to arrange +in a hasty or clumsy manner; -- generally with up; as, to patch up a +truce. "If you'll patch a quarrel." Shak. + +Patch"er (?), n. One who patches or botches. Foxe. + +Patch"er*y (?), n. Botchery; covering of defects; bungling; hypocrisy. +[R.] Shak. + +Patch"ing*ly (?), adv. Knavishy; deceitfully. [Obs.] + +{ Pa*tchou"li, Pa*tchou"ly } (?), n. [CF. F. patchouli; prob. of East +Indian origin.] 1. (Bot.) A mintlike plant (Pogostemon Patchouli) of +the East Indies, yielding an essential oil from which a highly valued +perfume is made. + +2. The perfume made from this plant. + +Patchouly camphor (Chem.), a substance homologous with and resembling +borneol, found in patchouly oil. + +Patch"work` (?), n. Work composed of pieces sewed together, esp. pieces +of various colors and figures; hence, anything put together of +incongruous or ill-adapted parts; something irregularly clumsily +composed; a thing putched up. Swift. + +Patch"y (?), a. Full of, or covered with, patches; abounding in +patches. + +||Pa`tÈ" (?), a. (Her.) See PattÈ. + +||Pa`tÈ" (?), n. [F. p‚tÈ.] 1. A pie. See Patty. + +2. (Fort.) A kind of platform with a parapet, usually of an oval form, +and generally erected in marshy grounds to cover a gate of a fortified +place. [R.] + +Pate (?), n. [Cf. LG. & Prov. G. pattkopf, patzkopf, scabby head; patt, +patz, scab + kopf head.] 1. The head of a person; the top, or crown, of +the head. [Now generally used in contempt or ridicule.] + + His mischief shall return upon his own head, and his violent + dealing shall come down upon his own pate. + + +Ps. vii. 16. + + Fat paunches have lean pate. + + +Shak. + +2. The skin of a calf's head. + +Pat"ed (?), a. Having a pate; -- used only in composition; as, +long-pated; shallow- pated. + +Pa*tee" (?), n. See Pattee. + +Pat`e*fac"tion (?), n. [L. patefactio, fr. patefacere to open; patere +to lie open + facere to make.] The act of opening, disclosing, or +manifesting; open declaration. Jer. Taylor. + +||Pat"e*la (?), n. [Hind. patel.] A large flat-bottomed trading boat +||peculiar to the river Ganges; -- called also puteli. + +||Pa*tel"la (?), n.; pl. PatellÊ (#). [L., a small pan, the kneepan, +||dim. of patina, patena, a pan, dish.] 1. A small dish, pan, or vase. + +2. (Anat.) The kneepan; the cap of the knee. + +3. (Zoˆl.) A genus of marine gastropods, including many species of +limpets. The shell has the form of a flattened cone. The common +European limpet (Patella vulgata) is largely used for food. + +4. (Bot.) A kind of apothecium in lichens, which is orbicular, flat, +and sessile, and has a special rim not a part of the thallus. + +Pa*tel"lar (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the patella, or kneepan. + +Pa*tel"li*form (?), a. [Patella + form: cf. F. pattelliforme.] 1. +Having the form of a patella. + +2. (Zoˆl.) Resembling a limpet of the genus Patella. + +||Pa*tel"lu*la (?), n.; pl. PatellulÊ (#). [NL., dim. of L. patella. +||See Patella.] (Zoˆl.) A cuplike sucker on the feet of certain +||insects. + +Pat"en (?), n. [LL. patina, patena, fr. L. patina, patena, a pan; cf. +L. patere to be open, E. patent, and Gr. &?; a kind of flat dish: cf. +F. patËne. Cf. Patina.] 1. A plate. [Obs.] + +2. (Eccl.) The place on which the consecrated bread is placed in the +Eucharist, or on which the host is placed during the Mass. It is +usually small, and formed as to fit the chalice, or cup, as a cover. + +[Written also patin, patine.] + +||Pat"e*na (?), n. [LL.] (Eccl.) A paten. + +||Pa*te"na (?), n. [Cf. Pg. patena a paten.] A grassy expanse in the +||hill region of Ceylon. + +Pa"ten*cy (?), n. [See Patent.] 1. The condition of being open, +enlarged, or spread. + +2. The state of being patent or evident. + +<! p. 1051 !> + +Pat"ent (pt"ent or pt"ent), a. [L. patens, -entis, p. pr. of patere to +be open: cf. F. patent. Cf. Fathom.] 1. (Oftener pronounced pt"ent in +this sense) Open; expanded; evident; apparent; unconcealed; manifest; +public; conspicuous. + + He had received instructions, both patent and secret. + + +Motley. + +2. Open to public perusal; -- said of a document conferring some right +or privilege; as, letters patent. See Letters patent, under 3d Letter. + +3. Appropriated or protected by letters patent; secured by official +authority to the exclusive possession, control, and disposal of some +person or party; patented; as, a patent right; patent medicines. + + Madder . . . in King Charles the First's time, was made a patent + commodity. + + +Mortimer. + +4. (Bot.) Spreading; forming a nearly right angle with the steam or +branch; as, a patent leaf. + +Patent leather, a varnished or lacquered leather, used for boots and +shoes, and in carriage and harness work. -- Patent office, a government +bureau for the examination of inventions and the granting of patents. +-- Patent right. (a) The exclusive right to an invention, and the +control of its manufacture. (b) (Law) The right, granted by the +sovereign, of exclusive control of some business of manufacture, or of +the sale of certain articles, or of certain offices or prerogatives. -- +Patent rolls, the registers, or records, of patents. + +Pat"ent, n. [Cf. F. patente. See Patent, a.] 1. A letter patent, or +letters patent; an official document, issued by a sovereign power, +conferring a right or privilege on some person or party. Specifically: +(a) A writing securing to an invention. (b) A document making a grant +and conveyance of public lands. + + Four other gentlemen of quality remained mentioned in that patent. + + +Fuller. + +In the United States, by the act of 1870, patents for inventions are +issued for seventeen years, without the privilege of renewal except by +act of Congress. + +2. The right or privilege conferred by such a document; hence, +figuratively, a right, privilege, or license of the nature of a patent. + + If you are so fond over her iniquity, give her patent to offend. + + +Shak. + +Pat"ent, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Patented; p. pr. & vb. n. Patenting.] To +grant by patent; to make the subject of a patent; to secure or protect +by patent; as, to patent an invention; to patent public lands. + +Pat"ent*a*ble (?), a. Suitable to be patented; capable of being +patented. + +Pat`ent*ee" (?), n. One to whom a grant is made, or a privilege +secured, by patent. Bacon. + +Pat"ent-ham"mered (?), a. (Stone Cutting) Having a surface dressed by +cutting with a hammer the head of which consists of broad thin chisels +clamped together. + +Pat"ent*ly (?; see Patent, a.), adv. Openly; evidently. + +||Pat"e*ra (?), n.; pl. PaterÊ(&?;). [ L., fr. patere to lie open.] 1. +||A saucerlike vessel of earthenware or metal, used by the Greeks and +||Romans in libations and sacrificies. + +2. (Arch.) A circular ornament, resembling a dish, often worked in +relief on friezes, and the like. + +Pat`e*re"ro (?), n. See Pederero. [Obs.] + +||Pa`ter*fa*mil`i*as (?), n.; pl. Pateresfamilias (#). [L., fr. pater +||father + familias, gen. of familia family.] (Rom. Law) The head of a +||family; in a large sense, the proprietor of an estate; one who is his +||own master. + +Pa*ter"nal (?), a. [L. paternus, fr. pater a father: cf. F. paternel. +See Father.] 1. Of or pertaining to a father; fatherly; showing the +disposition of a father; guiding or instructing as a father; as, +paternal care. "Under paternal rule." Milton. + +2. Received or derived from a father; hereditary; as, a paternal +estate. + + Their small paternal field of corn. + + +Dryden. + +Paternal government (Polit. Science), the assumption by the governing +power of a quasi-fatherly relation to the people, involving strict and +intimate supervision of their business and social concerns, upon the +theory that they are incapable of managing their own afffairs. + +Pa*ter"nal*ism (?), n. (Polit. Science) The theory or practice of +paternal government. See Paternal government, under Paternal. London +Times. + +Pa*ter"nal*ly, adv. In a paternal manner. + +Pa*ter"ni*ty (?), n. [L. paternitas: cf. F. paternitÈ. See Paternal.] +1. The relation of a father to his child; fathership; fatherhood; +family headship; as, the divine paternity. + + The world, while it had scarcity of people, underwent no other + dominion than paternity and eldership. + + +Sir W. Raleigh. + +2. Derivation or descent from a father; male parentage; as, the +paternity of a child. + +3. Origin; authorship. + + The paternity of these novels was . . . disputed. + + +Sir W. Scott. + +Pa"ter*nos`ter (?), n. [L., Our Father.] 1. The Lord's prayer, so +called from the first two words of the Latin version. + +2. (Arch.) A beadlike ornament in moldings. + +3. (Angling) A line with a row of hooks and bead&?;shaped sinkers. + +Paternoster pump, Paternoster wheel, a chain pump; a noria. -- +Paternoster while, the space of time required for repeating a +paternoster. Udall. + +Path (pth), n.; pl. Paths (pz). [As. pÊ, pa; akin to D. pad, G. pfad, +of uncertain origin; cf. Gr. pa`tos, Skr. patha, path. √21.] 1. A +trodden way; a footway. + + The dewy paths of meadows we will tread. + + +Dryden. + +2. A way, course, or track, in which anything moves or has moved; +route; passage; an established way; as, the path of a meteor, of a +caravan, of a storm, of a pestilence. Also used figuratively, of a +course of life or action. + + All the paths of the Lord are mercy and truth. + + +Ps. xxv. 10. + + The paths of glory lead but to the grave. + + +Gray. + +Path (p), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pathed (pd); pr.p. & vb. n. Pathing.] To +make a path in, or on (something), or for (some one). [R.] "Pathing +young Henry's unadvised ways." Drayton. + +Path, v. i. To walk or go. [R.] Shak. + +Path`e*mat"ic (?), a. [Gr. &?;, fr. &?; a suffering, &?;, to suffer.] +Of, pertaining to, or designating, emotion or suffering. [R.] Chalmers. + +Pa*thet"ic (?), a. [L. patheticus, Gr. &?;, fr. &?;, &?;, to suffer: +cf. F. pathÈtique. See Pathos.] 1. Expressing or showing anger; +passionate. [Obs.] + +2. Affecting or moving the tender emotions, esp. pity or grief; full of +pathos; as, a pathetic song or story. "Pathetic action." Macaulay. + + No theory of the passions can teach a man to be pathetic. + + +E. Porter. + +Pathetic muscle (Anat.), the superior oblique muscle of the eye. -- +Pathetic nerve (Anat.), the fourth cranial, or trochlear, nerve, which +supplies the superior oblique, or pathetic, muscle of the eye. -- The +pathetic, a style or manner adapted to arouse the tender emotions. + +Pa*thet"ic*al (?), a. Pathetic. [R.] -- Pa*thet"ic*al*ly, adv. -- +Pa*thet"ic*al*ness, n. + +Path"e*tism (?), n. [Cf. F. pathÈtisme.] See Mesmerism. L. Sunderland. + +Path"find`er (?), n. One who discovers a way or path; one who explores +untraversed regions. + + The cow is the true pathfinder and pathmaker. + + +J. Burroughs. + +Path"ic (?), n. [L. pathicus, Gr. &?;, passive, fr. &?;, &?;, to +suffer] A male who submits to the crime against nature; a catamite. +[R.] B. Jonson. + +Path"ic, a. [Gr. &?;.] Passive; suffering. + +Path"less (?), a. Having no beaten path or way; untrodden; +impenetrable; as, pathless woods. + + Trough the heavens' wide, pathless way. + + +Milton. + +Path"mak`er (?), n. One who, or that which, makes a way or path. + +Path"o*gene (?), n. [See Pathogenic.] (Biol.) One of a class of +virulent microˆrganisms or bacteria found in the tissues and fluids in +infectious diseases, and supposed to be the cause of the disease; a +pathogenic organism; a pathogenic bacterium; -- opposed to zymogene. + +Path`o*gen"e*sis (?), n. (Med.) Pathogeny. + +Path`o*ge*net"ic (?), a. (Med.) Pathogenic. + +Path`o*gen"ic (?), a. [Gr. &?; disease + the root of &?; birth.] (Med. +& Biol.) Of or pertaining to pathogeny; producting disease; as, a +pathogenic organism; a pathogenic bacterium. + +Pa*thog"e*ny (?), n. (Med.) (a) The generation, and method of +development, of disease; as, the pathogeny of yellow fever is +unsettled. (b) That branch of pathology which treats of the generation +and development of disease. + +Pa*thog`no*mon"ic (?), a. [Gr. &?; skilled in judging of diseases; &?; +a disease + &?; skilled: cf. F. pathognomonique. See Gnomic.] (Med.) +Specially or decisively characteristic of a disease; indicating with +certainty a disease; as, a pathognomonic symptom. + + The true pathognomonic sign of love jealousy. + + +Arbuthnot. + +Pa*thog"no*my (?), n. [Gr. &?; passion + &?; a judgment, fr. &?;, &?;, +to know.] Expression of the passions; the science of the signs by which +human passions are indicated. + +{ Path`o*log"ic (?), Path`o*log"ic*al (?), } a. [Gr. &?;: cf. F. +pathologique.] Of or pertaining to pathology. -- Path`o*log"ic*al*ly, +adv. + +Pa*thol"o*gist (?), n. [Cf. F. pathologiste.] One skilled in pathology; +an investigator in pathology; as, the pathologist of a hospital, whose +duty it is to determine the causes of the diseases. + +Pa*thol"o*gy (-j), n.; pl. Pathologies (-jz). [Gr. pa`qos a suffering, +disease + -logy: cf. F. pathologie.] (Med.) The science which treats of +diseases, their nature, causes, progress, symptoms, etc. + +Pathology is general or special, according as it treats of disease or +morbid processes in general, or of particular diseases; it is also +subdivided into internal and external, or medical and surgical +pathology. Its departments are nosology, Êtiology, morbid anatomy, +symptomatology, and therapeutics, which treat respectively of the +classification, causation, organic changes, symptoms, and cure of +diseases. + +Celluar pathology, a theory that gives prominence to the vital action +of cells in the healthy and diseased function of the body. Virchow. + +||Path`o*pú"la (?), n.; pl. -ias (#). [NL., from Gr. &?;; &?; passion + +||&?; to make.] (Rhet.) A speech, or figure of speech, designed to move +||the passion. Smart. + +Pa"thos (?), n. [L., from Gr. pa`qos a suffering, passion, fr. &?;, +&?;, to suffer; cf. &?; toil, L. pati to suffer, E. patient.] That +quality or property of anything which touches the feelings or excites +emotions and passions, esp., that which awakens tender emotions, such +as pity, sorrow, and the like; contagious warmth of feeling, action, or +expression; pathetic quality; as, the pathos of a picture, of a poem, +or of a cry. + + The combination of incident, and the pathos of catastrophe. + + +T. Warton. + +Path"way (?), n. A footpath; a beaten track; any path or course. Also +used figuratively. Shak. + + In the way of righteousness is life; and in the pathway thereof is + no death. + + +Prov. xii. 28. + + We tread the pathway arm in arm. + + +Sir W. Scott. + +Pat"i*ble (?), a. [L. patibilis, fr. pati to suffer.] Sufferable; +tolerable; endurable. [Obs.] Bailey. + +Pa*tib"u*la*ry (?), a. [L. patibulum a gallows: cf. F. patibulaire.] Of +or pertaining to the gallows, or to execution. [R.] Carlyle. + +Pa*tib"u*la`ted, a. Hanged on a gallows. [R.] + +Pa"tience (?), n. [F. patience, fr. L. patientia. See Patient.] 1. The +state or quality of being patient; the power of suffering with +fortitude; uncomplaining endurance of evils or wrongs, as toil, pain, +poverty, insult, oppression, calamity, etc. + + Strenthened with all might, . . . unto all patience and + long-suffering. + + +Col. i. 11. + + I must have patience to endure the load. + + +Shak. + + Who hath learned lowliness From his Lord's cradle, patience from + his cross. + + +Keble. + +2. The act or power of calmly or contentedly waiting for something due +or hoped for; forbearance. + + Have patience with me, and I will pay thee all. + + +Matt. xviii. 29. + +3. Constancy in labor or application; perseverance. + + He learned with patience, and with meekness taught. + + +Harte. + +4. Sufferance; permission. [Obs.] Hooker. + + They stay upon your patience. + + +Shak. + +5. (Bot.) A kind of dock (Rumex Patientia), less common in America than +in Europe; monk's rhubarb. + +6. (Card Playing) Solitaire. + +Syn. -- Patience, Resignation. Patience implies the quietness or +self-possession of one's own spirit under sufferings, provocations, +etc.; resignation implies submission to the will of another. The Stoic +may have patience; the Christian should have both patience and +resignation. + +Pa"tient (?), a. [F., fr. L. patiens, -entis, p. pr. of pati to suffer. +Cf. Pathos, Passion.] 1. Having the quality of enduring; physically +able to suffer or bear. + + Patient of severest toil and hardship. + + +Bp. Fell. + +2. Undergoing pains, trails, or the like, without murmuring or +fretfulness; bearing up with equanimity against trouble; +long-suffering. + +3. Constant in pursuit or exertion; persevering; calmly diligent; as, +patient endeavor. + + Whatever I have done is due to patient thought. + + +Sir I. Newton. + +4. Expectant with calmness, or without discontent; not hasty; not +overeager; composed. + + Not patient to expect the turns of fate. + + +Prior. + +5. Forbearing; long-suffering. + + Be patient toward all men. + + +1 Thess. v. 14. + +Pa"tient, n. 1. ONe who, or that which, is passively affected; a +passive recipient. + + Malice is a passion so impetuous and precipitate that often + involves the agent and the patient. + + +Gov. of Tongue. + +2. A person under medical or surgical treatment; -- correlative to +physician or nurse. + + Like a physician, . . . seeing his patient in a pestilent fever. + + +Sir P. Sidney. + +In patient, a patient who receives lodging and food, as treatment, in a +hospital or an infirmary. -- Out patient, one who receives advice and +medicine, or treatment, from an infirmary. + +Pa"tient, v. t. To compose, to calm. [Obs.] "Patient yourself, madam." +Shak. + +Pa"tient*ly, adv. In a patient manner. Cowper. + +{ Pat"in (?), Pat"ine }, n. A plate. See Paten. "Inlaid with patines of +bright gold." Shak. + +Pat"ina (?), n. [It., fr. L. patina a dish, a pan, a kind of cake. Cf. +Paten.] 1. A dish or plate of metal or earthenware; a patella. + +2. (Fine Arts) The color or incrustation which age gives to works of +art; especially, the green rust which covers ancient bronzes, coins, +and medals. Fairholt. + +||Pa"ti*o (p‰"t*), n. [Sp., a court] (Metal) A paved yard or floor +||where ores are cleaned and sorted, or where ore, salt, mercury, etc., +||are trampled by horses, to effect intermixture and amalgamation. + +The patio process is used to reduce silver ores by amalgamation. + +Pat"ly (?), adv. Fitly; seasonably. Barrow. + +Pat"ness, n. Fitness or appropriateness; striking suitableness; +convenience. + + The description with equal patness may suit both. + + +Barrow. + +Pa`tois" (?), n. [F.] A dialect peculiar to the illiterate classes; a +provincial form of speech. + + The jargon and patois of several provinces. + + +Sir T. Browne. + +Pa*tonce" (?), a. [Cf. F. patte d'once paw of an ounce.] (Her.) Having +the arms growing broader and floriated toward the end; -- said of a +cross. See Illust. 9 of Cross. + +Pa"tri*al (?), a. [L. patria fatherland, country, fr. pater father.] +(Lat. Gram.) Derived from the name of a country, and designating an +inhabitant of the country; gentile; -- said of a noun. -- n. A patrial +noun. Thus Romanus, a Roman, and Troas, a woman of Troy, are patrial +nouns, or patrials. Andrews. + +Pa"tri*arch (?), n. [F. patriarche, L. patriarcha, Gr. &?;, fr. &?; +lineage, especially on the father's side, race; &?; father + &?; a +leader, chief, fr. &?; to lead, rule. See Father, Archaic.] 1. The +father and ruler of a family; one who governs his family or descendants +by paternal right; -- usually applied to heads of families in ancient +history, especially in Biblical and Jewish history to those who lived +before the time of Moses. + +2. (R. C. Ch. & Gr. Ch.) A dignitary superior to the order of +archbishops; as, the patriarch of Constantinople, of Alexandria, or of +Antioch. + +3. A venerable old man; an elder. Also used figuratively. + + The patriarch hoary, the sage of his kith and the hamlet. + + +Longfellow. + + The monarch oak, the partiarch of trees. + + +Dryde. + +Pa`tri*ar"chal (?), a. [Cf. F. patriarcal.] 1. Of or pertaining to a +patriarch or to patriarchs; possessed by, or subject to, patriarchs; +as, patriarchal authority or jurisdiction; a patriarchal see; a +patriarchal church. + +2. Characteristic of a patriarch; venerable. + + About whose patriarchal knee Late the little children clung. + + +Tennyson. + +3. (Ethnol.) Having an organization of society and government in which +the head of the family exercises authority over all its generations. + +Patriarchal cross (Her.), a cross, the shaft of which is intersected by +two transverse beams, the upper one being the smaller. See Illust. (2) +of Cross. -- Patriarchal dispensation, the divine dispensation under +which the patriarchs lived before the law given by Moses. + +<! p. 1052 !> + +Pa`tri*ar"chate (p>amac/`tr*‰r"kt), n. [Cf. F. patriarcat.] 1. The +office, dignity, or jurisdiction of a patriarch. Jer. Taylor. + +2. The residence of an ecclesiastic patriarch. + +3. (Ethnol.) A patriarchal form of government or society. See +Patriarchal, a., 3. + +Pa"tri*arch*dom (?), n. The office or jurisdiction of a patriarch; +patriarchate. [R.] + +Pa`tri*ar"chic (?), a. [L. patriarchicus, Gr. &?;.] Patriarchal. + +Pa"tri*arch*ism (?), n. Government by a patriarch, or the head of a +family. + +Pa"tri*arch*ship, n. A patriarchate. Ayliffe. + +Pa"tri*arch`y (?), n. [Gr. &?;.] 1. The jurisdiction of a patriarch; +patriarchship. Brerewood. + +2. Government by a patriarch; patriarchism. + +Pa*tri"cian (?), a. [L. patricius, fr. patres fathers or senators, pl. +of pater: cf. F. patricien. See Paternal.] 1. (Rom. Antiq.) Of or +pertaining to the Roman patres (fathers) or senators, or patricians. + +2. Of, pertaining to, or appropriate to, a person of high birth; noble; +not plebeian. + + Born in the patrician file of society. + + +Sir W. Scott. + + His horse's hoofs wet with patrician blood. + + +Addison. + +Pa*tri"cian, n. [L. patricius: cf. F. patricien.] 1. (Rom. Antiq.) +Originally, a member of any of the families constituting the populus +Romanus, or body of Roman citizens, before the development of the +plebeian order; later, one who, by right of birth or by special +privilege conferred, belonged to the nobility. + +2. A person of high birth; a nobleman. + +3. One familiar with the works of the Christian Fathers; one versed in +patristic lore. [R.] Colridge. + +Pa*tri"cian*ism (?), n. The rank or character of patricians. + +Pa*tri"ci*ate (?), n. The patrician class; the aristocracy; also, the +office of patriarch. Milman. + +Pat*ri"ci`dal (?), a. Of or pertaining to patricide; parricidal. + +Pat*ri"cide (?), n. [L. pater father + caedere to kill. Cf. Parricide.] +1. The murderer of his father. + +2. The crime of one who murders his father. Same as Parricide. + +Pat`ri*mo"ni*al (?), a. [L. patrimonialis: cf. F. patrimonial.] Of or +pertaining to a patrimony; inherited from ancestors; as, a patrimonial +estate. + +Pat`ri*mo"ni*al*ly, adv. By inheritance. + +Pat"ri*mo*ny (?), n.; pl. Patrimonies (#). [L. patrimonium, fr. pater +father: cf. F. patrimoine. See Paternal.] 1. A right or estate +inherited from one's father; or, in a larger sense, from any ancestor. +"'Reave the orphan of his patrimony." Shak. + +2. Formerly, a church estate or endowment. Shipley. + +Pa"tri*ot (?), n. [F. patriote; cf. Sp. patriota, It. patriotto; all +fr. Gr. &?; a fellow-countryman, fr. &?; established by forefathers, +fr. &?; father. See Father.] One who loves his country, and zealously +supports its authority and interests. Bp. Hall. + + Such tears as patriots shaed for dying laws. + + +Pope. + +Pa"tri*ot, a. Becoming to a patriot; patriotic. + +Pa`tri*ot"ic (?), a. [Cf. F. patriotique, Gr. &?; belonging to a +fellow-countryman.] Inspired by patriotism; actuated by love of one's +country; zealously and unselfishly devoted to the service of one's +country; as, a patriotic statesman, vigilance. + +Pa`tri*ot"ic*al (?), a. Patriotic; that pertains to a patriot. -- +Pa`tri*ot"ic*al*ly, adv. + +Pa"tri*ot*ism (?), n. [Cf. F. patriotisme.] Love of country; devotion +to the welfare of one's country; the virtues and actions of a patriot; +the passion which inspires one to serve one's country. Berkley. + +Pa`tri*pas"sian (?), n. [LL. Patripassiani, pl.; L. pater father + +pati, passus, to suffer: cf. F. patripassiens.] (Eccl. Hist.) One of a +body of believers in the early church who denied the independent +preÎxistent personality of Christ, and who, accordingly, held that the +Father suffered in the Son; a monarchian. -- Pa`tri*pas"sian*ism (#), +n. + +Pa"trist (?), n. One versed in patristics. + +{ Pa*tris"tic (?), Pa*tris"tic*al (?), } a. [F. patristique. See +Paternal.] Of or pertaining to the Fathers of the Christian church. + + The voluminous editor of Jerome anf of tons of patristic theology. + + +I. Taylor. + +Pa*tris"tics (?), n. That departnent of historical theology which +treats of the lives and doctrines of the Fathers of the church. + +Pa"tri*zate (?), v. i. [L. patrissare, patrizare;cf. Gr. &?;.] To +imitate one's father. [R.] + +Pa*troc"i*nate (?), v. t. [L. patrocinatus, p. p. of patrocinari to +patronize, fr. patronus patron.] To support; to patronize. [Obs.] +Urquhart. + +Pa*troc`i*na"tion (?), n. The act of patrocinating or patronizing. +[Obs.] "Patrocinations of treason." Bp. Hall. + +Pa*troc"i*ny (?), n. [L. patrocinium.] [Obs.] See Patrocination. + +Pa*trol" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Patrolled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Patrolling.] [F. patrouiller, O. & Prov. F. patrouiller to paddle, paw +about, patrol, fr. patte a paw; cf. D. poot paw, G. pfote, and E. pat, +v.] To go the rounds along a chain of sentinels; to traverse a police +district or beat. + +Pa*trol" (?), v.t To go the rounds of, as a sentry, guard, or +policeman; as, to patrol a frontier; to patrol a beat. + +Pa*trol", n. [F. patrouille, OF. patouille. See Patrol, v. i.] 1. +(Mil.) (a) A going of the rounds along the chain of sentinels and +between the posts, by a guard, usually consisting of three or four men, +to insure greater security from attacks on the outposts. (b) A +movement, by a small body of troops beyond the line of outposts, to +explore the country and gain intelligence of the enemy's whereabouts. +(c) The guard or men who go the rounds for observation; a detachment +whose duty it is to patrol. + +2. Any perambulation of a particular line or district to guard it; +also, the men thus guarding; as, a customs patrol; a fire patrol. + + In France there is an army of patrols to secure her fiscal + regulations. + + +A. Hamilton. + +Pa*trole" (?), n. & v. See Patrol, n. & v. + +Pa*trol"man (?), n.; pl. Patrolmen (&?;). One who patrols; a watchman; +especially, a policeman who patrols a particular precinct of a town or +city. + +Pa"tron (?), n. [F., fr. L. patronus, fr. pater a father. See Paternal, +and cf. Patroon, Padrone, Pattern.] 1. One who protects, supports, or +countenances; a defender. "Patron of my life and liberty." Shak. "The +patron of true holiness." Spenser. + +2. (Rom. Antiq.) (a) A master who had freed his slave, but still +retained some paternal rights over him. (b) A man of distinction under +whose protection another person placed himself. (c) An advocate or +pleader. + + Let him who works the client wrong Beware the patron's ire. + + +Macaulay. + +3. One who encourages or helps a person, a cause, or a work; a +furtherer; a promoter; as, a patron of art. + +4. (Eccl. Law) One who has gift and disposition of a benefice. [Eng.] + +5. A guardian saint. -- called also patron saint. + +6. (Naut.) See Padrone, 2. + +Patrons of Husbandry, the grangers. See Granger, 2. + +Pa"tron, v. t. To be a patron of; to patronize; to favor. [Obs.] Sir T. +Browne. + +Pa"tron, a. Doing the duty of a patron; giving aid or protection; +tutelary. Dryden. + +Patron saint (R. C. Ch.), a saint regarded as the peculiar protector of +a country, community, church, profession, etc., or of an individual. + +Pa"tron*age (?), n. [F. patronage. Cf. LL. patronaticum, and L. +patronatus.] 1. Special countenance or support; favor, encouragement, +or aid, afforded to a person or a work; as, the patronage of letters; +patronage given to an author. + +2. Business custom. [Commercial Cant] + +3. Guardianship, as of a saint; tutelary care. Addison. + +4. The right of nomination to political office; also, the offices, +contracts, honors, etc., which a public officer may bestow by favor. + +5. (Eng. Law) The right of presentation to church or ecclesiastical +benefice; advowson. Blackstone. + +Pa"tron*age, v. t. To act as a patron of; to maintain; to defend. +[Obs.] Shak. + +Pa"tron*al (?), a. [L. patronalis; cf. F. patronal.] Patron; +protecting; favoring. [R.] Sir T. Browne. + +Pa"tron*ate (?), n. [L. patronatus.] The right or duty of a patron; +patronage. [R.] Westm. Rev. + +Pa"tron*ess (?), n. [Cf. F. patronnesse.] A female patron or helper. +Spenser. + + Night, best patroness of grief. + + +Milton. + +Pa`tron*i*za"tion (?), n. The act of patronizing; patronage; support. +[R.] + +Pa"tron*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Patronized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Patronizing (?).] 1. To act as patron toward; to support; to +countenance; to favor; to aid. + + The idea has been patronized by two States only. + + +A. Hamilton. + +2. To trade with customarily; to frequent as a customer. [Commercial +Cant] + +3. To assume the air of a patron, or of a superior and protector, +toward; -- used in an unfavorable sense; as, to patronize one's equals. + +Pa"tron*i`zer (?), n. One who patronizes. + +Pa"tron*i`zing (?), a. Showing condescending favor; assuming the manner +of airs of a superior toward another. -- Pat"ron*i`zing*ly, adv. +Thackeray. + +Pa"tron*less (?), a. Destitute of a patron. + +Pa`tro*nom`a*yol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. &?;, &?;, a father + E. +onomatology.] That branch of knowledge which deals with personal names +and their origin; the study of patronymics. + +Pa`tro*nym"ic (?), a. [L. patronymicus, Gr. &?;; &?; father + &?; name: +cf. F. patronymique.] Derived from ancestors; as, a patronymic +denomination. + +Pa`tro*nym"ic, n. [Gr. &?;.] A modification of the father's name borne +by the son; a name derived from that of a parent or ancestor; as, +Pelides, the son of Peleus; Johnson, the son of John; Macdonald, the +son of Donald; Paulowitz, the son of Paul; also, the surname of a +family; the family name. M. A. Lower. + +Pa`tro*nym"ic*al (?), a. Same as Patronymic. + +Pa*troon" (?), n. [D. patroon a patron, a protector. See Patron.] One +of the proprietors of certain tracts of land with manorial privileges +and right of entail, under the old Dutch governments of New York and +New Jersey. + +Pa*troon"ship, n. The office of a patroon. Irving. + +{ ||Pat`tÈ" (?), Pat*tee" (?), } a. [F. pattÈ, fem. pattÈe, fr. patte +paw, foot. Cf. Patten.] (Her.) Narrow at the inner, and very broad at +the other, end, or having its arms of that shape; -- said of a cross. +See Illust. (8) of Cross. [Written also patÈ, patee.] + +Pat"te*mar (?), n. See Patamar. + +Pat"ten (?), n. [F. patin a high- heeled shoe, fr. patte paw, foot. Cf. +Panton, PattÈ.] 1. A clog or sole of wood, usually supported by an iron +ring, worn to raise the feet from the wet or the mud. + + The patten now supports each frugal dame. + + +Gay. + +2. A stilt. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell. + +Pat"ten*ed (?), a. Wearing pattens. "Some pattened girl." Jane Austen. + +Pat"ter (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Pattered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Pattering.] [Freq. of pat to strike gently.] 1. To strike with a quick +succession of slight, sharp sounds; as, pattering rain or hail; +pattering feet. + + The stealing shower is scarce to patter heard. + + +Thomson. + +2. To mutter; to mumble; as, to patter with the lips. Tyndale. [In this +sense, and in the following, perh. from paternoster.] + +3. To talk glibly; to chatter; to harangue. [Colloq.] + + I've gone out and pattered to get money. + + +Mayhew. + +Pat"ter, v. t. 1. To spatter; to sprinkle. [R.] "And patter the water +about the boat." J. R. Drake. + +2. [See Patter, v. i., 2.] To mutter; as prayers. + + [The hooded clouds] patter their doleful prayers. + + +Longfellow. + +To patter flash, to talk in thieves' cant. [Slang] + +Pat"ter, n. 1. A quick succession of slight sounds; as, the patter of +rain; the patter of little feet. + +2. Glib and rapid speech; a voluble harangue. + +3. The cant of a class; patois; as, thieves's patter; gypsies' patter. + +Pat"ter*er (?), n. One who patters, or talks glibly; specifically, a +street peddler. [Cant, Eng.] + +Pat"tern (?), n. [OE. patron, F. patron, a patron, also, a pattern. See +Patron.] 1. Anything proposed for imitation; an archetype; an exemplar; +that which is to be, or is worthy to be, copied or imitated; as, a +pattern of a machine. + + I will be the pattern of all patience. + + +Shak. + +2. A part showing the figure or quality of the whole; a specimen; a +sample; an example; an instance. + + He compares the pattern with the whole piece. + + +Swift. + +3. Stuff sufficient for a garment; as, a dress pattern. + +4. Figure or style of decoration; design; as, wall paper of a beautiful +pattern. + +5. Something made after a model; a copy. Shak. + + The patterns of things in the heavens. + + +Heb. ix. 23. + +6. Anything cut or formed to serve as a guide to cutting or forming +objects; as, a dressmaker's pattern. + +7. (Founding) A full-sized model around which a mold of sand is made, +to receive the melted metal. It is usually made of wood and in several +parts, so as to be removed from the mold without injuring it. + +Pattern box, chain, or cylinder (Figure Weaving), devices, in a loom, +for presenting several shuttles to the picker in the proper succession +for forming the figure. -- Pattern card. (a) A set of samples on a +card. (b) (Weaving) One of the perforated cards in a Jacquard +apparatus. -- Pattern reader, one who arranges textile patterns. -- +Pattern wheel (Horology), a count- wheel. + +Pat"tern, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Patterned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Patterning.] 1. To make or design (anything) by, from, or after, +something that serves as a pattern; to copy; to model; to imitate. +Milton. + + [A temple] patterned from that which Adam reared in Paradise. + + +Sir T. Herbert. + +2. To serve as an example for; also, to parallel. + +To pattern after, to imitate; to follow. + +Pat"ty (?), n.; pl. Patties (#). [F. p‚tÈ. See Pasty.] A little pie. + +Pat"ty*pan` (?), n. 1. A pan for baking patties. + +2. A patty. [Obs.] + +Pat"u*lous (?), a. [L. patulus, fr. patere to be open, extend.] Open; +expanded; slightly spreading; having the parts loose or dispersed; as, +a patulous calyx; a patulous cluster of flowers. + + The eyes are large and patulous. + + +Sir J. Hill. + +||Pau (?), n. See Pah. + +Pau*cil"o*quent (?), a. Uttering few words; brief in speech. [R.] + +Pau*cil"o*quy (?), n. [L. pauciloquium; paucus little + loqui to +speak.] Brevity in speech. [R.] + +Pau`ci*spi"ral (?), a. [L. paucus few + E. spiral.] (Zoˆl.) Having few +spirals, or whorls; as, a paucispiral operculum or shell. + +Pau"ci*ty (?), n. [L. paucitas, fr. paucus few, little: cf. F. paucitÈ +See Few.] 1. Fewness; smallness of number; scarcity. Hooker. + + Revelation denies it by the stern reserve, the paucity, and the + incompleteness, of its communications. + + +I. Taylor. + +2. Smallnes of quantity; exiguity; insufficiency; as, paucity of blood. +Sir T. Browne. + +{ Pau"gie, Pau"gy } (?), n.; pl. Paugies (#). [Corrupted from Amer. +Indian mishcuppauog. See Scup.] (Zoˆl.) The scup. See Porgy, and Scup. + +Pau*hau"gen (?), n. [North Amer. Indian.] (Zoˆl.) The menhaden; -- +called also poghaden. + +Paul (?), n. See Pawl. + +Paul, n. An Italian silver coin. See Paolo. + +Paul"dron (?), n. [See Powldron.] (Mil. Antiq.) A piece of armor +covering the shoulder at the junction of the body piece and arm piece. + +{ Pau"li*an (?), Pau"li*an*ist (?), } n. (Eccl. Hist.) A follower of +Paul of Samosata, a bishop of Antioch in the third century, who was +deposed for denying the divinity of Christ. + +Pau"li*cian (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] (Eccl. Hist.) One of a sect of +Christian dualists originating in Armenia in the seventh century. They +rejected the Old Testament and the part of the New. + +<! p. 1053 !> + +Pau"lin (?), n. (Naut.) See Tarpaulin. + +Pau"line (?), a. [L. Paulinus, fr. Paulus Paul.] Of or pertaining to +the apostle Paul, or his writings; resembling, or conforming to, the +writings of Paul; as, the Pauline epistles; Pauline doctrine. + + My religion had always been Pauline. + + +J. H. Newman. + +Paul"ist (?), n. (R. C. Ch.) A member of The Institute of the +Missionary Priests of St. Paul the Apostle, founded in 1858 by the Rev. +I. T. Hecker of New York. The majority of the members were formerly +Protestants. + +||Pau*low"ni*a (?), n. [NL. So named from the Russian princess Anna +||Pavlovna.] (Bot.) A genus of trees of the order ScrophulariaceÊ, +||consisting of one species, Paulownia imperialis. + +The tree is native to Japan, and has immense heart-shaped leaves, and +large purplish flowers in panicles. The capsules contain many little +winged seeds, which are beautiful microscopic objects. The tree is +hardy in America as far north as Connecticut. + +Paum (?), v. t. & i. [See Palm to cheat.] To palm off by fraud; to +cheat at cards. [Obs.] Swift. + +Paunce (?), n. [See Pansy.] (Bot.) The pansy. "The pretty paunce." +Spenser. + +Paunch (?), n. [OF. panch, pance, F. panse, L. pantex, panticis.] 1. +(Anat.) The belly and its contents; the abdomen; also, the first +stomach, or rumen, of ruminants. See Rumen. + +2. (Naut.) A paunch mat; -- called also panch. + +3. The thickened rim of a bell, struck by the clapper. + +Paunch mat (Naut.), a thick mat made of strands of rope, used to +prevent the yard or rigging from chafing. + +Paunch, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Paunched (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Paunching.] +1. To pierce or rip the belly of; to eviscerate; to disembowel. Shak. + +2. To stuff with food. [Obs.] Udall. + +Paunch"y (?), a. Pot-bellied. [R.] Dickens. + +Paune (?), n. A kind of bread. See Pone. + +Pau"per (?), n. [L. See Poor.] A poor person; especially, one +development on private or public charity. Also used adjectively; as, +pouper immigrants, pouper labor. + +Pau"per*ism (?), n. [Cf. F. paupÈrisme.] The state of being a pauper; +the state of indigent persons requiring support from the community. +Whatly. + +Syn. -- Poverty; indigence; penury; want; need; destitution. See +Poverty. + +Pau`per*i*za"tion (?), n. The act or process of reducing to pauperism. +C. Kingsley. + +Pau"per*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pauperized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Pauperizing (?).] To reduce to pauperism; as, to pauperize the +peasantry. + +||Pau*rop"o*da (?), n. pl. [NL., from Gr. &?; small + -poda.] (Zoˆl.) +||An order of small myriapods having only nine pairs of legs and +||destitute of tracheÊ. + +Pause (?), n. [F., fr. L. pausa. See Pose.] 1. A temporary stop or +rest; an intermission of action; interruption; suspension; cessation. + +2. Temporary inaction or waiting; hesitation; suspence; doubt. + + I stand in pause where I shall first begin. + + +Shak. + +3. In speaking or reading aloud, a brief arrest or suspension of voice, +to indicate the limits and relations of sentences and their parts. + +4. In writing and printing, a mark indicating the place and nature of +an arrest of voice in reading; a punctuation point; as, teach the pupil +to mind the pauses. + +5. A break or paragraph in writing. + + He writes with warmth, which usually neglects method, and those + partitions and pauses which men educated in schools observe. + + +Locke. + +6. (Mus.) A hold. See 4th Hold, 7. + +Syn. -- Stop; cessation; suspension. + +Pause, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Paused (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pausing.] [Cf. +F. pauser, L. pausare. See Pause, n., Pose.] 1. To make a short stop; +to cease for a time; to intermit speaking or acting; to stop; to wait; +to rest. "Tarry, pause a day or two." Shak. + + Pausing while, thus to herself she mused. + + +Milton. + +2. To be intermitted; to cease; as, the music pauses. + +3. To hesitate; to hold back; to delay. [R.] + + Why doth the Jew pause? Take thy forfeiture. + + +Shak. + +4. To stop in order to consider; hence, to consider; to reflect. [R.] +"Take time to pause." Shak. + +To pause upon, to deliberate concerning. Shak. + +Syn. -- To intermit; stop; stay; wait; delay; tarry; hesitate; demur. + +Pause, v. t. To cause to stop or rest; -- used reflexively. [R.] Shak. + +Paus"er (?), n. One who pauses. Shak. + +Paus"ing*ly, adv. With pauses; haltingly. Shak. + +||Paux"i (?), n. [From the native name: cf. Sp. pauji.] (Zoˆl.) A +||curassow (Ourax pauxi), which, in South America, is often +||domesticated. + +Pav"age (?), n. [Cf. F. pavage.] See Pavage. [R.] + +Pav"an (?), n. [F. pavane; cf. It. & Sp. pavana, and Sp. pavon, pavo, a +peacock, L. pavo.] A stately and formal Spanish dance for which full +state costume is worn; -- so called from the resemblance of its +movements to those of the peacock. [Written also pavane, paven, pavian, +and pavin.] + +||Pa`vÈ" (?), n. [F., from paver to pave. See Pave.] The pavement. + +||Nymphe du pavÈ (&?;), a prostitute who solicits in the street. [A low +||euphemism.] + +Pave (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Paved (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Paving.] [F. +paver to pave, LL. pavare, from L. pavire to beat, ram, or tread down; +cf. Gr. &?; to beat, strike.] 1. To lay or cover with stone, brick, or +other material, so as to make a firm, level, or convenient surface for +horses, carriages, or persons on foot, to travel on; to floor with +brick, stone, or other solid material; as, to pave a street; to pave a +court. + + With silver paved, and all divine with gold. + + +Dryden. + + To pave thy realm, and smooth the broken ways. + + +Gay. + +2. Fig.: To make smooth, easy, and safe; to prepare, as a path or way; +as, to pave the way to promotion; to pave the way for an enterprise. + + It might open and pave a prepared way to his own title. + + +Bacon. + +Pave"ment (?), n. [F., fr. LL. pavamentum, L. pavimentum. See Pave.] +That with which anythingis paved; a floor or covering of solid +material, laid so as to make a hard and convenient surface for travel; +a paved road or sidewalk; a decorative interior floor of tiles or +colored bricks. + + The riches of heaven's pavement, trodden gold. + + +Milton. + +Pavement teeth (Zoˆl.), flattened teeth which in certain fishes, as the +skates and cestracionts, are arranged side by side, like tiles in a +pavement. + +Pave"ment, v. t. To furnish with a pavement; to pave. [Obs.] "How +richly pavemented!" Bp. Hall. + +Pav"en (?), n. See Pavan. + +Pav"er (?), n. One who paves; one who lays a pavement. [Written also +pavier and pavior.] + +Pav`e*sade" (?), n. [F. See Pavise.] A canvas screen, formerly +sometimes extended along the side of a vessel in a naval engagement, to +conceal from the enemy the operations on board. + +{ Pa*vese" (?), Pa*vesse" (?) }, n. Pavise. [Obs.] + +Pa"vi*age (?), n. (Law) A contribution or a tax for paving streets or +highways. Bouvier. + +Pav"i*an (?), n. See Pavan. + +Pav"id (?), a. [L. pavidus, from pavere to be afraid.] Timid; fearful. +[R.] Thackeray. + +Pa*vid"i*ty (?), n. Timidity. [R.] + +Pav"ier (?), n. A paver. + +Pa"vi*in (p"v*n), n. (Chem.) A glucoside found in species of the genus +Pavia of the Horse-chestnut family. + +Pa*vil"ion (?), n. [F. pavillon, fr. L. pavilio a butterfly, also, a +tent, because spread out like a butterfly's wings.] 1. A temporary +movable habitation; a large tent; a marquee; esp., a tent raised on +posts. "[The] Greeks do pitch their brave pavilions." Shak. + +2. (Arch.) A single body or mass of building, contained within simple +walls and a single roof, whether insulated, as in the park or garden of +a larger edifice, or united with other parts, and forming an angle or +central feature of a large pile. + +3. (Mil.) A flag, colors, ensign, or banner. + +4. (Her.) Same as Tent (Her.) + +5. That part of a brilliant which lies between the girdle and collet. +See Illust. of Brilliant. + +6. (Anat.) The auricle of the ear; also, the fimbriated extremity of +the Fallopian tube. + +7. A covering; a canopy; figuratively, the sky. + + The pavilion of heaven is bare. + + +Shelley. + +Pa*vil"ion, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pavilioned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Pavilioning.] To furnish or cover with, or shelter in, a tent or tents. + + The field pavilioned with his guardians bright. + + +Milton. + +Pav"in (?), n. See Pavan. + +Pav"ing (?), n. 1. The act or process of laying a pavement, or covering +some place with a pavement. + +2. A pavement. + +Pav"ior (?), n. 1. One who paves; a paver. + +2. A rammer for driving paving stones. + +3. A brick or slab used for paving. + +Pa*vise (?), n. [OF. pavaix, F. pavois; cf. It. pavese, LL. pavense; +perh. named from Pavia in Italy.] (Mil. Antiq.) A large shield covering +the whole body, carried by a pavisor, who sometimes screened also an +archer with it. [Written also pavais, pavese, and pavesse.] Fairholt. + +Pa*vis"or (?), n. (Mil. Antiq.) A soldier who carried a pavise. + +||Pa"vo (?), n. [L., a peacock. See Peacock.] 1. (Zoˆl.) A genus of +||birds, including the peacocks. + +2. (Astron.) The Peacock, a constellation of the southern hemisphere. + +Pa"von (?), n. A small triangular flag, esp. one attached to a knight's +lance; a pennon. + +Pa*vone" (?), n. [Cf. It. pavone, Sp. pavon, fr. L. pavo.] (Zoˆl.) A +peacock. [Obs.] Spenser. + +Pa*vo"ni*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to a peacock. [R.] Southey. + +Pav"o*nine (?), a. [L. pavoninus, fr. pavo a peacock. See Peacock.] 1. +(Zoˆl.) Like, or pertaining to, the genus Pavo. + +2. Characteristic of a peacock; resembling the tail of a peacock, as in +colors; iridescent. P. Cleaveland. + +Paw (p), n. [OE. pawe, poue, OF. poe: cf. patte, LG. pote, D. poot, G. +pfote.] 1. The foot of a quadruped having claws, as the lion, dog, cat, +etc. + +2. The hand. [Jocose] Dryden. + +Paw clam (Zoˆl.), the tridacna; - - so called because shaped like an +animal's paw. + +Paw, v. i. To draw the forefoot along the ground; to beat or scrape +with the forefoot. Job xxxix. 21. + +Paw, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pawed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pawing.] 1. To pass +the paw over; to stroke or handle with the paws; hence, to handle +fondly or rudely. + +2. To scrape or beat with the forefoot. + + His hot courser pawed the Hungarian plane. + + +Tickell. + +Pawk (?), n. (Zoˆl.) A small lobster. Travis. + +Paw"ky (?), a. [Cf. AS. pÊcean to deceive.] Arch; cunning; sly. [Scot.] +Jamieson. + +Pawl (?), n. [W. pawl a pole, a stake. Cf. Pole a stake.] (Mach.) A +pivoted tongue, or sliding bolt, on one part of a machine, adapted to +fall into notches, or interdental spaces, on another part, as a ratchet +wheel, in such a manner as to permit motion in one direction and +prevent it in the reverse, as in a windlass; a catch, click, or detent. +See Illust. of Ratchet Wheel. [Written also paul, or pall.] + +Pawl bitt (Naut.), a heavy timber, set abaft the windlass, to receive +the strain of the pawls. -- Pawl rim or ring (Naut.), a stationary +metallic ring surrounding the base of a capstan, having notches for the +pawls to catch in. + +Pawl, v. t. To stop with a pawl; to drop the pawls off. + +To pawl the capstan. See under Capstan. + +Pawn (?), n. See Pan, the masticatory. + +Pawn, n. [OE. paune, poun, OF. peon, poon, F. pion, LL. pedo a foot +soldier, fr. L. pes, pedis, foot. See Foot, and cf. Pioneer, Peon.] +(Chess) A man or piece of the lowest rank. + +Pawn, n. [OF. pan pledge, assurance, skirt, piece, F. pan skirt, +lappet, piece, from L. pannus. See Pane.] 1. Anything delivered or +deposited as security, as for the payment of money borrowed, or of a +debt; a pledge. See Pledge, n., 1. + + As for mortgaging or pawning, . . . men will not take pawns without + use [i. e., interest]. + + +Bacon. + +2. State of being pledged; a pledge for the fulfillment of a promise. +[R.] + + Redeem from broking pawn the blemish'd crown. + + +Shak. + + As the morning dew is a pawn of the evening fatness. + + +Donne. + +3. A stake hazarded in a wager. [Poetic] + + My life I never held but as a pawn To wage against thy enemies. + + +Shak. + +In pawn, At pawn, in the state of being pledged. "Sweet wife, my honor +is at pawn." Shak. -- Pawn ticket, a receipt given by the pawnbroker +for an article pledged. + +Pawn, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pawned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pawning.] 1. To +give or deposit in pledge, or as security for the payment of money +borrowed; to put in pawn; to pledge; as, to pawn one's watch. + + And pawned the last remaining piece of plate. + + +Dryden. + +2. To pledge for the fulfillment of a promise; to stake; to risk; to +wager; to hazard. + + Pawning his honor to obtain his lust. + + +Shak. + +Pawna*ble (?), a. Capable of being pawned. + +Pawn"bro`ker (?), n. One who makes a business of lending money on the +security of personal property pledged or deposited in his keeping. + +Pawn"bro`king, n. The business of a pawnbroker. + +Pawn*ee" (?), n. (Law) One or two whom a pledge is delivered as +security; one who takes anything in pawn. + +Paw`nees" (?), n. pl.; sing. Pawnee (&?;). (Ethnol.) A tribe of Indians +(called also Loups) who formerly occupied the region of the Platte +river, but now live mostly in the Indian Territory. The term is often +used in a wider sense to include also the related tribes of Rickarees +and Wichitas. Called also Pani. + +{ Pawn"er (?), Pawn*or" (?), } n. (Law) One who pawns or pledges +anything as security for the payment of borrowed money or of a debt. + +Paw`paw" (?), n. (Bot.) See Papaw. + +Pax (?), n. [L. pax peace. See Peace.] 1. (Eccl.) The kiss of peace; +also, the embrace in the sanctuary now substituted for it at High Mass +in Roman Catholic churches. + +2. (R. C. Ch.) A tablet or board, on which is a representation of +Christ, of the Virgin Mary, or of some saint and which, in the Mass, +was kissed by the priest and then by the people, in mediÊval times; an +osculatory. It is still used in communities, confraternities, etc. + + Kiss the pax, and be quiet like your neighbors. + + +Chapman. + +Pax"il*lose` (?), a. [L. paxillus a small stake.] (Geol.) Resembling a +little stake. + +||Pax*il"lus (?), n.; pl. Paxilli (#). [L., a peg.] (Zoˆl.) One of a +||peculiar kind of spines covering the surface of certain starfishes. +||They are pillarlike, with a flattened summit which is covered with +||minute spinules or granules. See Illustration in Appendix. + +Pax"wax` (?), n. [For faxvax, fr. AS. fea&?; hair (akin to OHG. fahs) + +weaxan to grow. See Wax to grow, and cf. Faxed, Pectinate.] (Anat.) The +strong ligament of the back of the neck in quadrupeds. It connects the +back of the skull with dorsal spines of the cervical vertebrÊ, and +helps to support the head. Called also paxywaxy and packwax. + +Pax"y*wax`y (?), n. (Anat.) See Paxwax. + +Pay (?), v. t. [OF. peier, fr. L. picare to pitch, i&?; pitch: cf. OF. +peiz pitch, F. poix. See Pitch a black substance.] (Naut.) To cover, as +bottom of a vessel, a seam, a spar, etc., with tar or pitch, or +waterproof composition of tallow, resin, etc.; to smear. + +Pay, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Paid (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Paying.] [OE. paien, +F. payer, fr. L. pacare to pacify, appease, fr. pax, pacis, peace. See +Peace.] 1. To satisfy, or content; specifically, to satisfy (another +person) for service rendered, property delivered, etc.; to discharge +one's obligation to; to make due return to; to compensate; to +remunerate; to recompense; to requite; as, to pay workmen or servants. + + May no penny ale them pay [i. e., satisfy]. + + +P. Plowman. + + [She] pays me with disdain. + + +Dryden. + +2. Hence, figuratively: To compensate justly; to requite according to +merit; to reward; to punish; to retort or retaliate upon. + + For which, or pay me quickly, or I'll pay you. + + +B. Jonson. + +3. To discharge, as a debt, demand, or obligation, by giving or doing +what is due or required; to deliver the amount or value of to the +person to whom it is owing; to discharge a debt by delivering (money +owed). "Pay me that thou owest." Matt. xviii. 28. + + Have patience with me, and I will pay thee all. + + +Matt. xviii. 26. + + If they pay this tax, they starve. + + +Tennyson. + +4. To discharge or fulfill, as a duy; to perform or render duty, as +that which has been promised. + + This day have I paid my vows. + + +Prov. vii. 14. + +5. To give or offer, without an implied obligation; as, to pay +attention; to pay a visit. + + Not paying me a welcome. + + +Shak. + +To pay off. (a) To make compensation to and discharge; as, to pay off +the crew of a ship. (b) To allow (a thread, cord, etc.) to run off; to +unwind. -- To pay one's duty, to render homage, as to a sovereign or +other superior. -- To pay out (Naut.), to pass out; hence, to slacken; +to allow to run out; as, to pay out more cable. See under Cable. -- To +pay the piper, to bear the cost, expense, or trouble. [Colloq.] + +<! p. 1054 !> + +Pay (p), v. i. To give a recompense; to make payment, requital, or +satisfaction; to discharge a debt. + + The wicked borroweth, and payeth not again. + + +Ps. xxxvii. 21. + +2. Hence, to make or secure suitable return for expense or trouble; to +be remunerative or profitable; to be worth the effort or pains +required; as, it will pay to ride; it will pay to wait; politeness +always pays. + +To pay for. (a) To make amends for; to atone for; as, men often pay for +their mistakes with loss of property or reputation, sometimes with +life. (b) To give an equivalent for; to bear the expense of; to be +mulcted on account of. + + 'T was I paid for your sleeps; I watched your wakings. + + +Beau. & Fl. + +-- To pay off. [Etymol. uncertain.] (Naut.) To fall to leeward, as the +head of a vessel under sail. -- To pay on. [Etymol. uncertain.] To beat +with vigor; to redouble blows. [Colloq.] -- To pay round [Etymol. +uncertain.] (Naut.) To turn the ship's head. + +Pay, n. 1. Satisfaction; content. Chaucer. + +2. An equivalent or return for money due, goods purchased, or services +performed; salary or wages for work or service; compensation; +recompense; payment; hire; as, the pay of a clerk; the pay of a +soldier. + + Where only merit constant pay receives. + + +Pope. + + There is neither pay nor plunder to be got. + + +L'Estrange. + +Full pay, the whole amount of wages or salary; maximum pay; especially, +the highest pay or allowance to civil or military officers of a certain +rank, without deductions. -- Half pay. See under Half. -- Pay day, the +day of settlement of accounts. -- Pay dirt (Mining), earth which yields +a profit to the miner. [Western U.S.] -- Pay office, a place where +payment is made. -- Pay roll, a roll or list of persons entitled to +payment, with the amounts due. + +Pay"a*ble (?), a. [Cf. F. payable. Cf. Pacable.] 1. That may, can, or +should be paid; suitable to be paid; justly due. Drayton. + + Thanks are a tribute payable by the poorest. + + +South. + +2. (Law) (a) That may be discharged or settled by delivery of value. +(b) Matured; now due. + +Pay*ee" (?), n. The person to whom money is to be, or has been, paid; +the person named in a bill or note, to whom, or to whose order, the +amount is promised or directed to be paid. See Bill of exchange, under +Bill. + +Pay"en (?), n. & a. Pagan. [F.] [Obs.] Chaucer. + +Pay"er (?), n. One who pays; specifically, the person by whom a bill or +note has been, or should be, paid. + +Pay"mas`ter (?), n. One who pays; one who compensates, rewards, or +requites; specifically, an officer or agent of a government, a +corporation, or an employer, whose duty it is to pay salaries, wages, +etc., and keep account of the same. + +Pay"ment (?), n. [F. payment, paiement. See Pay to requite.] 1. The act +of paying, or giving compensation; the discharge of a debt or an +obligation. + + No man envieth the payment of a debt. + + +Bacon. + +2. That which is paid; the thing given in discharge of a debt, or an +obligation, or in fulfillment of a promise; reward; recompense; +requital; return. Shak. + +3. Punishment; chastisement. [R.] + +Payn (?), n. [OF. & F. pain, fr. L. panis bread.] Bread. Having Piers +Plowman. + +Payn`de*main" (?), n. [OF. pain bread + demaine manorial, lordly, own, +private. See Payn, and Demesne. Said to be so called from the figure of +our Lord impressed upon it.] The finest and whitest bread made in the +Middle Ages; -- called also paynemain, payman. [Obs.] + +Pay"nim (?), n. & a. See Painim. + +Payn"ize (?), v. t. [From Mr. Payne, the inventor.] To treat or +preserve, as wood, by a process resembling kyanizing. + +Pay*or" (?), n. (Law) See Payer. [R.] + +Payse (?), v. t. To poise. [Obs.] Spenser. + +Pay"tine (?), n. (Chem.) An alkaloid obtained from a white bark +resembling that of the cinchona, first brought from Payta, in Peru. + +Pea (?), n. [OF. peis. See Poise.] The sliding weight on a steelyard. +[Written also pee.] + +Pea, n. (Naut.) See Peak, n., 3. + +Pea, n.; pl. Peas (#) or Pease (#). [OE. pese, fr. AS. pisa, or OF. +peis, F. pois; both fr. L. pisum; cf. Gr. &?;, &?;. The final s was +misunderstood in English as a plural ending. Cf. Pease.] 1. (Bot.) A +plant, and its fruit, of the genus Pisum, of many varieties, much +cultivated for food. It has a papilionaceous flower, and the pericarp +is a legume, popularly called a pod. + +When a definite number, more than one, is spoken of, the plural form +peas is used; as, the pod contained nine peas; but, in a collective +sense, the form pease is preferred; as, a bushel of pease; they had +pease at dinner. This distinction is not always preserved, the form +peas being used in both senses. + +2. A name given, especially in the Southern States, to the seed of +several leguminous plants (species of Dolichos, Cicer, Abrus, etc.) +esp. those having a scar (hilum) of a different color from the rest of +the seed. + +The name pea is given to many leguminous plants more or less closely +related to the common pea. See the Phrases, below. + +Beach pea (Bot.), a seashore plant, Lathyrus maritimus. -- Black-eyed +pea, a West Indian name for Dolichos sphÊrospermus and its seed. -- +Butterfly pea, the American plant Clitoria Mariana, having showy +blossoms. -- Chick pea. See Chick-pea. -- Egyptian pea. Same as +Chick-pea. -- Everlasting pea. See under Everlasting. -- Glory pea. See +under Glory, n. -- Hoary pea, any plant of the genus Tephrosia; goat's +rue. -- Issue pea, Orris pea. (Med.) See under Issue, and Orris. -- +Milk pea. (Bot.) See under Milk. -- Pea berry, a kind of a coffee bean +or grain which grows single, and is round or pea-shaped; often used +adjectively; as, pea-berry coffee. -- Pea bug. (Zoˆl.) Same as Pea +weevil. -- Pea coal, a size of coal smaller than nut coal. -- Pea crab +(Zoˆl.), any small crab of the genus Pinnotheres, living as a commensal +in bivalves; esp., the European species (P. pisum) which lives in the +common mussel and the cockle. -- Pea dove (Zoˆl.), the American ground +dove. -- Pea-flower tribe (Bot.), a suborder (PapilionaceÊ) of +leguminous plants having blossoms essentially like that of the pea. G. +Bentham. -- Pea maggot (Zoˆl.), the larva of a European moth (Tortrix +pisi), which is very destructive to peas. -- Pea ore (Min.), +argillaceous oxide of iron, occurring in round grains of a size of a +pea; pisolitic ore. -- Pea starch, the starch or flour of the common +pea, which is sometimes used in adulterating wheat flour, pepper, etc. +-- Pea tree (Bot.), the name of several leguminous shrubs of the genus +Caragana, natives of Siberia and China. -- Pea vine. (Bot.) (a) Any +plant which bears peas. (b) A kind of vetch or tare, common in the +United States (Lathyrus Americana, and other similar species). -- Pea +weevil (Zoˆl.), a small weevil (Bruchus pisi) which destroys peas by +eating out the interior. -- Pigeon pea. (Bot.) See Pigeon pea. -- Sweet +pea (Bot.), the annual plant Lathyrus odoratus; also, its many-colored, +sweet-scented blossoms. + +Pea"bird` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) The wryneck; -- so called from its note. +[Prov. Eng.] + +Pea"bod*y bird` (?). (Zoˆl.) An American sparrow (Zonotrichia +albicollis) having a conspicuous white throat. The name is imitative of +its note. Called also White- throated sparrow. + +Peace (?), n. [OE. pees, pais, OF. pais, paiz, pes, F. paix, L. pax, +pacis, akin to pacere, paciscere, pacisci, to make an agreement, and +prob. also pangere to fasten. Cf. Appease, Fair, a., Fay, v., Fang, +Pacify, Pact, Pay to requite.] A state of quiet or tranquillity; +freedom from disturbance or agitation; calm; repose; specifically: (a) +Exemption from, or cessation of, war with public enemies. (b) Public +quiet, order, and contentment in obedience to law. (c) Exemption from, +or subjection of, agitating passions; tranquillity of mind or +conscience. (d) Reconciliation; agreement after variance; harmony; +concord. "The eternal love and pees." Chaucer. + +Peace is sometimes used as an exclamation in commanding silence, quiet, +or order. "Peace! foolish woman." Shak. + +At peace, in a state of peace. -- Breach of the peace. See under +Breach. -- Justice of the peace. See under Justice. -- Peace of God. +(Law) (a) A term used in wills, indictments, etc., as denoting a state +of peace and good conduct. (b) (Theol.) The peace of heart which is the +gift of God. -- Peace offering. (a) (Jewish Antiq.) A voluntary +offering to God in token of devout homage and of a sense of friendly +communion with Him. (b) A gift or service offered as satisfaction to an +offended person. -- Peace officer, a civil officer whose duty it is to +preserve the public peace, to prevent riots, etc., as a sheriff or +constable. -- To hold one's peace, to be silent; to refrain from +speaking. -- To make one's peace with, to reconcile one with, to plead +one's cause with, or to become reconciled with, another. "I will make +your peace with him." Shak. + +Peace, v. t. & i. To make or become quiet; to be silent; to stop. [R.] +"Peace your tattlings." Shak. + + When the thunder would not peace at my bidding. + + +Shak. + +Peace"a*ble (?), a. [OE. peisible, F. paisible.] Begin in or at peace; +tranquil; quiet; free from, or not disposed to, war, disorder, or +excitement; not quarrelsome. -- Peace"a*ble*ness, n. -- Peace"a*bly, +adv. + +Syn. -- Peaceful; pacific; tranquil; quiet; mild; undisturbed; serene; +still. -- Peaceable, Peaceful. Peaceable describes the state of an +individual, nation, etc., in reference to external hostility, attack, +etc.; peaceful, in respect to internal disturbance. The former denotes +"in the spirit of peace;" latter; "in the possession or enjoyment of +peace." A peaceable adjustment of difficulties; a peaceful life, scene. + +Peace"break`er (?), n. One who disturbs the public peace. -- +Peace"break`ing, n. + +Peace"ful (?), a. 1. Possessing or enjoying peace; not disturbed by +war, tumult, agitation, anxiety, or commotion; quiet; tranquil; as, a +peaceful time; a peaceful country; a peaceful end. + +2. Not disposed or tending to war, tumult or agitation; pacific; mild; +calm; peaceable; as, peaceful words. + +Syn. -- See Peaceable. + +--Peace"ful*ly, adv.. -- Peace"ful*ness, n. + +Peace"less, a. Without peace; disturbed. Sandys. + +Peace"mak`er (?), n. One who makes peace by reconciling parties that +are at variance. Matt. v. 9. + +--Peace"mak`ing, n. + +Peach (?), v. t. [See Appeach, Impeach.] To accuse of crime; to inform +against. [Obs.] Foxe. + +Peach, v. i. To turn informer; to betray one's accomplice. [Obs. or +Colloq.] + + If I be ta'en, I'll peach for this. + + +Shak. + +Peach (?), n. [OE. peche, peshe, OF. pesche, F. pÍche, fr. LL. persia, +L. Persicum (sc. malum) a Persian apple, a peach. Cf. Persian, and +Parsee.] (Bot.) A well-known high-flavored juicy fruit, containing one +or two seeds in a hard almond-like endocarp or stone; also, the tree +which bears it (Prunus, or Amygdalus Persica). In the wild stock the +fruit is hard and inedible. + +Guinea, or Sierra Leone, peach, the large edible berry of the +Sarcocephalus esculentus, a rubiaceous climbing shrub of west tropical +Africa. -- Palm peach, the fruit of a Venezuelan palm tree (Bactris +speciosa). -- Peach color, the pale red color of the peach blossom. -- +Peach-tree borer (Zoˆl.), the larva of a clearwing moth (∆geria, or +Sannina, exitiosa) of the family ∆geriidÊ, which is very destructive to +peach trees by boring in the wood, usually near the ground; also, the +moth itself. See Illust. under Borer. + +Peach"-col`ored (?), a. Of the color of a peach blossom. "Peach-colored +satin." Shak. + +Peach"er (?), n. One who peaches. [Low] Foxe. + +Pea"chick` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) The chicken of the peacock. + +Peach"y (?), a. Resembling a peach or peaches. + +Pea"cock` (?), n. [OE. pecok. Pea- in this word is from AS. pe·, pwa, +peacock, fr. L. pavo, prob. of Oriental origin; cf. Gr. &?;, &?;, Per. +tus, twus, Ar. twu&?;s. See Cock the bird.] 1. (Zoˆl.) The male of any +pheasant of the genus Pavo, of which at least two species are known, +native of Southern Asia and the East Indies. + +The upper tail coverts, which are long and capable of erection, are +each marked with a black spot bordered by concentric bands of brilliant +blue, green, and golden colors. The common domesticated species is Pavo +cristatus. The Javan peacock (P. muticus) is more brilliantly colored +than the common species. + +2. In common usage, the species in general or collectively; a peafowl. + +Peacock butterfly (Zoˆl.), a handsome European butterfly (Hamadryas Io) +having ocelli like those of peacock. -- Peacock fish (Zoˆl.), the +European blue-striped wrasse (Labrus variegatus); -- so called on +account of its brilliant colors. Called also cook wrasse and cook. -- +Peacock pheasant (Zoˆl.), any one of several species of handsome +Asiatic pheasants of the genus Polyplectron. They resemble the peacock +in color. + +Pea"fowl` (?), n. [See Peacock.] (Zoˆl.) The peacock or peahen; any +species of Pavo. + +Pe"age (?), n. See Paage. + +Pea"grit` (?), n. (Min.) A coarse pisolitic limestone. See Pisolite. + +Pea"hen` (?), n. [See Peacock.] (Zoˆl.) The hen or female peafowl. + +Pea"-jack`et (?), n. [Prob. fr. D. pij, pije, a coat of a coarse woolen +stuff.] A thick loose woolen jacket, or coat, much worn by sailors in +cold weather. + +Peak (?), n. [OE. pek, AS. peac, perh of Celtic origin; cf. Ir. peac a +sharp- pointed thing. Cf. Pike.] 1. A point; the sharp end or top of +anything that terminates in a point; as, the peak, or front, of a cap. +"Run your beard into a peak." Beau. & Fl. + +2. The top, or one of the tops, of a hill, mountain, or range, ending +in a point; often, the whole hill or mountain, esp. when isolated; as, +the Peak of Teneriffe. + + Silent upon a peak in Darien. + + +Keats. + +3. (Naut.) (a) The upper aftermost corner of a fore-and-aft sail; -- +used in many combinations; as, peak-halyards, peak-brails, etc. (b) The +narrow part of a vessel's bow, or the hold within it. (c) The extremity +of an anchor fluke; the bill. [In the last sense written also pea and +pee.] + +Fore peak. (Naut.) See under Fore. + +Peak, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Peaked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Peaking.] 1. To +rise or extend into a peak or point; to form, or appear as, a peak. + + There peaketh up a mighty high mount. + + +Holand. + +2. To acquire sharpness of figure or features; hence, to look thin or +sicky. "Dwindle, peak, and pine." Shak. + +3. [Cf. Peek.] To pry; to peep slyly. Shak. + +Peak arch (Arch.), a pointed or Gothic arch. + +Peak, v. t. (Naut.) To raise to a position perpendicular, or more +nearly so; as, to peak oars, to hold them upright; to peak a gaff or +yard, to set it nearer the perpendicular. + +Peaked (?), a. 1. Pointed; ending in a point; as, a peaked roof. + +2. (Oftener &?;) Sickly; not robust. [Colloq.] + +<! p. 1055 !> + +Peak"ing (?), a. 1. Mean; sneaking. [Vulgar] + +2. Pining; sickly; peakish. [Colloq.] + +Peak"ish, a. 1. Of or relating to a peak; or to peaks; belonging to a +mountainous region. "Her peakish spring." Drayton. "His peakish +dialect." Bp. Hall. + +2. Having peaks; peaked. + +3. Having features thin or sharp, as from sickness; hence, sickly. +[Colloq.] + +Peak"y (?), a. 1. Having a peak or peaks. Tennyson. + +2. Sickly; peaked. [Colloq.] + +Peal (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] (Zoˆl.) A small salmon; a grilse; a +sewin. [Prov. Eng.] + +Peal, v. i. To appeal. [Obs.] Spencer. + +Peal, n. [An abbrev. of F. appel a call, appeal, ruffle of a drum, fr. +appeller to call, L. appellare. See Appeal.] 1. A loud sound, or a +succession of loud sounds, as of bells, thunder, cannon, shouts, of a +multitude, etc. "A fair peal of artillery." Hayward. + + Whether those peals of praise be his or no. + + +Shak. + + And a deep thunder, peal on peal, afar. + + +Byron. + +2. A set of bells tuned to each other according to the diatonic scale; +also, the changes rung on a set of bells. + +To ring a peal. See under Ring. + +Peal, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Pealed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pealing.] 1. To +utter or give out loud sounds. + + There let the pealing organ blow. + + +Milton. + +2. To resound; to echo. + + And the whole air pealed With the cheers of our men. + + +Longfellow. + +Peal, v. t. 1. To utter or give forth loudly; to cause to give out loud +sounds; to noise abroad. + + The warrior's name, Though pealed and chimed on all the tongues of + fame. + + +J. Barlow. + +2. To assail with noise or loud sounds. + + Nor was his ear less pealed. + + +Milton. + +3. To pour out. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell. + +Pean (?), n. [OF. pene, F. panne.] (Her.) One of the furs, the ground +being sable, and the spots or tufts or. + +Pe"an (?), n. A song of praise and triumph. See PÊan. + +Pe"an*ism (?), n. [Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to chant the pÊan.] The song or +shout of praise, of battle, or of triumph. [R.] + +Pea"nut (?), n. (Bot.) The fruit of a trailing leguminous plant +(Arachis hypogÊa); also, the plant itself, which is widely cultivated +for its fruit. + +The fruit is a hard pod, usually containing two or three seeds, +sometimes but one, which ripen beneath the soil. Called also earthnut, +groundnut, and goober. + +Pear (p‚r), n. [OE. pere, AS. peru, L. pirum: cf. F. poire. Cf. Perry.] +(Bot.) The fleshy pome, or fruit, of a rosaceous tree (Pyrus communis), +cultivated in many varieties in temperate climates; also, the tree +which bears this fruit. See Pear family, below. + +Pear blight. (a) (Bot.) A name of two distinct diseases of pear trees, +both causing a destruction of the branches, viz., that caused by a +minute insect (Xyleborus pyri), and that caused by the freezing of the +sap in winter. A. J. Downing. (b) (Zoˆl.) A very small beetle +(Xyleborus pyri) whose larvÊ bore in the twigs of pear trees and cause +them to wither. -- Pear family (Bot.), a suborder of rosaceous plants +(PomeÊ), characterized by the calyx tube becoming fleshy in fruit, and, +combined with the ovaries, forming a pome. It includes the apple, pear, +quince, service berry, and hawthorn. -- Pear gauge (Physics), a kind of +gauge for measuring the exhaustion of an air-pump receiver; -- so +called because consisting in part of a pear-shaped glass vessel. -- +Pear shell (Zoˆl.), any marine gastropod shell of the genus Pyrula, +native of tropical seas; -- so called from the shape. -- Pear slug +(Zoˆl.), the larva of a sawfly which is very injurious to the foliage +of the pear tree. + +Pearch (?), n. [Obs.] See Perch. + +Pearl (?), n. A fringe or border. [Obs.] -- v. t. To fringe; to border. +[Obs.] See Purl. + +Pearl stitch. See Purl stitch, under Purl. + +Pearl, n. [OE. perle, F. perle, LL. perla, perula, probably fr. +(assumed) L. pirulo, dim. of L. pirum a pear. See Pear, and cf. Purl to +mantle.] 1. (Zoˆl.) A shelly concretion, usually rounded, and having a +brilliant luster, with varying tints, found in the mantle, or between +the mantle and shell, of certain bivalve mollusks, especially in the +pearl oysters and river mussels, and sometimes in certain univalves. It +is usually due to a secretion of shelly substance around some +irritating foreign particle. Its substance is the same as nacre, or +mother-of- pearl. Pearls which are round, or nearly round, and of fine +luster, are highly esteemed as jewels, and compare in value with the +precious stones. + +2. Hence, figuratively, something resembling a pearl; something very +precious. + + I see thee compassed with thy kingdom's pearl. + + +Shak. + + And those pearls of dew she wears. + + +Milton. + +3. Nacre, or mother-of-pearl. + +4. (Zoˆl.) A fish allied to the turbot; the brill. + +5. (Zoˆl.) A light-colored tern. + +6. (Zoˆl.) One of the circle of tubercles which form the bur on a +deer's antler. + +7. A whitish speck or film on the eye. [Obs.] Milton. + +8. A capsule of gelatin or similar substance containing some liquid for +medicinal application, as ether. + +9. (Print.) A size of type, between agate and diamond. + +This line is printed in the type called pearl. + +Ground pearl. (Zoˆl.) See under Ground. -- Pearl barley, kernels of +barley, ground so as to form small, round grains. -- Pearl diver, one +who dives for pearl oysters. -- Pearl edge, an edge of small loops on +the side of some kinds of ribbon; also, a narrow kind of thread edging +to be sewed on lace. -- Pearl eye, cataract. [R.] -- Pearl gray, a very +pale and delicate blue-gray color. -- Pearl millet, Egyptian millet +(Penicillaria spicata). -- Pearl moss. See Carrageen. -- Pearl moth +(Zoˆl.), any moth of the genus Margaritia; -- so called on account of +its pearly color. -- Pearl oyster (Zoˆl.), any one of several species +of large tropical marine bivalve mollusks of the genus Meleagrina, or +Margaritifera, found in the East Indies (especially at Ceylon), in the +Persian Gulf, on the coast of Australia, and on the Pacific coast of +America. Called also pearl shell, and pearl mussel. -- Pearl powder. +See Pearl white, below. -- Pearl sago, sago in the form of small pearly +grains. -- Pearl sinter (Min.), fiorite. -- Pearl spar (Min.), a +crystallized variety of dolomite, having a pearly luster. -- Pearl +white. (a) Basic bismuth nitrate, or bismuth subchloride; -- used +chiefly as a cosmetic. (b) A variety of white lead blued with indigo or +Berlin blue. + +Pearl (?), a. Of or pertaining to pearl or pearls; made of pearls, or +of mother-of-pearl. + +Pearl, v. t. 1. To set or adorn with pearls, or with mother-of-pearl. +Used also figuratively. + +2. To cause to resemble pearls; to make into small round grains; as, to +pearl barley. + +Pearl, v. i. 1. To resemble pearl or pearls. + +2. To give or hunt for pearls; as, to go pearling. + +Pearl*a"ceous (?), a. Resembling pearl or mother-of-pearl; pearly in +quality or appearance. + +Pearl"ash` (?), n. (Chem.) A white amorphous or granular substance +which consists principally of potassium carbonate, and has a strong +alkaline reaction. It is obtained by lixiviating wood ashes, and +evaporating the lye, and has been an important source of potassium +compounds. It is used in making soap, glass, etc. + +Pearl"-eyed` (?), a. Having a pearly speck in the eye; afflicted with +the cataract. + +Pearl"fish` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) Any fish whose scales yield a pearl-like +pigment used in manufacturing artificial pearls, as the bleak, and +whitebait. + +{ Pearl"ins (?), Pearl"ings (?), } n. pl. [Prob. a corruption of +purflings. See Purfle.] A kind of lace of silk or thread. [Scot.] Sir +W. Scott. + +{ Pearl"ite (?), Pearl"stone` (?), } n. (Min.) A glassy volcanic rock +of a grayish color and pearly luster, often having a spherulitic +concretionary structure due to the curved cracks produced by +contraction in cooling. See Illust. under Perlitic. + +Pearl"wort` (?), n. (Bot.) A name given to several species of Sagina, +low and inconspicuous herbs of the Chickweed family. + +Pearl"y (?), a. 1. Containing pearls; abounding with, or yielding, +pearls; as, pearly shells. Milton. + +2. Resembling pearl or pearls; clear; pure; transparent; iridescent; +as, the pearly dew or flood. + +Pear"main (?), n. (Bot.) The name of several kinds of apples; as, the +blue pearmain, winter pearmain, and red pearmain. + +Pear"-shaped` (?), a. Of the form of a pear. + +Peart (?), a. [A variant of pert, a.] Active; lively; brisk; smart; -- +often applied to convalescents; as, she is quite peart to-day. [O. Eng. +& Colloq. U. S.] + + There was a tricksy girl, I wot, albeit clad in gray, As peart as + bird, as straight as bolt, as fresh as flowers in May. + + +Warner (1592). + +Peas"ant (?), n. [OF. paÔsant (the i being perh. due to confusion with +the p. pr. of verbs), paÔsan, F. paysan, fr. OF. & F. pays country, fr. +L. pagus the country. See Pagan.] A countryman; a rustic; especially, +one of the lowest class of tillers of the soil in European countries. + +Syn. -- Countryman; rustic; swain; hind. + +Peas"ant, a. Rustic, rural. Spenser. + +Peas"ant*like` (?), a. Rude; clownish; illiterate. + +Peas"ant*ly, a. Peasantlike. [Obs.] Milton. + +Peas"ant*ry (?), n. 1. Peasants, collectively; the body of rustics. "A +bold peasantry." Goldsmith. + +2. Rusticity; coarseness. [Obs.] p. Butler. + +Peas"cod` (?), n. The legume or pericarp, or the pod, of the pea. + +Pease (?), n.; obs.pl. Peases (#), Peasen (#). [See Pea.] 1. A pea. +[Obs.] "A peose." "Bread . . . of beans and of peses." Piers Plowman. + +2. A plural form of Pea. See the Note under Pea. + +Pea"stone` (?), n. (Min.) Pisolite. + +Peas"weep` (?), n. [So called from its note.] [Prov. Eng.] (Zoˆl.) (a) +The pewit, or lapwing. (b) The greenfinch. + +Peat (?), n. [Cf. Pet a fondling.] A small person; a pet; -- sometimes +used contemptuously. [Obs.] Shak. + +Peat, n. [Prob. for beat, prop., material used to make the fire burn +better, fr. AS. b&?;tan to better, mend (a fire), b&?;t advantage. See +Better, Boot advantage.] A substance of vegetable origin, consisting of +roots and fibers, moss, etc., in various stages of decomposition, and +found, as a kind of turf or bog, usually in low situations, where it is +always more or less saturated with water. It is often dried and used +for fuel. + +Peat bog, a bog containing peat; also, peat as it occurs in such +places; peat moss. -- Peat moss. (a) The plants which, when decomposed, +become peat. (b) A fen producing peat. (c) (Bot.) Moss of the genus +Sphagnum, which often grows abundantly in boggy or peaty places. -- +Peat reek, the reek or smoke of peat; hence, also, the peculiar flavor +given to whisky by being distilled with peat as fuel. [Scot.] + +Peat"y (?), a. Composed of peat; abounding in peat; resembling peat. + +Pe"ba (?), n. [Cf. Pg. peba.] (Zoˆl.) An armadillo (Tatusia +novemcincta) which is found from Texas to Paraguay; -- called also +tatouhou. + +Peb"ble (?), n. [AS. papolstn; cf. L. papula pimple, mote. See Stone.] +1. A small roundish stone or bowlder; especially, a stone worn and +rounded by the action of water; a pebblestone. "The pebbles on the +hungry beach." Shak. + + As children gathering pebbles on the shore. + + +Milton. + +2. Transparent and colorless rock crystal; as, Brazilian pebble; -- so +called by opticians. + +Pebble powder, slow-burning gunpowder, in large cubical grains. -- +Scotch pebble, varieties of quartz, as agate, chalcedony, etc., +obtained from cavities in amygdaloid. + +Peb"ble, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pebbled; p. pr. & vb. n. Pebbling.] To +grain (leather) so as to produce a surface covered with small rounded +prominences. + +Peb"bled (?), a. Abounding in pebbles. Thomson. + +Peb"ble*stone` (?). A pebble; also, pebbles collectively. "Chains of +pebblestone." Marlowe. + +Peb"bly (?), a. Full of pebbles; pebbled. "A hard, pebbly bottom." +Johnson. + +||Pe`brine" (?), n. [F.] An epidemic disease of the silkworm, +||characterized by the presence of minute vibratory corpuscles in the +||blood. + +Pe*can" (?), n. [Cf. F. pacane the nut.] (Bot.) A species of hickory +(Carya olivÊformis), growing in North America, chiefly in the +Mississippi valley and in Texas, where it is one of the largest of +forest trees; also, its fruit, a smooth, oblong nut, an inch or an inch +and a half long, with a thin shell and well-flavored meat. [Written +also pacane.] + +Pec"a*ry (?), n. (Zoˆl.) See Peccary. + +Pec`ca*bil"i*ty (?), n. The state or quality of being peccable; +lability to sin. + + The common peccability of mankind. + + +Dr. H. More. + +Pec"ca*ble (?), a. [Cf. F. peccable. See Peccant.] Liable to sin; +subject to transgress the divine law. "A frail and peccable mortal." +Sir W. Scott. + +Pec`ca*dil"lo (?), n.; pl. Peccadillos (#). [Sp. pecadillo, dim. of +pecado a sin, fr. L. peccatum. See Peccant.] A slight trespass or +offense; a petty crime or fault. Sir W. Scott. + +Pec"can*cy (?), n. [L. peccantia.] 1. The quality or state of being +peccant. + +2. A sin; an offense. W. Montagu. + +Pec"cant (?), a. [L. peccans, -antis, p. pr. of peccare to sin: cf. F. +peccant.] 1. Sinning; guilty of transgression; criminal; as, peccant +angels. Milton. + +2. Morbid; corrupt; as, peccant humors. Bacon. + +3. Wrong; defective; faulty. [R.] Ayliffe. + +Pec"cant, n. An offender. [Obs.] Whitlock. + +Pec"cant*ly, adv. In a peccant manner. + +Pec"ca*ry (?), n.; pl. Peccaries (#). [From the native South American +name: cf. F. pÈcari, Sp. pecar.] (Zoˆl.) A pachyderm of the genus +Dicotyles. + +The collared peccary, or tajacu (Dicotyles torquatus), is about the +size and shape of a small hog, and has a white ring aroung the neck. It +ranges from Arkansas to Brazil. A larger species (D. labiatus), with +white cheeks, is found in South America. + +||Pec*ca"vi (?). [L.] I have sinned; -- used colloquially to express +||confession or acknowledgment of an offense. Aubrey. + +Pec"co (?), n. See Pekoe. + +Peck, n. [Perh. akin to pack; or, orig., an indefinite quantity, and +fr. peck, v. (below): cf. also F. picotin a peak.] 1. The fourth part +of a bushel; a dry measure of eight quarts; as, a peck of wheat. "A +peck of provender." Shak. + +2. A great deal; a large or excessive quantity. "A peck of +uncertainties and doubts." Milton. + +Peck, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pecked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pecking.] [See +Pick, v.] 1. To strike with the beak; to thrust the beak into; as, a +bird pecks a tree. + +2. Hence: To strike, pick, thrust against, or dig into, with a pointed +instrument; especially, to strike, pick, etc., with repeated quick +movements. + +3. To seize and pick up with the beak, or as with the beak; to bite; to +eat; -- often with up. Addison. + + This fellow pecks up wit as pigeons peas. + + +Shak. + +4. To make, by striking with the beak or a pointed instrument; as, to +peck a hole in a tree. + +Peck, v. i. 1. To make strokes with the beak, or with a pointed +instrument. Carew. + +2. To pick up food with the beak; hence, to eat. + + [The hen] went pecking by his side. + + +Dryden. + +To peck at, to attack with petty and repeated blows; to carp at; to +nag; to tease. + +<! p. 1056 !> + +Peck (?), n. A quick, sharp stroke, as with the beak of a bird or a +pointed instrument. + +Peck"er (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, pecks; specif., a bird that +pecks holes in trees; a woodpecker. + +2. An instrument for pecking; a pick. Garth. + +Flower pecker. (Zoˆl.) See under Flower. + +Peck"ish, a. Inclined to eat; hungry. [Colloq.] "When shall I feel +peckish again?" Beaconsfield. + +Pec"kled (?), a. Speckled; spotted. [Obs.] + +||Pe*cop"te*ris (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; to comb + &?; a kind of +||fern.] (Paleon.) An extensive genus of fossil ferns; -- so named from +||the regular comblike arrangement of the leaflets. + +||Pec"o*ra (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. L. pecus. See Pecuniary.] (Zoˆl.) An +||extensive division of ruminants, including the antelopes, deer, and +||cattle. + +Pec"tate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of pectic acid. + +Pec"ten (?), n. [L. pecten, - inis, a comb, a kind of shellfish. See +Pectinate.] 1. (Anat.) (a) A vascular pigmented membrane projecting +into the vitreous humor within the globe of the eye in birds, and in +many reptiles and fishes; -- also called marsupium. (b) The pubic bone. + +2. (Zoˆl.) Any species of bivalve mollusks of the genus Pecten, and +numerous allied genera (family PectinidÊ); a scallop. See Scallop. + +3. (Zoˆl.) The comb of a scorpion. See Comb, 4 (b). + +Pec"tic (?), a. [Gr. &?; curdled.] (Chem.) Of or pertaining to pectin; +specifically, designating an acid obtained from ordinary vegetable +jelly (pectin) as an amorphous substance, tough and horny when dry, but +gelatinous when moist. + +Pec"tin (?), n. [Gr. &?; curdled, congealed, from &?; to make fast or +stiff: cf. F. pectine.] (Chem.) One of a series of carbohydrates, +commonly called vegetable jelly, found very widely distributed in the +vegetable kingdom, especially in ripe fleshy fruits, as apples, +cranberries, etc. It is extracted as variously colored, translucent +substances, which are soluble in hot water but become viscous on +cooling. + +Pec"ti*nal (?), a. [L. pecten comb. See Pectinate.] Of or pertaining to +a comb; resembling a comb. + +Pec"ti*nal, n. A fish whose bone&?; resemble comb teeth. Sir T. Browne. + +{ Pec"ti*na`te (?), Pec"ti*na`ted (?), } a. [L. pectinatus, p. pr. of +pectinare to comb, from pecten, -inis, a comb; cf. Gr. &?; to comb, AS. +feax hair, OHG. fahs, E. paxwax.] 1. Resembling the teeth of a comb. + +2. (Nat. Hist.) Having very narrow, close divisions, in arrangement and +regularity resembling those of a comb; comblike; as, a pectinate leaf; +pectinated muscles. See Illust. (e) of AntennÊ. + +3. Interlaced, like two combs. [R.] "Our fingers pectinated, or shut +together." Sir T. Browne. + +Pectinate claw (Zoˆl.), a claw having a serrate edge, found in some +birds, and supposed to be used in cleaning the feathers. + +Pec"ti*nate*ly (?), adv. In a pectinate manner. + +Pec`ti*na"tion (?), n. 1. The state of being pectinated; that which is +pectinated. Sir T. Browne. + +2. The act of combing; the combing of the head. + +3. (Nat. Hist.) Comblike toothing. + +Pec*tin"e*al (?), a. [See Pecten.] (Anat.) (a) Of or pertaining to the +pecten. (b) Relating to, or connected with, the pubic bone. + +Pec*tin"i*branch (?), n. (Zoˆl.) One of the Pectinibranchiata. Also +used adjectively. + +||Pec`ti*ni*bran`chi*a"ta (?), n. pl. [NL. See Pecten, and Branchia.] +||(Zoˆl.) A division of Gastropoda, including those that have a +||comblike gill upon the neck. + +Pec`ti*ni*bran"chi*ate (?), a. [L. pecten, -inis, a comb + E. +branchiate.] (Zoˆl.) Having pectinated gills. + +Pec*tin"i*form (?), a. Comblike in form. + +Pec*tize" (?), v. i. [Gr. &?; solid.] To congeal; to change into a +gelatinous mass. [R.] H. Spencer. + +Pec"to*lite (?), n. [L. pecten a comb + -lite.] (Min.) A whitish +mineral occurring in radiated or fibrous crystalline masses. It is a +hydrous silicate of lime and soda. + +Pec"to*ral (?), a. [L. pectoralis, fr. pectus, -oris the breast; cf. F. +pectoral.] 1. Of or pertaining to the breast, or chest; as, the +pectoral muscles. + +2. Relating to, or good for, diseases of the chest or lungs; as, a +pectoral remedy. + +3. (Zoˆl.) Having the breast conspicuously colored; as, the pectoral +sandpiper. + +Pectoral arch, or Pectoral girdle (Anat.), the two or more bony or +cartilaginous pieces of the vertebrate skeleton to which the fore limbs +are articulated; the shoulder girdle. In man it consists of two bones, +the scapula and clavicle, on each side. -- Pectorial cross (Eccl.), a +cross worn on the breast by bishops and abbots, and sometimes also by +canons. - - Pectorial fins, or Pectorials (Zoˆl.), fins situated on the +sides, behind the gills. See Illust. under Fin. -- Pectorial rail. +(Zoˆl.) See Land rail (b) under Land. -- Pectorial sandpiper (Zoˆl.), +the jacksnipe (b). + +Pec"to*ral (?), n. [L. pectorale a breastplate, neut. of pectorials.] +1. A covering or protecting for the breast. + +2. (Eccl.) (a) A breastplate, esp. that worn by the Jewish high person. +(b) A clasp or a cross worn on the breast. + +3. A medicine for diseases of the chest organs, especially the lungs. + +Pec"to*ral*ly (?), adv. As connected with the breast. + +Pec`to*ri*lo"qui*al (?), a. [Cf. F. pectoriloque.] Pertaining to, or of +the nature of, pectoriloquy. + +Pec`to*ril"o*quism (?), n. Pectoriloquy. + +Pec`to*ril"o*quous (?), a. Pectoriloquial. + +Pec`to*ril"o*quy (?), n. [L. pectus, -oris, the breast + loqui to +speak: cf. F. pectoriloquie.] (Med.) The distinct articulation of the +sounds of a patient's voice, heard on applying the ear to the chest in +auscultation. It usually indicates some morbid change in the lungs or +pleural cavity. + +Pec"tose` (?), n. [Pectic + cellulose.] (Chem.) An amorphous +carbohydrate found in the vegetable kingdom, esp. in unripe fruits. It +is associated with cellulose, and is converted into substances of the +pectin group. + +Pec*to"sic (?), a. (Chem.)Of, pertaining to, resembling, or derived +from, pectose; specifically, designating an acid supposed to constitute +largely ordinary pectin or vegetable jelly. + +||Pec*tos"tra*ca (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; fixed + &?; shell of a +||testacean.] (Zoˆl.) A degenerate order of Crustacea, including the +||Rhizocephala and Cirripedia. + +Pec"tous (?), a. (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or consisting of, pectose. + +||Pec"tus (?), n.; pl. Pectora (#). [L., the breast.] (Zoˆl.) The +||breast of a bird. + +Pec"ul (?), n. See Picul. + +Pec"u*late (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Peculated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Peculating.] [L. peculatus, p. p. of peculari to peculate, akin to +peculium private property. See Peculiar.] To appropriate to one's own +use the property of the public; to steal public moneys intrusted to +one's care; to embezzle. + + An oppressive, . . . rapacious, and peculating despotism. + + +Burke. + +Pec`u*la"tion (?), n. The act or practice of peculating, or of +defrauding the public by appropriating to one's own use the money or +goods intrusted to one's care for management or disbursement; +embezzlement. + + Every British subject . . . active in the discovery of peculations + has been ruined. + + +Burke. + +Pec"u*la`tor (?), n. [L.] One who peculates. "Peculators of the public +gold." Cowper. + +Pe*cul"iar (?), a. [L. peculiaris, fr. peculium private property, akin +to pecunia money: cf. OF. peculier. See Pecuniary.] 1. One's own; +belonging solely or especially to an individual; not possessed by +others; of private, personal, or characteristic possession and use; not +owned in common or in participation. + + And purify unto himself a peculiar people. + + +Titus ii. 14. + + Hymns . . . that Christianity hath peculiar unto itself. + + +Hooker. + +2. Particular; individual; special; appropriate. + + While each peculiar power forgoes his wonted seat. + + +Milton. + + My fate is Juno's most peculiar care. + + +Dryden. + +3. Unusual; singular; rare; strange; as, the sky had a +peculiarappearance. + +Syn. -- Peculiar, Special, Especial. Peculiar is from the Roman +peculium, which was a thing emphatically and distinctively one's own, +and hence was dear. The former sense always belongs to peculiar (as, a +peculiar style, peculiar manners, etc.), and usually so much of the +latter as to involve feelings of interest; as, peculiar care, +watchfulness, satisfaction, etc. Nothing of this kind belongs to +special and especial. They mark simply the relation of species to +genus, and denote that there is something in this case more than +ordinary; as, a special act of Congress; especial pains, etc. + + Beauty, which, either walking or asleep, Shot forth peculiar + graces. + + +Milton. + + For naught so vile that on the earth doth live, But to the earth + some special good doth give. + + +Shak. + +Pe*cul"iar, n. 1. That which is peculiar; a sole or exclusive property; +a prerogative; a characteristic. + + Revenge is . . . the peculiar of Heaven. + + +South. + +2. (Eng. Canon Law) A particular parish or church which is exempt from +the jurisdiction of the ordinary. + +Court of Peculiars (Eng. Law), a branch of the Court of Arches having +cognizance of the affairs of peculiars. Blackstone. -- Dean of +peculiars. See under Dean, 1. + +Pe*cul`iar"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Peculiarities (&?;). 1. The quality or +state of being peculiar; individuality; singularity. Swift. + +2. That which is peculiar; a special and distinctive characteristic or +habit; particularity. + + The smallest peculiarity of temper on manner. + + +Macaulay. + +3. Exclusive possession or right. [Obs.] Bp. Hall. + +Pe*cul"iar*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pecularized (?); p. pr. & vb. +n. Pecularizing (?).] To make peculiar; to set appart or assign, as an +exclusive possession. [R.] Dr. John Smith. + +Pe*cul"iar*ly, adv. In a peculiar manner; particulary; in a rare and +striking degree; unusually. + +Pe*cul"iar*ness, n. The quality or state of being peculiar; +peculiarity. Mede. + +||Pe*cu"li*um (?), n. [L. See Peculiar.] 1. (Rom. Law) The saving of a +||son or a slave with the father's or master's consent; a little +||property or stock of one's own; any exclusive personal or separate +||property. Burrill. + +2. A special fund for private and personal uses. + + A slight peculium only subtracted to supply his snuff box and + tobacco pouch. + + +Sir W. Scott. + +Pe*cu"ni*al (?), a. Pecuniary. [Obs.] Chaucer. + +Pe*cun"ia*ri*ly (?), adv. In a pecuniary manner; as regards money. + +Pe*cun"ia*ry (?), a. [L. pecuniarius, fr. pecunia money, orig., +property in cattle, fr. pecus cattle: cf. F. pÈcuniaire. See Fee, and +cf. Peculiar.] 1. Relating to money; monetary; as, a pecuniary penalty; +a pecuniary reward. Burke. + +Pe*cu"ni*ous (?), a. [L. pecuniosus, fr. pecunia: cf. F. pÈcunieux.] +Abounding in money; wealthy; rich. [Obs.] Sherwood. + +Ped (?), n. [OE. See Peddler.] A basket; a hammer; a pannier. [Obs.] +Halliwell. + +Ped"age (?), n. [LL. pedagium, for pedaticum. See Paage.] A toll or tax +paid by passengers, entitling them to safe-conduct and protection. +[Obs.] Spelman. + +Ped"a*gog (?), n. Pedagogue. + +Ped`a*gog"ic (?), n. [From Pedagogic, a.; cf. G. pedagogik.] See +Pedagogics. + +{ Ped`a*gog"ic (?), Ped`a*gog"ic*al (?), } a. [Gr. &?;: cf. F. +pÈdagogique. See Pedagogue.] Of or pertaining to a pedagogue; suited +to, or characteristic of, a pedagogue. + +Ped`a*gog"ics (?), n. The science or art of teaching; the principles +and rules of teaching; pedagogy. + +Ped"a*gog*ism (?), n. [Cf. F. pÈdagogisme.] The system, occupation, +character, or manner of pedagogues. Milton. + + Avocation of pedantry and pedagogism. + + +De Foe. + +Ped"a*gogue (?), n. [F. pÈdagogue, L. paedagogus, Gr. &?;; pai^s, +paido`s, a boy + &?; to lead, guide; cf. &?; leading. See Page a +servant, Agent.] 1. (Gr. Antiq.) A slave who led his master's children +to school, and had the charge of them generally. + +2. A teacher of children; one whose occupation is to teach the young; a +schoolmaster. + +3. One who by teaching has become formal, positive, or pedantic in his +ways; one who has the manner of a schoolmaster; a pedant. Goldsmith. + +Ped"a*gogue, v. t. [Cf. L. paedagogare to instruct.] To play the +pedagogue toward. [Obs.] Prior. + +Ped"a*go`gy (?), n. [Gr. &?;: cf. F. pÈdagogie.] Pedagogics; +pedagogism. South. + +Pe"dal (?), a. [L. pedalis, fr. pes, pedis, foot. See Foot, and cf. +Pew.] 1. Of or pertaining to the foot, or to feet, literally or +figuratively; specifically (Zoˆl.), pertaining to the foot of a +mollusk; as, the pedal ganglion. + +2. (&?;) Of or pertaining to a pedal; having pedals. + +Pedal curve or surface (Geom.), the curve or surface which is the locus +of the feet of perpendiculars let fall from a fixed point upon the +straight lines tangent to a given curve, or upon the planes tangent to +a given surface. -- Pedal note (Mus.), the note which is held or +sustained through an organ point. See Organ point, under Organ. -- +Pedal organ (Mus.), an organ which has pedals or a range of keys moved +by the feet; that portion of a full organ which is played with the +feet. + +Pe"dal (?), n. [Cf. F. pÈdale, It. pedale. See Pedal, a.] 1. (Mech.) A +lever or key acted on by the foot, as in the pianoforte to raise the +dampers, or in the organ to open and close certain pipes; a treadle, as +in a lathe or a bicycle. + +2. (Geom.) A pedal curve or surface. + +Pe*da"li*an (?), a. Relating to the foot, or to a metrical foot; pedal. +[R.] Maunder. + +Pe*dal"i*ty (?), n. The act of measuring by paces. [R.] Ash. + +Pe*da"ne*ous (?), a. [L. pedaneus of the size of a foot.] Going on +foot; pedestrian. [R.] + +Ped"ant (?), n. [F. pÈdant, It. pedante, fr. Gr. &?; to instruct, from +pai^s boy. See Pedagogue.] 1. A schoolmaster; a pedagogue. [Obs.] +Dryden. + + A pedant that keeps a school i'th' church. + + +Shak. + +2. One who puts on an air of learning; one who makes a vain display of +learning; a pretender to superior knowledge. Addison. + + A scholar, yet surely no pedant, was he. + + +Goldsmith. + +{ Pe*dan"tic (?), Pe*dan"tic*al (?), } a. Of or pertaining to a pedant; +characteristic of, or resembling, a pedant; ostentatious of learning; +as, a pedantic writer; a pedantic description; a pedantical +affectation. "Figures pedantical." Shak. + +Pe*dan"tic*al*ly, adv. In a pedantic manner. + +Pe*dan"tic*ly (?), adv. Pedantically. [R.] + +Ped"ant*ism (?), n. The office, disposition, or act of a pedant; +pedantry. [Obs.] + +Ped"ant*ize (?), v. i. [Cf. F. pÈdantiser.] To play the pedant; to use +pedantic expressions. [R.] + +Ped`an*toc"ra*cy (?), n. [Pedant + democracy.] The sway of pedants. +[R.] J. S. Mill. + +Ped"ant*ry (?), n. [Cf. F. pÈdanterie.] The act, character, or manners +of a pedant; vain ostentation of learning. "This pedantry of +quotation." Cowley. + + 'T is a practice that savors much of pedantry. + + +Sir T. Browne. + +Ped"ant*y (?), n. An assembly or clique of pedants. [Obs.] Milton. + +Pe*da"ri*an (?), n. [L. pedarius, fr. pedarius belonging to the foot, +fr. pes, pedis, foot.] (Rom. Antiq.) One of a class eligible to the +office of senator, but not yet chosen, who could sit and speak in the +senate, but could not vote; -- so called because he might indicate his +opinion by walking over to the side of the party he favored when a vote +was taken. + +Ped"a*ry (?), n.; pl. Pedaries (#). [L. pedarius of the foot.] A +sandal. [Obs.] Latimer. + +||Pe*da"ta (?), n. pl. [NL. See Pedate.] (Zoˆl.) An order of +||holothurians, including those that have ambulacral suckers, or feet, +||and an internal gill. + +<! p. 1057 !> + +Ped"ate (?), a. [L. pedatus, p. p. of pedare to furnish with feet, fr. +pes, pedis, a foot.] (Bot.) Palmate, with the lateral lobes cleft into +two or more segments; -- said of a leaf. -- Ped"ate*ly, adv. + +Pe*dat"i*fid (?), a. [Pedate + root of L. findere to split.] [Colloq.] +Cleft in a pedate manner, but having the lobes distinctly connected at +the base; -- said of a leaf. + +Ped"dle (?), v. i. [From Peddler.] 1. To travel about with wares for +sale; to go from place to place, or from house to house, for the +purpose of retailing goods; as, to peddle without a license. + +2. To do a small business; to be busy about trifles; to piddle. + +Ped"dle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Peddled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Peddling +(?).] To sell from place to place; to retail by carrying around from +customer to customer; to hawk; hence, to retail in very small +quantities; as, to peddle vegetables or tinware. + +Ped"dler (?), n. [OE. pedlere, pedlare, also peddare, peoddare, fr. OE. +ped a basket, of unknown origin.] One who peddles; a traveling trader; +one who travels about, retailing small wares; a hawker. [Written also +pedlar and pedler.] "Some vagabond huckster or peddler." Hakluyt. + +Ped"dler*y (?), n. [Written also pedlary and pedlery.] 1. The trade, or +the goods, of a peddler; hawking; small retail business, like that of a +peddler. + +2. Trifling; trickery. [Obs.] "Look . . . into these their deceitful +peddleries." Milton. + +Ped"dling, a. 1. Hawking; acting as a peddler. + +2. Petty; insignificant. "The miserable remains of a peddling +commerce." Burke. + +Ped"er*ast (?), n. [Gr. paiderasth`s; pai^s, paido`s, a boy + 'era^n to +love: cf. F. pÈdÈraste.] One guilty of pederasty; a sodomite. + +Ped`er*as"tic (?), a. [Gr. paiderastiko`s.] Of or pertaining to +pederasty. + +Ped"er*as`ty (?), n. [Gr. paiderasti`a: cf. F. pÈdÈrastie.] The crime +against nature; sodomy. + +Ped`e*re"ro (?), n. [Sp. pedrero, fr. OSp. pedra, Sp. piedra, a stone, +L. petra, fr. Gr. &?;. So named because it was at first charged with +stones.] (Mil.) A term formerly applied to a short piece of chambered +ordnance. [Written also paterero and peterero.] + +||Pe*de"sis (?), n. [NL., from Gr. &?; a leaping.] Same as Brownian +||movement, under Brownian. + +Ped"es*tal (?), n. [Sp. pedestal; cf. F. piÈdestal, It. piedestallo; +fr. L. es, pedis, foot + OHG. stal standing place, station, place, akin +to E. stall. See Foot, and Stall, and Footstall.] 1. (Arch.) The base +or foot of a column, statue, vase, lamp, or the like; the part on which +an upright work stands. It consists of three parts, the base, the die +or dado, and the cornice or surbase molding. See Illust. of Column. + + Build him a pedestal, and say, "Stand there!" + + +Cowper. + +2. (a) (Railroad Cars) A casting secured to the frame of a truck and +forming a jaw for holding a journal box. (b) (Mach.) A pillow block; a +low housing. (c) (Bridge Building) An iron socket, or support, for the +foot of a brace at the end of a truss where it rests on a pier. + +Pedestal coil (steam Heating), a group of connected straight pipes +arranged side by side and one above another, -- used in a radiator. + +Ped"es*taled (?), a. Placed on, or supported by, a pedestal; +figuratively, exalted. Hawthorne. + + Pedestaled haply in a palace court. + + +Keats. + +Pe*des"tri*al (?), a. [L. pedester, -esteris, fr. pes, pedis, a foot: +cf. F. pÈdestere. See Pedal.] Of or pertaining to the feet; employing +the foot or feet. + +Pe*des"tri*al*ly, adv. In a pedestrial manner. + +Pe*des"tri*an (?), a. Going on foot; performed on foot; as, a +pedestrian journey. + +Pe*des"tri*an, n. A walker; one who journeys on foot; a foot traveler; +specif., a professional walker or runner. + +Pe*des"tri*an*ism (?), n. The act, art, or practice of a pedestrian; +walking or running; traveling or racing on foot. + +Pe*des"tri*an*ize (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Pedestrianized (?); p. pr. & +vb. n. Pedestrianizing.] To practice walking; to travel on foot. + +Pe*des"tri*ous (?), a. Going on foot; not winged. [Obs.] "Pedestrious +animals." Sir T. Browne. + +Ped`e*ten"tous (?), a. [L. pes, pedis, foot + tendere to stretch out: +cf. L. tentim by degrees.] Proceeding step by step; advancing +cautiously. [R.] + + That pedetentous pace and pedetentous mind in which it behooves the + wise and virtuous improver to walk. + + +Sydney Smith. + +{ Ped"i- (?), Ped"o- (?) }. [See Foot.] Combining forms from L. pes, +pedis, foot, as pedipalp, pedireme, pedometer. + +Pe"di*al (?), a. Pertaining to the foot, or to any organ called a foot; +pedal. Dana. + +Ped"i*cel (?), n. [F. pÈdicelle. See Pedicle.] 1. (Bot.) (a) A stalk +which supports one flower or fruit, whether solitary or one of many +ultimate divisions of a common peduncle. See Peduncle, and Illust. of +Flower. (b) A slender support of any special organ, as that of a +capsule in mosses, an air vesicle in algÊ, or a sporangium in ferns. + +2. (Zoˆl.) A slender stem by which certain of the lower animals or +their eggs are attached. See Illust. of Aphis lion. + +3. (Anat.) (a) The ventral part of each side of the neural arch +connecting with the centrum of a vertebra. (b) An outgrowth of the +frontal bones, which supports the antlers or horns in deer and allied +animals. + +Ped"i*celed (?), a. Pedicellate. + +||Ped`i*cel*la"ri*a (?), n.; pl. PedicellariÊ (#). [NL. See Pedicel.] +||(Zoˆl.) A peculiar forcepslike organ which occurs in large numbers +||upon starfishes and echini. Those of starfishes have two movable +||jaws, or blades, and are usually nearly, or quite, sessile; those of +||echini usually have three jaws and a pedicel. See Illustration in +||Appendix. + +Ped"i*cel`late (?), a. Having a pedicel; supported by a pedicel. + +||Ped`i*cel*li"na (?), n. [NL. See Pedicel.] (Zoˆl.) A genus of +||Bryozoa, of the order Entoprocta, having a bell-shaped body supported +||on a slender pedicel. See Illust. under Entoprocta. + +Ped"i*cle (?), n. [L. pediculus a little foot, dim. of pes foot: cf. F. +pÈdicule. See edal, and cf. Pedicel.] Same as Pedicel. + +Pe*dic"u*lar (?), a. [L. pedicularis, fr. pediculus a louse: cf. F. +pÈdiculaire.] Of or pertaining to lice; having the lousy distemper +(phthiriasis); lousy. Southey. + +Pe*dic"u*late (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Of or pertaining to the Pediculati. + +||Pe*dic`u*la"ti (?), n. pl. [NL. See Pedicle.] (Zoˆl.) An order of +||fishes including the anglers. See Illust. of Angler and Batfish. + +Pe*dic`u*la"tion (?), n. (Med.) Phthiriasis. + +Ped"i*cule (?), n. [See Pedicle.] A pedicel. + +||Pe*dic`u*li"na (?), n. pl. [NL. See Pediculus.] (Zoˆl.) A division of +||parasitic hemipterous insects, including the true lice. See Illust. +||in Appendix. + +Pe*dic"u*lous (?), a. [L. pediculosus.] Pedicular. + +||Pe*dic"u*lus (?), n.; pl. Pediculi (#). [L., a louse.] (Zoˆl.) A +||genus of wingless parasitic Hemiptera, including the common lice of +||man. See Louse. + +Ped"i*form (?), a. [Pedi- + - form.] Shaped like a foot. + +Pe*dig"er*ous (?), a. [Pedi- + -gerous.] (Zoˆl.) Bearing or having feet +or legs. + +Ped"i*gree (?), n. [Of unknown origin; possibly fr. F. par degrÈs by +degrees, -- for a pedigree is properly a genealogical table which +records the relationship of families by degrees; or, perh., fr. F. pied +de grue crane's foot, from the shape of the heraldic genealogical +trees.] 1. A line of ancestors; descent; lineage; genealogy; a register +or record of a line of ancestors. + + Alterations of surnames . . . have obscured the truth of our + pedigrees. + + +Camden. + + His vanity labored to contrive us a pedigree. + + +Milton. + + I am no herald to inquire of men's pedigrees. + + +Sir P. Sidney. + + The Jews preserved the pedigrees of their tribes. + + +Atterbury. + +2. (Stock Breeding) A record of the lineage or strain of an animal, as +of a horse. + +Ped"i*lu`vy (?), n. [Pedi- + L. luere to wash: cf. It. & Sp. pediluvio, +F. pÈdiluve.] The bathing of the feet, a bath for the feet. [Obs.] + +||Pe*dim"a*na (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. L. pes, pedis, foot + manus hand.] +||(Zoˆl.) A division of marsupials, including the opossums. + +Ped"i*mane (?), n. [Cf. F. pÈdimane.] (Zoˆl.) A pedimanous marsupial; +an opossum. + +Pe*dim"a*nous (?), a. [See Pedimana.] (Zoˆl.) Having feet resembling +hands, or with the first toe opposable, as the opossums and monkeys. + +Ped"i*ment (?), n. [L. pes, pedis, a foot. See Foot.] (Arch.) +Originally, in classical architecture, the triangular space forming the +gable of a simple roof; hence, a similar form used as a decoration over +porticoes, doors, windows, etc.; also, a rounded or broken frontal +having a similar position and use. See Temple. + +Ped`i*men"tal (?), a. Of or pertaining to a pediment. + +Ped"i*palp (?), n. [Cf. F. pÈdipalpe.] (Zoˆl.) One of the Pedipalpi. + +||Ped`i*pal"pi (?), n pl. [NL. See Pedipalpus.] (Zoˆl.) A division of +||Arachnida, including the whip scorpions (Thelyphonus) and allied +||forms. Sometimes used in a wider sense to include also the true +||scorpions. + +Ped`i*pal"pous (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Pertaining to, or resembling, the +pedipalps. + +Ped`i*pal"pus (?), n.; pl. Pedipalpi (#). [NL. See Pes, and Palpus.] +(Zoˆl.) One of the second pair of mouth organs of arachnids. In some +they are leglike, but in others, as the scorpion, they terminate in a +claw. + +Ped"i*reme (?), n. [Pedi- + L. remus oar.] (Zoˆl.) A crustacean, some +of whose feet serve as oars. + +{ Ped"lar, Ped"ler } (?), n. See Peddler. + +Pe`do*bap"tism (?), n. [Gr. &?;, &?;, a child + E. baptism.] The +baptism of infants or of small children. [Written also pÊdobaptism.] + +Pe`do*bap"tist (?), n. One who advocates or practices infant baptism. +[Written also pÊdobaptist.] + +Ped"o*man`cy (?), n. [Pedi- + -mancy.] Divination by examining the +soles of the feet. + +Pe*dom"e*ter (?), n. [Pedi-, pedo- + -meter: cf. F. pÈdomËtre.] (Mech.) +An instrument for including the number of steps in walking, and so +ascertaining the distance passed over. It is usually in the form of a +watch; an oscillating weight by the motion of the body causes the index +to advance a certain distance at each step. + +{ Ped`o*met"ric (?), Ped`o*met"ric*al (?), } a. Pertaining to, or +measured by, a pedometer. + +Ped`o*mo"tive (?), a. [Pedi-, pedo- + -motive.] Moved or worked by the +action of the foot or feet on a pedal or treadle. + +Pe*dot"ro*phy (?), n. [Gr. &?;, fr. &?;, &?;, a child + &?; to nourish: +cf. F. pÈdotrophie.] The art of nourishing children properly. + +||Pe`dre*gal" (?), n. [Sp., a stony place, fr. piedra stone.] A lava +||field. [Mexico & Western U.S.] + +Pe*dun"cle (?), n. [Formed fr. (assumed) L. pedunculus, dim. of pes, +pedis, a foot: cf. F. pÈdoncule.] 1. (Bot.) The stem or stalk that +supports the flower or fruit of a plant, or a cluster of flowers or +fruits. + +The ultimate divisions or branches of a peduncle are called pedicels. +In the case of a solitary flower, the stalk would be called a peduncle +if the flower is large, and a pedicel if it is small or delicate. + +2. (Zoˆl.) A sort of stem by which certain shells and barnacles are +attached to other objects. See Illust. of Barnacle. + +3. (Anat.) A band of nervous or fibrous matter connecting different +parts of the brain; as, the peduncles of the cerebellum; the peduncles +of the pineal gland. + +Pe*dun"cled (?), a. Having a peduncle; supported on a peduncle; +pedunculate. + +Pe*dun"cu*lar (?), a. [Cf. F. pÈdonculaire.] Of or pertaining to a +peduncle; growing from a peduncle; as, a peduncular tendril. + +||Pe*dun`cu*la"ta (?), n. pl. [NL. See Peduncle.] (Zoˆl.) A division of +||Cirripedia, including the stalked or goose barnacles. + +{ Pe*dun"cu*late (?), Pe*dun"cu*la`ted (?), } a. (Biol.) Having a +peduncle; growing on a peduncle; as, a pedunculate flower; a +pedunculate eye, as in a lobster. + +Pee (?), n. See 1st Pea. + +Pee, n. (Naut.) Bill of an anchor. See Peak, 3 (c). + +Peece (?), n. & v. [Obs.] See Piece. + +||Pee"chi (?), n. (Zoˆl.) The dauw. + +Peek (?), v. i. [OE. piken: cf. F. piquer to pierce, prick, E. pique. +Cf. Peak.] To look slyly, or with the eyes half closed, or through a +crevice; to peep. [Colloq.] + +Peek"a*boo (?), n. A child's game; bopeep. + +Peel (?), n. [OE. pel. Cf. Pile a heap.] A small tower, fort, or +castle; a keep. [Scot.] + +Peel, n. [F. pelle, L. pala.] A spadelike implement, variously used, as +for removing loaves of bread from a baker's oven; also, a T-shaped +implement used by printers and bookbinders for hanging wet sheets of +paper on lines or poles to dry. Also, the blade of an oar. + +Peel, v. t. [Confused with peel to strip, but fr. F. piller to pillage. +See Pill to rob, Pillage.] To plunder; to pillage; to rob. [Obs.] + + But govern ill the nations under yoke, Peeling their provinces. + + +Milton. + +Peel, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Peeled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Peeling.] [F. +peler to pull out the hair, to strip, to peel, fr. L. pilare to deprive +of hair, fr. pilus a hair; or perh. partly fr. F. peler to peel off the +skin, perh. fr. L. pellis skin (cf. Fell skin). Cf. Peruke.] 1. To +strip off the skin, bark, or rind of; to strip by drawing or tearing +off the skin, bark, husks, etc.; to flay; to decorticate; as, to peel +an orange. + + The skillful shepherd peeled me certain wands. + + +Shak. + +2. To strip or tear off; to remove by stripping, as the skin of an +animal, the bark of a tree, etc. + +Peel, v. i. To lose the skin, bark, or rind; to come off, as the skin, +bark, or rind does; -- often used with an adverb; as, the bark peels +easily or readily. + +Peel, n. The skin or rind; as, the peel of an orange. + +Pee"le (?), n. (Zoˆl.) A graceful and swift South African antelope +(Pelea capreola). The hair is woolly, and ash-gray on the back and +sides. The horns are black, long, slender, straight, nearly smooth, and +very sharp. Called also rheeboc, and rehboc. + +Peel"er (?), n. One who peels or strips. + +Peel"er, n. [See Peel to plunder.] A pillager. + +Peel"er, n. A nickname for a policeman; -- so called from Sir Robert +Peel. [British Slang] See Bobby. + +Peel"house` (?), n. See 1st Peel. Sir W. Scott. + +Peen (?), n. [Cf. G. pinne pane of a hammer.] (a) A round-edged, or +hemispherical, end to the head of a hammer or sledge, used to stretch +or bend metal by indentation. (b) The sharp-edged end of the head of a +mason's hammer. [Spelt also pane, pein, and piend.] + +Peen, v. t. To draw, bend, or straighten, as metal, by blows with the +peen of a hammer or sledge. + +Peenge (?), v. i. To complain. [Scot.] + +Peep (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Peeped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Peeping.] [Of +imitative origin; cf. OE. pipen, F. piper, pÈpier, L. pipire, pipare, +pipiare, D. & G. piepen. Senses 2 and 3 perhaps come from a transfer of +sense from the sound which chickens make upon the first breaking of the +shell to the act accompanying it; or perhaps from the influence of +peek, or peak. Cf. Pipe.] 1. To cry, as a chicken hatching or newly +hatched; to chirp; to cheep. + + There was none that moved the wing, or opened the mouth, or peeped. + + +Is. x. 14. + +2. To begin to appear; to look forth from concealment; to make the +first appearance. + + When flowers first peeped, and trees did blossoms bear. + + +Dryden. + +<! p. 1058 !> + +3. To look cautiously or slyly; to peer, as through a crevice; to pry. + + eep through the blanket of the dark. + + +Shak. + + From her cabined loophole peep. + + +Milton. + +Peep sight, an adjustable piece, pierced with a small hole to peep +through in aiming, attached to a rifle or other firearm near the +breech. + +Peep (?), n. 1. The cry of a young chicken; a chirp. + +2. First outlook or appearance. + + Oft have we seen him at the peep of dawn. + + +Gray. + +3. A sly look; a look as through a crevice, or from a place of +concealment. + + To take t' other peep at the stars. + + +Swift. + +4. (Zoˆl.) (a) Any small sandpiper, as the least sandpiper (Trigna +minutilla). (b) The European meadow pipit (Anthus pratensis). + +Peep show, a small show, or object exhibited, which is viewed through +an orifice or a magnifying glass. -- Peep-o'-day boys, the Irish +insurgents of 1784; -- so called from their visiting the house of the +loyal Irish at day break in search of arms. [Cant] + +Peep"er (?), n. 1. A chicken just breaking the shell; a young bird. + +2. One who peeps; a prying person; a spy. + + Who's there? peepers, . . . eavesdroppers? + + +J. Webster. + +3. The eye; as, to close the peepers. [Colloq.] + +Peep"hole` (?), n. A hole, or crevice, through which one may peep +without being discovered. + +Peep"ing hole`. See Peephole. + +Pee"pul tree` (?). [Hind. ppal, Skr. pippala.] (Bot.) A sacred tree +(Ficus religiosa) of the Buddhists, a kind of fig tree which attains +great size and venerable age. See Bo tree. [Written also pippul tree, +and pipal tree.] + +Peer (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Peered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Peering.] +[OF. parir, pareir equiv. to F. paraÓtre to appear, L. parere. Cf. +Appear.] 1. To come in sight; to appear. [Poetic] + + So honor peereth in the meanest habit. + + +Shak. + + See how his gorget peers above his gown! + + +B. Jonson. + +2. [Perh. a different word; cf. OE. piren, LG. piren. Cf. Pry to peep.] +To look narrowly or curiously or intently; to peep; as, the peering +day. Milton. + + Peering in maps for ports, and piers, and roads. + + +Shak. + + As if through a dungeon grate he peered. + + +Coleridge. + +Peer, n. [OE. per, OF. per, F. pair, fr. L. par equal. Cf. Apparel, +Pair, Par, n., Umpire.] 1. One of the same rank, quality, endowments, +character, etc.; an equal; a match; a mate. + + In song he never had his peer. + + +Dryden. + + Shall they consort only with their peers? + + +I. Taylor. + +2. A comrade; a companion; a fellow; an associate. + + He all his peers in beauty did surpass. + + +Spenser. + +3. A nobleman; a member of one of the five degrees of the British +nobility, namely, duke, marquis, earl, viscount, baron; as, a peer of +the realm. + + A noble peer of mickle trust and power. + + +Milton. + +House of Peers, The Peers, the British House of Lords. See Parliament. +-- Spiritual peers, the bishops and archibishops, or lords spiritual, +who sit in the House of Lords. + +Peer v. t. To make equal in rank. [R.] Heylin. + +Peer v. t. To be, or to assume to be, equal. [R.] + +Peer"age (?), n. [See Peer an equal, and cf. Parage.] 1. The rank or +dignity of a peer. Blackstone. + +2. The body of peers; the nobility, collectively. + + When Charlemain with all his peerage fell. + + +Milton. + +Peer"dom (?), n. Peerage; also, a lordship. [Obs.] + +Peer"ess, n. The wife of a peer; a woman ennobled in her own right, or +by right of marriage. + +{ Peer"ie, Peer"y } (?), a. [See 1st Peer, 2.] Inquisitive; suspicious; +sharp. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.] "Two peery gray eyes." Sir W. Scott. + +Peer"less (?), a. Having no peer or equal; matchless; superlative. "Her +peerless feature." Shak. + + Unvailed her peerless light. + + +Milton. + +--Peer"less*ly, adv. -- Peer"less*ness, n. + +Peert (?), a. Same as Peart. + +Peer"weet (?), n. Same as Pewit (a & b). + +Pee"vish (?), a. [OE. pevische; of uncertain origin, perh. from a word +imitative of the noise made by fretful children + -ish.] 1. Habitually +fretful; easily vexed or fretted; hard to please; apt to complain; +querulous; petulant. "Her peevish babe." Wordsworth. + + She is peevish, sullen, froward. + + +Shak. + +2. Expressing fretfulness and discontent, or unjustifiable +dissatisfaction; as, a peevish answer. + +3. Silly; childish; trifling. [Obs.] + + To send such peevish tokens to a king. + + +Shak. + +Syn. -- Querulous; petulant; cross; ill-tempered; testy; captious; +discontented. See Fretful. + +Pee"vish*ly, adv. In a peevish manner. Shak. + +Pee"vish*ness, n. The quality of being peevish; disposition to murmur; +sourness of temper. + +Syn. -- See Petulance. + +{ Pee"vit (?), Pee"wit (?), } n. (Zoˆl.) See Pewit. + +Peg (?), n. [OE. pegge; cf. Sw. pigg, Dan. pig a point, prickle, and E. +peak.] 1. A small, pointed piece of wood, used in fastening boards +together, in attaching the soles of boots or shoes, etc.; as, a shoe +peg. + +2. A wooden pin, or nail, on which to hang things, as coats, etc. +Hence, colloquially and figuratively: A support; a reason; a pretext; +as, a peg to hang a claim upon. + +3. One of the pins of a musical instrument, on which the strings are +strained. Shak. + +4. One of the pins used for marking points on a cribbage board. + +5. A step; a degree; esp. in the slang phrase "To take one down peg." + + To screw papal authority to the highest peg. + + +Barrow. + + And took your grandess down a peg. + + +Hudibras. + +Peg ladder, a ladder with but one standard, into which cross pieces are +inserted. -- Peg tankard, an ancient tankard marked with pegs, so as +divide the liquor into equal portions. "Drink down to your peg." +Longfellow. -- Peg tooth. See Fleam tooth under Fleam. -- Peg top, a +boy's top which is spun by throwing it. -- Screw peg, a small screw +without a head, for fastening soles. + +Peg (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pegged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pegging (?).] +1. To put pegs into; to fasten the parts of with pegs; as, to peg +shoes; to confine with pegs; to restrict or limit closely. + + I will rend an oak And peg thee in his knotty entrails. + + +Shak. + +2. (Cribbage) To score with a peg, as points in the game; as, she +pegged twelwe points. [Colloq.] + +Peg, v. i. To work diligently, as one who pegs shoes; -- usually with +on, at, or away; as, to peg away at a task. + +||Pe`ga*dor" (?), n. [Sp., a sticker.] (Zoˆl.) A species of remora +||(Echeneis naucrates). See Remora. + +Pe*ga"se*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to Pegasus, or, figuratively, to +poetry. + +Peg"a*soid (?), a. [Pegasus + -oid.] (Zoˆl.) Like or pertaining to +Pegasus. + +Peg"a*sus (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?;.] 1. (Gr. Myth.) A winged horse +fabled to have sprung from the body of Medusa when she was slain. He is +noted for causing, with a blow of his hoof, Hippocrene, the inspiring +fountain of the Muses, to spring from Mount Helicon. On this account he +is, in modern times, associated with the Muses, and with ideas of +poetic inspiration. + + Each spurs his jaded Pegasus apace. + + +Byron. + +2. (Astron.) A northen constellation near the vernal equinoctial point. +Its three brightest stars, with the brightest star of Andromeda, form +the square of Pegasus. + +3. (Zoˆl.) A genus of small fishes, having large pectoral fins, and the +body covered with hard, bony plates. Several species are known from the +East Indies and China. + +Peg"ger (?), n. One who fastens with pegs. + +Peg"ging (?), n. The act or process of fastening with pegs. + +Pegm (?), n. [L. pegma a movable stage, Gr. &?;, orig., a framework.] A +sort of moving machine employed in the old pageants. [Obs.] B. Jonson. + +Peg"ma*tite (?), n. [From Gr. &?; something fastened together, in +allusion to the quartz and feldspar in graphic granite: cf. F. +pegmatite. See Pegm.] (Min.) (a) Graphic granite. See under Granite. +(b) More generally, a coarse granite occurring as vein material in +other rocks. + +Peg`ma*tit"ic (?), a. (Min.) Of, pertaining to, or resembling, +pegmatite; as, the pegmatic structure of certain rocks resembling +graphic granite. + +Peg"ma*toid (?), a. [Pegmatite + -oid.] (Min.) Resembling pegmatite; +pegmatic. + +Peg"o*man`cy (?), n. [Gr. phgh` fountain + -mancy.] Divination by +fountains. [R.] + +Peg"roots` (pg"rts`), n. Same as Setterwort. + +Peh"le*vi` (?), n. [Parsee Pahlavi.] An ancient Persian dialect in +which words were partly represented by their Semitic equivalents. It +was in use from the 3d century (and perhaps earlier) to the middle of +the 7th century, and later in religious writings. [Written also +Pahlavi.] + +Pein (?), n. See Peen. + +Pei*ram"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. &?; a trail + -meter.] A dynamometer for +measuring the force required to draw wheel carriages on roads of +different constructions. G. Francis. + +Pei*ras"tic (?), a. [Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to try, fr. &?; a trail.] Fitted +for trail or test; experimental; tentative; treating of attempts. + +Peise (?), n. [See Poise.] A weight; a poise. [Obs.] "To weigh pence +with a peise." Piers Plowman. + +Peise, v. t. To poise or weight. [Obs.] Chaucer. + + Lest leaden slumber peise me down. + + +Shak. + +Pei"trel (?), n. (Anc. Armor) See Peytrel. + +Pe*jor"a*tive (?), a. [F. pÈjoratif, fr. L. pejor, used as compar. of +malus evil.] Implying or imputing evil; depreciatory; disparaging; +unfavorable. + +Pek"an (?), n. [F. pekan.] (Zoˆl.) See Fisher, 2. + +Pek"oe (?), n. [Chin. pih-hoau: cf. F. pekoÎ] A kind of black tea. +[Written also pecco.] + +Pe"la (?), n. (Zoˆl.) See Wax insect, under Wax. + +Pel"age (?), n. [F. pelage, fr. L. pilus hair.] (Zoˆl.) The covering, +or coat, of a mammal, whether of wool, fur, or hair. + +Pe*la"gi*an (?), a. [L. pelagius, Gr. &?;, fr. &?; the sea: cf. F. +pÈlagien.] Of or pertaining to the sea; marine; pelagic; as, pelagian +shells. + +Pe*la"gi*an, n. [L. Pelagianus: cf. F. pÈlagien.] (Eccl. Hist.) A +follower of Pelagius, a British monk, born in the later part of the 4th +century, who denied the doctrines of hereditary sin, of the connection +between sin and death, and of conversion through grace. + +Pe*la"gi*an, a. [Cf. F. pÈlagien.] Of or pertaining to Pelagius, or to +his doctrines. + +Pe*la"gi*an*ism (?), n. [Cf. F. pÈlagianisme.] The doctrines of +Pelagius. + +Pe*lag"ic (?), a. [L. pelagicus.] Of or pertaining to the ocean; -- +applied especially to animals that live at the surface of the ocean, +away from the coast. + +Pel`ar*gon"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, an organic +acid (called also nonoic acid) found in the leaves of the geranium +(Pelargonium) and allied plants. + +||Pel`ar*go"ni*um (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a stork.] (Bot.) A large +||genus of plants of the order GeraniaceÊ, differing from Geranium in +||having a spurred calyx and an irregular corolla. + +About one hundred and seventy species are known, nearly all of them +natives of South Africa, and many having very beautiful blossoms. See +the Note under Geranium. + +{ Pe*las"gi*an (?), Pe*las"gic (?), } a. [L. Pelasgus, Gr. &?; a +Pelasgian.] 1. Of or pertaining to the Pelasgians, an ancient people of +Greece, of roving habits. + +2. (Zoˆl.) Wandering. + +Pel"e*can (?), n. (Zoˆl.) See Pelican. + +||Pel`e*can`i*for"mes (?), n. pl. [NL. See Pelican, and -form.] (Zoˆl.) +||Those birds that are related to the pelican; the Totipalmi. + +Pel"e*coid (?), n. [Gr. &?; a hatchet + -oid.] (Geom.) A figure, +somewhat hatched-shaped, bounded by a semicircle and two inverted +quadrants, and equal in area to the square ABCD inclosed by the chords +of the four quadrants. [Written also pelicoid.] Math. Dict. + +||Pel`e*cyp"o*da (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a hatchet + -poda.] +||(Zoˆl.) Same as Lamellibranchia. + +Pel"e*grine (?), a. See Peregrine. [Obs.] + +Pel"er*ine (?), n. [F. pËlerine a tippet, fr. pËlerin a pilgrim, fr. L. +peregrinus foreign, alien. See Pilgrim.] A woman's cape; especially, a +fur cape that is longer in front than behind. + +Pelf (?), n. [OE. pelfir booty, OF. pelfre, akin to pelfrer to plunder, +and perh. to E. pillage. Cf. Pilfer.] Money; riches; lucre; gain; -- +generally conveying the idea of something ill-gotten or worthless. It +has no plural. "Mucky pelf." Spenser. "Paltry pelf." Burke. + + Can their pelf prosper, not got by valor or industry? + + +Fuller. + +Pelf"ish, a. Of or pertaining to pelf. Stanyhurst. + +{ Pel"fray (?), Pel"fry (?), } n. Pelf; also, figuratively, rubbish; +trash. [Obs.] Cranmer. + +Pel"i*can (?), n. [F. pÈlican, L. pelicanus, pelecanus, Gr. &?;, &?;, +&?;, the woodpecker, and also a water bird of the pelican kind, fr. &?; +to hew with an ax, akin to Skr. paraÁu.] [Written also pelecan.] 1. +(Zoˆl.) Any large webfooted bird of the genus Pelecanus, of which about +a dozen species are known. They have an enormous bill, to the lower +edge of which is attached a pouch in which captured fishes are +temporarily stored. + +The American white pelican (Pelecanus erythrorhynchos) and the brown +species (P. fuscus) are abundant on the Florida coast in winter, but +breed about the lakes in the Rocky Mountains and British America. + +2. (Old Chem.) A retort or still having a curved tube or tubes leading +back from the head to the body for continuous condensation and +redistillation. + +The principle is still employed in certain modern forms of distilling +apparatus. + +Frigate pelican (Zoˆl.), the frigate bird. See under Frigate. -- +Pelican fish (Zoˆl.), deep-sea fish (Eurypharynx pelecanoides) of the +order Lyomeri, remarkable for the enormous development of the jaws, +which support a large gular pouch. -- Pelican flower (Bot.), the very +large and curiously shaped blossom of a climbing plant (Aristolochia +grandiflora) of the West Indies; also, the plant itself. -- Pelican +ibis (Zoˆl.), a large Asiatic wood ibis (Tantalus leucocephalus). The +head and throat are destitute of feathers; the plumage is white, with +the quills and the tail greenish black. -- Pelican in her piety (in +heraldry and symbolical art), a representation of a pelican in the act +of wounding her breast in order to nourish her young with her blood; -- +a practice fabulously attributed to the bird, on account of which it +was adopted as a symbol of the Redeemer, and of charity. -- Pelican's +foot (Zoˆl.), a marine gastropod shell of the genus Aporrhais, esp. +Aporrhais pes-pelicani of Europe. + +Pel"ick (?), n. (Zoˆl.) The American coot (Fulica). + +Pel"i*coid (?), n. See Pelecoid. + +||Pel`i*co*sau"ri*a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a wooden bowl (but +||taken to mean, pelvis) + &?; a lizard.] (Paleon.) A suborder of +||Theromorpha, including terrestrial reptiles from the Permian +||formation. + +Pe"li*om (?), n. [See Pelioma.] (Min.) A variety of iolite, of a smoky +blue color; pelioma. + +||Pe`li*o"ma (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?; livid.] 1. (Med.) A +||livid ecchymosis. + +2. (Min.) See Peliom. + +Pe*lisse" (?), n. [F., fr. L. pelliceus, pellicius, made of skins, fr. +pellis a skin. Cf. Pelt skin, Pilch, and see 2d Pell.] An outer garment +for men or women, originally of fur, or lined with fur; a lady's outer +garment, made of silk or other fabric. + +Pell (?), v. t. [Cf. Pelt, v. t.] To pelt; to knock about. [Obs.] +Holland. + +Pell, n. [OF. pel, F. peau, L. pellis a skin. See Fell a skin.] 1. A +skin or hide; a pelt. + +2. A roll of parchment; a parchment record. + +Clerk of the pells, formerly, an officer of the exchequer who entered +accounts on certain parchment rolls, called pell rolls. [Eng.] + +Pel"lack (?), n. [Cf. Gael. Peileag.] (Zoˆl.) A porpoise. + +Pell"age (pl"j), n. [See 2d Pell.] A customs duty on skins of leather. + +<! p. 1059 !> + +Pel"la*gra (pl"l*gr), n. (Med.) An erythematous affection of the skin, +with severe constitutional and nervous symptoms, endemic in Northern +Italy. + +Pel"la*grin (?), n. One who is afficted with pellagra. Chambers's +Encyc. + +Pel"let (?), n. [F. pelote, LL. pelota, pilota, fr. L. pila a ball. Cf. +Platoon.] 1. A little ball; as, a pellet of wax &?; paper. + +2. A bullet; a ball for firearms. [Obs.] Bacon. + + As swift as a pellet out of a gun. + + +Chaucer. + +Pellet molding (Arch.), a narrow band ornamented with smalt, flat +disks. + +Pel"let, v.&?;. To form into small balls. [Obs.] Shak. + +Pel"let*ed, a. Made of, or like, pellets; furnished with pellets. [R.] +"This pelleted storm." Shak. + +||Pel`li*bran`chi*a"ta (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. pellis garment + branchia +||a gill.] (Zoˆl.) A division of Nudibranchiata, in which the mantle +||itself serves as a gill. + +Pel"li*cle (?), n. [L. pellicu&?;a, dim. of pellis skin: cf. F. +pellicule.] 1. A thin skin or film. + +2. (Chem.) A thin film formed on the surface of an evaporating +solution. + +Pel*lic"u*lar (?), a. Of or pertaining to a pellicle. Henslow. + +Pel*li"le (?), n. (Zoˆl.) The redshank; -- so called from its note. +[Prov. Eng.] + +Pel"li*to*ry (?), n. [OE. paritorie, OF. paritoire, F. pariÈtaire; (cf. +It. & Sp. parietaria), L. parietaria the parietary, or pellitory, the +wall plant, fr. parietarus belonging to the walls, fr. paries, parietis +a wall. Cf. Parietary.] (Bot.) The common name of the several species +of the genus Parietaria, low, harmless weeds of the Nettle family; -- +also called wall pellitory, and lichwort. + +Parietaria officinalis is common on old walls in Europe; P. +pennsylvanica is found in the United States; and six or seven more +species are found near the Mediterranean, or in the Orient. + +Pel"li*to*ry, n. [Sp. pelitre, fr. L. pyrethrum. See Bertram.] (Bot.) +(a) A composite plant (Anacyclus Pyrethrum) of the Mediterranean +region, having finely divided leaves and whitish flowers. The root is +the officinal pellitory, and is used as an irritant and sialogogue. +Called also bertram, and pellitory of Spain. (b) The feverfew +(Chrysanthemum Parthenium); -- so called because it resembles the +above. + +Pell`-mell" (&?;), n. See Pall- mall. + +Pell`mell", adv. [F. pÍle- mÍle, prob. fr. pelle a shovel + mÍler to +mix, as when different kinds of grain are heaped up and mixed with a +shovel. See Pell shovel, Medley.] In utter confusion; with confused +violence. "Men, horses, chariots, crowded pellmell." Milton. + +Pel*lu"cid (?), a. [L. pellucidus; per (see Per-) + lucidus clear, +bright: cf. F. pellucide.] Transparent; clear; limpid; translucent; not +opaque. "Pellucid crystal." Dr. H. More. "Pellucid streams." +Wordsworth. + +{ Pel`lu*cid"i*ty (?), Pel*lu"cid*ness (?), } n. [L. pelluciditas.] The +quality or state of being pellucid; transparency; translucency; +clearness; as, the pellucidity of the air. Locke. + +Pel*lu"cid*ly, adv. In a pellucid manner. + +||Pel"ma (?), n.; pl. Pelmata (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?;.] (Zoˆl.) The +||under surface of the foot. + +Pe*lo"pi*um (?), n. [NL., fr. L. Pelops, brother of Niobe, Gr. &?;.] +(Chem.) A supposed new metal found in columbite, afterwards shown to be +identical with columbium, or niobium. + +Pel`o*pon*ne"sian (?), a. [L. Peloponnesius, fr. Peloponnesus, Gr. &?;, +lit., the Island of Pelops; &?;, &?;, Pelops + &?; an island.] Of or +pertaining to the Peloponnesus, or southern peninsula of Greece. -- n. +A native or an inhabitant of the Peloponnesus. + +||Pe*lo"ri*a (?), n. [NL., from Gr. &?; monstrous.] (Bot.) Abnormal +||regularity; the state of certain flowers, which, being naturally +||irregular, have become regular through a symmetrical repetition of +||the special irregularity. + +Pe*lo"ric (?), a. (Bot.) Abnormally regular or symmetrical. Darwin. + +Pel"o*tage (?), n. [F.] Packs or bales of Spanish wool. + +Pelt (?), n. [Cf. G. pelz a pelt, fur, fr. OF. pelice, F. pelisse (see +Pelisse); or perh. shortened fr. peltry.] 1. The skin of a beast with +the hair on; a raw or undressed hide; a skin preserved with the hairy +or woolly covering on it. See 4th Fell. Sir T. Browne. + + Raw pelts clapped about them for their clothes. + + +Fuller. + +2. The human skin. [Jocose] Dryden. + +3. (Falconry) The body of any quarry killed by the hawk. + +Pelt rot, a disease affecting the hair or wool of a beast. + +Pelt, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pelted; p. pr. & vb. n. Pelting.] [OE. +pelten, pulten, pilten, to thrust, throw, strike; cf. L. pultare, +equiv. to pulsare (v. freq. fr. pellere to drive), and E. pulse a +beating.] 1. To strike with something thrown or driven; to assail with +pellets or missiles, as, to pelt with stones; pelted with hail. + + The children billows seem to pelt the clouds. + + +Shak. + +2. To throw; to use as a missile. + + My Phillis me with pelted apples plies. + + +Dryden. + +Pelt, v. i. 1. To throw missiles. Shak. + +2. To throw out words. [Obs.] + + Another smothered seems to peltand swear. + + +Shak. + +Pelt, n. A blow or stroke from something thrown. + +||Pel"ta (?), n.; pl. PeltÊ. [L., a shield, fr. Gr. &?;.] 1. (Antiq.) A +||small shield, especially one of an approximately elliptic form, or +||crescent-shaped. + +2. (Bot.) A flat apothecium having no rim. + +{ Pel"tate (?), Pel"ta*ted (?), } a. [Cf. F. peltÈ. See Pelta.] +Shield-shaped; scutiform; (Bot.) having the stem or support attached to +the lower surface, instead of at the base or margin; -- said of a leaf +or other organ. -- Pel"tate*ly (#), adv. + +Pelt"er (?), n. One who pelts. + +Pel"ter (?), n. A pinchpenny; a mean, sordid person; a miser; a +skinflint. [Obs.] "Let such pelters prate." Gascoigne. + +Pel"ti*form (?), a. [Pelta + - form.] Shieldlike, with the outline +nearly circular; peltate. Henslow. + +Pel"ting (?), a. Mean; paltry. [Obs.] Shak. + +Pelt"ry (?), n. [F. pelleterie peltry, furriery, fr. pelletier a +furrier, fr. OF. pel skin, F. peau, L. pelis. See Pelt a skin, Pell, +n., Fell a skin.] Pelts or skins, collectively; skins with the fur on +them; furs. + +Pelt"ry*ware` (?), n. Peltry. [Obs.] + +||Pe*lu"do (?), n. [Sp. peludo hairy.] (Zoˆl.) The South American hairy +||armadillo (Dasypus villosus). + +Pe*lu"si*ac (?), a. [L. Pelusiacus.] Of or pertaining to Pelusium, an +ancient city of Egypt; as, the Pelusiac (or former eastern) outlet of +the Nile. + +Pel"vic (?), a. Of, pertaining to, or in the region of, the pelvis; as, +pelvic cellulitis. + +Pelvic arch, or Pelvic girdle (Anat.), the two or more bony or +cartilaginous pieces of the vertebrate skeleton to which the hind limbs +are articulated. When fully ossified, the arch usually consists of +three principal bones on each side, the ilium, ischium, and pubis, +which are often closely united in the adult, forming the innominate +bone. See Innominate bone, under Innominate. + +Pel*vim"e*ter (?), n. [Pelvis + -meter.: cf. F. pelvimËtre.] An +instrument for measuring the dimensions of the pelvis. Coxe. + +Pel"vis (?), n. [L., a basin, laver; cf. Gr. &?;, &?;, bowl.] 1. +(Anat.) The pelvic arch, or the pelvic arch together with the sacrum. +See Pelvic arch, under Pelvic, and Sacrum. + +2. (Zoˆl.) The calyx of a crinoid. + +Pelvis of the kidney (Anat.), the basinlike cavity into which the +ureter expands as it joins the kidney. + +Pem"mi*can (?), n. [Written also pemican.] 1. Among the North American +Indians, meat cut in thin slices, divested of fat, and dried in the +sun. + + Then on pemican they feasted. + + +Longfellow. + +2. Meat, without the fat, cut in thin slices, dried in the sun, +pounded, then mixed with melted fat and sometimes dried fruit, and +compressed into cakes or in bags. It contains much nutriment in small +compass, and is of great use in long voyages of exploration. + +||Pem*phi"gus (?), n. [Nl., fr. Gr. &?;, &?;, a bubble.] (Med.) A +||somewhat rare skin disease, characterized by the development of blebs +||upon different part of the body. Quain. + +Pen (?), n. [OE. penne, OF. penne, pene, F. penne, fr. L. penna.] 1. A +feather. [Obs.] Spenser. + +2. A wing. [Obs.] Milton. + +3. An instrument used for writing with ink, formerly made of a reed, or +of the quill of a goose or other bird, but now also of other materials, +as of steel, gold, etc. Also, originally, a stylus or other instrument +for scratching or graving. + + Graven with an iron pen and lead in the rock. + + +Job xix. 24. + +4. Fig.: A writer, or his style; as, he has a sharp pen. "Those learned +pens." Fuller. + +5. (Zoˆl.) The internal shell of a squid. + +6. [Etymol. uncertain.] (Zoˆl.) A female swan. [Prov. Eng.] + +Bow pen. See Bow-pen. -- Dotting pen, a pen for drawing dotted lines. +-- Drawing, or Ruling, pen, a pen for ruling lines having a pair of +blades between which the ink is contained. -- Fountain pen, Geometric +pen. See under Fountain, and Geometric. -- Music pen, a pen having five +points for drawing the five lines of the staff. -- Pen and ink, or pen- +and-ink, executed or done with a pen and ink; as, a pen and ink sketch. +-- Pen feather. A pin feather. [Obs.] -- Pen name. See under Name. -- +Sea pen (Zoˆl.), a pennatula. [Usually written sea- pen.] + +Pen, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Penned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Penning (?).] To +write; to compose and commit to paper; to indite; to compose; as, to +pen a sonnet. "A prayer elaborately penned." Milton. + +Pen, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Penned (?) or Pent (&?;); p. pr. & vb. n. +Penning.] [OE. pennen, AS. pennan in on-pennan to unfasten, prob. from +the same source as pin, and orig. meaning, to fasten with a peg.See +Pin, n. & v.] To shut up, as in a pen or cage; to confine in a small +inclosure or narrow space; to coop up, or shut in; to inclose. "Away +with her, and pen her up." Shak. + + Watching where shepherds pen their flocks at eve. + + +Milton. + +Pen, n. [From Pen to shut in.] A small inclosure; as, a pen for sheep +or for pigs. + + My father stole two geese out of a pen. + + +Shak. + +Pe"nal (?), a. [L. poenalis, fr. poena punishment: cf. F. pÈnal. See +Pain.] Of or pertaining to punishment, to penalties, or to crimes and +offenses; pertaining to criminal jurisprudence: as: (a) Enacting or +threatening punishment; as, a penal statue; the penal code. (b) +Incurring punishment; subject to a penalty; as, a penalact of offense. +(c) Inflicted as punishment; used as a means of punishment; as, a penal +colony or settlement. "Adamantine chains and penal fire." Milton. + +Penal code (Law), a code of laws concerning crimes and offenses and +their punishment. -- Penal laws, Penal statutes (Law), laws prohibited +certain acts, and imposing penalties for committing them. -- Penal +servitude, imprisonment with hard labor, in a prison, in lieu of +transportation. [Great Brit.] -- Penal suit, Penal action (Law), a suit +for penalties. + +Pe*nal"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. LL. poenalitas. See Penalty.] The quality or +state of being penal; lability to punishment. Sir T. Browne. + +Pe"nal*ize (?), v. t. 1. To make penal. + +2. (Sport.) To put a penalty on. See Penalty, 3. [Eng.] + +Pe"nal*ly (?), adv. In a penal manner. + +Pe"nal*ty (?), n.; pl. Penalties (#). [F. pÈnalitÈ. See Penal.] 1. +Penal retribution; punishment for crime or offense; the suffering in +person or property which is annexed by law or judicial decision to the +commission of a crime, offense, or trespass. + + Death is the penalty imposed. + + +Milton. + +2. The suffering, or the sum to be forfeited, to which a person +subjects himself by covenant or agreement, in case of nonfulfillment of +stipulations; forfeiture; fine. + + The penalty and forfeit of my bond. + + +Shak. + +3. A handicap. [Sporting Cant] + +The term penalty is in law mostly applied to a pecuniary punishment. + +Bill of pains and penalties. See under Bill. -- On, or Under, penalty +of, on pain of; with exposure to the penalty of, in case of +transgression. + +Pen"ance (?), n. [OF. penance, peneance, L. paenitentia repentance. See +Penitence.] 1. Repentance. [Obs.] Wyclif (Luke xv. 7). + +2. Pain; sorrow; suffering. [Obs.] "Joy or penance he feeleth none." +Chaucer. + +3. (Eccl.) A means of repairing a sin committed, and obtaining pardon +for it, consisting partly in the performance of expiatory rites, partly +in voluntary submission to a punishment corresponding to the +transgression. Penance is the fourth of seven sacraments in the Roman +Catholic Church. Schaff- Herzog Encyc. + + And bitter penance, with an iron whip. + + +Spenser. + + Quoth he, "The man hath penance done, And penance more will do." + + +Coleridge. + +Pen"ance, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Penanced (?).] To impose penance; to +punish. "Some penanced lady elf." Keats. + +Pen"ance*less, a. Free from penance. [R.] + +Pe*nang" nut` (?). [From the native name.] (Bot.) The betel nut. +Balfour (Cyc. of India). + +Pen*an"nu*lar (?), a. [L. pene, paene, almost + E. annular.] Nearly +annular; having nearly the form of a ring. "Penannular relics." D. +Wilson. + +Pe"na*ry (?), a. Penal. [Obs.] Gauden. + +||Pe*na"tes (?), n. pl. [L.] (Rom. Antiq.) The household gods of the +||ancient Romans. They presided over the home and the family hearth. +||See Lar. + +Pen"aunt (?), n. [OF. penant, peneant. See Penitent.] A penitent. +[Obs.] Chaucer. + +Pence (?), n., pl. of Penny. See Penny. + +Pen"cel (?), n. [See Pennoncel.] A small, narrow flag or streamer borne +at the top of a lance; -- called also pennoncel. [Obs.] Piers Plowman. +Chaucer. + +||Pen`chant" (?), n. [F., fr. pencher to bend, fr. (assumed) LL. +||pendicare, L. pendere. See Pendant.] Inclination; decided taste; +||bias; as, a penchant for art. + +Pen"chute` (?), n. See Penstock. + +Pen"cil (?), n. [OF. pincel, F. pinceau, L. penicillum, penicillus, +equiv. to peniculus, dim. of penis a tail. Cf. Penicil.] 1. A small, +fine brush of hair or bristles used by painters for laying on colors. + + With subtile pencil depainted was this storie. + + +Chaucer. + +2. A slender cylinder or strip of black lead, colored chalk, slate +etc., or such a cylinder or strip inserted in a small wooden rod +intended to be pointed, or in a case, which forms a handle, -- used for +drawing or writing. See Graphite. + +3. Hence, figuratively, an artist's ability or peculiar manner; also, +in general, the act or occupation of the artist, descriptive writer, +etc. + +4. (Opt.) An aggregate or collection of rays of light, especially when +diverging from, or converging to, a point. + +5. (Geom.) A number of lines that intersect in one point, the point of +intersection being called the pencil point. + +6. (Med.) A small medicated bougie. + +Pencil case, a holder for pencil lead. - - Pencil flower (Bot.), an +American perennial leguminous herb (Stylosanthes elatior). -- Pencil +lead, a slender rod of black lead, or the like, adapted for insertion +in a holder. + +Pen"cil, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Penciled (?) or Pencilled; p. pr. & vb. n. +Penciling or Pencilling.] To write or mark with a pencil; to paint or +to draw. Cowper. + + Where nature pencils butterflies on flowers. + + +Harte. + +Pen"ciled (?), a. [Written also pencilled.] 1. Painted, drawn, +sketched, or marked with a pencil. + +2. Radiated; having pencils of rays. + +3. (Nat. Hist.) Marked with parallel or radiating lines. + +Pen"cil*ing (?), n. [Written also pencilling.] 1. The work of the +pencil or bruch; as, delicate penciling in a picture. + +2. (Brickwork) Lines of white or black paint drawn along a mortar joint +in a brick wall. Knight. + +{ Pen"cil*late (?), Pen"cil*la`ted (?), } a. Shaped like a pencil; +penicillate. + +Pen"craft (?), n. 1. Penmanship; skill in writing; chirography. + +2. The art of composing or writing; authorship. + + I would not give a groat for that person's knowledge in pencraft. + + +Sterne. + +<! p. 1060 !> + +Pend (?), n. Oil cake; penock. [India] + +Pend, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Pended; p. pr. & vb. n. Pending.] [L. +pendere.] 1. To hang; to depend. [R.] + + Pending upon certain powerful motions. + + +I. Taylor. + +2. To be undecided, or in process of adjustment. + +Pend, v. t. [Cf. pen to shut in, or AS. pyndan, E. pound an inclosure.] +To pen; to confine. [R.] + + ended within the limits . . . of Greece. + + +Udall. + +Pend"ant (?), n. [F., orig. p. pr. of pendre to hang, L. pendere. Cf. +Pendent, Pansy, Pensive, Poise, Ponder.] 1. Something which hangs or +depends; something suspended; a hanging appendage, especially one of an +ornamental character; as to a chandelier or an eardrop; also, an +appendix or addition, as to a book. + + Some hang upon the pendants of her ear. + + +Pope. + + Many . . . have been pleased with this work and its pendant, the + Tales and Popular Fictions. + + +Keightley. + +2. (Arch.) A hanging ornament on roofs, ceilings, etc., much used in +the later styles of Gothic architecture, where it is of stone, and an +important part of the construction. There are imitations in plaster and +wood, which are mere decorative features. "[A bridge] with . . . +pendants graven fair." Spenser. + +3. (Fine Arts) One of a pair; a counterpart; as, one vase is the +pendant to the other vase. + +4. A pendulum. [Obs.] Sir K. Digby. + +5. The stem and ring of a watch, by which it is suspended. [U.S.] +Knight. + +Pendant post (Arch.), a part of the framing of an open timber roof; a +post set close against the wall, and resting upon a corbel or other +solid support, and supporting the ends of a collar beam or any part of +the roof. + +Pend"ence (?), n. [See Pendent.] Slope; inclination. [Obs.] Sir H. +Wotton. + +Pend"en*cy (?), n. 1. The quality or state of being pendent or +suspended. + +2. The quality or state of being undecided, or in continuance; +suspense; as, the pendency of a suit. Ayliffe. + +Pend"ent (?), a. [L. pendens, -entis, p. pr. of pendere to hang, to be +suspended. Cf. Pendant.] 1. Supported from above; suspended; depending; +pendulous; hanging; as, a pendent leaf. "The pendent world." Shak. + + Often their tresses, when shaken, with pendent icicles tinkle. + + +Longfellow. + +2. Jutting over; projecting; overhanging. "A vapor sometime like a . . +. pendent rock." Shak. + +Pen*den"tive (?), n. [F. pendentif, fr. L. pendere to hang.] (Arch.) +(a) The portion of a vault by means of which the square space in the +middle of a building is brought to an octagon or circle to receive a +cupola. (b) The part of a groined vault which is supported by, and +springs from, one pier or corbel. + +Pend"ent*ly, adv. In a pendent manner. + +Pen"dice (?), n. [Cf. Pentice.] A sloping roof; a lean-to; a penthouse. +[Obs.] Fairfax. + +Pen"di*cle (?), n. [Cf. Appendicle.] An appendage; something dependent +on another; an appurtenance; a pendant. Sir W. Scott. + +Pen*di*cler (?), n. An inferior tenant; one who rents a pendicle or +croft. [Scot.] Jamieson. + +Pend"ing (?), a. [L. pendere to hang, to be suspended. Cf. Pendent.] +Not yet decided; in continuance; in suspense; as, a pending suit. + +Pend"ing, prep. During; as, pending the trail. + +Pen"drag*on (?), n. A chief leader or a king; a head; a dictator; -- a +title assumed by the ancient British chiefs when called to lead other +chiefs. + + The dread Pendragon, Britain's king of kings. + + +Tennyson. + +Pen"du*lar (?), a. Pendulous. + +Pen"du*late (?), v. i. To swing as a pendulum. [R.] + +Pen"dule (?), n. [F.] A pendulum. [R.] Evelyn. + +||Pen"du`line (?), n. [F. See Pendulum.] (Zoˆl.) A European titmouse +||(Parus, or ∆githalus, pendulinus). It is noted for its elegant +||pendulous purselike nest, made of the down of willow trees and lined +||with feathers. + +Pen`du*los"i*ty (?), n. [See Pendulous.] The state or quality of being +pendulous. Sir T. Browne. + +Pen"du*lous (?), a. [L. pendulus, fr. pendere to hang. Cf. Pendant, and +cf. Pendulum.] 1. Depending; pendent loosely; hanging; swinging. Shak. +"The pendulous round earth." Milton. + +2. Wavering; unstable; doubtful. [R.] "A pendulous state of mind." +Atterbury. + +3. (Bot.) Inclined or hanging downwards, as a flower on a recurved +stalk, or an ovule which hangs from the upper part of the ovary. + +Pen"du*lous*ly, adv. In a pendulous manner. + +Pen"du*lous*ness, n. The quality or state of being pendulous; the state +of hanging loosely; pendulosity. + +Pen"du*lum (?), n.; pl. Pendulums (#). [NL., fr. L. pendulus hanging, +swinging. See Pendulous.] A body so suspended from a fixed point as to +swing freely to and fro by the alternate action of gravity and +momentum. It is used to regulate the movements of clockwork and other +machinery. + +The time of oscillation of a pendulum is independent of the arc of +vibration, provided this arc be small. + +Ballistic pendulum. See under Ballistic. -- Compensation pendulum, a +clock pendulum in which the effect of changes of temperature of the +length of the rod is so counteracted, usually by the opposite expansion +of differene metals, that the distance of the center of oscillation +from the center of suspension remains invariable; as, the mercurial +compensation pendulum, in which the expansion of the rod is compensated +by the opposite expansion of mercury in a jar constituting the bob; the +gridiron pendulum, in which compensation is effected by the opposite +expansion of sets of rodsof different metals. -- Compound pendulum, an +ordinary pendulum; -- so called, as being made up of different parts, +and contrasted with simple pendulum. -- Conical or Revolving, pendulum, +a weight connected by a rod with a fixed point; and revolving in a +horizontal cyrcle about the vertical from that point. -- Pendulum bob, +the weight at the lower end of a pendulum. -- Pendulum level, a plumb +level. See under Level. -- Pendulum wheel, the balance of a watch. -- +Simple or Theoretical, pendulum, an imaginary pendulum having no +dimensions except length, and no weight except at the center of +oscillation; in other words, a material point suspended by an ideal +line. + +||Pe*nel"o*pe (p*nl"*p), n. [From. L. Penelope, the wife of Ulysses, +||the hero of the Odyssey, Gr. Phnelo`ph.] (Zoˆl.) A genus of +||curassows, including the guans. + +Pen`e*tra*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. pÈnÈtrabilitÈ.] The quality of being +penetrable; susceptibility of being penetrated, entered, or pierced. +Cheyne. + +Pen"e*tra*ble (?), a. [L. penetrabilus: cf. F. pÈnÈtrable.] Capable of +being penetrated, entered, or pierced. Used also figuratively. + + And pierce his only penetrable part. + + +Dryden. + + I am not made of stones, But penetrable to your kind entreats. + + +Shak. + +-- Pen"e*tra*ble*ness, n. -- Pen"e*tra*bly, adv. + +Pen"e*trail (?), n. Penetralia. [Obs.] Harvey. + +||Pen`e*tra"li*a (?), n. pl. [L., fr. penetralis penetrating, internal. +||See Penetrate.] 1. The recesses, or innermost parts, of any thing or +||place, especially of a temple or palace. + +2. Hidden things or secrets; privacy; sanctuary; as, the sacred +penetralia of the home. + +{ Pen"e*trance (?), Pen"e*tran*cy (?), } n. The quality or state of +being penetrant; power of entering or piercing; penetrating power of +quality; as, the penetrancy of subtile effluvia. + +Pen"e*trant (?), a. [L. penetrans, p. pr. of penetrare: cf. F. +pÈnÈtrant.] Having power to enter or pierce; penetrating; sharp; +subtile; as, penetrant cold. "Penetrant and powerful arguments." Boyle. + +Pen"e*trate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Penetrated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Penetrating.] [L. penetratus, p. p. of penetrare to penetrate; akin to +penitus inward, inwardly, and perh. to pens with, in the power of, +penus store of food, innermost part of a temple.] 1. To enter into; to +make way into the interior of; to effect an entrance into; to pierce; +as, light penetrates darkness. + +2. To affect profoundly through the senses or feelings; to touch with +feeling; to make sensible; to move deeply; as, to penetrate one's heart +with pity. Shak. + + The translator of Homer should penetrate himself with a sense of + the plainness and directness of Homer's style. + + +M. Arnold. + +3. To pierce into by the mind; to arrive at the inner contents or +meaning of, as of a mysterious or difficult subject; to comprehend; to +understand. + + Things which here were too subtile for us to penetrate. + + +Ray. + +Pen"e*trate, v. i. To pass; to make way; to pierce. Also used +figuratively. + + Preparing to penetrate to the north and west. + + +J. R. Green. + + Born where Heaven's influence scarce can penetrate. + + +Pope. + + The sweet of life that penetrates so near. + + +Daniel. + +Pen"e*tra`ting (?), a. 1. Having the power of entering, piercing, or +pervading; sharp; subtile; penetrative; as, a penetrating odor. + +2. Acute; discerning; sagacious; quick to discover; as, a penetrating +mind. + +Pen"e*tra`ting*ly, adv. In a penetrating manner. + +Pen"e*tra`tion (?), n. [L. penetratio: cf. F. pÈnÈtration.] 1. The act +or process of penetrating, piercing, or entering; also, the act of +mentally penetrating into, or comprehending, anything difficult. + + And to each in ward part, With gentle penetration, though unseen, + Shoots invisible virtue even to the deep. + + +Milton. + + A penetration into the difficulties of algebra. + + +Watts. + +2. Acuteness; insight; sharp discoverment; sagacity; as, a person of +singular penetration. Walpole. + +Syn. -- Discernment; sagacity; acuteness; sharpness; discrimination. +See Discernment, and Sagacity. + +Pen"e*tra*tive (?), a. [Cf. F. pÈnÈtratif.] 1. Tending to penetrate; of +a penetrating quality; piercing; as, the penetrative sun. + + His look became keen and penetrative. + + +Hawthorne. + +2. Having the power to affect or impress the mind or heart; impressive; +as, penetrative shame. Shak. + +3. Acute; discerning; sagacious; as, penetrative wisdom. "The +penetrative eye." Wordsworth. + + Led on by skill of penetrative soul. + + +Grainger. + +Pen"e*tra*tive*ness, n. The quality of being penetrative. + +Pen"fish` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) A squid. + +Pen"fold` (?), n. See Pinfold. + +Pen"go*lin (?), n. (Zoˆl.)The pangolin. + +Pen"guin (?), n. [Perh. orig. the name of another bird, and fr. W. pen +head + gwyn white; or perh. from a native South American name.] 1. +(Zoˆl.) Any bird of the order Impennes, or Ptilopteri. They are covered +with short, thick feathers, almost scalelike on the wings, which are +without true quills. They are unable to fly, but use their wings to aid +in diving, in which they are very expert. See King penguin, under +Jackass. + +Penguins are found in the south temperate and antarctic regions. The +king penguins (Aptenodytes Patachonica, and A. longirostris) are the +largest; the jackass penguins (Spheniscus) and the rock hoppers +(Catarractes) congregate in large numbers at their breeding grounds. + +2. (Bot.) The egg-shaped fleshy fruit of a West Indian plant (Bromelia +Pinguin) of the Pineapple family; also, the plant itself, which has +rigid, pointed, and spiny- toothed leaves, and is used for hedges. +[Written also pinguin.] + +Arctic penguin (Zoˆl.), the great auk. See Auk. + +Pen"guin*er*y (?), n. (Zoˆl.) A breeding place, or rookery, of +penguins. + +Pen"hold`er (?), n. A handle for a pen. + +Pen"house` (?), n. A penthouse. [Obs.] + +Pen*i"ble (?), a. [OF. penible. Cf. Painable.] Painstaking; assidous. +[Obs.] Chaucer. + +Pen"i*cil (?), n. [L. penicillum, penicillus, a painter's brush, a roil +of lint, a tent for wounds.] (mented.) A tent or pledget for wounds or +ulcers. + +Pen`i*cil"late (?), a. [Cf. F. pÈnicillÈ. See Penicil.] (Biol.) Having +the form of a pencil; furnished with a pencil of fine hairs; ending in +a tuft of hairs like a camel's-hair brush, as the stigmas of some +grasses. + +Pen`i*cil"li*form (?), a. (Bot.) Penicillate. + +Pen*in"su*la (?), n. [L. peninsula or paeninsula; paene almost + insula +an island. See Isle.] A portion of land nearly surrounded by water, and +connected with a larger body by a neck, or isthmus. + +Pen*in"su*lar (?), a. [Cf. F. pÈninsulaire.] Of or pertaining to a +peninsula; as, a peninsular form; peninsular people; the peninsular +war. + +Pen*in"su*late (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Peninsulated (?); p. pr. & vb. +n. Peninsulating.] To form into a peninsula. + + South River . . . peninsulates Castle Hill farm. + + +W. Bentley. + +Pe"nis (p"ns), n. [L.] (Anat.) The male member, or organ of generation. + +Pen"i*tence (?), n. [F. pÈnitence, L. paenitentia. See Penitent, and +cf. Penance.] The quality or condition of being penitent; the +disposition of a penitent; sorrow for sins or faults; repentance; +contrition. "Penitence of his old guilt." Chaucer. + + Death is deferred, and penitenance has room To mitigate, if not + reverse, the doom. + + +Dryden. + +Syn. -- Repentance; contrition; compunction. + +Pen"i*ten*cer (?), n. [F. pÈnitencier.] A priest who heard confession +and enjoined penance in extraordinary cases. [Written also penitenser.] +[Obs.] Chaucer. + +Pen"i*ten*cy (?), n. Penitence. [Obs.] + +Pen"i*tent (?), a. [F. pÈnitent, L. paenitens, -entis, poenitens, p. +pr. of paenitere, poenitere, to cause to repent, to repent; prob. akin +to poena punishment. See Pain.] 1. Feeling pain or sorrow on account of +sins or offenses; repentant; contrite; sincerely affected by a sense of +guilt, and resolved on amendment of life. + + Be penitent, and for thy fault contrite. + + +Milton. + + The pound he tamed, the penitent he cheered. + + +Dryden. + +2. Doing penance. [Obs.] Shak. + +Pen"i*tent, n. 1. One who repents of sin; one sorrowful on account of +his transgressions. + +2. One under church censure, but admitted to penance; one undergoing +penance. + +3. One under the direction of a confessor. + +Penitents is an appellation given to certain fraternities in Roman +Catholic countries, distinguished by their habit, and employed in +charitable acts. + +Pen`i*ten"tial (?), a. [Cf. F. pÈnitentiel.] Of or pertaining to +penitence, or to penance; expressing penitence; of the nature of +penance; as, the penitential book; penitential tears. "Penitential +stripes." Cowper. + + Guilt that all the penitential fires of hereafter can not cleanse. + + +Sir W. Scott. + +Pen`i*ten"tial, n. (R. C. Ch.) A book formerly used by priests hearing +confessions, containing rules for the imposition of penances; -- called +also penitential book. + +Pen`i*ten"tial*ly, adv. In a penitential manner. + +Pen`i*ten"tia*ry (?), a. [Cf. F. pÈnitentiaire.] 1. Relating to +penance, or to the rules and measures of penance. "A penitentiary tax." +Abp. Bramhall. + +2. Expressive of penitence; as, a penitentiary letter. + +3. Used for punishment, discipline, and reformation. "Penitentiary +houses." Blackstone. + +Pen`i*ten"tia*ry, n.; pl. Penitentiaries (#). [Cf. F. pÈnitencier. See +Penitent.] 1. One who prescribes the rules and measures of penance. +[Obs.] Bacon. + +2. One who does penance. [Obs.] Hammond. + +3. A small building in a monastery where penitents confessed. Shpiley. + +4. That part of a church to which penitents were admitted. Shipley. + +5. (R. C. Ch.) (a) An office of the papal court which examines cases of +conscience, confession, absolution from vows, etc., and delivers +decisions, dispensations, etc. Its chief is a cardinal, called the +Grand Penitentiary, appointed by the pope. (b) An officer in some +dioceses since A. D. 1215, vested with power from the bishop to absolve +in cases reserved to him. + +6. A house of correction, in which offenders are confined for +punishment, discipline, and reformation, and in which they are +generally compelled to labor. + +Pen`i*ten"tia*ry*ship, n. The office or condition of a penitentiary of +the papal court. [R.] Wood. + +Pen"i*tent*ly, adv. In a penitent manner. + +<! p. 1061 !> + +Penk (?), n. A minnow. See Pink, n., 4. [Prov. Eng.] Walton. + +Pen"knife` (?), n.; pl. Penknives (#). [Pen + knife.] A small +pocketknife; formerly, a knife used for making and mending quill pens. + +Pen"man (?), n.; pl. Penmen (&?;). 1. One who uses the pen; a writer; +esp., one skilled in the use of the pen; a calligrapher; a writing +master. + +2. An author; a composer. South. + +Pen"man*ship, n. The use of the pen in writing; the art of writing; +style or manner of writing; chirography; as, good or bad penmanship. + +||Pen"na (?), n.; pl. PennÊ (#). [L.] (Zoˆl.) A perfect, or normal, +||feather. + +Pen"na"ceous (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Like or pertaining to a normal feather. + +Pen"nach (?), n. [OF. pennache. See Panache.] A bunch of feathers; a +plume. [Obs.] Holland. + +Pen"nached (?), a. [Cf. OF. pennachÈ. See Panache.] Variegated; +striped. [Obs.] Evelyn. + +Pen"nage (?), n. [L. penna feather.] Feathery covering; plumage. [Obs.] +Holland. + +Pen"nant (?), n. [OE. penon, penoun, pynoun, OF. penon, F. pennon, fr. +L. penna feather. See Pen a feather, and cf. Pennon, Pinion.] (Naut.) +(a) A small flag; a pennon. The narrow, or long, pennant (called also +whip or coach whip) is a long, narrow piece of bunting, carried at the +masthead of a government vessel in commission. The board pennant is an +oblong, nearly square flag, carried at the masthead of a commodore's +vessel. "With flags and pennants trimmed." Drayton. (b) A rope or strap +to which a purchase is hooked. + +{ Pen"nate (?), Pen"na*ted (?), } a. [L. pennatus feathered, winged, +from penna feather, wing.] 1. Winged; plume- shaped. + +2. (Bot.) Same as Pinnate. + +||Pen*nat"u*la (?), n.; pl. L. PennatulÊ (#), E. Pennatulas (#). [NL., +||fr. L. penna a feather.] (Zoˆl.) Any one of numerous species of +||Pennatula, Pteroides, and allied genera of Alcyonaria, having a +||featherlike form; a sea-pen. The zooids are situated along one edge +||of the side branches. + +||Pen*nat`u*la"ce*a (?), n. pl. [NL. See Pennatula.] (Zoˆl.) A division +||of alcyonoid corals, including the seapens and related kinds. They +||are able to move about by means of the hollow muscular peduncle, +||which also serves to support them upright in the mud. See Pennatula, +||and Illust. under Alcyonaria. + +Penned (?), a. 1. Winged; having plumes. [Obs.] + +2. Written with a pen; composed. "Their penned speech." Shak. + +Pen"ner (?), n. 1. One who pens; a writer. Sir T. North. + +2. A case for holding pens. [Obs.] + +Pen"ni*form (?), a. [L. penna feather + -form: cf. F. penniforme.] +Having the form of a feather or plume. + +Pen*nig"er*ous (?), a. [L. penniger; penna feather + gerere to bear.] +(Zoˆl.) Bearing feathers or quills. + +Pen"ni*less (?), a. [From Penny.] Destitute of money; impecunious; +poor. -- Pen"ni*less*ness, n. + +Pen"ni*nerved` (?), a. [L. penna feather + E. nerve.] Pinnately veined +or nerved. + +Pen*nip"o*tent (?), a. [L. pennipotens; penna wing + potens strong.] +Strong of wing; strong on the wing. [Poetic] Davies (Holy Roode). + +Pen"non (?), n. [Cf. Pinion.] A wing; a pinion. Milton. + +Pen"non, n. [See Pennant.] A pennant; a flag or streamer. Longfellow. + +{ Pen"non*cel`, Pen"non*celle` (?) }, n. [OF. penoncel. See Pennant.] +See Pencel. + +Pen"ny (?), a. [Perh. a corruption of pun, for pound.] Denoting pound +weight for one thousand; -- used in combination, with respect to nails; +as, tenpenny nails, nails of which one thousand weight ten pounds. + +Pen*ny, n.; pl. Pennies (#) or Pence (&?;). Pennies denotes the number +of coins; pence the amount of pennies in value. [OE. peni, AS. penig, +pening, pending; akin to D. penning, OHG. pfenning, pfenting, G. +pfennig, Icel. penningr; of uncertain origin.] 1. An English coin, +formerly of copper, now of bronze, the twelfth part of an English +shilling in account value, and equal to four farthings, or about two +cents; -- usually indicated by the abbreviation d. (the initial of +denarius). + +"The chief Anglo-Saxon coin, and for a long period the only one, +corresponded to the denarius of the Continent . . . [and was] called +penny, denarius, or denier." R. S. Poole. The ancient silver penny was +worth about three pence sterling (see Pennyweight). The old Scotch +penny was only one twelfth the value of the English coin. In the United +States the word penny is popularly used for cent. + +2. Any small sum or coin; a groat; a stiver. Shak. + +3. Money, in general; as, to turn an honest penny. + + What penny hath Rome borne, What men provided, what munition sent? + + +Shak. + +4. (Script.) See Denarius. + +Penny cress (Bot.), an annual herb of the Mustard family, having round, +flat pods like silver pennies (Thlaspi arvense). Dr. Prior. -- Penny +dog (Zoˆl.), a kind of shark found on the South coast of Britain: the +tope. -- Penny father, a penurious person; a niggard. [Obs.] Robinson +(More's Utopia). -- Penny grass (Bot.), pennyroyal. [R.] -- Penny post, +a post carrying a letter for a penny; also, a mail carrier. -- Penny +wise, wise or prudent only in small matters; saving small sums while +losing larger; -- used chiefly in the phrase, penny wise and pound +foolish. + +Pen"ny (?), a. Worth or costing one penny. + +Pen"ny-a-lin"er (?), n. One who furnishes matter to public journals at +so much a line; a poor writer for hire; a hack writer. Thackeray. + +Pen`ny*roy"al (?), n. [A corruption of OE. puliall royal. OE. puliall +is ultimately derived fr. L. puleium, or pulegium regium (so called as +being good against fleas), fr. pulex a flea; and royal is a translation +of L. regium, in puleium regium.] (Bot.) An aromatic herb (Mentha +Pulegium) of Europe; also, a North American plant (Hedeoma pulegioides) +resembling it in flavor. + +Bastard pennyroyal (Bot.) See Blue curls, under Blue. + +Pen"ny*weight` (?), n. A troy weight containing twenty-four grains, or +the twentieth part of an ounce; as, a pennyweight of gold or of +arsenic. It was anciently the weight of a silver penny, whence the +name. + +Pen"ny*wort` (?), n. (Bot.) A European trailing herb (Linaria +Cymbalaria) with roundish, reniform leaves. It is often cultivated in +hanging baskets. + +March, or Water, pennywort. (Bot.) See under March. + +Pen"ny*worth` (?), n. 1. A penny's worth; as much as may be bought for +a penny. "A dear pennyworth." Evelyn. + +2. Hence: The full value of one's penny expended; due return for money +laid out; a good bargain; a bargain. + + The priests sold the better pennyworths. + + +Locke. + +3. A small quantity; a trifle. Bacon. + +Pen"ock (?), n. See Pend. + +Pen`o*log"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to penology. + +Pe*nol"o*gist (?), n. One versed in, or a student of, penology. + +Pe*nol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. &?;, or L. poena, punishment + -logy.] The +science or art of punishment. [Written also púnology.] + +Pen"rack` (?), n. A rack for pens not in use. + +Pens (?), n., pl. of Penny. [Obs.] Chaucer. + +Pen"sa*tive (?), a. Pensive. [Obs.] Shelton. + +Pen"sel (?), n. A pencel. Chaucer. + +Pen"si*ble (?), a. Held aloft. [Obs.] Bacon. + +Pen"sile (?), a. [L. pensilis, fr. pendere to hang: cf. OE. pensil. See +Pendant.] Hanging; suspended; pendent; pendulous. Bacon. + + The long, pensile branches of the birches. + + +W. Howitt. + +Pen"sile*ness, n. State or quality of being pensile; pendulousness. + +Pen"sion (?), n. [F., fr. L. pensio a paying, payment, fr. pendere, +pensum, to weight, to pay; akin to pend&?;re to hang. See Pendant, and +cf. Spend.] 1. A payment; a tribute; something paid or given. [Obs.] + + The stomach's pension, and the time's expense. + + +Sylvester. + +2. A stated allowance to a person in consideration of past services; +payment made to one retired from service, on account of age, +disability, or other cause; especially, a regular stipend paid by a +government to retired public officers, disabled soldiers, the families +of soldiers killed in service, or to meritorious authors, or the like. + + To all that kept the city pensions and wages. + + +1 Esd. iv. 56. + +3. A certain sum of money paid to a clergyman in lieu of tithes. [Eng.] +Mozley & W. + +4. [F., pronounced &?;.] A boarding house or boarding school in France, +Belgium, Switzerland, etc. + +Pen"sion, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pensioned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Pensioning.] To grant a pension to; to pay a regular stipend to; in +consideration of service already performed; -- sometimes followed by +off; as, to pension off a servant. + + One knighted Blackmore, and one pensioned Quarles. + + +Pope. + +Pen"sion*a*ry (?), a. 1. Maintained by a pension; receiving a pension; +as, pensionary spies. Donne. + +2. Consisting of a pension; as, a pensionary provision for maintenance. + +Pen"sion*a*ry (?), n.; pl. Pensionaries (#). [Cf. F. pensionnaire. Cf. +Pensioner.] 1. One who receives a pension; a pensioner. E. Hall. + +2. One of the chief magistrates of towns in Holland. + +Grand pensionary, the title of the prime minister, or or president of +the Council, of Holland when a republic. + +Pen"sion*er (?), n. 1. One in receipt of a pension; hence, +figuratively, a dependent. + + The fickle pensioners of Morpheus' train. + + +Milton. + + Old pensioners . . . of Chelsea Hospital. + + +Macaulay. + +2. One of an honorable band of gentlemen who attend the sovereign of +England on state occasions, and receive an annual pension, or +allowance, of £150 and two horses. + +3. [Cf. F. pensionnaire one who pays for his board. Cf. Pensionary, n.] +In the university of Cambridge, England, one who pays for his living in +commons; -- corresponding to commoner at Oxford. Ld. Lytton. + +Pen"sive (?), a. [F. pensif, fr. penser to think, fr. L. pensare to +weigh, ponder, consider, v. intens. fr. pendere to weigh. See Pension, +Poise.] 1. Thoughtful, sober, or sad; employed in serious reflection; +given to, or favorable to, earnest or melancholy musing. + + The pensive secrecy of desert cell. + + +Milton. + + Anxious cares the pensive nymph oppressed. + + +Pope. + +2. Expressing or suggesting thoughtfulness with sadness; as, pensive +numbers. Prior. + +Pen"sived (?), a. Made pensive. [R.] Shak. + +Pen"sive*ly (?), adv. In a pensive manner. + +Pen"sive*ness, n. The state of being pensive; serious thoughtfulness; +seriousness. Hooker. + +Pen"stock (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain; perh. fr. pen an inclosure + +stock.] 1. A close conduit or pipe for conducting water, as, to a water +wheel, or for emptying a pond, or for domestic uses. + +2. The barrel of a wooden pump. + +Pent (?), p. p. or a. [From Pen, v. t.] Penned or shut up; confined; -- +often with up. + + Here in the body pent. + + +J. Montgomery. + + No pent-up Utica contracts your powers. + + +J. M. Sewall. + +Pen"ta- (?). [Gr. &?;, a later combining form of &?; five. See Five.] +1. A combining form denoting five; as, pentacapsular; pentagon. + +2. (Chem.) Denoting the degree of five, either as regards quality, +property, or composition; as, pentasulphide; pentoxide, etc. Also used +adjectively. + +Pen`ta*ba"sic (?), a. [Penta- + basic.] (Chem.) Capable of uniting with +five molecules of a monacid base; having five acid hydrogen atoms +capable of substitution by a basic radical; -- said of certain acids. + +Pen`ta*cap"su*lar (?), a. [Penta- + capsular.] (Bot.) Having five +capsules. + +Pen`ta*che"ni*um (?), n. [NL. See Penta-, and Achenium.] (Bot.) A dry +fruit composed of five carpels, which are covered by an epigynous calyx +and separate at maturity. + +Pen`ta*chlo"ride (?), n. [Penta- + chloride.] (Chem.) A chloride having +five atoms of chlorine in each molecule. + +Pen"ta*chord (?), n. [L. pentachordus five-stringed, Gr. &?;; &?; five ++ &?; string.] 1. An ancient instrument of music with five strings. + +2. An order or system of five sounds. Busby. + +Pen*tac"id (&?;), a. [Penta- + acid.] (Chem.) Capable of neutralizing, +or combining with, five molecules of a monobasic acid; having five +hydrogen atoms capable of substitution by acid residues; -- said of +certain complex bases. + +Pen"ta*cle (?), n. [Gr. &?; five.] A figure composed of two equilateral +triangles intersecting so as to form a six-pointed star, -- used in +early ornamental art, and also with superstitious import by the +astrologers and mystics of the Middle Ages. + +Pen`ta*coc"cous (?), a. [See Penta- , Coccus.] (Bot.) Composed of five +united carpels with one seed in each, as certain fruits. + +Pen"ta*con`ter (?), n. (Gr. Antiq.) See Penteconter. + +Pen*tac"ri*nin (?), n. (Physiol. Chem.) A red and purple pigment found +in certain crinoids of the genus Pentacrinus. + +Pen*tac"ri*nite (?), n. [Penta- + Gr. &?; a lily.] (Zoˆl.) Any species +of Pentacrinus. + +Pen*tac"ri*noid (?), n. [Pentacrinus + -oid.] (Zoˆl.) An immature +comatula when it is still attached by a stem, and thus resembles a +Pentacrinus. + +||Pen*tac"ri*nus (?), n. [NL. See Penta-, and Crinum.] (Zoˆl.) A genus +||of large, stalked crinoids, of which several species occur in deep +||water among the West Indies and elsewhere. + +Pen*ta"cron (?), n.; pl. L. Pentacra (#), E. Pentacrons (#). [NL., fr. +Gr. &?; five + &?; a summit.] (Geom.) A solid having five summits or +angular points. + +Pen`ta*cros"tic (?), n. [Penta- + acrostic.] A set of verses so +disposed that the name forming the subject of the acrostic occurs five +times -- the whole set of verses being divided into five different +parts from top to bottom. + +Pen"tad (?), n. [Gr. &?;, &?;, a body of five, fr. &?; five.] (Chem.) +Any element, atom, or radical, having a valence of five, or which can +be combined with, substituted for, or compared with, five atoms of +hydrogen or other monad; as, nitrogen is a pentad in the ammonium +compounds. + +Pen"tad, a. (Chem.) Having the valence of a pentad. + +{ Pen`ta*dac"tyl, Pen`ta*dac"tyle } (?), a. [Gr. &?; with five fingers +or toes. See Penta- , and Dactyl.] 1. (Anat.) Having five digits to the +hand or foot. + +2. Having five appendages resembling fingers or toes. + +Pen`ta*dac"tyl*oid (?), a. [Pentadactyl + -oid.] (Anat.) Having the +form of, or a structure modified from, a pentadactyl limb. + +Pen`ta*dec"ane (?), n. [Penta- + Gr. &?; ten.] (Chem.) A hydrocarbon of +the paraffin series, (C15H32) found in petroleum, tar oil, etc., and +obtained as a colorless liquid; -- so called from the fifteen carbon +atoms in the molecule. + +Pen`ta*dec`a*to"ic (?), a. [Penta- + decatoic.] (Chem.) Of, pertaining +to, or derived from, pentadecane, or designating an acid related to it. + +Pen`ta*decyl"ic (?), a. [Penta- + decylic.] (Chem.) Same as +Quindecylic. + +Pen`ta*del"phous (?), a. [Penta- + Gr. &?; brother.] (Bot.) Having the +stamens arranged in five clusters, those of each cluster having their +filaments more or less united, as the flowers of the linden. + +<! p. 1062 !> + +Pen"ta*fid (?), a. [Penta- + root of L. findere to split.] (Bot.) +Divided or cleft into five parts. + +Pen"ta*glot (?), n. [Penta- + -glot, as in polyglot.] A work in five +different tongues. + +Pen"ta*gon (?), n. [Gr. &?;; &?; (see Penta-) + gwni`a angle: cf. L. +pentagonium, F. pentagone.] (Geom.) A plane figure having five angles, +and, consequently, five sides; any figure having five angles. + +Regular pentagon, a pentagon in which the angles are all equal, and the +sides all equal. + +Pen*tag"o*nal (?), a. [Cf. F. pentagonal, pentagone, L. pentagonus, +pentagonius, Gr. &?;.] Having five corners or angles. + +Pentagonal dodecahedron. See Dodecahedron, and Pyritohedron. + +Pen*tag"o*nal*ly, adv. In the form of a pentagon; with five angles. Sir +T. Browne. + +Pen*tag"o*nous (?), a. Pentagonal. + +Pen"ta*gram (?), n. [Gr. &?;, neut. of &?; having five lines. See +Penta-, and -gram.] A pentacle or a pentalpha. "Like a wizard +pentagram." Tennyson. + +{ Pen`ta*graph"ic (?), Pen`ta*graph"ic*al (?), } a. [Corrupted fr. +pantographic, - ical.] Pantographic. See Pantograph. + +||Pen`ta*gyn"i*a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; (see Penta-) + &?; +||female.] (Bot.) A LinnÊan order of plants, having five styles or +||pistils. + +{ Pen`ta*gyn"i*an (?), Pen*tag"y*nous (?), } a. (Bot.) Of or pertaining +to plants of the order Pentagyna; having five styles. + +Pen`ta*he"dral (?), a. Having five sides; as, a pentahedral figure. + +Pen`ta*hed"ric*al (?), a. Pentahedral. [R.] + +Pen`ta*he"dron (?), n. [Penta- + Gr. "e`dra seat, base.] A solid figure +having five sides. + +Pen`ta*he"drous (?), a. Pentahedral. Woodward. + +Pen"tail` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) A peculiar insectivore (Ptilocercus Lowii) of +Borneo; -- so called from its very long, quill-shaped tail, which is +scaly at the base and plumose at the tip. + +||Pen*tal"pha (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;: cf. F. pentalpha. See Penta-, +||and Alpha.] A five-pointed star, resembling five alphas joined at +||their bases; -- used as a symbol. + +||Pen*tam"e*ra (?), n. pl. [NL. See Pentamerous.] (Zoˆl.) An extensive +||division of Coleoptera, including those that normally have +||five-jointed tarsi. It embraces about half of all the known species +||of the Coleoptera. + +Pen*tam"er*an (?), n. (Zoˆl.) One of the Pentamera. + +Pen*tam"er*ous (?), a. [Penta- + Gr. &?; part.] 1. (Biol.) Divided +into, or consisting of, five parts; also, arranged in sets, with five +parts in each set, as a flower with five sepals, five petals, five, or +twice five, stamens, and five pistils. + +2. (Zoˆl.) Belonging to the Pentamera. + +||Pen*tam"e*rus (?), n. [NL. See Pentamerous.] (Paleon.) A genus of +||extinct Paleozoic brachiopods, often very abundant in the Upper +||Silurian. + +Pentamerus limestone (Geol.), a Silurian limestone composed largely of +the shells of Pentamerus. + +Pen*tam"e*ter (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?;; &?; (see Penta-) + &?; +measure.] (Gr. & L.Pros.) A verse of five feet. + +The dactylic pentameter consists of two parts separated by a diÊresis. +Each part consists of two dactyls and a long syllable. The spondee may +take the place of the dactyl in the first part, but not in the second. +The elegiac distich consists of the hexameter followed by the +pentameter. Harkness. + +Pen*tam"e*ter, a. Having five metrical feet. + +Pen`ta*meth"yl*ene (?), n. [Penta- + methylene.] (Chem.) A +hypothetical hydrocarbon, C5H10, metameric with the amylenes, and the +nucleus of a large number of derivatives; -- so named because regarded +as composed of five methylene residues. Cf. Trimethylene, and +Tetramethylene. + +||Pen*tan"dri*a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; (see Penta-) + &?;, &?;, +||man, male.] (Bot.) A LinnÊan class of plants having five separate +||stamens. + +{ Pen*tan"dri*an (?), Pen*tan"drous (?), } a. (Bot.) Of or pertaining +to the class Pentadria; having five stamens. + +Pen"tane (?), n. [See Penta-.] (Chem.) Any one of the three metameric +hydrocarbons, C5H12, of the methane or paraffin series. They are +colorless, volatile liquids, two of which occur in petroleum. So called +because of the five carbon atoms in the molecule. + +Pen"tan`gle (?), n. [Penta- + angle.] A pentagon. [R.] Sir T. Browne. + +Pen*tan"gu*lar (?), a. [Penta- + angular.] Having five corners or +angles. [R.] + +Pen`ta*pet"al*ous (?), a. [Penta- + petal.] (Bot.) Having five petals, +or flower leaves. + +Pen*taph"yl*lous (?), a. [Penta- + Gr. &?; leaf.] (Bot.) Having five +leaves or leaflets. + +Pen*tap"o*dy (?), n. [Penta- + Gr. &?;, &?;, foot.] (Pros.) A measure +or series consisting of five feet. + +Pen"tap*tote (?), n. [L. (pl.) pentaptota. Gr. &?; with five cases; &?; +(see Penta-) + &?; falling.] (Gram.) A noun having five cases. + +Pen"tap*tych (?), n. [Penta- + Gr. &?;, &?;, a fold.] (Fine Arts) A +picture, or combination of pictures, consisting of a centerpiece and +double folding doors or wings, as for an altarpiece. + +Pen"tar*chy (?), n. [Gr. &?;: cf. F. pentarchie. See Penta-, and +-archy.] A government in the hands of five persons; five joint rulers. +P. Fletcher. "The pentarchy of the senses." A. Brewer. + +Pen"ta*spast (?), n. [L. pentaspaston, Gr. &?; (see Penta-) + &?; to +pull: cf. F. pentaspaste.] A purchase with five pulleys. [R.] + +Pen`ta*sper"mous (?), a. [Penta- + Gr. &?; seed.] (Bot.) Containing +five seeds. + +Pen"ta*stich (?), n. [Gr. &?; of five verses; &?; (see Penta-) + &?; +line, verse.] A composition consisting of five verses. + +Pen*tas"ti*chous (?), a. [Penta- + Gr. &?; a row.] (Bot.) Having, or +arranged in, five vertical ranks, as the leaves of an apple tree or a +cherry tree. + +||Pen`ta*stom"i*da (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. &?; (see Penta-) + &?; a +||mouth.] (Zoˆl.) Same as Linguatulina. + +Pen"ta*style (?), a. [Penta- + Gr. &?; a pillar.] (Arch.) Having five +columns in front; - - said of a temple or portico in classical +architecture. -- n. A portico having five columns. + +Pen"ta*teuch (?), n. [L. pentateuchus, Gr. &?;; &?; (see Penta-) + &?; +a tool, implement, a book, akin to &?; to prepare, make ready, and +perh. to E. text. See Five, and Text.] The first five books of the Old +Testament, collectively; -- called also the Law of Moses, Book of the +Law of Moses, etc. + +Pen`ta*teu"chal (?), a. Of or pertaining to the Pentateuch. + +Pen`ta*thi*on"ic (?), a. [Penta- + thionic.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or +designating, an acid of sulphur obtained by leading hydrogen sulphide +into a solution of sulphur dioxide; -- so called because it contains +five atoms of sulphur. + +||Pen*tath"lon (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;; &?; five + &?; a contest.] +||(Gr. Antiq.) A fivefold athletic performance peculiar to the great +||national games of the Greeks, including leaping, foot racing, +||wrestling, throwing the discus, and throwing the spear. + +Pen`ta*tom"ic (?), a. [Penta- + atomic.] (Chem.) (a) Having five atoms +in the molecule. (b) Having five hydrogen atoms capable of +substitution. + +Pen*tav"a*lent (?), a. [Penta- + L. valens, p. pr. See Valence.] +(Chem.) Having a valence of five; -- said of certain atoms and +radicals. + +Pen"te*con`ter (?), n. [Gr. &?; (sc. &?;), fr. &?; fifty.] (Gr. Antiq.) +A Grecian vessel with fifty oars. [Written also pentaconter.] + +Pen"te*cost (?), n. [L. pentecoste, Gr. &?; (sc. &?;) the fiftieth day, +Pentecost, fr. &?; fiftieth, fr. &?; fifty, fr. &?; five. See Five, and +cf. Pingster.] 1. A solemn festival of the Jews; -- so called because +celebrated on the fiftieth day (seven weeks) after the second day of +the Passover (which fell on the sixteenth of the Jewish month Nisan); +-- hence called, also, the Feast of Weeks. At this festival an offering +of the first fruits of the harvest was made. By the Jews it was +generally regarded as commemorative of the gift of the law on the +fiftieth day after the departure from Egypt. + +2. A festival of the Roman Catholic and other churches in commemoration +of the descent of the Holy Spirit on the apostles; which occurred on +the day of Pentecost; -- called also Whitsunday. Shak. + +Pen`te*cos"tal (?), a. Of or pertaining to Pentecost or to Whitsuntide. + +Pen`te*cos"tals (?), n. pl. Offerings formerly made to the parish +priest, or to the mother church, at Pentecost. Shipley. + +Pen`te*cos"ter (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?; fifty.] (Gr. Antiq.) +An officer in the Spartan army commanding fifty men. Mitford. + +Pen`te*cos"ty (?), n.; pl. Pentecosties (#). [Gr. &?;, fr. &?; the +fiftieth, &?; fifty.] (Gr. Antiq.) A troop of fifty soldiers in the +Spartan army; -- called also pentecostys. Jowett (Thucyd. ). + +{ Pen*tel"ic (?), Pen*tel"i*can (?), } a. Of or pertaining to Mount +Pentelicus, near Athens, famous for its fine white marble quarries; +obtained from Mount Pentelicus; as, the Pentelic marble of which the +Parthenon is built. + +Pen"tene (?), n. [See Penta-.] (Chem.) Same as Amylene. + +Pent"house` (?), n. [A corruption of pentice.] A shed or roof sloping +from the main wall or building, as over a door or window; a lean-to. +Also figuratively. "The penthouse of his eyes." Sir W. Scott. + +Pent"house`, a. Leaning; overhanging. "Penthouse lid." Shak. "My +penthouse eyebrows." Dryden. + +Pen"tice (?), n. [F. appentis a penthouse. See Append.] A penthouse. +[Obs.] Sir H. Wotton. + +Pen"tile` (?), n. See Pantile. + +Pen"tine (?), n. [See Penta-.] (Chem.) An unsaturated hydrocarbon, +C5H8, of the acetylene series. Same as Valerylene. + +Pen*to"ic (?), a. [See Penta-.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or desingating, +an acid (called also valeric acid) derived from pentane. + +Pen"tone (?), n. [See Penta-.] (Chem.) Same as Valylene. + +Pen*tox"ide (?), n. [Penta- + oxide.] (Chem.) An oxide containing five +atoms of oxygen in each molecule; as, phosphorus pentoxide, P2O5. + +Pen"tre*mite (?), n. (Zoˆl.) Any species of Pentremites. + +||Pen`tre*mi"tes (?), n. [NL., from Gr. &?; five + L. remus an oar.] +||(Zoˆl.) A genus of crinoids belonging to the Blastoidea. They have +||five petal-like ambulacra. + +Pent"roof` (?), n. [F. pente slope + E. roof, or from penthouse roof.] +See Lean-to. + +Pen"trough` (?), n. A penstock. + +Pen"tyl (?), n. [Penta + - yl.] (Chem.) The hypothetical radical, +C5H11, of pentane and certain of its derivatives. Same as Amyl. + +Pen*tyl"ic (?), a. Pertaining to, derived from, or containing, pentyl; +as, pentylic alcohol + +{ Pe"nu*chle (?), Pin"o*cle (?) }, n. A game at cards, played with +forty-eight cards, being all the cards above the eight spots in two +packs. + +Pe"nult (?), n. [Abbreviated fr. penultima.] (Gram. & Pros.) The last +syllable but one of a word; the syllable preceding the final one. + +Pe*nul"ti*ma (?), n. [L. (sc. syllaba), fr. penultimus, paenultimus, +the last but one; paene almost + ultimus the last.] Same as Penult. + +Pe*nul"ti*mate (?), a. Last but one; as, the penultimate syllable, the +last syllable but one of a word. + +Pe*nul"ti*mate, n. The penult. + +Pe*num"bra (?), n. [NL., fr. L. paene almost + umbra shade.] 1. An +incomplete or partial shadow. + +2. (Astron.) The shadow cast, in an eclipse, where the light is partly, +but not wholly, cut off by the intervening body; the space of partial +illumination between the umbra, or perfect shadow, on all sides, and +the full light. Sir I. Newton. + +The faint shade surrounding the dark central portion of a solar spot is +also called the penumbra, and sometimes umbra. + +3. (Paint.) The part of a picture where the shade imperceptibly blends +with the light. + +Pe*num"brala. Of or pertaining to a penumbra; resembling a penumbra; +partially illuminated. + +Pe*nu"ri*ous (?), a. [From Penury.] 1. Excessively sparing in the use +of money; sordid; stingy; miserly. "A penurious niggard of his wealth." +Milton. + +2. Not bountiful or liberal; scanty. + + Here creeps along a poor, penurious stream. + + +C. Pitt. + +3. Destitute of money; suffering extreme want. [Obs.] "My penurious +band." Shak. + +Syn. -- Avaricious; covetous; parsimonious; miserly; niggardly; stingy. +See Avaricious. + +--Pe*nu"ri*ous*ly, adv. -- Pe*nu"ri*ous*ness, n. + +Pen"u*ry (?), n. [L. penuria; cf. Gr. &?; hunger, &?; poverty, need, +&?; one who works for his daily bread, a poor man, &?; to work for +one's daily bread, to be poor: cf. F. pÈnurie.] 1. Absence of +resources; want; privation; indigence; extreme poverty; destitution. "A +penury of military forces." Bacon. + + They were exposed to hardship and penury. + + +Sprat. + + It arises in neither from penury of thought. + + +Landor. + +2. Penuriousness; miserliness. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor. + +Pen"wip`er (?), n. A cloth, or other material, for wiping off or +cleaning ink from a pen. + +Pen"wom`an (?), n.; pl. Penwomen (&?;). A female writer; an authoress. +Johnson. + +Pe"on (?), n. See Poon. + +Pe"on, n. [Sp. peon, or Pg. pe&?;o, one who travels on foot, a foot +soldier, a pawn in chess. See Pawn in chess.] 1. A foot soldier; a +policeman; also, an office attendant; a messenger. [India] + +2. A day laborer; a servant; especially, in some of the Spanish +American countries, debtor held by his creditor in a form of qualified +servitude, to work out a debt. + +3. (Chess) See 2d Pawn. + +Pe"on*age (?), n. The condition of a peon. + +Pe"on*ism (?), n. Same as Peonage. D. Webster. + +Pe"o*ny (?), n.; pl. Peonies (#). [OE. pione, pioine, pioni, OF. pione, +F. pivoine, L. paeonia, Gr. &?;, fr. &?;, &?;, the god of healing. Cf. +PÊan.] (Bot.) A plant, and its flower, of the ranunculaceous genus +PÊonia. Of the four or five species, one is a shrub; the rest are +perennial herbs with showy flowers, often double in cultivation. +[Written also pÊony, and piony.] + +<! p. 1063 !> + +Peo"ple (?), n. [OE. peple, people, OF. pueple, F. peuple, fr. L. +populus. Cf. Populage, Public, Pueblo.] 1. The body of persons who +compose a community, tribe, nation, or race; an aggregate of +individuals forming a whole; a community; a nation. + + Unto him shall the gathering of the people be. + + +Gen. xlix. 10. + + The ants are a people not strong. + + +Prov. xxx. 25. + + Before many peoples, and nations, and tongues. + + +Rev. x. 11. + + Earth's monarchs are her peoples. + + +Whitter. + + A government of all the people, by all the people, for all the + people. + + +T. Parker. + +Peopleis a collective noun, generally construed with a plural verb, and +only occasionally used in the plural form (peoples), in the sense of +nations or races. + +2. Persons, generally; an indefinite number of men and women; folks; +population, or part of population; as, country people; -- sometimes +used as an indefinite subject or verb, like on in French, and man in +German; as, people in adversity. + + People were tempted to lend by great premiums. + + +Swift. + + People have lived twenty-four days upon nothing but water. + + +Arbuthnot. + +3. The mass of comunity as distinguished from a special class; the +commonalty; the populace; the vulgar; the common crowd; as, nobles and +people. + + And strive to gain his pardon from the people. + + +Addison. + +4. With a possessive pronoun: (a) One's ancestors or family; kindred; +relations; as, my people were English. (b) One's subjects; fellow +citizens; companions; followers. "You slew great number of his people." +Shak. + +Syn. -- People, Nation. When speaking of a state, we use people for the +mass of the community, as distinguished from their rulers, and nation +for the entire political body, including the rulers. In another sense +of the term, nation describes those who are descended from the same +stock; and in this sense the Germans regard themselves as one nation, +though politically subject to different forms of government. + +Peo"ple (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Peopled p. pr. & vb. n. Peopling +(&?;).] [Cf. OF. popler, puepler, F. puepler. Cf. Populate.] To stock +with people or inhabitants; to fill as with people; to populate. +"Peopled heaven with angels." Dryden. + + As the gay motes that people the sunbeams. + + +Milton. + +Peo"pled (?), a. Stocked with, or as with, people; inhabited. "The +peopled air." Gray. + +Peo"ple*less, a. Destitute of people. Poe. + +Peo"pler (?), n. A settler; an inhabitant. "Peoplers of the peaceful +glen." J. S. Blackie. + +Peo"plish (?), a. Vulgar. [Obs.] Chaucer. + +Pe*o"ri*as (?), n. pl.; sing. Peoria (&?;). (Ethnol.) An Algonquin +tribe of Indians who formerly inhabited a part of Illinois. + +Pe*pas"tic (?), a. & n. [Gr. &?; to ripen, suppurate: cf. F. +pÈpastique.] (Med.) Same as Maturative. + +{ Pep"e*rine (?), ||Pep`e*ri"no (?), } n. [It. peperino, L. piper +pepper. So called on account of its color.] (Geol.) A volcanic rock, +formed by the cementing together of sand, scoria, cinders, etc. + +||Pep"lis (?), n. [L., a kind of plant, Gr. &?;.] (Bot.) A genus of +||plants including water purslane. + +||Pep"lus (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?;.] 1. An upper garment worn by +||Grecian and Roman women. + +2. A kind of kerchief formerly worn by Englishwomen. [Obs.] Fairholt. + +||Pe"po (?), n. [L., a kind of melon, from Gr. &?;.] (Bot.) Any fleshy +||fruit with a firm rind, as a pumpkin, melon, or gourd. See Gourd. + +Pep"per (?), n. [OE. peper, AS. pipor, L. piper, fr. Gr. &?;, &?;, akin +to Skr. pippala, pippali.] 1. A well-known, pungently aromatic +condiment, the dried berry, either whole or powdered, of the Piper +nigrum. + +Common, or black, pepper is made from the whole berry, dried just +before maturity; white pepper is made from the ripe berry after the +outer skin has been removed by maceration and friction. It has less of +the peculiar properties of the plant than the black pepper. Pepper is +used in medicine as a carminative stimulant. + +2. (Bot.) The plant which yields pepper, an East Indian woody climber +(Piper nigrum), with ovate leaves and apetalous flowers in spikes +opposite the leaves. The berries are red when ripe. Also, by extension, +any one of the several hundred species of the genus Piper, widely +dispersed throughout the tropical and subtropical regions of the earth. + +3. Any plant of the genus Capsicum, and its fruit; red pepper; as, the +bell pepper. + +The term pepper has been extended to various other fruits and plants, +more or less closely resembling the true pepper, esp. to the common +varieties of Capsicum. See Capsicum, and the Phrases, below. + +African pepper, the Guinea pepper. See under Guinea. -- Cayenne pepper. +See under Cayenne. -- Chinese pepper, the spicy berries of the +Xanthoxylum piperitum, a species of prickly ash found in China and +Japan. -- Guinea pepper. See under Guinea, and Capsicum. -- Jamaica +pepper. See Allspice. -- Long pepper. (a) The spike of berries of Piper +longum, an East Indian shrub. (b) The root of Piper, or Macropiper, +methysticum. See Kava. -- Malaguetta, or Meleguetta, pepper, the +aromatic seeds of the Amomum Melegueta, an African plant of the Ginger +family. They are sometimes used to flavor beer, etc., under the name of +grains of Paradise. -- Red pepper. See Capsicum. -- Sweet pepper bush +(Bot.), an American shrub (Clethra alnifolia), with racemes of fragrant +white flowers; -- called also white alder. -- Pepper box or caster, a +small box or bottle, with a perforated lid, used for sprinkling ground +pepper on food, etc. -- Pepper corn. See in the Vocabulary. -- Pepper +elder (Bot.), a West Indian name of several plants of the Pepper +family, species of Piper and Peperomia. -- Pepper moth (Zoˆl.), a +European moth (Biston betularia) having white wings covered with small +black specks. -- Pepper pot, a mucilaginous soup or stew of vegetables +and cassareep, much esteemed in the West Indies. -- Pepper root. +(Bot.). See Coralwort. -- pepper sauce, a condiment for the table, made +of small red peppers steeped in vinegar. -- Pepper tree (Bot.), an +aromatic tree (Drimys axillaris) of the Magnolia family, common in New +Zealand. See Peruvian mastic tree, under Mastic. + +Pep"per, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Peppered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Peppering.] +1. To sprinkle or season with pepper. + +2. Figuratively: To shower shot or other missiles, or blows, upon; to +pelt; to fill with shot, or cover with bruises or wounds. "I have +peppered two of them." "I am peppered, I warrant, for this world." +Shak. + +Pep"per, v. i. To fire numerous shots (at). + +Pep"per*brand` (?), n. (Bot.) See 1st Bunt. + +Pep"per*corn` (?), n. 1. A dried berry of the black pepper (Piper +nigrum). + +2. Anything insignificant; a particle. + +Pep"per dulse` (?). (Bot.) A variety of edible seaweed (Laurencia +pinnatifida) distinguished for its pungency. [Scot.] Lindley. + +Pep"per*er (?), n. A grocer; -- formerly so called because he sold +pepper. [Obs.] + +Pep"per*grass` (?), n. (Bot.) (a) Any herb of the cruciferous genus +Lepidium, especially the garden peppergrass, or garden cress, Lepidium +sativum; -- called also pepperwort. All the species have a pungent +flavor. (b) The common pillwort of Europe (Pilularia globulifera). See +Pillwort. + +Pep"per*idge (?), n. [Cf. NL. berberis, E. barberry.] (Bot.) A North +American tree (Nyssa multiflora) with very tough wood, handsome oval +polished leaves, and very acid berries, -- the sour gum, or common +tupelo. See Tupelo. [Written also piperidge and pipperidge.] + +Pepperidge bush (Bot.), the barberry. + +Pep"per*ing, a. Hot; pungent; peppery. Swift. + +Pep"per*mint (?), n. [Pepper + mint.] 1. (Bot.) An aromatic and pungent +plant of the genus Mentha (M. piperita), much used in medicine and +confectionery. + +2. A volatile oil (oil of peppermint) distilled from the fresh herb; +also, a well-known essence or spirit (essence of peppermint) obtained +from it. + +3. A lozenge of sugar flavored with peppermint. + +Peppermint camphor. (Chem.) Same as Menthol. -- Peppermint tree (Bot.), +a name given to several Australian species of gum tree (Eucalyptus +amygdalina, E. piperita, E. odorata, etc.) which have hard and durable +wood, and yield an essential oil. + +Pep"per*wort` (?), n. (Bot.) See Peppergrass. + +Pep"per*y (?), a. 1. Of or pertaining to pepper; having the qualities +of pepper; hot; pungent. + +2. Fig.: Hot-tempered; passionate; choleric. + +Pep"sin (?), n. [Gr. &?; a cooking, digesting, digestion, fr. &?;, &?;, +to cook, digest: cf. F. pepsine. Cf. Dyspepsia.] (Physiol. Chem.) An +unorganized proteolytic ferment or enzyme contained in the secretory +glands of the stomach. In the gastric juice it is united with dilute +hydrochloric acid (0.2 per cent, approximately) and the two together +constitute the active portion of the digestive fluid. It is the active +agent in the gastric juice of all animals. + +As prepared from the glandular layer of pigs' or calves' stomachs it +constitutes an important article of pharmacy. + +Pep`sin*hy`dro*chlo"ric (?), a. (Physiol. Chem.) Same as +Peptohydrochloric. + +Pep*sin"o*gen (?), n. [Pepsin + -gen.] (Physiol. Chem.) The antecedent +of the ferment pepsin. A substance contained in the form of granules in +the peptic cells of the gastric glands. It is readily convertible into +pepsin. Also called propepsin. + +Pep"tic (?), a. [L. pepticus, Gr. &?;. See Pepsin.] 1. Relating to +digestion; promoting digestion; digestive; as, peptic sauces. + +2. Able to digest. [R.] + + Tolerably nutritive for a mind as yet so peptic. + + +Carlyle. + +3. (Physiol. Chem.) Pertaining to pepsin; resembling pepsin in its +power of digesting or dissolving albuminous matter; containing or +yielding pepsin, or a body of like properties; as, the peptic glands. + +Pep"tic, n. 1. An agent that promotes digestion. + +2. pl. The digestive organs. + + Is there some magic in the place, Or do my peptics differ? + + +Tennyson. + +Pep"tics (?), n. The science of digestion. + +Pep"to*gen (?), n. [Peptone + -gen.] (Physiol.) A substance convertible +into peptone. + +Pep`to*gen"ic (?), a. Same as Peptogenous. + +Pep*tog"e*nous (?), a. (Physiol. Chem.) Capable of yielding, or being +converted into, peptone. + +Pep`to*hy`dro*chlo"ric (?), a. [See Peptone, and Hydrochloric.] +(Physiol. Chem.) Designating a hypothetical acid (called +peptohydrochloric acid, pepsinhydrochloric acid, and chloropeptic acid) +which is supposed to be formed when pepsin and dilute (0.1-0.4 per +cent) hydrochloric acid are mixed together. + +Pep"tone (?), n. [Gr. &?; cooked.] (Physiol. Chem.) (a) The soluble and +diffusible substance or substances into which albuminous portions of +the food are transformed by the action of the gastric and pancreatic +juices. Peptones are also formed from albuminous matter by the action +of boiling water and boiling dilute acids. (b) Collectively, in a +broader sense, all the products resulting from the solution of +albuminous matter in either gastric or pancreatic juice. In this case, +however, intermediate products (albumose bodies), such as antialbumose, +hemialbumose, etc., are mixed with the true peptones. Also termed +albuminose. + +Pure peptones are of three kinds, amphopeptone, antipeptone, and +hemipeptone, and, unlike the albumose bodies, are not precipitated by +saturating their solutions with ammonium sulphate. + +Pep"to*nize (?), v. t. (Physiol.) To convert into peptone; to digest or +dissolve by means of a proteolytic ferment; as, peptonized food. + +Pep"to*noid (?), n. [Peptone + -oid.] (Physiol. Chem.) A substance +related to peptone. + +||Pep`to*nu"ri*a (?), n. [NL. See Peptone, and Urine.] (Med.) The +||presence of peptone, or a peptonelike body, in the urine. + +Pep`to*tox"ine (?), n. [Peptone + toxic + -ine.] (Physiol. Chem.) A +toxic alkaloid found occasionally associated with the peptones formed +from fibrin by pepsinhydrochloric acid. + +Pe"quots (?), n. pl.; sing. Pequot (&?;). (Ethnol.) A tribe of Indians +who formerly inhabited Eastern Connecticut. [Written also Pequods.] + +Per- (?). [See Per.] 1. A prefix used to signify through, throughout, +by, for, or as an intensive as perhaps, by hap or chance; perennial, +that lasts throughout the year; perforce, through or by force; +perfoliate, perforate; perspicuous, evident throughout or very evident; +perplex, literally, to entangle very much. + +2. (Chem.) Originally, denoting that the element to the name of which +it is prefixed in the respective compounds exercised its highest +valence; now, only that the element has a higher valence than in other +similar compounds; thus, barium peroxide is the highest oxide of +barium; while nitrogen and manganese peroxides, so-called, are not the +highest oxides of those elements. + +Per (?), prep. [L. Cf. Far, For-, Pardon, and cf. Par, prep.] Through; +by means of; through the agency of; by; for; for each; as, per annum; +per capita, by heads, or according to individuals; per curiam, by the +court; per se, by itself, of itself. Per is also sometimes used with +English words. + +Per annum, by the year; in each successive year; annually. -- Per cent, +Per centum, by the hundred; in the hundred; -- used esp. of proportions +of ingredients, rate or amount of interest, and the like; commonly used +in the shortened form per cent. -- Per diem, by the day. [For other +phrases from the Latin, see Quotations, Phrases, etc., from Foreign +Languages, in the Supplement.] + +Per*act" (?), v. t. [L. peractus, p. p. of peragere.] To go through +with; to perform. [Obs.] Sylvester. + +Per`a*cute" (?), a. [L. peracutus. See Per-, and Acute.] Very sharp; +very violent; as, a peracute fever. [R.] Harvey. + +Per`ad*ven"ture (?), adv. & conj. [OE. per aventure, F. par aventure. +See Per, and Adventure.] By chance; perhaps; it may be; if; supposing. +"If peradventure he speak against me." Shak. + + Peradventure there be fifty righteous within the city. + + +Gen. xviii. 24. + +Per`ad*ven"ture, n. Chance; hap; hence, doubt; question; as, proved +beyond peradventure. South. + +Pe*rÊ"o*pod (?), n. [Gr. &?; on the opposite side + -pod.] (Zoˆl.) One +of the thoracic legs of a crustacean. See Illust. of Crustacea. + +Per"a*grate (?), v. t. [L. peragratus, p. p. of peragrate.] To travel +over or through. [Obs.] + +Per`agra"tion (?), n. [L. peragratio: cf. F. peragration.] The act or +state of passing through any space; as, the peragration of the moon in +her monthly revolution. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne. + +Per*am"bu*late (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Perambulated (?); p. pr. & vb. +n. Perambulating.] [L. perambulatus, p. p. of perambulare to +perambulate; per through + ambulare to walk. See Per-, and Amble.] To +walk through or over; especially, to travel over for the purpose of +surveying or examining; to inspect by traversing; specifically, to +inspect officially the boundaries of, as of a town or parish, by +walking over the whole line. + +Per*am"bu*late, v. i. To walk about; to ramble; to stroll; as, he +perambulated in the park. + +Per*am`bu*la"tion (?), n. 1. The act of perambulating; traversing. +Bacon. + +2. An annual survey of boundaries, as of town, a parish, a forest, etc. + +3. A district within which one is authorized to make a tour of +inspection. "The . . . bounds of his own perambulation." [Obs.] +Holyday. + +Per*am"bu*la`tor (?), n. 1. One who perambulates. + +2. A surveyor's instrument for measuring distances. It consists of a +wheel arranged to roll along over the ground, with an apparatus of +clockwork, and a dial plate upon which the distance traveled is shown +by an index. See Odometer. + +3. A low carriage for a child, propelled by pushing. + +||Per`a*me"les (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a pouch + L. meles a badger.] +||(Zoˆl.) Any marsupial of the genus Perameles, which includes numerous +||species found in Australia. They somewhat resemble rabbits in size +||and form. See Illust. under Bandicoot. + +Per"bend (?), n. See Perpender. + +Per"break` (?), n. [Obs.] See Parbreak. + +Per*bro"mate (?), n. (Chem.)A salt of perbromic acid. + +Per*bro"mic (?), a. [Pref. per- + bromic.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or +designating, the highest oxygen acid, HBrO4, of bromine. + +Per*bro"mide (?), n. (Chem.) A bromide having a higher proportion of +bromine than any other bromide of the same substance or series. + +||Per"ca (?), n. [L., a perch.] (Zoˆl.) A genus of fishes, including +||the fresh-water perch. + +||Per`cale" (?), n. [F.] A fine cotton fabric, having a linen finish, +||and often printed on one side, - - used for women's and children's +||wear. + +||Per`ca`line" (?), n. [F.] A fine kind of French cotton goods, usually +||of one color. + +Per*car"bide (?), n. [Pref. per- + carbide.] (Chem.)A compound +containing a relatively large amount of carbon. [R.] + +Per*car"bu*ret (?), n. [Pref. per- + carburet.] (Chem.) A percarbide. +[Obsoles.] + +Per*car"bu*ret`ed, a. (Chem.) Combined with a relatively large amount +of carbon. + +Per*case" (?), adv. [OE. per cas. See Parcase.] Perhaps; perchance. +[Obs.] Bacon. + +Perce (?), v. t. To pierce. [Obs.] Chaucer. + +Per*ceiv"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being perceived; perceptible. -- +Per*ceiv"a*bly, adv. + +Per*ceiv"ance (?), n. Power of perceiving. [Obs.] "The senses and +common perceivance." Milton. + +Per*ceive" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Perceived (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Perceiving.] [OF. percevoir, perceveir, L. percipere, perceptum; per +(see Per-) + capere to take, receive. See Capacious, and cf. +Perception.] 1. To obtain knowledge of through the senses; to receive +impressions from by means of the bodily organs; to take cognizance of +the existence, character, or identity of, by means of the senses; to +see, hear, or feel; as, to perceive a distant ship; to perceive a +discord. Reid. + +2. To take intellectual cognizance of; to apprehend by the mind; to be +convinced of by direct intuition; to note; to remark; to discern; to +see; to understand. + + Jesus perceived their wickedness. + + +Matt. xxii. 18. + + You may, fair lady, Perceive I speak sincerely. + + +Shak. + + Till we ourselves see it with our own eyes, and perceive it by our + own understandings, we are still in the dark. + + +Locke. + +3. To be affected of influented by. [R.] + + The upper regions of the air perceive the collection of the matter + of tempests before the air here below. + + +Bacon. + +Syn. -- To discern; distinguish; observe; see; feel; know; understand. +-- To Perceive, Discern. To perceive a thing is to apprehend it as +presented to the senses or the intellect; to discern is to mark +differences, or to see a thing as distinguished from others around it. +We may perceive two persons afar off without being able to discern +whether they are men or women. Hence, discern is often used of an act +of the senses or the mind involving close, discriminating, analytical +attention. We perceive that which is clear or obvious; we discern that +which requires much attention to get an idea of it. "We perceive light, +darkness, colors, or the truth or falsehood of anything. We discern +characters, motives, the tendency and consequences of actions, etc." +Crabb. + +<! p. 1064 !> + +Per*ceiv"er (?), n. One who perceives (in any of the senses of the +verb). Milton. + +Perce"ly (?), n. Parsley. [Obs.] Chaucer. + +Per*cent"age (?), n. [Per cent + -age, as in average. See Per, and +Cent.] (Com.) A certain rate per cent; the allowance, duty, rate of +interest, discount, or commission, on a hundred. + +Per"cept (?), n. [From L. percipere, perceptum.] That which is +perceived. Sir W. Hamilton. + + The modern discussion between percept and concept, the one + sensuous, the other intellectual. + + +Max M¸ller. + +Per*cep`ti*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. perceptibilitÈ.] 1. The quality or +state of being perceptible; as, the perceptibility of light or color. + +2. Perception. [R.] Dr. H. More. + +Per*cep"ti*ble (?), a. [L. perceptibilis: cf. F. perceptible. See +Perceive.] Capable of being perceived; cognizable; discernible; +perceivable. + + With a perceptible blast of the air. + + +Bacon. + +-- Per*cep"ti*ble*ness, n. -- Per*cep"ti*bly, adv. + +Per*cep"tion (?), n. [L. perceptio: cf. F. perception. See Perceive.] +1. The act of perceiving; cognizance by the senses or intellect; +apperhension by the bodily organs, or by the mind, of what is presented +to them; discernment; apperhension; cognition. + +2. (Metaph.) The faculty of perceiving; the faculty, or peculiar part, +of man's constitution by which he has knowledge through the medium or +instrumentality of the bodily organs; the act of apperhending material +objects or qualities through the senses; -- distinguished from +conception. Sir W. Hamilton. + + Matter hath no life nor perception, and is not conscious of its own + existence. + + +Bentley. + +3. The quality, state, or capability, of being affected by something +external; sensation; sensibility. [Obs.] + + This experiment discovereth perception in plants. + + +Bacon. + +4. An idea; a notion. [Obs.] Sir M. Hale. + +"The word perception is, in the language of philosophers previous to +Reid, used in a very extensive signification. By Descartes, +Malebranche, Locke, Leibnitz, and others, it is employed in a sense +almost as unexclusive as consciousness, in its widest signification. By +Reid this word was limited to our faculty acquisitive of knowledge, and +to that branch of this faculty whereby, through the senses, we obtain a +knowledge of the external world. But his limitation did not stop here. +In the act of external perception he distinguished two elements, to +which he gave the names of perception and sensation. He ought perhaps +to have called these perception proper and sensation proper, when +employed in his special meaning." Sir W. Hamilton. + +Per*cep"tive (?), a. [Cf. F. perceptif.] Of or pertaining to the act or +power of perceiving; having the faculty or power of perceiving; used in +perception. "His perceptive and reflective faculties." Motley. + +Per`cep*tiv"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being perceptive; +power of perception. Locke. + +||Per*ces"o*ces (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. L. perca a perch + esox, -ocis, a +||pike.] (Zoˆl.) An order of fishes including the gray mullets (Mugil), +||the barracudas, the silversides, and other related fishes. So called +||from their relation both to perches and to pikes. + +Perch (prch), n. [Written also pearch.] [OE. perche, F. perche, L. +perca, fr. Gr. pe`rkh; cf. perkno`s dark-colored, Skr. pÁni spotted, +speckled, and E. freckle.] (Zoˆl.) 1. Any fresh-water fish of the genus +Perca and of several other allied genera of the family PercidÊ, as the +common American or yellow perch (Perca flavescens, or Americana), and +the European perch (P. fluviatilis). + +2. Any one of numerous species of spiny-finned fishes belonging to the +PercidÊ, SerranidÊ, and related families, and resembling, more or less, +the true perches. + +Black perch. (a) The black bass. (b) The flasher. (c) The sea bass. -- +Blue perch, the cunner. -- Gray perch, the fresh-water drum. -- Red +perch, the rosefish. -- Red-bellied perch, the long- eared pondfish. -- +Perch pest, a small crustacean, parasitic in the mouth of the perch. -- +Silver perch, the yellowtail. -- Stone, or Striped, perch, the pope. -- +White perch, the Roccus, or Morone, Americanus, a small silvery +serranoid market fish of the Atlantic coast. + +Perch (?), n. [F. perche, L. pertica.] 1. A pole; a long staff; a rod; +esp., a pole or other support for fowls to roost on or to rest on; a +roost; figuratively, any elevated resting place or seat. + + As chauntecleer among his wives all Sat on his perche, that was in + his hall. + + +Chaucer. + + Not making his high place the lawless perch Of winged ambitions. + + +Tennyson. + +2. (a) A measure of length containing five and a half yards; a rod, or +pole. (b) In land or square measure: A square rod; the 160th part of an +acre. (c) In solid measure: A mass 16Ω feet long, 1 foot in height, and +1Ω feet in breadth, or 24æ cubic feet (in local use, from 22 to 25 +cubic feet); -- used in measuring stonework. + +3. A pole connecting the fore gear and hind gear of a spring carriage; +a reach. + +Perch, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Perched (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Perching.] [F. +percher. See Perch a pole.] To alight or settle, as a bird; to sit or +roost. + + Wrens make prey where eagles dare not perch. + + +Shak. + +Perch, v. t. 1. To place or to set on, or as on, a perch. + +2. To occupy as a perch. Milton. + +Per*chance" (?), adv. [F. par by (L. per) + chance. See Par, and +Chance.] By chance; perhaps; peradventure. + +Perch"ant (?), n. [F.] A bird tied by the foot, to serve as decoy to +other birds by its fluttering. + +Perch"er (?), n. [From Perch, v. i.] 1. One who, or that which, +perches. J. Burroughs. + +2. One of the Insessores. + +3. [From Perch a pole.] A Paris candle anciently used in England; also, +a large wax candle formerly set upon the altar. [Obs.] Bailey. + +Per"che*ron (?), n. [F.] One of a breed of draught horses originating +in Perche, an old district of France; -- called also Percheron-Norman. + +Per*chlo"rate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of perchloric acid. + +Per*chlo"ric (?), a. [Pref. per- + chloric.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or +designating, the highest oxygen acid (HClO4), of chlorine; -- called +also hyperchloric. + +Per*chlo"ride (?), n. (Chem.) A chloride having a higher proportion of +chlorine than any other chloride of the same substance or series. + +Per*chro"mic (?), a. [Pref. per- + chromic.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or +designating, a certain one of the highly oxidized compounds of +chromium, which has a deep blue color, and is produced by the action of +hydrogen peroxide. + +Per"ci*form (?), a. [NL., & L. perca a perch + -form.] (Zoˆl.) +Pertaining to the Perciformes. + +||Per`ci*for"mes (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zoˆl.) An extensive tribe or +||suborder of fishes, including the true perches (PercidÊ); the +||pondfishes (CentrarchidÊ); the sciÊnoids (SciÊnidÊ); the sparoids +||(SparidÊ); the serranoids (SerranidÊ), and some other related +||families. + +{ Per*cip"i*ence (?), Per*cip"i*en*cy (?), } n. The faculty, act or +power of perceiving; perception. Mrs. Browning. + +Per*cip"i*ent (?), a. [L. percipiens, -entis, p. pr. of percipere. See +Perceive.] Having the faculty of perception; perceiving; as, a +percipient being. Bentley. -- n. One who, or that which, is percipient. +Glanvill. + +Per*close" (?), n. [OF. parclose an inclosed place; L. per through + +claudere, clausum, to shut.] 1. (Eccl. Arch.) Same as Parclose. + +2. Conclusion; end. [Obs.] Sir W. Raleigh. + +Per"coid (?), a. [L. perca a perch + -oid: cf. F. percoÔde.] (Zoˆl.) +Belonging to, or resembling, the perches, or family PercidÊ. -- n. Any +fish of the genus Perca, or allied genera of the family PercidÊ. + +||Per*coi"de*a (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zoˆl.) Same as Perciformes. + +Per"co*late (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Percolated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Percolating.] [L. percolatus, p. p. of percolare to percolate; per +through + colare to strain.] To cause to pass through fine interstices, +as a liquor; to filter; to strain. Sir M. Hale. + +Per"co*late, v. i. To pass through fine interstices; to filter; as, +water percolates through porous stone. + +Per`co*la"tion (?), n. [L. percolatio.] The act or process of +percolating, or filtering; filtration; straining. Specifically +(Pharm.), the process of exhausting the virtues of a powdered drug by +letting a liquid filter slowly through it. + +Per"co*la`tor (?), n. One who, or that which, filters. "[Tissues] act +as percolators." Henfrey. + +||Per`co*mor"phi (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. L. perca perch + Gr. &?; form.] +||(Zoˆl.) A division of fishes including the perches and related kinds. + +Per"cu*laced (?), a. [Prob. corrupt. fr. portcullised.] (Her.) +Latticed. See Lattice, n., 2. + +Per*cur"rent (?), a. [L. percurrens, p. pr. of percurrere to run +through; per through + currere to run.] Running through the entire +length. + +Per*cur"so*ry (?), a. [L. percursor one who runs through, fr. +percurrere. See Percurrent.] Running over slightly or in haste; +cursory. [R.] + +Per*cuss" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Percussed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Percussing.] [L. percussus, p. p. of percutere; per + quatere to shake, +strike. See Quash.] To strike smartly; to strike upon or against; as, +to percuss the chest in medical examination. + + Flame percussed by air giveth a noise. + + +Bacon. + +Per*cuss", v. i. (Med.) To strike or tap in an examination by +percussion. See Percussion, 3. Quain. + +Per*cus"sion (?), n. [L. percussio: cf. F. percussion. See Percuss.] 1. +The act of percussing, or striking one body against another; forcible +collision, esp. such as gives a sound or report. Sir I. Newton. + +2. Hence: The effect of violent collision; vibratory shock; impression +of sound on the ear. + + The thunderlike percussion of thy sounds. + + +Shak. + +3. (Med.) The act of tapping or striking the surface of the body in +order to learn the condition of the parts beneath by the sound emitted +or the sensation imparted to the fingers. Percussion is said to be +immediate if the blow is directly upon the body; if some interventing +substance, as a pleximeter, is, used, it is called mediate. + +Center of percussion. See under Center. -- Percussion bullet, a bullet +containing a substance which is exploded by percussion; an explosive +bullet. -- Percussion cap, a small copper cap or cup, containing +fulminating powder, and used with a percussion lock to explode +gunpowder. -- Percussion fuze. See under Fuze. -- Percussion lock, the +lock of a gun that is fired by percussion upon fulminating powder. -- +Percussion match, a match which ignites by percussion. -- Percussion +powder, powder so composed as to ignite by slight percussion; +fulminating powder. -- Percussion sieve, Percussion table, a machine +for sorting ores by agitation in running water. + +Per*cuss"ive (?), a. Striking against; percutient; as, percussive +force. + +Per*cu"tient (?), a. [L. percutiens, p. pr. of percutere. See Percuss.] +Striking; having the power of striking. -- n. That which strikes, or +has power to strike. Bacon. + +Per"di*cine (?), a. [See Perdix.] (Zoˆl.) Of or pertaining to the +family PerdicidÊ, or partridges. + +Per*die" (?), adv. See Parde. Spenser. + +Per"di*foil (?), n. [L. perdere to lose + folium leaf.] (Bot.) A +deciduous plant; - - opposed to evergreen. J. Barton. + +Per*di"tion (?), n. [F., fr. L. perditio, fr. perdere, perditum, to +ruin, to lose; per (cf. Skr. par away) + -dere (only in comp.) to put; +akin to Gr. &?;, E. do. See Do.] 1. Entire loss; utter destruction; +ruin; esp., the utter loss of the soul, or of final happiness in a +future state; future misery or eternal death. + + The mere perdition of the Turkish fleet. + + +Shak. + + If we reject the truth, we seal our own perdition. + + +J. M. Mason. + +2. Loss of diminution. [Obs.] Shak. + +Per*di"tion*a*ble (?), a. Capable of being ruined; worthy of perdition. +[R.] Pollok. + +||Per"dix (pr"dks), n. [L., a partridge, Gr. pe`rdix.] (Zoˆl.) A genus +||of birds including the common European partridge. Formerly the word +||was used in a much wider sense to include many allied genera. + +Per*du" (pr*d" or pr"d), n. [See Perdu, a.] 1. One placed on watch, or +in ambush. + +2. A soldier sent on a forlorn hope. Shak. + +{ Per*du", Per*due" } (pr*d" or pr"d), a. [F. perdu, f. perdue, lost, +p. p. of perdre to lose, L. perdere. See Perdition.] 1. Lost to view; +in concealment or ambush; close. + + He should lie perdue who is to walk the round. + + +Fuller. + +2. Accustomed to, or employed in, desperate enterprises; hence, +reckless; hopeless. "A perdue captain." Beau. & Fl. + +Per`du*el"lion (?), n. [L. perduellio; per + duellum, bellum, war.] +(Civil Law) Treason. + +Per"du*lous (?), a. [See Perdu, a.] Lost; thrown away. [Obs.] Abp. +Bramhall. + +Per*dur`a*bil"i*ty (?), n. Durability; lastingness. [Archaic] Chaucer. + +Per*dur"a*ble (pr*dr"*b'l; 277), n. [Cf. F. perdurable, OE. pardurable. +See Perdure.] Very durable; lasting; continuing long. [Archaic] +Chaucer. Shak. + +-- Per*dur"a*bly, adv. [Archaic] + +{ Per*dur"ance (pr*dr"ans), Per`du*ra"tion (pr`d*r"shn), } n. Long +continuance. [Archaic] + +Per*dure" (pr*dr"), v. i. [L. perdurare; per through + durare to last.] +To last or endure for a long time; to be perdurable or lasting. +[Archaic] + + The mind perdures while its energizing may construct a thousand + lines. + + +Hickok. + +Per*dy" (?), adv. Truly. See Parde. [Obs.] + + Ah, dame! perdy ye have not done me right. + + +Spenser. + +Pere (?), n. A peer. [Obs.] Chaucer. + +Per*e"gal (?), a. [OF. par very (L. per) + egal equal, L. aequalis.] +Fully equal. [Obs.] Chaucer. "Peregal to the best." Spenser. + +Per"e*gri*nate (?), v. i. [L. peregrinatus, p. p. of peregrinari to +travel. See Pilgrim.] To travel from place to place, or from one +country to another; hence, to sojourn in foreign countries. + +Per"e*gri*nate (?), a. [L. peregrinatus, p. p.] Having traveled; +foreign. [Obs.] Shak. + +Per`e*gri*na"tion (?), n. [L. peregrinatio: cf. F. pÈrÈgrination.] A +traveling from one country to another; a wandering; sojourn in foreign +countries. "His peregrination abroad." Bacon. + +Per"e*gri*na`tor (?), n. [L.] One who peregrinates; one who travels +about. + +Per"e*grine (?), a. [L. peregrinus. See Pilgrim.] Foreign; not native; +extrinsic or from without; exotic. [Spelt also pelegrine.] "Peregrine +and preternatural heat." Bacon. + +Peregrine falcon (Zoˆl.), a courageous and swift falcon (Falco +peregrinus), remarkable for its wide distribution over all the +continents. The adult plumage is dark bluish ash on the back, nearly +black on the head and cheeks, white beneath, barred with black below +the throat. Called also peregrine hawk, duck hawk, game hawk, and +great-footed hawk. + +Per"e*grine (?), n. The peregrine falcon. + +Per`e*grin"i*ty (?), n. [L. peregrinitas: cf. F. pÈrÈgrinitÈ.] 1. +Foreignness; strangeness. [Obs.] "Somewhat of a peregrinity in their +dialect." Johnson. + +2. Travel; wandering. [R.] Carlyle. + +<! p. 1065 !> + +Per"el (?), n. Apparel. [Obs.] Chaucer. + +Per*empt" (?), v. t. [L. peremptus, p. p. of perimere to take away +entirely, to destroy; per (see Per-) + OL. emere to take. See Redeem.] +(Law) To destroy; to defeat. [R.] Ayliffe. + +Per*emp"tion (?), n. [L. peremptio: cf. F. pÈremption.] (Law) A +quashing; a defeating. [Obs.] + +Per"emp*to*ri*ly (?), adv. In a peremptory manner; absolutely; +positively. Bacon. + +Per"emp*to*ri*ness, n. The quality of being peremptory; positiveness. + +Per"emp*to*ry (?), a. [L. peremptorius destructive, deadly, decisive, +final: cf. F. pÈremptorie. See Perempt.] 1. Precluding debate or +expostulation; not admitting of question or appeal; positive; absolute; +decisive; conclusive; final. + + Think of heaven with hearty purposes and peremptory designs to get + thither. + + +Jer. Taylor. + +2. Positive in opinion or judgment; decided; dictatorial; dogmatical. + + Be not too positive and peremptory. + + +Bacon. + + Briefly, then, for we are peremptory. + + +Shak. + +3. Firmly determined; unawed. [Poetic] Shak. + +Peremptory challenge (Law) See under Challenge. -- Peremptory mandamus, +a final and absolute mandamus. -- Peremptory plea, a plea by a +defendant tending to impeach the plaintiff's right of action; a plea in +bar. + +Syn. -- Decisive; positive; absolute; authoritative; express; +arbitrary; dogmatical. + +Per*en"ni*al (?), a. [L. perennis that lasts the whole year through; +per through + annus year. See Per-, and Annual.] 1. ing or continuing +through the year; as, perennial fountains. + +2. Continuing without cessation or intermission; perpetual; unceasing; +never failing. + + The perennial existence of bodies corporate. + + +Burke. + +3. (Bot.) Continuing more than two years; as, a perennial steam, or +root, or plant. + +Syn. -- Perpetual; unceasing; never failing; enduring; continual; +permanent; uninterrupted. + +Per*en"ni*al, n. (Bot.) A perennial plant; a plant which lives or +continues more than two years, whether it retains its leaves in winter +or not. + +Per*en"ni*al*ly, adv. In a perennial manner. + +||Per*en`ni*bran`chi*a"ta (?), n. pl. [NL. See Perennial, and +||Branchia.] (Zoˆl.) Those Batrachia which retain their gills through +||life, as the menobranchus. + +Per*en`ni*bran"chi*ate (?), a. [See Perennial, and Branchiate.] 1. +(Anat.) Having branchÊ, or gills, through life; -- said especially of +certain Amphibia, like the menobranchus. Opposed to caducibranchiate. + +2. (Zoˆl.) Belonging to the Perennibranchiata. + +Per*en"ni*ty (?), n. [L. perennitas.] The quality of being perennial. +[R.] Derham. + +Per`er*ra"tion (?), n. [L. pererrare, pererratum, to wander through.] A +wandering, or rambling, through various places. [R.] Howell. + +Per"fect (?), a. [OE. parfit, OF. parfit, parfet, parfait, F. parfait, +L. perfectus, p. p. of perficere to carry to the end, to perform, +finish, perfect; per (see Per-) + facere to make, do. See Fact.] 1. +Brought to consummation or completeness; completed; not defective nor +redundant; having all the properties or qualities requisite to its +nature and kind; without flaw, fault, or blemish; without error; +mature; whole; pure; sound; right; correct. + + My strength is made perfect in weakness. + + +2 Cor. xii. 9. + + Three glorious suns, each one a perfect sun. + + +Shak. + + I fear I am not in my perfect mind. + + +Shak. + + O most entire perfect sacrifice! + + +Keble. + + God made thee perfect, not immutable. + + +Milton. + +2. Well informed; certain; sure. + + I am perfect that the Pannonains are now in arms. + + +Shak. + +3. (Bot.) Hermaphrodite; having both stamens and pistils; -- said of +flower. + +Perfect cadence (Mus.), a complete and satisfactory close in harmony, +as upon the tonic preceded by the dominant. -- Perfect chord (Mus.), a +concord or union of sounds which is perfectly coalescent and agreeable +to the ear, as the unison, octave, fifth, and fourth; a perfect +consonance; a common chord in its original position of keynote, third, +fifth, and octave. -- Perfect number (Arith.), a number equal to the +sum of all its divisors; as, 28, whose aliquot parts, or divisors, are +14, 7, 4, 2, 1. See Abundant number, under Abundant. Brande & C. -- +Perfect tense (Gram.), a tense which expresses an act or state +completed. + +Syn. -- Finished; consummate; complete; entire; faultless; blameless; +unblemished. + +Per"fect (?), n. The perfect tense, or a form in that tense. + +Per"fect (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Perfected; p. pr. & vb. n. +Perfecting.] [L. perfectus, p. p. of perficere. See Perfect, a.] To +make perfect; to finish or complete, so as to leave nothing wanting; to +give to anything all that is requisite to its nature and kind. + + God dwelleth in us, and his love is perfect in us. + + +1 John iv. 12. + + Inquire into the nature and properties of the things, . . . and + thereby perfect our ideas of their distinct species. + + +Locke. + +Perfecting press (Print.), a press in which the printing on both sides +of the paper is completed in one passage through the machine. + +Syn. -- To finish; accomplish; complete; consummate. + +Per"fect*er (?), n. One who, or that which, makes perfect. "The . . . +perfecter of our faith." Barrow. + +Per*fect`i*bil"i*an (?), n. A perfectionist. [R.] Ed. Rev. + +Per`fec*tib"i*list (?), n. A perfectionist. See also Illuminati, 2. +[R.] + +Per*fect`i*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. perfectibilitÈ.] The quality or +state of being perfectible. + +Per*fect"i*ble (?), a. [Cf. F. perfectible.] Capable of becoming, or +being made, perfect. + +Per*fec"tion (?), n. [F. perfection, L. perfectio.] 1. The quality or +state of being perfect or complete, so that nothing requisite is +wanting; entire development; consummate culture, skill, or moral +excellence; the highest attainable state or degree of excellence; +maturity; as, perfection in an art, in a science, or in a system; +perfection in form or degree; fruits in perfection. + +2. A quality, endowment, or acquirement completely excellent; an ideal +faultlessness; especially, the divine attribute of complete excellence. +Shak. + + What tongue can her perfections tell? + + +Sir P. Sidney. + +To perfection, in the highest degree of excellence; perfectly; as, to +imitate a model to perfection. + +Per*fec"tion, v. t. To perfect. [Obs.] Foote. + +Per*fec"tion*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to perfection; characterized +by perfection. [R.] Bp. Pearson. + +Per*fec"tion*ate (?), v. t. To perfect. Dryden. + +Per*fec"tion*ism (?), n. The doctrine of the Perfectionists. + +Per*fec"tion*ist, n. One pretending to perfection; esp., one pretending +to moral perfection; one who believes that persons may and do attain to +moral perfection and sinlessness in this life. South. + +Per*fec"tion*ment (?), n. [Cf. F. perfectionnement.] The act of +bringing to perfection, or the state of having attained to perfection. +[R.] I. Taylor. + +Per*fect"ive (?), a. Tending or conducing to make perfect, or to bring +to perfection; -- usually followed by of. "A perfective alteration." +Fuller. + + Actions perfective of their natures. + + +Ray. + +Per*fec"tive*ly, adv. In a perfective manner. + +Per"fect*ly (?), adv. In a perfect manner or degree; in or to +perfection; completely; wholly; throughly; faultlessly. "Perfectly +divine." Milton. + + As many as touched were made perfectly whole. + + +Matt. xiv. 36. + +Per"fect*ness, n. The quality or state of being perfect; perfection. +"Charity, which is the bond of perfectness." Col. iii. 14. + +Per*fer"vid (?), a. [Pref. per- + fervid.] Very fervid; too fervid; +glowing; ardent. + +Per*fi"cient (?), a. [L. perficiens, p. pr. of perficere to perform. +See Perfect.] Making or doing throughly; efficient; effectual. [R.] +Blackstone. + +Per*fi"cient, n. One who performs or perfects a work; especially, one +who endows a charity. [R.] + +Per*fid"i*ous (pr*fd"*s; 277), a. [L. perfidious.] 1. Guilty of +perfidy; violating good faith or vows; false to trust or confidence +reposed; teacherous; faithless; as, a perfidious friend. Shak. + +2. Involving, or characterized by, perfidy. "Involved in this +perfidious fraud." Milton. + +Per*fid"i*ous*ly, adv. In a perfidious manner. + +Per*fid"i*ous*ness, n. The quality of being perfidious; perfidy. +Clarendon. + +Per"fi*dy (pr"f*d), n.; pl. Perfidies (- dz). [L. perfidia, fr. L. +perfidus faithless; per (cf. Skr. par away) + fides faith: cf. F. +perfidie. See Faith.] The act of violating faith or allegiance; +violation of a promise or vow, or of trust reposed; faithlessness; +treachery. + + The ambition and perfidy of tyrants. + + +Macaulay. + + His perfidy to this sacred engagement. + + +DeQuincey. + +Per"fit (pr"ft), a. Perfect. [Obs.] Chaucer. + +Per*fix" (pr"fks), v. t. [Pref. per- + fix.] To fix surely; to appoint. +[Obs.] + +Per"fla*ble (?), a. [L. perflabilis. See Perflate.] Capable of being +blown through. [Obs.] + +Per*flate" (?), v. t. [L. perflatus, p. p. of perflare to blow +through.] To blow through. [Obs.] Harvey. + +Per*fla"tion (?), n. [L. perflatio.] The act of perflating. [Obs.] +Woodward. + +Per*fo"li*ate (?), a. [Pref. per- + L. folium leaf.] 1. (Bot.) Having +the basal part produced around the stem; -- said of leaves which the +stem apparently passes directory through. + +2. (Zoˆl.) Surrounded by a circle of hairs, or projections of any kind. + +Per`fo*ra"ta (pr`f*r"t), n. pl. [NL. See Perforate.] (Zoˆl.) (a) A +division of corals including those that have a porous texture, as +Porites and Madrepora; -- opposed to Aporosa. (b) A division of +Foraminifera, including those having perforated shells. + +Per"fo*rate (pr"f*rt), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Perforated (- r`td); p. pr. +& vb. n. Perforating.] [L. perforatus, p. p. of perforare to perforate; +per through + forare to bore. See Bore, v.] To bore through; to pierce +through with a pointed instrument; to make a hole or holes through by +boring or piercing; to pierce or penetrate the surface of. Bacon. + +{ Per"fo*rate (pr"f*rt), Per"fo*ra`ted (pr"f*r"td), } a. Pierced with a +hole or holes, or with pores; having transparent dots resembling holes. + +Per`fo*ra"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. perforation.] 1. The act of perforating, +or of boring or piercing through. Bacon. + +2. A hole made by boring or piercing; an aperture. "Slender +perforations." Sir T. Browne. + +Per"fo*ra*tive (?), a. [Cf. F. perforatif.] Having power to perforate +or pierce. + +Per"fo*ra`tor (?), n. [Cf. F. perforateur.] One who, or that which, +perforates; esp., a cephalotome. + +Per*force" (?), adv. [F. par (L. per) + force.] By force; of necessary; +at any rate. Shak. + +Per*force", v. t. To force; to compel. [Obs.] + +Per*form" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Performed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Performing.] [OE. performen, parfourmen, parfournen, OF. parfornir, +parfournir, to finish, complete; OF. & F. par (see Par) + fournir to +finish, complete. The word has been influenced by form; cf. L. +performare to form thoroughly. See Furnish.] 1. To carry through; to +bring to completion; to achieve; to accomplish; to execute; to do. + + I will cry unto God most high, unto God that performeth all things + for me. + + +Ps. lvii. 2. + + Great force to perform what they did attempt. + + +Sir P. Sidney. + +2. To discharge; to fulfill; to act up to; as, to perform a duty; to +perform a promise or a vow. + + To perform your father's will. + + +Shak. + +3. To represent; to act; to play; as in drama. + + Perform a part thou hast not done before. + + +Shak. + +Syn. -- To accomplish; do; act; transact; achieve; execute; discharge; +fulfill; effect; complete; consummate. See Accomplish. + +Per*form", v. i. To do, execute, or accomplish something; to acquit +one's self in any business; esp., to represent sometimes by action; to +act a part; to play on a musical instrument; as, the players perform +poorly; the musician performs on the organ. + +Per*form"a*ble (?), a. Admitting of being performed, done, or executed; +practicable. + +Per*form"ance (?), n. The act of performing; the carrying into +execution or action; execution; achievement; accomplishment; +representation by action; as, the performance of an undertaking of a +duty. + + Promises are not binding where the performance is impossible. + + +Paley. + +2. That which is performed or accomplished; a thing done or carried +through; an achievement; a deed; an act; a feat; esp., an action of an +elaborate or public character. "Her walking and other actual +performances." Shak. "His musical performances." Macaulay. + +Syn. -- Completion; consummation; execution; accomplishment; +achievement; production; work; act; action; deed; exploit; feat. + +Per*form"er (?), n. One who performs, accomplishes, or fulfills; as, a +good promiser, but a bad performer; especially, one who shows skill and +training in any art; as, a performer of the drama; a performer on the +harp. + +Per"fri*cate (?), v. t. [L. perfricatus, p. p. of perfricare.] To rub +over. Bailey. + +Per*fu"ma*to*ry (?), a. Emitting perfume; perfuming. [R.] Sir E. Leigh. + +Per*fume" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Perfumed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Perfuming.] [F. parfumer (cf. Sp. perfumar); par (see Par) + fumer to +smoke, L. fumare, fr. fumus smoke. See Fume.] To fill or impregnate +with a perfume; to scent. + + And Carmel's flowery top perfumes the skies. + + +Pope. + +Per"fume (?), n. [F. parfum; cf. Sp. perfume. See Perfume, v.] 1. The +scent, odor, or odoriferous particles emitted from a sweet-smelling +substance; a pleasant odor; fragrance; aroma. + + No rich perfumes refresh the fruitful field. + + +Pope. + +2. A substance that emits an agreeable odor. + + And thou shalt make it a perfume. + + +Ex. xxx. 35. + +Per*fum"er (?), n. 1. One who, oe that which, perfumes. + +2. One whose trade is to make or sell perfumes. + +Per*fum"er*y (?), n. 1. Perfumes, in general. + +2. [Cf. F. parfumerie.] The art of preparing perfumes. + +Per*func"to*ri*ly (?), adv. In a perfunctory manner; formally; +carelessly. Boyle. + +Per*func"to*ri*ness, n. The quality or state of being perfunctory. + +Per*func"to*ry (?), a. [L. perfunctorius, fr. perfunctus dispatched, p. +p. of perfungi to discharge, dispatch; per (see Per) + fungi to +perform. See Function.] 1. Done merely to get rid of a duty; performed +mechanically and as a thing of rote; done in a careless and superficial +manner; characterized by indifference; as, perfunctory admonitions. +Macaulay. + +2. Hence: Mechanical; indifferent; listless; careless. "Perfunctory in +his devotions." Sharp. + +Per*func"tu*rate (?), v. t. To perform in a perfunctory manner; to do +negligently. [R.] + +Per*fuse" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Perfused (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Perfusing.] [L. perfusus, p. p. of perfundere to pour over; per + +fundere to pour.] To suffuse; to fill full or to excess. Harvey. + +Per*fu"sion (?), n. [L. perfusio.] The act of perfusing. + +Per*fu"sive (?), a. Of a nature to flow over, or to spread through. + +{ Per`ga*me"no*us (?), Per`ga*men*ta"ceous (?), } a. [L. pergamena +parchment. See Parchment.] Like parchment. + +Per*haps" (?), adv. [Per + hap chance.] By chance; peradventure; +perchance; it may be. + + And pray God, if perhaps the thought of thine heart may be forgiven + thee. + + +Acts viii. 22. + +Per"i- (?). [Gr. &?;, prep.] A prefix used to signify around, by, near, +over, beyond, or to give an intensive sense; as, perimeter, the measure +around; perigee, point near the earth; periergy, work beyond what is +needed; perispherical, quite spherical. + +Pe"ri (?), n.; pl. Peris (#). [Per. per a female genus, a fairy.] +(Persian Myth.) An imaginary being, male or female, like an elf or +fairy, represented as a descendant of fallen angels, excluded from +paradise till penance is accomplished. Moore. + +<! p. 1066 !> + +Per`i*a"gua (?), n. See Pirogue. + +Per"i*anth (?), n. [Pref. peri- + Gr. &?; flower: cf. F. pÈrianthe.] +(Bot.) (a) The leaves of a flower generally, especially when the calyx +and corolla are not readily distinguished. (b) A saclike involucre +which incloses the young fruit in most hepatic mosses. See Illust. of +Hepatica. + +||Per`i*an"thi*um (?), n. [NL.] (Bot.) The perianth. + +Per"i*apt (?), n. [Gr. &?;, fr. &?; hung about, &?; to hang about; &?; +about + &?; to tie: cf. F. pÈriapte.] A charm worn as a protection +against disease or mischief; an amulet. Coleridge. + + Now help, ye charming spells and periapts. + + +Shak. + +Per`i*as"tral (?), a. Among or around the stars. "Comets in periastral +passage." R. A. Proctor. + +Per`i*as"tron (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; about + &?; a star.] (Astron.) +That point, in the real or apparent orbit of one star revolving around +another, at which the former is nearest to the latter. + +Per"i*au"ger (?), n. See Pirogue. W. Irving. + +Per"i*blast (?), a. [Gr. &?; to grow around. See Peri-, and -blast.] +(Biol.) The protoplasmic matter which surrounds the entoblast, or cell +nucleus, and undergoes segmentation. -- Per`i*blas"tic, a. + +Per"i*blem (?), n. [Pref. peri- + root of Gr. &?; to sprout.] (Bot.) +Nascent cortex, or immature cellular bark. + +||Pe*rib"o*los (?), n. [Nl., fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?;, adj., going round, +||fr. &?; to throw round; cf. L. peribolus.] In ancient architecture, +||an inclosed court, esp., one surrounding a temple. + +Per`i*bran"chi*al (?), a. (Anat.) Surrounding the branchiÊ; as, a +peribranchial cavity. + +Per`i*bran"chi*al (?), a. (Anat.) Around the bronchi or bronchial +tubes; as, the peribronchial lymphatics. + +||Per`i*cam"bi*um (?), n. [NL. See Peri-, and Cambium.] (Biol.) A layer +||of thin-walled young cells in a growing stem, in which layer certain +||new vessels originate. + +{ Per`i*car"di*ac (?), Per`i*car"di*al (?), } a. (Anat.) Of or +pertaining to pericardium; situated around the heart. + +Pericardial fluid (Physiol.), a serous fluid of a pale yellow color +contained in the pericardium. + +Per`i*car"di*an (?), a. Pericardiac. + +Per`i*car"dic (?), a. Pericardiac. + +||Per`i*car*di"tus (?), n. [NL. See Pericardium, and -itis.] (Med.) +||Inflammation of the pericardium. Dunglison. + +Per`i*car"di*um (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?; about or near the +heart; &?; about + &?; heart.] (Anat.) The double baglike fold of +serous membrane which incloses the heart. + +The inner layer is closely adherent to the outer surface of the heart, +and is called the cardiac pericardium. The outer layer loosely incloses +the heart and the adherent inner layer, and is called the parietal +pericardium. At the base of the heart the two layers are continuous, +and form a narrow closed cavity filled with fluid, in which the +pulsations of the heart cause little friction. + +Per"i*carp (?), n. [Gr. &?;; &?; around + &?; fruit: cf. F. pÈricarpe.] +(Bot.) The ripened ovary; the walls of the fruit. See Illusts. of +Capsule, Drupe, and Legume. + +{ Per`i*car"pi*al (?), Per`i*car"pic (?) }, a. (Bot.) Of or pertaining +to a pericarp. + +Per`i*cel"lu*lar (?), a. (Anat.) Surrounding a cell; as, the +pericellular lymph spaces surrounding ganglion cells. + +Per"i*chÊth (?), n. [See PerichÊtium.] (Bot.) The leafy involucre +surrounding the fruit stalk of mosses; perichÊtium; perichete. + +Per`i*chÊ"ti*al (?), a. (Bot.) Of or pertaining to the perichÊth. + +||Per`i*chÊ"ti*um (?), n.; pl. PerichÊtia (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?; about +||+ &?; flowing hair, foliage.] (Bot.) Same as PerichÊth. + +Per`i*chÊ"tous (?), a. [See PerichÊtium.] (Zoˆl.) Surrounded by setÊ; +-- said of certain earthworms (genus PerichÊtus). + +Per"i*chete (?), n. Same as PerichÊth. + +Per`i*chon"dri*al (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the +perichondrium; situated around cartilage. + +||Per`i*chon*dri"tis (?), n. [NL. See Perichondrium, and -itis.] (Med.) +||Inflammation of the perichondrium. + +||Per`i*chon"dri*um (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; around + &?; cartilage.] +||(Anat.) The membrane of fibrous connective tissue which closely +||invests cartilage, except where covering articular surfaces. + +Per`i*chor"dal (?), a. Around the notochord; as, a perichordal column. +See Epichordal. + +{ Per"i*clase (?), Per`i*cla"site (?), } n. [Pref. peri- + Gr. &?; to +break.] (Min.) A grayish or dark green mineral, consisting essentially +of magnesia (magnesium oxide), occurring in granular forms or in +isometric crystals. + +||Per`i*clin"i*um (?), n.; pl. Periclinia (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?; around +||+ &?; a bed.] (Bot.) The involucre which surrounds the common +||receptacle in composite flowers. + +Pe*ric"li*tate (?), v. t. [L. periclitatus, p. p. of periclitari, fr. +periculum.] To endanger. [Obs.] + + Periclitating, pardi! the whole family. + + +Sterne. + +Pe*ric`li*ta"tion (?), n. [L. periclitatio: cf. F. pÈriclitation.] 1. +Trial; experiment. [Obs.] + +2. The state of being in peril. [Obs.] + +||Pe*ric"o*pe (?), n. [L., section of a book, Gr. &?;; &?; around + &?; +||to cut.] A selection or extract from a book; especially (Theol.), a +||selection from the Bible, appointed to be read in the churches or +||used as a text for a sermon. + +Per`i*cra"ni*al (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the pericranium. + +Per`i*cra"ni*um (?), n. [NL.] (Anat.) The periosteum which covers the +cranium externally; the region around the cranium. + +Pe*ric"u*lous (?), a. [L. periculosus. See Perilous.] Dangerous; full +of peril. [Obs.] + +||Pe*ric"u*lum (?), n.; pl. Pericula (#). [L.] (Rom. & O.Eng. Law) 1. +||Danger; risk. + +2. In a narrower, judicial sense: Accident or casus, as distinguished +from dolus and culpa, and hence relieving one from the duty of +performing an obligation. + +Per"i*derm (?), n. 1. (Bot.) The outer layer of bark. + +2. (Zoˆl.) The hard outer covering of hydroids and other marine +animals; the perisarc. + +||Per`i*di*as"to*le (?), n. (Physiol.) The almost inappreciable time +||which elapses between the systole and the diastole of the heart. + +||Pe*rid"i*um (?), n.; pl. Peridia (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?; about + &?;, +||a dim. ending.] (Bot.) The envelope or coat of certain fungi, such as +||the puffballs and earthstars. + +Per"i*dot (?), n. [F. pÈridot.] (Min.) Chrysolite. + +Per"i*do*tite (?), n. [Cf. F. pÈridotite.] (Min.) An eruptive rock +characterized by the presence of chrysolite (peridot). It also usually +contains pyroxene, enstatite, chromite, etc. It is often altered to +serpentine. + +The chief diamond deposits in South Africa occur in a more or less +altered peridotite. + +Per"i*drome (?), n. [Gr. &?;, fr. &?; running around, fr. &?; to run +round; &?; round + &?; to run: cf. F. pÈridrome.] (ArchÊol.) The space +between the columns and the wall of the cella, in a Greek or a Roman +temple. + +Per`i*e"cians (?), n. pl. See Periúcians. + +||Per`i*en"te*ron (?), n. [NL. See Peri-, and Enteron.] (Anat.) The +||primitive perivisceral cavity. + +Per"i*er`gy (?), n. [Gr. &?;, fr. &?; overcareful; &?; about, beyond + +&?; work.] 1. Excessive care or diligence. [Obs.] + +2. (Rhet.) A bombastic or labored style. [R.] + +Per`i*gan`gli*on"ic (?), a. (Anat.) Surrounding a ganglion; as, the +periganglionic glands of the frog. + +Per`i*gas"tric (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Surrounding the stomach; -- applied to +the body cavity of Bryozoa and various other Invertebrata. + +Per`i*ge"an (?), a. Pertaining to the perigee. + +Perigean tides, those spring tides which occur soon after the moon +passes her perigee. + +{ Per"i*gee (?), Per`i*ge"um (?), } n. [NL. perigeum, fr. Gr. &?; +about, near + &?; the earth: cf. F. pÈrigÈe.] (Astron.) That point in +the orbit of the moon which is nearest to the earth; -- opposed to +apogee. It is sometimes, but rarely, used of the nearest points of +other orbits, as of a comet, a planet, etc. Called also epigee, +epigeum. + +Per`i*gen"e*sis (?), n. (Biol.) A theory which explains inheritance by +the transmission of the type of growth force possessed by one +generation to another. + +Per`i*gen"e*tic (?), a. (Biol.) Of or pertaining to perigenesis. + +Per"i*gone (?), n. [Pref. peri- + Gr. &?; productive organs.] 1. (Bot.) +(a) Any organ inclosing the essential organs of a flower; a perianth. +(b) In mosses, the involucral bracts of a male flower. + +2. (Zoˆl.) A sac which surrounds the generative bodies in the gonophore +of a hydroid. + +||Per`i*go"ni*um (?), n.; pl. Perigonia (#). [NL.] Same as Perigone. + +Per"i*gord pie` (?). [From PÈrigord, a former province of France.] A +pie made of truffles, much esteemed by epicures. + +Per"i*graph (?), n. [Gr. &?; outline; &?; round, about + &?; to write.] +A careless or inaccurate delineation of anything. [R.] + +||Per`i*gyn"i*um (?), n.; pl. Perigynia (#). [NL. See Perigynous.] +||(Bot.) Some unusual appendage about the pistil, as the bottle-shaped +||body in the sedges, and the bristles or scales in some other genera +||of the Sedge family, or CyperaceÊ. + +Pe*rig"y*nous (?), a. [Pref. peri- + Gr. &?; woman.] (Bot.) Having the +ovary free, but the petals and stamens borne on the calyx; -- said of +flower such as that of the cherry or peach. + +{ Per`i*hel"ion (?), Per`i*he"li*um (?), } n.; pl. Perihelia (#). [NL., +fr. Gr. &?; about, near + &?; the sun.] (Astron.) That point of the +orbit of a planet or comet which is nearest to the sun; -- opposed to +aphelion. + +Per"il (?), n. [F. pÈril, fr. L. periculum, periclum, akin to peritus +experienced, skilled, and E. fare. See Fare, and cf. Experience.] +Danger; risk; hazard; jeopardy; exposure of person or property to +injury, loss, or destruction. + + In perils of waters, in perils of robbers. + + +2 Cor. xi. 26. + + Adventure hard With peril great achieved. + + +Milton. + +At, or On, one's peril, with risk or danger to one; at the hazard of. +"On thy soul's peril." Shak. + +Syn. -- Hazard; risk; jeopardy. See Danger. + +Per"il, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Periled (?) or Perilled; p. pr. & vb. n. +Periling or Perilling.] To expose to danger; to hazard; to risk; as, to +peril one's life. + +Per"il (?), v. i. To be in danger. [Obs.] Milton. + +||Pe*ril"la (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] (Bot.) A genus of labiate +||herbs, of which one species (Perilla ocimoides, or P. Nankinensis) is +||often cultivated for its purple or variegated foliage. + +Per"il*ous (?), a. [OF. perillous, perilleus, F. pÈrilleux, L. +periculosus. See Peril.] [Written also perillous.] 1. Full of, attended +with, or involving, peril; dangerous; hazardous; as, a perilous +undertaking. + + Infamous hills, and sandy, perilous wilds. + + +Milton. + +2. Daring; reckless; dangerous. [Obs.] Latimer. + + For I am perilous with knife in hand. + + +Chaucer. + +-- Per"il*ous*ly, adv. -- Per"il*ous*ness, n. + +Per"i*lymph (?), n. (Anat.) The fluid which surrounds the membranous +labyrinth of the internal ear, and separates it from the walls of the +chambers in which the labyrinth lies. + +Per`i*lym*phan"gi*al (?), a. (Anat.) Around, or at the side of, a +lymphatic vessel. + +Per`i*lym*phat"ic (?), a. (Anat.) (a) Pertaining to, or containing, +perilymph. (b) Perilymphangial. + +Per*im"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. &?;; &?; around + &?; measure: cf. F. +pÈrimËtre.] 1. (Geom.) The outer boundary of a body or figure, or the +sum of all the sides. + +2. An instrument for determining the extent and shape of the field of +vision. + +{ Per`i*met"ric (?), Per`i*met"ric*al (?), } a. Of or pertaining to the +perimeter, or to perimetry; as, a perimetric chart of the eye. + +Per*im"e*try (?), n. The art of using the perimeter; measurement of the +field of vision. + +Per"i*morph (?), n. [Pref. peri- + Gr. &?; form.] (Min.) A crystal of +one species inclosing one of another species. See Endomorph. + +Per`i*my"sial (?), a. (Anat.) (a) Surrounding a muscle or muscles. (b) +Of or pertaining to the perimysium. + +||Per`i*my"si*um (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; about + &?; muscle.] (Anat.) +||The connective tissue sheath which surrounds a muscle, and sends +||partitions inwards between the bundles of muscular fibers. + +||Per`i*nÊ"um (?), n. See Perineum. + +Per`i*ne"al (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the perineum. + +Per`i*ne"o*plas`ty (?), n. [Perineum + -plasty.] (Med.) The act or +process of restoring an injured perineum. + +Per`i*ne*or"rha*phy (?), n. [Perineum + Gr. &?; to sew.] (Med.) The +operation of sewing up a ruptured perineum. + +||Per`i*ne*phri"tis (?), n. [NL. See Peri-, and Nephritis.] (Med.) +||Inflammation of the cellular tissue around the kidney. -- +||Per`i*ne*phrit"ic, a. + +||Per`i*ne"um (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, &?;.] (Anat.) The region which +||is included within the outlet of the pelvis, and is traversed by the +||urinogenital canal and the rectum. + +Per`i*neu"ri*al (?), a. (Anat.) Surrounding nerves or nerve fibers; of +or pertaining to the perineurium. + +||Per`i*neu"ri*um (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; about + &?; a nerve.] +||(Anat.) The connective tissue sheath which surrounds a bundle of +||nerve fibers. See Epineurium, and Neurilemma. + +Per`i*nu"cle*ar (?), a. (Biol.) Of or pertaining to a nucleus; situated +around a nucleus; as, the perinuclear protoplasm. + +Pe"ri*od (?), n. [L. periodus, Gr. &?; a going round, a way round, a +circumference, a period of time; &?; round, about + &?; a way: cf. F. +pÈriode.] 1. A portion of time as limited and determined by some +recurring phenomenon, as by the completion of a revolution of one of +the heavenly bodies; a division of time, as a series of years, months, +or days, in which something is completed, and ready to recommence and +go on in the same order; as, the period of the sun, or the earth, or a +comet. + +2. Hence: A stated and recurring interval of time; more generally, an +interval of time specified or left indefinite; a certain series of +years, months, days, or the like; a time; a cycle; an age; an epoch; +as, the period of the Roman republic. + + How by art to make plants more lasting than their ordinary period. + + +Bacon. + +3. (Geol.) One of the great divisions of geological time; as, the +Tertiary period; the Glacial period. See the Chart of Geology. + +4. The termination or completion of a revolution, cycle, series of +events, single event, or act; hence, a limit; a bound; an end; a +conclusion. Bacon. + + So spake the archangel Michael; then paused, As at the world's + great period. + + +Milton. + + Evils which shall never end till eternity hath a period. + + +Jer. Taylor. + + This is the period of my ambition. + + +Shak. + +5. (Rhet.) A complete sentence, from one full stop to another; esp., a +well-proportioned, harmonious sentence. "Devolved his rounded periods." +Tennyson. + + Periods are beautiful when they are not too long. + + +B. Johnson. + +The period, according to Heyse, is a compound sentence consisting of a +protasis and apodosis; according to Becker, it is the appropriate form +for the coˆrdinate propositions related by antithesis or causality. +Gibbs. + +6. (Print.) The punctuation point [.] that marks the end of a complete +sentence, or of an abbreviated word. + +7. (Math.) One of several similar sets of figures or terms usually +marked by points or commas placed at regular intervals, as in +numeration, in the extraction of roots, and in circulating decimals. + +<! p. 1067 !> + +8. (Med.) The time of the exacerbation and remission of a disease, or +of the paroxysm and intermission. + +9. (Mus.) A complete musical sentence. + +The period, the present or current time, as distinguished from all +other times. + +Syn. -- Time; date; epoch; era; age; duration; limit; bound; end; +conclusion; determination. + +Pe"ri*od (?), v. t. To put an end to. [Obs.] Shak. + +Pe"ri*od, v. i. To come to a period; to conclude. [Obs.] "You may +period upon this, that," etc. Felthman. + +Per*i"o*date (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of periodic acid. + +Per`i*od"ic (?), a. [Pref. per- + iodic.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, +derived from, or designating, the highest oxygen acid (HIO&?;) of +iodine. + +{ Pe`ri*od"ic (?), Pe`ri*od"ic*al (?), } a. [L. periodicus, Gr. &?;: +cf. F. pÈriodique.] 1. Of or pertaining to a period or periods, or to +division by periods. + + The periodicaltimes of all the satellites. + + +Sir J. Herschel. + +2. Performed in a period, or regular revolution; proceeding in a series +of successive circuits; as, the periodical motion of the planets round +the sun. + +3. Happening, by revolution, at a stated time; returning regularly, +after a certain period of time; acting, happening, or appearing, at +fixed intervals; recurring; as, periodical epidemics. + + The periodic return of a plant's flowering. + + +Henslow. + + To influence opinion through the periodical press. + + +Courthope. + +4. (Rhet.) Of or pertaining to a period; constituting a complete +sentence. + +Periodic comet (Astron.), a comet that moves about the sun in an +elliptic orbit; a comet that has been seen at two of its approaches to +the sun. -- Periodic function (Math.), a function whose values recur at +fixed intervals as the variable uniformly increases. The trigonomertic +functions, as sin x, tan x, etc., are periodic functions. Exponential +functions are also periodic, having an imaginary period, and the +elliptic functions have not only a real but an imaginary period, and +are hence called doubly periodic. -- Periodic law (Chem.), the +generalization that the properties of the chemical elements are +periodic functions of their atomic wieghts. "In other words, if the +elements are grouped in the order of their atomic weights, it will be +found that nearly the same properties recur periodically throughout the +entire series." The following tabular arrangement of the atomic weights +shows the regular recurrence of groups (under I., II., III., IV., +etc.), each consisting of members of the same natural family. The gaps +in the table indicate the probable existence of unknown elements. + +A similar relation had been enunciated in a crude way by Newlands; but +the law in its effective form was developed and elaborated by +Mendelejeff, whence it is sometimes called Mendelejeff's law. Important +extensions of it were also made by L. Meyer. By this means Mendelejeff +predicted with remarkable accuracy the hypothetical elements ekaboron, +ekaluminium, and ekasilicon, afterwards discovered and named +respectively scandium, gallium, and germanium. + +-- Periodic star (Astron.), a variable star whose changes of brightness +recur at fixed periods. -- Periodic time of a heavenly body (Astron.), +the time of a complete revolution of the body about the sun, or of a +satellite about its primary. + +Pe`ri*od"ic*al, n. A magazine or other publication which appears at +stated or regular intervals. + +Pe`ri*od"ic*al*ist, n. One who publishes, or writes for, a periodical. + +Pe`ri*od"ic*al*ly, adv. In a periodical manner. + +Pe`ri*od"ic*al*ness, n. Periodicity. + +Pe`ri*o*dic"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Periodicities (#). [Cf. F. pÈriodicitÈ.] +The quality or state of being periodical, or regularly recurrent; as, +the periodicity in the vital phenomena of plants. Henfrey. + +Per*i"o*dide (?), n. [Pref. per- + iodide.] An iodide containing a +higher proportion of iodine than any other iodide of the same substance +or series. + +Per`i*o*don"tal (?), a. [Pref. peri- + Gr. &?;, &?;, tooth.] (Anat.) +Surrounding the teeth. + +Pe`ri*od"o*scope (?), n. [Period + -scope.] (Med.) A table or other +means for calculating the periodical functions of women. Dunglison. + +{ ||Per`i*ú"ci, Per`i*ú"cians, } n. pl. [NL. perioeci, fr. Gr. &?;; &?; +around + &?; house, dwelling.] Those who live on the same parallel of +latitude but on opposite meridians, so that it is noon in one place +when it is midnight in the other. Compare Antúci. + +Per"i*o*ple (?), n. [F. pÈriople, from Gr. &?; about + &?; the hoof of +a horse.] (Anat.) The external smooth horny layer of the hoof of the +horse and allied animals. + +Per`i*op"lic (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the periople; +connected with the periople. + +Per`i*os"te*al (?), a. (Anat.) Situated around bone; of or pertaining +to the periosteum. + +||Per`i*os"te*um (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; round the bones; &?; around +||+ &?; a bone: cf. L. periosteon.] (Anat.) The membrane of fibrous +||connective tissue which closely invests all bones except at the +||articular surfaces. + +||Per`i*os*ti"tis (?), n. [NL. See Periosteum, and -itis.] (Med.) +||Inflammation of the periosteum. + +||Per`i*os"tra*cum (?), n.; pl. Periostraca (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?; +||around + &?; shell of a testacean.] (Zoˆl.) A chitinous membrane +||covering the exterior of many shells; -- called also epidermis. + +Per`i*o"tic (?), a. [Pref. peri- + Gr. &?;, &?;, the ear.] (Anat.) +Surrounding, or pertaining to the region surrounding, the internal ear; +as, the periotic capsule. -- n. A periotic bone. + +Per`i*pa*te"cian (?), n. A peripatetic. [Obs.] + +Per`i*pa*tet"ic (?), a. [L. peripateticus, Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to walk +about; &?; about + &?; to walk: cf. F. pÈripatÈtique.] 1. Walking +about; itinerant. + +2. Of or pertaining to the philosophy taught by Aristotle (who gave his +instructions while walking in the Lyceum at Athens), or to his +followers. "The true peripatetic school." Howell. + +Per`i*pa*tet"ic, n. 1. One who walks about; a pedestrian; an itinerant. +Tatler. + +2. A disciple of Aristotle; an Aristotelian. + +Per`i*pa*tet"ic*al (?), a. Peripatetic. [R.] Hales. + +Per`i*pa*tet"i*cism (?), n. [Cf. F. pÈripatÈtisme.] The doctrines or +philosophical system of the peripatetics. See Peripatetic, n., 2. Lond. +Sat. Rev. + +||Pe*rip"a*tus (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a walking about.] (Zoˆl.) A +||genus of lowly organized arthropods, found in South Africa, +||Australia, and tropical America. It constitutes the order Malacopoda. + +Per`i*pet"al*ous (?), a. (Bot.) Surrounding, or situated about, the +petals. + +Pe*riph"er*al (?), a. 1. Of or pertaining to a periphery; constituting +a periphery; peripheric. + +2. (Anat.) External; away from the center; as, the peripheral portion +of the nervous system. + +{ Per`i*pher"ic (?), Per`i*pher"ic*al (?), } a. [Cf. F. pÈriphÈrique. +See Periphery.] See Peripheral. + +Pe*riph"er*y (?), n.; pl. Peripheries (#). [L. peripheria, Gr. &?;; &?; +around + &?; to bear, carry: cf. F. pÈriphÈrie.] 1. The outside or +superficial portions of a body; the surface. + +2. (Geom.) The circumference of a circle, ellipse, or other figure. + +Per"i*phrase (?), n. [L. periphrasis, Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to think about, +to be expressed periphrastically; &?; + &?; to speak: cf. F. +pÈriphrase. See Phrase.] (Rhet.) The use of more words than are +necessary to express the idea; a roundabout, or indirect, way of +speaking; circumlocution. "To describe by enigmatic periphrases." De +Quincey. + +Per"i*phrase, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Periphrased (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Periphrasing.] [Cf. F. pÈriphraser.] To express by periphrase or +circumlocution. + +Per"i*phrase, v. i. To use circumlocution. + +||Pe*riph"ra*sis (?), n.; pl. Periphrases (#). [L.] See Periphrase. + +{ Per`i*phras"tic (?), Per`i*phras"tic*al (?), } a. [Gr. &?;: cf. F. +pÈriphrastique.] Expressing, or expressed, in more words than are +necessary; characterized by periphrase; circumlocutory. + +Periphrastic conjugation (Gram.), a conjugation formed by the use of +the simple verb with one or more auxiliaries. + +Per`i*phras"tic*al*ly, adv. With circumlocution. + +Per"i*plast (?), n. [Pref. peri- + Gr. &?; to mold, form.] (Biol.) Same +as Periblast. -- Per`i*plas"tic (#), a. Huxley. + +{ ||Per`ip*neu*mo"ni*a (?), Per`ip*neu"mo*ny (?), } n. [L. +peripneumonia, Gr. &?;: cf. F. pÈripneumonie. See Peri-, Pneumonia.] +(Med.) Pneumonia. (Obsoles.) + +Per`ip*neu*mon"ic (?), a. [L. peripneumonicus, Gr. &?;: cf. F. +pÈripneumonique.] (Med.) Of or pertaining to peripneumonia. + +Per"i*proct (?), n. [Pref. peri- + Gr. &?; the anus.] (Zoˆl.) The +region surrounding the anus, particularly of echinoderms. + +||Per`i*proc*ti"tis (?), n. [NL. See Peri-, and Proctitus.] (Med.) +||Inflammation of the tissues about the rectum. + +Pe*rip"ter*al (?), a. [Gr., fr. &?; + &?; feather, wing, row of +columns.] (Arch.) Having columns on all sides; -- said of an edifice. +See Apteral. + +Pe*rip"ter*ous (?), a. 1. (Arch.) Peripteral. + +2. (Zoˆl.) Feathered all around. + +Per"i*sarc (?), n. [Pref. peri- + Gr. &?;, &?;, flesh.] (Zoˆl.) The +outer, hardened integument which covers most hydroids. + +Pe*ris"cian (?), a. [Gr. &?;; &?; around + &?; shadow: cf. F. +pÈriscien.] Having the shadow moving all around. + +{ Pe*ris"cians (?), ||Pe*ris"ci*i (?), } n. pl. [NL. See Periscian.] +Those who live within a polar circle, whose shadows, during some summer +days, will move entirely round, falling toward every point of the +compass. + +Per"i*scope (?), n. [Pref. peri- + -scope.] A general or comprehensive +view. [R.] + +Per`i*scop"ic (?), a. [Cf. F. pÈriscopique.] Viewing all around, or on +all sides. + +Periscopic spectacles (Opt.), spectacles having concavo-convex or +convexo-concave lenses with a considerable curvature corresponding to +that of the eye, to increase the distinctness of objects viewed +obliquely. + +Per"ish (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Perished (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Perishing.] [OE. perissen, perisshen, F. pÈrir, p. pr. pÈrissant, L. +perire to go or run through, come to nothing, perish; per through + ire +to go. Cf. Issue, and see -ish.] To be destroyed; to pass away; to +become nothing; to be lost; to die; hence, to wither; to waste away. + + I perish with hunger! + + +Luke xv. 17. + + Grow up and perish, as the summer fly. + + +Milton. + + The thoughts of a soul that perish in thinking. + + +Locke. + +Per"ish, v. t. To cause perish. [Obs.] Bacon. + +Per`ish*a*bil"i*ty (?), n. Perishableness. + +Per"ish*a*ble (?), a. [F. pÈrissable.] Liable to perish; subject to +decay, destruction, or death; as, perishable goods; our perishable +bodies. + +Per"ish*a*ble*ness, n. The quality or state of being perishable; +liability to decay or destruction. Locke. + +Per"ish*a*bly, adv. In a perishable degree or manner. + +Per"ish*ment (?), n. [Cf. OF. perissement.] The act of perishing. [R.] +Udall. + +||Per`i*so"ma (?), n.; pl. Perisomata (#). [NL.] (Zoˆl.) Same as +||Perisome. + +Per"i*some (?), n. [Pref. peri- + -some body.] (Zoˆl.) The entire +covering of an invertebrate animal, as echinoderm or cúlenterate; the +integument. + +Per"i*sperm (?), n. [F. pÈrisperme. See Peri-, and Sperm.] (Bot.) The +albumen of a seed, especially that portion which is formed outside of +the embryo sac. -- Per`i*sper"mic (#), a. + +{ Per`i*spher"ic (?), Per`i*spher"ic*al (?), } a. Exactly spherical; +globular. + +||Per`i*spom"e*non (?), n.; pl. Perispomena (#). [NL., from Gr. &?;, +||pr. pass. p. of &?; to draw around, to circumflex; &?; around + &?; +||to draw.] (Gr. Gram.) A word which has the circumflex accent on the +||last syllable. Goodwin. + +Per"i*spore (?), n. (Bot.) The outer covering of a spore. + +Per"is*sad (?), a. [Gr. &?; odd, from &?; over.] (Chem.) Odd; not even; +-- said of elementary substances and of radicals whose valence is not +divisible by two without a remainder. Contrasted with artiad. + +Per"isse (?), v. i. To perish. [Obs.] Chaucer. + +Per`is*so*dac"tyl (?), n. (Zoˆl.) One of the Perissodactyla. + +||Per`is*so*dac"ty*la (?), n. pl. [NL., from Gr. &?; odd (fr. &?; over) +||+ &?; finger.] (Zoˆl.) A division of ungulate mammals, including +||those that have an odd number of toes, as the horse, tapir, and +||rhinoceros; -- opposed to Artiodactyla. + +Per`is*so*log"ic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. pÈrissologique.] Redundant or +excessive in words. [R.] + +Per`is*sol"o*gy (?), n. [L. perissologia, Gr. &?;; &?; odd, superfluous ++ &?; discourse.] Superfluity of words. [R.] G. Campbell. + +||Per`i*stal"sis (?), n. [NL. See Peristaltic.] (Physiol.) Peristaltic +||contraction or action. + +Per`i*stal"tic (?), a. [Gr. &?; clasping and compressing, fr. &?; to +surround, wrap up; &?; round + &?; to place, arrange: cf. F. +pÈristaltique.] (Physiol.) Applied to the peculiar wormlike wave motion +of the intestines and other similar structures, produced by the +successive contraction of the muscular fibers of their walls, forcing +their contents onwards; as, peristaltic movement. -- +Per`i*stal"tic*al*ly (#), adv. + +||Per`is*te"ri*a (?), n. [NL. See Peristerion.] (Bot.) A genus of +||orchidaceous plants. See Dove plant. + +||Per`is*te"ri*on (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a dovecote, a kind of +||verbena, fr. &?; a dove, pigeon; cf. L. peristereon.] (Bot.) The herb +||vervain (Verbena officinalis). + +Pe*ris"ter*ite (?), n. [Gr. &?; a pigeon.] (Min.) A variety of albite, +whitish and slightly iridescent like a pigeon's neck. + +Pe*ris`ter*o*mor"phous (?), a. [Gr. &?; a pigeon + -morphous.] (Zoˆl.) +Like or pertaining to the pigeons or ColumbÊ. + +Pe*ris`ter*op"o*dous (?), a. [Gr. &?; a pigeon + &?;, &?;, foot.] +(Zoˆl.) Having pigeonlike feet; -- said of those gallinaceous birds +that rest on all four toes, as the curassows and megapods. + +Pe*ris"to*le (?), n. [NL.: cf. F. pÈristole. See Peristaltic.] +(Physiol.) Peristaltic action, especially of the intestines. + +||Pe*ris"to*ma (?), n.; pl. Peristomata (#). [NL.] Same as Peristome. + +<! p. 1068 !> + +Per"i*stome (?), n. [Pref. peri- + Gr. &?;, &?;, mouth.] 1. (Bot.) The +fringe of teeth around the orifice of the capsule of mosses. It +consists of 4, 8, 16, 32, or 64 teeth, and may be either single or +double. + +2. (Zoˆl.) (a) The lip, or edge of the aperture, of a spiral shell. (b) +The membrane surrounding the mouth of an invertebrate animal. + +Per`i*sto"mi*al (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Of or pertaining to a peristome. + +||Per`i*sto"mi*um (?), n. [NL.] Same as Peristome. + +Per`i*streph"ic (?), a. [Gr. &?; to turn round.] Turning around; +rotatory; revolving; as, a peristrephic painting (of a panorama). + +Per"i*style (?), n. [L. peristylum, Gr. &?;, &?;; &?; about + &?; a +column: cf. F. pÈristyle.] (Arch.) A range of columns with their +entablature, etc.; specifically, a complete system of columns, whether +on all sides of a court, or surrounding a building, such as the cella +of a temple. Used in the former sense, it gives name to the larger and +inner court of a Roman dwelling, the peristyle. See Colonnade. + +Per`i*sys"to*le (?), n. [Pref. peri- + systole: cf. F. pÈrisystole.] +(Physiol.) The interval between the diastole and systole of the heart. +It is perceptible only in the dying. + +Pe*rite" (?), a. [L. peritus.] Skilled. [Obs.] + +||Per`i*the"ci*um (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; around + &?; box.] (Bot.) +||An organ in certain fungi and lichens, surrounding and enveloping the +||masses of fructification. Henslow. + +Pe*rit"o*mous (?), a. [Gr. &?; cut off all around. See Peri-, and +Tome.] (Min.) Cleaving in more directions than one, parallel to the +axis. + +Per`i*to*nÊ"um (?), n. (Anat.) Same as Peritoneum. + +Per`i*to*ne"al (?), a. [Cf. F. pÈritonÈal.] (Anat.) Of or pertaining to +the peritoneum. + +Per`i*to*ne"um (?), n. [L. peritoneum, peritonaeum, Gr. &?;, &?;, fr. +&?; to stretch all around or over; &?; around + &?; to stretch.] +(Anat.) The smooth serous membrane which lines the cavity of the +abdomen, or the whole body cavity when there is no diaphragm, and, +turning back, surrounds the viscera, forming a closed, or nearly +closed, sac. [Written also peritonÊum.] + +||Per`i*to*ni"tis (?), n. [NL. See Peritoneum, and -itis.] (Med.) +||Inflammation of the peritoneum. + +Per`i*tra"che*al (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Surrounding the tracheÊ. + +Per"i*treme (?), n. [Pref. peri- + Gr. &?; a hole.] (Zoˆl.) (a) That +part of the integument of an insect which surrounds the spiracles. (b) +The edge of the aperture of a univalve shell. + +||Pe*rit"ri*cha (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; about + &?;, &?;, hair.] +||(Zoˆl.) A division of ciliated Infusoria having a circle of cilia +||around the oral disk and sometimes another around the body. It +||includes the vorticellas. See Vorticella. + +||Per`i*tro"chi*um (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;; &?; around + &?; a +||wheel.] (Mech.) The wheel which, together with the axle, forms the +||axis in peritrochio, which see under Axis. + +Per*it"ro*pal (?), a. [Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to turn around; &?; around + +&?; to turn: cf. F. pÈritrope.] 1. Rotatory; circuitous. [R.] + +2. Having the axis of the seed perpendicular to the axis of the +pericarp to which it is attached. + +Per*it"ro*pous (?), a. Peritropal. + +||Per`i*typh*li"tis (?), n. [NL. See Peri-, and Typhlitis.] (Med.) +||Inflammation of the connective tissue about the cÊcum. + +Per`i*u"ter*ine (?), a. (Med.) Surrounding the uterus. + +Per`i*vas"cu*lar (?), a. Around the blood vessels; as, perivascular +lymphatics. + +Per`i*ver"te*bral (?), a. (Anat.) Surrounding the vertebrÊ. + +Per`i*vis"cer*al (?), a. (Anat.) Around the viscera; as, the +perivisceral cavity. + +Per`i*vi*tel"line (?), a. [Pref. peri- + vitelline.] (Biol.) Situated +around the vitellus, or between the vitellus and zona pellucida of an +ovum. + +Per"i*wig (?), n. [OE. perrwige, perwicke, corrupt. fr. F. perruque; +cf. OD. peruyk, from French. See Peruke, and cf. Wig.] A headdress of +false hair, usually covering the whole head, and representing the +natural hair; a wig. Shak. + +Per"i*wig, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Perwigged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Perwigging (?).] To dress with a periwig, or with false hair. Swift. + +Per"i*win`kle (?), n. [From AS. pinewincla a shellfish, in which pine- +is fr. L. pina, pinna, a kind of mussel, akin to Gr. &?;. Cf. Winkle.] +(Zoˆl.) Any small marine gastropod shell of the genus Littorina. The +common European species (Littorina littorea), in Europe extensively +used as food, has recently become naturalized abundantly on the +American coast. See Littorina. + +In America the name is often applied to several large univalves, as +Fulgur carica, and F. canaliculata. + +Per"i*win`kle, n. [OE. pervenke, AS. pervince, fr. L. pervinca.] (Bot.) +A trailing herb of the genus Vinca. + +The common perwinkle (Vinca minor) has opposite evergreen leaves and +solitary blue or white flowers in their axils. In America it is often +miscalled myrtle. See under Myrtle. + +Per"jen*et (?), n. [Cf. Pear, and Jenneting.] A kind of pear. [Obs.] +Chaucer. + +Per"jure (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Perjured (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Perjuring.] [F. parjurer, L. perjurare, perjerare; per through, over + +jurare to swear. See Jury.] 1. To cause to violate an oath or a vow; to +cause to make oath knowingly to what is untrue; to make guilty of +perjury; to forswear; to corrupt; -- often used reflexively; as, he +perjured himself. + + Want will perjure The ne'er-touched vestal. + + +Shak. + +2. To make a false oath to; to deceive by oaths and protestations. +[Obs.] + + And with a virgin innocence did pray For me, that perjured her. + + +J. Fletcher. + +Syn. -- To Perjure, Forswear. These words have been used +interchangeably; but there is a tendency to restrict perjure to that +species of forswearing which constitutes the crime of perjury at law, +namely, the willful violation of an oath administered by a magistrate +or according to law. + +Per"jure, n. [L. perjurus: cf. OF. parjur, F. parjure.] A perjured +person. [Obs.] Shak. + +Per"jured (?), a. Guilty of perjury; having sworn falsely; forsworn. +Shak. "Perjured persons." 1 Tim. i. 10. "Their perjured oath." Spenser. + +Per"jur*er (?), n. One who is guilty of perjury; one who perjures or +forswears, in any sense. + +{ Per*ju"ri*ous (?), Per"ju*rous (?), } a. [L. perjuriosus, perjurus.] +Guilty of perjury; containing perjury. [Obs.] Quarles. B. Johnson. + +Per"ju*ry (?), n.; pl. Perjuries (#). [L. perjurium. See Perjure, v.] +1. False swearing. + +2. (Law) At common law, a willfully false statement in a fact material +to the issue, made by a witness under oath in a competent judicial +proceeding. By statute the penalties of perjury are imposed on the +making of willfully false affirmations. + +If a man swear falsely in nonjudicial affidavits, it is made perjury by +statute in some jurisdictions in the United States. + +Perk (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Perked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Perking.] +[Cf. W. percu to trim, to make smart.] To make trim or smart; to +straighten up; to erect; to make a jaunty or saucy display of; as, to +perk the ears; to perk up one's head. Cowper. Sherburne. + +Perk, v. i. To exalt one's self; to bear one's self loftily. "To perk +over them." Barrow. + +To perk it, to carry one's self proudly or saucily. Pope. + +Perk, a. Smart; trim; spruce; jaunty; vain. "Perk as a peacock." +Spenser. + +Perk, v. i. To peer; to look inquisitively. Dickens. + +Per"kin (?), n. A kind of weak perry. + +Per"kin*ism (?), n. (Med.) A remedial treatment, by drawing the pointed +extremities of two rods, each of a different metal, over the affected +part; tractoration, -- first employed by Dr. Elisha Perkins of Norwich, +Conn. See Metallotherapy. + +Perk"y (?), a. Perk; pert; jaunty; trim. + + There amid perky larches and pines. + + +Tennyson. + +Per*la"ceous (?), a. [See Pearl.] Pearly; resembling pearl. + +Per"lid (?), n. (Zoˆl.) Any insect of the genus Perla, or family +PerlidÊ. See Stone fly, under Stone. + +Per"lite (?), n. (Min.) Same as Pearlite. + +Per*lit"ic (?), a. (Min.) Relating to or resembling perlite, or +pearlstone; as, the perlitic structure of certain rocks. See Pearlite. + +Per"lous (?), a. Perilous. [Obs.] Spenser. + +Per`lus*tra"tion (?), n. [L. perlustrare to wander all through, to +survey. See 3d Luster.] The act of viewing all over. [Archaic] Howell. + +Per"ma*na*ble (?), a. Permanent; durable. [Obs.] Lydgate. + +{ Per"ma*nence (?), Per"ma*nen*cy (?), } n. [Cf. F. permanence.] The +quality or state of being permanent; continuance in the same state or +place; duration; fixedness; as, the permanence of institutions; the +permanence of nature. + +Per"ma*nent (?), a. [L. permanens, -entis, p. pr. of permanere to stay +or remain to the end, to last; per + manere to remain: cf. F. +permanent. See Per-, and Mansion.] Continuing in the same state, or +without any change that destroys form or character; remaining unaltered +or unremoved; abiding; durable; fixed; stable; lasting; as, a permanent +impression. + + Eternity stands permanent and fixed. + + +Dryden. + +Permanent gases (Chem. & Physics), hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and +carbon monoxide; -- also called incondensible or incoercible gases, +before their liquefaction in 1877. -- Permanent way, the roadbed and +superstructure of a finished railway; -- so called in distinction from +the contractor's temporary way. -- Permanent white (Chem.), barium +sulphate (heavy spar), used as a white pigment or paint, in distinction +from white lead, which tarnishes and darkens from the formation of the +sulphide. + +Syn. -- Lasting; durable; constant. See Lasting. + +Per"ma*nent*ly, adv. In a permanent manner. + +Per*man"ga*nate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of permanganic acid. + +Potassium permanganate. (Chem.) See Potassium permanganate, under +Potassium. + +Per`man*gan"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, one of +the higher acids of manganese, HMnO4, which forms salts called +permanganates. + +Per*man"sion (?), n. [L. permansio. See Permanent.] Continuance. [Obs.] +Sir T. Browne. + +Per`me*a*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. permÈabilitÈ.] The quality or state +of being permeable. + +Magnetic permeability (Physics), the specific capacity of a body for +magnetic induction, or its conducting power for lines of magnetic +force. Sir W. Thomson. + +Per"me*a*ble (?), a. [L. permeabilis: cf. F. permÈable. See Permeate.] +Capable of being permeated, or passed through; yielding passage; +passable; penetrable; -- used especially of substances which allow the +passage of fluids; as, wood is permeable to oil; glass is permeable to +light. I. Taylor. + +Per"me*a*bly, adv. In a permeable manner. + +Per"me*ant (?), a. [L. permeans, p. pr.] Passing through; permeating. +[R.] Sir T. Browne. + +Per"me*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Permeated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Permeating.] [L. permeatus, p. p. of permeare to permeate; per + meare +to go, pass.] 1. To pass through the pores or interstices of; to +penetrate and pass through without causing rupture or displacement; -- +applied especially to fluids which pass through substances of loose +texture; as, water permeates sand. Woodward. + +2. To enter and spread through; to pervade. + + God was conceived to be diffused throughout the whole world, to + permeate and pervade all things. + + +Cudworth. + +Per`me*a"tion (?), n. The act of permeating, passing through, or +spreading throughout, the pores or interstices of any substance. + + Here is not a mere involution only, but a spiritual permeation and + inexistence. + + +Bp. Hall. + +Per"mi*an (?), a. [From the ancient kingdom of Permia, where the +Permian formation exists.] (Geol.) Belonging or relating to the period, +and also to the formation, next following the Carboniferous, and +regarded as closing the Carboniferous age and Paleozoic era. -- n. The +Permian period. See Chart of Geology. + +Per"mi*ans (?), n. pl.; sing. Permian (&?;). (Ethnol.) A tribe +belonging to the Finnic race, and inhabiting a portion of Russia. + +Per*mis"ci*ble (?), a. [L. permiscere to mingle; per + miscere to mix.] +Capable of being mixed. + +Per*miss" (?), n. [See Permit.] A permitted choice; a rhetorical figure +in which a thing is committed to the decision of one's opponent. [Obs.] +Milton. + +Per*mis`si*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality of being permissible; +permissibleness; allowableness. + +Per*mis"si*ble (?), a. That may be permitted; allowable; admissible. -- +Per*mis"si*ble*ness, n. -- Per*mis"si*bly, adv. + +Per*mis"sion (?), n. [L. permissio: cf. F. permission. See Permit.] The +act of permitting or allowing; formal consent; authorization; leave; +license or liberty granted. + + High permission of all-ruling Heaven. + + +Milton. + + You have given me your permission for this address. + + +Dryden. + +Syn. -- Leave; liberty; license. -- Leave, Permission. Leave implies +that the recipient may decide whether to use the license granted or +not. Permission is the absence on the part of another of anything +preventive, and in general, at least by implication, signifies +approval. + +Per*mis"sive (?), a. 1. Permitting; granting leave or liberty. "By his +permissive will." Milton. + +2. Permitted; tolerated; suffered. Milton. + +Per*mis"sive*ly, adv. In a permissive manner. + +Per*mis"tion (?), n. [L. permistio, permixtio, fr. permiscere, +permistum, and permixtum. See Permiscible.] The act of mixing; the +state of being mingled; mixture. [Written also permixtion.] + +Per*mit" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Permitted; p. pr. & vb. n. +Permitting.] [L. permittere, permissum, to let through, to allow, +permit; per + mittere to let go, send. See Per-, and Mission.] 1. To +consent to; to allow or suffer to be done; to tolerate; to put up with. + + What things God doth neither command nor forbid . . . he permitteth + with approbation either to be done or left undone. + + +Hooker. + +2. To grant (one) express license or liberty to do an act; to +authorize; to give leave; -- followed by an infinitive. + + Thou art permitted to speak for thyself. + + +Acis xxvi. 1. + +3. To give over; to resign; to leave; to commit. + + Let us not aggravate our sorrows, But to the gods permit the event + of things. + + +Addison. + +Syn. -- To allow; let; grant; admit; suffer; tolerate; endure; consent +to. -- To Allow, Permit, Suffer, Tolerate. To allow is more positive, +denoting (at least originally and etymologically) a decided assent, +either directly or by implication. To permit is more negative, and +imports only acquiescence or an abstinence from prevention. The +distinction, however, is often disregarded by good writers. To suffer +has a stronger passive or negative sense than to permit, sometimes +implying against the will, sometimes mere indifference. To tolerate is +to endure what is contrary to will or desire. To suffer and to tolerate +are sometimes used without discrimination. + +Per*mit", v. i. To grant permission; to allow. + +Per"mit (?), n. Warrant; license; leave; permission; specifically, a +written license or permission given to a person or persons having +authority; as, a permit to land goods subject to duty. + +Per*mit"tance (?), n. The act of permitting; allowance; permission; +leave. Milton. + +Per`mit*tee" (?), n. One to whom a permission or permit is given. + +Per*mit"ter (?), n. One who permits. + + A permitter, or not a hinderer, of sin. + + +J. Edwards. + +Per*mix" (?), v. t. To mix; to mingle. [Obs.] + +Per*mix"tion (?), n. See Permission. + +Per*mut"a*ble (?), a. [Cf. F. permutable.] Capable of being permuted; +exchangeable. -- Per*mut"a*ble*ness, n. -- Per*mut"a*bly, adv. + +Per`mu*ta"tion (?), n. [L. permutatio: cf. F. permutation. See +Permute.] 1. The act of permuting; exchange of the thing for another; +mutual transference; interchange. + + The violent convulsions and permutations that have been made in + property. + + +Burke. + +2. (Math.) (a) The arrangement of any determinate number of things, as +units, objects, letters, etc., in all possible orders, one after the +other; -- called also alternation. Cf. Combination, n., 4. (b) Any one +of such possible arrangements. + +3. (Law) Barter; exchange. + +Permutation lock, a lock in which the parts can be transposed or +shifted, so as to require different arrangements of the tumblers on +different occasions of unlocking. + +<! p. 1069 !> + +Per*mute" (?), v. t. [L. permutare, permutatum; per + mutare to change: +cf. F. permuter.] 1. To interchange; to transfer reciprocally. + +2. To exchange; to barter; to traffic. [Obs.] + + Bought, trucked, permuted, or given. + + +Hakluyt. + +Per*mut"er (?), n. One who permutes. + +Pern (?), v. t. [See Pernancy.] To take profit of; to make profitable. +[Obs.] Sylvester. + +Pern, n. (Zoˆl.) The honey buzzard. + +Per"nan*cy (?), n. [OF. prenance, fr. prendre, prenre, penre, to take, +L. prendere, prehendere.] (Law) A taking or reception, as the receiving +of rents or tithes in kind, the receiving of profits. Blackstone. + +Per"nel (?), n. See Pimpernel. [Obs.] + +Per*ni"cion (?), n. [See 2d Pernicious.] Destruction; perdition. [Obs.] +hudibras. + +Per*ni"cious (?), a. [L. pernix, -icis.] Quick; swift (to burn). [R.] +Milton. + +Per*ni"cious, a. [L. perniciosus, from pernicies destruction, from +pernecare to kill or slay outright; per + necare to kill, slay: cf. F. +pernicieux. Cf. Nuisance, Necromancy.] Having the quality of injuring +or killing; destructive; very mischievous; baleful; malicious; wicked. + + Let this pernicious hour Stand aye accursed in the calendar. + + +Shak. + + Pernicious to his health. + + +Prescott. + +Syn. -- Destructive; ruinous; deadly; noxious; injurious; baneful; +deleterious; hurtful; mischievous. + +-- Per*ni"cious*ly, adv., -- Per*ni"cious*ness, n. + +Per*nic"i*ty (?), n. [L. pernicitas. See 1st Pernicious.] Swiftness; +celerity. [R.] Ray. + +||Per"ni*o (?), n. [L.] (Med.) A chilblain. + +Per`noc*ta"li*an (?), n. One who watches or keeps awake all night. + +Per`noc*ta"tion (?), n. [L. pernoctatio, fr. pernoctare to stay all +night; per + nox, noctis, night.] The act or state of passing the whole +night; a remaining all night. "Pernoctation in prayer." Jer. Taylor. + +Per"nor (?), n. [See Pern, v.] (Law) One who receives the profits, as +of an estate. + +Per"not fur"nace (?). [So called from Charles Pernot, its inventor.] A +reverberatory furnace with a circular revolving hearth, -- used in +making steel. + +Per"ny*i moth" (?). (Zoˆl.) A silk- producing moth (Attacus Pernyi) +which feeds upon the oak. It has been introduced into Europe and +America from China. + +Per*of"skite (?), n. [From von Perovski, of St.Petersburg.] (Min.) A +titanate of lime occurring in octahedral or cubic crystals. [Written +also Perovskite.] + +Pe*rogue (?), n. See Pirogue. + +Per"o*nate (?), a. [L. peronatus rough&?;booted, fr. pero, -onis, a +kind of rough boot.] (Bot.) A term applied to the stipes or stalks of +certain fungi which are covered with a woolly substance which at length +becomes powdery. Henslow. + +Per`o*ne"al (?), a. [Gr. &?; the fibula.] (Anat.) Of or pertaining to +the fibula; in the region of the fibula. + +Per"o*rate (?), v. i. [See Peroration.] To make a peroration; to +harangue. [Colloq.] + +Per`o*ra"tion (?), n. [L. peroratio, fr. perorate, peroratum, to speak +from beginning to end; per + orate to speak. See Per-, and Oration.] +(Rhet.) The concluding part of an oration; especially, a final summing +up and enforcement of an argument. Burke. + +Per*ox`i*da"tion (?), n. Act, process, or result of peroxidizing; +oxidation to a peroxide. + +Per*ox"ide (?), n. (Chem.) An oxide containing more oxygen than some +other oxide of the same element. Formerly peroxides were regarded as +the highest oxides. Cf. Per-, 2. + +Per*ox"i*dize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Peroxidized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Peroxidizing.] (Chem.) To oxidize to the utmost degree, so as to form a +peroxide. + +Per*pend" (?), v. t. [L. perpendere, perpensum; per + pendere to +weight.] To weight carefully in the mind. [R.] "Perpend my words." +Shak. + +Per*pend", v. i. To attend; to be attentive. [R.] Shak. + +Per*pend"er (?), n. [F. parpaing, pierre parpaigne; of uncertain +origin.] (Masonry) A large stone reaching through a wall so as to +appear on both sides of it, and acting as a binder; -- called also +perbend, perpend stone, and perpent stone. + +Per*pen"di*cle (?), n. [L. perpendiculum; per + pendere to hang: cf. F. +perpendicule.] Something hanging straight down; a plumb line. [Obs.] + +Per`pen*dic"u*lar (?), a. [L. perpendicularis, perpendicularius: cf. F. +perpendiculaire. See Perpendicle, Pension.] 1. Exactly upright or +vertical; pointing to the zenith; at right angles to the plane of the +horizon; extending in a right line from any point toward the center of +the earth. + +2. (Geom.) At right angles to a given line or surface; as, the line ad +is perpendicular to the line bc. + +Perpendicular style (Arch.), a name given to the latest variety of +English Gothic architecture, which prevailed from the close of the 14th +century to the early part of the 16th; -- probably so called from the +vertical style of its window mullions. + +Per`pen*dic"u*lar (?), n. 1. A line at right angles to the plane of the +horizon; a vertical line or direction. + +2. (Geom.) A line or plane falling at right angles on another line or +surface, or making equal angles with it on each side. + +Per`pen*dic`u*lar"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. perpendicularitÈ.] The quality +or state of being perpendicular. + +Per`pen*dic"u*lar*ly (?), adv. In a perpendicular manner; vertically. + +Per"pend stone` (?). See Perpender. + +Per*pen"sion (?), n. [See Perpend.] Careful consideration; pondering. +[Obs.] Sir T. Browne. + +Per*pen"si*ty (?), n. Perpension. [Obs.] + +Per"pent stone` (?). See Perpender. + +Per*pes"sion (?), n. [L. perpessio, fr. perpeti, perpessus, to bear +steadfastly; per + pati to bear.] Suffering; endurance. [Obs.] Bp. +Pearson. + +Per"pe*tra"ble (?), a. Capable of being perpetrated. R. North. + +Per"pe*trate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Perpetrated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Perpetrating.] [L. perpetratus, p. p. of perpetrare to effect, +perpetrare; per + patrare to perform.] To do or perform; to carry +through; to execute, commonly in a bad sense; to commit (as a crime, an +offense); to be guilty of; as, to perpetrate a foul deed. + + What the worst perpetrate, or best endure. + + +Young. + +Per`pe*tra"tion (?), n. [L. perpetratio: cf. F. perpÈtration.] 1. The +act of perpetrating; a doing; -- commonly used of doing something +wrong, as a crime. + +2. The thing perpetrated; an evil action. + +Per"pe*tra`tor (?), n. [L.] One who perpetrates; esp., one who commits +an offense or crime. + +Per*pet"u*a*ble (?), a. Capable of being perpetuated or continued. + + Varieties are perpetuable, like species. + + +Gray. + +Per*pet"u*al (?), a. [OE. perpetuel, F. perpÈtuel, fr. L. perpetualis, +fr. perpetuus continuing throughout, continuous, fr. perpes, -etis, +lasting throughout.] Neverceasing; continuing forever or for an +unlimited time; unfailing; everlasting; continuous. + + Unto the kingdom of perpetual night. + + +Shak. + + Perpetual feast of nectared sweets. + + +Milton. + +Circle of perpetual apparition, or occultation. See under Circle. -- +Perpetual calendar, a calendar so devised that it may be adjusted for +any month or year. -- Perpetual curacy (Ch. of Eng.), a curacy in which +all the tithes are appropriated, and no vicarage is endowed. +Blackstone. -- Perpetual motion. See under Motion. -- Perpetual screw. +See Endless screw, under Screw. + +Syn. -- Continual; unceasing; endless; everlasting; incessant; +constant; eternal. See Constant. + +Per*pet"u*al*ly, adv. In a perpetual manner; constantly; continually. + + The Bible and Common Prayer Book in the vulgar tongue, being + perpetually read in churches, have proved a kind of standard for + language. + + +Swift. + +Per*pet"u*al*ty (?), n. The state or condition of being perpetual. +[Obs.] Testament of Love. + +Per*pet"u*ance (?), n. Perpetuity. [Obs.] + +Per*pet"u*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Perpetuated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Perpetuating.] [L. perpetuatus, p. p. of perpetuare to perpetuate. See +Perpetual.] To make perpetual; to cause to endure, or to be continued, +indefinitely; to preserve from extinction or oblivion; to eternize. +Addison. Burke. + +Per*pet"u*ate (?), a. [L. perpetuatus, p. p.] Made perpetual; +perpetuated. [R.] Southey. + +Per*pet`u*a"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. perpÈtuation.] The act of making +perpetual, or of preserving from extinction through an endless +existence, or for an indefinite period of time; continuance. Sir T. +Browne. + +Per`pe*tu"i*ty (?), n. [L. perpetuitas: cf. F. perpÈtuitÈ.] 1. The +quality or state of being perpetual; as, the perpetuity of laws. Bacon. + + A path to perpetuity of fame. + + +Byron. + + The perpetuity of single emotion is insanity. + + +I. Taylor. + +2. Something that is perpetual. South. + +3. Endless time. "And yet we should, for perpetuity, go hence in debt." +Shak. + +4. (Annuities) (a) The number of years in which the simple interest of +any sum becomes equal to the principal. (b) The number of years' +purchase to be given for an annuity to continue forever. (c) A +perpetual annuity. + +5. (Law) (a) Duration without limitations as to time. (b) The quality +or condition of an estate by which it becomes inalienable, either +perpetually or for a very long period; also, the estate itself so +modified or perpetuated. + +Per*plex" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Perplexed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Perplexing.] [L. perplexari. See Perplex, a.] 1. To involve; to +entangle; to make intricate or complicated, and difficult to be +unraveled or understood; as, to perplex one with doubts. + + No artful wildness to perplex the scene. + + +Pope. + + What was thought obscure, perplexed, and too hard for our weak + parts, will lie open to the understanding in a fair view. + + +Locke. + +2. To embarrass; to puzzle; to distract; to bewilder; to confuse; to +trouble with ambiguity, suspense, or anxiety. "Perplexd beyond +self-explication." Shak. + + We are perplexed, but not in despair. + + +2 Cor. iv. 8. + + We can distinguish no general truths, or at least shall be apt to + perplex the mind. + + +Locke. + +3. To plague; to vex; to tormen. Glanvill. + +Syn. -- To entangle; involve; complicate; embarrass; puzzle; bewilder; +confuse; distract. See Embarrass. + +Per*plex", a. [L. perplexus entangled, intricate; per + plectere, +plexum, to plait, braid: cf. F. perplexe. See Per-, and Plait.] +Intricate; difficult. [Obs.] Glanvill. + +Per*plexed" (?), a. Entangled, involved, or confused; hence, +embarrassd; puzzled; doubtful; anxious. -- Per*plex"ed*ly (#), adv. -- +Per*plex"ed*ness, n. + +Per*plex"ing (?), a. Embarrassing; puzzling; troublesome. "Perplexing +thoughts." Milton. + +Per*plex"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Perplexities (#). [L. perplexitas: cf. F. +perplexitÈ.] The quality or state of being perplexed or puzzled; +complication; intricacy; entanglement; distraction of mind through +doubt or difficulty; embarrassment; bewilderment; doubt. + + By their own perplexities involved, They ravel more. + + +Milton. + +Per*plex"ive*ness (?), n. The quality of being perplexing; tendency to +perplex. [Obs.] Dr. H. More. + +Per*plex"ly, adv. Perplexedly. [Obs.] Milton. + +Per`po*ta"tion (?), n. [L. perpotatio, fr. perpotate. See Per-, and +Potation.] The act of drinking excessively; a drinking bout. [Obs.] + +Per"qui*site (?), n. [L. perquisitum, fr. perquisitus, p. p. of +perquirere to ask for diligently; per + quaerere to seek. See Per-, and +Quest.] 1. Something gained from a place or employment over and above +the ordinary salary or fixed wages for services rendered; especially, a +fee allowed by law to an officer for a specific service. + + The pillage of a place taken by storm was regarded as the + perquisite of the soldiers. + + +Prescott. + + The best perquisites of a place are the advantages it gaves a man + of doing good. + + +Addison. + +2. pl. (Law) Things gotten by a man's own industry, or purchased with +his own money, as opposed to things which come to him by descent. +Mozley & W. + +Per"qui*sit*ed, a. Supplied with perquisites. [Obs.] "Perquisited +varlets frequent stand." Savage. + +Per`qui*si"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. perquisition.] A thorough inquiry of +search. [R.] Berkeley. + +Per*ra"di*al (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Situated around the radii, or radial +tubes, of a radiate. + +Per"rie (?), n. [F. pierreries, pl., fr. pierre stone, L. petra.] +Precious stones; jewels. [Obs.] [Written also perre, perrye, etc.] +Chaucer. + +Per"ri*er (?), n. [OF. perriere, perrier, F. perrier. Cf. Pederero.] +(Mil.) A short mortar used formerly for throwing stone shot. Hakluyt. + +Per`ro*quet" (?), n. [F.] (Zoˆl.) See Paroquet, Parakeet. + +||Per`ruque" (?), n. [F.] See Peruke. + +Per*ru"qui*er (?), n. [F.] A marker of perukes or wigs. + +Per"ry (?), n. [OF. perÈ, F. poirÈ, fr. poire a pear, L. pirum. See +Pear the fruit.] A fermented liquor made from pears; pear cider. +Mortimer. + +Per"ry, n. A suddent squall. See Pirry. [Obs.] + +Pers (?), a. [F. pers.] Light blue; grayish blue; -- a term applied to +different shades at different periods. -- n. A cloth of sky-blue color. +[Obs.] "A long surcoat of pers." Chaucer. + +Per"salt` (?), n. (Chem.) A term formerly given to the salts supposed +to be formed respectively by neutralizing acids with certain peroxides. +[Obsoles.] + +Per"sant (?), a. [F. perÁant, p. pr. of percer to pierce.] Piercing. +[Obs.] Spenser. + +Per`scru*ta"tion (?), n. [L. perscrutatio, fr. perscrutari to search +through.] A thorough searching; a minute inquiry or scrutiny. Carlyle + +Per"se*cot (?), n. See Persicot. + +Per"se*cute (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Persecuted (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Persecuting.] [F. persÈcueter, L. persequi, persecutus, to pursue, +prosecute; per + sequi to follow, pursue. See Per-, and Second.] 1. To +pursue in a manner to injure, grieve, or afflict; to beset with cruelty +or malignity; to harass; especially, to afflict, harass, punish, or put +to death, for adherence to a particular religious creed or mode of +worship. + + Do good to them that hate you, and pray for them which despitefully + use you, and persecute you. + + +Matt. v. 44. + +2. To harass with importunity; to pursue with persistent solicitations; +to annoy. Johnson. + +Syn. -- To oppress; harass; distress; worry; annoy. + +Per`se*cu"tion (?), n. [F. persÈcution, L. persecutio.] 1. The act or +practice of persecuting; especially, the infliction of loss, pain, or +death for adherence to a particular creed or mode of worship. + + Persecution produces no sincere conviction. + + +Paley. + +2. The state or condition of being persecuted. Locke. + +3. A carrying on; prosecution. [Obs.] + +Per"se*cu`tor (?), n. [L.: cf. F. persÈcuteur.] One who persecutes, or +harasses. Shak. + +Per"se*cu`trix (?), n. [L.] A woman who persecutes. + +Per"se*id (?), n. (Astron.) One of a group of shooting stars which +appear yearly about the 10th of August, and cross the heavens in paths +apparently radiating from the constellation Perseus. They are beleived +to be fragments once connected with a comet visible in 1862. + +Per"se*us (?), n. [L., from Gr. &?;.] 1. (Class. Myth.) A Grecian +legendary hero, son of Jupiter and DanaÎ, who slew the Gorgon Medusa. + +2. (Astron.) A consellation of the northern hemisphere, near Taurus and +Cassiopea. It contains a star cluster visible to the naked eye as a +nebula. + +Per*sev"er (?), v. i. To persevere. [Obs.] + +Per`se*ver"ance (?), n. [F. persÈvÈrance, L. perseverantia.] 1. The act +of persevering; persistence in anything undertaken; continued pursuit +or prosecution of any business, or enterprise begun. "The king-becoming +graces . . . perseverance, mercy, lowliness." Shak. + + Whose constant perseverance overcame Whate'er his cruel malice + could invent. + + +Milton. + +2. Discrimination. [Obs.] Sir J. Harrington. + +3. (Theol.) Continuance in a state of grace until it is succeeded by a +state of glory; sometimes called final perseverance, and the +perseverance of the saints. See Calvinism. + +Syn. -- Persistence; steadfastness; constancy; steadiness; pertinacity. + +<! p. 1070 !> + +Per`se*ver"ant (?), a. [L. perseverans, -antis, p. pr.: cf. F. +persÈvÈrant.] Persevering. [R.] "Perseverant faith." Whitby. -- +Per`se*ver"ant*ly, adv. [R.] + +Per`se*vere" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Persevered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Persevering.] [F. persÈvÈrer, L. perseverare, fr. perseverus very +strict; per + severus strict, severe. See Per-, and Severe.] To persist +in any business or enterprise undertaken; to pursue steadily any +project or course begun; to maintain a purpose in spite of counter +influences, opposition, or discouragement; not to give or abandon what +is undertaken. + + Thrice happy, if they know Their happiness, and persevere upright. + + +Milton. + +Syn. -- To Persevere, Continue, Persist. The idea of not laying aside +is common to these words. Continue is the generic term, denoting simply +to do as one has done hitherto. To persevere is to continue in a given +course in spite of discouragements, etc., from a desire to obtain our +end. To persist is to continue from a determination of will not to give +up. Persist is frequently used in a bad sense, implying obstinacy in +pursuing an unworthy aim. + +Per`se*ver"ing (?), a. Characterized by perseverance; persistent. -- +Per`se*ver"ing*ly, adv. + +Per"sian (?), a. [From Persia: cf. It. Persiano. Cf. Parsee, Peach, +Persic.] Of or pertaining to Persia, to the Persians, or to their +language. + +Persian berry, the fruit of Rhamnus infectorius, a kind of buckthorn, +used for dyeing yellow, and imported chiefly from Trebizond. -- Persian +cat. (Zoˆl.) Same as Angora cat, under Angora. -- Persian columns +(Arch.), columns of which the shaft represents a Persian slave; -- +called also Persians. See Atlantes. -- Persian drill (Mech.), a drill +which is turned by pushing a nut back and forth along a spirally +grooved drill holder. -- Persian fire (Med.), malignant pustule. -- +Persian powder. See Insect powder, under Insect. -- Persian red. See +Indian red (a), under Indian. -- Persian wheel, a noria; a tympanum. +See Noria. + +Per"sian, n. 1. A native or inhabitant of Persia. + +2. The language spoken in Persia. + +3. A thin silk fabric, used formerly for linings. Beck. + +4. pl. (Arch.) See Persian columns, under Persian, a. + +Per"sic (?), a. [L. Persicus. Cf. Persian.] Of or relating to Persia. +-- n. The Persian language. + +||Per`si*ca"ri*a (?), n. [NL., from LL. persicarius a peach tree. See +||Peach.] (Bot.) See Lady's thumb. + +Per"si*cot (?), n. [F. See Peach.] A cordial made of the kernels of +apricots, nectarines, etc., with refined spirit. + +||Per`si`flage" (?), n. [F., fr. persifler to quiz, fr. L. per + +||siffler to whistle, hiss, L. sibilare, sifilare.] Frivolous or +||bantering talk; a frivolous manner of treating any subject, whether +||serious or otherwise; light raillery. Hannah More. + +||Per`si`fleur (?), n. [F.] One who indulges in persiflage; a banterer; +||a quiz. Carlyle. + +Per*sim"mon (?), n. [Virginia Indian.] (Bot.) An American tree +(Diospyros Virginiana) and its fruit, found from New York southward. +The fruit is like a plum in appearance, but is very harsh and +astringent until it has been exposed to frost, when it becomes +palatable and nutritious. + +Japanese persimmon, Diospyros Kaki and its red or yellow edible fruit, +which outwardly resembles a tomato, but contains a few large seeds. + +Per"sis (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] A kind of coloring matter obtained +from lichens. + +Per"sism (?), n. A Persian idiom. + +Per*sist" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Persisted; p. pr. & vb. n. +Persisting.] [L. persistere; per + sistere to stand or be fixed, fr. +stare to stand: cf. F. persister. See Per-, and Stand.] To stand firm; +to be fixed and unmoved; to stay; to continue steadfastly; especially, +to continue fixed in a course of conduct against opposing motives; to +persevere; - - sometimes conveying an unfavorable notion, as of +doggedness or obstinacy. + + If they persist in pointing their batteries against particular + persons, no laws of war forbid the making reprisals. + + +Addison. + + Some positive, persisting fops we know, Who, if once wrong, will + needs be always so. + + +Pope. + + That face persists. It floats up; it turns over in my mind. + + +Mrs. Browning. + +Syn. -- See Persevere, and Insist. + +{ Per*sist"ence (?), Per*sist"en*cy (?), } n. [See Persistent.] 1. The +quality or state of being persistent; staying or continuing quality; +hence, in an unfavorable sense, doggedness; obstinacy. + +2. The continuance of an effect after the cause which first gave rise +to it is removed; as: (a) (Physics) The persistence of motion. (b) +(Physiol.) Visual persistence, or persistence of the visual impression; +auditory persistence, etc. + +Per*sist"ent (?), a. [L. persistens, -entis, p. pr. of persistere. See +Persist.] 1. Inclined to persist; having staying qualities; tenacious +of position or purpose. + +2. (Biol.) Remaining beyond the period when parts of the same kind +sometimes fall off or are absorbed; permanent; as, persistent teeth or +gills; a persistent calyx; -- opposed to deciduous, and caducous. + +Per*sist"ent*ly, adv. In a persistent manner. + +Per*sist"ing, a. Inclined to persist; tenacious of purpose; persistent. +-- Per*sist"ing*ly, adv. + +Per*sist"ive (?), a. See Persistent. Shak. + +Per*solve" (?), v. t. [L. persolvere.] To pay wholly, or fully. [Obs.] +E. Hall. + +Per"son (?), n. [OE. persone, persoun, person, parson, OF. persone, F. +personne, L. persona a mask (used by actors), a personage, part, a +person, fr. personare to sound through; per + sonare to sound. See +Per-, and cf. Parson.] 1. A character or part, as in a play; a specific +kind or manifestation of individual character, whether in real life, or +in literary or dramatic representation; an assumed character. [Archaic] + + His first appearance upon the stage in his new person of a + sycophant or juggler. + + +Bacon. + + No man can long put on a person and act a part. + + +Jer. Taylor. + + To bear rule, which was thy part And person, hadst thou known + thyself aright. + + +Milton. + + How different is the same man from himself, as he sustains the + person of a magistrate and that of a friend! + + +South. + +2. The bodily form of a human being; body; outward appearance; as, of +comely person. + + A fair persone, and strong, and young of age. + + +Chaucer. + + If it assume my noble father's person. + + +Shak. + + Love, sweetness, goodness, in her person shined. + + +Milton. + +3. A living, self-conscious being, as distinct from an animal or a +thing; a moral agent; a human being; a man, woman, or child. + + Consider what person stands for; which, I think, is a thinking, + intelligent being, that has reason and reflection. + + +Locke. + +4. A human being spoken of indefinitely; one; a man; as, any person +present. + +5. A parson; the parish priest. [Obs.] Chaucer. + +6. (Theol.) Among Trinitarians, one of the three subdivisions of the +Godhead (the Father, the Son, and the Holy Ghost); an hypostasis. +"Three persons and one God." Bk. of Com. Prayer. + +7. (Gram.) One of three relations or conditions (that of speaking, that +of being spoken to, and that of being spoken of) pertaining to a noun +or a pronoun, and thence also to the verb of which it may be the +subject. + +A noun or pronoun, when representing the speaker, is said to be in the +first person; when representing what is spoken to, in the second +person; when representing what is spoken of, in the third person. + +8. (Biol.) A shoot or bud of a plant; a polyp or zooid of the compound +Hydrozoa Anthozoa, etc.; also, an individual, in the narrowest sense, +among the higher animals. Haeckel. + + True corms, composed of united personÊ . . . usually arise by + gemmation, . . . yet in sponges and corals occasionally by fusion + of several originally distinct persons. + + +Encyc. Brit. + +Artificial, or Fictitious, person (Law), a corporation or body politic. +blackstone. -- Natural person (Law), a man, woman, or child, in +distinction from a corporation. -- In person, by one's self; with +bodily presence; not by representative. "The king himself in person is +set forth." Shak. -- In the person of, in the place of; acting for. +Shak. + +Per"son (?), v. t. To represent as a person; to personify; to +impersonate. [Obs.] Milton. + +||Per*so"na (?), n.; pl. PersonÊ (#). [L.] (Biol.) Same as Person, n., +||8. + +Per"son*a*ble (?), a. 1. Having a well-formed body, or person; +graceful; comely; of good appearance; presentable; as, a personable man +or woman. + + Wise, warlike, personable, courteous, and kind. + + +Spenser. + + The king, . . . so visited with sickness, was not personable. + + +E. Hall. + +2. (Law) (a) Enabled to maintain pleas in court. Cowell. (b) Having +capacity to take anything granted. + +Per"son*age (?), n. [F. personnage.] 1. Form, appearance, or belongings +of a person; the external appearance, stature, figure, air, and the +like, of a person. "In personage stately." Hayward. + + The damsel well did view his personage. + + +Spenser. + +2. Character assumed or represented. "The actors and personages of this +fable." Broome. "Disguised in a false personage." Addison. + +3. A notable or distinguished person; a conspicious or peculiar +character; as, an illustrious personage; a comely personage of stature +tall. Spenser. + +Per"son*al (?), a. [L. personalis: cf. F. personnel.] 1. Pertaining to +human beings as distinct from things. + + Every man so termed by way of personal difference. + + +Hooker. + +2. Of or pertaining to a particular person; relating to, or affecting, +an individual, or each of many individuals; peculiar or proper to +private concerns; not public or general; as, personal comfort; personal +desire. + + The words are conditional, -- If thou doest well, -- and so + personal to Cain. + + +Locke. + +3. Pertaining to the external or bodily appearance; corporeal; as, +personal charms. Addison. + +4. Done in person; without the intervention of another. "Personal +communication." Fabyan. + + The immediate and personal speaking of God. + + +White. + +5. Relating to an individual, his character, conduct, motives, or +private affairs, in an invidious and offensive manner; as, personal +reflections or remarks. + +6. (Gram.) Denoting person; as, a personal pronoun. + +Personal action (Law), a suit or action by which a man claims a debt or +personal duty, or damages in lieu of it; or wherein he claims +satisfaction in damages for an injury to his person or property, or the +specific recovery of goods or chattels; -- opposed to real action. -- +Personal equation. (Astron.) See under Equation. -- Personal estate or +property (Law), movables; chattels; -- opposed to real estate or +property. It usually consists of things temporary and movable, +including all subjects of property not of a freehold nature. -- +Personal identity (Metaph.), the persistent and continuous unity of the +individual person, which is attested by consciousness. -- Personal +pronoun (Gram.), one of the pronouns I, thou, he, she, it, and their +plurals. -- Personal representatives (Law), the executors or +administrators of a person deceased. -- Personal rights, rights +appertaining to the person; as, the rights of a personal security, +personal liberty, and private property. -- Personal tithes. See under +Tithe. -- Personal verb (Gram.), a verb which is modified or inflected +to correspond with the three persons. + +Per"son*al, n. (Law) A movable; a chattel. + +Per"son*al*ism (?), n. The quality or state of being personal; +personality. [R.] + +Per`son*al"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Personalities (#). [Cf. F. personnalitÈ. +Cf. Personality.] 1. That which constitutes distinction of person; +individuality. + + Personality is individuality existing in itself, but with a nature + as a ground. + + +Coleridge. + +2. Something said or written which refers to the person, conduct, etc., +of some individual, especially something of a disparaging or offensive +nature; personal remarks; as, indulgence in personalities. + + Sharp personalities were exchanged. + + +Macaulay. + +3. (Law) That quality of a law which concerns the condition, state, and +capacity of persons. Burrill. + +Per"son*al*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Personalized (?); p. pr. & vb. +n. Personalizing (?).] To make personal. "They personalize death." H. +Spencer. + +Per"son*al*ly, adv. 1. In a personal manner; by bodily presence; in +person; not by representative or substitute; as, to deliver a letter +personally. + + He, being cited, personally came not. + + +Grafton. + +2. With respect to an individual; as regards the person; individually; +particularly. + + She bore a mortal hatred to the house of Lancaster, and personally + to the king. + + +Bacon. + +3. With respect to one's individuality; as regards one's self; as, +personally I have no feeling in the matter. + +Per"son*al*ty (?), n. 1. The state of being a person; personality. [R.] + +2. (Law) Personal property, as distinguished from realty or real +property. + +Per"son*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Personated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Personating (?).] [L. personare to cry out, LL., to extol. See Person.] +To celebrate loudly; to extol; to praise. [Obs.] + + In fable, hymn, or song so personating Their gods ridiculous. + + +Milton. + +Per"son*ate, v. t. [L. personatus masked, assumed, fictitious, fr. +persona a mask. See Person.] 1. To assume the character of; to +represent by a fictitious appearance; to act the part of; hence, to +counterfeit; to feign; as, he tried to personate his brother; a +personated devotion. Hammond. + +2. To set forth in an unreal character; to disguise; to mask. [R.] "A +personated mate." Milton. + +3. To personify; to typify; to describe. Shak. + +Per"son*ate, v. i. To play or assume a character. + +Per"son*ate (?), a. [L. personatus masked.] (Bot.) Having the throat of +a bilabiate corolla nearly closed by a projection of the base of the +lower lip; masked, as in the flower of the snapdragon. + +Per`son*a"tion (?), n. The act of personating, or conterfeiting the +person or character of another. + +Per"son*a`tor (?), n. One who personates. "The personators of these +actions." B. Jonson. + +Per`son*e"i*ty (?), n. Personality. [R.] Coleridge. + +Per*son`i*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. personnification.] 1. The act of +personifying; impersonation; embodiment. C. Knight. + +2. (Rhet.) A figure of speech in which an inanimate object or abstract +idea is represented as animated, or endowed with personality; +prosopop&?;ia; as, the floods clap their hands. "Confusion heards his +voice." Milton. + +Per*son"i*fi`er (?), n. One who personifies. + +Per*son"i*fy (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Personified (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Personifying (?).] [Person + -fy: cf. F. personnifier.] 1. To regard, +treat, or represent as a person; to represent as a rational being. + + The poets take the liberty of personifying inanimate things. + + +Chesterfield. + +2. To be the embodiment or personification of; to impersonate; as, he +personifies the law. + +Per"son*ize (?), v. t. To personify. [R.] + + Milton has personized them. + + +J. Richardson. + +||Per`son`nel" (?), n. [F. See Personal.] The body of persons employed +||in some public service, as the army, navy, etc.; -- distinguished +||from matÈriel. + +Per*spec"tive (?), a. [L. perspicere, perspectum, to look through; per ++ spicere, specere, to look: cf. F. perspectif; or from E. perspective, +n. See Spy, n.] 1. Of or pertaining to the science of vision; optical. +[Obs.] Bacon. + +2. Pertaining to the art, or in accordance with the laws, of +perspective. + +Perspective plane, the plane or surface on which the objects are +delineated, or the picture drawn; the plane of projection; -- +distinguished from the ground plane, which is that on which the objects +are represented as standing. When this plane is oblique to the +principal face of the object, the perspective is called oblique +perspective; when parallel to that face, parallel perspective. -- +Perspective shell (Zoˆl.), any shell of the genus Solarium and allied +genera. See Solarium. + +Per*spec"tive, n. [F. perspective, fr. perspectif: cf. It. perspettiva. +See Perspective, a.] 1. A glass through which objects are viewed. +[Obs.] "Not a perspective, but a mirror." Sir T. Browne. + +2. That which is seen through an opening; a view; a vista. "The +perspective of life." Goldsmith. + +3. The effect of distance upon the appearance of objects, by means of +which the eye recognized them as being at a more or less measurable +distance. Hence, aÎrial perspective, the assumed greater vagueness or +uncertainty of outline in distant objects. + + AÎrial perspective is the expression of space by any means + whatsoever, sharpness of edge, vividness of color, etc. + + +Ruskin. + +4. The art and the science of so delineating objects that they shall +seem to grow smaller as they recede from the eye; -- called also linear +perspective. + +5. A drawing in linear perspective. + +Isometrical perspective, an inaccurate term for a mechanical way of +representing objects in the direction of the diagonal of a cube. -- +Perspective glass, a telescope which shows objects in the right +position. + +<! p. 1071 !> + +Per*spec"tive*ly (?), adv. 1. Optically; as through a glass. [R.] + + You see them perspectively. + + +Shak. + +2. According to the rules of perspective. + +Per*spec"to*graph (?), n. [L. perspectus (p. p. of perspicere to look +through) + - graph.] An instrument for obtaining, and transferring to a +picture, the points and outlines of objects, so as to represent them in +their proper geometrical relations as viewed from some one point. + +Per`spec*tog"ra*phy (?), n. The science or art of delineating objects +according to the laws of perspective; the theory of perspective. + +Per"spi*ca*ble (?), a. [L. perspicabilis, fr. perspicere.] Discernible. +[Obs.] Herbert. + +Per`spi*ca"cious (?), a. [L. perspicax, -acis, fr. perspicere to look +through: cf. F. perspicace. See Perspective.] 1. Having the power of +seeing clearly; quick-sighted; sharp of sight. + +2. Fig.: Of acute discernment; keen. + +-- Per`spi*ca"cious*ly, adv. -- Per`spi*ca"cious*ness, n. + +Per`spi*cac"i*ty (?), n. [L. perspicacitas: cf. F. perspicacitÈ. See +Perspicacious.] The state of being perspicacious; acuteness of sight or +of intelligence; acute discernment. Sir T. Browne. + +Per"spi*ca*cy (?), n. Perspicacity. [Obs.] + +Per*spi"cience (?), n. [L. perspicientia, fr. perspiciens, p. p. of +perspicere. See Perspective.] The act of looking sharply. [Obs.] +Bailey. + +Per"spi*cil (?), n. [LL. perspicilla, fr. L. perspicere to look +through.] An optical glass; a telescope. [Obs.] Crashaw. + +Per`spi*cu"i*ty (?), n. [L. perspicuitas: cf. F. perspicuitÈ.] 1. The +quality or state of being transparent or translucent. [Obs.] Sir T. +Browne. + +2. The quality of being perspicuous to the understanding; clearness of +expression or thought. + +3. Sagacity; perspicacity. + +Syn. -- Clearness; perspicuousness; plainness; distinctness; lucidity; +transparency. See Clearness. + +Per*spic"u*ous (?), a. [L. perspicuus, from perspicere to look through. +See Perspective.] 1. Capable of being through; transparent; +translucent; not opaque. [Obs.] Peacham. + +2. Clear to the understanding; capable of being clearly understood; +clear in thought or in expression; not obscure or ambiguous; as, a +perspicuous writer; perspicuous statements. "The purpose is +perspicuous." Shak. + +-- Per*spic"u*ous*ly, adv. -- Per*spic"u*ous*ness, n. + +Per*spir`a*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being perspirable. + +Per*spir"a*ble (?), a. [Cf. F. perspirable.] 1. Capable of being +perspired. Sir T. Browne. + +2. Emitting perspiration; perspiring. [R.] Bacon. + +Per`spi*ra"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. perspiration.] 1. The act or process of +perspiring. + +2. That which is excreted through the skin; sweat. + +A man of average weight throws off through the skin during 24 hours +about 18 ounces of water, 300 grains of solid matter, and 400 grains of +carbonic acid gas. Ordinarily, this constant exhalation is not +apparent, and the excretion is then termed insensible perspiration. + +Per*spir"a*tive (?), a. Performing the act of perspiration; +perspiratory. + +Per*spir"a*to*ry (?), a. Of, pertaining to, or producing, perspiration; +as, the perspiratory ducts. + +Per*spire" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Perspired (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Perspiring.] [L. perspirare to breathe through; per + spirare. See +Per-, and Spirit.] 1. (Physiol.) To excrete matter through the skin; +esp., to excrete fluids through the pores of the skin; to sweat. + +2. To be evacuated or excreted, or to exude, through the pores of the +skin; as, a fluid perspires. + +Per*spire", v. t. To emit or evacuate through the pores of the skin; to +sweat; to excrete through pores. + + Firs . . . perspire a fine balsam of turpentine. + + +Smollett. + +Per*strep"er*ous (?), a. [L. perstrepere to make a great noise.] Noisy; +obstreperous. [Obs.] Ford. + +Per*stringe" (?), v. t. [L. perstringere; per + stringere to bind up, +to touch upon.] 1. To touch; to graze; to glance on. [Obs.] + +2. To criticise; to touch upon. [R.] Evelyn. + +Per*suad"a*ble (?), a. That may be persuaded. -- Per*suad"a*ble*ness, +n. -- Per*suad"a*bly, adv. + +Per*suade" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Persuaded; p. pr. & vb. n. +Persuading.] [L. persuadere, persuasum; per + suadere to advise, +persuade: cf. F. persuader. See Per- , and Suasion.] 1. To influence or +gain over by argument, advice, entreaty, expostulation, etc.; to draw +or incline to a determination by presenting sufficient motives. + + Almost thou persuadest me to be a Christian. + + +Acts xxvi. 28. + + We will persuade him, be it possible. + + +Shak. + +2. To try to influence. [Obsolescent] + + Hearken not unto Hezekiah, when he persuadeth you. + + +2 Kings xviii. 32. + +3. To convince by argument, or by reasons offered or suggested from +reflection, etc.; to cause to believe. + + Beloved, we are persuaded better things of you. + + +Heb. vi. 9. + +4. To inculcate by argument or expostulation; to advise; to recommend. +Jer. Taylor. + +Syn. -- To convince; induce; prevail on; win over; allure; entice. See +Convince. + +Per*suade" (?), v. i. To use persuasion; to plead; to prevail by +persuasion. Shak. + +Per*suade", n. Persuasion. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl. + +Per*suad"ed, p. p. & a. Prevailed upon; influenced by argument or +entreaty; convinced. -- Per*suad"ed*ly, adv. -- Per*suad"ed*ness, n. + +Per*suad"er (?), n. One who, or that which, persuades or influences. +"Powerful persuaders." Milton. + +Per*sua`si*bil"i*ty (?), n. Capability of being persuaded. Hawthorne. + +Per*sua"si*ble (?), a. [Cf. L. persuasibilis persuasive, F. persuasible +persuasible.] 1. Capable of being persuaded; persuadable. + +2. Persuasive. [Obs.] Bale. + +-- Per*sua"si*ble*ness, n. -- Per*sua"si*bly, adv. + +Per*sua"sion (?), n. [L. persuasio; Cf. F. persuasion.] 1. The act of +persuading; the act of influencing the mind by arguments or reasons +offered, or by anything that moves the mind or passions, or inclines +the will to a determination. + + For thou hast all the arts of fine persuasion. + + +Otway. + +2. The state of being persuaded or convinced; settled opinion or +conviction, which has been induced. + + If the general persuasion of all men does so account it. + + +Hooker. + + My firm persuasion is, at least sometimes, That Heaven will weigh + man's virtues and his crimes With nice attention. + + +Cowper. + +3. A creed or belief; a sect or party adhering to a certain creed or +system of opinions; as, of the same persuasion; all persuasions are +agreed. + + Of whatever state or persuasion, religious or political. + + +Jefferson. + +4. The power or quality of persuading; persuasiveness. + + Is 't possible that my deserts to you Can lack persuasion? + + +Shak. + +5. That which persuades; a persuasive. [R.] + +Syn. -- See Conviction. + +Per*sua"sive (?), a. [Cf. F. persuasif.] Tending to persuade; having +the power of persuading; as, persuasive eloquence. "Persuasive words." +Milton. + +Per*sua"sive, n. That which persuades; an inducement; an incitement; an +exhortation. -- Per*sua"sive*ly, adv. -- Per*sua"sive*ness, n. + +Per*sua"so*ry (?), a. Persuasive. Sir T. Browne. + +Per*sul"phate (?), n. (Chem.) A sulphate of the peroxide of any base. +[R.] + +Per*sul"phide (?), n. (Chem.) A sulphide containing more sulphur than +some other compound of the same elements; as, iron pyrites is a +persulphide; -- formerly called persulphuret. + +Per*sul`pho*cy"a*nate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of persulphocyanic acid. +[R.] + +Per*sul`pho*cy*an"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, a +yellow crystalline substance (called also perthiocyanic acid), +analogous to sulphocyanic acid, but containing more sulphur. + +Per*sul`pho*cy*an"o*gen (?), n. (Chem.) An orange-yellow substance, +produced by the action of chlorine or boiling dilute nitric acid and +sulphocyanate of potassium; -- called also pseudosulphocyanogen, +perthiocyanogen, and formerly sulphocyanogen. + +Per*sul"phu*ret (?), n. (Chem.) A persulphide. [Obs.] + +Pert (?), a. [An aphetic form of OE. & OF. apert open, known, true, +free, or impudent. See Apert.] 1. Open; evident; apert. [Obs.] Piers +Plowman. + +2. Lively; brisk; sprightly; smart. [Obs.] Shak. + +3. Indecorously free, or presuming; saucy; bold; impertinent. "A very +pert manner." Addison. + + The squirrel, flippant, pert, and full of play. + + +Cowper. + +Pert, v. i. To behave with pertness. [Obs.] Gauden. + +Per*tain" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Pertained (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Pertaining.] [OE. partenen, OF. partenir, fr. L. pertinere to stretch +out, reach, pertain; per + tenere to hold, keep. See Per-, and Tenable, +and cf. Appertain, Pertinent.] 1. To belong; to have connection with, +or dependence on, something, as an appurtenance, attribute, etc.; to +appertain; as, saltness pertains to the ocean; flowers pertain to plant +life. + + Men hate those who affect that honor by ambition which pertaineth + not to them. + + +Hayward. + +2. To have relation or reference to something. + + These words pertain unto us at this time as they pertained to them + at their time. + + +Latimer. + +Per*ter`e*bra"tion (?), n. [L. perterebratus, p. p. of perterebrare to +bore through.] The act of boring through. [Obs.] Ainsworth. + +Per*thi`o*cy*an"o*gen (?), n. (Chem.) Same as Persulphocyanogen. + +Perth"ite (?), n. [So called from Perth, in canada.] (Min.) A kind of +feldspar consisting of a laminated intertexture of albite and +orthoclase, usually of different colors. -- Per*thit"ic (#), a. + +Per`ti*na"cious (?), a.[L. pertinax, -acis; per + tenax tenacious. See +Per-, and Tenacious.] 1. Holding or adhering to any opinion, purpose, +or design, with obstinacy; perversely persistent; obstinate; as, +pertinacious plotters; a pertinacious beggar. + +2. Resolute; persevering; constant; steady. + + Diligence is a steady, constant, and pertinacious study. + + +South. + +Syn. -- Obstinate; stubborn; inflexible; unyielding; resolute; +determined; firm; constant; steady. + +-- Per`ti*na"cious*ly, adv. -- Per`ti*na"cious*ness, n. + +Per`ti*nac"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. pertinacitÈ.] The quality or state of +being pertinacious; obstinacy; perseverance; persistency. Macaulay. + +Syn. -- See Obstinacy. + +Per"ti*na*cy (?), n. [L. pertinere to pertain. See Pertinence.] The +quality or state of being pertinent; pertinence. [Obs.] + +Per"ti*na*cy, n. [L. pertinacia, fr. pertinax. See Pertinacious.] +Pertinacity. [Obs.] Chaucer. + +Per"ti*nate (?), a. Pertinacious. [Obs.] + +Per"ti*nate*ly, adv. Pertinaciously. [Obs.] + +{ Per"ti*nence (?), Per"ti*nen*cy (?), } n. [Cf. F. pertinence. See +Pertinent.] The quality or state of being pertinent; justness of +relation to the subject or matter in hand; fitness; appositeness; +relevancy; suitableness. + + The fitness and pertinency of the apostle's discourse. + + +Bentley. + +Per"ti*nent (?), a. [L. pertinens, -entis, p. pr. of pertinere: cf. F. +pertinent. See Pertain.] 1. Belonging or related to the subject or +matter in hand; fit or appropriate in any way; adapted to the end +proposed; apposite; material; relevant; as, pertinent illustrations or +arguments; pertinent evidence. + +2. Regarding; concerning; belonging; pertaining. [R.] "Pertinent unto +faith." Hooker. + +Syn. -- Apposite; relevant; suitable; appropriate; fit. + +-- Per"ti*nent*ly, adv. -- Per"ti*nent*ness, n. + +Pert"ly (?), adv. In a pert manner. + +Pert"ness, n. The quality or state of being pert. + +Per*tran"sient (?), a. [L. pertransiens, p. pr. of pertransire.] +Passing through or over. [R.] + +Per*turb" (?), v. t. [L. perturbare, perturbatum; per + turbare to +disturb, fr. turba a disorder: cf. OF. perturber. See Per-, and +Turbid.] 1. To disturb; to agitate; to vex; to trouble; to disquiet. + + Ye that . . . perturb so my feast with crying. + + +Chaucer. + +2. To disorder; to confuse. [R.] Sir T. Browne. + +Per*turb`a*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being perturbable. + +Per*turb"a*ble (?), a. Liable to be perturbed or agitated; liable to be +disturbed or disquieted. + +Per*turb"ance (?), n. Disturbance; perturbation. [R.] "Perturbance of +the mind." Sharp. + +Per"tur*bate (?), v. t. [From L. perturbatus, p. p.] To perturb. [Obs.] +Dr. H. More. + +Per"tur*bate (?), a. Perturbed; agitated. [R.] + +Per`tur*ba"tion (?), n. [L. perturbatio: cf. F. perturbation.] 1. The +act of perturbing, or the state of being perturbed; esp., agitation of +mind. + +2. (Astron.) A disturbance in the regular elliptic or other motion of a +heavenly body, produced by some force additional to that which causes +its regular motion; as, the perturbations of the planets are caused by +their attraction on each other. Newcomb. + +Per`tur*ba"tion*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to perturbation, esp. to +the perturbations of the planets. "The perturbational theory." Sir J. +Herschel. + +Per"tur*ba*tive (?), a. Tending to cause perturbation; disturbing. Sir +J. Herschel. + +Per"tur*ba`tor (?), n. A perturber. [R.] + +Per*turbed" (?), a. Agitated; disturbed; troubled. Shak. -- +Per*turb"ed*ly, adv. + +Per*turb"er (?), n. One who, or that which, perturbs, or cause +perturbation. + +Per*tus"ate (?), a. [See Pertuse.] (Bot.) Pierced at the apex. + +{ Per*tuse" (?), Per*tused" (?) }, a. [L. pertusus, p. p. of pertundere +to beat or thrust through, to bore through; per + tundere to beat: cf. +F. pertus. Cf. Pierce.] Punched; pierced with, or having, holes. + +Per*tu"sion (?), n. [L. pertusio.] The act of punching or piercing with +a pointed instrument; as, pertusion of a vein. [R.] Arbuthnot. + +2. A punched hole; a perforation. Bacon. + +||Per*tus"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. L. per through, very + tussis cough.] +||(Med.) The whooping cough. + +Per"uke (?), n. [F. perruque, It. perrucca, parrucca, fr. L. pilus +hair. Cf. Periwig, Wig, Peel to strip off, Plush, Pile a hair.] A wig; +a periwig. + +Per"uke, v. t. To dress with a peruke. [R.] + +||Per"u*la (?), n.; pl. PerulÊ (#). [L., dim. of pera wallet, Gr. &?;: +||cf. F. pÈrule.] 1. (Bot.) One of the scales of a leaf bud. + +2. (Bot.) A pouchlike portion of the perianth in certain orchides. + +Per"ule (?), n. Same as Perula. + +Pe*rus"al (?), n. [From Peruse.] 1. The act of carefully viewing or +examining. [R.] Tatler. + +2. The act of reading, especially of reading through or with care. +Woodward. + +Pe*ruse" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Perused (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Perusing.] [Pref. per- + use.] 1. To observe; to examine with care. +[R.] + + Myself I then perused, and limb by limb Surveyed. + + +Milton. + +2. To read through; to read carefully. Shak. + +Pe*rus"er (?), n. One who peruses. + +Pe*ru"vi*an (?), a. [Cf. F. pÈruvien, Sp. peruviano.] Of or pertaining +to Peru, in South America. -- n. A native or an inhabitant of Peru. + +Peruvian balsam. See Balsam of Peru, under Balsam. -- Peruvian bark, +the bitter bark of trees of various species of Cinchona. It acts as a +powerful tonic, and is a remedy for malarial diseases. This property is +due to several alkaloids, as quinine, cinchonine, etc., and their +compounds; -- called also Jesuit's bark, and cinchona. See Cinchona. + +Per*vade" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pervaded; p. pr. & vb. n. +Pervading.] [L. pervadere, pervasum; per + vadere to go, to walk. See +Per-, and Wade.] 1. To pass or flow through, as an aperture, pore, or +interstice; to permeate. + + That labyrinth is easily pervaded. + + +Blackstone. + +2. To pass or spread through the whole extent of; to be diffused +throughout. + + A spirit of cabal, intrigue, and proselytism pervaded all their + thoughts, words, and actions. + + +Burke. + +Per*va"sion (?), n. [L. pervasio. See Pervade.] The act of pervading, +passing, or spreading through the whole extent of a thing. Boyle. + +Per*va"sive (?), a. Tending to pervade, or having power to spread +throughout; of a pervading quality. "Civilization pervasive and +general." M. Arnold. + +<! p. 1072 !> + +Per*verse" (?), a. [L. perversus turned the wrong way, not right, p. p. +of pervertereto turn around, to overturn: cf. F. pervers. See Pervert.] +1. Turned aside; hence, specifically, turned away from the right; +willfully erring; wicked; perverted. + + The only righteous in a word perverse. + + +Milton. + +2. Obstinate in the wrong; stubborn; intractable; hence, wayward; +vexing; contrary. + + To so perverse a sex all grace is vain. + + +Dryden. + +Syn. -- Froward; untoward; wayward; stubborn; ungovernable; +intractable; cross; petulant; vexatious. -- Perverse, Froward. One who +is froward is capricious, and reluctant to obey. One who is perverse +has a settled obstinacy of will, and likes or dislikes by the rule of +contradiction to the will of others. + +Per*versed" (?), a. Turned aside. [Obs.] + +Per*vers"ed*ly (?), adv. Perversely. [Obs.] + +Per*verse"ly, adv. In a perverse manner. + +Per*verse"ness, n. The quality or state of being perverse. "Virtue hath +some perverseness." Donne. + +Per*ver"sion (?), n. [L. perversio: cf. F. perversion. See Pervert.] +The act of perverting, or the state of being perverted; a turning from +truth or right; a diverting from the true intent or object; a change to +something worse; a turning or applying to a wrong end or use. +"Violations and perversions of the laws." Bacon. + +Per*ver"si*ty (?), n. [L. perversitas: cf. F. perversitÈ.] The quality +or state of being perverse; perverseness. + +Per*ver"sive (?), a.Tending to pervert. + +Per*vert" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Perverted; p. pr. & vb. n. +Perverting.] [F. pervertir, L. pervertere, perversum; per + vertere to +turn. See Per-, and Verse.] 1. To turnanother way; to divert. [Obs.] + + Let's follow him, and pervert the present wrath. + + +Shak. + +2. To turn from truth, rectitude, or propriety; to divert from a right +use, end, or way; to lead astray; to corrupt; also, to misapply; to +misinterpret designedly; as, to pervert one's words. Dryden. + + He, in the serpent, had perverted Eve. + + +Milton. + +Per*vert", v. i. To become perverted; to take the wrong course. [R.] +Testament of Love. + +Per"vert (?), n. One who has been perverted; one who has turned to +error, especially in religion; -- opposed to convert. See the Synonym +of Convert. + + That notorious pervert, Henry of Navarre. + + +Thackeray. + +Per*vert"er (?), n. One who perverts (a person or thing). "His own +parents his perverters." South. "A perverter of his law." Bp. +Stillingfleet. + +Per*vert"i*ble (?), a. Capable of being perverted. + +Per*ves"ti*gate (?), v. t. [L. pervestigatus, p. p. of pervestigare.] +To investigate thoroughly. [Obs.] + +Per*ves`ti*ga"tion (?), n. [L. pervestigatio.] Thorough investigation. +[Obs.] Chillingworth. + +Per"vi*al (?), a. [See Pervious.] Pervious. [Obs.] -- Per"vi*al*ly, +adv. [Obs.] Chapman. + +Per`vi*ca"cious (?), a. [L. pervicax, -acis.] Obstinate; willful; +refractory. [Obs.] -- Per`vi*ca"cious*ly, adv. -- Per`vi*ca"cious*ness, +n. [Obs.] + +Per`vi*cac"i*ty (?), n. Obstinacy; pervicaciousness. [Obs.] Bentley. + +Per"vi*ca*cy (?), n. [L. pervicacia.] Pervicacity. [Obs.] + +Per*vig`i*la"tion (?), n. [L. pervigilatio, fr. pervigilare.] Careful +watching. [Obs.] + +Per"vi*ous (?), a. [L. pervis; per + via a way. See Per-, and Voyage.] +1. Admitting passage; capable of being penetrated by another body or +substance; permeable; as, a pervious soil. + + [Doors] . . . pervious to winds, and open every way. + + +Pope. + +2. Capable of being penetrated, or seen through, by physical or mental +vision. [R.] + + God, whose secrets are pervious to no eye. + + +Jer. Taylor. + +3. Capable of penetrating or pervading. [Obs.] Prior. + +4. (Zoˆl.) Open; -- used synonymously with perforate, as applied to the +nostrils or birds. + +Per"vi*ous*ness, n. The quality or state of being pervious; as, the +perviousness of glass. Boyle. + +Per"vis (?), n. See Parvis. + +Per"y (?), n. A pear tree. See Pirie. [Obs.] + +||Pes (?), n.; pl. Pedes . [L., the foot.] (Anat.) The distal segment +||of the hind limb of vertebrates, including the tarsus and foot. + +Pe*sade" (?), n. [F.] (Man.) The motion of a horse when, raising his +fore quarters, he keeps his hind feet on the ground without advancing; +rearing. + +Pes"age (?), n. [F., fr. peser to weigh.] A fee, or toll, paid for the +weighing of merchandise. + +Pes"ane (?), n. (Anc. Armor.) See Pusane. + +Pes"ant*ed (?), a. [F. pesant heavy.] Made heavy or dull; debased. +[Obs.] "Pesanted to each lewd thought's control." Marston. + +Pe*schit"o (?), n. See Peshito. + +Pese (?), n. [See Pea.] A pea. [Obs.] Chaucer. + +||Pe*se"ta (?), n. [Sp.] A Spanish silver coin, and money of account, +||equal to about nineteen cents, and divided into 100 centesimos. + +{ Pe*shit"o (?), Pe*shit"to (?), } n. [Syriac peshÓt‚ simple.] The +earliest Syriac version of the Old Testament, translated from Hebrew; +also, the incomplete Syriac version of the New Testament. [Written also +peschito.] + +Pes"ky (?), a. [Etymol. uncertain.] Pestering; vexatious; troublesome. +Used also as an intensive. [Colloq. & Low, U.S.] Judd. + +||Pe"so (?), n. [Sp.] A Spanish dollar; also, an Argentine, Chilian, +||Colombian, etc., coin, equal to from 75 cents to a dollar; also, a +||pound weight. + +Pes"sa*ry (?), n.; pl. Pessaries (#). [L. pessarium, pessum, pessus, +Gr. &?;: cf. F. pessaire.] (Med.) (a) An instrument or device to be +introduced into and worn in the vagina, to support the uterus, or +remedy a malposition. (b) A medicinal substance in the form of a bolus +or mass, designed for introduction into the vagina; a vaginal +suppository. + +Pes"si*mism (?), n. [L. pessimus worst, superl. of pejor worse: cf. F. +pessimisme. Cf. Impair.] 1. (Metaph.) The opinion or doctrine that +everything in nature is ordered for or tends to the worst, or that the +world is wholly evil; -- opposed to optimism. + +2. A disposition to take the least hopeful view of things. + +Pes"si*mist (?), n. [L. pessimus worst: cf. F. pessimiste.] 1. +(Metaph.) One who advocates the doctrine of pessimism; -- opposed to +optimist. + +2. One who looks on the dark side of things. + +{ Pes"si*mist (?), Pes`si*mis"tic (?), } a. (Metaph.) Of or pertaining +to pessimism; characterized by pessimism; gloomy; foreboding. "Giving +utterance to pessimistic doubt." Encyc. Brit. + +Pes`si*mis"tic*al (?), a. Pessimistic. + +Pes"si*mize (?), v. i. To hold or advocate the doctrine of pessimism. +London Sat. Rev. + +||Pes"su*lus (?), n.; pl. Pessuli (#). [L., a bolt.] (Anat.) A delicate +||bar of cartilage connecting the dorsal and ventral extremities of the +||first pair of bronchial cartilages in the syrinx of birds. + +Pest (?), n. [L. pestis: cf. F. peste.] 1. A fatal epidemic disease; a +pestilence; specif., the plague. + + England's sufferings by that scourge, the pest. + + +Cowper. + +2. Anything which resembles a pest; one who, or that which, is +troublesome, noxious, mischievous, or destructive; a nuisance. "A pest +and public enemy." South. + +Pes`ta*loz"zi*an (?), a. Belonging to, or characteristic of, a system +of elementary education which combined manual training with other +instruction, advocated and practiced by Jean Henri Pestalozzi +(1746-1827), a Swiss teacher. -- n. An advocate or follower of the +system of Pestalozzi. + +Pes`ta*loz"zi*an*ism (?), n. The system of education introduced by +Pestalozzi. + +Pes"ter (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pestered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Pestering.] [Abbrev. fr. impester, fr. OF. empaistrier, empestrer, to +entangle the feet or legs, to embarrass, F. empÍtrer; pref. em-, en- +(L. in in) + LL. pastorium, pastoria, a fetter by which horses are +prevented from wandering in the pastures, fr. L. pastorius belonging to +a herdsman or shepherd, pastor a herdsman. See In, and Pasture, +Pastor.] 1. To trouble; to disturb; to annoy; to harass with petty +vexations. + + We are pestered with mice and rats. + + +Dr. H. More. + + A multitude of scribblers daily pester the world. + + +Dryden. + +2. To crowd together in an annoying way; to overcrowd; to infest. +[Obs.] Milton. + + All rivers and pools . . . pestered full with fishes. + + +Holland. + +Pes"ter*er (?), n. One who pesters or harasses. + +Pes"ter*ment (?), n. The act of pestering, or the state of being +pestered; vexation; worry. "The trouble and pesterment of children." B. +Franklin. + +Pes"ter*ous (?), a.Inclined to pester. Also, vexatious; encumbering; +burdensome. [Obs.] Bacon. + +Pest"ful (?), a. Pestiferous. "After long and pestful calms." +Coleridge. + +Pest`house" (?), n. A house or hospital for persons who are infected +with any pestilential disease. + +Pes"ti*duct (?), n. [L. pestis pest + ductus a leading, fr. ducere to +lead.] That which conveys contagion or infection. [Obs.] Donne. + +Pes*tif"er*ous (?), a. [L. pestiferus, pestifer; pestis pest + ferre to +bear: cf. F. pestifËre.] 1. Pest-bearing; pestilential; noxious to +health; malignant; infectious; contagious; as, pestiferous bodies. +"Poor, pestiferous creatures begging alms." Evelyn. "Unwholesome and +pestiferous occupations." Burke. + +2. Noxious to peace, to morals, or to society; vicious; hurtful; +destructive; as, a pestiferous demagogue. + + Pestiferous reports of men very nobly held. + + +Shak. + +Pes*tif"er*ous*ly, adv. In a pestiferuos manner. + +Pes"ti*lence (?), n. [F. pestilence, L. pestilentia. See Pestilent.] 1. +Specifically, the disease known as the plague; hence, any contagious or +infectious epidemic disease that is virulent and devastating. + + The pestilence That walketh in darkness. + + +Ps. xci. 6. + +2. Fig.: That which is pestilent, noxious, or pernicious to the moral +character of great numbers. + + I'll pour this pestilence into his ear. + + +Shak. + +Pestilence weed (Bot.), the butterbur coltsfoot (Petasites vulgaris), +so called because formerly considered a remedy for the plague. Dr. +Prior. + +Pes"ti*lent (?), a. [L. pestilens, -entis, fr. pestis pest: cf. F. +pestilent.] Pestilential; noxious; pernicious; mischievous. "Corrupt +and pestilent." Milton. "What a pestilent knave is this same!" Shak. + +Pes`ti*len"tial (?), a. [Cf. F. pestilentiel.] 1. Having the nature or +qualities of a pestilence. "Sends the pestilential vapors." Longfellow. + +2. Hence: Mischievous; noxious; pernicious; morally destructive. + + So pestilential, so infectious a thing is sin. + + +Jer. Taylor. + +Pes`ti*len"tial*ly, adv. Pestilently. + +Pes`ti*len"tious (?), a. Pestilential. [Obs.] + +Pes"ti*lent*ly (?), adv. In a pestilent manner; mischievously; +destructively. "Above all measure pestilently noisome." Dr. H. More. + +Pes"ti*lent*ness, n. The quality of being pestilent. + +Pes`til*la"tion (?), n. [LL. pestillum, L. pistillum. See Pestle.] The +act of pounding and bruising with a pestle in a mortar. Sir T. Browne. + +Pes"tle (ps"'l; 277), n. [OE. pestel, OF. pestel, LL. pestellum, L. +pistillum, pistillus, a pounder, pestle, fr. pisere, pinsere, to pound, +crush, akin to Gr. &?;, Skr. pish. Cf. Pistil.] 1. An implement for +pounding and breaking or braying substances in a mortar. + +2. A constable's or bailiff's staff; -- so called from its shape. +[Obs.] Chapman. + +3. The leg and leg bone of an animal, especially of a pig; as, a pestle +of pork. + +Pes"tle (?), v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Pestled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Pestling (?).] To pound, pulverize, bray, or mix with a pestle, or as +with a pestle; to use a pestle. + +Pet (?), n. [Formerly peat, perhaps from Ir. peat, akin to Gael. +peata.] 1. A cade lamb; a lamb brought up by hand. + +2. Any person or animal especially cherished and indulged; a fondling; +a darling; often, a favorite child. + + The love of cronies, pets, and favorites. + + +Tatler. + +3. [Prob. fr. Pet a fondling, hence, the behavior or humor of a spoiled +child.] A slight fit of peevishness or fretfulness. "In a pet she +started up." Tennyson. + +Pet, a. Petted; indulged; admired; cherished; as, a pet child; a pet +lamb; a pet theory. + + Some young lady's pet curate. + + +F. Harrison. + +Pet cock. [Perh. for petty cock.] (Mach.) A little faucet in a water +pipe or pump, to let air out, or at the end of a steam cylinder, to +drain it. + +Pet, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Petted; p. pr. & vb. n. Petting.] To treat as +a pet; to fondle; to indulge; as, she was petted and spoiled. + +Pet, v. i. To be a pet. Feltham. + +Pet"al (?), n. [Gr. &?; a leaf, a leaf or plate of metal, fr. &?; +outspread, broad, flat: cf. F. pÈtale. See Fathom.] 1. (Bot.) One of +the leaves of the corolla, or the colored leaves of a flower. See +Corolla, and Illust. of Flower. + +2. (Zoˆl.) One of the expanded ambulacra which form a rosette on the +black of certain Echini. + +Pet"aled (?), a. (Bot.) Having petals; as, a petaled flower; -- opposed +to apetalous, and much used in compounds; as, one-petaled, +three-petaled, etc. + +Pet`al*if"er*ous (?), a. [Petal + -ferous.] Bearing petals. + +Pe*tal"i*form (?), a. (Bot.) Having the form of a petal; petaloid; +petal-shaped. + +Pet"al*ine (?), a. [Cf. F. pÈtalin.] (Bot.) Pertaining to a petal; +attached to, or resembling, a petal. + +Pet"al*ism (?), n. [Gr. &?;, fr. &?; a leaf: cf. F. pÈtalisme.] (Gr. +Antiq.) A form of sentence among the ancient Syracusans by which they +banished for five years a citizen suspected of having dangerous +influence or ambition. It was similar to the ostracism in Athens; but +olive leaves were used instead of shells for ballots. + +Pet"al*ite (?), n. [Cf. F. pÈtalite.] (Min.) A rare mineral, occurring +crystallized and in cleavable masses, usually white, or nearly so, in +color. It is a silicate of aluminia and lithia. + +Pe*tal"o*dy (?), n. [Petal + Gr. &?; form.] (Bot.) The metamorphosis of +various floral organs, usually stamens, into petals. + +Pet"al*oid (?), a. [Petal + - oid: cf. F. pÈtaloÔde.] (Bot.) Petaline. + +Pet`al*oid"e*ous (?), a. (Bot.) Having the whole or part of the +perianth petaline. + +Petaloideous division, that division of endogenous plants in which the +perianth is wholly or partly petaline, embracing the LiliaceÊ, +OrchidaceÊ, AmaryllideÊ, etc. + +||Pet`a*los"ti*cha (?), n. pl. [NL., from Gr. &?; a leaf + &?; a row.] +||(Zoˆl.) An order of Echini, including the irregular sea urchins, as +||the spatangoids. See Spatangoid. + +Pet"al*ous (?), a. Having petals; petaled; -- opposed to apetalous. + +||Pet"a*lum (?), n.; pl. Petala (#). [NL.] A petal. + +Pe*tar" (?), n. See Petard. [Obs.] "Hoist with his own petar." Shak. + +Pe*tard" (?), n. [F. pÈtard, fr. pÈter to break wind, to crack, to +explode, L. pedere, peditum.] (Mil.) A case containing powder to be +exploded, esp. a conical or cylindrical case of metal filled with +powder and attached to a plank, to be exploded against and break down +gates, barricades, drawbridges, etc. It has been superseded. + +{ Pet`ar*deer", Pet`ar*dier" } (?), n. [F. pÈtardier.] (Mil.) One who +managed a petard. + +||Pet"a*sus (?), n. [L., from Gr. &?;.] (Gr. & Rom. Antiq.) The winged +||cap of Mercury; also, a broad-brimmed, low-crowned hat worn by Greeks +||and Romans. + +Pe*tau"rist (?), n. [L. petaurista a ropedancer, Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to +dance on a rope, fr. &?; a pole, a stage for ropedancers: cf. F. +pÈtauriste.] (Zoˆl.) Any flying marsupial of the genera Petaurus, +Phalangista, Acrobata, and allied genera. See Flying mouse, under +Flying, and Phalangister. + +||Pe*tech"i*Ê (?), n. pl.; sing. Petechia (&?;). [NL., fr. LL. +||peteccia; cf. F. pÈtÈchie, It. petecchia, Sp. petequia, Gr. &?; a +||label, plaster.] (Med.) Small crimson, purple, or livid spots, like +||flea-bites, due to extravasation of blood, which appear on the skin +||in malignant fevers, etc. + +Pe*tech"i*al (?), a. [Cf. F. pÈtÈchial, LL. petecchialis.] (Med.) +Characterized by, or pertaining to, petechiÊ; spotted. + +Petechial fever, a malignant fever, accompanied with livid spots on the +skin. + +Pe"ter (?), n. A common baptismal name for a man. The name of one of +the apostles, + +Peter boat, a fishing boat, sharp at both ends, originally of the +Baltic Sea, but now common in certain English rivers. -- Peter Funk, +the auctioneer in a mock auction. [Cant, U.S.] -- Peter pence, or +Peter's pence. (a) An annual tax or tribute, formerly paid by the +English people to the pope, being a penny for every house, payable on +Lammas or St.Peter's day; -- called also Rome scot, and hearth money. +(b) In modern times, a voluntary contribution made by Roman Catholics +to the private purse of the pope. -- Peter's fish (Zoˆl.), a haddock; +-- so called because the black spots, one on each side, behind the +gills, are traditionally said to have been caused by the fingers of St. +Peter, when he caught the fish to pay the tribute. The name is applied, +also, to other fishes having similar spots. + +<! p. 1073 !> + +Pet"er (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Petered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Petering.] +[Etymol. uncertain.] To become exhausted; to run out; to fail; -- used +generally with out; as, that mine has petered out. [Slang, U.S.] + +Pet"er*el (?), n. (Zoˆl.) See Petrel. + +Pet`e*re"ro (?), n. (Mil.) See Pederero. + +Pe"ter*man (?), n.; pl. Petermen (&?;). A fisherman; -- so called after +the apostle Peter. [An obs. local term in Eng.] Chapman. + +Pe"ter*sham (?), n. [Named after Lord Petersham.] A rough, knotted +woolen cloth, used chiefly for men's overcoats; also, a coat of that +material. + +Pe"ter*wort` (?), n. (Bot.) See Saint Peter's-wort, under Saint. + +{ Pet"i*o*lar (?), Pet"i*o*la*ry (?), } a. [Cf. F. pÈtiolarie.] (Bot.) +Of or pertaining to petiole, or proceeding from it; as, a petiolar +tendril; growing or supported upon a petiole; as, a petiolar gland; a +petiolar bud. + +{ Pet"i*o*late (?), Pet"i*o*la`ted (?), } a. (Bot. & Zoˆl.) Having a +stalk or petiole; as, a petioleate leaf; the petiolated abdomen of +certain Hymenoptera. + +Pet"i*ole (?), n. [F. pÈtiole, fr. L. petiolus a little foot, a fruit +stalk; cf. pes, pedis, a foot.] 1. (Bot.) A leafstalk; the footstalk of +a leaf, connecting the blade with the stem. See Illust. of Leaf. + +2. (Zoˆl.) A stalk or peduncle. + +Pet"i*oled (?), a. Petiolate. + +Pet`i*ol"u*late (?), a. (Bot.) Supported by its own petiolule. Gray. + +Pet"i*o*lule (?), n. [Cf. F. pÈtiolule.] (Bot.) A small petiole, or the +petiole of a leaflet. + +Pet"it (?), a. [F. See Petty.] Small; little; insignificant; mean; -- +Same as Petty. [Obs., except in legal language.] + + By what small, petit hints does the mind catch hold of and recover + a vanishing notion. + + +South. + +Petit constable, an inferior civil officer, subordinate to the high +constable. -- Petit jury, a jury of twelve men, impaneled to try causes +at the bar of a court; -- so called in distinction from the grand jury. +-- Petit larceny, the stealing of goods of, or under, a certain +specified small value; -- opposed to grand larceny. The distinction is +abolished in England. -- Petit maÓtre (&?;). [F., lit., little master.] +A fop; a coxcomb; a ladies' man. Goldsmith. -- Petit serjeanty (Eng. +Law), the tenure of lands of the crown, by the service of rendering +annually some implement of war, as a bow, an arrow, a sword, a flag, +etc. -- Petit treason, formerly, in England, the crime of killing a +person to whom the offender owed duty or subjection, as one's husband, +master, mistress, etc. The crime is now not distinguished from murder. + +Pe*ti"tion (?), n. [F. pÈtition, L. petitio, fr. petere, petitum, to +beg, ask, seek; perh. akin to E. feather, or find.] 1. A prayer; a +supplication; an imploration; an entreaty; especially, a request of a +solemn or formal kind; a prayer to the Supreme Being, or to a person of +superior power, rank, or authority; also, a single clause in such a +prayer. + + A house of prayer and petition for thy people. + + +1 Macc. vii. 37. + + This last petition heard of all her prayer. + + +Dryden. + +2. A formal written request addressed to an official person, or to an +organized body, having power to grant it; specifically (Law), a +supplication to government, in either of its branches, for the granting +of a particular grace or right; -- in distinction from a memorial, +which calls certain facts to mind; also, the written document. + +Petition of right (Law), a petition to obtain possession or restitution +of property, either real or personal, from the Crown, which suggests +such a title as controverts the title of the Crown, grounded on facts +disclosed in the petition itself. Mozley & W. -- The Petition of Right +(Eng. Hist.), the parliamentary declaration of the rights of the +people, assented to by Charles I. + +Pe*ti"tion, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Petitioned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Petitioning.] To make a prayer or request to; to ask from; to solicit; +to entreat; especially, to make a formal written supplication, or +application to, as to any branch of the government; as, to petition the +court; to petition the governor. + + You have . . . petitioned all the gods for my prosperity. + + +Shak. + +Pe*ti"tion, v. i. To make a petition or solicitation. + +Pe*ti"tion*a*ri*ly (?), adv. By way of begging the question; by an +assumption. [R.] Sir T. Browne. + +Pe*ti"tion*a*ry (?), a. 1. Supplicatory; making a petition. + + Pardon Rome, and any petitionary countrymen. + + +Shak. + +2. Containing a petition; of the nature of a petition; as, a +petitionary epistle. Swift. + +Pe*ti`tion*ee" (?), n. A person cited to answer, or defend against, a +petition. + +Pe*ti"tion*er (?), n. One who presents a petition. + +Pe*ti"tion*ing, n. The act of presenting apetition; a supplication. + +Pet"i*tor (?), n. [L., fr. petere to seek.] One who seeks or asks; a +seeker; an applicant. [R.] Fuller. + +Pet"i*to*ry (?), a. [L. petitorius, fr. petere, petitum, to beg, ask: +cf. F. pÈtitore.] Petitioning; soliciting; supplicating. Sir W. +Hamilton. + +Petitory suit or action (Admiralty Law), a suit in which the mere title +to property is litigated and sought to be enforced, as distinguished +from a possessory suit; also (Scots Law), a suit wherein the plaintiff +claims something as due him by the defendant. Burrill. + +Pe*tong" (?), n. (Metal.) See Packfong. + +Pe*tral"o*gy (?), n. See Petrology. + +Pet"ra*ry (?), n. [L. petra stone. Cf. Sp. petraria, and E. Pederero.] +An ancient war engine for hurling stones. + +Pe"tre (p"tr), n. See Saltpeter. + +Pe*tre"an (p*tr"an), a. [L. petraeus, Gr. petrai^os, fr. pe`tra a +rock.] Of or pertaining to rock. G. S. Faber. + +Pe"trel (?), n. [F. pÈtrel; a dim. of the name Peter, L. Petrus, Gr. +&?; a stone (John i. 42); -- probably so called in allusion to St. +Peter's walking on the sea. See Petrify.] (Zoˆl.) Any one of numerous +species of longwinged sea birds belonging to the family ProcellaridÊ. +The small petrels, or Mother Carey's chickens, belong to Oceanites, +Oceanodroma, Procellaria, and several allied genera. + +Diving petrel, any bird of the genus Pelecanoides. They chiefly inhabit +the southern hemisphere. -- Fulmar petrel, Giant petrel. See Fulmar. -- +Pintado petrel, the Cape pigeon. See under Cape. -- Pintado petrel, any +one of several small petrels, especially Procellaria pelagica, or +Mother Carey's chicken, common on both sides of the Atlantic. + +Pe*tres"cence (?), n. The process of changing into stone; +petrification. + +Pe*tres"cent (?), a. [L. petra rock, stone, Gr. &?;.] Petrifying; +converting into stone; as, petrescent water. Boyle. + +Pet`ri*fac"tion (?), n. [See Petrify.] 1. The process of petrifying, or +changing into stone; conversion of any organic matter (animal or +vegetable) into stone, or a substance of stony hardness. + +2. The state or condition of being petrified. + +3. That which is petrified; popularly, a body incrusted with stony +matter; an incrustation. + +4. Fig.: Hardness; callousness; obduracy. "Petrifaction of the soul." +Cudworth. + +Pet`ri*fac"tive (?), a. 1. Having the quality of converting organic +matter into stone; petrifying. + +2. Pertaining to, or characterized by, petrifaction. + + The . . . petrifactive mutations of hard bodies. + + +Sir T. Browne. + +Pe*trif"ic (?), a. [Cf. F. pÈtrifique.] Petrifying; petrifactive. + + Death with his mace petrific, cold and dry. + + +Milton. + +Pet"ri*fi*cate (?), v. t. To petrify. [Obs.] + + Our hearts petrificated were. + + +J. Hall (1646). + +Pet`ri*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. pÈtrification. See Petrify.] 1. See +Petrifaction. + +2. Fig.: Obduracy; callousness. Hallywell. + +Pet"ri*fy (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Petrified (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Petrifying (?).] [L. petra rock, Gr. &?; (akin to &?; a stone) + -fy: +cf. F. pÈtrifier. Cf. Parrot, Petrel, Pier.] 1. To convert, as any +animal or vegetable matter, into stone or stony substance. + + A river that petrifies any sort of wood or leaves. + + +Kirwan. + +2. To make callous or obdurate; to stupefy; to paralyze; to transform; +as by petrifaction; as, to petrify the heart. Young. "Petrifying +accuracy." Sir W. Scott. + + And petrify a genius to a dunce. + + +Pope. + + The poor, petrified journeyman, quite unconscious of what he was + doing. + + +De Quincey. + + A hideous fatalism, which ought, logically, to petrify your + volition. + + +G. Eliot. + +Pet"ri*fy, v. i. 1. To become stone, or of a stony hardness, as organic +matter by calcareous deposits. + +2. Fig.: To become stony, callous, or obdurate. + + Like Niobe we marble grow, And petrify with grief. + + +Dryden. + +Pe"trine (?), a. Of or pertaining to St.Peter; as, the Petrine +Epistles. + +Pet"ro- (?). A combining form from Gr. &?; a rock, &?; a stone; as, +petrology, petroglyphic. + +Pe*trog"a*le (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a rock + &?; a weasel.] (Zoˆl.) +Any Australian kangaroo of the genus Petrogale, as the rock wallaby (P. +penicillata). + +Pet`ro*glyph"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to petroglyphy. + +Pe*trog"ly*phy (?), n. [Petro + Gr. &?; to carve.] The art or operation +of carving figures or inscriptions on rock or stone. + +{ Pet`ro*graph"ic (?), Pet`ro*graph"ic*al (?), } a. Pertaining to +petrography. + +Pe*trog"ra*phy (?), n. [Petro + -graphy.] 1. The art of writing on +stone. + +2. The scientific description of rocks; that department of science +which investigates the constitution of rocks; petrology. + +Pet`ro*hy"oid (?), a. [Petro + hyoid.] (Anat.) Pertaining to petrous, +oe periotic, portion of the skull and the hyoid arch; as, the +petrohyoid muscles of the frog. + +Pe*trol" (?), n. Petroleum. [R.] + +Pet`ro*la"tum (?), n. (Chem. & Pharm.) A semisolid unctuous substance, +neutral, and without taste or odor, derived from petroleum by +distilling off the lighter portions and purifying the residue. It is a +yellowish, fatlike mass, transparent in thin layers, and somewhat +fluorescent. It is used as a bland protective dressing, and as a +substitute for fatty materials in ointments. U. S. Pharm. + +Petrolatum is the official name for the purified product. Cosmoline and +vaseline are commercial names for substances essentially the same, but +differing slightly in appearance and consistency or fusibility. + +Pe*tro"le*um (?), n. [NL., fr. L. petra a rock + oleum oil: cf. F. +pÈtrole. Cf. Petrify, and Oil.] Rock oil, mineral oil, or natural oil, +a dark brown or greenish inflammable liquid, which, at certain points, +exists in the upper strata of the earth, from whence it is pumped, or +forced by pressure of the gas attending it. It consists of a complex +mixture of various hydrocarbons, largely of the methane series, but may +vary much in appearance, composition, and properties. It is refined by +distillation, and the products include kerosene, benzine, gasoline, +paraffin, etc. + +Petroleum spirit, a volatile liquid obtained in the distillation of +crude petroleum at a temperature of 170∞ Fahr., or below. The term is +rather loosely applied to a considerable range of products, including +benzine and ligroin. The terms petroleum ether, and naphtha, are +sometimes applied to the still more volatile products, including +rhigolene, gasoline, cymogene, etc. + +{ ||PÈ`tro`leur" (?), n. m. ||PÈ`tro`leuse" (?), n. f. }[F.] One who +makes use of petroleum for incendiary purposes. + +Pet"ro*line (?), n. (Chem.) A paraffin obtained from petroleum from +Rangoon in India, and practically identical with ordinary paraffin. + +{ Pet`ro*log"ic (?), Pet`ro*log"ic*al (?), } a. Of or pertaining to +petrology. + +Pet`ro*log"ic*al*ly, adv. According to petrology. + +Pe*trol"o*gist (?), n. One who is versed in petrology. + +Pe*trol"o*gy (?), n. [Petro + -logy.] 1. The department of science +which is concerned with the mineralogical and chemical composition of +rocks, and with their classification: lithology. + +2. A treatise on petrology. + +Pet`ro*mas"toid (?), a. [Petro + mastoid.] (Anat.) Of or pertaining to +the petrous and mastoid parts of the temporal bone, periotic. + +Pet`ro*my"zont (?), n. [Petro + Gr. &?; to suck in.] (Zoˆl.) A lamprey. + +Pet`ro*nel (?), n. [OF. petrinal, fr. peitrine, petrine, the breast, F. +poitrine; so called because it was placed against the breast in order +to fire. See Poitrel.] A sort of hand cannon, or portable firearm, used +in France in the 15th century. + +Pe*tro"sal (?), a. [See Petrous.] (Anat.) (a) Hard; stony; petrous; as, +the petrosal bone; petrosal part of the temporal bone. (b) Of, +pertaining to, or in the region of, the petrous, or petrosal, bone, or +the corresponding part of the temporal bone. + +Petrosal bone (Anat.), a bone corresponding to the petrous portion of +the temporal bone of man; or one forming more or less of the periotic +capsule. + +Pe*tro"sal, n. (Anat.) (a) A petrosal bone. (b) The auditory capsule. +Owen. + +Pet`ro*si"lex (?), n. [Petro + silex.] (Min.) Felsite. + +Pet`ro*si*li"cious (?), a. Containing, or consisting of, petrosilex. + +Pet`ro*ste"a*rine (?), n. [Petro + stearine.] A solid unctuous +material, of which candles are made. + +Pe"trous (?), a. [L. petrosus, fr. petra a stone.] 1. Like stone; hard; +stony; rocky; as, the petrous part of the temporal bone. Hooper. + +2. (Anat.) Same as Petrosal. + +Pet"ti*chaps (?), n. (Zoˆl.) See Pettychaps. + +Pet"ti*coat (?), n. (Zoˆl.) [Petty + coat.] A loose under-garment worn +by women, and covering the body below the waist. + +Petticoat government, government by women, whether in politics or +domestic affairs. [Colloq.] -- Petticoat pipe (Locomotives), a short, +flaring pipe surrounding the blast nozzle in the smoke box, to equalize +the draft. + +Pet"ti*fog (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Pettifogged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Pettifogging (?).] [Petty + fog to pettifog.] To do a petty business as +a lawyer; also, to do law business in a petty or tricky way. "He takes +no money, but pettifogs gratis." S. Butler. + +Pet"ti*fog, v. t. To advocate like a pettifogger; to argue trickily; +as, to pettifog a claim. [Colloq.] + +Pet"ti*fog`ger (?), n. A lawyer who deals in petty cases; an attorney +whose methods are mean and tricky; an inferior lawyer. + + A pettifogger was lord chancellor. + + +Macaulay. + +Pet"ti*fog`ger*y (?), n.; pl. - ies (&?;). The practice or arts of a +pettifogger; disreputable tricks; quibbles. + + Quirks of law, and pettifoggeries. + + +Barrow. + +Pet"ti*fog`ging (?), a. Paltry; quibbling; mean. + +Pet"ti*fog`ging, n. Pettifoggery. + +Pet`ti*fog"u*lize (?), v. i. To act as a pettifogger; to use +contemptible tricks. De Quincey. + +Pet"ti*ly, adv. In a petty manner; frivolously. + +Pet"ti*ness, n. The quality or state of being petty or paltry; +littleness; meanness. + +Pet"tish (?), a. [From Pet.] Fretful; peevish; moody; capricious; +inclined to ill temper. "A pettish kind of humor." Sterne. -- +Pet"tish*ly, adv. -- Pet"tish*ness, n. + +Pet"ti*toes (?), n. pl. [Petty + toes.] The toes or feet of a pig, -- +often used as food; sometimes, in contempt, the human feet. Shak. + +||Pet"to (?), n. [It., fr. L. pectus.] The breast. + +In petto, in the breast; hence, in secrecy; in reserve. + +Pet"ty (?), a. [Compar. Pettier (?); superl. Pettiest.] [OE. petit, F. +petit; probably of Celtic origin, and akin to E. piece. Cf. Petit.] +Little; trifling; inconsiderable; also, inferior; subordinate; as, a +petty fault; a petty prince. Denham. + + Like a petty god I walked about, admired of all. + + +Milton. + +Petty averages. See under Average. -- Petty cash, money expended or +received in small items or amounts. -- Petty officer, a subofficer in +the navy, as a gunner, etc., corresponding to a noncommissionned +officer in the army. + +For petty constable, petty jury, petty larceny, petty treason, See +Petit. + +Syn. -- Little; diminutive; inconsiderable; inferior; trifling; +trivial; unimportant; frivolous. + +<! p. 1074 !> + +Pet"ty*chaps (?), n. (Zoˆl.) Any one of several species of small +European singing birds of the subfamily SylviinÊ, as the willow +warbler, the chiff- chaff, and the golden warbler (Sylvia hortensis). + +Pet"ty*whin (?), n. [Petty + whin.] (Bot.) The needle furze. See under +Needle. + +{ Pet"u*lance (?), Pet"u*lan*cy (?), } n. [L. petulania: cf. F. +pÈtulance. See Petulant.] The quality or state of being petulant; +temporary peevishness; pettishness; capricious ill humor. "The +petulancy of our words." B. Jonson. + + Like pride in some, and like petulance in others. + + +Clarendon. + + The lowering eye, the petulance, the frown. + + +Cowper. + +Syn. -- Petulance, Peevishness. -- Peevishness implies the permanence +of a sour, fretful temper; petulance implies temporary or capricious +irritation. + +Pet"u*lant (?), a. [L. petulans, -antis, prop., making slight attacks +upon, from a lost dim. of petere to fall upon, to attack: cf. F. +pÈtulant. See Petition.] 1. Forward; pert; insolent; wanton. [Obs.] +Burton. + +2. Capriciously fretful; characterized by ill- natured freakishness; +irritable. "Petulant moods." Macaulay. + +Syn. -- Irritable; ill-humored; peevish; cross; fretful; querulous. + +Pet"u*lant*ly, adv. In a petulant manner. + +Pe*tul"ci*ty (?), n. [See Petulcous.] Wantonness; friskiness. [Obs.] +Bp. Hall. + +Pe*tul"cous (?), a. [L. petulcus. Cf. Petulant.] Wanton; frisky; +lustful. [Obs.] J. V. Cane. + +Pe*tu"ni*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Braz. petun tobacco.] (Bot.) A genus of +solanaceous herbs with funnelform or salver-shaped corollas. Two +species are common in cultivation, Petunia violacera, with reddish +purple flowers, and P. nyctaginiflora, with white flowers. There are +also many hybrid forms with variegated corollas. + +{ Pe*tunse", Pe*tuntse", Pe*tuntze" } (?), n. [From Chinese.] Powdered +fledspar, kaolin, or quartz, used in the manufacture of porcelain. + +Pet"worth mar"ble (?). A kind of shell marble occurring in the Wealden +clay at Petworth, in Sussex, England; -- called also Sussex marble. + +Petz"ite (?), n. [From Petz, who analyzed it.] (Min.) A telluride of +silver and gold, related to hessite. + +Peu*ced"a*nin (?), n. (Chem.) A tasteless white crystalline substance, +extracted from the roots of the sulphurwort (Peucedanum), masterwort +(Imperatoria), and other related plants; -- called also imperatorin. + +Peu"cil (?), n. [Gr. &?; pine tree.] (Chem.) A liquid resembling +camphene, obtained by treating turpentine hydrochloride with lime. +[Written also peucyl.] + +Pew (?), n. [OE. pewe, OF. puie parapet, balustrade, balcony, fr. L. +podium an elevated place, a jutty, balcony, a parapet or balcony in the +circus, where the emperor and other distinguished persons sat, Gr. &?;, +dim. of &?;, &?;, foot; -- hence the Latin sense of a raised place +(orig. as a rest or support for the foot). See Foot, and cf. Podium, +Poy.] 1. One of the compartments in a church which are separated by low +partitions, and have long seats upon which several persons may sit; -- +sometimes called slip. Pews were originally made square, but are now +usually long and narrow. + +2. Any structure shaped like a church pew, as a stall, formerly used by +money lenders, etc.; a box in theater; a pen; a sheepfold. [Obs.] +Pepys. Milton. + +Pew opener, an usher in a church. [Eng.] Dickens. + +Pew, v. t. To furnish with pews. [R.] Ash. + +Pe"wee (?), n. [So called from its note.] 1. (Zoˆl.) A common American +tyrant flycatcher (Sayornis phúbe, or S. fuscus). Called also pewit, +and phúbe. + +2. The woodcock. [Local, U.S.] + +Wood pewee (Zoˆl.), a bird (Contopus virens) similar to the pewee (See +Pewee, 1), but of smaller size. + +Pe"wet (?), n. (Zoˆl.) Same as Pewit. + +Pew"fel`low (?), n. 1. One who occupies the same pew with another. + +2. An intimate associate; a companion. Shak. + +Pe"wit (?), n. [Prob. of imitative origin; cf. OD. piewit, D. kievit, +G. kibitz.] (Zoˆl.) (a) The lapwing. (b) The European black-headed, or +laughing, gull (Xema ridibundus). See under Laughing. (c) The pewee. +[Written also peevit, peewit, pewet.] + +Pew"ter (?), n. [OE. pewtyr, OF. peutre, peautre, piautre: cf. D. +peauter, piauter, It. peltro, Sp. & Pg. peltre, LL. peutreum, pestrum. +Cf. Spelter.] 1. A hard, tough, but easily fusible, alloy, originally +consisting of tin with a little lead, but afterwards modified by the +addition of copper, antimony, or bismuth. + +2. Utensils or vessels made of pewter, as dishes, porringers, drinking +vessels, tankards, pots. + +Pewter was formerly much used for domestic utensils. Inferior sorts +contain a large proportion of lead. + +Pew"ter*er (?), n. One whose occupation is to make utensils of pewter; +a pewtersmith. Shak. + +Pew"ter*y (?), a. Belonging to, or resembling, pewter; as, a pewtery +taste. + +Pex"i*ty (?), n. [L. pexitas, fr. pexus woolly, nappy, p. p. of pectere +to comb.] Nap of cloth. [Obs.] + +Pey"er's glands` (?). [So called from J. K. Peyer, who described them +in 1677.] (Anat.) Patches of lymphoid nodules, in the walls of the +small intestiness; agminated glands; -- called also Peyer's patches. In +typhoid fever they become the seat of ulcers which are regarded as the +characteristic organic lesion of that disease. + +Pey"trel (?), n. [OF. peitral. See Poitrel.] (Anc. Armor) The +breastplate of a horse's armor or harness. [Spelt also peitrel.] See +Poitrel. [Obs.] Chaucer. + +||Pe*zi"za (?), n. [NL., corrupt. from L. pezica a sessile mushroom, +||fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?;, &?;, a foot.] (Bot.) A genus of fungi embracing +||a great number of species, some of which are remarkable for their +||regular cuplike form and deep colors. + +Pez"i*zoid (?), a. [Peziza + - oid.] (Bot.) Resembling a fungus of the +genus Peziza; having a cuplike form. + +||Pfen"nig (?), n.; pl. Pfennigs (#), G. Pfennige (#). [G. See Penny.] +||A small copper coin of Germany. It is the hundredth part of a mark, +||or about a quarter of a cent in United States currency. + +||Pha*cel"lus (?), n.; pl. Phacelli (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a bundle of +||fagots.] (Zoˆl.) One of the filaments on the inner surface of the +||gastric cavity of certain jellyfishes. + +Phac"o*chere (?), n. [Gr. &?; a lentil seed, a wart + &?; a pig.] +(Zoˆl.) The wart hog. + +Pha"coid (?), a. [Gr. &?; a lentil + -oid.] Resembling a lentil; +lenticular. + +Phac"o*lite (?), n. [Gr. &?; lentil + -lite.] (Min.) A colorless +variety of chabazite; the original was from Leipa, in Bohemia. + +||Pha"cops (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a lentil + &?;, &?;, the eye.] +||(Paleon.) A genus of trilobites found in the Silurian and Devonian +||formations. Phacops bufo is one of the most common species. + +PhÊ*a"cian (?), a. Of or pertaining to the PhÊacians, a fabulous +seafaring people fond of the feast, the lyre, and the dance, mentioned +by Homer. + +PhÊ"no*gam (?), n. (Bot.) Any plant of the class PhÊnogamia. + +||PhÊ`no*ga"mi*a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. &?; to show + &?; marriage.] +||(Bot.) The class of flowering plants including all which have true +||flowers with distinct floral organs; phanerogamia. + +{ PhÊ`no*ga"mi*an (?), PhÊ`no*gam"ic (?), } a. Same as PhÊnogamous. + +PhÊ*nog"a*mous (?), a. (Bot.) Having true flowers with with distinct +floral organs; flowering. + +PhÊ*nom"e*non (?), n. [L.] See Phenomenon. + +PhÊ"o*spore (?), n. [Gr. &?; dusky + E. spore.] (Bot.) A brownish +zoˆspore, characteristic of an order (PhÊosporeÊ) of dark green or +olive-colored algÊ. -- PhÊ`o*spor"ic (#), a. + +Pha"Î*thon (?), n. [L., PhaÎthon (in sense 1), fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?;, +&?;, to shine. See Phantom.] 1. (Class. Myth.) The son of Helios +(Phúbus), that is, the son of light, or of the sun. He is fabled to +have obtained permission to drive the chariot of the sun, in doing +which his want of skill would have set the world on fire, had he not +been struck with a thunderbolt by Jupiter, and hurled headlong into the +river Po. + +2. (Zoˆl.) A genus of oceanic birds including the tropic birds. + +Pha"Î*ton (?), n. [F. phaÈton a kind of carriage, fr. PhaÈthon +PhaÎthon, the son of Helios. See PhaÎthon.] 1. A four-wheeled carriage +(with or without a top), open, or having no side pieces, in front of +the seat. It is drawn by one or two horses. + +2. See PhaÎthon. + +3. (Zoˆl.) A handsome American butterfly (Euphydryas, or MelitÊa, +PhaÎton). The upper side of the wings is black, with orange-red spots +and marginal crescents, and several rows of cream-colored spots; -- +called also Baltimore. + +Phag`e*de"na (?), n. [L. phagedaena, Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to eat.] (Med.) +(a) A canine appetite; bulimia. [Obs.] (b) Spreading, obstinate +ulceration. + +{ Phag`e*den"ic (?), Phag`e*den"ic*AL (?), } a. [L. phagedaenicus, Gr. +&?;: cf. F. phagÈdÈnique.] (Med.) Of, like, or pertaining to, +phagedena; used in the treatment of phagedena; as, a phagedenic ulcer +or medicine. -- n. A phagedenic medicine. + +Phag`e*de"nous (?), a. (Med.) Phagedenic. + +Phag"o*cyte (?), n. [Gr. &?; to eat + &?; a hollow vessel.] (Physiol.) +A leucocyte which plays a part in retrogressive processes by taking up +(eating), in the form of fine granules, the parts to be removed. + +||Pha*i`no*pep"la (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; shining + &?; robe.] +||(Zoˆl.) A small crested passerine bird (PhaÔnopepla nitens), native +||of Mexico and the Southern United States. The adult male is of a +||uniform glossy blue-black; the female is brownish. Called also black +||flycatcher. + +Phak"o*scope (?), n. [Gr. &?; a lentil, or lenticular body + -scope.] +(Physiol.) An instrument for studying the mechanism of accommodation. + +||Pha*lÊ"na (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, &?;, a kind od moth.] (Zoˆl.) A +||linnÊan genus which included the moths in general. + +Pha*lÊ"nid (?), n. [Gr. &?;, &?;, a kind od moth.] (Zoˆl.) Any moth of +the family PhalÊnidÊ, of which the cankerworms are examples; a +geometrid. + +{ Pha*lan"ge*al (?), Pha*lan"gal (?), } a. Of or pertaining to the +phalanges. See Phalanx, 2. + +Pha*lan"ger (?), n. [Cf. F. phalanger. See Phalanx.] (Zoˆl.) Any +marsupial belonging to Phalangista, Cuscus, Petaurus, and other genera +of the family PhalangistidÊ. They are arboreal, and the species of +Petaurus are furnished with lateral parachutes. See Flying phalanger, +under Flying. + +||Pha*lan"ges (?), n., pl. of Phalanx. + +{ Pha*lan"gi*al (?), Pha*lan"gi*an (?), } a. (Anat.) Phalangeal. + +Pha*lan"gid (?), n.; pl. Phalangides (&?;). (Zoˆl.) One of the +Phalangoidea. + +Pha*lan"gi*ous (?), a. [L. phalangium a kind of venomous spider, Gr. +&?;, fr. &?; a spider. Cf. Phalanx.] (Zoˆl.) Of or pertaining to +Phalangoidea. + +Pha*lan"gist (?), n. (Zoˆl.) Any arboreal marsupial of the genus +Phalangista. The vulpine phalangist (P. vulpina) is the largest +species, the full grown male being about two and a half feet long. It +has a large bushy tail. + +{ Phal`an*gis"ter (?), Phal`an*gis"tine (?), } n. (Zoˆl.) Same as +Phalangist. + +Phal"an*gite (?), n. [Gr. &?;: cf. F. phalangite.] A soldier belonging +to a phalanx. [Obs.] + +||Phal`an*goi"de*a (?), n. pl. [NL., from Phalangium the daddy longlegs +||(see Phalangious) + Gr. &?; form.] (Zoˆl.) A division of Arachnoidea, +||including the daddy longlegs or harvestman (Phalangium) and many +||similar kinds. They have long, slender, many-jointed legs; usually a +||rounded, segmented abdomen; and chelate jaws. They breathe by +||tracheÊ. Called also Phalangides, Phalangidea, Phalangiida, and +||Opilionea. + +||Pha`lan`stÈre" (?), n. [F.] A phalanstery. + +Phal`an*ste"ri*an (?), a. [F. phalanstÈrien, a. & n.] Of or pertaining +to phalansterianism. + +Phal`an*ste"ri*an, n. One who favors the system of phalansteries +proposed by Fourier. + +{ Pha*lan"ster*ism (?), Phal`an*ste"ri*an*ism (?), } n. A system of +phalansteries proposed by Fourier; Fourierism. + +Phal"an*ster*y (?), n.; pl. -ies (#). [F. phalanstËre, fr. Gr. &?; a +phalanx + &?; firm, solid.] 1. An association or community organized on +the plan of Fourier. See Fourierism. + +2. The dwelling house of a Fourierite community. + +Pha"lanx (?), n.; pl. Phalanxes (#), L. Phalanges (#). [L., from Gr. +&?;.] 1. (Gr. Antiq.) A body of heavy-armed infantry formed in ranks +and files close and deep. There were several different arrangements, +the phalanx varying in depth from four to twenty-five or more ranks of +men. "In cubic phalanx firm advanced." Milton. + + The Grecian phalanx, moveless as a tower. + + +Pope. + +2. Any body of troops or men formed in close array, or any combination +of people distinguished for firmness and solidity of a union. + + At present they formed a united phalanx. + + +Macaulay. + + The sheep recumbent, and the sheep that grazed, All huddling into + phalanx, stood and gazed. + + +Cowper. + +3. A Fourierite community; a phalanstery. + +4. (Anat.) One of the digital bones of the hand or foot, beyond the +metacarpus or metatarsus; an internode. + +5. [pl. Phalanges.] (Bot.) A group or bundle of stamens, as in +polyadelphous flowers. + +Phal"a*rope (?), n. [Gr. &?; having a patch of white + &?;, &?;, a +foot: cf. F. phalarope.] (Zoˆl.) Any species of Phalaropus and allied +genera of small wading birds (GrallÊ), having lobate toes. They are +often seen far from land, swimming in large flocks. Called also sea +goose. + +Phal"lic (?), a. [Gr. &?;.] Of or pertaining to the phallus, or to +phallism. + +Phal"li*cism (?), n. See Phallism. + +Phal"lism (?), n. The worship of the generative principle in nature, +symbolized by the phallus. + +Phal"lus (?), n.; pl. Phalli (&?;). [L., a phallus (in sense 1), Gr. +&?;.] 1. The emblem of the generative power in nature, carried in +procession in the Bacchic orgies, or worshiped in various ways. + +2. (Anat.) The penis or clitoris, or the embryonic or primitive organ +from which either may be derived. + +3. (Bot.) A genus of fungi which have a fetid and disgusting odor; the +stinkhorn. + +<! p. 1075 !> + +Phane (?), n. See Fane. [Obs.] Joye. + +Phan"er*ite (?), a. [Gr. &?; visible, from &?; to bring to light.] +Evident; visible. + +Phanerite series (Geol.), the uppermost part of the earth's crust, +consisting of deposits produced by causes in obvious operation. + +||Phan`er*o*car"pÊ (?), n. pl. [NL., from Gr. &?; evident + &?; fruit +||(but taken to mean, ovary).] (Zoˆl.) Same as Acraspeda. + +Phan`er*o*co*don"ic (?), a. [Gr. &?; evident + &?; a bell.] (Zoˆl.) +Having an umbrella- shaped or bell-shaped body, with a wide, open +cavity beneath; -- said of certain jellyfishes. + +Phan`er*o*crys"tal*line (?), a. [Gr. &?; visible + E. crystalline.] +(Geol.) Distinctly crystalline; -- used of rocks. Opposed to +cryptocrystalline. + +||Phan`er*o*dac"ty*la (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; evident + &?; +||finger.] (Zoˆl.) Same as SaururÊ. + +||Phan`er*o*ga"mi*a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; visible (fr. &?; to +||bring to light) + &?; marriage.] (Bot.) That one of the two primary +||divisions of the vegetable kingdom which contains the phanerogamic, +||or flowering, plants. + +Phan`er*o*ga"mi*an (?), a. (Bot.) Phanerogamous. + +{ Phan`er*o*gam"ic (?), Phan`er*og"a*mous (?), } a. Having visible +flowers containing distinct stamens and pistils; -- said of plants. + +Phan`er*o*glos"sal (?), a. [Gr. &?; evident + &?; tongue.] +(Zoˆl.)Having a conspicious tongue; -- said of certain reptiles and +insects. + +Phan"ta*scope (?), n. [Gr. &?; image + -scope.] An optical instrument +or toy, resembling the phenakistoscope, and illustrating the same +principle; -- called also phantasmascope. + +Phan"tasm (?), n. [L. phantasma. See Phantom, and cf. Fantasm.] [Spelt +also fantasm.] 1. An image formed by the mind, and supposed to be real +or material; a shadowy or airy appearance; sometimes, an optical +illusion; a phantom; a dream. + + They be but phantasms or apparitions. + + +Sir W. Raleigh. + +2. A mental image or representation of a real object; a fancy; a +notion. Cudworth. + + Figures or little features, of which the description had produced + in you no phantasm or expectation. + + +Jer. Taylor. + +||Phan"tas"ma (?), n. [L.] A phantasm. + +Phan*tas`ma*go"ri*a (?), n. [NL., from Gr. &?; a phantasm + &?; an +assembly, fr. &?; to gather: cf. F. phantasmagorie.] 1. An optical +effect produced by a magic lantern. The figures are painted in +transparent colors, and all the rest of the glass is opaque black. The +screen is between the spectators and the instrument, and the figures +are often made to appear as in motion, or to merge into one another. + +2. The apparatus by which such an effect is produced. + +3. Fig.: A medley of figures; illusive images. "This mental +phantasmagoria." Sir W. Scott. + +Phan*tas`ma*go"ri*al (?), a. Of, relating to, or resembling +phantasmagoria; phantasmagoric. + +Phan*tas`ma*gor"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to phantasmagoria; +phantasmagorial. Hawthorne. + +Phan*tas"ma*go*ry (?), n. See Phantasmagoria. + +Phan*tas"mal (?), a. Pertaining to, of the nature of, or resembling, a +phantasm; spectral; illusive. + +Phan*tas"ma*scope (?), n. See Phantascope. + +Phan`tas*mat"ic*al (?), a. [L. phantasmaticus.] Phantasmal. Dr. H. +More. + +Phan*tas`ma*tog"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr. &?;, &?;, phantasm + -graphy.] A +description of celestial phenomena, as rainbows, etc. + +{ Phan*tas"tic (?), Phan*tas"tic*al (?), } a. See Fantastic. + +Phan"ta*sy (?), n. See Fantasy, and Fancy. + +Phan"tom (?), n. [OE. fantome, fantosme, fantesme, OF. fantÙme, fr. L. +phantasma, Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to show. See Fancy, and cf. PhaÎton, +Phantasm, Phase.] That which has only an apparent existence; an +apparition; a specter; a phantasm; a sprite; an airy spirit; an ideal +image. + + Strange phantoms rising as the mists arise. + + +Pope. + + She was a phantom of delight. + + +Wordsworth. + +Phantom ship. See Flying Dutchman, under Flying. -- Phantom tumor +(Med.), a swelling, especially of the abdomen, due to muscular spasm, +accumulation of flatus, etc., simulating an actual tumor in appearance, +but disappearing upon the administration of an anÊsthetic. + +Phan`tom*at"ic, a. Phantasmal. [R.] Coleridge. + +Pha"raoh (?), n. [Heb. parh; of Egyptian origin: cf. L. pharao, Gr. +&?;. Cf. Faro.] 1. A title by which the sovereigns of ancient Egypt +were designated. + +2. See Faro. + +Pharaoh's chicken (Zoˆl.), the gier-eagle, or Egyptian vulture; -- so +called because often sculpured on Egyptian monuments. It is nearly +white in color. -- Pharaoh's rat (Zoˆl.), the common ichneumon. + +Pha"ra*on (?), n. See Pharaoh, 2. + +Phar`a*on"ic (?), a. [Cf. F. pharaonique.] Of or pertaining to the +Pharaohs, or kings of ancient Egypt. + +Phare (?), n. [See Pharos.] 1. A beacon tower; a lighthouse. [Obs.] + +2. Hence, a harbor. Howell. + +{ Phar`i*sa"ic (fr`*s"k), Phar`i*sa"ic*al (-*kal), } a. [L. +Pharisaicus, Gr. Farisai:ko`s: cf. F. pharisaÔque. See Pharisee.] 1. Of +or pertaining to the Pharisees; resembling the Pharisees. "The +Pharisaic sect among the Jews." Cudworth. + +2. Hence: Addicted to external forms and ceremonies; making a show of +religion without the spirit of it; ceremonial; formal; hypocritical; +self-righteous. "Excess of outward and pharisaical holiness." Bacon. +"Pharisaical ostentation." Macaulay. + +-- Phar`i*sa"ic*al*ly, adv. -- Phar`i*sa"ic*al*ness, n. + +Phar`i*sa"ism (?), n. [Cf. F. pharisaisme.] 1. The notions, doctrines, +and conduct of the Pharisees, as a sect. Sharp. + +2. Rigid observance of external forms of religion, without genuine +piety; hypocrisy in religion; a censorious, self-righteous spirit in +matters of morals or manners. "A piece of pharisaism." Hammond. + +Phar`i*se"an (?), a. [L. Pharisaeus, Gr. Farisai^os.] Following the +practice of Pharisees; Pharisaic. [Obs.] "Pharisean disciples." Milton. + +Phar"i*see (fr"*s), n. [L. Pharisaeus, Gr. Farisai^os, from Heb. prash +to separate.] One of a sect or party among the Jews, noted for a strict +and formal observance of rites and ceremonies and of the traditions of +the elders, and whose pretensions to superior sanctity led them to +separate themselves from the other Jews. + +Phar"i*see*ism (?), n. See Pharisaism. + +{ Phar`ma*ceu"tic (f‰r`m*s"tk), Phar`ma*ceu"tic*al (-t*kal), } a. [L. +pharmaceuticus, Gr. farmakeytiko`s, fr. farmakey`ein: cf. F. +pharmaceutique. See Pharmacy.] Of or pertaining to the knowledge or art +of pharmacy, or to the art of preparing medicines according to the +rules or formulas of pharmacy; as, pharmaceutical preparations. -- +Phar`ma*ceu"tic*al*ly, adv. + +Pharmaceutical chemistry, that department of chemistry which ascertains +or regulates the composition of medicinal substances. + +Phar`ma*ceu"tics (?), n. The science of preparing medicines. + +Phar`ma*ceu"tist (?), n. One skilled in pharmacy; a druggist. See the +Note under Apothecary. + +Phar"ma*cist (?), n. One skilled in pharmacy; a pharmaceutist; a +druggist. + +Phar`ma*co*dy*nam"ics (?), n. [Gr. fa`rmakon medicine + E. dynamics.] +That branch of pharmacology which considers the mode of action, and the +effects, of medicines. Dunglison. + +Phar`ma*cog*no"sis (?), n. [Gr. fa`rmakon a drug + gnw^sis a knowing.] +That branch of pharmacology which treats of unprepared medicines or +simples; -- called also pharmacography, and pharmacomathy. + +Phar`ma*cog"no*sy (?), n. Pharmacognosis. + +Phar`ma*cog"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr. fa`rmakon a drug + -graphy.] See +Pharmacognosis. + +Phar*mac"o*lite (?), n. [Gr. fa`rmakon drug, poisonous drug + -lite: +cf. F. pharmacolithe.] (Min.) A hydrous arsenate of lime, usually +occurring in silky fibers of a white or grayish color. + +Phar`ma*col"o*gist (?), n. [Cf. F. pharmacologiste.] One skilled in +pharmacology. + +Phar`ma*col"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. fa`rmakon drug + -logy: cf. F. +pharmacologie.] 1. Knowledge of drugs or medicines; the art of +preparing medicines. + +2. A treatise on the art of preparing medicines. + +Phar`ma*com"a*thy (?), n. [Gr. fa`rmakon a drug + manqa`nein to learn.] +See Pharmacognosis. + +Phar"ma*con (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. fa`rmakon.] A medicine or drug; also, +a poison. Dunglison. + +Phar`ma*co*pú"ia (?), n. [NL., from Gr. farmakopoii:`a the preparation +of medicines; fa`rmakon medicine + poiei^n to make.] 1. A book or +treatise describing the drugs, preparations, etc., used in medicine; +especially, one that is issued by official authority and considered as +an authoritative standard. + +2. A chemical laboratory. [Obs.] Dunglison. + +Phar`ma*cop"o*list (?), n. [L. pharmacopola, Gr. farmakopw`lhs; +fa`rmakon medicine + pwlei^n to sell.] One who sells medicines; an +apothecary. + +Phar`ma*co*sid"er*ite (?), n. [Gr. &?; drug, poison + E. siderite.] +(Min.) A hydrous arsenate of iron occurring in green or yellowish green +cubic crystals; cube ore. + +Phar"ma*cy (?), n. [OE. fermacie, OF. farmacie, pharmacie, F. +pharmacie, Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to administer or use medicines, fr. &?; +medicine.] 1. The art or practice of preparing and preserving drugs, +and of compounding and dispensing medicines according to prescriptions +of physicians; the occupation of an apothecary or a pharmaceutical +chemist. + +2. A place where medicines are compounded; a drug store; an +apothecary's shop. + +Pha"ro (?), n. 1. A pharos; a lighthouse. [Obs.] + +2. See Faro. + +Pha*rol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. &?; a lighthouse + -logy.] The art or science +which treats of lighthouses and signal lights. + +Pha"ros (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?; an island in the Bay of +Alexandria, where king Ptolemy Philadelphus built a famous lighthouse.] +A lighthouse or beacon for the guidance of seamen. + + He . . . built a pharos, or lighthouse. + + +Arbuthnot. + +Pha*ryn"gal (?), a. Pharyngeal. H. Sweet. + +Phar`yn*ge"al (?), a. [See Pharynx.] (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the +pharynx; in the region of the pharynx. + +Phar`yn*ge"al, n. (Anat.) A pharyngeal bone or cartilage; especially, +one of the lower pharyngeals, which belong to the rudimentary fifth +branchial arch in many fishes, or one of the upper pharyngeals, or +pharyngobranchials, which are the dorsal elements in the complete +branchial arches. + +||Phar`yn*gi"tis (?), n. [NL. See Pharynx, and -itis.] (Med.) +||Inflammation of the pharynx. + +Pha*ryn`go*bran"chi*al (?), a. [Pharynx + branchial.] (Anat.) Of or +pertaining to the pharynx and the branchiÊ; -- applied especially to +the dorsal elements in the branchial arches of fishes. See Pharyngeal. +-- n. A pharyngobranchial, or upper pharyngeal, bone or cartilage. + +||Pha*ryn`go*bran"chi*i (?), n. pl. [NL. See Pharynx, and Branchia.] +||(Zoˆl.) Same as Leptocardia. + +||Phar`yn*gog"na*thi (?), n. pl. [NL. See Pharynx, and Gnathic.] +||(Zoˆl.) A division of fishes in which the lower pharyngeal bones are +||united. It includes the scaroid, labroid, and embioticoid fishes. + +Pha*ryn`go*lar`yn*ge"al (?), a. [Pharynx + laryngeal.] Of or pertaining +both to pharynx and the larynx. + +||Pha*ryn`gop*neus"ta (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; the pharynx + &?; +||to breathe.] (Zoˆl.) A group of invertebrates including the Tunicata +||and Enteropneusta. -- Pha*ryn`gop*neus"tal (#), a. + +Pha*ryn"go*tome (?), n. (Surg.) An instrument for incising or +scarifying the tonsils, etc. + +Phar`yn*got"o*my (?), n. [Pharynx + Gr. &?; to cut: cf. F. +pharyngotomie.] (Surg.) (a) The operation of making an incision into +the pharynx, to remove a tumor or anything that obstructs the passage. +(b) Scarification or incision of the tonsils. + +Phar"ynx (?), n.; pl. pharynges (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, &?;: cf. F. +pharynx.] (Anat.) The part of the alimentary canal between the cavity +of the mouth and the esophagus. It has one or two external openings +through the nose in the higher vertebrates, and lateral branchial +openings in fishes and some amphibias. + +Phas"co*lome (?), n. [Gr. &?; pouch + &?; mouse.] (Zoˆl.) A marsupial +of the genus Phascolomys; a wombat. + +Phase (?), n.; pl. Phases (#). [NL. phasis, Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to make to +appear: cf. F. phase. See Phenomenon, Phantom, and Emphasis.] 1. That +which is exhibited to the eye; the appearance which anything manifests, +especially any one among different and varying appearances of the same +object. + +2. Any appearance or aspect of an object of mental apprehension or +view; as, the problem has many phases. + +3. (Astron.) A particular appearance or state in a regularly recurring +cycle of changes with respect to quantity of illumination or form of +enlightened disk; as, the phases of the moon or planets. See Illust. +under Moon. + +4. (Physics) Any one point or portion in a recurring series of changes, +as in the changes of motion of one of the particles constituting a wave +or vibration; one portion of a series of such changes, in distinction +from a contrasted portion, as the portion on one side of a position of +equilibrium, in contrast with that on the opposite side. + +Pha"sel (?), n. [L. phaselus, phaseolus, Gr. &?;, &?;: cf. F. phasÈole, +fasÈole. Cf. Fesels.] The French bean, or kidney bean. + +Phase"less (?), a. Without a phase, or visible form. [R.] "A phaseless +and increasing gloom." Poe. + +||Pha*se"o*lus (?), n. [L.] (Bot.) A genus of leguminous plants, +||including the Lima bean, the kidney bean, the scarlet runner, etc. +||See Bean. + +Pha`se*o*man"nite (?), n. [So called because found in the unripe fruit +of the bean (Phaseolus vulgaris).] (Chem.) Same as Inosite. + +||Pha"sis (?), n.; pl. Phases (#). [NL.] See Phase. Creech. + +{ Phasm (?), Phas"ma (?), } n. [L. phasma, Gr. &?;. See Phase.] An +apparition; a phantom; an appearance. [R.] Hammond. Sir T. Herbert. + +Phas"mid (?), n. [See Phasm. Probably so called from its mimicking, or +appearing like, inanimate objects.] (Zoˆl.) Any orthopterous insect of +the family PhasmidÊ, as a leaf insect or a stick insect. + +Phas"sa*chate (?), n. [Gr. &?; the wood pigeon + &?; the agate.] (Min.) +The lead-colored agate; -- so called in reference to its color. + +Phat"a*gin (?), n. [Cf. Gr. &?;; perhaps from native name.] (Zoˆl.) The +long-tailed pangolin (Manis tetradactyla); -- called also ipi. + +Pheas"ant (?), n. [OE. fesant, fesaunt, OF. faisant, faisan, F. faisan, +L. phasianus, Gr. &?; (sc. &?;) the Phasian bird, pheasant, fr. &?; a +river in Colchis or Pontus.] 1. (Zoˆl.) Any one of numerous species of +large gallinaceous birds of the genus Phasianus, and many other genera +of the family PhasianidÊ, found chiefly in Asia. + +The common, or English, pheasant (Phasianus Colchicus) is now found +over most of temperate Europe, but was introduced from Asia. The +ring-necked pheasant (P. torquatus) and the green pheasant (P. +versicolor) have been introduced into Oregon. The golden pheasant +(Thaumalea picta) is one of the most beautiful species. The silver +pheasant (Euplocamus nychthemerus) of China, and several related +species from Southern Asia, are very beautiful. + +2. (Zoˆl.) The ruffed grouse. [Southern U.S.] + +Various other birds are locally called pheasants, as the lyre bird, the +leipoa, etc. + +Fireback pheasant. See Fireback. -- Gold, or Golden, pheasant (Zoˆl.), +a Chinese pheasant (Thaumalea picta), having rich, varied colors. The +crest is amber-colored, the rump is golden yellow, and the under parts +are scarlet. -- Mountain pheasant (Zoˆl.), the ruffed grouse. [Local, +U.S.] -- Pheasant coucal (Zoˆl.), a large Australian cuckoo (Centropus +phasianus). The general color is black, with chestnut wings and brown +tail. Called also pheasant cuckoo. The name is also applied to other +allied species. -- Pheasant duck. (Zoˆl.) (a) The pintail. (b) The +hooded merganser. -- Pheasant parrot (Zoˆl.), a large and beautiful +Australian parrakeet (Platycercus Adelaidensis). The male has the back +black, the feathers margined with yellowish blue and scarlet, the +quills deep blue, the wing coverts and cheeks light blue, the crown, +sides of the neck, breast, and middle of the belly scarlet. -- +Pheasant's eye. (Bot.) (a) A red-flowered herb (Adonis autumnalis) of +the Crowfoot family; -- called also pheasant's-eye Adonis. (b) The +garden pink (Dianthus plumarius); - - called also Pheasant's-eye pink. +-- Pheasant shell (Zoˆl.), any marine univalve shell of the genus +Phasianella, of which numerous species are found in tropical seas. The +shell is smooth and usually richly colored, the colors often forming +blotches like those of a pheasant. -- Pheasant wood. (Bot.) Same as +Partridge wood (a), under Partridge. -- Sea pheasant (Zoˆl.), the +pintail. -- Water pheasant. (Zoˆl.) (a) The sheldrake. (b) The hooded +merganser. + +<! p. 1076 !> + +Pheas"ant*ry (?), n. [Cf. F. faisanderie.] A place for keeping and +rearing pheasants. Gwilt. + +Phe"be (?), n. (Zoˆl.) See Phúbe. + +Pheer, n. See 1st Fere. [Obs.] Spenser. + +Pheese (?), v. t. To comb; also, to beat; to worry. [Obs. or Local] See +Feaze, v. + +Pheese, n. Fretful excitement. [Obs. or Local] See Feaze, n. + +Phel"lo*derm (?), n. [Gr. &?; cork + -derm.] (Bot.) A layer of green +parenchimatous cells formed on the inner side of the phellogen. + +Phel"lo*gen (?), n. [Gr. &?; cork + - gen.] (Bot.) The tissue of young +cells which produces cork cells. + +Phel`lo*plas"tics (?), n. [Gr. &?; cork + &?; to mold.] Art of modeling +in cork. + +Phen"a*cite (?), n. [Gr. &?;, &?;, impostor, deceiver.] (Min.) A glassy +colorless mineral occurring in rhombohedral crystals, sometimes used as +a gem. It is a silicate of glucina, and receives its name from its +deceptive similarity to quartz. + +Phen`a*kis"to*scope (?), n. [Gr. &?; a deceiver + -scope.] A revolving +disk on which figures drawn in different relative attitudes are seen +successively, so as to produce the appearance of an object in actual +motion, as an animal leaping, etc., in consequence of the persistence +of the successive visual impressions of the retina. It is often +arranged so that the figures may be projected upon a screen. + +Phe*nan"threne (?), n. [Phenyl + antracene.] (Chem.) A complex +hydrocarbon, C14H10, found in coal tar, and obtained as a white +crystalline substance with a bluish fluorescence. + +Phe*nan"thri*dine (?), n. [Phenanthrene + pyridine.] (Chem.) A +nitrogenous hydrocarbon base, C13H9N, analogous to phenanthrene and +quinoline. + +Phe*nan"thro*line (?), n. [Phenanthrene + quinoline.] (Chem.) Either of +two metameric nitrogenous hydrocarbon bases, C12H8N2, analogous to +phenanthridine, but more highly nitrogenized. + +Phene (?), n. (Chem.) Benzene. [Obs.] + +Phe"ne*tol (?), n. [Phenyl + ethyl + L. oleum oil.] (Chem.) The ethyl +ether of phenol, obtained as an aromatic liquid, C6H5.O.C2H5. + +Phe"nic (?), a. (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, derived from, or resembling, +phenyl or phenol. + +Phenic acid (Chem.), a phenol. [Obsoles.] + +Phe*ni"cian (?), a. & n. See Phúnician. + +Phen"i*cine (?), n. [Gr. foi^nix purple red: cf. F. phÈnicine.] (Chem.) +(a) A purple powder precipitated when a sulphuric solution of indigo is +diluted with water. (b) A coloring matter produced by the action of a +mixture of strong nitric and sulphuric acids on phenylic alcohol. +Watts. + +Phe*ni"cious (?), a. [L. phoeniceus, Gr. foini`keos, from &?; purple +red.] Of a red color with a slight mixture of gray. Dana. + +Phen`i*cop"ter (?), n. [L. phoenicopterus, Gr. foiniko`pteros, i. e., +red- feathered; foi^nix, foi`nikos, purple red + ptero`n feather: cf. +F. phÈnicoptËre.] (Zoˆl.) A flamingo. + +Phe"nix (?), n.; pl. Phenixes (#). [L. phoenix, Gr. foi^nix.] [Written +also phúnix.] 1. (Gr. Myth.) A bird fabled to exist single, to be +consumed by fire by its own act, and to rise again from its ashes. +Hence, an emblem of immortality. + +2. (Astron.) A southern constellation. + +3. A marvelous person or thing. [R.] Latimer. + +||Phen`o*ga"mi*a (?), n. pl. (Bot.) Same as PhÊnogamia. + +{ Phen`o*ga"mi*an (?), Phen`o*gam"ic (?), Phe*nog"a*mous (?) }, a. Same +as PhÊnogamian, PhÊnogamic, etc. + +Phe"nol (?), n. [Gr. &?; to show + - ol: cf. F. phÈnol.] (Chem.) 1. A +white or pinkish crystalline substance, C6H5OH, produced by the +destructive distillation of many organic bodies, as wood, coal, etc., +and obtained from the heavy oil from coal tar. + +It has a peculiar odor, somewhat resembling creosote, which is a +complex mixture of phenol derivatives. It is of the type of alcohols, +and is called also phenyl alcohol, but has acid properties, and hence +is popularly called carbolic acid, and was formerly called phenic acid. +It is a powerful caustic poison, and in dilute solution has been used +as an antiseptic. + +2. Any one of the series of hydroxyl derivatives of which phenol proper +is the type. + +Glacial phenol (Chem.), pure crystallized phenol or carbolic acid. -- +Phenol acid (Chem.), any one of a series of compounds which are at once +derivatives of both phenol and some member of the fatty acid series; +thus, salicylic acid is a phenol acid. -- Phenol alcohol (Chem.), any +one of series of derivatives of phenol and carbinol which have the +properties of both combined; thus, saligenin is a phenol alcohol. -- +Phenol aldehyde (Chem.), any one of a series of compounds having both +phenol and aldehyde properties. - - Phenol phthalein. See under +Phthalein. + +Phe"no*late (?), n. [Phenol + -ate.] (Chem.) A compound of phenol +analogous to a salt. + +Phe*nom"e*nal (?), a. [Cf. F. phÈnomÈnal.] Relating to, or of the +nature of, a phenomenon; hence, extraordinary; wonderful; as, a +phenomenal memory. -- Phe*nom"e*nal*ly, adv. + +Phe*nom"e*nal*ism (?), n. (Metaph.) That theory which limits positive +or scientific knowledge to phenomena only, whether material or +spiritual. + +Phe*nom"e*nist (?), n. One who believes in the theory of phenomenalism. + +Phe*nom`e*nol"o*gy (?), n. [Phenomenon + -logy: cf. F. phÈnomÈnologie.] +A description, history, or explanation of phenomena. "The phenomenology +of the mind." Sir W. Hamilton. + +Phe*nom"e*non (?), n.; pl. Phenomena (#). [L. phaenomenon, Gr. +faino`menon, fr. fai`nesqai to appear, fai`nein to show. See Phantom.] +1. An appearance; anything visible; whatever, in matter or spirit, is +apparent to, or is apprehended by, observation; as, the phenomena of +heat, light, or electricity; phenomena of imagination or memory. + + In the phenomena of the material world, and in many of the + phenomena of mind. + + +Stewart. + +2. That which strikes one as strange, unusual, or unaccountable; an +extraordinary or very remarkable person, thing, or occurrence; as, a +musical phenomenon. + +Phe"nose` (?), n. [Phenyl + dextrose.] (Chem.) A sweet amorphous +deliquescent substance obtained indirectly from benzene, and isometric +with, and resembling, dextrose. + +Phe"nyl (?), n. [Gr. &?; to bring to light + -yl: cf. F. phÈnyle. So +called because it is a by-product of illuminating gas.] (Chem.) A +hydrocarbon radical (C6H5) regarded as the essential residue of +benzene, and the basis of an immense number of aromatic derivatives. + +Phenyl hydrate (Chem.), phenol or carbolic acid. -- Phenyl hydrazine +(Chem.), a nitrogenous base (C6H5.N2H3) produced artificially as a +colorless oil which unites with acids, ketones, etc., to form +well-crystallized compounds. + +Phe`nyl*am"ine (?), n. [Phenyl + amine.] (Chem.) Any one of certain +class of organic bases regarded as formed from ammonia by the +substitution of phenyl for hydrogen. + +Phe"nyl*ene (?), n. (Chem.) A hypothetic radical (C6H4) occurring in +certain derivatives of benzene; as, phenylene diamine. + +Phe*nyl"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, derived from, or containing, +phenyl. + +Phenylic alcohol (Chem.), phenol. + +Phe"on (?), n. [Prob. from Old French.] (Her.) A bearing representing +the head of a dart or javelin, with long barbs which are engrailed on +the inner edge. + +Phi"al (?), n. [F. fiole, L. phiala a broad, flat, shallow cup or bowl, +Gr. &?;. cf. Vial.] A glass vessel or bottle, especially a small bottle +for medicines; a vial. + +Phi"al, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Phialed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Phialing.] To +put or keep in, or as in, a phial. + + Its phial'd wrath may fate exhaust. + + +Shenstone. + +Phil"a*beg (?), n. See Filibeg. + +Phil`a*del"phi*an (?), a. [Gr. filadelfia brotherly love, from +fila`delfos brotherly; fi`los loved, loving, friendly + 'adelfo`s +brother.] Of or pertaining to Ptolemy Philadelphus, or to one of the +cities named Philadelphia, esp. the modern city in Pennsylvania. + +Phil`a*del"phi*an, n. 1. A native or an inhabitant of Philadelphia. + +2. (Eccl. Hist.) One of a society of mystics of the seventeenth +century, -- called also the Family of Love. Tatler. + +Phil`a*le"thist (?), n. [Philo- + Gr. &?; truth.] A lover of the truth. +[Obs.] Brathwait. + +Phi*lan"der (?), v. i. [Gr. &?; fond of men; &?; loving + &?; man.] To +make love to women; to play the male flirt. + + You can't go philandering after her again. + + +G. Eliot. + +Phi*lan"der, n. A lover. [R.] Congreve. + +Phi*lan"der, n. (Zoˆl.) (a) A South American opossum (Didelphys +philander). (b) An Australian bandicoot (Perameles lagotis). + +Phi*lan"der*er (?), n. One who hangs about women; a male flirt. [R.] C. +Kingsley. + +Phil"an*thrope (?), n. [F.] A philanthropist. [Obs.] R. North. + +{ Phil`an*throp"ic (?), Phil`an*throp"ic*al (?), } a. [Cf. F. +philanthropique.] Of or pertaining to philanthropy; characterized by +philanthropy; loving or helping mankind; as, a philanthropic +enterprise. -- Phil`an*throp"ic*al*ly, adv. + +Phil`an*throp"i*nism (?), n. A system of education on so-called natural +principles, attempted in Germany in the last century by Basedow, of +Dessau. + +Phil`an*throp"i*nist (?), n. An advocate of, or believer in, +philanthropinism. + +Phi*lan"thro*pist (?), n. [Gr. &?;; &?; loving + &?; man: cf. F. +philanthrope.] One who practices philanthropy; one who loves mankind, +and seeks to promote the good of others. + +Phi*lan`thro*pis"tic (?), a. Pertaining to, or characteristic of, a +philanthropist. [R.] Carlyle. + +Phi*lan"thro*py (?), n. [L. philanthropia, Gr. &?;: cf. F. +philanthropie.] Love to mankind; benevolence toward the whole human +family; universal good will; desire and readiness to do good to all +men; -- opposed to misanthropy. Jer. Taylor. + +Phil`a*tel"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to philately. + +Phi*lat"e*list (?), n. One versed in philately; one who collects +postage stamps. + +Phi*lat"e*ly (?), n. [Philo- + Gr. &?; exemption from tax; cf. frank to +send free.] The collection of postage stamps of various issues. + +Phil"a*to*ry (?), n. [OF. filatiere, philatiere. See Phylactery.] +(Eccl.) A kind of transparent reliquary with an ornamental top. + +Phil"au*ty (?), n. [Gr. &?;; &?; loving + &?; self.] Self-love; +selfishness. [Obs.] Beaumont. + +Phil`har*mon"ic (?), a. [Philo- + Gr. &?; harmony: cf. F. +philharmonique.] Loving harmony or music. + +Phil*hel"lene (?), n. A friend of Greece, or of the Greeks; a +philhellenist. Emerson. + +Phil`hel*len"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to philhellenism. + +Phil*hel"len*ism (?), n. Love of Greece. + +Phil*hel"len*ist, n. [Philo- + Gr. &?; a Greek: cf. F. philhellËne.] A +friend of Greece; one who supports the cause of the Greeks; +particularly, one who supported them in their struggle for independence +against the Turks; a philhellene. + +Phil"i*beg (?), n. See Filibeg. [Scot.] + +Phil"ip (?), n. [So called from their notes.] (Zoˆl.) (a) The European +hedge sparrow. (b) The house sparrow. Called also phip. [Prov. Eng.] + +Phi*lip"pi*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to Philippi, a city of ancient +Macedonia. -- n. A native or an inhabitant of Philippi. + +Phi*lip"pic (?), n. [L. Philippicus belonging to Philip, Philippic, Gr. +&?;, fr. &?; Philip, &?; fond of horses: cf. F. philippique.] 1. Any +one of the series of famous orations of Demosthenes, the Grecian +orator, denouncing Philip, king of Macedon. + +2. Hence: Any discourse or declamation abounding in acrimonious +invective. + +Phi*lip"pi*um (?), n. [NL. So named from Philippe Plantamour, of +Geneva, Switzerland.] (Chem.) A rare and doubtful metallic element said +to have been discovered in the mineral samarskite. + +Phil"ip*pize (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Philippized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Philippizing.] [Gr. &?; to be on Philip's side.] 1. To support or +advocate the cause of Philip of Macedon. + +2. [See Philippic.] To write or speak in the style of a philippic. + +Phi*lis"ter (?), n. [G.] A Philistine; -- a cant name given to townsmen +by students in German universities. + +Phi*lis"tine (?), n. [L. Philistinus, Heb. Phlishth, pl. Phlishthm.] 1. +A native or an inhabitant of ancient Philistia, a coast region of +southern Palestine. + +2. A bailiff. [Cant, Eng.] [Obs.] Swift. + +3. A person deficient in liberal culture and refinement; one without +appreciation of the nobler aspirations and sentiments of humanity; one +whose scope is limited to selfish and material interests. [Recent] M. +Arnold. + +Phi*lis"tine, a. 1. Of or pertaining to the Philistines. + +2. Uncultured; commonplace. + +Phi*lis"tin*ism (?), n. The condition, character, aims, and habits of +the class called Philistines. See Philistine, 3. [Recent] Carlyle. + + On the side of beauty and taste, vulgarity; on the side of morals + and feeling, coarseness; on the side of mind and spirit, + unintelligence, -- this is Philistinism. + + +M. Arnold. + +Phil"lips*ite (?), n. [So named after John Phillips, an English +mineralogist.] (Min.) (a) A hydrous silicate of aluminia, lime, and +soda, a zeolitic mineral commonly occurring in complex twin crystals, +often cruciform in shape; -- called also christianite. + +Phil*lyg"e*nin (?), n. [Phillyrin + -gen + -in.] (Chem.) A pearly +crystalline substance obtained by the decomposition of phillyrin. + +||Phil*lyr"e*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, &?;.] (Bot.) A genus of +||evergreen plants growing along the shores of the Mediterranean, and +||breading a fruit resembling that of the olive. + +Phil"ly*rin (?), n. (Chem.) A glucoside extracted from Phillyrea as a +bitter white crystalline substance. It is sometimes used as a +febrifuge. + +Philo-. A combining form from Gr. fi`los loving, fond of, attached to; +as, philosophy, philotechnic. + +Phi*log"y*nist (?), n. [See Philogyny.] A lover or friend of women; one +who esteems woman as the higher type of humanity; -- opposed to +misogynist. + +Phi*log"y*ny (?), n. [Gr. &?;; &?; loving + &?; woman.] Fondness for +women; uxoriousness; -- opposed to misogyny. [R.] Byron. + +Phil`o*hel*le"ni*an (?), n. A philhellenist. + +Phi*lol"o*ger (?), n. [Cf. L. philologus a man of letters, Gr. &?;, +originally, fond of talking; hence, fond of learning and literature; +&?; loving + &?; speech, discourse.] A philologist. Burton. + +Phil`o*lo"gi*an (?), n. A philologist. [R.] + +{ Phil`o*log"ic*al (?), Phil`o*log"ic (?), } a. [Cf. F. philologique.] +Of or pertaining to philology. -- Phil`o*log"ic*al*ly, adv. + +Phi*lol"o*gist (?), n. One versed in philology. + +Phi*lol"o*gize (?), v. i. To study, or make critical comments on, +language. Evelyn. + +Phil"o*logue (?), n. [Cf. F. philologue.] A philologist. [R.] Carlyle. + +Phi*lol"o*gy (?), n. [L. philologia love of learning, interpretation, +philology, Gr. &?;: cf. F. philologie. See Philologer.] 1. Criticism; +grammatical learning. [R.] Johnson. + +2. The study of language, especially in a philosophical manner and as a +science; the investigation of the laws of human speech, the relation of +different tongues to one another, and historical development of +languages; linguistic science. + +Philology comprehends a knowledge of the etymology, or origin and +combination of words; grammar, the construction of sentences, or use of +words in language; criticism, the interpretation of authors, the +affinities of different languages, and whatever relates to the history +or present state of languages. It sometimes includes rhetoric, poetry, +history, and antiquities. + +3. A treatise on the science of language. + +<! p. 1077 !> + +Phil"o*math (?), n. [Gr. &?;; fi`los loving, a friend + ma`qh learning, +fr. &?;, &?;, to learn.] A lover of learning; a scholar. Chesterfield. + +Phil`o*math`e*mat"ic (?), n. A philomath. + +Phil`o*math"ic (?), a. [Cf. F. philomathique.] 1. Of or pertaining to +philomathy. + +2. Having love of learning or letters. + +Phi*lom"a*thy (?), n. [Gr. &?;, &?;.] The love of learning or letters. + +Phil"o*mel (?), n. Same as Philomela, the nightingale. [Poetic] Milton. +Cowper. + +Phil`o*me"la (?), n. [L. philomela, Gr. &?;, according to the legend, +from &?; Philomela (daughter of Pandion, king of Athens), who was +changed into a nightingale.] 1. The nightingale; philomel. Shak. + +2. (Zoˆl.) A genus of birds including the nightingales. + +Phil"o*mene (?), n. The nightingale. [Obs.] + +Phil"o*mot (?), a. [See Filemot.] Of the color of a dead leaf. [Obs.] +Addison. + +Phil`o*mu"sic*al (?), a. [Philo- + musical.] Loving music. [R.]Busby. + +Phil`o*pe"na (?), n. [Probably a corruption fr. G. vielliebchen, LG. +vielliebken, or D. veelliebken, a philopena, literally, much loved; but +influenced by Gr. &?; a friend, and L. poena penalty, from an idea that +the gift was a penalty of friendship or love.] A present or gift which +is made as a forfeit in a social game that is played in various ways; +also, the game itself. [Written also fillipeen and phillippine.] + +One of the ways may be stated as follows: A person finding a nut with +two kernels eats one, and gives the other to a person of the opposite +sex, and then whichever says philopena first at the next meeting wins +the present. The name is also applied to the kernels eaten. + +{ Phil`o*po*lem"ic (?), Phil`o*po*lem"ic*al (?), } a. [Gr. &?; fond of +war, warlike; &?; loving + &?; war.] Fond of polemics or controversy. +[R.] + +Phil`o*pro*gen"i*tive (?), a. Having the love of offspring; fond of +children. + +Phil`o*pro*gen"i*tive*ness, n. [Philo- + L. progenies offspring.] +(Phren.) The love of offspring; fondness for children. + +Phi*los"o*phas`ter (?), n. [L., a bad philosopher, fr. philosophus: cf. +OF. philosophastre.] A pretender to philosophy. [Obs.] Dr. H. More. + +Phi*los"o*phate (?), v. i. [L. philosophatus, p. p. of philosophari to +philosophize.] To play the philosopher; to moralize. [Obs.] Barrow. + +Phi*los`o*pha"tion (?), n. Philosophical speculation and discussion. +[Obs.] Sir W. Petty. + +Phil"o*sophe (?), n. [F., a philosopher.] A philosophaster; a +philosopher. [R.] Carlyle. + +Phi*los"o*pheme (?), n. [Gr. &?;, from &?; to love knowledge.] A +philosophical proposition, doctrine, or principle of reasoning. [R.] + + This, the most venerable, and perhaps the most ancient, of Grecian + myths, is a philosopheme. + + +Coleridge. + +Phi*los"o*pher (?), n. [OE. philosophre, F. philosophe, L. philosophus, +Gr. &?;; &?; loving + &?; wise. Cf. Philosophy.] 1. One who +philosophizes; one versed in, or devoted to, philosophy. + + Then certain philosophers of the Epicureans, and of the Stoics, + encountered him. + + +Acts xvii. 18. + +2. One who reduces the principles of philosophy to practice in the +conduct of life; one who lives according to the rules of practical +wisdom; one who meets or regards all vicissitudes with calmness. + +3. An alchemist. [Obs.] Chaucer. + +Philosopher's stone, an imaginary stone which the alchemists formerly +sought as instrument of converting the baser metals into gold. + +{ Phil`o*soph"ic (?), Phil`o*soph"ic*al (?), } a. [L. philosophicus: +cf. F. philosophique.] Of or pertaining to philosophy; versed in, or +imbued with, the principles of philosophy; hence, characterizing a +philosopher; rational; wise; temperate; calm; cool. -- +Phil`o*soph"ic*al*ly, adv. + +Phi*los"o*phism (?), n. [Cf. F. philosophisme.] Spurious philosophy; +the love or practice of sophistry. Carlyle. + +Phi*los"o*phist (?), n. [Cf. F. philosophiste.] A pretender in +philosophy. + +{ Phi*los`o*phis"tic (?), Phi*los`o*phis"tic*al (?), } a. Of or +pertaining to the love or practice of sophistry. [R.] + +Phi*los"o*phize (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Philosophized (?); p. pr. & +vb. n. Philosophizing (?).] To reason like a philosopher; to search +into the reason and nature of things; to investigate phenomena, and +assign rational causes for their existence. + + Man philosophizes as he lives. He may philosophize well or ill, but + philosophize he must. + + +Sir W. Hamilton. + +Phi*los"o*phi`zer (?), n. One who philosophizes. + +Phi*los"o*phy (?), n.; pl. Philosophies (#). [OE. philosophie, F. +philosophie, L. philosophia, from Gr. &?;. See Philosopher.] 1. +Literally, the love of, including the search after, wisdom; in actual +usage, the knowledge of phenomena as explained by, and resolved into, +causes and reasons, powers and laws. + +When applied to any particular department of knowledge, philosophy +denotes the general laws or principles under which all the subordinate +phenomena or facts relating to that subject are comprehended. Thus +philosophy, when applied to God and the divine government, is called +theology; when applied to material objects, it is called physics; when +it treats of man, it is called anthropology and psychology, with which +are connected logic and ethics; when it treats of the necessary +conceptions and relations by which philosophy is possible, it is called +metaphysics. + +"Philosophy has been defined: tionscience of things divine and human, +and the causes in which they are contained; -- the science of effects +by their causes; -- the science of sufficient reasons; -- the science +of things possible, inasmuch as they are possible; -- the science of +things evidently deduced from first principles; -- the science of +truths sensible and abstract; -- the application of reason to its +legitimate objects; -- the science of the relations of all knowledge to +the necessary ends of human reason; -- the science of the original form +of the ego, or mental self; -- the science of science; -- the science +of the absolute; -- the scienceof the absolute indifference of the +ideal and real." Sir W. Hamilton. + +2. A particular philosophical system or theory; the hypothesis by which +particular phenomena are explained. + + [Books] of Aristotle and his philosophie. + + +Chaucer. + + We shall in vain interpret their words by the notions of our + philosophy and the doctrines in our school. + + +Locke. + +3. Practical wisdom; calmness of temper and judgment; equanimity; +fortitude; stoicism; as, to meet misfortune with philosophy. + + Then had he spent all his philosophy. + + +Chaucer. + +4. Reasoning; argumentation. + + Of good and evil much they argued then, . . . Vain wisdom all, and + false philosophy. + + +Milton. + +5. The course of sciences read in the schools. Johnson. + +6. A treatise on philosophy. + +Philosophy of the Academy, that of Plato, who taught his disciples in a +grove in Athens called the Academy. -- Philosophy of the Garden, that +of Epicurus, who taught in a garden in Athens. -- Philosophy of the +Lyceum, that of Aristotle, the founder of the Peripatetic school, who +delivered his lectures in the Lyceum at Athens. -- Philosophy of the +Porch, that of Zeno and the Stoics; -- so called because Zeno of Citium +and his successors taught in the porch of the Poicile, a great hall in +Athens. + +Phil`o*stor"gy (?), n. [Gr. &?;; &?; loving + &?; affection.] Natural +affection, as of parents for their children. [R.] + +{ Phil`o*tech"nic (?), Phil`o*tech"nic*al (?), } a. [Philo- + Gr. &?; +an art: cf. F. philotechnique.] Fond of the arts. [R.] + +Phil"ter (?), n. [F. philtre, L. philtrum, Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to love, +&?; dear, loving.] A potion or charm intended to excite the passion of +love. [Written also philtre.] Addison. + +Phil"ter, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Philtered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Philtering.] 1. To impregnate or mix with a love potion; as, to philter +a draught. + +2. To charm to love; to excite to love or sexual desire by a potion. +Gov. of Tongue. + +||Phi*mo"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a muzzling, fr. &?; muzzle.] +||(Med.) A condition of the penis in which the prepuce can not be drawn +||back so as to uncover the glans penis. + +Phi"ton*ess (?), n. Pythoness; witch. [Obs.] + +Phiz (?), n.; pl. Phizes (#). [Contr. fr. physiognomy.] The face or +visage. [Colloq.] Cowper. + +||Phle*bi"tis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, &?;, a vein + -itis.] (Med.) +||Inflammation of a vein. + +Phleb"o*gram (?), n. [Gr. &?;, &?; + -gram.] (Physiol.) A tracing (with +the sphygmograph) of the movements of a vein, or of the venous pulse. + +{ Phleb"o*lite (?), Phleb"o*lith (?), } n. [Gr. &?;, &?;, a vein + +-lite, - lith.] (Med.) A small calcareous concretion formed in a vein; +a vein stone. + +Phle*bol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. &?;, &?;, a vein + -logy.] A branch of +anatomy which treats of the veins. + +Phle*bot"o*mist (?), n. [Cf. F. phlÈbotomiste.] (Med.) One who +practiced phlebotomy. + +Phle*bot"o*mize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Phlebotomized (?); p. pr. & +vb. n. Phlebotomizing (?).] [Cf. F. phlÈbotomiser.] To let blood from +by opening a vein; to bleed. [R.] Howell. + +Phle*bot"o*my (?), n. [L. phlebotomia, Gr. &?;; &?;, &?;, a vein + &?; +to cut: cf. F. phlÈbotomie. Cf. Fleam.] (Med.) The act or practice of +opening a vein for letting blood, in the treatment of disease; +venesection; bloodletting. + +Phlegm (?), n. [F. phlegme, flegme, L. phlegma, fr. Gr. &?; a flame, +inflammation, phlegm, a morbid, clammy humor in the body, fr. &?; to +burn. Cf. Phlox, Flagrant, Flame, Bleak, a., and Fluminate.] 1. One of +the four humors of which the ancients supposed the blood to be +composed. See Humor. Arbuthnot. + +2. (Physiol.) Viscid mucus secreted in abnormal quantity in the +respiratory and digestive passages. + +3. (Old Chem.) A watery distilled liquor, in distinction from a +spirituous liquor. Crabb. + +4. Sluggishness of temperament; dullness; want of interest; +indifference; coldness. + + They judge with fury, but they write with phlegm. + + +Pope. + +Phleg"ma*gogue (?), n. [Gr. &?; carrying of phlegm; &?; phlegm + &?; to +lead.] (Old Med.) A medicine supposed to expel phlegm. + +||Phleg*ma"si*a (?), n. [NL., from Gr. &?;. See Phlegm.] (Med.) An +||inflammation; more particularly, an inflammation of the internal +||organs. + +||Phlegmasia dolens (d"lnz) [NL.], milk leg. + +Phleg*mat"ic (?), a. [L. phlegmaticus, Gr. &?;: cf. F. phlegmatique.] +1. Watery. [Obs.] "Aqueous and phlegmatic." Sir I. Newton. + +2. Abounding in phlegm; as, phlegmatic humors; a phlegmatic +constitution. Harvey. + +3. Generating or causing phlegm. "Cold and phlegmatic habitations." Sir +T. Browne. + +4. Not easily excited to action or passion; cold; dull; sluggish; +heavy; as, a phlegmatic person. Addison. + +Phlegmatic temperament (Old Physiol.), lymphatic temperament. See under +Lymphatic. + +Phleg*mat"ic*al (?), a. Phlegmatic. Ash. + +Phleg*mat"ic*al*ly, adv. In a phlegmatic manner. + +Phleg*mat"ic*ly (?), a. Phlegmatically. [Obs.] + +Phleg"mon (?), n. [L. phlegmone, phlegmon, inflammation beneath the +skin, Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to burn: cf. F. phlegmon.] (Med.) Purulent +inflammation of the cellular or areolar tissue. + +Phleg"mon*ous (?), a. [Cf. F. phlegmoneux.] Having the nature or +properties of phlegmon; as, phlegmonous pneumonia. Harvey. + +Phleme (?), n. (Surg. & Far.) See Fleam. + +||Phle"um (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a kind of marsh plant.] (Bot.) A +||genus of grasses, including the timothy (Phleum pratense), which is +||highly valued for hay; cat's-tail grass. Gray. + +Phlo"Îm (?), n. [Gr. &?; bark.] (Bot.) That portion of fibrovascular +bundles which corresponds to the inner bark; the liber tissue; -- +distinguished from xylem. + +Phlo*gis"tian (?), n. A believer in the existence of phlogiston. + +Phlo*gis"tic (?), a. 1. (Old Chem.) Of or pertaining to phlogiston, or +to belief in its existence. + +2. (Med.) Inflammatory; belonging to inflammations and fevers. + +Phlo*gis"tic*al (?), a. (Old Chem.) Phlogistic. + +Phlo*gis"ti*cate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Phlogisticated (?); p. pr. & +vb. n. Phlogisticating.] (Old Chem.) To combine phlogiston with; -- +usually in the form and sense of the p. p. or the adj.; as, highly +phlogisticated substances. + +Phlo*gis`ti*ca"tion (?), n. (Old Chem.) The act or process of combining +with phlogiston. + +Phlo*gis"ton (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; burnt, set on fire, fr. &?; to +set on fire, to burn, fr. &?;, &?;, a flame, blaze. See Phlox.] (Old +Chem.) The hypothetical principle of fire, or inflammability, regarded +by Stahl as a chemical element. + +This was supposed to be united with combustible (phlogisticated) bodies +and to be separated from incombustible (dephlogisticated) bodies, the +phenomena of flame and burning being the escape of phlogiston. Soot and +sulphur were regarded as nearly pure phlogiston. The essential +principle of this theory was, that combustion was a decomposition +rather than the union and combination which it has since been shown to +be. + +Phlo*gog"e*nous (?), a. [Gr. &?;, &?; fire + -genous.] (Med.) Causing +inflammation. + +Phlog"o*pite (?), n. [Gr. &?; firelike.] (Min.) A kind of mica having +generally a peculiar bronze- red or copperlike color and a pearly +luster. It is a silicate of aluminia, with magnesia, potash, and some +fluorine. It is characteristic of crystalline limestone or dolomite and +serpentine. See Mica. + +||Phlo*go"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; burning heat.] (Med.) +||Inflammation of external parts of the body; erysipelatous +||inflammation. + +Phlo*got"ic (?), n. (Med.) Of or pertaining to phlogisis. + +Phlo*ram"ine (?), n. [Phlorlucin + amine.] (Chem.) A basic amido +derivative of phloroglucin, having an astringent taste. + +Phlo*ret"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from, or +designating, an organic acid obtained by the decomposition of +phloretin. + +Phlor"e*tin (?), n. [From Phlorizin.] (Chem.) A bitter white +crystalline substance obtained by the decomposition of phlorizin, and +formerly used to some extent as a substitute for quinine. + +Phlor"i*zin (?), n. [Gr. &?;, &?;, bark + &?; root.] (Chem.) A bitter +white crystalline glucoside extracted from the root bark of the apple, +pear, cherry, plum, etc. [Formerly also written phloridzin.] + +Phlor`o*glu"cin (?), n. [Phloretin + Gr. &?; sweet.] (Chem.) A sweet +white crystalline substance, metameric with pyrogallol, and obtained by +the decomposition of phloretin, and from certain gums, as catechu, +kino, etc. It belongs to the class of phenols. [Called also +phloroglucinol.] + +Phlo"rol (?), n. [Phloretic + -ol.] (Chem.) A liquid metameric with +xylenol, belonging to the class of phenols, and obtained by distilling +certain salts of phloretic acid. + +Phlo"rone (?), n. [Phlorol + quinone.] (Chem.) A yellow crystalline +substance having a peculiar unpleasant odor, resembling the quinones, +and obtained from beechwood tar and coal tar, as also by the oxidation +of xylidine; -- called also xyloquinone. + +Phlox (?), n. [L., a kind of flower, fr. Gr. &?; flame, fr. &?; to +burn.] (Bot.) A genus of American herbs, having showy red, white, or +purple flowers. + +Phlox worm (Zoˆl.), the larva of an American moth (Heliothis +phloxiphaga). It is destructive to phloxes. -- Phlox subulata, the moss +pink. See under Moss. + +Phlyc*ten"u*lar (?), a. [Gr. &?; a blister or pustule.] (Med.) +Characterized by the presence of small pustules, or whitish elevations +resembling pustules; as, phlyctenular ophthalmia. + +||Pho"ca (?), n. [L., a seal, fr. Gr. &?;.] (Zoˆl.) A genus of seals. +||It includes the common harbor seal and allied species. See Seal. + +Pho*ca"cean (?), n. (Zoˆl.) Any species of Phoca; a seal. + +Pho"cal (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Pertaining to seals. + +Pho*cen"ic (?), a. [Gr. &?; a porpoise.] (Chem.) Of or pertaining to +dolphin oil or porpoise oil; - - said of an acid (called also delphinic +acid) subsequently found to be identical with valeric acid. Watts. + +Pho*ce"nin (?), n. [Cf. F. phocÈnine.] (Chem.) See Delphin. + +<! p. 1078 !> + +Pho"cine (?), a. [L. phoca a seal.] (Zoˆl.) Of or pertaining to the +seal tribe; phocal. + +Pho"co*dont (?), n. (Zoˆl.) One of the Phocodontia. + +||Pho`co*don"ti*a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a seal + &?;, &?;, a +||tooth.] (Zoˆl.) A group of extinct carnivorous whales. Their teeth +||had compressed and serrated crowns. It includes Squalodon and allied +||genera. + +Phú"be (?), n. (Zoˆl.) The pewee, or pewit. + +Phú"bus (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?; pure, bright.] 1. (Class. +Myth.) Apollo; the sun god. + +2. The sun. "Phúbus 'gins arise." Shak. + +Phú*ni"cian (?), a. Of or pertaining to Phúnica. -- n. A native or +inhabitant of Phúnica. + +Phú*ni"cious (?), a. See Phenicious. + +||Phú`ni*cop"te*rus (?), n. [NL. See Phenicopter.] (Zoˆl.) A genus of +||birds which includes the flamingoes. + +||Phú"nix (?), n. [L., a fabulous bird. See Phenix.] 1. Same as Phenix. +||Shak. + +2. (Bot.) A genus of palms including the date tree. + +Pho"lad (?), n. (Zoˆl.) Any species of Pholas. + +Pho*la"de*an (?), n. (Zoˆl.) Pholad. + +||Pho"las (?), n.; pl. Pholades (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, &?;, a kind of +||mollusk.] (Zoˆl.) Any one of numerous species of marine bivalve +||mollusks of the genus Pholas, or family PholadidÊ. They bore holes +||for themselves in clay, peat, and soft rocks. + +Pho"nal (?), a.[Gr. &?; the voice.] Of or relating to the voice; as, +phonal structure. Max M¸ller. + +Pho`nas*cet"ics (?), n. [Gr. &?; to practice the voice; &?; voice + &?; +to practice.] Treatment for restoring or improving the voice. + +Pho*na"tion (?), n. [Gr. &?; the voice.] The act or process by which +articulate sounds are uttered; the utterance of articulate sounds; +articulate speech. + +Pho*nau"to*graph (?), n. [Phono- + Gr. &?; self + -graph.] (Physics) An +instrument by means of which a sound can be made to produce a visible +trace or record of itself. It consists essentially of a resonant +vessel, usually of paraboloidal form, closed at one end by a flexible +membrane. A stylus attached to some point of the membrane records the +movements of the latter, as it vibrates, upon a moving cylinder or +plate. + +Pho*nei"do*scope (?), n. [Phono- + Gr. &?; form + -scope.] (Physics) An +instrument for studying the motions of sounding bodies by optical +means. It consists of a tube across the end of which is stretched a +film of soap solution thin enough to give colored bands, the form and +position of which are affected by sonorous vibrations. + +Pho*net"ic (?), a. [Gr. &?;, fr. &?; a sound, tone; akin to Gr. &?; to +speak: cf. F. phonÈtique. See Ban a proclamation.] 1. Of or pertaining +to the voice, or its use. + +2. Representing sounds; as, phonetic characters; -- opposed to +ideographic; as, a phonetic notation. + +Phonetic spelling, spelling in phonetic characters, each representing +one sound only; -- contrasted with Romanic spelling, or that by the use +of the Roman alphabet. + +Pho*net"ic*al*ly, adv. In a phonetic manner. + +Pho`ne*ti"cian (?), n. One versed in phonetics; a phonetist. + +Pho*net"ics (?), n. 1. The doctrine or science of sounds; especially +those of the human voice; phonology. + +2. The art of representing vocal sounds by signs and written +characters. + +Pho"ne*tism (?), n. The science which treats of vocal sounds. J. Peile. + +Pho"ne*tist (?), n. 1. One versed in phonetics; a phonologist. + +2. One who advocates a phonetic spelling. + +Pho`ne*ti*za"tion (?), n. The act, art, or process of representing +sounds by phonetic signs. + +Pho"ne*tize (?), v. t. To represent by phonetic signs. Lowell. + +Phon"ic (?), a. [Gr. &?; sound: cf. F. phonique.] Of or pertaining to +sound; of the nature of sound; acoustic. Tyndall. + +Phon"ics (?), n. See Phonetics. + +Pho"no- (?). A combining form from Gr. &?; sound, tone; as, phonograph, +phonology. + +Phono (?), n. (Zoˆl.) A South American butterfly (Ithonia phono) having +nearly transparent wings. + +Pho`no*camp"tic (?), a. [Phono- + Gr. &?; to bend: cf. F. +phonocamptique.] Reflecting sound. [R.] "Phonocamptic objects." Derham. + +Pho"no*gram (?), n. [Phono- + -gram.] 1. A letter, character, or mark +used to represent a particular sound. + + Phonograms are of three kinds: (1) Verbal signs, which stand for + entire words; (2) Syllabic signs, which stand for the articulations + of which words are composed; (3) Alphabetic signs, or letters, + which represent the elementary sounds into which the syllable can + be resolved. + + +I. Taylor (The Alphabet). + +2. A record of sounds made by a phonograph. + +Pho"no*graph (?), n. [Phono- + -graph.] 1. A character or symbol used +to represent a sound, esp. one used in phonography. + +2. (Physics) An instrument for the mechanical registration and +reproduction of audible sounds, as articulate speech, etc. It consists +of a rotating cylinder or disk covered with some material easily +indented, as tinfoil, wax, paraffin, etc., above which is a thin plate +carrying a stylus. As the plate vibrates under the influence of a +sound, the stylus makes minute indentations or undulations in the soft +material, and these, when the cylinder or disk is again turned, set the +plate in vibration, and reproduce the sound. + +Pho*nog"ra*pher (?), n. 1. One versed or skilled in phonography. + +2. One who uses, or is skilled in the use of, the phonograph. See +Phonograph, 2. + +{ Pho`no*graph"ic (?), Pho`no*graph"ic*al (?), } a. [Cf. F. +phonographique.] 1. Of or pertaining to phonography; based upon +phonography. + +2. Of or pertaining to phonograph; done by the phonograph. + +Pho`no*graph"ic*al*ly, adv. In a phonographic manner; by means of +phonograph. + +Pho*nog"ra*phist (?), n. Phonographer. + +Pho*nog"ra*phy (?), n. [Phono- + -graphy.] 1. A description of the laws +of the human voice, or sounds uttered by the organs of speech. + +2. A representation of sounds by distinctive characters; commonly, a +system of shorthand writing invented by Isaac Pitman, or a modification +of his system, much used by reporters. + +The consonants are represented by straight lines and curves; the vowels +by dots and short dashes; but by skilled phonographers, in rapid work, +most vowel marks are omitted, and brief symbols for common words and +combinations of words are extensively employed. The following line is +an example of phonography, in which all the sounds are indicated: -- + + They also serve who only stand and wait. + + +Milton. 3. The art of constructing, or using, the phonograph. + +Pho"no*lite (?), n. [Phono- + -lite: cf. F. phonolithe.] (Min.) A +compact, feldspathic, igneous rock containing nephelite, ha¸ynite, etc. +Thin slabs give a ringing sound when struck; -- called also clinkstone. + +Pho*nol"o*ger (?), n. A phonologist. + +{ Pho`no*log"ic (?), Pho`no*log"ic*al (?), } a. Of or pertaining to +phonology. + +Pho*nol"o*gist (?), n. One versed in phonology. + +Pho*nol"o*gy (?), n. [Phono- + -logy.] The science or doctrine of the +elementary sounds uttered by the human voice in speech, including the +various distinctions, modifications, and combinations of tones; +phonetics. Also, a treatise on sounds. + +Pho*nom"e*ter (?), n. [Phono- + -meter.] (Physics) An instrument for +measuring sounds, as to their intensity, or the frequency of the +vibrations. + +Pho`no*mo"tor (?), n. [Phono- + -motor.] (Physics) An instrument in +which motion is produced by the vibrations of a sounding body. + +Pho*nor"ga*non (?), n. [NL. See Phono-, and Organon.] A speaking +machine. + +Pho"no*scope (?), n. [Phono- + -scope.] (Physics) (a) An instrument for +observing or exhibiting the motions or properties of sounding bodies; +especially, an apparatus invented by Kˆnig for testing the quality of +musical strings. (b) An instrument for producing luminous figures by +the vibrations of sounding bodies. + +Pho"no*type (-tp), n. [Phono- + -type.] A type or character used in +phonotypy. + +{ Pho`no*typ"ic (?), Pho`no*typ"ic*al (?), } a. Of or pertaining to +phonotypy; as, a phonotypic alphabet. + +Pho*not"y*pist (?), n. One versed in phonotypy. + +Pho*not"y*py (?), n. A method of phonetic printing of the English +language, as devised by Mr. Pitman, in which nearly all the ordinary +letters and many new forms are employed in order to indicate each +elementary sound by a separate character. + +||Phor"minx (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;.] A kind of lyre used by the +||Greeks. Mrs. Browning. + +||Phor"mi*um (?), n. [NL. fr. Gr. &?; a plaited mat, a kind of plant.] +||(Bot.) A genus of liliaceous plants, consisting of one species +||(Phormium tenax). See Flax-plant. + +Phor"one (?), n. [Camphor + acetone.] (Chem.) A yellow crystalline +substance, having a geraniumlike odor, regarded as a complex derivative +of acetone, and obtained from certain camphor compounds. + +||Pho*ro"nis (?), n. [NL., fr. L. Phoronis, a surname of Io, Gr. &?;.] +||(Zoˆl.) A remarkable genus of marine worms having tentacles around +||the mouth. It is usually classed with the gephyreans. Its larva +||(Actinotrocha) undergoes a peculiar metamorphosis. + +||Phor`o*no"mi*a (?), n. [NL.] See Phoronomics. + +Phor`o*nom"ics (?), n. [Gr. &?; a carrying, motion + &?; a law.] The +science of motion; kinematics. [R.] Weisbach. + +Phos"gene (?), a. [Gr. &?; light + the root of &?; to be born: cf. F. +phosgËne.] (Old Chem.) Producing, or produced by, the action of light; +-- formerly used specifically to designate a gas now called carbonyl +chloride. See Carbonyl. + +Phos"gen*ite (?), n. (Min.) A rare mineral occurring in tetragonal +crystals of a white, yellow, or grayish color and adamantine luster. It +is a chlorocarbonate of lead. + +Phos"pham (?), n. [Phosphorus + ammonia.] (Chem.) An inert amorphous +white powder, PN2H, obtained by passing ammonia over heated phosphorus. +[Spelt also phosphame.] -- Phos"pham"ic (#), a. + +Phos"phate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of phosphoric acid. + +Phos*phat"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or containing, phosphorus, +phosphoric acid, or phosphates; as, phosphatic nodules. + +Phosphatic diathesis (Med.), a habit of body which leads to the undue +excretion of phosphates with the urine. + +||Phos`pha*tu"ri*a (?), n. [NL. See Phosphate, and Urine.] (Med.) The +||excessive discharge of phosphates in the urine. + +Phos"phene (?), n. [Gr. &?; light + &?; to show.] (Physiol.) A luminous +impression produced through excitation of the retina by some cause +other than the impingement upon it of rays of light, as by pressure +upon the eyeball when the lids are closed. Cf. After-image. + +Phos"phide (?), n. (Chem.) A binary compound of phosphorus. + +Phos"phine (?), n. (Chem.) A colorless gas, PH3, analogous to ammonia, +and having a disagreeable odor resembling that of garlic. Called also +hydrogen phosphide, and formerly, phosphureted hydrogen. + +It is the most important compound of phosphorus and hydrogen, and is +produced by the action of caustic potash on phosphorus. It is +spontaneously inflammable, owing to impurities, and in burning produces +peculiar vortical rings of smoke. + +Phos*phin"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, certain +acids analogous to the phosphonic acids, but containing two hydrocarbon +radicals, and derived from the secondary phosphines by oxidation. + +Phos"phite (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of phosphorous acid. + +Phos*phon"ic (?), a. [Phosphoric + sulphonic.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, +or designating, certain derivatives of phosphorous acid containing a +hydrocarbon radical, and analogous to the sulphonic acid. + +Phos*pho"ni*um (?), n. [Phosphorus + ammonium.] (Chem.) The +hypothetical radical PH4, analogous to ammonium, and regarded as the +nucleus of certain derivatives of phosphine. + +Phos"phor (?), n. [Cf. G. phosphor. See Phosphorus.] 1. Phosphorus. +[Obs.] Addison. + +2. The planet Venus, when appearing as the morning star; Lucifer. +[Poetic] Pope. Tennyson. + +Phos"phor*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Phosphorated (?); p. pr. & vb. +n. Phosphorating.] (Chem.) To impregnate, or combine, with phosphorus +or its compounds; as, phosphorated oil. + +Phos"phor-bronze` (?), n. [Phosphor + bronze.] (Metal.) A variety of +bronze possessing great hardness, elasticity, and toughness, obtained +by melting copper with tin phosphide. It contains one or two per cent +of phosphorus and from five to fifteen per cent of tin. + +Phos*pho"re*ous (?), a. Phosphorescent. [Obs.] + +Phos`phor*esce" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Phosphoresced (?); p. pr. & +vb. n. Phosphorescing (?).] To shine as phosphorus; to be +phosphorescent; to emit a phosphoric light. + +Phos`phor*es"cence (?), n. [Cf. F. phosphorescence.] 1. The quality or +state of being phosphorescent; or the act of phosphorescing. + +2. A phosphoric light. + +Phos`phor*es"cent (?), a. [Cf. F. phosphorescent.] Shining with a +phosphoric light; luminous without sensible heat. -- n. A +phosphorescent substance. + +Phos*phor"ic (?), a. [Cf. F. phosphorique.] 1. (Chem.) Of or pertaining +to phosphorus; resembling, or containing, from us; specifically, +designating those compounds in which phosphorus has a higher valence as +contrasted with the phosphorous compounds. + +2. Phosphorescent. "A phosphoric sea." Byron. + +Glacial phosphoric acid. (Chem.) (a) Metaphosphoric acid in the form of +glassy semitransparent masses or sticks. (b) Pure normal phosphoric +acid. -- Phosphoric acid (Chem.), a white crystalline substance, H3PO4, +which is the most highly oxidized acid of phosphorus, and forms an +important and extensive series of compounds, viz., the phosphates. -- +Soluble phosphoric acid, Insoluble phosphoric acid (Agric. Chem.), +phosphoric acid combined in acid salts, or in neutral or basic salts, +which are respectively soluble and insoluble in water or in plant +juices. -- Reverted phosphoric acid (Agric. Chem.), phosphoric acid +changed from acid (soluble) salts back to neutral or basic (insoluble) +salts. + +Phos*phor"ic*al (?), a. (Old Chem.) Phosphoric. + +Phos"phor*ite (?), n. (Min.) A massive variety of apatite. + +Phos`phor*it"ic (?), a. (Min.) Pertaining to phosphorite; resembling, +or of the nature of, phosphorite. + +Phos"phor*ize (?), v. t. To phosphorate. + +Phos"phor*ized (?), a. Containing, or impregnated with, phosphorus. + +Phos`phor*o*gen"ic (?), a. [Phosphorus + -gen + -ic.] Generating +phosphorescence; as, phosphorogenic rays. + +Phos*phor"o*scope (?), n. [Phosphorus + -scope.] (Physics) An apparatus +for observing the phosphorescence produced in different bodies by the +action of light, and for measuring its duration. + +Phos"phor*ous (?), a. [Cf. F. phosphoreux.] (Chem.) Of or pertaining to +phosphorus; resembling or containing phosphorus; specifically, +designating those compounds in which phosphorus has a lower valence as +contrasted with phosphoric compounds; as, phosphorous acid, H3PO3. + +Phos"phor*us (?), n.; pl. Phosphori (#). [L., the morning star, Gr. +&?;, lit., light bringer; &?; light + &?; to bring.] 1. The morning +star; Phosphor. + +2. (Chem.) A poisonous nonmetallic element of the nitrogen group, +obtained as a white, or yellowish, translucent waxy substance, having a +characteristic disagreeable smell. It is very active chemically, must +be preserved under water, and unites with oxygen even at ordinary +temperatures, giving a faint glow, -- whence its name. It always occurs +compined, usually in phosphates, as in the mineral apatite, in bones, +etc. It is used in the composition on the tips of friction matches, and +for many other purposes. The molecule contains four atoms. Symbol P. +Atomic weight 31.0. + +3. (Chem.) Hence, any substance which shines in the dark like +phosphorus, as certain phosphorescent bodies. + +Bologna phosphorus (Chem.), sulphide of barium, which shines in the +dark after exposure to light; -- so called because this property was +discovered by a resident of Bologna. The term is sometimes applied to +other compounds having similar properties. -- Metallic phosphorus +(Chem.), an allotropic modification of phosphorus, obtained as a gray +metallic crystalline substance, having very inert chemical properties. +It is obtained by heating ordinary phosphorus in a closed vessel at a +high temperature. -- Phosphorus disease (Med.), a disease common among +workers in phosphorus, giving rise to necrosis of the jawbone, and +other symptoms. -- Red, or Amorphous, phosphorus (Chem.), an allotropic +modification of phosphorus, obtained as a dark red powder by heating +ordinary phosphorus in closed vessels. It is not poisonous, is not +phosphorescent, and is only moderately active chemically. It is +valuable as a chemical reagent, and is used in the composition of the +friction surface on which safety matches are ignited. -- Solar +phosphori (Chem.), phosphorescent substances which shine in the dark +after exposure to the sunlight or other intense light. + +<! p. 1079 !> + +Phos"phor*yl (?), n. [Phosphorus + -yl.] (Chem.) The radical PO, +regarded as the typical nucleus of certain compounds. + +Phos"phu*ret (?), n. (Chem.) A phosphide. [Obsoles.] + +Phos"phu*ret`ed (?), a. (Chem.) Impregnated, or combined, with +phosphorus. [Obsoles.] [Written also phosphuretted.] + +Phosphureted hydrogen. (Chem.) See Phosphine. + +Pho"tic (?), a. [Gr. fw^s, fwto`s, light.] (Physiol.) Relating to the +production of light by the lower animals. + +Pho"tics (?), n. (Physics) The science of light; -- a general term +sometimes employed when optics is restricted to light as a producing +vision. Knight. + +Pho"to (?), n.; pl. Photos (&?;). A contraction of Photograph. +[Colloq.] + +Pho"to- (?). A combining form from Gr. fw^s, fwto`s, light; as, +photography, phototype, photometer. + +Pho`to*bi*ot"ic (?), a. [Photo- + biotic.] (Biol.) Requiring light to +live; incapable of living without light; as, photobiotic plant cells. + +Pho`to*chem"ic*al (?), a. [Photo- + chemical.] (Chem.) Of or pertaining +to chemical action of light, or produced by it; as, the photochemical +changes of the visual purple of the retina. + +Pho`to*chem"is*try (?), n. [Photo- + chemistry.] (Chem.) The branch of +chemistry which relates to the effect of light in producing chemical +changes, as in photography. + +{ Pho`to*chro"mic (?), Pho`to*chro*mat"ic (?), } a. Of or pertaining to +photochromy; produced by photochromy. + +Pho*toch"ro*my (?), n. [Photo- + Gr. &?; color.] The art or process of +reproducing colors by photography. + +Pho"to*drome (?), n. [Photo- + Gr. &?; to run.] (Physics) An apparatus +consisting of a large wheel with spokes, which when turning very +rapidly is illuminated by momentary flashes of light passing through +slits in a rotating disk. By properly timing the succession of flashes +the wheel is made to appear to be motionless, or to rotate more or less +slowly in either direction. + +Pho`to-e*lec"tric (?), a. [Photo- + electric.] Acting by the operation +of both light and electricity; -- said of apparatus for producing +pictures by electric light. + +Pho`to-e*lec"tro*type (?), n. (Print.) An electrotype plate formed in a +mold made by photographing on prepared gelatine, etc. + +Pho`to-en*grav"ing (?), n. [Photo- + engraving.] The process of +obtaining an etched or engraved plate from the photographic image, to +be used in printing; also, a picture produced by such a process. + +Pho`to-ep"i*nas`ty (?), n. [See Photo-, and Epinastic.] (Bot.) A +disproportionately rapid growth of the upper surface of dorsiventral +organs, such as leaves, through the stimulus of exposure to light. +Encyc. Brit. + +Pho`to*gal`va*nog"ra*phy (?), n. [Photo- + galvanography.] The art or +process of making photo-electrotypes. Sir D. Brewster. + +Pho"to*gen (?), n. [Photo- + - gen.] (Chem.) A light hydrocarbon oil +resembling kerosene. It is obtained by distilling coal, paraffin, etc., +and is used as a lubricant, illuminant, etc. [Written also photogene.] + +Pho"to*gene (?), n. [See Photogen.] 1. A photograph. [Obsoles.] + +2. A more or less continued impression or image on the retina. H. +Spencer. + +Pho`to*gen"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to photogeny; producing or +generating light. + +Pho*tog"e*ny (?), n. [See Photogen.] See Photography. [Obsoles.] + +Pho`to*glyph"ic (?), a. [Photo- + Gr. &?; to engrave.] Pertaining to +the art of engraving by the action of light. [Written also +photoglyptic.] + +Photoglyphic engraving, a process of etching on copper, steel, or zinc, +by means of the action of light and certain chemicals, so that from the +plate impressions may be taken. Sir D. Brewster. + +Pho*tog"ly*phy (?), n. Photoglyphic engraving. See under Photoglyphic. + +Pho`to*glyp"tic (?), a. Same as Photoglyphic. + +Pho"to*gram (?), n. [Photo- + -gram.] A photograph. [R.] + +Pho"to*graph (?), n. [Photo- + -graph.] A picture or likeness obtained +by photography. + +Pho"to*graph, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Photographed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Photographing (?).] To take a picture or likeness of by means of +photography; as, to photograph a view; to photograph a group. + + He makes his pen drawing on white paper, and they are afterwards + photographed on wood. + + +Hamerton. + +Also used figuratively. + + He is photographed on my mind. + + +Lady D. Hardy. + +Pho"to*graph, v. i. To practice photography; to take photographs. + +Pho*tog"ra*pher (?), n. One who practices, or is skilled in, +photography. + +{ Pho`to*graph"ic (?), Pho`to*graph"ic*al (?), } a. [Cf. F. +photographique.] Of or pertaining to photography; obtained by +photography; used ib photography; as a photographic picture; a +photographic camera. -- Pho`to*graph"ic*al*ly, adv. + +Photographic printing, the process of obtaining pictures, as on +chemically prepared paper, from photographic negatives, by exposure to +light. + +Pho*tog"ra*phist (?), n. A photographer. + +Pho*tog"ra*phom"e*ter (?), n. [Photograph + -meter.] (Photog.) An +instrument for determining the sensibility of the plates employed in +photographic processes to luminous rays. + +Pho*tog"ra*phy (?), n. [Photo- + -graphy: cf. F. photographie.] 1. The +science which relates to the action of light on sensitive bodies in the +production of pictures, the fixation of images, and the like. + +2. The art or process of producing pictures by this action of light. + +The well-focused optical image is thrown on a surface of metal, glass, +paper, or other suitable substance, coated with collodion or gelatin, +and sensitized with the chlorides, bromides, or iodides of silver, or +other salts sensitive to light. The exposed plate is then treated with +reducing agents, as pyrogallic acid, ferrous sulphate, etc., to develop +the latent image. The image is then fixed by washing off the excess of +unchanged sensitive salt with sodium hyposulphite (thiosulphate) or +other suitable reagents. + +Pho`to*grav"ure (?), n. [F.] A photoengraving; also, the process by +which such a picture is produced. + +Pho`to*he"li*o*graph (?), n. [Photo- + heliograph.] (Physics) A +modified kind of telescope adapted to taking photographs of the sun. + +Pho`to*lith"o*graph (?), n. [Photo- + lithograph.] A lithographic +picture or copy from a stone prepared by the aid of photography. + +Pho`to*lith"o*graph, v. t. To produce (a picture, a copy) by the +process of photolithography. + +Pho`to*li*thog"ra*pher (?), n. One who practices, or one who employs, +photolithography. + +Pho`to*lith`o*graph"ic (?), n. Of or pertaining to photolithography; +produced by photolithography. + +Pho`to*li*thog"ra*phy (?), n. The art or process of producing +photolithographs. + +{ Pho`to*log"ic (?), Pho`to*log"ic*al (?), } a. Pertaining to +photology, or the doctrine of light. + +Pho*tol"o*gist (?), n. One who studies or expounds the laws of light. + +Pho*tol"o*gy (?), n. [Photo- + -logy: cf. F. photologie.] The doctrine +or science of light, explaining its nature and phenomena; optics. + +Pho`to*mag*net"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to photomagnetism. + +Pho`to*mag"net*ism (?), n. The branch of science which treats of the +relation of magnetism to light. + +Pho`to*me*chan"ic*al (?), a. Pertaining to, or designating, any +photographic process in which a printing surface is obtained without +the intervention of hand engraving. + +Pho*tom"e*ter (?), n. [Photo- + -meter: cf. F. photomËtre.] (Physics) +An instrument for measuring the intensity of light, or, more +especially, for comparing the relative intensities of different lights, +or their relative illuminating power. + +{ Pho`to*met"ric (?), Pho`to*met"ric*al (?), } a. [Cf. F. +photomÈtrique.] Of or pertaining to photometry, or to a photometer. + +Pho*tom`e*tri"cian (?), n. One engaged in the scientific measurement of +light. + +Pho*tom"e*try (?), n. [Cf. F. photomÈtrie.] That branch of science +which treats of the measurement of the intensity of light. + +Pho`to*mi"cro*graph (f`t*m"kr*grf), n. [Photo- + micro + -graph.] 1. An +enlarged or macroscopic photograph of a microscopic object. See +Microphotograph. + +2. A microscopically small photograph of an object. + +Pho`to*mi*crog"ra*phy (?), n. The art of producing photomicrographs. + +Pho`to*pho"bi*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. fw^s, fwto`s, light + &?; fear.] +(Med.) A dread or intolerance of light. Sir T. Watson. + +Pho"to*phone (?), n. [Photo- + Gr. &?; sound.] (Physics) An apparatus +for the production of sound by the action of rays of light. A. G. Bell. + +Pho`to*phon"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to photophone. + +Pho*toph"o*ny (?), n. The art or practice of using the photophone. + +Pho*top"si*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. fw^s, fwto`s, light + &?; sight.] +(Med.) An affection of the eye, in which the patient perceives luminous +rays, flashes, coruscations, etc. See phosphene. + +Pho*top"sy (?), n. Same as Photopsia. + +Pho`to*re*lief" (?), n. A printing surface in relief, obtained by +photographic means and subsequent manipulations. Knight. + +Pho"to*scope (?), n. [Photo- + -scope.] (Physics) Anything employed for +the observation of light or luminous effects. + +Pho`to*scop"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to the photoscope or its uses. + +Pho`to*sculp"ture (?), n. [Photo- + sculpture.] A process in which, by +means of a number of photographs simultaneously taken from different +points of view on the same level, rough models of the figure or bust of +a person or animal may be made with great expedition. + +Pho"to*sphere (?), n. [Photo- + sphere.] A sphere of light; esp., the +luminous envelope of the sun. + +Pho`to*spher"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to the photosphere. + +Pho*tot"o*nus (?), n. [NL. See Photo- , and Tone.] (Bot.) A motile +condition in plants resulting from exposure to light. -- Pho`to*ton"ic +(#), a. + +Pho`to*trop"ic (?), a. [Photo- + Gr. &?; to turn.] (Bot.) Same as +Heliotropic. + +Pho"to*type (?), n. [Photo- + -type.] A plate or block with a printing +surface (usually in relief) obtained from a photograph; also, any one +of the many methods of processes by which such a printing surface is +obtained. + +Pho`to*typ"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to a phototype or phototypy. + +Pho`to*ty*pog"ra*phy (?), n. [Photo- + typography.] Same as Phototypy. + +Pho*tot"y*py (?), n. The art or process of producing phototypes. + +Pho`to*xy*log"ra*phy (?), n. [Photo- + xylography.] The process of +producing a representation of an object on wood, by photography, for +the use of the wood engraver. + +Pho`to*zin"co*graph (?), n. A print made by photozincography. -- +Pho`to*zin`co*graph"ic, a. + +Pho`to*zin*cog"ra*phy (?), n. [Photo- + zincography.] A process, +analogous to photolithography, for reproducing photographed impressions +transferred to zinc plate. + +Phrag"mo*cone (?), n. [Gr. &?;, &?;, a fence, an inclosure + &?; a +cone.] (Zoˆl.) The thin chambered shell attached to the anterior end of +a belemnite. [Written also phragmacone.] + +Phrag`mo*si"phon (?), n. (Zoˆl.) The siphon of a phragmocone. + +Phras"al (?), a. Of the nature of a phrase; consisting of a phrase; as, +a phrasal adverb. Earlc. + +Phrase (?), n. [F., fr. L. phrasis diction, phraseology, Gr. &?;, fr. +&?; to speak.] 1. A brief expression, sometimes a single word, but +usually two or more words forming an expression by themselves, or being +a portion of a sentence; as, an adverbial phrase. + + "Convey" the wise it call. "Steal!" foh! a fico for the phrase. + + +Shak. + +2. A short, pithy expression; especially, one which is often employed; +a peculiar or idiomatic turn of speech; as, to err is human. + +3. A mode or form of speech; the manner or style in which any one +expreses himself; diction; expression. "Phrases of the hearth." +Tennyson. + + Thou speak'st In better phrase and matter than thou didst. + + +Shak. + +4. (Mus.) A short clause or portion of a period. + +A composition consists first of sentences, or periods; these are +subdivided into sections, and these into phrases. + +Phrase book, a book of idiomatic phrases. J. S. Blackie. + +Phrase, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Phrased (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Phrasing.] +[Cf. F. phraser.] To express in words, or in peculiar words; to call; +to style. "These suns -- for so they phrase 'em." Shak. + +Phrase, v. i. 1. To use proper or fine phrases. [R.] + +2. (Mus.) To group notes into phrases; as, he phrases well. See Phrase, +n., 4. + +Phrase"less, a. Indescribable. Shak. + +Phra"se*o*gram (?), n. [Gr. &?; a phrase + -gram.] (Phonography) A +symbol for a phrase. + +{ Phra`se*o*log"ic (?), Phra`se*o*log"ic*al (?), } a. Of or pertaining +to phraseology; consisting of a peculiar form of words. "This verbal or +phraseological answer." Bp. Pearson. + +Phra`se*ol"o*gist (?), n. A collector or coiner of phrases. + +Phra`se*ol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. &?;, &?;, phrase + -logy: cf. F. +phrasÈologie.] 1. Manner of expression; peculiarity of diction; style. + + Most completely national in his . . . phraseology. + + +I. Taylor. + +2. A collection of phrases; a phrase book. [R.] + +Syn. -- Diction; style. See Diction. + +Phras"ing (?), n. 1. Method of expression; association of words. + +2. (Mus.) The act or method of grouping the notes so as to form +distinct musical phrases. + +Phra"try (?), n.; pl. Phratries (#). [Gr. &?;, &?;.] (Gr. Antiq.) A +subdivision of a phyle, or tribe, in Athens. + +Phre*at"ic (?), a. [F. phrÈatique, from Gr. &?;, &?;, a well.] (Geol.) +Subterranean; -- applied to sources supplying wells. + +{ Phre*net"ic (?), Phre*net"ic*al (?), } a. [L. phreneticus, Gr. &?;, +&?;: cf. F. phrÈnÈtique. See Frantic, and cf. Frenetic.] Relating to +phrenitis; suffering from frenzy; delirious; mad; frantic; frenetic. -- +Phre*net"ic*al*ly, adv. + +Phre*net"ic, n. One who is phrenetic. Harvey. + +<! p. 1080 !> + +Phren"ic (?), a.[Gr. &?;, &?;, the midriff, or diaphragm, the heart, +the mind: cf. F. phrÈnique.] (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the diaphragm; +diaphragmatic; as, the phrenic nerve. + +Phren"ics (?), n. That branch of science which relates to the mind; +mental philosophy. [R.] + +Phre"nism (?), n. [See Phrenic.] (Biol.) See Vital force, under Vital. + +||Phre*ni"tis (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?;, &?;.] 1. (Med.) +||Inflammation of the brain, or of the meninges of the brain, attended +||with acute fever and delirium; -- called also cephalitis. + +2. See Frenzy. + +Phre"no*graph (?), n. [Gr. &?;, &?;, the migriff + -graph.] (Physiol.) +An instrument for registering the movements of the diaphragm, or +midriff, in respiration. + +Phre*nol"o*ger (?), n. A phrenologist. + +Phren`o*log"ic (?), a. [Cf. F. phrÈnologique.] Phrenological. + +Phren`o*log"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to phrenology. -- +Phren`o*log"ic*al*ly, adv. + +Phre*nol"o*gist (?), n. [Cf. F. phrÈnologiste.] One versed in +phrenology; a craniologist. + +Phre*nol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. &?;, &?;, the mind + -logy: cf. F. +phrÈnologie.] 1. The science of the special functions of the several +parts of the brain, or of the supposed connection between the various +faculties of the mind and particular organs in the brain. + +2. In popular usage, the physiological hypothesis of Gall, that the +mental faculties, and traits of character, are shown on the surface of +the head or skull; craniology. + +Gall marked out on his model of the head the places of twenty-six +organs, as round inclosures with vacant interspaces. Spurzheim and +Combe divided the whole scalp into oblong and conterminous patches. +Encyc. Brit. + +Phre`no*mag"net*ism (?), n. [Gr. &?;, &?;, the mind + E. magnetism.] +The power of exciting the organs of the brain by magnetic or mesmeric +influence. + +Phre"no*sin (?), n. [See Phrenic.] (Physiol. Chem.) A nitrogenous body, +related to cerebrin, supposed to exist in the brain. + +Phren"sied (?), p. p. & a. See Frenzied. + +Phren"sy (?), n. Violent and irrational excitement; delirium. See +Frenzy. + +Phren"sy, v. t. To render frantic. + +Phren"tic (?), n. & a. See Phrenetic. [Obs.] + +Phry*ga"ne*id (?), n. (Zoˆl.) Any insect belonging to the Phryganeides. + +||Phryg`a*ne"i*des (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Phryganea, the typical genus, +||fr. Gr. &?; a dry stick.] (Zoˆl.) A tribe of neuropterous insects +||which includes the caddice flies; -- called also Trichoptera. See +||Trichoptera. [Written also Phryganides.] + +Phryg"i*an (?), a. [L. Phrygius, Gr. &?;, fr. &?; Phrygia, a country of +Asia Minor.] Of or pertaining to Phrygia, or to its inhabitants. + +Phrygian mode (Mus.), one of the ancient Greek modes, very bold and +vehement in style; -- so called because fabled to have been invented by +the Phrygian Marsyas. Moore (Encyc. of Music). -- Phrygian stone, a +light, spongy stone, resembling a pumice, -- used by the ancients in +dyeing, and said to be drying and astringent. + +Phryg"i*an, n. 1. A native or inhabitant of Phrygia. + +2. (Eccl. Hist.) A Montanist. + +Phthal"ate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of phthalic acid. + +Phthal"e*in (?), n. [See Phthalic.] (Chem.) One of a series of +artificial organic dyes made as condensation products of the phenols +with phthalic acid, and well represented by phenol phthaleÔn. Their +alkaline solutions are fluorescent. + +Phenol phthalein, a white or yellowish white crystalline substance made +from phthalic acid and phenol. Its solution in alkalies is brilliant +red, but is decolorized by acids, and as this reaction is exceedingly +delicate it is used as an indicator. + +Phthal"ic (?), a. [Naphthalene + -ic.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or +designating, a dibasic acid obtained by the oxidation of naphthalene +and allied substances. + +Phthalic acid (Chem.), a white crystalline substance, C6H4.(CO2H)2, +analogous to benzoic acid, and employed in the brilliant dyestuffs +called the phthaleins. + +Phthal"ide (?), n. [Phthalyl + anhydride.] (Chem.) A lactone obtained +by reduction of phthalyl chloride, as a white crystalline substance; +hence, by extension, any one of the series of which phthalide proper is +the type. [Written also phthalid.] + +Phthal"i*mide (?), n. [Phthalic + imide.] (Chem.) An imido derivative +of phthalic acid, obtained as a white crystalline substance, +C6H4.(CO)2NH, which has itself (like succinimide) acid properties, and +forms a series of salts. Cf. Imido acid, under Imido. + +Phthal"in (?), n. (Chem.) A colorless crystalline substance obtained by +reduction from phthaleÔn, into which it is easily converted by +oxidation; hence, any one of the series of which phthalin proper is the +type. + +Phthal"yl (?), n. [Phthalic + -yl.] (Chem.) The hypothetical radical of +phthalic acid. + +||Phthi*ri"a*sis (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?; louse.] (Med.) A +||disease (morbus pediculous) consisting in the excessive +||multiplication of lice on the human body. + +Phthis"ic (?), n. Same as Phthisis. + +Phthis"ic*al (?), a. [L. phthisicus, Gr. &?;: cf. F. phthisique. See +Phthisis.] Of or pertaining to phthisis; affected with phthisis; +wasting; consumptive. + +Phthis"ick*y (?), a. Having phthisis, or some symptom of it, as +difficulty in breathing. + +Phthis`i*ol"o*gy (?), n. [Phthisis + -logy.] (Med.) A treatise on +phthisis. Dunglison. + +{ ||Phthis`ip*neu*mo"ni*a (?), Phthis`ip*neu"mo*ny (?), } n. [NL. See +Phthisis, Pneumonia.] (Med.) Pulmonary consumption. + +Phthi"sis (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to pass or waste away: cf. +F. phthisie.] (Med.) A wasting or consumption of the tissues. The term +was formerly applied to many wasting diseases, but is now usually +restricted to pulmonary phthisis, or consumption. See Consumption. + +Fibroid phthisis. See under Fibroid. + +Phthon"gal (?), a. [Gr. &?; voice.] Formed into, or characterized by, +voice; vocalized; -- said of all the vowels and the semivowels, also of +the vocal or sonant consonants g, d, b, l, r, v, z, etc. + +Phthon"gal, n. A vocalized element or letter. + +Phthon*gom"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. &?; voice + -meter.] An instrument for +measuring vocal sounds. Whewell. + +Phthor (?), n. [F. phthore, Gr. &?; to destroy.] (Old Chem.) Fluorine. +[Written also phthor.] + +Phy"cite (?), n. [Gr. &?; seaweed.] (Chem.) See Erythrite, 1. + +Phy"co*chrome (?), n. [Gr. &?; seaweed + &?; color.] (Bot.) A bluish +green coloring matter of certain algÊ. + +{ Phy`co*cy"a*nin (?), Phy`co*cy"a*nine (?), } n. [Gr. &?; seaweed + E. +cyanin.] A blue coloring matter found in certain algÊ. + +{ Phy`co*e*ryth"rin (?), Phy`co*e*ryth"rine (?), } n. [Gr. &?; seaweed ++ E. erythrin, - ine.] A red coloring matter found in algÊ of the +subclass FlorideÊ. + +Phy*cog"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr. &?; seaweed + -graphy.] A description of +seaweeds. + +Phy*col"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. &?; seaweed + -logy.] The science of algÊ, or +seaweeds; algology. + +||Phy`co*ma"ter (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; seaweed + L. mater mother.] +||(Bot.) A gelatin in which the algÊ spores have been supposed to +||vegetate. + +Phy`co*phÊ"ine (?), n. [Gr. &?; seaweed + (&?;) dusky.] A brown +coloring matter found in certain algÊ. + +{ Phy`co*xan"thin (?), Phy`co*xan"thine (?), } n. [Gr. &?; seaweed + +&?; yellow.] A yellowish coloring matter found in certain algÊ. + +Phy*lac"ter (?), n. A phylactery. Sandys. + +Phy*lac"tered (?), a. Wearing a phylactery. + +{ Phyl`ac*ter"ic (?), Phyl`ac*ter"ic*al (?), } a. Of or pertaining to +phylacteries. + +Phy*lac"ter*y (?), n.; pl. Phylacteries (#). [OE. filateri, OF. +filatire, filatiere, F. phylactËre, L. phylacterium, Gr. &?;, fr. &?; a +watcher, guard, &?; to watch, guard. Cf. Philatory.] 1. Any charm or +amulet worn as a preservative from danger or disease. + +2. A small square box, made either of parchment or of black calfskin, +containing slips of parchment or vellum on which are written the +scriptural passages Exodus xiii. 2-10, and 11-17, Deut. vi. 4-9, 13-22. +They are worn by Jews on the head and left arm, on week-day mornings, +during the time of prayer. Schaff-Herzog Encyc. + +3. Among the primitive Christians, a case in which the relics of the +dead were inclosed. + +Phy*lac"to*carp (?), n. [Gr. &?; to guard + &?; fruit.] (Zoˆl.) A +branch of a plumularian hydroid specially modified in structure for the +protection of the gonothecÊ. + +{ ||Phy*lac`to*lÊ"ma (?), ||Phy*lac`to*lÊ"ma*ta (?), } n. pl. [NL., fr. +Gr. &?; to guard + &?; the gullet.] (Zoˆl.) An order of fresh-water +Bryozoa in which the tentacles are arranged on a horseshoe-shaped +lophophore, and the mouth is covered by an epistome. Called also +Lophopoda, and hippocrepians. + +Phy*lac`to*lÊ"ma*tous (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Of or pertaining to the +PhylactolÊma. + +{ ||Phy*lac`to*le"ma (?), ||Phy*lac`to*le"ma*ta (?), } n. pl. [NL.] +(Zoˆl.) Same as PhylactolÊma. + +Phy"larch (?), n. [L. phylarchus, Gr. &?;. See Phyle, and -arch.] (Gr. +Antiq.) The chief of a phyle, or tribe. + +Phy"larch*y (?), n. [Gr. &?;.] The office of a phylarch; government of +a class or tribe. + +||Phy"le (?), n.; pl. PhylÊ (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a body of men united +||by ties of blood or habitation.] A local division of the people in +||ancient Athens; a clan; a tribe. + +Phyl"lite (?), n. [See Phylo-.] (Min.) (a) A mineral related to +ottrelite. (b) Clay slate; argillaceous schist. + +Phyl"lo- (?). A combining form from Gr. &?; a leaf; as, phyllopod, +phyllotaxy. + +||Phyl`lo*bran"chi*a (?), n.; pl. PhyllobranciÊ (#). [NL. See Phyllo-, +||and Branchia.] (Zoˆl.) A crustacean gill composed of lamellÊ. + +||Phyl`lo*cla"di*um (?), n.; pl. Phyllocladia (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a +||leaf + &?; a sprout.] (Bot.) A flattened stem or branch which more or +||less resembles a leaf, and performs the function of a leaf as regards +||respiration and assimilation. + +Phyl`lo*cy"a*nin (?), n. [Phyllo- + cyanin.] (Chem.) A blue coloring +matter extracted from chlorophyll. [Written also phyllocyanine.] + +Phyl"lo*cyst (?), n. [Phyllo- + cyst.] (Zoˆl.) The cavity of a +hydrophyllium. + +Phyl"lode (?), n. (Bot.) Same as Phyllodium. + +Phyl`lo*din"eous (?), a. (Bot.) Having phyllodia; relating to +phyllodia. + +||Phyl*lo"di*um (?), n.; pl. Phyllodia (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?; leaflike; +||&?; leaf + &?; form.] (Bot.) A petiole dilated into the form of a +||blade, and usually with vertical edges, as in the Australian acacias. + +Phyl"lo*dy (?), n. [See Phyllodium.] (Bot.) A retrograde metamorphosis +of the floral organs to the condition of leaves. + +Phyl"loid (?), a. [Phyllo- + - oid.] Resembling a leaf. + +Phyl`lo*ma"ni*a (?), n. [Phyllo- + mania.] (Bot.) An abnormal or +excessive production of leaves. + +Phyl"lome (?), n. [Gr. &?; foliage, fr. &?; a leaf.] (Bot.) A foliar +part of a plant; any organ homologous with a leaf, or produced by +metamorphosis of a leaf. + +||Phyl`lo*mor*pho"sis (?), n. [NL. See Phyllo-, Morphosis.] (Bot.) The +||succession and variation of leaves during different seasons. R. +||Brown. + +Phyl*loph"a*gan (?), n. [Phyllo- + Gr. &?; to eat.] (Zoˆl.) (a) One of +a group of marsupials including the phalangists. (b) One of a tribe of +beetles which feed upon the leaves of plants, as the chafers. + +Phyl*loph"a*gous (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Substituting on leaves; leaf- eating. + +Phyl*loph"o*rous (?), a. [Phyllo- + Gr. &?; to bear.] (Bot.) +Leaf-bearing; producing leaves. + +Phyl"lo*pod (?), n. (Zoˆl.) One of the Phyllopoda. [Also used +adjectively.] + +||Phyl*lop"o*da (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a leaf + -poda.] (Zoˆl.) +||An order of Entomostraca including a large number of species, most of +||which live in fresh water. They have flattened or leaflike legs, +||often very numerous, which they use in swimming. Called also +||Branchiopoda. + +In some, the body is covered with a bivalve shell (Holostraca); in +others, as Apus, by a shield-shaped carapace (Monostraca); in others, +like Artemia, there is no carapace, and the body is regularly +segmented. Sometimes the group is made to include also the Cladocera. + +Phyl*lop"o*dous (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Of or pertaining to the Phyllopoda. + +Phyl"lo*rhine (?), a. [Phyllo- + Gr. &?;, &?;, the nose.] (Zoˆl.) Of or +pertaining to Phyllorhina and other related genera of bats that have a +leaflike membrane around the nostrils. + +||Phyl`lo*so"ma (?), n. [NL. See Phyllo-, and -some body.] (Zoˆl.) The +||larva of the spiny lobsters (Palinurus and allied genera). Its body +||is remarkably thin, flat, and transparent; the legs are very long. +||Called also glass-crab, and glass- shrimp. + +<! p. 1081 !> + +Phyl"lo*stome (fl"l*stm), n. [Phyllo- + Gr. sto`ma mouth.] (Zoˆl.) Any +bat of the genus Phyllostoma, or allied genera, having large membranes +around the mouth and nose; a nose-leaf bat. + +Phyl*los"to*mid (?), n. A phyllostome. + +Phyl`lo*tac"tic (?), a. (Bot.) Of or pertaining to phyllotaxy. + +{ Phyl"lo*tax`y (?), Phyl"lo*tax`is (?), } n. [Phyllo- + Gr. ta`xis +order.] (Bot.) The order or arrangement of leaves on the stem; the +science of the relative position of leaves. + +Phyl"lous (?), a. (Bot.) Homologous with a leaf; as, the sepals, +petals, stamens, and pistils are phyllous organs. + +Phyl`lo*xan"thin (?), n. [Phyllo- + Gr. &?; yellow.] (Bot.) A yellow +coloring matter extracted from chlorophyll. + +Phyl`lox*e"ra (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; leaf + &?; dry.] 1. (Zoˆl.) A +small hemipterous insect (Phylloxera vastatrix) allied to the aphids. +It attacks the roots and leaves of the grapevine, doing great damage, +especially in Europe. + +It exists in several forms, some of which are winged, other wingless. +One form produces galls on the leaves and twigs, another affects the +roots, causing galls or swellings, and often killing the vine. + +2. The diseased condition of a vine caused by the insect just +described. + +{ Phy`lo*gen"e*sis (?), Phy*log"e*ny (?), } n. [Gr. &?; tribe + E. +genesis, or root of Gr. &?; to be born.] The history of genealogical +development; the race history of an animal or vegetable type; the +historic exolution of the phylon or tribe, in distinction from +ontogeny, or the development of the individual organism, and from +biogenesis, or life development generally. + +Phy*lo*ge*net"ic (?), a. Relating to phylogenesis, or the race history +of a type of organism. -- Phy*lo*ge*net"ic*al*ly (#), adv. + +||Phy"lon (?), n.; pl. Phyla (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?; race, tribe.] +||(Biol.) A tribe. + +||Phy"lum (?), n.; pl. Phyla (#). [NL. See Phylon.] (Zoˆl.) One of the +||larger divisions of the animal kingdom; a branch; a grand division. + +||Phy"ma (?), n.; pl. Phymata (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to +||produce.] (Med.) A tubercle on any external part of the body. + +||Phy"sa (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a bellows.] (Zoˆl.) A genus of +||fresh-water Pulmonifera, having reversed spiral shells. See Pond +||snail, under Pond. + +||Phy*sa"li*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a bladder, fr. &?; a bellows.] +||(Zoˆl.) A genus of large oceanic Siphonophora which includes the +||Portuguese man-of- war. + +It has a large air sac, or float, with a sail-like crest on its upper +side. Numerous zooids of different kinds are attached to the under side +of the float. Some of the zooids have very long tentacles; some have a +mouth and digest food; others produce gonophores. The American species +(Physalia arethusa) is brilliantly colored, the float being pink or +purple, and bright blue; the zooids blue. It is noted for its virulent +stinging powers, as well as for its beautiful colors, graceful motions, +and its ability to sail to windward. + +||Phy*sa"li*Ê (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zoˆl.) An order of Siphonophora which +||includes Physalia. + +||Phys`e*ma"ri*a (?), n. pl. [NL., from Gr. &?; a blowing.] (Zoˆl.) A +||group of simple marine organisms, usually classed as the lowest of +||the sponges. They have inflated hollow bodies. + +Phy*se"ter (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to blow: cf. F. +physÈtËre.] 1. (Zoˆl.) The genus that includes the sperm whale. + +2. A filtering machine operated by air pressure. + +Phys`i*an"thro*py (?), n. [Gr. fy`sis nature + &?; man.] The philosophy +of human life, or the doctrine of the constitution and diseases of man, +and their remedies. + +Phys"ic (?), n. [OE. phisike, fisike, OF. phisique, F. physique +knowledge of nature, physics, L. physica, physice, fr. Gr. &?;, fr. +fysiko`s natural, from fy`sis nature, fr. &?; to produce, grow, akin to +E. be. See Be, and cf. Physics, Physique.] 1. The art of healing +diseases; the science of medicine; the theory or practice of medicine. +"A doctor of physik." Chaucer. + +2. A specific internal application for the cure or relief of sickness; +a remedy for disease; a medicine. + +3. Specifically, a medicine that purges; a cathartic. + +4. A physician. [R.] Shak. + +Physic nut (Bot.), a small tropical American euphorbiaceous tree +(Jatropha Curcas), and its seeds, which are well flavored, but contain +a drastic oil which renders them dangerous if eaten in large +quantities. + +Phys"ic (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Physiced (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Physicking (?).] 1. To treat with physic or medicine; to administer +medicine to, esp. a cathartic; to operate on as a cathartic; to purge. + +2. To work on as a remedy; to heal; to cure. + + The labor we delight in physics pain. + + +Shak. + + A mind diseased no remedy can physic. + + +Byron. + +Phys"ic*al (?), a. 1. Of or pertaining to nature (as including all +created existences); in accordance with the laws of nature; also, of or +relating to natural or material things, or to the bodily structure, as +opposed to things mental, moral, spiritual, or imaginary; material; +natural; as, armies and navies are the physical force of a nation; the +body is the physical part of man. + + Labor, in the physical world, is . . . employed in putting objects + in motion. + + +J. S. Mill. + + A society sunk in ignorance, and ruled by mere physical force. + + +Macaulay. + +2. Of or pertaining to physics, or natural philosophy; treating of, or +relating to, the causes and connections of natural phenomena; as, +physical science; physical laws. "Physical philosophy." Pope. + +3. Perceptible through a bodily or material organization; cognizable by +the senses; external; as, the physical, opposed to chemical, characters +of a mineral. + +4. Of or pertaining to physic, or the art of medicine; medicinal; +curative; healing; also, cathartic; purgative. [Obs.] "Physical herbs." +Sir T. North. + + Is Brutus sick? and is it physical To walk unbraced, and suck up + the humors Of the dank morning? + + +Shak. + +Physical astronomy, that part of astronomy which treats of the causes +of the celestial motions; specifically, that which treats of the +motions resulting from universal gravitation. -- Physical education, +training of the bodily organs and powers with a view to the promotion +of health and vigor. -- Physical examination (Med.), an examination of +the bodily condition of a person. -- Physical geography. See under +Geography. -- Physical point, an indefinitely small portion of matter; +a point conceived as being without extension, yet having physical +properties, as weight, inertia, momentum, etc.; a material point. -- +Physical signs (Med.), the objective signs of the bodily state afforded +by a physical examination. + +Phys"ic*al*ly, adv. In a physical manner; according to the laws of +nature or physics; by physical force; not morally. + + I am not now treating physically of light or colors. + + +Locke. + +2. According to the rules of medicine. [Obs.] + + He that lives physically must live miserably. + + +Cheyne. + +Phy*si"cian (?), n. [OE. fisician, fisicien, OF. physucien, a +physician, in F., a natural philosopher, an experimentalist in physics. +See Physic.] 1. A person skilled in physic, or the art of healing; one +duty authorized to prescribe remedies for, and treat, diseases; a +doctor of medicine. + +2. Hence, figuratively, one who ministers to moral diseases; as, a +physician of the soul. + +Phy*si"cianed (?), a. Licensed as a physician. [Obs.] "A physicianed +apothecary." Walpole. + +Phys"i*cism (?), n. The tendency of the mind toward, or its +preoccupation with, physical phenomena; materialism in philosophy and +religion. + + Anthropomorphism grows into theology, while physicism (if I may so + call it) develops into science. + + +Huxley. + +Phys"i*cist (?), n. One versed in physics. + +2. (Biol.) A believer in the theory that the fundamental phenomena of +life are to be explained upon purely chemical and physical principles; +-- opposed to vitalist. + +Phys"ick*ing (?), p. pr. & vb. n. fr. Physic, v. t. + +Phys"i*co- (?). [Fr. Gr. &?; natural, physical.] A combining form, +denoting relation to, or dependence upon, natural causes, or the +science of physics. + +Phys`i*co*chem"ic*al (?), a. [Physico- + chemical.] Involving the +principles of both physics and chemistry; dependent on, or produced by, +the joint action of physical and chemical agencies. Huxley. + +Phys`i*co*log"ic (?), n. [Physico- + logic.] Logic illustrated by +physics. + +Phys`i*co*log"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to physicologic. Swift. + +Phys`i*col"o*gy (?), n. [Physico- + -logy.] Physics. [R.] -- +Phys`i*col"o*gist (#), n. [R.] + +Phys`i*co-math`e*mat"ics (?), n. [Physico- + mathematics.] Mixed +mathematics. + +Phys`i*co-phi*los"o*phy (?), n. [Physico- + philosophy.] The philosophy +of nature. + +Phys`i*co-the*ol"o*gy (?), n. [Physico- + theology.] Theology or +divinity illustrated or enforced by physics or natural philosophy. + +Phys"ics (?), n. [See Physic.] The science of nature, or of natural +objects; that branch of science which treats of the laws and properties +of matter, and the forces acting upon it; especially, that department +of natural science which treats of the causes (as gravitation, heat, +light, magnetism, electricity, etc.) that modify the general properties +of bodies; natural philosophy. + +Chemistry, though a branch of general physics, is commonly treated as a +science by itself, and the application of physical principles which it +involves constitute a branch called chemical physics, which treats more +especially of those physical properties of matter which are used by +chemists in defining and distinguishing substances. + +Phys"i*o*crat (?), n. [Gr. fy`sis nature + &?; to rule.] One of the +followers of Quesnay of France, who, in the 18th century, founded a +system of political economy based upon the supremacy of natural order. +F. A. Walker. -- Phys`i*o*crat"ic (#), a. + +Phys`i*og"e*ny (?), n. [Gr. fy`sis nature + root of &?; to be born.] +(Biol.) The germ history of the functions, or the history of the +development of vital activities, in the individual, being one of the +branches of ontogeny. See Morphogeny. Haeckel. + +Phys`i*og"no*mer (?), n. Physiognomist. + +{ Phys`i*og*nom"ic (?), Phys`i*og*nom"ic*al (?), } a. [Gr. &?;: cf. F. +physiognomonique.] Of or pertaining to physiognomy; according with the +principles of physiognomy. -- Phys`i*og*nom"ic*al*ly, adv. + +Phys`i*og*nom"ist (?), n. Same as Physiognomy, 1. + +Phys`i*og"no*mist (?), n. [Cf. F. physiognomiste.] 1. One skilled in +physiognomy. Dryden. + +2. One who tells fortunes by physiognomy. Holland. + +Phys`i*og"no*mize (?), v. t. To observe and study the physiognomy of. +[R.] Southey. + +Phys`i*og`no*mmon"ic (?), a. Physiognomic. + +Phys`i*og"no*my (?), n.; pl. Physiognomies (#). [OE. fisonomie, +phisonomie, fisnamie, OF. phisonomie, F. physiognomie, physiognomonie, +from Gr. &?;; fy`sis nature + &?; one who knows or examines, a judge, +fr. &?;, &?;, to know. See Physic, and Know, and cf. Phiz.] 1. The art +and science of discovering the predominant temper, and other +characteristic qualities of the mind, by the outward appearance, +especially by the features of the face. + +2. The face or countenance, with respect to the temper of the mind; +particular configuration, cast, or expression of countenance, as +denoting character. + +3. The art telling fortunes by inspection of the features. [Obs.] Bale. + +4. The general appearance or aspect of a thing, without reference to +its scientific characteristics; as, the physiognomy of a plant, or of a +meteor. + +Phys`i*og"o*ny (?), n. [Gr. fy`sis nature + go`nos birth.] The birth of +nature. [R.] Coleridge. + +{ Phys`i*o*graph"ic (?), Phys`i*o*graph"ic*al (?), } a. [Cf. F. +physiographique.] Of or pertaining to physiography. + +Phys`i*og"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr. fy`sis nature + -graphy: cf. F. +physiographie.] The science which treats of the earth's exterior +physical features, climate, life, etc., and of the physical movements +or changes on the earth's surface, as the currents of the atmosphere +and ocean, the secular variations in heat, moisture, magnetism, etc.; +physical geography. + +Phys`i*ol"a*try (?), n. [Gr. fy`sis nature + &?; service.] The worship +of the powers or agencies of nature; materialism in religion; nature +worship. "The physiolatry of the Vedas." M. Williams. + +Phys`i*ol"o*ger (?), n. A physiologist. + +Phys`i*o*log"ic (?), a. [L. physiologicus, Gr. &?;: cf. F. +physiologique.] Physiological. + +Phys`i*o*log"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to physiology; relating to +the science of the functions of living organism; as, physiological +botany or chemistry. + +Phys`i*o*log"ic*al*ly, adv. In a physiological manner. + +Phys`i*ol"o*gist (?), n. [Cf. F. physiologiste.] One who is versed in +the science of physiology; a student of the properties and functions of +animal and vegetable organs and tissues. + +Phys`i*ol"o*gize (?), v. i. To speculate in physiology; to make +physiological investigations. Cudworth. + +Phys`i*ol"o*gy (?), n.; pl. Physiologies (#). [L. physiologia, Gr. &?;; +fy`sis nature + &?; discourse: cf. F. physiologie.] 1. The science +which treats of the phenomena of living organisms; the study of the +processes incidental to, and characteristic of, life. + +It is divided into animal and vegetable physiology, dealing with animal +and vegetable life respectively. When applied especially to a study of +the functions of the organs and tissues in man, it is called human +physiology. + +2. A treatise on physiology. + +Mental physiology, the science of the functions and phenomena of the +mind, as distinguished from a philosophical explanation of the same. + +Phys`i*oph"y*ly (?), n. [Gr. fy`sis nature + &?; a clan.] (Biol.) The +tribal history of the functions, or the history of the paleontological +development of vital activities, -- being a branch of phylogeny. See +Morphophyly. Haeckel. + +Phy*sique" (?), n. [F. See Physic.] The natural constitution, or +physical structure, of a person. + + With his white hair and splendid physique. + + +Mrs. Stowe. + +Phys"no*my (?), n. Physiogmony. [Obs.] + +Phys"o*clist, n. (Zoˆl.) One of the Physoclisti. + +||Phys`o*clis"ti (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a bellows + &?; to +||close.] (Zoˆl.) An order of teleost in which the air bladder has no +||opening. + +Phys"o*grade (?), n. [Gr. &?; a bellows + L. gradi to walk, go.] +(Zoˆl.) Any siphonophore which has an air sac for a float, as the +Physalia. + +||Phy*soph"o*rÊ (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a bellows + &?; to bear.] +||(Zoˆl.) An order of Siphonophora, furnished with an air sac, or +||float, and a series of nectocalyces. See Illust. under Nectocalyx. + +Phy"so*pod (?), n. (Zoˆl.) One of the Physopoda; a thrips. + +||Phy*sop"o*da (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a bellows + -poda.] +||(Zoˆl.) Same as Thysanoptera. + +Phy`so*stig"mine (?), n. (Chem.) An alkaloid found in the Calabar bean +(the seed of Physostigma venenosum), and extracted as a white, +tasteless, substance, amorphous or crystalline; -- formerly called +eserine, with which it was regarded as identical. + +||Phy*sos"to*mi (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a bellows + &?; mouth.] +||(Zoˆl.) An order of fishes in which the air bladder is provided with +||a duct, and the ventral fins, when present, are abdominal. It +||includes the salmons, herrings, carps, catfishes, and others. + +<! p. 1082 !> + +Phy*sos"to*mous (?), a. (Zoˆl.) (a) Having a duct to the air bladder. +(b) Pertaining to the Physostomi. + +||Phy*tel"e*phas (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a plant + &?; the elephant; +||also, ivory.] (Bot.) A genus of South American palm trees, the seeds +||of which furnish the substance called vegetable ivory. + +Phy*tiv"o*rous (?), a. [Phyto- + L. vorare to eat greedily.] Feeding on +plants or herbage; phytophagous; as, phytivorous animals. Ray. + +Phy"to- (?). [See Physic.] A combining form from Gr. fyto`n a plant; +as, phytochemistry, phytography. + +Phy`to*chem"ic*al (?), a. Relating to phytochemistry. R. Hunt. + +Phy"to*chem"is*try (?), n. [Phyto- + chemistry.] Chemistry in its +relation to vegetable bodies; vegetable chemistry. R. Hunt. + +Phy*toch"i*my (?), n. [F. phytochimie; Gr. &?; a plant + F. chimie +chemistry.] Phytochemistry. [Obsoles.] + +{ Phy`to*gen"e*sis (?), Phy*tog"e*ny (?), } n. [Phyto- + genesis, or +root of Gr. &?; to be born.] The doctrine of the generation of plants. + +Phy`to*ge"o*graph"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to phytogeography. + +Phy`to*ge*og"ra*phy (?), n. [Phyto- + geography.] The geographical +distribution of plants. + +Phy`to*glyph"ic (?), a. Relating to phytoglyphy. + +Phy*tog"ly*phy (?), n. [Phyto- + Gr. &?; to engrave.] See Nature +printing, under Nature. + +Phy`to*graph"ic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. phytographique.] Of or pertaining to +phytography. + +Phy*tog"ra*phy (?), n. [Phyto- + -graphy: cf. F. phytographie.] The +science of describing plants in a systematic manner; also, a +description of plants. + +Phy"toid (?), a. [Phyto- + - oid.] Resembling a plant; plantlike. + +||Phy`to*lac"ca (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; plant + It. lacca lac.] +||(Bot.) A genus of herbaceous plants, some of them having berries +||which abound in intensely red juice; poke, or pokeweed. + +Phy"to*lite (?), n. [Phyto- + -lite: cf. F. phytolithe.] An old name +for a fossil plant. + +Phy`to*li*thol"o*gist (?), n. One versed in phytolithology; a +paleobotanist. + +Phy`to*li*thol"o*gy (?), n. [Phyto- + lithology.] The branch of +science which treats of fossil plants; -- usually called paleobotany, +sometimes paleophytology. + +Phy`to*log"ic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. phytologique.] Of or pertaining to +phytology; botanical. + +Phy*tol"o*gist (?), n. One skilled in phytology; a writer on plants; a +botanist. Evelyn. + +Phy*tol"o*gy (?), n. [Phyto- + -logy: cf. F. phytologie.] The science +of plants; a description of the kinds and properties of plants; botany. +Sir T. Browne. + +{ Phy"to*mer (?), Phy*tom"e*ron (?), } n. [NL. phytomeron, fr. Gr. &?; +plant + &?; share.] (Bot.) An organic element of a flowering plant; a +phyton. + +||Phy"ton (?), n.; pl. Phytons (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?; plant.] (Bot.) +||One of the parts which by their repetition make up a flowering plant, +||each being a single joint of a stem with its leaf or leaves; a +||phytomer. + +Phy*ton"o*my (?), n. [Phyto- + Gr. &?; law: cf. F. phytonomie.] The +science of the origin and growth of plants. + +Phy`to*pa*thol"o*gist (?), n. One skilled in diseases of plants. + +Phy`to*pa*thol"o*gy (?), n. [Phyto- + pathology.] The science of +diseases to which plants are liable. + +||Phy*toph"a*ga (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a plant + &?; to eat.] +||(Zoˆl.) A division of Hymenoptera; the sawflies. + +Phy`to*phag"ic (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Phytophagous. + +Phy*toph"a*gous (?), a. [Phyto- + Gr. &?; to eat.] (Zoˆl.) Feeding on +plants; herbivorous; as, a phytophagous animal. + +Phy*toph"a*gy (?), n. The eating of plants. + +Phy`to*phys`i*ol"o*gy (?), n. [Phyto- + physiology.] Vegetable +physiology. + +Phy*tot"o*mist (?), n. One versed in phytotomy. + +Phy*tot"o*my (?), n. [Phyto- + Gr. &?; to cut.] The dissection of +plants; vegetable anatomy. + +||Phy`to*zo*a"ri*a (?), n. pl. [NL. See Phytozoˆn.] (Zoˆl.) Same as +||Infusoria. + +||Phy`to*zo"ˆn (?), n.; pl. Phytozoa (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?; + &?; an +||animal.] (Zoˆl.) A plantlike animal. The term is sometimes applied to +||zoˆphytes. + +Phyz (?), n. See Phiz. + +Pi (?), n. [See Pica, Pie magpie, service-book.] (Print.) A mass of +type confusedly mixed or unsorted. [Written also pie.] + +Pi, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pied (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pieing (?).] (Print.) +To put into a mixed and disordered condition, as type; to mix and +disarrange the type of; as, to pi a form. [Written also pie.] + +Pi*aÁ"a*ba (?), n. See Piassava. + +Pi"a*cle (?), n. [L. piaculum a propitiatory sacrifice, that which +requires expiation, a wicked action, fr. piare to appease, to expiate, +pius pious.] A heinous offense which requires expiation. [R.] Howell. + +Pi*ac"u*lar (?), a. [L. piacularis: cf. F. piaculaire.] 1. Expiatory; +atoning. Sir G. C. Lewis. + +2. Requiring expiation; criminal; atrociously bad. "Piacular +pollution." De Quincey. + +Pi*ac`u*lar"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being piacular; +criminality; wickedness. De Quincey. + +Pi*ac"u*lous (?), a. Same as Piacular. + +Pi"al (?), a. (Anat.) Pertaining to the pia mater. + +||Pi"a ma"ter (?). [NL., fr. L. pia (fem. of pius tender, kind) + mater +||mother.] (Anat.) The delicate and highly vascular membrane +||immediately investing the brain and spinal cord. + +||Pian (?), n. [Pg. pian, epian, or. Sp. pian; from the native name in +||South America: cf. F. pian.] (Med.) The yaws. See Yaws. + +Pi"a*net` (?), n. [Cf. Pie magpie.] (Zoˆl.) (a) The magpie. [Written +also pianate, and pyenate.] (b) The lesser woodpecker. [Obs.] Bailey. + +Pi*a*nette" (?), n. [Dim. of piano.] (Mus.) A small piano; a pianino. + +||Pi`a*ni"no (?), n. [It., dim. of piano, adj. See Piano.] (Mus.) A +||pianette, or small piano. + +||Pi`a*nis"si*mo (?), a.[It., superl. of piano.] (Mus.) Very soft; -- a +||direction to execute a passage as softly as possible. (Abbrev. pp.) + +Pi*an"ist (?), n. [Cf. F. pianiste, It. pianista.] A performer, esp. a +skilled performer, on the piano. + +||Pi*a"no (?), a. & adv. [It., even, smooth, soft, fr. L. planus even, +||level.] (Mus.) Soft; -- a direction to the performer to execute a +||certain passage softly, and with diminished volume of tone. (Abbrev. +||p.) + +{ Pi*an"o (?), Pi*an"o*for`te (?), } n. [It. piano soft (fr. L. planus +even, smooth; see Plain, a.) + It. forte strong, fr. L. fortis (see +Fort).] (Mus.) A well-known musical instrument somewhat resembling the +harpsichord, and consisting of a series of wires of graduated length, +thickness, and tension, struck by hammers moved by keys. + +Dumb piano. See Digitorium. -- Grand piano. See under Grand. -- Square +piano, one with a horizontal frame and an oblong case. -- Upright +piano, one with an upright frame and vertical wires. + +Pi*an"o*graph (?), n. [Piano + -graph.] (Mus.) A form of melodiograph +applied to a piano. + +Pi"a*pec (?), n. [Cf. Pie a magpie.] (Zoˆl.) A West African pie +(Ptilostomus Senegalensis). + +Pi"a*rist (?), n. [L. pius pious.] (R. C. Ch.) One of a religious order +who are the regular clerks of the Scuole Pie (religious schools), an +institute of secondary education, founded at Rome in the last years of +the 16th century. Addis & Arnold. + +Pi*as"sa*va (?), n. [Pg. piasaba.] A fibrous product of two Brazilian +palm trees (Attalea funifera and Leopoldinia Piassaba), -- used in +making brooms, and for other purposes. Called also piaÁaba and piasaba. + +Pi*as"ter (?), n. [F. piastre, It. piastra a thin plate of metal, a +dollar, LL. piastra, fr. L. emplastrum. See Plaster.] A silver coin of +Spain and various other countries. See Peso. The Spanish piaster +(commonly called peso, or peso duro) is of about the value of the +American dollar. The Italian piaster, or scudo, was worth from 80 to +100 cents. The Turkish and Egyptian piasters are now worth about four +and a half cents. + +Pi*as"tre (?), n. See Piaster. + +Pi*a"tion (?), n. [L. piatio. See Piacle.] The act of making atonement; +expiation. [Obs.] + +||Pi*at"ti (?), n. pl. [It., prop., plates.] (Mus.) Cymbals. [Written +||also pyatti.] + +Pi*az"za (?), n.; pl. Piazzas (#). [It., place, square, market place, +L. platea street, courtyard. See Place.] An open square in a European +town, especially an Italian town; hence (Arch.), an arcaded and roofed +gallery; a portico. In the United States the word is popularly applied +to a veranda. + + We walk by the obelisk, and meditate in piazzas. + + +Jer. Taylor. + +Pib"corn` (?), n. [W. pib pipe + corn horn.] (Mus.) A wind instrument +or pipe, with a horn at each end, -- used in Wales. + +Pi"broch (?), n. [Gael. piobaireachd pipe music, fr. piobair a piper, +fr. pioba pipe, bagpipe, from English. See Pipe, n.] A Highland air, +suited to the particular passion which the musician would either excite +or assuage; generally applied to those airs that are played on the +bagpipe before the Highlanders when they go out to battle. Jamieson. + +Pic (?), n. [Cf. F. pic.] A Turkish cloth measure, varying from 18 to +28 inches. + +Pi"ca (?), n. [L. pica a pie, magpie; in sense 3 prob. named from some +resemblance to the colors of the magpie. Cf. Pie magpie.] 1. (Zoˆl.) +The genus that includes the magpies. + +2. (Med.) A vitiated appetite that craves what is unfit for food, as +chalk, ashes, coal, etc.; chthonophagia. + +3. (R. C. Ch.) A service-book. See Pie. [Obs.] + +4. (Print.) A size of type next larger than small pica, and smaller +than English. + +This line is printed in pica + +Pica is twice the size of nonpareil, and is used as a standard of +measurement in casting leads, cutting rules, etc., and also as a +standard by which to designate several larger kinds of type, as double +pica, two-line pica, four-line pica, and the like. + +Small pica (Print.), a size of type next larger than long primer, and +smaller than pica. + +This line is printed in small pica + +||Pic`a*dor" (?), n. [Sp.] A horseman armed with a lance, who in a +||bullfight receives the first attack of the bull, and excites him by +||picking him without attempting to kill him. + +Pic"a*mar` (?), n. [L. pix, picis, pitch + amarus bitter.] (Chem.) An +oily liquid hydrocarbon extracted from the creosote of beechwood tar. +It consists essentially of certain derivatives of pyrogallol. + +Pic"a*pare (?), n. (Zoˆl.) The finfoot. + +Pic"ard (?), n. (Eccl. Hist.) One of a sect of Adamites in the +fifteenth century; -- so called from one Picard of Flanders. See +Adamite. + +Pic`a*resque" (?), a. [F., fr. Sp. picaro rogue.] Applied to that class +of literature in which the principal personage is the Spanish picaro, +meaning a rascal, a knave, a rogue, an adventurer. + +||Pi*ca"ri*Ê (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. L. picus a woodpecker.] (Zoˆl.) An +||extensive division of birds which includes the woodpeckers, toucans, +||trogons, hornbills, kingfishers, motmots, rollers, and goatsuckers. +||By some writers it is made to include also the cuckoos, swifts, and +||humming birds. + +Pi*ca"ri*an (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Of or pertaining to PicariÊ. -- n. One of +the PicariÊ. + +Pic`a*roon" (?), n. [Sp. picaron, aug. of picaro roguish, n., a rogue.] +One who plunders; especially, a plunderer of wrecks; a pirate; a +corsair; a marauder; a sharper. Sir W. Temple. + +Pic`a*yune" (?), n. [From the language of the Caribs.] A small coin of +the value of six and a quarter cents. See Fippenny bit. [Local, U.S.] + +Pic`a*yun"ish (?), a. Petty; paltry; mean; as, a picayunish business. +[Colloq. U.S.] + +{ Pic"ca*dil (?), Pic`ca*dil"ly (?), } n. [OF. piccagilles the several +divisions of pieces fastened together about the brim of the collar of a +doublet, a dim. fr. Sp. picado, p. p. of picar to prick. See Pike.] A +high, stiff collar for the neck; also, a hem or band about the skirt of +a garment, -- worn by men in the 17th century. + +Pic"cage (?), n. [LL. piccadium, fr. F. piquer to prick.] (O. Eng. Law) +Money paid at fairs for leave to break ground for booths. Ainsworth. + +Pic"ca*lil`li (?), n. A pickle of various vegetables with pungent +species, -- originally made in the East Indies. + +||Pic"co*lo (?), n. [It., small.] 1. (Mus.) A small, shrill flute, the +||pitch of which is an octave higher than the ordinary flute; an octave +||flute. + +2. (Mus.) A small upright piano. + +3. (Mus.) An organ stop, with a high, piercing tone. + +Pice (?), n. [Hind. pais] A small copper coin of the East Indies, worth +less than a cent. Malcom. + +||Pic"e*a (?), n. [L., the pitch pine, from pix, picis, pitch.] (Bot.) +||A genus of coniferous trees of the northen hemisphere, including the +||Norway spruce and the American black and white spruces. These trees +||have pendent cones, which do not readily fall to pieces, in this and +||other respects differing from the firs. + +Pi"cene (?), n. [See Piceous.] (Chem.) A hydrocarbon (C&?;H&?;) +extracted from the pitchy residue of coal tar and petroleum as a bluish +fluorescent crystalline substance. + +Pic"e*ous (?), a. [L. piceus, fr. pix, picis, pitch.] Of or pertaining +to pitch; resembling pitch in color or quality; pitchy. + +Pi"chey (?), n. [Native name.] (Zoˆl.) A Brazilian armadillo (Dasypus +minutus); the little armadillo. [Written also pichiy.] + +||Pi`chi*ci*a"go (?), n. [Native name.] (Zoˆl.) A small, burrowing, +||South American edentate (Chlamyphorus truncatus), allied to the +||armadillos. The shell is attached only along the back. [Written also +||pichyciego.] + +Pich"u*rim bean` (?). (Bot.) The seed of a Brazilian lauraceous tree +(Nectandra Puchury) of a taste and smell between those of nutmeg and of +sassafras, -- sometimes used medicinally. Called also sassafras nut. + +||Pi"ci (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. L. picus a woodpecker.] (Zoˆl.) A +||division of birds including the woodpeckers and wrynecks. + +Pi"ci*form (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Of or pertaining to Piciformes. + +||Pic`i*for"mes (?), n. pl. [NL. See Picus, and -Form.] (Zoˆl.) A group +||of birds including the woodpeckers, toucans, barbets, colies, +||kingfishes, hornbills, and some other related groups. + +Pi"cine (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Of or pertaining to the woodpeckers (Pici), or +to the Piciformes. + +Pick (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Picked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Picking.] +[OE. picken, pikken, to prick, peck; akin to Icel. pikka, Sw. picka, +Dan. pikke, D. pikken, G. picken, F. piquer, W. pigo. Cf. Peck, v., +Pike, Pitch to throw.] 1. To throw; to pitch. [Obs.] + + As high as I could pick my lance. + + +Shak. + +2. To peck at, as a bird with its beak; to strike at with anything +pointed; to act upon with a pointed instrument; to pierce; to prick, as +with a pin. + +3. To separate or open by means of a sharp point or points; as, to pick +matted wool, cotton, oakum, etc. + +4. To open (a lock) as by a wire. + +5. To pull apart or away, especially with the fingers; to pluck; to +gather, as fruit from a tree, flowers from the stalk, feathers from a +fowl, etc. + +6. To remove something from with a pointed instrument, with the +fingers, or with the teeth; as, to pick the teeth; to pick a bone; to +pick a goose; to pick a pocket. + + Did you pick Master Slender's purse? + + +Shak. + + He picks clean teeth, and, busy as he seems With an old tavern + quill, is hungry yet. + + +Cowper. + +7. To choose; to select; to separate as choice or desirable; to cull; +as, to pick one's company; to pick one's way; -- often with out. "One +man picked out of ten thousand." Shak. + +8. To take up; esp., to gather from here and there; to collect; to +bring together; as, to pick rags; -- often with up; as, to pick up a +ball or stones; to pick up information. + +9. To trim. [Obs.] Chaucer. + +To pick at, to tease or vex by pertinacious annoyance. -- To pick a +bone with. See under Bone. -- To pick a thank, to curry favor. [Obs.] +Robynson (More's Utopia). -- To pick off. (a) To pluck; to remove by +picking. (b) To shoot or bring down, one by one; as, sharpshooters pick +off the enemy. -- To pick out. (a) To mark out; to variegate; as, to +pick out any dark stuff with lines or spots of bright colors. (b) To +select from a number or quantity. -- To pick to pieces, to pull apart +piece by piece; hence [Colloq.], to analyze; esp., to criticize in +detail. -- To pick a quarrel, to give occasion of quarrel +intentionally. -- To pick up. (a) To take up, as with the fingers. (b) +To get by repeated efforts; to gather here and there; as, to pick up a +livelihood; to pick up news. + +<! p. 1083 !> + +Pick (?), v. i. 1. To eat slowly, sparingly, or by morsels; to nibble. + + Why stand'st thou picking? Is thy palate sore? + + +Dryden. + +2. To do anything nicely or carefully, or by attending to small things; +to select something with care. + +3. To steal; to pilfer. "To keep my hands from picking and stealing." +Book of Com. Prayer. + +To pick up, to improve by degrees; as, he is picking up in health or +business. [Colloq. U.S.] + +Pick, n. [F. pic a pickax, a pick. See Pick, and cf. Pike.] 1. A +sharp-pointed tool for picking; -- often used in composition; as, a +toothpick; a picklock. + +2. (Mining & Mech.) A heavy iron tool, curved and sometimes pointed at +both ends, wielded by means of a wooden handle inserted in the middle, +-- used by quarrymen, roadmakers, etc.; also, a pointed hammer used for +dressing millstones. + +3. A pike or spike; the sharp point fixed in the center of a buckler. +[Obs.] "Take down my buckler . . . and grind the pick on 't." Beau. & +Fl. + +4. Choice; right of selection; as, to have one's pick. + + France and Russia have the pick of our stables. + + +Ld. Lytton. + +5. That which would be picked or chosen first; the best; as, the pick +of the flock. + +6. (Print.) A particle of ink or paper imbedded in the hollow of a +letter, filling up its face, and occasioning a spot on a printed sheet. +MacKellar. + +7. (Painting) That which is picked in, as with a pointed pencil, to +correct an unevenness in a picture. + +8. (Weawing) The blow which drives the shuttle, -- the rate of speed of +a loom being reckoned as so many picks per minute; hence, in describing +the fineness of a fabric, a weft thread; as, so many picks to an inch. + +Pick dressing (Arch.), in cut stonework, a facing made by a pointed +tool, leaving the surface in little pits or depressions. -- Pick +hammer, a pick with one end sharp and the other blunt, used by miners. + +Pick"a*back` (?), adv. On the back or shoulders; as, to ride pickback. +[Written also pickapack, pickback, and pickpack.] + + A woman stooping to take a child pickaback. + + +R,Jefferies. + +Pick"a*nin`ny (?), n.; pl. Pickaninnies (#). [Cf. Sp. pequeÒo little, +young.] A small child; especially, a negro or mulatto infant. [U.S. & +West Indies] + +Pick"a*pack` (?), adv. Pickaback. + +{ Pick"ax`, Pick"axe` } (?), n. [A corruption of OE. pikois, pikeis, F. +picois, fr. pic. See Pick, n.] A pick with a point at one end, a +transverse edge or blade at the other, and a handle inserted at the +middle; a hammer with a flattened end for driving wedges and a pointed +end for piercing as it strikes. Shak. + +Pick"back` (?), adv. On the back. + +Pick"ed (?), a. 1. Pointed; sharp. "Picked and polished." Chapman. + + Let the stake be made picked at the top. + + +Mortimer. + +2. (Zoˆl.) Having a pike or spine on the back; -- said of certain +fishes. + +3. Carefully selected; chosen; as, picked men. + +4. Fine; spruce; smart; precise; dianty. [Obs.] Shak. + +Picked dogfish. (Zoˆl.) See under Dogfish. -- Picked out, ornamented or +relieved with lines, or the like, of a different, usually a lighter, +color; as, a carriage body dark green, picked out with red. + +Pick"ed*ness (?), n. 1. The state of being sharpened; pointedness. + +2. Fineness; spruceness; smartness. [Obs.] + + Too much pickedness is not manly. + + +B. Jonson. + +Pick*eer" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Pickeered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Pickeering.] [F. picorer to go marauding, orig., to go to steal cattle, +ultimately fr. L. pecus, pecoris, cattle; cf. F. picorÈe, Sp. pecorea +robbery committed by straggling soldiers.] To make a raid for booty; to +maraud; also, to skirmish in advance of an army. See Picaroon. [Obs.] +Bp. Burnet. + +Pick*eer"er (?), n. One who pickeers. [Obs.] + +Pick"er (?), n. [From Pick.] 1. One who, or that which, picks, in any +sense, - - as, one who uses a pick; one who gathers; a thief; a pick; a +pickax; as, a cotton picker. "Pickers and stealers." Shak. + +2. (Mach.) A machine for picking fibrous materials to pieces so as to +loosen and separate the fiber. + +3. (Weaving) The piece in a loom which strikes the end of the shuttle, +and impels it through the warp. + +4. (Ordnance) A priming wire for cleaning the vent. + +Pick"er*el (?), n. [Dim. of Pike.] [Written also pickerell.] 1. A young +or small pike. [Obs.] + + Bet [better] is, quoth he, a pike than a pickerel. + + +Chaucer. + +2. (Zoˆl.) (a) Any one of several species of freshwater fishes of the +genus Esox, esp. the smaller species. (b) The glasseye, or wall-eyed +pike. See Wall-eye. + +The federation, or chain, pickerel (Esox reticulatus) and the brook +pickerel (E. Americanus) are the most common American species. They are +used for food, and are noted for their voracity. About the Great Lakes +the pike is called pickerel. + +Pickerel weed (Bot.), a blue-flowered aquatic plant (Pontederia +cordata) having large arrow-shaped leaves. So called because common in +slow-moving waters where pickerel are often found. + +Pick"er*ing (?), n. [Probably a corruption of Pickerel.] (Zoˆl.) The +sauger of the St.Lawrence River. + +Pick"er*y (?), n. [From Pick to steal; or perhaps from Pickeer.] Petty +theft. [Scot.] Holinshed. + +Pick"et (?), n. [F. piquet, properly dim. of pique spear, pike. See +Pike, and cf. Piquet.] 1. A stake sharpened or pointed, especially one +used in fortification and encampments, to mark bounds and angles; or +one used for tethering horses. + +2. A pointed pale, used in marking fences. + +3. [Probably so called from the picketing of the horses.] (Mil.) A +detached body of troops serving to guard an army from surprise, and to +oppose reconnoitering parties of the enemy; -- called also outlying +picket. + +4. By extension, men appointed by a trades union, or other labor +organization, to intercept outsiders, and prevent them from working for +employers with whom the organization is at variance. [Cant] + +5. A military punishment, formerly resorted to, in which the offender +was forced to stand with one foot on a pointed stake. + +6. A game at cards. See Piquet. + +Inlying picket (Mil.), a detachment of troops held in camp or quarters, +detailed to march if called upon. -- Picket fence, a fence made of +pickets. See def. 2, above. -- Picket guard (Mil.), a guard of horse +and foot, always in readiness in case of alarm. -- Picket line. (Mil.) +(a) A position held and guarded by small bodies of men placed at +intervals. (b) A rope to which horses are secured when groomed. -- +Picketpin, an iron pin for picketing horses. + +Pick"et, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Picketed; p. pr. & vb. n. Picketing.] 1. +To fortify with pointed stakes. + +2. To inclose or fence with pickets or pales. + +3. To tether to, or as to, a picket; as, to picket a horse. + +4. To guard, as a camp or road, by an outlying picket. + +5. To torture by compelling to stand with one foot on a pointed stake. +[Obs.] + +Pick`e*tee" (?), n. (Bot.) See Picotee. + +Pick"-fault` (?), n. One who seeks out faults. + +Pick"ing, n. 1. The act of digging or breaking up, as with a pick. + +2. The act of choosing, plucking, or gathering. + +3. That which is, or may be, picked or gleaned. + +4. Pilfering; also, that which is pilfered. + +5. pl. The pulverized shells of oysters used in making walks. [Eng.] +Simmonds. + +6. (Mining) Rough sorting of ore. + +7. Overburned bricks. Simmonds. + +Pick"ing, a. 1. Done or made as with a pointed tool; as, a picking +sound. + +2. Nice; careful. [Obs.] + + was too warm on picking work to dwell. + + +Dryden. + +Picking peg. (Weaving) See Picker, n., 3. + +Pic"kle (?), n. [Obs.] See Picle. + +Pic"kle, n. [Cf. D. pekel. Probably a dim. fr. Pick, v. t., alluding to +the cleaning of the fish.] 1. (a) A solution of salt and water, in +which fish, meat, etc., may be preserved or corned; brine. (b) Vinegar, +plain or spiced, used for preserving vegetables, fish, eggs, oysters, +etc. + +2. Any article of food which has been preserved in brine or in vinegar. + +3. (Founding) A bath of dilute sulphuric or nitric acid, etc., to +remove burnt sand, scale rust, etc., from the surface of castings, or +other articles of metal, or to brighten them or improve their color. + +4. A troublesome child; as, a little pickle. [Colloq.] + +To be in a pickle, to be in disagreeable position; to be in a condition +of embarrassment, difficulty, or disorder. "How cam'st thou in this +pickle?" Shak. - - To put a rod in pickle, to prepare a particular +reproof, punishment, or penalty for future application. + +Pic"kle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pickled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pickling +(?).] 1. To preserve or season in pickle; to treat with some kind of +pickle; as, to pickle herrings or cucumbers. + +2. To give an antique appearance to; -- said of copies or imitations of +paintings by the old masters. + +Pic"kled (?), a. Preserved in a pickle. + +Pic"kle-her"ring (?), n. 1. A herring preserved in brine; a pickled +herring. [Obs.] Shak. + +2. A merry-andrew; a buffoon. [Obs.] Addison. + +Pic"kler (?), n. One who makes pickles. + +Pick"lock` (?), n. 1. An instrument for picking locks. Shak. + +2. One who picks locks; a thief. "A picklock of secrets." Jer. Taylor. + +Pick"mire` (?), n. [So called from its picking its food from the mire.] +(Zoˆl.) The pewit, or black-headed gull. [Prov. Eng.] + +Pick"nick (?), n. See Picnic. + +Pick"pack` (?), adv. Pickaback. + +Pick"pen`ny (?), n.; pl. Pickpennies (&?;). A miser; also, a sharper. +Dr. H. More. + +Pick"pock`et (?), n. One who steals purses or other articles from +pockets. Bentley. + +Pick"purse` (?), n. One who steals purses, or money from purses. +Latimer. Shak. + +Pick"sy (?), n. See Pixy. + +Pick"thank` (?), n. One who strives to put another under obligation; an +officious person; hence, a flatterer. Used also adjectively. + + Smiling pickthanks, and base newsmongers. + + +Shak. + +Pick"tooth` (?), n. A toothpick. [Obs.] Swift. + +Pi"cle (pk"'l), n. [Prob. fr. pightel or pingle.] A small piece of land +inclosed with a hedge; a close. [Obs.] [Written also pickle.] + +Pic"nic (?), n. [Cf. F. piquenique. See Pick, v., and cf. Knickknack.] +Formerly, an entertainment at which each person contributed some dish +to a common table; now, an excursion or pleasure party in which the +members partake of a collation or repast (usually in the open air, and +from food carried by themselves). + +Pic"nic (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Picnicked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Picnicking (?).] To go on a picnic, or pleasure excursion; to eat in +public fashion. + +Pic"nick*er (?), n. One who takes part in a picnic. + +Pi"coid (?), a. [Picus + - oid.] (Zoˆl.) Like or pertaining to the +Pici. + +Pic"o*line (?), n. [L. pix, picis, pitch + oleum oil + -ine.] (Chem.) +Any one of three isometric bases (C6H7N) related to pyridine, and +obtained from bone oil, acrolein ammonia, and coal-tar naphtha, as +colorless mobile liquids of strong odor; -- called also methyl +pyridine. + +{ Pic`o*tee" (?), Pic`o*tine" (?), } n. [F. picotÈ dotted, picked.] +(Bot.) A variety of carnation having petals of a light color variously +dotted and spotted at the edges. + +Pic"quet (?), n. See Piquet. + +Pi"cra (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?; sharp, bitter.] (Med.) The powder of +aloes with canella, formerly officinal, employed as a cathartic. + +Pi"crate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of picric acid. + +Pi"cric (?), a. [Gr. &?; bitter.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or +designating, a strong organic acid (called picric acid), intensely +bitter. + +Picric acid is obtained by treating phenol with strong nitric acid, as +a brilliant yellow crystalline substance, C6H2(NO2)3.OH. It is used in +dyeing silk and wool, and also in the manufacture of explosives, as it +is very unstable when heated. Called also trinitrophenol, and formerly +carbazotic acid. + +Pic"rite (?), n. [From Gr. &?; bitter.] (Min.) A dark green igneous +rock, consisting largely of chrysolite, with hornblende, augite, +biotite, etc. + +Pic"ro*lite (?), n. [Gr. &?; bitter + -lite.: cf. F. picrolithe.] +(Min.) A fibrous variety of serpentine. + +Pic"ro*mel (?), n. [Gr. &?; bitter + &?; honey: cf. F. picromel.] (Old +Chem.) A colorless viscous substance having a bitter-sweet taste. + +It was formerly supposed to be the essential principle of the bile, but +is now known to be a mixture, principally of salts of glycocholic and +taurocholic acids. + +Pic`ro*tox"in (?), n. [Gr. &?; bitter + toxic + -in.] (Chem.) A bitter +white crystalline substance found in the cocculus indicus. It is a +peculiar poisonous neurotic and intoxicant, and consists of a mixture +of several neutral substances. + +Pi"cryl (?), n. [Picric + - yl.] (Chem.) The hypothetical radical of +picric acid, analogous to phenyl. + +Pict"ish (?), a. Of or pertaining to Picts; resembling the Picts. "The +Pictish peer." Byron. + +Pic"to*graph (?), n. [See Picture, and -graph.] A picture or hieroglyph +representing and expressing an idea. -- Pic`to*graph"ic (#), a. + +Pic*to"ri*al (?), a. [L. pictorius, fr. pictor a painter, fr. pingere +to paint. See Paint.] Of or pertaining to pictures; illustrated by +pictures; forming pictures; representing with the clearness of a +picture; as, a pictorial dictionary; a pictorial imagination. +"Pictorial rhetoric." Ruskin. -- Pic*to"ri*al*ly, adv. + +{ Pic*tor"ic (?), Pic*tor"ic*al (?), } a. Pictorial. [Obs.] + +Picts (?), n. pl.; sing. Pict (&?;). [L. Picti; cf. AS. Peohtas.] +(Ethnol.) A race of people of uncertain origin, who inhabited Scotland +in early times. + +||Pic*tu"ra (?), n. [L., a painting.] (Zoˆl.) Pattern of coloration. + +Pic"tur*a*ble (?), a. Capable of being pictured, or represented by a +picture. + +Pic"tur*al (?), a. Pictorial. [R.] Sir W. Scott. + +Pic"tur*al, n. A picture. [Obs.] Spenser. + +Pic"ture (?), n. [L. pictura, fr. pingere, pictum, to paint: cf. F. +peinture. See Paint.] 1. The art of painting; representation by +painting. [Obs.] + + Any well-expressed image . . . either in picture or sculpture. + + +Sir H. Wotton. + +2. A representation of anything (as a person, a landscape, a building) +upon canvas, paper, or other surface, produced by means of painting, +drawing, engraving, photography, etc.; a representation in colors. By +extension, a figure; a model. + + Pictures and shapes are but secondary objects. + + +Bacon. + + The young king's picture . . . in virgin wax. + + +Howell. + +3. An image or resemblance; a representation, either to the eye or to +the mind; that which, by its likeness, brings vividly to mind some +other thing; as, a child is the picture of his father; the man is the +picture of grief. + + My eyes make pictures when they are shut. + + +Coleridge. + +Picture is often used adjectively, or in forming self-explaining +compounds; as, picture book or picture- book, picture frame or +picture-frame, picture seller or picture-seller, etc. + +Picture gallery, a gallery, or large apartment, devoted to the +exhibition of pictures. -- Picture red, a rod of metal tube fixed to +the walls of a room, from which pictures are hung. -- Picture writing. +(a) The art of recording events, or of expressing messages, by means of +pictures representing the actions or circumstances in question. Tylor. +(b) The record or message so represented; as, the picture writing of +the American Indians. + +Syn. -- Picture, Painting. Every kind of representation by drawing or +painting is a picture, whether made with oil colors, water colors, +pencil, crayons, or India ink; strictly, a painting is a picture made +by means of colored paints, usually applied moist with a brush. + +Pic"ture, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pictured (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Picturing.] +To draw or paint a resemblance of; to delineate; to represent; to form +or present an ideal likeness of; to bring before the mind. "I . . . do +picture it in my mind." Spenser. + + I have not seen him so pictured. + + +Shak. + +Pic"tured (?), a. Furnished with pictures; represented by a picture or +pictures; as, a pictured scene. + +<! p. 1084 !> + +Pic"tur*er (?), n. One who makes pictures; a painter. [R.] Fuller. + +Pic`tur*esque" (?), a. [It. pittoresco: cf. F. pittoresque. See +Pictorial.] Forming, or fitted to form, a good or pleasing picture; +representing with the clearness or ideal beauty appropriate to a +picture; expressing that peculiar kind of beauty which is agreeable in +a picture, natural or artificial; graphic; vivid; as, a picturesque +scene or attitude; picturesque language. + + What is picturesque as placed in relation to the beautiful and the + sublime? It is . . . the characteristic pushed into a sensible + excess. + + +De Quincey. + +-- Pic`tur*esque"ly, adv. -- Pic`tur*esque"ness, n. + +Pic`tur*esqu"ish, a. Somewhat picturesque. [R.] + +Pic"tur*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Picturized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Picturizing.] [R.] 1. To picture. + +2. To adorn with pictures. + +Pic"ul (?), n. [Jav. & Malay pikul, fr. pikul to carry on the back, to +carry a burden; n., a man's burden.] A commercial weight varying in +different countries and for different commodities. In Borneo it is 135 +lbs.; in China and Sumatra, 133Ω lbs.; in Japan, 133 lbs.; but +sometimes 130 lbs., etc. Called also, by the Chinese, tan. [Written +also pecul, and pecal.] + +Pic"u*let (?), n. [Dim. of Picus.] (Zoˆl.) Any species of very small +woodpeckers of the genus Picumnus and allied genera. Their tail +feathers are not stiff and sharp at the tips, as in ordinary +woodpeckers. + +||Pi"cus (?), n.; pl. Pici (#). [L., a woodpecker.] (Zoˆl.) A genus of +||woodpeckers, including some of the common American and European +||species. + +Pid"dle (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Piddled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Piddling +(?).] [Cf. dial. Sw. pittla to keep picking at, Sw. peta to pick.] 1. +To deal in trifles; to concern one's self with trivial matters rather +than with those that are important. Ascham. + +2. To be squeamishly nice about one's food. Swift. + +3. To urinate; -- child's word. + +Pid"dler (?), n. One who piddles. + +Pid"dling (?), a.Trifling; trivial; frivolous; paltry; -- applied to +persons and things. + + The ignoble hucksterage of piddling tithes. + + +Milton. + +Pid"dock (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] (Zoˆl.) Any species of Pholas; a +pholad. See Pholas. + +Pie (?), n. [OE. pie, pye; cf. Ir. & Gael. pighe pie, also Gael. pige +an earthen jar or pot. Cf. Piggin.] 1. An article of food consisting of +paste baked with something in it or under it; as, chicken pie; venison +pie; mince pie; apple pie; pumpkin pie. + +2. See Camp, n., 5. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell. + +Pie crust, the paste of a pie. + +Pie, n. [F. pie, L. pica; cf. picus woodpecker, pingere to paint; the +bird being perhaps named from its colors. Cf. Pi, Paint, Speight.] 1. +(Zoˆl.) (a) A magpie. (b) Any other species of the genus Pica, and of +several allied genera. [Written also pye.] + +2. (R. C. Ch.) The service book. + +3. (Pritn.) Type confusedly mixed. See Pi. + +By cock and pie, an adjuration equivalent to "by God and the service +book." Shak. -- Tree pie (Zoˆl.), any Asiatic bird of the genus +Dendrocitta, allied to the magpie. -- Wood pie. (Zoˆl.) See French pie, +under French. + +Pie, v. t. See Pi. + +Pie"bald` (?), a. [Pie the party- colored bird + bald.] 1. Having spots +and patches of black and white, or other colors; mottled; pied. "A +piebald steed of Thracian strain." Dryden. + +2. Fig.: Mixed. "Piebald languages." Hudibras. + +Piece (?), n. [OE. pece, F. piËce, LL. pecia, petia, petium, probably +of Celtic origin; cf. W. peth a thing, a part, portion, a little, +Armor. pez, Gael. & Ir. cuid part, share. Cf. Petty.] 1. A fragment or +part of anything separated from the whole, in any manner, as by +cutting, splitting, breaking, or tearing; a part; a portion; as, a +piece of sugar; to break in pieces. + + Bring it out piece by piece. + + +Ezek. xxiv. 6. + +2. A definite portion or quantity, as of goods or work; as, a piece of +broadcloth; a piece of wall paper. + +3. Any one thing conceived of as apart from other things of the same +kind; an individual article; a distinct single effort of a series; a +definite performance; especially: (a) A literary or artistic +composition; as, a piece of poetry, music, or statuary. (b) A musket, +gun, or cannon; as, a battery of six pieces; a following piece. (c) A +coin; as, a sixpenny piece; -- formerly applied specifically to an +English gold coin worth 22 shillings. (d) A fact; an item; as, a piece +of news; a piece of knowledge. + +4. An individual; -- applied to a person as being of a certain nature +or quality; often, but not always, used slightingly or in contempt. "If +I had not been a piece of a logician before I came to him." Sir P. +Sidney. + + Thy mother was a piece of virtue. + + +Shak. + + His own spirit is as unsettled a piece as there is in all the + world. + + +Coleridge. + +5. (Chess) One of the superior men, distinguished from a pawn. + +6. A castle; a fortified building. [Obs.] Spenser. + +Of a piece, of the same sort, as if taken from the same whole; like; -- +sometimes followed by with. Dryden. -- Piece of eight, the Spanish +piaster, formerly divided into eight reals. -- To give a piece of one's +mind to, to speak plainly, bluntly, or severely to (another). +Thackeray. -- Piece broker, one who buys shreds and remnants of cloth +to sell again. -- Piece goods, goods usually sold by pieces or fixed +portions, as shirtings, calicoes, sheetings, and the like. + +Piece, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pieced (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Piecing (?).] 1. +To make, enlarge, or repair, by the addition of a piece or pieces; to +patch; as, to piece a garment; -- often with out. Shak. + +2. To unite; to join; to combine. Fuller. + + His adversaries . . . pieced themselves together in a joint + opposition against him. + + +Fuller. + +Piece (?), v. i. To unite by a coalescence of parts; to fit together; +to join. "It pieced better." Bacon. + +Piece"less, a. Not made of pieces; whole; entire. + +Piece"ly, adv. In pieces; piecemeal. [Obs.] + +Piece"meal` (?), adv. [OE. pecemele; pece a piece + AS. m&?;lum, dat. +pl. of m&?;l part. See Meal a portion.] 1. In pieces; in parts or +fragments. "On which it piecemeal brake." Chapman. + + The beasts will tear thee piecemeal. + + +Tennyson. + +2. Piece by piece; by little and little in succession. + + Piecemeal they win, this acre first, than that. + + +Pope. + +Piece"meal`, a. Made up of parts or pieces; single; separate. "These +piecemeal guilts." Gov. of Tongue. + +Piece"meal`, n. A fragment; a scrap. R. Vaughan. + +Piece"mealed` (?), a. Divided into pieces. + +Piece"ner (?), n. 1. One who supplies rolls of wool to the slubbing +machine in woolen mills. + +2. Same as Piecer, 2. + +Pie"cer (?), n. 1. One who pieces; a patcher. + +2. A child employed in spinning mill to tie together broken threads. + +Piece"work` (?), n. Work done by the piece or job; work paid for at a +rate based on the amount of work done, rather than on the time +employed. + + The reaping was piecework, at so much per acre. + + +R. Jefferies. + +Pied (?), imp. & p. p. of Pi, or Pie, v. + +Pied (?), a. [From Pie the party- colored bird.] Variegated with spots +of different colors; party- colored; spotted; piebald. "Pied coats." +Burton. "Meadows trim with daisies pied." Milton. + +Pied antelope (Zoˆl.), the bontebok. -- Pied-billed grebe (Zoˆl.), the +dabchick. -- Pied blackbird (Zoˆl.), any Asiatic thrush of the genus +Turdulus. -- Pied finch (Zoˆl.) (a) The chaffinch. (b) The snow +bunting. [Prov. Eng.] -- Pied flycatcher (Zoˆl.), a common European +flycatcher (Ficedula atricapilla). The male is black and white. + +Pied"mont (?), a. [F. pied foot + mont mountain.] (Geol.) Noting the +region of foothills near the base of a mountain chain. + +Pied"mont*ite (?), n. (Min.) A manganesian kind of epidote, from +Piedmont. See Epidote. + +Pied"ness (?), n. The state of being pied. Shak. + +||PiÈ`douche" (?), n. [F., fr. It. peduccio console, corbel.] A +||pedestal of small size, used to support small objects, as busts, +||vases, and the like. + +Pied"stall (?), n. See Pedestal. [Obs.] + +Pie"man (?), n.; pl. Piemen (&?;). A man who makes or sells pies. + +Piend (?), n. [Cf. Dan. pind a peg.] See Peen. + +||Pi*e"no (?), a. [It., fr. L. plenus full.] (Mus.) Full; having all +||the instruments. + +Pie"plant` (?), n. (Bot.) A plant (Rheum Rhaponticum) the leafstalks of +which are acid, and are used in making pies; the garden rhubarb. + +{ Pie"pou`dre, Pie"pow`der } (?), n. [Lit., dustyfoot, i. e., +dusty-footed dealers, fr. F. pied foot + poudreux dusty.] (O. Eng. Law) +An ancient court of record in England, formerly incident to every fair +and market, of which the steward of him who owned or had the toll was +the judge. Blackstone. + +Pier (?), n. [OE. pere, OF. piere a stone, F. pierre, fr. L. petra, Gr. +&?;. Cf. Petrify.] 1. (Arch.) (a) Any detached mass of masonry, whether +insulated or supporting one side of an arch or lintel, as of a bridge; +the piece of wall between two openings. (b) Any additional or auxiliary +mass of masonry used to stiffen a wall. See Buttress. + +2. A projecting wharf or landing place. + +Abutment pier, the pier of a bridge next the shore; a pier which by its +strength and stability resists the thrust of an arch. -- Pier glass, a +mirror, of high and narrow shape, to be put up between windows. -- Pier +table, a table made to stand between windows. + +Pier"age (?), n. Same as Wharfage. Smart. + +Pierce (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pierced (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Piercing +(?).] [OE. percen, F. percer, OF. percier, perchier, parchier; perh. +fr. (assumed) LL. pertusiare for pertusare, fr. L. pertundere, +pertusum, to beat, push, bore through; per through + tundere to beat: +cf. OF. pertuisier to pierce, F. pertuis a hole. Cf. Contuse, Parch, +Pertuse.] 1. To thrust into, penetrate, or transfix, with a pointed +instrument. "I pierce . . . her tender side." Dryden. + +2. To penetrate; to enter; to force a way into or through; to pass into +or through; as, to pierce the enemy's line; a shot pierced the ship. + +3. Fig.: To penetrate; to affect deeply; as, to pierce a mystery. +"Pierced with grief." Pope. + + Can no prayers pierce thee? + + +Shak. + +Pierce, v. i. To enter; to penetrate; to make a way into or through +something, as a pointed instrument does; -- used literally and +figuratively. + + And pierced to the skin, but bit no more. + + +Spenser. + + She would not pierce further into his meaning. + + +Sir P. Sidney. + +Pierce"a*ble (?), a. That may be pierced. + +Pierced (?), a. Penetrated; entered; perforated. + +Pier"cel (?), n. [Cf. F. perce.] A kind of gimlet for making vents in +casks; -- called also piercer. + +Pier"cer (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, pierces or perforates; +specifically: (a) An instrument used in forming eyelets; a stiletto. +(b) A piercel. + +2. (Zoˆl.) (a) The ovipositor, or sting, of an insect. (b) An insect +provided with an ovipositor. + +Pier"cing (?), a. Forcibly entering, or adapted to enter, at or by a +point; perforating; penetrating; keen; -- used also figuratively; as, a +piercing instrument, or thrust. "Piercing eloquence." Shak. + +-- Pier"cing*ly, adv. -- Pier"cing*ness, n. + +Pi*e"ri*an (?), a. [L. Pierius, from Mount Pierus, in Thessaly, sacred +to the Muses.] Of or pertaining to Pierides or Muses. + + Drink deep, or taste not the Pierian spring. + + +Pope. + +Pi"er*id (?), n. [See Peirides.] (Zoˆl.) Any butterfly of the genus +Pieris and related genera. See Cabbage butterfly, under Cabbage. + +||Pi*er"i*des (?), n. pl. [L., fr. Gr. &?;. See Pierian.] (Class. +||Myth.) The Muses. + +Pi"et (p"t), n. [Dim. of Pie a magpie: cf. F. piette a smew.] (Zoˆl.) +(a) The dipper, or water ouzel. [Scot.] (b) The magpie. [Prov.Eng.] + +Jay piet (Zoˆl.), the European jay. [Prov.Eng.] -- Sea piet (Zoˆl.), +the oyster catcher. [Prov.Eng.] + +||Pi*e*t‡" (p**t‰"), n. [It.] (Fine Arts) A representation of the dead +||Christ, attended by the Virgin Mary or by holy women and angels. +||Mollett. + +Pi"e*tism (p"*tz'm), n. [Cf. G. pietismus, F. piÈtisme.] 1. The +principle or practice of the Pietists. + +2. Strict devotion; also, affectation of devotion. + + The Schˆne Seele, that ideal of gentle pietism, in "Wilhelm + Meister." + + +W. Pater. + +Pi"e*tist (?), n. [Cf. G. pietist, F. piÈtiste. See Piety.] (Eccl. +Hist.) One of a class of religious reformers in Germany in the 17th +century who sought to revive declining piety in the Protestant +churches; -- often applied as a term of reproach to those who make a +display of religious feeling. Also used adjectively. + +{ Pi`e*tis"tic (?), Pi`e*tis"tic*al (?), } a. Of or pertaining to the +Pietists; hence, in contempt, affectedly or demonstratively religious. +Addison. + +||Pi*e"tra du"ra (?). [It., hard stone.] (Fine Arts) Hard and fine +||stones in general, such as are used for inlay and the like, as +||distinguished from the softer stones used in building; thus, a +||Florentine mosaic is a familiar instance of work in pietra dura, +||though the ground may be soft marble. + +Pi"e*ty (?), n. [F. piÈtÈ; cf. It. piet‡; both fr. L. pietas piety, fr. +pius pious. See Pious, and cf. Pity.] 1. Veneration or reverence of the +Supreme Being, and love of his character; loving obedience to the will +of God, and earnest devotion to his service. + + Piety is the only proper and adequate relief of decaying man. + + +Rambler. + +2. Duty; dutifulness; filial reverence and devotion; affectionate +reverence and service shown toward parents, relatives, benefactors, +country, etc. + + Conferred upon me for the piety Which to my country I was judged to + have shown. + + +Milton. + +Syn. -- Religion; sanctity; devotion; godliness; holiness. See +Religion. + +Pie"wipe` (?), n. [So called from its note.] (Zoˆl.) The lapwing, or +pewit. [Prov. Eng.] + +Pi`e*zom"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. &?; to press + -meter: cf. F. piÈzomËtre.] +1. (Physics) An instrument for measuring the compressibility of +liquids. + +2. (Physics) A gauge connected with a water main to show the pressure +at that point. + +{ ||Pif"fe*ro (?), ||Pif"fa*ra (?), } n. [It. piffero.] (Mus.) A fife; +also, a rude kind of oboe or a bagpipe with an inflated skin for +reservoir. + +Pig (?), n. A piggin. [Written also pigg.] + +Pig, n. [Cf. D. big, bigge, LG. bigge, also Dan. pige girl, Sw. piga, +Icel. pka.] 1. The young of swine, male or female; also, any swine; a +hog. "Two pigges in a poke." Chaucer. + +2. (Zoˆl.) Any wild species of the genus Sus and related genera. + +3. [Cf. Sow a channel for melted iron.] An oblong mass of cast iron, +lead, or other metal. See Mine pig, under Mine. + +4. One who is hoggish; a greedy person. [Low] + +Masked pig. (Zoˆl.) See under Masked. -- Pig bed (Founding), the bed of +sand in which the iron from a smelting furnace is cast into pigs. -- +Pig iron, cast iron in pigs, or oblong blocks or bars, as it comes from +the smelting furnace. See Pig, 4. -- Pig yoke (Naut.), a nickname for a +quadrant or sextant. -- A pig in a poke (that is, bag), a blind +bargain; something bought or bargained for, without the quality or the +value being known. [Colloq.] + +Pig, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Pigged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pigging (?).] +1. To bring forth (pigs); to bring forth in the manner of pigs; to +farrow. + +2. To huddle or lie together like pigs, in one bed. + +Pi"geon (?), n. [F., fr. L. pipio a young pipping or chirping bird, fr. +pipire to peep, chirp. Cf. Peep to chirp.] 1. (Zoˆl.) Any bird of the +order ColumbÊ, of which numerous species occur in nearly all parts of +the world. + +The common domestic pigeon, or dove, was derived from the Old World +rock pigeon (Columba livia). It has given rise to numerous very +remarkable varieties, such as the carrier, fantail, nun, pouter, +tumbler, etc. The common wild pigeons of the Eastern United States are +the passenger pigeon, and the Carolina dove. See under Passenger, and +Dove. See, also, Fruit pigeon, Ground pigeon, Queen pigeon, Stock +pigeon, under Fruit, Ground, etc. + +2. An unsuspected victim of sharpers; a gull. [Slang] + +Blue pigeon (Zoˆl.), an Australian passerine bird (Graucalus melanops); +-- called also black-faced crow. -- Green pigeon (Zoˆl.), any one of +numerous species of Old World pigeons belonging to the family +TreronidÊ. -- Imperial pigeon (Zoˆl.), any one of the large Asiatic +fruit pigeons of the genus Carpophada. - - Pigeon berry (Bot.), the +purplish black fruit of the pokeweed; also, the plant itself. See +Pokeweed. -- Pigeon English [perhaps a corruption of business English], +an extraordinary and grotesque dialect, employed in the commercial +cities of China, as the medium of communication between foreign +merchants and the Chinese. Its base is English, with a mixture of +Portuguese and Hindoostanee. Johnson's Cyc. -- Pigeon grass (Bot.), a +kind of foxtail grass (Setaria glauca), of some value as fodder. The +seeds are eagerly eaten by pigeons and other birds. - - Pigeon hawk. +(Zoˆl.) (a) A small American falcon (Falco columbarius). The adult male +is dark slate-blue above, streaked with black on the back; beneath, +whitish or buff, streaked with brown. The tail is banded. (b) The +American sharp- shinned hawk (Accipiter velox, or fuscus). -- Pigeon +hole. (a) A hole for pigeons to enter a pigeon house. (b) See +Pigeonhole. (c) pl. An old English game, in which balls were rolled +through little arches. Halliwell. -- Pigeon house, a dovecote. -- +Pigeon pea (Bot.), the seed of Cajanus Indicus; a kind of pulse used +for food in the East and West Indies; also, the plant itself. -- Pigeon +plum (Bot.), the edible drupes of two West African species of +Chrysobalanus (C. ellipticus and C. luteus). -- Pigeon tremex. (Zoˆl.) +See under Tremex. -- Pigeon wood (Bot.), a name in the West Indies for +the wood of several very different kinds of trees, species of Dipholis, +Diospyros, and Coccoloba. -- Pigeon woodpecker (Zoˆl.), the flicker. -- +Prairie pigeon. (Zoˆl.) (a) The upland plover. (b) The golden plover. +[Local, U.S.] + +<! p. 1085 !> + +Pi"geon (?), v. t. To pluck; to fleece; to swindle by tricks in +gambling. [Slang] Smart. + + He's pigeoned and undone. + + +Observer. + +Pi"geon-breast`ed (?), a. Having a breast like a pigeon, -- the sternum +being so prominent as to constitute a deformity; chicken-breasted. + +Pi"geon*foot` (?), n. (Bot.) The dove's-foot geranium (Geranium molle). + +Pi"geon-heart`ed (?), a. Timid; easily frightened; chicken-hearted. +Beau. & Fl. + +Pi"geon*hole` (?), n. A small compartment in a desk or case for the +keeping of letters, documents, etc.; -- so called from the resemblance +of a row of them to the compartments in a dovecote. Burke. + +Pi"geon*hole`, v. t. To place in the pigeonhole of a case or cabinet; +hence, to put away; to lay aside indefinitely; as, to pigeonhole a +letter or a report. + +Pi"geon-liv`ered (?), a. Pigeon- hearted. + +Pi"geon*ry (?), n. A place for pigeons; a dovecote. + +Pi"geon*toed` (?), a. Having the toes turned in. + +Pig"-eyed` (?), a. Having small, deep-set eyes. + +Pig"fish` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) (a) Any one of several species of salt-water +grunts; -- called also hogfish. (b) A sculpin. The name is also applied +locally to several other fishes. + +Pig"foot` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) A marine fish (ScorpÊna porcus), native of +Europe. It is reddish brown, mottled with dark brown and black. + +Pigg (?), n. A piggin. See 1st Pig. Sir W. Scott. + +Pig"ger*y (?), n.; pl. Piggeries (&?;). A place where swine are kept. + +Pig"gin (?), n. [Scot.; cf. Gael. pigean, dim. of pigeadh, pige, an +earthen jar, pitcher, or pot, Ir. pigin, pighead, W. piccyn.] A small +wooden pail or tub with an upright stave for a handle, -- often used as +a dipper. + +Pig"gish (?), a. Relating to, or like, a pig; greedy. + +Pig"-head`ed (?), a. Having a head like a pig; hence, figuratively: +stupidity obstinate; perverse; stubborn. B. Jonson. -- +Pig"-head`ed*ness, n. + +Pight (?), imp. & p. p. of Pitch, to throw; -- used also adjectively. +Pitched; fixed; determined. [Obs.] + + [His horse] pight him on the pommel of his head. + + +Chaucer. + + I found him pight to do it. + + +Shak. + +Pigh"tel (?), n. [Cf. Pight, Picle.] A small inclosure. [Written also +pightle.] [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] + +Pig"-jawed` (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Having the upper jaw projecting beyond the +lower, with the upper incisors in advance of the lower; -- said of +dogs. + +Pig*me"an (?), a. See Pygmean. + +Pig"ment (?), n. [L. pigmentum, fr. the root of pingere to paint: cf. +F. pigment. See Paint, and cf. Pimento, Orpiment.] 1. Any material from +which a dye, a paint, or the like, may be prepared; particularly, the +refined and purified coloring matter ready for mixing with an +appropriate vehicle. + +2. (Physiol.) Any one of the colored substances found in animal and +vegetable tissues and fluids, as bilirubin, urobilin, chlorophyll, etc. + +3. Wine flavored with species and honey. Sir W. Scott. + +Pigment cell (Physiol.), a small cell containing coloring matter, as +the pigmented epithelial cells of the choroid and iris, or the +pigmented connective tissue cells in the skin of fishes, reptiles, etc. + +{ Pig*men"tal (?), Pig"men*ta*ry (?), } a. Of or pertaining to +pigments; furnished with pigments. Dunglison. + +Pigmentary degeneration (Med.), a morbid condition in which an undue +amount of pigment is deposited in the tissues. + +Pig`men*ta"tion (?), n. (Physiol.) A deposition, esp. an excessive +deposition, of coloring matter; as, pigmentation of the liver. + +Pig"ment*ed (?), a. Colored; specifically (Biol.), filled or imbued +with pigment; as, pigmented epithelial cells; pigmented granules. + +Pig*men"tous (?), a. Pigmental. + +Pig"my (?), n. See Pygmy. + +Pigmy falcon. (Zoˆl.) Same as Falconet, 2 (a). + +Pig"ner*ate (?), v. t. [L. pigneratus, p. p. of pignerate to pledge.] +1. To pledge or pawn. [Obs.] + +2. to receive in pawn, as a pawnbroker does. [Obs.] + +Pig`no*ra"tion (?), n. [LL. pignoratio, L. pigneratio, fr. pignerate to +pledge, fr. pignus, gen. -ous and -eris, a pledge, a pawn: cf. F. +pignoration.] 1. The act of pledging or pawning. + +2. (Civil Law) The taking of cattle doing damage, by way of pledge, +till satisfaction is made. Burrill. + +Pig"no*ra*tive (?), a. [Cf. F. pignoratif.] Pledging, pawning. [R.] + +||Pig"nus (?), n.; pl. Pignora (#). [L.] (Rom. Law) A pledge or pawn. + +Pig"nut (?), n. (Bot.) (a) See Groundnut (d). (b) The bitter- flavored +nut of a species of hickory (Carya glabra, or porcina); also, the tree +itself. + +Pig"pen` (?), n. A pen, or sty, for pigs. + +Pig"skin` (?), n. The skin of a pig, -- used chiefly for making +saddles; hence, a colloquial or slang term for a saddle. + +Pigs"ney (?), n. [Perh. a dim. of Dan. pige a girl, or Sw. piga; or +from E. pig's eye.] A word of endearment for a girl or woman. [Obs.] +[Written also pigsnie, pigsny, etc.] Chaucer. + +Pig"-stick`ing (?), n. Boar hunting; -- so called by Anglo-Indians. +[Colloq.] Tackeray. + +Pig"sty` (?), n.; pl. Pigsties (&?;). A pigpen. + +Pig"tail` (?), n. 1. The tail of a pig. + +2. (Hair Dressing) A cue, or queue. J. & H. Smith. + +3. A kind of twisted chewing tobacco. + + The tobacco he usually cheweth, called pigtail. + + +Swift. + +Pig"tailed` (?), a. Having a tail like a pig's; as, the pigtailed +baboon. + +Pig"weed` (?), n. (Bot.) A name of several annual weeds. See Goosefoot, +and Lamb's- quarters. + +Pig"wid`geon (?), n. [Written also pigwidgin and pigwiggen.] A cant +word for anything petty or small. It is used by Drayton as the name of +a fairy. + +Pi"ka (?), n. (Zoˆl.) Any one of several species of rodents of the +genus Lagomys, resembling small tailless rabbits. They inhabit the high +mountains of Asia and America. Called also calling hare, and crying +hare. See Chief hare. + +Pike (?), n. [F. pique; perhaps of Celtic origin; cf. W. pig a prick, a +point, beak, Arm. pik pick. But cf. also L. picus woodpecker (see Pie +magpie), and E. spike. Cf. Pick, n. & v., Peak, Pique.] 1. (Mil.) A +foot soldier's weapon, consisting of a long wooden shaft or staff, with +a pointed steel head. It is now superseded by the bayonet. + +2. A pointed head or spike; esp., one in the center of a shield or +target. Beau. & Fl. + +3. A hayfork. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Tusser. + +4. A pick. [Prov. Eng.] Wright. Raymond. + +5. A pointed or peaked hill. [R.] + +6. A large haycock. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell. + +7. A turnpike; a toll bar. Dickens. + +8. (Zoˆl.) sing. & pl. A large fresh-water fish (Esox lucius), found in +Europe and America, highly valued as a food fish; -- called also +pickerel, gedd, luce, and jack. + +Blue pike, grass pike, green pike, wall-eyed pike, and yellow pike, are +names, not of true pike, but of the wall-eye. See Wall-eye. + +Gar pike. See under Gar. -- Pike perch (Zoˆl.), any fresh-water fish of +the genus Stizostedion (formerly Lucioperca). See Wall-eye, and Sauger. +-- Pike pole, a long pole with a pike in one end, used in directing +floating logs. -- Pike whale (Zoˆl.), a finback whale of the North +Atlantic (BalÊnoptera rostrata), having an elongated snout; -- called +also piked whale. -- Sand pike (Zoˆl.), the lizard fish. -- Sea pike +(Zoˆl.), the garfish (a). + +Piked (?), a. Furnished with a pike; ending in a point; peaked; +pointed. "With their piked targets bearing them down." Milton. + +Pike`-de*vant" (?), n. [Pike point (fr. F. pique) + F. devant before.] +A pointed beard. [Obs.] + +{ Pike"let (?), Pike"lin (?), } n. A light, thin cake or muffin. [Prov. +Eng.] Wright. + +Pike"man (?), n.; pl. Pikeman (&?;). 1. A soldier armed with a pike. +Knolles. + +2. A miner who works with a pick. Beaconsfield. + +3. A keeper of a turnpike gate. T. Hughes. + +Pike"staff` (?), n. 1. The staff, or shaft, of a pike. + +2. A staff with a spike in the lower end, to guard against slipping. +Sir W. Scott. + +Pike"tail` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) See Pintail, 1. + +Pik"ro*lite (?), n. (Min.) See Picrolite. + +Pi"lage (?), n. See Pelage. + +Pi*las"ter (?), n. [F. pilastre, It. pilastro, LL. pilastrum, fr. L. +pila a pillar. See Pillar.] (Arch.) An upright architectural member +right-angled in plan, constructionally a pier (See Pier, 1 (b)), but +architecturally corresponding to a column, having capital, shaft, and +base to agree with those of the columns of the same order. In most +cases the projection from the wall is one third of its width, or less. + +Pi*las"tered (?), a. Furnished with pilasters. + +||Pi*lau" (?), n. See Pillau. + +Pilch (?), n. [AS. pylce, pylece, LL. pellicia. See Pelisse, and Pelt +skin.] A gown or case of skin, or one trimmed or lined with fur. [Obs.] + +Pil"chard (?), n. [Cf. It. pilseir, W. pilcod minnows.] (Zoˆl.) A small +European food fish (Clupea pilchardus) resembling the herring, but +thicker and rounder. It is sometimes taken in great numbers on the +coast of England. + + Fools are as like husbands as pilchards are to herrings. + + +Shak. + +Pilch"er (?), n. [From Pilch.] A scabbard, as of a sword. [Obs.] Shak. + +Pilch"er, n. (Zoˆl.) The pilchard. + +Pil"crow (?), n. [A corruption of Paragraph.] (Print.) a paragraph +mark, ∂. [Obs.] Tusser. + +Pile (?), n. [L. pilus hair. Cf. Peruke.] 1. A hair; hence, the fiber +of wool, cotton, and the like; also, the nap when thick or heavy, as of +carpeting and velvet. + + Velvet soft, or plush with shaggy pile. + + +Cowper. + +2. (Zoˆl.) A covering of hair or fur. + +Pile, n. [L. pilum javelin. See Pile a stake.] The head of an arrow or +spear. [Obs.] Chapman. + +Pile, n. [AS. pl arrow, stake, L. pilum javelin; but cf. also L. pila +pillar.] 1. A large stake, or piece of timber, pointed and driven into +the earth, as at the bottom of a river, or in a harbor where the ground +is soft, for the support of a building, a pier, or other +superstructure, or to form a cofferdam, etc. + +Tubular iron piles are now much used. + +2. [Cf. F. pile.] (Her.) One of the ordinaries or subordinaries having +the form of a wedge, usually placed palewise, with the broadest end +uppermost. + +Pile bridge, a bridge of which the roadway is supported on piles. -- +Pile cap, a beam resting upon and connecting the heads of piles. -- +Pile driver, or Pile engine, an apparatus for driving down piles, +consisting usually of a high frame, with suitable appliances for +raising to a height (by animal or steam power, the explosion of +gunpowder, etc.) a heavy mass of iron, which falls upon the pile. -- +Pile dwelling. See Lake dwelling, under Lake. -- Pile plank (Hydraul. +Eng.), a thick plank used as a pile in sheet piling. See Sheet piling, +under Piling. -- Pneumatic pile. See under Pneumatic. -- Screw pile, +one with a screw at the lower end, and sunk by rotation aided by +pressure. + +Pile, v. t. To drive piles into; to fill with piles; to strengthen with +piles. + +To sheet-pile, to make sheet piling in or around. See Sheet piling, +under 2nd Piling. + +Pile, n. [F. pile, L. pila a pillar, a pier or mole of stone. Cf. +Pillar.] 1. A mass of things heaped together; a heap; as, a pile of +stones; a pile of wood. + +2. A mass formed in layers; as, a pile of shot. + +3. A funeral pile; a pyre. Dryden. + +4. A large building, or mass of buildings. + + The pile o'erlooked the town and drew the fight. + + +Dryden. + +5. (Iron Manuf.) Same as Fagot, n., 2. + +6. (Elec.) A vertical series of alternate disks of two dissimilar +metals, as copper and zinc, laid up with disks of cloth or paper +moistened with acid water between them, for producing a current of +electricity; -- commonly called Volta's pile, voltaic pile, or galvanic +pile. + +The term is sometimes applied to other forms of apparatus designed to +produce a current of electricity, or as synonymous with battery; as, +for instance, to an apparatus for generating a current of electricity +by the action of heat, usually called a thermopile. + +7. [F. pile pile, an engraved die, L. pila a pillar.] The reverse of a +coin. See Reverse. + +Cross and pile. See under Cross. -- Dry pile. See under Dry. + +Pile, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Piled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Piling.] 1. To lay +or throw into a pile or heap; to heap up; to collect into a mass; to +accumulate; to amass; -- often with up; as, to pile up wood. "Hills +piled on hills." Dryden. "Life piled on life." Tennyson. + + The labor of an age in piled stones. + + +Milton. + +2. To cover with heaps; or in great abundance; to fill or overfill; to +load. + +To pile arms or muskets (Mil.), to place three guns together so that +they may stand upright, supporting each other; to stack arms. + +{ Pi"le*ate (?), Pi"le*a`ted (?), } a. [L. pileatus, fr. pileus a felt +cap or hat.] 1. Having the form of a cap for the head. + +2. (Zoˆl.) Having a crest covering the pileus, or whole top of the +head. + +Pileated woodpecker (Zoˆl.), a large American woodpecker (Ceophloeus +pileatus). It is black, with a bright red pointed crest. Called also +logcock, and woodcock. + +Piled (?), a. [From 2d Pile.] Having a pile or point; pointed. [Obs.] +"Magus threw a spear well piled." Chapman. + +Piled, a. [From 1d Pile.] Having a pile or nap. "Three-piled velvet." +L. Barry (1611). + +Piled, a. [From 6d Pile.] (Iron Manuf.) Formed from a pile or fagot; +as, piled iron. + +Pi*le"i*form (?), a. [Pileus + -form.] Having the form of a pileus or +cap; pileate. + +Pile"ment (?), n. [From Pile to lay into a heap.] An accumulation; a +heap. [Obs.] Bp. Hall. + +<! p. 1086 !> + +||Pi*len"tum (?), n.; pl. Pilenta (#). [L.] (Rom. Antiq.) An easy +||chariot or carriage, used by Roman ladies, and in which the vessels, +||etc., for sacred rites were carried. + +||Pi`le*o*rhi"za (?), n.; pl. PilorhizÊ (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a cap + +||&?; root.] (Bot.) A cap of cells which covers the growing extremity +||of a root; a rootcap. + +Pi"le*ous (?), a. [See Pilous.] Consisting of, or covered with, hair; +hairy; pilose. + +Pil"er (?), n. One who places things in a pile. + +Piles (?), n. pl. [L. pila a ball. Cf. Pill a medicine.] (Med.) The +small, troublesome tumors or swellings about the anus and lower part of +the rectum which are technically called hemorrhoids. See Hemorrhoids. +[The singular pile is sometimes used.] + +Blind piles, hemorrhoids which do not bleed. + +Pi"le*us (?), n.; pl. Pilei (#). [L., a felt cap.] 1. (Rom. Antiq.) A +kind of skull cap of felt. + +2. (Bot.) The expanded upper portion of many of the fungi. See +Mushroom. + +3. (Zoˆl.) The top of the head of a bird, from the bill to the nape. + +Pile"worm` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) The teredo. + +Pile"-worn` (?), a. Having the pile worn off; threadbare. + +Pile"wort` (?), n. (Bot.) A plant (Ranunculus Ficaria of LinnÊus) whose +tuberous roots have been used in poultices as a specific for the piles. +Forsyth. + +Pil"fer (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Pilfered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Pilfering.] [OF. pelfrer. See Pelf.] To steal in small quantities, or +articles of small value; to practice petty theft. + +Pil"fer, v. t. To take by petty theft; to filch; to steal little by +little. + + And not a year but pilfers as he goes Some youthful grace that age + would gladly keep. + + +Cowper. + +Pil"fer*er (?), n. One who pilfers; a petty thief. + +Pil"fer*ing, a. Thieving in a small way. Shak. -- n. Petty theft. -- +Pil"fer*ing*ly, adv. + +Pil"fer*y (?), n. Petty theft. [R.] Sir T. North. + +Pil*gar"lic (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] One who has lost his hair by +disease; a sneaking fellow, or one who is hardly used. + +Pil"grim (?), n. [OE. pilgrim, pelgrim, pilegrim, pelegrim; cf. D. +pelgrim, OHG. piligrm, G. pilger, F. pËlerin, It. pellegrino; all fr. +L. peregrinus a foreigner, fr. pereger abroad; per through + ager land, +field. See Per-, and Acre, and cf. Pelerine, Peregrine.] 1. A wayfarer; +a wanderer; a traveler; a stranger. + + Strangers and pilgrims on the earth. + + +Heb. xi. 13. + +2. One who travels far, or in strange lands, to visit some holy place +or shrine as a devotee; as, a pilgrim to Loretto; Canterbury pilgrims. +See Palmer. P. Plowman. + +Pil"grim, a. Of or pertaining to a pilgrim, or pilgrims; making +pilgrimages. "With pilgrim steps." Milton. + +Pilgrim fathers, a name popularly given to the one hundred and two +English colonists who landed from the Mayflower and made the first +settlement in New England at Plymouth in 1620. They were separatists +from the Church of England, and most of them had sojourned in Holland. + +Pil"grim, v. i. To journey; to wander; to ramble. [R.] Grew. Carlyle. + +Pil"grim*age (?), n. [OE. pilgrimage, pelgrinage; cf. F. pËlerinage.] +1. The journey of a pilgrim; a long journey; especially, a journey to a +shrine or other sacred place. Fig., the journey of human life. Shak. + + The days of the years of my pilgrimage. + + +Gen. xlvii. 9. + +2. A tedious and wearisome time. + + In prison hast thou spent a pilgrimage. + + +Shak. + +Syn. -- Journey; tour; excursion. See Journey. + +Pil"grim*ize (?), v. i. To wander as a pilgrim; to go on a pilgrimage. +[Obs.] B. Jonson. + +||Pi*lid"i*um (?), n.; pl. Pildia (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, dim. of &?; a +||cap.] (Zoˆl.) The free-swimming, hat-shaped larva of certain +||nemertean worms. It has no resemblance to its parent, and the young +||worm develops in its interior. + +||Pi*lif"e*ra (?), n. pl. [NL. See Piliferous.] (Zoˆl.) Same as +||Mammalia. + +Pi*lif"er*ous (?), a. [L. pilus hair + -ferous: cf. F. pilifËre.] 1. +Bearing a single slender bristle, or hair. + +2. Beset with hairs. + +Pil"i*form (?), a. [L. pilus hair + -form.] (Bot.) Resembling hairs or +down. + +Pi*lig"er*ous (?), a. [L. pilus hair + -gerous: cf. F. piligËre.] +Bearing hair; covered with hair or down; piliferous. + +Pil"ing (?), n. [See Pile a heap.] 1. The act of heaping up. + +2. (Iron Manuf.) The process of building up, heating, and working, +fagots, or piles, to form bars, etc. + +Pil"ing, n. [See Pile a stake.] A series of piles; piles considered +collectively; as, the piling of a bridge. + +Pug piling, sheet piles connected together at the edges by dovetailed +tongues and grooves. -- Sheet piling, a series of piles made of planks +or half logs driven edge to edge, -- used to form the walls of +cofferdams, etc. + +Pill (?), n. [Cf. Peel skin, or Pillion.] The peel or skin. [Obs.] +"Some be covered over with crusts, or hard pills, as the locusts." +Holland. + +Pill, v. i. To be peeled; to peel off in flakes. + +Pill, v. t. [Cf. L. pilare to deprive of hair, and E. pill, n. +(above).] 1. To deprive of hair; to make bald. [Obs.] + +2. To peel; to make by removing the skin. + + [Jacob] pilled white streaks . . . in the rods. + + +Gen. xxx. 37. + +Pill (?), v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Pilled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Pilling.] [F. piller, L. pilare; cf. It. pigliare to take. Cf. Peel to +plunder.] To rob; to plunder; to pillage; to peel. See Peel, to +plunder. [Obs.] Spenser. + + Pillers and robbers were come in to the field to pill and to rob. + + +Sir T. Malroy. + +Pill (?), n. [F. pilute, L. pilula a pill, little ball, dim. of L. pila +a ball. Cf. Piles.] 1. A medicine in the form of a little ball, or +small round mass, to be swallowed whole. + +2. Figuratively, something offensive or nauseous which must be accepted +or endured. Udall. + +Pill beetle (Zoˆl.), any small beetle of the genus Byrrhus, having a +rounded body, with the head concealed beneath the thorax. -- Pill bug +(Zoˆl.), any terrestrial isopod of the genus Armadillo, having the +habit of rolling itself into a ball when disturbed. Called also pill +wood louse. + +Pil"lage (?), n. [F., fr. piller to plunder. See Pill to plunder.] 1. +The act of pillaging; robbery. Shak. + +2. That which is taken from another or others by open force, +particularly and chiefly from enemies in war; plunder; spoil; booty. + + Which pillage they with merry march bring home. + + +Shak. + +Syn. -- Plunder; rapine; spoil; depredation. -- Pillage, Plunder. +Pillage refers particularly to the act of stripping the sufferers of +their goods, while plunder refers to the removal of the things thus +taken; but the words are freely interchanged. + +Pil"lage, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Pillaged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pillaging +(?).] To strip of money or goods by open violence; to plunder; to +spoil; to lay waste; as, to pillage the camp of an enemy. + + Mummius . . . took, pillaged, and burnt their city. + + +Arbuthnot. + +Pil"lage, v. i. To take spoil; to plunder; to ravage. + + They were suffered to pillage wherever they went. + + +Macaulay. + +Pil"la*ger (?), n. One who pillages. Pope. + +Pil"lar (?), n. [OE. pilerF. pilier, LL. pilare, pilarium, pilarius, +fr. L. pila a pillar. See Pile a heap.] 1. The general and popular term +for a firm, upright, insulated support for a superstructure; a pier, +column, or post; also, a column or shaft not supporting a +superstructure, as one erected for a monument or an ornament. + + Jacob set a pillar upon her grave. + + +Gen. xxxv. 20. + + The place . . . vast and proud, Supported by a hundred pillars + stood. + + +Dryden. + +2. Figuratively, that which resembles such a pillar in appearance, +character, or office; a supporter or mainstay; as, the Pillars of +Hercules; a pillar of the state. "You are a well-deserving pillar." +Shak. + + By day a cloud, by night a pillar of fire. + + +Milton. + +3. (R. C. Ch.) A portable ornamental column, formerly carried before a +cardinal, as emblematic of his support to the church. [Obs.] Skelton. + +4. (Man.) The center of the volta, ring, or manege ground, around which +a horse turns. + +From pillar to post, hither and thither; to and fro; from one place or +predicament to another; backward and forward. [Colloq.] -- Pillar +saint. See Stylite. -- Pillars of the fauces. See Fauces, 1. + +Pil"lar, a. (Mach.) Having a support in the form of a pillar, instead +of legs; as, a pillar drill. + +Pil"lar-block` (?), n. See under Pillow. + +Pil"lared (?), a. Supported or ornamented by pillars; resembling a +pillar, or pillars. "The pillared arches." Sir W. Scott. "Pillared +flame." Thomson. + +Pil"lar*et (?), n. A little pillar. [R.] Fuller. + +Pil"lar*ist, n. (Eccl. Hist.) See Stylite. + +||Pil*lau" (?), n. [Per. & Turk. pilau.] An Oriental dish consisting of +||rice boiled with mutton, fat, or butter. [Written also pilau.] + +Pilled (?), a. [See 3rd Pill.] Stripped of hair; scant of hair; bald. +[Obs.] "Pilled beard." Chaucer. + +Pilled"-gar"lic (?), n. See Pilgarlic. + +Pill"er (?), n. One who pills or plunders. [Obs.] + +Pill"er*y (?), n.; pl. Pilleries (&?;). Plunder; pillage. [Obs.] +Daniel. + +Pil"lion (?), n. [Ir. pillin, pilliun (akin to Gael. pillean, pillin), +fr. Ir. & Gael. pill, peall, a skin or hide, prob. fr. L. pellis. See +Pell, n., Fell skin.] A panel or cushion saddle; the under pad or +cushion of saddle; esp., a pad or cushion put on behind a man's saddle, +on which a woman may ride. + + His [a soldier's] shank pillion without stirrups. + + +Spenser. + +Pil"lo*rize (?), v. t. To set in, or punish with, the pillory; to +pillory. [R.] + +Pil"lo*ry (?), n.; pl. Pillories (#). [F. pilori; cf. Pr. espitlori, +LL. piloricum, pilloricum, pellericum, pellorium, pilorium, spilorium; +perhaps from a derivative of L. speculari to look around, observe. Cf. +Speculate.] A frame of adjustable boards erected on a post, and having +holes through which the head and hands of an offender were thrust so as +to be exposed in front of it. Shak. + +Pil"lo*ry, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pilloried (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Pillorying.] [Cf. F. pilorier.] 1. To set in, or punish with, the +pillory. "Hungering for Puritans to pillory." Macaulay. + +2. Figuratively, to expose to public scorn. Gladstone. + +Pil"low (?), n. [OE. pilwe, AS. pyle, fr. L. pilvinus.] 1. Anything +used to support the head of a person when reposing; especially, a sack +or case filled with feathers, down, hair, or other soft material. + + [Resty sloth] finds the down pillow hard. + + +Shak. + +2. (Mach.) A piece of metal or wood, forming a support to equalize +pressure; a brass; a pillow block. [R.] + +3. (Naut.) A block under the inner end of a bowsprit. + +4. A kind of plain, coarse fustian. + +Lace pillow, a cushion used in making hand- wrought lace. -- Pillow +bier [OE. pilwebere; cf. LG. b¸re a pillowcase], a pillowcase; pillow +slip. [Obs.] Chaucer. -- Pillow block (Mach.), a block, or standard, +for supporting a journal, as of a shaft. It is usually bolted to the +frame or foundation of a machine, and is often furnished with journal +boxes, and a movable cover, or cap, for tightening the bearings by +means of bolts; -- called also pillar block, or plumber block. -- +Pillow lace, handmade lace wrought with bobbins upon a lace pillow. -- +Pillow of a plow, a crosspiece of wood which serves to raise or lower +the beam. -- Pillow sham, an ornamental covering laid over a pillow +when not in use. -- Pillow slip, a pillowcase. + +Pil"low (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pillowed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Pillowing.] To rest or lay upon, or as upon, a pillow; to support; as, +to pillow the head. + + Pillows his chin upon an orient wave. + + +Milton. + +Pil"low*case` (?), n. A removable case or covering for a pillow, +usually of white linen or cotton cloth. + +Pil"lowed (?), a. Provided with a pillow or pillows; having the head +resting on, or as on, a pillow. + + Pillowedon buckler cold and hard. + + +Sir W. Scott. + +Pil"low*y (?), a. Like a pillow. Keats. + +Pill"-wil`let (?), n. [So named from its note.] (Zoˆl.) The willet. + +Pill"worm` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) Any myriapod of the genus Iulus and allied +genera which rolls up spirally; a galleyworm. See Illust. under +Myriapod. + +Pill"wort` (?), n. (Bot.) Any plant of the genus Pilularia; minute +aquatic cryptograms, with small pill-shaped fruit; -- sometimes called +peppergrass. + +Pi`lo*car"pine (?), n. [From NL. Pilocarpus pennatifolius jaborandi; L. +pilus hair + Gr. karpo`s fruit: cf. F. pilocarpine.] (Chem.) An +alkaloid extracted from jaborandi (Pilocarpus pennatifolius) as a white +amorphous or crystalline substance which has a peculiar effect on the +vasomotor system. + +Pi*lose" (?), a. [L. pilosus, fr. pilus hair. See Pile.] 1. Hairy; full +of, or made of, hair. + + The heat-retaining property of the pilose covering. + + +Owen. + +2. (Zoˆl.) Clothed thickly with pile or soft down. + +3. (Bot.) Covered with long, slender hairs; resembling long hairs; +hairy; as, pilose pubescence. + +Pi*los"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. pilositÈ.] The quality or state of being +pilose; hairiness. Bacon. + +Pi"lot (?), n. [F. pilote, prob. from D. peillood plummet, sounding +lead; peilen, pegelen, to sound, measure (fr. D. & G. peil, pegel, a +sort of measure, water mark) + lood lead, akin to E. lead. The pilot, +then, is the lead man, i. e., he who throws the lead. See Pail, and +Lead a metal.] 1. (Naut.) One employed to steer a vessel; a helmsman; a +steersman. Dryden. + +2. Specifically, a person duly qualified, and licensed by authority, to +conduct vessels into and out of a port, or in certain waters, for a +fixed rate of fees. + +3. Figuratively: A guide; a director of another through a difficult or +unknown course. + +4. An instrument for detecting the compass error. + +5. The cowcatcher of a locomotive. [U.S.] + +Pilot balloon, a small balloon sent up in advance of a large one, to +show the direction and force of the wind. -- Pilot bird. (Zoˆl.) (a) A +bird found near the Caribbee Islands; -- so called because its presence +indicates to mariners their approach to these islands. Crabb. (b) The +black- bellied plover. [Local, U.S.] -- Pilot boat, a strong, +fast-sailing boat used to carry and receive pilots as they board and +leave vessels. -- Pilot bread, ship biscuit. -- Pilot cloth, a coarse, +stout kind of cloth for overcoats. -- Pilot engine, a locomotive going +in advance of a train to make sure that the way is clear. -- Pilot +fish. (Zoˆl) (a) A pelagic carangoid fish (Naucrates ductor); -- so +named because it is often seen in company with a shark, swimming near a +ship, on account of which sailors imagine that it acts as a pilot to +the shark. (b) The rudder fish (Seriola zonata). -- Pilot jack, a flag +or signal hoisted by a vessel for a pilot. -- Pilot jacket, a pea +jacket. -- Pilot nut (Bridge Building), a conical nut applied +temporarily to the threaded end of a pin, to protect the thread and +guide the pin when it is driven into a hole. Waddell. -- Pilot snake +(Zoˆl.) (a) A large North American snake (Coluber obsoleus). It is +lustrous black, with white edges to some of the scales. Called also +mountain black snake. (b) The pine snake. -- Pilot whale. (Zoˆl.) Same +as Blackfish, 1. + +Pi"lot, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Piloted; p. pr. & vb. n. Piloting.] [Cf. F. +piloter.] 1. To direct the course of, as of a ship, where navigation is +dangerous. + +2. Figuratively: To guide, as through dangers or difficulties. "The art +of piloting a state." Berkeley. + +Pi"lot*age (?), n. [Cf. F. pilotage.] 1. The pilot's skill or +knowledge, as of coasts, rocks, bars, and channels. [Obs.] Sir W. +Raleigh. + +2. The compensation made or allowed to a pilot. + +3. Guidance, as by a pilot. Sir W. Scott. + +{ Pi"lot*ism (?), Pi"lot*ry (?), } n. Pilotage; skill in the duties of +a pilot. [R.] + +<! p. 1087 !> + +Pil"our (?), n. A piller; a plunderer. [Obs.] + +Pil"ous (?), a. See Pilose. + +Pil"ser (?), n. An insect that flies into a flame. + +Pil"u*lar (?), a. Of or pertaining to pills; resembling a pill or +pills; as, a pilular mass. + +Pil"u*lous (?), a. [L. pilula a pill. See Pill.] Like a pill; small; +insignificant. [R.] G. Eliot. + +Pil"we (?), n. A pillow. [Obs.] Chaucer. + +Pi"ly (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Like pile or wool. + +Pi*mar"ic (?), a. [NL. pinum maritima, an old name for P. Pinaster, a +pine which yields galipot.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, an +acid found in galipot, and isomeric with abietic acid. + +Pi*mel"ic (?), a. [Gr. &?; fat.] (Chem.) (a) Pertaining to, or +designating, a substance obtained from certain fatty substances, and +subsequently shown to be a mixture of suberic and adipic acids. (b) +Designating the acid proper (C5H10(CO2/H)2) which is obtained from +camphoric acid. + +Pim"e*lite (?), n. [Gr. &?; fat.] (Min.) An apple-green mineral having +a greasy feel. It is a hydrous silicate of nickel, magnesia, aluminia, +and iron. + +Pi"ment (?), n. [F. See Pimento.] Wine flavored with spice or honey. +See Pigment, 3. [Obs.] + +Pi*men"ta (?), n. (Bot.) Same as Pimento. + +Pi*men"to (?), n. [Sp. pimiento, pimienta; cf. Pg. pimenta, F. piment; +all fr. L. pigmentum a paint, pigment, the juice of plants; hence, +something spicy and aromatic. See Pigment.] (Bot.) Allspice; -- applied +both to the tree and its fruit. See Allspice. + +Pim"li*co (?), n. (Zoˆl.) The friar bird. + +Pimp (pmp), n. [Cf. F. pimpant smart, sparkish; perh. akin to piper to +pipe, formerly also, to excel. Cf. Pipe.] One who provides +gratification for the lust of others; a procurer; a pander. Swift. + +Pimp, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Pimped (pmt; 215); p. pr. & vb. n. Pimping.] +To procure women for the gratification of others' lusts; to pander. +Dryden. + +Pim"per*nel (?), n. [F. pimprenelle; cf. Sp. pimpinela, It. pimpinella; +perh. from LL. bipinnella, for bipinnula two-winged, equiv. to L. +bipennis; bis twice + penna feather, wing. Cf. Pen a feather.] (Bot.) A +plant of the genus Anagallis, of which one species (A. arvensis) has +small flowers, usually scarlet, but sometimes purple, blue, or white, +which speedily close at the approach of bad weather. + +Water pimpernel. (Bot.) See Brookweed. + +||Pim"pil*lo (?), n. (Bot.) A West Indian name for the prickly pear +||(Opuntia); -- called also pimploes. + +Pim"pi*nel (?), n. [See Pimpernel.] (Bot.) The burnet saxifrage. See +under Saxifrage. + +Pimp"ing (?), a. [Cf. G. pimpelig, pimpelnd, sickly, weak.] 1. Little; +petty; pitiful. [Obs.] Crabbe. + +2. Puny; sickly. [Local, U.S.] + +Pim"ple (?), n. [AS. ppelian to blister; cf. L. papula pimple.] 1. +(Med.) Any small acuminated elevation of the cuticle, whether going on +to suppuration or not. "All eyes can see a pimple on her nose." Pope. + +2. Fig.: A swelling or protuberance like a pimple. "A pimple that +portends a future sprout." Cowper. + +Pim"pled (?), a. Having pimples. Johnson. + +Pim"ply (?), a. Pimpled. + +Pimp"ship (?), n. The office, occupation, or persom of a pimp. [R.] + +Pin (?), v. t. (Metal Working) To peen. + +Pin (?), v. t. [Cf. Pen to confine, or Pinfold.] To inclose; to +confine; to pen; to pound. + +Pin, n. [OE. pinne, AS. pinn a pin, peg; cf. D. pin, G. pinne, Icel. +pinni, W. pin, Gael. & Ir. pinne; all fr. L. pinna a pinnacle, pin, +feather, perhaps orig. a different word from pinna feather. Cf. Fin of +a fish, Pen a feather.] 1. A piece of wood, metal, etc., generally +cylindrical, used for fastening separate articles together, or as a +support by which one article may be suspended from another; a peg; a +bolt. + + With pins of adamant And chains they made all fast. + + +Milton. + +2. Especially, a small, pointed and headed piece of brass or other wire +(commonly tinned), largely used for fastening clothes, attaching +papers, etc. + +3. Hence, a thing of small value; a trifle. + + He . . . did not care a pin for her. + + +Spectator. + +4. That which resembles a pin in its form or use; as: (a) A peg in +musical instruments, for increasing or relaxing the tension of the +strings. (b) A linchpin. (c) A rolling-pin. (d) A clothespin. (e) +(Mach.) A short shaft, sometimes forming a bolt, a part of which serves +as a journal. See Illust. of Knuckle joint, under Knuckle. (f) +(Joinery) The tenon of a dovetail joint. + +5. One of a row of pegs in the side of an ancient drinking cup to mark +how much each man should drink. + +6. The bull's eye, or center, of a target; hence, the center. [Obs.] +"The very pin of his heart cleft." Shak. + +7. Mood; humor. [Obs.] "In merry pin." Cowper. + +8. (Med.) Caligo. See Caligo. Shak. + +9. An ornament, as a brooch or badge, fastened to the clothing by a +pin; as, a Masonic pin. + +10. The leg; as, to knock one off his pins. [Slang] + +Banking pin (Horol.), a pin against which a lever strikes, to limit its +motion. -- Pin drill (Mech.), a drill with a central pin or projection +to enter a hole, for enlarging the hole, or for sinking a recess for +the head of a bolt, etc.; a counterbore. -- Pin grass. (Bot.) See +Alfilaria. -- Pin hole, a small hole made by a pin; hence, any very +small aperture or perforation. -- Pin lock, a lock having a cylindrical +bolt; a lock in which pins, arranged by the key, are used instead of +tumblers. -- Pin money, an allowance of money, as that made by a +husband to his wife, for private and personal expenditure. -- Pin rail +(Naut.), a rail, usually within the bulwarks, to hold belaying pins. +Sometimes applied to the fife rail. Called also pin rack. -- Pin wheel. +(a) A contrate wheel in which the cogs are cylindrical pins. (b) +(Fireworks) A small coil which revolves on a common pin and makes a +wheel of yellow or colored fire. + +Pin (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pinned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pinning.] [See +Pin, n.] To fasten with, or as with, a pin; to join; as, to pin a +garment; to pin boards together. "As if she would pin her to her +heart." Shak. + +To pin one's faith upon, to depend upon; to trust to. + +Pi"Òa cloth` (?). A fine material for ladies' shawls, scarfs, +handkerchiefs, etc., made from the fiber of the pineapple leaf, and +perhaps from other fibrous tropical leaves. It is delicate, soft, and +transparent, with a slight tinge of pale yellow. + +Pin"a*coid (?), n. [Gr. &?;, &?;, a tablet + -oid.] (Crystallog.) A +plane parallel to two of the crystalline axes. + +Pi*nac"o*lin (?), n. [Pinacone + L. oleum oil.] (Chem.) A colorless +oily liquid related to the ketones, and obtained by the decomposition +of pinacone; hence, by extension, any one of the series of which +pinacolin proper is the type. [Written also pinacoline.] + +Pin"a*cone (?), n. [From Gr. &?;, &?;, a tablet. So called because it +unites with water so as to form tablet- shaped crystals.] (Chem.) A +white crystalline substance related to the glycols, and made from +acetone; hence, by extension, any one of a series of substances of +which pinacone proper is the type. [Written also pinakone.] + +||Pin`a*co*the"ca (?), n. [L. pinacotheca, fr. Gr. &?;; &?;, &?;, a +||picture + &?; repisitory.] A picture gallery. + +Pin"a*fore` (?), n. [Pin + afore.] An apron for a child to protect the +front part of dress; a tier. + +||Pin"a*ko*thek` (?), n. [G.] Pinacotheca. + +Pi*nas"ter (?), n. [L., fr. pinus a pine.] (Bot.) A species of pine +(Pinus Pinaster) growing in Southern Europe. + +||Pi"nax (?), n.; pl. Pinaces (#). [L., fr. Gr. &?; tablet.] A tablet; +||a register; hence, a list or scheme inscribed on a tablet. [R.] Sir +||T. Browne. + +||Pince`-nez" (?), n. [F. pincer to pinch + nez nose.] Eyeglasses kept +||on the nose by a spring. + +Pin"cers (?), n. pl. [Cf. F. pince pinchers, fr. pincer to pinch. See +Pinch, Pinchers.] See Pinchers. + +Pinch (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pinched (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pinching.] +[F. pincer, probably fr. OD. pitsen to pinch; akin to G. pfetzen to +cut, pinch; perhaps of Celtic origin. Cf. Piece.] 1. To press hard or +squeeze between the ends of the fingers, between teeth or claws, or +between the jaws of an instrument; to squeeze or compress, as between +any two hard bodies. + +2. o seize; to grip; to bite; -- said of animals. [Obs.] + + He [the hound] pinched and pulled her down. + + +Chapman. + +3. To plait. [Obs.] + + Full seemly her wimple ipinched was. + + +Chaucer. + +4. Figuratively: To cramp; to straiten; to oppress; to starve; to +distress; as, to be pinched for money. + + Want of room . . . pinching a whole nation. + + +Sir W. Raleigh. + +5. To move, as a railroad car, by prying the wheels with a pinch. See +Pinch, n., 4. + +Pinch, v. i. 1. To act with pressing force; to compress; to squeeze; +as, the shoe pinches. + +2. (Hunt.) To take hold; to grip, as a dog does. [Obs.] + +3. To spare; to be niggardly; to be covetous. Gower. + + The wretch whom avarice bids to pinch and spare. + + +Franklin. + +To pinch at, to find fault with; to take exception to. [Obs.] Chaucer. + +Pinch, n. 1. A close compression, as with the ends of the fingers, or +with an instrument; a nip. + +2. As much as may be taken between the finger and thumb; any very small +quantity; as, a pinch of snuff. + +3. Pian; pang. "Necessary's sharp pinch." Shak. + +4. A lever having a projection at one end, acting as a fulcrum, -- used +chiefly to roll heavy wheels, etc. Called also pinch bar. + +At a pinch, On a pinch, in an emergency; as, he could on a pinch read a +little Latin. + +Pinch"beck (?), n. [Said to be from the name of the inventor; cf. It. +prencisbecco.] An alloy of copper and zinc, resembling gold; a yellow +metal, composed of about three ounces of zinc to a pound of copper. It +is much used as an imitation of gold in the manufacture of cheap +jewelry. + +Pinch"beck, a. Made of pinchbeck; sham; cheap; spurious; unreal. "A +pinchbeck throne." J. A. Symonds. + +Pinch"cock` (?), n. A clamp on a flexible pipe to regulate the flow of +a fluid through the pipe. + +Pin"chem (?), n. (Zoˆl.) The European blue titmouse. [Prov. Eng.] + +Pinch"er (?), n. One who, or that which, pinches. + +Pinch"ers (?), n. pl. [From Pinch.] An instrument having two handles +and two grasping jaws working on a pivot; -- used for griping things to +be held fast, drawing nails, etc. + +This spelling is preferable to pincers, both on account of its +derivation from the English pinch, and because it represents the common +pronunciation. + +Pinch"fist` (?), n. A closefisted person; a miser. + +Pinch"ing, a. Compressing; nipping; griping; niggardly; as, pinching +cold; a pinching parsimony. + +Pinching bar, a pinch bar. See Pinch, n., 4. -- Pinching nut, a check +nut. See under Check, n. + +Pinch"ing*ly, adv. In a pinching way. + +Pinch"pen`ny (?), n. A miserly person. + +Pin"coff*in (?), n. [From Pincoff, an English manufacturer.] A +commercial preparation of garancin, yielding fine violet tints. + +Pinc"pinc` (?), n. [Named from its note.] (Zoˆl.) An African wren +warbler. (Drymoica textrix). + +Pin"cush`ion (?), n. A small cushion, in which pins may be stuck for +use. + +{ Pin"dal (?), Pin"dar (?), } n. [D. piendel.] (Bot.) The peanut +(Arachis hypogÊa); -- so called in the West Indies. + +Pin*dar"ic (?), a. [L. Pindaricus, Gr. &?;, fr. &?; (L. Pindarus) +Pindar: cf. F. pindarique.] Of or pertaining to Pindar, the Greek lyric +poet; after the style and manner of Pindar; as, Pindaric odes. -- n. A +Pindaric ode. + +Pin*dar"ic*al (?), a. Pindaric. + + Too extravagant and Pindarical for prose. + + +Cowley. + +Pin"dar*ism (?), n. Imitation of Pindar. + +Pin"dar*ist, n. One who imitates Pindar. + +Pin"der (?), n. [AS. pyndan to pen up, fr. pund a pound.] One who +impounds; a poundkeeper. [Obs.] + +Pine (?), n. [AS. pn, L. poena penalty. See Pain.] Woe; torment; pain. +[Obs.] "Pyne of hell." Chaucer. + +Pine, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pined (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pining.] [AS. pnan +to torment, fr. pn torment. See 1st Pine, Pain, n. & v.] 1. To inflict +pain upon; to torment; to torture; to afflict. [Obs.] Chaucer. Shak. + + That people that pyned him to death. + + +Piers Plowman. + + One is pined in prison, another tortured on the rack. + + +Bp. Hall. + +2. To grieve or mourn for. [R.] Milton. + +Pine, v. i. 1. To suffer; to be afflicted. [Obs.] + +2. To languish; to lose flesh or wear away, under any distress or +anexiety of mind; to droop; -- often used with away. "The roses wither +and the lilies pine." Tickell. + +3. To languish with desire; to waste away with longing for something; +-- usually followed by for. + + For whom, and not for Tybalt, Juliet pined. + + +Shak. + +Syn. -- To languish; droop; flag; wither; decay. + +Pine, n. [AS. pn, L. pinus.] 1. (Bot.) Any tree of the coniferous genus +Pinus. See Pinus. + +There are about twenty-eight species in the United States, of which the +white pine (P. Strobus), the Georgia pine (P. australis), the red pine +(P. resinosa), and the great West Coast sugar pine (P. Lambertiana) are +among the most valuable. The Scotch pine or fir, also called Norway or +Riga pine (Pinus sylvestris), is the only British species. The nut pine +is any pine tree, or species of pine, which bears large edible seeds. +See Pinon. + +The spruces, firs, larches, and true cedars, though formerly considered +pines, are now commonly assigned to other genera. + +2. The wood of the pine tree. + +3. A pineapple. + +Ground pine. (Bot.) See under Ground. -- Norfolk Island pine (Bot.), a +beautiful coniferous tree, the Araucaria excelsa. -- Pine barren, a +tract of infertile land which is covered with pines. [Southern U.S.] -- +Pine borer (Zoˆl.), any beetle whose larvÊ bore into pine trees. -- +Pine finch. (Zoˆl.) See Pinefinch, in the Vocabulary. -- Pine grosbeak +(Zoˆl.), a large grosbeak (Pinicola enucleator), which inhabits the +northern parts of both hemispheres. The adult male is more or less +tinged with red. -- Pine lizard (Zoˆl.), a small, very active, mottled +gray lizard (Sceloporus undulatus), native of the Middle States; -- +called also swift, brown scorpion, and alligator. -- Pine marten. +(Zoˆl.) (a) A European weasel (Mustela martes), called also sweet +marten, and yellow-breasted marten. (b) The American sable. See Sable. +-- Pine moth (Zoˆl.), any one of several species of small tortricid +moths of the genus Retinia, whose larvÊ burrow in the ends of the +branchlets of pine trees, often doing great damage. - - Pine mouse +(Zoˆl.), an American wild mouse (Arvicola pinetorum), native of the +Middle States. It lives in pine forests. -- Pine needle (Bot.), one of +the slender needle-shaped leaves of a pine tree. See Pinus. -- +Pine-needle wool. See Pine wool (below). -- Pine oil, an oil resembling +turpentine, obtained from fir and pine trees, and used in making +varnishes and colors. -- Pine snake (Zoˆl.), a large harmless North +American snake (Pituophis melanoleucus). It is whitish, covered with +brown blotches having black margins. Called also bull snake. The +Western pine snake (P. Sayi) is chestnut-brown, mottled with black and +orange. -- Pine tree (Bot.), a tree of the genus Pinus; pine. -- +Pine-tree money, money coined in Massachusetts in the seventeenth +century, and so called from its bearing a figure of a pine tree. -- +Pine weevil (Zoˆl.), any one of numerous species of weevils whose larvÊ +bore in the wood of pine trees. Several species are known in both +Europe and America, belonging to the genera Pissodes, Hylobius, etc. -- +Pine wool, a fiber obtained from pine needles by steaming them. It is +prepared on a large scale in some of the Southern United States, and +has many uses in the economic arts; -- called also pine-needle wool, +and pine- wood wool. + +Pi"ne*al (?), a. [L. pinea the cone of a pine, from pineus of the pine, +from pinus a pine: cf. F. pinÈale.] Of or pertaining to a pine cone; +resembling a pine cone. + +Pineal gland (Anat.), a glandlike body in the roof of the third +ventricle of the vertebrate brain; -- called also pineal body, +epiphysis, conarium. In some animals it is connected with a rudimentary +eye, the so-called pineal eye, and in other animals it is supposed to +be the remnant of a dorsal median eye. + +<! p. 1088 !> + +Pine"ap`ple (?), n. (Bot.) A tropical plant (Ananassa sativa); also, +its fruit; -- so called from the resemblance of the latter, in shape +and external appearance, to the cone of the pine tree. Its origin is +unknown, though conjectured to be American. + +Pine`as"ter (?), n. See Pinaster. + +{ Pine"-clad` (?), Pine"-crowned` (?), } a. Clad or crowned with pine +trees; as, pine-clad hills. + +Pine"drops` (?), n. (Bot.) A reddish herb (Pterospora andromedea) of +the United States, found parasitic on the roots of pine trees. + +Pine"finch` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) (a) A small American bird (Spinus, or +Chrysomitris, spinus); -- called also pine siskin, and American siskin. +(b) The pine grosbeak. + +||Pi*nen"chy*ma (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a tablet + -enchyma, as in +||parenchyma.] (Bot.) Tabular parenchyma, a form of cellular tissue in +||which the cells are broad and flat, as in some kinds of epidermis. + +Pin"er*y (?), n.; pl. Pineries (&?;). 1. A pine forest; a grove of +pines. + +2. A hothouse in which pineapples are grown. + +Pine"sap` (?), n. (Bot.) A reddish fleshy herb of the genus Monotropa +(M. hypopitys), formerly thought to be parasitic on the roots of pine +trees, but more probably saprophytic. + +||Pi*ne"tum (?), n. [L., a pine grove.] A plantation of pine trees; +||esp., a collection of living pine trees made for ornamental or +||scientific purposes. + +Pine"weed` (?), n. (Bot.) A low, bushy, nearly leafless herb (Hypericum +Sarothra), common in sandy soil in the Eastern United States. + +Pin"ey (?), a. See Piny. + +Pin"ey, a. [Of East Indian origin.] A term used in designating an East +Indian tree (the Vateria Indica or piney tree, of the order +DipterocarpeÊ, which grows in Malabar, etc.) or its products. + +Piney dammar, Piney resin, Piney varnish, a pellucid, fragrant, acrid, +bitter resin, which exudes from the piney tree (Vateria Indica) when +wounded. It is used as a varnish, in making candles, and as a +substitute for incense and for amber. Called also liquid copal, and +white dammar. -- Piney tallow, a solid fatty substance, resembling +tallow, obtained from the roasted seeds of the Vateria Indica; called +also dupada oil. -- Piney thistle (Bot.), a plant (Atractylis +gummifera), from the bark of which, when wounded, a gummy substance +exudes. + +Pin"-eyed` (?), a. (Bot.) Having the stigma visible at the throad of a +gamopetalous corolla, while the stamens are concealed in the tube; -- +said of dimorphous flowers. The opposite of thrum-eyed. + +Pin"feath`er (?), n. A feather not fully developed; esp., a rudimentary +feather just emerging through the skin. + +Pin"feath`ered (?), a. Having part, or all, of the feathers imperfectly +developed. + +Pin"fish` (?), n. [So called from their sharp dorsal spines.] (Zoˆl.) +(a) The sailor's choice (Diplodus, or Lagodon, rhomboides). (b) The +salt-water bream (Diplodus Holbrooki). + +Both are excellent food fishes, common on the coast of the United +States south of Cape Hatteras. The name is also applied to other allied +species. + +Pin"fold` (?), n. [For pindfold. See Pinder, Pound an inclosure, and +Fold an inclosure.] A place in which stray cattle or domestic animals +are confined; a pound; a penfold. Shak. + + A parish pinfold begirt by its high hedge. + + +Sir W. Scott. + +Ping (?), n. [Probably of imitative origin.] The sound made by a bullet +in striking a solid object or in passing through the air. + +Ping, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Pinged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pinging.] To make +the sound called ping. + +Pin"gle (?), n. [Perhaps fr. pin to impound.] A small piece of inclosed +ground. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] + +Ping"ster (?), n. See Pinkster. + +Pin*guic"u*la (?), n. [NL., fr. L. pinguiculus somewhat fat, fattish.] +(Bot.) See Butterwort. + +Pin"guid (?), a. [L. pinguis fat.] Fat; unctuous; greasy. [Obs.] "Some +clays are more pinguid." Mortimer. + +Pin*guid"i*nous (?), a. [L. pinguedo fatness, fr. pinguis fat.] +Containing fat; fatty. [Obs.] + +Pin"gui*tude (?), n. [L. pinguitudo, from pinguis fat.] Fatness; a +growing fat; obesity. [R.] + +Pin"hold` (?), n. A place where a pin is fixed. + +Pi"nic (&?;), a. [L. pinus pine.] (Chem.) Of or pertaining to the pine; +obtained from the pine; formerly, designating an acid which is the +chief constituent of common resin, -- now called abietic, or sylvic, +acid. + +Pin"ing (?), a. 1. Languishing; drooping; wasting away, as with +longing. + +2. Wasting; consuming. "The pining malady of France." Shak. + +Pin"ing*ly, adv. In a pining manner; droopingly. Poe. + +Pin"ion (?), n. (Zoˆl.) A moth of the genus Lithophane, as L. +antennata, whose larva bores large holes in young peaches and apples. + +Pin"ion, n. [OF. pignon a pen, F., gable, pinion (in sense 5); cf. Sp. +piÒon pinion; fr. L. pinna pinnacle, feather, wing. See Pin a peg, and +cf. Pen a feather, Pennat, Pennon.] 1. A feather; a quill. Shak. + +2. A wing, literal or figurative. + + Swift on his sooty pinions flits the gnome. + + +Pope. + +3. The joint of bird's wing most remote from the body. Johnson. + +4. A fetter for the arm. Ainsworth. + +5. (Mech.) A cogwheel with a small number of teeth, or leaves, adapted +to engage with a larger wheel, or rack (see Rack); esp., such a wheel +having its leaves formed of the substance of the arbor or spindle which +is its axis. + +Lantern pinion. See under Lantern. -- Pinion wire, wire fluted +longitudinally, for making the pinions of clocks and watches. It is +formed by being drawn through holes of the shape required for the +leaves or teeth of the pinions. + +Pin"ion (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pinioned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Pinioning.] 1. To bind or confine the wings of; to confine by binding +the wings. Bacon. + +2. To disable by cutting off the pinion joint. Johnson. + +3. To disable or restrain, as a person, by binding the arms, esp. by +binding the arms to the body. Shak. + + Her elbows pinioned close upon her hips. + + +Cowper. + +4. Hence, generally, to confine; to bind; to tie up. "Pinioned up by +formal rules of state." Norris. + +Pin"ioned (?), a. Having wings or pinions. + +Pin"ion*ist, n. (Zoˆl.) Any winged creature. + +Pin"ite (?), n. [So called from Pini, a mine in Saxony.] (Min.) A +compact granular cryptocrystalline mineral of a dull grayish or +greenish white color. It is a hydrous alkaline silicate, and is derived +from the alteration of other minerals, as iolite. + +Pi"nite (?), n. [L. pinus the pine tree.] 1. (Paleon.) Any fossil wood +which exhibits traces of having belonged to the Pine family. + +2. (Chem.) A sweet white crystalline substance extracted from the gum +of a species of pine (Pinus Lambertina). It is isomeric with, and +resembles, quercite. + +Pink (?), n. [D. pink.] (Naut.) A vessel with a very narrow stern; -- +called also pinky. Sir W. Scott. + +Pink stern (Naut.), a narrow stern. + +Pink, v. i. [D. pinken, pinkoogen, to blink, twinkle with the eyes.] To +wink; to blink. [Obs.] L'Estrange. + +Pink, a. Half-shut; winking. [Obs.] Shak. + +Pink, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pinked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pinking.] [OE. +pinken to prick, probably a nasalized form of pick.] 1. To pierce with +small holes; to cut the edge of, as cloth or paper, in small scallops +or angles. + +2. To stab; to pierce as with a sword. Addison. + +3. To choose; to cull; to pick out. [Obs.] Herbert. + +Pink, n. A stab. Grose. + +Pink, n. [Perh. akin to pick; as if the edges of the petals were picked +out. Cf. Pink, v. t.] 1. (Bot.) A name given to several plants of the +caryophyllaceous genus Dianthus, and to their flowers, which are +sometimes very fragrant and often double in cultivated varieties. The +species are mostly perennial herbs, with opposite linear leaves, and +handsome five-petaled flowers with a tubular calyx. + +2. A color resulting from the combination of a pure vivid red with more +or less white; -- so called from the common color of the flower. +Dryden. + +3. Anything supremely excellent; the embodiment or perfection of +something. "The very pink of courtesy." Shak. + +4. (Zoˆl.) The European minnow; -- so called from the color of its +abdomen in summer. [Prov. Eng.] + +Bunch pink is Dianthus barbatus. -- China, or Indian, pink. See under +China. -- Clove pink is Dianthus Caryophyllus, the stock from which +carnations are derived. -- Garden pink. See Pheasant's eye. -- Meadow +pink is applied to Dianthus deltoides; also, to the ragged robin. -- +Maiden pink, Dianthus deltoides. -- Moss pink. See under Moss. -- Pink +needle, the pin grass; -- so called from the long, tapering points of +the carpels. See Alfilaria. -- Sea pink. See Thrift. + +Pink, a. Resembling the garden pink in color; of the color called pink +(see 6th Pink, 2); as, a pink dress; pink ribbons. + +Pink eye (Med.), a popular name for an epidemic variety of ophthalmia, +associated with early and marked redness of the eyeball. -- Pink salt +(Chem. & Dyeing), the double chlorides of (stannic) tin and ammonium, +formerly much used as a mordant for madder and cochineal. -- Pink +saucer, a small saucer, the inner surface of which is covered with a +pink pigment. + +Pinked (?), a. Pierced with small holes; worked in eyelets; scalloped +on the edge. Shak. + +Pink"-eyed` (?), a. [Pink half- shut + eye.] Having small eyes. +Holland. + +Pink"ing, n. 1. The act of piercing or stabbing. + +2. The act or method of decorating fabrics or garments with a pinking +iron; also, the style of decoration; scallops made with a pinking iron. + +Pinking iron. (a) An instrument for scalloping the edges of ribbons, +flounces, etc. (b) A sword. [Colloq.] + +Pink"ish, a. Somewhat pink. + +Pink"ness (?), n. Quality or state of being pink. + +Pink"root` (?), n. 1. (Med.) The root of Spigelia Marilandica, used as +a powerful vermifuge; also, that of S. Anthelmia. See definition 2 +(below). + +2. (Bot.) (a) A perennial North American herb (Spigelia Marilandica), +sometimes cultivated for its showy red blossoms. Called also Carolina +pink, Maryland pinkroot, and worm grass. (b) An annual South American +and West Indian plant (Spigelia Anthelmia). + +Pink"ster (?), n. [D. pinkster, pinksteren, fr. Gr. &?;. See +Pentecost.] Whitsuntide. [Written also pingster and pinxter.] + +Pinkster flower (Bot.), the rosy flower of the Azalea nudiflora; also, +the shrub itself; -- called also Pinxter blomachee by the New York +descendants of the Dutch settlers. + +Pink" stern` (?). [See 1st Pink.] (Naut.) See Chebacco, and 1st Pink. + +Pink"-sterned` (?), a. [See 1st Pink.] (Naut.) Having a very narrow +stern; -- said of a vessel. + +Pink"y (?), n. (Naut.) See 1st Pink. + +||Pin"na (?), n.; pl. PinnÊ (#), E. Pinnas (#). [L., a feather.] 1. +||(Bot.) (a) A leaflet of a pinnate leaf. See Illust. of Bipinnate +||leaf, under Bipinnate. (b) One of the primary divisions of a +||decompound leaf. + +2. (Zoˆl.) One of the divisions of a pinnate part or organ. + +3. [L. pinna, akin to Gr. &?;.] (Zoˆl.) Any species of Pinna, a genus +of large bivalve mollusks found in all warm seas. The byssus consists +of a large number of long, silky fibers, which have been used in +manufacturing woven fabrics, as a curiosity. + +4. (Anat.) The auricle of the ear. See Ear. + +Pin"nace (?), n. [F. pinasse; cf. It. pinassa, pinazza, Sp. pinaza; all +from L. pinus a pine tree, anything made of pine, e.g., a ship. Cf. +Pine a tree.] 1. (Naut.) (a) A small vessel propelled by sails or oars, +formerly employed as a tender, or for coast defence; -- called +originally, spynace or spyne. (b) A man-of-war's boat. + + Whilst our pinnace anchors in the Downs. + + +Shak. + +2. A procuress; a pimp. [Obs.] B. Jonson. + +Pin"na*cle (?), n. [OE. pinacle, F. pinacle, L. pinnaculum, fr. pinna +pinnacle, feather. See Pin a peg.] 1. (Arch.) An architectural member, +upright, and generally ending in a small spire, -- used to finish a +buttress, to constitute a part in a proportion, as where pinnacles +flank a gable or spire, and the like. Pinnacles may be considered +primarily as added weight, where it is necessary to resist the thrust +of an arch, etc. + + Some renowned metropolis With glistering spires and pinnacles + around. + + +Milton. + +2. Anything resembling a pinnacle; a lofty peak; a pointed summit. + + Three silent pinnacles of aged snow. + + +Tennyson. + + The slippery tops of human state, The gilded pinnacles of fate. + + +Cowley. + +Pin"na*cle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pinnacled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Pinnacling (?).] To build or furnish with a pinnacle or pinnacles. T. +Warton. + +Pin"nage (?), n. [Cf. Pinfold.] Poundage of cattle. See Pound. [Obs.] + +{ Pin"nate (?), Pin"na*ted (?), } a. [L. pinnatus feathered, fr. pinna +a feather. See Pin a peg, Pen feather.] 1. (Bot.) Consisting of several +leaflets, or separate portions, arranged on each side of a common +petiole, as the leaves of a rosebush, a hickory, or an ash. See +Abruptly pinnate, and Illust., under Abruptly. + +2. (Zoˆl.) Having a winglike tuft of long feathers on each side of the +neck. + +Pinnated grouse (Zoˆl.), the prairie chicken. + +Pin"nate*ly (?), adv. In a pinnate manner. + +Pin*nat"i*fid (?), a. [L. pinnatus feathered + root of findere to +split: cf. F. pinnatifide.] (Bot.) Divided in a pinnate manner, with +the divisions not reaching to the midrib. + +Pin*nat`i*lo"bate (?), a. [See Pinnate, and Lobate.] (Bot.) Having +lobes arranged in a pinnate manner. + +Pin*nat"i*ped (?), a. [L. pinnatus feathered + pes, pedis foot: cf. F. +pinnatipËde.] (Zoˆl.) Having the toes bordered by membranes; +fin-footed, as certain birds. + +Pin*nat"i*ped, n. (Zoˆl.) Any bird which has the toes bordered by +membranes. + +Pin"ner (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, pins or fastens, as with +pins. + +2. (Costume) (a) A headdress like a cap, with long lappets. (b) An +apron with a bib; a pinafore. (c) A cloth band for a gown. [Obs.] + + With kerchief starched, and pinners clean. + + +Gay. + +3. A pin maker. + +Pin"ner, n. [See Pin to pound.] One who pins or impounds cattle. See +Pin, v. t. [Obs.] + +Pin"net (?), n. A pinnacle. [R.] Sir W. Scott. + +Pin"ni*form (?), a. [L. pinna feather, fin + -form.] Shaped like a fin +or feather. Sir J. Hill. + +||Pin`ni*gra"da (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. pinna a feather + gradi to walk, +||move.] (Zoˆl.) Same as Pinnipedia. + +Pin"ni*grade (?), n. (Zoˆl.) An animal of the seal tribe, moving by +short feet that serve as paddles. + +Pin"ni*ped (?), n. [L. pinna feather, fin + pes, pedis, a foot: cf. F. +pinnipËde.] (Zoˆl.) (a) One of the Pinnipedia; a seal. (b) One of the +Pinnipedes. + +||Pin*nip"e*des (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zoˆl.) Same as Steganopodes. + +||Pin`ni*pe"di*a (?), n. pl. [NL. So called because their webbed feet +||are used as paddles or fins.] (Zoˆl.) A suborder of aquatic +||carnivorous mammals including the seals and walruses; -- opposed to +||Fissipedia. + +<! p. 1089 !> + +Pin"nock (?), n. [Of uncertain origin.] (Zoˆl.) (a) The hedge sparrow. +[Prov. Eng.] (b) The tomtit. + +Pin"no*there (?), n. [Gr. &?; a pinna + &?; an animal.] (Zoˆl.) A crab +of the genus pinnotheres. See Oyster crab, under Oyster. + +Pin"nu*la (?), n.; pl. PinnulÊ (#). [L.] Same as Pinnule. + +Pin"nu*late (?), a. [See Pinnule.] (Bot.) Having each pinna subdivided; +-- said of a leaf, or of its pinnÊ. + +Pin"nu*la`ted (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Having pinnules. + +Pin"nule (?), n. [L. pinnula, dim. of pinna feather: cf. F. pinnule.] +1. (Bot.) One of the small divisions of a decompound frond or leaf. See +Illust. of Bipinnate leaf, under Bipinnate. + +2. (Zoˆl.) Any one of a series of small, slender organs, or parts, when +arranged in rows so as to have a plumelike appearance; as, a pinnule of +a gorgonia; the pinnules of a crinoid. + +Pin"ny*win`kles (?), n. pl. An instrument of torture, consisting of a +board with holes into which the fingers were pressed, and fastened with +pegs. [Written also pilliewinkles.] [Scot.] Sir W. Scott. + +Pin"o*cle (?), n. See Penuchle. + +Pi*nole" (?), n. 1. An aromatic powder used in Italy in the manufacture +of chocolate. + +2. Parched maize, ground, and mixed with sugar, etc. Mixed with water, +it makes a nutritious beverage. + +PiÒ"on (?), n. [Sp. piÒon.] (Bot.) (a) The edible seed of several +species of pine; also, the tree producing such seeds, as Pinus Pinea of +Southern Europe, and P. Parryana, cembroides, edulis, and monophylla, +the nut pines of Western North America. (b) See Monkey's puzzle. +[Written also pignon.] + +Pin"patch` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) The common English periwinkle. [Prov. Eng.] + +Pint (?), n. [OE. pinte, F. pinte, fr. Sp. pinta spot, mark, pint, fr. +pintar to paint; a mark for a pint prob. having been made on or in a +larger measure. See Paint.] A measure of capacity, equal to half a +quart, or four gills, -- used in liquid and dry measures. See Quart. + +Pint, n. (Zoˆl.) The laughing gull. [Prov. Eng.] + +Pin*ta"do (?), n.; pl. Pintados (#). [Sp., painted, fr. pintar to +paint.] (Zoˆl.) Any bird of the genus Numida. Several species are found +in Africa. The common pintado, or Guinea fowl, the helmeted, and the +crested pintados, are the best known. See Guinea fowl, under Guinea. + +Pin"tail` (?), n. 1. (Zoˆl.) A northern duck (Dafila acuta), native of +both continents. The adult male has a long, tapering tail. Called also +gray duck, piketail, piket-tail, spike- tail, split-tail, springtail, +sea pheasant, and gray widgeon. + +2. (Zoˆl.) The sharp-tailed grouse of the great plains and Rocky +Mountains (PediocÊtes phasianellus); -- called also pintailed grouse, +pintailed chicken, springtail, and sharptail. + +Pin"-tailed` (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Having a tapered tail, with the middle +feathers longest; -- said of birds. + +Pin"tle (?), n. [A diminutive of Pin.] 1. A little pin. + +2. (Mech.) An upright pivot pin; as: (a) The pivot pin of a hinge. (b) +A hook or pin on which a rudder hangs and turns. (c) A pivot about +which the chassis swings, in some kinds of gun carriages. (d) A +kingbolt of a wagon. + +Pin"tos (?), n. pl.; sing. Pinto (&?;). [Sp., painted, mottled.] +(Eyhnol.) A mountain tribe of Mexican Indians living near Acapulco. +They are remarkable for having the dark skin of the face irregularly +spotted with white. Called also speckled Indians. + +Pin"ule (?), n. [Cf. Pinnule.] (Astron.) One of the sights of an +astrolabe. [Obs.] + +||Pi"nus (?), n. [L., a pine tree.] (Bot.) A large genus of evergreen +||coniferous trees, mostly found in the northern hemisphere. The genus +||formerly included the firs, spruces, larches, and hemlocks, but is +||now limited to those trees which have the primary leaves of the +||branchlets reduced to mere scales, and the secondary ones (pine +||needles) acicular, and usually in fascicles of two to seven. See +||Pine. + +Pin"weed` (?), n. (Bot.) Any plant of the genus Lechea, low North +American herbs with branching stems, and very small and abundant leaves +and flowers. + +Pin"worm` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) A small nematoid worm (Oxyurus vermicularis), +which is parasitic chiefly in the rectum of man. It is most common in +children and aged persons. + +||Pinx"it (?). [L., perfect indicative 3d sing. of pingere to paint.] A +||word appended to the artist's name or initials on a painting, or +||engraved copy of a painting; as, Rubens pinxit, Rubens painted +||(this). + +Pinx"ter (?), n. See Pinkster. + +Pin"y (?), a. Abounding with pines. [Written also piney.] "The piny +wood." Longfellow. + +Pi"o*ned (?), a. A Shakespearean word of disputed meaning; perh., +"abounding in marsh marigolds." + + Thy banks with pioned and twilled brims. + + +Shak. + +Pi`o*neer" (?), n. [F. pionier, orig., a foot soldier, OF. peonier, fr. +OF. peon a foot soldier, F. pion. See Pawn in chess.] 1. (Mil.) A +soldier detailed or employed to form roads, dig trenches, and make +bridges, as an army advances. + +2. One who goes before, as into the wilderness, preparing the way for +others to follow; as, pioneers of civilization; pioneers of reform. + +Pi`o*neer", v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Pioneered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Pioneering.] To go before, and prepare or open a way for; to act as +pioneer. + +Pi`o*ner" (?), n. A pioneer. [Obs.] Shak. + +Pi"o*ny (?), n. (Bot.) See Peony. + +Pi"ot (?), n. [See Piet.] (Zoˆl.) The magpie. [Obs. or Prov. Eng. & +Scot.] Holland. + +Pi"ous (?), a. [L. pius: cf. F. pieux.] 1. Of or pertaining to piety; +exhibiting piety; reverential; dutiful; religious; devout; godly. +"Pious hearts." Milton. "Pious poetry." Johnson. + + Where was the martial brother's pious care? + + +Pope. + +2. Practiced under the pretext of religion; prompted by mistaken piety; +as, pious errors; pious frauds. + +Syn. -- Godly; devout; religious; righteous. + +Pi"ous*ly, adv. In a pious manner. + +Pip (?), n. [OE. pippe, D. pip, or F. pÈpie; from LL. pipita, fr. L. +pituita slime, phlegm, rheum, in fowls, the pip. Cf. Pituite.] A +contagious disease of fowls, characterized by hoarseness, discharge +from the nostrils and eyes, and an accumulation of mucus in the mouth, +forming a "scale" on the tongue. By some the term pip is restricted to +this last symptom, the disease being called roup by them. + +Pip, n. [Formerly pippin, pepin. Cf. Pippin.] (Bot.) A seed, as of an +apple or orange. + +Pip, n. [Perh. for pick, F. pique a spade at cards, a pike. Cf. Pique.] +One of the conventional figures or "spots" on playing cards, dominoes, +etc. Addison. + +Pip, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Pipped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pipping.] [See +Peep.] To cry or chirp, as a chicken; to peep. + + To hear the chick pip and cry in the egg. + + +Boyle. + +Pi*pa (?), n.; pl. Pipas (&?;). (Zoˆl.) The Surinam toad (Pipa +Americana), noted for its peculiar breeding habits. + +The male places the eggs on the back of the female, where they soon +become inclosed in capsules formed by the thickening of the skin. The +incubation of the eggs takes place in the capsules, and the young, when +hatched, come forth with well developed legs. + +Pip"age (?), n. Transportation, as of petroleum oil, by means of a pipe +conduit; also, the charge for such transportation. + +Pi"pal tree` (?). Same as Peepul tree. + +Pipe (?), n. [AS. ppe, probably fr. L. pipare, pipire, to chirp; of +imitative origin. Cf. Peep, Pibroch, Fife.] 1. A wind instrument of +music, consisting of a tube or tubes of straw, reed, wood, or metal; +any tube which produces musical sounds; as, a shepherd's pipe; the pipe +of an organ. "Tunable as sylvan pipe." Milton. + + Now had he rather hear the tabor and the pipe. + + +Shak. + +2. Any long tube or hollow body of wood, metal, earthenware, or the +like: especially, one used as a conductor of water, steam, gas, etc. + +3. A small bowl with a hollow steam, -- used in smoking tobacco, and, +sometimes, other substances. + +4. A passageway for the air in speaking and breathing; the windpipe, or +one of its divisions. + +5. The key or sound of the voice. [R.] Shak. + +6. The peeping whistle, call, or note of a bird. + + The earliest pipe of half-awakened birds. + + +Tennyson. + +7. pl. The bagpipe; as, the pipes of Lucknow. + +8. (Mining) An elongated body or vein of ore. + +9. A roll formerly used in the English exchequer, otherwise called the +Great Roll, on which were taken down the accounts of debts to the king; +-- so called because put together like a pipe. Mozley & W. + +10. (Naut.) A boatswain's whistle, used to call the crew to their +duties; also, the sound of it. + +11. [Cf. F. pipe, fr. pipe a wind instrument, a tube, fr. L. pipare to +chirp. See Etymol. above.] A cask usually containing two hogsheads, or +126 wine gallons; also, the quantity which it contains. + +Pipe fitter, one who fits pipes together, or applies pipes, as to an +engine or a building. -- Pipe fitting, a piece, as a coupling, an +elbow, a valve, etc., used for connecting lengths of pipe or as +accessory to a pipe. -- Pipe office, an ancient office in the Court of +Exchequer, in which the clerk of the pipe made out leases of crown +lands, accounts of cheriffs, etc. [Eng.] -- Pipe tree (Bot.), the lilac +and the mock orange; -- so called because their were formerly used to +make pipe stems; -- called also pipe privet. -- Pipe wrench, or +Pipetongs, a jawed tool for gripping a pipe, in turning or holding it. +-- To smoke the pipe of peace, to smoke from the same pipe in token of +amity or preparatory to making a treaty of peace, -- a custom of the +American Indians. + +Pipe, v. i. 1. To play on a pipe, fife, flute, or other tubular wind +instrument of music. + + We have piped unto you, and ye have not danced. + + +Matt. xi. 17. + +2. (Naut.) To call, convey orders, etc., by means of signals on a pipe +or whistle carried by a boatswain. + +3. To emit or have a shrill sound like that of a pipe; to whistle. "Oft +in the piping shrouds." Wordsworth. + +4. (Metal.) To become hollow in the process of solodifying; -- said of +an ingot, as of steel. + +Pipe (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Piped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Piping.] 1. To +perform, as a tune, by playing on a pipe, flute, fife, etc.; to utter +in the shrill tone of a pipe. + + A robin . . . was piping a few querulous notes. + + +W. Irving. + +2. (Naut.) To call or direct, as a crew, by the boatswain's whistle. + + As fine a ship's company as was ever piped aloft. + + +Marryat. + +3. To furnish or equip with pipes; as, to pipe an engine, or a +building. + +Pipe" clay` (kl`). A plastic, unctuous clay of a grayish white color, +-- used in making tobacco pipes and various kinds of earthenware, in +scouring cloth, and in cleansing soldiers' equipments. + +Pipe"clay`, v. t. 1. To whiten or clean with pipe clay, as a soldier's +accouterments. + +2. To clear off; as, to pipeclay accounts. [Slang, Eng.] + +Piped (?), a. Formed with a pipe; having pipe or pipes; tubular. + +Pipe"fish` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) Any lophobranch fish of the genus +Siphostoma, or Syngnathus, and allied genera, having a long and very +slender angular body, covered with bony plates. The mouth is small, at +the end of a long, tubular snout. The male has a pouch on his belly, in +which the incubation of the eggs takes place. + +Pipe"lay`er (?), n., or Pipe" lay`er. 1. One who lays conducting pipes +in the ground, as for water, gas, etc. + +2. (Polit. Cant) A politician who works in secret; -- in this sense, +usually written as one word. [U.S.] + +Pipe"lay`ing, n., or Pipe" lay`ing. 1. The laying of conducting pipes +underground, as for water, gas, etc. + +2. (Polit. Cant) The act or method of making combinations for personal +advantage secretly or slyly; -- in this sense, usually written as one +word. [U.S.] + +Pipe"mouth` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) Any fish of the genus Fistularia; -- called +also tobacco pipefish. See Fistularia. + +||Pi"per (?), n. [L.] See Pepper. + +Pip"er (?), n. 1. (Mus.) One who plays on a pipe, or the like, esp. on +a bagpipe. "The hereditary piper and his sons." Macaulay. + +2. (Zoˆl.) (a) A common European gurnard (Trigla lyra), having a large +head, with prominent nasal projection, and with large, sharp, opercular +spines. (b) A sea urchin (Goniocidaris hystrix) having very long +spines, native of both the American and European coasts. + +To pay the piper, to bear the cost, expense, or trouble. + +Pip`er*a"ceous (?), a. [L. piper pepper.] (Bot.) Of or pertaining to +the order of plants (PiperaceÊ) of which the pepper (Piper nigrum) is +the type. There are about a dozen genera and a thousand species, mostly +tropical plants with pungent and aromatic qualities. + +Pi*per"ic (p*pr"k), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from, or +designating, a complex organic acid found in the products of different +members of the Pepper family, and extracted as a yellowish crystalline +substance. + +Pip"er*idge (?), n. (Bot.) Same as Pepperidge. + +Pi*per"i*dine (?), n. (Chem.) An oily liquid alkaloid, C5H11N, having a +hot, peppery, ammoniacal odor. It is related to pyridine, and is +obtained by the decomposition of piperine. + +Pip"er*ine (?), n. [L. piper pepper: cf. F. piperin, piperine.] (Chem.) +A white crystalline compound of piperidine and piperic acid. It is +obtained from the black pepper (Piper nigrum) and other species. + +Pip`er*o"nal (?), n. (Chem.) A white crystalline substance obtained by +oxidation of piperic acid, and regarded as a complex aldehyde. + +Pi*per"y*lene (?), n. [Piperidine + acetylene.] (Chem.) A hydrocarbon +obtained by decomposition of certain piperidine derivatives. + +Pipe"stem` (?), n. The hollow stem or tube of a pipe used for smoking +tobacco, etc. + + Took a long reed for a pipestem. + + +Longfellow. + +Pipe"stone` (?), n. A kind of clay slate, carved by the Indians into +tobacco pipes. Cf. Catlinite. + +Pi*pette" (?), n. [F., dim. of pipe.] A small glass tube, often with an +enlargement or bulb in the middle, and usually graduated, -- used for +transferring or delivering measured quantities. + +Pipe"vine` (?), n. (Bot.) The Dutchman's pipe. See under Dutchman. + +Pipe"wort` (?), n. (Bot.) Any plant of a genus (Eriocaulon) of aquatic +or marsh herbs with soft grass-like leaves. + +Pip"ing (pp"ng), a. [From Pipe, v.] 1. Playing on a musical pipe. +"Lowing herds and piping swains." Swift. + +2. Peaceful; favorable to, or characterized by, the music of the pipe +rather than of the drum and fife. Shak. + +3. Emitting a high, shrill sound. + +4. Simmering; boiling; sizzling; hissing; -- from the sound of boiling +fluids. + +Piping crow, Piping crow shrike, Piping roller (Zoˆl.), any Australian +bird of the genus Gymnorhina, esp. G. tibicen, which is black and +white, and the size of a small crow. Called also caruck. -- Piping frog +(Zoˆl.), a small American tree frog (Hyla Pickeringii) which utters a +high, shrill note in early spring. -- Piping hot, boiling hot; hissing +hot; very hot. [Colloq.] Milton. + +Pip"ing, n. 1. A small cord covered with cloth, -- used as trimming for +women's dresses. + +2. Pipes, collectively; as, the piping of a house. + +3. The act of playing on a pipe; the shrill noted of birds, etc. + +4. A piece cut off to be set or planted; a cutting; also, propagation +by cuttings. + +<! p. 1090 !> + +{ Pi*pis"trel (?), Pip`i*strelle" (?), } n. [F. pipistrelle, It. +pipistrello.] (Zoˆl.) A small European bat (Vesperugo pipistrellus); -- +called also flittermouse. + +Pip"it (?), n. [So named from its call note.] (Zoˆl.) Any one of +numerous species of small singing birds belonging to Anthus and allied +genera, of the family MotacillidÊ. They strongly resemble the true +larks in habits, colors, and the great length of the hind claw. They +are, therefore, often called titlarks, and pipit larks. + +The meadow pipit (Anthus pratensis); the tree pipit, or tree lark (A. +trivialis); and the rock pipit, or sea lark (A. obscurus) are +well-known European species. The common American pipit, or brown lark, +is Anthus Pensilvanicus. The Western species (A. Spraguei) is called +the American skylark, on account of its musical powers. + +Pip"kin, n.[Dim. of Pipe.] A small earthen boiler. + +Pip"pin (?), n. [Probably fr. OE. pippin a seed, as being raised from +the seed. See Pip a seed.] (Bot.) (a) An apple from a tree raised from +the seed and not grafted; a seedling apple. (b) A name given to apples +of several different kinds, as Newtown pippin, summer pippin, fall +pippin, golden pippin. + + We will eat a last year's pippin. + + +Shak. + +Normandy pippins, sun-dried apples for winter use. + +Pip"pul tree` (?). Same as Peepul tree. + +Pi"pra (?), n.; pl. Pipras (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a woodpecker.] +(Zoˆl.) Any one of numerous species of small clamatorial birds +belonging to Pipra and allied genera, of the family PipridÊ. The male +is usually glossy black, varied with scarlet, yellow, or sky blue. They +chiefly inhabit South America. + +Pi"prine (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Of or pertaining to the pipras, or the family +PipridÊ. + +Pip*sis"se*wa (?), n. [From American Indian.] (Bot.) A low evergreen +plant (Chimaphila umbellata), with narrow, wedge-lanceolate leaves, and +an umbel of pretty nodding fragrant blossoms. It has been used in +nephritic diseases. Called also prince's pine. + +Pip"y (?), a. Like a pipe; hollow- stemmed. Keats. + +Pi"quan*cy (?), n. [See Piquant.] The quality or state of being +piquant. + +Pi"quant (?), a. [F., p. pr. of piquer to prick or sting. See Pike.] +Stimulating to the taste; giving zest; tart; sharp; pungent; as, a +piquant anecdote. "As piquant to the tongue as salt." Addison. "Piquant +railleries." Gov. of Tongue. + +Pi"quant*ly, adv. In a piquant manner. + +||Pi`quÈ" (?), n. [F., p. p. of piquer to prick.] A cotton fabric, +||figured in the loom, -- used as a dress goods for women and children, +||and for vestings, etc. + +Pique (?), n. (Zoˆl.) The jigger. See Jigger. + +Pique (?), n. [F., fr. piquer. See Pike.] 1. A feeling of hurt, +vexation, or resentment, awakened by a social slight or injury; +irritation of the feelings, as through wounded pride; stinging +vexation. + + Men take up piques and displeasures. + + +Dr. H. More. + + Wars had arisen . . . upon a personal pique. + + +De Quincey. + +2. Keenly felt desire; a longing. + + Though it have the pique, and long, 'Tis still for something in the + wrong. + + +Hudibras. + +3. (Card Playing) In piquet, the right of the elder hand to count +thirty in hand, or to play before the adversary counts one. + +Syn. -- Displeasure; irritation; grudge; spite. Pique, Spite, Grudge. +Pique denotes a quick and often transient sense of resentment for some +supposed neglect or injury, but it is not marked by malevolence. Spite +is a stronger term, denoting settled ill will or malice, with a desire +to injure, as the result of extreme irritation. Grudge goes still +further, denoting cherished and secret enmity, with an unforgiving +spirit. A pique is usually of recent date; a grudge is that which has +long subsisted; spite implies a disposition to cross or vex others. + +Pique, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Piqued (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Piquing (?).] +[F. piquer. See Pike.] 1. To wound the pride of; to sting; to nettle; +to irritate; to fret; to offend; to excite to anger. + + Pique her, and soothe in turn. + + +Byron. + +2. To excite to action by causing resentment or jealousy; to stimulate; +to prick; as, to pique ambition, or curiosity. Prior. + +3. To pride or value; -- used reflexively. + + Men . . . pique themselves upon their skill. + + +Locke. + +Syn. -- To offend; displease; irritate; provoke; fret; nettle; sting; +goad; stimulate. + +Pique, v. i. To cause annoyance or irritation. "Every &?;erse hath +something in it that piques." Tatler. + +Pi*queer" (?), v. i. See Pickeer. [R.] + +Pi*queer"er (?), n. See Pickeerer. [R.] + +Piqu"et (?), n. See Picket. [R.] + +Pi*quet" (?), n. [F., prob. fr. pique. See Pique, Pike, and Picket.] A +game at cards played between two persons, with thirty-two cards, all +the deuces, threes, fours, fives, and sixes, being set aside. [Written +also picket and picquet.] + +Pi"ra*cy (?), n.; pl. Piracies (#). [Cf. LL. piratia, Gr. &?;. See +Pirate.] 1. The act or crime of a pirate. + +2. (Common Law) Robbery on the high seas; the taking of property from +others on the open sea by open violence; without lawful authority, and +with intent to steal; -- a crime answering to robbery on land. + +By statute law several other offenses committed on the seas (as trading +with known pirates, or engaging in the slave trade) have been made +piracy. + +3. "Sometimes used, in a quasi- figurative sense, of violation of +copyright; but for this, infringement is the correct and preferable +term." Abbott. + +Pi*ra"gua (?), n. See Pirogue. + +Pi*rai" (?), n. (Zoˆl.) Same as Piraya. + +Pi*ram"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. &?; trial + -meter.] A dynamometer for +ascertaining the power required to draw carriages over roads. + +Pi`ra*ru"cu (?), n. [From the native South American name.] (Zoˆl.) Same +as Arapaima. + +Pi"rate (?), n. [L. pirata, Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to attempt, undertake, +from making attempts or attacks on ships, &?; an attempt, trial; akin +to E. peril: cf. F. pirate. See Peril.] 1. A robber on the high seas; +one who by open violence takes the property of another on the high +seas; especially, one who makes it his business to cruise for robbery +or plunder; a freebooter on the seas; also, one who steals in a harbor. + +2. An armed ship or vessel which sails without a legal commission, for +the purpose of plundering other vessels on the high seas. + +3. One who infringes the law of copyright, or publishes the work of an +author without permission. + +Pirate perch (Zoˆl.), a fresh- water percoid fish of the United States +(Aphredoderus Sayanus). It is of a dark olive color, speckled with +blackish spots. + +Pi"rate, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Pirated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pirating.] +[Cf. F. pirater.] To play the pirate; to practice robbery on the high +seas. + +Pi"rate, v. t. To publish, as books or writings, without the permission +of the author. + + They advertised they would pirate his edition. + + +Pope. + +Pi*rat"ic (?), a. Piratical. + +Pi*rat"ic*al (?), a. [L. piraticus, Gr. &?;: cf. F. piratique.] Of or +pertaining to a pirate; acquired by, or practicing, piracy; as, a +piratical undertaking. "Piratical printers." Pope. -- Pi*rat"ic*al*ly, +adv. + +||Pi*ra"ya (?), n. [From the native name.] (Zoˆl.) A large voracious +||fresh-water fish (Serrasalmo piraya) of South America, having +||lancet-shaped teeth. + +Pir"ie (?), n. (Naut.) See Pirry. + +Pir"ie, n. [See Pear.] (Bot.) A pear tree. [Written also pery, pyrie.] +[Obs.] Chaucer. + +||Pi`ri*ri"gua (?), n. [From the native name.] (Zoˆl.) A South American +||bird (Guira guira) allied to the cuckoos. + +Pirl (?), v. t. [Cf. Purl.] 1. To spin, as a top. + +2. To twist or twine, as hair in making fishing lines. + +Pirn (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] A quill or reed on which thread or +yarn is wound; a bobbin; also, the wound yarn on a weaver's shuttle; +also, the reel of a fishing rod. [Scot.] + +Pi*rogue" (?), n. [Originally an American Indian word: cf. F. pirogue, +Sp. piroga, piragua.] A dugout canoe; by extension, any small boat. +[Written variously periauger, perogue, piragua, periagua, etc.] + +Pir`ou*ette" (?), n. [F.; of uncertain origin.] 1. A whirling or +turning on the toes in dancing. + +2. (Man.) The whirling about of a horse. + +Pir`ou*ette", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Pirouetted (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Pirouetting.] [F. pirouetter.] To perform a pirouette; to whirl, like a +dancer. + +{ Pir"ry, Pir"rie } (?), n. [Cf. Scot. pirr a gentle breeze, Icel. byrr +a prosperous wind, bylr a blast of wind.] A rough gale of wind. [Obs.] +Sir T. Elyot. + +Pis`as*phal"tum (?), n. See Pissasphalt. + +Pi"say (?), n. (Arch.) See PisÈ. + +Pis"ca*ry (?), n. [L. piscarius relating to fishes or to fishing, fr. +piscis a fish.] (Law) The right or privilege of fishing in another +man's waters. Blackstone. + +Pis*ca"tion (?), n. [L. piscatio, fr. piscari to fish.] Fishing; +fishery. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne. + +||Pis*ca"tor (?), n. [L.] A fisherman; an angler. + +{ Pis`ca*to"ri*al (?), Pis"ca*to*ry (?), } a. [L. piscatorius, fr. +piscator a fisherman, fr. piscari to fish, fr. piscis a fish. See Fish +the animal.] Of or pertaining to fishes or fishing. Addison. + +||Pis"ces (?), n. pl. [L. piscis a fish.] 1. (Astron.) (a) The twelfth +||sign of the zodiac, marked in almanacs. (b) A zodiacal constellation, +||including the first point of Aries, which is the vernal equinoctial +||point; the Fish. + +2. (Zoˆl.) The class of Vertebrata that includes the fishes. The +principal divisions are Elasmobranchii, Ganoidei, and Teleostei. + +Pis"ci*cap`ture (?), n. Capture of fishes, as by angling. [R.] W. H. +Russell. + +Pis`ci*cul"tur*al (?), a. Relating to pisciculture. + +Pis`ci*cul"ture (?), n. [L. piscis a fish + E. culture.] Fish culture. +See under Fish. + +Pis`ci*cul"tur*ist, n. One who breeds fish. + +Pis"ci*form (?), a. [L. piscis fish + -form.] Having the form of a +fish; resembling a fish. + +||Pis*ci"na (?), n. [L., a certain, fishpond, fr. piscis a fish.] +||(Arch.) A niche near the altar in a church, containing a small basin +||for rinsing altar vessels. + +Pis"ci*nal (?), a. [L. piscinalis: cf. F. piscinal.] Belonging to a +fishpond or a piscina. + +Pis"cine (?), a. [L. piscis a fish.] (Zoˆl.) Of or pertaining to a fish +or fishes; as, piscine remains. + +Pis*civ"o*rous (?), a. [L. piscis a fish + vorare to devour: cf. F. +piscivore.] (Zoˆl.) Feeding or subsisting on fish. + +||Pi`sÈ" (?), n. [F. pisÈ, from piser to stamp, pound, L. pisare.] +||(Arch.) A species of wall made of stiff earth or clay rammed in +||between molds which are carried up as the wall rises; -- called also +||pisÈ work. Gwilt. + +Pish (?), interj. An exclamation of contempt. + +Pish (?), v. i. To express contempt. Pope. + +||Pi"shu (?), n. (Zoˆl.) The Canada lynx. [Written also peeshoo.] + +Pi"si*form (?), a. [L. pisum a pea + -form: cf. F. pisiforme.] +Resembling a pea or peas in size and shape; as, a pisiform iron ore. + +Pi"si*form, n. (Anat.) A small bone on the ulnar side of the carpus in +man and many mammals. See Illust. of Artiodactyla. + +Pis"mire (?), n. [Piss + mire; so called because it discharges a +moisture vulgarly considered urine. See Mire an ant.] (Zoˆl.) An ant, +or emmet. + +Pi"so*lite (?), n. [Gr. &?; a pea + - lite: cf. F. pisolithe.] (Min.) A +variety of calcite, or calcium carbonate, consisting of aggregated +globular concretions about the size of a pea; -- called also peastone, +peagrit. + +Oˆlite is similar in structure, but the concretions are as small as the +roe of a fish. + +Pi`so*lit"ic (?), a. [Cf. F. pisolithique.] (Min.) Composed of, +containing, or resembling, pisolite. + +Pis"o*phalt (?), n. [For pissasphalt.] (Min.) Pissasphalt. [Obs.] + +Piss (?), v. t. & i. [OE. pissen, F. pisser; akin to It. pisciare, D. & +G. pissen, Dan. pisse, Icel. pissa.] To discharge urine, to urinate. +Shak. + +Piss, n. Urine. + +Piss"a*bed` (?), n. (Bot.) A name locally applied to various wild +plants, as dandelion, bluet, oxeye daisy, etc. + +Pis"sas*phalt (?), n. [L. pissasphaltus, Gr. &?;; &?; pitch + &?; +asphalt: cf. F. pissasphalte.] (Min.) Earth pitch; a soft, black +bitumen of the consistence of tar, and of a strong smell. It is +inflammable, and intermediate between petroleum and asphalt. [Written +also pisasphaltum, pisasphalt, etc.] + +Pist (?), n. (Man.) See Piste. + +Pis*ta"chio (?), n. [It. pistacchio (cf. Sp. pistacho, F. pistache), +fr. L. pistacium, Gr. &?;, &?;, fr. Per. pistah. Cf. Fistinut.] (Bot.) +The nut of the Pistacia vera, a tree of the order AnacardiaceÊ, +containing a kernel of a pale greenish color, which has a pleasant +taste, resembling that of the almond, and yields an oil of agreeable +taste and odor; -- called also pistachio nut. It is wholesome and +nutritive. The tree grows in Arabia, Persia, Syria, and Sicily. +[Written also pistachia.] + +||Pis*ta"ci*a (?), n. [NL. See Pistachio.] (Bot.) The name of a genus +||of trees, including the tree which bears the pistachio, the +||Mediterranean mastic tree (Pistacia Lentiscus), and the species (P. +||Terebinthus) which yields Chian or Cyprus turpentine. + +Pis"ta*cite (?), n. [Cf. F. pistacite. So called from its green color. +See Pistachio.] (Min.) Epidote. + +Pis`ta*reen" (?), n. An old Spanish silver coin of the value of about +twenty cents. + +Pis"ta*zite (?), n. (Min.) Same as Pistacite. + +Piste (?), n. [F., fr. L. pisere, pinsere, pistum, to pound.] (Min.) +The track or tread a horseman makes upon the ground he goes over. +Johnson. + +{ Pis"tel (?), Pis"til (?) }, n. An epistle. [Obs.] + +Pis"tic (?), a. [L. pisticus, Gr. &?;.] Pure; genuine. [R.] Jer. +Taylor. + +Pis"til (?), n. [L. pistillum, pistillus, a pestle: cf. F. pistil. See +Pestle.] (Bot.) The seed-bearing organ of a flower. It consists of an +ovary, containing the ovules or rudimentary seeds, and a stigma, which +is commonly raised on an elongated portion called a style. When +composed of one carpel a pistil is simple; when composed of several, it +is compound. See Illust. of Flower, and Ovary. + +Pis`til*la"ceous (?), a. (Bot.) Growing on, or having nature of, the +pistil; of or pertaining to a pistil. Barton. + +Pis"til*late (?), a. (Bot.) Having a pistil or pistils; -- usually said +of flowers having pistils but no stamens. + +Pis`til*la"tion (?), n. [L. pistillum a pestle.] The act of pounding or +breaking in a mortar; pestillation. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne. + +||Pis`til*lid"i*um (?), n.; pl. Pistillida (#). [NL., fr. E. pistil.] +||(Bot.) Same as Archegonium. + +Pis`til*lif"er*ous (?), a. [Pistil + -ferous: cf. F. pistillifËre.] +(Bot.) Pistillate. + +Pis"til*lo*dy (?), n. [Pistil + Gr. &?; form.] (Bot.) The metamorphosis +of other organs into pistils. + +Pis"tol (?), n. [F. pistole, pistolet, It. pistola; prob. from a form +Pistola, for Pistoja, a town in Italy where pistols were first made. +Cf. Pistole.] The smallest firearm used, intended to be fired from one +hand, -- now of many patterns, and bearing a great variety of names. +See Illust. of Revolver. + +Pistol carbine, a firearm with a removable but-piece, and thus capable +of being used either as a pistol or a carbine. -- Pistol pipe (Metal.), +a pipe in which the blast for a furnace is heated, resembling a pistol +in form. -- Pistol shot. (a) The discharge of a pistol. (b) The +distance to which a pistol can propel a ball. + +Pis"tol, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pistoled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pistoling.] +[Cf. F. pistoler.] To shoot with a pistol. "To pistol a poacher." +Sydney Smith. + +Pis"to*lade` (?), n. [F.] A pistol shot. + +Pis*tole" (?), n. [F., probably a name given in jest in France to a +Spanish coin. Cf. Pistol.] The name of certain gold coins of various +values formerly coined in some countries of Europe. In Spain it was +equivalent to a quarter doubloon, or about $3.90, and in Germany and +Italy nearly the same. There was an old Italian pistole worth about +$5.40. + +Pis`to*leer" (?), n. [Cf. F. pistolier.] One who uses a pistol. [R.] +Carlyle. + +Pis"to*let` (?), n. [F., a dim. of pistole.] A small pistol. Donne. +Beau. & Fl. + +<! p. 1091 !> + +Pis"ton (?), n. [F. piston; cf. It. pistone piston, also pestone a +large pestle; all fr. L. pinsere, pistum, to pound, to stamp. See +Pestle, Pistil.] (Mach.) A sliding piece which either is moved by, or +moves against, fluid pressure. It usually consists of a short cylinder +fitting within a cylindrical vessel along which it moves, back and +forth. It is used in steam engines to receive motion from the steam, +and in pumps to transmit motion to a fluid; also for other purposes. + +Piston head (Steam Eng.), that part of a piston which is made fast to +the piston rod. -- Piston rod, a rod by which a piston is moved, or by +which it communicates motion. -- Piston valve (Steam Eng.), a slide +valve, consisting of a piston, or connected pistons, working in a +cylindrical case which is provided with ports that are traversed by the +valve. + +Pit (?), n. [OE. pit, put, AS. pytt a pit, hole, L. puteus a well, +pit.] 1. A large cavity or hole in the ground, either natural or +artificial; a cavity in the surface of a body; an indentation; +specifically: (a) The shaft of a coal mine; a coal pit. (b) A large +hole in the ground from which material is dug or quarried; as, a stone +pit; a gravel pit; or in which material is made by burning; as, a lime +pit; a charcoal pit. (c) A vat sunk in the ground; as, a tan pit. + + Tumble me into some loathsome pit. + + +Shak. + +2. Any abyss; especially, the grave, or hades. + + Back to the infernal pit I drag thee chained. + + +Milton. + + He keepth back his soul from the pit. + + +Job xxxiii. 18. + +3. A covered deep hole for entrapping wild beasts; a pitfall; hence, a +trap; a snare. Also used figuratively. + + The anointed of the Lord was taken in their pits. + + +Lam. iv. 20. + +4. A depression or hollow in the surface of the human body; as: (a) The +hollow place under the shoulder or arm; the axilla, or armpit. (b) See +Pit of the stomach (below). (c) The indentation or mark left by a +pustule, as in smallpox. + +5. Formerly, that part of a theater, on the floor of the house, below +the level of the stage and behind the orchestra; now, in England, +commonly the part behind the stalls; in the United States, the parquet; +also, the occupants of such a part of a theater. + +6. An inclosed area into which gamecocks, dogs, and other animals are +brought to fight, or where dogs are trained to kill rats. "As fiercely +as two gamecocks in the pit." Locke. + +7. [Cf. D. pit, akin to E. pith.] (Bot.) (a) The endocarp of a drupe, +and its contained seed or seeds; a stone; as, a peach pit; a cherry +pit, etc. (b) A depression or thin spot in the wall of a duct. + +Cold pit (Hort.), an excavation in the earth, lined with masonry or +boards, and covered with glass, but not artificially heated, -- used in +winter for the storing and protection of half-hardly plants, and +sometimes in the spring as a forcing bed. -- Pit coal, coal dug from +the earth; mineral coal. -- Pit frame, the framework over the shaft of +a coal mine. -- Pit head, the surface of the ground at the mouth of a +pit or mine. -- Pit kiln, an oven for coking coal. -- Pit martin +(Zoˆl.), the bank swallow. [Prov. Eng.] -- Pit of the stomach (Anat.), +the depression on the middle line of the epigastric region of the +abdomen at the lower end of the sternum; the infrasternal depression. +-- Pit saw (Mech.), a saw worked by two men, one of whom stands on the +log and the other beneath it. The place of the latter is often in a +pit, whence the name. -- Pit viper (Zoˆl.), any viperine snake having a +deep pit on each side of the snout. The rattlesnake and copperhead are +examples. - - Working pit (Min.), a shaft in which the ore is hoisted +and the workmen carried; -- in distinction from a shaft used for the +pumps. + +Pit, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pitted (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pitting.] 1. To +place or put into a pit or hole. + + They lived like beasts, and were pitted like beasts, tumbled into + the grave. + + +T. Grander. + +2. To mark with little hollows, as by various pustules; as, a face +pitted by smallpox. + +3. To introduce as an antagonist; to set forward for or in a contest; +as, to pit one dog against another. + +||Pi"ta (?), n. [Sp.] (Bot.) (a) A fiber obtained from the Agave +||Americana and other related species, -- used for making cordage and +||paper. Called also pita fiber, and pita thread. (b) The plant which +||yields the fiber. + +Pit`a*ha"ya (?), n. [Sp., prob. from the native name.] (Bot.) A +cactaceous shrub (Cereus Pitajaya) of tropical America, which yields a +delicious fruit. + +Pit"a*pat` (?), adv. [An onomatopoetic reduplication of pat a light, +quick blow.] In a flutter; with palpitation or quick succession of +beats. Lowell. "The fox's heart went pitapat." L'Estrange. + +Pit"a*pat`, n. A light, repeated sound; a pattering, as of the rain. +"The pitapat of a pretty foot." Dryden. + +Pitch (?), n. [OE. pich, AS. pic, L. pix; akin to Gr. &?;.] 1. A thick, +black, lustrous, and sticky substance obtained by boiling down tar. It +is used in calking the seams of ships; also in coating rope, canvas, +wood, ironwork, etc., to preserve them. + + He that toucheth pitch shall be defiled therewith. + + +Ecclus. xiii. 1. + +2. (Geol.) See Pitchstone. + +Amboyna pitch, the resin of Dammara australis. See Kauri. -- Burgundy +pitch. See under Burgundy. -- Canada pitch, the resinous exudation of +the hemlock tree (Abies Canadensis); hemlock gum. -- Jew's pitch, +bitumen. -- Mineral pitch. See Bitumen and Asphalt. -- Pitch coal +(Min.), bituminous coal. -- Pitch peat (Min.), a black homogeneous +peat, with a waxy luster. -- Pitch pine (Bot.), any one of several +species of pine, yielding pitch, esp. the Pinus rigida of North +America. + +Pitch, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pitched (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pitching.] [See +Pitch, n.] 1. To cover over or smear with pitch. Gen. vi. 14. + +2. Fig.: To darken; to blacken; to obscure. + + The welkin pitched with sullen could. + + +Addison. + +Pitch (?), v. t. [OE. picchen; akin to E. pick, pike.] 1. To throw, +generally with a definite aim or purpose; to cast; to hurl; to toss; +as, to pitch quoits; to pitch hay; to pitch a ball. + +2. To thrust or plant in the ground, as stakes or poles; hence, to fix +firmly, as by means of poles; to establish; to arrange; as, to pitch a +tent; to pitch a camp. + +3. To set, face, or pave with rubble or undressed stones, as an +embankment or a roadway. Knight. + +4. To fix or set the tone of; as, to pitch a tune. + +5. To set or fix, as a price or value. [Obs.] Shak. + +Pitched battle, a general battle; a battle in which the hostile forces +have fixed positions; -- in distinction from a skirmish. -- To pitch +into, to attack; to assault; to abuse. [Slang] + +Pitch, v. i. 1. To fix or place a tent or temporary habitation; to +encamp. "Laban with his brethren pitched in the Mount of Gilead." Gen. +xxxi. 25. + +2. To light; to settle; to come to rest from flight. + + The tree whereon they [the bees] pitch. + + +Mortimer. + +3. To fix one's choise; -- with on or upon. + + Pitch upon the best course of life, and custom will render it the + more easy. + + +Tillotson. + +4. To plunge or fall; esp., to fall forward; to decline or slope; as, +to pitch from a precipice; the vessel pitches in a heavy sea; the field +pitches toward the east. + +Pitch and pay, an old aphorism which inculcates ready-money payment, or +payment on delivery of goods. Shak. + +Pitch, n. 1. A throw; a toss; a cast, as of something from the hand; +as, a good pitch in quoits. + +Pitch and toss, a game played by tossing up a coin, and calling "Heads +or tails;" hence: To play pitch and toss with (anything), to be +careless or trust to luck about it. "To play pitch and toss with the +property of the country." G. Eliot. -- Pitch farthing. See Chuck +farthing, under 5th Chuck. + +2. (Cricket) That point of the ground on which the ball pitches or +lights when bowled. + +3. A point or peak; the extreme point or degree of elevation or +depression; hence, a limit or bound. + + Driven headlong from the pitch of heaven, down Into this deep. + + +Milton. + + Enterprises of great pitch and moment. + + +Shak. + + To lowest pitch of abject fortune. + + +Milton. + + He lived when learning was at its highest pitch. + + +Addison. + + The exact pitch, or limits, where temperance ends. + + +Sharp. + +4. Height; stature. [Obs.] Hudibras. + +5. A descent; a fall; a thrusting down. + +6. The point where a declivity begins; hence, the declivity itself; a +descending slope; the degree or rate of descent or slope; slant; as, a +steep pitch in the road; the pitch of a roof. + +7. (Mus.) The relative acuteness or gravity of a tone, determined by +the number of vibrations which produce it; the place of any tone upon a +scale of high and low. + +Musical tones with reference to absolute pitch, are named after the +first seven letters of the alphabet; with reference to relative pitch, +in a series of tones called the scale, they are called one, two, three, +four, five, six, seven, eight. Eight is also one of a new scale an +octave higher, as one is eight of a scale an octave lower. + +8. (Mining) The limit of ground set to a miner who receives a share of +the ore taken out. + +9. (Mech.) (a) The distance from center to center of any two adjacent +teeth of gearing, measured on the pitch line; -- called also circular +pitch. (b) The length, measured along the axis, of a complete turn of +the thread of a screw, or of the helical lines of the blades of a screw +propeller. (c) The distance between the centers of holes, as of rivet +holes in boiler plates. + +Concert pitch (Mus.), the standard of pitch used by orchestras, as in +concerts, etc. -- Diametral pitch (Gearing), the distance which bears +the same relation to the pitch proper, or circular pitch, that the +diameter of a circle bears to its circumference; it is sometimes +described by the number expressing the quotient obtained by dividing +the number of teeth in a wheel by the diameter of its pitch circle in +inches; as, 4 pitch, 8 pitch, etc. -- Pitch chain, a chain, as one made +of metallic plates, adapted for working with a sprocket wheel. -- Pitch +line, or Pitch circle (Gearing), an ideal line, in a toothed gear or +rack, bearing such a relation to a corresponding line in another gear, +with which the former works, that the two lines will have a common +velocity as in rolling contact; it usually cuts the teeth at about the +middle of their height, and, in a circular gear, is a circle concentric +with the axis of the gear; the line, or circle, on which the pitch of +teeth is measured. -- Pitch of a roof (Arch.), the inclination or slope +of the sides expressed by the height in parts of the span; as, one half +pitch; whole pitch; or by the height in parts of the half span, +especially among engineers; or by degrees, as a pitch of 30∞, of 45∞, +etc.; or by the rise and run, that is, the ratio of the height to the +half span; as, a pitch of six rise to ten run. Equilateral pitch is +where the two sloping sides with the span form an equilateral triangle. +-- Pitch of a plane (Carp.), the slant of the cutting iron. -- Pitch +pipe, a wind instrument used by choristers in regulating the pitch of a +tune. -- Pitch point (Gearing), the point of contact of the pitch lines +of two gears, or of a rack and pinion, which work together. + +Pitch"-black` (?), a. Black as pitch or tar. + +Pitch"blende` (?), n. [1st pitch + blende.] (Min.) A pitch-black +mineral consisting chiefly of the oxide of uranium; uraninite. See +Uraninite. + +Pitch"-dark`, a. Dark as a pitch; pitch-black. + +Pitch"er (?), n. 1. One who pitches anything, as hay, quoits, a ball, +etc.; specifically (Baseball), the player who delivers the ball to the +batsman. + +2. A sort of crowbar for digging. [Obs.] Mortimer. + +Pitch"er (?), n. [OE. picher, OF. pichier, OHG. pehhar, pehhri; prob. +of the same origin as E. beaker. Cf. Beaker.] 1. A wide-mouthed, deep +vessel for holding liquids, with a spout or protruding lip and a +handle; a water jug or jar with a large ear or handle. + +2. (Bot.) A tubular or cuplike appendage or expansion of the leaves of +certain plants. + +American pitcher plants, the species of Sarracenia. See Sarracenia. -- +Australian pitcher plant, the Cephalotus follicularis, a low +saxifragaceous herb having two kinds of radical leaves, some +oblanceolate and entire, others transformed into little ovoid pitchers, +longitudinally triple-winged and ciliated, the mouth covered with a lid +shaped like a cockleshell. -- California pitcher plant, the +Darlingtonia California. See Darlingtonia. -- Pitcher plant, any plant +with the whole or a part of the leaves transformed into pitchers or +cuplike organs, especially the species of Nepenthes. See Nepenthes. + +Pitch"er*ful (?), n.; pl. Pitcherfuls (&?;). The quantity a pitcher +will hold. + +Pitch"-faced` (?), a. (Stone Cutting) Having the arris defined by a +line beyond which the rock is cut away, so as to give nearly true +edges; -- said of squared stones that are otherwise quarry-faced. + +Pitch"fork` (?), n. A fork, or farming utensil, used in pitching hay, +sheaves of grain, or the like. + +Pitch"fork`, v. t. To pitch or throw with, or as with, a pitchfork. + + He has been pitchforked into the footguards. + + +G. A. Sala. + +Pitch"i*ness (?), n. [From Pitchy.] Blackness, as of pitch; darkness. + +Pitch"ing, n. 1. The act of throwing or casting; a cast; a pitch; as, +wild pitching in baseball. + +2. The rough paving of a street to a grade with blocks of stone. +Mayhew. + +3. (Hydraul. Eng.) A facing of stone laid upon a bank to prevent wear +by tides or currents. + +Pitching piece (Carp.), the horizontal timber supporting the floor of a +platform of a stairway, and against which the stringpieces of the +sloping parts are supported. + +Pitch"-ore` (?), n. (Min.) Pitchblende. + +Pitch"stone` (?), n. (Geol.) An igneous rock of semiglassy nature, +having a luster like pitch. + +Pitch"work` (?), n. The work of a coal miner who is paid by a share of +his product. + +Pitch"y (?), a. [From 1st Pitch.] 1. Partaking of the qualities of +pitch; resembling pitch. + +2. Smeared with pitch. + +3. Black; pitch-dark; dismal. "Pitchy night." Shak. + +Pit"e*ous (?), a. [OE. pitous, OF. pitos, F. piteux. See Pity.] 1. +Pious; devout. [Obs.] + + The Lord can deliver piteous men from temptation. + + +Wyclif. + +2. Evincing pity, compassion, or sympathy; compassionate; tender. +"[She] piteous of his case." Pope. + + She was so charitable and so pitous. + + +Chaucer. + +3. Fitted to excite pity or sympathy; wretched; miserable; lamentable; +sad; as, a piteous case. Spenser. + + The most piteous tale of Lear. + + +Shak. + +4. Paltry; mean; pitiful. "Piteous amends." Milton. + +Syn. -- Sorrowful; mournful; affecting; doleful; woeful; rueful; sad; +wretched; miserable; pitiable; pitiful; compassionate. + +-- Pit"e*ous*ly, adv. -- Pit"e*ous*ness, n. + +Pit"fall` (?), n. A pit deceitfully covered to entrap wild beasts or +men; a trap of any kind. Sir T. North. + +Pit"fall`ing, a. Entrapping; insnaring. [R.] "Full of . . . +contradiction and pitfalling dispenses." Milton. + +Pith (?), n. [AS. pi&?;a; akin to D. pit pith, kernel, LG. peddik. Cf. +Pit a kernel.] 1. (Bot.) The soft spongy substance in the center of the +stems of many plants and trees, especially those of the dicotyledonous +or exogenous classes. It consists of cellular tissue. + +2. (a) (Zoˆl.) The spongy interior substance of a feather. (b) (Anat.) +The spinal cord; the marrow. + +3. Hence: The which contains the strength of life; the vital or +essential part; concentrated force; vigor; strength; importance; as, +the speech lacked pith. + + Enterprises of great pith and moment. + + +Shak. + +Pith paper. Same as Rice paper, under Rice. + +Pith, v. t. (Physiol.) To destroy the central nervous system of (an +animal, as a frog), as by passing a stout wire or needle up and down +the vertebral canal. + +||Pi*the"ci (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; an ape.] (Zoˆl.) A division +||of mammals including the apes and monkeys. Sometimes used in the +||sense of Primates. + +Pith"e*coid (?), a. [Gr. &?; an ape + -oid.] (Zoˆl.) 1. Of or +pertaining to the genus Pithecia, or subfamily PithecinÊ, which +includes the saki, ouakari, and other allied South American monkeys. + +2. Of or pertaining to the anthropoid apes in particular, or to the +higher apes of the Old World, collectively. + +Pith"ful (?), a. Full of pith. [R.] W. Browne. + +Pith"i*ly (?), adv. In a pithy manner. + +Pith"i*ness, n. The quality or state of being pithy. + +Pith"less, a. Destitute of pith, or of strength; feeble. Dryden. +"Pithless argumentation." Glandstone. + +Pit"-hole` (?), n. A pit; a pockmark. + +Pith"some (?), a. Pithy; robust. [R.] "Pithsome health and vigor." R. +D. Blackmore. + +Pith"y (?), a. [Compar. Pithier (?); superl. Pithiest.] 1. Consisting +wholly, or in part, of pith; abounding in pith; as, a pithy stem; a +pithy fruit. + +2. Having nervous energy; forceful; cogent. + + This pithy speech prevailed, and all agreed. + + +Dryden. + + In all these Goodman Fact was very short, but pithy. + + +Addison. + +Pithy gall (Zoˆl.), a large, rough, furrowed, oblong gall, formed on +blackberry canes by a small gallfly (Diastrophus nebulosus). + +<! p. 1092 !> + +Pit"i*a*ble (?), a. [Cf. OF. pitiable, F. pitoyable.] Deserving pity; +wworthy of, or exciting, compassion; miserable; lamentable; piteous; +as, pitiable persons; a pitiable condition; pitiable wretchedness. + +Syn. -- Sorrowful; woeful; sad. See Piteous. + +-- Pit"i*a*ble*ness, n. -- Pit"i*a*bly, adv. + +Pit"i*er (?), n. One who pities. Gauden. + +Pit"i*ful (?), a. 1. Full of pity; tender-hearted; compassionate; kind; +merciful; sympathetic. + + The Lord is very pitiful, and of tender mercy. + + +James v. 11. + +2. Piteous; lamentable; eliciting compassion. + + A thing, indeed, very pitiful and horrible. + + +Spenser. + +3. To be pitied for littleness or meanness; miserable; paltry; +contemptible; despicable. + + That's villainous, and shows a most pitiful ambition in the fool + that uses it. + + +Shak. + +Syn. -- Despicable; mean; paltry. See Contemptible. + +-- Pit"i*ful*ly, adv. -- Pit"i*ful*ness, n. + +Pit"i*less, a. 1. Destitute of pity; hard-hearted; merciless; as, a +pitilessmaster; pitiless elements. + +2. Exciting no pity; as, a pitiless condition. + +-- Pit"i*less*ly, adv. -- Pit"i*less*ness, n. + +Pit"man (?), n.; pl. Pitmen (&?;). 1. One who works in a pit, as in +mining, in sawing timber, etc. + +2. (Mach.) The connecting rod in a sawmill; also, sometimes, a +connecting rod in other machinery. + +Pi*tot's" tube` (?). (Hydraul.) A bent tube used to determine the +velocity of running water, by placing the curved end under water, and +observing the height to which the fluid rises in the tube; a kind of +current meter. + +Pit"pan` (?), n. A long, flat- bottomed canoe, used for the navigation +of rivers and lagoons in Central America. Squier. + +Pit"pat` (?), n. & adv. See Pitapat. + +Pit"ta (pt"t), n. (Zoˆl.) Any one of a large group of bright-colored +clamatorial birds belonging to Pitta, and allied genera of the family +PittidÊ. Most of the species are varied with three or more colors, such +as blue, green, crimson, yellow, purple, and black. They are called +also ground thrushes, and Old World ant thrushes; but they are not +related to the true thrushes. + +The pittas are most abundant in the East Indies, but some inhabit +Southern Asia, Africa, and Australia. They live mostly upon the ground, +and feed upon insects of various kinds. + +Pit"ta*cal (pt"t*kl), n. [Gr. pi`tta, pi`ssa, pitch + kalo`s beautiful: +cf. F. pittacale.] (Chem.) A dark blue substance obtained from wood +tar. It consists of hydrocarbons which when oxidized form the +orange-yellow eupittonic compounds, the salts of which are dark blue. + +Pit"tance (pt"tans), n. [OE. pitance, pitaunce, F. pitance; cf. It. +pietanza, LL. pitancia, pittantia, pictantia; perh. fr. L. pietas pity, +piety, or perhaps akin to E. petty. Cf. Petty, and Pity.] 1. An +allowance of food bestowed in charity; a mess of victuals; hence, a +small charity gift; a dole. "A good pitaunce." Chaucer. + + One half only of this pittance was ever given him in money. + + +Macaulay. + +2. A meager portion, quantity, or allowance; an inconsiderable salary +or compensation. "The small pittance of learning they received." Swift. + + The inconsiderable pittance of faithful professors. + + +Fuller. + +Pit"ted (-td), a. 1. Marked with little pits, as in smallpox. See Pit, +v. t., 2. + +2. (Bot.) Having minute thin spots; as, pitted ducts in the vascular +parts of vegetable tissue. + +Pit"ter (?), n. A contrivance for removing the pits from peaches, +plums, and other stone fruit. + +Pit"ter, v. i. To make a pattering sound; to murmur; as, pittering +streams. [Obs.] R. Greene. + +Pit"tle-pat`tle (?), v. i. To talk unmeaningly; to chatter or prattle. +[R.] Latimer. + +Pi*tu"i*ta*ry (?), a. [L. pituita phlegm, pituite: cf. F. pituitarie.] +(Anat.) (a) Secreting mucus or phlegm; as, the pituitary membrane, or +the mucous membrane which lines the nasal cavities. (b) Of or +pertaining to the pituitary body; as, the pituitary fossa. + +Pituitary body or gland (Anat.), a glandlike body of unknown function, +situated in the pituitary fossa, and connected with the infundibulum of +the brain; the hypophysis. -- Pituitary fossa (Anat.), the ephippium. + +Pit"u*ite (?), n. [L. pituita: cf. F. pituite. Cf. Pip a disease of +fowls.] Mucus, phlegm. + +Pi*tu"i*tous (?), a. [L. pituitosus: cf. F. pituiteux.] Consisting of, +or resembling, pituite or mucus; full of mucus; discharging mucus. + +Pituitous fever (Med.), typhoid fever; enteric fever. + +Pit"y (?), n.; pl. Pities (#). [OE. pite, OF. pitÈ, pitiÈ, F. pitiÈ, L. +pietas piety, kindness, pity. See Pious, and cf. Piety.] 1. Piety. +[Obs.] Wyclif. + +2. A feeling for the sufferings or distresses of another or others; +sympathy with the grief or misery of another; compassion; +fellow-feeling; commiseration. + + He that hath pity upon the poor lendeth unto the Lord. + + +Prov. xix. 17. + + He . . . has no more pity in him than a dog. + + +Shak. + +3. A reason or cause of pity, grief, or regret; a thing to be +regretted. "The more the pity." Shak. + + What pity is it That we can die but once to serve our country! + + +Addison. + +In this sense, sometimes used in the plural, especially in the +colloquialism: "It is a thousand pities." + +Syn. -- Compassion; mercy; commiseration; condolence; sympathy, +fellow-suffering; fellow-feeling. -- Pity, Sympathy, Compassion. +Sympathy is literally fellow-feeling, and therefore requiers a certain +degree of equality in situation, circumstances, etc., to its fullest +exercise. Compassion is deep tenderness for another under severe or +inevitable misfortune. Pity regards its object not only as suffering, +but weak, and hence as inferior. + +Pit"y (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pitied (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pitying.] 1. +To feel pity or compassion for; to have sympathy with; to +compassionate; to commiserate; to have tender feelings toward (any +one), awakened by a knowledge of suffering. + + Like as a father pitieth his children, so the Lord pitieth them + that fear him. + + +Ps. ciii. 13. + +2. To move to pity; -- used impersonally. [Obs.] + + It pitieth them to see her in the dust. + + +Bk. of Com. Prayer. + +Pit"y, v. i. To be compassionate; to show pity. + + I will not pity, nor spare, nor have mercy. + + +Jer. xiii. 14. + +Pit"y*ing, a. Expressing pity; as, a pitying eye, glance, or word. -- +Pit"y*ing*ly, adv. + +||Pit`y*ri"a*sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?;, lit., bran.] +||(Med.) A superficial affection of the skin, characterized by +||irregular patches of thin scales which are shed in branlike +||particles. + +||Pityriasis versicolor [NL.] (Med.), a parasitic disease of the skin, +||characterized by the development of reddish or brownish patches. + +Pit"y*roid (?), a. [Gr. &?; bran + - oid.] Having the form of, or +resembling, bran. Smart. + +||Pi"˘ (?), adv. [It., fr. L. plus. See Plus.] (Mus.) A little more; +||as, pi˘ allegro, a little more briskly. + +Piv"ot (?), n. [F.; prob. akin to It. piva pipe, F. pipe. See Pipe.] 1. +A fixed pin or short axis, on the end of which a wheel or other body +turns. + +2. The end of a shaft or arbor which rests and turns in a support; as, +the pivot of an arbor in a watch. + +3. Hence, figuratively: A turning point or condition; that on which +important results depend; as, the pivot of an enterprise. + +4. (Mil.) The officer or soldier who simply turns in his place whike +the company or line moves around him in wheeling; -- called also pivot +man. + +Pivot bridge, a form of drawbridge in which one span, called the pivot +span, turns about a central vertical axis. -- Pivot gun, a gun mounted +on a pivot or revolving carriage, so as to turn in any direction. -- +Pivot tooth (Dentistry), an artificial crown attached to the root of a +natural tooth by a pin or peg. + +Piv"ot, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pivoted; p. pr. & vb. n. Pivoting.] To +place on a pivot. Clarke. + +Piv"ot*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to a pivot or turning point; +belonging to, or constituting, a pivot; of the nature of a pivot; as, +the pivotalopportunity of a career; the pivotal position in a battle. + +Pix (?), n. & v. See Pyx. + +{ Pix"y, Pix"ie } (?), n.; pl. Pixies (#). [For Pucksy, from Puck.] 1. +An old English name for a fairy; an elf. [Written also picksy.] + +2. (Bot.) A low creeping evergreen plant (Pyxidanthera barbulata), with +mosslike leaves and little white blossoms, found in New Jersey and +southward, where it flowers in earliest spring. + +Pixy ring, a fairy ring or circle. [Prov. Eng.] -- Pixy stool (Bot.), a +toadstool or mushroom. [Prov. Eng.] + +Pix"y-led` (?), a. Led by pixies; bewildered. + +||Piz`zi*ca"to (?). [It., pinched.] (Mus.) A direction to violinists to +||pluck the string with the finger, instead of using the bow. (Abrev. +||pizz.) + +Piz"zle (?), n. [Cf. Prov. G. pissel, pesel, peisel, peserich, D. pees +a tendon or spring.] The penis; -- so called in some animals, as the +bull. Shak. + +Pla`ca*bil"i*ty (?), n. [L. placabilitas: cf. F. placabilitÈ.] The +quality or state of being placable or appeasable; placable disposition. + +Pla"ca*ble (?), a. [L. placabilis, fr. placare to quiet, pacify: cf. F. +placable. See Placate.] Capable of being appeased or pacified; ready or +willing to be pacified; willing to forgive or condone. + + Methought I saw him placable and mild. + + +Milton. + +Pla"ca*ble*ness, n. The quality of being placable. + +Pla*card" (?), n. [F., fr. plaquer to lay or clap on, plaque plate, +tablet; probably from Dutch, cf. D. plakken to paste, post up, plak a +flat piece of wood.] 1. A public proclamation; a manifesto or edict +issued by authority. [Obs.] + + All placards or edicts are published in his name. + + +Howell. + +2. Permission given by authority; a license; as, to give a placard to +do something. [Obs.] ller. + +3. A written or printed paper, as an advertisement or a declaration, +posted, or to be posted, in a public place; a poster. + +4. (Anc. Armor) An extra plate on the lower part of the breastplate or +backplate. PlanchÈ. + +5. [Cf. Placket.] A kind of stomacher, often adorned with jewels, worn +in the fifteenth century and later. + +Pla*card", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Placarded; p. pr. & vb. n. Placarding.] +1. To post placards upon or within; as, to placard a wall, to placard +the city. + +2. To announce by placards; as, to placard a sale. + +Plac"ate (?), n. Same as Placard, 4 & 5. + +Pla"cate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Placated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Placating.] [L. placatus, p. p. of placare to placate, akin to placere +to please. See Please.] To appease; to pacify; to concilate. "Therefore +is he always propitiated and placated." Cudworth. + +Pla*ca"tion (?), n. [L. placatio.] The act of placating. [R.] Puttenham +(1589). + +Place (?), n. [F., fr. L. platea a street, an area, a courtyard, from +Gr. platei^a a street, properly fem. of platy`s, flat, broad; akin to +Skr. pthu, Lith. platus. Cf. Flawn, Piazza, Plate, Plaza.] 1. Any +portion of space regarded as measured off or distinct from all other +space, or appropriated to some definite object or use; position; +ground; site; spot; rarely, unbounded space. + + Here is the place appointed. + + +Shak. + + What place can be for us Within heaven's bound? + + +Milton. + + The word place has sometimes a more confused sense, and stands for + that space which any body takes up; and so the universe is a place. + + +Locke. + +2. A broad way in a city; an open space; an area; a court or short part +of a street open only at one end. "Hangman boys in the market place." +Shak. + +3. A position which is occupied and held; a dwelling; a mansion; a +village, town, or city; a fortified town or post; a stronghold; a +region or country. + + Are you native of this place? + + +Shak. + +4. Rank; degree; grade; order of priority, advancement, dignity, or +importance; especially, social rank or position; condition; also, +official station; occupation; calling. "The enervating magic of place." +Hawthorne. + + Men in great place are thrice servants. + + +Bacon. + + I know my place as I would they should do theirs. + + +Shak. + +5. Vacated or relinquished space; room; stead (the departure or removal +of another being or thing being implied). "In place of Lord Bassanio." +Shak. + +6. A definite position or passage of a document. + + The place of the scripture which he read was this. + + +Acts viii. 32. + +7. Ordinal relation; position in the order of proceeding; as, he said +in the first place. + +8. Reception; effect; -- implying the making room for. + + My word hath no place in you. + + +John viii. 37. + +9. (Astron.) Position in the heavens, as of a heavenly body; -- usually +defined by its right ascension and declination, or by its latitude and +longitude. + +Place of arms (Mil.), a place calculated for the rendezvous of men in +arms, etc., as a fort which affords a safe retreat for hospitals, +magazines, etc. Wilhelm. -- High place (Script.), a mount on which +sacrifices were offered. "Him that offereth in the high place." Jer. +xlviii. 35. -- In place, in proper position; timely. -- Out of place, +inappropriate; ill-timed; as, his remarks were out of place. -- Place +kick (Football), the act of kicking the ball after it has been placed +on the ground. -- Place name, the name of a place or locality. London +Academy. -- To give place, to make room; to yield; to give way; to give +advantage. "Neither give place to the devil." Eph. iv. 27. "Let all the +rest give place." Shak. -- To have place, to have a station, room, or +seat; as, such desires can have no place in a good heart. -- To take +place. (a) To come to pass; to occur; as, the ceremony will not take +place. (b) To take precedence or priority. Addison. (c) To take effect; +to prevail. "If your doctrine takes place." Berkeley. "But none of +these excuses would take place." Spenser. - - To take the place of, to +be substituted for. + +Syn. -- Situation; seat; abode; position; locality; location; site; +spot; office; employment; charge; function; trust; ground; room; stead. + +Place (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Placed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Placing +(?).] [Cf. F. placer. See Place, n.] 1. To assign a place to; to put in +a particular spot or place, or in a certain relative position; to +direct to a particular place; to fix; to settle; to locate; as, to +place a book on a shelf; to place balls in tennis. + + Upon my head they placed a fruitless crown. + + +Shak. + +2. To put or set in a particular rank, office, or position; to surround +with particular circumstances or relations in life; to appoint to +certain station or condition of life; as, in whatever sphere one is +placed. + + Place such over them to be rulers. + + +Ex. xviii. 21. + +3. To put out at interest; to invest; to loan; as, to place money in a +bank. + +4. To set; to fix; to repose; as, to place confidence in a friend. "My +resolution 's placed." Shak. + +5. To attribute; to ascribe; to set down. + + Place it for her chief virtue. + + +Shak. + +To place (a person), to identify him. [Colloq. U.S.] + +Syn. -- See Put. + +||Pla*ce"bo (?), n. [L., I shall please, fut. of placere to please.] 1. +||(R. C. Ch.) The first antiphon of the vespers for the dead. + +2. (Med.) A prescription intended to humor or satisfy. + +To sing placebo, to agree with one in his opinion; to be complaisant +to. Chaucer. + +Place"ful (?), a. In the appointed place. [Obs.] + +Place"less, a. Having no place or office. + +Place"man (?), n.; pl. Placemen (&?;). One who holds or occupies a +place; one who has office under government. Sir W. Scott. + +Place"ment (?), n. [Cf. F. placement.] 1. The act of placing, or the +state of being placed. + +2. Position; place. + +Pla*cen"ta (?), n.; pl. L. PlacentÊ (#), E. Placentas (#). [L., a cake, +Gr. &?; a flat cake, from &?; flat, fr. &?;, &?;, anything flat and +broad.] 1. (Anat.) The vascular appendage which connects the fetus with +the parent, and is cast off in parturition with the afterbirth. + +In most mammals the placenta is principally developed from the +allantois and chorion, and tufts of vascular villi on its surface +penetrate the blood vessels of the parental uterus, and thus establish +a nutritive and excretory connection between the blood of the fetus and +that of the parent, though the blood itself does not flow from one to +the other. + +2. (Bot.) The part of a pistil or fruit to which the ovules or seeds +are attached. + +Pla*cen"tal (?), a. 1. Of or pertaining to the placenta; having, or +characterized by having, a placenta; as, a placental mammal. + +2. (Zoˆl.) Of or pertaining to the Placentalia. + +Pla*cen"tal, n. (Zoˆl.) One of the Placentalia. + +<! p. 1093 !> + +||Plac`en*ta"li*a (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zoˆl.) A division of Mammalia +||including those that have a placenta, or all the orders above the +||marsupials. + +Pla*cen"ta*ry (?), a. Having reference to the placenta; as, the +placentary system of classification. + +Plac`en*ta"tion (?), n. 1. (Anat.) The mode of formation of the +placenta in different animals; as, the placentation of mammals. + +2. (Bot.) The mode in which the placenta is arranged or composed; as, +axile placentation; parietal placentation. + +Plac`en*tif"er*ous (?), a. [Placenta + -ferous.] (Bot. & Zoˆl.) Having +or producing a placenta. + +Pla*cen"ti*form (?), a. [Placenta + -form.] (Bot.) Having the shape of +a placenta, or circular thickened disk somewhat thinner about the +middle. + +Pla*cen"tious (?), a. [See Please.] Pleasing; amiable. [Obs.] "A +placentious person." Fuller. + +Place"-proud` (?), a. Proud of rank or office. Beau. & Fl. + +Pla"cer (?), n. One who places or sets. Spenser. + +Plac"er (?), n. [Sp.] A deposit of earth, sand, or gravel, containing +valuable mineral in particles, especially by the side of a river, or in +the bed of a mountain torrent. [U.S.] + +||Pla"cet (?), n. [L. placet it pleases.] 1. A vote of assent, as of +||the governing body of a university, of an ecclesiastical council, +||etc. + +2. The assent of the civil power to the promulgation of an +ecclesiastical ordinance. Shipley. + + The king . . . annulled the royal placet. + + +J. P. Peters. + +Plac"id (?), a. [L. placidus, originally, pleasing, mild, from placere +to please: cf. F. placide. See Please.] Pleased; contented; unruffied; +undisturbed; serene; peaceful; tranquil; quiet; gentle. "That placid +aspect and meek regard." Milton. "Sleeping . . . the placid sleep of +infancy." Macaulay. + +Pla*cid"i*ty (?), n. [L. placiditas: cf. F. placiditÈ.] The quality or +state of being placid; calmness; serenity. Hawthorne. + +Plac"id*ly (?), adv. In a placid manner. + +Plac"id*ness, n. The quality or state of being placid. + +Plac"it (?), n. [L. placitum. See Plea.] A decree or determination; a +dictum. [Obs.] "The placits and opinions of other philosophers." +Evelyn. + +Plac"i*to*ry (?), a. [See Placit.] Of or pertaining to pleas or +pleading, in courts of law. [Obs.] Clayton. + +||Plac"i*tum (?), n.; pl. Placita (#). [LL. See Placit.] 1. A public +||court or assembly in the Middle Ages, over which the sovereign +||president when a consultation was held upon affairs of state. Brande +||& C. + +2. (Old Eng. Law) A court, or cause in court. + +3. (Law) A plea; a pleading; a judicial proceeding; a suit. Burrill. + +Plack (?), n. [F. plaque a plate of metal. Cf. Plaque.] A small copper +coin formerly current in Scotland, worth less than a cent. + + With not a plack in the pocket of the poet. + + +Prof. Wilson. + +Plack"et (?), n. [F. plaquer to lay or clap on. See Placard.] 1. A +petticoat, esp. an under petticoat; hence, a cant term for a woman. +[Obs.] Beau. & Fl. + +2. The opening or slit left in a petticoat or skirt for convenience in +putting it on; -- called also placket hole. + +3. A woman's pocket. + +Plac"o*derm (?), n. [Gr. &?;, &?;, tablet + &?; skin.] (Paleon.) One of +the Placodermi. + +Plac`o*der"mal (?), a. (Paleon.) Of or pertaining to the placoderms; +like the placoderms. + +||Plac`o*der"ma*ta (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Paleon.) Same as Placodermi. + +||Plac`o*der"mi (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, &?;, a tablet + &?; +||skin.] (Paleon.) An extinct group of fishes, supposed to be ganoids. +||The body and head were covered with large bony plates. See Illust. +||under Pterichthys, and Coccosteus. + +Plac`o*ga"noid (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Pertaining to the Placoganoidei. + +||Plac`o*ga*noi"de*i (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, &?;, a tablet + NL. +||ganoidei. See Ganoidei.] (Zoˆl.) A division of ganoid fishes +||including those that have large external bony plates and a +||cartilaginous skeleton. + +Plac"oid (?), a. [Gr. &?;, &?;, a tablet + -oid.] (Zoˆl.) Platelike; +having irregular, platelike, bony scales, often bearing spines; +pertaining to the placoids. + +Plac"oid, n. (Zoˆl.) (a) Any fish having placoid scales, as the sharks. +(b) One of the Placoides. + +||Pla*coi"des (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zoˆl.) A group of fishes including the +||sharks and rays; the Elasmobranchii; -- called also Placoidei. + +Pla*coid"i*an (?), n. (Zoˆl.) One of the placoids. + +||Pla*coph"o*ra (?), n. pl. [NL., from Gr. &?;, &?;, tablet + &?; to +||bear.] (Zoˆl.) A division of gastropod Mollusca, including the +||chitons. The back is covered by eight shelly plates. Called also +||Polyplacophora. See Illust. under Chiton, and Isopleura. + +||Pla"ga (?), n.; pl. PlagÊ (#). [L. plga a blow, a welt, a stripe.] +||(Zoˆl.) A stripe of color. + +Pla"gal (?), a. [F., from Gr. &?; sidewise, slanting.] (Mus.) Having a +scale running from the dominant to its octave; -- said of certain old +church modes or tunes, as opposed to those called authentic, which ran +from the tonic to its octave. + +Plagal cadence, a cadence in which the final chord on the tonic is +preceded by the chord on the subdominant. + +Pla"gate (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Having plagÊ, or irregular enlongated color +spots. + +Plage (?), n. [F., fr. L. plaga.] A region; country. [Obs.] "The plages +of the north." Chaucer. + +Pla"gia*rism (?), n. [Cf. F. plagiarisme.] 1. The act or practice of +plagiarizing. + +2. That which plagiarized. + +Pla"gia*rist (?), n. One who plagiarizes; or purloins the words, +writings, or ideas of another, and passes them off as his own; a +literary thief; a plagiary. + +Pla"gia*rize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Plagiarized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Plagiarizing.] To steal or purloin from the writings of another; to +appropriate without due acknowledgement (the ideas or expressions of +another). + +Pla"gia*ry, v. i. To commit plagiarism. + +Pla"gia*ry (?), n.; pl. Plagiaries (#). [L. plagiarius a kidnaper, a +literary thief, fr. plagium kidnaping; cf. plaga a net, perh. akin to +E. plait: cf. F. plagiaire.] 1. A manstealer; a kidnaper. [Obs.] + +2. One who purloins another's expressions or ideas, and offers them as +his own; a plagiarist. Dryden. + +3. Plagiarism; literary thief. Milton. + +Pla"gia*ry, a. 1. Kidnaping. [Obs.] E. Browne. + +2. Practicing plagiarism. Bp. Hall. + +Pla`gi*he"dral (?), a. [Gr. &?; oblique + &?; base, seat.] +(Crystallog.) Having an oblique spiral arrangement of planes, as +levogyrate and dextrogyrate crystals. + +Pla`gi*o*ce*phal"ic (?), a. [Gr. &?; oblique + &?; the head.] (Anat.) +Having an oblique lateral deformity of the skull. + +Pla`gi*o*ceph"a*ly (?), n. (Anat.) Oblique lateral deformity of the +skull. + +Pla"gi*o*clase (?), n. [Gr. &?; oblique + &?; to break.] (Min.) A +general term used of any triclinic feldspar. See the Note under +Feldspar. + +Pla"gi*o*nite (?), n. [Gr. &?; oblique. So called in allusion to its +usually oblique crystallization.] (Min.) A sulphide of lead and +antimony, of a blackish lead-gray color and metallic luster. + +Pla`gi*o*stom"a*tous (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Same as Plagiostomous. + +Pla"gi*o*stome (?), n. (Zoˆl.) One of the Plagiostomi. + +||Pla`gi*os"to*mi (?), n. pl. [NL., from Gr. &?; slanting + &?;, &?;, +||mouth.] (Zoˆl.) An order of fishes including the sharks and rays; -- +||called also Plagiostomata. + +Pla`gi*os"to*mous (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Of or pertaining to the Plagiostomi. + +||Pla`gi*o*trem"a*ta (?), n. pl.; [NL., fr. Gr. &?; slanting + &?;, +||&?;, a hole.] (Zoˆl.) Same as Lepidosauria. + +Pla`gi*o*trop"ic (?), a. [Gr. &?; aslant + &?; to turn.] (Bot.) Having +the longer axis inclined away from the vertical line. + +||Pla"gi*um (?), n. [L.] (Civil Law) Manstealing; kidnaping. + +Pla*gose" (?), a. [L. plagosus. See Plague.] Fond of flogging; as, a +plagose master. [R.] + +Plague (?), n. [L. plaga a blow, stroke, plague; akin to Gr. &?;, fr. +&?; to strike; cf. L. plangere to strike, beat. Cf. Plaint.] 1. That +which smites, wounds, or troubles; a blow; a calamity; any afflictive +evil or torment; a great trail or vexation. Shak. + + And men blasphemed God for the plague of hail. + + +Wyclif. + + The different plague of each calamity. + + +Shak. + +2. (Med.) An acute malignant contagious fever, that often prevails in +Egypt, Syria, and Turkey, and has at times visited the large cities of +Europe with frightful mortality; hence, any pestilence; as, the great +London plague. "A plague upon the people fell." Tennyson. + +Cattle plague. See Rinderpest. -- Plague mark, Plague spot, a spot or +mark of the plague; hence, a token of something incurable. + +Plague, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Plagued (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Plaguing.] 1. +To infest or afflict with disease, calamity, or natural evil of any +kind. + + Thus were they plagued And worn with famine. + + +Milton. + +2. Fig.: To vex; to tease; to harass. + + She will plague the man that loves her most. + + +Spenser. + +Syn. -- To vex; torment; distress; afflict; harass; annoy; tease; +tantalize; trouble; molest; embarrass; perplex. + +Plague"ful (?), a. Abounding, or infecting, with plagues; pestilential; +as, plagueful exhalations. + +Plague"less, a. Free from plagues or the plague. + +Pla"guer (?), n. One who plagues or annoys. + +Pla"gui*ly (?), adv. In a plaguing manner; vexatiously; extremely. +[Colloq.] "Ronsard is so plaguily stiff and stately." Landor. + +Pla"guy (?), a. Vexatious; troublesome; tormenting; as, a plaguy horse. +[Colloq.] Also used adverbially; as, "He is so plaguy proud." Shak. + +Plaice (?), n. [F. plaise, plais, prob. fr. L. platessa flatish, +plaice. See Place.] (Zoˆl.) (a) A European food fish (Pleuronectes +platessa), allied to the flounder, and growing to the weight of eight +or ten pounds or more. (b) A large American flounder (Paralichthys +dentatus; called also brail, puckermouth, and summer flounder. The name +is sometimes applied to other allied species. [Written also plaise.] + +Plaice mouth, a mouth like that of a plaice; a small or wry mouth. [R.] +B. Jonson. + +Plaid (?), n. [Gael. plaide a blanket or plaid, contr. fr. peallaid a +sheepskin, fr. peall a skin or hide. CF. Pillion.] 1. A rectangular +garment or piece of cloth, usually made of the checkered material +called tartan, but sometimes of plain gray, or gray with black stripes. +It is worn by both sexes in Scotland. + +2. Goods of any quality or material of the pattern of a plaid or +tartan; a checkered cloth or pattern. + +Plaid, a. Having a pattern or colors which resemble a Scotch plaid; +checkered or marked with bars or stripes at right angles to one +another; as, plaid muslin. + +Plaid"ed, a. 1. Of the material of which plaids are made; tartan. "In +plaided vest." Wordsworth. + +2. Wearing a plaid. Campbell. + +Plaid"ing (?), n. Plaid cloth. + +Plain (?), v. i. [OE. playne, pleyne, fr. F. plaindre. See Plaint.] To +lament; to bewail; to complain. [Archaic & Poetic] Milton. + + We with piteous heart unto you pleyne. + + +Chaucer. + +Plain, v. t. To lament; to mourn over; as, to plain a loss. [Archaic & +Poetic] Sir J. Harrington. + +Plain, a. [Compar. Plainer (?); superl. Plainest.] [F., level, flat, +fr. L. planus, perhaps akin to E. floor. Cf. Llano, Piano, Plan, Plane +level, a level surface.] 1. Without elevations or depressions; flat; +level; smooth; even. See Plane. + + The crooked shall be made straight, and the rough places plain. + + +Isa. xl. 4. + +2. Open; clear; unencumbered; equal; fair. + + Our troops beat an army in plain fight. + + +Felton. + +3. Not intricate or difficult; evident; manifest; obvious; clear; +unmistakable. "'T is a plain case." Shak. + +4. (a) Void of extraneous beauty or ornament; without conspicious +embellishment; not rich; simple. (b) Not highly cultivated; +unsophisticated; free from show or pretension; simple; natural; homely; +common. "Plain yet pious Christians." Hammond. "The plain people." A. +Lincoln. (c) Free from affectation or disguise; candid; sincere; +artless; honest; frank. "An honest mind, and plain." Shak. (d) Not +luxurious; not highly seasoned; simple; as, plain food. (e) Without +beauty; not handsome; homely; as, a plain woman. (f) Not variegated, +dyed, or figured; as, plain muslin. (g) Not much varied by modulations; +as, a plain tune. + +Plain battle, open battle; pitched battle. [Obs.] Chaucer. -- Plain +chant (Mus.) Same as Plain song, below. -- Plain chart (Naut.), a chart +laid down on Mercator's projection. -- Plain dealer. (a) One who +practices plain dealing. (b) A simpleton. [Obs.] Shak. -- Plain +dealing. See under Dealing. -- Plain molding (Join.), molding of which +the surfaces are plain figures. -- Plain sewing, sewing of seams by +simple and common stitches, in distinct from fancy work, embroidery, +etc.; -- distinguished also from designing and fitting garments. -- +Plain song. (a) The Gregorian chant, or canto fermo; the prescribed +melody of the Roman Catholic service, sung in unison, in tones of equal +length, and rarely extending beyond the compass of an octave. (b) A +simple melody. -- Plain speaking, plainness or bluntness of speech. + +Syn. -- Level; flat; smooth; open; artless; unaffected; undisguised; +frank; sincere; honest; candid; ingenuous; unembellished; downright; +blunt; clear; simple; distinct; manifest; obvious; apparent. See +Manifest. + +Plain, adv. In a plain manner; plainly. "To speak short and pleyn." +Chaucer. "To tell you plain." Shak. + +Plain, n. [Cf. OF. plaigne, F. plaine. See Plain, a.] 1. Level land; +usually, an open field or a broad stretch of land with an even surface, +or a surface little varied by inequalities; as, the plain of Jordan; +the American plains, or prairies. + + Descending fro the mountain into playn. + + +Chaucer. + + Him the Ammonite Worshiped in Rabba and her watery plain. + + +Milton. + +2. A field of battle. [Obs.] Arbuthnot. + + Lead forth my soldiers to the plain. + + +Shak. + +Plain, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Plained (&?;); p. pr. & vb. n. Plaining.] +[Cf. Plane, v.] 1. To plane or level; to make plain or even on the +surface. [R.] + + We would rake Europe rather, plain the East. + + +Wither. + +2. To make plain or manifest; to explain. + + What's dumb in show, I'll plain in speech. + + +Shak. + +Plain"ant (?), n. [See 1st Plain.] (Law) One who makes complaint; the +plaintiff. [Obs.] + +Plain"-deal`ing (?), a. Practicing plain dealing; artless. See Plain +dealing, under Dealing. Shak. + +Plain"-heart`ed (?), a. Frank; sincere; artless. Milton. -- Plain"- +heart`ed*ness, n. + +Plain"ing, n. Complaint. [Poetic] Shak. + +Plain"ing, a. Complaining. [Poetic] Bryant. + +Plain"-laid` (?), a. (Naut.) Consisting of strands twisted together in +the ordinary way; as, a plain-laid rope. See Illust. of Cordage. + +Plain"ly, adv. In a plain manner; clearly. + +Plain"ness, n. The quality or state of being plain. + +Plains"man (?), n.; pl. - men (&?;). One who lives in the plains. + +Plain"-spo`ken (?), a. Speaking with plain, unreserved sincerity; also, +spoken sincerely; as, plain-spoken words. Dryden. + +Plaint (?), n. [OE. plainte, pleynte, F. plainte, fr. L. plangere, +planctum (plancta, fem. p. p.), to beat, beat the breast, lament. Cf. +Complain, Plague, Plangent.] 1. Audible expression of sorrow; +lamentation; complaint; hence, a mournful song; a lament. Chaucer."The +Psalmist's mournful plaint." Wordsworth. + +2. An accusation or protest on account of an injury. + + There are three just grounds of war with Spain: one of plaint, two + upon defense. + + +Bacon. + +3. (Law) A private memorial tendered to a court, in which a person sets +forth his cause of action; the exhibiting of an action in writing. +Blackstone. + +<! p. 1094 !> + +Plaint"ful (?), a. Containing a plaint; complaining; expressing sorrow +with an audible voice. "My plaintful tongue." Sir P. Sidney. + +Plain"tiff (?), n. [F. plaintif making complaint, plaintive; in Old +French equiv. to plaignant complainant, prosecutor, fr. plaindre. See +Plaint, and cf. Plaintive.] (Law) One who commences a personal action +or suit to obtain a remedy for an injury to his rights; -- opposed to +defendant. + +Plain"tiff, a. See Plaintive. [Obs.] Prior. + +Plain"tive (?), a. [F. plaintif. See Plaintiff, n.] 1. Repining; +complaining; lamenting. Dryden. + +2. Expressive of sorrow or melancholy; mournful; sad. "The most +plaintive ditty." Landor. + +-- Plain"tive*ly, adv. -- Plain"tive*ness, n. + +Plaint"less (?), a. Without complaint; unrepining. "Plaintless +patience." Savage. + +Plai`sance" (?), n. [F.] See Pleasance. + +Plaise (?), n. (Zoˆl.) See Plaice. [Obs.] + +Plais"ter (?), n. [Obs.] See Plaster. + +Plait (?), n. [OE. playte, OF. pleit, L. plicatum, plicitum, p. p. of +plicare to fold, akin to plectere to plait. See Ply, and cf. Plat to +weave, Pleat, Plight fold.] 1. A flat fold; a doubling, as of cloth; a +pleat; as, a box plait. + + The plaits and foldings of the drapery. + + +Addison. + +2. A braid, as of hair or straw; a plat. + +Polish plait. (Med.) Same as Plica. + +Plait, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Plaited; p. pr. & vb. n. Plaiting.] 1. To +fold; to double in narrow folds; to pleat; as, to plait a ruffle. + +2. To interweave the strands or locks of; to braid; to plat; as, to +plait hair; to plait rope. + +Plait"ed, a. Folded; doubled over; braided; figuratively, involved; +intricate; artful. + + Time shall unfold what plaited cunning hides. + + +Shak. + +Plait"er (?), n. One who, or that which, plaits. + +Plan (?), n. [F., fr. L. planus flat, level. See Plain, a.] 1. A +draught or form; properly, a representation drawn on a plane, as a map +or a chart; especially, a top view, as of a machine, or the +representation or delineation of a horizontal section of anything, as +of a building; a graphic representation; a diagram. + +2. A scheme devised; a method of action or procedure expressed or +described in language; a project; as, the plan of a constitution; the +plan of an expedition. + + God's plans like lines pure and white unfold. + + +M. R. Smith. + +3. A method; a way of procedure; a custom. + + The simple plan, That they should take who have the power, And they + should keep who can. + + +Wordsworth. + +Body plan, Floor plan, etc. See under Body, Floor, etc. + +Syn. -- Scheme; draught; delineation; plot; sketch; project; design; +contrivance; device. See Scheme. + +Plan, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Planned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Planning.] 1. To +form a delineation of; to draught; to represent, as by a diagram. + +2. To scheme; to devise; to contrive; to form in design; as, to plan +the conquest of a country. + + Even in penance, planning sins anew. + + +Goldsmith. + +||Pla*na"ri*a (?), n.; pl. L. PlanariÊ (#), E. -rias (#). [NL. See +||Planary.] (Zoˆl.) Any species of turbellarian worms belonging to +||Planaria, and many allied genera. The body is usually flat, thin, and +||smooth. Some species, in warm countries, are terrestrial. + +Pla*na"ri*an (?), n. (Zoˆl.) One of the Planarida, or Dendrocúla; any +turbellarian worm. -- Pla*na"ri*an, a. + +||Pla*nar"i*da (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zoˆl.) A division of Turbellaria; the +||Dendrocúla. + +Pla*na"ri*oid (?), a. [Planaria + -oid.] (Zoˆl.) Like the planarians. + +Pla"na*ry (?), a. [L. planarius level. See Plane, a.] Of or pertaining +to a plane. [R.] + +Planch (?), n. [F. planche.] A plank. [Obs.] Ld. Berners. + +Planch, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Planched (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Planching.] +[F. planche a board, plank. See Plank.] To make or cover with planks or +boards; to plank. [Obs.] "To that vineyard is a planched gate." Shak. + +Planch"er (?), n. [F., planche. See Planch.] 1. A floor of wood; also, +a plank. [Obs.] Bacon. + +2. (Arch.) The under side of a cornice; a soffit. + +Planch"er, v. t. To form of planks. [Obs.] Golding. + +Planch"et (?), n. [F. planchette a small board, dim. of planche. See +Planch.] A flat piece of metal; especially, a disk of metal ready to be +stamped as a coin. + +Plan`chette" (?), n. [F. See Planchet.] 1. A circumferentor. See +Circumferentor. + +2. A small tablet of wood supported on casters and having a pencil +attached. The characters produced by the pencil on paper, while the +hand rests on the instrument and it is allowed to move, are sometimes +translated as of oracular or supernatural import. + +Planch"ing (?), n. The laying of floors in a building; also, a floor of +boards or planks. + +Plane (?), n. [F., fr. L. platanus, Gr. &?;, fr. &?; broad; -- so +called on account of its broad leaves and spreading form. See Place, +and cf. Platane, Plantain the tree.] (Bot.) Any tree of the genus +Platanus. + +The Oriental plane (Platanus orientalis) is a native of Asia. It rises +with a straight, smooth, branching stem to a great height, with +palmated leaves, and long pendulous peduncles, sustaining several heads +of small close-sitting flowers. The seeds are downy, and collected into +round, rough, hard balls. The Occidental plane (Platanus occidentalis), +which grows to a great height, is a native of North America, where it +is popularly called sycamore, buttonwood, and buttonball, names also +applied to the California species (Platanus racemosa). + +Plane (?), a. [L. planus: cf. F. plan. See Plan, a.] Without elevations +or depressions; even; level; flat; lying in, or constituting, a plane; +as, a plane surface. + +In science, this word (instead of plain) is almost exclusively used to +designate a flat or level surface. + +Plane angle, the angle included between two straight lines in a plane. +-- Plane chart, Plane curve. See under Chart and Curve. -- Plane +figure, a figure all points of which lie in the same plane. If bounded +by straight lines it is a rectilinear plane figure, if by curved lines +it is a curvilinear plane figure. -- Plane geometry, that part of +geometry which treats of the relations and properties of plane figures. +-- Plane problem, a problem which can be solved geometrically by the +aid of the right line and circle only. -- Plane sailing (Naut.), the +method of computing a ship's place and course on the supposition that +the earth's surface is a plane. -- Plane scale (Naut.), a scale for the +use of navigators, on which are graduated chords, sines, tangents, +secants, rhumbs, geographical miles, etc. -- Plane surveying, surveying +in which the curvature of the earth is disregarded; ordinary field and +topographical surveying of tracts of moderate extent. -- Plane table, +an instrument used for plotting the lines of a survey on paper in the +field. -- Plane trigonometry, the branch of trigonometry in which its +principles are applied to plane triangles. + +Plane, n. [F. plane, L. plana. See Plane, v. & a.] 1. (Geom.) A +surface, real or imaginary, in which, if any two points are taken, the +straight line which joins them lies wholly in that surface; or a +surface, any section of which by a like surface is a straight line; a +surface without curvature. + +2. (Astron.) An ideal surface, conceived as coinciding with, or +containing, some designated astronomical line, circle, or other curve; +as, the plane of an orbit; the plane of the ecliptic, or of the +equator. + +3. (Mech.) A block or plate having a perfectly flat surface, used as a +standard of flatness; a surface plate. + +4. (Joinery) A tool for smoothing boards or other surfaces of wood, for +forming moldings, etc. It consists of a smooth-soled stock, usually of +wood, from the under side or face of which projects slightly the steel +cutting edge of a chisel, called the iron, which inclines backward, +with an apperture in front for the escape of shavings; as, the jack +plane; the smoothing plane; the molding plane, etc. + +Objective plane (Surv.), the horizontal plane upon which the object +which is to be delineated, or whose place is to be determined, is +supposed to stand. -- Perspective plane. See Perspective. -- Plane at +infinity (Geom.), a plane in which points infinitely distant are +conceived as situated. -- Plane iron, the cutting chisel of a joiner's +plane. -- Plane of polarization. (Opt.) See Polarization. -- Plane of +projection. (a) The plane on which the projection is made, +corresponding to the perspective plane in perspective; -- called also +principal plane. (b) (Descriptive Geom.) One of the planes to which +points are referred for the purpose of determining their relative +position in space. -- Plane of refraction or reflection (Opt.), the +plane in which lie both the incident ray and the refracted or reflected +ray. + +Plane, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Planed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Planing.] [Cf. +F. planer, L. planare, fr. planus. See Plane, a., Plain, a., and cf. +Planish.] 1. To make smooth; to level; to pare off the inequalities of +the surface of, as of a board or other piece of wood, by the use of a +plane; as, to plane a plank. + +2. To efface or remove. + + He planed away the names . . . written on his tables. + + +Chaucer. + +3. Figuratively, to make plain or smooth. [R.] + + What student came but that you planed her path. + + +Tennyson. + +Plane`-par"al*lel (?), a. (Optics) Having opposite surfaces exactly +plane and parallel, as a piece of glass. + +Plan"er (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, planes; a planing machine; +esp., a machine for planing wood or metals. + +2. (Print.) A wooden block used for forcing down the type in a form, +and making the surface even. Hansard. + +Planer centers. See under Center. + +Plan"er tree` (?). [From J. S. Planer, a German botanist.] (Bot.) A +small-leaved North American tree (Planera aquatica) related to the elm, +but having a wingless, nutlike fruit. + +Plan"et (?), n. [OE. planete, F. planËte, L. planeta, fr. Gr. &?;, and +&?; a planet; prop. wandering, fr. &?; to wander, fr. &?; a wandering.] +1. (Astron.) A celestial body which revolves about the sun in an orbit +of a moderate degree of eccentricity. It is distinguished from a comet +by the absence of a coma, and by having a less eccentric orbit. See +Solar system. + +The term planet was first used to distinguish those stars which have an +apparent motion through the constellations from the fixed stars, which +retain their relative places unchanged. The inferior planets are +Mercury and Venus, which are nearer to the sun than is the earth; the +superior planets are Mars, the asteroids, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and +Neptune, which are farther from the sun than is the earth. Primary +planets are those which revolve about the sun; secondary planets, or +moons, are those which revolve around the primary planets as +satellites, and at the same time revolve with them about the sun. + +2. A star, as influencing the fate of a men. + + There's some ill planet reigns. + + +Shak. + +Planet gear. (Mach.) See Epicyclic train, under Epicyclic. -- Planet +wheel, a gear wheel which revolves around the wheel with which it +meshes, in an epicyclic train. + +Plane" ta`ble (?). See under Plane, a. + +Plan`e*ta"ri*um (?), n. [NL.: cf. F. planÈtaire. See Planetary.] An +orrery. See Orrery. + +Plan"et*a*ry (?), a. [Cf. L. planetarius an astrologer, F. planÈtaire +planetary. See Planet.] 1. Of or pertaining to the planets; as, +planetary inhabitants; planetary motions; planetary year. + +2. Consisting of planets; as, a planetary system. + +3. (Astrol.) Under the dominion or influence of a planet. "Skilled in +the planetary hours." Drayton. + +4. Caused by planets. "A planetary plague." Shak. + +5. Having the nature of a planet; erratic; revolving; wandering. +"Erratical and planetary life." Fuller. + +Planetary days, the days of the week as shared among the planets known +to the ancients, each having its day. Hutton. -- Planetary nebula, a +nebula exhibiting a uniform disk, like that of a planet. + +Plan"et*ed, a. Belonging to planets. [R.] Young. + +{ Pla*net"ic (?), Pla*net"ic*al (?), } a. [L. planeticus, Gr. &?;.] Of +or pertaining to planets. Sir T. Browne. + +Plan"et*oid (?), n. [Planet + -oid.] (Astron.) A body resembling a +planet; an asteroid. + +Plan"et*oid*al (?), a. Pertaining to a planetoid. + +Plane" tree` (?). (Bot.) Same as 1st Plane. + +{ Plan"et-strick`en (?), Plan"et-struck` (?), } a. Affected by the +influence of planets; blasted. Milton. + + Like planet-stricken men of yore He trembles, smitten to the core + By strong compunction and remorse. + + +Wordsworth. + +Plan"et*ule (?), n. A little planet. [R.] Conybeare. + +Plan"gen*cy (?), n. The quality or state of being plangent; a beating +sound. [R.] + +Plan"gent (?), a. [L. plangens, -entis, fr. plangere to beat. See +Plaint.] Beating; dashing, as a wave. [R.] "The plangent wave." H. +Taylor. + +{ Plan"i- (?), Plan"o- (?) }. [L. planus. See Plane, a.] Combining +forms signifying flat, level, plane; as planifolious, planimetry, +plano- concave. + +Plan`i*fo"li*ous (?), a. [Plani- + L. folium leaf.] (Bot.) Flat-leaved. + +Plan"i*form (?), a. (Anat.) Having a plane surface; as, a planiform, +gliding, or arthrodial articulation. + +Pla*nim"e*ter (?), n. [Plani- + -meter. Cf. Planometer.] An instrument +for measuring the area of any plane figure, however irregular, by +passing a tracer around the bounding line; a platometer. + +{ Plan`i*met"ric (?; 277), Plan`i*met"ric*al (?), } a. [Cf. F. +planimÈtrique.] Of or pertaining to planimetry. + +Pla*nim"e*try (?), n. [Cf. F. planimÈtrie.] The mensuration of plane +surfaces; -- distinguished from stereometry, or the mensuration of +volumes. + +Plan"ing (?), a. & vb. n. fr. Plane, v. t. + +Planing machine. (a) See Planer. (b) A complex machine for planing +wood, especially boards, containing usually a rapidly revolving cutter, +which chips off the surface in small shavings as the piece to be planed +is passed under it by feeding apparatus. + +Pla`ni*pen"nate (?), a. Of or pertaining to Planipennia. + +||Pla`ni*pen"ni*a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. L. planus plane + penna wing.] +||(Zoˆl.) A suborder of Neuroptera, including those that have broad, +||flat wings, as the ant-lion, lacewing, etc. Called also Planipennes. + +Plan`i*pet"al*ous (?), a. [Plani- + petal.] (Bot.) Having flat petals. + +Plan"ish (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Planished (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Planishing.] [OF. planir, F. planer. See Plane, v., and -ish.] To make +smooth or plane, as a metallic surface; to condense, toughen, and +polish by light blows with a hammer. + +Plan"ish*er (?), n. One who, or that which, planishes. Weale. + +Plan"ish*ing, a. & vb. n. from Planish, v. t. + +Planishing rolls (Coining), rolls between which metal strips are passed +while cold, to bring them to exactly the required thickness. + +Plan"i*sphere (?), n. [Plani- + sphere: cf. F. planisphËre. See Plain, +and Sphere.] The representation of the circles of the sphere upon a +plane; especially, a representation of the celestial sphere upon a +plane with adjustable circles, or other appendages, for showing the +position of the heavens, the time of rising and setting of stars, etc., +for any given date or hour. + +Plan`i*spher"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to a planisphere. + +Plank (?), n. [OE. planke, OF. planque, planche, F. planche, fr. L. +planca; cf. Gr. &?;, &?;, anything flat and broad. Cf. Planch.] 1. A +broad piece of sawed timber, differing from a board only in being +thicker. See Board. + +2. Fig.: That which supports or upholds, as a board does a swimmer. + + His charity is a better plank than the faith of an intolerant and + bitter-minded bigot. + + +Southey. + +3. One of the separate articles in a declaration of the principles of a +party or cause; as, a plank in the national platform. [Cant] + +Plank road, or Plank way, a road surface formed of planks. [U.S.] -- To +walk the plank, to walk along a plank laid across the bulwark of a +ship, until one overbalances it and falls into the sea; -- a method of +disposing of captives practiced by pirates. + +<! p. 1095 !> + +Plank (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Planked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Planking.] +1. To cover or lay with planks; as, to plank a floor or a ship. +"Planked with pine." Dryden. + +2. To lay down, as on a plank or table; to stake or pay cash; as, to +plank money in a wager. [Colloq. U.S.] + +3. To harden, as hat bodies, by felting. + +4. (Wooden Manuf.) To splice together the ends of slivers of wool, for +subsequent drawing. + +Planked shad, shad split open, fastened to a plank, and roasted before +a wood fire. + +Plank"ing, n. 1. The act of laying planks; also, planks, collectively; +a series of planks in place, as the wooden covering of the frame of a +vessel. + +2. The act of splicing slivers. See Plank, v. t., 4. + +Plank"-sheer` (?), n. (Shipbuilding) The course of plank laid +horizontally over the timberheads of a vessel's frame. + +Plan"less (?), a. Having no plan. + +Plan"ner (?), n. One who plans; a projector. + +Pla"no- (?). See Plani-. + +Plan"o*blast (?), n. [Gr. &?; to wander + -blast.] (Zoˆl.) Any +free-swimming gonophore of a hydroid; a hydroid medusa. + +Pla"no-con"cave (?), a. [Plano- + concave.] Plane or flat on one side, +and concave on the other; as, a plano-concave lens. See Lens. + +Pla"no-con"ic*al (?), a. [Plano- + conical.] Plane or flat on one side, +and conical on the other. Grew. + +Pla"no-con"vex (?), a. [Plano- + convex.] Plane or flat on one side, +and convex on the other; as, a plano-convex lens. See Convex, and Lens. + +Pla"no-hor`i*zon"tal (?), a. [Plano- + horizontal.] Having a level +horizontal surface or position. Lee. + +Pla*nom"e*ter (?), n. [Plano- + -meter. Cf. Planimeter.] An instrument +for gauging or testing a plane surface. See Surface gauge, under +Surface. + +Pla*nom"e*try (?), n. (Mech.) The art or process of producing or +gauging a plane surface. + +Pla"no-or*bic"u*lar (?), a. [Plano- + orbicular.] Plane or flat on one +side, and spherical on the other. + +||Pla*nor"bis (?), n. [NL., fr. L. planus flat + orbis a circle.] +||(Zoˆl.) Any fresh-water air-breathing mollusk belonging to Planorbis +||and other allied genera, having shells of a discoidal form. + +Pla"no-su"bu*late (?), a. [Plano- + subulate.] Smooth and awl-shaped. +See Subulate. + +Plant (?), n. [AS. plante, L. planta.] 1. A vegetable; an organized +living being, generally without feeling and voluntary motion, and +having, when complete, a root, stem, and leaves, though consisting +sometimes only of a single leafy expansion, or a series of cellules, or +even a single cellule. + +Plants are divided by their structure and methods of reproduction into +two series, phÊnogamous or flowering plants, which have true flowers +and seeds, and cryptogamous or flowerless plants, which have no +flowers, and reproduce by minute one-celled spores. In both series are +minute and simple forms and others of great size and complexity. + +As to their mode of nutrition, plants may be considered as +self-supporting and dependent. Self-supporting plants always contain +chlorophyll, and subsist on air and moisture and the matter dissolved +in moisture, and as a general rule they excrete oxygen, and use the +carbonic acid to combine with water and form the material for their +tissues. Dependent plants comprise all fungi and many flowering plants +of a parasitic or saprophytic nature. As a rule, they have no +chlorophyll, and subsist mainly or wholly on matter already organized, +thus utilizing carbon compounds already existing, and not excreting +oxygen. But there are plants which are partly dependent and partly +self-supporting. + +The movements of climbing plants, of some insectivorous plants, of +leaves, stamens, or pistils in certain plants, and the ciliary motion +of zoˆspores, etc., may be considered a kind of voluntary motion. + +2. A bush, or young tree; a sapling; hence, a stick or staff. "A plant +of stubborn oak." Dryden. + +3. The sole of the foot. [R.] "Knotty legs and plants of clay." B. +Jonson. + +4. (Com.) The whole machinery and apparatus employed in carrying on a +trade or mechanical business; also, sometimes including real estate, +and whatever represents investment of capital in the means of carrying +on a business, but not including material worked upon or finished +products; as, the plant of a foundry, a mill, or a railroad. + +5. A plan; an artifice; a swindle; a trick. [Slang] + + It was n't a bad plant, that of mine, on Fikey. + + +Dickens. + +6. (Zoˆl.) (a) An oyster which has been bedded, in distinction from one +of natural growth. (b) A young oyster suitable for transplanting. +[Local, U.S.] + +Plant bug (Zoˆl.), any one of numerous hemipterous insects which injure +the foliage of plants, as Lygus lineolaris, which damages wheat and +trees. -- Plant cutter (Zoˆl.), a South American passerine bird of the +genus Phytotoma, family PhytotomidÊ. It has a serrated bill with which +it cuts off the young shoots and buds of plants, often doing much +injury. -- Plant louse (Zoˆl.), any small hemipterous insect which +infests plants, especially those of the families AphidÊ and PsyllidÊ; +an aphid. + +Plant (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Planted; p. pr. & vb. n. Planting.] [AS. +plantian, L. plantare. See Plant, n.] 1. To put in the ground and +cover, as seed for growth; as, to plant maize. + +2. To set in the ground for growth, as a young tree, or a vegetable +with roots. + + Thou shalt not plant thee a grove of any trees. + + +Deut. xvi. 21. + +3. To furnish, or fit out, with plants; as, to plant a garden, an +orchard, or a forest. + +4. To engender; to generate; to set the germ of. + + It engenders choler, planteth anger. + + +Shak. + +5. To furnish with a fixed and organized population; to settle; to +establish; as, to plant a colony. + + Planting of countries like planting of woods. + + +Bacon. + +6. To introduce and establish the principles or seeds of; as, to plant +Christianity among the heathen. + +7. To set firmly; to fix; to set and direct, or point; as, to plant +cannon against a fort; to plant a standard in any place; to plant one's +feet on solid ground; to plant one's fist in another's face. + +8. To set up; to install; to instate. + + We will plant some other in the throne. + + +Shak. + +Plant, v. i. To perform the act of planting. + + I have planted; Apollos watered. + + +1 Cor. iii. 6. + +Plant"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being planted; fit to be planted. B. +Edwards. + +Plant"age (?), n. A word used once by Shakespeare to designate plants +in general, or anything that is planted. + + As true as steel, as plantage to the moon. + + +Shak. (Troil. iii. sc. 2). + +Plan"tain (?), n. [Cf. F. plantain- arbre, plantanier, Sp. pl·ntano, +pl·tano; prob. same word as plane tree.] 1. (Bot.) A treelike perennial +herb (Musa paradisiaca) of tropical regions, bearing immense leaves and +large clusters of the fruits called plantains. See Musa. + +2. The fruit of this plant. It is long and somewhat cylindrical, +slightly curved, and, when ripe, soft, fleshy, and covered with a thick +but tender yellowish skin. The plantain is a staple article of food in +most tropical countries, especially when cooked. + +Plantain cutter, or Plantain eater (Zoˆl.), any one of several large +African birds of the genus Musophaga, or family MusophagidÊ, especially +Musophaga violacea. See Turaco. They are allied to the cuckoos. -- +Plantain squirrel (Zoˆl.), a Java squirrel (Sciurus plantani) which +feeds upon plantains. -- Plantain tree (Bot.), the treelike herb Musa +paradisiaca. See def. 1 (above). + +Plan"tain, n. [F., fr. L. plantago. Cf. Plant.] (Bot.) Any plant of the +genus Plantago, but especially the P. major, a low herb with broad +spreading radical leaves, and slender spikes of minute flowers. It is a +native of Europe, but now found near the abode of civilized man in +nearly all parts of the world. + +Indian plantain. (Bot.) See under Indian. -- Mud plantain, a homely +North American aquatic plant (Heteranthera reniformis), having broad, +reniform leaves. -- Rattlesnake plantain, an orchidaceous plant +(Goodyera pubescens), with the leaves blotched and spotted with white. +-- Ribwort plantain. See Ribwort. -- Robin's plantain, the Erigeron +bellidifolium, a common daisylike plant of North America. -- Water +plantain, a plant of the genus Alisma, having acrid leaves, and +formerly regarded as a specific against hydrophobia. Loudon. + +Plant"al (?), a. [L. planta a plant.] Belonging to plants; as, plantal +life. [Obs.] Dr. H. More. + +Plan"tar (?), a. [L. plantaris, fr. planta the sole of the foot.] +(Anat.) Of or pertaining to the sole of the foot; as, the plantar +arteries. + +Plan*ta"tion (?), n. [L. plantatio: cf. F. plantation.] 1. The act or +practice of planting, or setting in the earth for growth. [R.] + +2. The place planted; land brought under cultivation; a piece of ground +planted with trees or useful plants; esp., in the United States and +West Indies, a large estate appropriated to the production of the more +important crops, and cultivated by laborers who live on the estate; as, +a cotton plantation; a coffee plantation. + +3. An original settlement in a new country; a colony. + + While these plantations were forming in Connecticut. + + +B. Trumbull. + +Plant"-cane` (?), n. A stalk or shoot of sugar cane of the first growth +from the cutting. The growth of the second and following years is of +inferior quality, and is called rattoon. + +Plant"-eat`ing (?), a. Eating, or subsisting on, plants; as, a +plant-eating beetle. + +Plant"ed (?), a. (Joinery) Fixed in place, as a projecting member +wrought on a separate piece of stuff; as, a planted molding. + +Plant"er (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, plants or sows; as, a +planterof corn; a machine planter. + +2. One who owns or cultivates a plantation; as, a sugar planter; a +coffee planter. + +3. A colonist in a new or uncultivated territory; as, the first +planters in Virginia. + +Plant"er*ship, n. The occupation or position of a planter, or the +management of a plantation, as in the United States or the West Indies. + +Plant"i*cle (?), n. [Dim. of Plant.] A young plant, or plant in embryo. +E. Darwin. + +||Plan`ti*gra"da (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zoˆl.) A subdivision of Carnivora +||having plantigrade feet. It includes the bears, raccoons, and allied +||species. + +Plan"ti*grade (?), a. [L. planta sole of the foot + gradi to walk: cf. +F. plantigrade.] (Zoˆl.) (a) Walking on the sole of the foot; +pertaining to the plantigrades. (b) Having the foot so formed that the +heel touches the ground when the leg is upright. + +Plan"ti*grade, n. (Zoˆl.) A plantigrade animal, or one that walks or +steps on the sole of the foot, as man, and the bears. + +Plant"ing (?), n. 1. The act or operation of setting in the ground for +propagation, as seeds, trees, shrubs, etc.; the forming of plantations, +as of trees; the carrying on of plantations, as of sugar, coffee, etc. + +2. That which is planted; a plantation. + + Trees of righteousness, the planting of the Lord. + + +Isa. lxi. 3. + +3. (Arch.) The laying of the first courses of stone in a foundation. +[Eng.] + +Plant"less, a. Without plants; barren of vegetation. + +Plant"let, n. A little plant. + +Plan*toc"ra*cy (?), n. [Planter + -cracy, as in democracy.] Government +by planters; planters, collectively. [R.] + +Plant"ule (?), n. [F., dim. of plante a plant, L. planta.] (Bot.) The +embryo which has begun its development in the act of germination. + +||Plan"u*la (?), n.; pl. PlanulÊ (#). [L., a little plane.] 1. (Biol.) +||In embryonic development, a vesicle filled with fluid, formed from +||the morula by the divergence of its cells in such a manner as to give +||rise to a central space, around which the cells arrange themselves as +||an envelope; an embryonic form intermediate between the morula and +||gastrula. Sometimes used as synonymous with gastrula. + +2. (Zoˆl.) The very young, free- swimming larva of the cúlenterates. It +usually has a flattened oval or oblong form, and is entirely covered +with cilia. + +Planx"ty (?), n. [Cf. L. plangere to mourn aloud.] (Mus.) An Irish or +Welsh melody for the harp, sometimes of a mournful character. + +Plaque (?), n. [F. Cf. Plack, and see Placard.] Any flat, thin piece of +metal, clay, ivory, or the like, used for ornament, or for painting +pictures upon, as a slab, plate, dish, or the like, hung upon a wall; +also, a smaller decoration worn on the person, as a brooch. + +Plash (?), n. [OD. plasch. See Plash, v.] 1. A small pool of standing +water; a puddle. Bacon. "These shallow plashes." Barrow. + +2. A dash of water; a splash. + +Plash, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Plashed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Plashing.] [Cf. +D. plassen, G. platschen. Cf. Splash.] To dabble in water; to splash. +"Plashing among bedded pebbles." Keats. + + Far below him plashed the waters. + + +Longfellow. + +Plash, v. t. 1. To splash, as water. + +2. To splash or sprinkle with coloring matter; as, to plash a wall in +imitation of granite. + +Plash, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Plashed (&?;); p. pr. & vb. n. Plashing.] +[OF. plaissier, plessier, to bend. Cf. Pleach.] To cut partly, or to +bend and intertwine the branches of; as, to plash a hedge. Evelyn. + +Plash, n. The branch of a tree partly cut or bent, and bound to, or +intertwined with, other branches. + +Plash"et (?), n. [Plash + - et.] A small pond or pool; a puddle. + +Plash"ing, n. 1. The cutting or bending and intertwining the branches +of small trees, as in hedges. + +2. The dashing or sprinkling of coloring matter on the walls of +buildings, to imitate granite, etc. + +Plash"oot (?), n. A hedge or fence formed of branches of trees +interlaced, or plashed. [Obs.] Carew. + +Plash"y (?), a. [From 1st Plash.] 1. Watery; abounding with puddles; +splashy. "Plashy fens." Milton. "The plashy earth." Wordsworth. + +2. Specked, as if plashed with color. Keats. + +Plasm (?), n. [L. plasma anything formed or molded, that which is +molded, Gr. &?;, &?;, from &?; to form, mold: cf. F. plasme. Cf. +Plasma.] 1. A mold or matrix in which anything is cast or formed to a +particular shape. [R.] Woodward. + +2. (Biol.) Same as Plasma. + +Plas"ma (?), n. [See Plasm.] 1. (Min.) A variety of quartz, of a color +between grass green and leek green, which is found associated with +common chalcedony. It was much esteemed by the ancients for making +engraved ornaments. + +2. (Biol.) The viscous material of an animal or vegetable cell, out of +which the various tissues are formed by a process of differentiation; +protoplasm. + +3. Unorganized material; elementary matter. + +4. (Med.) A mixture of starch and glycerin, used as a substitute for +ointments. U. S. Disp. + +Blood plasma (Physiol.), the colorless fluid of the blood, in which the +red and white blood corpuscles are suspended. -- Muscle plasma +(Physiol.), the fundamental part of muscle fibers, a thick, viscid, +albuminous fluid contained within the sarcolemma, which on the death of +the muscle coagulates to a semisolid mass. + +<! p. 1096 !> + +{ Plas*mat"ic (?), Plas*mat"ic*al (?), } a. [Gr. &?;.] 1. Forming; +shaping; molding. [Obs.] Dr. H. More. + +2. (Biol.) Of or pertaining to plasma; having the character of plasma; +containing, or conveying, plasma. + +Plas*ma"tion (?), n. [L. plasmatio.] The act of forming or molding. +[R.] Grafton. + +Plas*ma"tor (?), n. [L.] A former; a fashioner. [R.] "The sovereign +plasmator, God Almighty." Urquhart. + +Plas"ma*ture (?), n. Form; mold. [R.] + +Plas"mic (?), a. Of, pertaining to, or connected with, plasma; +plasmatic. + +Plas"min (?), n. (Physiol. Chem.) A proteid body, separated by some +physiologists from blood plasma. It is probably identical with +fibrinogen. + +Plas*mo"di*al (?), a. (Biol.) Of or pertaining to, or like, a +plasmodium; as, the plasmodial form of a life cycle. + +||Plas*mo"di*um (?), n.; pl. Plasmodia (#). [NL. See Plasma.] 1. +||(Biol.) A jellylike mass of free protoplasm, without any union of +||amúboid cells, and endowed with life and power of motion. + +2. (Zoˆl.) A naked mobile mass of protoplasm, formed by the union of +several amúbalike young, and constituting one of the stages in the life +cycle of Mycetozoa and other low organisms. + +Plas"mo*gen (?), n. [Plasma + -gen.] (Biol.) The important living +portion of protoplasm, considered a chemical substance of the highest +elaboration. Germ plasm and idioplasm are forms of plasmogen. + +||Plas"son (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; to form.] (Biol.) The albuminous +||material composing the body of a cytode. + +It is considered simpler than protoplasm of an ordinary cell in that it +has not undergone differentiation into the inner cell nucleus and the +outer cell substance. Haeckel. + +Plas"ter (?), n. [AS., a plaster (in sense 1), fr. L. emplastrum, Gr. +&?;, &?;, fr. &?; to daub on, stuff in; &?; in + &?; to mold: cf. OF. +plastre a plaster (in sense 2), F. pl‚tre. Cf. Plastic, Emplaster, +Piaster.] [Formerly written also plaister.] 1. (Med.) An external +application of a consistency harder than ointment, prepared for use by +spreading it on linen, leather, silk, or other material. It is adhesive +at the ordinary temperature of the body, and is used, according to its +composition, to produce a medicinal effect, to bind parts together, +etc.; as, a porous plaster; sticking plaster. + +2. A composition of lime, water, and sand, with or without hair as a +bond, for coating walls, ceilings, and partitions of houses. See +Mortar. + +3. Calcined gypsum, or plaster of Paris, especially when ground, as +used for making ornaments, figures, moldings, etc.; or calcined gypsum +used as a fertilizer. + +Plaster cast, a copy of an object obtained by pouring plaster of Paris +mixed with water into a mold. -- Plaster of Paris. [So called because +originally brought from a suburb of Paris.] (Chem.) Anhydrous calcium +sulphate, or calcined gypsum, which forms with water a paste which soon +sets or hardens, and is used for casts, moldings, etc. The term is +loosely applied to any plaster stone or species of gypsum. -- Plaster +of Paris bandage (Surg.), a bandage saturated with a paste of plaster +of Paris, which on drying forms a perfectly fitting splint. -- Plaster +stone, any species of gypsum. See Gypsum. + +Plas"ter, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Plastered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Plastering.] [Cf. OF. plastrer to plaster (in sense 2), F. pl‚trer.] 1. +To cover with a plaster, as a wound or sore. + +2. To overlay or cover with plaster, as the ceilings and walls of a +house. + +3. Fig.: To smooth over; to cover or conceal the defects of; to hide, +as with a covering of plaster. Bale. + +Plas"ter*er (?), n. 1. One who applies plaster or mortar. "Thy father +was a plasterer." Shak. + +2. One who makes plaster casts. "The plasterer doth make his figures by +addition." Sir H. Wotton. + +Plas"ter*ing, n. 1. Same as Plaster, n., 2. + +2. The act or process of overlaying with plaster. + +3. A covering of plaster; plasterwork. + +Plas"ter*ly, a. Resembling plaster of Paris. [R.] "Out of gypseous or +plasterly ground." Fuller. + +Plas"ter*work` (?), n. Plastering used to finish architectural +constructions, exterior or interior, especially that used for the +lining of rooms. Ordinarly, mortar is used for the greater part of the +work, and pure plaster of Paris for the moldings and ornaments. + +Plas"ter*y, a. Of the nature of plaster. + + The stone . . . is a poor plastery material. + + +Clough. + +-plas"tic (-pls"tk). [Gr. &?; fit for molding, plastic, fr. &?; to +mold, to form.] A combining form signifying developing, forming, +growing; as, heteroplastic, monoplastic, polyplastic. + +Plas"tic (pls"tk), a. [L. plasticus, Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to form, mold: +cf. F. plastique.] 1. Having the power to give form or fashion to a +mass of matter; as, the plastic hand of the Creator. Prior. + + See plastic Nature working to his end. + + +Pope. + +2. Capable of being molded, formed, or modeled, as clay or plaster; -- +used also figuratively; as, the plastic mind of a child. + +3. Pertaining or appropriate to, or characteristic of, molding or +modeling; produced by, or appearing as if produced by, molding or +modeling; -- said of sculpture and the kindred arts, in distinction +from painting and the graphic arts. + + Medallions . . . fraught with the plastic beauty and grace of the + palmy days of Italian art. + + +J. S. Harford. + +Plastic clay (Geol.), one of the beds of the Eocene period; -- so +called because used in making pottery. Lyell. -- Plastic element +(Physiol.), one that bears within the germs of a higher form. -- +Plastic exudation (Med.), an exudation thrown out upon a wounded +surface and constituting the material of repair by which the process of +healing is effected. -- Plastic foods. (Physiol.) See the second Note +under Food. -- Plastic force. (Physiol.) See under Force. -- Plastic +operation, an operation in plastic surgery. -- Plastic surgery, that +branch of surgery which is concerned with the repair or restoration of +lost, injured, or deformed parts of the body. + +Plas"tic*al (?), a. See Plastic. [R.] + +Plas"tic*al*ly, adv. In a plastic manner. + +Plas*tic"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. plasticitÈ.] 1. The quality or state of +being plastic. + +2. (Physiol.) Plastic force. Dunglison. + +{ Plas"tid (?), Plas"tide (?), } n. [Gr. &?;, &?;, a creator.] 1. +(Biol.) A formative particle of albuminous matter; a monad; a cytode. +See the Note under Morphon. Haeckel. + +2. (Bot.) One of the many minute granules found in the protoplasm of +vegetable cells. They are divided by their colors into three classes, +chloroplastids, chromoplastids, and leucoplastids. + +||Plas`ti*do*zo"a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, &?;, creator + &?; +||animal.] (Zoˆl.) Same as Protoza. + +Plas"ti*dule (?), n. [Dim. fr. Plastid.] (Biol.) One of the small +particles or organic molecules of protoplasm. Haeckel. + +Plas"tin (?), n. [Gr. &?; to form, mold.] (Biol.) A substance +associated with nuclein in cell nuclei, and by some considered as the +fundamental substance of the nucleus. + +Plas*tog"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr. &?;; &?; fored, molded + &?; to write.] 1. +The art of forming figures in any plastic material. + +2. Imitation of handwriting; forgery. + +Plas"tron (?), n. [F. plastron breastplate, plastron, LL. plastra a +thin plate of metal. See Plaster.] 1. A piece of leather stuffed or +padded, worn by fencers to protect the breast. Dryden. + +3. (Anc. Armor) An iron breastplate, worn under the hauberk. + +3. (Anat.) The ventral shield or shell of tortoises and turtles. See +Testudinata. + +4. A trimming for the front of a woman's dress, made of a different +material, and narrowing from the shoulders to the waist. + +-plas"ty (?). [Gr. &?; to mold, form.] A combining form denoting the +act or process of forming, development, growth; as, autoplasty, +perineoplasty. + +Plat (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Platted; p. pr. & vb. n. Platting.] [See +Plait.] To form by interlaying interweaving; to braid; to plait. "They +had platted a crown of thorns." Matt. xxvii. 29. + +Plat, n. Work done by platting or braiding; a plait. + + Her hair, nor loose, nor tied in formal plat. + + +Shak. + +Plat, n. [Cf. Plat flat, which perh. caused this spelling, and Plot a +piece of ground.] A small piece or plot of ground laid out with some +design, or for a special use; usually, a portion of flat, even ground. + + This flowery plat, the sweet recess of Eve. + + +Milton. + + I keep smooth plat of fruitful ground. + + +Tennyson. + +Plat, v. t. To lay out in plats or plots, as ground. + +Plat, a. [F. plat. See Plate, n.] Plain; flat; level. [Obs.] Gower. + +Plat, adv. 1. Plainly; flatly; downright. [Obs.] + + But, sir, ye lie, I tell you plat. + + +Rom. of R. + +2. Flatly; smoothly; evenly. [Obs.] Drant. + +Plat, n. 1. The flat or broad side of a sword. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] +Chaucer. + +2. A plot; a plan; a design; a diagram; a map; a chart. [Obs. or Prov. +Eng.] "To note all the islands, and to set them down in plat." Hakluyt. + +Plat"an (?), n. [L. platanus. See Plane the tree.] [Written also +platane.] The plane tree. Tennyson. + +Plat"a*nist (?), n. [L. platanista a sort of fish, Gr. &?;: cf. F. +plataniste.] (Zoˆl.) The soosoo. + +||Plat"a*nus (?), n. [See Plane the tree.] (Bot.) A genus of trees; the +||plane tree. + +Plat"band` (?), n. [F. plate- bande; plat, plate, flat, level + bande a +band.] 1. A border of flowers in a garden, along a wall or a parterre; +hence, a border. + +2. (Arch.) (a) A flat molding, or group of moldings, the width of which +much exceeds its projection, as the face of an architrave. (b) A list +or fillet between the flutings of a column. + +Plate (?), n. [OF. plate a plate of metal, a cuirsas, F. plat a plate, +a shallow vessel of silver, other metal, or earth, fr. plat flat, Gr. +&?;. See Place, n.] 1. A flat, or nearly flat, piece of metal, the +thickness of which is small in comparison with the other dimensions; a +thick sheet of metal; as, a steel plate. + +2. Metallic armor composed of broad pieces. + + Mangled . . . through plate and mail. + + +Milton. + +3. Domestic vessels and utensils, as flagons, dishes, cups, etc., +wrought in gold or silver. + +4. Metallic ware which is plated, in distinction from that which is +genuine silver or gold. + +5. A small, shallow, and usually circular, vessel of metal or wood, or +of earth glazed and baked, from which food is eaten at table. + +6. [Cf. Sp. plata silver.] A piece of money, usually silver money. +[Obs.] "Realms and islands were as plates dropp'd from his pocket." +Shak. + +7. A piece of metal on which anything is engraved for the purpose of +being printed; hence, an impression from the engraved metal; as, a book +illustrated with plates; a fashion plate. + +8. A page of stereotype, electrotype, or the like, for printing from; +as, publisher's plates. + +9. That part of an artificial set of teeth which fits to the mouth, and +holds the teeth in place. It may be of gold, platinum, silver, rubber, +celluloid, etc. + +10. (Arch.) A horizontal timber laid upon a wall, or upon corbels +projecting from a wall, and supporting the ends of other timbers; also +used specifically of the roof plate which supports the ends of the roof +trusses or, in simple work, the feet of the rafters. + +11. (Her.) A roundel of silver or tinctured argent. + +12. (Photog.) A sheet of glass, porcelain, metal, etc., with a coating +that is sensitive to light. + +13. A prize giving to the winner in a contest. + +Plate is sometimes used in an adjectival sense or in combination, the +phrase or compound being in most cases of obvious signification; as, +plate basket or plate-basket, plate rack or plate-rack. + +Home plate. (Baseball) See Home base, under Home. -- Plate armor. (a) +See Plate, n., 2. (b) Strong metal plates for protecting war vessels, +fortifications, and the like. -- Plate bone, the shoulder blade, or +scapula. -- Plate girder, a girder, the web of which is formed of a +single vertical plate, or of a series of such plates riveted together. +-- Plate glass. See under Glass. -- Plate iron, wrought iron plates. -- +Plate layer, a workman who lays down the rails of a railway and fixes +them to the sleepers or ties. -- Plate mark, a special mark or +emblematic figure stamped upon gold or silver plate, to indicate the +place of manufacture, the degree of purity, and the like; thus, the +local mark for London is a lion. -- Plate paper, a heavy spongy paper, +for printing from engraved plates. Fairholt. -- Plate press, a press +with a flat carriage and a roller, -- used for printing from engraved +steel or copper plates. -- Plate printer, one who prints from engraved +plates. -- Plate printing, the act or process of printing from an +engraved plate or plates. -- Plate tracery. (Arch.) See under Tracery. +- - Plate wheel (Mech.), a wheel, the rim and hub of which are +connected by a continuous plate of metal, instead of by arms or spokes. + +Plate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Plated; p. pr. & vb. n. Plating.] 1. To +cover or overlay with gold, silver, or other metals, either by a +mechanical process, as hammering, or by a chemical process, as +electrotyping. + +2. To cover or overlay with plates of metal; to arm with metal for +defense. + + Thus plated in habiliments of war. + + +Shak. + +3. To adorn with plated metal; as, a plated harness. + +4. To beat into thin, flat pieces, or laminÊ. + +5. To calender; as, to plate paper. + +Pla*teau" (?), n.; pl. F. Plateaux (F. &?;; E. &?;), E. Plateaus (#). +[F., fr. OF. platel, properly a little plate. See Plate.] 1. A flat +surface; especially, a broad, level, elevated area of land; a table- +land. + +2. An ornamental dish for the table; a tray or salver. + +Plate"ful (?), n.; pl. Platefuls (&?;). Enough to fill a plate; as much +as a plate will hold. + +Plate"-gilled` (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Having flat, or leaflike, gills, as the +bivalve mollusks. + +Pla"tel (?), n. [OF. See Plateau.] A small dish. + +Plat"en (?), n. [F. platine, fr. plat flat. See Plate, and cf. Platin.] +(Mach.) (a) The part of a printing press which presses the paper +against the type and by which the impression is made. (b) Hence, an +analogous part of a typewriter, on which the paper rests to receive an +impression. (c) The movable table of a machine tool, as a planer, on +which the work is fastened, and presented to the action of the tool; -- +also called table. + +Plat"er (?), n. One who plates or coats articles with gold or silver; +as, a silver plater. + +2. A machine for calendering paper. + +Plat`er*esque" (?), a. [Sp. resco, from plata silver.] (Arch.) +Resembling silver plate; -- said of certain architectural ornaments. + +Plat"e*trope (?), n. [Gr. &?; breadth + &?; to turn.] (Anat.) One of a +pair of a paired organs. + +Plat"form` (?), n. [Plat, a. + -form: cf. F. plateforme.] 1. A plat; a +plan; a sketch; a model; a pattern. Used also figuratively. [Obs.] +Bacon. + +2. A place laid out after a model. [Obs.] + + lf the platform just reflects the order. + + +Pope. + +3. Any flat or horizontal surface; especially, one that is raised above +some particular level, as a framework of timber or boards horizontally +joined so as to form a roof, or a raised floor, or portion of a floor; +a landing; a dais; a stage, for speakers, performers, or workmen; a +standing place. + +4. A declaration of the principles upon which a person, a sect, or a +party proposes to stand; a declared policy or system; as, the Saybrook +platform; a political platform. "The platform of Geneva." Hooker. + +5. (Naut.) A light deck, usually placed in a section of the hold or +over the floor of the magazine. See Orlop. + +Platform car, a railway car without permanent raised sides or covering; +a f&?;at. -- Platform scale, a weighing machine, with a flat platform +on which objects are weighed. + +Plat"form`, v. t. 1. To place on a platform. [R.] + +2. To form a plan of; to model; to lay out. [Obs.] + + Church discipline is platformed in the Bible. + + +Milton. + +Plat*hel"minth (?), n. (Zoˆl.) One of the Platyelminthes. + +||Plat`hel*min"thes (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zoˆl.) Same as Platyelminthes. + +Plat"in (?), n. (Mach.) See Platen. + +Plat"i*na (?), n. [Sp. or NL. See Platinum.] (Chem.) Platinum. + +Platina mohr, platinum black. -- Platina yellow, a pigment prepared +from platinum. + +Plat"ing (?), n. 1. The art or process of covering anything with a +plate or plates, or with metal, particularly of overlaying a base or +dull metal with a thin plate of precious or bright metal, as by +mechanical means or by electro-magnetic deposition. + +2. A thin coating of metal laid upon another metal. + +3. A coating or defensive armor of metal (usually steel) plates. + +Pla*tin"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or containing, platinum; +-- used specifically to designate those compounds in which the element +has a higher valence, as contrasted with the platinous compounds; as, +platinic chloride (PtCl4). + +<! p. 1097 !> + +Plat`i*ni*chlo"ric (?), a. (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or designating, +an acid consisting of platinic chloride and hydrochloric acid, and +obtained as a brownish red crystalline substance, called +platinichloric, or chloroplatinic, acid. + +Plat`i*nif"er*ous (?), a. [Platinum + -ferous.] Yielding platinum; as, +platiniferous sand. + +Plat`i*ni*rid"i*um (?), n. (Chem. & Min.) A natural alloy of platinum +and iridium occurring in grayish metallic rounded or cubical grains +with platinum. + +Plat"i*nize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Platinized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Platinizing (?).] To cover or combine with platinum. + +Plat`i*no*chlo"ric (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, derived from, or +designating, an acid consisting of platinous chloride and hydrochloric +acid, called platinochloric, or chloroplatinous, acid. + +Plat`i*no*chlo"ride (?), n. (Chem.) A double chloride of platinum and +some other metal or radical; a salt of platinochloric acid. + +Plat`i*no*cy*an"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, derived from, or +designating, an acid compound of platinous cyanide and hydrocyanic +acid. It is obtained as a cinnaber-red crystalline substance. + +Plat`i*no*cy"a*nide (?), n. (Chem.) A double cyanide of platinum and +some other metal or radical; a salt of platinocyanic acid. + +Plat"i*node (?), n. [Platinum + Gr. &?; a way.] (Physics) A cathode. +[R.] + +Plat"i*noid (?), a. [Platinum + -oid.] Resembling platinum. + +Plat"i*noid, n. (Chem.) An alloy of German silver containing tungsten; +-- used for forming electrical resistance coils and standards. + +Plat"i*no*type (?), n. [Platinum + -type.] (Photog.) 1. A permanent +photographic picture or print in platinum black. + +2. The process by which such pictures are produced. + +Plat"i*nous (?), a. (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or containing, platinum; +-- used specifically to designate those compounds in which the element +has a lower valence, as contrasted with the platinic compounds; as, +platinous chloride (PtCl2). + +Plat"i*num (?), n. [NL., fr. Sp. platina, from plata silver, LL. plata +a thin plate of metal. See Plate, and cf. Platina.] (Chem.) A metallic +element, intermediate in value between silver and gold, occurring +native or alloyed with other metals, also as the platinum arsenide +(sperrylite). It is heavy tin-white metal which is ductile and +malleable, but very infusible, and characterized by its resistance to +strong chemical reagents. It is used for crucibles, for stills for +sulphuric acid, rarely for coin, and in the form of foil and wire for +many purposes. Specific gravity 21.5. Atomic weight 194.3. Symbol Pt. +Formerly called platina. + +Platinum black (Chem.), a soft, dull black powder, consisting of finely +divided metallic platinum obtained by reduction and precipitation from +its solutions. It absorbs oxygen to a high degree, and is employed as +an oxidizer. -- Platinum lamp (Elec.), a kind of incandescent lamp of +which the luminous medium is platinum. See under Incandescent. -- +Platinum metals (Chem.), the group of metallic elements which in their +chemical and physical properties resemble platinum. These consist of +the light platinum group, viz., rhodium, ruthenium, and palladium, +whose specific gravities are about 12; and the heavy platinum group, +viz., osmium, iridium, and platinum, whose specific gravities are over +21. -- Platinum sponge (Chem.), metallic platinum in a gray, porous, +spongy form, obtained by reducing the double chloride of platinum and +ammonium. It absorbs oxygen, hydrogen, and certain other gases, to a +high degree, and is employed as an agent in oxidizing. + +Plat"i*tude (?), n. [F., from plat flat. See Plate.] 1. The quality or +state of being flat, thin, or insipid; flat commonness; triteness; +staleness of ideas of language. + + To hammer one golden grain of wit into a sheet of infinite + platitude. + + +Motley. + +2. A thought or remark which is flat, dull, trite, or weak; a truism; a +commonplace. + +Plat`i*tu`di*na"ri*an (?), n. One addicted to uttering platitudes, or +stale and insipid truisms. "A political platitudinarian." G. Eliot. + +Plat`i*tu"di*nize (?), v. i. To utter platitudes or truisms. + +Plat`i*tu"di*nous (?), a. Abounding in platitudes; of the nature of +platitudes; uttering platitudes. -- Plat`i*tu"di*nous*ness, n. + +Plat"ly (?), a. Flatly. See Plat, a. [Obs.] + +Plat"ness, n. Flatness. [Obs.] Palsgrave. + +Pla*tom"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. &?; flat + -meter.] See Planimeter. + +{ Pla*ton"ic (?), Pla*ton"ic*al (?), } a. [L. Platonicus, Gr. &?;: cf. +F. platonique.] 1. Of or pertaining to Plato, or his philosophy, +school, or opinions. + +2. Pure, passionless; nonsexual; philosophical. + +Platonic bodies, the five regular geometrical solids; namely, the +tetrahedron, hexahedron or cube, octahedron, dodecahedron, and +icosahedron. -- Platonic love, a pure, spiritual affection, subsisting +between persons of opposite sex, unmixed with carnal desires, and +regarding the mind only and its excellences; -- a species of love for +which Plato was a warm advocate. -- Platonic year (Astron.), a period +of time determined by the revolution of the equinoxes, or the space of +time in which the stars and constellations return to their former +places in respect to the equinoxes; -- called also great year. This +revolution, which is caused by the precession of the equinoxes, is +accomplished in about 26,000 years. Barlow. + +Pla*ton"ic, n. A follower of Plato; a Platonist. + +Pla*ton"ic*al*ly, adv. In a Platonic manner. + +Pla"to*nism (?), n. [Cf. F. Platonisme.] 1. The doctrines or philosophy +by Plato or of his followers. + +Plato believed God to be an infinitely wise, just, and powerful Spirit; +and also that he formed the visible universe out of preÎxistent +amorphous matter, according to perfect patterns of ideas eternally +existent in his own mind. Philosophy he considered as being a knowledge +of the true nature of things, as discoverable in those eternal ideas +after which all things were fashioned. In other words, it is the +knowledge of what is eternal, exists necessarily, and is unchangeable; +not of the temporary, the dependent, and changeable; and of course it +is not obtained through the senses; neither is it the product of the +understanding, which concerns itself only with the variable and +transitory; nor is it the result of experience and observation; but it +is the product of our reason, which, as partaking of the divine nature, +has innate ideas resembling the eternal ideas of God. By contemplating +these innate ideas, reasoning about them, and comparing them with their +copies in the visible universe, reason can attain that true knowledge +of things which is called philosophy. Plato's professed followers, the +Academics, and the New Platonists, differed considerably from him, yet +are called Platonists. Murdock. + +2. An elevated rational and ethical conception of the laws and forces +of the universe; sometimes, imaginative or fantastic philosophical +notions. + +Pla"to*nist (?), n. One who adheres to the philosophy of Plato; a +follower of Plato. Hammond. + +Pla"to*nize (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Platonized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Platonizing.] To adopt the opinion of Plato or his followers. Milner. + +Pla"to*nize, v. t. To explain by, or accomodate to, the Platonic +philosophy. Enfield. + +Pla"to*ni`zer (?), n. One who Platonizes. + +Pla*toon" (?), n. [F. peloton a ball of thread, a knot or group of men, +a platoon, from pelote a ball formed of things wound round. See +Pellet.] (Mil.) (a) Formerly, a body of men who fired together; also, a +small square body of soldiers to strengthen the angles of a hollow +square. (b) Now, in the United States service, half of a company. + +Platt (?), n. (Mining) See Lodge, n. Raymond. + +Platt"deutsch` (?), n. The modern dialects spoken in the north of +Germany, taken collectively; modern Low German. See Low German, under +German. + +Plat"ten (?), v. t. [See Plat, a.] (Glass Making) To flatten and make +into sheets or plates; as, to platten cylinder glass. + +Plat"ter (?), n. [From Plat to braid.] One who plats or braids. + +Plat"ter, n. [Probably fr. OF. platel, F. plateau. See Plateau.] A +large plate or shallow dish on which meat or other food is brought to +the table. + + The attendants . . . speedly brought in several large, smoking + platters, filled with huge pieces of beef. + + +Sir W. Scott. + +Plat"ter-faced` (?), a. Having a broad, flat face. + +Plat"ting (?), n. Plaited strips or bark, cane, straw, etc., used for +making hats or the like. + +Plat"y (?), a. Like a plate; consisting of plates. + +Plat"y- (?). A combining form from Gr. platy`s broad, wide, flat; as, +platypus, platycephalous. + +{ Plat`y*ce*phal"ic (?), Plat`y*ceph"a*lous (?), } a. [Platy + Gr. &?; +head.] (Anat.) Broad-headed. + +Plat`yc*ne"mic (?), a. [Platy + Gr. &?; leg: cf. F. platycnÈmique.] +(Anat.) Of, relating to, or characterized by, platycnemism. + +Pla*tyc"ne*mism (?), n. (Anat.) Lateral flattening of the tibia. + +Plat`y*cú"li*an (?), a. [Platy + Gr. &?; hollow.] (Anat.) Flat at the +anterior and concave at the posterior end; -- said of the centra of the +vertebrÊ of some extinct dinouaurs. + +||Plat`y*el*min"thes (?), n. pl. [NL. See Platy-, and Helminthes.] +||(Zoˆl.) A class of helminthes including the cestodes, or tapeworms, +||the trematodes, and the turbellarians. Called also flatworms. + +||Plat`y*hel"mi*a (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zoˆl.) Same as Platyelminthes. +||[Written also Platyelmia.] + +Pla*tym"e*ter (?), n. [Platy + -meter.] (Elec.) An apparatus for +measuring the capacity of condensers, or the inductive capacity of +dielectrics. + +Plat"y*pod (?), n. [Platy + - pod.] (Zoˆl.) An animal having broad +feet, or a broad foot. + +||Pla*typ"o*da (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zoˆl.) Same as Prosobranchiata. + +||Pla*typ"te*ra (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; broad + &?; a wing.] +||(Zoˆl.) A division of Pseudoneuroptera including the species which +||have four broad, flat wings, as the termites, or white-ants, and the +||stone flies (Perla). + +Plat"y*pus (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; + &?; foot.] (Zoˆl.) The duck +mole. See under Duck. + +Plat"y*rhine (?), a. [Platy + Gr. &?;, &?;, nose.] (Anat.) Having the +nose broad; -- opposed to leptorhine. -- n. (Zoˆl.) One of the +Platyrhini. + +||Plat`y*rhi"ni (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; broad + &?;, &?;, nose.] +||(Zoˆl.) A division of monkeys, including the American species, which +||have a broad nasal septum, thirty-six teeth, and usually a prehensile +||tail. See Monkey. [Written also Platyrrhini.] + +Plaud (?), v. t. To applaud. [Obs.] Chapman. + +Plau"dit (?), n. [From L. plaudite do ye praise (which was said by +players at the end of a performance), 2d pers. pl. imperative of +plaudere. Cf. Plausible.] A mark or expression of applause; praise +bestowed. + + Not in the shouts and plaudits of the throng. + + +Longfellow. + +Syn. -- Acclamation; applause; encomium; commendation; approbation; +approval. + +Plau"di*to*ry (?), a. Applauding; commending. + +Plau`si*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. plausibilitÈ.] 1. Something worthy of +praise. [Obs.] + + Integrity, fidelity, and other gracious plausibilities. + + +E. Vaughan. + +2. The quality of being plausible; speciousness. + + To give any plausibility to a scheme. + + +De Quincey. + +3. Anything plausible or specious. R. Browning. + +Plau"si*ble (?), a. [L. plausibilis praiseworthy, from plaudere, +plausum, to applaud, clap the hands, strike, beat.] 1. Worthy of being +applauded; praiseworthy; commendable; ready. [Obs.] Bp. Hacket. + +2. Obtaining approbation; specifically pleasing; apparently right; +specious; as, a plausible pretext; plausible manners; a plausible +delusion. "Plausible and popular arguments." Clarendon. + +3. Using specious arguments or discourse; as, a plausible speaker. + +Syn. -- Plausible, Specious. Plausible denotes that which seems +reasonable, yet leaves distrust in the judgment. Specious describes +that which presents a fair appearance to the view and yet covers +something false. Specious refers more definitely to the act or purpose +of false representation; plausible has more reference to the effect on +the beholder or hearer. An argument may by specious when it is not +plausible because its sophistry is so easily discovered. + +Plau"si*ble*ize (?), v. t. To render plausible. [R.] + +Plau"si*ble*ness, n. Quality of being plausible. + +Plau"si*bly, adv. 1. In a plausible manner. + +2. Contentedly, readily. [Obs.] + + The Romans plausibly did give consent. + + +Shak. + +Plau"sive (?), a. [L. plaudere, plausum, to applaud.] 1. Applauding; +manifesting praise. Young. + +2. Plausible, specious. [Obs.] Shak. + +Play (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Played (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Playing.] +[OE. pleien, AS. plegian, plegan, to play, akin to plega play, game, +quick motion, and probably to OS. plegan to promise, pledge, D. plegen +to care for, attend to, be wont, G. pflegen; of unknown origin. +√28. Cf. Plight, n.] 1. To engage in sport or lively recreation; +to exercise for the sake of amusement; to frolic; to spot. + + As Cannace was playing in her walk. + + +Chaucer. + + The lamb thy riot dooms to bleed to-day, Had he thy reason, would + he skip and play! + + +Pope. + + And some, the darlings of their Lord, Play smiling with the flame + and sword. + + +Keble. + +2. To act with levity or thoughtlessness; to trifle; to be careless. + + "Nay," quod this monk, "I have no lust to pleye." + + +Chaucer. + + Men are apt to play with their healths. + + +Sir W. Temple. + +3. To contend, or take part, in a game; as, to play ball; hence, to +gamble; as, he played for heavy stakes. + +4. To perform on an instrument of music; as, to play on a flute. + + One that . . . can play well on an instrument. + + +Ezek. xxxiii. 32. + + Play, my friend, and charm the charmer. + + +Granville. + +5. To act; to behave; to practice deception. + + His mother played false with a smith. + + +Shak. + +6. To move in any manner; especially, to move regularly with alternate +or reciprocating motion; to operate; to act; as, the fountain plays. + + The heart beats, the blood circulates, the lungs play. + + +Cheyne. + +7. To move gayly; to wanton; to disport. + + Even as the waving sedges play with wind. + + +Shak. + + The setting sun Plays on their shining arms and burnished helmets. + + +Addison. + + All fame is foreign but of true desert, Plays round the head, but + comes not to the heart. + + +Pope. + +8. To act on the stage; to personate a character. + + A lord will hear your play to- night. + + +Shak. + + Courts are theaters where some men play. + + +Donne. + +To play into a person's hands, to act, or to manage matters, to his +advantage or benefit. -- To play off, to affect; to feign; to practice +artifice. -- To play upon. (a) To make sport of; to deceive. + + Art thou alive? Or is it fantasy that plays upon our eyesight. + + +Shak. + +(b) To use in a droll manner; to give a droll expression or application +to; as, to play upon words. + +Play, v. t. 1. To put in action or motion; as, to play cannon upon a +fortification; to play a trump. + + First Peace and Silence all disputes control, Then Order plays the + soul. + + +Herbert. + +2. To perform music upon; as, to play the flute or the organ. + +3. To perform, as a piece of music, on an instrument; as, to play a +waltz on the violin. + +4. To bring into sportive or wanton action; to exhibit in action; to +execute; as, to play tricks. + + Nature here Wantoned as in her prime, and played at will Her virgin + fancies. + + +Milton. + +5. To act or perform (a play); to represent in music action; as, to +play a comedy; also, to act in the character of; to represent by +acting; to simulate; to behave like; as, to play King Lear; to play the +woman. + + Thou canst play the rational if thou wilt. + + +Sir W. Scott. + +6. To engage in, or go together with, as a contest for amusement or for +a wager or prize; as, to play a game at baseball. + +7. To keep in play, as a hooked fish, in order to land it. + +To play off, to display; to show; to put in exercise; as, to play off +tricks. -- To play one's cards, to manage one's means or opportunities; +to contrive. -- Played out, tired out; exhausted; at the end of one's +resources. [Colloq.] + +Play, n. 1. Amusement; sport; frolic; gambols. + +2. Any exercise, or series of actions, intended for amusement or +diversion; a game. + + John naturally loved rough play. + + +Arbuthnot. + +3. The act or practice of contending for victory, amusement, or a +prize, as at dice, cards, or billiards; gaming; as, to lose a fortune +in play. + +4. Action; use; employment; exercise; practice; as, fair play; sword +play; a play of wit. "The next who comes in play." Dryden. + +5. A dramatic composition; a comedy or tragedy; a composition in which +characters are represented by dialogue and action. + + A play ought to be a just image of human nature. + + +Dryden. + +6. The representation or exhibition of a comedy or tragedy; as, he +attends ever play. + +7. Performance on an instrument of music. + +8. Motion; movement, regular or irregular; as, the play of a wheel or +piston; hence, also, room for motion; free and easy action. "To give +them play, front and rear." Milton. + + The joints are let exactly into one another, that they have no play + between them. + + +Moxon. + +9. Hence, liberty of acting; room for enlargement or display; scope; +as, to give full play to mirth. + +Play actor, an actor of dramas. Prynne. -- Play debt, a gambling debt. +Arbuthnot. -- Play pleasure, idle amusement. [Obs.] Bacon. -- A play +upon words, the use of a word in such a way as to be capable of double +meaning; punning. -- Play of colors, prismatic variation of colors. -- +To bring into play, To come into play, to bring or come into use or +exercise. -- To hold in play, to keep occupied or employed. + + I, with two more to help me, Will hold the foe in play. + + +Macaulay. + +<! p. 1098 !> + +||Pla"ya (?), n. [Sp.] A beach; a strand; in the plains and deserts of +||Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona, a broad, level spot, on which +||subsequently becomes dry by evaporation. Bartlett. + +Play"bill` (?), n. A printed programme of a play, with the parts +assigned to the actors. + +Play"book` (?), n. A book of dramatic compositions; a book of the play. +Swift. + +Play"day` (?), n. A day given to play or diversion; a holiday. Swift. + +Play"er (?), n. 1. One who plays, or amuses himself; one without +serious aims; an idler; a trifler. Shak. + +2. One who plays any game. + +3. A dramatic actor. Shak. + +4. One who plays on an instrument of music. "A cunning player on a +harp." 1 Sam. xvi. 16. + +5. A gamester; a gambler. + +Play"fel`low (?), n. A companion in amusements or sports; a playmate. +Shak. + +Play"fere` (?), n. [Play + 1st fere.] A playfellow. [Obs.] [Also, +playfeer, playphere.] Holinsheld. + +Play"ful (?), a. Sportive; gamboling; frolicsome; indulging a sportive +fancy; humorous; merry; as, a playful child; a playful writer. -- +Play"ful*ly, adv. -- Play"ful*ness, n. + +Play"game` (?), n. Play of children. Locke. + +Play"go`er (?), n. One who frequents playhouses, or attends dramatic +performances. + +Play"go`ing, a. Frequenting playhouses; as, the playgoing public. -- n. +The practice of going to plays. + +Play"ground` (?), n. A piece of ground used for recreation; as, the +playground of a school. + +Play"house` (?), n. [AS. pleghs.] 1. A building used for dramatic +exhibitions; a theater. Shak. + +2. A house for children to play in; a toyhouse. + +Play"ing, a. & vb. n. of Play. + +Playing cards. See under Card. + +Play"mak`er (?), n. A playwright. [R.] + +Play"mate` (?), n. A companion in diversions; a playfellow. + +Play"some (?), a. Playful; wanton; sportive. [R.] R. Browning. -- +Play"some*ness, n. [R.] + +Playte (?), n. (Naut.) See Pleyt. + +Play"thing` (?), n. A thing to play with; a toy; anything that serves +to amuse. + + A child knows his nurse, and by degrees the playthings of a little + more advanced age. + + +Locke. + +Play"time` (?), n. Time for play or diversion. + +Play"wright` (?), n. A maker or adapter of plays. + +Play"writ`er (?), n. A writer of plays; a dramatist; a playwright. +Lecky. + +||Pla"za (?), n. [Sp. See Place.] A public square in a city or town. + +Plea (?), n. [OE. plee, plai, plait, fr. OF. plait, plaid, plet, LL. +placitum judgment, decision, assembly, court, fr. L. placitum that +which is pleasing, an opinion, sentiment, from placere to please. See +Please, and cf. Placit, Plead.] 1. (Law) That which is alleged by a +party in support of his cause; in a stricter sense, an allegation of +fact in a cause, as distinguished from a demurrer; in a still more +limited sense, and in modern practice, the defendant's answer to the +plaintiff's declaration and demand. That which the plaintiff alleges in +his declaration is answered and repelled or justified by the +defendant's plea. In chancery practice, a plea is a special answer +showing or relying upon one or more things as a cause why the suit +should be either dismissed, delayed, or barred. In criminal practice, +the plea is the defendant's formal answer to the indictment or +information presented against him. + +2. (Law) A cause in court; a lawsuit; as, the Court of Common Pleas. +See under Common. + + The Supreme Judicial Court shall have cognizance of pleas real, + personal, and mixed. + + +Laws of Massachusetts. + +3. That which is alleged or pleaded, in defense or in justification; an +excuse; an apology. "Necessity, the tyrant's plea." Milton. + + No plea must serve; 't is cruelty to spare. + + +Denham. + +4. An urgent prayer or entreaty. + +Pleas of the crown (Eng. Law), criminal actions. + +Pleach (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pleached (&?;); p. pr. & vb. n. +Pleaching.] [Cf. OF. plaissier to bend, and also F. plisser to plait, +L. plicare, plicitum, to fold, lay, or wind together. Cf. Plash to +pleach.] To unite by interweaving, as branches of trees; to plash; to +interlock. "The pleached bower." Shak. + +Plead (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pleaded (colloq. Plead (?) or Pled); p. +pr. & vb. n. Pleading.] [OE. pleden, plaiden, OF. plaidier, F. plaider, +fr. LL. placitare, fr. placitum. See Plea.] 1. To argue in support of a +claim, or in defense against the claim of another; to urge reasons for +or against a thing; to attempt to persuade one by argument or +supplication; to speak by way of persuasion; as, to plead for the life +of a criminal; to plead with a judge or with a father. + + O that one might plead for a man with God, as a man pleadeth for + his neighbor! + + +Job xvi. 21. + +2. (Law) To present an answer, by allegation of fact, to the +declaration of a plaintiff; to deny the plaintiff's declaration and +demand, or to allege facts which show that ought not to recover in the +suit; in a less strict sense, to make an allegation of fact in a cause; +to carry on the allegations of the respective parties in a cause; to +carry on a suit or plea. Blackstone. Burrill. Stephen. + +3. To contend; to struggle. [Obs.] Chaucer. + +Plead (?), v. t. 1. To discuss, defend, and attempt to maintain by +arguments or reasons presented to a tribunal or person having uthority +to determine; to argue at the bar; as, to plead a cause before a court +or jury. + + Every man should plead his own matter. + + +Sir T. More. + +In this sense, argue is more generally used by lawyers. + +2. To allege or cite in a legal plea or defense, or for repelling a +demand in law; to answer to an indictment; as, to plead usury; to plead +statute of limitations; to plead not guilty. Kent. + +3. To allege or adduce in proof, support, or vendication; to offer in +excuse; as, the law of nations may be pleaded in favor of the rights of +ambassadors. Spenser. + + I will neither plead my age nor sickness, in excuse of faults. + + +Dryden. + +Plead"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being pleaded; capable of being alleged +in proof, defense, or vindication; as, a right or privilege pleadable +at law. Dryden. + +Plead"er (?), n. [F. plaideur.] 1. One who pleads; one who argues for +or against; an advotate. + + So fair a pleader any cause may gain. + + +Dryden. + +2. (Law) One who draws up or forms pleas; the draughtsman of pleas or +pleadings in the widest sense; as, a special pleader. + +Plead"ing, n. The act of advocating, defending, or supporting, a cause +by arguments. + +Plead"ing*ly, adv. In a pleading manner. + +Plead"ings (?), n. pl. (Law) The mutual pleas and replies of the +plaintiff and defendant, or written statements of the parties in +support of their claims, proceeding from the declaration of the +plaintiff, until issue is joined, and the question made to rest on some +single point. Blackstone. + +Pleas"ance (?), n. [F. plaisance. See Please.] 1. Pleasure; merriment; +gayety; delight; kindness. [Archaic] Shak. "Full great pleasance." +Chaucer. "A realm of pleasance." Tennyson. + +2. A secluded part of a garden. [Archaic] + + The pleasances of old Elizabethan houses. + + +Ruskin. + +Pleas"ant (?), a. [F. plaisant. See Please.] 1. Pleasing; grateful to +the mind or to the senses; agreeable; as, a pleasant journey; pleasant +weather. + + Behold, how good and pleasant it is for brethren to dwell together + in unity! + + +Ps. cxxxiii. 1. + +2. Cheerful; enlivening; gay; sprightly; humorous; sportive; as, +pleasant company; a pleasant fellow. + + From grave to light, from pleasant to serve. + + +Dryden. + +Syn. -- Pleasing; gratifying; agreeable; cheerful; good- humored; +enlivening; gay; lively; merry; sportive; humorous; jocose; amusing; +witty. -- Pleasant, Pleasing, Agreeable. Agreeable is applied to that +which agrees with, or is in harmony with, one's tastes, character, etc. +Pleasant and pleasing denote a stronger degree of the agreeable. +Pleasant refers rather to the state or condition; pleasing, to the act +or effect. Where they are applied to the same object, pleasing is more +energetic than pleasant; as, she is always pleasant and always +pleasing. The distinction, however, is not radical and not rightly +observed. + +Pleas"ant, n. A wit; a humorist; a buffoon. [Obs.] + +Pleas"ant*ly, adv. In a pleasant manner. + +Pleas"ant*ness, n. The state or quality of being pleasant. + +Pleas"ant*ry (?), n.; pl. Pleasantries (#). [F. plaisanterie. See +Pleasant.] That which denotes or promotes pleasure or good humor; +cheerfulness; gayety; merriment; especially, an agreeable playfulness +in conversation; a jocose or humorous remark; badinage. + + The grave abound in pleasantries, the dull in repartees and points + of wit. + + +Addison. + + The keen observation and ironical pleasantry of a finished man of + the world. + + +Macaulay. + +Pleas"ant-tongued` (?), a. Of pleasing speech. + +Please (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pleased; p. pr. & vb. n. Pleasing.] +[OE. plesen, OF. plaisir, fr. L. placere, akin to placare to reconcile. +Cf. Complacent, Placable, Placid, Plea, Plead, Pleasure.] 1. To give +pleasure to; to excite agreeable sensations or emotions in; to make +glad; to gratify; to content; to satisfy. + + I pray to God that it may plesen you. + + +Chaucer. + + What next I bring shall please thee, be assured. + + +Milton. + +2. To have or take pleasure in; hence, to choose; to wish; to desire; +to will. + + Whatsoever the Lord pleased, that did he. + + +Ps. cxxxv. 6. + + A man doing as he wills, and doing as he pleases, are the same + things in common speech. + + +J. Edwards. + +3. To be the will or pleasure of; to seem good to; -- used +impersonally. "It pleased the Father that in him should all fullness +dwell." Col. i. 19. + + To-morrow, may it please you. + + +Shak. + +To be pleased in or with, to have complacency in; to take pleasure in. +-- To be pleased to do a thing, to take pleasure in doing it; to have +the will to do it; to think proper to do it. Dryden. + +Please (?), v. i. 1. To afford or impart pleasure; to excite agreeable +emotions. + + What pleasing scemed, for her now pleases more. + + +Milton. + + For we that live to please, must please to live. + + +Johnson. + +2. To have pleasure; to be willing, as a matter of affording pleasure +or showing favor; to vouchsafe; to consent. + + Heavenly stranger, please to taste These bounties. + + +Milton. + + That he would please 8give me my liberty. + + +Swift. + +Pleased (?), a. Experiencing pleasure. -- Pleas"ed*ly (#), adv. -- +Pleas"ed*ness, n. + +Please"man (?), n. An officious person who courts favor servilely; a +pickthank. [Obs.] Shak. + +Pleas"er (?), n. One who pleases or gratifies. + +Pleas"ing, a. Giving pleasure or satisfaction; causing agreeable +emotion; agreeable; delightful; as, a pleasing prospect; pleasing +manners. "Pleasing harmony." Shak. "Pleasing features." Macaulay. -- +Pleas"ing*ly, adv. -- Pleas"ing*ness, n. + +Syn. -- Gratifying; delightful; agreeable. See Pleasant. + +Pleas"ing, n. An object of pleasure. [Obs.] Chaucer. + +Pleas"ur*a*ble (?), a. Capable of affording pleasure or satisfaction; +gratifying; abounding in pleasantness or pleasantry. + + Planting of orchards is very . . . pleasurable. + + +Bacon. + + O, sir, you are very pleasurable. + + +B. Jonson. + +-- Pleas"ur*a*ble*ness, n. -- Pleas"ur*a*bly, adv. + +Pleas"ure (?), n. [F. plaisir, originally an infinitive. See Please.] +1. The gratification of the senses or of the mind; agreeable sensations +or emotions; the excitement, relish, or happiness produced by the +expectation or the enjoyment of something good, delightful, or +satisfying; -- opposed to pain, sorrow, etc. + + At thy right hand there are pleasures for evermore. + + +Ps. xvi. 11. + +2. Amusement; sport; diversion; self- indulgence; frivolous or +dissipating enjoyment; hence, sensual gratification; -- opposed to +labor, service, duty, self-denial, etc. "Not sunk in carnal pleasure." +Milton. + + He that loveth pleasure shall be a poor man. + + +Prov. xxi. 17. + + Lovers of pleasures more than lovers of God. + + +2 Tim. iii. 4. + +3. What the will dictates or prefers as gratifying or satisfying; +hence, will; choice; wish; purpose. "He will do his pleasure on +Babylon." Isa. xlviii. 14. + + Use your pleasure; if your love do not presuade you to come, let + not my letter. + + +Shak. + +4. That which pleases; a favor; a gratification. Shak. + + Festus, willing to do the Jews a pleasure + + +Acts xxv. 9. + +At pleasure, by arbitrary will or choice. Dryden. -- To take pleasure +in, to have enjoyment in. Ps. cxlvii. 11. + +Pleasure is used adjectively, or in the formation of self-explaining +compounds; as, pleasure boat, pleasure ground; pleasure house, etc. + +Syn. -- Enjoyment; gratification; satisfaction; comfort; solace; joy; +gladness; delight; will; choice; preference; purpose; command; favor; +kindness. + +Pleas"ure, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pleasured (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Pleasuring.] To give or afford pleasure to; to please; to gratify. +Shak. + + [Rolled] his hoop to pleasure Edith. + + +Tennyson. + +Pleas"ure, v. i. To take pleasure; to seek pursue pleasure; as, to go +pleasuring. + +Pleas"ure*ful (?), a. Affording pleasure. [R.] + +Pleas"ure*less, a. Devoid of pleasure. G. Eliot. + +Pleas"ur*er (?), n. A pleasure seeker. Dickens. + +Pleas"ur*ist, n. A person devoted to worldly pleasure. [R.] Sir T. +Browne. + +Pleat (plt), n. & v. t. See Plait. + +Plebe (plb), n. [F. plËbe, fr. L. plebs.] 1. The common people; the +mob. [Obs.] + + The plebe with thirst and fury prest. + + +Sylvester. + +2. [Cf. Plebeian.] A member of the lowest class in the military academy +at West Point. [Cant, U.S.] + +Ple*be"ian (pl*b"yan), a. [L. plebeius, from plebs, plebis, the common +people: cf. F. plÈbÈien.] 1. Of or pertaining to the Roman plebs, or +common people. + +2. Of or pertaining to the common people; vulgar; common; as, plebeian +sports; a plebeian throng. + +Ple*be"ian, n. 1. One of the plebs, or common people of ancient Rome, +in distinction from patrician. + +2. One of the common people, or lower rank of men. + +Ple*be"iance (?), n. 1. Plebeianism. [Obs.] + +2. Plebeians, collectively. [Obs.] + +Ple*be"ian*ism (?), n. [Cf. F. plÈbÈianisme.] 1. The quality or state +of being plebeian. + +2. The conduct or manners of plebeians; vulgarity. + +Ple*be"ian*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Plebeianized (?); p. pr. & vb. +n. Plebeianizing.] To render plebeian, common, or vulgar. + +Ple*bic"o*list (?), n. [L. plebs the common people + colere to +cultivate.] One who flatters, or courts the favor of, the common +people; a demagogue. [R.] + +Pleb`i*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [L. plebs the common people + -ficare (in +comp.) to make. See -fy.] A rendering plebeian; the act of vulgarizing. +[R.] + + You begin with the attempt to popularize learning . . . but you + will end in the plebification of knowledge. + + +Coleridge. + +Ple*bis"ci*ta*ry (?), a. Of or pertaining to plebiscite. The Century. + +Pleb"i*scite (?), n. [F. plÈbiscite, fr. L. plebiscitum.] A vote by +universal male suffrage; especially, in France, a popular vote, as +first sanctioned by the National Constitution of 1791. [Written also +plebiscit.] + + Plebiscite we have lately taken, in popular use, from the French. + + +Fitzed. Hall. + +||Ple`bis*ci"tum (?), n. [L., fr. plebs, plebis, common people + scitum +||decree.] (Rom. Antiq.) A law enacted by the common people, under the +||superintendence of a tribune or some subordinate plebeian magistrate, +||without the intervention of the senate. + +Plec"tile (?), a. [L. plectilis.] Woven; plaited. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne. + +<! p. 1099 !> + +Plec"tog*nath (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Of or pertaining to the Plectognathi. - - +n. One of the Plectognathi. + +||Plec*to"gna*thi (?), n. pl. [NL., from Gr. &?; twisted (fr. &?; to +||plait, twist) + &?; jaw.] (Zoˆl.) An order of fishes generally having +||the maxillary bone united with the premaxillary, and the articular +||united with the dentary. + +The upper jaw is immovably joined to the skull; the ventral fins are +rudimentary or wanting; and the body is covered with bony plates, +spines, or small rough ossicles, like shagreen. The order includes the +diodons, filefishes, globefishes, and trunkfishes. + +{ Plec`tog*nath"ic (?), Plec-tog"na*thous (?), } a. (Zoˆl.) Of or +pertaining to the Plectognathi. + +||Plec`to*spon"dy*li (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; plaited + &?;, &?;, +||a vertebra.] (Zoˆl.) An extensive suborder of fresh-water +||physostomous fishes having the anterior vertebrÊ united and much +||modified; the Eventognathi. + +Plec`to*spon"dy*lous (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Of or pertaining to the +Plectospondyli. + +||Plec"trum (?), n.; pl. L. Plectra (#), E. Plectrums (#). [L., fr. Gr. +||&?; anything to strike with, fr.&?; to strike.] A small instrument of +||ivory, wood, metal, or quill, used in playing upon the lyre and other +||stringed instruments. + +Pled (?), imp. & p. p. of Plead [Colloq.] Spenser. + +Pledge (?), n. [OF. plege, pleige, pledge, guaranty, LL. plegium, +plivium; akin to OF. plevir to bail, guaranty, perhaps fr. L. praebere +to proffer, offer (sc. fidem a trust, a promise of security), but cf. +also E. play. √28. Cf. Prebend, Replevin.] 1. (Law) The transfer +of possession of personal property from a debtor to a creditor as +security for a debt or engagement; also, the contract created between +the debtor and creditor by a thing being so delivered or deposited, +forming a species of bailment; also, that which is so delivered or +deposited; something put in pawn. + +Pledge is ordinarily confined to personal property; the title or +ownership does not pass by it; possession is essential to it. In all +these points it differs from a mortgage [see Mortgage]; and in the +last, from the hypotheca of the Roman law. See Hypotheca. Story. Kent. + +2. (Old Eng. Law) A person who undertook, or became responsible, for +another; a bail; a surety; a hostage. "I am Grumio's pledge." Shak. + +3. A hypothecation without transfer of possession. + +4. Anything given or considered as a security for the performance of an +act; a guarantee; as, mutual interest is the best pledge for the +performance of treaties. "That voice, their liveliest pledge of hope." +Milton. + +5. A promise or agreement by which one binds one's self to do, or to +refrain from doing, something; especially, a solemn promise in writing +to refrain from using intoxicating liquors or the like; as, to sign the +pledge; the mayor had made no pledges. + +6. A sentiment to which assent is given by drinking one's health; a +toast; a health. + +Dead pledge. [A translation of LL. mortuum vadium.] (Law) A mortgage. +See Mortgage. -- Living pledge. [A translation of LL. vivum vadium.] +(Law) The conveyance of an estate to another for money borrowed, to be +held by him until the debt is paid out of the rents and profits. -- To +hold in pledge, to keep as security. -- To put in pledge, to pawn; to +give as security. + +Syn. -- See Earnest. + +Pledge, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pledged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pledging.] +[Cf. OF. pleiger to give security. See Pledge, n.] 1. To deposit, as a +chattel, in pledge or pawn; to leave in possession of another as +security; as, to pledge one's watch. + +2. To give or pass as a security; to guarantee; to engage; to plight; +as, to pledge one's word and honor. + + We mutually pledge to each other our lives, our fortunes, and our + sacred honor. + + +The Declaration of Independence. + +3. To secure performance of, as by a pledge. [Obs.] + + To pledge my vow, I give my hand. + + +Shak. + +4. To bind or engage by promise or declaration; to engage solemnly; as, +to pledge one's self. + +5. To invite another to drink, by drinking of the cup first, and then +handing it to him, as a pledge of good will; hence, to drink the health +of; to toast. + + Pledge me, my friend, and drink till thou be'st wise. + + +Cowley. + +Pledg*ee" (?), n. The one to whom a pledge is given, or to whom +property pledged is delivered. + +Pledge"less (?), a. Having no pledge. + +{ Pledge*or", Pledg*or" } (?), n. (Law) One who pledges, or delivers +anything in pledge; a pledger; -- opposed to pledgee. + +This word analogically requires the e after g, but the spelling pledgor +is perhaps commoner. + +Pledg"er (?), n. One who pledges. + +Pledg"er*y (?), n. [Cf. OF. pleigerie.] A pledging; suretyship. [Obs.] + +Pledg"et (?), n. [Prov. E., a small plug.] 1. A small plug. [Prov. +End.] + +2. (Naut.) A string of oakum used in calking. + +3. (Med.) A compress, or small flat tent of lint, laid over a wound, +ulcer, or the like, to exclude air, retain dressings, or absorb the +matter discharged. + +||Ple*gep"o*da (?), n. pl. [NL., from Gr. (&?;) a stroke + -poda. In +||allusion to the rapid strokes of the vibrating cilia.] (Zoˆl.) Same +||as Infusoria. + +Ple"iad (?), n. One of the Pleiades. + +Ple"ia*des (?; 277), n. pl. [L., fr. Gr. (&?;)] 1. (Myth.) The seven +daughters of Atlas and the nymph Pleione, fabled to have been made by +Jupiter a constellation in the sky. + +2. (Astron.) A group of small stars in the neck of the constellation +Taurus. Job xxxviii. 31. + +Alcyone, the brightest of these, a star of the third magnitude, was +considered by M‰dler the central point around which our universe is +revolving, but there is no sufficient evidence of such motion. Only six +pleiads are distinctly visible to the naked eye, whence the ancients +supposed that a sister had concealed herself out of shame for having +loved a mortal, Sisyphus. + +Plein (?), a. Plan. [Obs.] Chaucer. + +Plein, v. i. & t. To complain. See Plain. [Obs.] + +Plein, a. [OF. & F., fr. L. plenus.] Full; complete. [Obs.] "Plein +remission." Chaucer. -- Plein"ly, adv. + +Plei"o*cene (?), a. (Geol.) See Pliocene. + +Plei*oph"yl*lous (?), a. [Gr. &?; more + &?; leaf.] (Bot.) Having +several leaves; -- used especially when several leaves or leaflets +appear where normally there should be only one. + +||Plei`o*sau"rus (?), n. [NL.] (Paleon.) Same as Pliosaurus. + +Pleis"to*cene (?), a. [Gr. &?; most + &?; new.] (Geol.) Of or +pertaining to the epoch, or the deposits, following the Tertiary, and +immediately preceding man. -- n. The Pleistocene epoch, or deposits. + +Ple"nal (?), a. [L. plenus full. Cf. Plenary.] Full; complete; as, a +plenal view or act. [Obs.] + +Ple"na*ri*ly (?), adv. In a plenary manner. + +Ple"na*ri*ness, n. Quality or state of being plenary. + +Plen"ar*ty (?), n. The state of a benefice when occupied. Blackstone. + +Ple"na*ry (?), a. [LL. plenarius, fr. L. plenus full. See Plenty.] +Full; entire; complete; absolute; as, a plenary license; plenary +authority. + + A treatise on a subject should be plenary or full. + + +I. Watts. + +Plenary indulgence (R. C. Ch.), an entire remission of temporal +punishment due to, or canonical penance for, all sins. -- Plenary +inspiration. (Theol.) See under Inspiration. + +Ple"na*ry, n. (Law) Decisive procedure. [Obs.] + +Plene (?), Ê. [L. plenus full.] Full; complete; plenary. [Obs.] + +Ple"ni*corn (?), n. [L. plenus full + cornu horn.] (Zoˆl.) A ruminant +having solid horns or antlers, as the deer. Brande & C. + +Plen`i*lu"na*ry (?), a. Of or pertaining to the full moon. [Obs.] Sir +T. Browne. + +Plen"i*lune (?), n. [L. plenilunium; plenus full + luna the moon.] The +full moon. [Obs.] B. Jonson. + +{ Ple*nip"o*tence (?), Ple*nip"o*ten*cy (?), } n. The quality or state +of being plenipotent. [R.] + +Ple*nip"o*tent (?), a. [L. plenus full + potens, -entis, potent.] +Possessing full power. [R.] Milton. + +Plen`i*po*ten"ti*a*ry (?), n.; pl. Plenipotentiaries (#). [LL. +plenipotentiarius: cf. F. plÈnipotentiaire.] A person invested with +full power to transact any business; especially, an ambassador or envoy +to a foreign court, with full power to negotiate a treaty, or to +transact other business. + +Plen`i*po*ten"ti*a*ry, a. Containing or conferring full power; invested +with full power; as, plenipotentiary license; plenipotentiary +ministers. Howell. + +Plen"ish (?), v. t. [See Replenish.] 1. To replenish. [Obs.] T. Reeve. + +2. To furnish; to stock, as a house or farm. [Scot.] + +Plen"ish*ing, n. Household furniture; stock. [Scot.] + +Ple"nist (?), n. [L. plenus full; cf. F. plÈniste.] One who holds that +all space is full of matter. + +Plen"i*tude (?), n. [L. plenitudo, fr. plenus full; cf. F. plenitude.] +1. The quality or state of being full or complete; fullness; +completeness; abundance; as, the plenitude of space or power. + +2. Animal fullness; repletion; plethora. [Obs.] + +Plen`i*tu`di*na"ri*an (?), n. A plenist. + +Plen`i*tu"di*na*ry (?), a. Having plenitude; full; complete; thorough. +[Obs.] + +Plen"te*ous (?), a. [From Plenty.] 1. Containing plenty; abundant; +copious; plentiful; sufficient for every purpose; as, a plenteous +supply. "Reaping plenteous crop." Milton. + +2. Yielding abundance; productive; fruitful. "The seven plenteous +years." Gen. xli. 34. + +3. Having plenty; abounding; rich. + + The Lord shall make thee plenteous in goods. + + +Deut. xxviii. 11. + +Syn. -- Plentiful; copious; full. See Ample. + +-- Plen"te*ous*ly, adv. -- Plen"te*ous*ness, n. + +Plen"te*vous (?), a. Plenteous. [Obs.] Chaucer. + +Plen"ti*ful (?), a. 1. Containing plenty; copious; abundant; ample; as, +a plentiful harvest; a plentiful supply of water. + +2. Yielding abundance; prolific; fruitful. + + If it be a long winter, it is commonly a more plentiful year. + + +Bacon. + +3. Lavish; profuse; prodigal. [Obs.] + + He that is plentiful in expenses will hardly be preserved from + + +Bacon. + +-- Plen"ti*ful*ly, adv. -- Plen"ti*ful*ness, n. + +Plen"ty (?), n.; pl. Plenties (#), in Shak. [OE. plentee, plente, OF. +plentÈ, fr. L. plenitas, fr. plenus full. See Full, a., and cf. +Complete.] Full or adequate supply; enough and to spare; sufficiency; +specifically, abundant productiveness of the earth; ample supply for +human wants; abundance; copiousness. "Plenty of corn and wine." Gen. +xxvii. 28. "Promises Britain peace and plenty." Shak. + + Houses of office stuffed with plentee. + + +Chaucer. + + The teeming clouds Descend in gladsome plenty o'er the world. + + +Thomson. + +Syn. -- Abundance; exuberance. See Abundance. + +Plen"ty, a. Plentiful; abundant. [Obs. or Colloq.] + + If reasons were as plenty as blackberries. + + +Shak. (Folio ed.) + + Those countries where shrubs are plenty. + + +Goldsmith. + +||Ple"num (?), n. [L., fr. plenus full.] That state in which every part +||of space is supposed to be full of matter; -- opposed to vacuum. G. +||Francis. + +Ple`o*chro"ic (?), a. Having the property of pleochroism. + +Ple*och"ro*ism (?), n. [Gr.&?; mor&?; + &?; color.] (Crystallog.) The +property possessed by some crystals, of showing different colors when +viewed in the direction of different axes. + +Ple*och`ro*mat"ic (?), a. Pleochroic. + +Ple`o*chro"ma*tism (?), n. Pleochroism. + +Ple*och"ro*ous (?), a. Pleochroic. + +Ple`o*mor"phic (?), a. Pertaining to pleomorphism; as, the pleomorphic +character of bacteria. + +Ple`o*mor"phism (?), n. [Gr. &?; more + &?; form.] 1. (Crystallog.) The +property of crystallizing under two or more distinct fundamental forms, +including dimorphism and trimorphism. + +2. (Biol.) The theory that the various genera of bacteria are phases or +variations of growth of a number of Protean species, each of which may +exhibit, according to undetermined conditions, all or some of the forms +characteristic of the different genera and species. + +Ple`o*mor"phous (?), a. Having the property of pleomorphism. + +Ple"o*nasm, (&?;), n. [L. pleonasmus, Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to be more than +enough, to abound, fr.&?;, neut. of &?;, more, compar. of &?; much. See +Full, a., and cf. Poly-, Plus.] (Rhet.) Redundancy of language in +speaking or writing; the use of more words than are necessary to +express the idea; as, I saw it with my own eyes. + +Ple"o*nast (?), n. One who is addicted to pleonasm. [R.] C. Reade. + +Ple"o*naste, n. [Gr.&?; abundant, rich; cf. F. plÈonaste.] (Min.) A +black variety of spinel. + +{ Ple`o*nas"tic (?), Ple`o*nas"tic*al (?), } a. [Cf. F. plÈonastique.] +Of or pertaining to pleonasm; of the nature of pleonasm; redundant. + +Ple`o*nas"tic*al*ly, adv. In a pleonastic manner. + +Ple"o*pod (?), n.; pl. E. Pleopods (#), L. Pleopoda (#). [Gr. &?; to +swim + -pod.] (Zoˆl.) One of the abdominal legs of a crustacean. See +Illust. under Crustacea. + +Ple"rome (?), n. [Gr. &?; that which fills up, fr. &?; to fill.] (Bot.) +The central column of parenchyma in a growing stem or root. + +Ple*roph"o*ry (?), n. [Gr. &?;; &?; full + &?; to bear.] Fullness; full +persuasion. "A plerophory of assurance." Bp. Hall. + +Ples"ance (?), n. Pleasance. [Obs.] Chaucer. + +Plesh (?), n. A pool; a plash. [Obs.] Spenser. + +Ple`si*mor"phism (?), n. [Gr. &?; near + &?; form.] (Crystallog.) The +property possessed by some substances of crystallizing in closely +similar forms while unlike in chemical composition. + +Ple`si*o*mor"phous (?), a. Nearly alike in form. + +Ple"si*o*saur (?), n. (Paleon.) One of the Plesiosauria. + +||Ple`si*o*sau"ri*a (?), n. pl. [NL. See Plesiosaurus.] (Paleon.) An +||extinct order of Mesozoic marine reptiles including the genera +||Plesiosaurus, and allied forms; -- called also Sauropterygia. + +Ple`si*o*sau"ri*an (?), n. (Paleon.) A plesiosaur. + +||Ple`si*o*sau"rus (?), n.; pl. Plesiosauri (#). [NL., fr. Gr &?; near +||+ &?; a lizard.] (Paleon.) A genus of large extinct marine reptiles, +||having a very long neck, a small head, and paddles for swimming. It +||lived in the Mesozoic age. + +Ples*sim"e*ter (?), n. See Pleximeter. + +Plete (?), v. t. & i. To plead. [Obs.] P. Plowman. + +Pleth"o*ra (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to be or become full. Cf. +Pleonasm.] 1. Overfullness; especially, excessive fullness of the blood +vessels; repletion; that state of the blood vessels or of the system +when the blood exceeds a healthy standard in quantity; hyperÊmia; -- +opposed to anÊmia. + +2. State of being overfull; excess; superabundance. + + He labors under a plethora of wit and imagination. + + +Jeffrey. + +Pleth`o*ret"ic (?), a. Plethoric. [Obs.] Johnson. + +Ple*thor"ic (?), a. [Gr. &?;; cf. F. plÈthorique.] Haeving a full habit +of body; characterized by plethora or excess of blood; as, a plethoric +constitution; -- used also metaphorically. "Plethoric phrases." Sydney +Smith. "Plethoric fullness of thought." De Quincey. + +Ple*thor"ic*al (?), a. Plethoric. [R.] -- Ple*thor"ic*al*ly, adv. +Burke. + +Pleth"o*ry (?), n. Plethora. Jer. Taylor. + +{ ||Pleth"ron (?), ||Pleth"rum (?), } n.; pl. Plethra (#). [NL., fr. +Gr. &?;.] (Gr. Antiq.) A long measure of 100 Greek, or 101 English, +feet; also, a square measure of 10,000 Greek feet. + +||Pleth"ys*mo*graph (?), n. [Gr. &?; an enlargement + -graph.] +||(Physiol.) An instrument for determining and registering the +||variations in the size or volume of a limb, as the arm or leg, and +||hence the variations in the amount of blood in the limb. + +-- Pleth`ys*mo*graph"ic (#), a. + +<! p. 1100 !> + +Pleth`ys*mog"ra*phy (?), n. (Physiol.) The study, by means of the +plethysmograph, of the variations in size of a limb, and hence of its +blood supply. + +||Pleu"ra (?), n., pl. of Pleuron. + +Pleu"ra, n.; pl. L. PleurÊ (#), E. Pleuras (#). [NL., n. fem., fr. Gr. +&?; a rib, the side.] 1. (Anat.) (a) The smooth serous membrane which +closely covers the lungs and the adjacent surfaces of the thorax; the +pleural membrane. (b) The closed sac formed by the pleural membrane +about each lung, or the fold of membrane connecting each lung with the +body wall. + +2. (Zoˆl.) Same as Pleuron. + +Pleu"ral (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the pleura or pleurÊ, or +to the sides of the thorax. + +||Pleu*ral"gi*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; rib + &?; pain.] (Med.) Pain +||in the side or region of the ribs. + +||Pleu`ra*poph"y*sis (?), n.; pl. Pleurapophyses (#). [NL. See Pleura, +||and Apophysis.] (Anat.) One of the ventral processes of a vertebra, +||or the dorsal element in each half of a hemal arch, forming, or +||corresponding to, a vertebral rib. -- Pleu*rap`o*phys"i*al (#), a. +||Owen. + +Pleu*ren"chy*ma (?), n. [Gr. &?; side + &?;, as in parenchyma.] (Bot.) +A tissue consisting of long and slender tubular cells, of which wood is +mainly composed. + +Pleu"ric (?), a. (Anat.) Pleural. + +Pleu"ri*sy (?), n. [F. pleurÈsie, L. pleurisis, pleuritis, Gr +pleyri^tis (sc. no`sos), fr. pleyra` rib, side.] (Med.) An inflammation +of the pleura, usually accompanied with fever, pain, difficult +respiration, and cough, and with exudation into the pleural cavity. + +Pleurisy root. (Bot.) (a) The large tuberous root of a kind of milkweed +(Asclepias tuberosa) which is used as a remedy for pleuritic and other +diseases. (b) The plant itself, which has deep orange-colored flowers; +-- called also butterfly weed. + +Pleu"rite (?), n. (Zoˆl.) Same as Pleuron. + +{ Pleu*rit"ic (?), Pleu*rit"ic*al (?), } a. [L. pleuriticus, Gr. &?;: +cf. F. pleurÈtique.] (Med.) (a) Of or pertaining to pleurisy; as, +pleuritic symptoms. (b) Suffering from pleurisy. + +||Pleu*ri"tis (?), n. [L.] (Med.) Pleurisy. + +Pleu"ro- (?). [See Pleura.] A combining form denoting relation to a +side; specif., connection with, or situation in or near, the pleura; +as, pleuroperitoneum. + +||Pleu`ro*brach"i*a (?), n. [NL. See Pleuro-, and Brachium.] (Zoˆl.) A +||genus of ctenophores having an ovate body and two long plumose +||tentacles. + +Pleu"ro*branch (?), n. [See Pleuro- , and Branchia.] (Zoˆl.) Any one of +the gills of a crustacean that is attached to the side of the thorax. + +||Pleu`ro*bran"chi*a (?), n.; pl. PleuroeranchiÊ (#). [NL.] (Zoˆl.) +||Same as Pleurobranch. + +Pleu"ro*carp (?), n. [Pleuro- + Gr. &?; fruit.] (Bot.) Any pleurocarpic +moss. + +{ Pleu`ro*car"pic (?), Pleu`ro*car"pous (?), } a. (Bot.) Side-fruited; +-- said of those true mosses in which the pedicels or the capsules are +from lateral archegonia; -- opposed to acrocarpous. + +||Pleu`ro*cen"trum (?), n. [NL. see Pleuro-, and Centrum.] (Anat.) One +||of the lateral elements in the centra of the vertebrÊ in some fossil +||batrachians. + +||Pleu*rod"e*res (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; the side + &?; the +||neck.] (Zoˆl.) A group of fresh-water turtles in which the neck can +||not be retracted, but is bent to one side, for protection. The +||matamata is an example. + +Pleu"ro*dont (?), a. [Pleuro- + Gr. &?;, &?;, a tooth.] (Anat.) Having +the teeth consolidated with the inner edge of the jaw, as in some +lizards. + +Pleu"ro*dont, n. (Zoˆl.) Any lizard having pleurodont teeth. + +||Pleu`ro*dyn"i*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; side + &?; pain.] (Med.) A +||painful affection of the side, simulating pleurisy, usually due to +||rheumatism. + +||Pleu"ron (?), n.; pl. Pleura (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a rib.] (Zoˆl.) +||(a) One of the sides of an animal. (b) One of the lateral pieces of a +||somite of an insect. (c) One of lateral processes of a somite of a +||crustacean. + +Pleu`ro*nec"toid (?), a. [NL. Pleuronectes, name of a genus (fr. Gr. +&?; rib + &?; a swimmer) + -oid.] (Zoˆl.) Pertaining to the +PleuronectidÊ, or Flounder family. + +Pleu`ro*per`i*car"di*al (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the pleura +and pericardium. + +Pleu`ro*per`ip*neu"mo*ny (?), n. [Pleuro- + peripneumony.] (Med.) +Pleuropneumonia. + +Pleu`ro*per`i*to*ne"al (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the pleural +and peritoneal membranes or cavities, or to the pleuroperitoneum. + +Pleu`ro*per`i*to*ne"um (?), n. [Pleuro- + peritoneum.] (Anat.) The +pleural and peritoneal membranes, or the membrane lining the body +cavity and covering the surface of the inclosed viscera; the +peritoneum; -- used especially in the case of those animals in which +the body cavity is not divided. + +Peritoneum is now often used in the sense of pleuroperitoneum, the +pleurÊ being regarded as a part of the peritoneum, when the body cavity +is undivided. + +Pleu`ro*pneu*mo"ni*a (?), n. [Pleuro- + pneumonia.] (Med.) +Inflammation of the pleura and lungs; a combination of pleurisy and +pneumonia, esp. a kind of contagions and fatal lung plague of cattle. + +||Pleu*rop"te*ra (?), n. pl [NL., fr. Gr. &?; side + &?; wing.] (Zoˆl.) +||A group of Isectivora, including the colugo. + +||Pleu`ro*sig"ma (?), n. [NL. See Pleuro-, and Sigma.] (Bot.) A genus +||of diatoms of elongated elliptical shape, but having the sides +||slightly curved in the form of a letter S. Pleurosigma angulatum has +||very fine striations, and is a favorite object for testing the high +||powers of microscopes. + +||Pleu*ros"te*on (?), n.; pl. L. Pleurostea (#), E. -ons (#). [NL., fr. +||Gr. &?; a rib + &?; a bone.] (Anat.) The antero- lateral piece which +||articulates the sternum of birds. + +||Pleu`ro*thot"o*nus (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. pleyro`qen from the side + +||to`nos a stretching.] (Med.) A species of tetanus, in which the body +||is curved laterally. Quain. Dunglison. + +||Pleu*rot"o*ma (?), n.; pl. L. PleurotomÊ (#), E. Pleurotomas (#). +||[NL., fr. Gr. &?; the side + tomh` a cut.] (Zoˆl.) Any marine +||gastropod belonging to Pleurotoma, and ether allied genera of the +||family PleurotmidÊ. The species are very numerous, especially in +||tropical seas. The outer lip has usually a posterior notch or slit. + +Plev"in (?), n. [OF. plevine. See Replevin.] A warrant or assurance. +[Obs.] + +Plex"i*form (?), a. [Plexus + -form: cf. F. Plexiforme.] Like network; +complicated. Quincy. + +Plex*im"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. &?; stroke, percussion (from &?; to strike) ++ -meter.] (Med.) A small, hard, elastic plate, as of ivory, bone, or +rubber, placed in contact with body to receive the blow, in examination +by mediate percussion. [Written also plexometer.] + +Plex"ure (?), n. [See Plexus.] The act or process of weaving together, +or interweaving; that which is woven together. H. Brooke. + +Plex"us (?), n.; pl. L. Plexus, E. Plexuses (#). [L., a twining, braid, +fr. plectere, plexum, to twine, braid.] 1. (Anat.) A network of +vessels, nerves, or fibers. + +2. (Math.) The system of equations required for the complete expression +of the relations which exist between a set of quantities. Brande & C. + +Pley (?), v. & n. See Play. [Obs.] Chaucer. + +Pley (?), a. Full See Plein. [Obs.] Chaucer. + +Pleyt (?), n. (Naut.) An old term for a river boat. + +Pli`a*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being pliable; +flexibility; as, pliability of disposition. "Pliability of movement." +Sir W. Scott. + +Pli"a*ble (?), a. [F., fr. plier to bend, to fold. See Ply, v.] 1. +Capable of being plied, turned, or bent; easy to be bent; flexible; +pliant; supple; limber; yielding; as, willow is a pliable plant. + +2. Flexible in disposition; readily yielding to influence, arguments, +persuasion, or discipline; easy to be persuaded; -- sometimes in a bad +sense; as, a pliable youth. "Pliable she promised to be." Dr. H. More. + +-- Pli"a*ble*ness, n. -- Pli"a*bly, adv. + +Pli"an*cy (?), n. The quality or state of being pliant in sense; as, +the pliancy of a rod. "Avaunt all specious pliancy of mind." +Wordsworth. + +Pli"ant (?), a. [F. pliant, p. pr. of plier to bend. See Ply, v.] 1. +Capable of plying or bending; readily yielding to force or pressure +without breaking; flexible; pliable; lithe; limber; plastic; as, a +pliant thread; pliant wax. Also used figuratively: Easily influenced +for good or evil; tractable; as, a pliant heart. + + The will was then ductile and pliant to right reason. + + +South. + +2. Favorable to pliancy. [R.] "A pliant hour." Shak. -- Pli"ant*ly, +adv. -- Pli"ant*ness, n. + +||Pli"ca (?), n. [LL., a fold, fr. L. plicare to fold. See Ply, v.] 1. +||(Med.) A disease of the hair (Plica polonica), in which it becomes +||twisted and matted together. The disease is of Polish origin, and is +||hence called also Polish plait. Dunglison. + +2. (Bot.) A diseased state in plants in which there is an excessive +development of small entangled twigs, instead of ordinary branches. + +3. (Zoˆl.) The bend of the wing of a bird. + +{ Pli"cate (?), Pli"ca*ted (?), } a. [L. plicatus, p. p. of plicare to +fold.] Plaited; folded like a fan; as, a plicate leaf. -- Pli"cate*ly +(#), adv. + +Pli*ca"tion (?), n. A folding or fold; a plait. Richardson. + +Plic"a*ture (?), n. [L. plicatura, fr. plicare to fold.] A fold; a +doubling; a plication. Dr. H. More. + +Plic`i*den"tine (?), n. [LL. plica fold + E. dentine.] (Anat.) A form +of dentine which shows sinuous lines of structure in a transverse +section of the tooth. + +Plied (?), imp. & p. p. of Ply. + +Pli"ers (?), n. pl. [From Ply to bend, fold.] A kind of small pinchers +with long jaws, -- used for bending or cutting metal rods or wire, for +handling small objects such as the parts of a watch, etc. + +Pli"form (?), a. [Ply a fold + -form.] In the form of a ply, fold, or +doubling. [Obs.] Pennant. + +Plight (?), obs. imp. & p. p. of Plight, to pledge. Chaucer. + +Plight, obs. imp. & p. p. of Pluck. Chaucer. + +Plight, v. t. [OE. pliten; probably through Old French, fr. LL. +plectare, L. plectere. See Plait, Ply.] To weave; to braid; to fold; to +plait.[Obs.] "To sew and plight." Chaucer. + + A plighted garment of divers colors. + + +Milton. + +Plight (?), n. A network; a plait; a fold; rarely a garment. [Obs.] +"Many a folded plight." Spenser. + +Plight, n. [OE. pliht danger, engagement, AS. pliht danger, fr. pleÛn +to risk; akin to D. plicht duty, G. pflicht, Dan. pligt. √28. Cf. +Play.] 1. That which is exposed to risk; that which is plighted or +pledged; security; a gage; a pledge. "That lord whose hand must take my +plight." Shak. + +2. [Perh. the same word as plight a pledge, but at least influenced by +OF. plite, pliste, ploit, ploi, a condition, state; cf. E. plight to +fold, and F. pli a fold, habit, plier to fold, E. ply.] Condition; +state; -- risk, or exposure to danger, often being implied; as, a +luckless plight. "Your plight is pitied." Shak. + + To bring our craft all in another plight + + +Chaucer. + +Plight, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Plighted; p. pr. & vb. n. Plighting.] [AS. +plihtan to expose to danger, pliht danger;cf. D. verplichten to oblige, +engage, impose a duty, G. verpflichten, Sw. fˆrplikta, Dan. forpligte. +See Plight, n.] 1. To pledge; to give as a pledge for the performance +of some act; as, to plight faith, honor, word; -- never applied to +property or goods. " To do them plighte their troth." Piers Plowman. + + He plighted his right hand Unto another love, and to another land. + + +Spenser. + + Here my inviolable faith I plight. + + +Dryden. + +2. To promise; to engage; to betroth. + + Before its setting hour, divide The bridegroom from the plighted + bride. + + +Sir W. Scott. + +Plight"er (?), n. One who, or that which, plights. + +Plim (?), v. i. [Cf. Plump.] To swell, as grain or wood with water. +[Prov. Eng.] Grose. + +Plim"soll's mark` (?). (Naut.) A mark conspicuously painted on the port +side of all British sea-going merchant vessels, to indicate the limit +of submergence allowed by law; -- so called from Samuel Plimsoll, by +whose efforts the act of Parliament to prevent overloading was +procured. + +Plinth (?), n. [L. plinthus, Gr. &?; a brick or tile, a plinth, perh. +akin to E. flint: cf. F. plinthe.] (Arch.) In classical architecture, a +vertically faced member immediately below the circular base of a +column; also, the lowest member of a pedestal; hence, in general, the +lowest member of a base; a sub-base; a block upon which the moldings of +an architrave or trim are stopped at the bottom. See Illust. of Column. + +Pli"o*cene (?), a. [Written also pleiocene.] [Gr. &?; more + &?; new, +recent.] (Geol.) Of, pertaining to, or characterizing, the most recent +division of the Tertiary age. + +Pli"o*cene, n. (Geol.) The Pliocene period or deposits. + +||Pli`o*hip"pus (?), n. [NL., fr. E. pliocene + Gr. &?; horse.] +||(Paleon.) An extinct genus of horses from the Pliocene deposits. Each +||foot had a single toe (or hoof), as in the common horse. + +||Pli`o*sau"rus (?), n. [NL., from Gr. &?; greater + &?; lizard.] +||(Paleon.) An extinct genus of marine reptiles allied to Plesiosaurus, +||but having a much shorter neck. + +Plitt (?), n. [Russ. plete.] An instrument of punishment or torture +resembling the knout, used in Russia. + +Ploc (?), n. [F.] (Naut.) A mixture of hair and tar for covering the +bottom of a ship. + +||Plo"ce (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?; complication, fr. &?; to entwine.] +||(Rhet.) A figure in which a word is separated or repeated by way of +||emphasis, so as not only to signify the individual thing denoted by +||it, but also its peculiar attribute or quality; as, "His wife's a +||wife indeed." Bailey. + +Plod (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Plodded (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Plodding.] +[Gf. Gael. plod a clod, a pool; also, to strike or pelt with a clod or +clods.] 1. To travel slowly but steadily; to trudge. Shak. + +2. To toil; to drudge; especially, to study laboriously and patiently. +"Plodding schoolmen." Drayton. + +Plod, v. t. To walk on slowly or heavily. + + The ploughman homeward plods his weary way. + + +Gray. + +Plod"der (?), n. One who plods; a drudge. + +Plod"ding (?), a. Progressing in a slow, toilsome manner; characterized +by laborious diligence; as, a plodding peddler; a plodding student; a +man of plodding habits. --Plod"ding*ly, adv. + +Plonge (?), v. t. [See Plunge.] To cleanse, as open drains which are +entered by the tide, by stirring up the sediment when the tide ebbs. + +||Plon`gÈe" (?), n. [F. See Plunge.] (Mil.) A slope or sloping toward +||the front; as, the plongÈe of a parapet; the plongÈe of a shell in +||its course. [Sometimes written plonge.] + +Plot (?), n. [AS. plot; cf. Goth. plats a patch. Cf. Plat a piece of +ground.] 1. A small extent of ground; a plat; as, a garden plot. Shak. + +2. A plantation laid out. [Obs.] Sir P. Sidney. + +3. (Surv.) A plan or draught of a field, farm, estate, etc., drawn to a +scale. + +Plot, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Plotted (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Plotting.] To +make a plot, map, pr plan, of; to mark the position of on a plan; to +delineate. + + This treatise plotteth down Cornwall as it now standeth. + + +Carew. + +Plot, n. [Abbrev. from complot.] 1. Any scheme, stratagem, secret +design, or plan, of a complicated nature, adapted to the accomplishment +of some purpose, usually a treacherous and mischievous one; a +conspiracy; an intrigue; as, the Rye-house Plot. + + I have overheard a plot of death. + + +Shak. + + O, think what anxious moments pass between The birth of plots and + their last fatal periods! + + +Addison. + +2. A share in such a plot or scheme; a participation in any stratagem +or conspiracy. [Obs.] + + And when Christ saith, Who marries the divorced commits adultery, + it is to be understood, if he had any plot in the divorce. + + +Milton. + +3. Contrivance; deep reach of thought; ability to plot or intrigue. +[Obs.] "A man of much plot." Denham. + +4. A plan; a purpose. "No other plot in their religion but serve God +and save their souls." Jer. Taylor. + +5. In fiction, the story of a play, novel, romance, or poem, comprising +a complication of incidents which are gradually unfolded, sometimes by +unexpected means. + + If the plot or intrigue must be natural, and such as springs from + the subject, then the winding up of the plot must be a probable + consequence of all that went before. + + +Pope. + +Syn. -- Intrigue; stratagem; conspiracy; cabal; combination; +contrivance. + +<! p. 1101 !> + +Plot (plt), v. i. 1. To form a scheme of mischief against another, +especially against a government or those who administer it; to +conspire. Shak. + + The wicked plotteth against the just. + + +Ps. xxxvii. 12. + +2. To contrive a plan or stratagem; to scheme. + + The prince did plot to be secretly gone. + + +Sir H. Wotton. + +Plot, v. t. To plan; to scheme; to devise; to contrive secretly. +"Plotting an unprofitable crime." Dryden. "Plotting now the fall of +others." Milton + +Plot"ful (?), a. Abounding with plots. + +Plo*tin"i*an (?), a.Of pertaining to the Plotinists or their doctrines. + +Plo*ti"nist (?), n. (Eccl. Hist.) A disciple of Plotinus, a celebrated +Platonic philosopher of the third century, who taught that the human +soul emanates from the divine Being, to whom it reunited at death. + +Plot"-proof` (?), a. Secure against harm by plots. Shak. + +Plot"ter (?), n. One who plots or schemes; a contriver; a conspirator; +a schemer. Dryden. + +Plough (?), n. & v. See Plow. + +Plov"er (?), n. [OF. plovier, F. pluvier, prop., the rain bird, fr. LL. +(assumed) pluviarius, fr. L. pluvia rain, from pluere to rain; akin to +E. float, G. fliessen to flow. See Float.] 1. (Zoˆl.) Any one of +numerous species of limicoline birds belonging to the family +CharadridÊ, and especially those belonging to the subfamily +CharadrinsÊ. They are prized as game birds. + +2. (Zoˆl.) Any grallatorial bird allied to, or resembling, the true +plovers, as the crab plover (Dromas ardeola); the American upland, +plover (Bartramia longicauda); and other species of sandpipers. + +Among the more important species are the blackbellied, or +blackbreasted, plover (Charadrius squatarola) of America and Europe; -- +called also gray plover, bull-head plover, Swiss plover, sea plover, +and oxeye; the golden plover (see under Golden); the ring or ringed +plover (∆gialitis hiaticula). See Ringneck. The piping plover +(∆gialitis meloda); Wilson's plover (∆. Wilsonia); the mountain plover +(∆. montana); and the semipalmated plover (∆. semipalmata), are all +small American species. + +Bastard plover (Zoˆl.), the lapwing. -- Long-legged, or yellow- legged, +plover. See Tattler. -- Plover's page, the dunlin. [Prov. Eng.] -- Rock +plover, or Stone plover, the black-bellied plover. [Prov. Eng.] -- +Whistling plover. (a) The golden plover. (b) The black-bellied plover. + +{ Plow, Plough } (plou), n. [OE. plouh, plou, AS. plh; akin to D. +ploeg, G. pflug, OHG. pfluog, pfluoh, Icel. plgr, Sw. plog, Dan. ploug, +plov, Russ. plug', Lith. plugas.] 1. A well-known implement, drawn by +horses, mules, oxen, or other power, for turning up the soil to prepare +it for bearing crops; also used to furrow or break up the soil for +other purposes; as, the subsoil plow; the draining plow. + + Where fern succeeds ungrateful to the plow. + + +Dryden. + +2. Fig.: Agriculture; husbandry. Johnson. + +3. A carucate of land; a plowland. [Obs.] [Eng.] + + Johan, mine eldest son, shall have plowes five. + + +Tale of Gamelyn. + +4. A joiner's plane for making grooves; a grooving plane. + +5. (Bookbinding) An implement for trimming or shaving off the edges of +books. + +6. (Astron.) Same as Charles's Wain. + +Ice plow, a plow used for cutting ice on rivers, ponds, etc., into +cakes suitable for storing. [U. S.] -- Mackerel plow. See under +Mackerel. - - Plow alms, a penny formerly paid by every plowland to the +church. Cowell. -- Plow beam, that part of the frame of a plow to which +the draught is applied. See Beam, n., 9. -- Plow Monday, the Monday +after Twelth Day, or the end of Christmas holidays. -- Plow staff. (a) +A kind of long-handled spade or paddle for cleaning the plowshare; a +paddle staff. (b) A plow handle. -- Snow plow, a structure, usually +-shaped, for removing snow from sidewalks, railroads, etc., -- drawn or +driven by a horse or a locomotive. + +{ Plow, Plough, } v. t. [imp. & p. p. Plowed (ploud) or Ploughed; p. +pr. & vb. n. Plowing or Ploughing.] 1. To turn up, break up, or trench, +with a plow; to till with, or as with, a plow; as, to plow the ground; +to plow a field. + +2. To furrow; to make furrows, grooves, or ridges in; to run through, +as in sailing. + + Let patient Octavia plow thy visage up With her prepared nails. + + +Shak. + + With speed we plow the watery way. + + +Pope. + +3. (Bookbinding) To trim, or shave off the edges of, as a book or +paper, with a plow. See Plow, n., 5. + +4. (Joinery) To cut a groove in, as in a plank, or the edge of a board; +especially, a rectangular groove to receive the end of a shelf or +tread, the edge of a panel, a tongue, etc. + +To plow in, to cover by plowing; as, to plow in wheat. -- To plow up, +to turn out of the ground by plowing. + +{ Plow, Plough } (plou), v. i. To labor with, or as with, a plow; to +till or turn up the soil with a plow; to prepare the soil or bed for +anything. Shak. + + Doth the plowman plow all day to sow ? + + +Isa. xxviii. 24. + +{ Plow"a*ble, Plough"a*ble } (?), a. Capable of being plowed; arable. + +{ Plow"bote`, Plough"bote` } (?), n. (Eng. Law) Wood or timber allowed +to a tenant for the repair of instruments of husbandry. See Bote. + +{ Plow"boy`, Plough"boy` }, n. A boy that drives or guides a team in +plowing; a young rustic. + +{ Plow"er, Plough"er } (?), n. One who plows; a plowman; a cultivator. + +{ Plow"foot`, Plough"foot` } (?), n. An adjustable staff formerly +attached to the plow beam to determine the depth of the furrow. Piers +Plowman. + +{ Plow"gang`, Plough"gang` } (?), n. Same as Plowgate. + +{ Plow"gate`, Plough"gate` } (?), n. The Scotch equivalent of the +English word plowland. + + Not having one plowgate of land. + + +Sir W. Scott. + +{ Plow"head`, Plough"head` } (?), n. The clevis or draught iron of a +plow. + +{ Plow"land`, Ploug"land` } (?), n. 1. Land that is plowed, or suitable +for tillage. + +2. (O. Eng. Law) the quantity of land allotted for the work of one +plow; a hide. + +{ Plow"man, Plough"man } (?), n.; pl. -men (&?;). 1. One who plows, or +who holds and guides a plow; hence, a husbandman. Chaucer. Macaulay. + +2. A rustic; a countryman; a field laborer. + +Plowman's spikenard (Bot.), a European composite weed (Conyza +squarrosa), having fragrant roots. Dr. Prior. + +{ Plow"point`, Plough"point` } (?), n. A detachable share at the +extreme front end of the plow body. + +{ Plow"share`, Plough"share" } (?), n. The share of a plow, or that +part which cuts the slice of earth or sod at the bottom of the furrow. + +Plowshare bone (Anat.), the pygostyle. + +{ Plow"tail`, Plough"tail` } (?), n. The hind part or handle of a plow. + +{ Plow"wright`, Plough"wright` } (?), n. One who makes or repairs +plows. + +Ploy (?), n. Sport; frolic. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.] + +Ploy, v. i. [Prob. abbrev. fr. deploy.] (Mil.) To form a column from a +line of troops on some designated subdivision; -- the opposite of +deploy. Wilhelm. + +Ploy"ment (?), n. (Mil.) The act or movement of forming a column from a +line of troops on some designated subdivision; -- the opposite of +deployment. + +Pluck (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Plucked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Plucking.] +[AS. pluccian; akin to LG. & D. plukken, G. pfl¸cken, Icel. plokka, +plukka, Dan. plukke, Sw. plocka. &?;27.] 1. To pull; to draw. + + Its own nature . . . plucks on its own dissolution. + + +Je&?;. Taylor. + +2. Especially, to pull with sudden force or effort, or to pull off or +out from something, with a twitch; to twitch; also, to gather, to pick; +as, to pluck feathers from a fowl; to pluck hair or wool from a skin; +to pluck grapes. + + I come to pluck your berries harsh and crude. + + +Milton. + + E'en children followed, with endearing wile, And plucked his gown + to share the good man's smile. + + +Goldsmith. + +3. To strip of, or as of, feathers; as, to pluck a fowl. + + They which pass by the way do pluck her. + + +Ps. lxxx.&?;2. + +4. (Eng. Universities) To reject at an examination for degrees. C. +BrontÈ. + +To pluck away, to pull away, or to separate by pulling; to tear away. +-- To pluck down, to pull down; to demolish; to reduce to a lower +state. -- to pluck off, to pull or tear off; as, to pluck off the skin. +-- to pluck up. (a) To tear up by the roots or from the foundation; to +eradicate; to exterminate; to destroy; as, to pluck up a plant; to +pluck up a nation. Jer. xii. 17. (b) To gather up; to summon; as, to +pluck up courage. + +Pluck, v. i. To make a motion of pulling or twitching; -- usually with +at; as, to pluck at one's gown. + +Pluck, n. 1. The act of plucking; a pull; a twitch. + +2. [Prob. so called as being plucked out after the animal is killed; or +cf. Gael. & Ir. pluc a lump, a knot, a bunch.] The heart, liver, and +lights of an animal. + +3. Spirit; courage; indomitable resolution; fortitude. + + Decay of English spirit, decay of manly pluck. + + +Thackeray. + +4. The act of plucking, or the state of being plucked, at college. See +Pluck, v. t., 4. + +5. (Zoˆl.) The lyrie. [Prov. Eng.] + +Plucked (?), a. Having courage and spirit. [R.] + +Pluck"er, n. 1. One who, or that which, plucks. + + Thou setter up and plucker down of kings. + + +Shak. + +2. A machine for straightening and cleaning wool. + +Pluck"i*ly (?), adv. In a plucky manner. + +Pluck"i*ness, n. The quality or state of being plucky. + +Pluck"less, a. Without pluck; timid; faint-hearted. + +Pluck"y (?), a. [Compar. Pluckier (?); superl. Pluckiest.] Having pluck +or courage; characterized by pluck; displaying pluck; courageous; +spirited; as, a plucky race. + + If you're plucky, and not over subject to fright. + + +Barham. + +Pluff (?), v. t. [Prob. of imitative origin.] To throw out, as smoke, +dust, etc., in puffs. [Scot.] + +Pluff, n. 1. A puff, as of smoke from a pipe, or of dust from a +puffball; a slight explosion, as of a small quantity of gunpowder. +[Scot.] + +2. A hairdresser's powder puff; also, the act of using it. [Scot.] + +Plug (?), n. [Akin to D. plug, G. pflock, Dan. plˆk, plug, Sw. plugg; +cf. W. ploc.] 1. Any piece of wood, metal, or other substance used to +stop or fill a hole; a stopple. + +2. A flat oblong cake of pressed tobacco. [U. S.] + +3. A high, tapering silk hat. [Slang, U.S.] + +4. A worthless horse. [Slang, U.S.] + +5. (Building) A block of wood let into a wall, to afford a hold for +nails. + +Fire plug, a street hydrant to which hose may be attached. [U. S.] -- +Hawse plug (Naut.), a plug to stop a hawse hole. -- Plug and feather. +(Stone Working) See Feather, n., 7. -- Plug centerbit, a centerbit +ending in a small cylinder instead of a point, so as to follow and +enlarge a hole previously made, or to form a counterbore around it. -- +Plug rod (Steam Eng.) , a rod attached to the beam for working the +valves, as in the Cornish engine. -- Plug valve (Mech.), a tapering +valve, which turns in a case like the plug of a faucet. + +Plug (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Plugged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Plugging +(?).] To stop with a plug; to make tight by stopping a hole. + +Plug"ger (?), n. One who, or that which, plugs. + +Plug"ging, n. 1. The act of stopping with a plug. + +2. The material of which a plug or stopple is made. + +Plum (?), n. [AS. plme, fr. L. prunum; akin to Gr. &?;, &?;. Cf. Prune +a dried plum.] + +1. (Bot.) The edible drupaceous fruit of the Prunus domestica, and of +several other species of Prunus; also, the tree itself, usually called +plum tree. + + The bullace, the damson, and the numerous varieties of plum, of our + gardens, although growing into thornless trees, are believed to be + varieties of the blackthorn, produced by long cultivation. + + +G. Bentham. + +Two or three hundred varieties of plums derived from the Prunus +domestica are described; among them the greengage, the Orleans, the +purple gage, or Reine Claude Violette, and the German prune, are some +of the best known. + +Among the true plums are; Beach plum, the Prunus maritima, and its +crimson or purple globular drupes, -- Bullace plum. See Bullace. -- +Chickasaw plum, the American Prunus Chicasa, and its round red drupes. +-- Orleans plum, a dark reddish purple plum of medium size, much grown +in England for sale in the markets. -- Wild plum of America, Prunus +Americana, with red or yellow fruit, the original of the Iowa plum and +several other varieties. + +Among plants called plum, but of other genera than Prunus, are; +Australian plum, Cargillia arborea and C. australis, of the same family +with the persimmon. -- Blood plum, the West African HÊmatostaphes +Barteri. -- Cocoa plum, the Spanish nectarine. See under Nectarine. -- +Date plum. See under Date. -- Gingerbread plum, the West African +Parinarium macrophyllum. -- Gopher plum, the Ogeechee lime. -- Gray +plum, Guinea plum. See under Guinea. -- Indian plum, several species of +Flacourtia. + +2. A grape dried in the sun; a raisin. + +3. A handsome fortune or property; formerly, in cant language, the sum +of £100,000 sterling; also, the person possessing it. + +Plum bird, Plum budder (Zoˆl.), the European bullfinch. -- Plum gouger +(Zoˆl.), a weevil, or curculio (Coccotorus scutellaris), which destroys +plums. It makes round holes in the pulp, for the reception of its eggs. +The larva bores into the stone and eats the kernel. -- Plum weevil +(Zoˆl.), an American weevil which is very destructive to plums, +nectarines, cherries, and many other stone fruits. It lays its eggs in +crescent-shaped incisions made with its jaws. The larva lives upon the +pulp around the stone. Called also turk, and plum curculio. See Illust. +under Curculio. + +||Plu"ma (pl"m), n.; pl. PlumÊ (-m). [L.] (Zoˆl.) A feather. + +Plum"age (plm"j), n. [F., from plume a feather.] (Zoˆl.) The entire +clothing of a bird. + +It consist of the contour feathers, or the ordinary feathers covering +the head, neck, and body; the tail feathers, with their upper and lower +coverts; the wing feathers, including primaries, secondaries, and +tertiaries, with their coverts; and the down which lies beneath the +contour feathers. See Illust. under Bird. + +Plu*mas"sa*ry (?), n. [Cf. F. plumasseau.] A plume or collection of +ornamental feathers. + +||Plu`mas`sier" (?), n. [F.] One who prepares or deals in ornamental +||plumes or feathers. + +Plumb (plm), n. [F. plomb, L. plumbum lead, a leaden ball or bullet; +cf. Gr. mo`lybos, mo`libos, mo`lybdos. Cf. Plummet, Plunge.] A little +mass or weight of lead, or the like, attached to a line, and used by +builders, etc., to indicate a vertical direction; a plummet; a plumb +bob. See Plumb line, below. + +Plumb bob. See Bob, 4. -- Plumb joint, in sheet-metal work, a lap +joint, fastened by solder. -- Plumb level. See under Level. -- Plumb +line. (a) The cord by which a plumb bob is suspended; a plummet. (b) A +line directed to the center of gravity of the earth. -- Plumb rule, a +narrow board with a plumb line, used by builders and carpenters. + +Plumb, a. Perpendicular; vertical; conforming the direction of a line +attached to a plumb; as, the wall is plumb. + +Plumb, adv. In a plumb direction; perpendicularly. "Plumb down he +falls." Milton. + +Plumb, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Plumbed (plmd); p. pr. & vb. n. Plumbing +(plm"ng).] 1. To adjust by a plumb line; to cause to be perpendicular; +as, to plumb a building or a wall. + +2. To sound with a plumb or plummet, as the depth of water; hence, to +examine by test; to ascertain the depth, quality, dimension, etc.; to +sound; to fathom; to test. + + He did not attempt to plumb his intellect. + + +Ld. Lytton. + +3. To seal with lead; as, to plumb a drainpipe. + +4. To supply, as a building, with a system of plumbing. + +Plumb"age (plm"j; 48), n. Leadwork [R.] + +Plum*ba"gin (plm*b"jn), n. [L. plumbago leadwort, fr. plumbum lead; cf. +F. plombagin.] (Chem.) A crystalline substance said to be found in the +root of a certain plant of the Leadwort (Plumbago) family. + +<! p. 1102 !> + +Plum`ba*gin"e*ous (plm`b*jn"*s), a. (Bot.) Pertaining to natural order +(PlumbagineÊ) of gamopetalous herbs, of which Plumbago is the type. The +order includes also the marsh rosemary, the thrift, and a few other +genera. + +Plum*bag"i*nous (?), a. Resembling plumbago; consisting of, or +containing, plumbago; as, a plumbaginous slate. + +Plum*ba"go, n. [L., from plumbum lead.] 1. (Min.) Same as Graphite. + +2. (Bot.) A genus of herbaceous plants with pretty salver-shaped +corollas, usually blue or violet; leadwort. + +{ Plum"be*an (?), Plum"be*ous (?), } a. [L. plumbeus, from plumbum the +metal lead.] 1. Consisting of, or resembling, lead. J. Ellis. + +2. Dull; heavy; stupid. [R.] J. P. Smith. + +Plumb"er (?), n. [F. plombier. See Plumb.] One who works in lead; esp., +one who furnishes, fits, and repairs lead, iron, or glass pipes, and +other apparatus for the conveyance of water, gas, or drainage in +buildings. + +Plumb"er block` (?). A pillow block. + +Plumb"er*y (?), n. [F. plomberie.] 1. The business of a plumber. [Obs.] + +2. A place where plumbing is carried on; lead works. + +Plum"bic (?), a. [From Plumbum.] (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, resembling, +or containing, lead; -- used specifically to designate those compounds +in which it has a higher valence as contrasted with plumbous compounds; +as, plumbic oxide. + +Plum*bif"er*ous (?), a. [Plumbum + -ferous.] Producing or containing +lead. Kirwan. + +Plumb"ing (?), n. 1. The art of casting and working in lead, and +applying it to building purposes; especially, the business of +furnishing, fitting, and repairing pipes for conducting water, sewage, +etc. Gwilt. + +2. The lead or iron pipes, and other apparatus, used in conveying +water, sewage, etc., in a building. + +Plum"bism (?), n. [From Plumbum.] (Med.) A diseased condition, produced +by the absorption of lead, common among workers in this metal or in its +compounds, as among painters, typesetters, etc. It is characterized by +various symptoms, as lead colic, lead line, and wrist drop. See under +Colic, Lead, and Wrist. + +Plum"bous (?), a. [From Plumbum.] (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or +containing, lead; -- used specifically to designate those compounds in +which it has a lower valence as contrasted with plumbic compounds. + +||Plum"bum (?), n. [L.] (Chem.) The technical name of lead. See Lead. + +Plume (?), n. [F., fr. L. pluma. Cf. Fly, v.] + +1. A feather; esp., a soft, downy feather, or a long, conspicuous, or +handsome feather. + + Wings . . . of many a colored plume. + + +Milton. + +2. (Zoˆl.) An ornamental tuft of feathers. + +3. A feather, or group of feathers, worn as an ornament; a waving +ornament of hair, or other material resembling feathers. + + His high plume, that nodded o'er his head. + + +Dryden. + +4. A token of honor or prowess; that on which one prides himself; a +prize or reward. "Ambitious to win from me some plume." Milton. + +5. (Bot.) A large and flexible panicle of inflorescence resembling a +feather, such as is seen in certain large ornamental grasses. + +Plume bird (Zoˆl.), any bird that yields ornamental plumes, especially +the species of Epimarchus from New Guinea, and some of the herons and +egrets, as the white heron of Florida (Ardea candidissima). -- Plume +grass. (Bot) (a) A kind of grass (Erianthus saccharoides) with the +spikelets arranged in great silky plumes, growing in swamps in the +Southern United States. (b) The still finer E. RavennÊ from the +Mediterranean region. The name is sometimes extended to the whole +genus. -- Plume moth (Zoˆl.), any one of numerous small, slender moths, +belonging to the family PterophoridÊ. Most of them have the wings +deeply divided into two or more plumelike lobes. Some species are +injurious to the grapevine. -- Plume nutmeg (Bot.), an aromatic +Australian tree (Atherosperma moschata), whose numerous carpels are +tipped with long plumose persistent styles. + +Plume, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Plumed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pluming.] [Cf. +F. plumer to pluck, to strip, L. plumare to cover with feathers.] 1. To +pick and adjust the plumes or feathers of; to dress or prink. + + Pluming her wings among the breezy bowers. + + +W. Irving. + +2. To strip of feathers; to pluck; to strip; to pillage; also, to peel. +[Obs.] Bacon. Dryden. + +3. To adorn with feathers or plumes. "Farewell the plumed troop." Shak. + +4. To pride; to vaunt; to boast; -- used reflexively; as, he plumes +himself on his skill. South. + +Plumed adder (Zoˆl.), an African viper (Vipera, or Clotho cornuta), +having a plumelike structure over each eye. It is venomous, and is +related to the African puff adder. Called also horned viper and +hornsman. -- Plumed partridge (Zoˆl.), the California mountain quail +(Oreortyx pictus). See Mountain quail, under Mountain. + +Plume"less (?), a. Without plumes. + +Plume"let (?), n. [Plume + - let.] A small plume. + + When rosy plumelets tuft the larch. + + +Tennyson. + +Plum"er*y (?), n. Plumes, collectively or in general; plumage. [R.] +Southey. + +Plu"mi*corn (?), n. [L. pluma feather + cornu horn.] (Zoˆl.) An ear +tuft of feathers, as in the horned owls. + +Plu*mig"er*ous (?), a. [L. plumiger; pluma a feather + gerere to bear.] +Feathered; having feathers. Bailey + +Plu*mil"i*form (?), a. [L. plumula, or plumella a little feather (dim. +of pluma feather) + -form.] Having the of a plume or feather. [R.] + +Plu"mi*ped (?), a. [L. plumipes, -edis; pluma a feather + pes: cf. F. +plumipËde.] (Zoˆl.) Having feet covered with feathers. -- n. A plumiped +bird. + +Plum"met (?), n. [OE. plommet, OF. plommet, fr. plom, plum, lead, F. +plomb. See Plumb.] 1. A piece of lead attached to a line, used in +sounding the depth of water. + + I'll sink him deeper than e'er plummet sounded. + + +Shak. + +2. A plumb bob or a plumb line. See under Plumb, n. + +3. Hence, any weight. + +4. A piece of lead formerly used by school children to rule paper for +writing. + +Plummet line, a line with a plummet; a sounding line. + +Plum"ming (?), n. [See Plumb.] (Min.) The operation of finding, by +means of a mine dial, the place where to sink an air shaft, or to bring +an adit to the work, or to find which way the lode inclines. + +Plum"my (?), a. [From Plum.] Of the nature of a plum; desirable; +profitable; advantageous. [Colloq.] "For the sake of getting something +plummy." G. Eliot. + +{ Plu*mose" (?), Plu"mous (?), } a. [L. plumosus, fr. pluma feather: +cf. F. plumeux.] + +1. Having feathers or plumes. + +2. Having hairs, or other p·rts, arranged along an axis like a feather; +feathery; plumelike; as, a plumose leaf; plumose tentacles. + +Plu"mo*site (?), n. (Min.) Same as Jamesonite. + +Plu*mos"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being plumose. + +Plump (plmp), a. [Compar. Plumper (-r); superl. Plumpest.] [OE. plomp +rude, clumsy; akin to D. plomp, G., Dan., & Sw. plump; probably of +imitative origin. Cf. Plump, adv.] Well rounded or filled out; full; +fleshy; fat; as, a plump baby; plump cheeks. Shak. + + The god of wine did his plump clusters bring. + + +T. Carew. + +Plump, n. A knot; a cluster; a group; a crowd; a flock; as, a plump of +trees, fowls, or spears. [Obs.] + + To visit islands and the plumps of men. + + +Chapman. + +Plump, v. i. [Cf. D. plompen, G. plumpen, Sw. plumpa, Dan. plumpe. See +Plump, a.] 1. To grow plump; to swell out; as, her cheeks have plumped. + +2. To drop or fall suddenly or heavily, all at once."Dulcissa plumps +into a chair." Spectator. + +3. To give a plumper. See Plumper, 2. + +Plump, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Plumped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Plumping.] 1. +To make plump; to fill (out) or support; -- often with up. + + To plump up the hollowness of their history with improbable + miracles. + + +Fuller. + +2. To cast or let drop all at once, suddenly and heavily; as, to plump +a stone into water. + +3. To give (a vote), as a plumper. See Plumper, 2. + +Plump, adv. [Cf. D. plomp, interj., G. plump, plumps. Cf. Plump, a. & +v.] Directly; suddenly; perpendicularly. "Fall plump." Beau. & Fl. + +Plump"er (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, plumps or swells out +something else; hence, something carried in the mouth to distend the +cheeks. + +2. (English Elections) A vote given to one candidate only, when two or +more are to be elected, thus giving him the advantage over the others. +A person who gives his vote thus is said to plump, or to plump his +vote. + +3. A voter who plumps his vote. [Eng.] + +4. A downright, unqualified lie. [Colloq. or Low] + +Plump"ly, adv. Fully; roundly; plainly; without reserve. [Colloq.] + +Plump"ness, n. The quality or state of being plump. + +Plump"y (?), a. Plump; fat; sleek. "Plumpy Bacchus." Shak. + +||Plu"mu*la (?), n.; pl. L. Plumule (#), E.-las (#). [L. See Plumule.] +||1. (Bot.) A plumule. + +2. (Zoˆl.) A down feather. + +Plu`mu*la"ceous (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Downy; bearing down. + +Plu"mu*lar (?), a. (Bot.) Relating to a plumule. + +||Plu`mu*la"ri*a (?), n.; pl. L. PlumularlÊ (#), E. Plumularias (#). +||[NL.] (Zoˆl.) Any hydroid belonging to Plumularia and other genera of +||the family PlumularidÊ. They generally grow in plumelike forms. + +Plu`mu*la"ri*an (?), n. (Zoˆl.) Any Plumularia. Also used adjectively. + +Plu"mule (?), n. [L. plumula, dim. of pluma a feather; cf. F. plumule.] +1. (Bot.) The first bud, or gemmule, of a young plant; the bud, or +growing point, of the embryo, above the cotyledons. See Illust. of +Radicle. Gray. + +2. (Zoˆl.) (a) A down feather. (b) The aftershaft of a feather. See +Illust. under Feather. (c) One of the featherlike scales of certain +male butterflies. + +Plu"mu*lose" (?), a. Having hairs branching out laterally, like the +parts of a feather. + +Plum"y (?), a. Covered or adorned with plumes, or as with plumes; +feathery. "His plumy crest." Addison. "The plumy trees." J. S. Blackie. + +Plun"der (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Plundered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Plundering.] [G. pl¸ndern to plunder, plunder frippery, baggage.] 1. To +take the goods of by force, or without right; to pillage; to spoil; to +sack; to strip; to rob; as, to plunder travelers. + + Nebuchadnezzar plunders the temple of God. + + +South. + +2. To take by pillage; to appropriate forcibly; as, the enemy plundered +all the goods they found. + +Syn. -- To pillage; despoil; sack; rifle; strip; rob. + +Plun"der (?), n. 1. The act of plundering or pillaging; robbery. See +Syn. of Pillage. + + Inroads and plunders of the Saracens. + + +Sir T. North. + +2. That which is taken by open force from an enemy; pillage; spoil; +booty; also, that which is taken by theft or fraud. "He shared in the +plunder." Cowper. + +3. Personal property and effects; baggage or luggage. [Slang, +Southwestern U.S.] + +Plun"der*age (?), n. (Mar. Law) The embezzlement of goods on shipboard. +Wharton. + +Plun"der*er (?), n. One who plunders or pillages. + +Plunge (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Plunged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Plunging +(?).] [OE. ploungen, OF. plongier, F. plonger, fr. (assumed) LL. +plumbicare, fr. L. plumbum lead. See Plumb.] 1. To thrust into water, +or into any substance that is penetrable; to immerse; to cause to +penetrate or enter quickly and forcibly; to thrust; as, to plunge the +body into water; to plunge a dagger into the breast. Also used +figuratively; as, to plunge a nation into war. "To plunge the boy in +pleasing sleep." Dryden. + + Bound and plunged him into a cell. + + +Tennyson. + + We shall be plunged into perpetual errors. + + +I. Watts. + +2. To baptize by immersion. + +3. To entangle; to embarrass; to overcome. [Obs.] + + Plunged and graveled with three lines of Seneca. + + +Sir T. Browne. + +Plunge, v. i. 1. To thrust or cast one's self into water or other +fluid; to submerge one's self; to dive, or to rush in; as, he plunged +into the river. Also used figuratively; as, to plunge into debt. + + Forced to plunge naked in the raging sea. + + +Dryden. + + To plunge into guilt of a murther. + + +Tillotson. + +2. To pitch or throw one's self headlong or violently forward, as a +horse does. + + Some wild colt, which . . . flings and plunges. + + +Bp. Hall. + +3. To bet heavily and with seeming recklessness on a race, or other +contest; in an extended sense, to risk large sums in hazardous +speculations. [Cant] + +Plunging fire (Gun.), firing directed upon an enemy from an elevated +position. + +Plunge, n. 1. The act of thrusting into or submerging; a dive, leap, +rush, or pitch into, or as into, water; as, to take the water with a +plunge. + +2. Hence, a desperate hazard or act; a state of being submerged or +overwhelmed with difficulties. [R.] + + She was brought to that plunge, to conceal her husband's murder or + accuse her son. + + +Sir P. Sidney. + + And with thou not reach out a friendly arm, To raise me from amidst + this plunge of sorrows? + + +Addison. + +3. The act of pitching or throwing one's self headlong or violently +forward, like an unruly horse. + +4. Heavy and reckless betting in horse racing; hazardous speculation. +[Cant] + +Plunge bath, an immersion by plunging; also, a large bath in which the +bather can wholly immerse himself. -- Plunge, or plunging, battery +(Elec.), a voltaic battery so arranged that the plates can be plunged +into, or withdrawn from, the exciting liquid at pleasure. + +Plun"ger (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, plunges; a diver. + +2. A long solid cylinder, used, instead of a piston or bucket, as a +forcer in pumps. + +3. One who bets heavily and recklessly on a race; a reckless +speculator. [Cant] + +4. (Pottery) A boiler in which clay is beaten by a wheel to a creamy +consistence. Knight. + +5. (Gun.) The firing pin of a breechloader. + +Plunger bucket, a piston, without a valve, in a pump. -- Plunger pole, +the pump rod of a pumping engine. -- Plunger pump, a pump, as for +water, having a plunger, instead of a piston, to act upon the water. It +may be single-acting or double-acting + +Plun"ket (?), n. A kind of blue color; also, anciently, a kind of +cloth, generally blue. + +Plu"per`fect (?), a. [L. plus more + perfectus perfect; cf. F. +plus-que-parfait, L. plusquamperfectum.] More than perfect; past +perfect; -- said of the tense which denotes that an action or event was +completed at or before the time of another past action or event. -- n. +The pluperfect tense; also, a verb in the pluperfect tense. + +Plu"ral (?), a. [L. pluralis, from plus, pluris, more; cf. F. pluriel, +OF. plurel. See Plus.] Relating to, or containing, more than one; +designating two or more; as, a plural word. + + Plural faith, which is too much by one. + + +Shak. + +Plural number (Gram.), the number which designates more than one. See +Number, n., 8. + +Plu"ral, n. (Gram.) The plural number; that form of a word which +expresses or denotes more than one; a word in the plural form. + +Plu"ral*ism (?), n. 1. The quality or state of being plural, or in the +plural number. + +2. (Eccl.) The state of a pluralist; the holding of more than one +ecclesiastical living at a time. [Eng.] + +Plu"ral*ist, n. (Eccl.) A clerk or clergyman who holds more than one +ecclesiastical benefice. [Eng.] + + Of the parochial clergy, a large proportion were pluralists. + + +Macaulay. + +Plu*ral"i*ty (?), n.; pl. pluralities (#). [L. pluralitas: cf. F. +pluralitÈ.] 1. The state of being plural, or consisting of more than +one; a number consisting of two or more of the same kind; as, a +plurality of worlds; the plurality of a verb. + +2. The greater number; a majority; also, the greatest of several +numbers; in elections, the excess of the votes given for one candidate +over those given for another, or for any other, candidate. When there +are more than two candidates, the one who receives the plurality of +votes may have less than a majority. See Majority. + + Take the plurality of the world, and they are neither wise nor + good. + + +L'Estrange. + +3. (Eccl.) See Plurality of benefices, below. + +Plurality of benefices (Eccl.), the possession by one clergyman of more +than one benefice or living. Each benefice thus held is called a +plurality. [Eng.] + +<! p. 1103 !> + +Plu`ral*i*za"tion (?), n. The act of pluralizing. H. Spencer. + +Plu"ral*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pluralized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Pluralizing (?).] 1. To make plural by using the plural termination; to +attribute plurality to; to express in the plural form. + +2. To multiply; to make manifold. [R.] + +Plu"ral*ize, v. i. 1. To take a plural; to assume a plural form; as, a +noun pluralizes. Earle. + +2. (Eccl.) To hold more than one benefice at the same time. [Eng.] + +Plu"ral*i`zer (?), n. (Eccl.) A pluralist. [R.] + +Plu"ral*ly, adv. In a plural manner or sense. + +Plu"ri- (?). [See Plus.] A combining form from L. plus, pluris, more, +many; as pluriliteral. + +||Plu"ri*es (?), n. [So called from L. pluries many times, often, which +||occurs in the first clause.] (Law) A writ issued in the third place, +||after two former writs have been disregarded. Mozley & W. + +Plu`ri*fa"ri*ous (?), a. [L. plurifarius, fr. L. plus, pluris, many. +Cf. Bifarious.] Of many kinds or fashions; multifarious. + +Plu`ri*fo"li*o*late (?), a. [Pluri- + foliolate.] (Bot.) Having +several or many leaflets. + +Plu`ri*lit"er*al (?), a. [Pluri- + literal.] Consisting of more letters +than three. - - n. A pluriliteral word. + +Plu`ri*loc"u*lar (?), a. [Pluri- + locular.] Having several cells or +loculi; specifically (Bot.), having several divisions containing seeds; +as, the lemon and the orange are plurilocular fruits. + +Plurilocular sporangia (Bot.), many- celled sporangia, each cell +containing a single spore, as in many algÊ. + +Plu*rip"a*rous (?), a. [Pluri- + L. parere to bring forth.] Producing +several young at a birth; as, a pluriparous animal. + +Plu`ri*par"tite (?), a. [Pluri- + partite.] (Bot.) Deeply divided into +several portions. + +Plu`ri*pres"ence (?), n. [Pluri- + presence.] Presence in more places +than one. [R.] Johnson. + +Plu"ri*sy (?), n. [L. plus, pluris, more.] Superabundance; excess; +plethora. [Obs.] Shak. + +Plus (?), a. [L., more; akin to Gr. &?;, &?;, and E. full. See Full, +a., and cf. Pi˘, Pleonasm.] + +1. (Math.) More, required to be added; positive, as distinguished from +negative; -- opposed to minus. + +2. Hence, in a literary sense, additional; real; actual. + + Success goes invariably with a certain plus or positive power. + + +Emerson. + +Plus sign (Math.), the sign (+) which denotes addition, or a positive +quantity. + +Plush (?), n. [F. pluche, peluche (cf. It. peluzzo), fr. L. pilus hair. +See pile hair, and cf. Peruke.] A textile fabric with a nap or shag on +one side, longer and softer than the nap of velvet. Cowper. + +Plush"y (?), a. Like plush; soft and shaggy. H. Kingsley. + +Plu"tar*chy (?), n. [Gr. &?; wealth + -archy.] Plutocracy; the rule of +wealth. [R.] + +Plu"te*al (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Of or pertaining to a pluteus. + +||Plu"te*us (?), n.; pl. L. Plutei (#), E. Pluteuses (#). [L., a shed.] +||(Zoˆl.) The free-swimming larva of sea urchins and ophiurans, having +||several long stiff processes inclosing calcareous rods. + +Plu"to (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?;.] (Class. Myth.) The son of Saturn and +Rhea, brother of Jupiter and Neptune; the dark and gloomy god of the +Lower World. + +Pluto monkey (Zoˆl.), a long- tailed African monkey (Cercopithecus +pluto), having side whiskers. The general color is black, more or less +grizzled; the frontal band is white. + +Plu*toc"ra*cy (?), n. [Gr. &?;; &?; wealth + &?; to be strong, to rule, +fr.&?; strength: cf. F. plutocratie.] A form of government in which the +supreme power is lodged in the hands of the wealthy classes; government +by the rich; also, a controlling or influential class of rich men. + +Plu"to*crat (?), n. One whose wealth gives him power or influence; one +of the plutocracy. + +Plu`to*crat"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to plutocracy; as, plutocratic +ideas. Bagehot. + +Plu*tol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. &?; wealth + -logy.] The science which treats +of wealth. + +Plu*to"ni*an (?), a. [L. Plutonius, Gr. &?;: cf. F. plutonien.] +Plutonic. Poe. + +Plu*to"ni*an (?), n. (Geol.) A Plutonist. + +Plu*ton"ic (?), a. [Cf. F. plutonique. See Pluto.] 1. Of or pertaining +to Pluto; Plutonian; hence, pertaining to the interior of the earth; +subterranean. + +2. Of, pertaining to, or designating, the system of the Plutonists; +igneous; as, the Plutonic theory. + +Plutonic action (Geol.), the influence of volcanic heat and other +subterranean forces under pressure. -- Plutonic rocks (Geol.), granite, +porphyry, and some other igneous rocks, supposed to have consolidated +from a melted state at a great depth from the surface. Cf. Intrusive +rocks, under Intrusive. -- Plutonic theory. (Geol.) See Plutonism. + +Plu"to*nism (?), n. [Cf. F. plutonisme.] The theory, early advanced in +geology, that the successive rocks of the earth\'b6s crust were formed +by igneous fusion; -- opposed to the Neptunian theory. + +Plu"to*nist (?), n. [Cf. F. plutoniste.] One who adopts the geological +theory of igneous fusion; a Plutonian. See Plutonism. + +Plu"tus (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?;.] (Class. Myth.) The son of Jason and +Ceres, and the god of wealth. He was represented as bearing a +cornucopia, and as blind, because his gifts were bestowed without +discrimination of merit. + +Plu"vi*al, a. [L. pluvialis, fr. pluvia rain: cf. F. pluvial. See +Plover.] 1. Of or pertaining to rain; rainy. [R.] + +2. (Geol.) Produced by the action of rain. + +Plu"vi*al, n. [LL. pluviale a garment which keeps off the rain: cf. F. +pluvial.] A priest's cope. + +Plu`vi*am"e*ter (?), n. See Pluviometer. + +Plu`vi*a*met"ric*al (?), a. See Pluviometrical. + +Plu"vi*an (?), n. (Zoˆl.) The crocodile bird. + +Plu`vi*om"e*ter (?), n. [L. pluvia rain + -meter: cf. F. pluviomËtre.] +An instrument for ascertaining the amount of rainfall at any place in a +given time; a rain gauge. + +Plu`vi*o*met"ric*al (?), a. [Cf. F. pluviomÈtrique.] Of or pertaining +to a pluviometer; determined by a pluviometer. + +||Plu`vi`Ùse" (?), n. [F. See Pluvious.] The fifth month of the French +||republican calendar adopted in 1793. It began January 20, and ended +||February 18. See VendÈmiaire. + +Plu"vi*ous (?), a. [L. pluviosus, pluvius, fr. pluvia rain: cf. F. +pluvieux. See Pluvial, a.] Abounding in rain; rainy; pluvial. Sir T. +Browne. + +Ply (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Plied (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Plying (?).] +[OE. plien, F. plier to fold, to bend, fr. L. plicare; akin to Gr. &?;, +G. flechten. Cf. Apply, Complex, Display, Duplicity, Employ, Exploit, +Implicate, Plait, Pliant, Flax.] 1. To bend. [Obs.] + + As men may warm wax with handes plie. + + +Chaucer. + +2. To lay on closely, or in folds; to work upon steadily, or with +repeated acts; to press upon; to urge importunately; as, to ply one +with questions, with solicitations, or with drink. + + And plies him with redoubled strokes + + +Dryden. + + He plies the duke at morning and at night. + + +Shak. + +3. To employ diligently; to use steadily. + + Go ply thy needle; meddle not. + + +Shak. + +4. To practice or perform with diligence; to work at. + + Their bloody task, unwearied, still they ply. + + +Waller. + +Ply, v. i. 1. To bend; to yield. [Obs.] + + It would rather burst atwo than plye. + + +Chaucer. + + The willow plied, and gave way to the gust. + + +L'Estrange. + +2. To act, go, or work diligently and steadily; especially, to do +something by repeated actions; to go back and forth; as, a steamer +plies between certain ports. + + Ere half these authors be read (which will soon be with plying hard + and daily). + + +Milton. + + He was forced to ply in the streets as a porter. + + +Addison. + + The heavy hammers and mallets plied. + + +Longfellow. + +3. (Naut.) To work to windward; to beat. + +Ply, n. [Cf. F. pli, fr. plier. See Ply, v.] 1. A fold; a plait; a turn +or twist, as of a cord. Arbuthnot. + +2. Bent; turn; direction; bias. + + The late learners can not so well take the ply. + + +Bacon. + + Boswell, and others of Goldsmith's contemporaries, . . . did not + understand the secret plies of his character. + + +W. Irving. + + The czar's mind had taken a strange ply, which it retained to the + last. + + +Macaulay. + +Ply is used in composition to designate folds, or the number of webs +interwoven; as, a three-ply carpet. + +Ply"er (?), n. One who, or that which, plies; specifically: (a) pl. A +kind of balance used in raising and letting down a drawbridge. It +consists of timbers joined in the form of a St. Andrew's cross. (b) pl. +See Pliers. + +Plyght (?), v. & n. See Plight. [Obs.] Chaucer. + +Plym"outh Breth"ren (?). The members of a religious sect which first +appeared at Plymouth, England, about 1830. They protest against +sectarianism, and reject all official ministry or clergy. Also called +Brethren, Christian Brethren, Plymouthists, etc. The Darbyites are a +division of the Brethren. + +Pne*om"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. &?; to breathe + -meter.] (Physiol.) A +spirometer. + +{ Pneu*mat"ic (?), Pneu*mat"ic*al (?), } a. [L. pneumaticus, Gr. &?;, +fr. &?;, &?;, wind, air, &?; to blow, breathe; cf. OHG. fnehan: cf. F. +pneumatique. Cf. Pneumonia.] 1. Consisting of, or resembling, air; +having the properties of an elastic fluid; gaseous; opposed to dense or +solid. + + The pneumatical substance being, in some bodies, the native spirit + of the body. + + +Bacon. + +2. Of or pertaining to air, or to elastic fluids or their properties; +pertaining to pneumatics; as, pneumatic experiments. "Pneumatical +discoveries." Stewart. + +3. Moved or worked by pressure or flow of air; as, a pneumatic +instrument; a pneumatic engine. + +4. (Biol.) Fitted to contain air; Having cavities filled with air; as, +pneumatic cells; pneumatic bones. + +Pneumatic action, or Pneumatic lever (Mus.), a contrivance for +overcoming the resistance of the keys and other movable parts in an +organ, by causing compressed air from the wind chest to move them. -- +Pneumatic dispatch, a system of tubes, leading to various points, +through which letters, packages, etc., are sent, by the flow and +pressure of air. -- Pneumatic elevator, a hoisting machine worked by +compressed air. -- Pneumatic pile, a tubular pile or cylinder of large +diameter sunk by atmospheric pressure. -- Pneumatic pump, an +air-exhausting or forcing pump. -- Pneumatic railway. See Atmospheric +railway, under Atmospheric. -- Pneumatic syringe, a stout tube closed +at one end, and provided with a piston, for showing that the heat +produced by compressing a gas will ignite substances. -- Pneumatic +trough, a trough, generally made of wood or sheet metal, having a +perforated shelf, and used, when filled with water or mercury, for +collecting gases in chemical operations. -- Pneumatic tube. See +Pneumatic dispatch, above. + +Pneu`ma*tic"i*ty (?), n. (Biol.) The state of being pneumatic, or of +having a cavity or cavities filled with air; as, the pneumaticity of +the bones of birds. + +Pneu*mat"ics (?), n. [Cf. F. pneumatique.] + +1. That branch of science which treats of the mechanical properties of +air and other elastic fluids, as of their weight, pressure, elasticity, +etc. See Mechanics. + +2. (Philos. & Theol.) The scientific study or knowledge of spiritual +beings and their relations to God, angels, and men. + +Pneu"ma*to- (n"m*t- or n*mt"-). A combining form from Gr. pney^ma, +pney`matos, wind, air, breath, respiration; as, pneumatograph, +pneumatology. [1913 Webster] + +Pneu*mat"o*cele (?), n. [Pneumato- + Gr. &?; a tumor; cf. F. +pneumatocËle.] (Med.) A distention of the scrotum by air; also, hernia +of the lungs. + +Pneu*mat"o*cyst (?), n. [Pneumato- + cyst.] (Zoˆl.) A cyst or sac of a +siphonophore, containing air, and serving as a float, as in Physalia. + +Pneu*mat"o*garm (?), n. [Pneumato- + -gram.] (Physiol.) A tracing of +the respiratory movements, obtained by a pneumatograph or stethograph. + +Pneu*mat"o*graph (?), n. [Pneumato- + -graph.] (Physiol.) An +instrument for recording the movements of the thorax or chest wall +during respiration; -- also called stethograph. + +Pneu`ma*to*log"ic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. pneumatologique.] Of or pertaining +to pneumatology. + +Pneu`ma*tol"o*gist (?), n. [Cf. F. pneumatologiste.] One versed in +pneumatology. + +Pneu`ma*tol"o*gy (?), n. [Pneumato- + -logy: cf. F. pneumatologie.] 1. +The doctrine of, or a treatise on, air and other elastic fluids. See +Pneumatics, 1. + +2. (Philos. & Theol.) The science of spiritual being or phenomena of +any description. + +Pneu`ma*tom"e*ter (?), n. [Pneumato- + -meter.] (Physiol.) An +instrument for measuring the amount of force exerted by the lungs in +respiration. + +Pneu`ma*tom"e*try (?), n. See Spirometry. + +Pneu*mat"o*phore (?), n. [Pneumato- + Gr. &?; to bear.] (Zoˆl.) One of +the Pneumonophora. + +Pneu`ma*to*tho"rax (?), n. [Pneumato- + thorax.] (Med.) See +Pneumothorax. + +Pneu"mo- (?). A combining form from Gr. pney`mwn, pney`monos, a lung; +as, pneumogastric, pneumology. + +Pneu`mo*coc"cus (?), n. [See Pneumo- , and Coccus.] (Biol.) A form of +micrococcus found in the sputum (and elsewhere) of persons suffering +with pneumonia, and thought to be the cause of this disease. + +Pneu`mo*gas"tric (?), a. [Pneumo- + gastric.] (Anat.) Of or pertaining +to the lungs and the stomach. -- n. The pneumogastric nerve. + +Pneumogastric nerve (Anat.), one of the tenth pair of cranial nerves +which are distributed to the pharynx, esophagus, larynx, lungs, heart, +stomach, liver, and spleen, and, in fishes and many amphibia, to the +branchial apparatus and also to the sides of the body. + +Pneu"mo*graph (?), n. Same as Pneumatograph. + +Pneu*mog"ra*phy (?), n. [Pneumo- + -graphy.] A description of the +lungs. Dunglison. + +Pneu*mol"o*gy (?), n. [Pneumo- + -logy.] (Anat.) The science which +treats of the lungs. + +Pneu*mom"e*ter (?), n. [Pneumo- + -meter.] (Physiol.) A spirometer. + +Pneu*mom"e*try (?), n. Measurement of the capacity of the lungs for +air. Dunglison. + +Pneu*mo"ni*a (n*m"n*), n. [NL., fr. Gr. pneymoni`a, fr. pney`mwn, pl. +pney`mones the lungs, also, pley`mwn, which is perh. the original form. +Cf. Pneumatio, Pulmonary.] (Med.) Inflammation of the lungs. + +Catarrhal pneumonia, or Broncho- pneumonia, is inflammation of the lung +tissue, associated with catarrh and with marked evidences of +inflammation of bronchial membranes, often chronic; -- also called +lobular pneumonia, from its affecting single lobules at a time. -- +Croupous pneumonia, or ordinary pneumonia, is an acute affection +characterized by sudden onset with a chill, high fever, rapid course, +and sudden decline; -- also called lobar pneumonia, from its affecting +a whole lobe of the lung at once. See under Croupous. -- Fibroid +pneumonia is an inflammation of the interstitial connective tissue +lying between the lobules of the lungs, and is very slow in its course, +producing shrinking and atrophy of the lungs. + +Pneu*mon"ic (?), a. [Gr. &?;: cf. F. pneumonique.] (a) Of or pertaining +to the lungs; pulmonic. (b) Of or pertaining to pneumonia; as, +pneumonic symptoms. + +Pneu*mon"ic, n. (Med.) A medicine for affections of the lungs. + +Pneu`mo*nit"ic (?), a. (Med.) Of or pertaining to pneumonitis. + +||Pneu`mo*ni"tis (?), n. [NL. See Pneumo-, and -itis.] (Med.) +||Inflammation of the lungs; pneumonia. + +<! p. 1104 !> + +Pneu`mo*nom"e*ter (?), n. [See Pneumo-, and -meter.] (Physiol.) A +spirometer; a pneumometer. + +||Pneu`mo*noph"o*ra (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a lung + &?; to +||bear.] (Zoˆl.) The division of Siphonophora which includes the +||Physalia and allied genera; -- called also PneumatophorÊ. + +Pneu"mo*ny (?), n. [Cf. F. pneumonie.] See Pneumonia. + +||Pneu`mo*ˆt"o*ka (?), n. pl. [NL. See Pneumo-, and Oˆticoid.] (Zoˆl.) +||Same as Sauropsida. + +||Pneu*moph"o*ra (?), n. pl. [NL. See Pneumonophora.] (Zoˆl.) (Zoˆl.) A +||division of holothurians having an internal gill, or respiratory +||tree. + +Pneu`mo*skel"e*ton (?), n. [Pneumo- + skeleton.] (Zoˆl.) A chitinous +structure which supports the gill in some invertebrates. + +Pneu`mo*ther"a*py (?), n. [Gr. &?; air + therapy.] (Med.) The treatment +of disease by inhalations of compressed or rarefied air. + +Pneu`mo*tho"rax (?), n. [Gr. &?; air + E. thorax.] (Med.) A condition +in which air or other gas is present in the cavity of the chest; -- +called also pneumatothorax. + +||Pni*ga"li*on (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; nightmare, fr. &?; to +||throttle.] (Med.) Nightmare. + +Pnyx (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;.] (Gr. Antiq.) The place at Athens where +the meetings of the people were held for making decrees, etc. + +Po"a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; grass.] (Bot.) A genus of grasses, +including a great number of species, as the kinds called meadow grass, +Kentucky blue grass, June grass, and spear grass (which see). + +Poach (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Poached (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Poaching.] +[F. pocher to place in a pocket, to poach eggs (the yolk of the egg +being as it were pouched in the white), from poche pocket, pouch. See +Pouch, v. & n.] 1. To cook, as eggs, by breaking them into boiling +water; also, to cook with butter after breaking in a vessel. Bacon. + +2. To rob of game; to pocket and convey away by stealth, as game; +hence, to plunder. Garth. + +Poach, v. i. To steal or pocket game, or to carry it away privately, as +in a bag; to kill or destroy game contrary to law, especially by night; +to hunt or fish unlawfully; as, to poach for rabbits or for salmon. + +Poach, v. t. [Cf. OF. pocher to thrust or dig out with the fingers, to +bruise (the eyes), F. pouce thumb, L. pollex, and also E. poach to cook +eggs, to plunder, and poke to thrust against.] 1. To stab; to pierce; +to spear, \as fish. [Obs.] Carew. + +2. To force, drive, or plunge into anything. [Obs.] + + His horse poching one of his legs into some hollow ground. + + +Sir W. Temple. + +3. To make soft or muddy by trampling Tennyson. + +4. To begin and not complete. [Obs.] Bacon. + +Poach, v. i. To become soft or muddy. + + Chalky and clay lands . . . chap in summer, and poach in winter. + + +Mortimer. + +Poach"ard (?), n. [From Poach to stab.] [Written also pocard, pochard.] +(Zoˆl.) (a) A common European duck (Aythya ferina); -- called also +goldhead, poker, and fresh-water, or red-headed, widgeon. (b) The +American redhead, which is closely allied to the European poachard. + +Red-crested poachard (Zoˆl.), an Old World duck (Branta rufina). -- +Scaup poachard, the scaup duck. -- Tufted poachard, a scaup duck +(Aythya, or Fuligula cristata), native of Europe and Asia. + +Poach"er (?), n. 1. One who poaches; one who kills or catches game or +fish contrary to law. + +2. (Zoˆl.) The American widgeon. [Local, U.S.] + +Sea poacher (Zoˆl.), the lyrie. + +Poach"i*ness (?), n. The state of being poachy; marshiness. + +Poach"y (?), a. [See Poach to stab.] Wet and soft; easily penetrated by +the feet of cattle; -- said of land + +{ Poak, Poake } (?), n. Waste matter from the preparation of skins, +consisting of hair, lime, oil, etc. + +Po"can (?), n. (Bot.) The poke (Phytolacca decandra); -- called also +pocan bush. + +Po"chard (?), n. (Zoˆl.) See Poachard. + +Pock (?), n. [OE. pokke, AS. pocc, poc; akin to D. pok, G. pocke, and +perh. to E. poke a pocket. Cf. Pox.] (Med.) A pustule raised on the +surface of the body in variolous and vaccine diseases. + + Of pokkes and of scab every sore. + + +Chaucer. + +Pock"arred (?), a. See Pockmarked. [Obs.] + +Pock"-bro`ken (?), a. Broken out, or marked, with smallpox; +pock-fretten. + +Pock"et (?), n. [OE. poket, Prov. F. & OF. poquette, F. pochette, dim. +fr. poque, pouque, F. poche; probably of Teutonic origin. See Poke a +pocket, and cf. Poach to cook eggs, to plunder, and Pouch.] 1. A bag or +pouch; especially; a small bag inserted in a garment for carrying small +articles, particularly money; hence, figuratively, money; wealth. + +2. One of several bags attached to a billiard table, into which the +balls are driven. + +3. A large bag or sack used in packing various articles, as ginger, +hops, cowries, etc. + +In the wool or hop trade, the pocket contains half a sack, or about 168 +Ibs.; but it is a variable quantity, the articles being sold by actual +weight. + +4. (Arch.) A hole or space covered by a movable piece of board, as in a +floor, boxing, partitions, or the like. + +5. (Mining.) (a) A cavity in a rock containing a nugget of gold, or +other mineral; a small body of ore contained in such a cavity. (b) A +hole containing water. + +6. (Nat.) A strip of canvas, sewn upon a sail so that a batten or a +light spar can placed in the interspace. + +7. (Zoˆl.) Same as Pouch. + +Pocket is often used adjectively, or in the formation of compound words +usually of obvious signification; as, pocket comb, pocket compass, +pocket edition, pocket handkerchief, pocket money, pocket picking, or +pocket-picking, etc. + +Out of pocket. See under Out, prep. -- Pocket borough, a borough +"owned" by some person. See under Borough. [Eng.] -- Pocket gopher +(Zoˆl.), any one of several species of American rodents of the genera +Geomys, and Thomomys, family GeomydÊ. They have large external cheek +pouches, and are fossorial in their habits. they inhabit North America, +from the Mississippi Valley west to the Pacific. Called also pouched +gopher. -- Pocket mouse (Zoˆl.), any species of American mice of the +family SaccomyidÊ. They have external cheek pouches. Some of them are +adapted for leaping (genus Dipadomys), and are called kangaroo mice. +They are native of the Southwestern United States, Mexico, etc. -- +Pocket piece, a piece of money kept in the pocket and not spent. -- +Pocket pistol, a pistol to be carried in the pocket. -- Pocket sheriff +(Eng. Law), a sheriff appointed by the sole authority of the crown, +without a nomination by the judges in the exchequer. Burrill. + +Pock"et (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pocketed; p. pr. & vb. n. Pocketing.] +1. To put, or conceal, in the pocket; as, to pocket the change. + + He would pocket the expense of the license. + + +Sterne. + +2. To take clandestinely or fraudulently. + + He pocketed pay in the names of men who had long been dead. + + +Macaulay. + +To pocket a ball (Billiards), to drive a ball into a pocket of the +table. -- To pocket an insult, affront, etc., to receive an affront +without open resentment, or without seeking redress. "I must pocket up +these wrongs." Shak. + +Pock"et*book` (?), n. A small book or case for carrying papers, money, +etc., in the pocket; also, a notebook for the pocket. + +Pock"et*ful (?), n.; pl. Pocketfuls (&?;). As much as a pocket will +hold; enough to fill a pocket; as, pocketfuls of chestnuts. + +Pock"et*knife` (?), n.; pl. -knives (&?;). A knife with one or more +blades, which fold into the handle so as to admit of being carried in +the pocket. + +Pock"-fret`ten (?), a. See Pockmarked. + +Pock"i*ness (?), n. The state of being pocky. + +Pock"mark (?), n. A mark or pit made by smallpox. + +Pock"marked` (?), a. Marked by smallpox; pitted. + +Pock"-pit`ted (?), a. Pockmarked; pitted. + +Pock"-pud`ding (?), n. A bag pudding; a name of reproach or ridicule +formerly applied by the Scotch to the English. + +Pock"wood` (?), n. [So called because formerly used as a specific for +the pock.] (Bot.) Lignum- vitÊ. + +Pock"y (?), a. [Compar. Pockier (?); superl. Pockiest.] Full of pocks; +affected with smallpox or other eruptive disease. Bp. Hall. + +||Po"co (?), adv. [It.] (Mus.) A little; -- used chiefly in phrases +||indicating the time or movement; as, poco pi˘ allegro, a little +||faster; poco largo, rather slow. + +||Poco a poco [It.] (Mus.) Little by little; as, poco a poco crescendo, +||gradually increasing in loudness. + +Po"cock (?), n. Peacock. [Obs.] Chaucer. + +Po`co*cu*ran"te (?), n. [It. poco curante caring little.] A careless +person; a trifler. [R.] + +Po`co*cu*ran"tism (?). n. Carelessness; apathy; indifference. [R.] +Carlyle. + +Po*co"son (?), n. Low, wooded grounds or swamps in Eastern Maryland and +Virginia. [Written also poquoson.] Washington. + +Poc"u*lent (?), a. [L. poculentus, fr. poculum a cup.] Fit for drink. +[Obs.] "Some those herbs which are not esculent, are . . . poculent." +Bacon. + +Poc"u*li*form (?), a. [L. poculum a cup + -form: cf. F. poculiforme.] +Having the shape of a goblet or drinking cup. + +-pod (?). [See Foot.] A combining form or suffix from Gr. poy`s, +podo`s, foot; as, decapod, an animal having ten feet; phyllopod, an +animal having leaflike feet; myriapod, hexapod. + +Pod (?), n. [Probably akin to pudding, and perhaps the same word as pad +a cushion; cf. also Dan. pude pillow, cushion, and also E. cod a husk, +pod.] 1. A bag; a pouch. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Tusser. + +2. (Bot.) A capsule of plant, especially a legume; a dry dehiscent +fruit. See Illust. of Angiospermous. + +3. (Zoˆl.) A considerable number of animals closely clustered together; +-- said of seals. + +Pod auger, or pod bit, an auger or bit the channel of which is straight +instead of twisted. + +Pod, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Podded; p. pr. & vb. n. Podding.] To swell; to +fill; also, to produce pods. + +-po*da (?). A New Latin plural combining form or suffix from Gr. &?;, +&?;, foot; as, hexapoda, myriapoda. See -pod. + +Pod"a*gra (?), n. [L. See Podagric.] (Med.) Gout in the joints of the +foot; - - applied also to gout in other parts of body. + +{ Po*dag"ric (?), Po*dag"ric*al (?), } a. [L. podagricus, Gr. &?;, fr. +&?; gout in the feet; &?;, &?;, Foot + &?; a catching.] + +1. Pertaining to the gout; gouty; caused by gout. + +2. Afflicted with gout. Sir T. Browne. + +Pod"a*grous (?), a. Gouty; podagric. + +Po*dal"gi*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, &?;, foot + &?; pain.] (Med.) +pain in the foot, due to gout, rheumatism, etc. + +||Po*dar"thrum (?), n.; pl. Podarthra (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, &?;, foot +||+ &?; joint.] (Anat.) The foot joint; in birds, the joint between the +||metatarsus and the toes. + +Pod"ded (?), a. Having pods. + +Pod"der (?), n. One who collects pods or pulse. + +Po*des"ta (?), n. [It. podest‡, fr. L. potestas power, magistracy. See +Potent.] + +1. One of the chief magistrates of the Italian republics in the Middle +Ages. Brande & C. + +2. A mayor, alderman, or other magistrate, in some towns of Italy. + +||Po*de"ti*um (?), n.; pl. Podetia (#), E. Podetiums (#). [NL., fr. Gr. +||&?;, &?;, foot.] (Bot.) A stalk which bears the fructification in +||some lichens, as in the so-called reindeer moss. + +Podge (?), n. [Cf. G. patsche puddle, mire.] 1. A puddle; a plash. +Skinner. + +2. Porridge. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell. + +Podg"y (?), a. Fat and short; pudgy. + +Pod"i*cal (?), a. [L. podex, podicis, the anus.] (Zoˆl.) Anal; -- +applied to certain organs of insects. + +||Pod"i*ceps (?), n. [NL., fr. L. podex, podicis, anus + pes foot.] +||(Zoˆl.) See Grebe. + +||Po"di*um (?), n.; pl. Podia (#). [L., fr. Gr. &?;, dim. of &?;, &?;, +||foot. See Pew.] 1. (Arch.) A low wall, serving as a foundation, a +||substructure, or a terrace wall. It is especially employed by +||archÊologists in two senses: (a) The dwarf wall surrounding the arena +||of an amphitheater, from the top of which the seats began. (b) The +||masonry under the stylobate of a temple, sometimes a mere foundation, +||sometimes containing chambers. See Illust. of Column. + +2. (Zoˆl.) The foot. + +Pod"ley (?), n. (Zoˆl.) A young coalfish. + +Pod"o- (?). [See Foot.] A combining form or prefix from Gr. poy`s, +podo`s, foot; as, podocarp, podocephalous, podology. + +Pod"o*branch (?), n. [See Podo-, and Branchia.] (Zoˆl.) One of the +branchiÊ attached to the bases of the legs in Crustacea. + +||Pod`o*bran"chi*a (?), n., pl. PodobranchiÊ (-). [NL.] (Zoˆl.) Same as +||Podobranch. + +Pod"o*carp (?), n. [Podo- + Gr. karpo`s fruit.] (Bot.) A stem, or +footstalk, supporting the fruit. + +Pod`o*ceph"a*lous (?), a. [Podo- + Gr. &?; head.] (Bot.) Having a head +of flowers on a long peduncle, or footstalk. + +||Pod`o*gyn"i*um (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. poy`s, podo`s, foot + gynh` +||woman.] (Bot.) Same as Basigynium + +||Pod`oph*thal"mi*a (?), n. pl. [NL. See Podophthalmic.] (Zoˆl.) The +||stalk-eyed Crustacea, -- an order of Crustacea having the eyes +||supported on movable stalks. It includes the crabs, lobsters, and +||prawns. Called also Podophthalmata, and Decapoda. + +{ Pod`oph*thal"mic (?), Pod`oph*thal"mous (?), } a. [Podo- + Gr. &?; an +eye.] (Zoˆl.) (a) Having the eyes on movable footstalks, or pedicels. +(b) Of or pertaining to the Podophthalmia. + +Pod`oph*thal"mite (?), n. (Zoˆl.) The eyestalk of a crustacean. + +Pod`o*phyl"lin (?), n. [From Podophyllum.] (Chem.) A brown bitter gum +extracted from the rootstalk of the May apple (Podophyllum peltatum). +It is a complex mixture of several substances. + +Pod`o*phyl"lous (?), a. 1. (Zoˆl.) Having thin, flat, leaflike +locomotive organs. + +2. (Anat.) Pertaining to, or composing, the layer of tissue, made up of +laminÊ, beneath a horse's hoof. + +||Pod`o*phyl"lum (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. poy`s, podo`s, foot + &?; leaf.] +||1. (Bot.) A genus of herbs of the Barberry family, having large +||palmately lobed peltate leaves and solitary flower. There are two +||species, the American Podohyllum peltatum, or May apple, the +||Himalayan P. Emodi. + +2. (Med.) The rhizome and rootlet of the May apple (Podophyllum +peltatum), -- used as a cathartic drug. + +Pod"o*scaph (?), n. [Podo- + Gr. &?; boat.] A canoe-shaped float +attached to the foot, for walking on water. + +Pod"o*sperm (?), n. [Podo- + Gr. &?; seed: cf. F. podosperme.] (Bot.) +The stalk of a seed or ovule. + +||Pod`o*stom"a*ta (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. poy`s, podo`s, foot + &?;, +||&?;, mouth.] (Zoˆl.) An order of Bryozoa of which Rhabdopleura is the +||type. See Rhabdopleura. + +||Pod`o*the"ca (?), n.; pl. PodothecÊ (#). [NL., fr. Gr. poy`s, podo`s, +||foot + &?; case.] (Zoˆl.) The scaly covering of the foot of a bird or +||reptile. + +||Po*dri"da (?), n. [Sp., rotten.] A miscellaneous dish of meats. See +||Olla-podrida. + +Po*du"ra (?), n.; pl. L. PodurÊ (#), E. Poduras (#). [NL.; Gr. poy`s, +podo`s, foot + &?; tail.] Any small leaping thysanurous insect of the +genus Podura and related genera; a springtail. + +Podura scale (Zoˆl.), one of the minute scales with which the body of a +podura is covered. They are used as test objects for the microscope. + +<! p. 1105 !> + +Po*du"rid (?), n. (Zoˆl.) Any species of Podura or allied genera. -- a. +Pertaining to the poduras. + +Po"e (?), n. Same as Poi. + +Po"e*bird` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) The parson bird. + +Pú"ci*le (?), n. Same as Poicile. + +Pú`ci*lit"ic (?), a. [Gr. poiki`los many-colored, variegated.] (Geol.) +(a) Mottled with various colors; variegated; spotted; -- said of +certain rocks. (b) Specifically: Of or pertaining to, or +characterizing, Triassic and Permian sandstones of red and other +colors. [Also written poikilitic.] + +Pú*cil"o*pod (?), n. [Cf. F. púcilopode.] (Zoˆl.) One of the +Púcilopoda. Also used adjectively. + +||Pú`ci*lop"o*da (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; variegated, manifold + +||-poda.] (Zoˆl.) (a) Originally, an artificial group including many +||parasitic Entomostraca, together with the horseshoe crabs +||(Limuloidea). (b) By some recent writers applied to the Merostomata. + +Po"em (?), n. [L. poÎma, Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to make, to compose, to +write, especially in verse: cf. F. poÎme.] 1. A metrical composition; a +composition in verse written in certain measures, whether in blank +verse or in rhyme, and characterized by imagination and poetic diction; +-- contradistinguished from prose; as, the poems of Homer or of Milton. + +2. A composition, not in verse, of which the language is highly +imaginative or impassioned; as, a prose poem; the poems of Ossian. + +Po`em*at"ic (?), a. [Gr. &?;.] Pertaining to a poem, or to poetry; +poetical. [R.] Coleridge. + +Po*e"na*mu (?), n. (Min.) A variety of jade or nephrite, -- used in New +Zealand for the manufacture of axes and weapons. + +Pú*nol"o*gy (p*nl"*j), n. See Penology. + +||Po*eph"a*ga (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. pohfa`gos grass eating; po`a +||grass + fagei^n to eat.] (Zoˆl.) A group of herbivorous marsupials +||including the kangaroos and their allies. -- Po*eph"a*gous (#), a. + +Po"e*sy (?), n. [F. poÈsie (cf. It. poesia), L. poesis, from Gr. &?;. +from &?; to make. Cf. Posy.] + +1. The art of composing poems; poetical skill or faculty; as, the +heavenly gift of poesy. Shak. + +2. Poetry; metrical composition; poems. + + Music and poesy used to quicken you. + + +Shak. + +3. A short conceit or motto engraved on a ring or other thing; a posy. +Bacon. + +Po"et (?), n. [F. poÎte, L. poÎta, fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to make. Cf. +Poem.] One skilled in making poetry; one who has a particular genius +for metrical composition; the author of a poem; an imaginative thinker +or writer. + + The poet's eye, in a fine frenzy rolling, Doth glance from heaven + to earth, from earth to heaven. + + +Shak. + + A poet is a maker, as the word signifies. + + +Dryden. + +Poet laureate. See under Laureate. + +Po"et*as`ter (?), n. An inferior rhymer, or writer of verses; a dabbler +in poetic art. + + The talk of forgotten poetasters. + + +Macaulay. + +Po"et*as`try (?), n. The works of a poetaster. [R.] + +Po"et*ess, n. [Cf. F. poÈtesse.] A female poet. + +{ Po*et"ic (?), Po*et"ic*al (?), } a. [L. poÎticus, Gr. &?;: cf. F. +poÈtiquee.] 1. Of or pertaining to poetry; suitable for poetry, or for +writing poetry; as, poetic talent, theme, work, sentiments. Shak. + +2. Expressed in metrical form; exhibiting the imaginative or the +rhythmical quality of poetry; as, a poetical composition; poetical +prose. + +Poetic license. See License, n., 4. + +Po*et"ic*al*ly, adv. In a poetic manner. + +Po*et"ics (?), n. [Cf. F. poÈtique, L. poÎtica, poÎtice, Gr. &?; (sc. +&?;.] The principles and rules of the art of poetry. J. Warton. + +Po*et"i*cule (?), n. A poetaster. Swinburne. + +Po"et*ize (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Poetized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Poetizing.] [Cf. F. poÈtiser.] To write as a poet; to compose verse; to +idealize. + + I versify the truth, not poetize. + + +Donne. + +Po"et*ry (?), n. [OF. poeterie. See Poet.] 1. The art of apprehending +and interpreting ideas by the faculty of imagination; the art of +idealizing in thought and in expression. + + For poetry is the blossom and the fragrance of all human knowledge, + human thoughts, human passions, emotions, language. + + +Coleridge. + +2. Imaginative language or composition, whether expressed rhythmically +or in prose. Specifically: Metrical composition; verse; rhyme; poems +collectively; as, heroic poetry; dramatic poetry; lyric or Pindaric +poetry. "The planetlike music of poetry." Sir P. Sidney. + + She taketh most delight In music, instruments, and poetry. + + +Shak. + +Po"et*ship, n. The state or personality of a poet. [R.] + +Pog"gy (?), n. (Zoˆl.) (a) See Porgy. (b) A small whale. + +Po"gy (?), n. (Zoˆl.) The menhaden. + +Pogy is often confounded with porgy, and therefore incorrectly applied +to various fishes. + +Poh (?), interj. An exclamation expressing contempt or disgust; bah ! + +Po*ha"gen, n. (Zoˆl.) See Pauhaugen. + +Po"i (?), n. A national food of the Hawaiians, made by baking and +pounding the kalo (or taro) root, and reducing it to a thin paste, +which is allowed to ferment. + +{ Poi"ci*le (?), or Pú"ci*le (?) }, n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; (sc. &?;); cf. +L. poecile.] The frescoed porch or gallery in Athens where Zeno taught. +R. Browning. + +Poign"an*cy (?), n. The quality or state of being poignant; as, the +poignancy of satire; the poignancy of grief. Swift. + +Poign"ant (?), a. [F., p. pr. of poindre to sting, fr. L. pungere to +prick, sting. See Pungent.] 1. Pricking; piercing; sharp; pungent. "His +poignant spear." Spenser. "Poynaunt sauce." Chaucer. + +2. Fig.: Pointed; keen; satirical. + + His wit . . . became more lively and poignant. + + +Sir W. Scott. + +Poign"ant*ly, adv. In a poignant manner. + +Poi`ki*lit"ic (?), a. (Geol.) See Púcilitic. + +Poi"ki*lo*cyte (poi"k*l*st), n. [Gr. poiki`los diversified, changeable ++ ky`tos hollow vessel.] (Physiol.) An irregular form of corpuscle +found in the blood in cases of profound anÊmia, probably a degenerated +red blood corpuscle. + +{ Poi`ki*lo*ther"mal (-thr"mal), Poi`ki*lo*ther"mic (-thr"mk), } a. +[Gr. poiki`los changeable + E. thermal, thermic.] (Physiol.) Having a +varying body temperature. See Homoiothermal. + +Poi`ki*lo*ther"mous (-ms), a. (Physiol.) Poikilothermal. + +||Poin`ci*a"na (?), n. [NL. Named after M. de Poinci, a governor of the +||French West Indies.] (Bot.) A prickly tropical shrub (CÊsalpinia, +||formerly Poinciana, pulcherrima), with bipinnate leaves, and racemes +||of showy orange-red flowers with long crimson filaments. + +The genus Poinciana is kept up for three trees of Eastern Africa, the +Mascarene Islands, and India. + +Poind (poind), v. t. [See Pound to confine.] 1. To impound, as cattle. +[Obs. or Scot.] Flavel. + +2. To distrain. [Scot.] Sir W. Scott. + +Poind"er (-r), n. 1. The keeper of a cattle pound; a pinder. [Obs. or +Scot.] T. Adams. + +2. One who distrains property. [Scot.] Jamieson. + +||Poin*set"ti*a (poin*st"t*), n. [NL. Named after Joel R. Poinsett of +||South Carolina.] (Bot.) A Mexican shrub (Euphorbia pulcherrima) with +||very large and conspicuous vermilion bracts below the yellowish +||flowers. + +Point (point), v. t. & i. To appoint. [Obs.] Spenser. + +Point, n. [F. point, and probably also pointe, L. punctum, puncta, fr. +pungere, punctum, to prick. See Pungent, and cf. Puncto, Puncture.] 1. +That which pricks or pierces; the sharp end of anything, esp. the sharp +end of a piercing instrument, as a needle or a pin. + +2. An instrument which pricks or pierces, as a sort of needle used by +engravers, etchers, lace workers, and others; also, a pointed cutting +tool, as a stone cutter's point; -- called also pointer. + +3. Anything which tapers to a sharp, well- defined termination. +Specifically: A small promontory or cape; a tract of land extending +into the water beyond the common shore line. + +4. The mark made by the end of a sharp, piercing instrument, as a +needle; a prick. + +5. An indefinitely small space; a mere spot indicated or supposed. +Specifically: (Geom.) That which has neither parts nor magnitude; that +which has position, but has neither length, breadth, nor thickness, -- +sometimes conceived of as the limit of a line; that by the motion of +which a line is conceived to be produced. + +6. An indivisible portion of time; a moment; an instant; hence, the +verge. + + When time's first point begun Made he all souls. + + +Sir J. Davies. + +7. A mark of punctuation; a character used to mark the divisions of a +composition, or the pauses to be observed in reading, or to point off +groups of figures, etc.; a stop, as a comma, a semicolon, and esp. a +period; hence, figuratively, an end, or conclusion. + + And there a point, for ended is my tale. + + +Chaucer. + + Commas and points they set exactly right. + + +Pope. + +8. Whatever serves to mark progress, rank, or relative position, or to +indicate a transition from one state or position to another, degree; +step; stage; hence, position or condition attained; as, a point of +elevation, or of depression; the stock fell off five points; he won by +tenpoints. "A point of precedence." Selden. "Creeping on from point to +point." Tennyson. + + A lord full fat and in good point. + + +Chaucer. + +9. That which arrests attention, or indicates qualities or character; a +salient feature; a characteristic; a peculiarity; hence, a particular; +an item; a detail; as, the good or bad points of a man, a horse, a +book, a story, etc. + + He told him, point for point, in short and plain. + + +Chaucer. + + In point of religion and in point of honor. + + +Bacon. + + Shalt thou dispute With Him the points of liberty ? + + +Milton. + +10. Hence, the most prominent or important feature, as of an argument, +discourse, etc.; the essential matter; esp., the proposition to be +established; as, the point of an anecdote. "Here lies the point." Shak. + + They will hardly prove his point. + + +Arbuthnot. + +11. A small matter; a trifle; a least consideration; a punctilio. + + This fellow doth not stand upon points. + + +Shak. + + [He] cared not for God or man a point. + + +Spenser. + +12. (Mus.) A dot or mark used to designate certain tones or time; as: +(a) (Anc. Mus.) A dot or mark distinguishing or characterizing certain +tones or styles; as, points of perfection, of augmentation, etc.; +hence, a note; a tune. "Sound the trumpet - - not a levant, or a +flourish, but a point of war." Sir W. Scott. (b) (Mod. Mus.) A dot +placed at the right hand of a note, to raise its value, or prolong its +time, by one half, as to make a whole note equal to three half notes, a +half note equal to three quarter notes. + +13. (Astron.) A fixed conventional place for reference, or zero of +reckoning, in the heavens, usually the intersection of two or more +great circles of the sphere, and named specifically in each case +according to the position intended; as, the equinoctial points; the +solstitial points; the nodal points; vertical points, etc. See +Equinoctial Nodal. + +14. (Her.) One of the several different parts of the escutcheon. See +Escutcheon. + +15. (Naut.) (a) One of the points of the compass (see Points of the +compass, below); also, the difference between two points of the +compass; as, to fall off a point. (b) A short piece of cordage used in +reefing sails. See Reef point, under Reef. + +16. (Anc. Costume) A a string or lace used to tie together certain +parts of the dress. Sir W. Scott. + +17. Lace wrought the needle; as, point de Venise; Brussels point. See +Point lace, below. + +18. pl. (Railways) A switch. [Eng.] + +19. An item of private information; a hint; a tip; a pointer. [Cant, U. +S.] + +20. (Cricket) A fielder who is stationed on the off side, about twelve +or fifteen yards from, and a little in advance of, the batsman. + +21. The attitude assumed by a pointer dog when he finds game; as, the +dog came to a point. See Pointer. + +22. (Type Making) A standard unit of measure for the size of type +bodies, being one twelfth of the thickness of pica type. See Point +system of type, under Type. + +23. A tyne or snag of an antler. + +24. One of the spaces on a backgammon board. + +25. (Fencing) A movement executed with the saber or foil; as, tierce +point. + +The word point is a general term, much used in the sciences, +particularly in mathematics, mechanics, perspective, and physics, but +generally either in the geometrical sense, or in that of degree, or +condition of change, and with some accompanying descriptive or +qualifying term, under which, in the vocabulary, the specific uses are +explained; as, boiling point, carbon point, dry point, freezing point, +melting point, vanishing point, etc. + +At all points, in every particular, completely; perfectly. Shak. -- At +point, In point, At, In, or On, the point, as near as can be; on the +verge; about (see About, prep., 6); as, at the point of death; he was +on the point of speaking. "In point to fall down." Chaucer. "Caius +Sidius Geta, at point to have been taken, recovered himself so +valiantly as brought day on his side." Milton. -- Dead point. (Mach.) +Same as Dead center, under Dead. -- Far point (Med.), in ophthalmology, +the farthest point at which objects are seen distinctly. In normal eyes +the nearest point at which objects are seen distinctly; either with the +two eyes together (binocular near point), or with each eye separately +(monocular near point). -- Nine points of the law, all but the tenth +point; the greater weight of authority. -- On the point. See At point, +above. -- Point lace, lace wrought with the needle, as distinguished +from that made on the pillow. -- Point net, a machine-made lace +imitating a kind of Brussels lace (Brussels ground). -- Point of +concurrence (Geom.), a point common to two lines, but not a point of +tangency or of intersection, as, for instance, that in which a cycloid +meets its base. -- Point of contrary flexure, a point at which a curve +changes its direction of curvature, or at which its convexity and +concavity change sides. -- Point of order, in parliamentary practice, a +question of order or propriety under the rules. -- Point of sight +(Persp.), in a perspective drawing, the point assumed as that occupied +by the eye of the spectator. -- Point of view, the relative position +from which anything is seen or any subject is considered. -- Points of +the compass (Naut.), the thirty-two points of division of the compass +card in the mariner's compass; the corresponding points by which the +circle of the horizon is supposed to be divided, of which the four +marking the directions of east, west, north, and south, are called +cardinal points, and the rest are named from their respective +directions, as N. by E., N. N. E., N. E. by N., N. E., etc. See Illust. +under Compass. -- Point paper, paper pricked through so as to form a +stencil for transferring a design. -- Point system of type. See under +Type. -- Singular point (Geom.), a point of a curve which possesses +some property not possessed by points in general on the curve, as a +cusp, a point of inflection, a node, etc. -- To carry one's point, to +accomplish one's object, as in a controversy. -- To make a point of, to +attach special importance to. -- To make, or gain, a point, accomplish +that which was proposed; also, to make advance by a step, grade, or +position. -- To mark, or score, a point, as in billiards, cricket, +etc., to note down, or to make, a successful hit, run, etc. -- To +strain a point, to go beyond the proper limit or rule; to stretch one's +authority or conscience. -- Vowel point, in Hebrew, and certain other +Eastern and ancient languages, a mark placed above or below the +consonant, or attached to it, representing the vowel, or vocal sound, +which precedes or follows the consonant. + +Point (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pointed; p. pr. & vb. n. Pointing.] [Cf. +F. pointer. See Point, n.] 1. To give a point to; to sharpen; to cut, +forge, grind, or file to an acute end; as, to point a dart, or a +pencil. Used also figuratively; as, to point a moral. + +2. To direct toward an abject; to aim; as, to point a gun at a wolf, or +a cannon at a fort. + +3. Hence, to direct the attention or notice of. + + Whosoever should be guided through his battles by Minerva, and + pointed to every scene of them. + + +Pope. + +4. To supply with punctuation marks; to punctuate; as, to point a +composition. + +5. To mark (as Hebrew) with vowel points. + +6. To give particular prominence to; to designate in a special manner; +to indicate, as if by pointing; as, the error was pointed out. Pope. + + He points it, however, by no deviation from his straightforward + manner of speech. + + +Dickens. + +7. To indicate or discover by a fixed look, as game. + +8. (Masonry) To fill up and finish the joints of (a wall), by +introducing additional cement or mortar, and bringing it to a smooth +surface. + +9. (Stone Cutting) To cut, as a surface, with a pointed tool. + +To point a rope (Naut.), to taper and neatly finish off the end by +interweaving the nettles. -- To point a sail (Naut.), to affix points +through the eyelet holes of the reefs. -- To point off, to divide into +periods or groups, or to separate, by pointing, as figures. -- To point +the yards (of a vessel) (Naut.), to brace them so that the wind shall +strike the sails obliquely. Totten. + +<! p. 1106 !> + +Point (point), v. i. 1. To direct the point of something, as of a +finger, for the purpose of designating an object, and attracting +attention to it; -- with at. + + Now must the world point at poor Katharine. + + +Shak. + + Point at the tattered coat and ragged shoe. + + +Dryden. + +2. To indicate the presence of game by fixed and steady look, as +certain hunting dogs do. + + He treads with caution, and he points with fear. + + +Gay. + +3. (Med.) To approximate to the surface; to head; -- said of an +abscess. + +To point at, to treat with scorn or contempt by pointing or directing +attention to. -- To point well (Naut.), to sail close to the wind; -- +said of a vessel. + +Point"al (?), n. [From Point: cf. F. pointal an upright wooden prop, +OF. pointille a prick or prickle.] + +1. (Bot.) The pistil of a plant. + +2. A kind of pencil or style used with the tablets of the Middle Ages. +"A pair of tablets [i. e., tablets] . . . and a pointel." Chaucer. + +3. (Arch.) See Poyntel. [Obs. or R.] + +Point`-blank" (?), n. [F. point point + blanc white.] 1. The white spot +on a target, at which an arrow or other missile is aimed. [Obs.] +Jonson. + +2. (Mil.) (a) With all small arms, the second point in which the +natural line of sight, when horizontal, cuts the trajectory. (b) With +artillery, the point where the projectile first strikes the horizontal +plane on which the gun stands, the axis of the piece being horizontal. + +Point`-blank", a. 1. Directed in a line toward the object aimed at; +aimed directly toward the mark. + +2. Hence, direct; plain; unqualified; -- said of language; as, a +point-blank assertion. + +Point-blank range, the extent of the apparent right line of a ball +discharged. -- Point-blank shot, the shot of a gun pointed directly +toward the object to be hit. + +Point`-blank", adv. In a point- blank manner. + + To sin point-blank against God's word. + + +Fuller. + +Point` d'ap`pui" (?). [F.] (Mil.) See under Appui. + +{ Point`-de*vice", Point`-de*vise" } (?), a. [OE. at point devis; at at ++ point point, condition + devis exact, careful, OF. devis fixed, set. +See Device.] Uncommonly nice and exact; precise; particular. + + You are rather point-devise in your accouterments. + + +Shak. + + Thus he grew up, in logic point-devise, Perfect in grammar, and in + rhetoric nice. + + +Longfellow. + +{ Point`-de*vice", Point`-de*vise", } adv. Exactly. [Obs.] Shak. + +Point"ed (?), a. 1. Sharp; having a sharp point; as, a pointed rock. + +2. Characterized by sharpness, directness, or pithiness of expression; +terse; epigrammatic; especially, directed to a particular person or +thing. + + His moral pleases, not his pointed wit. + + +Pope. + +Pointed arch (Arch.), an arch with a pointed crown. -- Pointed style +(Arch.), a name given to that style of architecture in which the +pointed arch is the predominant feature; -- more commonly called +Gothic. + +-- Point"ed*ly, adv. -- Point"ed*ness, n. + +Point"el (?), n. [From Point. Cf. Pointal.] See Pointal. + +Point"er (?), n. One who, or that which, points. Specifically: (a) The +hand of a timepiece. (b) (Zoˆl.) One of a breed of dogs trained to stop +at scent of game, and with the nose point it out to sportsmen. (c) pl. +(Astron.) The two stars (Merak and Dubhe) in the Great Bear, the line +between which points nearly in the direction of the north star. See +Illust. of Ursa Major. (b) pl. (Naut.) Diagonal braces sometimes fixed +across the hold. + +Point"ing, n. 1. The act of sharpening. + +2. The act of designating, as a position or direction, by means of +something pointed, as a finger or a rod. + +3. The act or art of punctuating; punctuation. + +4. The act of filling and finishing the joints in masonry with mortar, +cement, etc.; also, the material so used. + +5. The rubbing off of the point of the wheat grain in the first process +of high milling. + +6. (Sculpt.) The act or process of measuring, at the various distances +from the surface of a block of marble, the surface of a future piece of +statuary; also, a process used in cutting the statue from the artist's +model. + +Point`ing*stock` (?), n. An object of ridicule or scorn; a +laughingstock. Shak. + +Point"less, a. Having no point; blunt; wanting keenness; obtuse; as, a +pointless sword; a pointless remark. + +Syn. -- Blunt; obtuse, dull; stupid. + +Point"less*ly, adv. Without point. + +Point"let*ed (?), a. (Bot.) Having a small, distinct point; apiculate. +Henslow. + +Poin"trel (?), n. A graving tool. Knight. + +Points"man (?), n.; pl. - men (-men). A man who has charge of railroad +points or switches. [Eng.] + +Poise (?), n. [OE. pois, peis, OF. pois, peis, F. poids, fr. L. pensum +a portion weighed out, pendere to weigh, weigh out. Cf. Avoirdupois, +Pendant, Poise, v.] [Formerly written also peise.] 1. Weight; gravity; +that which causes a body to descend; heaviness. "Weights of an +extraordinary poise." Evelyn. + +2. The weight, or mass of metal, used in weighing, to balance the +substance weighed. + +3. The state of being balanced by equal weight or power; equipoise; +balance; equilibrium; rest. Bentley. + +4. That which causes a balance; a counterweight. + + Men of unbounded imagination often want the poise of judgment. + + +Dryden. + +Poise (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Poised, (&?;); p. pr. & vb. n. Poising.] +[OE. poisen, peisen, OF. & F. peser, to weigh, balance, OF. il peise, +il poise, he weighs, F. il pËse, fr. L. pensare, v. intens. fr. pendere +to weigh. See Poise, n., and cf. Pensive.] [Formerly written also +peise.] 1. To balance; to make of equal weight; as, to poise the scales +of a balance. + +2. To hold or place in equilibrium or equiponderance. + + Nor yet was earth suspended in the sky; Nor poised, did on her own + foundation lie. + + +Dryden. + +3. To counterpoise; to counterbalance. + + One scale of reason to poise another of sensuality. + + +Shak. + + To poise with solid sense a sprightly wit. + + +Dryden. + +4. To ascertain, as by the balance; to weigh. + + He can not sincerely consider the strength, poise the weight, and + discern the evidence. + + +South. + +5. To weigh (down); to oppress. [Obs.] + + Lest leaden slumber peise me down to- morrow. + + +Shak. + +Poise, v. i. To hang in equilibrium; to be balanced or suspended; +hence, to be in suspense or doubt. + + The slender, graceful spars Poise aloft in air. + + +Longfellow. + +Pois"er (?), n. (Zoˆl.) The balancer of dipterous insects. + +Poi"son (?), n. [F. poison, in Old French also, a potion, fr. L. potio +a drink, draught, potion, a poisonous draught, fr. potare to drink. See +Potable, and cf. Potion.] 1. Any agent which, when introduced into the +animal organism, is capable of producing a morbid, noxious, or deadly +effect upon it; as, morphine is a deadly poison; the poison of +pestilential diseases. + +2. That which taints or destroys moral purity or health; as, the poison +of evil example; the poison of sin. + +Poison ash. (Bot.) (a) A tree of the genus Amyris (A. balsamifera) +found in the West Indies, from the trunk of which a black liquor +distills, supposed to have poisonous qualities. (b) The poison sumac +(Rhus venenata). [U. S.] -- Poison dogwood (Bot.), poison sumac. -- +Poison fang (Zoˆl.), one of the superior maxillary teeth of some +species of serpents, which, besides having the cavity for the pulp, is +either perforated or grooved by a longitudinal canal, at the lower end +of which the duct of the poison gland terminates. See Illust. under +Fang. -- Poison gland (Biol.), a gland, in animals or plants, which +secretes an acrid or venomous matter, that is conveyed along an organ +capable of inflicting a wound. -- Poison hemlock (Bot.), a poisonous +umbelliferous plant (Conium maculatum). See Hemlock. -- Poison ivy +(Bot.), a poisonous climbing plant (Rhus Toxicodendron) of North +America. It is common on stone walls and on the trunks of trees, and +has trifoliate, rhombic-ovate, variously notched leaves. Many people +are poisoned by it, if they touch the leaves. See Poison sumac. Called +also poison oak, and mercury. -- Poison nut. (Bot.) (a) Nux vomica. (b) +The tree which yields this seed (Strychnos Nuxvomica). It is found on +the Malabar and Coromandel coasts. -- Poison oak (Bot.), the poison +ivy; also, the more shrubby Rhus diversiloba of California and Oregon. +-- Poison sac. (Zoˆl.) Same as Poison gland, above. See Illust. under +Fang. -- Poison sumac (Bot.), a poisonous shrub of the genus Rhus (R. +venenata); -- also called poison ash, poison dogwood, and poison elder. +It has pinnate leaves on graceful and slender common petioles, and +usually grows in swampy places. Both this plant and the poison ivy +(Rhus Toxicodendron) have clusters of smooth greenish white berries, +while the red-fruited species of this genus are harmless. The tree +(Rhus vernicifera) which yields the celebrated Japan lacquer is almost +identical with the poison sumac, and is also very poisonous. The juice +of the poison sumac also forms a lacquer similar to that of Japan. + +Syn. -- Venom; virus; bane; pest; malignity. -- Poison, Venom. Poison +usually denotes something received into the system by the mouth, +breath, etc. Venom is something discharged from animals and received by +means of a wound, as by the bite or sting of serpents, scorpions, etc. +Hence, venom specifically implies some malignity of nature or purpose. + +Poi"son, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Poisoned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Poisoning.] +[Cf. OF. poisonner, F. empoissoner, L. potionare to give to drink. See +Poison, n.] + +1. To put poison upon or into; to infect with poison; as, to poison an +arrow; to poison food or drink. "The ingredients of our poisoned +chalice." Shak. + +2. To injure or kill by poison; to administer poison to. + + If you poison us, do we not die ? + + +Shak. + +3. To taint; to corrupt; to vitiate; as, vice poisons happiness; +slander poisoned his mind. + + Whispering tongues can poison truth. + + +Coleridge. + +Poi"son, v. i. To act as, or convey, a poison. + + Tooth that poisons if it bite. + + +Shak. + +Poi"son*a*ble (?), a. 1. Capable of poisoning; poisonous. [Obs.] +"Poisonable heresies." Tooker. + +2. Capable of being poisoned. + +Poi"son*er (?), n. One who poisons. Shak. + +Poi"son*ous (?), a. Having the qualities or effects of poison; +venomous; baneful; corrupting; noxious. Shak. -- Poi"son*ous*ly, adv. +-- Poi"son*ous*ness, n. + +Poi"son*some (?), a. Poisonous.[Obs.] Holland. + +Poi"sure (?), n. [See Poise.] Weight. [Obs.] + +Poi"trel (?), n. [OE. poitrel, F. poitrail, fr. L. pectorale a +breastplate, fr. pectoralis, a. See Pectoral, a.] (Anc. Armor) The +breastplate of the armor of a horse. See Peytrel. [Obs.] Chaucer. + +Poize (?), n. See Poise. [Obs.] + +Po*kal" (?), n. [G.] A tall drinking cup. + +Poke (?), n. (Bot.) A large North American herb of the genus Phytolacca +(P. decandra), bearing dark purple juicy berries; -- called also +garget, pigeon berry, pocan, and pokeweed. The root and berries have +emetic and purgative properties, and are used in medicine. The young +shoots are sometimes eaten as a substitute for asparagus, and the +berries are said to be used in Europe to color wine. + +Poke, n. [AS. poca, poha, pohha; akin to Icel. poki, OD. poke, and +perh. to E. pock; cf. also Gael. poca, and OF. poque. Cf. Pock, Pocket, +Pouch.] 1. A bag; a sack; a pocket. "He drew a dial from his poke." +Shak. + + They wallowed as pigs in a poke. + + +Chaucer. + +2. A long, wide sleeve; -- called also poke sleeve. + +To boy a pig a poke (that is, in a bag), to buy a thing without +knowledge or examination of it. Camden. + +Poke, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Poked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Poking.] [Cf. LG. +poken to prick, pierce, thrust, pok a dagger, knife, D. pook, G. pocken +to beat, also Ir. poc a blow, Gael. puc to push.] 1. To thrust or push +against or into with anything pointed; hence, to stir up; to excite; +as, to poke a fire. + + He poked John, and said "Sleepest thou ?" + + +Chaucer. + +2. To thrust with the horns; to gore. + +3. [From 5th Poke, 3.] To put a poke on; as, to poke an ox. [Colloq. U. +S.] + +To poke fun, to excite fun; to joke; to jest. [Colloq.] -- To poke fun +at, to make a butt of; to ridicule. [Colloq.] + +Poke, v. i. To search; to feel one's way, as in the dark; to grope; as, +to poke about. + + A man must have poked into Latin and Greek. + + +Prior. + +Poke, n. 1. The act of poking; a thrust; a jog; as, a poke in the ribs. +Ld. Lytton. + +2. A lazy person; a dawdler; also, a stupid or uninteresting person. +[Slang, U.S.] Bartlett. + +3. A contrivance to prevent an animal from leaping or breaking through +fences. It consists of a yoke with a pole inserted, pointed forward. +[U.S.] + +Poke bonnet, a bonnet with a straight, projecting front. + +Poke"bag` (?), n. [So called in allusion to its baglike nest.] (Zoˆl.) +The European long- tailed titmouse; -- called also poke-pudding. [Prov. +Eng.] + +Pok"er (?), n. [From Poke to push.] 1. One who pokes. + +2. That which pokes or is used in poking, especially a metal bar or rod +used in stirring a fire of coals. + +3. A poking-stick. Decker. + +4. (Zoˆl.) The poachard. [Prov. Eng.] + +Poker picture, a picture formed in imitation of bisterwashed drawings, +by singeing the surface of wood with a heated poker or other iron. +Fairholt. + +Pok"er, n. [Of uncertain etymol.] A game at cards derived from brag, +and first played about 1835 in the Southwestern United States. +Johnson's Cyc. + +Pok"er, n. [Cf. Dan. pokker the deuce, devil, also W. pwci, a +hobgoblin, bugbear, and E. puck.] Any imagined frightful object, +especially one supposed to haunt the darkness; a bugbear. [Colloq. U. +S.] + +Pok"er*ish, a. Infested by pokers; adapted to excite fear; as, a +pokerish place. [Colloq. U. S.] + + There is something pokerish about a deserted dwelling. + + +Lowell. + +Pok"er*ish, a. Stiff like a poker. [Colloq.] + +Pok"et (?), n. A pocket. [Obs.] Chaucer. + +Poke"weed` (?), n. (Bot.) See Poke, the plant. + +Pok"ey (?), a. See Poky. + +Pok"ing (?), a. Drudging; servile. [Colloq.] + + Bred to some poking profession. + + +Gray. + +Pok"ing-stick` (?), n. A small stick or rod of steel, formerly used in +adjusting the plaits of ruffs. Shak. + +Pok"y (?), a. [Written also pokey.] 1. Confined; cramped. [Prov. Eng.] + +2. Dull; tedious; uninteresting. [Colloq.] + +Po*lac"ca (?), n. [It. polacca, polaccra, polacra; cf. F. polaque, +polacre, Sp. polacre,] [Written also polacre.] 1. (Naut.) A vessel with +two or three masts, used in the Mediterranean. The masts are usually of +one piece, and without tops, caps, or crosstrees. + +2. (Mus.) See Polonaise. + +Po"lack (?), n. A Polander. Shak. + +Po*la"cre (?), n. Same as Polacca, 1. + +Po"land*er (?), n. A native or inhabitant of Poland; a Pole. + +Po"lar (?), a. [Cf. F. polaire. See Pole of the earth.] 1. Of or +pertaining to one of the poles of the earth, or of a sphere; situated +near, or proceeding from, one of the poles; as, polar regions; polar +seas; polar winds. + +2. Of or pertaining to the magnetic pole, or to the point to which the +magnetic needle is directed. + +3. (Geom.) Pertaining to, reckoned from, or having a common radiating +point; as, polar coˆrdinates. + +Polar axis, that axis of an astronomical instrument, as an equatorial, +which is parallel to the earths axis. -- Polar bear (Zoˆl.), a large +bear (Ursus, or Thalarctos, maritimus) inhabiting the arctic regions. +It sometimes measures nearly nine feet in length and weighs 1,600 +pounds. It is partially amphibious, very powerful, and the most +carnivorous of all the bears. The fur is white, tinged with yellow. +Called also White bear. See Bear. -- Polar body, cell, or globule +(Biol.), a minute cell which separates by karyokinesis from the ovum +during its maturation. In the maturation of ordinary ova two polar +bodies are formed, but in parthogenetic ova only one. The first polar +body formed is usually larger than the second one, and often divides +into two after its separation from the ovum. Each of the polar bodies +removes maternal chromatin from the ovum to make room for the chromatin +of the fertilizing spermatozoˆn; but their functions are not fully +understood. -- Polar circles (Astron. & Geog.), two circles, each at a +distance from a pole of the earth equal to the obliquity of the +ecliptic, or about 23∞ 28′, the northern called the arctic +circle, and the southern the antarctic circle. -- Polar clock, a tube, +containing a polarizing apparatus, turning on an axis parallel to that +of the earth, and indicating the hour of the day on an hour circle, by +being turned toward the plane of maximum polarization of the light of +the sky, which is always 90∞ from the sun. -- Polar coˆrdinates. See +under 3d Coˆrdinate. -- Polar dial, a dial whose plane is parallel to a +great circle passing through the poles of the earth. Math. Dict. -- +Polar distance, the angular distance of any point on a sphere from one +of its poles, particularly of a heavenly body from the north pole of +the heavens. -- Polar equation of a line or surface, an equation which +expresses the relation between the polar coˆrdinates of every point of +the line or surface. -- Polar forces (Physics), forces that are +developed and act in pairs, with opposite tendencies or properties in +the two elements, as magnetism, electricity, etc. -- Polar hare +(Zoˆl.), a large hare of Arctic America (Lepus arcticus), which turns +pure white in winter. It is probably a variety of the common European +hare (L. timidus). -- Polar lights, the aurora borealis or australis. +-- Polar, or Polaric, opposition or contrast (Logic), an opposition or +contrast made by the existence of two opposite conceptions which are +the extremes in a species, as white and black in colors; hence, as +great an opposition or contrast as possible. -- Polar projection. See +under Projection. -- Polar spherical triangle (Spherics), a spherical +triangle whose three angular points are poles of the sides of a given +triangle. See 4th Pole, 2. -- Polar whale (Zoˆl.), the right whale, or +bowhead. See Whale. + +<! p. 1107 !> + +Po"lar (?), n. (Conic Sections) The right line drawn through the two +points of contact of the two tangents drawn from a given point to a +given conic section. The given point is called the pole of the line. If +the given point lies within the curve so that the two tangents become +imaginary, there is still a real polar line which does not meet the +curve, but which possesses other properties of the polar. Thus the +focus and directrix are pole and polar. There are also poles and polar +curves to curves of higher degree than the second, and poles and polar +planes to surfaces of the second degree. + +Pol"ar*chy (?), n. See Polyarchy. + +Po*lar"ic (?), a. See Polar. [R.] + +Po"lar*i*ly (?), adv. In a polary manner; with polarity. [R.] Sir T. +Browne. + +Po`lar*im"e*ter (?), n. [Polar + -meter.] (Opt.) An instrument for +determining the amount of polarization of light, or the proportion of +polarized light, in a partially polarized ray. + +Po`lar*im"e*try (?), n. (Opt.) The art or process of measuring the +polarization of light. + +||Po*la"ris (?), n. [NL. See Polar.] (Astron.) The polestar. See North +||star, under North. + +Po*lar"i*scope (?), n. [Polar + -scope.] (Opt.) An instrument +consisting essentially of a polarizer and an analyzer, used for +polarizing light, and analyzing its properties. + +Po*lar`i*scop"ic (?), a. (Opt.) Of or pertaining to the polariscope; +obtained by the use of a polariscope; as, polariscopic observations. + +Po`lar*is"co*py (?), n. (Opt.) The art or rocess of making observations +with the polariscope. + +Po`lar*is"tic (?), a. Pertaining to, or exhibiting, poles; having a +polar arrangement or disposition; arising from, or dependent upon, the +possession of poles or polar characteristics; as, polaristic +antagonism. + +Po*lar"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. polaritÈ.] 1. (Physics) That quality or +condition of a body in virtue of which it exhibits opposite, or +contrasted, properties or powers, in opposite, or contrasted, parts or +directions; or a condition giving rise to a contrast of properties +corresponding to a contrast of positions, as, for example, attraction +and repulsion in the opposite parts of a magnet, the dissimilar +phenomena corresponding to the different sides of a polarized ray of +light, etc. + +2. (Geom.) A property of the conic sections by virtue of which a given +point determines a corresponding right line and a given right line +determines a corresponding point. See Polar, n. + +Po"lar*i`za*ble (?), a. Susceptible of polarization. + +Po`lar*i*za"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. polarisation.] + +1. The act of polarizing; the state of being polarized, or of having +polarity. + +2. (Opt.) A peculiar affection or condition of the rays of light or +heat, in consequence of which they exhibit different properties in +different directions. + +If a beam of light, which has been reflected from a plate of unsilvered +glass at an angle of about 56∞, be received upon a second plate of +glass similar to the former, and at the same angle of incidence, the +light will be readily reflected when the two planes of incidence are +parallel to each other, but will not be reflected when the two planes +of incidence are perpendicular to each other. The light has, therefore, +acquired new properties by reflection from the first plate of glass, +and is called polarized light, while the modification which the light +has experienced by this reflection is called polarization. The plane in +which the beam of light is reflected from the first mirror is called +the plane of polarization. The angle of polarization is the angle at +which a beam of light must be reflected, in order that the polarization +may be the most complete. The term polarization was derived from the +theory of emission, and it was conceived that each luminous molecule +has two poles analogous to the poles of a magnet; but this view is not +now held. According to the undulatory theory, ordinary light is +produced by vibrations transverse or perpendicular to the direction of +the ray, and distributed as to show no distinction as to any particular +direction. But when, by any means, these, vibrations are made to take +place in one plane, the light is said to be plane polarized. If only a +portion of the vibrations lie in one plane the ray is said to be +partially polarized. Light may be polarized by several methods other +than by reflection, as by refraction through most crystalline media, or +by being transmitted obliquely through several plates of glass with +parallel faces. If a beam of polarized light be transmitted through a +crystal of quartz in the direction of its axis, the plane of +polarization will be changed by an angle proportional to the thickness +of the crystal. This phenomenon is called rotatory polarization. A beam +of light reflected from a metallic surface, or from glass surfaces +under certain peculiar conditions, acquires properties still more +complex, its vibrations being no longer rectilinear, but circular, or +elliptical. This phenomenon is called circular or elliptical +polarization. + +3. (Elec.) An effect produced upon the plates of a voltaic battery, or +the electrodes in an electrolytic cell, by the deposition upon them of +the gases liberated by the action of the current. It is chiefly due to +the hydrogen, and results in an increase of the resistance, and the +setting up of an opposing electro- motive force, both of which tend +materially to weaken the current of the battery, or that passing +through the cell. + +Po"lar*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Polarized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Polarizing (?).] [Cf. F. polariser.] To communicate polarity to. + +Po"lar*i`zer (?), n. (Physics) That which polarizes; especially, the +part of a polariscope which receives and polarizes the light. It is +usually a reflecting plate, or a plate of some crystal, as tourmaline, +or a doubly refracting crystal. + +Po"lar*y (?), a. Tending to a pole; having a direction toward a pole. +[R.] Sir T. Browne. + +||Po`la`touche" (?), n. [F.] (Zoˆl.) A flying squirrel (Sciuropterus +||volans) native of Northern Europe and Siberia; -- called also minene. + +Pol"der (?), n. [D.] A tract of low land reclaimed from the sea by of +high embankments. [Holland & Belgium] + +Pold"way` (?), n. [Cf. Poledavy.] A kind of coarse bagging, -- used for +coal sacks. Weale. + +Pole (?), n. [Cf. G. Pole a Pole, Polen Poland.] A native or inhabitant +of Poland; a Polander. + +Pole, n. [As. pl, L. palus, akin to pangere to make fast. Cf. Pale a +stake, Pact.] 1. A long, slender piece of wood; a tall, slender piece +of timber; the stem of a small tree whose branches have been removed; +as, specifically: (a) A carriage pole, a wooden bar extending from the +front axle of a carriage between the wheel horses, by which the +carriage is guided and held back. (b) A flag pole, a pole on which a +flag is supported. (c) A Maypole. See Maypole. (d) A barber's pole, a +pole painted in stripes, used as a sign by barbers and hairdressers. +(e) A pole on which climbing beans, hops, or other vines, are trained. + +2. A measuring stick; also, a measure of length equal to 5&?; yards, or +a square measure equal to 30&?; square yards; a rod; a perch. Bacon. + +Pole bean (Bot.), any kind of bean which is customarily trained on +poles, as the scarlet runner or the Lima bean. -- Pole flounder +(Zoˆl.), a large deep-water flounder (Glyptocephalus cynoglossus), +native of the northern coasts of Europe and America, and much esteemed +as a food fish; -- called also craig flounder, and pole fluke. -- Pole +lathe, a simple form of lathe, or a substitute for a lathe, in which +the work is turned by means of a cord passing around it, one end being +fastened to the treadle, and the other to an elastic pole above. -- +Pole mast (Naut.), a mast formed from a single piece or from a single +tree. -- Pole of a lens (Opt.), the point where the principal axis +meets the surface. -- Pole plate (Arch.), a horizontal timber resting +on the tiebeams of a roof and receiving the ends of the rafters. It +differs from the plate in not resting on the wall. + +Pole, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Poled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Poling.] 1. To +furnish with poles for support; as, to pole beans or hops. + +2. To convey on poles; as, to pole hay into a barn. + +3. To impel by a pole or poles, as a boat. + +4. To stir, as molten glass, with a pole. + +Pole, n. [L. polus, Gr. &?; a pivot or hinge on which anything turns, +an axis, a pole; akin to &?; to move: cf. F. pÙle.] 1. Either extremity +of an axis of a sphere; especially, one of the extremities of the +earth's axis; as, the north pole. + +2. (Spherics) A point upon the surface of a sphere equally distant from +every part of the circumference of a great circle; or the point in +which a diameter of the sphere perpendicular to the plane of such +circle meets the surface. Such a point is called the pole of that +circle; as, the pole of the horizon; the pole of the ecliptic; the pole +of a given meridian. + +3. (Physics) One of the opposite or contrasted parts or directions in +which a polar force is manifested; a point of maximum intensity of a +force which has two such points, or which has polarity; as, the poles +of a magnet; the north pole of a needle. + +4. The firmament; the sky. [Poetic] + + Shoots against the dusky pole. + + +Milton. + +5. (Geom.) See Polarity, and Polar, n. + +Magnetic pole. See under Magnetic. -- Poles of the earth, or +Terrestrial poles (Geog.), the two opposite points on the earth's +surface through which its axis passes. -- Poles of the heavens, or +Celestial poles, the two opposite points in the celestial sphere which +coincide with the earth's axis produced, and about which the heavens +appear to revolve. + +{ Pole"ax`, Pole"axe` } (?), n. [OE. pollax; cf. OD. pollexe. See Poll +head, and Ax.] Anciently, a kind of battle-ax with a long handle; +later, an ax or hatchet with a short handle, and a head variously +patterned; -- used by soldiers, and also by sailors in boarding a +vessel. + +Pole"cat` (?), n. [Probably fr. F. poule hen, and originally, a poultry +cat, because it feeds on poultry. See Poultry.] (Zoˆl.) (a) A small +European carnivore of the Weasel family (Putorius fútidus). Its scent +glands secrete a substance of an exceedingly disagreeable odor. Called +also fitchet, foulmart, and European ferret. (b) The zorilla. The name +is also applied to other allied species. + +Pole"da`vy (?), n. [Etymology uncertain.] A sort of coarse canvas; +poldway. [Obs.] Howell. + +Pole"less, a. Without a pole; as, a poleless chariot. + +Pol"e*march (?), n. [Gr. &?;; &?; war + &?; leader, from &?; to be +first.] (Gr. Antiq.) In Athens, originally, the military +commanderin-chief; but, afterward, a civil magistrate who had +jurisdiction in respect of strangers and sojourners. In other Grecian +cities, a high military and civil officer. + +Po*lem"ic (?), a. [Gr. &?; warlike, fr.&?; war: cf. F. polÈmique.] 1. +Of or pertaining to controversy; maintaining, or involving, +controversy; controversial; disputative; as, a polemic discourse or +essay; polemic theology. + +2. Engaged in, or addicted to, polemics, or to controversy; +disputations; as, a polemic writer. South. + +Po*lem"ic, n. 1. One who writes in support of one opinion, doctrine, or +system, in opposition to another; one skilled in polemics; a +controversialist; a disputant. + + The sarcasms and invectives of the young polemic. + + +Macaulay. + +2. A polemic argument or controversy. + +Po*lem"ic*al (?), a. Polemic; controversial; disputatious. -- +Po*lem"ic*al*ly, adv. + + Polemical and impertinent disputations. + + +Jer. Taylor. + +Po*lem"i*cist (?), n. A polemic. [R.] + +Po*lem"ics (?), n. [Cf. F. polÈmique.] The art or practice of +disputation or controversy, especially on religious subjects; that +branch of theological science which pertains to the history or conduct +of ecclesiastical controversy. + +Pol"e*mist (?), n. A polemic. [R.] + +Pol`e*mo`ni*a"ceous (?), a. (Bot.) Of or pertaining to a natural order +of plants (PolemoniaceÊ), which includes Polemonium, Phlox, Gilia, and +a few other genera. + +||Pol`e*mo"ni*um (?). n. [NL., fr. Gr.&?; a kind of plant.] (Bot.) A +||genus of gamopetalous perennial herbs, including the Jacob's ladder +||and the Greek valerian. + +Po*lem"o*scope (?), n. [Gr. &?; war + -scope: cf. F. polÈmoscope.] An +opera glass or field glass with an oblique mirror arranged for seeing +objects do not lie directly before the eye; -- called also diagonal, or +side, opera glass. + +Pol"e*my (?), n. [See Polemic.] Warfare; war; hence, contention; +opposition. [Obs.] + +||Po*len"ta (?), n. [It., fr. L. polenta peeled barley.] Pudding made +||of Indian meal; also, porridge made of chestnut meal. [Italy] + +Pol"er (?), n. One who poles. + +Pol"er, n. An extortioner. See Poller. [Obs.] Bacon. + +Pole"star` (?), n. 1. Polaris, or the north star. See North star, under +North. + +2. A guide or director. + +Pole"wards (?), adv. Toward a pole of the earth. "The regions further +polewards." Whewell. + +Pole"wig (?), n. [Cf. Polliwig.] (Zoˆl.) The European spotted goby +(Gobius minutus); -- called also pollybait. [Prov. Eng.] + +Po"ley (?), n. (Bot.) See Poly. + +Po"ley, a. Without horns; polled. [Prov. Eng.] "That poley heifer." H. +Kingsley. + +Po"li*a*nite (?), n. [Gr. &?; to become gray.] (Min.) Manganese +dioxide, occurring in tetragonal crystals nearly as hard as quartz. + +Pol"i*cate (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Same as Pollicate. + +Po*lice" (?), n. [F., fr. L. politia the condition of a state, +government, administration, Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to be a citizen, to govern +or administer a state, fr. &?; citizen, fr. &?; city; akin to Skr. pur, +puri. Cf. Policy polity, Polity.] 1. A judicial and executive system, +for the government of a city, town, or district, for the preservation +of rights, order, cleanliness, health, etc., and for the enforcement of +the laws and prevention of crime; the administration of the laws and +regulations of a city, incorporated town, or borough. + +2. That which concerns the order of the community; the internal +regulation of a state. + +3. The organized body of civil officers in a city, town, or district, +whose particular duties are the preservation of good order, the +prevention and detection of crime, and the enforcement of the laws. + +4. (Mil.) Military police, the body of soldiers detailed to preserve +civil order and attend to sanitary arrangements in a camp or garrison. + +5. The cleaning of a camp or garrison, or the state &?; a camp as to +cleanliness. + +Police commissioner, a civil officer, usually one of a board, +commissioned to regulate and control the appointment, duties, and +discipline of the police. -- Police constable, or Police officer, a +policeman. -- Police court, a minor court to try persons brought before +it by the police. -- Police inspector, an officer of police ranking +next below a superintendent. -- Police jury, a body of officers who +collectively exercise jurisdiction in certain cases of police, as +levying taxes, etc.; -- so called in Louisiana. Bouvier. -- Police +justice, or Police magistrate, a judge of a police court. -- Police +offenses (Law), minor offenses against the order of the community, of +which a police court may have final jurisdiction. -- Police station, +the headquarters of the police, or of a section of them; the place +where the police assemble for orders, and to which they take arrested +persons. + +Po*lice", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Policed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Policing.] +1. To keep in order by police. + +2. (Mil.) To make clean; as, to police a camp. + +Po*liced" (?), a. Regulated by laws for the maintenance of peace and +order, enforced by organized administration. "A policed kingdom." +Howell. + +Po*lice"man (?), n.; pl. Policemen (&?;). A member of a body of police; +a constable. + +Po*li"cial (&?;), a. Relating to the police. [R.] + +<! p. 1108 !> + +Pol"i*cied (?), a. Policed. [Obs.] Bacon. + +Pol"i*cy (?), n.; pl. Policies (#). [L. politia, Gr. &?;; cf. F. +police, Of. police. See Police, n.] 1. Civil polity. [Obs.] + +2. The settled method by which the government and affairs of a nation +are, or may be, administered; a system of public or official +administration, as designed to promote the external or internal +prosperity of a state. + +3. The method by which any institution is administered; system of +management; course. + +4. Management or administration based on temporal or material interest, +rather than on principles of equity or honor; hence, worldly wisdom; +dexterity of management; cunning; stratagem. + +5. Prudence or wisdom in the management of public and private affairs; +wisdom; sagacity; wit. + + The very policy of a hostess, finding his purse so far above his + clothes, did detect him. + + +Fuller. + +6. Motive; object; inducement. [Obs.] + + What policy have you to bestow a benefit where it is counted an + injury? + + +Sir P. Sidney. + +Syn. -- See Polity. + +Pol"i*cy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Policied (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Policying.] +To regulate by laws; to reduce to order. [Obs.] "Policying of cities." +Bacon. + +Pol"i*cy, n. [F. police; cf. Pr. polissia, Sp. pÛlizia, It. pÛlizza; of +uncertain origin; cf. L. pollex thumb (as being used in pressing the +seal), in LL. also, seal; or cf. LL. politicum, poleticum, polecticum, +L. polyptychum, account book, register, fr. Gr. &?; having many folds +or leaves; &?; many + &?; fold, leaf, from &?; to fold; or cf. LL. +apodixa a receipt.] 1. A ticket or warrant for money in the public +funds. + +2. The writing or instrument in which a contract of insurance is +embodied; an instrument in writing containing the terms and conditions +on which one party engages to indemnify another against loss arising +from certain hazards, perils, or risks to which his person or property +may be exposed. See Insurance. + +3. A method of gambling by betting as to what numbers will be drawn in +a lottery; as, to play policy. + +Interest policy, a policy that shows by its form that the assured has a +real, substantial interest in the matter insured. -- Open policy, one +in which the value of the goods or property insured is not mentioned. +-- Policy book, a book to contain a record of insurance policies. -- +Policy holder, one to whom an insurance policy has been granted. -- +Policy shop, a gambling place where one may bet on the numbers which +will be drawn in lotteries. -- Valued policy, one in which the value of +the goods, property, or interest insured is specified. -- Wager policy, +a policy that shows on the face of it that the contract it embodies is +a pretended insurance, founded on an ideal risk, where the insured has +no interest in anything insured. + +Pol"ing (?), n. [From Pole a stick.] 1. The act of supporting or of +propelling by means of a pole or poles; as, the poling of beans; the +poling of a boat. + +2. (Gardening) The operation of dispersing worm casts over the walks +with poles. + +3. One of the poles or planks used in upholding the side earth in +excavating a tunnel, ditch, etc. + +Pol"ish (?), a. [From Pole a Polander.] Of or pertaining to Poland or +its inhabitants. - - n. The language of the Poles. + +Pol"ish (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Polished (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Polishing.] [F. polir, L. polire. Cf. Polite, -ish] 1. To make smooth +and glossy, usually by friction; to burnish; to overspread with luster; +as, to polish glass, marble, metals, etc. + +2. Hence, to refine; to wear off the rudeness, coarseness, or rusticity +of; to make elegant and polite; as, to polish life or manners. Milton. + +To polish off, to finish completely, as an adversary. [Slang] W. H. +Russell. + +Pol"ish, v. i. To become smooth, as from friction; to receive a gloss; +to take a smooth and glossy surface; as, steel polishes well. Bacon. + +Pol"ish, n. 1. A smooth, glossy surface, usually produced by friction; +a gloss or luster. + + Another prism of clearer glass and better polish. + + +Sir I. Newton. + +2. Anything used to produce a gloss. + +3. Fig.: Refinement; elegance of manners. + + This Roman polish and this smooth behavior. + + +Addison. + +Pol"ish*a*ble (?), a. Capable of being polished. + +Pol"ished (?), a. Made smooth and glossy, as by friction; hence, highly +finished; refined; polite; as, polished plate; polished manners; +polished verse. + +Pol"ished*ness, n. The quality of being polished. + +Pol"ish*er (?), n. One who, or that which, polishes; also, that which +is used in polishing. Addison. + +Pol"ish*ing, a. & n. from Polish. + +Polishing iron, an iron burnisher; esp., a small smoothing iron used in +laundries. -- Polishing slate. (a) A gray or yellow slate, found in +Bohemia and Auvergne, and used for polishing glass, marble, and metals. +(b) A kind of hone or whetstone; hone slate. -- Polishing snake, a tool +used in cleaning lithographic stones. -- Polishing wheel, a wheel or +disk coated with, or composed of, abrading material, for polishing a +surface. + +Pol"ish*ment (?), n. The act of polishing, or the state of being +polished. [R.] + +Po*lite" (?), a. [Compar. Politer (?); superl. Politest.] [L. politus, +p. p. of polire to polish: cf. F. poli. See Polish, v.] 1. Smooth; +polished. [Obs.] + + Rays of light falling on a polite surface. + + +Sir I. Newton. + +2. Smooth and refined in behavior or manners; well bred; courteous; +complaisant; obliging; civil. + + He marries, bows at court, and grows polite. + + +Pope. + +3. Characterized by refinement, or a high degree of finish; as, polite +literature. Macaulay. + +Syn. -- Polished; refined; well bred; courteous; affable; urbane; +civil; courtly; elegant; genteel. + +Po*lite", v. t. To polish; to refine; to render polite. [Obs.] Ray. + +Po*lite"ly (?), adv. 1. In a polished manner; so as to be smooth or +glossy. [Obs.] Milton. + +2. In a polite manner; with politeness. + +Po*lite"ness, n. 1. High finish; smoothness; burnished elegance. [R.] +Evelyn. + +2. The quality or state of being polite; refinement of manners; +urbanity; courteous behavior; complaisance; obliging attentions. + +Syn. -- Courtesy; good breeding; refinement; urbanity; courteousness; +affability; complaisance; civility; gentility; courtliness. -- +Politeness, Courtesy. Politeness denotes that ease and gracefulness of +manners which first sprung up in cities, connected with a desire to +please others by anticipating their wants and wishes, and studiously +avoiding whatever might give them pain. Courtesy is, etymologically, +the politeness of courts. It displays itself in the address and +manners; it is shown more especially in receiving and entertaining +others, and is a union of dignified complaisance and kindness. + +||Pol`i*tesse" (?), n. [F.] Politeness. + +Pol"i*tic (?), a. [L. politicus political, Gr. &?; belonging to the +citizens or to the state, fr.&?; citizen: cf. F. politique. See Police, +and cf. ePolitical.] 1. Of or pertaining to polity, or civil +government; political; as, the body politic. See under Body. + + He with his people made all but one politic body. + + +Sir P. Sidney. + +2. Pertaining to, or promoting, a policy, especially a national policy; +well-devised; adapted to its end, whether right or wrong; -- said of +things; as, a politic treaty. "Enrich'd with politic grave counsel." +Shak. + +3. Sagacious in promoting a policy; ingenious in devising and advancing +a system of management; devoted to a scheme or system rather than to a +principle; hence, in a good sense, wise; prudent; sagacious; and in a +bad sense, artful; unscrupulous; cunning; -- said of persons. + + Politic with my friend, smooth with mine enemy. + + +Shak. + +Syn. -- Wise; prudent; sagacious; discreet; provident; wary; artful; +cunning. + +Pol`i*tic, n. A politician. [Archaic] Bacon. + + Swiftly the politic goes; is it dark? he borrows a lantern; Slowly + the statesman and sure, guiding his feet by the stars. + + +Lowell. + +Po*lit"i*cal (?), a. 1. Having, or conforming to, a settled system of +administration. [R.] "A political government." Evelyn. + +2. Of or pertaining to public policy, or to politics; relating to +affairs of state or administration; as, a political writer. "The +political state of Europe." Paley. + +3. Of or pertaining to a party, or to parties, in the state; as, his +political relations were with the Whigs. + +4. Politic; wise; also, artful. [Obs.] Sterne. + +Political economy, that branch of political science or philosophy which +treats of the sources, and methods of production and preservation, of +the material wealth and prosperity of nations. + +Po*lit"i*cal*ism (?), n. Zeal or party spirit in politics. + +Po*lit"i*cal*ly, adv. 1. In a political manner. + +2. Politicly; artfully. [Obs.] Knolles. + +Po*lit"i*cas`ter (?), n. [Cf. It. politicastro.] A petty politician; a +pretender in politics. Milton. + +Pol`i*ti"cian (?), n. [Cf. F. politicien.] + +1. One versed or experienced in the science of government; one devoted +to politics; a statesman. + + While empiric politicians use deceit. + + +Dryden. + +2. One primarily devoted to his own advancement in public office, or to +the success of a political party; -- used in a depreciatory sense; one +addicted or attached to politics as managed by parties (see Politics, +2); a schemer; an intriguer; as, a mere politician. + + Like a scurvy politician, seem To see the things thou dost not. + + +Shak. + + The politician . . . ready to do anything that he apprehends for + his advantage. + + +South. + +Pol`i*ti"cian, a. Cunning; using artifice; politic; artful. +"Ill-meaning politician lords." Milton. + +Po*lit"i*cist (?), n. A political writer. [R.] + +Pol"i*tic*ly (?), adv. In a politic manner; sagaciously; shrewdly; +artfully. Pope. + +Pol"i*tics (?), n. [Cf. F. politique, Gr. &?; (sc.&?;). See Politic.] +1. The science of government; that part of ethics which has to do with +the regulation and government of a nation or state, the preservation of +its safety, peace, and prosperity, the defense of its existence and +rights against foreign control or conquest, the augmentation of its +strength and resources, and the protection of its citizens in their +rights, with the preservation and improvement of their morals. + +2. The management of a political party; the conduct and contests of +parties with reference to political measures or the administration of +public affairs; the advancement of candidates to office; in a bad +sense, artful or dishonest management to secure the success of +political candidates or parties; political trickery. + + When we say that two men are talking politics, we often mean that + they are wrangling about some mere party question. + + +F. W. Robertson. + +Pol"i*tize (?), v. i. To play the politician; to dispute as politicians +do. [Obs.] Milton. + +Pol"i*ture (?), n. [L. politura, fr. polire to polish. See Polish, v.] +Polish; gloss. [Obs.] Donne. + +Pol"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Polities (#). [L. politia, Gr. &?;: cf. F. +politie. See 1st Policy, Police.] 1. The form or constitution of the +civil government of a nation or state; the framework or organization by +which the various departments of government are combined into a +systematic whole. Blackstone. Hooker. + +2. Hence: The form or constitution by which any institution is +organized; the recognized principles which lie at the foundation of any +human institution. + + Nor is possible that any form of polity, much less polity + ecclesiastical, should be good, unless God himself be author of it. + + +Hooker. + +3. Policy; art; management. [Obs.] B. Jonson. + +Syn. -- Policy. -- Polity, Policy. These two words were originally the +same. Polity is now confined to the structure of a government; as, +civil or ecclesiastical polity; while policy is applied to the scheme +of management of public affairs with reference to some aim or result; +as, foreign or domestic policy. Policy has the further sense of +skillful or cunning management. + +Po*litz`er*i*za"tion (?), n. (Med.) The act of inflating the middle ear +by blowing air up the nose during the act of swallowing; -- so called +from Prof. Politzer of Vienna, who first practiced it. + +Pol"ive (?), n. A pulley. [Obs.] Chaucer. + +Pol"ka (?), n. [Pol. Polka a Polish woman: cf. F. & G. polka.] 1. A +dance of Polish origin, but now common everywhere. It is performed by +two persons in common time. + +2. (Mus.) A lively Bohemian or Polish dance tune in 2-4 measure, with +the third quaver accented. + +Polka jacket, a kind of knit jacket worn by women. + +Poll (?), n. [From Polly, The proper name.] A parrot; -- familiarly so +called. + +Poll, n. [Gr. &?; the many, the rabble.] One who does not try for +honors, but is content to take a degree merely; a passman. [Cambridge +Univ., Eng.] + +Poll (?), n. [Akin to LG. polle the head, the crest of a bird, the top +of a tree, OD. pol, polle, Dan. puld the crown of a hat.] 1. The head; +the back part of the head. "All flaxen was his poll." Shak. + +2. A number or aggregate of heads; a list or register of heads or +individuals. + + We are the greater poll, and in true fear They gave us our demands. + + +Shak. + + The muster file, rotten and sound, upon my life, amounts not to + fifteen thousand poll. + + +Shak. + +3. Specifically, the register of the names of electors who may vote in +an election. + +4. The casting or recording of the votes of registered electors; as, +the close of the poll. + + All soldiers quartered in place are to remove . . . and not to + return till one day after the poll is ended. + + +Blackstone. + +5. pl. The place where the votes are cast or recorded; as, to go to the +polls. + +6. The broad end of a hammer; the but of an ax. + +7. (Zoˆl.) The European chub. See Pollard, 3 (a). + +Poll book, a register of persons entitled to vote at an election. -- +Poll evil (Far.), an inflammatory swelling or abscess on a horse's +head, confined beneath the great ligament of the neck. -- Poll pick +(Mining), a pole having a heavy spike on the end, forming a kind of +crowbar. -- Poll tax, a tax levied by the head, or poll; a capitation +tax. + +Poll, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Polled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Polling.] 1. To +remove the poll or head of; hence, to remove the top or end of; to +clip; to lop; to shear; as, to poll the head; to poll a tree. + + When he [Absalom] pollled his head. + + +2 Sam. xiv. 26. + + His death did so grieve them that they polled themselves; they + clipped off their horse and mule's hairs. + + +Sir T. North. + +2. To cut off; to remove by clipping, shearing, etc.; to mow or crop; +-- sometimes with off; as, to poll the hair; to poll wool; to poll +grass. + + Who, as he polled off his dart's head, so sure he had decreed That + all the counsels of their war he would poll off like it. + + +Chapman. + +3. To extort from; to plunder; to strip. [Obs.] + + Which polls and pills the poor in piteous wise. + + +Spenser. + +4. To impose a tax upon. [Obs.] + +5. To pay as one's personal tax. + + The man that polled but twelve pence for his head. + + +Dryden. + +6. To enter, as polls or persons, in a list or register; to enroll, +esp. for purposes of taxation; to enumerate one by one. + + Polling the reformed churches whether they equalize in number those + of his three kingdoms. + + +Milton. + +7. To register or deposit, as a vote; to elicit or call forth, as votes +or voters; as, he polled a hundred votes more than his opponent. + + And poll for points of faith his trusty vote. + + +Tickell. + +8. (Law) To cut or shave smooth or even; to cut in a straight line +without indentation; as, a polled deed. See Dee&?; poll. Burrill. + +To poll a jury, to call upon each member of the jury to answer +individually as to his concurrence in a verdict which has been +rendered. + +Poll, v. i. To vote at an election. Beaconsfield. + +Pol"lack (?), n. [Cf. G. & D. pollack, and Gael. pollag a little pool, +a sort of fish.] (Zoˆl.) (a) A marine gadoid food fish of Europe +(Pollachius virens). Called also greenfish, greenling, lait, leet, lob, +lythe, and whiting pollack. (b) The American pollock; the coalfish. + +Poll"age (?), n. A head or poll tax; hence, extortion. [Obs.] Foxe. + +Pol"lan (?), n. [Cf. Gael. pollag a kind of fish.] (Zoˆl.) A lake +whitefish (Coregonus pollan), native of Ireland. In appearance it +resembles a herring. + +Pol"lard (?), n. [From Poll the head.] 1. A tree having its top cut off +at some height above the ground, that may throw out branches. Pennant. + +2. A clipped coin; also, a counterfeit. [Obs.] Camden. + +3. (Zoˆl.) (a) A fish, the chub. (b) A stag that has cast its antlers. +(c) A hornless animal (cow or sheep). + +Pol"lard, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pollarded; p. pr. & vb. n. Pollarding.] +To lop the tops of, as trees; to poll; as, to pollard willows. Evelyn. + +Poll"ax` (?), n. A poleax. [Obs.] Chaucer. + +Polled (?), a. Deprived of a poll, or of something belonging to the +poll. Specifically: (a) Lopped; -- said of trees having their tops cut +off. (b) Cropped; hence, bald; -- said of a person. "The polled +bachelor." Beau. & Fl. (c) Having cast the antlers; -- said of a stag. +(d) Without horns; as, polled cattle; polled sheep. + +Pol"len (?), n. [L. pollen fine flour, fine dust; cf. Gr. &?;] 1. Fine +bran or flour. [Obs.] Bailey. + +2. (Bot.) The fecundating dustlike cells of the anthers of flowers. See +Flower, and Illust. of Filament. + +Pollen grain (Bot.), a particle or call of pollen. -- Pollen mass, a +pollinium. Gray. -- Pollen sac, a compartment of an anther containing +pollen, -- usually there are four in each anther. -- Pollen tube, a +slender tube which issues from the pollen grain on its contact with the +stigma, which it penetrates, thus conveying, it is supposed, the +fecundating matter of the grain to the ovule. + +<! p. 1109 !> + +Pol`len*a"ri*ous (?), a. Consisting of meal or pollen. + +Pol"lened (?), a. Covered with pollen. Tennyson. + +Pol`len*if"er*ous (?), a. [Pollen + -ferous.] (Bot.) Producing pollen; +polliniferous. + +Pol"len*in (?), n. [Cf. F. pollÈnine.] (Chem.) A substance found in the +pollen of certain plants. [R.] + +Pol"len*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pollenized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Pollenizing (?).] To supply with pollen; to impregnate with pollen. + +Poll"er (?), n. [From Poll] One who polls; specifically: (a) One who +polls or lops trees. (b) One who polls or cuts hair; a barber. [R.] (c) +One who extorts or plunders. [Obs.] Baex>. (d) One who registplws +votplws, or one who enters his name as a voter. + +||Pol"lex (?), n.; pl. Pollices (#). [the thumb.] (Anat.) The first, or +||preaxial, digit of the fore limb, corresponding to the hallux in the +||hind limb; the thumb. In birds, the pollex is the joint which bears +||the bastard wing. + +Pol"li*cate (?), a. [L. pollex, pollicis, a thumb.] (Zoˆl.) Having a +curved projection or spine on the inner side of a leg joint; -- said of +insects. + +Pol*lic`i*ta"tion (?), n. [L. pollicitatio, fr. pollicitari to promise, +v. intens. fr. polliceri to promise: cf. F. pollicitation.] 1. A +voluntary engagement, or a paper containing it; a promise. Bp. Burnet. + +2. (Roman Law) A promise without mutuality; a promise which has not +been accepted by the person to whom it is made. Bouvier. + +Pol"li*nate (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Pollinose. + +Pol"li*nate (?), v. t. (Bot.) To apply pollen to (a stigma). -- +Pol`li*na"tion (#), n. (Bot.) + +||Pol*linc"tor (?), n. [L., fr. pollingere.] (Rom. Antiq.) One who +||prepared corpses for the funeral. + +Poll"ing (?), n. [See Poll the head.] 1. The act of topping, lopping, +or cropping, as trees or hedges. + +2. Plunder, or extortion. [Obs.] E. Hall. + +3. The act of voting, or of registering a vote. + +Polling booth, a temporary structure where the voting at an election is +done; a polling place. + +Pol`li*nif"er*ous (?), a. [L. pollen, -inis, pollen + -ferous: cf. F. +pollinifËre.] (Bot.) Producing pollen; polleniferous. + +||Pol*lin"i*um (?), n.; pl. Pollinia (#). [NL. See Pollen.] (Bot.) A +||coherent mass of pollen, as in the milkweed and most orchids. + +Pol"li*nose` (?), a. [L. pollen, -inis, dust.] (Zoˆl.) Having the +surface covered with a fine yellow dust, like pollen. + +{ Pol"li*wig (?), Pol"li*wog (?) }, n. [OE. polwigle. Cf. Poll head, +and Wiggle.] (Zoˆl.) A tadpole; -- called also purwiggy and porwigle. + +Pol"lock (?), n. [See Pollack.] (Zoˆl.) A marine gadoid fish +(Pollachius carbonarius), native both of the European and American +coasts. It is allied to the cod, and like it is salted and dried. In +England it is called coalfish, lob, podley, podling, pollack, etc. + +Pol"lu*cite (?), n. [See Pollux, and 4th Castor.] (Min.) A colorless +transparent mineral, resembling quartz, occurring with castor or +castorite on the island of Elba. It is a silicate of alumina and cÊsia. +Called also pollux. + +Pol*lute" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Polluted; p. pr. & vb. n. +Polluting.] [L. pollutus, p. p. of polluere to defile, to pollute, from +a prep. appearing only in comp. + luere to wash. See Position, Lave.] +1. To make foul, impure, or unclean; to defile; to taint; to soil; to +desecrate; -- used of physical or moral defilement. + + The land was polluted with blood. + + +Ps. cvi. 38 + + Wickedness . . . hath polluted the whole earth. + + +2 Esd. xv. 6. + +2. To violate sexually; to debauch; to dishonor. + +3. (Jewish Law) To render ceremonially unclean; to disqualify or unfit +for sacred use or service, or for social intercourse. + + Neither shall ye pollute the holy things of the children of Israel, + lest ye die. + + +Num. xviii. 32. + + They have polluted themselves with blood. + + +Lam. iv. 14. + +Syn. -- To defile; soil; contaminate; corrupt; taint; vitiate; debauch; +dishonor; ravish. + +Pol*lute", a. [L. pollutus.] Polluted. [R.] Milton. + +Pol*lut"ed, a. Defiled; made unclean or impure; debauched. -- +Pol*lut"ed*ly, adv. -- Pol*lut"ed*ness, n. + +Pol*lut"er (?), n. One who pollutes. Dryden. + +Pol*lut"ing, a. Adapted or tending to pollute; causing defilement or +pollution. -- Pol*lut"ing*ly, adv. + +Pol*lu"tion (?), n. [L. pollutio: cf. F. pollution.] 1. The act of +polluting, or the state of being polluted (in any sense of the verb); +defilement; uncleanness; impurity. + +2. (Med.) The emission of semen, or sperm, at other times than in +sexual intercourse. Dunglison. + +||Pol"lux (?), n. [L., the twin brother of castor; also, the +||constellation.] 1. (Astron.) A fixed star of the second magnitude, in +||the constellation Gemini. Cf. 3d Castor. + +2. (Min.) Same as Pollucite. + +Pol"ly (?), n. A woman's name; also, a popular name for a parrot. + +Pol"ly*wog (?), n. (Zoˆl.) A polliwig. + +Po"lo (?), n. [Of Eastern origin; -- properly, the ball used in the +game.] 1. A game of ball of Eastern origin, resembling hockey, with the +players on horseback. + +2. A similar game played on the ice, or on a prepared floor, by players +wearing skates. + +Po`lo*naise" (?), a. [F. polonais, polonaise, Polish.] Of or pertaining +to the Poles, or to Poland. [Written also Polonese.] + +Po`lo*naise" (?), n. [Written also Polonese and Polonoise.] 1. The +Polish language. + +2. An article of dress for women, consisting of a body and an outer +skirt in one piece. + +3. (Mus.) A stately Polish dance tune, in 3-4 measure, beginning always +on the beat with a quaver followed by a crotchet, and closing on the +beat after a strong accent on the second beat; also, a dance adapted to +such music; a polacca. + +Po`lo*nese" (?), a. & n. See Polonaise. + +Po*lo"ny (?), n. [Prob. corrupt. fr. Bologna.] A kind of sausage made +of meat partly cooked. + +Pol"ron (?), n. See Pauldron. + +Polt (?), n. [Cf. E. pelt, L. pultare to beat, strike.] A blow or +thump. Halliwell. -- a. Distorted. + +Pot foot, a distorted foot. Sir T. Herbert. + +{ Polt"-foot` (?), Polt"-foot`ed (?), } a. Having a distorted foot, or +a clubfoot or clubfeet. B. Jonson. + +Pol*troon" (?), n. [F. poltron, from It. poltrone an idle fellow, +sluggard, coward, poltro idle, lazy, also, bed, fr. OHG. polstar, +bolstar, cushion, G. polster, akin to E. bolster. See Bolster.] An +arrant coward; a dastard; a craven; a mean-spirited wretch. Shak. + +Pol*troon", a. Base; vile; contemptible; cowardly. + +Pol*troon"er*y (?), n. [F. poltronnerie; cf. It. poltroneria.] +Cowardice; want of spirit; pusillanimity. + +Pol*troon"ish, a. Resembling a poltroon; cowardly. + +Pol"ve*rine (?), n. [It. polverino, fr. polvere &?;ust, L. pulvis, - +veris. See Powder.] Glassmaker's ashes; a kind of potash or pearlash, +brought from the Levant and Syria, -- used in the manufacture of fine +glass. + +Pol"wig (?), n. (Zoˆl.) A polliwig. Holland. + +Pol"y- (?). [See Full, a.] A combining form or prefix from Gr. poly`s, +many; as, polygon, a figure of many angles; polyatomic, having many +atoms; polychord, polyconic. + +Po"ly (?), n. [L. polium, the name of a plant, perhaps Teucrium polium, +Gr. &?;.] (Bot.) A whitish woolly plant (Teucrium Polium) of the order +LabiatÊ, found throughout the Mediterranean region. The name, with +sundry prefixes, is sometimes given to other related species of the +same genus. [Spelt also poley.] + +Poly mountain. See Poly-mountain, in Vocabulary. + +Pol`y*ac"id (?), a. [Poly- + acid.] (Chem.) Capable of neutralizing, or +of combining with, several molecules of a monobasic acid; having more +than one hydrogen atom capable of being replaced by acid radicals; -- +said of certain bases; as, calcium hydrate and glycerin are polyacid +bases. + +Pol`y*a*cous"tic (?), a. [Poly- + acoustic: cf. F. polyacoustique.] +Multiplying or magnifying sound. -- n. A polyacoustic instrument. + +Pol`y*a*cous"tics (?), n. The art of multiplying or magnifying sounds. + +||Pol`y*a"cron (?), n.; pl. Polyacra (#), E. Polyacrons (#). [NL., fr. +||Gr. poly`s many + 'a`kron summit.] (Geom.) A solid having many +||summits or angular points; a polyhedron. + +||Pol`y*ac*tin"i*a (?), n. pl. [NL. See Poly-, and Actinia.] (Zoˆl.) An +||old name for those Anthozoa which, like the actinias, have numerous +||simple tentacles. + +||Pol`y*a*del"phi*a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. poly`s many + &?; +||brother.] (Bot.) A LinnÊan class of plants having stamens united in +||three or more bodies or bundles by the filaments. + +{ Pol`y*a*del"phi*an (?), Pol`y*a*del"phous (?), } a. (Bot.) Belonging +to the class Polyadelphia; having stamens united in three or more +bundles. + +||Pol`y*an"dri*a (?), n. pl. [NL. See Polyandry.] (Bot.) A LinnÊan +||class of monoclinous or hermaphrodite plants, having many stamens, or +||any number above twenty, inserted in the receptacle. + +Pol`y*an"dri*an (?), a. (Bot.) Polyandrous. + +Pol`y*an"dric (?), a. [Cf. polyandrique.] Pertaining to, or +characterized by, polyandry; mating with several males. "Polyandric +societies." H. Spencer. + +Pol`y*an"drous (?), a. (Bot.) Belonging to the class Polyandria; having +many stamens, or any number above twenty, inserted in the receptacle. + +Pol`y*an"dry (?), n. [Poly- + Gr. &?;, &?;, man, male: cf. F. +polyandrie.] The possession by a woman of more than one husband at the +same time; -- contrasted with monandry. + +In law, this falls under the head of polygamy. + +Pol`y*an"thus (?), n.; pl. Polyanthuses (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?; rich in +flowers; poly`s many + &?; flower.] [Written also polyanthos.] (Bot.) +(a) The oxlip. So called because the peduncle bears a many-flowered +umbel. See Oxlip. (b) A bulbous flowering plant of the genus Narcissus +(N. Tazetta, or N. polyanthus of some authors). See Illust. of +Narcissus. + +Pol"y*ar`chist (?), n. One who advocates polyarchy; -- opposed to +monarchist. Cudworth. + +Pol"y*ar`chy (?), n. [Poly- + -archy: cf. F. polyarchie. Cf. Polarchy.] +A government by many persons, of whatever order or class. Cudworth. + +Pol`y*a*tom"ic (?), a. [Poly- + atomic.] (Chem.) (a) Having more than +one atom in the molecule; consisting of several atoms. (b) Having a +valence greater than one. [Obs.] + +Pol`y*au*tog"ra*phy (?), n. [Poly- + autography.] The act or practice +of multiplying copies of one's own handwriting, or of manuscripts, by +printing from stone, -- a species of lithography. + +Pol`y*ba"sic (?), a. [Poly- + basic.] (Chem.) Capable of neutralizing, +or of combining with, several molecules of a monacid base; having +several hydrogen atoms capable of being replaced by basic radicals; -- +said of certain acids; as, sulphuric acid is polybasic. + +Pol`y*ba"site (?), n. [See Polybasic.] (Min.) An iron-black ore of +silver, consisting of silver, sulphur, and antimony, with some copper +and arsenic. + +||Pol`y*bran"chi*a (?), n. pl. [NL. See Poly-, and Branchia.] (Zoˆl.) A +||division of Nudibranchiata including those which have numerous +||branchiÊ on the back. + +Pol`y*bro"mide (?), n. [Poly- + bromide.] (Chem.) A bromide containing +more than one atom of bromine in the molecule. + +Pol`y*car"pel*la*ry (?), a. (Bot.) Composed of several or numerous +carpels; -- said of such fruits as the orange. + +{ Pol`y*car"pic (?), Pol`y*car"pous (?), } a. [Poly- + Gr. &?; fruit.] +(Bot.) (a) Bearing fruit repeatedly, or year after year. (b) Having +several pistils in one flower. + +||Pol`y*chÊ"ta (?), n. pl. [NL., from Gr. poly`s many + &?; hair.] +||(Zoˆl.) One of the two principal groups of ChÊtopoda. It includes +||those that have prominent parapodia and fascicles of setÊ. See +||Illust. under Parapodia. + +Pol`y*chlo"ride (?), n. [Poly- + chloride.] (Chem.) A chloride +containing more than one atom of chlorine in the molecule. + +Pol`y*chúr"a*ny (?), n. [Gr. &?;, fr. &?; wide-ruling.] A government by +many chiefs, princes, or rules. [Obs.] Cudworth. + +Pol"y*chord (?), a. [Gr. &?;; poly`s many + &?; string, cord.] Having +many strings. + +Pol"y*chord, n. (Mus.) (a) A musical instrument of ten strings. (b) An +apparatus for coupling two octave notes, capable of being attached to a +keyed instrument. + +Pol"y*chrest (?), n. [Gr. &?; useful for many purposes; poly`s many + +&?; useful, fr. &?; to use: cf. F. polychreste.] (Med.) A medicine that +serves for many uses, or that cures many diseases. [Obs.] + +Polychrest salt (Old Med. Chem.), potassium sulphate, specifically +obtained by fusing niter with sulphur. + +Pol"y*chro*ism (?), n. [Poly- + Gr. &?; color.] Same as Pleochroism. + +Pol"y*chro*ite (?), n. [Poly- + Gr. &?; color: cf. F. polychroÔte.] +(Chem.) The coloring matter of saffron; -- formerly so called because +of the change of color on treatment with certain acids; -- called also +crocin, and safranin. + +Pol`y*chro"mate (?), n. [See Polychromic.] (Chem.) A salt of a +polychromic acid. + +Pol`y*chro"mate, n. [See Polychromatic.] (Chem.) A compound which +exhibits, or from which may be prepared, a variety of colors, as +certain solutions derived from vegetables, which display colors by +fluorescence. + +Pol`y*chro*mat"ic (?), a. [Poly- + chromatic.] Showing a variety, or a +change, of colors. + +Polychromatic acid (Old Chem.), a substance obtained by the action of +nitric acid on aloes. + +Pol"y*chrome (?), n. [Poly- + Gr. &?; color.] (Chem.) Esculin; -- so +called in allusion to its fluorescent solutions. [R.] + +Pol"y*chrome, a. [Cf. F. polychrome.] Executed in the manner of +polychromy; as, polychrome printing. + +Pol`y*chro"mic (?), a. [Poly- + (sense 1) Gr. &?;, or (sense 2) +chromic.] 1. Polychromatic. + +2. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, any one of several acids +(known only in their salts) which contain more than one atom of +chromium. + +Pol`y*chro"mous (?), a. Of or pertaining to polychromy; many-colored; +polychromatic. + +Pol"y*chro`my (?), n. [Poly- + Gr. &?; color.] (Anc. Art) The art or +practice of combining different colors, especially brilliant ones, in +an artistic way. + +Pol`y*chro"ni*ous (?), a. [Poly- + Gr. &?; for a long time, &?; time.] +Enduring through a long time; chronic. + +Pol`y*clin"ic (?), n. [Poly- + clinic.] (Med.) A clinic in which +diseases of many sorts are treated; especially, an institution in which +clinical instruction is given in all kinds of disease. + +Pol`y*con"ic (?), a. [Poly- + conic.] Pertaining to, or based upon, +many cones. + +Polyconic projection (Map Making), a projection of the earth's surface, +or any portion thereof, by which each narrow zone is projected upon a +conical surface that touches the sphere along this zone, the conical +surface being then unrolled. This projection differs from conic +projection in that latter assumes but one cone for the whole map. +Polyconic projection is that in use in the United States coast and +geodetic survey. + +Pol`y*cot`y*le"don (?), n. [Poly- + cotyledon: cf. F. polycotylÈdone.] +(Bot.) A plant that has many, or more than two, cotyledons in the seed. +-- Pol`y*cot`y*led"on*ous (#), a. + +Pol`y*cot`y*led"on*a*ry (?), a. [Poly- + cotyledonary.] (Anat.) Having +the villi of the placenta collected into definite patches, or +cotyledons. + +Po*lyc"ra*cy (?), n. [Poly- + -cracy, as in democracy.] Government by +many rulers; polyarchy. + +<! p. 1110 !> + +Pol`y*crot"ic (pl`*krt"k), a. [Poly- + Gr. krotei^n to beat.] +(Physiol.) Of or pertaining to polycrotism; manifesting polycrotism; +as, a polycrotic pulse; a polycrotic pulse curve. + +Po*lyc"ro*tism (?), n. (Physiol.) That state or condition of the pulse +in which the pulse curve, or sphygmogram, shows several secondary +crests or elevations; -- contrasted with monocrotism and dicrotism. + +Pol`y*cys"tid (?), n. (Zoˆl.) (a) One of the Polycystidea. (b) One of +the Polycystina. -- a. Pertaining to the Polycystidea, or the +Polycystina. + +||Pol`y*cys*tid"e*a (?), n. pl. [NL. See Poly-, and Cystidea.] (Zoˆl.) +||A division of GregarinÊ including those that have two or more +||internal divisions of the body. + +||Pol`y*cys*ti"na (?), n. pl. [NL. See Poly-, and Cyst.] (Zoˆl.) A +||division of Radiolaria including numerous minute marine species. The +||skeleton is composed of silica, and is often very elegant in form and +||sculpture. Many have been found in the fossil state. + +Pol`y*cys"tine (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Pertaining to the Polycystina. -- n. One +of the Polycystina. + +||Pol`y*cyt*ta"ri*a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. poly`s many + &?;, dim. +||fr. &?; a hollow vessel.] (Zoˆl.) A division of Radiolaria. It +||includes those having one more central capsules. + +Pol`y*dac"tyl*ism (?), n. [Poly- + Gr. &?; finger: cf. F. +polydactylisme.] (Anat.) The possession of more that the normal number +of digits. + +||Pol`y*dip"si*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. poly`s much + &?; thirst.] +||(Med.) Excessive and constant thirst occasioned by disease. + +Pol`y*e"dron (?), n. See Polyhedron. + +Pol`y*e"drous (?), a. See Polyhedral. + +Pol`y*ei"dic (?), a. [Poly- + Gr. &?; form.] (Zoˆl.) Passing through +several distinct larval forms; -- having several distinct kinds of +young. + +Pol`y*ei"dism (?), n. (Zoˆl.) The quality or state of being polyeidic. + +Pol`y*em"bry*o*nate (?), a. [Poly- + embryonate.] (Bot.) Consisting +of, or having, several embryos; polyembryonic. + +Pol`y*em`bry*on"ic (?), a. [Poly- + embryonic.] (Bot.) Polyembryonate. + +Pol`y*em"bry*o*ny (?), n. [See Poly- , and Embryo.] (Bot.) The +production of two or more embryos in one seed, due either to the +existence and fertilization of more than one embryonic sac or to the +origination of embryos outside of the embryonic sac. + +Pol"y*foil (?), n. [Poly- + foil, n.] (Arch.) Same as Multifoil. + +||Po*lyg"a*la (?), n. [L., milkwort, fr. Gr. &?;; poly`s much + &?; +||milk.] A genus of bitter herbs or shrubs having eight stamens and a +||two-celled ovary (as the Seneca snakeroot, the flowering wintergreen, +||etc.); milkwort. + +Pol`y*ga*la"ceous (?), a. Of or pertaining to a natural order of plants +(PolygalaceÊ) of which Polygala is the type. + +Po*lyg"a*lic (?), a. (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or obtained from, +Polygala; specifically, designating an acrid glucoside (called +polygalic acid, senegin, etc.), resembling, or possibly identical with, +saponin. + +||Pol`y*ga"mi*a (?), n. pl. [NL. See Polygamous.] (Bot.) (a) A LinnÊan +||class of plants, characterized by having both hermaphrodite and +||unisexual flowers on the same plant. (b) A name given by LinnÊus to +||file orders of plants having syngenesious flowers. + +Pol`y*ga"mi*an (?), a. (Bot.) Polygamous. + +Po*lyg"a*mist (?), n. [Cf. F. polygamiste, polygame, Gr. &?;, a.] One +who practices polygamy, or maintains its lawfulness. + +Po*lyg"a*mize (?), v. i. To practice polygamy; to marry several wives. +Sylvester. Coleridge. + +Po*lyg"a*mous (?), a. [Gr. &?; living &?; polygamy; poly`s many + &?; +marriage. Cf. Bigamy.] + +1. Of or pertaining to polygamy; characterized by, or involving, +polygamy; having a plurality of wives; as, polygamous marriages; -- +opposed to monogamous. + +2. (Zoˆl.) Pairing with more than one female. + + Most deer, cattle, and sheep are polygamous. + + +Darwin. + +3. (Bot.) Belonging to the Polygamia; bearing both hermaphrodite and +unisexual flowers on the same plant. + +Po*lyg"a*my (?), n. [Gr. &?;; cf. F. polygamie.] 1. The having of a +plurality of wives or husbands at the same time; usually, the marriage +of a man to more than one woman, or the practice of having several +wives, at the same time; -- opposed to monogamy; as, the nations of the +East practiced polygamy. See the Note under Bigamy, and cf. Polyandry. + +2. (Zoˆl.) The state or habit of having more than one mate. + +3. (Bot.) The condition or state of a plant which bears both perfect +and unisexual flowers. + +Pol`y*gas"tri*an (pl`*gs"tr*an), n. (Zoˆl.) One of the Polygastrica. +[Obs.] + +Pol`y*gas"tric (-trk), a. [Poly- + gastric: cf. F. polygastrique.] 1. +(Anat.) Having several bellies; -- applied to muscles which are made up +of several bellies separated by short tendons. + +2. (Zoˆl.) Pertaining to the Polygastrica. [Obs.] + +Pol`y*gas"tric (pl`*gs"trk), n. (Zoˆl.) One of the Polygastrica. + +||Pol`y*gas"tri*ca (-tr*k), n. pl. [NL. So called because they were +||supposed to have several stomachs, or digestive cavities.] (Zoˆl.) +||The Infusoria. [Obs.] + +{ Pol`y*gen"e*sis (-jn"*ss), Po*lyg"e*ny (p*lj"*n), } n. [Poly- + +genesis, or root of Gr. gi`gnesqai to be born.] (Biol.) The theory that +living organisms originate in cells or embryos of different kinds, +instead of coming from a single cell; -- opposed to monogenesis. + +Pol`y*ge*net"ic (?), a. 1. Having many distinct sources; originating at +various places or times. + +2. (Biol.) Of or pertaining to polygenesis; polyphyletic. + +Polygenetic mountain range (Geol.), one which is composite, or consists +of two or more monogenetic ranges, each having had its own history of +development. Dana. + +Pol`y*gen"ic (-jn"k), a. (Biol.) Of or relating to polygeny; +polygenetic. + +Po*lyg"e*nism (p*lj"*nz'm), n. [Cf. F. polygÈnisme.] (Biol.) The +doctrine that animals of the same species have sprung from more than +one original pair. + +Po*lyg"e*nist (-nst), n. (Biol.) One who maintains that animals of the +same species have sprung from more than one original pair; -- opposed +to monogenist. + +Po*lyg"e*nous (?), a. [Poly- + -genous: cf. Gr. &?; of many families.] +Consisting of, or containing, many kinds; as, a polygenous mountain. +Kirwan. + +Pol"y*glot (?), a. [Gr. poly`glwttos many-tongued; poly`s many + +glw^tta, glw^ssa, tongue, language: cf. F. polyglotte.] 1. Containing, +or made up, of, several languages; as, a polyglot lexicon, Bible. + +2. Versed in, or speaking, many languages. + +Pol"y*glot, n. 1. One who speaks several languages. [R.] "A polyglot, +or good linguist." Howell. + +2. A book containing several versions of the same text, or containing +the same subject matter in several languages; esp., the Scriptures in +several languages. + + Enriched by the publication of polyglots. + + +Abp. Newcome. + +Pol`y*glot"tous (?), a. [See Polyglot.] Speaking many languages; +polyglot. [R.] "The polyglottous tribes of America." Max M¸ller. + +Pol"y*gon (?), n. [Gr. poly`gwnos polygonal; poly`s many + gwni`a +angle: cf. F. polygone.] (Geom.) A plane figure having many angles, and +consequently many sides; esp., one whose perimeter consists of more +than four sides; any figure having many angles. + +Polygon of forces (Mech.), a polygonal figure, the sides of which, +taken successively, represent, in length and direction, several forces +acting simultaneously upon one point, so that the side necessary to +complete the figure represents the resultant of those forces. Cf. +Parallelogram of forces, under Parallelogram. + +Pol`y*go*na"ceous (?), a. [See Polygonum.] (Bot.) Of or pertaining to a +natural order of apetalous plants (PolygonaceÊ), of which the knotweeds +(species of Polygonum) are the type, and which includes also the docks +(Rumex), the buckwheat, rhubarb, sea grape (Coccoloba), and several +other genera. + +Po*lyg"o*nal (?), a. Having many angles. + +Polygonal numbers, certain figurate numbers. See under Figurate. + +Pol`y*go*neu"tic (?), a. [Poly- + Gr. &?; offspring.] (Zoˆl.) Having +two or more broods in a season. + +Pol`y*go*nom"e*try (?), n. [Polygon + -metry.] The doctrine of +polygons; an extension of some of the principles of trigonometry to the +case of polygons. + +Po*lyg"o*nous (?), a. Polygonal. + +||Po*lyg"o*num (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a kind of plant; poly`s many + +||go`ny the knee, a joint of a plant. So called in allusion to the +||numerous joints.] (Bot.) A genus of plants embracing a large number +||of species, including bistort, knotweed, smartweed, etc. + +Po*lyg"o*ny (?), n. (Bot.) Any plant of the genus Polygonum. + +||Pol`y*gor"di*us (?), n. [NL. See Poly-, and Gordius.] (Zoˆl.) A genus +||of marine annelids, believed to be an ancient or ancestral type. It +||is remarkable for its simplicity of structure and want of parapodia. +||It is the type of the order Archiannelida, or Gymnotoma. See Loeven's +||larva. + +Pol"y*gram (?), n. [Gr. &?; marked with many stripes; poly`s many + &?; +a line.] A figure consisting of many lines. [R.] Barlow. + +Pol"y*graph (?), n. [Gr. &?; writing much; poly`s much, many + &?; to +write: cf. F. polygraphe.] 1. An instrument for multiplying copies of a +writing; a manifold writer; a copying machine. + +2. In bibliography, a collection of different works, either by one or +several authors. Brande & C. + +{ Pol`y*graph"ic (?), Pol`y*graph"ic*al (?), } a. [Cf. F. +polygraphique.] Pertaining to, or employed in, polygraphy; as, a +polygraphic instrument. + +2. Done with a polygraph; as, a polygraphic copy. + +Po*lyg"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr. &?;; poly`s much + gra`fein to write: cf. F. +polygraphie.] 1. Much writing; writing of many books. [Obs.] Fuller. + +2. The art of writing in various ciphers, and of deciphering the same. +[R.] + +3. The art or practice of using a polygraph. + +Pol"y*grooved` (?), a. [Poly- + groove.] Having many grooves; as, a +polygrooved rifle or gun (referring to the rifling). + +Pol"y*gyn (?), n. [Cf. F. polygyne. See Polygyny.] (Bot.) A plant of +the order Polygynia. + +||Pol`y*gyn"i*a (?), n. pl. [NL. See Polygyny.] (Bot.) A LinnÊan order +||of plants having many styles. + +{ Pol`y*gyn"i*an (?), Po*lyg"y*nous (?), } a. (Bot.) Having many +styles; belonging to the order Polygynia. + +Po*lyg"y*nist (?), n. One who practices or advocates polygyny. H. +Spenser. + +Po*lyg"y*ny (?), n. [Poly- + Gr. &?; woman, wife.] The state or +practice of having several wives at the same time; marriage to several +wives. H. Spenser. + +Pol`y*ha"lite (?), n. [Poly- + Gr. &?; salt.] (Min.) A mineral usually +occurring in fibrous masses, of a brick-red color, being tinged with +iron, and consisting chiefly of the sulphates of lime, magnesia, and +soda. + +{ Pol`y*he"dral (?), Pol`y*hed"ric*al (?), } a. [See Polyhedron.] +(Geom.) Having many sides, as a solid body. + +Polyhedral angle, an angle bounded by three or more plane angles having +a common vertex. + +Pol`y*he"dron (?), n.; pl. E. Polyhedrons. (#), L. Polyhedra (#). [NL., +fr. Gr. &?; with many seats or sides; poly`s many + &?; a seat or side: +cf. F. polyËdre.] 1. (Geom.) A body or solid contained by many sides or +planes. + +2. (Opt.) A polyscope, or multiplying glass. + +Pol`y*he"drous (?), a. Polyhedral. + +Pol`y*his"tor (?), n. [Gr. &?; very learned.] One versed in various +learning. [R.] + +Pol`y*hym"ni*a (?), n. [L., from Gr. &?;; poly`s many + &?; hymn.] +(Anc. Myth.) The Muse of lyric poetry. + +Pol`y*i"o*dide (?), n. (Chem.) A iodide having more than one atom of +iodine in the molecule. + +Po*lyl"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. &?;; poly`s much + &?; discourse.] +Talkativeness. [R.] + +Po*lyl"o*quent (?), a. [Poly- + L. loquens, p. pr. of logui to speak.] +Garrulous; loquacious. [R.] + +Pol`y*mas"tism (?), n. [Poly- + Gr. &?; a breast.] (Anat.) The +condition of having more than two mammÊ, or breasts. + +Pol`y*math"ic (?), a. [Cf. F. polymathique. See Polymathy.] Pertaining +to polymathy; acquainted with many branches of learning. + +Po*lym"a*thist (?), n. One versed in many sciences; a person of various +learning. + +Po*lym"a*thy (?), n. [Gr. &?;; poly`s much + &?;, &?;, to learn.] The +knowledge of many arts and sciences; variety of learning. Johnson. + +Pol`y*me*nis"cous (?), a. [See Poly- , and Meniscus.] (Zoˆl.) Having +numerous facets; -- said of the compound eyes of insects and +crustaceans. + +Pol"y*mer (?), n. [See Polymeric.] (Chem.) Any one of two or more +substances related to each other by polymerism; specifically, a +substance produced from another substance by chemical polymerization. +[Formerly also written polymere.] + +Pol`y*mer"ic (?), a. [Poly- + Gr. &?; part.] (Chem.) Having the same +percentage composition (that is, having the same elements united in the +same proportion by weight), but different molecular weights; -- often +used with with; thus, cyanic acid (CNOH), fulminic acid (C2N2O2H2), and +cyanuric acid (C3N3O3H3), are polymeric with each other. + +The figures expressing the number of atoms of each element in a number +of polymeric substances are respectively multiples and factors of each +other, or have some simple common divisor. The relation may be merely a +numerical one, as in the example given above, or a chemical one, as in +the case of aldehyde, paraldehyde, and metaldehyde. + +Po*lym"er*ism (?), n. (Chem.) (a) The state, quality, or relation of +two or more polymeric substances. (b) The act or process of forming +polymers. + +Pol`y*mer`i*za"tion (?), n. (Chem.) The act or process of changing to a +polymeric form; the condition resulting from such change. + +Pol"y*mer*ize (?), v. t. (Chem.) To cause polymerization of; to produce +polymers from; to increase the molecular weight of, without changing +the atomic proportions; thus, certain acids polymerize aldehyde. + +Pol"y*mer*ize, v. i. (Chem.) To change into another substance having +the same atomic proportions, but a higher molecular weight; to undergo +polymerization; thus, aldehyde polymerizes in forming paraldehyde. + +Po*lym"er*ous (?), a. 1. (Bot.) Having many parts or members in each +set. Gray. + +2. (Chem.) Polymeric. [Obs.] + +Po*lym"ni*a (?), n. See Polyhymnia. + +Pol"ym*nite (?), n. [Gr. &?; full of moss; poly`s much + &?; moss.] +(Min.) A stone marked with dendrites and black lines, and so disposed +as to represent rivers, marshes, etc. + +Pol"y*morph (?), n. [Gr. &?; multiform; poly`s many + &?; form: cf. F. +polymorphe.] (Crystallog.) A substance capable of crystallizing in +several distinct forms; also, any one of these forms. Cf. Allomorph. + +Pol`y*mor"phic (?), a. Polymorphous. + +Pol`y*mor"phism (?), n. 1. (Crystallog.) Same as Pleomorphism. + +2. (Biol.) (a) The capability of assuming different forms; the +capability of widely varying in form. (b) Existence in many forms; the +coexistence, in the same locality, of two or more distinct forms +independent of sex, not connected by intermediate gradations, but +produced from common parents. + +||Pol`y*mor*pho"sis (?), n. [NL. See Poly-, and Morphosis.] (Zoˆl.) The +||assumption of several structural forms without a corresponding +||difference in function; -- said of sponges, etc. + +Pol`y*mor"phous (?), a. 1. Having, or assuming, a variety of forms, +characters, or styles; as, a polymorphous author. De Quincey. + +2. (Biol.) Having, or occurring in, several distinct forms; -- opposed +to monomorphic. + +<! p. 1111 !> + +Pol"y*mor`phy (?), n. Existence in many forms; polymorphism. + +Po`ly-moun"tain (?), n. (Bot.) (a) Same as Poly, n. (b) The closely +related Teucrium montanum, formerly called Polium montanum, a plant of +Southern Europe. (c) The Bartsia alpina, a low purple-flowered herb of +Europe. + +||Pol`y*my"o*dÊ (?), n. pl. [NL. See Polymyoid.] (Zoˆl.) Same as +||Oscines. + +Pol`y*my"o*dous (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Polymyoid. + +Po*lym"y*oid (?), a. [Poly- + Gr. &?;, &?;, muscle + -oid.] (Zoˆl.) +Having numerous vocal muscles; of or pertaining to the PolymyodÊ. + +Pol"y*neme (?), n. [Poly- + Gr. &?; thread.] (Zoˆl.) Any one of +numerous species of tropical food fishes of the family PolynemidÊ. They +have several slender filaments, often very long, below the pectoral +fin. Some of them yield isinglass of good quality. Called also +threadfish. + +Pol`y*ne"moid (?), a. [Polyneme + -oid.] (Zoˆl.) Of or pertaining to +the polynemes, or the family PolynemidÊ. + +Pol`y*ne"sian (?), a. Of or pertaining to Polynesia (the islands of the +eastern and central Pacific), or to the Polynesians. + +Pol`y*ne"sians (?), n. pl.; sing. Polynesian. (Ethnol.) The race of men +native in Polynesia. + +Po*lyn"i*a (?), n. [Russ. poluineia a warm place in water, i. e., a +place which does not freeze.] The open sea supposed to surround the +north pole. Kane. + +Pol`y*no"mi*al (?), n. [Poly- + -nomial, as in monomial, binomial: cf. +F. polynÙme.] (Alg.) An expression composed of two or more terms, +connected by the signs plus or minus; as, a2 - 2ab + b2. + +Pol`y*no"mi*al, a. 1. Containing many names or terms; multinominal; as, +the polynomial theorem. + +2. Consisting of two or more words; having names consisting of two or +more words; as, a polynomial name; polynomial nomenclature. + +Pol`y*nu"cle*ar (?), a. [Poly- + nuclear.] (Biol.) Containing many +nuclei. + +Pol`y*nu*cle"o*lar (?), a. [Poly- + nucleolar.] (Biol.) Having more +than one nucleolus. + +Pol`y*om"ma*tous (?), a. [Poly- + Gr. &?;, &?;, the eye.] Having many +eyes. + +Pol`y*on"o*mous (?), a. [Poly- + Gr. &?;, &?;, name: cf. Gr. &?;.] +Having many names or titles; polyonymous. Sir W. Jones. + +Pol`y*on"o*my (?), n. [Cf. Gr. &?; a multitude of names.] The use of a +variety of names for the same object. G. S. Faber. + +Pol"y*o*nym (?), n. 1. An object which has a variety of names. + +2. A polynomial name or term. + +Pol`y*on"y*mous, a. Polyonomous. + +{ Pol`y*op"tron (?), Pol`y*op"trum (?), } n. [NL., from Gr. poly`s many ++ &?; seen.] (Opt.) A glass through which objects appear multiplied, +but diminished in size. [R.] + +Pol`y*o*ra"ma (?), n. [Poly- + Gr. &?; a sight, view.] A view of many +objects; also, a sort of panorama with dissolving views. + +Pol"yp (?), n. [L. polypus, Gr. &?;, &?;, literally, many-footed; +poly`s many + &?;, &?;, foot: cf. F. polype. See Poly- and Foot, and +cf. Polypode, Polypody, Poulp.] (Zoˆl.) (a) One of the feeding or +nutritive zooids of a hydroid or coral. (b) One of the Anthozoa. (c) +pl. Same as Anthozoa. See Anthozoa, Madreporaria, Hydroid. [Written +also polype.] + +Fresh-water polyp, the hydra. -- Polyp stem (Zoˆl.), that portion of +the stem of a siphonophore which bears the polypites, or feeding +zooids. + +Po*lyp"a*rous (?), a. [Poly- + L. parere to produce.] Producing or +bearing a great number; bringing forth many. + +Pol"y*pa*ry (?), n.; pl. Polyparies (#). [See Polyp.] (Zoˆl.) Same as +Polypidom. + +Pol"ype (?), n. [F.] (Zoˆl.) See Polyp. + +Pol`y*pe"an (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Of or pertaining to a polyp, or polyps. + +Pol`y*pe*ryth"rin (?), n. [Polyp + Gr. &?; red.] (Physiol. Chem.) A +coloring matter found in many simple Anthozoa and some hydroids. + +Pol`y*pet"al*ous (?), a. [Poly- + petal.] (Bot.) Consisting of, or +having, several or many separate petals; as, a polypetalous corolla, +flower, or plant. Martyn. + +Po*lyph"a*gous (?), a. [L. polyphagus, Gr. &?;; poly`s much, many + &?; +to eat: cf. F. polyphage.] Eating, or subsisting on, many kinds of +food; as, polyphagous animals. + +Po*lyph""a*gy (?), n. The practice or faculty of subsisting on many +kinds of food. + +Pol`y*phar"ma*cy (?), n. [Poly- + Gr. &?; the using of medicine, fr. +&?; medicine: cf. F. polypharmacie.] (Med.) (a) The act or practice of +prescribing too many medicines. (b) A prescription made up of many +medicines or ingredients. Dunglison. + +Pol`y*phe"mus (?), n. [L. Polyphemus the one-eyed Cyclops who was +blinded by Ulysses.] (Zoˆl.) A very large American moth (Telea +polyphemus) belonging to the Silkworm family (BombycidÊ). Its larva, +which is very large, bright green, with silvery tubercles, and with +oblique white stripes on the sides, feeds on the oak, chestnut, willow, +cherry, apple, and other trees. It produces a large amount of strong +silk. Called also American silkworm. + +Pol"y*phone (?), n. A character or vocal sign representing more than +one sound, as read, which is pronounced rd or rd. + +Pol`y*phon"ic (?), a. [Gr. &?;; poly`s many + &?; sound: cf. F. +polyphone.] 1. Having a multiplicity of sounds. + +2. Characterized by polyphony; as, Assyrian polyphonic characters. + +3. (Mus.) Consisting of several tone series, or melodic parts, +progressing simultaneously according to the laws of counterpoint; +contrapuntal; as, a polyphonic composition; -- opposed to homophonic, +or monodic. + +Po*lyph"o*nism (?), n. Polyphony. + +Po*lyph"o*nist (?), n. 1. A proficient in the art of multiplying +sounds; a ventriloquist. + +2. (Mus.) A master of polyphony; a contrapuntist. + +Po*lyph"o*nous (?), a. Same as Polyphonic. + +Po*lyph"o*ny (?), n. [Gr. &?;.] 1. Multiplicity of sounds, as in the +reverberations of an echo. + +2. Plurality of sounds and articulations expressed by the same vocal +sign. + +3. (Mus.) Composition in mutually related, equally important parts +which share the melody among them; contrapuntal composition; -- opposed +to homophony, in which the melody is given to one part only, the others +filling out the harmony. See Counterpoint. + +Pol"y*phore (?), n. [Poly- + Gr. &?; to bear.] (Bot.) A receptacle +which bears many ovaries. + +Pol`y*phy*let"ic (?), a. [Poly- + Gr. &?; clan.] (Biol.) Pertaining to, +or characterized by, descent from more than one root form, or from many +different root forms; polygenetic; -- opposed to monophyletic. + +Po*lyph"yl*lous (?), a. [Gr. &?;; poly`s many + &?; leaf.] (Bot.) +Many-leaved; as, a polyphyllous calyx or perianth. + +||Pol"y*pi (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zoˆl.) The Anthozoa. + +Pol"y*pide (?), n. (Zoˆl.) One of the ordinary zooids of the Bryozoa. +[Spellt also polypid.] + +Po*lyp"i*dom (?), n. [Polypus + L. domus house.] (Zoˆl.) A coral, or +corallum; also, one of the coral-like structure made by bryozoans and +hydroids. + +||Po`ly`pier" (?), n. [F.] A polypidom. + +||Pol`y*pif"e*ra (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zoˆl.) The Anthozoa. + +Pol*y*pif"er*ous (?), a. [Polypus + -ferous.] (Zoˆl.) Bearing polyps, +or polypites. + +Pol`y*pip"a*rous (?), a. [Polypus + L. parere to produce.] (Zoˆl.) +Producing polyps. + +Pol"y*pite (?), n. 1. (Zoˆl.) (a) One of the feeding zooids, or polyps, +of a coral, hydroid, or siphonophore; a hydranth. See Illust. of +Campanularian. (b) Sometimes, the manubrium of a hydroid medusa. + +2. (Paleon.) A fossil coral. + +||Pol`y*pla*coph"o*ra (?), n. pl. [NL. See Poly-, and Placophora.] +||(Zoˆl.) See Placophora. + +Pol`y*plas"tic (?), a. [Poly- + -plastic.] (Biol.) Assuming, or having +the power of assuming, many forms; as, a polyplastic element which does +not preserve its original shape. + +Pol`y*pode (?), n. [Cf. F. polypode. See Polypody.] (Bot.) A plant of +the genus Polypodium; polypody. [Written also polypod.] + +Pol"y*pode, n. [Gr. &?;, &?;, the wood louse, milleped: cf. F. +polypode. See Polyp.] (Zoˆl.) An animal having many feet; a myriapod. + +Pol"y*po`di*um (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?;, dim. of &?;. See Polyp, and +cf. 2d Polypode.] (Bot.) A genus of plants of the order Filices or +ferns. The fructifications are in uncovered roundish points, called +sori, scattered over the inferior surface of the frond or leaf. There +are numerous species. + +Pol"y*po`dy (?), n. (Bot.) Any plant of the genus Polypodium. + +Pol"y*poid (?), a. [Polyp + - oid.] 1. (Zoˆl.) Like a polyp; having the +nature of a polyp, but lacking the tentacles or other parts. + +2. (Med.) Resembling a polypus in appearance; having a character like +that of a polypus. + +||Pol`y*po*me*du"sÊ (?), n. pl. [NL. See Polyp, and Medusa.] (Zoˆl.) +||Same as Hydrozoa. + +Po*lyp"o*rous (?; 277), a. [Poly- + porous.] Having many pores. Wright. + +||Po*lyp"o*rus (?), n.; pl. Polypori (#). [NL., fr. Gr. poly`s many + +||&?; a pore.] (Bot.) A genus of fungi having the under surface full of +||minute pores; also, any fungus of this genus. + +Polyporus fomentarius was formerly dried and cut in slices for tinder, +called amadou. P. betulinus is common in America, and forms very large +thick white semicircular excrescences on birch trees. Several species +of Polyporous are considered edible. + +Pol"y*pous (?), a. [Cf. F. polypeux. See Polyp.] Of the nature of a +polypus; having many feet or roots, like the polypus; affected with +polypus. + +{ Pol`y*prag*mat"ic (?), Pol`y*prag*mat"ic*al (?), } a. [Poly- + +pragmatic, - ical.] Overbusy; officious. [R.] Heywood. + +Pol`y*prag"ma*ty (?), n. [Poly- + Gr. &?; business.] The state of being +overbusy. [R.] + +||Pol`y*pro`to*don"ta (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. poly`s many + &?; first +||+ &?;, &?;, tooth.] (Zoˆl.) A division of marsupials in which there +||are more fore incisor teeth in each jaw. + +||Po*lyp`te*roi"de*i (?), n. pl. [NL. See Polypterus, and -oid.] +||(Zoˆl.) A suborder of existing ganoid fishes having numerous fins +||along the back. The bichir, or Polypterus, is the type. See Illust. +||under Crossopterygian. + +Po*lyp`te*rus (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. poly`s many + &?; feather, wing.] +(Zoˆl.) An African genus of ganoid fishes including the bichir. + +||Pol`yp*to"ton (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?; having, or being in, many +||cases; poly`s many + &?; case.] (Rhet.) A figure by which a word is +||repeated in different forms, cases, numbers, genders, etc., as in +||Tennyson's line, -- "My own heart's heart, and ownest own, farewell." + +Pol"y*pus (?), n.; pl. E. Polypuses (#), L. Polypi (#). [L. See Polyp.] +1. (Zoˆl.) Same as Polyp. + +2. (Med.) A tumor, usually with a narrow base, somewhat resembling a +pear, -- found in the nose, uterus, etc., and produced by hypertrophy +of some portion of the mucous membrane. + +Pol`y*rhi"zous (?), a. [Gr. &?;; poly`s many + &?; root.] (Bot.) Having +numerous roots, or rootlets. + +Pol`y*sche"ma*tist (?), a. [Poly- + Gr. &?; form, manner.] Having, or +existing in, many different forms or fashions; multiform. + +Pol"y*scope (?), n. [Gr. &?; farseeing; poly`s much, many + &?; to +view: cf. F. polyscope.] 1. (Opt.) A glass which makes a single object +appear as many; a multiplying glass. Hutton. + +2. (Med.) An apparatus for affording a view of the different cavities +of the body. + +Pol`y*sep"al*ous (?), a. [Poly- + sepal.] (Bot.) Having the sepals +separate from each other. + +Pol`y*si*lic"ic (?), a. [Poly- + silicic.] (Chem.) Of or pertaining to +compounds formed by the condensation of two or more molecules of +silicic acid. + +Polysilicic acid (Chem.), any one of a series of acids formed by the +condensation of two or more molecules of silicic acid, with elimination +of water. + +Pol"y*spast (?), n. [L. polyspaston, fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?; drawn by +several cords; poly`s many + &?; to draw: cf. F. polyspaste.] (Surg.) A +machine consisting of many pulleys; specifically, an apparatus formerly +used for reducing luxations. + +Pol`y*sper"mous (?), a. [Gr. &?;; poly`s many + &?; seed.] (Bot.) +Containing many seeds; as, a polyspermous capsule or berry. Martyn. + +Pol"y*sper`my (?), n. (Biol.) Fullness of sperm, or seed; the passage +of more than one spermatozoˆn into the vitellus in the impregnation of +the ovum. + +Pol`y*spor"ous (?), a. [Poly- + spore.] (Bot.) Containing many spores. + +||Pol`y*stom"a*ta (?), n. pl. [NL., from Gr. poly`s many + &?;, &?;, +||mouth.] (Zoˆl.) A division of trematode worms having more two +||suckers. Called also Polystomea and Polystoma. + +Pol"y*stome (?), a. [Gr. &?; many- mouthed; poly`s + sto`ma mouth.] +(Zoˆl.) Having many mouths. + +Pol"y*stome, n. (Zoˆl.) An animal having many mouths; -- applied to +Protozoa. + +Pol"y*style (?), a. [Gr. &?; with many columns; poly`s many + &?; +column: cf. F. polystyle.] (Arch.) Having many columns; -- said of a +building, especially of an interior part or court; as, a polystyle +hall. -- n. A polystyle hall or edifice. + +Pol`y*sul"phide (?), n. [Poly- + sulphide.] (Chem.) A sulphide having +more than one atom of sulphur in the molecule; -- contrasted with +monosulphide. + +Pol`y*sul"phu*ret (?), n. (Chem.) A polysulphide. [Obsoles.] + +{ Pol`y*syl*lab"ic (?), Pol`y*syl*lab"ic*al (?), } a. [Gr. &?;; poly`s +many + &?; syllable: cf. F. polysyllabique.] Pertaining to a +polysyllable; containing, or characterized by, polysyllables; +consisting of more than three syllables. + +Pol`y*syl*lab"i*cism (?), n. Polysyllabism. + +Pol`y*syl`la*bic"i*ty (?), n. Polysyllabism. + +Pol`y*syl"la*bism (?), n. The quality or state of being polysyllabic. + +Pol"y*syl`la*ble (?), n. [Poly- + syllable.] A word of many syllables, +or consisting of more syllables than three; -- words of less than four +syllables being called monosyllables, dissyllables, and trisyllables. + +Pol`y*syn*det"ic (?), a. Characterized by polysyndeton, or the +multiplication of conjunctions. -- Pol`y*syn*det"ic*al*ly (#), adv. + +||Pol`y*syn"de*ton (?), n. [NL., from Gr. poly`s many + &?; bound +||together, fr. &?; to bind together; &?; with + &?; to bind.] (Rhet.) +||A figure by which the conjunction is often repeated, as in the +||sentence, "We have ships and men and money and stores." Opposed to +||asyndeton. + +Pol`y*syn"the*sis (?), n. [Poly- + synthesis.] 1. The act or process of +combining many separate elements into a whole. + +2. (Philol.) The formation of a word by the combination of several +simple words, as in the aboriginal languages of America; agglutination. +Latham. + +Pol`y*syn*thet"ic (-sn*tht"k), a. [Poly- + synthetic.] Characterized by +polysynthesis; agglutinative. + +Polysynthetic twinning (Min.), repeated twinning, like that of the +triclinic feldspar, producing fine parallel bands in alternately +reversed positions. + +Pol`y*syn*thet"i*cism (-*sz'm), n. Polysynthesis. + +<! p. 1112 !> + +Pol`y*tech"nic (pl`*tk"nk), a. [Gr. poly`technos; poly`s many + te`chnh +an art: cf. F. polytechnique.] Comprehending, or relating to, many arts +and sciences; -- applied particularly to schools in which many branches +of art and science are taught with especial reference to their +practical application; also to exhibitions of machinery and industrial +products. + +Pol`y*tech"nic*al (?), a. Polytechnic. + +Pol`y*tech"nics (?), n. The science of the mechanic arts. + +||Pol`y*tha*la"mi*a (?), n. pl. [NL. See Polythalamous.] (Zoˆl.) A +||division of Foraminifera including those having a manychambered +||shell. + +Pol`y*thal"a*mous (?), a. [Poly- + Gr. &?; a chamber.] (Zoˆl.) +Many-chambered; -- applied to shells of Foraminifera and cephalopods. +See Illust. of Nautilus. + +Pol"y*the*ism (?), n. [Poly- + Gr. &?; cf. F. polythÈisme.] The +doctrine of, or belief in, a plurality of gods. + + In the Old Testament, the gradual development of polytheism from + the primitive monotheism may be learned. + + +Shaff-Herzog. + +Pol"y*the*ist, n. [Cf. F. polythÈiste.] One who believes in, or +maintains the doctrine of, a plurality of gods. + +{ Pol`y*the*is"tic (?), Pol`y*the*is"tic*al (?), } a. Of or pertaining +to polytheism; characterized by polytheism; professing or advocating +polytheism; as, polytheistic worship; a polytheistic author, or nation. +-- Pol`y*the*is"tic*al*ly, adv. + +Pol"y*the*ize (?), v. i. To adhere to, advocate, or inculcate, the +doctrine of polytheism. Milman. + +Pol`y*the"lism (?), n. [Poly- + Gr. qhlh` a nipple.] (Anat.) The +condition of having more than two teats, or nipples. + +Po*lyt"o*cous (?), a. [Gr. &?;; poly`s many + &?; offspring.] 1. (Bot.) +Bearing fruit repeatedly, as most perennial plants; polycarpic. + +2. (Zoˆl.) Producing many or young. + +Po*lyt"o*mous (?), a. [Poly- + Gr. &?; a cutting, fr. &?; to cut.] +(Bot.) Subdivided into many distinct subordinate parts, which, however, +not being jointed to the petiole, are not true leaflets; -- said of +leaves. Henslow. + +Po*lyt"o*my (?), n. (Logic) A division into many members. F. Bowen. + +Pol`y*tung"state (?), n. A salt of polytungstic acid. + +Pol`y*tung"stic (?), a. (Chem.) Containing several tungsten atoms or +radicals; as, polytungstic acid. + +Polytungstic acid (Chem.), any one of several complex acids of tungsten +containing more than one atom of tungsten. + +Pol"y*type (?), n. [Poly- + - type.] (Print.) A cast, or facsimile +copy, of an engraved block, matter in type, etc. (see citation); as, a +polytype in relief. + + By pressing the wood cut into semifluid metal, an intaglio matrix + is produced: and from this matrix, in a similar way, a polytype in + relief is obtained. + + +Hansard. + +Pol"y*type, a. (Print.) Of or pertaining to polytypes; obtained by +polytyping; as, a polytype plate. + +Pol"y*type, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Polytyped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Polytyping (?).] (Print.) To produce a polytype of; as, to polytype an +engraving. + +||Pol`y*u"ri*a (?), n. [NL. See Poly- , and Urine.] (Med.) A +||persistently excessive flow of watery urine, with low specific +||gravity and without the presence of either albumin or sugar. It is +||generally accompanied with more or less thirst. + +Po*lyv"a*lent (?), a. [Poly- + L. valens, p. pr. See Valent.] (Chem.) +Multivalent. + +Pol"yve (?), n. [See Polive.] A pulley. [Obs.] + +||Pol`y*zo"a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. poly`s many + &?; an animal.] +||(Zoˆl.) Same as Bryozoa. See Illust. under Bryozoa, and +||PhylactolÊmata. + +Pol`y*zo"an (?), n. (Zoˆl.) (a) Any species of Polyzoa; one of the +Polyzoa. (b) A polyzoˆn. + +||Pol`y*zo*a"ri*um (?), n.; pl. Polyzoaria (#). [NL.] (Zoˆl.) Same as +||Polyzoary. + +Pol`y*zo"a*ry (?), n. (Zoˆl.) The compound organism of a polyzoan. + +Pol`y*zon"al (?), a. [Poly- + zonal.] Consisting of many zones or +rings. + +Polyzonal lens (Opt.), a lens made up of pieces arranged zones or +rings, -- used in the lanterns of lighthouses. + +||Pol`y*zo"ˆn (?), n.; pl. Polyzoa (#). [NL. See Polyzoan.] (Zoˆl.) One +||of the individual zooids forming the compound organism of a polyzoan. + +Pom"ace (?; 277), n. [L. ponum a fruit, LL., an apple: cf. LL. +pomagium, pomacium.] The substance of apples, or of similar fruit, +crushed by grinding. + +Po`ma*cen"troid (?), a. [Gr. &?; a cover + &?; a prickle + -oid.] +(Zoˆl.) Pertaining to the PomacentridÊ, a family of bright-colored +tropical fishes having spiny opercula; -- often called coral fishes. + +Po*ma"ceous (?), a. [LL. ponum an apple.] 1. (Bot.) (a) Like an apple +or pear; producing pomes. (b) Of or pertaining to a suborder (PomeÊ) of +rosaceous plants, which includes the true thorn trees, the quinces, +service berries, medlars, and loquats, as well as the apples, pears, +crabs, etc. + +2. Like pomace. + +Po*made" (?; 277), n. [F. pommade pomatum, OF. pomade cider (cf. Sp. +pomada, It. pomata, LL. pomata a drink made of apples), from L. pomum +fruit, LL., an apple. Cf. Pomatum.] 1. Cider. [Obs.] Piers Plowman. + +2. Perfumed ointment; esp., a fragrant unguent for the hair; pomatum; +-- originally made from apples. + +Po*man"der (?), n. [Sp. poma.] (a) A perfume to be carried with one, +often in the form of a ball. (b) A box to contain such perfume, +formerly carried by ladies, as at the end of a chain; -- more properly +pomander box. [Obs.] Bacon. + +Po"ma*rine (?), a. [Gr. &?; a lid + &?;, &?;, nose.] (Zoˆl.) Having the +nostril covered with a scale. + +Pomarine jager (Zoˆl.), a North Atlantic jager (Stercorarius pomarinus) +having the elongated middle tail feathers obtuse. The adult is black. + +Po*ma"tum (?), n. [See Pomade.] A perfumed unguent or composition, +chiefly used in dressing the hair; pomade. Wiseman. + +Po*ma"tum, v. t. To dress with pomatum. + +Pome (?), n. [L. pomum a fruit: cf. F. pomme apple. Cf. Pomade.] 1. +(Bot.) A fruit composed of several cartilaginous or bony carpels +inclosed in an adherent fleshy mass, which is partly receptacle and +partly calyx, as an apple, quince, or pear. + +2. (R. C. Ch.) A ball of silver or other metal, which is filled with +hot water, and used by the priest in cold weather to warm his hands +during the service. + +Pome, v. i. [Cf. F. pommer. See Pome, n.] To grow to a head, or form a +head in growing. [Obs.] + +Pome"gran`ate (?; 277), n. [OE. pomgarnet, OF. pome de grenate, F. +grenade, L. pomum a fruit + granatus grained, having many grains or +seeds. See Pome, and Garnet, Grain.] 1. (Bot.) The fruit of the tree +Punica Granatum; also, the tree itself (see Balaustine), which is +native in the Orient, but is successfully cultivated in many warm +countries, and as a house plant in colder climates. The fruit is as +large as an orange, and has a hard rind containing many rather large +seeds, each one separately covered with crimson, acid pulp. + +2. A carved or embroidered ornament resembling a pomegranate. Ex. +xxviii. 33. + +Pom"el (?), n. A pommel. [Obs.] Chaucer. + +Pom"e*lo (?), n. [Cf. Pompelmous.] A variety of shaddock, called also +grape fruit. + +Pome"ly (?), a. [OF. pomelÈ, F. pommelÈ. See Pome.] Dappled. [Obs.] +"Pomely gray." Chaucer. + +Pom`e*ra"ni*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to Pomerania, a province of +Prussia on the Baltic Sea. -- n. A native or inhabitant of Pomerania. + +Pomeranian dog (Zoˆl.), the loup- loup, or Spitz dog. + +Pome"wa`ter (?), n. A kind of sweet, juicy apple. [Written also +pomwater.] Shak. + +Pom"ey (?), n.; pl. Pomeys (#). [F. pommÈ grown round, or like an +apple, p. p. of pommer to pome.] (Her.) A figure supposed to resemble +an apple; a roundel, -- always of a green color. + +Pom"fret (?), n. [Perhaps corrupt. fr. Pg. pampano a kind of fish.] +(Zoˆl.) (a) One of two or more species of marine food fishes of the +genus Stromateus (S. niger, S. argenteus) native of Southern Europe and +Asia. (b) A marine food fish of Bermuda (Brama Raji). + +Po*mif"er*ous (?), a. [L. pomifer; pomum fruit + ferre to bear: cf. F. +pomifËre.] (Bot.) (a) Bearing pomes, or applelike fruits. (b) Bearing +fruits, or excrescences, more or less resembling an apple. + +Pom"mage (?; 48), n. See Pomage. + +||Pom`mÈ" (?), a. [F. See Pomey.] (Her.) Having the ends terminating in +||rounded protuberances or single balls; -- said of a cross. + +||Pomme` blanche" (?). [F., literally, white apple.] The prairie +||turnip. See under Prairie. + +Pom"mel (?), n. [OE. pomel, OF. pomel, F. pommeau, LL. pomellus, fr. L. +pomum fruit, LL. also, an apple. See Pome.] A knob or ball; an object +resembling a ball in form; as: (a) The knob on the hilt of a sword. +Macaulay. (b) The knob or protuberant part of a saddlebow. (c) The top +(of the head). Chaucer. (d) A knob forming the finial of a turret or +pavilion. + +Pom"mel, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pommeled (?) or Pommelled; p. pr. & vb. n. +Pommeling or Pommelling.] To beat soundly, as with the pommel of a +sword, or with something knoblike; hence, to beat with the fists. +[Written also pummel.] + +Pom*mel"ion (?), n. [See Pommel: cf. LL. pomilio pygmy.] (Mil.) The +cascabel, or hindmost knob, of a cannon. [R.] + +||Pom`met`tÈ" (?), a. [F.] Having two balls or protuberances at each +||end; -- said of a cross. + +Po`mo*log"ic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. pomologique.] Of or pertaining to +pomology. + +Po*mol"o*gist (?), n. One versed in pomology; one who culticvates fruit +trees. + +Po*mol"o*gy (?), n. [L. pomum fruit + -logy: cf. F. pomologie.] The +science of fruits; a treatise on fruits; the cultivation of fruits and +fruit trees. + +Po*mo"na (?), n. [L., from pomum fruit.] (Class. Myth.) The goddess of +fruits and fruit trees. + +Pomp (?), n. [OE. pompe, F. pompe, L. pompa, fr. Gr. &?; a sending, a +solemn procession, pomp, fr. &?; to send. Cf. Pump a shoe.] 1. A +procession distinguished by ostentation and splendor; a pageant. "All +the pomps of a Roman triumph." Addison. + +2. Show of magnificence; parade; display; power. + +Syn. -- Display; parade; pageant; pageantry; splendor; state; +magnificence; ostentation; grandeur; pride. + +Pomp (?), v. i. To make a pompons display; to conduct. [Obs.] B. +Jonson. + +Pom"pa*dour (?), n. A crimson or pink color; also, a style of dress cut +low and square in the neck; also, a mode of dressing the hair by +drawing it straight back from the forehead over a roll; -- so called +after the Marchioness de Pompadour of France. Also much used +adjectively. + +Pom"pa*no (?), n. [Sp. p·mpano.] [Written also pampano.] (Zoˆl.) 1. Any +one of several species of marine fishes of the genus Trachynotus, of +which four species are found on the Atlantic coast of the United +States; -- called also palometa. + +They have a brilliant silvery or golden luster, and are highly esteemed +as food fishes. The round pompano (T. thomboides) and the Carolina +pompano (T. Carolinus) are the most common. Other species occur on the +Pacific coast. + +2. A California harvest fish (Stromateus simillimus), highly valued as +a food fish. + +Pompano shell (Zoˆl.), a small bivalve shell of the genus Donax; -- so +called because eaten by the pompano. [Florida] + +Pom*pat"ic (?), a. [L. pompaticus.] Pompous. [Obs.] Barrow. + +Pom"pel*mous (?), n.; pl. Pompelmouses (#). [D. pompelmoes; cf. G. +pompelmuse, F. pamplemousse, and F. pompolÈon.] (Bot.) A shaddock, esp. +one of large size. + +Pom"pet (?), n. [OF. pompette.] (Print.) The ball formerly used to ink +the type. + +Pom"pho*lyx (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?; a bubble, the slag on the surface +of smelted ore, from &?; a blister.] 1. (Old Chem.) Impure zinc oxide. + +2. (Med.) A skin disease in which there is an eruption of bullÊ, +without inflammation or fever. + +Pom*pil"lion (?), n. An ointment or pomatum made of black poplar buds. +[Obs.] Cotgrave. + +Pom"pi*on (?), n. [OF. pompon. See Pumpkin.] See Pumpion. + +Pom"pire (?), n. [L. pomum a fruit, LL. also, an apple + pirum a pear.] +A pearmain. [Obs.] + +Pom*po"le*on (?), n. (Bot.) See Pompelmous. + +Pom"pon (?), n. [F.] 1. Any trifling ornament for a woman's dress or +bonnet. + +2. (Mil.) A tuft or ball of wool, or the like, sometimes worn by +soldiers on the front of the hat, instead of a feather. + +Pom*pos"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Pomposities (&?;). The quality or state of +being pompous; pompousness. Thackeray. + +||Pom*po"so (?), a. & adv. [It.] (Mus.) Grand and dignified; in grand +||style. + +Pomp"ous (?), a. [F. pompeux, L. pomposus. See Pomp.] 1. Displaying +pomp; stately; showy with grandeur; magnificent; as, a pompous +procession. + +2. Ostentatious; pretentious; boastful; vainlorious; as, pompous +manners; a pompous style. "Pompous in high presumption." Chaucer. + + he pompous vanity of the old schoolmistress. + + +Thackeray. + +-- Pom"ous*ly, adv. -- Pomp"ous*ness, n. + +Pomp"tine (?), a. See Pontine. + +Pom"wa`ter (?), n. Same as Pomewater. + +Pon"cho (?), n.; pl. Ponchos (&?;). [Sp.] 1. A kind of cloak worn by +the Spanish Americans, having the form of a blanket, with a slit in the +middle for the head to pass through. A kind of poncho made of rubber or +painted cloth is used by the mounted troops in the United States +service. + +2. A trade name for camlets, or stout worsteds. + +Pond (?), n. [Probably originally, an inclosed body of water, and the +same word as pound. See Pound an inclosure.] A body of water, naturally +or artificially confined, and usually of less extent than a lake. +"Through pond or pool." Milton. + +Pond hen (Zoˆl.), the American coot. See Coot (a). -- Pond lily (Bot.), +the water lily. See under Water, and Illust. under NymphÊa. -- Pond +snail (Zoˆl.), any gastropod living in fresh-water ponds or lakes. The +most common kinds are air- breathing snails (Pulmonifera) belonging to +LimnÊa, Physa, Planorbis, and allied genera. The operculated species +are pectinibranchs, belonging to Melantho, Valvata, and various other +genera. -- Pond spice (Bot.), an American shrub (Tetranthera +geniculata) of the Laurel family, with small oval leaves, and axillary +clusters of little yellow flowers. The whole plant is spicy. It grows +in ponds and swamps from Virginia to Florida. -- Pond tortoise, Pond +turtle (Zoˆl.), any freshwater tortoise of the family EmydidÊ. Numerous +species are found in North America. + +<! p. 1113 !> + +Pond (?), v. t. To make into a pond; to collect, as water, in a pond by +damming. + +Pond, v. t. [See Ponder.] To ponder. [Obs.] + + Pleaseth you, pond your suppliant's plaint. + + +Spenser. + +Pon"der (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pondered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Pondering.] [L. ponderare, fr. pondus, ponderis, a weight, fr. pendere +to weigh: cf. F. pondÈrer. See Pendant, and cf. Pound a weight.] + +1. To weigh. [Obs.] + +2. To weigh in the mind; to view with deliberation; to examine +carefully; to consider attentively. + + Ponder the path of thy feet. + + +Prov. iv. 26. + +Syn. -- To Ponder, Consider, Muse. To consider means to view or +contemplate with fixed thought. To ponder is to dwell upon with long +and anxious attention, with a view to some practical result or +decision. To muse is simply to think upon continuously with no definite +object, or for the pleasure it gives. We consider any subject which is +fairly brought before us; we ponder a concern involving great +interests; we muse on the events of childhood. + +Pon"der, v. i. To think; to deliberate; to muse; -- usually followed by +on or over. Longfellow. + +Pon`der*a*bil"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. pondÈrabilitÈ.] The quality or state +of being ponderable. + +Pon"der*a*ble (?), a. [L. ponderabilis: cf. F. pondÈrable.] Capable of +being weighed; having appreciable weight. -- Pon"der*a*ble*ness, n. + +Pon"der*al (?), a. [Cf. F. pondÈral.] Estimated or ascertained by +weight; -- distinguished from numeral; as, a ponderal drachma. [R.] +Arbuthnot. + +Pon"der*ance (?), n. [L. ponderans, p. pr. of ponderare to weigh: cf. +OF. ponderant of weight.] Weight; gravity. [R.] Gregory. + +Pon"der*a*ry (?), a. Of or pertaining to weight; as, a ponderary +system. [R.] M'Culloch. + +Pon"der*ate (?), v. t. [L. ponderatus, p. p. of ponderare. See Ponder.] +To consider; to ponder. [R.] + +Pon"der*ate, v. i. To have weight or influence. [R.] + +Pon`der*a"tion (?), n. [L. ponderatio: cf. F. pondÈration.] The act of +weighing. [R.] Arbuthnot. + +Pon"der*er (?), n. One who ponders. + +Pon"der*ing, a. Deliberating. -- Pon"der*ing*ly, adv. + +Pon`der*os"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Ponderosities (#). [OF. ponderositÈ.] The +quality or state of being ponderous; weight; gravity; heaviness, +ponderousness; as, the ponderosity of gold. Ray. + +Pon"der*ous (?), a. [L. ponderosus, from pondus, -eris, a weight: cf. +F. pondÈreux. See Ponder.] 1. Very heavy; weighty; as, a ponderous +shield; a ponderous load; the ponderous elephant. + + The sepulcher . . . Hath oped his ponderous and marble jaws. + + +Shak. + +2. Important; momentous; forcible. "Your more ponderous and settled +project." Shak. + +3. Heavy; dull; wanting; lightless or spirit; as, a ponderous style; a +ponderous joke. + +Ponderous spar (Min.), heavy spar, or barytes. See Barite. + +Pon"der*ous*ly, adv. In a ponderous manner. + +Pon"der*ous*ness, n. The quality or state of being ponderous; +ponderosity. + +Pond"fish` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) Any one of numerous species of American +fresh-water fishes belonging to the family CentrarchidÊ; -- called also +pond perch, and sunfish. + +The common pondfish of New England (Lepomis gibbosus) is called also +bream, pumpkin seed, and sunny. See Sunfish. The long-eared pondfish +(Lepomis auritus) of the Eastern United States is distinguished by its +very long opercular flap. + +Pond"weed` (?), n. (Bot.) Any aquatic plant of the genus Potamogeton, +of which many species are found in ponds or slow-moving rivers. + +Choke pondweed, an American water weed (Anarcharis, or Elodea, +Canadensis.) See Anacharis. -- Horned pondweed, the Zannichellia +palustris, a slender, branching aquatic plant, having pointed nutlets. + +Pone (pn), n. [Of Amer. Indian origin.] A kind of johnnycake. [Written +also paune.] [Southern U. S.] + +Po"nent (?), a. [OF., fr. It. ponente, properly, setting (applied to +the setting sun), fr. L. ponens, p. pr. of ponere to set, put.] +Western; occidental. [R.] + + Forth rush the levant and the ponent winds. + + +Milton. + +Pon*gee" (?), n. [Of East Indian origin.] A fabric of undyed silk from +India and China. + +Pon*ghee" (?), n. [From the native name.] A Buddhist priest of the +higher orders in Burmah. Malcom. + +Pon"go (?), n. (Zoˆl.) Any large ape; especially, the chimpanzee and +the orang- outang. + +Pon"iard (?), n. [F. poignard (cf. It. pugnale, Sp. puÒal), fr. L. +pugio, -onis; probably akin to pugnus fist, or fr. pugnus fist, as held +in the fist. See Pugnacious.] A kind of dagger, -- usually a slender +one with a triangular or square blade. + + She speaks poniards, and every word stabs. + + +Shak. + +Pon"iard, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Poniarded; p. pr. & vb. n. Poniarding.] +To pierce with a poniard; to stab. Cowper. + +Po`ni*bil"i*ty (?), n. [L. ponere to place.] The capability of being +placed or located. [Obs.] Barrow. + +||Pons (?), n.; pl. Pontes (#). [L., a bridge.] (Anat.) A bridge; -- +||applied to several parts which connect others, but especially to the +||pons Varolii, a prominent band of nervous tissue situated on the +||ventral side of the medulla oblongata and connected at each side with +||the hemispheres of the cerebellum; the mesocephalon. See Brain. + +||Pons asinorum. [L., literally, bridge of asses.] See Asses' bridge, +||under Ass. + +Pon"tage (?; 48), n. [LL. pontagium, from L. pons, pontis, a bridge: +cf. F. pontage.] (O. Eng. Law) A duty or tax paid for repairing +bridges. Ayliffe. + +Pon*tee" (?), n. [F. pontil, pontis.] (Glass Making) An iron rod used +by glass makers for manipulating the hot glass; -- called also, puntil, +puntel, punty, and ponty. See Fascet. + +Pon"tic (?), a. [L. Ponticus, Gr. &?;, fr. &?; the sea, especially, the +Black Sea.] Of or pertaining to the Pontus, Euxine, or Black Sea. + +||Pon"ti*fex (?), n.; pl. Pontifices (#). [L.] A high priest; a +||pontiff. + +Pon"tiff (?), n. [F. pontife, L. pontifex, -ficis; pons, pontis, a +bridge (perhaps originally, a way, path) + facere to make. Cf. +Pontoon.] A high priest. Especially: (a) One of the sacred college, in +ancient Rome, which had the supreme jurisdiction over all matters of +religion, at the head of which was the Pontifex Maximus. Dr. W. Smith. +(b) (Jewish Antiq.) The chief priest. (c) (R. C. Ch.) The pope. + +Pon*tif"ic (?), a. [Cf. L. pontificius.] 1. Relating to, or consisting +of, pontiffs or priests. "The pontific college with their augurs and +flamens." Milton. + +2. Of or pertaining to the pope; papal. Shenstone. + +Pon*tif"ic*al (?), a. [L. pontificalis: cf. F. pontifical. See +Pontiff.] 1. Of or pertaining to a pontiff, or high priest; as, +pontifical authority; hence, belonging to the pope; papal. + +2. Of or pertaining to the building of bridges. [R.] + + Now had they brought the work by wondrous art Pontifical, a ridge + of pendent rock Over the vexed abyss. + + +Milton. + +Pon*tif"ic*al, n. [F.] 1. A book containing the offices, or formulas, +used by a pontiff. South. + +2. pl. The dress and ornaments of a pontiff. "Dressed in full +pontificals." Sir W. Scott. + +Pon*tif`i*cal"i*ty (?), n. The state and government of the pope; the +papacy. [R.] Bacon. + +Pon*tif"ic*al*ly, adv. In a pontifical manner. + +Pon*tif"i*cate (?), n. [L. pontificatus: cf. F. pontificat. See +Pontiff.] 1. The state or dignity of a high priest; specifically, the +office of the pope. Addison. + +2. The term of office of a pontiff. Milman. + +Pon*tif"i*cate (?), v. i. (R. C. Ch.) To perform the duty of a pontiff. + +Pon"ti*fice (?), n. [L. pons, pontis, a bridge + facere to make. Cf. +Pontiff.] Bridgework; structure or edifice of a bridge. [R.] Milton. + +Pon`ti*fi"cial (?), a. [L. pontificius.] Papal; pontifical. [Obs.] +"Pontificial writers." Burton. + +Pon`ti*fi"cian (?), a. Of or pertaining to the pontiff or pope. [Obs.] +Bp. Hall. + +Pon`ti*fi"cian, n. One who adheres to the pope or papacy; a papist. +[Obs.] Bp. Montagu. + +Pon"til (?), n. Same as Pontee. + +Pon"tile (?), a. [L. pontilis pertaining to a bridge.] (Anat.) Of or +pertaining to the pons Varolii. See Pons. + +Pon"tine (?), a. [L. Pontinus or Pomptinus, an appellation given to a +district in Latium, near Pometia.] Of or pertaining to an extensive +marshy district between Rome and Naples. [Written also Pomptine.] + +Pont"le*vis (?), n. [F., properly, a drawbridge.] (Man.) The action of +a horse in rearing repeatedly and dangerously. + +Pon*ton" (?), n. [F.] See Pontoon. + +Pon*toon" (?), n. [F. ponton (cf. It. pontone), from L. ponto, -onis, +fr. pons, pontis, a bridge, perhaps originally, a way, path: cf. Gr. +&?; path, Skr. path, pathi, panthan. Cf. Punt a boat.] 1. (Mil.) A +wooden flat-bottomed boat, a metallic cylinder, or a frame covered with +canvas, India rubber, etc., forming a portable float, used in building +bridges quickly for the passage of troops. + +2. (Naut.) A low, flat vessel, resembling a barge, furnished with +cranes, capstans, and other machinery, used in careening ships, raising +weights, drawing piles, etc., chiefly in the Mediterranean; a lighter. + +Pontoon bridge, a bridge formed with pontoons. -- Pontoon train, the +carriages of the pontoons, and the materials they carry for making a +pontoon bridge. + +The French spelling ponton often appears in scientific works, but +pontoon is more common form. + +Pon*toon"ing, n. The act, art, or process of constructing pontoon +bridges. "Army instruction in pontooning." Gen. W. T. Shermah. + +Pont`vo*lant" (?; F. ?), n. [F. pont bridge + volant flying.] (Mil.) A +kind of light bridge, used in sieges, for surprising a post or outwork +which has but a narrow moat; a flying bridge. + +Pon"ty (?), n. (Class Making) See Pontee. + +Po"ny (?), n.; pl. Ponies (&?;). [Written also poney.] [Gael. ponaidh.] +1. A small horse. + +2. Twenty-five pounds sterling. [Slang, Eng.] + +3. A translation or a key used to avoid study in getting lessons; a +crib. [College Cant] + +4. A small glass of beer. [Slang] + +Pony chaise, a light, low chaise, drawn by a pony or a pair of ponies. +-- Pony engine, a small locomotive for switching cars from one track to +another. [U.S.] -- Pony truck (Locomotive Engine), a truck which has +only two wheels. -- Pony truss (Bridge Building), a truss which has so +little height that overhead bracing can not be used. + +Pood (?), n. [Russ. pud'.] A Russian weight, equal to forty Russian +pounds or about thirty-six English pounds avoirdupois. + +Poo"dle (?), n. [G. pudel.] (Zoˆl.) A breed of dogs having curly hair, +and often showing remarkable intelligence in the performance of tricks. + +Pooh (?), interj. [Of. imitative origin; cf. Icel. p.] Pshaw! pish! +nonsense! -- an expression of scorn, dislike, or contempt. + +Pooh`-pooh" (?), v. t. To make light of; to treat with derision or +contempt, as if by saying pooh! pooh! [Colloq.] Thackeray. + +||Poo"koo (?), n. [From the native name.] (Zoˆl.) A red African +||antelope (Kobus Vardoni) allied to the water buck. + +Pool (?), n. [AS. pl; akin to LG. pool, pohl, D. poel, G. pfuhl; cf. +Icel. pollr, also W. pwll, Gael. poll.] 1. A small and rather deep +collection of (usually) fresh water, as one supplied by a spring, or +occurring in the course of a stream; a reservoir for water; as, the +pools of Solomon. Wyclif. + + Charity will hardly water the ground where it must first fill a + pool. + + +Bacon. + + The sleepy pool above the dam. + + +Tennyson. + +2. A small body of standing or stagnant water; a puddle. "The filthy +mantled pool beyond your cell." Shak. + +Pool, n. [F. poule, properly, a hen. See Pullet.] [Written also poule.] +1. The stake played for in certain games of cards, billiards, etc.; an +aggregated stake to which each player has contributed a snare; also, +the receptacle for the stakes. + +2. A game at billiards, in which each of the players stakes a certain +sum, the winner taking the whole; also, in public billiard rooms, a +game in which the loser pays the entrance fee for all who engage in the +game; a game of skill in pocketing the balls on a pool table. + +This game is played variously, but commonly with fifteen balls, besides +one cue ball, the contest being to drive the most balls into the +pockets. + + He plays pool at the billiard houses. + + +Thackeray. + +3. In rifle shooting, a contest in which each competitor pays a certain +sum for every shot he makes, the net proceeds being divided among the +winners. + +4. Any gambling or commercial venture in which several persons join. + +5. A combination of persons contributing money to be used for the +purpose of increasing or depressing the market price of stocks, grain, +or other commodities; also, the aggregate of the sums so contributed; +as, the pool took all the wheat offered below the limit; he put $10,000 +into the pool. + +6. (Railroads) A mutual arrangement between competing lines, by which +the receipts of all are aggregated, and then distributed pro rata +according to agreement. + +7. (Law) An aggregation of properties or rights, belonging to different +people in a community, in a common fund, to be charged with common +liabilities. + +Pin pool, a variety of the game of billiards in which small wooden pins +are set up to be knocked down by the balls. -- Pool ball, one of the +colored ivory balls used in playing the game at billiards called pool. +-- Pool snipe (Zoˆl.), the European redshank. [Prov. Eng.] -- Pool +table, a billiard table with pockets. + +Pool, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pooled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pooling.] To put +together; to contribute to a common fund, on the basis of a mutual +division of profits or losses; to make a common interest of; as, the +companies pooled their traffic. + + Finally, it favors the poolingof all issues. + + +U. S. Grant. + +Pool, v. i. To combine or contribute with others, as for a commercial, +speculative, or gambling transaction. + +Pool"er (?), n. A stick for stirring a tan vat. + +Pool"ing, n. (Law) The act of uniting, or an agreement to unite, an +aggregation of properties belonging to different persons, with a view +to common liabilities or profits. + +Poon (?), n. [Canarese ponne.] A name for several East Indian, or their +wood, used for the masts and spars of vessels, as Calophyllum +angustifolium, C. inophullum, and Sterculia fútida; -- called also +peon. + +Poo"nac (?), n. A kind of oil cake prepared from the cocoanut. See Oil +cake, under Cake. + +Poon"ga oil` (?). A kind of oil used in India for lamps, and for +boiling with dammar for pitching vessels. It is pressed from the seeds +of a leguminous tree (Pongamia glabra). + +Poop (?), n. (Arch.) See 2d Poppy. + +Poop, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Pooped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pooping.] [Cf. D. +poepen. See Pop.] To make a noise; to pop; also, to break wind. + +Poop, n. [F. poupe; cf. Sp. & Pg. popa, It. poppa; all fr. L. puppis.] +(Naut.) A deck raised above the after part of a vessel; the hindmost or +after part of a vessel's hull; also, a cabin covered by such a deck. +See Poop deck, under Deck. See also Roundhouse. + + With wind in poop, the vessel plows the sea. + + +Dryden. + + The poop was beaten gold. + + +Shak. + +Poop, v. t. (Naut.) (a) To break over the poop or stern, as a wave. "A +sea which he thought was going to poop her." Lord Dufferin. (b) To +strike in the stern, as by collision. + +Pooped (?), p. p. & a. (Naut.) (a) Having a poop; furnished with a +poop. (b) Struck on the poop. + +Poop"ing (?), n. (Naut.) The act or shock of striking a vessel's stern +by a following wave or vessel. + +<! p. 1114 !> + +Poor (?), a. [Compar. Poorer (?; 254); superl. Poorest.] [OE. poure or +povre, OF. povre, F. pauvre, L. pauper; the first syllable of which is +probably akin to paucus few (see Paucity, Few), and the second to +parare to prepare, procure. See Few, and cf. Parade, Pauper, Poverty.] +1. Destitute of property; wanting in material riches or goods; needy; +indigent. + +It is often synonymous with indigent and with necessitous denoting +extreme want. It is also applied to persons who are not entirely +destitute of property, but who are not rich; as, a poor man or woman; +poor people. + +2. (Law) So completely destitute of property as to be entitled to +maintenance from the public. + +3. Hence, in very various applications: Destitute of such qualities as +are desirable, or might naturally be expected; as: (a) Wanting in fat, +plumpness, or fleshiness; lean; emaciated; meager; as, a poor horse, +ox, dog, etc. "Seven other kine came up after them, poor and very +ill-favored and lean-fleshed." Gen. xli. 19. (b) Wanting in strength or +vigor; feeble; dejected; as, poor health; poor spirits. "His genius . . +. poor and cowardly." Bacon. (c) Of little value or worth; not good; +inferior; shabby; mean; as, poor clothes; poor lodgings. "A poor +vessel." Clarendon. (d) Destitute of fertility; exhausted; barren; +sterile; -- said of land; as, poor soil. (e) Destitute of beauty, +fitness, or merit; as, a poor discourse; a poor picture. (f) Without +prosperous conditions or good results; unfavorable; unfortunate; +unconformable; as, a poor business; the sick man had a poor night. (g) +Inadequate; insufficient; insignificant; as, a poor excuse. + + That I have wronged no man will be a poor plea or apology at the + last day. + + +Calamy. + +4. Worthy of pity or sympathy; -- used also sometimes as a term of +endearment, or as an expression of modesty, and sometimes as a word of +contempt. + + And for mine own poor part, Look you, I'll go pray. + + +Shak. + + Poor, little, pretty, fluttering thing. + + +Prior. + +5. Free from self-assertion; not proud or arrogant; meek. "Blessed are +the poor in spirit." Matt. v. 3. + +Poor law, a law providing for, or regulating, the relief or support of +the poor. -- Poor man's treacle (Bot.), garlic; -- so called because it +was thought to be an antidote to animal poison. [Eng] Dr. Prior. -- +Poor man's weatherglass (Bot.), the red-flowered pimpernel (Anagallis +arvensis), which opens its blossoms only in fair weather. -- Poor rate, +an assessment or tax, as in an English parish, for the relief or +support of the poor. -- Poor soldier (Zoˆl.), the friar bird. -- The +poor, those who are destitute of property; the indigent; the needy. In +a legal sense, those who depend on charity or maintenance by the +public. "I have observed the more public provisions are made for the +poor, the less they provide for themselves." Franklin. + +Poor (?), n. (Zoˆl.) A small European codfish (Gadus minutus); -- +called also power cod. + +Poor"box` (?), n. A receptacle in which money given for the poor is +placed. + +Poor"house` (?), n. A dwelling for a number of paupers maintained at +public expense; an almshouse; a workhouse. + +Poor"-john` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) A small European fish, similar to the cod, +but of inferior quality. + + Poor-john and apple pies are all our fare. + + +Sir J. Harrington. + +Poor"li*ness (?), n. The quality or state of being poorly; ill health. + +Poor"ly, adv. 1. In a poor manner or condition; without plenty, or +sufficiency, or suitable provision for comfort; as, to live poorly. + +2. With little or no success; indifferently; with little profit or +advantage; as, to do poorly in business. + +3. Meanly; without spirit. + + Nor is their courage or their wealth so low, That from his wars + they poorly would retire. + + +Dryden. + +4. Without skill or merit; as, he performs poorly. + +Poorly off, not well off; not rich. + +Poor"ly, a. Somewhat ill; indisposed; not in health. "Having been +poorly in health." T. Scott. + +Poor"ness, n. The quality or state of being poor (in any of the senses +of the adjective). Bacon. + +Poor"-spir`it*ed (?), a. Of a mean spirit; cowardly; base. -- +Poor"-spir`it*ed*ness, n. + +Poor"-will` (?), n. [So called in imitation of its note.] (Zoˆl.) A +bird of the Western United States (PhalÊnoptilus Nutalli) allied to the +whip- poor-will. + +Poor"-wil`lie (?), n. [So called in imitation of its note.] (Zoˆl.) The +bar-tailed godwit. [Prov. Eng.] + +Pop (?), n. [Of imitative origin. Cf. Poop.] 1. A small, sharp, quick +explosive sound or report; as, to go off with a pop. Addison. + +2. An unintoxicating beverage which expels the cork with a pop from the +bottle containing it; as, ginger pop; lemon pop, etc. Hood. + +3. (Zoˆl.) The European redwing. [Prov. Eng.] + +Pop corn. (a) Corn, or maize, of peculiar excellence for popping; +especially, a kind the grains of which are small and compact. (b) +Popped corn; which has been popped. + +Pop, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Popped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Popping.] 1. To +make a pop, or sharp, quick sound; as, the muskets popped away on all +sides. + +2. To enter, or issue forth, with a quick, sudden movement; to move +from place to place suddenly; to dart; -- with in, out, upon, off, etc. + + He that killed my king . . . Popp'd in between the election and my + hopes. + + +Shak. + + A trick of popping up and down every moment. + + +Swift. + +3. To burst open with a pop, when heated over a fire; as, this corn +pops well. + +Pop, v. t. 1. To thrust or push suddenly; to offer suddenly; to bring +suddenly and unexpectedly to notice; as, to pop one's head in at the +door. + + He popped a paper into his hand. + + +Milton. + +2. To cause to pop; to cause to burst open by heat, as grains of Indian +corn; as, to pop corn or chestnuts. + +To pop off, to thrust away, or put off promptly; as, to pop one off +with a denial. Locke. -- To pop the question, to make an offer of +marriage to a lady. [Colloq.] Dickens. + +Pop (?), adv. Like a pop; suddenly; unexpectedly. "Pop goes his plate." +Beau. & Fl. + +Pope (?), n. [AS. ppa, L. papa father, bishop. Cf. Papa, Papal.] 1. Any +ecclesiastic, esp. a bishop. [Obs.] Foxe. + +2. The bishop of Rome, the head of the Roman Catholic Church. See Note +under Cardinal. + +3. A parish priest, or a chaplain, of the Greek Church. + +4. (Zoˆl.) A fish; the ruff. + +Pope Joan, a game at cards played on a round board with compartments. +-- Pope's eye, the gland surrounded with fat in the middle of the thigh +of an ox or sheep. R. D. Blackmore. -- Pope's nose, the rump, or +uropygium, of a bird. See Uropygium. + +Pope"dom (?), n. [AS. ppedm.] 1. The place, office, or dignity of the +pope; papal dignity. Shak. + +2. The jurisdiction of the pope. + +Pope"ling (?), n. 1. A petty or deputy pope. + +2. An adherent of the pope. [R.] Marlowe. + +Pop"e*lote (?), n. A word variously explained as "a little puppet," "a +little doll," or "a young butterfly." Cf. Popet. [Obs.] + + So gay a popelote, so sweet a wench. + + +Chaucer. + +Pop"er*y (?), n. The religion of the Roman Catholic Church, +comprehending doctrines and practices; -- generally used in an +opprobrious sense. + +Pop"et (?), n. A puppet. [Obs.] Chaucer. + +Pop"gun` (?), n. A child's gun; a tube and rammer for shooting pellets, +with a popping noise, by compression of air. + +Pop"in*jay (?), n. [OE. popingay, papejay, OF. papegai, papegaut; cf. +Pr. papagai, Sp. & Pg. papagayo, It. pappagallo, LGr. &?;, NGr. &?;; in +which the first syllables are perhaps imitative of the bird's chatter, +and the last either fr. L. gallus cock, or the same word as E. jay, F. +geai. Cf. Papagay.] + +1. (Zoˆl.) (a) The green woodpecker. (b) A parrot. + + The pye and popyngay speak they know not what. + + +Tyndale. + +2. A target in the form of a parrot. [Scot.] + +3. A trifling, chattering, fop or coxcomb. "To be so pestered with a +popinjay." Shak. + +Pop"ish (?), a. Of or pertaining to the pope; taught or ordained by the +pope; hence, of or pertaining to the Roman Catholic Church; -- often +used opprobriously. -- Pop"ish*ly, adv. -- Pop"ish*ness, n. + +Pop"lar (?), n. [OE. popler, OF. poplier, F. peuplier, fr. L. populus +poplar.] (Bot.) 1. Any tree of the genus Populus; also, the timber, +which is soft, and capable of many uses. + +The aspen poplar is Populus tremula and P. tremuloides; Balsam poplar +is P. balsamifera; Lombardy poplar (P. dilatata) is a tall, spiry tree; +white poplar is Populus alba. + +2. The timber of the tulip tree; -- called also white poplar. [U.S.] + +Po*plex"y (?), n. Apoplexy. [Obs.] Chaucer. + +Pop"lin (?), n. [F. popeline, papeline.] A fabric of many varieties, +usually made of silk and worsted, -- used especially for women's +dresses. + +Irish poplin, a fabric with silk warp and worsted weft, made in +Ireland. + +Pop*lit"e*al (?; 277), a. [From L. poples, -itis, the ham.] (Anat.) Of +or pertaining to the ham; in the region of the ham, or behind the knee +joint; as, the popliteal space. + +Pop*lit"ic (?), a. (Anat.) Popliteal. + +Pop"per (?), n. A utensil for popping corn, usually a wire basket with +a long handle. + +Pop"per, n. A dagger. [Obs.] Chaucer. + +Pop"pet (?), n. 1. See Puppet. + +2. (Naut.) One of certain upright timbers on the bilge ways, used to +support a vessel in launching. Totten. + +3. (Mach.) An upright support or guide fastened at the bottom only. + +Poppet head, Puppet head. See Headstock (a). + +Pop"pied (?), a. [See 1st Poppy.] 1. Mingled or interspersed with +poppies. "Poppied corn." Keats. + +2. Affected with poppy juice; hence, figuratively, drugged; drowsy; +listless; inactive. [R.] + + The poppied sails doze on the yard. + + +Lowell. + +Pop"ping (?), a. & n. from Pop. + +Popping crease. (Cricket) See under Crease. + +Pop"ple (?), v. i. [Cf. Pop.] To move quickly up and down; to bob up +and down, as a cork on rough water; also, to bubble. Cotton. + +Pop"ple, n. 1. The poplar. [Prov. Eng. & Local, U. S.] + +2. Tares. [Obs.] "To sow popple among wheat." Bale. + +Pop"py (?), n.; pl. Poppies (#). [OE. popy, AS. popig, L. papaver.] +(Bot.) Any plant or species of the genus Papaver, herbs with showy +polypetalous flowers and a milky juice. From one species (Papaver +somniferum) opium is obtained, though all the species contain it to +some extent; also, a flower of the plant. See Illust. of Capsule. + +California poppy (Bot.), any yellow- flowered plant of the genus +Eschscholtzia. -- Corn poppy. See under Corn. -- Horn, or Horned, +poppy. See under Horn. -- Poppy bee (Zoˆl.), a leaf-cutting bee +(Anthocopa papaveris) which uses pieces cut from poppy petals for the +lining of its cells; -- called also upholsterer bee. -- Prickly poppy +(Bot.), Argemone Mexicana, a yellow-flowered plant of the Poppy family, +but as prickly as a thistle. -- Poppy seed, the seed the opium poppy +(P. somniferum). -- Spatling poppy (Bot.), a species of Silene (S. +inflata). See Catchfly. + +{ Pop"py (?), Pop"py*head` (?), } n. [F. poupÈe doll, puppet. See +Puppet.] (Arch.) A raised ornament frequently having the form of a +final. It is generally used on the tops of the upright ends or elbows +which terminate seats, etc., in Gothic churches. + +Pop"u*lace (?), n. [F. populace, fr. It. popolaccio, popolazzo, fr. +popolo people, L. populus. See People.] The common people; the vulgar; +the multitude, -- comprehending all persons not distinguished by rank, +office, education, or profession. Pope. + + To . . . calm the peers and please the populace. + + +Daniel. + + They . . . call us Britain's barbarous populaces. + + +Tennyson. + +Syn. -- Mob; people; commonalty. + +Pop"u*la*cy (?), n. Populace. [Obs.] Feltham. + +Pop"u*lar (?), a. [L. popularis, fr. populus people: cf. F. populaire. +See People.] 1. Of or pertaining to the common people, or to the whole +body of the people, as distinguished from a select portion; as, the +popular voice; popular elections. "Popular states." Bacon. "So the +popular vote inclines." Milton. + + The men commonly held in popular estimation are greatest at a + distance. + + +J. H. Newman. + +2. Suitable to common people; easy to be comprehended; not abstruse; +familiar; plain. + + Homilies are plain popular instructions. + + +Hooker. + +3. Adapted to the means of the common people; possessed or obtainable +by the many; hence, cheap; common; ordinary; inferior; as, popular +prices; popular amusements. + + The smallest figs, called popular figs, . . . are, of all others, + the basest and of least account. + + +Holland. + +4. Beloved or approved by the people; pleasing to people in general, or +to many people; as, a popular preacher; a popular law; a popular +administration. + +5. Devoted to the common people; studious of the favor of the populace. +[R.] + + Such popular humanity is treason. + + +Addison. + +6. Prevailing among the people; epidemic; as, a popular disease. [Obs.] +Johnson. + +Popular action (Law), an action in which any person may sue for penalty +imposed by statute. Blackstone. + +||Pop`u*la"res (?), n. pl. [L.] The people or the people's party, in +||ancient Rome, as opposed to the optimates. + +Pop`u*lar"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Popularities (#). [L. popularitas an effort +to please the people: cf. F. popularitÈ.] 1. The quality or state of +being popular; especially, the state of being esteemed by, or of being +in favor with, the people at large; good will or favor proceeding from +the people; as, the popularity of a law, statesman, or a book. + + A popularity which has lasted down to our time. + + +Macaulay. + +2. The quality or state of being adapted or pleasing to common, poor, +or vulgar people; hence, cheapness; inferiority; vulgarity. + + This gallant laboring to avoid popularity falls into a habit of + affectation. + + +B. Jonson. + +3. Something which obtains, or is intended to obtain, the favor of the +vulgar; claptrap. + + Popularities, and circumstances which . . . sway the ordinary + judgment. + + +Bacon. + +4. The act of courting the favor of the people. [Obs.] "Indicted . . . +for popularity and ambition." Holland. + +5. Public sentiment; general passion. [R.] + + A little time be allowed for the madness of popularity to cease. + + +Bancroft. + +Pop`u*lar*i*za"tion (?), n. The act of making popular, or of +introducing among the people. + +Pop"u*lar*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Popularized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Popularizing (?).] [Cf. F. populariser.] To make popular; to make +suitable or acceptable to the common people; to make generally known; +as, to popularize philosophy. "The popularizing of religious teaching." +Milman. + +Pop"u*lar*i`zer (?), n. One who popularizes. + +Pop"u*lar*ly, adv. In a popular manner; so as to be generally favored +or accepted by the people; commonly; currently; as, the story was +popularity reported. + + The victor knight, Bareheaded, popularly low had bowed. + + +Dryden. + +Pop"u*lar*ness, n. The quality or state of being popular; popularity. +Coleridge. + +Pop"u*late (?), a. [L. populus people. See People.] Populous. [Obs.] +Bacon. + +Pop"u*late (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Populated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Populating.] To furnish with inhabitants, either by natural increase or +by immigration or colonization; to cause to be inhabited; to people. + +Pop"u*late, v. i. To propagate. [Obs.] + + Great shoals of people which go on to populate. + + +Bacon. + +Pop`u*la"tion (?), n. [L. populatio: cf. F. population.] 1. The act or +process of populating; multiplication of inhabitants. + +2. The whole number of people, or inhabitants, in a country, or portion +of a country; as, a population of ten millions. + +Pop"u*la`tor (?), n. One who populates. + +Pop"u*li*cide` (?), n. [L. populus people + caedere to kill.] Slaughter +of the people. [R.] + +Pop"u*lin (?), n. [L. populus poplar: cf. F. populine.] (Chem.) A +glycoside, related to salicin, found in the bark of certain species of +the poplar (Populus), and extracted as a sweet white crystalline +substance. + +<! p. 1115 !> + +Pop`u*los"i*ty (?), n. [L. populositas: cf. F. populositÈ.] +Populousness.[Obs.] + +Pop"u*lous (?), a. [L. populosus, fr. populus people: cf. F. populeux.] +1. Abounding in people; full of inhabitants; containing many +inhabitants in proportion to the extent of the country. + + Heaven, yet populous, retains Number sufficient to possess her + realms. + + +Milton. + +2. Popular; famous. [Obs.] J. Webster. + +3. Common; vulgar. [Obs.] Arden of Feversham. + +4. Numerous; in large number. [Obs.] "The dust . . . raised by your +populous troops." Shak. + +-- Pop"u*lous*ly, adv. -- Pop"u*lous*ness, n. + +Po*raille" (?), n. [OF. pouraille. See Poor.] Poor people; the poor. +[Obs.] Chaucer. + +Por"bea`gle (?), n. (Zoˆl.) A species of shark (Lamna cornubica), about +eight feet long, having a pointed nose and a crescent-shaped tail; -- +called also mackerel shark. [Written also probeagle.] + +Por"cate (?), a. [L. porca a ridge between two furrows.] (Zoˆl.) Having +grooves or furrows broader than the intervening ridges; furrowed. + +Por"ce*lain (?), n. (Bot.) Purslain. [Obs.] + +Por"ce*lain (277), n. [F. porcelaine, It. porcellana, orig., the +porcelain shell, or Venus shell (CyprÊa porcellana), from a dim. fr. L. +porcus pig, probably from the resemblance of the shell in shape to a +pig's back. Porcelain was called after this shell, either on account of +its smoothness and whiteness, or because it was believed to be made +from it. See Pork.] A fine translucent or semitransculent kind of +earthenware, made first in China and Japan, but now also in Europe and +America; -- called also China, or China ware. + + Porcelain, by being pure, is apt to break. + + +Dryden. + +Ivory porcelain, porcelain with a surface like ivory, produced by +depolishing. See Depolishing. -- Porcelain clay. See under Clay. -- +Porcelain crab (Zoˆl.), any crab of the genus Porcellana and allied +genera (family PorcellanidÊ). They have a smooth, polished carapace. -- +Porcelain jasper. (Min.) See Porcelanite. -- Porcelain printing, the +transferring of an impression of an engraving to porcelain. -- +Porcelain shell (Zoˆl.), a cowry. + +Por"ce*lain*ized (?), a. (Geol.) Baked like potter's lay; -- applied to +clay shales that have been converted by heat into a substance +resembling porcelain. + +{ Por`ce*la"ne*ous (?), Por`cel*la"ne*ous (?), } a. 1. Of or pertaining +to porcelain; resembling porcelain; as, porcelaneous shells. + +2. (Zoˆl.) Having a smooth, compact shell without pores; -- said of +certain Foraminifera. + +Por"ce*la*nite (?), n. [Cf. F. porcelanite.] (Min.) A semivitrified +clay or shale, somewhat resembling jasper; -- called also porcelain +jasper. + +{ Por"ce*la`nous (?), Por"cel*la`nous (?), } a. Porcelaneous. Ure. + +Porch (?), n. [F. porche, L. porticus, fr. porta a gate, entrance, or +passage. See Port a gate, and cf. Portico.] 1. (Arch.) A covered and +inclosed entrance to a building, whether taken from the interior, and +forming a sort of vestibule within the main wall, or projecting without +and with a separate roof. Sometimes the porch is large enough to serve +as a covered walk. See also Carriage porch, under Carriage, and Loggia. + + The graceless Helen in the porch I spied Of Vesta's temple. + + +Dryden. + +2. A portico; a covered walk. [Obs.] + + Repair to Pompey's porch, where you shall find find us. + + +Shak. + +The Porch, a public portico, or great hall, in Athens, where Zeno, the +philosopher, taught his disciples; hence, sometimes used as equivalent +to the school of the Stoics. It was called "h poiki`lh stoa`. [See +Poicile.] + +Por"cine (?), a. [L. porcinus, from porcus a swine. See Pork.] Of or +pertaining to swine; characteristic of the hog. "Porcine cheeks." G. +Eliot. + +Por"cu*pine (?), n. [OE. porkepyn, porpentine, OF. porc-espi, F. porc- +Èpic (cf. It. porco spino, porco spinoso, Sp. puerco espino, puerco +espin, fr. L. porcus swine + spina thorn, spine). The last part of the +French word is perhaps a corruption from the It. or Sp.; cf. F. Èpi +ear, a spike of grain, L. spica. See Pork, Spike a large nail, Spine.] +1. (Zoˆl.) Any Old Word rodent of the genus Hystrix, having the back +covered with long, sharp, erectile spines or quills, sometimes a foot +long. The common species of Europe and Asia (Hystrix cristata) is the +best known. + +2. (Zoˆl.) Any species of Erethizon and related genera, native of +America. They are related to the true porcupines, but have shorter +spines, and are arboreal in their habits. The Canada porcupine +(Erethizon dorsatus) is a well known species. + +Porcupine ant-eater (Zoˆl.), the echidna. -- Porcupine crab (Zoˆl.), a +large spiny Japanese crab (Acantholithodes hystrix). -- Porcupine +disease (Med.). See Ichthyosis. -- Porcupine fish (Zoˆl.), any +plectognath fish having the body covered with spines which become erect +when the body is inflated. See Diodon, and Globefish. -- Porcupine +grass (Bot.), a grass (Stipa spartea) with grains bearing a stout +twisted awn, which, by coiling and uncoiling through changes in +moisture, propels the sharp-pointed and barbellate grain into the wool +and flesh of sheep. It is found from Illinois westward. See +Illustration in Appendix. -- Porcupine wood (Bot.), the hard outer wood +of the cocoa palm; -- so called because, when cut horizontally, the +markings of the wood resemble the quills of a porcupine. + +Pore (?), n. [F., fr. L. porus, Gr. &?; a passage, a pore. See Fare, +v.] 1. One of the minute orifices in an animal or vegetable membrane, +for transpiration, absorption, etc. + +2. A minute opening or passageway; an interstice between the +constituent particles or molecules of a body; as, the pores of stones. + +Pore, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Pored (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Poring.] [OE. +poren, of uncertain origin; cf. D. porren to poke, thrust, Gael. purr.] +To look or gaze steadily in reading or studying; to fix the attention; +to be absorbed; -- often with on or upon, and now usually with +over."Painfully to pore upon a book." Shak. + + The eye grows weary with poring perpetually on the same thing. + + +Dryden. + +Pore"blind` (?), a. [Probably influenced by pore, v. See Purblind.] +Nearsighted; shortsighted; purblind. [Obs.] Bacon. + +Por"er (?), n. One who pores. + +Por"gy (?), n.; pl. Porgies (#). [See Paugie.] (Zoˆl.) (a) The scup. +(b) The sailor's choice, or pinfish. (c) The margate fish. (d) The +spadefish. (e) Any one of several species of embiotocoids, or surf +fishes, of the Pacific coast. The name is also given locally to several +other fishes, as the bur fish. [Written also porgee, porgie, and +paugy.] + +||Po*rif"e*ra (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. L. porus pore + ferre to bear.] +||(Zoˆl.) A grand division of the Invertebrata, including the sponges; +||-- called also SpongiÊ, Spongida, and Spongiozoa. The principal +||divisions are CalcispongiÊ, Keratosa or FibrospongiÊ, and Silicea. + +Po*rif"er*an (?), n. (Zoˆl.) One of the Polifera. + +||Po*rif`e*ra"ta (?), n. pl. [NL.] The Polifera. + +Po"ri*form (?), a. [L. porus pore + -form: cf. F. poriforme.] +Resembling a pore, or small puncture. + +Po"rime (?), n. [Gr. &?; practicable.] (Math.) A theorem or proposition +so easy of demonstration as to be almost self-evident. [R.] Crabb. + +Por"i*ness (?), n. Porosity. Wiseman. + +Po"rism (?), n. [Gr. &?; a thing procured, a deduction from a +demonstration, fr. &?; to bring, provide: cf. F. porisme.] 1. (Geom.) A +proposition affirming the possibility of finding such conditions as +will render a certain determinate problem indeterminate or capable of +innumerable solutions. Playfair. + +2. (Gr. Geom.) A corollary. Brande & C. + +Three books of porisms of Euclid have been lost, but several attempts +to determine the nature of these propositions and to restore them have +been made by modern geometers. + +{ Po`ris*mat"ic (?), Po`ris*mat"ic*al (?), } a. Of or pertaining to a +porism; poristic. + +{ Po*ris"tic (?), Po*ris"tic*al (?), } a.[Gr. &?; for providing, &?; +provided.] Of or pertaining to a porism; of the nature of a porism. + +Po"rite (?), n. [Cf. F. porite. See Pore, n.] (Zoˆl.) Any coral of the +genus Porites, or family PoritidÊ. + +||Po*ri"tes (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. po`ros a pore.] (Zoˆl.) An important +||genus of reef-building corals having small twelve-rayed calicles, and +||a very porous coral. Some species are branched, others grow in large +||massive or globular forms. + +Pork (?), n. [F. porc, L. porcus hog, pig. See Farrow a litter of pigs, +and cf. Porcelain, Porpoise.] The flesh of swine, fresh or salted, used +for food. + +Pork"er (?), n. A hog. Pope. + +Pork"et (?), n. [Dim. of F. porc. See Pork.] A young hog; a pig. [R.] +Dryden. W. Howitt. + +Pork"ling (?), n. A pig; a porket. Tusser. + +Pork"wood` (?), n. (Bot.) The coarse-grained brownish yellow wood of a +small tree (Pisonia obtusata) of Florida and the West Indies. Also +called pigeon wood, beefwood, and corkwood. + +Por`ne*ras"tic (?), a. [Gr. &?; harlot + &?; to love.] Lascivious; +licentious. [R.] F. Harrison. + +Por`no*graph"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to pornography; lascivious; +licentious; as, pornographic writing. + +Por*nog"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr. &?; a harlot + -graphy.] 1. Licentious +painting or literature; especially, the painting anciently employed to +decorate the walls of rooms devoted to bacchanalian orgies. + +2. (Med.) A treatise on prostitutes, or prostitution. + +Po*ros"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. porositÈ.] The quality or state of being +porous; -- opposed to density. + +Po*rot"ic (?), n. [Gr. &?; callus.] (Med.) A medicine supposed to +promote the formation of callus. + +Por"ous (?), a. [Cf. F. poreux. See Pore, n.] Full of pores; having +interstices in the skin or in the substance of the body; having +spiracles or passages for fluids; permeable by liquids; as, a porous +skin; porous wood. "The veins of porous earth." Milton. + +Por"ous*ly, adv. In a porous manner. + +Por"ous*ness, n. 1. The quality of being porous. + +2. The open parts; the interstices of anything. [R.] + + They will forcibly get into the porousness of it. + + +Sir K. Digby. + +Por"pen*tine (?), n. Porcupine. [Obs.] Shak. + +Por"pesse (?), n. A porpoise. [Obs.] + +Por`phy*ra"ceous (?), a. Porphyritic. + +Por"phyre (?), n. Porphyry. [Obs.] Locke. + +Por"phy*rite (?), n. (Min.) A rock with a porphyritic structure; as, +augite porphyrite. + +Por`phy*rit"ic (?), a. [Cf. F. porphyritique.] (Min.) Relating to, or +resembling, porphyry, that is, characterized by the presence of +distinct crystals, as of feldspar, quartz, or augite, in a relatively +fine-grained base, often aphanitic or cryptocrystalline. + +Por`phy*ri*za"tion (?), n. The act of porphyrizing, or the state of +being porphyrized. + +Por`phy*rize (?), v. t. [Cf. F. porphyriser, Gr. &?; to purplish.] To +cause to resemble porphyry; to make spotted in composition, like +porphyry. + +Por`phy*ro*gen"i*tism (?), n. [LL. porphyro genitus, fr. Gr. &?;; &?; +purple + root of &?; to be born.] The principle of succession in royal +families, especially among the Eastern Roman emperors, by which a +younger son, if born after the accession of his father to the throne, +was preferred to an elder son who was not so born. Sir T. Palgrave. + +Por"phy*ry (?), n.; pl. Porphyries (#). [F. porphyre, L. porphyrites, +fr. Gr. &?; like purple, fr. &?; purple. See Purple.] (Geol.) A term +used somewhat loosely to designate a rock consisting of a fine-grained +base (usually feldspathic) through which crystals, as of feldspar or +quartz, are disseminated. There are red, purple, and green varieties, +which are highly esteemed as marbles. + +Porphyry shell (Zoˆl.), a handsome marine gastropod shell (Oliva +porphyria), having a dark red or brown polished surface, marked with +light spots, like porphyry. + +||Por"pi*ta (?), n. [NL., from Gr. &?; brooch.] (Zoˆl.) A genus of +||bright-colored Siphonophora found floating in the warmer parts of the +||ocean. The individuals are round and disk-shaped, with a large zooid +||in the center of the under side, surrounded by smaller nutritive and +||reproductive zooids, and by slender dactylozooids near the margin. +||The disk contains a central float, or pneumatocyst. + +Por"poise (?), n. [OE. porpeys, OF. porpeis, literally, hog fish, from +L. porcus swine + piscis fish. See Pork, and Fish.] 1. (Zoˆl.) Any +small cetacean of the genus PhocÊna, especially P. communis, or P. +phocÊna, of Europe, and the closely allied American species (P. +Americana). The color is dusky or blackish above, paler beneath. They +are closely allied to the dolphins, but have a shorter snout. Called +also harbor porpoise, herring hag, puffing pig, and snuffer. + +2. (Zoˆl.) A true dolphin (Delphinus); -- often so called by sailors. + +Skunk porpoise, or Bay porpoise (Zoˆl.), a North American porpoise +(Lagenorhynchus acutus), larger than the common species, and with broad +stripes of white and yellow on the sides. See Illustration in Appendix. + +||Por`po*ri"no (?), n. [It.] A composition of quicksilver, tin, and +||sulphur, forming a yellow powder, sometimes used by mediÊval artists, +||for the sake of economy, instead of gold. Fairholt. + +Por"pus (?), n. A porpoise. [Obs.] Swift. + +Por*ra"ceous (?), a. [L. porraceus, from porrum, porrus, a leek.] +Resembling the leek in color; greenish. [R.] "Porraceous vomiting." +Wiseman. + +Por*rect" (?), a. [L. porrectus, p. p. of porrigere to stretch out +before one's self, to but forth.] Extended horizontally; stretched out. + +Por*rec"tion (?), n. [L. porrectio: cf. F. porrection.] The act of +stretching forth. + +Por"ret (?), n. [F. porrette, fr. L. porrum, porrus, leek. See +Porraceous.] A scallion; a leek or small onion. [R.] Sir T. Browne. + +Por"ridge (?), n. [Probably corrupted fr. pottage; perh. influenced by +OE. porree a kind of pottage, OF. porrÈe, fr. L. porrum, porrus, leek. +See Pottage, and cf. Porringer.] A food made by boiling some leguminous +or farinaceous substance, or the meal of it, in water or in milk, +making of broth or thin pudding; as, barley porridge, milk porridge, +bean porridge, etc. + +Por"rin*ger (?), n. [OE. pottanger, for pottager; cf. F. potager a soup +basin. See Porridge.] A porridge dish; esp., a bowl or cup from which +children eat or are fed; as, a silver porringer. Wordsworth. + +Port (?), n. [From Oporto, in Portugal, i. e., &?; porto the port, L. +portus. See Port harbor.] A dark red or purple astringent wine made in +Portugal. It contains a large percentage of alcohol. + +Port, n. [AS. port, L. portus: cf. F. port. See Farm, v., Ford, and +1st, 3d, & 4h Port.] 1. A place where ships may ride secure from +storms; a sheltered inlet, bay, or cove; a harbor; a haven. Used also +figuratively. + +<! p. 1116 !> + + Peering in maps for ports and piers and roads. + + +Shak. + + We are in port if we have Thee. + + +Keble. + +2. In law and commercial usage, a harbor where vessels are admitted to +discharge and receive cargoes, from whence they depart and where they +finish their voyages. + +Free port. See under Free. -- Port bar. (Naut,) (a) A boom. See Boom, +4, also Bar, 3. (b) A bar, as of sand, at the mouth of, or in, a port. +-- Port charges (Com.), charges, as wharfage, etc., to which a ship or +its cargo is subjected in a harbor. -- Port of entry, a harbor where a +customhouse is established for the legal entry of merchandise. -- Port +toll (Law), a payment made for the privilege of bringing goods into +port. -- Port warden, the officer in charge of a port; a harbor master. + +Port (?), n. [F. porte, L. porta, akin to portus; cf. AS. porte, fr. L. +porta. See Port a harbor, and cf. Porte.] 1. A passageway; an opening +or entrance to an inclosed place; a gate; a door; a portal. [Archaic] + + Him I accuse The city ports by this hath entered. + + +Shak. + + Form their ivory port the cherubim Forth issuing. + + +Milton. + +2. (Naut.) An opening in the side of a vessel; an embrasure through +which cannon may be discharged; a porthole; also, the shutters which +close such an opening. + + Her ports being within sixteen inches of the water. + + +Sir W. Raleigh. + +3. (Mach.) A passageway in a machine, through which a fluid, as steam, +water, etc., may pass, as from a valve to the interior of the cylinder +of a steam engine; an opening in a valve seat, or valve face. + +Air port, Bridle port, etc. See under Air, Bridle, etc. -- Port bar +(Naut.), a bar to secure the ports of a ship in a gale. -- Port lid +(Naut.), a lid or hanging for closing the portholes of a vessel. -- +Steam port, ∧ Exhaust port (Steam Engine), the ports of the +cylinder communicating with the valve or valves, for the entrance or +exit of the steam, respectively. + +Port, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ported; p. pr. & vb. n. Porting.] [F. porter, +L. portare to carry. See Port demeanor.] 1. To carry; to bear; to +transport. [Obs.] + + They are easily ported by boat into other shires. + + +Fuller. + +2. (Mil.) To throw, as a musket, diagonally across the body, with the +lock in front, the right hand grasping the small of the stock, and the +barrel sloping upward and crossing the point of the left shoulder; as, +to port arms. + + Began to hem him round with ported spears. + + +Milton. + +Port arms, a position in the manual of arms, executed as above. + +Port, n. [F. port, fr. porter to carry, L. portare, prob. akin to E. +fare, v. See Port harbor, and cf. Comport, Export, Sport.] The manner +in which a person bears himself; deportment; carriage; bearing; +demeanor; hence, manner or style of living; as, a proud port. Spenser. + + And of his port as meek as is a maid. + + +Chaucer. + + The necessities of pomp, grandeur, and a suitable port in the + world. + + +South. + +Port, n. [Etymology uncertain.] (Naut.) The larboard or left side of a +ship (looking from the stern toward the bow); as, a vessel heels to +port. See Note under Larboard. Also used adjectively. + +Port, v. t. (Naut.) To turn or put to the left or larboard side of a +ship; -- said of the helm, and used chiefly in the imperative, as a +command; as, port your helm. + +||Por"ta (?), n.; pl. PortÊ (#). [L., a gate. See Port a hole.] (Anat.) +||(a) The part of the liver or other organ where its vessels and nerves +||enter; the hilus. (b) The foramen of Monro. B. G. Wilder. + +Port`a*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being portable; fitness +to be carried. + +Port"a*ble (?), a. [L. portabilis, fr. portare to carry: cf. F. +portable. See Port demeanor.] 1. Capable of being borne or carried; +easily transported; conveyed without difficulty; as, a portable bed, +desk, engine. South. + +2. Possible to be endured; supportable. [Obs.] + + How light and portable my pain seems now! + + +Shak. + +Portable forge. See under Forge. -- Portable steam engine. See under +Steam engine. + +Port"a*ble*ness, n. The quality or state of being portable; +portability. + +Por"tace (?; 48), n. See Portass. [Obs.] + +Port"age (?; 48), n. [From 2d Port.] (Naut.) (a) A sailor's wages when +in port. (b) The amount of a sailor's wages for a voyage. + +Port"age, n. [3d Port.] A porthole. [Obs.] Shak. + +Por"tage (?), n. [F., from porter to carry. See Port to carry.] 1. The +act of carrying or transporting. + +2. The price of carriage; porterage. Bp. Fell. + +3. Capacity for carrying; tonnage. [Obs.] Hakluyt. + +4. A carry between navigable waters. See 3d Carry. + +Por"tage (?), v. t. & i. To carry (goods, boats, etc.) overland between +navigable waters. + +Por"tage group` (?). [So called from the township of Portage in New +York.] (Geol.) A subdivision of the Chemung period in American geology. +See Chart of Geology. + +Por"ta*gue (?), n. [See Portuguese.] A Portuguese gold coin formerly +current, and variously estimated to be worth from three and one half to +four and one half pounds sterling. [Obs.] [Written also portegue and +portigue.] + + Ten thousand portagues, besides great pearls. + + +Marlowe. + +Por"tal (?), n. [OF. portal, F. portail, LL. portale, fr. L. porta a +gate. See Port a gate.] 1. A door or gate; hence, a way of entrance or +exit, especially one that is grand and imposing. + + Thick with sparkling orient gems The portal shone. + + +Milton. + + From out the fiery portal of the east. + + +Shak. + +2. (Arch.) (a) The lesser gate, where there are two of different +dimensions. (b) Formerly, a small square corner in a room separated +from the rest of the apartment by wainscoting, forming a short passage +to another apartment. (c) By analogy with the French portail, used by +recent writers for the whole architectural composition which surrounds +and includes the doorways and porches of a church. + +3. (Bridge Building) The space, at one end, between opposite trusses +when these are terminated by inclined braces. + +4. A prayer book or breviary; a portass. [Obs.] + +Portal bracing (Bridge Building), a combination of struts and ties +which lie in the plane of the inclined braces at a portal, serving to +transfer wind pressure from the upper parts of the trusses to an +abutment or pier of the bridge. + +Por"tal (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to a porta, especially the +porta of the liver; as, the portal vein, which enters the liver at the +porta, and divides into capillaries after the manner of an artery. + +Portal is applied to other veins which break up into capillaries; as, +the renal portal veins in the frog. + +||Por`ta*men"to (?), n. [It., fr. portare to carry.] (Mus.) In singing, +||or in the use of the bow, a gradual carrying or lifting of the voice +||or sound very smoothly from one note to another; a gliding from tone +||to tone. + +Por"tance (?), n. See Port, carriage, demeanor. [Obs.] Spenser. Shak. + +Por"tass (?), n. [OF. porte-hors a kind of prayer book, so called from +being portable; cf. LL. portiforium.] A breviary; a prayer book. +[Written variously portace, portasse, portesse, portise, porthose, +portos, portus, portuse, etc.] [Obs.] Spenser. Camden. + + By God and by this porthors I you swear. + + +Chaucer. + +Por"tate (?), a. [L. portatus, p. p. of portare to carry.] (Her.) Borne +not erect, but diagonally athwart an escutcheon; as, a cross portate. + +Por"ta*tive (?), a. [Cf. F. portatif.] 1. Portable. [Obs.] + +2. (Physics) Capable of holding up or carrying; as, the portative force +of a magnet, of atmospheric pressure, or of capillarity. + +Port"cluse (?), n. A portcullis. [Obs.] + +Port`cray"on (?), n. [F. porte- crayon; porter to carry + crayon a +crayon.] A metallic handle with a clasp for holding a crayon. + +Port*cul"lis (?), n. [OF. porte coulisse, coleÔce, a sliding door, fr. +L. colare, colatum, to filter, to strain: cf. F. couler to glide. See +Port a gate, and cf. Cullis, Colander.] 1. (Fort.) A grating of iron or +of timbers pointed with iron, hung over the gateway of a fortress, to +be let down to prevent the entrance of an enemy. "Let the portcullis +fall." Sir W. Scott. + + She . . . the huge portcullis high updrew. + + +Milton. + +2. An English coin of the reign of Elizabeth, struck for the use of the +East India Company; -- so called from its bearing the figure of a +portcullis on the reverse. + +Port*cul"lis, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Portcullised (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Portcullising.] To obstruct with, or as with, a portcullis; to shut; to +bar. [R.] Shak. + +Porte (?), n. [F. porte a gate, L. porta. See Port a gate.] The Ottoman +court; the government of the Turkish empire, officially called the +Sublime Porte, from the gate (port) of the sultan's palace at which +justice was administered. + +||Porte"-co`chËre" (?), n. [F. See Port a gate, and Coach.] (Arch.) A +||large doorway allowing vehicles to drive into or through a building. +||It is common to have the entrance door open upon the passage of the +||porte-cochËre. Also, a porch over a driveway before an entrance door. + +Port"ed (?), a. Having gates. [Obs.] + + We took the sevenfold-ported Thebes. + + +Chapman. + +Por"te*gue (?), n. See Portague. [Obs.] + +Porte"mon*naie` (?), n. [F., fr. porter to carry + monnaie money.] A +small pocketbook or wallet for carrying money. + +Por*tend" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Portended; p. pr. & vb. n. +Portending.] [L. portendre, portentum, to foretell, to predict, to +impend, from an old preposition used in comp. + tendere to stretch. See +Position, Tend.] 1. To indicate (events, misfortunes, etc.) as in +future; to foreshow; to foretoken; to bode; -- now used esp. of +unpropitious signs. Bacon. + + Many signs portended a dark and stormy day. + + +Macaulay. + +2. To stretch out before. [R.] "Doomed to feel the great Idomeneus' +portended steel." Pope. + +Syn. -- To foreshow; foretoken; betoken; forebode; augur; presage; +foreshadow; threaten. + +Por*ten"sion (?), n. The act of foreshowing; foreboding. [R.] Sir T. +Browne. + +Por*tent" (?; 277), n. [L. portentum. See Portend.] That which +portends, or foretoken; esp., that which portends evil; a sign of +coming calamity; an omen; a sign. Shak. + + My loss by dire portents the god foretold. + + +Dryden. + +Por*tent"ive (?), a. Presaging; foreshadowing. + +Por*tent"ous (?), a. [L. portentosus.] 1. Of the nature of a portent; +containing portents; foreshadowing, esp. foreshadowing ill; ominous. + + For, I believe, they are portentous things. + + +Shak. + + Victories of strange and almost portentous splendor. + + +Macaulay. + +2. Hence: Monstrous; prodigious; wonderful; dreadful; as, a beast of +portentous size. Roscommon. + +-- Por*tent"ous*ly, adv. -- Por*tent"ous*ness, n. + +Por"ter (?), n. [F. portier, L. portarius, from porta a gate, door. See +Port a gate.] A man who has charge of a door or gate; a doorkeeper; one +who waits at the door to receive messages. Shak. + + To him the porter openeth. + + +John x. 3. + +Por"ter, n. [F. porteur, fr. porter to carry, L. portare. See Port to +carry.] 1. A carrier; one who carries or conveys burdens, luggage, +etc.; for hire. + +2. (Forging) A bar of iron or steel at the end of which a forging is +made; esp., a long, large bar, to the end of which a heavy forging is +attached, and by means of which the forging is lifted and handled in +hammering and heating; -- called also porter bar. + +3. A malt liquor, of a dark color and moderately bitter taste, +possessing tonic and intoxicating qualities. + +Porter is said to be so called as having been first used chiefly by the +London porters, and this application of the word is supposed to be not +older than 1750. + +Por"ter*age (?), n. 1. The work of a porter; the occupation of a +carrier or of a doorkeeper. + +2. Money charged or paid for the carriage of burdens or parcels by a +porter. + +Por"ter*ess, n. See Portress. + +Por"ter*house, n. A house where porter is sold. + +Porterhouse steak, a steak cut from a sirloin of beet, including the +upper and under part. + +Por"tesse (?), n. See Porteass. [Obs.] Tyndale. + +Port"fire` (?), n. A case of strong paper filled with a composition of +niter, sulphur, and mealed powder, -- used principally to ignite the +priming in proving guns, and as an incendiary material in shells. + +Port*fol"io (?), n. [F. portefeuille; porter to carry + feuille a leaf. +See Port to carry, and Folio.] 1. A portable case for holding loose +papers, prints, drawings, etc. + +2. Hence: The office and functions of a minister of state or member of +the cabinet; as, to receive the portfolio of war; to resign the +portfolio. + +Port"glave (?), n. [F. porte- glaive; porter to carry + glaive a +sword.] A sword bearer. [Obs.] + +{ Port"greve` (?), Port"grave` (?), }[AS. portgerfa; port a harbor + +gerfa a reeve or sheriff. See Reeve a steward, and cf. Portreeve.] In +old English law, the chief magistrate of a port or maritime town.; a +portreeve. [Obs.] Fabyan. + +Port"hole` (?), n. (Naut.) An embrasure in a ship's side. See 3d Port. + +Port"hook` (?), n. (Naut.) One of the iron hooks to which the port +hinges are attached. J. Knowles. + +Port"hors` (?), n. See Portass. [Obs.] Chaucer. + +Por"ti*co, n.; pl. Porticoes (#) or Porticos. [It., L. porticus. See +Porch.] (Arch.) A colonnade or covered ambulatory, especially in +classical styles of architecture; usually, a colonnade at the entrance +of a building. + +Por"ti*coed (?), a. Furnished with a portico. + +||Por`tiËre"" (?), n. [F., fr. porte gate, door. See Port a gate.] A +||curtain hanging across a doorway. + +Por"ti*gue (?), n. See Portague. Beau. & Fl. + +Por"tin*gal (?), a. Of or pertaining to Portugal; Portuguese. [Obs.] -- +n. A Portuguese. [Obs.] + +Por"tion (?), n. [F., from L. portio, akin to pars, partis, a part. See +Part, n.] 1. That which is divided off or separated, as a part from a +whole; a separated part of anything. + +2. A part considered by itself, though not actually cut off or +separated from the whole. + + These are parts of his ways; but how little a portion is heard of + him! + + +Job xxvi. 14. + + Portions and parcels of the dreadful past. + + +Tennyson. + +3. A part assigned; allotment; share; fate. + + The lord of that servant . . . will appoint him his portion with + the unbelievers. + + +Luke xii. 46. + + Man's portion is to die and rise again. + + +Keble. + +4. The part of an estate given to a child or heir, or descending to him +by law, and distributed to him in the settlement of the estate; an +inheritance. + + Give me the portion of goods that falleth to me. + + +Luke xv. 12. + +5. A wife's fortune; a dowry. Shak. + +Syn. -- Division; share; parcel; quantity; allotment; dividend. -- +Portion, Part. Part is generic, having a simple reference to some +whole. Portion has the additional idea of such a division as bears +reference to an individual, or is allotted to some object; as, a +portion of one's time; a portion of Scripture. + +Por"tion, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Portioned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Portioning.] 1. To separate or divide into portions or shares; to +parcel; to distribute. + + And portion to his tribes the wide domain. + + +Pope. + +2. To endow with a portion or inheritance. + + Him portioned maids, apprenticed orphans, blest. + + +Pope. + +<! p. 1117 !> + +Por"tion*er (?), n. 1. One who portions. + +2. (Eccl.) See Portionist, 2. + +Por"tion*ist (?), n. 1. A scholar at Merton College, Oxford, who has a +certain academical allowance or portion; -- corrupted into postmaster. +Shipley. + +2. (Eccl.) One of the incumbents of a benefice which has two or more +rectors or vicars. + +Por"tion*less, a. Having no portion. + +Por"tise (?), n. See Portass. [Obs.] + +Port"land ce*ment" (?). A cement having the color of the Portland stone +of England, made by calcining an artificial mixture of carbonate of +lime and clay, or sometimes certain natural limestones or chalky clays. +It contains a large proportion of clay, and hardens under water. + +Port"land stone" (?). A yellowish-white calcareous freestone from the +Isle of Portland in England, much used in building. + +Port"land vase` (?). A celebrated cinerary urn or vase found in the +tomb of the Emperor Alexander Severus. It is owned by the Duke of +Portland, and kept in the British Museum. + +Port"last (?), n. (Naut.) The portoise. See Portoise. + +Port"li*ness (?), n. 1. The quality or state of being portly; dignity +of mien or of personal appearance; stateliness. + + Such pride is praise; such portliness is honor. + + +Spenser. + +2. Bulkiness; corpulence. + +Port"ly, a. [From Port demeanor.] 1. Having a dignified port or mien; +of a noble appearance; imposing. + +2. Bulky; corpulent. "A portly personage." Dickens. + +Port"man (?), n.; pl. Portmen (&?;). An inhabitant or burgess of a +port, esp. of one of the Cinque Ports. + +Port*man"teau (?), n.; pl. Portmanteaus (#). [F. porte-manteau; porter +to carry + manteau a cloak, mantle. See Port to carry, and Mantle.] A +bag or case, usually of leather, for carrying wearing apparel, etc., on +journeys. Thackeray. + +Port*man"tle (?), n. A portmanteau. [Obs.] + +Port"mote` (?), n. In old English law, a court, or mote, held in a port +town. [Obs.] Blackstone. + +Por"toir (?), n. [OF., fr. porter to bear.] One who, or that which, +bears; hence, one who, or that which, produces. [Obs.] + + Branches . . . which were portoirs, and bare grapes. + + +Holland. + +Por"toise (?), n. [Perhaps fr. OF. porteis portative, portable.] +(Naut.) The gunwale of a ship. + +To lower the yards a-portoise, to lower them to the gunwale. -- To ride +a portoise, to ride an anchor with the lower yards and topmasts struck +or lowered, as in a gale of wind. + +Por"tos (?), n. See Portass. [Obs.] + +Port"pane (?), n. [From L. portare to carry + panis bread; prob. +through French.] A cloth for carrying bread, so as not to touch it with +the hands. [Obs.] + +Por"trait (?), n. [F., originally p. p. of portraire to portray. See +Portray.] 1. The likeness of a person, painted, drawn, or engraved; +commonly, a representation of the human face painted from real life. + + In portraits, the grace, and, we may add, the likeness, consists + more in the general air than in the exact similitude of every + feature. + + +Sir J. Reynolds. + +The meaning of the word is sometimes extended so as to include a +photographic likeness. + +2. Hence, any graphic or vivid delineation or description of a person; +as, a portrait in words. + +Portrait bust, or Portrait statue, a bust or statue representing the +actual features or person of an individual; -- in distinction from an +ideal bust or statue. + +Por"trait, v. t. To portray; to draw. [Obs.] Spenser. + +Por"trait*ist, n. A portrait painter. [R.] Hamerton. + +Por"trai*ture (?; 135), n. [F. portraiture.] 1. A portrait; a likeness; +a painted resemblance; hence, that which is copied from some example or +model. + + For, by the image of my cause, I see The portraiture of his. + + +Shak. + + Divinity maketh the love of ourselves the pattern; the love of our + neighbors but the portraiture. + + +Bacon. + +2. Pictures, collectively; painting. [Obs.] Chaucer. + +3. The art or practice of making portraits. Walpole. + +Por"trai*ture, v. t. To represent by a portrait, or as by a portrait; +to portray. [R.] Shaftesbury. + +Por*tray" (?), v. t. [Written also pourtray.] [imp. & p. p. portrayed +(&?;); p. pr. & vb. n. Portraying.] [OE. pourtraien, OF. portraire, +pourtraire, F. portraire, fr. L. protrahere, protractum, to draw or +drag forth; pro forward, forth + trahere to draw. See Trace, v. t., and +cf. Protract.] 1. To paint or draw the likeness of; as, to portray a +king on horseback. + + Take a tile, and lay it before thee, and portray upon it the city, + even Jerusalem. + + +Ezek. iv. 1. + +2. Hence, figuratively, to describe in words. + +3. To adorn with pictures. [R.] + + Spear and helmets thronged, and shields Various with boastful + arguments potrayed. + + +Milton. + +Por*tray"al (?), n. The act or process of portraying; description; +delineation. + +Por*tray"er (?), n. One who portrays. Chaucer. + +Port"reeve` (?), n. A port warden. + +Por"tress (?), n. A female porter. Milton. + +Port-roy"al*ist (?), n. (Eccl. Hist.) One of the dwellers in the +Cistercian convent of Port Royal des Champs, near Paris, when it was +the home of the Jansenists in the 17th century, among them being +Arnauld, Pascal, and other famous scholars. Cf. Jansenist. + +Port"sale` (?), n. [Port gate + sale.] Public or open sale; auction. +[Obs.] Holland. + +Por"tu*a*ry (?; 135), n. [Cf. Portass.] (R. C. Ch.) A breviary. [Eng.] + +Por"tu*guese (?), a. [Cf. F. portugais, Sp. portugues, Pg. portuguez.] +Of or pertaining to Portugal, or its inhabitants. -- n. sing. & pl. A +native or inhabitant of Portugal; people of Portugal. + +Portuguese man-of-war. (Zoˆl.) See Physalia. + +||Por`tu*la"ca (?), n. [L., purslane.] (Bot.) A genus of polypetalous +||plants; also, any plant of the genus. + +Portulaca oleracea is the common purslane. P. grandiflora is a South +American herb, widely cultivated for its showy crimson, scarlet, +yellow, or white, ephemeral blossoms. + +Por`tu*la*ca"ceous (?), a. (Bot.) Of or pertaining to a natural order +of plants (PortulacaceÊ), of which Portulaca is the type, and which +includes also the spring beauty (Claytonia) and other genera. + +Por"wi`gle (?), n. See Polliwig. + +Por"y (?), a. Porous; as, pory stone. [R.] Dryden. + +||Po`sÈ" (?), a. [F., placed, posed.] (Her.) Standing still, with all +||the feet on the ground; -- said of the attitude of a lion, horse, or +||other beast. + +Pose (?), n. [AS. gepose; of uncertain origin; cf. W. pas a cough, Skr. +ks to cough, and E. wheeze.] A cold in the head; catarrh. [Obs.] +Chaucer. + +Pose (?), n. [F. pose, fr. poser. See Pose, v. t.] The attitude or +position of a person; the position of the body or of any member of the +body; especially, a position formally assumed for the sake of effect; +an artificial position; as, the pose of an actor; the pose of an +artist's model or of a statue. + +Pose, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Posed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Posing.] [F. poser +to place, to put, L. pausare to pause, in LL. also, to place, put, fr. +L. pausa a pause, Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to make to cease, prob. akin to E. +few. In compounds, this word appears corresponding to L. ponere to put, +place, the substitution in French having been probably due to confusion +of this word with L. positio position, fr. ponere. See Few, and cf. +Appose, Dispose, Oppose, Pause, Repose, Position.] To place in an +attitude or fixed position, for the sake of effect; to arrange the +posture and drapery of (a person) in a studied manner; as, to pose a +model for a picture; to pose a sitter for a portrait. + +Pose, v. i. To assume and maintain a studied attitude, with studied +arrangement of drapery; to strike an attitude; to attitudinize; +figuratively, to assume or affect a certain character; as, she poses as +a prude. + + He . . . posed before her as a hero. + + +Thackeray. + +Pose, v. t. [Shortened from appose, for oppose. See 2d Appose, Oppose.] +1. To interrogate; to question. [Obs.] "She . . . posed him and sifted +him." Bacon. + +2. To question with a view to puzzling; to embarrass by questioning or +scrutiny; to bring to a stand. + + A question wherewith a learned Pharisee thought to pose and puzzle + him. + + +Barrow. + +Posed (?), a. Firm; determined; fixed. "A most posed . . . and grave +behavior." [Obs.] Urquhart. + +Pos"er (?), n. One who, or that which, puzzles; a difficult or +inexplicable question or fact. Bacon. + +Po"sied (?), a. Inscribed with a posy. + + In poised lockets bribe the fair. + + +Gay. + +Pos"ing*ly (?), adv. So as to pose or puzzle. + +Pos"it (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Posited; p. pr. & vb. n. Positing.] [L. +ponere, positum, to place. See Position.] 1. To dispose or set firmly +or fixedly; to place or dispose in relation to other objects. Sir M. +Hale. + +2. (Logic) To assume as real or conceded; as, to posit a principle. Sir +W. Hamilton. + +Po*si"tion (?), n. [F. position, L. positio, fr. ponere, positum, to +put, place; prob. for posino, fr. an old preposition used only in comp. +(akin to Gr. &?;) + sinere to leave, let, permit, place. See Site, and +cf. Composite, Compound, v., Depone, Deposit, Expound, Impostor, +Opposite, Propound, Pose, v., Posit, Post, n.] + +1. The state of being posited, or placed; the manner in which anything +is placed; attitude; condition; as, a firm, an inclined, or an upright +position. + + We have different prospects of the same thing, according to our + different positions to it. + + +Locke. + +2. The spot where a person or thing is placed or takes a place; site; +place; station; situation; as, the position of man in creation; the +fleet changed its position. + +3. Hence: The ground which any one takes in an argument or controversy; +the point of view from which any one proceeds to a discussion; also, a +principle laid down as the basis of reasoning; a proposition; a thesis; +as, to define one's position; to appear in a false position. + + Let not the proof of any position depend on the positions that + follow, but always on those which go before. + + +I. Watts. + +4. Relative place or standing; social or official rank; as, a person of +position; hence, office; post; as, to lose one's position. + +5. (Arith.) A method of solving a problem by one or two suppositions; +-- called also the rule of trial and error. + +Angle of position (Astron.), the angle which any line (as that joining +two stars) makes with another fixed line, specifically with a circle of +declination. -- Double position (Arith.), the method of solving +problems by proceeding with each of two assumed numbers, according to +the conditions of the problem, and by comparing the difference of the +results with those of the numbers, deducing the correction to be +applied to one of them to obtain the true result. -- Guns of position +(Mil.), heavy fieldpieces, not designed for quick movements. -- +Position finder (Mil.), a range finder. See under Range. -- Position +micrometer, a micrometer applied to the tube of an astronomical +telescope for measuring angles of position in the field of view. -- +Single position (Arith.), the method of solving problems, in which the +result obtained by operating with an assumed number is to the true +result as the number assumed is to the number required. -- Strategic +position (Mil.), a position taken up by an army or a large detachment +of troops for the purpose of checking or observing an opposing force. + +Syn. -- Situation; station; place; condition; attitude; posture; +proposition; assertion; thesis. + +Po*si"tion (?), v. t. To indicate the position of; to place. [R.] +Encyc. Brit. + +Po*si"tion*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to position. + + Ascribing unto plants positional operations. + + +Sir T. Browne. + +Pos"i*tive (?), a. [OE. positif, F. positif, L. positivus. See +Position.] 1. Having a real position, existence, or energy; existing in +fact; real; actual; -- opposed to negative. "Positive good." Bacon. + +2. Derived from an object by itself; not dependent on changing +circumstances or relations; absolute; -- opposed to relative; as, the +idea of beauty is not positive, but depends on the different tastes +individuals. + +3. Definitely laid down; explicitly stated; clearly expressed; -- +opposed to implied; as, a positive declaration or promise. + + Positive words, that he would not bear arms against King Edward's + son. + + +Bacon. + +4. Hence: Not admitting of any doubt, condition, qualification, or +discretion; not dependent on circumstances or probabilities; not +speculative; compelling assent or obedience; peremptory; indisputable; +decisive; as, positive instructions; positive truth; positive proof. +"'T is positive 'gainst all exceptions." Shak. + +5. Prescribed by express enactment or institution; settled by arbitrary +appointment; said of laws. + + In laws, that which is natural bindeth universally; that which is + positive, not so. + + +Hooker. + +6. Fully assured; confident; certain; sometimes, overconfident; +dogmatic; overbearing; -- said of persons. + + Some positive, persisting fops we know, That, if once wrong, will + needs be always. + + +Pope. + +7. Having the power of direct action or influence; as, a positive voice +in legislation. Swift. + +8. (Photog.) Corresponding with the original in respect to the position +of lights and shades, instead of having the lights and shades reversed; +as, a positive picture. + +9. (Chem.) (a) Electro- positive. (b) Hence, basic; metallic; not acid; +-- opposed to negative, and said of metals, bases, and basic radicals. + +Positive crystals (Opt.), a doubly refracting crystal in which the +index of refraction for the extraordinary ray is greater than for the +ordinary ray, and the former is refracted nearer to the axis than the +latter, as quartz and ice; -- opposed to negative crystal, or one in +which this characteristic is reversed, as Iceland spar, tourmaline, +etc. -- Positive degree (Gram.), that state of an adjective or adverb +which denotes simple quality, without comparison or relation to +increase or diminution; as, wise, noble. -- Positive electricity +(Elec), the kind of electricity which is developed when glass is rubbed +with silk, or which appears at that pole of a voltaic battery attached +to the plate that is not attacked by the exciting liquid; -- formerly +called vitreous electricity; -- opposed to negative electricity. -- +Positive eyepiece. See under Eyepiece. -- Positive law. See Municipal +law, under Law. -- Positive motion (Mach.), motion which is derived +from a driver through unyielding intermediate pieces, or by direct +contact, and not through elastic connections, nor by means of friction, +gravity, etc.; definite motion. -- Positive philosophy. See Positivism. +-- Positive pole. (a) (Elec.) The pole of a battery or pile which +yields positive or vitreous electricity; -- opposed to negative pole. +(b) (Magnetism) The north pole. [R.] -- Positive quantity (Alg.), an +affirmative quantity, or one affected by the sign plus [+]. -- Positive +rotation (Mech.), left-handed rotation. -- Positive sign (Math.), the +sign [+] denoting plus, or more, or addition. + +Pos"i*tive, n. 1. That which is capable of being affirmed; reality. +South. + +2. That which settles by absolute appointment. + +3. (Gram.) The positive degree or form. + +4. (Photog.) A picture in which the lights and shades correspond in +position with those of the original, instead of being reversed, as in a +negative. R. Hunt. + +5. (Elec.) The positive plate of a voltaic or electrolytic cell. + +Pos"i*tive*ly, adv. In a positive manner; absolutely; really; +expressly; with certainty; indubitably; peremptorily; dogmatically; -- +opposed to negatively. + + Good and evil which is removed may be esteemed good or evil + comparatively, and positively simply. + + +Bacon. + + Give me some breath, some little pause, my lord, Before I + positively speak herein. + + +Shak. + + I would ask . . . whether . . . the divine law does not positively + require humility and meekness. + + +Sprat. + +Positively charged or electrified (Elec.), having a charge of positive +electricity; -- opposed to negatively electrified. + +Pos"i*tive*ness, n. The quality or state of being positive; reality; +actualness; certainty; confidence; peremptoriness; dogmatism. See +Positive, a. + + Positiveness, pedantry, and ill manners. + + +Swift. + + The positiveness of sins of commission lies both in the habitude of + the will and in the executed act too; the positiveness of sins of + omission is in the habitude of the will only. + + +Norris. + +Pos"i*tiv*ism (?), n. A system of philosophy originated by M. Auguste +Comte, which deals only with positives. It excludes from philosophy +everything but the natural phenomena or properties of knowable things, +together with their invariable relations of coexistence and succession, +as occurring in time and space. Such relations are denominated laws, +which are to be discovered by observation, experiment, and comparison. +This philosophy holds all inquiry into causes, both efficient and +final, to be useless and unprofitable. + +Pos"i*tiv*ist, n. A believer in positivism. -- a. Relating to +positivism. + +Pos`i*tiv"i*ty (?), n. Positiveness. J. Morley. + +Pos"i*ture (?; 135), n. See Posture. [Obs.] + +Pos"net (?), n. [OF. poÁonet, dim. of poÁon a pot, a vessel.] A little +basin; a porringer; a skillet. + +{ Pos`o*log"ic (?), Pos`o*log"ic*al (?), } a. [Cf. F. posologique.] +Pertaining to posology. + +Po*sol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. &?; how much + -logy: cf. F. posologie.] +(Med.) The science or doctrine of doses; dosology. + +<! p. 1118 !> + +Pos"po*lite (?), n. [Pol. pospolite ruszenie a general summons to arms, +an arriere-ban; pospolity general + ruszenie a stirring.] A kind of +militia in Poland, consisting of the gentry, which, in case of +invasion, was summoned to the defense of the country. + +Poss (?), v. t. [See Push.] To push; to dash; to throw. [Obs. or Prov. +Eng.] + + A cat . . . possed them [the rats] about. + + +Piers Plowman. + +Pos"se (?), n. See Posse comitatus. + +In posse. See In posse in the Vocabulary. + +||Pos"se com`i*ta"tus (?). [L. posse to be able, to have power + LL. +||comitatus a county, from comes, comitis, a count. See County, and +||Power.] + +1. (Law) The power of the county, or the citizens who may be summoned +by the sheriff to assist the authorities in suppressing a riot, or +executing any legal precept which is forcibly opposed. Blackstone. + +2. A collection of people; a throng; a rabble. [Colloq.] + +The word comitatus is often omitted, and posse alone used. "A whole +posse of enthusiasts." Carlyle. + + As if the passion that rules were the sheriff of the place, and + came off with all the posse. + + +Locke. + +Pos*sess" (?; 277), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Possessed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Possessing.] [L. possessus, p. p. of possidere to have, possess, from +an inseparable prep. (cf. Position) + sedere to sit. See Sit.] 1. To +occupy in person; to hold or actually have in one's own keeping; to +have and to hold. + + Houses and fields and vineyards shall be possessed again in this + land. + + +Jer. xxxii. 15. + + Yet beauty, though injurious, hath strange power, After offense + returning, to regain Love once possessed. + + +Milton. + +2. To have the legal title to; to have a just right to; to be master +of; to own; to have; as, to possess property, an estate, a book. + + I am yours, and all that I possess. + + +Shak. + +3. To obtain occupation or possession of; to accomplish; to gain; to +seize. + + How . . . to possess the purpose they desired. + + +Spenser. + +4. To enter into and influence; to control the will of; to fill; to +affect; -- said especially of evil spirits, passions, etc. "Weakness +possesseth me." Shak. + + Those which were possessed with devils. + + +Matt. iv. 24. + + For ten inspired, ten thousand are possessed. + + +Roscommon. + +5. To put in possession; to make the owner or holder of property, +power, knowledge, etc.; to acquaint; to inform; -- followed by of or +with before the thing possessed, and now commonly used reflexively. + + I have possessed your grace of what I purpose. + + +Shak. + + Record a gift . . . of all he dies possessed Unto his son. + + +Shak. + + We possessed our selves of the kingdom of Naples. + + +Addison. + + To possess our minds with an habitual good intention. + + +Addison. + +Syn. -- To have; hold; occupy; control; own. -- Possess, Have. Have is +the more general word. To possess denotes to have as a property. It +usually implies more permanence or definiteness of control or ownership +than is involved in having. A man does not possess his wife and +children: they are (so to speak) part of himself. For the same reason, +we have the faculties of reason, understanding, will, sound judgment, +etc.: they are exercises of the mind, not possessions. + +Pos*ses"sion (?), n. [F. possession, L. possessio.] 1. The act or state +of possessing, or holding as one's own. + +2. (Law) The having, holding, or detention of property in one's power +or command; actual seizin or occupancy; ownership, whether rightful or +wrongful. + +Possession may be either actual or constructive; actual, when a party +has the immediate occupancy; constructive, when he has only the right +to such occupancy. + +3. The thing possessed; that which any one occupies, owns, or controls; +in the plural, property in the aggregate; wealth; dominion; as, foreign +possessions. + + When the young man heard that saying, he went away sorrowful, for + he had great possessions. + + +Matt. xix. 22. + + Ananias, with Sapphira his wife, sold a possession. + + +Acts v. 1. + + The house of Jacob shall possess their possessions. + + +Ob. 17. + +4. The state of being possessed or controlled, as by an evil spirit, or +violent passions; madness; frenzy; as, demoniacal possession. + + How long hath this possession held the man? + + +Shak. + +To give possession, to put in another's power or occupancy. -- To put +in possession. (a) To invest with ownership or occupancy; to provide or +furnish with; as, to put one in possession of facts or information. (b) +(Law) To place one in charge of property recovered in ejectment or writ +of entry. -- To take possession, to enter upon, or to bring within +one's power or occupancy. -- Writ of possession (Law), a precept +directing a sheriff to put a person in peaceable possession of property +recovered in ejectment or writ of entry. + +Pos*ses"sion, v. t. To invest with property. [Obs.] + +Pos*ses"sion*a*ry (?), a. Of or pertaining to possession; arising from +possession. + +Pos*ses"sion*er (?), n. 1. A possessor; a property holder. [Obs.] +"Possessioners of riches." E. Hall. + + Having been of old freemen and possessioners. + + +Sir P. Sidney. + +2. An invidious name for a member of any religious community endowed +with property in lands, buildings, etc., as contrasted with mendicant +friars. [Obs.] Wyclif. + +Pos`ses*si"val (?), a. Of or pertaining to the possessive case; as, a +possessival termination. Earle. + +Pos*sess"ive (?), a. [L. possessivus: cf. F. possessif.] Of or +pertaining to possession; having or indicating possession. + +Possessive case (Eng. Gram.), the genitive case; the case of nouns and +pronouns which expresses ownership, origin, or some possessive relation +of one thing to another; as, Homer's admirers; the pear's flavor; the +dog's faithfulness. -- Possessive pronoun, a pronoun denoting +ownership; as, his name; her home; my book. + +Pos*sess"ive (?), n. 1. (Gram.) The possessive case. + +2. (Gram.) A possessive pronoun, or a word in the possessive case. + +Pos*sess"ive*ly, adv. In a possessive manner. + +Pos*sess"or (?), n. [L.: cf. F. possesseur.] One who possesses; one who +occupies, holds, owns, or controls; one who has actual participation or +enjoyment, generally of that which is desirable; a proprietor. +"Possessors of eternal glory." Law. + + As if he had been possessor of the whole world. + + +Sharp. + +Syn. -- Owner; proprietor; master; holder; occupant. + +Pos*sess"o*ry (?), a. [L. possessorius: cf. F. possessoire.] Of or +pertaining to possession, either as a fact or a right; of the nature of +possession; as, a possessory interest; a possessory lord. + +Possessory action or suit (Law), an action to regain or obtain +possession of something. See under Petitory. + +Pos"set (?), n. [W. posel curdled milk, posset.] A beverage composed of +hot milk curdled by some strong infusion, as by wine, etc., -- much in +favor formerly. "I have drugged their posset." Shak. + +Pos"set, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Posseted; p. pr. & vb. n. Posseting.] 1. +To curdle; to turn, as milk; to coagulate; as, to posset the blood. +[Obs.] Shak. + +2. To treat with possets; to pamper. [R.] "She was cosseted and +posseted." O. W. Holmes. + +Pos`si*bil"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Possibilities (#). [F. possibilitÈ, L. +possibilitas.] 1. The quality or state of being possible; the power of +happening, being, or existing. "All possibility of error." Hooker. +"Latent possibilities of excellence." Johnson. + +2. That which is possible; a contingency; a thing or event that may not +happen; a contingent interest, as in real or personal estate. South. +Burrill. + +Pos"si*ble (?), a. [F., fr. L. possibilis, fr. posse to be able, to +have power; potis able, capable + esse to be. See Potent, Am, and cf. +Host a landlord.] Capable of existing or occurring, or of being +conceived or thought of; able to happen; capable of being done; not +contrary to the nature of things; -- sometimes used to express extreme +improbability; barely able to be, or to come to pass; as, possibly he +is honest, as it is possible that Judas meant no wrong. + + With God all things are possible. + + +Matt. xix. 26. + +Syn. -- Practicable; likely. See Practicable. + +Pos"si*bly, adv. In a possible manner; by possible means; especially, +by extreme, remote, or improbable intervention, change, or exercise of +power; by a chance; perhaps; as, possibly he may recover. + + Can we . . . possibly his love desert? + + +Milton. + + When possibly I can, I will return. + + +Shak. + +Pos"sum (?), n. [Shortened from opossum.] (Zoˆl.) An opossum. [Colloq. +U. S.] + +To play possum, To act possum, to feign ignorance, indifference or +inattention, with the intent to deceive; to dissemble; -- in allusion +to the habit of the opossum, which feigns death when attacked or +alarmed. + +Post- (pst). [L. post behind, after; cf. Skr. paÁcbehind, afterwards.] +A prefix signifying behind, back, after; as, postcommissure, postdot, +postscript. + +Post, a. [F. aposter to place in a post or position, generally for a +bad purpose.] Hired to do what is wrong; suborned. [Obs.] Sir E. +Sandys. + +Post, n. [AS., fr. L. postis, akin to ponere, positum, to place. See +Position, and cf. 4th Post.] 1. A piece of timber, metal, or other +solid substance, fixed, or to be fixed, firmly in an upright position, +especially when intended as a stay or support to something else; a +pillar; as, a hitching post; a fence post; the posts of a house. + + They shall take of the blood, and strike it on the two side posts + and on the upper doorpost of the houses. + + +Ex. xii. 7. + + Then by main force pulled up, and on his shoulders bore, The gates + of Azza, post and massy bar. + + +Milton. + + Unto his order he was a noble post. + + +Chaucer. + +Post, in the sense of an upright timber or strut, is used in +composition, in such words as king-post, queen- post, crown-post, +gatepost, etc. + +2. The doorpost of a victualer's shop or inn, on which were chalked the +scores of customers; hence, a score; a debt. [Obs.] + + When God sends coin I will discharge your post. + + +S. Rowlands. + +From pillar to post. See under Pillar. -- Knight of the post. See under +Knight. -- Post hanger (Mach.), a bearing for a revolving shaft, +adapted to be fastened to a post. -- Post hole, a hole in the ground to +set the foot of a post in. -- Post mill, a form of windmill so +constructed that the whole fabric rests on a vertical axis firmly +fastened to the ground, and capable of being turned as the direction of +the wind varies. -- Post and stall (Coal Mining), a mode of working in +which pillars of coal are left to support the roof of the mine. + +Post, n. [F. poste, LL. posta station, post (where horses were kept), +properly, a fixed or set place, fem. fr. L. positus placed, p. p. of +ponere. See Position, and cf. Post a pillar.] 1. The place at which +anything is stopped, placed, or fixed; a station. Specifically: (a) A +station, or one of a series of stations, established for the +refreshment and accommodation of travelers on some recognized route; +as, a stage or railway post. (b) A military station; the place at which +a soldier or a body of troops is stationed; also, the troops at such a +station. (c) The piece of ground to which a sentinel's walk is limited. + +2. A messenger who goes from station; an express; especially, one who +is employed by the government to carry letters and parcels regularly +from one place to another; a letter carrier; a postman. + + In certain places there be always fresh posts, to carry that + further which is brought unto them by the other. + + +Abp. Abbot. + + I fear my Julia would not deign my lines, Receiving them from such + a worthless post. + + +Shak. + +3. An established conveyance for letters from one place or station to +another; especially, the governmental system in any country for +carrying and distributing letters and parcels; the post office; the +mail; hence, the carriage by which the mail is transported. + + I send you the fair copy of the poem on dullness, which I should + not care to hazard by the common post. + + +Pope. + +4. Haste or speed, like that of a messenger or mail carrier. [Obs.] "In +post he came." Shak. + +5. One who has charge of a station, especially of a postal station. +[Obs.] + + He held office of postmaster, or, as it was then called, post, for + several years. + + +Palfrey. + +6. A station, office, or position of service, trust, or emolument; as, +the post of duty; the post of danger. + + The post of honor is a private station. + + +Addison. + +7. A size of printing and writing paper. See the Table under Paper. + +Post and pair, an old game at cards, in which each player a hand of +three cards. B. Jonson. -- Post bag, a mail bag. -- Post bill, a bill +of letters mailed by a postmaster. -- Post chaise, or Post coach, a +carriage usually with four wheels, for the conveyance of travelers who +travel post. -- Post day, a day on which the mall arrives or departs. +-- Post hackney, a hired post horse. Sir H. Wotton. -- Post horn, a +horn, or trumpet, carried and blown by a carrier of the public mail, or +by a coachman. -- Post horse, a horse stationed, intended, or used for +the post. -- Post hour, hour for posting letters. Dickens. -- Post +office. (a) An office under governmental superintendence, where +letters, papers, and other mailable matter, are received and +distributed; a place appointed for attending to all business connected +with the mail. (b) The governmental system for forwarding mail matter. +-- Postoffice order. See Money order, under Money. -- Post road, or +Post route, a road or way over which the mail is carried. -- Post town. +(a) A town in which post horses are kept. (b) A town in which a post +office is established by law. -- To ride post, to ride, as a carrier of +dispatches, from place to place; hence, to ride rapidly, with as little +delay as possible. -- To travel post, to travel, as a post does, by +relays of horses, or by keeping one carriage to which fresh horses are +attached at each stopping place. + +Post (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Posted; p. pr. & vb. n. Posting.] 1. To +attach to a post, a wall, or other usual place of affixing public +notices; to placard; as, to post a notice; to post playbills. + +Formerly, a large post was erected before the sheriff's office, or in +some public place, upon which legal notices were displayed. This way of +advertisement has not entirely gone of use. + +2. To hold up to public blame or reproach; to advertise opprobriously; +to denounce by public proclamation; as, to post one for cowardice. + + On pain of being posted to your sorrow Fail not, at four, to meet + me. + + +Granville. + +3. To enter (a name) on a list, as for service, promotion, or the like. + +4. To assign to a station; to set; to place; as, to post a sentinel. +"It might be to obtain a ship for a lieutenant, . . . or to get him +posted." De Quincey. + +5. (Bookkeeping) To carry, as an account, from the journal to the +ledger; as, to post an account; to transfer, as accounts, to the +ledger. + + You have not posted your books these ten years. + + +Arbuthnot. + +6. To place in the care of the post; to mail; as, to post a letter. + +7. To inform; to give the news to; to make (one) acquainted with the +details of a subject; -- often with up. + + Thoroughly posted up in the politics and literature of the day. + + +Lond. Sat. Rev. + +To post off, to put off; to delay. [Obs.] "Why did I, venturously, post +off so great a business?" Baxter. -- To post over, to hurry over. +[Obs.] Fuller. + +Post, v. i. [Cf. OF. poster. See 4th Post.] 1. To travel with post +horses; figuratively, to travel in haste. "Post seedily to my lord your +husband." Shak. + + And post o'er land and ocean without rest. + + +Milton. + +2. (Man.) To rise and sink in the saddle, in accordance with the motion +of the horse, esp. in trotting. [Eng.] + +Post, adv. With post horses; hence, in haste; as, to travel post. + +Post`-ab*do"men (?), n. [Pref. post- + abdomen.] (Zoˆl.) That part of +a crustacean behind the cephalothorax; -- more commonly called abdomen. + +Post"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being carried by, or as by, post. [Obs.] +W. Montagu. + +Post"act` (?), n. An act done afterward. + +Post"age (?), n. The price established by law to be paid for the +conveyance of a letter or other mailable matter by a public post. + +Postage stamp, a government stamp required to be put upon articles sent +by mail in payment of the postage, esp. an adhesive stamp issued and +sold for that purpose. + +Post"al (?), a. [Cf. F. postal.] Belonging to the post office or mail +service; as, postal arrangements; postal authorities. + +Postal card, or Post card, a card sold by the government for +transmission through the mails, at a lower rate of postage than a +sealed letter. The message is written on one side of the card, and the +direction on the other. -- Postal money order. See Money order, under +Money. -- Postal note, an order payable to bearer, for a sum of money +(in the United States less than five dollars under existing law), +issued from one post office and payable at another specified office. -- +Postal Union, a union for postal purposes entered into by the most +important powers, or governments, which have agreed to transport mail +matter through their several territories at a stipulated rate. + +Post*a"nal (?), a. [Pref. post- + anal.] (Anat.) Situated behind, or +posterior to, the anus. + +Post*ax"i*al (?), a. [Pref. post- + axial.] (Anat.) Situated behind any +transverse axis in the body of an animal; caudal; posterior; +especially, behind, or on the caudal or posterior (that is, ulnar or +fibular) side of, the axis of a vertebrate limb. + +<! p. 1119 !> + +Post"boy` (?), n. 1. One who rides post horses; a position; a courier. + +2. A boy who carries letters from the post. + +Post"-cap`tain (?), n. A captain of a war vessel whose name appeared, +or was "posted," in the seniority list of the British navy, as +distinguished from a commander whose name was not so posted. The term +was also used in the United States navy; but no such commission as +post-captain was ever recognized in either service, and the term has +fallen into disuse. + +||Post"ca`va (?), n.; pl. PostcavÊ . [NL. See Post-, and Cave, n.] +||(Anat.) The inferior vena cava. -- Post"ca`val (#), a. B. G. Wilder. + +Post*clav"i*cle (?), n. [Pref. post- + clavicle.] (Anat.) A bone in +the pectoral girdle of many fishes projecting backward from the +clavicle. -- Post`*cla*vic"u*lar (#), a. + +Post*com"mis*sure (?), n. [Pref. post- + commisure.] (Anat.) A +transverse commisure in the posterior part of the roof of the third +ventricle of the brain; the posterior cerebral commisure. B. G. Wilder. + +Post`com*mun"ion (?), n. [Pref. post- + communion.] 1. (Ch. of Eng. & +Prot. Epis. Ch.) The concluding portion of the communion service. + +2. (R. C. Ch.) A prayer or prayers which the priest says at Mass, after +the ablutions. + +||Post*cor"nu (?), n.; pl. Postcornua (#). [NL. See Post-, and Cornu.] +||(Anat.) The posterior horn of each lateral ventricle of the brain. B. +||G. Wilder. + +Post"date` (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Postdated; p. pr. & vb. n. +Postdating.] [Pref. post- + date.] 1. To date after the real time; as, +to postdate a contract, that is, to date it later than the time when it +was in fact made. + +2. To affix a date to after the event. + +Post"date`, a. Made or done after the date assigned. + + Of these [predictions] some were postdate; cunningly made after the + thing came to pass. + + +Fuller. + +Post"date`, n. A date put to a bill of exchange or other paper, later +than that when it was actually made. + +{ Post`di*lu"vi*al (?), Post`di*lu"vi*an (?), } a. [Pref. post- + +diluvial, diluvian.] Being or happening after the flood in Noah's days. + +Post`di*lu"vi*an, n. One who lived after the flood. + +Post"-dis*sei"zin (?), n. [Pref. post- + disseizin.] (O. Eng. Law) A +subsequent disseizin committed by one of lands which the disseizee had +before recovered of the same disseizor; a writ founded on such +subsequent disseizin, now abolished. Burrill. Tomlins. + +Post`-dis*sei"zor (?), n. [Pref. post- + disseizor.] (O. Eng. Law) A +person who disseizes another of lands which the disseizee had before +recovered of the same disseizor. Blackstone. + +||Post"e*a (?), n. [L., after these or those (things), afterward.] +||(Law) The return of the judge before whom a cause was tried, after a +||verdict, of what was done in the cause, which is indorsed on the nisi +||prius record. Wharton. + +Pos"tel (?), n. Apostle. [Obs.] Chaucer. + +Post`en*ceph"a*lon (?), n. (Anat.) The metencephalon. + +Post"en*try (?), n. [Pref. post- + entry.] 1. A second or subsequent, +at the customhouse, of goods which had been omitted by mistake. + +2. (Bookkeeping) An additional or subsequent entry. + +Post"er (?), n. 1. A large bill or placard intended to be posted in +public places. + +2. One who posts bills; a billposter. + +Post"er, n. 1. One who posts, or travels expeditiously; a courier. +"Posters of the sea and land." Shak. + +2. A post horse. "Posters at full gallop." C. Lever. + +Pos*te"ri*or (ps*t"r*r), a. [L. posterior, compar. of posterus coming +after, from post after. See Post-.] 1. Later in time; hence, later in +the order of proceeding or moving; coming after; -- opposed to prior. + + Hesiod was posterior to Homer. + + +Broome. + +2. Situated behind; hinder; -- opposed to anterior. + +3. (Anat.) At or toward the caudal extremity; caudal; -- in human +anatomy often used for dorsal. + +4. (Bot.) On the side next the axis of inflorescence; -- said of an +axillary flower. Gray. + +Pos*te`ri*or"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. postÈrioritÈ.] The state of being +later or subsequent; as, posteriority of time, or of an event; -- +opposed to priority. + +Pos*te"ri*or*ly (?), adv. Subsequently in time; also, behind in +position. + +Pos*te"ri*ors (?), n. pl. The hinder parts, as of an animal's body. +Swift. + +Pos*ter"i*ty (?), n. [L. posteritas: cf. F. postÈritÈ. See Posterior.] +1. The race that proceeds from a progenitor; offspring to the furthest +generation; the aggregate number of persons who are descended from an +ancestor of a generation; descendants; -- contrasted with ancestry; as, +the posterity of Abraham. + + If [the crown] should not stand in thy posterity. + + +Shak. + +2. Succeeding generations; future times. Shak. + + Their names shall be transmitted to posterity. + + +Shak. + + Their names shall be transmitted to posterity. + + +Smalridge. + +Pos"tern (?), n. [OF. posterne, posterle, F. poterne, fr. L. posterula, +fr. posterus coming after. See Posterior.] 1. Originally, a back door +or gate; a private entrance; hence, any small door or gate. + + He by a privy postern took his flight. + + +Spenser. + + Out at the postern, by the abbey wall. + + +Shak. + +2. (Fort.) A subterraneous passage communicating between the parade and +the main ditch, or between the ditches and the interior of the +outworks. Mahan. + +Pos"tern, a. Back; being behind; private. "The postern door." Dryden. + +Pos"te*ro- (&?;). A combining form meaning posterior, back; as, +postero-inferior, situated back and below; postero-lateral, situated +back and at the side. + +Post`ex*ist" (?), v. i. [Pref. post- + exist.] To exist after; to live +subsequently. [Obs. or R.] + +Post`ex*ist"ence (?), n. Subsequent existence. + +Post`ex*ist"ent (?), a. Existing or living after. [R.] "Postexistent +atoms." Cudworth. + +Post"fact` (?), a. [See Post-, and Fact.] Relating to a fact that +occurs after another. + +Post"fact`, n. A fact that occurs after another. "Confirmed upon the +postfact." Fuller. + +||Post`fac"tum (?), n. [LL.] (Rom. & Eng. Law) Same as Postfact. + +Post"-fine` (?), n. [Pref. post- + fine.] (O. Eng. Law) A duty paid to +the king by the cognizee in a fine of lands, when the same was fully +passed; -- called also the king's silver. + +Post"fix (?), n.; pl. Postfixes (#). [Pref. post- + -fix, as in prefix: +cf. F. postfixe.] (Gram.) A letter, syllable, or word, added to the end +of another word; a suffix. Parkhurst. + +Post*fix" (?), v. t. To annex; specifically (Gram.), to add or annex, +as a letter, syllable, or word, to the end of another or principal +word; to suffix. Parkhurst. + +Post*fron"tal (?), a. [Pref. post- + frontal.] (Anat.) Situated behind +the frontal bone or the frontal region of the skull; -- applied +especially to a bone back of and below the frontal in many animals. -- +n. A postfrontal bone. + +||Post*fur"ca (?), n.; pl. PostfurcÊ (#). [NL., fr. post behind + furca +||a fork.] (Zoˆl.) One of the internal thoracic processes of the +||sternum of an insect. + +Post*gen"i*ture (?; 135), n. [Pref. post- + L. genitura birth, +geniture.] The condition of being born after another in the same +family; -- distinguished from primogeniture. [R.] Sir T. Browne. + +Post*gle"noid (?), a. [Pref. post- + glenoid.] (Anat.) Situated behind +the glenoid fossa of the temporal bone. + +Post`haste" (?), n. Haste or speed in traveling, like that of a post or +courier. Shak. + +Post`haste, adv. With speed or expedition; as, he traveled posthaste; +to send posthaste. Shak. + +Pos*thet"o*my (?), n. [Gr. po`sqh prepuce + te`mnein to cut.] (Med.) +Circumcision. Dunglison. + +Post"house` (?), n. 1. A house established for the convenience of the +post, where relays of horses can be obtained. + +2. A house for distributing the malls; a post office. + +{ Post"hume (?), Post"humed (?), } a. Posthumous. [Obs.] I. Watts. +Fuller. + +Post"hu*mous (?; 277), a. [L. posthumus, postumus, properly, last; +hence, late born (applied to children born after the father's death, or +after he had made his will), superl. of posterus, posterior. See +Posterior.] 1. Born after the death of the father, or taken from the +dead body of the mother; as, a posthumous son or daughter. + +2. Published after the death of the author; as, posthumous works; a +posthumous edition. + +3. Being or continuing after one's death; as, a posthumous reputation. +Addison. Sir T. Browne. + +Post"hu*mous*ly, adv. In a posthumous manner; after one's decease. + +Pos"tic (?), a. [L. posticus, fr. post after, behind.] Backward. [Obs.] +Sir T. Browne. + +Pos"ti*cous (?), a. [L. posticus.] (Bot.) (a) Posterior. (b) Situated +on the outer side of a filament; -- said of an extrorse anther. + +Pos"til (?), n. [F. postille, apostille, LL. postilla, probably from L. +post illa (sc. verba) after those (words). Cf. Apostil.] 1. Originally, +an explanatory note in the margin of the Bible, so called because +written after the text; hence, a marginal note; a comment. + + Langton also made postils upon the whole Bible. + + +Foxe. + +2. (R. C. Ch. & Luth. Ch.) A short homily or commentary on a passage of +Scripture; as, the first postils were composed by order of Charlemagne. + +Pos"til, v. t. [Cf. LL. postillare.] To write marginal or explanatory +notes on; to gloss. Bacon. + +Pos"til, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Postiled (&?;) or Postilled; p. pr. & vb. +n. Postiling or Postilling.] To write postils, or marginal notes; to +comment; to postillate. + + Postiling and allegorizing on Scripture. + + +J. H. Newman. + +Pos"til*er (?), n. [Written also postiller.] One who writers marginal +notes; one who illustrates the text of a book by notes in the margin. +Sir T. Browne. + +Pos*til"ion (?), n. [F. postillon, It. postiglione, fr. posta post. See +Post a postman.] One who rides and guides the first pair of horses of a +coach or post chaise; also, one who rides one of the horses when one +pair only is used. [Written also postillion.] + +Pos"til*late (?), v. t. [LL. postillatus, p. p. of postillare.] To +explain by marginal notes; to postil. + + Tracts . . . postillated by his own hand. + + +C. Knight. + +Pos"til*late, v. i. 1. To write postils; to comment. + +2. To preach by expounding Scripture verse by verse, in regular order. + +Pos`til*la"tion (?), n. [LL. postillatio.] The act of postillating; +exposition of Scripture in preaching. + +Pos"til*la`tor (?), n. [LL.] One who postillates; one who expounds the +Scriptures verse by verse. + +Pos"til*ler (?), n. See Postiler. + +Post"ing (?), n. 1. The act of traveling post. + +2. (Bookkeeping) The act of transferring an account, as from the +journal to the ledger. + +Posting house, a post house. + +Post`li*min"i*ar (?), a. [See Postliminium.] Contrived, done, or +existing subsequently. "Postliminious after applications of them to +their purposes." South. + +Post`li*min"i*a*ry (?), a. Pertaining to, or involving, the right of +postliminium. + +{ ||Post`li*min"i*um (?), Post*lim"i*ny (?), } n. [L. postliminium, +post after + limen, liminis, a threshold.] 1. (Rom. Antiq.) The return +to his own country, and his former privileges, of a person who had gone +to sojourn in a foreign country, or had been banished, or taken by an +enemy. Burrill. + +2. (Internat. Law) The right by virtue of which persons and things +taken by an enemy in war are restored to their former state when coming +again under the power of the nation to which they belonged. Kent. + +Post"lude (?), n. [Pref. post- + -lude, as in prelude.] (Med.) A +voluntary at the end of a service. + +Post"man (?), n.; pl. Postmen (&?;). 1. A post or courier; a letter +carrier. + +2. (Eng. Law) One of the two most experienced barristers in the Court +of Exchequer, who have precedence in motions; -- so called from the +place where he sits. The other of the two is called the tubman. +Whishaw. + +Post"mark` (?), n. The mark, or stamp, of a post office on a letter, +giving the place and date of mailing or of arrival. + +Post"mark`, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Postmarked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Postmarking.] To mark with a post-office stamp; as, to postmark a +letter or parcel. + +Post"mas`ter (?), n. 1. One who has charge of a station for the +accommodation of travelers; one who supplies post horses. + +2. One who has charge of a post office, and the distribution and +forwarding of mails. + +Post"mas`ter-gen"er*al (?), n.; pl. Postmasters-general. The chief +officer of the post-office department of a government. In the United +States the postmaster-general is a member of the cabinet. + +Post"mas`ter*ship, n. The office of postmaster. + +Post`me*rid"i*an (?), a. [L. postmeridianus; post after + meridianus. +See Meridian.] 1. Coming after the sun has passed the meridian; being +in, or belonging to, the afternoon. (Abbrev. P. M.) + +2. Fig., belonging to the after portion of life; late. [R.] + +||Post-mor"tem (?), a. [L., after death.] After death; as, post-mortem +||rigidity. + +Post-mortem examination (Med.), an examination of the body made after +the death of the patient; an autopsy. + +||Post*na"res (?), n. pl. [NL. See Post-, and Nares.] (Anat.) The +||posterior nares. See Nares. + +Post*na"tal (?), a. [Pref. post- + natal.] After birth; subsequent to +birth; as, postnatal infanticide; postnatal diseases. + +Post"nate (?), a. [LL. postnatus second or subsequently born; L. post +after + natus born.] Subsequent. "The graces and gifts of the spirit +are postnate." [Archaic] Jer. Taylor. + +Post" note` (?). (Com.) A note issued by a bank, payable at some future +specified time, as distinguished from a note payable on demand. +Burrill. + +Post*nup"tial (?), a. [Pref. post- + nuptial.] Being or happening +after marriage; as, a postnuptial settlement on a wife. Kent. + +{ Post-o"bit (?), n., or Post-o"bit bond` }. [Pref. post- + obit.] +(Law) A bond in which the obligor, in consideration of having received +a certain sum of money, binds himself to pay a larger sum, on unusual +interest, on the death of some specified individual from whom he has +expectations. Bouvier. + +||Post*ob`lon*ga"ta (?), n. [NL. See Post-, and Oblongata.] (Anat.) The +||posterior part of the medulla oblongata. B. G. Wilder. + +Post*oc"u*lar (?), a. & n. [Pref. post- + ocular.] (Zoˆl.) Same as +Postorbital. + +Post" of`fice (?), n. See under 4th Post. + +Post*o"ral (?), a. [Pref. post- + oral.] (Anat.) Situated behind, or +posterior to, the mouth. + +Post*or"bit*al (?), a. [Pref. post- + orbital.] (Anat. & Zoˆl.) +Situated behind the orbit; as, the postorbital scales of some fishes +and reptiles. -- n. A postorbital bone or scale. + +Post"paid` (?), a. Having the postage prepaid, as a letter. + +Post*pal"a*tine (?), a. [Pref. post- + palatine.] (Anat.) Situated +behind the palate, or behind the palatine bones. + +Post*pli"o*cene (?), a. (Geol.) [Pref. post- + pliocene.] Of or +pertaining to the period immediately following the Pliocene; +Pleistocene. Also used as a noun. See Quaternary. + +Post*pone" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Postponed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Postponing.] [L. postponere, postpositum; post after + ponere to place, +put. See Post-, and Position.] 1. To defer to a future or later time; +to put off; also, to cause to be deferred or put off; to delay; to +adjourn; as, to postpone the consideration of a bill to the following +day, or indefinitely. + + His praise postponed, and never to be paid. + + +Cowper. + +2. To place after, behind, or below something, in respect to +precedence, preference, value, or importance. + + All other considerations should give way and be postponed to this. + + +Locke. + +Syn. -- To adjourn; defer; delay; procrastinate. + +Post*pone"ment (?), n. The act of postponing; a deferring, or putting +off, to a future time; a temporary delay. Macaulay. + +Post*pon"ence (?), n. [From L. postponens, p. pr.] The act of +postponing, in sense 2. [Obs.] Johnson. + +Post*pon"er (?), n. One who postpones. + +Post*pose" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Postposed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Postposing.] [F. postposer. See Post-, and Pose, v. t.] To postpone. +[Obs.] Fuller. + +Post*pos"it (?), v. t. [L. postpositus, p. p. See Postpone.] To +postpone. [Obs.] Feltham. + +Post`po*si"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. postposition. See Postpone.] 1. The act +of placing after, or the state of being placed after. "The postposition +of the nominative case to the verb." Mede. + +<! p. 1120 !> + +2. A word or particle placed after, or at the end of, another word; -- +distinguished from preposition. + +Post`po*si"tion*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to postposition. + +Post*pos"i*tive (?), a. [See Postpone.] Placed after another word; as, +a postpositive conjunction; a postpositive letter. - - +Post*pos"i*tive*ly, adv. + +Post*pran"di*al (?), a. [Pref. post- + prandial.] Happening, or done, +after dinner; after- dinner; as, postprandial speeches. + +Pos*tre`mo*gen"i*ture (?; 135), n. [L. postremus last + genitura birth, +geniture.] The right of the youngest born. Mozley & W. + +Post`re*mote" (?), a. [Pref. post- + remote.] More remote in +subsequent time or order. + +Post"rid`er (?), n. One who rides over a post road to carry the mails. +Bancroft. + +||Post*scap"u*la (?), n. [NL. See Post-, and Scapula.] (Anat.) The part +||of the scapula behind or below the spine, or mesoscapula. + +Post*scap"u*lar (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the postscapula; +infraspinous. + +||Post*sce"ni*um (?), n. [L., fr. post + scena a scene.] The part of a +||theater behind the scenes; the back part of the stage of a theater. + +Post*scribe" (?), v. t. [L. postscribere. See Postscript.] To make a +postscript. [R.] T. Adams. + +Post"script (?), n. [L. postscriptus, (assumed) p. p. of postscribere +to write after; post after + scribere to write: cf. F. postscriptum. +See Post-, and Scribe.] A paragraph added to a letter after it is +concluded and signed by the writer; an addition made to a book or +composition after the main body of the work has been finished, +containing something omitted, or something new occurring to the writer. +[Abbrev. P. S.] + +Post"script*ed, a. Having a postscript; added in a postscript. [R.] J. +Q. Adams. + +||Post`scu*tel"lum (?), n. [NL. See Post-, and Scutellum.] (Zoˆl.) The +||hindermost dorsal piece of a thoracic somite of an insect; the plate +||behind the scutellum. + +Post*sphe"noid (?), a. [Pref. post- + sphenoid.] (Anat.) Of or +pertaining to the posterior part of the sphenoid bone. + +Post-tem"po*ral (?), a. [Pref. post- + temporal.] (Anat.) Situated +back of the temporal bone or the temporal region of the skull; -- +applied especially to a bone which usually connects the supraclavicle +with the skull in the pectoral arch of fishes. -- n. A post-temporal +bone. + +Post*ter"ti*a*ry (?), a. [Pref. post- + tertiary.] (Geol.) Following, +or more recent than, the Tertiary; Quaternary. + +||Post"-tra`gus (?), n. [NL. See Post-, and Tragus.] (Anat.) A ridge +||within and behind the tragus in the ear of some animals. + +Post`-tym*pan"ic (?), a. [Pref. post- + tympanic.] (Anat.) Situated +behind the tympanum, or in the skull, behind the auditory meatus. + +Pos"tu*lant (?; 135), n. [F., fr. L. postulans, p. pr. of postulare. +See Postulate.] One who makes a request or demand; hence, a candidate. + +Pos"tu*late (?), n. [L. postulatum a demand, request, prop. p. p. of +postulare to demand, prob. a dim. of poscere to demand, prob. for +porcscere; akin to G. forschen to search, investigate, Skr. prach to +ask, and L. precari to pray: cf. F. postulat. See Pray.] 1. Something +demanded or asserted; especially, a position or supposition assumed +without proof, or one which is considered as self-evident; a truth to +which assent may be demanded or challenged, without argument or +evidence. + +2. (Geom.) The enunciation of a self- evident problem, in distinction +from an axiom, which is the enunciation of a self-evident theorem. + + The distinction between a postulate and an axiom lies in this, -- + that the latter is admitted to be self-evident, while the former + may be agreed upon between two reasoners, and admitted by both, but + not as proposition which it would be impossible to deny. + + +Eng. Cyc. + +Pos"tu*late, a. Postulated. [Obs.] Hudibras. + +Pos"tu*late (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Postulated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Postulating.] 1. To beg, or assume without proof; as, to postulate +conclusions. + +2. To take without express consent; to assume. + + The Byzantine emperors appear to have . . . postulated a sort of + paramount supremacy over this nation. + + +W. Tooke. + +3. To invite earnestly; to solicit. [Obs.] Bp. Burnet. + +Pos"tu*la`ted (?), a. Assumed without proof; as, a postulated +inference. Sir T. Browne. + +Pos`tu*la"tion (?), n. [L. postulatio: cf. F. postulation.] The act of +postulating, or that which is postulated; assumption; solicitation; +suit; cause. + +Pos"tu*la*to*ry (?), a. [L. postulatorius.] Of the nature of a +postulate. Sir T. Browne. + +||Pos`tu*la"tum (?), n.; pl. Postulata (#). [L. See Postulate, n.] A +||postulate. Addison. + +Pos"tu*mous (?), a. See Posthumous. [R.] + +Pos"tur*al (?; 135), a. Of or pertaining to posture. + +Pos"ture (?; 135), n. [F., fr. L. positura, fr. ponere, positum, to +place. See Position.] 1. The position of the body; the situation or +disposition of the several parts of the body with respect to each +other, or for a particular purpose; especially (Fine Arts), the +position of a figure with regard to the several principal members by +which action is expressed; attitude. + + Atalanta, the posture of whose limbs was so lively expressed . . . + one would have sworn the very picture had run. + + +Sir P. Sidney. + + In most strange postures We have seen him set himself. + + +Shak. + + The posture of a poetic figure is a description of his heroes in + the performance of such or such an action. + + +Dryden. + +2. Place; position; situation. [Obs.] Milton. + + His [man's] noblest posture and station in this world. + + +Sir M. Hale. + +3. State or condition, whether of external circumstances, or of +internal feeling and will; disposition; mood; as, a posture of defense; +the posture of affairs. + + The several postures of his devout soul. + + +Atterbury. + +Syn. -- Attitude; position. See Attitude. + +Pos"ture (?; 135), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Postured (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Posturing.] To place in a particular position or attitude; to dispose +the parts of, with reference to a particular purpose; as, to posture +one's self; to posture a model. Howell. + +Pos"ture, v. i. 1. To assume a particular posture or attitude; to +contort the body into artificial attitudes, as an acrobat or +contortionist; also, to pose. + +2. Fig.: To assume a character; as, to posture as a saint. + +Pos`tur*er (?), n. One who postures. + +||Post*zyg`a*poph"y*sis (?), n.; pl. Postzygapophyses (#). [NL. See +||Post- , and Zygapophysis.] (Anat.) A posterior zygapophysis. + +Po"sy (?), n.; pl. Posies (#). [Contr. fr. poesy.] 1. A brief poetical +sentiment; hence, any brief sentiment, motto, or legend; especially, +one inscribed on a ring. "The posy of a ring." Shak. + +2. [Probably so called from the use of flowers as having an enigmatical +significance. Wedgwood.] A flower; a bouquet; a nosegay. "Bridegroom's +posies." Spenser. + + We make a difference between suffering thistles to grow among us, + and wearing them for posies. + + +Swift. + +Pot (?), n. [Akin to LG. pott, D. pot, Dan. potte, Sw. potta, Icel. +pottr, F. pot; of unknown origin.] 1. A metallic or earthen vessel, +appropriated to any of a great variety of uses, as for boiling meat or +vegetables, for holding liquids, for plants, etc.; as, a quart pot; a +flower pot; a bean pot. + +2. An earthen or pewter cup for liquors; a mug. + +3. The quantity contained in a pot; a potful; as, a pot of ale. "Give +her a pot and a cake." De Foe. + +4. A metal or earthenware extension of a flue above the top of a +chimney; a chimney pot. + +5. A crucible; as, a graphite pot; a melting pot. + +6. A wicker vessel for catching fish, eels, etc. + +7. A perforated cask for draining sugar. Knight. + +8. A size of paper. See Pott. + +Jack pot. See under 2d Jack. -- Pot cheese, cottage cheese. See under +Cottage. -- Pot companion, a companion in drinking. -- Pot hanger, a +pothook. -- Pot herb, any plant, the leaves or stems of which are +boiled for food, as spinach, lamb's-quarters, purslane, and many +others. -- Pot hunter, one who kills anything and everything that will +help to fill has bag; also, a hunter who shoots game for the table or +for the market. -- Pot metal. (a) The metal from which iron pots are +made, different from common pig iron. (b) An alloy of copper with lead +used for making large vessels for various purposes in the arts. Ure. +(c) A kind of stained glass, the colors of which are incorporated with +the melted glass in the pot. Knight. -- Pot plant (Bot.), either of the +trees which bear the monkey-pot. -- Pot wheel (Hydraul.), a noria. -- +To go to pot, to go to destruction; to come to an end of usefulness; to +become refuse. [Colloq.] Dryden. J. G. Saxe. + +Pot, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Potted; p. pr. & vb. n. Potting.] To place or +inclose in pots; as: (a) To preserve seasoned in pots. "Potted fowl and +fish." Dryden. (b) To set out or cover in pots; as, potted plants or +bulbs. (c) To drain; as, to pot sugar, by taking it from the cooler, +and placing it in hogsheads, etc., having perforated heads, through +which the molasses drains off. B. Edwards. (d) (Billiards) To pocket. + +Pot, v. i. To tipple; to drink. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] + + It is less labor to plow than to pot it. + + +Feltham. + +Po"ta*ble (?), a. [F., fr. L. potabilis, fr. potare to drink; akin to +Gr. po`tos a drinking, po`sis a drink, Skr. p to drink, OIr. ibim I +drink. Cf. Poison, Bib, Imbibe.] Fit to be drunk; drinkable. "Water +fresh and potable." Bacon. -- n. A potable liquid; a beverage. "Useful +in potables." J. Philips. + +Po"ta*ble*ness, n. The quality of being drinkable. + +Pot"age (?; 48), n. See Pottage. + +Pot"a*ger (?), n. [F. fr. potage soup, porridge. See Pottage.] A +porringer. [Obs.] Grew. + +Po*tag"ro (?), n. See Potargo. + +Pot"ale` (?), n. The refuse from a grain distillery, used to fatten +swine. + +Po*ta"mi*an (?), n. [Gr. &?; river.] (Zoˆl.) A river tortoise; one of a +group of tortoises (Potamites, or Trionychoidea) having a soft shell, +webbed feet, and a sharp beak. See Trionyx. + +Pot`a*mog"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr. &?; river + -graphy.] An account or +description of rivers; potamology. + +Pot`a*mol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. &?; river + -logy.] A scientific account or +discussion of rivers; a treatise on rivers; potamography. + +||Pot`a*mo*spon"gi*Ê (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; river + &?; a +||sponge.] (Zoˆl.) The fresh-water sponges. See Spongilla. + +Po"tance (?), n. [F. potence. See Potence, Potency.] (Watch Making) The +stud in which the bearing for the lower pivot of the verge is made. + +Po*tar"go (?), n. [Cf. Botargo.] A kind of sauce or pickle. King. + +Pot"ash` (?), n. [Pot + ash.] (Chem.) (a) The hydroxide of potassium +hydrate, a hard white brittle substance, KOH, having strong caustic and +alkaline properties; -- hence called also caustic potash. (b) The +impure potassium carbonate obtained by leaching wood ashes, either as a +strong solution (lye), or as a white crystalline (pearlash). + +Pot"ash`es (?), n. pl. (Chem.) Potash. [Obs.] + +Po*tas"sa (?), n. [NL., fr. E. potash.] (Chem.) (a) Potassium oxide. +[Obs.] (b) Potassium hydroxide, commonly called caustic potash. + +Pot`ass*am"ide (?), n. [Potassium + amide.] (Chem.) A yellowish brown +substance obtained by heating potassium in ammonia. + +Po*tas"sic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or containing, potassium. + +Po*tas"si*um (?), n. [NL. See Potassa, Potash.] (Chem.) An Alkali +element having atomic number 19, occurring abundantly but always +combined, as in the chloride, sulphate, carbonate, or silicate, in the +minerals sylvite, kainite, orthoclase, muscovite, etc. Atomic weight +39.1. Symbol K (Kalium). + +It is reduced from the carbonate as a soft white metal, lighter than +water, which oxidizes with the greatest readiness, and, to be +preserved, must be kept under liquid hydrocarbons, as naphtha or +kerosene. Its compounds are very important, being used in glass making, +soap making, in fertilizers, and in many drugs and chemicals. + +Potassium permanganate, the salt KMnO4, crystallizing in dark red +prisms having a greenish surface color, and dissolving in water with a +beautiful purple red color; -- used as an oxidizer and disinfectant. +The name chameleon mineral is applied to this salt and also to +potassium manganate. -- Potassium bitartrate. See Cream of tartar, +under Cream. + +Pot`ass*ox"yl (?), n. [Potassium + oxygen + -yl.] (Chem.) The radical +KO, derived from, and supposed to exist in, potassium hydroxide and +other compounds. + +Po*ta"tion (?), n. [L. potatio, fr. potare. See Potable.] 1. The act of +drinking. Jer. Taylor. + +2. A draught. "Potations pottle deep." Shak. + +3. Drink; beverage. "Thin potations." Shak. + +Po*ta"to (?), n.; pl. Potatoes (#). [Sp. patata potato, batata sweet +potato, from the native American name (probably batata) in Hayti.] +(Bot.) (a) A plant (Solanum tuberosum) of the Nightshade family, and +its esculent farinaceous tuber, of which there are numerous varieties +used for food. It is native of South America, but a form of the species +is found native as far north as New Mexico. (b) The sweet potato (see +below). + +Potato beetle, Potato bug. (Zoˆl.) (a) A beetle (Doryphora +decemlineata) which feeds, both in the larval and adult stages, upon +the leaves of the potato, often doing great damage. Called also +Colorado potato beetle, and Doryphora. See Colorado beetle. (b) The +Lema trilineata, a smaller and more slender striped beetle which feeds +upon the potato plant, bur does less injury than the preceding species. +-- Potato fly (Zoˆl.), any one of several species of blister beetles +infesting the potato vine. The black species (Lytta atrata), the +striped (L. vittata), and the gray (L. cinerea, or Fabricii) are the +most common. See Blister beetle, under Blister. -- Potato rot, a +disease of the tubers of the potato, supposed to be caused by a kind of +mold (Peronospora infestans), which is first seen upon the leaves and +stems. -- Potato weevil (Zoˆl.), an American weevil (Baridius +trinotatus) whose larva lives in and kills the stalks of potato vines, +often causing serious damage to the crop. -- Potato whisky, a strong, +fiery liquor, having a hot, smoky taste, and rich in amyl alcohol +(fusel oil); it is made from potatoes or potato starch. -- Potato worm +(Zoˆl.), the large green larva of a sphinx, or hawk moth (Macrosila +quinquemaculata); -- called also tomato worm. See Illust. under Tomato. +-- Seaside potato (Bot.), Ipomúa Pes-CaprÊ, a kind of morning-glory +with rounded and emarginate or bilobed leaves. [West Indies] -- Sweet +potato (Bot.), a climbing plant (Ipomúa Balatas) allied to the +morning-glory. Its farinaceous tubers have a sweetish taste, and are +used, when cooked, for food. It is probably a native of Brazil, but is +cultivated extensively in the warmer parts of every continent, and even +as far north as New Jersey. The name potato was applied to this plant +before it was to the Solanum tuberosum, and this is the "potato" of the +Southern United States. -- Wild potato. (Bot.) (a) A vine (Ipomúa +pandurata) having a pale purplish flower and an enormous root. It is +common in sandy places in the United States. (b) A similar tropical +American plant (I. fastigiata) which it is thought may have been the +original stock of the sweet potato. + +Po*ta"tor (?), n. [L.] A drinker. [R.] Southey. + +Po"ta*to*ry (?), a. [L. potatorius, from potare to drink.] Of or +pertaining to drinking. Ld. Lytton. + +Pot"-bel`lied (?), a. Having a protuberant belly, like the bottom of a +pot. + +Pot"-bel`ly (?), n. A protuberant belly. + +Pot"boil`er (?), n. A term applied derisively to any literary or +artistic work, and esp. a painting, done simply for money and the means +of living. [Cant] + +Pot"boy` (?), n. A boy who carries pots of ale, beer, etc.; a menial in +a public house. + +Potch (?), v. i. [Cf. Poach to stab.] To thrust; to push. [Obs.] "I 'll +potch at him some way." Shak. + +Potch, v. t. See Poach, to cook. [Obs.] Wiseman. + +Potch"er (?), n. One who, or that which, potches. + +Potcher engine (Paper Making), a machine in which washed rags are +stirred in a bleaching solution. + +Pot"e*ca*ry (?), n. An apothecary. [Obs.] + +Po*teen" (?), n. [Cf. Ir. potaim, poitim, I drink, poitin a small pot.] +Whisky; especially, whisky illicitly distilled by the Irish peasantry. +[Written also potheen, and potteen.] + +Po"te*lot (?), n. [F.,; cf. G. pottloth black lead.] (Old Chem. & Min.) +Molybdenum sulphide. + +Po"tence (?), n. [F., fr. LL. potentia staff, crutch, L., might, power. +See Potency.] Potency; capacity. [R.] Sir W. Hamilton. + +<! p. 1121 !> + +Po"ten*cy (?), n. [L. potentia, from potens, -entis, potent. See +Potent, and cf. Potance, Potence, Puissance.] The quality or state of +being potent; physical or moral power; inherent strength; energy; +ability to effect a purpose; capability; efficacy; influence. "Drugs of +potency." Hawthorne. + + A place of potency and away o' the state. + + +Shak. + +Po"tent (?), a. [L. potens, - entis, p. pr. of posse to be able, to +have power, fr. potis able, capable (akin to Skr. pati master, lord) + +esse to be. See Host a landlord, Am, and cf. Despot, Podesta, Possible, +Power, Puissant.] 1. Producing great physical effects; forcible; +powerful' efficacious; as, a potent medicine. "Harsh and potent +injuries." Shak. + + Moses once more his potent rod extends. + + +Milton. + +2. Having great authority, control, or dominion; puissant; mighty; +influential; as, a potent prince. "A potent dukedom." Shak. + + Most potent, grave, and reverend signiors. + + +Shak. + +3. Powerful, in an intellectual or moral sense; having great influence; +as, potent interest; a potent argument. + +Cross potent. (Her.) See Illust. (7) of Cross. + +Syn. -- Powerful; mighty; puissant; strong; able; efficient; forcible; +efficacious; cogent; influential. + +Po"tent, n. 1. A prince; a potentate. [Obs.] Shak. + +2. [See Potence.] A staff or crutch. [Obs.] + +3. (Her.) One of the furs; a surface composed of patches which are +supposed to represent crutch heads; they are always alternately argent +and azure, unless otherwise specially mentioned. + +Counter potent (Her.), a fur differing from potent in the arrangement +of the patches. + +Po"ten*ta*cy (?), n. [See Potentate.] Sovereignty. [Obs.] + +Po"ten*tate (?), n. [LL. potentatus, fr. potentare to exercise power: +cf. F. potentat. See Potent, a.] One who is potent; one who possesses +great power or sway; a prince, sovereign, or monarch. + + The blessed and only potentate. + + +1 Tim. vi. 15. + + Cherub and seraph, potentates and thrones. + + +Milton. + +Po*ten"tial (?), a. [Cf. F. potentiel. See Potency.] 1. Being potent; +endowed with energy adequate to a result; efficacious; influential. +[Obs.] "And hath in his effect a voice potential." Shak. + +2. Existing in possibility, not in actuality. "A potential hero." +Carlyle. + + Potential existence means merely that the thing may be at ome time; + actual existence, that it now is. + + +Sir W. Hamilton. + +Potential cautery. See under Cautery. -- Potential energy. (Mech.) See +the Note under Energy. -- Potential mood, or mode (Gram.), that form of +the verb which is used to express possibility, liberty, power, will, +obligation, or necessity, by the use of may, can, must, might, could, +would, or should; as, I may go; he can write. + +Po*ten"tial, n. 1. Anything that may be possible; a possibility; +potentially. Bacon. + +2. (Math.) In the theory of gravitation, or of other forces acting in +space, a function of the rectangular coordinates which determine the +position of a point, such that its differential coefficients with +respect to the coˆrdinates are equal to the components of the force at +the point considered; -- also called potential function, or force +function. It is called also Newtonian potential when the force is +directed to a fixed center and is inversely as the square of the +distance from the center. + +3. (Elec.) The energy of an electrical charge measured by its power to +do work; hence, the degree of electrification as referred to some +standard, as that of the earth; electro-motive force. + +Po*ten`ti*al"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being potential; +possibility, not actuality; inherent capability or disposition, not +actually exhibited. + +Po*ten"tial*ly (?), adv. 1. With power; potently. [Obs.] + +2. In a potential manner; possibly, not positively. + + The duration of human souls is only potentially infinite. + + +Bentley. + +Po*ten"ti*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Potentiated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Potentiating.] To render active or potent. Coleridge. + +Po*ten`ti*om"e*ter (?), n. [Potential + -meter.] (Elec.) An instrument +for measuring or comparing electrial potentials or electro-motive +forces. + +Po"ten*tize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Potentized; p. pr. & vb. n. +Potentizing.] To render the latent power of (anything) available. +Dunglison. + +Po"tent*ly (?), adv. With great force or energy; powerfully; +efficaciously. "You are potently opposed." Shak. + +Po"tent*ness, n. The quality or state of being potent; powerfulness; +potency; efficacy. + +Po"tes*tate (?), n. A chief ruler; a potentate. [Obs.] Wyclif. "An +irous potestate." Chaucer. + +Po*tes"ta*tive (?), a. [L. potestativus, fr. potestas power: cf. F. +potestatif. See Potent.] Authoritative. [Obs.] Bp. Pearson. + +Pot"gun` (?), n. 1. A pot-shaped cannon; a mortar. [Obs.] "Twelve +potguns of brass." Hakluyt. + +2. A popgun. [Obs.] Swift. + +Poth"e*ca*ry (?), n. An apothecary. [Obs.] + +Po*theen" (?), n. See Poteen. + +Poth"er (?), n. [Cf. D. peuteren to rummage, poke. Cf. Potter, Pudder.] +Bustle; confusion; tumult; flutter; bother. [Written also potter, and +pudder.] "What a pother and stir!" Oldham. "Coming on with a terrible +pother." Wordsworth. + +Poth"er, v. i. To make a bustle or stir; to be fussy. + +Poth"er, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pothered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pothering.] +To harass and perplex; to worry. "Pothers and wearies himself." Locke. + +Pot"hole` (?), n. A circular hole formed in the rocky beds of rivers by +the grinding action of stones or gravel whirled round by the water in +what was at first a natural depression of the rock. + +Pot"hook` (?), n. 1. An S-shaped hook on which pots and kettles are +hung over an open fire. + +2. A written character curved like a pothook; (pl.) a scrawled writing. +"I long to be spelling her Arabic scrawls and pothooks." Dryden. + +Pot"house` (?), n. An alehouse. T. Warton. + +{ ||Po`ti*cho*ma"ni*a (?), ||Po`ti*cho*ma"nie (?), } n. [F. +potichomanie; potiche a porcelain vase + manie mania.] The art or +process of coating the inside of glass vessels with engravings or +paintings, so as to give them the appearance of painted ware. + +Po"tion (?), n. [L. potio, from potare to drink: cf. F. potion. See +Poison.] A draught; a dose; usually, a draught or dose of a liquid +medicine. Shak. + +Po"tion (?), v. t. To drug. [Obs.] Speed. + +Pot"lid` (?), n. The lid or cover of a pot. + +Potlid valve, a valve covering a round hole or the end of a pipe or +pump barrel, resembling a potlid in form. + +Pot"luck` (?), n. Whatever may chance to be in the pot, or may be +provided for a meal. + + A woman whose potluck was always to be relied on. + + +G. Eliot. + +To take potluck, to take what food may chance to be provided. + +Pot"man (?), n.; pl. Potmen (&?;). 1. A pot companion. [Obs.] Life of +A. Wood (1663). + +2. A servant in a public house; a potboy. + +||Po*too" (?), n. (Zoˆl.) A large South American goatsucker (Nyctibius +||grandis). + +||Po`to*roo" (?), n. (Zoˆl.) Any small kangaroo belonging to +||Hypsiprymnus, Bettongia, and allied genera, native of Australia and +||Tasmania. Called also kangaroo rat. + +Pot"pie` (?), n. A meat pie which is boiled instead of being baked. + +Pot`pour`ri" (?), n. [F., fr. pot pot + pourri, p. p. of pourrir to +rot, L. putrere. Cf. Olla-podrida.] A medley or mixture. Specifically: +(a) A ragout composed of different sorts of meats, vegetables, etc., +cooked together. (b) A jar or packet of flower leaves, perfumes, and +spices, used to scent a room. (c) A piece of music made up of different +airs strung together; a medley. (d) A literary production composed of +parts brought together without order or bond of connection. + +Pots"dam group` (&?;). (Geol.) A subdivision of the Primordial or +Cambrian period in American geology; -- so named from the sandstone of +Potsdam, New York. See Chart of Geology. + +{ Pot"shard` (?), Pot"share` (?), } n. A potsherd. [Obs.] Spenser. + +Pot"sherd` (?), n. [Pot + sherd or shard.] A piece or fragment of a +broken pot. Job ii. 8. + +Pot"stone` (?), n. (Min.) A variety of steatite sometimes manufactured +into culinary vessels. + +Pot"-sure` (-shr), a. Made confident by drink. [Obs.] + +Pott (?), n. A size of paper. See under Paper. + +Pot"tage (?; 48), n. [F. potage, fr. pot pot. See Pot, and cf. +Porridge, Porringer.] A kind of food made by boiling vegetables or +meat, or both together, in water, until soft; a thick soup or porridge. +[Written also potage.] Chaucer. + + Then Jacob gave Esau bread and pottage of lentils. + + +Gen. xxv. 34. + +Pot"tain (?), n. Old pot metal. [Obs.] Holland. + +Pot*teen" (?), n. See Poteen. + +Pot"ter (?), n. [Cf. F. potier.] 1. One whose occupation is to make +earthen vessels. Ps. ii. 9. + + The potter heard, and stopped his wheel. + + +Longfellow. + +2. One who hawks crockery or earthenware. [Prov. Eng.] De Quincey. + +3. One who pots meats or other eatables. + +4. (Zoˆl.) The red-bellied terrapin. See Terrapin. + +Potter's asthma (Med.), emphysema of the lungs; -- so called because +very prevalent among potters. Parkers. -- Potter's clay. See under +Clay. -- Potter's field, a public burial place, especially in a city, +for paupers, unknown persons, and criminals; -- so named from the field +south of Jerusalem, mentioned in Matt. xxvii. 7. -- Potter's ore. See +Alquifou. -- Potter's wheel, a horizontal revolving disk on which the +clay is molded into form with the hands or tools. "My thoughts are +whirled like a potter's wheel." Shak. -- Potter wasp (Zoˆl.), a small +solitary wasp (Eumenes fraternal) which constructs a globular nest of +mud and sand in which it deposits insect larvÊ, such as cankerworms, as +food for its young. + +Pot"ter, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Pottered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pottering.] +[Cf. W. pwtio to poke, or OD. poteren to search one thoroughly, Sw. +pÂta, peta, to pick, E. pother, put.] 1. To busy one's self with +trifles; to labor with little purpose, energy, of effect; to trifle; to +pother. + + Pottering about the Mile End cottages. + + +Mrs. Humphry Ward. + +2. To walk lazily or idly; to saunter. + +Pot"ter, v. t. To poke; to push; also, to disturb; to confuse; to +bother. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell. + +Pot"tern (?), a. Of or pertaining to potters. + +Pottern ore, a species of ore which, from its aptness to vitrify like +the glazing of potter's wares, the miners call by this name. Boyle. + +Pot"ter*y (?), n.; pl. Potteries (#). [F. poterie, fr. pot. See Pot.] +1. The vessels or ware made by potters; earthenware, glazed and baked. + +2. The place where earthen vessels are made. + +Pot"ting (?), n. 1. Tippling. [Obs.] Shak. + +2. The act of placing in a pot; as, the potting of plants; the potting +of meats for preservation. + +3. The process of putting sugar in casks for cleansing and draining. +[West Indies] B. Edwards. + +Pot"tle (?), n. [OE. potel, OF. potel, dim. of pot. See Pot.] 1. A +liquid measure of four pints. + +2. A pot or tankard. Shak. + + A dry pottle of sack before him. + + +Sir W. Scott. + +3. A vessel or small basket for holding fruit. + + He had a . . . pottle of strawberries in one hand. + + +Dickens. + +Pottle draught, taking a pottle of liquor at one draught. [ Prov. Eng.] +Halliwell. + +||Pot"to (?), n. (Zoˆl.) (a) A nocturnal mammal (Perodictius potto) of +||the Lemur family, found in West Africa. It has rudimentary +||forefingers. Called also aposoro, and bush dog. (b) The kinkajou. + +Pott's" dis*ease" (?). (Med.) Caries of the vertebrÊ, frequently +resulting in curvature of the spine and paralysis of the lower +extremities; -- so named from Percival Pott, an English surgeon. + +Pott's fracture, a fracture of the lower end of the fibula, with +displacement of the tibia. Dunglison. + +Pot"u*lent (?), a. [L. potulentus, fr. potus a drinking, drink, fr. +potare to drink.] 1. Fit to drink; potable. [Obs.] Johnson. + +2. Nearly drunk; tipsy. [Obs.] + +Pot"-val`iant (?), a. Having the courage given by drink. Smollett. + +Pot"-wal`lop*er (?), n. 1. A voter in certain boroughs of England, +where, before the passage of the reform bill of 1832, the qualification +for suffrage was to have boiled (walloped) his own pot in the parish +for six months. + +2. One who cleans pots; a scullion. [Slang, U. S.] + +Pouch (?), n. [F. poche a pocket, pouch, bag; probably of Teutonic +origin. See Poke a bag, and cf. Poach to cook eggs, to plunder.] 1. A +small bag; usually, a leathern bag; as, a pouch for money; a shot +pouch; a mail pouch, etc. + +2. That which is shaped like, or used as, a pouch; as: (a) A +protuberant belly; a paunch; -- so called in ridicule. (b) (Zoˆl.) A +sac or bag for carrying food or young; as, the cheek pouches of certain +rodents, and the pouch of marsupials. (c) (Med.) A cyst or sac +containing fluid. S. Sharp. (d) (Bot.) A silicle, or short pod, as of +the shepherd's purse. (e) A bulkhead in the hold of a vessel, to +prevent grain, etc., from shifting. + +Pouch mouth, a mouth with blubbered or swollen lips. + +Pouch, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pouched (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pouching.] 1. +To put or take into a pouch. + +2. To swallow; -- said of fowls. Derham. + +3. To pout. [Obs.] Ainsworth. + +4. To pocket; to put up with. [R.] Sir W. Scott. + +Pouched (?), a. (Zoˆl.) (a) Having a marsupial pouch; as, the pouched +badger, or the wombat. (b) Having external cheek pouches; as, the +pouched gopher. (c) Having internal cheek pouches; as, the pouched +squirrels. + +Pouched dog. (Zoˆl.) See Zebra wolf, under Zebra. -- Pouched frog +(Zoˆl.), the nototrema, the female of which has a dorsal pouch in which +the eggs are hatched, and in which the young pass through their brief +tadpole stage. -- Pouched gopher, or Pouched rat. (Zoˆl.) See Pocket +gopher, under Pocket. -- Pouched mouse. (Zoˆl.) See Pocket mouse, under +Pocket. + +Pou"chet box` (?). See Pouncet box. + +Pouch"-mouthed` (?), a. Having a pouch mouth; blobber-lipped. + +Pou*chong" (?), n. A superior kind of souchong tea. De Colange. + +Pouch"-shell` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) A small British and American pond snail +(Bulinus hypnorum). + +Pou"dre (?), n. [See Powder.] Dust; powder. [Obs.] Chaucer. + +Poudre marchant [see Merchant], a kind of flavoring powder used in the +Middle Ages. [Obs.] Chaucer. + +Pou*drette" (?), n. [F., dim. of poudre dust, powder. See Powder.] A +manure made from night soil, dried and mixed with charcoal, gypsum, +etc. + +Pou*laine" (?), n. [F. soulier ‡ la poulaine.] A long pointed shoe. See +Cracowes. + +Poul"da`vis (?), n. Same as Poledavy. [Obs.] + +Poul"der (?), n. & v. Powder. [Obs.] + +Poul"dron (?), n. See Pauldron. + +{ Poulp, Poulpe (?) }, n. [F. poulpe, fr. L. polypus. See Polyp.] +(Zoˆl.) Same as Octopus. + +Musk poulp (Zoˆl.), a Mediterranean octopod (Eledone moschata) which +emits a strong odor of musk. + +Poult (?), n. [OF. pulte, F. poulet, dim. of poule fowl. See Pullet.] A +young chicken, partridge, grouse, or the like. King. Chapman. + + Starling the heath poults or black game. + + +R. Jefferise. + +Poul"ter (?), n. [OE. pulter. See Poult.] A poulterer. [Obs.] Shak. + +Poul"ter*er (?), n. One who deals in poultry. + +Poul"tice (?), n. [L. puls, pl. pultes, a thick pap; akin to Gr. +po`ltos. Cf. Pulse seeds.] A soft composition, as of bread, bran, or a +mucilaginous substance, to be applied to sores, inflamed parts of the +body, etc.; a cataplasm. "Poultice relaxeth the pores." Bacon. + +Poul"tice, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Poulticed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Poulticing (?).] To apply a poultice to; to dress with a poultice. + +Poul"tive (?), n. A poultice. [Obs.] W. Temple. + +Poul"try (?), n. [From Poult.] Domestic fowls reared for the table, or +for their eggs or feathers, such as cocks and hens, capons, turkeys, +ducks, and geese. + +Pounce (?), n. [F. ponce pumice, pounce, fr. L. pumex, -icis, pumice. +See Pumice.] 1. A fine powder, as of sandarac, or cuttlefish bone, -- +formerly used to prevent ink from spreading on manuscript. + +<! p. 1122 !> + +2. Charcoal dust, or some other colored powder for making patterns +through perforated designs, -- used by embroiderers, lace makers, etc. + +Pounce box, a box for sprinkling pounce. -- Pounce paper, a transparent +paper for tracing. + +Pounce (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pounded (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pouncing +(?).] To sprinkle or rub with pounce; as, to pounce paper, or a +pattern. + +Pounce, n. [Prob. through French, from an assumed LL. punctiare to +prick, L. pungere, punctum. See Puncheon, Punch, v. t.] 1. The claw or +talon of a bird of prey. Spenser. Burke. + +2. A punch or stamp. [Obs.] "A pounce to print money with." Withals. + +3. Cloth worked in eyelet holes. [Obs.] Homilies. + +Pounce, v. t. 1. To strike or seize with the talons; to pierce, as with +the talons. [Archaic] + + Stooped from his highest pitch to pounce a wren. + + +Cowper. + + Now pounce him lightly, And as he roars and rages, let's go deeper. + + +J. Fletcher. + +2. To punch; to perforate; to stamp holes in, or dots on, by way of +ornament. [Obs.] Sir T. Elyot. + +Pounce, v. i. To fall suddenly and seize with the claws; -- with on or +upon; as, a hawk pounces upon a chicken. Also used figuratively. + + Derision is never so agonizing as when it pounces on the wanderings + of misguided sensibility. + + +Jeffrey. + +Pounced (?), a. 1. Furnished with claws or talons; as, the pounced +young of the eagle. Thomson. + +2. Ornamented with perforations or dots. [Obs.] "Gilt bowls pounced and +pierced." Holinshed. + +Poun"cet box` (?). [Cf. F. poncette, fr. ponce pounce. See Pounce a +powder.] A box with a perforated lid, for sprinkling pounce, or for +holding perfumes. Shak. + +Poun"cing (?), n. 1. The art or practice of transferring a design by +means of pounce. + +2. Decorative perforation of cloth. [Obs.] + +Pound (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pounded; p. pr. & vb. n. Pounding.] [OE. +pounen, AS. punian to bruise. Cf. Pun a play on words.] 1. To strike +repeatedly with some heavy instrument; to beat. + + With cruel blows she pounds her blubbered cheeks. + + +Dryden. + +2. To comminute and pulverize by beating; to bruise or break into fine +particles with a pestle or other heavy instrument; as, to pound spice +or salt. + +Pound, v. i. 1. To strike heavy blows; to beat. + +2. (Mach.) To make a jarring noise, as in running; as, the engine +pounds. + +Pound, n. [AS. pund an inclosure: cf. forpyndan to turn away, or to +repress, also Icel. pynda to extort, torment, Ir. pont, pond, pound. +Cf. Pinder, Pinfold, Pin to inclose, Pond.] 1. An inclosure, maintained +by public authority, in which cattle or other animals are confined when +taken in trespassing, or when going at large in violation of law; a +pinfold. Shak. + +2. A level stretch in a canal between locks. + +3. (Fishing) A kind of net, having a large inclosure with a narrow +entrance into which fish are directed by wings spreading outward. + +Pound covert, a pound that is close or covered over, as a shed. -- +Pound overt, a pound that is open overhead. + +Pound, v. t. To confine in, or as in, a pound; to impound. Milton. + +Pound, n.; pl. Pounds (#), collectively Pound or Pounds. [AS. pund, fr. +L. pondo, akin to pondus a weight, pendere to weigh. See Pendant.] 1. A +certain specified weight; especially, a legal standard consisting of an +established number of ounces. + +The pound in general use in the United States and in England is the +pound avoirdupois, which is divided into sixteen ounces, and contains +7,000 grains. The pound troy is divided into twelve ounces, and +contains 5,760 grains. 144 pounds avoirdupois are equal to 175 pounds +troy weight. See Avoirdupois, and Troy. + +2. A British denomination of money of account, equivalent to twenty +shillings sterling, and equal in value to about $4.86. There is no coin +known by this name, but the gold sovereign is of the same value. + +The pound sterling was in Saxon times, about a. d. 671, a pound troy of +silver, and a shilling was its twentieth part; consequently the latter +was three times as large as it is at present. Peacham. + +Pound"age (?), n. 1. A sum deducted from a pound, or a certain sum paid +for each pound; a commission. + +2. A subsidy of twelve pence in the pound, formerly granted to the +crown on all goods exported or imported, and if by aliens, more. [Eng.] +Blackstone. + +3. (Law) The sum allowed to a sheriff or other officer upon the amount +realized by an execution; -- estimated in England, and formerly in the +United States, at so much of the pound. Burrill. Bouvier. + +Pound"age, v. t. To collect, as poundage; to assess, or rate, by +poundage. [R.] + +Pound"age, n. [See 3d Pound.] 1. Confinement of cattle, or other +animals, in a public pound. + +2. A charge paid for the release of impounded cattle. + +Pound"al (?), n. [From 5th Pound.] (Physics & Mech.) A unit of force +based upon the pound, foot, and second, being the force which, acting +on a pound avoirdupois for one second, causes it to acquire by the of +that time a velocity of one foot per second. It is about equal to the +weight of half an ounce, and is 13,825 dynes. + +Pound"-breach` (?), n. The breaking of a public pound for releasing +impounded animals. Blackstone. + +Pound"cake` (?), n. A kind of rich, sweet cake; -- so called from the +ingredients being used by pounds, or in equal quantities. + +Pound"er (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, pounds, as a stamp in an +ore mill. + +2. An instrument used for pounding; a pestle. + +3. A person or thing, so called with reference to a certain number of +pounds in value, weight, capacity, etc.; as, a cannon carrying a +twelve-pound ball is called a twelve pounder. + +Before the English reform act of 1867, one who was an elector by virtue +of paying ten pounds rent was called a ten pounder. + +Pound"ing (?), n. 1. The act of beating, bruising, or breaking up; a +beating. + +2. A pounded or pulverized substance. [R.] "Covered with the poundings +of these rocks." J. S. Blackie. + +Pound"keep`er (?), n. The keeper of a pound. + +Pound"*rate` (?), n. A rate or proportion estimated at a certain amount +for each pound; poundage. + +Poup (?), v. i. See Powp. [Obs.] Chaucer. + +Pou*part's" lig"a*ment (?). (Anat.) A ligament, of fascia, extending, +in most mammals, from the ventral side of the ilium to near the +symphysis of the pubic bones. + +Pou"pe*ton (?), n. [See Puppet.] A puppet, or little baby. [Obs.] +Palsgrave. + +Pour (?), a. Poor. [Obs.] Chaucer. + +Pour (?), v. i. To pore. [Obs.] Chaucer. + +Pour (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Poured (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pouring.] +[OE. pouren, of uncertain origin; cf. W. bwrw to cast, throw, shed, +bwrw gwlaw to rain.] 1. To cause to flow in a stream, as a liquid or +anything flowing like a liquid, either out of a vessel or into it; as, +to pour water from a pail; to pour wine into a decanter; to pour oil +upon the waters; to pour out sand or dust. + +2. To send forth as in a stream or a flood; to emit; to let escape +freely or wholly. + + I . . . have poured out my soul before the Lord. + + +1 Sam. i. 15. + + Now will I shortly pour out my fury upon thee. + + +Ezek. vii. 8. + + London doth pour out her citizens ! + + +Shak. + + Wherefore did Nature pour her bounties forth With such a full and + unwithdrawing hand ? + + +Milton. + +3. To send forth from, as in a stream; to discharge uninterruptedly. + + Is it for thee the linnet pours his throat ? + + +Pope. + +Pour, v. i. To flow, pass, or issue in a stream, or as a stream; to +fall continuously and abundantly; as, the rain pours; the people poured +out of the theater. + + In the rude throng pour on with furious pace. + + +Gay. + +Pour, n. A stream, or something like a stream; a flood. [Colloq.] "A +pour of rain." Miss Ferrier. + +Poure"liche` (?), adv. Poorly. [Obs.] Chaucer. + +Pour"er (?), n. One who pours. + +Pour"lieu (?), n. See Purlieu. + +||Pour`par`ler" (?), n. [F.] (Diplomacy) A consultation preliminary to +||a treaty. + +Pour`par"ty (?), n.; pl. Pourparties (#). [See Purparty.] (Law) A +division; a divided share. + +To make pourparty, to divide and apportion lands previously held in +common. + +Pour"point (?), n. [F.] A quilted military doublet or gambeson worn in +the 14th and 15th centuries; also, a name for the doublet of the 16th +and 17th centuries worn by civilians. + +Pour*pres"ture (?; 135), n. (Law) See Purpresture. + +Pour"sui*vant (?), n. See Pursuivant. + +Pour*tray" (?), v. t. See Portray. + +Pour*vey"ance (?), n. See Purveyance. + +Pousse (ps), n. Pulse; pease. [Obs.] Spenser. + +Pous*sette" (p*st"), n. [F., pushpin, fr. pousser to push. See Push.] A +movement, or part of a figure, in the contradance. Dickens. + +Pous*sette", v. i. To perform a certain movement in a dance. [R.] +Tennyson. + + Down the middle, up again, poussette, and cross. + + +J. & H. Smith. + +Pout (pt), n. [F. poulet. See Poult.] The young of some birds, as +grouse; a young fowl. Carew. + +Pout (pt), v. i. To shoot pouts. [Scot.] + +Pout (pout), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Pouted; p. pr. & vb. n. Pouting.] [OE. +pouten, of uncertain origin; cf. Prov. pot lip, Prov. F. potte, faire +la potte to pout, W. pwdu to pout, be sullen, poten, potten, a paunch, +belly.] 1. To thrust out the lips, as in sullenness or displeasure; +hence, to look sullen. + + Thou poutest upon thy fortune and thy love. + + +Shak. + +2. To protrude. "Pouting lips." Dryden. + +Pout, n. A sullen protrusion of the lips; a fit of sullenness. "Jack's +in the pouts." J. & H. Smith. + +Pout, n. [Cf. Eelpout.] (Zoˆl.) The European whiting pout or bib. + +Eel pout. (Zoˆl.) See Eelpout. -- Horn pout, or Horned pout. (Zoˆl.) +See Bullhead (b). + +Pout"er (-r), n. 1. One who, or that which, pouts. + +2. [Cf. E. pout, and G. puter turkey.] (Zoˆl.) A variety of the +domestic pigeon remarkable for the extent to which it is able to dilate +its throat and breast. + +Pout"ing, n. Childish sullenness. + +Pout"ing*ly, adv. In a pouting, or a sullen, manner. + +Pov"ert (pv"rt), n. Poverty. [Obs.] Chaucer. + +Pov"er*ty (pv"r*t), n. [OE. poverte, OF. povertÈ, F. pauvretÈ, fr. L. +paupertas, fr. pauper poor. See Poor.] 1. The quality or state of being +poor or indigent; want or scarcity of means of subsistence; indigence; +need. "Swathed in numblest poverty." Keble. + + The drunkard and the glutton shall come to poverty. + + +Prov. xxiii. 21. + +2. Any deficiency of elements or resources that are needed or desired, +or that constitute richness; as, poverty of soil; poverty of the blood; +poverty of ideas. + +Poverty grass (Bot.), a name given to several slender grasses (as +Aristida dichotoma, and Danthonia spicata) which often spring up on old +and worn-out fields. + +Syn. -- Indigence; penury; beggary; need; lack; want; scantiness; +sparingness; meagerness; jejuneness. Poverty, Indigence, Pauperism. +Poverty is a relative term; what is poverty to a monarch, would be +competence for a day laborer. Indigence implies extreme distress, and +almost absolute destitution. Pauperism denotes entire dependence upon +public charity, and, therefore, often a hopeless and degraded state. + +{ Pow"an (?), Pow"en (?) }, n. (Zoˆl.) A small British lake whitefish +(Coregonus clupeoides, or C. ferus); -- called also gwyniad and lake +herring. + +Pow"der (?), n. [OE. poudre, pouldre, F. poudre, OF. also poldre, +puldre, L. pulvis, pulveris: cf. pollen fine flour, mill dust, E. +pollen. Cf. Polverine, Pulverize.] 1. The fine particles to which any +dry substance is reduced by pounding, grinding, or triturating, or into +which it falls by decay; dust. + + Grind their bones to powder small. + + +Shak. + +2. An explosive mixture used in gunnery, blasting, etc.; gunpowder. See +Gunpowder. + +Atlas powder, Baking powder, etc. See under Atlas, Baking, etc. -- +Powder down (Zoˆl.), the peculiar dust, or exfoliation, of powder-down +feathers. -- Powder- down feather (Zoˆl.), one of a peculiar kind of +modified feathers which sometimes form patches on certain parts of some +birds. They have a greasy texture and a scaly exfoliation. - - +Powder-down patch (Zoˆl.), a tuft or patch of powder-down feathers. -- +Powder hose, a tube of strong linen, about an inch in diameter, filled +with powder and used in firing mines. Farrow. -- Powder hoy (Naut.), a +vessel specially fitted to carry powder for the supply of war ships. +They are usually painted red and carry a red flag. -- Powder magazine, +or Powder room. See Magazine, 2. -- Powder mine, a mine exploded by +gunpowder. See Mine. -- Powder monkey (Naut.), a boy formerly employed +on war vessels to carry powder; a powder boy. -- Powder post. See Dry +rot, under Dry. -- Powder puff. See Puff, n. + +Pow"der, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Powdered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Powdering.] +[F. poudrer.] 1. To reduce to fine particles; to pound, grind, or rub +into a powder; to comminute; to pulverize; to triturate. + +2. To sprinkle with powder, or as with powder; to be sprinkle; as, to +powder the hair. + + A circling zone thou seest Powdered with stars. + + +Milton. + +3. To sprinkle with salt; to corn, as meat. [Obs.] + +Pow"der, v. i. 1. To be reduced to powder; to become like powder; as, +some salts powder easily. + +2. To use powder on the hair or skin; as, she paints and powders. + +Pow"dered (?), a. 1. Reduced to a powder; sprinkled with, or as with, +powder. + +2. Sprinkled with salt; salted; corned. [Obs.] + + Powdered beef, pickled meats. + + +Harvey. + +3. (Her.) Same as SemÈ. Walpole. + +Pow"der*flask` (?), n. A flask in which gunpowder is carried, having a +charging tube at the end. + +Pow"der*horn` (?), n. A horn in which gunpowder is carried. + +Pow"der*ing, a. & n. from Powder, v. t. + +Powdering tub. (a) A tub or vessel in which meat is corned or salted. +(b) A heated tub in which an infected lecher was placed for cure. +[Obs.] Shak. + +Pow"der*mill` (?), n. A mill in which gunpowder is made. + +Pow"der-post`ed (?), a. Affected with dry rot; reduced to dust by rot. +See Dry rot, under Dry. [U.S.] + +Pow"der*y (?), a. 1. Easily crumbling to pieces; friable; loose; as, a +powdery spar. + +2. Sprinkled or covered with powder; dusty; as, the powdery bloom on +plums. + +3. Resembling powder; consisting of powder. "The powdery snow." +Wordsworth. + +Pow"dike (?), n. [Scot. pow, pou, a pool, a watery or marshy place, fr. +E. pool.] A dike a marsh or fen. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell. + +Pow"dry (?), a. See Powdery. + +Pow"er (?), n. (Zoˆl.) Same as Poor, the fish. + +Pow"er, n. [OE. pouer, poer, OF. poeir, pooir, F. pouvoir, n. & v., fr. +LL. potere, for L. posse, potesse, to be able, to have power. See +Possible, Potent, and cf. Posse comitatus.] 1. Ability to act, regarded +as latent or inherent; the faculty of doing or performing something; +capacity for action or performance; capability of producing an effect, +whether physical or moral: potency; might; as, a man of great power; +the power of capillary attraction; money gives power. "One next himself +in power, and next in crime." Milton. + +2. Ability, regarded as put forth or exerted; strength, force, or +energy in action; as, the power of steam in moving an engine; the power +of truth, or of argument, in producing conviction; the power of +enthusiasm. "The power of fancy." Shak. + +3. Capacity of undergoing or suffering; fitness to be acted upon; +susceptibility; -- called also passive power; as, great power of +endurance. + + Power, then, is active and passive; faculty is active power or + capacity; capacity is passive power. + + +Sir W. Hamilton. + +4. The exercise of a faculty; the employment of strength; the exercise +of any kind of control; influence; dominion; sway; command; government. + + Power is no blessing in itself but when it is employed to protect + the innocent. + + +Swift. + +5. The agent exercising an ability to act; an individual invested with +authority; an institution, or government, which exercises control; as, +the great powers of Europe; hence, often, a superhuman agent; a spirit; +a divinity. "The powers of darkness." Milton. + + And the powers of the heavens shall be shaken. + + +Matt. xxiv. 29. + +6. A military or naval force; an army or navy; a great host. Spenser. + + Never such a power . . . Was levied in the body of a land. + + +Shak. + +<! p. 1123 !> + +7. A large quantity; a great number; as, a power o&?; good things. +[Colloq.] Richardson. + +8. (Mech.) (a) The rate at which mechanical energy is exerted or +mechanical work performed, as by an engine or other machine, or an +animal, working continuously; as, an engine of twenty horse power. + +The English unit of power used most commonly is the horse power. See +Horse power. + +(b) A mechanical agent; that from which useful mechanical energy is +derived; as, water power; steam power; hand power, etc. (c) Applied +force; force producing motion or pressure; as, the power applied at one +and of a lever to lift a weight at the other end. + +This use in mechanics, of power as a synonym for force, is improper and +is becoming obsolete. + +(d) A machine acted upon by an animal, and serving as a motor to drive +other machinery; as, a dog power. + +Power is used adjectively, denoting, driven, or adapted to be driven, +by machinery, and not actuated directly by the hand or foot; as, a +power lathe; a power loom; a power press. + +9. (Math.) The product arising from the multiplication of a number into +itself; as, a square is the second power, and a cube is third power, of +a number. + +10. (Metaph.) Mental or moral ability to act; one of the faculties +which are possessed by the mind or soul; as, the power of thinking, +reasoning, judging, willing, fearing, hoping, etc. I. Watts. + + The guiltiness of my mind, the sudden surprise of my powers, drove + the grossness . . . into a received belief. + + +Shak. + +11. (Optics) The degree to which a lens, mirror, or any optical +instrument, magnifies; in the telescope, and usually in the microscope, +the number of times it multiplies, or augments, the apparent diameter +of an object; sometimes, in microscopes, the number of times it +multiplies the apparent surface. + +12. (Law) An authority enabling a person to dispose of an interest +vested either in himself or in another person; ownership by +appointment. Wharton. + +13. Hence, vested authority to act in a given case; as, the business +was referred to a committee with power. + +Power may be predicated of inanimate agents, like the winds and waves, +electricity and magnetism, gravitation, etc., or of animal and +intelligent beings; and when predicated of these beings, it may +indicate physical, mental, or moral ability or capacity. + +Mechanical powers. See under Mechanical. -- Power loom, or Power press. +See Def. 8 (d), note. -- Power of attorney. See under Attorney. -- +Power of a point (relative to a given curve) (Geom.), the result of +substituting the coˆrdinates of any point in that expression which +being put equal to zero forms the equation of the curve; as, x2 + y2 - +100 is the power of the point x, y, relative to the circle x2 + y2 - +100 = 0. + +Pow"er*a*ble (?), a. 1. Capable of being effected or accomplished by +the application of power; possible. [R.] J. Young. + +2. Capable of exerting power; powerful. Camden. + +Pow"er*ful (?), a. 1. Full of power; capable of producing great effects +of any kind; potent; mighty; efficacious; intense; as, a powerful man +or beast; a powerful engine; a powerful argument; a powerful light; a +powerful vessel. + + The powerful grace that lies In herbs, plants, stones, and their + true qualities. + + +Shak. + +2. (Mining) Large; capacious; -- said of veins of ore. + +Syn. -- Mighty; strong; potent; forcible; efficacious; energetic; +intense. + +-- Pow"er*ful*ly, adv. -- Pow"er*ful*ness, n. + +Pow"er*less, a. Destitute of power, force, or energy; weak; impotent; +not able to produce any effect. -- Pow"er*less*ly, adv. -- +Pow"er*less*ness, n. + +Powl"dron (?), n. [OF. espauleron, from espaule shoulder, F. Èpaule.] +Same as Pauldron. + +Powp (?), v. i. See Poop, v. i. [Obs.] Chaucer. + +Pow"ter (pou"tr), n. (Zoˆl.) See Pouter. + +Pow"wow` (?), n. 1. A priest, or conjurer, among the North American +Indians. + + Be it sagamore, sachem, or powwow. + + +Longfellow. + +2. Conjuration attended with great noise and confusion, and often with +feasting, dancing, etc., performed by Indians for the cure of diseases, +to procure success in hunting or in war, and for other purposes. + +3. Hence: Any assembly characterized by noise and confusion; a noisy +frolic or gathering. [Colloq. U. S.] + +Pow"wow`, v. i. 1. To use conjuration, with noise and confusion, for +the cure of disease, etc., as among the North American Indians. + +2. Hence: To hold a noisy, disorderly meeting. [Colloq. U. S.] + +Pox (?), n. [For pocks, OE. pokkes. See Pock. It is plural in form but +is used as a singular.] (Med.) Strictly, a disease by pustules or +eruptions of any kind, but chiefly or wholly restricted to three or +four diseases, -- the smallpox, the chicken pox, and the vaccine and +the venereal diseases. + +Pox, when used without an epithet, as in imprecations, formerly +signified smallpox; but it now signifies syphilis. + +Pox, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Poxed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Poxing.] To infect +with the pox, or syphilis. + +Poy (?), n. [OF. apui, apoi, a support, prop., staff, F. appui, fr. OF. +apuier, apoier, to support, F. appuyer, fr. ‡ to (L. ad) + OF. pui, +poi, a rising ground, hill, L. podium. See Podium, Pew.] 1. A support; +-- used in composition; as, teapoy. + +2. A ropedancer's balancing pole. Johnson. + +3. A long boat hook by which barges are propelled against the stream. +[Prov. Eng.] Halliwell. + +Poy*na"do (?), n. A poniard. [Obs.] Lyly. + +Poynd (?), v., Poynd"er (&?;), n. See Poind, Poinder. + +Poy nette" (?), n. [Cf. Point.] A bodkin. [Obs.] + +Poyn"tel (?), n. [See Pointal.] (Arch.) Paving or flooring made of +small squares or lozenges set diagonally. [Formerly written pointal.] + +Poy"ou (?), n. (Zoˆl.) A South American armadillo (Dasypus sexcinctus). +Called also sixbanded armadillo. + +Poze (?), v. t. See 5th Pose. + +{ Poz`zu*o*la"na (?), Poz`zo*la"*na (?) }, n. [It.] Volcanic ashes from +Pozzuoli, in Italy, used in the manufacture of a kind of mortar which +hardens under water. + +Praam (?), n. [D. praam; cf. G. prahm, F. prame; all of Slavonic +origin, from a word akin to E. fare. See Fare.] (Naut.) A flat- +bottomed boat or lighter, -- used in Holland and the Baltic, and +sometimes armed in case of war. [Written also pram, and prame.] + +Prac"tic (?), a. [See Practical.] 1. Practical. + +2. Artful; deceitful; skillful. [Obs.] "Cunning sleights and practick +knavery." Spenser. + +Prac"ti*ca*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being practicable; +practicableness; feasibility. "The practicability of such a project." +Stewart. + +Prac"ti*ca*ble (?), a. [LL. practicare to act, transact, fr. L. +practicus active, Gr. &?;: cf. F. practicable, pratiquer to practice. +See Practical.] 1. That may be practiced or performed; capable of being +done or accomplished with available means or resources; feasible; as, a +practicable method; a practicable aim; a practicable good. + +2. Capable of being used; passable; as, a practicable weapon; a +practicable road. + +Practicable breach (Mil.), a breach which admits of approach and +entrance by an assailing party. + +Syn. -- Possible; feasible. -- Practicable, Possible. A thing may be +possible, i. e., not forbidden by any law of nature, and yet may not +now be practicable for want of the means requisite to its performance. + +-- Prac"ti*ca*ble*ness, n. -- Prac"ti*ca*bly, adv. + +Prac"ti*cal (?), a. [L. practicus active, Gr. &?; fit for doing or +performing, practical, active, fr. &?; to do, work, effect: cf. F. +pratique, formerly also practique. Cf. Pragmatic, Practice.] 1. Of or +pertaining to practice or action. + +2. Capable of being turned to use or account; useful, in distinction +from ideal or theoretical; as, practical chemistry. "Man's practical +understanding." South. "For all practical purposes." Macaulay. + +3. Evincing practice or skill; capable of applying knowledge to some +useful end; as, a practical man; a practical mind. + +4. Derived from practice; as, practical skill. + +Practical joke, a joke put in practice; a joke the fun of which +consists in something done, in distinction from something said; esp., a +trick played upon a person. + +Prac`ti*cal"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being practical; +practicalness. + +Prac"ti*cal*ly (?), adv. 1. In a practical way; not theoretically; +really; as, to look at things practically; practically worthless. + +2. By means of practice or use; by experience or experiment; as, +practically wise or skillful; practically acquainted with a subject. + +3. In practice or use; as, a medicine practically safe; theoretically +wrong, but practically right. + +Prac"ti*cal*ness, n. Same as Practicality. + +Prac"ti*cal*ize (?), v. t. To render practical. [R.] "Practicalizing +influences." J. S. Mill. + +Prac"tice (?), n. [OE. praktike, practique, F. pratique, formerly also, +practique, LL. practica, fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?; practical. See Practical, +and cf. Pratique, Pretty.] 1. Frequently repeated or customary action; +habitual performance; a succession of acts of a similar kind; usage; +habit; custom; as, the practice of rising early; the practice of making +regular entries of accounts; the practice of daily exercise. + + A heart . . . exercised with covetous practices. + + +2 Pet. ii. 14. + +2. Customary or constant use; state of being used. + + Obsolete words may be revived when they are more sounding or more + significant than those in practice. + + +Dryden. + +3. Skill or dexterity acquired by use; expertness. [R.] "His nice fence +and his active practice." Shak. + +4. Actual performance; application of knowledge; -- opposed to theory. + + There are two functions of the soul, -- contemplation and practice. + + +South. + + There is a distinction, but no opposition, between theory and + practice; each, to a certain extent, supposes the other; theory is + dependent on practice; practice must have preceded theory. + + +Sir W. Hamilton. + +5. Systematic exercise for instruction or discipline; as, the troops +are called out for practice; she neglected practice in music. + +6. Application of science to the wants of men; the exercise of any +profession; professional business; as, the practice of medicine or law; +a large or lucrative practice. + + Practice is exercise of an art, or the application of a science in + life, which application is itself an art. + + +Sir W. Hamilton. + +7. Skillful or artful management; dexterity in contrivance or the use +of means; art; stratagem; artifice; plot; -- usually in a bad sense. +[Obs.] Bacon. + + He sought to have that by practice which he could not by prayer. + + +Sir P. Sidney. + +8. (Math.) A easy and concise method of applying the rules of +arithmetic to questions which occur in trade and business. + +9. (Law) The form, manner, and order of conducting and carrying on +suits and prosecutions through their various stages, according to the +principles of law and the rules laid down by the courts. Bouvier. + +Syn. -- Custom; usage; habit; manner. + +Prac"tice (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Practiced (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Practicing (?).] [Often written practise, practised, practising.] 1. To +do or perform frequently, customarily, or habitually; to make a +practice of; as, to practice gaming. "Incline not my heart . . . +practice wicked works." Ps. cxli. 4. + +2. To exercise, or follow, as a profession, trade, art, etc., as, to +practice law or medicine. + +2. To exercise one's self in, for instruction or improvement, or to +acquire discipline or dexterity; as, to practice gunnery; to practice +music. + +4. To put into practice; to carry out; to act upon; to commit; to +execute; to do. "Aught but Talbot's shadow whereon to practice your +severity." Shak. + + As this advice ye practice or neglect. + + +Pope. + +5. To make use of; to employ. [Obs.] + + In malice to this good knight's wife, I practiced Ubaldo and + Ricardo to corrupt her. + + +Massinger. + +6. To teach or accustom by practice; to train. + + In church they are taught to love God; after church they are + practiced to love their neighbor. + + +Landor. + +Prac"tice, v. i. [Often written practise.] 1. To perform certain acts +frequently or customarily, either for instruction, profit, or +amusement; as, to practice with the broadsword or with the rifle; to +practice on the piano. + +2. To learn by practice; to form a habit. + + They shall practice how to live secure. + + +Milton. + + Practice first over yourself to reign. + + +Waller. + +3. To try artifices or stratagems. + + He will practice against thee by poison. + + +Shak. + +4. To apply theoretical science or knowledge, esp. by way of +experiment; to exercise or pursue an employment or profession, esp. +that of medicine or of law. + + [I am] little inclined to practice on others, and as little that + others should practice on me. + + +Sir W. Temple. + +Prac"ticed (?), a. [Often written practised.] 1. Experienced; expert; +skilled; as, a practiced marksman. "A practiced picklock." Ld. Lytton. + +2. Used habitually; learned by practice. + +Prac"ti*cer (?), n. [Often written practiser.] 1. One who practices, or +puts in practice; one who customarily performs certain acts. South. + +2. One who exercises a profession; a practitioner. + +3. One who uses art or stratagem. [Obs.] B. Jonson. + +Prac*ti"cian (?), n. [F. praticien, OF. also practicien.] One who is +acquainted with, or skilled in, anything by practice; a practitioner. + +Prac"tick (?), n. Practice. [Obs.] Chaucer. + +Prac"ti*sant (?), n. An agent or confederate in treachery. [Obs.] Shak. + +Prac"tise (?), v. t. & i. See Practice. + +The analogy of the English language requires that the noun and verb +which are pronounced alike should agree in spelling. Thus we have +notice (n. & v.), noticed, noticing, noticer; poultice (n. & v.); +apprentice (n. & v.); office (n. & v.), officer (n.); lattice (n.), +latticed (a.); benefice (n.), beneficed (a.), etc. Cf. sacrifice (&?;; +n. & v.), surmise (&?;; n. & v.), promise (&?;; n. & v.); compromise +(&?;; n. & v.), etc. Contrast advice (&?;; n.), and advise (&?;); +device (&?;), and devise (&?;), etc. + +Prac"ti*sour (?), n. A practitioner. [Obs.] + +Prac*ti"tion*er (?), n. [From Practician.] 1. One who is engaged in the +actual use or exercise of any art or profession, particularly that of +law or medicine. Crabbe. + +2. One who does anything customarily or habitually. + +3. A sly or artful person. Whitgift. + +General practitioner. See under General, 2. + +Prac"tive (?), a. Doing; active. [Obs.] Sylvester. -- Prac"tive*ly, +adv. [Obs.] + + The preacher and the people both, Then practively did thrive. + + +Warner. + +Prad (?), n. [Cf. D. paard.] A horse. [Colloq. Eng.] + +PrÊ- (?). A prefix. See Pre-. + +||PrÊ"ca`va (?), n. [NL. See Pre-, and 1st Cave.] (Anat.) The superior +||vena cava. -- PrÊ"ca`val (#), a. B. G. Wilder. + +PrÊc"i*pe (?), n. [L., imperative of praecipere to give rules or +precepts. See Precept.] (Law) (a) A writ commanding something to be +done, or requiring a reason for neglecting it. (b) A paper containing +the particulars of a writ, lodged in the office out of which the writ +is to be issued. Wharton. + +||PrÊ"co*ces (?), n. pl. [NL. See Precocious.] (Zoˆl.) A division of +||birds including those whose young are able to run about when first +||hatched. + +PrÊ*co"cial (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Of or pertaining to the PrÊcoces. + +||PrÊ*cog"ni*ta (?), n. pl. [L. praecognitus, p. p. of praecognoscere +||to foreknow. See Pre-, and Cognition.] This previously known, or +||which should be known in order to understand something else. + +PrÊ*com"mis*sure (?), n. [Pref. prÊ + commissure.] (Anat.) A transverse +commissure in the anterior part of the third ventricle of the brain; +the anterior cerebral commissure. + +PrÊ*cor"a*coid (?), n. (Anat.) See Precoracoid. + +||PrÊ*cor"di*a (?), n. [L., fr. prae before + cor, cordis, the heart.] +||(Anat.) The front part of the thoracic region; the epigastrium. + +PrÊ*cor"di*al (?), a. (Anat.) Same as Precordial. + +||PrÊ*cor"nu (?), n.; pl. PrÊcornua (#). [NL. See Pre-, and Cornu.] +||(Anat.) The anterior horn of each lateral ventricle of the brain. B. +||G. Wilder. + +PrÊ"di*al (?), a. See Predial. + +PrÊ`flo*ra"tion (?), n. Same as Prefloration. Gray. + +<! p. 1124 !> + +PrÊ*fo`li*a"tion (?), n. Same as Prefoliation. Gray. + +PrÊ`max*il"la (?), n. See Premaxilla. + +PrÊ*mo"lar (?), a. See Premolar. + +PrÊ*morse" (?), a. Same as Premorse. + +||PrÊm`u*ni"re (?), n. [Corrupted from L. praemonere to forewarn, cite. +||See Admonish.] (Eng. Law) (a) The offense of introducing foreign +||authority into England, the penalties for which were originally +||intended to depress the civil power of the pope in the kingdom. (b) +||The writ grounded on that offense. Wharton. (c) The penalty ascribed +||for the offense of prÊmunire. + + Wolsey incurred a prÊmunire, and forfeited his honor, estate, and + life. + + +South. + +The penalties of prÊmunire were subsequently applied to many other +offenses; but prosecutions upon a prÊmunire are at this day unheard of +in the English courts. Blackstone. + +PrÊm`u*ni"re, v. t. 1. To subject to the penalties of prÊmunire. [Obs.] +T. Ward. + +PrÊ*mu"ni*to*ry (?), a. See Premunitory. + +||PrÊ*na"res (?), n. pl. [NL. See Pre-, Nares.] (Anat.) The anterior +||nares. See Nares. B. G. Wilder. + +PrÊ*na"sal (?), a. (Anat.) Same as Prenasal. + +PrÊ*no"men (?), n.; pl. PrÊnomina (#). [L., fr. prae before + nomen +name.] (Rom. Antiq.) The first name of a person, by which individuals +of the same family were distinguished, answering to our Christian name, +as Caius, Lucius, Marcus, etc. + +PrÊ`no*min"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to a prÊnomen. [Obs.] M. A. +Lower. + +PrÊ`o*per"cu*lum, n. [NL.] (Anat.) Same as Preoperculum. -- +PrÊ`o*per"cu*lar, a. + +PrÊ*o"ral, n., PrÊ*pu"bis, n., PrÊ*scap"u*la, n., PrÊ*scu"tum, n., +PrÊ*ster"num, n. Same as Preoral, Prepubis, Prescapula, etc. + +PrÊ"ter- (?). A prefix. See Preter- . + +PrÊt"er*ist (?), n. (Theol.) See Preterist. + +PrÊ`ter*mit" (?), v. t. See Pretermit. + +PrÊ*tex"ta (?), n.; pl. PrÊtextÊ (#), E. PrÊtextas (#). [L. (sc. toga), +fr. praetextus, p. p. of praetexere to weave before, to fringe, border; +prae before + texere to weave.] (Rom. Antiq.) A white robe with a +purple border, worn by a Roman boy before he was entitled to wear the +toga virilis, or until about the completion of his fourteenth year, and +by girls until their marriage. It was also worn by magistrates and +priests. + +PrÊ"tor (?), n. See Pretor. + +||PrÊ*to"res (?), n. pl. [NL. See Pretor.] (Zoˆl.) A division of +||butterflies including the satyrs. + +PrÊ*to"ri*an (?), a. See Pretorian. + +PrÊ*to"ri*um (?), n. See Pretorium. + +||PrÊ*zyg`a*poph"y*sis (?), n. (Anat.) Same as Prezygapophysis. + +{ Prag*mat"ic (?), Prag*mat"ic*al (?), } a. [L. pragmaticus busy, +active, skilled in business, especially in law and state affairs, +systematic, Gr. &?;, fr. &?; a thing done, business, fr. &?; to do: cf. +F. pragmatique. See Practical.] 1. Of or pertaining to business or to +affairs; of the nature of business; practical; material; businesslike +in habit or manner. + + The next day . . . I began to be very pragmatical. + + +Evelyn. + + We can not always be contemplative, diligent, or pragmatical, + abroad; but have need of some delightful intermissions. + + +Milton. + + Low, pragmatical, earthly views of the gospel. + + +Hare. + +2. Busy; specifically, busy in an objectionable way; officious; fussy +and positive; meddlesome. "Pragmatical officers of justice." Sir W. +Scott. + + The fellow grew so pragmatical that he took upon him the government + of my whole family. + + +Arbuthnot. + +3. Philosophical; dealing with causes, reasons, and effects, rather +than with details and circumstances; -- said of literature. "Pragmatic +history." Sir W. Hamilton. "Pragmatic poetry." M. Arnold. + +Pragmatic sanction, a solemn ordinance or decree issued by the head or +legislature of a state upon weighty matters; -- a term derived from the +Byzantine empire. In European history, two decrees under this name are +particularly celebrated. One of these, issued by Charles VII. of +France, A. D. 1438, was the foundation of the liberties of the Gallican +church; the other, issued by Charles VI. of Germany, A. D. 1724, +settled his hereditary dominions on his eldest daughter, the +Archduchess Maria Theresa. + +Prag*mat"ic, n. 1. One skilled in affairs. + + My attorney and solicitor too; a fine pragmatic. + + +B. Jonson. + +2. A solemn public ordinance or decree. + + A royal pragmatic was accordingly passed. + + +Prescott. + +Prag*mat"ic*al*ly (?), adv. In a pragmatical manner. + +Prag*mat"ic*al*ness, n. The quality or state of being pragmatical. + +Prag"ma*tism (?), n. The quality or state of being pragmatic; in +literature, the pragmatic, or philosophical, method. + + The narration of this apparently trifling circumstance belongs to + the pragmatism of the history. + + +A. Murphy. + +Prag"ma*tist (?), n. One who is pragmatic. + +Prag"ma*tize (?), v. t. To consider, represent, or embody (something +unreal) as fact; to materialize. [R.] "A pragmatized metaphor." Tylor. + +||Prai`ri`al" (?), n. [F., fr. prairie meadow.] The ninth month of the +||French Republican calendar, which dated from September 22, 1792. It +||began May, 20, and ended June 18. See Vendemiaire. + +Prai"rie (?), n. [F., an extensive meadow, OF. praerie, LL. prataria, +fr. L. pratum a meadow.] 1. An extensive tract of level or rolling +land, destitute of trees, covered with coarse grass, and usually +characterized by a deep, fertile soil. They abound throughout the +Mississippi valley, between the Alleghanies and the Rocky mountains. + + From the forests and the prairies, From the great lakes of the + northland. + + +Longfellow. + +2. A meadow or tract of grass; especially, a so called natural meadow. + +Prairie chicken (Zoˆl.), any American grouse of the genus Tympanuchus, +especially T. Americanus (formerly T. cupido), which inhabits the +prairies of the central United States. Applied also to the sharp- +tailed grouse. -- Prairie clover (Bot.), any plant of the leguminous +genus Petalostemon, having small rosy or white flowers in dense +terminal heads or spikes. Several species occur in the prairies of the +United States. -- Prairie dock (Bot.), a coarse composite plant +(Silphium terebinthaceum) with large rough leaves and yellow flowers, +found in the Western prairies. -- Prairie dog (Zoˆl.), a small American +rodent (Cynomys Ludovicianus) allied to the marmots. It inhabits the +plains west of the Mississippi. The prairie dogs burrow in the ground +in large warrens, and have a sharp bark like that of a dog. Called also +prairie marmot. -- Prairie grouse. Same as Prairie chicken, above. -- +Prairie hare (Zoˆl.), a large long-eared Western hare (Lepus +campestris). See Jack rabbit, under 2d Jack. -- Prairie hawk, Prairie +falcon (Zoˆl.), a falcon of Western North America (Falco Mexicanus). +The upper parts are brown. The tail has transverse bands of white; the +under parts, longitudinal streaks and spots of brown. -- Prairie hen. +(Zoˆl.) Same as Prairie chicken, above. -- Prairie itch (Med.), an +affection of the skin attended with intense itching, which is observed +in the Northern and Western United States; -- also called swamp itch, +winter itch. -- Prairie marmot. (Zoˆl.) Same as Prairie dog, above. -- +Prairie mole (Zoˆl.), a large American mole (Scalops argentatus), +native of the Western prairies. -- Prairie pigeon, plover, or snipe +(Zoˆl.), the upland plover. See Plover, n., 2. -- Prairie rattlesnake +(Zoˆl.), the massasauga. -- Prairie snake (Zoˆl.), a large harmless +American snake (Masticophis flavigularis). It is pale yellow, tinged +with brown above. -- Prairie squirrel (Zoˆl.), any American ground +squirrel of the genus Spermophilus, inhabiting prairies; -- called also +gopher. -- Prairie turnip (Bot.), the edible turnip-shaped farinaceous +root of a leguminous plant (Psoralea esculenta) of the Upper Missouri +region; also, the plant itself. Called also pomme blanche, and pomme de +prairie. -- Prairie warbler (Zoˆl.), a bright-colored American warbler +(Dendroica discolor). The back is olive yellow, with a group of reddish +spots in the middle; the under parts and the parts around the eyes are +bright yellow; the sides of the throat and spots along the sides, +black; three outer tail feathers partly white. -- Prairie wolf. (Zoˆl.) +See Coyote. + +Prais"a*ble (?), a. Fit to be praised; praise-worthy; laudable; +commendable. Wyclif (2 Tim. ii. 15). + +Prais"a*bly, adv. In a praisable manner. + +Praise (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Praised (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Praising.] +[OE. preisen, OF. preisier, prisier, F. priser, L. pretiare to prize, +fr. pretium price. See Price, n., and cf. Appreciate, Praise, n., +Prize, v.] 1. To commend; to applaud; to express approbation of; to +laud; -- applied to a person or his acts. "I praise well thy wit." +Chaucer. + + Let her own works praise her in the gates. + + +Prov. xxxi. 31. + + We praise not Hector, though his name, we know, Is great in arms; + 't is hard to praise a foe. + + +Dryden. + +2. To extol in words or song; to magnify; to glorify on account of +perfections or excellent works; to do honor to; to display the +excellence of; -- applied especially to the Divine Being. + + Praise ye him, all his angels; praise ye him, all his hosts! + + +Ps. cxlviii. 2. + +3. To value; to appraise. [Obs.] Piers Plowman. + +Syn. -- To commend; laud; eulogize; celebrate; glorify; magnify. -- To +Praise, Applaud, Extol. To praise is to set at high price; to applaud +is to greet with clapping; to extol is to bear aloft, to exalt. We may +praise in the exercise of calm judgment; we usually applaud from +impulse, and on account of some specific act; we extol under the +influence of high admiration, and usually in strong, if not +extravagant, language. + +Praise, n. [OE. preis, OF. preis price, worth, value, estimation. See +Praise, v., Price.] 1. Commendation for worth; approval expressed; +honor rendered because of excellence or worth; laudation; approbation. + + There are men who always confound the praise of goodness with the + practice. + + +Rambler. + +Praise may be expressed by an individual, and thus differs from fame, +renown, and celebrity, which are always the expression of the +approbation of numbers, or public commendation. + +2. Especially, the joyful tribute of gratitude or homage rendered to +the Divine Being; the act of glorifying or extolling the Creator; +worship, particularly worship by song, distinction from prayer and +other acts of worship; as, a service of praise. + +3. The object, ground, or reason of praise. + + He is thy praise, and he is thy God. + + +Deut. x.&?;&?;. + +Syn. -- Encomium; honor; eulogy; panegyric; plaudit; applause; acclaim; +eclat; commendation; laudation. + +Praise"ful (?), a. Praiseworthy. [Obs.] + +Praise"ful (?), a. Praiseworthy. [Obs.] + +Praise"less, a. Without praise or approbation. + +Praise"-meet`*ing (?), n. A religious service mainly in song. [Local, +U. S.] + +Praise"ment (?), n. Appraisement. [Obs.] + +Prais"er (?), n. 1. One who praises. "Praisers of men." Sir P. Sidney. + +2. An appraiser; a valuator. [Obs.] Sir T. North. + +Praise"wor`thi*ly (?), adv. In a praiseworthy manner. Spenser. + +Praise"wor`thi*ness, n. The quality or state of being praiseworthy. + +Praise"wor`thy (?), a. Worthy of praise or applause; commendable; as, +praiseworthy action; he was praiseworthy. Arbuthnot. + +Pra"krit (?), n. [Skr. prkta original, natural, usual, common, vulgar.] +Any one of the popular dialects descended from, or akin to, Sanskrit; +-- in distinction from the Sanskrit, which was used as a literary and +learned language when no longer spoken by the people. Pali is one of +the Prakrit dialects. + +Pra*krit"ic (?), a. Pertaining to Prakrit. + +{ Pram (?), Prame (?) }, n. (Naut.) See Praam. + +Prance (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Pranced (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Prancing +(?).] [OE. prauncen; probably akin to prank, v. t. See Prank.] 1. To +spring or bound, as a horse in high mettle. + + Now rule thy prancing steed. + + +Gay. + +2. To ride on a prancing horse; to ride in an ostentatious manner. + + The insulting tyrant prancing o'er the field. + + +Addison. + +3. To walk or strut about in a pompous, showy manner, or with warlike +parade. Swift. + +Pran"cer (?), n. A horse which prances. + + Then came the captain . . . upon a brave prancer. + + +Evelyn. + +Pran"di*al (?), a. [L. prandium a repast.] Of or pertaining to a +repast, especially to dinner. + +||Pran"gos (?), n. [From the native name in Afghanistan.] (Bot.) A +||genus of umbelliferous plants, one species of which (P. pabularia), +||found in Thibet, Cashmere, Afghanistan, etc., has been used as fodder +||for cattle. It has decompound leaves with very long narrow divisions, +||and a highly fragrant smell resembling that of new clover hay. + +Prank (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pranked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pranking.] +[Cf. E. prink, also G. prangen, prunken, to shine, to make a show, Dan. +prange, prunke, Sw. prunka, D. pronken.] To adorn in a showy manner; to +dress or equip ostentatiously; -- often followed by up; as, to prank up +the body. See Prink. + + In sumptuous tire she joyed herself to prank. + + +Spenser. + +Prank, v. i. To make ostentatious show. + + White houses prank where once were huts. + + +M. Arnold. + +Prank, n. A gay or sportive action; a ludicrous, merry, or mischievous +trick; a caper; a frolic. Spenser. + + The harpies . . . played their accustomed pranks. + + +Sir W. Raleigh. + + His pranks have been too broad to bear with. + + +Shak. + +Prank, a. Full of gambols or tricks. [Obs.] + +Prank"er (?), n. One who dresses showily; a prinker. "A pranker or a +dancer." Burton. + +Prank"ish, a. Full of pranks; frolicsome. + +Prase (?), n. [L. prasius, fr. Gr. &?; of a leek-green, fr. Gr. &?; a +leek: cf. F. prase.] (Min.) A variety of cryptocrystalline of a +leek-green color. + +Pra"se*o- (?). [Gr. &?; leek-green, green, fr. &?; a leek.] A combining +form signifying green; as, praseocobalt, a green variety of cobalt. + +Pra`se*o*dym"i*um (?), n. [Praseo- + didymium.] (Chem.) An elementary +substance, one of the constituents of didymium; -- so called from the +green color of its salts. Symbol Ps. Atomic weight 143.6. + +Pra"se*o*lite (?), n. [Praseo- + -lite.] (Min.) A variety of altered +iolite of a green color and greasy luster. + +Pras"i*nous (?), a. [L. prasinus, Gr. &?;, fr. &?; a leek.] +Grass-green; clear, lively green, without any mixture. Lindley. + +Pra"soid (?), a. [Gr. &?; leek + - oid.] (Min.) Resembling prase. + +Prate (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Prated; p. pr. & vb. n. Prating.] [Akin +to LG. & D. praten, Dan. prate, Sw. & Icel. prata.] To talk much and to +little purpose; to be loquacious; to speak foolishly; to babble. + + To prate and talk for life and honor. + + +Shak. + + And make a fool presume to prate of love. + + +Dryden. + +Prate, v. t. To utter foolishly; to speak without reason or purpose; to +chatter, or babble. + + What nonsense would the fool, thy master, prate, When thou, his + knave, canst talk at such a rate ! + + +Dryden. + +Prate, n. [Akin to LG. & D. praat, Sw. prat.] Talk to little purpose; +trifling talk; unmeaning loquacity. + + Sick of tops, and poetry, and prate. + + +Pope. + +Prate"ful (?), a. Talkative. [R.] W. Taylor. + +Prat"er (?), n. One who prates. Shak. + +Prat"ic (?), n. See Pratique. + +Pra"tin*cole (?), n. (Zoˆl.) Any bird of the Old World genus Glareola, +or family GlareolidÊ, allied to the plovers. They have long, pointed +wings and a forked tail. + +Prat"ing*ly (?), adv. With idle talk; with loquacity. + +Prat"ique (?), n. [F.; cf. It. pratica, Sp. practica. See Practice.] 1. +(Com.) Primarily, liberty of converse; intercourse; hence, a +certificate, given after compliance with quarantine regulations, +permitting a ship to land passengers and crew; -- a term used +particularly in the south of Europe. + +<! p. 1125 !> + +2. Practice; habits. [Obs.] "One of English education and pratique." R. +North. + +Prat"tle (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Prattled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Prattling (?).] [Freq. of prate.] To talk much and idly; to prate; +hence, to talk lightly and artlessly, like a child; to utter child's +talk. + +Prat"tle, v. t. To utter as prattle; to babble; as, to prattle treason. +Addison. + +Prat"tle, n. Trifling or childish tattle; empty talk; loquacity on +trivial subjects; prate; babble. + + Mere prattle, without practice. + + +Shak. + +Prat"tle*ment (?), n. Prattle. [R.] Jeffrey. + +Prat"tler (?), n. One who prattles. Herbert. + +Prav"i*ty (?), n. [L. pravitas, from pravus crooked, perverse.] +Deterioration; degeneracy; corruption; especially, moral crookedness; +moral perversion; perverseness; depravity; as, the pravity of human +nature. "The pravity of the will." South. + +Prawn (?), n. [OE. prane, of unknown origin; cf. L. perna a sea +mussel.] (Zoˆl.) Any one of numerous species of large shrimplike +Crustacea having slender legs and long antennÊ. They mostly belong to +the genera Pandalus, PalÊmon, PalÊmonetes, and Peneus, and are much +used as food. The common English prawn is PalÊmon serratus. + +The name is often applied to any large shrimp. + +Prax*in"o*scope (?), n. [Gr. &?; action + -scope.] (Opt.) An +instrument, similar to the phenakistoscope, for presenting to view, or +projecting upon a screen, images the natural motions of real objects. + +Prax"is (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to do. See Practice.] 1. +Use; practice; especially, exercise or discipline for a specific +purpose or object. "The praxis and theory of music." Wood. + +2. An example or form of exercise, or a collection of such examples, +for practice. + +Pray (?), n. & v. See Pry. [Obs.] Spenser. + +Pray (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Prayed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Praying.] +[OE. preien, OF. preier, F. prier, L. precari, fr. prex, precis, a +prayer, a request; akin to Skr. prach to ask, AS. frignan, frnan, +fricgan, G. fragen, Goth. fraÌhnan. Cf. Deprecate, Imprecate, +Precarious.] To make request with earnestness or zeal, as for something +desired; to make entreaty or supplication; to offer prayer to a deity +or divine being as a religious act; specifically, to address the +Supreme Being with adoration, confession, supplication, and +thanksgiving. + + And to his goddess pitously he preyde. + + +Chaucer. + + When thou prayest, enter into thy closet, and when thou hast shut + thy door, pray to thy Father which is in secret; and thy Father + which seeth in secret shall reward thee openly. + + +Matt. vi. 6. + +I pray, or (by ellipsis) Pray, I beg; I request; I entreat you; -- used +in asking a question, making a request, introducing a petition, etc.; +as, Pray, allow me to go. + + I pray, sir. why am I beaten? + + +Shak. + +Syn. -- To entreat; supplicate; beg; implore; invoke; beseech; +petition. + +Pray, v. t. 1. To address earnest request to; to supplicate; to +entreat; to implore; to beseech. + + And as this earl was preyed, so did he. + + +Chaucer. + + We pray you . . . by ye reconciled to God. + + +2 Cor. v. 20. + +2. To ask earnestly for; to seek to obtain by supplication; to entreat +for. + + I know not how to pray your patience. + + +Shak. + +3. To effect or accomplish by praying; as, to pray a soul out of +purgatory. Milman. + +To pray in aid. (Law) (a) To call in as a helper one who has an +interest in the cause. Bacon. (b) A phrase often used to signify +claiming the benefit of an argument. See under Aid. Mozley & W. + +Pray"er (?), n. One who prays; a supplicant. + +Prayer (&?;; 277), n. [OE. preiere, OF. preiere, F. priËre, fr. L. +precarius obtained by prayer, fr. precari to pray. See Pray, v. i.] 1. +The act of praying, or of asking a favor; earnest request or entreaty; +hence, a petition or memorial addressed to a court or a legislative +body. "Their meek preyere." Chaucer + +2. The act of addressing supplication to a divinity, especially to the +true God; the offering of adoration, confession, supplication, and +thanksgiving to the Supreme Being; as, public prayer; secret prayer. + + As he is famed for mildness, peace, and prayer. + + +Shak. + +3. The form of words used in praying; a formula of supplication; an +expressed petition; especially, a supplication addressed to God; as, a +written or extemporaneous prayer; to repeat one's prayers. + + He made those excellent prayers which were published immediately + after his death. + + +Bp. Fell. + +Prayer book, a book containing devotional prayers. -- Prayer meeting, a +meeting or gathering for prayer to God. + +Syn. -- Petition; orison; supplication; entreaty; suit. + +Prayer"ful (?), a. Given to prayer; praying much or often; devotional. +"The prayerful man." J. S. Blackie. -- Prayer"ful*ly, adv. -- +Prayer"ful*ness, n. + +Prayer"less (?; 277), a. Not using prayer; habitually neglecting prayer +to God; without prayer. "The next time you go prayerless to bed." +Baxter. + +-- Prayer"less*ly, adv. -- Prayer"less*ness, n. + +Pray"ing (?), a. & n. from Pray, v. + +Praying insect, locust, or mantis (Zoˆl.), a mantis, especially Mantis +religiosa. See Mantis. -- Praying machine, or Praying wheel, a wheel on +which prayers are pasted by Buddhist priests, who then put the wheel in +rapid revolution. Each turn in supposed to have the efficacy of an oral +repetition of all the prayers on the wheel. Sometimes it is moved by a +stream. + +Pray"ing*ly, adv. With supplication to God. + +Pre- (?). [L. prae, adv. & prep., before, akin to pro, and to E. for, +prep.: cf. F. prÈ-. See Pro-, and cf. Prior.] A prefix denoting +priority (of time, place, or rank); as, precede, to go before; +precursor, a forerunner; prefix, to fix or place before; preÎminent +eminent before or above others. Pre- is sometimes used intensively, as +in prepotent, very potent. [Written also prÊ-.] + +Pre*ac`cu*sa"tion (?), n. Previous accusation. + +Preace (?), v. & n. Press. [Obs.] Spenser. + +Preach (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Preached (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Preaching.] [OE. prechen, OF. preechier, F. prÍcher, fr. L. praedicare +to cry in public, to proclaim; prae before + dicare to make known, +dicere to say; or perhaps from (assumed) LL. praedictare. See Diction, +and cf. Predicate, Predict.] 1. To proclaim or publish tidings; +specifically, to proclaim the gospel; to discourse publicly on a +religious subject, or from a text of Scripture; to deliver a sermon. + + How shall they preach, except they be sent? + + +Rom. x. 15. + + From that time Jesus began to preach. + + +Matt. iv. 17. + +2. To give serious advice on morals or religion; to discourse in the +manner of a preacher. + +Preach, v. t. 1. To proclaim by public discourse; to utter in a sermon +or a formal religious harangue. + + That Cristes gospel truly wolde preche. + + +Chaucer. + + The Lord hath anointed me to preach good tidings unto the meek. + + +Isa. lxi. 1. + +2. To inculcate in public discourse; to urge with earnestness by public +teaching. "I have preached righteousness in the great congregation." +Ps. xl. 9. + +3. To deliver or pronounce; as, to preach a sermon. + +4. To teach or instruct by preaching; to inform by preaching. [R.] "As +ye are preached." Southey. + +5. To advise or recommend earnestly. + + My master preaches patience to him. + + +Shak. + +To preach down, to oppress, or humiliate by preaching. Tennyson. -- To +preach up, to exalt by preaching; to preach in support of; as, to +preach up equality. + +Preach, n. [Cf. F. prÍche, fr. prÍcher. See Preach, v.] A religious +discourse. [Obs.] Hooker. + +Preach"er (?), n. [Cf. OF. preeschierre, prescheur, F. prÍcheur, L. +praedicator.] 1. One who preaches; one who discourses publicly on +religious subjects. + + How shall they hear without a preacher? + + +Rom. x. 14. + +2. One who inculcates anything with earnestness. + + No preacher is listened to but Time. + + +Swift. + +Preacher bird (Zoˆl.), a toucan. + +Preach"er*ship, n. The office of a preacher. "The preachership of the +Rolls." Macaulay. + +Preach"i*fy (?), v. i. [Preach + -fy.] To discourse in the manner of a +preacher. [Colloq.] Thackeray. + +Preach"ing, n. The act of delivering a religious discourse; the art of +sermonizing; also, a sermon; a public religious discourse; serious, +earnest advice. Milner. + +Preaching cross, a cross, sometimes surmounting a pulpit, erected out +of doors to designate a preaching place. -- Preaching friars. See +Dominican. + +Preach"man (?), n.; pl. Preachmen (&?;). A preacher; -- so called in +contempt. [Obs.] Howell. + +Preach"ment (?), n. A religious harangue; a sermon; -- used +derogatively. Shak. + +Pre`ac*quaint" (?), v. t. To acquaint previously or beforehand. +Fielding. + +Pre`ac*quaint"ance (?), n. Previous acquaintance or knowledge. Harris. + +Pre*act" (?), v. t. To act beforehand; to perform previously. + +Pre*ac"tion (?), n. Previous action. + +Pre`a*dam"ic (?), a. Prior to Adam. + +Pre*ad"am*ite (?), n. [Cf. F. prÈadamite.] 1. An inhabitant of the +earth before Adam. + +2. One who holds that men existed before Adam. + +Pre*ad`am*it"ic (?), a. Existing or occurring before Adam; preadamic; +as, preadamitic periods. + +Pre`ad*just"ment (?), n. Previous adjustment. + +Pre`ad*min`is*tra"tion (?), n. Previous administration. Bp. Pearson. + +Pre`ad*mon"ish, v. t. To admonish previously. + +Pre*ad`mo*ni"tion (?), n. Previous warning or admonition; forewarning. + +Pre*ad`ver*tise" (?), v. t. To advertise beforehand; to preannounce +publicly. + +Pre"am`ble (?), n. [LL. praeambulum, from L. praeambulus walking +before, fr. praeambulare to walk before; prae before + ambulare to +walk: cf. F. prÈambule. See Amble.] A introductory portion; an +introduction or preface, as to a book, document, etc.; specifically, +the introductory part of a statute, which states the reasons and intent +of the law. + +Pre"am`ble, v. t. & i. To make a preamble to; to preface; to serve as a +preamble. [R.] Feltham. Milton. + +Pre*am"bu*la*ry (?), a. [Cf. OF. preambulaire.] Of or pertaining to a +preamble; introductory; contained or provided for in a preamble. "A +preambulary tax." [R.] Burke. + +Pre*am"bu*late (?), v. i. [L. praeambulare. See Preamble.] To walk +before. [R.] Jordan. + +Pre*am`bu*la"tion (?), n. 1. A walking or going before; precedence. +[R.] + +2. A preamble. [Obs.] Chaucer. + +Pre*am"bu*la*to*ry (?), a. Preceding; going before; introductory. [R.] + + Simon Magus had preambulatory impieties. + + +Jer. Taylor. + +Pre*am"bu*lous (?), a. [See Preamble, n.] See Perambulatory. [R.] Sir +T. Browne. + +Pre`an*nounce" (?), v. t. To announce beforehand. Coleridge. + +Pre*an`te*nul"ti*mate (?), a. Being or indicating the fourth syllable +from the end of a word, or that before the antepenult. + +Pre`a*or"tic (?), a. (Anat.) In front, or on the ventral side, of the +aorta. + +Pre`ap*point" (?), v. t. To appoint previously, or beforehand. Carlyle. + +Pre`ap*point"ment (?), n. Previous appointment. + +Pre*ap`pre*hen"sion (?), n. An apprehension or opinion formed before +examination or knowledge. [R.] Sir T. Browne. + +Pre*arm" (?), v. t. To forearm. [R.] + +Pre`ar*range" (?), v. t. To arrange beforehand. + +Prease (?), v. t. & i. To press; to crowd. [Obs.] -- n. A press; a +crowd. [Obs.] Spenser. + +Pre`as*sur"ance (?), n. Previous assurance. Coleridge. + +Pre`a*tax"ic (?), a. (Med.) Occurring before the symptom ataxia has +developed; -- applied to the early symptoms of locomotor ataxia. + +Pre*au"di*ence (?), n. (Eng. Law) Precedence of rank at the bar among +lawyers. Blackstone. + +Pre*ax"i*al (?), a. (Anat.) Situated in front of any transverse axis in +the body of an animal; anterior; cephalic; esp., in front, or on the +anterior, or cephalic (that is, radial or tibial) side of the axis of a +limb. + +Preb"end (prb"nd), n. [F. prÈbende (cf. It. & Sp. prebenda), from L. +praebenda, from L. praebere to hold forth, afford, contr. fr. +praehibere; prae before + habere to have, hold. See Habit, and cf. +Provender.] 1. A payment or stipend; esp., the stipend or maintenance +granted to a prebendary out of the estate of a cathedral or collegiate +church with which he is connected. See Note under Benefice. + +2. A prebendary. [Obs.] Bacon. + +Dignitary prebend, one having jurisdiction annexed to it. -- Simple +prebend, one without jurisdiction. + +Pre*ben"dal (pr*bn"dal), a. Of or pertaining to a prebend; holding a +prebend; as, a prebendal priest or stall. Chesterfield. + +Preb"en*da*ry (prb"n*d*r), n. [LL. praebendarius: cf. F. prÈbendaire. +See Prebend.] 1. A clergyman attached to a collegiate or cathedral +church who enjoys a prebend in consideration of his officiating at +stated times in the church. See Note under Benefice, n., 3. Hook. + +2. A prebendaryship. [Obs.] Bailey. + +Preb"en*da*ry*ship, n. The office of a prebendary. + +Preb"en*date (?), v. t. [LL. praebendatus, p. p. of praebendari.] To +invest with the office of prebendary; to present to a prebend. [Obs.] +Grafton. + +Preb"end*ship (?), n. A prebendaryship. [Obs.] Foxe. + +Pre*bron"chi*al (?), a. (Anat.) Situated in front of the bronchus; -- +applied especially to an air sac on either side of the esophagus of +birds. + +Pre*cal"cu*late (?), v. t. To calculate or determine beforehand; to +prearrange. Masson. + +Pre"cant (?), n. [L. precans, -antis, p. pr. of precari to pray.] One +who prays. [R.] Coleridge. + +Pre*ca"ri*ous (?), a. [L. precarius obtained by begging or prayer, +depending on request or on the will of another, fr. precari to pray, +beg. See Pray.] 1. Depending on the will or pleasure of another; held +by courtesy; liable to be changed or lost at the pleasure of another; +as, precarious privileges. Addison. + +2. Held by a doubtful tenure; depending on unknown causes or events; +exposed to constant risk; not to be depended on for certainty or +stability; uncertain; as, a precarious state of health; precarious +fortunes. "Intervals of partial and precarious liberty." Macaulay. + +Syn. -- Uncertain; unsettled; unsteady; doubtful; dubious; equivocal. +-- Precarious, Uncertain. Precarious in stronger than uncertain. +Derived originally from the Latin precari, it first signified "granted +to entreaty," and, hence, "wholly dependent on the will of another." +Thus it came to express the highest species of uncertainty, and is +applied to such things as depend wholly on future casualties. + +-- Pre*ca"ri*ous*ly, adv. -- Pre*ca"ri*ous*ness, n. + +Pre*ca"tion (?), n. [L. precatio.] The act of praying; supplication; +entreaty. Cotton. + +{ Prec"a*tive (?), Prec"a*to*ry (?), } a. [L. precativus, precatorius, +fr. precari to pray. See Precarious.] Suppliant; beseeching. Bp. +Hopkins. + +Precatory words (Law), words of recommendation, request, entreaty, +wish, or expectation, employed in wills, as distinguished from express +directions; -- in some cases creating a trust. Jarman. + +Pre*cau"tion (?), n. [F. prÈcation, L. praecautio, fr. praecavere, +praecautum, to guard against beforehand; prae before + cavere be on +one's guard. See Pre-, and Caution.] 1. Previous caution or care; +caution previously employed to prevent mischief or secure good; as, his +life was saved by precaution. + + They [ancient philosophers] treasured up their supposed discoveries + with miserable precaution. + + +J. H. Newman. + +2. A measure taken beforehand to ward off evil or secure good or +success; a precautionary act; as, to take precautions against accident. + +Pre*cau"tion, v. t. [Cf. F. prÈcautionner.] 1. To warn or caution +beforehand. Locke. + +<! p. 1126 !> + +2. To take precaution against. [R.] Dryden. + +Pre*cau"tion*al (?), a. Precautionary. + +Pre*cau"tion*a*ry (?), a. Of or pertaining to precaution, or +precautions; as, precautionary signals. + +Pre*cau"tious (?), a. Taking or using precaution; precautionary. -- +Pre*cau"tious*ly, adv. -- Pre*cau"*tious*ness, n. + +Pre`ce*da"ne*ous (?), a. Preceding; antecedent; previous. [Obs.] +Hammond. + +Pre*cede" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Preceded; p. pr. & vb. n. +Preceding.] [L. praecedere, praecessum; prae before + cedere to go, to +be in motion: cf. F. prÈceder. See Pre-, and Cede.] 1. To go before in +order of time; to occur first with relation to anything. "Harm precedes +not sin." Milton. + +2. To go before in place, rank, or importance. + +3. To cause to be preceded; to preface; to introduce; -- used with by +or with before the instrumental object. [R.] + + It is usual to precede hostilities by a public declaration. + + +Kent. + +{ Pre*ced"ence (?), Pre*ced"en*cy (?), } n. [Cf. F. prÈcÈdence. See +Precede.] 1. The act or state of preceding or going before in order of +time; priority; as, one event has precedence of another. + +2. The act or state of going or being before in rank or dignity, or the +place of honor; right to a more honorable place; superior rank; as, +barons have precedence of commoners. + + Which of them [the different desires] has the precedency in + determining the will to the next action? + + +Locke. + +Syn. -- Antecedence; priority; preÎminence; preference; superiority. + +Pre*ced"ent (?), a. [L. praecedens, -entis, p. pr. of praecedere: cf. +F. prÈcÈdent. See Precede.] Going before; anterior; preceding; +antecedent; as, precedent services. Shak. "A precedent injury." Bacon. + +Condition precedent (Law), a condition which precede the vesting of an +estate, or the accruing of a right. + +Prec"e*dent (?), n. 1. Something done or said that may serve as an +example to authorize a subsequent act of the same kind; an +authoritative example. + + Examples for cases can but direct as precedents only. + + +Hooker. + +2. A preceding circumstance or condition; an antecedent; hence, a +prognostic; a token; a sign. [Obs.] + +3. A rough draught of a writing which precedes a finished copy. [Obs.] +Shak. + +4. (Law) A judicial decision which serves as a rule for future +determinations in similar or analogous cases; an authority to be +followed in courts of justice; forms of proceeding to be followed in +similar cases. Wharton. + +Syn. -- Example; antecedent. -- Precedent, Example. An example in a +similar case which may serve as a rule or guide, but has no authority +out of itself. A precedent is something which comes down to us from the +past with the sanction of usage and of common consent. We quote +examples in literature, and precedents in law. + +Prec"e*dent*ed, a. Having a precedent; authorized or sanctioned by an +example of a like kind. Walpole. + +Prec`e*den"tial (?), a. Of the nature of a precedent; having force as +an example for imitation; as, precedential transactions. + + All their actions in that time are not precedential to warrant + posterity. + + +Fuller. + +Pre*ced"ent*ly (?), adv. Beforehand; antecedently. + +Pre*ced"ing, a. 1. Going before; -- opposed to following. + +2. (Astron.) In the direction toward which stars appear to move. See +Following, 2. + +Pre*cel" (?), v. t. & i. [See Precellence.] To surpass; to excel; to +exceed. [Obs.] Howell. + +{ Pre*cel"lence (?), Pre*cel"len*cy (?), } n. [L. praecellentia, from +praecellens, p. pr. of praecellere to excel, surpass: cf. OF. +precellence.] Excellence; superiority. [Obs.] Sheldon. + +Pre*cel"lent (?), a. [L. praecellens, p. pr.] Excellent; surpassing. +[Obs.] Holland. + +Pre*cen"tor (?), n. [L. praecentor, fr. praecinere to sing before; prae +before + canere to sing. See Chant.] A leader of a choir; a directing +singer. Specifically: (a) The leader of the choir in a cathedral; -- +called also the chanter or master of the choir. Hook. (b) The leader of +the congregational singing in Scottish and other churches. + +Pre*cen"tor*ship, n. The office of a precentor. + +Pre"cept (?), n. [L. praeceptum, from praecipere to take beforehand, to +instruct, teach; prae before + capere to take: cf. F. prÈcepte. See +Pre-, and Capacious.] 1. Any commandment, instruction, or order +intended as an authoritative rule of action; esp., a command respecting +moral conduct; an injunction; a rule. + + For precept must be upon precept. + + +Isa. xxviii. 10. + + No arts are without their precepts. + + +Dryden. + +2. (Law) A command in writing; a species of writ or process. Burrill. + +Syn. -- Commandment; injunction; mandate; law; rule; direction; +principle; maxim. See Doctrine. + +Pre"cept, v. t. To teach by precepts. [Obs.] Bacon. + +Pre*cep"tial (?), a. Preceptive. [Obs.] + + [Passion] would give preceptial medicine to rage. + + +Shak. + +Pre*cep"tion (?), n. [L. praeceptio.] A precept. [R.] Bp. Hall. + +Pre*cep"tive (?), a. [L. praeceptivus.] Containing or giving precepts; +of the nature of precepts; didactic; as, the preceptive parts of the +Scriptures. + + The lesson given us here is preceptive to us. + + +L'Estrange. + +Pre*cep"tor (?), n. [L. praeceptor, fr. praecipere to teach: cf. F. +prÈcepteur. See Precept.] 1. One who gives commands, or makes rules; +specifically, the master or principal of a school; a teacher; an +instructor. + +2. The head of a preceptory among the Knights Templars. Sir W. Scott. + +Pre`cep*to"ri*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to a preceptor. + +Pre*cep"to*ry (?; 277), a. Preceptive. "A law preceptory." Anderson +(1573). + +Pre*cep"to*ry, n.; pl. Preceptories (#). [LL. praeceptoria an estate +assigned to a preceptor, from L. praeceptor a commander, ruler, +teacher, in LL., procurator, administrator among the Knights Templars. +See Preceptor.] A religious house of the Knights Templars, subordinate +to the temple or principal house of the order in London. See +Commandery, n., 2. + +Pre*cep"tress (?), n. A woman who is the principal of a school; a +female teacher. + +Pre*ces"sion (?), n. [L. praecedere, praecessum, to go before: cf. F. +prÈcession. See Precede.] The act of going before, or forward. + +Lunisolar precession. (Astron.) See under Lunisolar. -- Planetary +precession, that part of the precession of the equinoxes which depends +on the action of the planets alone. -- Precession of the equinoxes +(Astron.), the slow backward motion of the equinoctial points along the +ecliptic, at the rate of 50.2″ annually, caused by the action of +the sun, moon, and planets, upon the protuberant matter about the +earth's equator, in connection with its diurnal rotation; -- so called +because either equinox, owing to its westerly motion, comes to the +meridian sooner each day than the point it would have occupied without +the motion of precession, and thus precedes that point continually with +reference to the time of transit and motion. + +Pre*ces"sion*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to pression; as, the +precessional movement of the equinoxes. + +Pre*ces"sor (?), n. [L. praecessor.] A predecessor. [Obs.] Fuller. + +Pre"cinct (?; 277), n. [LL. praecinctum, fr. L. praecingere, +praecinctum, to gird about, to encompass; prae before + cingere to +gird, surround. See Pre-, and Cincture.] 1. The limit or exterior line +encompassing a place; a boundary; a confine; limit of jurisdiction or +authority; -- often in the plural; as, the precincts of a state. "The +precincts of light." Milton. + +2. A district within certain boundaries; a minor territorial or +jurisdictional division; as, an election precinct; a school precinct. + +3. A parish or prescribed territory attached to a church, and taxed for +its support. [U.S.] + + The parish, or precinct, shall proceed to a new choice. + + +Laws of Massachusetts. + +Pre`ci*os"i*ty (?), n. Preciousness; something precious. [Obs.] Sir T. +Browne. + +Pre"cious (?), a. [OF. precious, precius, precios, F. prÈcieux, L. +pretiosus, fr. pretium price, worth, value. See Price.] 1. Of great +price; costly; as, a precious stone. "The precious bane." Milton. + +2. Of great value or worth; very valuable; highly esteemed; dear; +beloved; as, precious recollections. + + She is more precious than rules. + + +Prov. iii. 15. + + Many things which are most precious are neglected only because the + value of them lieth hid. + + +Hooker. + +Also used ironically; as, a precious rascal. + +3. Particular; fastidious; overnice. [Obs.] + + Lest that precious folk be with me wroth. + + +Chaucer. + +Precious metals, the uncommon and highly valuable metals, esp. gold and +silver. -- Precious stones, gems; jewels. + +Pre"cious*ly, adv. In a precious manner; expensively; extremely; +dearly. Also used ironically. + +Pre"cious*ness, n. The quality or state of being precious; costliness; +dearness. + +Prec"i*pe (?), n. (Law) See PrÊcipe, and Precept. + +Prec"i*pice (?), n. [F. prÈcipice, L. praecipitium, fr. praeceps, +-cipitis, headlong; prae before + caput, capitis, the head. See Pre-, +and Chief.] 1. A sudden or headlong fall. [Obs.] Fuller. + +2. A headlong steep; a very steep, perpendicular, or overhanging place; +an abrupt declivity; a cliff. + + Where wealth like fruit on precipices grew. + + +Dryden. + +Pre*cip"i*ent (?), a. [L. praecipiens, p. pr. See Precept.] Commanding; +directing. + +Pre*cip`i*ta*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being +precipitable. + +Pre*cip"i*ta*ble (?), a. Capable of being precipitated, or cast to the +bottom, as a substance in solution. See Precipitate, n. (Chem.) + +{ Pre*cip"i*tance (?), Pre*cip"i*tan*cy (?), } n. [From Precipitant.] +The quality or state of being precipitant, or precipitate; headlong +hurry; excessive or rash haste in resolving, forming an opinion, or +executing a purpose; precipitation; as, the precipitancy of youth. +"Precipitance of judgment." I. Watts. + +Pre*cip"i*tant (?), a. [L. praecipitans, -antis, p. pr. of +praecipitare: cf. F. prÈcipitant. See Precipitate.] 1. Falling or +rushing headlong; rushing swiftly, violently, or recklessly; moving +precipitately. + + They leave their little lives Above the clouds, precipitant to + earth. + + +J. Philips. + + Should he return, that troop so blithe and bold, Precipitant in + fear would wing their flight. + + +Pope. + +2. Unexpectedly or foolishly brought on or hastened; rashly hurried; +hasty; sudden; reckless. Jer. Taylor. "Precipitant rebellion." Eikon +Basilike. + +Pre*cip"i*tant, n. (Chem.) Any force or reagent which causes the +formation of a precipitate. + +Pre*cip"i*tant*ly, adv. With rash or foolish haste; in headlong manner. +Milton. + +Pre*cip"i*tant*ness, n. The quality or state of being precipitant; +precipitation. + +Pre*cip"i*tate (?), a. [L. praecipitatus, p. p. of praecipitare to +precipitate, fr. praeceps headlong. See Precipice.] 1. Overhasty; rash; +as, the king was too precipitate in declaring war. Clarendon. + +2. Lacking due deliberation or care; hurried; said or done before the +time; as, a precipitate measure. "The rapidity of our too precipitate +course." Landor. + +3. Falling, flowing, or rushing, with steep descent; headlong. + + Precipitate the furious torrent flows. + + +Prior. + +4. Ending quickly in death; brief and fatal; as, a precipitate case of +disease. [Obs.] Arbuthnot. + +Pre*cip"i*tate (?), n. [NL. praecipitatum: cf. F. prÈcipitÈ.] 1. +(Chem.) An insoluble substance separated from a solution in a concrete +state by the action of some reagent added to the solution, or of some +force, such as heat or cold. The precipitate may fall to the bottom +(whence the name), may be diffused through the solution, or may float +at or near the surface. + +Red precipitate (Old. Chem), mercuric oxide (HgO) a heavy red +crystalline powder obtained by heating mercuric nitrate, or by heating +mercury in the air. Prepared in the latter manner, it was the +precipitate per se of the alchemists. -- White precipitate (Old Chem.) +(a) A heavy white amorphous powder (NH2.HgCl) obtained by adding +ammonia to a solution of mercuric chloride or corrosive sublimate; -- +formerly called also infusible white precipitate, and now +amido-mercuric chloride. (b) A white crystalline substance obtained by +adding a solution of corrosive sublimate to a solution of sal ammoniac +(ammonium chloride); -- formerly called also fusible white precipitate. + +Pre*cip"i*tate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Precipitated (?); p. pr. & vb. +n. Precipitating.] 1. To throw headlong; to cast down from a precipice +or height. + + She and her horse had been precipitated to the pebbled region of + the river. + + +W. Irving. + +2. To urge or press on with eager haste or violence; to cause to +happen, or come to a crisis, suddenly or too soon; as, precipitate a +journey, or a conflict. + + Back to his sight precipitates her steps. + + +Glover. + + If they be daring, it may precipitate their designs, and prove + dangerous. + + +Bacon. + +3. (Chem.) To separate from a solution, or other medium, in the form of +a precipitate; as, water precipitates camphor when in solution with +alcohol. + + The light vapor of the preceding evening had been precipitated by + the cold. + + +W. Irving. + +Pre*cip"i*tate, v. i. 1. To dash or fall headlong. [R.] + + So many fathom down precipitating. + + +Shak. + +2. To hasten without preparation. [R.] + +3. (Chem.) To separate from a solution as a precipitate. See +Precipitate, n. + +Pre*cip"i*tate*ly (?), adv. In a precipitate manner; headlong; hastily; +rashly. Swift. + +Pre*cip`i*ta"tion (?), n. [L. praecipitatio: cf. F. prÈcipitation.] 1. +The act of precipitating, or the state of being precipitated, or thrown +headlong. + + In peril of precipitation From off rock Tarpeian. + + +Shak. + +2. A falling, flowing, or rushing downward with violence and rapidity. + + The hurry, precipitation, and rapid motion of the water, returning + . . . towards the sea. + + +Woodward. + +3. Great hurry; rash, tumultuous haste; impetuosity. "The precipitation +of inexperience." Rambler. + +4. (Chem.) The act or process of precipitating from a solution. + +Pre*cip"i*ta`tor (?), n. [L. praecipitator an overthrower.] One who +precipitates, or urges on with vehemence or rashness. Hammond. + +Prec`i*pi"tious (?), a. Precipitous. [Obs.] -- Prec`i*pi"tious*ly, adv. +[Obs.] Dr. H. More. + +Pre*cip"i*tous (?), a. [L. praeceps, -cipitis: cf. OF. precipiteux. See +Precipice.] 1. Steep, like a precipice; as, a precipitous cliff or +mountain. + +2. Headlong; as, precipitous fall. + +3. Hasty; rash; quick; sudden; precipitate; as, precipitous attempts. +Sir T. Browne. "Marian's low, precipitous ëHush!'" Mrs. Browning. + +-- Pre*cip"i*tous*ly, adv. -- Pre*cip"i*tous*ness, n. + +||PrÈ`cis" (pr`s"), n. [F. See Precise.] A concise or abridged +||statement or view; an abstract; a summary. + +Pre*cise" (?), a. [L. praecisus cut off, brief, concise, p. p. of +praecidere to cut off in front, to cut off; prae before + caedere to +cut: cf. F. prÈcis. Cf. Concise.] 1. Having determinate limitations; +exactly or sharply defined or stated; definite; exact; nice; not vague +or equivocal; as, precise rules of morality. + + The law in this point is not precise. + + +Bacon. + + For the hour precise Exacts our parting hence. + + +Milton. + +2. Strictly adhering or conforming to rule; very nice or exact; +punctilious in conduct or ceremony; formal; ceremonious. Addison. + + He was ever precise in promise- keeping. + + +Shak. + +Syn. -- Accurate; exact; definite; correct; scrupulous; punctilious; +particular; nice; formal. See Accurate. + +-- Pre*cise"ly, adv. -- Pre*cise"ness, n. + +Pre*ci"sian (?), n. 1. One who limits, or restrains. [Obs.] + +2. An overprecise person; one rigidly or ceremoniously exact in the +observance of rules; a formalist; -- formerly applied to the English +Puritans. + + The most dissolute cavaliers stood aghast at the dissoluteness of + the emancipated precisian. + + +Macaulay. + +Pre*ci"sian*ism (?), n. The quality or state of being a precisian; the +practice of a precisian. Milton. + +Pre*ci"sian*ist, n. A precisian. + +Pre*ci"sion (?), n. [Cf. F. prÈcision, L. praecisio a cutting off. See +Precise.] The quality or state of being precise; exact limitation; +exactness; accuracy; strict conformity to a rule or a standard; +definiteness. + + I have left out the utmost precisions of fractions. + + +Locke. + +Syn. -- Preciseness; exactness; accuracy; nicety. -- Precision, +Preciseness. Precision is always used in a good sense; as, precision of +thought or language; precision in military evolutions. Preciseness is +sometimes applied to persons or their conduct in a disparaging sense, +and precise is often used in the same way. + +Pre*ci"sive (?), a. Cutting off; (Logic) exactly limiting by cutting +off all that is not absolutely relative to the purpose; as, precisive +censure; precisive abstraction. I. Watts. + +<! p. 1127 !> + +Pre*clude" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Precluded; p. pr. & vb. n. +Precluding.] [L. praecludere, praeclusum; prae before + claudere to +shut. See Close, v.] 1. To put a barrier before; hence, to shut out; to +hinder; to stop; to impede. + + The valves preclude the blood from entering the veins. + + +E. Darwin. + +2. To shut out by anticipative action; to prevent or hinder by +necessary consequence or implication; to deter action of, access to, +employment of, etc.; to render ineffectual; to obviate by anticipation. + + This much will obviate and preclude the objections. + + +Bentley. + +Pre*clu"sion (?), n. [L. praeclusio. See Preclude.] The act of +precluding, or the state of being precluded; a shutting out. + +Pre*clu"sive (?), a. Shutting out; precluding, or tending to preclude; +hindering. -- Pre*clu"sive*ly, adv. + +Pre*coce" (?), a. [F. prÈcoce.] Precocious. [Obs.] + +||Pre"co*ces, n. pl. [NL.] (Zoˆl.) Same as PrÊcoces. + +Pre*co"cious (?), a. [L. praecox, -ocis, and praecoquus, fr. +praecoquere to cook or ripen beforehand; prae before + coquere to cook. +See 3d Cook, and cf. Apricot.] 1. Ripe or mature before the proper or +natural time; early or prematurely ripe or developed; as, precocious +trees. [R.] Sir T. Browne. + +2. Developed more than is natural or usual at a given age; exceeding +what is to be expected of one's years; too forward; -- used especially +of mental forwardness; as, a precocious child; precocious talents. + +Pre*co"cious*ly, adv. In a precocious manner. + +{ Pre*co"cious*ness, Pre*coc"i*ty (?), } n. [Cf. F. prÈcocitÈ.] The +quality or state of being precocious; untimely ripeness; premature +development, especially of the mental powers; forwardness. + + Saucy precociousness in learning. + + +Bp. Mannyngham. + + That precocity which sometimes distinguishes uncommon genius. + + +Wirt. + +Pre*co`e*ta"ne*an (?), n. One contemporary with, but older than, +another. [Obs.] Fuller. + +Pre*cog"i*tate (?), v. t. [L. praecogitatus, p. p. of praecogitare. See +Pre-, and Cogitate.] To cogitate beforehand. [R.] Sherwood. + +Pre*cog`i*ta"tion (?), n. [L. praecogitatio.] Previous cogitation. [R.] +Bailey. + +Pre`cog*ni"tion (?), n. [L. praecognitio, fr. praecognoscere to +foreknow. See Pre-, and Cognition.] 1. Previous cognition. Fotherby. + +2. (Scots Law) A preliminary examination of a criminal case with +reference to a prosecution. Erskine. + +Pre*cog"ni*za*ble (?), a. Cognizable beforehand. + +Pre*cog"nosce (?), v. t. [L. praecognoscere to foreknow.] (Scots Law) +To examine beforehand, as witnesses or evidence. + + A committee of nine precognoscing the chances. + + +Masson. + +Pre`col*lec"tion (?), n. A collection previously made. [R.] + +Pre`com*pose" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Precomposed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Precomposing.] To compose beforehand. Johnson. + +Pre`con*ceit" (?), n. An opinion or notion formed beforehand; a +preconception. Hooker. + +Pre`con*ceive" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Preconceived (?); p. pr. & vb. +n. Preconceiving.] To conceive, or form an opinion of, beforehand; to +form a previous notion or idea of. + + In a dead plain the way seemeth the longer, because the eye hath + preconceived it shorter than the truth. + + +Bacon. + +Pre`con*cep"tion (?), n. The act of preconceiving; conception or +opinion previously formed. + +Pre`con*cert" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Preconcerted; p. pr. & vb. n. +Preconcerting.] To concert or arrange beforehand; to settle by previous +agreement. + +Pre*con"cert (?), n. Something concerted or arranged beforehand; a +previous agreement. + +Pre`con*cert"ed (?), a. Previously arranged; agreed upon beforehand. -- +Pre`con*cert"ed*ly, adv. -- Pre`con*cert"ed*ness, n. + +Pre`con*cer"tion (?), n. The act of preconcerting; preconcert. Dr. T. +Dwight. + +Pre`con*demn` (?), v. t. To condemn beforehand. -- Pre*con`dem*na"tion +(#), n. + +Pre`con*di"tion (?), n. A previous or antecedent condition; a +preliminary condition. + +Pre`con*form" (?), v. t. & i. To conform by way anticipation. De +Quincey. + +Pre`con*form"i*ty (?), n. Anticipative or antecedent conformity. +Coleridge. + +Pre*con"i*zate (?), v. t. [Cf. F. prÈconiser.] To proclaim; to publish; +also, to summon; to call. [Obs.] Bp. Burnet. + +Pre*con`i*za"tion (?), n. [L. praeconium a crying out in public, fr. +praeco, - onis, a crier, a herald: cf. F. prÈconisation.] 1. A +publishing by proclamation; a public proclamation. Bp. Hall. + +2. (Eccl.) A formal approbation by the pope of a person nominated to an +ecclesiastical dignity. Addis & Arnold. + +Pre"con*ize (?), v. t. (Eccl.) To approve by preconization. + +Pre*con"quer (?), v. t. To conquer in anticipation. [R.] Fuller. + +Pre*con""scious (?), a. Of or pertaining to a state before +consciousness. + +Pre`con*sent" (?), n. A previous consent. + +Pre`con*sign" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Preconsigned (?); p. pr. & vb. +n. Preconsigning.] To consign beforehand; to make a previous +consignment of. + +Pre`con*sol"i*da`ted (?), a. Consolidated beforehand. + +Pre*con"sti*tute (?), v. t. To constitute or establish beforehand. + +Pre`con*tract" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Precontracted; p. pr. & vb. n. +Precontracting.] To contract, engage, or stipulate previously. + +Pre`con*tract" (?), v. i. To make a previous contract or agreement. +Ayliffe. + +Pre*con"tract (?), n. A contract preceding another; especially (Law), a +contract of marriage which, according to the ancient law, rendered void +a subsequent marriage solemnized in violation of it. Abbott. + +Pre`con*trive" (?), v. t. & i. To contrive or plan beforehand. + +Pre*cor"a*coid (?), n. (Anat.) The anterior part of the coracoid (often +closely united with the clavicle) in the shoulder girdle of many +reptiles and amphibians. + +Pre*cor"di*al (?), a. [Pref. pre- + L. cor, cordis, heart: cf. F. +prÈcordial.] (Anat.) Situated in front of the heart; of or pertaining +to the prÊcordia. + +Pre*cru"ral (?), a. (Anat.) Situated in front of the leg or thigh; as, +the precrural glands of the horse. + +Pre*cur"rer (?), n. A precursor. [Obs.] Shak. + +Pre*curse" (?), n. [L. praecursus.] A forerunning. [Obs.] Shak. + +Pre*cur"sive (?), a. Preceding; introductory; precursory. "A deep +precursive sound." Coleridge. + +Pre*cur"sor (?), n. [L. praecursor, fr. praecurrere to run before; prae +before + currere to run. See Course.] One who, or that which, precedes +an event, and indicates its approach; a forerunner; a harbinger. + + Evil thoughts are the invisible, airy precursors of all the storms + and tempests of the soul. + + +Buckminster. + +Syn. -- Predecessor; forerunner; harbinger; messenger; omen; sign. + +Pre*cur"sor*ship, n. The position or condition of a precursor. Ruskin. + +Pre*cur"so*ry (?), a. [L. praecursorius.] Preceding as a precursor or +harbinger; indicating something to follow; as, precursory symptoms of a +fever. + +Pre*cur"so*ry, n. An introduction. [Obs.] + +Pre*da"cean (?), n. [L. praeda prey.] (Zoˆl.) A carnivorous animal. +Kirby. + +Pre*da"ceous (?), a. [L. praeda prey. See Prey.] Living by prey; +predatory. Derham. + +Pre"dal (?), a. [L. praeda prey.] Of or pertaining to prey; plundering; +predatory. [R.] Boyse. + +Pre*date" (?), v. t. To date anticipation; to affix to (a document) an +earlier than the actual date; to antedate; as, a predated deed or +letter. + +Pre*da"tion (?), n. [L. praedatio, fr. praedari to plunder.] The act of +pillaging. E. Hall. + +Pred"a*to*ri*ly (?), adv. In a predatory manner. + +Pred"a*to*ry (?), a. [L. praedatorius, fr. praedari to plunder, fr. +praeda prey. See Prey.] 1. Characterized by plundering; practicing +rapine; plundering; pillaging; as, a predatory excursion; a predatory +party. "A predatory war." Macaulay. + +2. Hungry; ravenous; as, predatory spirits. [Obs.] + + Exercise . . . maketh the spirits more hot and predatory. + + +Bacon. + +3. (Zoˆl.) Living by preying upon other animals; carnivorous. + +Prede (?), v. i. [L. praedari. See Prey.] To prey; to plunder. [Obs.] +Holinshed. + +Prede, n. Prey; plunder; booty. [Obs.] Holinshed. + +Pre"de*cay` (?), n. Premature decay. + +Pre`de*cease (?), v. t. To die sooner than. "If children predecease +progenitors." Shak. + +Pre"de*cease` (?), n. The death of one person or thing before another. +[R.] Brougham. + +Pred`e*ces"sive (?), a. Going before; preceding. "Our predecessive +students." Massinger. + +Pred`e*ces"sor (?; 277), n. [L. praedecessor; prae before + decessor +one who withdraws from the province he has governed, a retiring officer +(with reference to his successor), a predecessor, fr. decedere: cf. F. +prÈdÈcesseur. See Decease.] One who precedes; one who has preceded +another in any state, position, office, etc.; one whom another follows +or comes after, in any office or position. + + A prince who was as watchful as his predecessor had been over the + interests of the state. + + +Prescott. + +Pre`de*clare" (?), v. t. To declare or announce beforehand; to +preannounce. Milman. + +Pre*ded`i*ca"tion (?), n. A dedication made previously or beforehand. + +Pre`de*fine (?), v. t. To define beforehand. + +Pre`de*lib`er*a"tion, n. Previous deliberation. + +Pre`de*lin`e*a"tion, n. Previous delineation. + +||Pre*del"la (?), n. [It.] The step, or raised secondary part, of an +||altar; a superaltar; hence, in Italian painting, a band or frieze of +||several pictures running along the front of a superaltar, or forming +||a border or frame at the foot of an altarpiece. + +Pre`de*sign" (?), v. t. To design or purpose beforehand; to +predetermine. Mitford. + +Pre*des"ig*nate (?), a. (Logic) A term used by Sir William Hamilton to +define propositions having their quantity indicated by a verbal sign; +as, all, none, etc.; -- contrasted with preindesignate, defining +propositions of which the quantity is not so indicated. + +Pre*des`ti*na"ri*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to predestination; as, the +predestinarian controversy. Waterland. + +Pre*des`ti*na"ri*an, n. One who believes in or supports the doctrine of +predestination. Dr. H. More. + +Pre*des`ti*na"ri*an*ism (?), n. The system or doctrine of the +predestinarians. + +Pre*des"ti*na*ry (?), a. Predestinarian. [Obs.] Heylin. + +Pre*des"ti*nate (?), a. [L. praedestinatus, p. p. of praedestinare to +predestine; prae before + destinare to determine. See Destine.] +Predestinated; foreordained; fated. "A predestinate scratched face." +Shak. + +Pre*des"ti*nate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Predestinated (?); p. pr. & +vb. n. Predestinating.] [Cf. Predestine.] To predetermine or +foreordain; to appoint or ordain beforehand by an unchangeable purpose +or decree; to preÎlect. + + Whom he did foreknow, he also did predestinate to be conformed to + the image of his Son. + + +Rom. viii. 29. + +Syn. -- To predetermine; foreordain; preordain; decree; predestine; +foredoom. + +Pre*des`ti*na"tion (?), n. [L. praedestinatio: cf. F. prÈdestination.] +1. The act of predestinating. + + Predestination had overruled their will. + + +Milton. + +2. (Theol.) The purpose of Good from eternity respecting all events; +especially, the preordination of men to everlasting happiness or +misery. See Calvinism. + +Pre*des"ti*na*tive (?), a. Determining beforehand; predestinating. [R.] +Coleridge. + +Pre*des"ti*na`tor (?), n. [Cf. F. prÈdestinateur.] 1. One who +predestinates, or foreordains. + +2. One who holds to the doctrine of predestination; a predestinarian. +Cowley. + +Pre*des"tine (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Predestined (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Predestining.] [Cf. F. prÈdestiner. See Predestinate.] To decree +beforehand; to foreordain; to predestinate. Young. + +Pre*des"ti*ny (?), n. Predestination. [Obs.] + +Pre`de*ter"mi*na*ble (?), a. Capable of being determined beforehand. +Coleridge. + +Pre`de*ter"mi*nate (?), a. Determined beforehand; as, the +predeterminate counsel of God. + +Pre`de*ter`mi*na"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. prÈdÈtermination.] The act of +previous determination; a purpose formed beforehand; as, the +predetermination of God's will. Hammond. + +Pre`de*ter"mine (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Predetermined (?); p. pr. & +vb. n. Predermining.] [Pref. pre- + determine: cf. F. prÈdÈterminer.] +1. To determine (something) beforehand. Sir M. Hale. + +2. To doom by previous decree; to foredoom. + +Pre`de*ter"mine, v. i. To determine beforehand. + +Pre"di*al (?), a. [L. praedium a farm, estate: cf. F. prÈdial.] 1. +Consisting of land or farms; landed; as, predial estate; that is, real +estate. Ayliffe. + +2. Attached to land or farms; as, predial slaves. + +3. Issuing or derived from land; as, predial tithes. + +Pre*di`as*tol"ic (?), a. (Physiol.) Preceding the diastole of the +heart; as, a prediastolic friction sound. + +Pred`i*ca*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being predicable, or +affirmable of something, or attributed to something. Reid. + +Pred"i*ca*ble (?), a. [Cf. F. prÈdicable, L. praedicabilis +praiseworthy. See Predicate.] Capable of being predicated or affirmed +of something; affirmable; attributable. + +Pred"i*ca*ble, n. 1. Anything affirmable of another; especially, a +general attribute or notion as affirmable of, or applicable to, many +individuals. + +2. (Logic) One of the five most general relations of attributes +involved in logical arrangements, namely, genus, species, difference, +property, and accident. + +Pre*dic"a*ment (?), n. [Cf. F. prÈdicament, L. praedicamentum. See +Predicate.] 1. A class or kind described by any definite marks; hence, +condition; particular situation or state; especially, an unfortunate or +trying position or condition. "O woeful sympathy; piteous predicament!" +Shak. + +2. (Logic) See Category. + +Syn. -- Category; condition; state; plight. + +Pre*dic`a*men"tal (?), a. Of or pertaining to a predicament. John Hall +(1646). + +Pred"i*cant (?), a. [L. praedicans, -antis, p. pr. of praedicare. See +Predicate.] Predicating; affirming; declaring; proclaiming; hence; +preaching. "The Roman predicant orders." N. Brit. Rev. + +Pred"i*cant, n. One who predicates, affirms, or proclaims; +specifically, a preaching friar; a Dominican. + +Pred"i*cate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Predicated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Predicating.] [L. praedicatus, p. p. of praedicare to cry in public, to +proclaim. See Preach.] 1. To assert to belong to something; to affirm +(one thing of another); as, to predicate whiteness of snow. + +2. To found; to base. [U.S.] + +Predicate is sometimes used in the United States for found or base; as, +to predicate an argument on certain principles; to predicate a +statement on information received. Predicate is a term in logic, and +used only in a single case, namely, when we affirm one thing of +another. "Similitude is not predicated of essences or substances, but +of figures and qualities only." Cudworth. + +Pred"i*cate, v. i. To affirm something of another thing; to make an +affirmation. Sir M. Hale. + +Pred"i*cate (?), n. [L. praedicatum, neut. of praedicatus, p. p. +praedicare: cf. F. prÈdicat. See Predicate, v. t.] 1. (Logic) That +which is affirmed or denied of the subject. In these propositions, +"Paper is white," "Ink is not white," whiteness is the predicate +affirmed of paper and denied of ink. + +2. (Gram.) The word or words in a proposition which express what is +affirmed of the subject. + +Syn. -- Affirmation; declaration. + +Pred"i*cate, a. [L. praedicatus, p. p.] Predicated. + +Pred`i*ca"tion (?), n. [L. praedicatio: cf. F. prÈdication.] 1. The act +of predicating, or of affirming one thing of another; affirmation; +assertion. Locke. + +2. Preaching. [Obs. or Scot.] Chaucer. + +Pred"i*ca*tive (?), a. [L. praedicativus.] Expressing affirmation or +predication; affirming; predicating, as, a predicative term. -- +Pred"i*ca*tive*ly, adv. + +Pred"i*ca*to*ry (?), a. [Cf. L. praedicatorius praising.] Affirmative; +positive. Bp. Hall. + +<! p. 1128 !> + +Pre`di*crot"ic (?), a. (Physiol.) A term applied to the pulse wave +sometimes seen in a pulse curve or sphygmogram, between the apex of the +curve and the dicrotic wave. + + The predicrotic or tidal wave is best marked in a hard pulse, i. + e., where the blood pressure is high. + + +Landois & Stirling. + +Pre*dict" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Predicted; p. pr. & vb. n. +Predicting.] [L. praedictus, p. p. of praedicere to predict; prae +before + dicere to say, tell. See Diction, and cf. Preach.] To tell or +declare beforehand; to foretell; to prophesy; to presage; as, to +predict misfortune; to predict the return of a comet. + +Syn. -- To foretell; prophesy; prognosticate; presage; forebode; +foreshow; bode. + +Pre*dict", n. A prediction. [Obs.] Shak. + +Pre*dict"a*ble (?), a. That may be predicted. + +Pre*dic"tion (?), n. [L. praedictio: cf. F. prÈdiction.] The act of +foretelling; also, that which is foretold; prophecy. + + The predictions of cold and long winters. + + +Bacon. + +Syn. -- Prophecy; prognostication; foreboding; augury; divination; +soothsaying; vaticination. + +Pre*dic"tion*al (?), a. Prophetic; prognostic. [R.] + +Pre*dict"ive (?), a. [L. praedictivus.] Foretelling; prophetic; +foreboding. - - Pre*dict"ive*ly, adv. + +Pre*dict"or (?), n. One who predicts; a foreteller. + +Pre*dict"o*ry (?), a. Predictive. [R.] Fuller. + +Pre`di*gest" (?), v. t. (Med.) To subject (food) to predigestion or +artificial digestion. + +Pre`di*ges"tion (?), n. 1. Digestion too soon performed; hasty +digestion. [Obs.] Bacon. + +2. (Med.) Artificial digestion of food for use in illness or impaired +digestion. + +Pre`di*lect" (?), v. t. To elect or choose beforehand. [R.] Walter +Harte. + +Pre`di*lec"tion (?), n. [Pref. pre- + L. dilectus, p. p. diligere to +prefer: cf. F. prÈdilection. See Diligent.] A previous liking; a +prepossession of mind in favor of something; predisposition to choose +or like; partiality. Burke. + +Pre`dis*cov"er (?), v. t. To discover beforehand. + +Pre`dis*cov"er*y (?), n. A previous discovery. + +Pre`dis*po"nen*cy (?), n. The state of being predisposed; +predisposition. [R.] + +Pre`dis*po"nent (?), a. Disposing beforehand; predisposing. -- n. That +which predisposes. + +Predisponent causes. (Med.) See Predisposing causes, under Predispose. +Dunglison. + +Pre`dis*pose" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Predisposed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Predisposing.] [Pref. pre- + dispose: cf. F. prÈdisposer.] 1. To +dispose or incline beforehand; to give a predisposition or bias to; as, +to predispose the mind to friendship. + +2. To make fit or susceptible beforehand; to give a tendency to; as, +debility predisposes the body to disease. + +Predisposing causes (Med.), causes which render the body liable to +disease; predisponent causes. + +Pre*dis`po*si"tion (?), n.[Pref. pre- + disposition: cf. F. +prÈdisposition.] 1. The act of predisposing, or the state of being +predisposed; previous inclination, tendency, or propensity; +predilection; -- applied to the mind; as, a predisposition to anger. + +2. Previous fitness or adaptation to any change, impression, or +purpose; susceptibility; -- applied to material things; as, the +predisposition of the body to disease. + +Pre*dom"i*nance (?), n. [Cf. F. prÈdominance.] 1. The quality or state +of being predominant; superiority; ascendency; prevalence; +predomination. + + The predominance of conscience over interest. + + +South. + +2. (Astrol.) The superior influence of a planet. Shak. + +Pre*dom"i*nan*cy (?), n. Predominance. Bacon. + +Pre*dom"i*nant (?), a. [Cf. F. prÈdominant. See Predominante.] Having +the ascendency over others; superior in strength, influence, or +authority; prevailing; as, a predominant color; predominant excellence. + + Those help . . . were predominant in the king's mind. + + +Bacon. + + Foul subordination is predominant. + + +Shak. + +Syn. -- Prevalent; superior; prevailing; ascendant; ruling; reigning; +controlling; overruling. + +Pre*dom"i*nant*ly, adv. In a predominant manner. + +Pre*dom"i*nate (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Predominated (?); p. pr. & vb. +n. Predominating.] [Pref. pre- + dominate: cf. F. prÈdominer.] To be +superior in number, strength, influence, or authority; to have +controlling power or influence; to prevail; to rule; to have the +mastery; as, love predominated in her heart. + + [Certain] rays may predominate over the rest. + + +Sir. I. Newton. + +Pre*dom"i*nate, v. t. To rule over; to overpower. [R.] + +Pre*dom`i*na"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. prÈdomination.] The act or state of +predominating; ascendency; predominance. W. Browne. + +Pre*doom" (?), v. t. To foredoom. + +Pre*dor"sal (?), a. (Anat.) Situated in front of the back; immediately +in front, or on the ventral side the dorsal part of the vertebral +column. + +Pre"dy (?), a. [Cf. F. prÍt ready.] Cleared and ready for engagement, +as a ship. Smart. + +Preed"y (?), adv. With ease. [Prov. Eng.] + +Preef (?), n. Proof. [Obs.] Chaucer. + +Pre`Î*lect" (?), v. t. To elect beforehand. + +Pre`Î*lec"tion (?), n. Election beforehand. + +Pre*Îm"i*nence (?), n. [F. prÈÈminence, L. praeeminentia. See +PreÎminent.] The quality or state of being preÎminent; superiority in +prominence or in excellence; distinction above others in quality, rank, +etc.; rarely, in a bad sense, superiority or notoriety in evil; as, +preÎminence in honor. + + The preÎminence of Christianity to any other religious scheme. + + +Addison. + + Painful preÎminence! yourself to view Above life's weakness, and + its comforts too. + + +Pope. + + Beneath the forehead's walled preÎminence. + + +Lowell. + +Pre*Îm"i*nent (?), a. [L. praeminens, -entis, p. pr. praeminere to be +prominent, to surpass: cf. F. prÈÈminent. See Pre-, and Eminent.] +Eminent above others; prominent among those who are eminent; superior +in excellence; surpassing, or taking precedence of, others; rarely, +surpassing others in evil, or in bad qualities; as, preÎminent in +guilt. + + In goodness and in power preÎminent. + + +Milton. + +Pre*Îm"i*nent*ly, adv. In a preÎminent degree. + +Pre`Îm*ploy (?), v. t. To employ beforehand. "PreÎmployed by him." +Shak. + +Pre*Împt" (?; 215), v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. PreÎmpted; p. pr. & vb. n. +PreÎmpting.] [See PreÎmption.] To settle upon (public land) with a +right of preemption, as under the laws of the United States; to take by +preÎmption. + +Pre*Împ"tion (?; 215), n. [Pref. pre- + emption: cf. F. prÈemption. See +Redeem.] The act or right of purchasing before others. Specifically: +(a) The privilege or prerogative formerly enjoyed by the king of buying +provisions for his household in preference to others. [Eng.] (b) The +right of an actual settler upon public lands (particularly those of the +United States) to purchase a certain portion at a fixed price in +preference to all other applicants. Abbott. + +Pre*Împ"tion*er (?), n. One who holds a prior right to purchase certain +public land. Abbott. + +Pre*Împ"tive (?), a. Of or pertaining to preÎmption; having power to +preÎmpt; preÎmpting. + +Pre*Împt"or (?; 215), n. [Cf. L. praeemptor.] One who preÎmpts; esp., +one who preÎmpts public land. + +Pre*Împt"o*ry (?), a. Pertaining to preÎmption. + +Preen (?), n. [AS. preÛn a clasp, bodkin; akin to D. priem punch, +bodkin, awl, G. pfriem, Icel. prjnn a knitting needle, pin, Dan. preen +a bodkin, punch.] A forked tool used by clothiers in dressing cloth. + +Preen, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Preened (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Preening.] [See +Preen, n.; or cf. Prune.] 1. To dress with, or as with, a preen; to +trim or dress with the beak, as the feathers; -- said of birds. Derham. + +2. To trim up, as trees. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell. + +Pre`În*gage" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. PreÎngaged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +PreÎngaging (?).] To engage by previous contract; to bind or attach +previously; to preoccupy. + + But he was preÎngaged by former ties. + + +Dryden. + +Pre`În*gage"ment (?), n. Prior engagement, obligation, or attachment, +as by contract, promise, or affection. + + My preÎngagements to other themes were not unknown to those for + whom I was to write. + + +Boyle. + +Pre`Î*rect" (?), v. t. To erect beforehand. + +Prees (?), n. Press; throng. [Obs.] Chaucer. + +Pre`Îs*tab"lish, v. t. To establish beforehand. + +Pre`Îs*tab"lish*ment, n. Settlement beforehand. + +Pre`Î*ter"ni*ty (?), n. Infinite previous duration. [R.] "The world's +preÎternity." Cudworth. + +Pre`Îx*am`i*na"tion (?), n. Previous examination. + +Pre`Îx*am"ine (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. PreÎxamined (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +PreÎxamining.] To examine beforehand. + +Pre`Îx*ist" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. PreÎxisted; p. pr. & vb. n. +PreÎxisting.] To exist previously; to exist before something else. + +Pre`Îx*ist"ence (?), n. 1. Existence in a former state, or previous to +something else. + + Wisdom declares her antiquity and preÎxistence to all the works of + this earth. + + +T. Burnet. + +2. Existence of the soul before its union with the body; -- a doctrine +held by certain philosophers. Addison. + +Pre`Îx*ist"en*cy (?), n. PreÎxistence. [Obs.] + +Pre`Îx*ist"ent (?), a. Existing previously; preceding existence; as, a +preÎxistent state. Pope. + +Pre`Îx*ist"ent*ism (?), n. (Philos.) The theory of a preÎxistence of +souls before their association with human bodies. Emerson. + +Pre`Îx*is`ti*ma"tion (?), n. Previous esteem or estimation. [Obs.] Sir +T. Browne. + +Pre*Îx`pec*ta"tion (?), n. Previous expectation. + +Pref"ace (?; 48), n. [F. prÈface; cf. Sp. prefacio, prefacion, It. +prefazio, prefazione; all fr. L. praefatio, fr. praefari to speak or +say beforehand; prae before + fari, fatus, to speak. See Fate.] 1. +Something spoken as introductory to a discourse, or written as +introductory to a book or essay; a proem; an introduction, or series of +preliminary remarks. + + This superficial tale Is but a preface of her worthy praise. + + +Shak. + + Heaven's high behest no preface needs. + + +Milton. + +2. (R. C. Ch.) The prelude or introduction to the canon of the Mass. +Addis & Arnold. + +Proper preface (Ch. of Eng. & Prot. Epis. Ch.), a portion of the +communion service, preceding the prayer of consecration, appointed for +certain seasons. + +Syn. -- Introduction; preliminary; preamble; proem; prelude; prologue. + +Pref"ace, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Prefaced (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Prefacing.] +To introduce by a preface; to give a preface to; as, to preface a book +discourse. + +Pref"ace, v. i. To make a preface. Jer. Taylor. + +Pref"a*cer (?), n. The writer of a preface. + +Pref`a*to"ri*al (?), a. Prefatory. + +Pref"a*to*ri*ly (?), adv. In a prefatory manner; by way of preface. + +Pref"a*to*ry (?), a. Pertaining to, or of the nature of, a preface; +introductory to a book, essay, or discourse; as, prefatory remarks. + + That prefatory addition to the Creed. + + +Dryden. + +Pre"fect (?), n. [L. praefectus, fr. praefectus, p. p. of praeficere to +set over; prae before + facere to make: cf. F. prÈfet.] 1. A Roman +officer who controlled or superintended a particular command, charge, +department, etc.; as, the prefect of the aqueducts; the prefect of a +camp, of a fleet, of the city guard, of provisions; the pretorian +prefect, who was commander of the troops guarding the emperor's person. + +2. A superintendent of a department who has control of its police +establishment, together with extensive powers of municipal regulation. +[France] Brande & C. + +3. In the Greek and Roman Catholic churches, a title of certain +dignitaries below the rank of bishop. + +Apostolic prefect (R. C. Ch.), the head of a mission, not of episcopal +rank. Shipley. + +Pre`fec*to"ri*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to a prefect. + +Pre"fect*ship (?), n. The office or jurisdiction of a prefect. + +Pre"fec*ture (?; 277), n. [L. praefectura: cf. F. prÈfecture.] The +office, position, or jurisdiction of a prefect; also, his official +residence. + +Pre*fec`un*da"tion (?), n. (Physiol.) A term collectively applied to +the changes or conditions preceding fecundation, especially to the +changes which the ovum undergoes before fecundation. + +Pre`fe*cun"da*to*ry (?), a. Of or pertaining to prefecundation. + +Pre*fer" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Preferred (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Preferring.] [F. prÈfÈrer, L. praeferre; prae before + ferre to bear or +carry. See 1st Bear.] 1. To carry or bring (something) forward, or +before one; hence, to bring for consideration, acceptance, judgment, +etc.; to offer; to present; to proffer; to address; -- said especially +of a request, prayer, petition, claim, charge, etc. + + He spake, and to her hand preferred the bowl. + + +Pope. + + Presently prefer his suit to CÊsar. + + +Shak. + + Three tongues prefer strange orisons on high. + + +Byron. + +2. To go before, or be before, in estimation; to outrank; to surpass. +[Obs.] "Though maidenhood prefer bigamy." Chaucer. + +3. To cause to go before; hence, to advance before others, as to an +office or dignity; to raise; to exalt; to promote; as, to prefer an +officer to the rank of general. + + I would prefer him to a better place. + + +Shak. + +4. To set above or before something else in estimation, favor, or +liking; to regard or honor before another; to hold in greater favor; to +choose rather; -- often followed by to, before, or above. + + If I prefer not Jerusalem above my chief joy. + + +Ps. cxxxvii. 6. + + Preferred an infamous peace before a most just war. + + +Knolles. + +Preferred stock, stock which takes a dividend before other capital +stock; -- called also preference stock and preferential stock. + +Syn. -- To choose; elect. See Choose. + +Pref`er*a*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being preferable; +preferableness. J. S. Mill. + +Pref"er*a*ble (?), a. [Cf. F. prÈfÈrable.] Worthy to be preferred or +chosen before something else; more desirable; as, a preferable scheme. +Addison. + +Pref"er*a*ble*ness, n. The quality or state of being preferable. + +Pref"er*a*bly, adv. In preference; by choice. + + To choose Plautus preferably to Terence. + + +Dennis. + +Pref"er*ence (?), n. [Cf. F. prÈfÈrence.] 1. The act of Preferring, or +the state of being preferred; the setting of one thing before another; +precedence; higher estimation; predilection; choice; also, the power or +opportunity of choosing; as, to give him his preference. + + Leave the critics on either side to contend about the preference + due to this or that sort of poetry. + + +Dryden. + + Knowledge of things alone gives a value to our reasonings, and + preference of one man's knowledge over another's. + + +Locke. + +2. That which is preferred; the object of choice or superior favor; as, +which is your preference? + +Pref`er*en"tial (?), a. Giving, indicating, or having a preference or +precedence; as, a preferential claim; preferential shares. + +Pre*fer"ment (?), n. 1. The act of choosing, or the state of being +chosen; preference. [R.] + + Natural preferment of the one . . . before the other. + + +Sir T. Browne. + +2. The act of preferring, or advancing in dignity or office; the state +of being advanced; promotion. + + Neither royal blandishments nor promises of valuable preferment had + been spared. + + +Macaulay. + +3. A position or office of honor or profit; as, the preferments of the +church. + +Pre*fer"rer (?), n. One who prefers. + +Pref"i*dence (?), n. The quality or state of being prefident. [Obs.] +Baxter. + +Pref"i*dent (?), a. [Cf. L. praefidens overconfident. See Pre-, and +Confident.] Trusting beforehand; hence, overconfident. [Obs.] Baxter. + +Pre*fig"u*rate (?), v. t. [L. praefiguratus, p. p. See Prefigure.] To +prefigure. [R.] Grafton. + +Pre*fig`u*ra"tion (?), n. [L. praefiguratio.] The act of prefiguring, +or the state of being prefigured. + + A variety of prophecies and prefigurations. + + +Norris. + +Pre*fig"ur*a*tive (?), a. Showing by prefiguration. "The prefigurative +atonement." Bp. Horne. + +Pre*fig"ure (?; 135), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Prefigured (?); p. pr. & vb. +n. Prefiguring.] [F. prÈfigurer, or L. praefigurare, praefiguratum; +prae before + figurare to figure. See Figure, and cf. Prefigurate.] To +show, suggest, or announce, by antecedent types and similitudes; to +foreshadow. "Whom all the various types prefigured." South. + +Pre*fig"ure*ment (?), n. The act of prefiguring; prefiguration; also, +that which is prefigured. Carlyle. + +Pre*fine" (?), v. t. [L. praefinire; prae before + finire to limit, +determine: cf. F. prÈfiner.] To limit beforehand. [Obs.] Knolles. + +<! p. 1129 !> + +Pre*fi"nite (?), a. [L. praefinitus, p. p.] Prearranged. [Obs.] " Set +and prefinite time." Holland. + +Pref`i*ni"tion (?), n. [L. praefinitio.] Previous limitation. [Obs.] +Fotherby. + +Pre*fix" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Prefixed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Prefixing.] [L. praefixus, p. p. of praefigere to fix or fasten before; +prae before + figere to fix: cf. F. prÈfix fixed beforehand, +determined, prÈfixer to prefix. See Fix.] + +1. To put or fix before, or at the beginning of, another thing; as, to +prefix a syllable to a word, or a condition to an agreement. + +2. To set or appoint beforehand; to settle or establish antecedently. +[Obs.] " Prefixed bounds. " Locke. + + And now he hath to her prefixt a day. + + +Spenser. + +Pre"fix (?), n. [Cf. F. prÈfixe.] That which is prefixed; esp., one or +more letters or syllables combined or united with the beginning of a +word to modify its signification; as, pre- in prefix, con- in conjure. + +Pre*fix"ion (?), n. [Cf. OF. prefixion.] The act of prefixing. [R.] +Bailey. + +Pre`flo*ra"tion (?), n. [Pref. pre- + L. flos, floris, flower.] (Bot.) +∆stivation. + +Pre*fo`li*a"tion (?), n. [Pref. pre- + L. folium leaf.] (Bot.) +Vernation. + +Pre*form" (&?;), v. t. [L. praeformare. See Pre-, and Form.] To form +beforehand, or for special ends. "Their natures and preformed +faculties. " Shak. + +Pre`for*ma"tion (?), n. (Biol.) An old theory of the preÎxistence of +germs. Cf. EmboÓtement. + +Pre*form"a*tive (?), n. A formative letter at the beginning of a word. +M. Stuart. + +Pre*fron"tal (?), a. (Anat. & Zoˆl.) Situated in front of the frontal +bone, or the frontal region of the skull; ectethmoid, as a certain bone +in the nasal capsule of many animals, and certain scales of reptiles +and fishes. -- n. A prefrontal bone or scale. + +Pre*ful"gen*cy (?), n. [L. praefulgens, p. pr. of praefulgere to shine +forth. See Pre-, and Fulgent.] Superior brightness or effulgency. [R.] +Barrow. + +Pre*gage" (&?;), v. t. To preÎngage. [Obs.] Fuller. + +Pre*gla"cial (?), a. (Geol.) Prior to the glacial or drift period. + +Preg"na*ble (?), a., [F. prenable. See Impregnable.] Capable of being +entered, taken, or captured; expugnable; as, a pregnable fort. [R.] +Cotgrave. + +Preg"nance (?), n. Pregnancy. [Obs.] Milton. + +Preg"nan*cy (?), n. 1. The condition of being pregnant; the state of +being with young. + +2. Figuratively: The quality of being heavy with important contents, +issue, significance, etc.; unusual consequence or capacity; fertility. +Fuller. + +Preg"nant (?), a. [L. praegnans, -antis; prae before + genere, gignere, +to beget: cf. F. prÈgnant. See Gender, 2d Kin.] + +1. Being with young, as a female; having conceived; great with young; +breeding; teeming; gravid; preparing to bring forth. + +2. Heavy with important contents, significance, or issue; full of +consequence or results; weighty; as, pregnant replies. " A pregnant +argument." Prynne. " A pregnant brevity." E. Everett. + +3. Full of promise; abounding in ability, resources, etc.; as, a +pregnant youth. [Obs.] Evelyn. + + Wherein the pregnant enemy does much. + + +Shak. + +Pregnant construction (Rhet.), one in which more is implied than is +said; as, the beasts trembled forth from their dens, that is, came +forth trembling with fright. + +Preg"nant, n. A pregnant woman. [R.] Dunglison. + +Preg"nant, a. [F. prenant taking. Cf. Pregnable.] Affording entrance; +receptive; yielding; willing; open; prompt. [Obs.] " Pregnant to good +pity." Shak. + +Preg"nant*ly, adv. In a pregnant manner; fruitfully; significantly. + +Preg"nant*ly, adv. Unresistingly; openly; hence, clearly; evidently. +[Obs.] Shak. + +Pre"gra*vate (?), v. t. [L. praegravatus, p. p. of praegravare to be +heavy upon, fr. praegravis very heavy.] To bear down; to depress. +[Obs.] Bp. Hall. + +Pre*grav"i*tate (?), v. i. To descend by gravity; to sink. [R.] Boyle. + +Pre*gus"tant (?), a. [L. praegustans, p. pr. of praegustare to taste +beforehand; prae before + gustare to taste.] Tasting beforehand; having +a foretaste. [R.] Ed. Rev. + +Pre`gus*ta"tion (?), n. The act of tasting beforehand; foretaste. [R.] +Dr. Walker (1678). + +||Pre*hal"lux (?), n. [NL. See Pre- , and Hallux.] (Anat.) An extra +||first toe, or rudiment of a toe, on the preaxial side of the hallux. + +Pre*hend" (&?;), v. t. [L. prehendere. See Prehensile.] To lay hold of; +to seize. [Obs.] Middleton. + +Pre*hen"si-ble (?), a. [Cf. F. prÈhensible.] Capable of being seized. + +Pre*hen"sile (?), a. [L. prehensus, p. p. of prehendere to lay hold of, +seize; pre- (equiv. to prae before) + hendere (in comp.), akin to E. +get: cf. F. prÈhensile. See Get, and cf. Prison, Prize, n.] Adapted to +seize or grasp; seizing; grasping; as, the prehensile tail of a monkey. + +Pre*hen"sion (?), n. [L. prehensio; cf. F. prÈhension. See Prehensile.] +The act of taking hold, seizing, or grasping, as with the hand or other +member. + +Pre*hen"so*ry (?), a. Adapted to seize or grasp; prehensile. + +Pre`his*tor"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to a period before written +history begins; as, the prehistoric ages; prehistoric man. + +Prehn"ite (?), n. [So called from the German Colonel Prehn, who first +found it.] (Min.) A pale green mineral occurring in crystalline +aggregates having a botryoidal or mammillary structure, and rarely in +distinct crystals. It is a hydrous silicate of alumina and lime. + +Prehn*it"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, a tetrabasic +acid of benzene obtained as a white crystalline substance; -- probably +so called from the resemblance of the wartlike crystals to the mammillÊ +on the surface of prehnite. + +Pre`in*des"ig*nate (?), a. (Logic.) Having no sign expressive of +quantity; indefinite. See Predesignate. + +Pre*in`dis*pose" (&?;), v. t. To render indisposed beforehand. Milman. + +Pre`in*struct" (&?;), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Preinstructed; p. pr. & vb. +n. Preinstructing.] To instruct previously or beforehand. Dr. H. More. + +Pre*in`ti*ma"tion (?), n. Previous intimation; a suggestion beforehand. +T. Scott. + +Pre*judge" (&?;), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Prejudged (&?;); p. pr. & vb. n. +Prejudging.] [Pref. pre + judge: cf. F. prÈjuger. Cf. Prejudicate, +Prejudice.] To judge before hearing, or before full and sufficient +examination; to decide or sentence by anticipation; to condemn +beforehand. + + The committee of council hath prejudged the whole case, by calling + the united sense of both houses of Parliament" a universal clamor." + + +Swift. + +Pre*judg"ment (?), n. The act of prejudging; decision before sufficient +examination. + +Pre*ju"di*ca*cy (?), n. Prejudice; prepossession. [Obs.] Sir. H. +Blount. + +Pre*ju"di*cal (?), a. Of or pertaining to the determination of some +matter not previously decided; as, a prejudical inquiry or action at +law. + +Pre*ju"di*cant (?), a. [L. praejudicans, p. pr.] Influenced by +prejudice; biased. [R.] " With not too hasty and prejudicant ears." +Milton. + +Pre*ju"di*cate (?), a. [L. praejudicatus, p. p. of praejudicare to +prejudge; prae before + judicare to judge. See Judge.] 1. Formed before +due examination. "Ignorance and prejudicate opinions." Jer. Taylor. + +2. Biased by opinions formed prematurely; prejudiced. "Prejudicate +readers." Sir T. Browne. + +Pre*ju"di*cate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Prejudicated (?); p. pr. & vb. +n. Prejudicating.] [Cf. Prejudge.] To determine beforehand, especially +to disadvantage; to prejudge. + + Our dearest friend Prejudicates the business. + + +Shak. + +Pre*ju"di*cate, v. i. To prejudge. Sir P. Sidney. + +Pre*ju"di*cate*ly (?), adv. With prejudice. + +Pre*ju`di*ca"tion (?), n. 1. The act of prejudicating, or of judging +without due examination of facts and evidence; prejudgment. + +2. (Rom. Law) (a) A preliminary inquiry and determination about +something which belongs to a matter in dispute. (b) A previous +treatment and decision of a point; a precedent. + +Pre*ju"di*ca*tive (?), a. Forming a judgment without due examination; +prejudging. Dr. H. More. + +Prej"u*dice (?), n. [F. prÈjudice, L. praejudicium; prae before + +judicium judgment. See Prejudicate, Judicial.] 1. Foresight. [Obs.] + + Naught might hinder his quick prejudize. + + +Spenser. + +2. An opinion or judgment formed without due examination; prejudgment; +a leaning toward one side of a question from other considerations than +those belonging to it; an unreasonable predilection for, or objection +against, anything; especially, an opinion or leaning adverse to +anything, without just grounds, or before sufficient knowledge. + + Though often misled by prejudice and passion, he was emphatically + an honest man. + + +Macaulay. + +3. (Law) A bias on the part of judge, juror, or witness which +interferes with fairness of judgment. + +4. Mischief; hurt; damage; injury; detriment. Locke. + + England and France might, through their amity, Breed him some + prejudice. + + +Shak. + +Syn. -- Prejudgment; prepossession; bias; harm; hurt; damage; +detriment; mischief; disadvantage. + +Prej"u*dice, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Prejudiced (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Prejudicing (?).] [Cf. F. prÈjudicier. See Prejudice, n.] 1. To cause +to have prejudice; to prepossess with opinions formed without due +knowledge or examination; to bias the mind of, by hasty and incorrect +notions; to give an unreasonable bent to, as to one side or the other +of a cause; as, to prejudice a critic or a juryman. + + Suffer not any beloved study to prejudice your mind so far as to + despise all other learning. + + +I. Watts + +2. To obstruct or injure by prejudices, or by previous bias of the +mind; hence, generally, to hurt; to damage; to injure; to impair; as, +to prejudice a good cause. + + Seek how may prejudice the foe. + + +Shak + +Prej`u*di"cial (?), a. [L. praejudicialis belonging to a preceding +judgment: cf. F. prÈjudiciel.] + +1. Biased, possessed, or blinded by prejudices; as, to look with a +prejudicial eye. [Obs.] Holyday. + +2. Tending to obstruct or impair; hurtful; injurious; disadvantageous; +detrimental. Hooker. + + His going away . . . was most prejudicial and most ruinous to the + king's affairs. + + +Clarendon. + +-- Prej`u*di"cial*ly, adv. -- Prej`u*di"cial*ness, n. + +Pre*knowl"edge (?), n. Prior knowledge. + +Prel"a*cy (?), n.; pl. Prelacies (#). [LL. praelatia. See Prelate; cf. +Prelaty.] 1. The office or dignity of a prelate; church government by +prelates. + + Prelacies may be termed the greater benefices. + + +Ayliffe. + +2. The order of prelates, taken collectively; the body of +ecclesiastical dignitaries. "Divers of the reverend prelacy, and other +most judicious men." Hooker. + +Pre"lal (?), a. [L. prelum a press.] Of or pertaining to printing; +typographical. [Obs.] Fuller. + +Prel"ate (?; 48), n. [F. prÈlat, LL. praelatus, fr. L. praelatus, used +as p. p. of praeferre to prefer, but from a different root. See Elate.] +A clergyman of a superior order, as an archbishop or a bishop, having +authority over the lower clergy; a dignitary of the church. + +This word and the words derived from it are often used invidiously, in +English ecclesiastical history, by dissenters, respecting the +Established Church system. + + Hear him but reason in divinity, . . . You would desire the king + were made a prelate. + + +Shak. + +Prel"ate (?), v. i. To act as a prelate. [Obs.] + + Right prelating is busy laboring, and not lording. + + +Latimer. + +Prel`a*te"i*ty (?), n. Prelacy. [Obs.] Milton. + +Prel"ate*ship, n. The office of a prelate. Harmar. + +Prel"a*tess (?), n. A woman who is a prelate; the wife of a prelate. +Milton. + +Pre*la"tial (?), a. Prelatical. Beaconsfield. + +{ Pre*lat"ic (?), Pre*lat"ic*al (?), } a. Of or pertaining to prelates +or prelacy; as, prelatical authority. Macaulay. + +Pre*lat"ic*al*ly, adv. In a prelatical manner; with reference to +prelates. Milton. + + The last Georgic was a good prelude to the ∆neis. + + +Pre*la"tion (?), n. [L. praelatio: cf. F. prÈlation. See Prelate, and +cf. Prefer.] The setting of one above another; preference. [R.] Jer. +Taylor. + +Prel"a*tism (?), n. Prelacy; episcopacy. + +Prel"a*tist (?), n. One who supports of advocates prelacy, or the +government of the church by prelates; hence, a high-churchman. Hume. + + I am an Episcopalian, but not a prelatist. + + +T. Scott. + +Prel"a*tize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Prelatized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Prelatizing (?).] To bring under the influence of prelacy. Palfrey. + +Prel"a*tize, v. i. To uphold or encourage prelacy; to exercise +prelatical functions. + + An episcopacy that began then to prelatize. + + +Milton. + +Prel"a*try (?), n. Prelaty; prelacy. [Obs.] + +{ Prel"a*ture (?; 135), Prel"a*ture*ship }, n. [F. prÈlature, or LL. +praelatura.] The state or dignity of a prelate; prelacy. Milman. + +Prel"a*ty (?), n. Prelacy. [Obs.] Milton. + +Pre*lect" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Prelected; p. pr. & vb. n. +Prelecting.] [L. praelectus, p. p. of praelegere to read before. See +Pre-, and Lection.] To read publicly, as a lecture or discourse. + +Pre*lect", v. i. To discourse publicly; to lecture. + + Spitting . . . was publicly prelected upon. + + +De. Quincey. + + To prelect upon the military art. + + +Bp. Horsley. + +Pre*lec"tion (?), n. [L. praelectio.] A lecture or discourse read in +public or to a select company. "The prelections of Faber." Sir M. Hale. + +Pre*lec"tor (?), n. [L. praelector.] A reader of lectures or +discourses; a lecturer. Sheldon. + +Pre`li*ba"tion (?), n. [L. praelibatio, fr. praelibare to taste +beforehand: cf. F. prelibation.] 1. A tasting beforehand, or by +anticipation; a foretaste; as, a prelibation of heavenly bliss. + +2. A pouring out, or libation, before tasting. + +Pre*lim"i*na*ri*ly (?), adv. In a preliminary manner. + +Pre*lim"i*na*ry (?), a. [Pref. pre + L. liminaris belonging to a +threshold, fr. limen, liminis, threshold, entrance: cf. F. +prÈliminaire. Cf. Limit.] Introductory; previous; preceding the main +discourse or business; prefatory; as, preliminary observations to a +discourse or book; preliminary articles to a treaty; preliminary +measures; preliminary examinations. + +Syn. -- Introductory; preparatory; prefatory; proemial; previous; +prior; precedent; antecedent. + +Pre*lim"i*na*ry, n.; pl. Preliminaries (&?;). That which precedes the +main discourse, work, design, or business; something introductory or +preparatory; as, the preliminaries to a negotiation or duel; to take +one's preliminaries the year before entering college. + +Syn. -- Introduction; preface; prelude. + +Pre*lim"it (?), v. t. To limit previously. [R.] + +Pre*look", v. i. To look forward. [Obs.] Surrey. + +Pre"lude (?), n. [F. prÈlude (cf. It. preludio, LL. praeludium), fr. L. +prae before + ludus play. See Prelude, v. t.] An introductory +performance, preceding and preparing for the principal matter; a +preliminary part, movement, strain, etc.; especially (Mus.), a strain +introducing the theme or chief subject; a movement introductory to a +fugue, yet independent; -- with recent composers often synonymous with +overture. + + The last Georgic was a good prelude to the ∆nis + + +Addison. + + The cause is more than the prelude, the effect is more than the + sequel, of the fact. + + +Whewell. + +Syn. -- Preface; introduction; preliminary; preamble; forerunner; +harbinger; precursor. + +Pre*lude" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Preluded; p. pr. & vb. n. +Preluding.] [L. praeludere, praelusum; prae before + ludere to play: +cf. F. prÈluder. See Ludicrous.] To play an introduction or prelude; to +give a prefatory performance; to serve as prelude. + + The musicians preluded on their instruments. + + +Sir. W. Scott. + + We are preluding too largely, and must come at once to the point. + + +Jeffrey. + +Pre*lude", v. t. 1. To introduce with a previous performance; to play +or perform a prelude to; as, to prelude a concert with a lively air. + +2. To serve as prelude to; to precede as introductory. + + [Music] preluding some great tragedy. + + +Longfellow + +Pre*lud"er (?), n. One who, or that which, preludes; one who plays a +prelude. Mason. + +Pre*lud"i*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to a prelude; of the nature of a +prelude; introductory. [R.] + +Pre*lud"i*ous (?), a. Preludial. [R.] Dr. H. More. + +Pre*lum"bar (?), a. (Anat.) Situated immediately in front of the loins; +-- applied to the dorsal part of the abdomen. + +Pre*lu"sive (?), a. [See Prelude.] Of the nature of a prelude; +introductory; indicating that something of a like kind is to follow. +"Prelusive drops." Thomson. --Pre*lu"sive*ly, adv. + +Pre*lu"so*ri*ly (?), adv. In a prelusory way. + +Pre*lu"so*ry (?), a. Introductory; prelusive. Bacon. + +<! p. 1130 !> + +Pre`ma*ture" (?), a. [L. praematurus; prae before + maturus ripe. See +Mature.] 1. Mature or ripe before the proper time; as, the premature +fruits of a hotbed. + +2. Happening, arriving, existing, or performed before the proper or +usual time; adopted too soon; too early; untimely; as, a premature fall +of snow; a premature birth; a premature opinion; premature decay. + +3. Arriving or received without due authentication or evidence; as, a +premature report. + +-- Pre`ma*ture"ly, adv. -- Pre`ma*ture"ness, n. + +Pre`ma*tu"ri*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. prÈmaturitÈ.] The quality or state of +being premature; early, or untimely, ripeness; as, the prematurity of +genius. + +||Pre"max*il"la (?), n.; pl. PremaxillÊ (#). [NL. See Pre-, and +||Maxilla.] (Anat.) A bone on either side of the middle line between +||the nose and mouth, forming the anterior part of each half of the +||upper jawbone; the intermaxilla. In man the premaxillÊ become united +||and form the incisor part of the maxillary bone. + +Pre*max"il*la*ry (?), a. (Anat.) Situated in front of the maxillary +bones; pertaining to the premaxillÊ; intermaxillary. -- n. A +premaxilla. + +Pre*me"di*ate (?), v. t. To advocate. [R.] + +Pre*med"i*tate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Premeditated (-t`t?d); p. pr. & +vb. n. Premeditating.] [L. praemeditatus, p. p. of praemeditari; prae +before + meditari to meditate. See Meditate.] To think on, and revolve +in the mind, beforehand; to contrive and design previously; as, to +premeditate robbery. + + With words premeditated thus he said. + + +Dryden. + +Pre*med"i*tate, v. i. To think, consider, deliberate, or revolve in the +mind, beforehand. + +Pre*med"i*tate (?), a. [L. praemeditatus, p. p.] Premeditated; +deliberate. [Archaic] Bp. Burnet. + +Pre*med"i*tate*ly, adv. With premeditation. Burke. + +Pre*med`i*ta"tion (?), n. [L. praemeditatio: cf. F. prÈmÈditation.] The +act of meditating or contriving beforehand; previous deliberation; +forethought. + +Pre*mer"it (?), v. t. To merit or deserve beforehand. [Obs.] Eikon +Basi&?;&?;ke. + +{ Pre"mi*al (?), Pre"mi*ant (?), } a. [L. praemialis. See Premium.] +Serving to reward; rewarding. [R.] Baxter. + +Prem"i*ces (?), n. pl. [F. prÈmices, L. primitiae. See Primitia.] First +fruits. [Obs.] Dryden. + +Pre"mi*er (?), a. [F. premier, fr. L. primarius of the first rank, +principal, fr. primus the first. See Primary, Prime, a.] 1. First; +chief; principal; as, the premier place; premier minister. Camden. +Swift. + +2. Most ancient; -- said of the peer bearing the oldest title of his +degree. + +Pre"mi*er (?), n. The first minister of state; the prime minister. + +Pre"mi*er*ship, n. The office of the premier. + +Pre`mil*len"ni*al (?), a. Previous to the millennium. + +Pre"mi*ous (?), a. [L. praemiosus, fr. praemium a premium.] Rich in +gifts. [R.] Clarke. + +Prem"ise (?), n.; pl. Premises (&?;). [Written also, less properly, +premiss.] [F. prÈmisse, fr. L. praemissus, p. p. of praemittere to send +before; prae before + mittere to send. See Mission.] 1. A proposition +antecedently supposed or proved; something previously stated or assumed +as the basis of further argument; a condition; a supposition. + + The premises observed, Thy will by my performance shall be served. + + +Shak. + +2. (Logic) Either of the first two propositions of a syllogism, from +which the conclusion is drawn. + +"All sinners deserve punishment: A B is a sinner." + +These propositions, which are the premises, being true or admitted, the +conclusion follows, that A B deserves punishment. + + While the premises stand firm, it is impossible to shake the + conclusion. + + +Dr. H. More. + +3. pl. (Law) Matters previously stated or set forth; esp., that part in +the beginning of a deed, the office of which is to express the grantor +and grantee, and the land or thing granted or conveyed, and all that +precedes the habendum; the thing demised or granted. + +4. pl. A piece of real estate; a building and its adjuncts; as, to +lease premises; to trespass on another's premises. + +Pre*mise" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Premised (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Premising.] [From L. praemissus, p. p., or E. premise, n. See Premise, +n.] 1. To send before the time, or beforehand; hence, to cause to be +before something else; to employ previously. [Obs.] + + The premised flames of the last day. + + +Shak. + + If venesection and a cathartic be premised. + + +E. Darwin. + +2. To set forth beforehand, or as introductory to the main subject; to +offer previously, as something to explain or aid in understanding what +follows; especially, to lay down premises or first propositions, on +which rest the subsequent reasonings. + + I premise these particulars that the reader may know that I enter + upon it as a very ungrateful task. + + +Addison. + +Pre*mise" (?), v. i. To make a premise; to set forth something as a +premise. Swift. + +Prem"iss (?), n. Premise. Whately. I. Watts + +Pre*mit" (?), v. t. To premise. [Obs.] Donne. + +Pre"mi*um (?), n.; pl. Premiums (#). [L. praemium, originally, what one +has got before or better than others; prae before + emere to take, buy. +See Redeem.] 1. A reward or recompense; a prize to be won by being +before another, or others, in a competition; reward or prize to be +adjudged; a bounty; as, a premium for good behavior or scholarship, for +discoveries, etc. + + To think it not the necessity, but the premium and privilege of + life, to eat and sleep without any regard to glory. + + +Burke. + + The law that obliges parishes to support the poor offers a premium + for the encouragement of idleness. + + +Franklin. + +2. Something offered or given for the loan of money; bonus; -- +sometimes synonymous with interest, but generally signifying a sum in +addition to the capital. + + People were tempted to lend, by great premiums and large interest. + + +Swift. + +3. A sum of money paid to underwriters for insurance, or for +undertaking to indemnify for losses of any kind. + +4. A sum in advance of, or in addition to, the nominal or par value of +anything; as, gold was at a premium; he sold his stock at a premium. + +Pre*mo"lar (?), a. (Anat.) Situated in front of the molar teeth. -- n. +An anterior molar tooth which has replaced a deciduous molar. See +Tooth. + +Pre*mon"ish (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Premonished (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Premonishing.] [Pref. pre- + monish: cf. L. praemonere.] To forewarn; +to admonish beforehand. [R.] Herrick. + + To teach, and to premonish. + + +Bk. of Com. Prayer. + +Pre*mon"ish*ment (?), n. Previous warning or admonition; forewarning. +Sir H. Wotton. + +Pre`mo*ni"tion (?), n. [L. praemonitio. See Premonish.] Previous +warning, notice, or information; forewarning; as, a premonition of +danger. + +Pre*mon"i*tor (?), n. [L. praemonitor.] One who, or that which, gives +premonition. + +Pre*mon"i*to*ry (?), a. [L. praemonitorius.] Giving previous warning or +notice; as, premonitory symptoms of disease. -- Pre*mon"i*to*ri*ly (#), +adv. + +Pre*mon"strant (?), n. A Premonstratensian. + +Pre*mon"strate (?), v. t. [L. praemonstratus, p. p. of praemonstrare; +prae before + monstrate to show.] To show beforehand; to foreshow. [R.] +Herbert. + +Pre*mon`stra*ten"sian (?), n. [F. prÈmontrÈ, fr. PrÈmontrÈ, fr. L. +pratum monstratum.] (R. C. Ch.) One of a religious order of regular +canons founded by St. Norbert at PrÈmontrÈ, in France, in 1119. The +members of the order are called also White Canons, Norbertines, and +Premonstrants. + +Pre`mon*stra"tion (?), n. [L. praemonstratio.] A showing beforehand; +foreshowing. + +Pre*mon"stra*tor (?), n. [L. praemonstrator.] One who, or that which, +premonstrates. [R.] + +Pre*morse" (?), a. [L. praemorsus, p. p. of praemordere to bite off; +prae before + mordere to bite.] Terminated abruptly, or as it bitten +off. + +Premorse root or leaves (Bot.), such as have an abrupt, ragged, and +irregular termination, as if bitten off short. + +Pre`mo*sa"ic (?), a. Relating to the time before Moses; as, premosaic +history. + +Pre*mo"tion (?), n. [Pref. pre- + motion.] Previous motion or +excitement to action. + +Prem`u*ni"re (?), n. (Law) See PrÊmunire. + +Prem`u*nite" (?), v. t. [L. praemunitus, p. p. of praemunire to fortify +in front; prae before + munire to fortify.] To fortify beforehand; to +guard against objection. [Obs.] Fotherby. + +Pre`mu*ni"tion (?), n. [L. praemunitio: cf. F. prÈmunition.] The act of +fortifying or guarding against objections. [Obs.] + +Pre*mu"ni*to*ry (?), a. Of or pertaining to a premunire; as, a +premunitory process. + +Pre*na"sal (?), a. (Anat.) Situated in front of the nose, or in front +of the nasal chambers. + +Pre*na"tal (?), a. Being or happening before birth. + +Pren"der (?), n. [F. prendre to take, fr. L. prehendere to take.] (Law) +The power or right of taking a thing before it is offered. Burrill. + +Pre*no"men (?), n. See PrÊnomen. + +Pre*nom"i*nal (?), a. Serving as a prefix in a compound name. Sir T. +Browne. + +Pre*nom"i*nate (?), a. [L. praenominatus, p. p. of praenominare to give +the prenomen to, to prenominate, fr. praenomen prenomen.] Forenamed; +named beforehand. [R.] "Prenominate crimes." Shak. + +Pre*nom"i*nate (?), v. t. To forename; to name beforehand; to tell by +name beforehand. Shak. + +Pre*nom`i*na*tion (?), n. The act of prenominating; privilege of being +named first. Sir T. Browne. + +Pre*nos"tic (?), n. [L. praenoscere to foreknow; prae before + noscere, +notum, to know.] A prognostic; an omen. [Obs.] Gower. + +Pre*note" (?), v. t. [L. praenotare; prae before + notare to note.] To +note or designate beforehand. Foxe. + +Pre*no"tion (?), n. [L. praenotio: cf. F. prÈnotion. See Prenostic.] A +notice or notion which precedes something else in time; previous notion +or thought; foreknowledge. Bacon. + +Pren*sa"tion (?), n. [L. prensatio, from prensare, prehensare, v. freq. +from prehendere to seize.] The act of seizing with violence. [Obs.] +Barrow . + +Pren"tice (?), n. [Aphetic form of apprentice.] An apprentice. [Obs. or +Colloq.] Piers Plowman. "My accuser is my prentice." Shak. + +Pren"tice*hood (&?;), n. Apprenticehood. [Obs.] + + This jolly prentice with his master bode Till he was out nigh of + his prenticehood. + + +Chaucer. + +Pren"tice*ship, n. Apprenticeship. [Obs. or Colloq.] + + He served a prenticeship who sets up shop. + + +Pope. + +Pre*nun`ci*a"tion (?), n. [L. praenunciatio, fr. praenunciare to +announce beforehand. See Pre-, and Announce.] The act of announcing or +proclaiming beforehand. [Obs.] + +Pre*nun"cious (?), a. [L. praenuncius.] Announcing beforehand; +presaging. [Obs.] Blount. + +||Pre*ob`lon*ga"ta (?), n. [NL. See Pre-, and Oblongata.] (Anat.) The +||anterior part of the medulla oblongata. B. G. Wilder. + +Pre`ob*tain" (?), v. t. To obtain beforehand. + +Pre*oc"cu*pan*cy (?), n. [See Preoccupate.] The act or right of taking +possession before another; as, the preoccupancy of wild land. + +Pre*oc"cu*pate (?), v. t. [L. praeoccupatus, p. p. of praeoccupare to +preoccupy. See Preoccupy.] + +1. To anticipate; to take before. [Obs.] "Fear preoccupateth it +[death]." Bacon. + +2. To prepossess; to prejudice. [Obs.] Sir H. Wotton. + +Pre*oc`cu*pa"tion (?), n. [L. praeoccupatio: cf. F. prÈoccupation.] 1. +The act of preoccupying, or taking possession of beforehand; the state +of being preoccupied; prepossession. + +2. Anticipation of objections. [R.] South. + +Pre*oc"cu*py (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Preoccupied (-pd); p. pr. & vb. +n. Preoccupying (?).] [Cf. F. prÈoccuper. See Preoccupate, Occupy.] 1. +To take possession of before another; as, to preoccupy a country not +before held. + +2. To prepossess; to engage, occupy, or engross the attention of, +beforehand; hence, to prejudice. + + I Think it more respectful to the reader to leave something to + reflections than to preoccupy his judgment. + + +Arbuthnot. + +Pre*oc"u*lar (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Placed just in front of the eyes, as the +antennÊ of certain insects. -- n. One of the scales just in front of +the eye of a reptile or fish. + +Pre*om"i*nate (?), v. t. To ominate beforehand; to portend. [Obs.] Sir +T. Browne. + +Pre`o*per"cu*lar (?), a. (Anat.) Situated in front of the operculum; +pertaining to the preoperculum. -- n. The preoperculum. + +||Pre`o*per"cu*lum (?), n. [NL.] (Anat.) The anterior opercular bone in +||fishes. + +Pre`o*pin"ion (?), n. Opinion previously formed; prepossession; +prejudice. Sir T. Browne. + +Pre*op"tion (?), n. Right of first choice. + +Pre*o"ral (?), a. (Anat.) Situated in front of, or anterior to, the +mouth; as, preoral bands. + +Pre*or"bit*al (?), a. (Anat.) Situated in front or the orbit. + +Pre`or*dain" (?), v. t. [Pref. pre + ordain: cf. L. praeordinare.] To +ordain or appoint beforehand: to predetermine: to foreordain. Milton. + +Pre*or"der (?), v. t. To order to arrange beforehand; to foreordain. +Sir W. Hamilton. + +Pre*or"di*nance (?), n. Antecedent decree or determination. Shak. + +Pre*or"di*nate (?), a. [L. praeordinatus, p. p. See Preordain.] +Preordained. [R.] Sir T. Elyot. + +Pre*or`di*na"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. prÈordination.] The act of +foreordaining: previous determination. "The preordination of God." +Bale. + +Pre*par"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being prepared. "Medicine preparable +by art." Boyle. + +Prep`a*ra"tion (?), n. [F. prÈparation, L. praeparatio. See Prepare.] + +1. The act of preparing or fitting beforehand for a particular purpose, +use, service, or condition; previous arrangement or adaptation; a +making ready; as, the preparation of land for a crop of wheat; the +preparation of troops for a campaign. + +2. The state of being prepared or made ready; preparedness; readiness; +fitness; as, a nation in good preparation for war. + +3. That which makes ready, prepares the way, or introduces; a +preparatory act or measure. + + I will show what preparations there were in nature for this + dissolution. + + +T. Burnet. + +4. That which is prepared, made, or compounded by a certain process or +for a particular purpose; a combination. Specifically: (a) Any +medicinal substance fitted for use. (b) Anything treated for +preservation or examination as a specimen. (c) Something prepared for +use in cookery. + + I wish the chemists had been more sparing who magnify their + preparations. + + +Sir T. Browne. + + In the preparations of cookery, the most volatile parts of + vegetables are destroyed. + + +Arbuthnot. + +5. An army or fleet. [Obs.] Shak. + +6. (Mus.) The holding over of a note from one chord into the next +chord, where it forms a temporary discord, until resolved in the chord +that follows; the anticipation of a discordant note in the preceding +concord, so that the ear is prepared for the shock. See Suspension. + +7. Accomplishment; qualification. [Obs.] Shak. + +Pre*par"a*tive (?), a. [Cf. F. prÈparatif.] Tending to prepare or make +ready; having the power of preparing, qualifying, or fitting; +preparatory. + + Laborious quest of knowledge preparative to this work. + + +South. + +Pre*par"a*tive, n. + +1. That which has the power of preparing, or previously fitting for a +purpose; that which prepares. "A preparative unto sermons." Hooker. + +2. That which is done in the way of preparation. "Necessary +preparatives for our voyage." Dryden. + +Pre*par"a*tive*ly, adv. By way of preparation. + +Pre*par"a*tor (?), n. [L. praeparator.] One who prepares beforehand, as +subjects for dissection, specimens for preservation in collections, +etc. Agassiz. + +Pre*par"a*to*ry (?), a. [L. praeparatorius: cf. F. prÈparatoire.] +Preparing the way for anything by previous measures of adaptation; +antecedent and adapted to what follows; introductory; preparative; as, +a preparatory school; a preparatory condition. + +Pre*pare" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Prepare&?; (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Preparing.] [F. prÈparer, L. praeparare; prae before + parare to make +ready. See Pare.] + +1. To fit, adapt, or qualify for a particular purpose or condition; to +make ready; to put into a state for use or application; as, to prepare +ground for seed; to prepare a lesson. + + Our souls, not yet prepared for upper light. + + +Dryden. + +2. To procure as suitable or necessary; to get ready; to provide; as, +to prepare ammunition and provisions for troops; to prepare ships for +defence; to prepare an entertainment. Milton. + + That they may prepare a city for habitation. + + +Ps. cvii. 36 + +Syn. -- To fit; adjust; adapt; qualify; equip; provide; form; make; +make; ready. + +<! p. 1131 !> + +Pre*pare" (&?;), v. i. 1. To make all things ready; to put things in +order; as, to prepare for a hostile invasion. "Bid them prepare for +dinner." Shak. + +2. To make one's self ready; to get ready; to take the necessary +previous measures; as, to prepare for death. + +Pre*pare", n. Preparation. [Obs.] Shak. + +Pre*pared" (?), a. Made fit or suitable; adapted; ready; as, prepared +food; prepared questions. -- Pre*par"ed*ly (#), adv. Shak. -- +Pre*par"ed*ness, n. + +Pre*par"er (?), n. One who, or that which, prepares, fits, or makes +ready. Wood. + +Pre*pay" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Prepaid (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Prepaying.] To pay in advance, or beforehand; as, to prepay postage. + +Pre*pay"ment (?), n. Payment in advance. + +Pre*pe"ni*al (?), a. (Anat.) Situated in front of, or anterior to, the +penis. + +Pre*pense" (?), v. t. [Pref. pre + F. penser to think. See Pansy.] To +weigh or consider beforehand; to premeditate. [Obs.] Spenser. Sir T. +Elyot. + +Pre*pense", v. i. To deliberate beforehand. [Obs.] + +Pre*pense", a. [See Pansy, and cf. Prepense, v. t.] Devised, contrived, +or planned beforehand; preconceived; premeditated; aforethought; -- +usually placed after the word it qualifies; as, malice prepense. + + This has not arisen from any misrepresentation or error prepense. + + +Southey. + +Pre*pense"ly, adv. In a premeditated manner. + +{ Pre*pol"lence (?), Pre*pol"len*cy (?), } n. [L. praepollentia.] The +quality or state of being prepollent; superiority of power; +predominance; prevalence. [R.] Coventry. + +Pre*pol"lent (?), a. [L. praepollens, p. p. of praepollere to surpass +in power; prae before + pollere to be powerful.] Having superior +influence or power; prevailing; predominant. [R.] Boyle. + +||Pre*pol"lent (?), n.; pl. Prepollices (#). [NL. See Pre-, Pollex.] +||(Anat.) An extra first digit, or rudiment of a digit, on the preaxial +||side of the pollex. + +Pre*pon"der (?) v. t. To preponderate. [Obs.] + +{ Pre*pon"der*ance (?), Pre*pon"der*an*cy (?), } n. [Cf. F. +prÈpondÈrance.] 1. The quality or state of being preponderant; +superiority or excess of weight, influence, or power, etc.; an +outweighing. + + The mind should . . . reject or receive proportionably to the + preponderancy of the greater grounds of probability. + + +Locke. + + In a few weeks he had changed the relative position of all the + states in Europe, and had restored the equilibrium which the + preponderance of one power had destroyed. + + +Macaulay. + +2. (Gun.) The excess of weight of that part of a canon behind the +trunnions over that in front of them. + +Pre*pon"der*ant (?), a. [L. praeponderans, -antis: cf. F. prÈpondÈrant. +See Preponderate.] Preponderating; outweighing; overbalancing; -- used +literally and figuratively; as, a preponderant weight; of preponderant +importance. -- Pre*pon"der*ant*ly, adv. + +Pre*pon"der*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Preponderated (?); p. pr. & +vb. n. Preponderating.] [L. praeponderatus, p. p. of praeponderare; +prae before + ponderare to weigh, fr., pondus, ponderis, a weight. See +Ponder.] 1. To outweigh; to overpower by weight; to exceed in weight; +to overbalance. + + An inconsiderable weight, by distance from the center of the + balance, will preponderate greater magnitudes. + + +Glanvill. + +2. To overpower by stronger or moral power. + +3. To cause to prefer; to incline; to decide. [Obs.] + + The desire to spare Christian blood preponderates him for peace. + + +Fuller. + +Pre*pon"der*ate, v. i. To exceed in weight; hence, to incline or +descend, as the scale of a balance; figuratively, to exceed in +influence, power, etc.; hence; to incline to one side; as, the +affirmative side preponderated. + + That is no just balance in which the heaviest side will not + preponderate. + + +Bp. Wilkins. + +Pre*pon"der*a`ting*ly (?), adv. In a preponderating manner; +preponderantly. + +Pre*pon`der*a"tion (?), n. [L. praeponderatio.] The act or state of +preponderating; preponderance; as, a preponderation of reasons. I. +Watts. + +Pre*pose" (?), v. t. [F. prÈposer; pref. prÈ- (L. prae before) + poser. +See Pose.] To place or set before; to prefix. [Obs.] Fuller. + +Prep`o*si"tion (?), n. [L. praepositio, fr. praeponere to place before; +prae before + ponere to put, place: cf. F. prÈposition. See Position, +and cf. Provost.] + +1. (Gram.) A word employed to connect a noun or a pronoun, in an +adjectival or adverbial sense, with some other word; a particle used +with a noun or pronoun (in English always in the objective case) to +make a phrase limiting some other word; -- so called because usually +placed before the word with which it is phrased; as, a bridge of iron; +he comes from town; it is good for food; he escaped by running. + +2. A proposition; an exposition; a discourse. [Obs.] + + He made a long preposition and oration. + + +Fabyan. + +Prep`o*si"tion*al (?), a. [Cf. F. prÈpositionnel.] Of or pertaining to +a preposition; of the nature of a preposition. Early. -- +Prep`o*si"tion*al*ly, adv. + +Pre*pos"i*tive (?), a. [L. praepositivus: cf. F. prÈpositif.] (Gram.) +Put before; prefixed; as, a prepositive particle. -- n. A prepositive +word. Tooke. + +||Pre*pos"i*tor (?), n. [NL.] A scholar appointed to inspect other +||scholars; a monitor. Todd. + +Pre*pos"i*ture (?), n. [L. praepositura. See Preposition, and cf. +Provost.] The office or dignity of a provost; a provostship. Lowth. + +Pre`pos*sess" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Prepossessed (?); p. pr. & vb. +n. Prepossessing.] + +1. To preoccupy, as ground or land; to take previous possession of. +Dryden. + +2. To preoccupy, as the mind or heart, so as to preclude other things; +hence, to bias or prejudice; to give a previous inclination to, for or +against anything; esp., to induce a favorable opinion beforehand, or at +the outset. + + It created him enemies, and prepossessed the lord general. + + +Evelyn. + +Pre`pos*sess"ing (?), a. Tending to invite favor; attracting +confidence, favor, esteem, or love; attractive; as, a prepossessing +manner. -- Pre`pos*sess"ing*ly, adv. + +Pre`pos*ses"sion (?), n. + +1. Preoccupation; prior possession. Hammond. + +2. Preoccupation of the mind by an opinion, or impression, already +formed; preconceived opinion; previous impression; bias; -- generally, +but not always, used in a favorable sense; as, the prepossessions of +childhood. "The prejudices and prepossessions of the country." Sir W. +Scott. + +Syn. -- Bent; bias; inclination; preoccupancy; prejudgment. See Bent. + +Pre`*pos*sess"or (?), n. One who possesses, or occupies, previously. R. +Brady. + +Pre*pos"ter*ous (?), a.[L. praeposterus; prae before + posterus coming +after, latter. See Posterior.] + +1. Having that first which ought to be last; inverted in order. [Obs.] + + The method I take may be censured as preposterous, because I thus + treat last of the antediluvian earth, which was first in the order + of nature. + + +Woodward. + +2. Contrary to nature or reason; not adapted to the end; utterly and +glaringly foolish; unreasonably absurd; perverted. "Most preposterous +conclusions." Shak. + + Preposterous ass, that never read so far! + + +Shak. + +Syn. -- Absurd; perverted; wrong; irrational; foolish; monstrous. See +Absurd. + +-- Pre*pos"ter*ous*ly, adv. - Pre*pos"ter*ous*ness, n. + +Pre*pos"tor (?), n. See Prepositor. + +Pre*po"ten*cy (?), n. [L. praepotentia: cf. F. prÈpotence.] + +1. The quality or condition of being prepotent; predominance. [Obs.] +Sir T. Browne. + +2. (Biol.) The capacity, on the part of one of the parents, as compared +with the other, to transmit more than his or her own share of +characteristics to their offspring. + +Pre*po"tent (?), a. [L. praepotens. See Pre-, and Potent.] + +1. Very powerful; superior in force, influence, or authority; +predominant. Plaifere. + +2. (Biol.) Characterized by prepotency. Darwin. + +Pre`pro*vide" (?), v. t. To provide beforehand. "The materials +preprovided." Fuller. + +Pre*pu"bic (?), a. (Anat.) Situated in front of, or anterior to, the +pubis; pertaining to the prepubis. + +||Pre*pu"bis (?), n. [NL. See Pre- , and Pubis.] (Anat.)A bone or +||cartilage, of some animals, situated in the middle line in front of +||the pubic bones. + +Pre"puce (?), n. [F. prÈpuce, L. praeputium.] (Anat.) The foreskin. + +Pre*pu"tial (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the prepuce. + +{ Pre*raph"a*el*ism (?), Pre*raph"a*el*i`tism (?), } n. (Fine Arts) The +doctrine or practice of a school of modern painters who profess to be +followers of the painters before Raphael. Its adherents advocate +careful study from nature, delicacy and minuteness of workmanship, and +an exalted and delicate conception of the subject. + +Pre*raph"a*el*ite (?), a. Of or pertaining to the style called +preraphaelitism; as, a preraphaelite figure; a preraphaelite landscape. +Ruskin. + +Pre*raph"a*el*ite, n. One who favors or practices art as it was before +Raphael; one who favors or advocates preraphaelitism. + +Pre*reg"nant (?), n. One who reigns before another; a sovereign +predecessor. [R.] Warner. + +Pre`re*mote (?), a. More remote in previous time or prior order. + + In some cases two more links of causation may be introduced; one of + them may be termed the preremote cause, the other the postremote + effect. + + +E. Darwin. + +Pre`re*quire" (?), v. t. To require beforehand. + + Some things are prerequired of us. + + +Bp. Hall. + +Pre*req"ui*site (?), a. Previously required; necessary as a preliminary +to any proposed effect or end; as, prerequisite conditions of success. + +Pre*req"ui*site, n. Something previously required, or necessary to an +end or effect proposed. + + The necessary prerequisites of freedom. + + +Goldsmith. + +Pre`re*solve" (?), v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Preresolved (?); p. pr. & +vb. n. Preresolving.] To resolve beforehand; to predetermine. Sir E. +Dering. + +Pre*rog"a*tive (?), n. [F. prÈrogative, from L. praerogativa precedence +in voting, preference, privilege, fr. praerogativus that is asked +before others for his opinion, that votes before or first, fr. +praerogare to ask before another; prae before + rogare to ask. See +Rogation.] + +1. An exclusive or peculiar privilege; prior and indefeasible right; +fundamental and essential possession; -- used generally of an official +and hereditary right which may be asserted without question, and for +the exercise of which there is no responsibility or accountability as +to the fact and the manner of its exercise. + + The two faculties that are the prerogative of man -- the powers of + abstraction and imagination. + + +I. Taylor. + + An unconstitutional exercise of his prerogative. + + +Macaulay. + +2. Precedence; preÎminence; first rank. [Obs.] + + Then give me leave to have prerogative. + + +Shak. + +The term came into general use in the conflicts between the Crown and +Parliaments of Great Britain, especially in the time of the Stuarts. + +Prerogative Court (Eng. Law), a court which formerly had authority in +the matter of wills and administrations, where the deceased left bona +notabilia, or effects of the value of five pounds, in two or more +different dioceses. Blackstone. -- Prerogative office, the office in +which wills proved in the Prerogative Court were registered. + +Syn. -- Privilege; right. See Privilege. + +Pre*rog"a*tived (?), a. Endowed with a prerogative, or exclusive +privilege. [R.] Shak. + +Pre*rog"a*tive*ly (?), adv. By prerogative. + +Pre"sage (?), n. [F. prÈsage, L. praesagium, from praesagire. See +Presage, v. t. ] + +1. Something which foreshows or portends a future event; a prognostic; +an omen; an augury. "Joy and shout - - presage of victory." Milton. + +2. Power to look the future, or the exercise of that power; +foreknowledge; presentiment. + + If there be aught of presage in the mind. + + +Milton. + +Syn. -- Prognostic; omen; token; sign; presentiment. + +Pre*sage" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Presaged (-sjd"); p. pr. & vb. n. +Presaging. ] [F. prÈsager, L. praesagire: prae before + sagire to +perceive acutely or sharply. See Sagacious.] + +1. To have a presentiment of; to feel beforehand; to foreknow. + +2. To foretell; to predict; to foreshow; to indicate. + + My dreams presage some joyful news at hand. + + +Shak. + +Pre*sage", v. i. To form or utter a prediction; -- sometimes used with +of. Dryden. + +Pre*sage"ful (?), a. Full of presages; ominous. + + Dark in the glass of some presageful mood. + + +Tennyson. + +Pre*sage"ment (?), n. + +1. The act or art of presaging; a foreboding. [R.] Sir T. Browne. + +2. That which is presaged, or foretold. [R.] "Ominous presagement +before his end. " Sir H. Wotton. + +Pre*sa"ger (?), n. One who, or that which, presages; a foreteller; a +foreboder. Shak. + +Pre*sa"gious (?), a. Foreboding; ominous. [Obs.] + +Pres"by*ope (?), n. (Med.) One who has presbyopia; a farsighted person. + +||Pres`by*o"pi*a (?) [NL., from Gr. &?; old, n., an old man + &?;, &?;, +||the eye.] (Med.) A defect of vision consequent upon advancing age. It +||is due to rigidity of the crystalline lens, which produces difficulty +||of accommodation and recession of the near point of vision, so that +||objects very near the eyes can not be seen distinctly without the use +||of convex glasses. Called also presbytia. + +Pres`by*op"ic (?), a. Affected by presbyopia; also, remedying +presbyopia; farsighted. + +Pres"by*o`py (?), n. [Cf. F. presbyopie.] See Presbyopia. + +Pres"byte (?), n. [Gr. &?; an old man.] Same as Presbyope. + +Pres"by*ter (?), n. [L. an elder, fr. Gr. &?;. See Priest.] + +1. An elder in the early Christian church. See 2d Citation under +Bishop, n., 1. + +2. (Ch. of Eng. & Prot. Epis. Ch.) One ordained to the second order in +the ministry; -- called also priest. + + I rather term the one sort presbyter than priest. + + +Hooker. + + New presbyter is but old priest writ large. + + +Milton. + +3. (Presbyterian Ch.) A member of a presbytery whether lay or clerical. + +4. A Presbyterian. [Obs.] Hudibras. + +Pres*byt"er*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to a presbyter or presbytery; +presbyterial. + +Pres*byt"er*ate (?), n. [L. presbyteratus: cf. F. presbytÈrat.] A +presbytery; also, presbytership. Heber. + +Pres"by*ter*ess, n. A female presbyter. Bale. + +Pres`by*te"ri*al (?), a. [Cf. F. presbytÈral.] Presbyterian. +"Presbyterial government." Milton. + +Pres`by*te"ri*an (?), a. [Cf. F. presbytÈrien.] Of or pertaining to a +presbyter, or to ecclesiastical government by presbyters; relating to +those who uphold church government by presbyters; also, to the +doctrine, discipline, and worship of a communion so governed. + +Pres`by*te"ri*an, n. [Cf. F. presbytÈrien.] One who maintains the +validity of ordination and government by presbyters; a member of the +Presbyterian church. + +Reformed Presbyterians. See Cameronian. + +Pres`by*te"ri*an*ism (?), n. [Cf. F. presbytÈrianisme.] That form of +church government which invests presbyters with all spiritual power, +and admits no prelates over them; also, the faith and polity of the +Presbyterian churches, taken collectively. + +||Pres`by*te"ri*um (?), n. [L.] (Arch.) Same as Presbytery, 4. + +Pres"by*ter*ship (?), n. The office or station of a presbyter; +presbyterate. + +Pres"by*ter*y (?), n.; pl. Presbyteries (#). [L. presbyterium, Gr. &?;. +See Presbyter, and cf. Presbyterium.] + +1. A body of elders in the early Christian church. + +2. (Presbyterian Ch.) A judicatory consisting of all the ministers +within a certain district, and one layman, who is a ruling elder, from +each parish or church, commissioned to represent the church in +conjunction with the pastor. This body has a general jurisdiction over +the churches under its care, and next below the provincial synod in +authority. + +3. The Presbyterian religion of polity. [R.] Tatler. + +4. (a) (Arch.) That part of the church reserved for the officiating +priest. (b) The residence of a priest or clergyman. Gwilt. + +||Pres*byt"i*a (?), n. [NL. See Presbyte.] (Med.) Presbyopia. + +Pres*byt"ic (?), a. (Med.) Same as Presbyopic. + +Pres"byt*ism (?), n. Presbyopia. + +||Pre*scap"u*la (?), n. [NL.] (Anat.) The part of the scapula in front +||of, or above, the spine, or mesoscapula. + +Pre*scap"u*lar (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the prescapula; +supraspinous. + +Pre"sci*ence (pr"sh*ens or - shens; 277), n. [F. prescience, L. +praescientia. See Prescient.] Knowledge of events before they take +place; foresight. + + God's certain prescience of the volitions of moral agents. + + +J. Edwards. + +<! p. 1132 !> + +Pre"sci*ent (pr"sh*ent or - shent), a. [L. praesciens, - entis, p. pr. +of praescire to foreknow; prae before + scire to know: cf. F. +prescient. See Science.] Having knowledge of coming events; foreseeing; +conscious beforehand. Pope. + + Henry . . . had shown himself sensible, and almost prescient, of + this event. + + +Bacon. + +Pre"sci*ent*ly, adv. With prescience or foresight. + +Pre*scind" (pr*snd"), v. t. [L. praescindere to cut off in front; prae +before + scindere to cut asunder: cf. F. prescinder.] + +1. To cut off; to abstract. [Obs.] Norris. + +2. (Metaph.) To consider by a separate act of attention or analysis. +Sir W. Hamilton. + +Pre*scind"ent (?), a. [L. praescius; prae before + scius knowing, fr. +scire to know.] Cutting off; abstracting. [R.] Cheyne. + +Pre"scious (pr"shs), a. [L. praescius; prae before + scius knowing, fr. +scire to know.] Foreknowing; having foreknowledge; as, prescious of +ills. [R.] Dryden. + +Pre*scribe" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Prescribed (?); p. pr & vb. n. +Prescribing.] [L. praescribere, praescriptum; prae before + scriebe to +write. See Scribe.] + +1. To lay down authoritatively as a guide, direction, or rule of +action; to impose as a peremptory order; to dictate; to appoint; to +direct. + + Prescribe not us our duties. + + +Shak. + + Let streams prescribe their fountains where to run. + + +Dryden. + +2. (Med.) To direct, as a remedy to be used by a patient; as, the +doctor prescribed quinine. + +Syn. -- To appoint; order; command; dictate; ordain; institute; +establish. + +Pre*scribe", v. i. 1. To give directions; to dictate. + + A forwardness to prescribe to their opinions. + + +Locke. + +2. To influence by long use [Obs.] Sir T. Browne. + +3. (Med.) To write or to give medical directions; to indicate remedies; +as, to prescribe for a patient in a fever. + +4. (Law) To claim by prescription; to claim a title to a thing on the +ground of immemorial use and enjoyment, that is, by a custom having the +force of law. + +Pre*scrib"er (?), n. One who prescribes. + +Pre"script (?), a. [L. praescriptus, p. p. of praescribere: cf. F. +prescrit. See Prescribe.] Directed; prescribed. " A prescript from of +words." Jer. Taylor. + +Pre"script, n. [L. praescriptum: cf. OF. prescript.] + +1. Direction; precept; model prescribed. Milton. + +2. A medical prescription. [Obs.] Bp. Fell. + +Pre*scrip`ti*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being +prescriptible. Story. + +Pre*scrip"ti*ble (pr*skrp"t*b'l), a. [Cf. F. prescriptible.] Depending +on, or derived from, prescription; proper to be prescribed. Grafton. + +Pre*scrip"tion (-shn), n. [F. prescription, L. praescriptio, an +inscription, preface, precept, demurrer, prescription (in sense 3), fr. +praescribere. See Prescribe.] + +1. The act of prescribing, directing, or dictating; direction; precept; +also, that which is prescribed. + +2. (Med.) A direction of a remedy or of remedies for a disease, and the +manner of using them; a medical recipe; also, a prescribed remedy. + +3. (Law) A prescribing for title; the claim of title to a thing by +virtue of immemorial use and enjoyment; the right or title acquired by +possession had during the time and in the manner fixed by law. Bacon. + + That profound reverence for law and prescription which has long + been characteristic of Englishmen. + + +Macaulay. + +Prescription differs from custom, which is a local usage, while +prescription is personal, annexed to the person only. Prescription only +extends to incorporeal rights, such as aright of way, or of common. +What the law gives of common rights is not the subject of prescription. +Blackstone. Cruise. Kent. In Scotch law, prescription is employed in +the sense in which limitation is used in England and America, namely, +to express that operation of the lapse of time by which obligations are +extinguished or title protected. Sir T. Craig. Erskine. + +Pre*scrip"tive (?), a. [L. praescriptivus of a demurrer or legal +exception.] (Law) Consisting in, or acquired by, immemorial or +long-continued use and enjoyment; as, a prescriptive right of title; +pleading the continuance and authority of long custom. + + The right to be drowsy in protracted toil has become prescriptive. + + +J. M. Mason. + +Pre*scrip"tive*ly, adv. By prescription. + +||Pre*scu"tum (?), n.; pl. Prescuta (&?;). [NL. See PrÊ-, and Scutum.] +||(Zoˆl.) The first of the four pieces composing the dorsal part, or +||tergum, of a thoracic segment of an insect. It is usually small and +||inconspicuous. + +Pre"se*ance (?), n. [F. prÈsÈance. See Preside.] Priority of place in +sitting.[Obs.] Carew. + +Pre`se*lect" (?), v. t. To select beforehand. + +Pres"ence (?), n. [F. prÈsence, L. praesentia. See Present.] 1. The +state of being present, or of being within sight or call, or at hand; +-- opposed to absence. + +2. The place in which one is present; the part of space within one's +ken, call, influence, etc.; neighborhood without the intervention of +anything that forbids intercourse. + + Wrath shell be no more Thenceforth, but in thy presence joy entire. + + +Milton. + +3. Specifically, neighborhood to the person of one of superior of +exalted rank; also, presence chamber. + + In such a presence here to plead my thoughts. + + +Shak. + + An't please your grace, the two great cardinals. Wait in the + presence. + + +Shak. + +4. The whole of the personal qualities of an individual; person; +personality; especially, the person of a superior, as a sovereign. + + The Sovran Presence thus replied. + + +Milton. + +5. An assembly, especially of person of rank or nobility; noble +company. + + Odmar, of all this presence does contain, Give her your wreath whom + you esteem most fair. + + +Dryden. + +6. Port, mien; air; personal appearence. "Rather dignity of presence +than beauty of aspect." Bacon. + + A graceful presence bespeaks acceptance. + + +Collier. + +Presence chamber, or Presence room, the room in which a great personage +receives company. Addison. " Chambers of presence." Bacon. -- Presence +of mind, that state of the mind in which all its faculties are alert, +prompt, and acting harmoniously in obedience to the will, enabling one +to reach, as it were spontaneously or by intuition, just conclusions in +sudden emergencies. + +Pre`sen*sa"tion (?), n. Previous sensation, notion, or idea. [Obs.] Dr. +H. More. + +Pre*sen"sion (?), n. [L. praesensio, fr. praesentire to perceive +beforehand. See Presentient.] Previous perception. [Obs.] Sir T. +Browne. + +Pres"ent (?), a. [F. prÈsent, L. praesens,-entis, that is before one, +in sight or at hand, p. p. of praeesse to be before; prae before + esse +to be. See Essence.] + +1. Being at hand, within reach or call, within certain contemplated +limits; -- opposed to absent. + + These things have I spoken unto you, being yet present with you. + + +John xiv. 25. + +2. Now existing, or in process; begun but not ended; now in view, or +under consideration; being at this time; not past or future; as, the +present session of Congress; the present state of affairs; the present +instance. + + I'll bring thee to the present business + + +Shak. + +3. Not delayed; immediate; instant; coincident. "A present recompense." +"A present pardon." Shak. + + An ambassador . . . desires a present audience. + + +Massinger. + +4. Ready; quick in emergency; as a present wit. [R.] + +5. Favorably attentive; propitious. [Archaic] + + To find a god so present to my prayer. + + +Dryden. + +Present tense (Gram.), the tense or form of a verb which expresses +action or being in the present time; as, I am writing, I write, or I do +write. + +Pres"ent, n. [Cf. F. prÈsent. See Present, a.] 1. Present time; the +time being; time in progress now, or at the moment contemplated; as, at +this present. + + Past and present, wound in one. + + +Tennyson. + +2. pl. (Law) Present letters or instrument, as a deed of conveyance, a +lease, letter of attorney, or other writing; as in the phrase, " Know +all men by these presents," that is, by the writing itself, " per has +literas praesentes; " -- in this sense, rarely used in the singular. + +3. (Gram.) A present tense, or the form of the verb denoting the +present tense. + +At present, at the present time; now. -- For the present, for the tine +being; temporarily. -- In present, at once, without delay. [Obs.] "With +them, in present, half his kingdom; the rest to follow at his death." +Milton. + +Pre*sent" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Presented; p. pr. & vb. n. +Presenting.] [F. prÈsenter, L. praesentare, fr. praesens, a. See +Present, a.] 1. To bring or introduce into the presence of some one, +especially of a superior; to introduce formally; to offer for +acquaintance; as, to present an envoy to the king; (with the reciprocal +pronoun) to come into the presence of a superior. + + Now there was a day when the sons of God came to present themselves + before the lord. + + +Job i. 6 + +2. To exhibit or offer to view or notice; to lay before one's +perception or cognizance; to set forth; to present a fine appearance. + + Lectorides's memory is ever . . . presenting him with the thoughts + of other persons. + + +I. Watts. + +3. To pass over, esp. in a ceremonious manner; to give in charge or +possession; to deliver; to make over. + + So ladies in romance assist their knight, Present the spear, and + arm him for the fight. + + +Pope. + +4. To make a gift of; to bestow; to give, generally in a formal or +ceremonious manner; to grant; to confer. + + My last, least offering, I present thee now. + + +Cowper. + +5. Hence: To endow; to bestow a gift upon; to favor, as with a +donation; also, to court by gifts. + + Octavia presented the poet for him admirable elegy on her son + Marcellus. + + +Dryden. + +6. To present; to personate. [Obs.] Shak. + +7. In specific uses; (a) To nominate to an ecclesiastical benefice; to +offer to the bishop or ordinary as a candidate for institution. + + The patron of a church may present his clerk to a parsonage or + vicarage; that is, may offer him to the bishop of the diocese to be + instituted. + + +Blackstone. + +(b) To nominate for support at a public school or other institution . +Lamb. (c) To lay before a public body, or an official, for +consideration, as before a legislature, a court of judicature, a +corporation, etc.; as, to present a memorial, petition, remonstrance, +or indictment. (d) To lay before a court as an object of inquiry; to +give notice officially of, as a crime of offence; to find or represent +judicially; as, a grand jury present certain offenses or nuisances, or +whatever they think to be public injuries. (e) To bring an indictment +against . [U.S] (f) To aim, point, or direct, as a weapon; as, to +present a pistol or the point of a sword to the breast of another. + +Pesent arms (Mil.), the command in response to which the gun is carried +perpendicularly in front of the center of the body, and held there with +the left hand grasping it at the lower band, and the right hand +grasping the small of the stock, in token of respect, as in saluting a +superior officer; also, the position taken at such a command. + +Pre*sent", v. i. (Med.) To appear at the mouth of the uterus so as to +be perceptible to the finger in vaginal examination; -- said of a part +of an infant during labor. + +Pres"ent (?), n. [F. prÈsent .] Anything presented or given; a gift; a +donative; as, a Christmas present. + +Syn. -- Gift; donation; donative; benefaction. See Gift. + +Pre*sent" (?), n. (Mil.) The position of a soldier in presenting arms; +as, to stand at present. + +Pre*sent"a*ble (?), a. [Cf. F. prÈsentable.] 1. Capable or admitting of +being presented; suitable to be exhibited, represented, or offered; fit +to be brought forward or set forth; hence, fitted to be introduced to +another, or to go into society; as, ideas that are presentable in +simple language; she is not presentable in such a gown. + +2. Admitting of the presentation of a clergiman; as, a church +presentable. [R.] Ayliffe. + +Pres`en*ta"ne*ous (?), a. [L. praesentaneus. See Present, a.] Ready; +quick; immediate in effect; as, presentaneous poison. [Obs.] Harvey. + +Pres`en*ta"tion (?), n. [L. praesentatio a showing, representation: cf. +F. prÈsentation.] 1. The act of presenting, or the state of being +presented; a setting forth; an offering; bestowal. + + Prayers are sometimes a presentation of mere desires. + + +Hooker. + +2. Hence, exhibition; representation; display; appearance; semblance; +show. + + Under the presentation of the shoots his wit. + + +Shak. + +3. That which is presented or given; a present; a gift, as, the picture +was a presentation. [R.] + +4. (Eccl.) The act of offering a clergyman to the bishop or ordinary +for institution in a benefice; the right of presenting a clergyman. + + If the bishop admits the patron's presentation, the clerk so + admitted is next to be instituted by him. + + +Blackstone. + +5. (Med.) The particular position of the child during labor relatively +to the passage though which it is to be brought forth; -- specifically +designated by the part which first appears at the mouth of the uterus; +as, a breech presentation. + +Presentation copy, a copy of a book, engraving, etc., presented to some +one by the author or artist, as a token of regard. + +Pre*sent"a*tive (?), a. 1. (Eccl.) Having the right of presentation, or +offering a clergyman to the bishop for institution; as, advowsons are +presentative, collative, or donative. Blackstone. + +2. Admitting the presentation of a clergyman; as, a presentative +parsonage. Spelman. + +3. (Metaph.) Capable of being directly known by, or presented to, the +mind; intuitive; directly apprehensible, as objects; capable of +apprehending, as faculties. + + The latter term, presentative faculty, I use . . . in contrast and + correlation to a "representative faculty." + + +Sir W. Hamilton. + +Pres`en*tee" (?), n. [F. prÈsentÈ, p. p. See Present, v. t. ] One to +whom something is presented; also, one who is presented; specifically +(Eccl.), one presented to benefice. Ayliffe. + +Pre*sent"er (?), n. One who presents. + +Pre*sen"tial (?), a. [LL. praesentialis.] Implying actual presence; +present, immediate. [Obs.] + + God's mercy is made presential to us. + + +Jer. Taylor. + +-- Pre*sen"tial*ly, adv. [Obs.] + +Pre*sen`ti*al"i*ty (?), n. State of being actually present. [Obs.] +South. + +Pre*sen"ti*ate (?), v. t. To make present. [Obs.] + +Pre*sen"tient (?), a. [L. praesentiens, p. pr. of praesentire to +perceive beforehand; prae before + sentire to feel.] Feeling or +perceiving beforehand. + +Pres`en*tif"ic (?), a. [L. praesens, -entis, present + facere to make.] +Making present. [Obs.] + +-- Pres`en*tif"ic*ly, adv. [Obs.] Dr. H. More. + +Pres`en*tif"ic*al (?), a. Presentific. [Obs.] + +Pre*sen"ti*ment (?), n. [Pref. pre- + sentiment: cf. F. pressentiment. +See Presentient.] Previous sentiment, conception, or opinion; previous +apprehension; especially, an antecedent impression or conviction of +something unpleasant, distressing, or calamitous, about to happen; +anticipation of evil; foreboding. + +Pre*sen`ti*men"tal (?), a. Of nature of a presentiment; foreboding. +[R.] Coleridge. + +Pre*sen"tion (?), n. See Presension. [Obs.] + +Pre*sent"ive (?), a. (Philol.) Bringing a conception or notion directly +before the mind; presenting an object to the memory of imagination; -- +distinguished from symbolic. + + How greatly the word "will" is felt to have lost presentive power + in the last three centuries. + + +Earle. + +-- Pre*sent"ive*ly, adv. -- Pre*sent"ive*ness, n. + +Pres"ent*ly (?), adv. 1. At present; at this time; now. [Obs.] + + The towns and forts you presently have. + + +Sir P. Sidney. + +2. At once; without delay; forthwith; also, less definitely, soon; +shortly; before long; after a little while; by and by. Shak. + + And presently the fig tree withered away. + + +Matt. xxi. 19. + +3. With actual presence; actually . [Obs.] + + His precious body and blood presently three. + + +Bp. Gardiner. + +Pre*sent"ment (?), n. 1. The act of presenting, or the state of being +presented; presentation. " Upon the heels of my presentment." Shak. + +2. Setting forth to view; delineation; appearance; representation; +exhibition. + + Power to cheat the eye with blear illusion, And give it false + presentment. + + +Milton. + +3. (Law) (a) The notice taken by a grand jury of any offence from their +own knowledge or observation, without any bill of indictment laid +before them, as, the presentment of a nuisance, a libel, or the like; +also, an inquisition of office and indictment by a grand jury; an +official accusation presented to a tribunal by the grand jury in an +indictment, or the act of offering an indictment; also, the indictment +itself. (b) The official notice (formerly required to be given in +court) of the surrender of a copyhold estate. Blackstone. + +Presentment of a bill of exchange, the offering of a bill to the drawee +for acceptance, or to the acceptor for payment. See Bill of exchange, +under Bill. + +<! p. 1133 !> Mozley & W. + +Pres"ent*ness (?), n. The quality or state of being present; presence. +[Obs.] "Presentness of mind in danger." Clarendon. + +Pres`en*toir" (?), n. [Formed after analogy of French.] An ornamental +tray, dish, or the like, used as a salver. + +Pre*serv"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being preserved; admitting of +preservation. + +Pres`er*va"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. prÈservation.] The act or process of +preserving, or keeping safe; the state of being preserved, or kept from +injury, destruction, or decay; security; safety; as, preservation of +life, fruit, game, etc.; a picture in good preservation. + + Give us particulars of thy preservation. + + +Shak. + +Pre*serv"a*tive (?), a. [Cf. F. prÈservatif.] Having the power or +quality of preserving; tending to preserve, or to keep from injury, +decay, etc. + +Pre*serv"a*tive, n. That which preserves, or has the power of +preserving; a presevative agent. + + To wear tablets as preservatives against the plague. + + +Bacon. + +Pre*serv"a*to*ry (?), a. Preservative. Bp. Hall. + +Pre*serv"a*to*ry, n.; pl. Preservatories (&?;). 1. A preservative. +[Obs.] Whitlock. + +2. A room, or apparatus, in which perishable things, as fruit, +vegetables, etc., can be preserved without decay. + +Pre*serve" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Preserved (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Preserving.] [F. prÈserver, from L. prae before + servare to save, +preserve; cf. L. praeservare to observe beforehand. See Serve.] 1. To +keep or save from injury or destruction; to guard or defend from evil, +harm, danger, etc.; to protect. + + O Lord, thou preserved man and beast. + + +Ps. xxxvi. 6. + + Now, good angels preserve the king. + + +Shak. + +2. To save from decay by the use of some preservative substance, as +sugar, salt, etc.; to season and prepare for remaining in a good state, +as fruits, meat, etc.; as, to preserve peaches or grapes. + + You can not preserve it from tainting. + + +Shak. + +3. To maintain throughout; to keep intact; as, to preserve appearances; +to preserve silence. + +To preserve game, to protect it from extermination. + +Syn. -- To keep; save; secure; uphold; sustain; defend; spare; protect; +guard; shield. See Keep. + +Pre*serve", v. i. 1. To make preserves. Shak. + +2. To protect game for purposes of sport. + +Pre*serve", n. 1. That which is preserved; fruit, etc., seasoned and +kept by suitable preparation; esp., fruit cooked with sugar; -- +commonly in the plural. + +2. A place in which game, fish, etc., are preserved for purposes of +sport, or for food. + +Pre*serv"er (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, preserves, saves, or +defends, from destruction, injury, or decay; esp., one who saves the +life or character of another. Shak. + +2. One who makes preserves of fruit. + +Game preserver. See under Game. + +Pre*show" (?), v. t. To foreshow. + +Pre*side" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Presided; p. pr. & vb. n. +Presiding.] [L. praesidere; prae before + sedere to sit: cf. F. +prÈsider. See Sit.] 1. To be set, or to sit, in the place of authority; +to occupy the place of president, chairman, moderator, director, etc.; +to direct, control, and regulate, as chief officer; as, to preside at a +public meeting; to preside over the senate. + +2. To exercise superintendence; to watch over. + + Some o'er the public magazines preside. + + +Dryden. + +Pres"i*dence (?), n. See Presidency. [Obs.] + +Pres"i*den*cy (?), n.; pl. Presidencies (#). [Cf. F. prÈsidence.] 1. +The function or condition of one who presides; superintendence; control +and care. + +2. The office of president; as, Washington was elected to the +presidency. + +3. The term during which a president holds his office; as, during the +presidency of Madison. + +4. One of the three great divisions of British India, the Bengal, +Madras, and Bombay Presidencies, each of which had a council of which +its governor was president. + +Pres"i*dent (?), n. Precedent. [Obs.] Bacon. + +Pres"i*dent, a. Occupying the first rank or chief place; having the +highest authority; presiding. [R.] + + His angels president In every province. + + +Milton. + +Pres"i*dent, n. [F. prÈsident, L. praesidens, -entis, p. pr. of +praesidere. See Preside.] 1. One who is elected or appointed to +preside; a presiding officer, as of a legislative body. Specifically: +(a) The chief officer of a corporation, company, institution, society, +or the like. (b) The chief executive officer of the government in +certain republics; as, the president of the United States. + +2. A protector; a guardian; a presiding genius. [Obs.] + + Just Apollo, president of verse. + + +Waller. + +Pres`i*den"tial (?), a. 1. Presiding or watching over. "Presidential +angels." Glanvill. + +2. Of or pertaining to a president; as, the presidential chair; a +presidential election. + +Pres"i*dent*ship (?), n. The office and dignity of president; +presidency. Hooker. + +Pre*sid"er (?), n. One who presides. + +{ Pre*sid"i*al (?), Pre*sid"i*a*ry (?), } a. [L. praesidialis and +praesidiarius, fr. praesidium a presiding over, defense, guard. See +Preside.] Of or pertaining to a garrison; having a garrison. + + There are three presidial castles in this city. + + +Howell. + +Pre*sid"i*a*ry, n. [L. praesidiarium.] A guard. [Obs.] "Heavenly +presidiaries." Bp. Hall. + +Pre*sid"ing (?), a. & n. from Preside. + +Presiding elder. See under 2d Elder. + +||Pre*si"di*o (?), n. [Sp.] A place of defense; a fortress; a garrison; +||a fortress; a garrison or guardhouse. + +Pre*sig`ni*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [&?;. praesignificatio. See Presignify.] +The act of signifying or showing beforehand. + +Pre*sig"ni*fy (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Presignified (?); imp. & p. p. +Presignifying.] [L. praesignificare; prae before + significare to +signify.] To intimate or signify beforehand; to presage. + +Pre*sphe"noid (?), a. (Anat.) Situated in front of the sphenoid bone; +of or pertaining to the anterior part of the sphenoid bone (i. e., the +presphenoid bone). + +Presphenoid bone (Anat.), the anterior part of the body of the sphenoid +bone in front of the basisphenoid. It is usually a separate bone in the +young or fetus, but becomes a part of the sphenoid in the adult. + +Pre*sphe"noid, n. (Anat.) The presphenoid bone. + +Pre`sphe*noid"al (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the presphenoid +bone; presphenoid. + +Pre*spi"nal (?), a. (Anat.) Prevertebral. + +Press (?), n. (Zoˆl.) An East Indian insectivore (Tupaia ferruginea). +It is arboreal in its habits, and has a bushy tail. The fur is soft, +and varies from rusty red to maroon and to brownish black. + +Press, v. t. [Corrupt. fr. prest ready money advanced, a loan; hence, +earnest money given soldiers on entering service. See Prest, n.] To +force into service, particularly into naval service; to impress. + + To peaceful peasant to the wars is pressed. + + +Dryden. + +Press, n. [For prest, confused with press.] A commission to force men +into public service, particularly into the navy. + + I have misused the king's press. + + +Shak. + +Press gang, or Pressgang, a detachment of seamen under the command of +an officer empowered to force men into the naval service. See Impress +gang, under Impress. -- Press money, money paid to a man enlisted into +public service. See Prest money, under Prest, a. + +Press, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pressed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pressing.] [F. +presser, fr. L. pressare to press, fr. premere, pressum, to press. Cf. +Print, v.] 1. To urge, or act upon, with force, as weight; to act upon +by pushing or thrusting, in distinction from pulling; to crowd or +compel by a gradual and continued exertion; to bear upon; to squeeze; +to compress; as, we press the ground with the feet when we walk; we +press the couch on which we repose; we press substances with the hands, +fingers, or arms; we are pressed in a crowd. + + Good measure, pressed down, and shaken together. + + +Luke vi. 38. + +2. To squeeze, in order to extract the juice or contents of; to squeeze +out, or express, from something. + + From sweet kernels pressed, She tempers dulcet creams. + + +Milton. + + And I took the grapes, and pressed them into Pharaoh's cup, and I + gave the cup into Pharaoh's hand. + + +Gen. xl. 11. + +3. To squeeze in or with suitable instruments or apparatus, in order to +compact, make dense, or smooth; as, to press cotton bales, paper, etc.; +to smooth by ironing; as, to press clothes. + +4. To embrace closely; to hug. + + Leucothoe shook at these alarms, And pressed Palemon closer in her + arms. + + +Pope. + +5. To oppress; to bear hard upon. + + Press not a falling man too far. + + +Shak. + +6. To straiten; to distress; as, to be pressed with want or hunger. + +7. To exercise very powerful or irresistible influence upon or over; to +constrain; to force; to compel. + + Paul was pressed in the spirit, and testified to the Jews that + Jesus was Christ. + + +Acts xviii. 5. + +8. To try to force (something upon some one); to urge or inculcate with +earnestness or importunity; to enforce; as, to press divine truth on an +audience. + + He pressed a letter upon me within this hour. + + +Dryden. + + Be sure to press upon him every motive. + + +Addison. + +9. To drive with violence; to hurry; to urge on; to ply hard; as, to +press a horse in a race. + + The posts . . . went cut, being hastened and pressed on, by the + king's commandment. + + +Esther viii. 14. + +Press differs from drive and strike in usually denoting a slow or +continued application of force; whereas drive and strike denote a +sudden impulse of force. + +Pressed brick. See under Brick. + +Press, v. i. 1. To exert pressure; to bear heavily; to push, crowd, or +urge with steady force. + +2. To move on with urging and crowding; to make one's way with violence +or effort; to bear onward forcibly; to crowd; to throng; to encroach. + + They pressed upon him for to touch him. + + +Mark iii. 10. + +3. To urge with vehemence or importunity; to exert a strong or +compelling influence; as, an argument presses upon the judgment. + +Press, n. [F. presse. See 4th Press.] 1. An apparatus or machine by +which any substance or body is pressed, squeezed, stamped, or shaped, +or by which an impression of a body is taken; sometimes, the place or +building containing a press or presses. + +Presses are differently constructed for various purposes in the arts, +their specific uses being commonly designated; as, a cotton press, a +wine press, a cider press, a copying press, etc. See Drill press. + +2. Specifically, a printing press. + +3. The art or business of printing and publishing; hence, printed +publications, taken collectively, more especially newspapers or the +persons employed in writing for them; as, a free press is a blessing, a +licentious press is a curse. + +4. An upright case or closet for the safe keeping of articles; as, a +clothes press. Shak. + +5. The act of pressing or thronging forward. + + In their throng and press to that last hold. + + +Shak. + +6. Urgent demands of business or affairs; urgency; as, a press of +engagements. + +7. A multitude of individuals crowded together; &?; crowd of single +things; a throng. + + They could not come nigh unto him for the press. + + +Mark ii. 4. + +Cylinder press, a printing press in which the impression is produced by +a revolving cylinder under which the form passes; also, one in which +the form of type or plates is curved around a cylinder, instead of +resting on a flat bed. -- Hydrostatic press. See under Hydrostatic. -- +Liberty of the press, the free right of publishing books, pamphlets, or +papers, without previous restraint or censorship, subject only to +punishment for libelous, seditious, or morally pernicious matters. -- +Press bed, a bed that may be folded, and inclosed, in a press or +closet. Boswell. -- Press of sail, (Naut.), as much sail as the state +of the wind will permit. + +Press"er (?), n. One who, or that which, presses. + +Presser bar, or Presser wheel (Knitting machine), a bar or wheel which +closes the barbs of the needles to enable the loops of the yarn to pass +over them. -- Presser foot, the part of a sewing machine which rests on +the cloth and presses it down upon the table of the machine. + +Press"gang` (?), n. See Press gang, under Press. + +Press"ing, a. Urgent; exacting; importunate; as, a pressing necessity. +-- Press"ing*ly, adv. + +Pres"sion (?), n. [L. pressio: cf. F. pression. See 4th Press.] 1. The +act of pressing; pressure. Sir I. Newton. + +2. (Cartesian Philos.) An endeavor to move. + +Pres`si*ros"ter (?), n. [L. presssus pressed (p. p. of premere) + +rostrum beak: cf. F. pressirostre. See 4th Press.] (Zoˆl.) One of a +tribe of wading birds (Pressirostres) including those which have a +compressed beak, as the plovers. + +Pres`si*ros"tral (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Of or pertaining to the pressirosters. + +Pres"si*tant (?), a. [See 4th Press.] Gravitating; heavy. [Obs.] Dr. H. +More. + +Pres"sive (?), a. Pressing; urgent; also, oppressive; as, pressive +taxation. [R.] Bp. Hall. + +Press"ly (?), adv. Closely; concisely. [Obs.] + +Press"man (?), n.; pl. Pressmen (&?;). 1. One who manages, or attends +to, a press, esp. a printing press. + +2. One who presses clothes; as, a tailor's pressman. + +Press"man, n. [See 2d Press.] One of a press gang, who aids in forcing +men into the naval service; also, one forced into the service. + +Press"or (?), a. (Physiol.) Causing, or giving rise to, pressure or to +an increase of pressure; as, pressor nerve fibers, stimulation of which +excites the vasomotor center, thus causing a stronger contraction of +the arteries and consequently an increase of the arterial blood +pressure; -- opposed to depressor. Landois & Stirling. + +Press"pack` (?), v. t. To pack, or prepare for packing, by means of a +press. + +Pres"sur*age (?), n. [F.] 1. Pressure. + +2. The juice of the grape extracted by the press; also, a fee paid for +the use of a wine press. + +Pres"sure (?; 138), n. [OF., fr. L. pressura, fr. premere. See 4th +Press.] 1. The act of pressing, or the condition of being pressed; +compression; a squeezing; a crushing; as, a pressure of the hand. + +2. A contrasting force or impulse of any kind; as, the pressure of +poverty; the pressure of taxes; the pressure of motives on the mind; +the pressure of civilization. + + Where the pressure of danger was not felt. + + +Macaulay. + +3. Affliction; distress; grievance. + + My people's pressures are grievous. + + +Eikon Basilike. + + In the midst of his great troubles and pressures. + + +Atterbury. + +4. Urgency; as, the pressure of business. + +5. Impression; stamp; character impressed. + + All saws of books, all forms, all pressures past. + + +Shak. + +6. (Mech.) The action of a force against some obstacle or opposing +force; a force in the nature of a thrust, distributed over a surface, +often estimated with reference to the amount upon a unit's area. + +Atmospheric pressure, Center of pressure, etc. See under Atmospheric, +Center, etc. -- Back pressure (Steam engine), pressure which resists +the motion of the piston, as the pressure of exhaust steam which does +not find free outlet. -- Fluid pressure, pressure like that exerted by +a fluid. It is a thrust which is normal and equally intense in all +directions around a point. Rankine. -- Pressure gauge, a gauge for +indicating fluid pressure; a manometer. + +Press"work` (?), n. The art of printing from the surface of type, +plates, or engravings in relief, by means of a press; the work so done. +MacKellar. + +Prest (prst), imp. & p. p. of Press. + +Prest, a. [OF. prest, F. prÍt, fr. L. praestus ready. Cf. Presto.] 1. +Ready; prompt; prepared. [Obs.] + + All prest to such battle he was. + + +R. of Gloucester. + +2. Neat; tidy; proper. [Obs.] Tusser. + +Prest money, money formerly paid to men when they enlisted into the +British service; -- so called because it bound those that received it +to be ready for service when called upon. + +Prest, n. [OF. prest, F. prÍt, fr. OF. prester to lend, F. prÍter, fr. +L. praestare to stand before, to become surety for, to fulfill, offer, +supply; prae before + stare to stand. See Pre-, and Stand, and cf. +Press to force into service.] 1. Ready money; a loan of money. [Obs.] + + Requiring of the city a prest of six thousand marks. + + +Bacon. + +2. (Law) A duty in money formerly paid by the sheriff on his account in +the exchequer, or for money left or remaining in his hands. Cowell. + +Prest, v. t. To give as a loan; to lend. [Obs.] + + Sums of money . . . prested out in loan. + + +E. Hall. + +Prest"a*ble (?), a. Payable. [Scot.] + +Pres*ta"tion (?), n. [L. praestatio a performing, paying, fr. +praestare: cf. F. prestation.] (O. Eng. Law) A payment of money; a toll +or duty; also, the rendering of a service. Burrill. + +<! p. 1134 !> + +Prestation money, a sum of money paid yearly by archdeacons and other +dignitaries to their bishop. + +Pres"ter (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, from &?; to kindle or burn, and &?; +to blow up, swell out by blowing.] 1. A meteor or exhalation formerly +supposed to be thrown from the clouds with such violence that by +collision it is set on fire. [Obs.] + +2. pl. One of the veins of the neck when swollen with anger or other +excitement. [Obs.] + +Pres"ter, n. [OF. prestre. See Priest.] A priest or presbyter; as, +Prester John. [Obs.] + +Pre*ster"num (?), n. [NL.] (Anat.) The anterior segment of the sternum; +the manubrium. -- Pre*ster"nal (#), a. + +Pres`ti*dig"i*tal (?), a. Nimble- fingered; having fingers fit for +prestidigitation, or juggling. [R.] "His prestidigital hand." Charles +Reade. + +Pres`ti*dig`i*ta"tion (?), n. Legerdemain; sleight of hand; juggling. + +Pres`ti*dig"i*ta`tor (?), n. [L. praesto ready + digitus finger: cf. F. +prestidigitateur.] One skilled in legerdemain or sleight of hand; a +juggler. + +Pres"tige (?; 277), n. [F., fr. L. praestigum delusion, illusion, +praestigae deceptions, jugglers' tricks, prob. fr. prae before + the +root of stinguere to extinguish, originally, to prick. See Stick, v.] +1. Delusion; illusion; trick. [Obs.] + + The sophisms of infidelity, and the prestiges of imposture. + + +Bp. Warburton. + +2. Weight or influence derived from past success; expectation of future +achievements founded on those already accomplished; force or charm +derived from acknowledged character or reputation. "The prestige of his +name must go for something." Sir G. C. Lewis. + +Pres*tig`i*a"tion (?), n. [L. praestigiare to deceive by juggling +tricks, fr. praestigae. See Prestige.] Legerdemain; prestidigitation. +[Obs.] + +Pres*tig"i*a`tor (?), n. [L. praestigiator.] A juggler; +prestidigitator. [Obs.] Dr. H. More. + +Pres*tig"i*a*to*ry (?), a. Consisting of impostures; juggling. [Obs.] +Barrow. + +Pres*tig"i*ous (?), a. [L. praestigiosus.] Practicing tricks; juggling. +[Obs.] Cotton Mather. + +Pres"ti*mo*ny (?), n. [LL. praestimonium, fr. L. praestare to furnish, +supply: cf. F. prestimonie. See Prest, n.] (Canon Law) A fund for the +support of a priest, without the title of a benefice. The patron in the +collator. + +||Pres*tis"si*mo (?), adv. [It., superl. of presto.] (Mus.) Very +||quickly; with great rapidity. + +Pres"to (?), adv. [It. or Sp. presto quick, quickly. See Prest, a.] 1. +Quickly; immediately; in haste; suddenly. + + Presto! begone! 'tis here again. + + +Swift. + +2. (Mus.) Quickly; rapidly; -- a direction for a quick, lively movement +or performance; quicker than allegro, or any rate of time except +prestissimo. + +Pre*stric"tion (?), n. [L. praestrictio a binding fast, fr. +praestringere. See Pre-, and Stringent.] Obstruction, dimness, or +defect of sight. [Obs.] Milton. + +Pre*sul"tor (?), n. [L. praesultor; prae before + salire to dance.] A +leader in the dance. [R.] + +Pre*sum"a*ble (?), a. [Cf. F. prÈsumable.] Such as may be presumed or +supposed to be true; that seems entitled to belief without direct +evidence. + +Pre*sum"a*bly, adv. In a presumable manner; by, or according to, +presumption. + +Pre*sume" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Presumed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Presuming.] [F. prÈsumer, L. praesumere, praesumptum; prae before + +sumere to take. See Assume, Redeem.] 1. To assume or take beforehand; +esp., to do or undertake without leave or authority previously +obtained. + + Dare he presume to scorn us in this manner? + + +Shak. + + Bold deed thou hast presumed, adventurous Eve. + + +Milton. + +2. To take or suppose to be true, or entitled to belief, without +examination or proof, or on the strength of probability; to take for +granted; to infer; to suppose. + + Every man is to be presumed innocent till he is proved to be + guilty. + + +Blackstone. + + What rests but that the mortal sentence pass, . . . Which he + presumes already vain and void, Because not yet inflicted? + + +Milton. + +Pre*sume", v. i. 1. To suppose or assume something to be, or to be +true, on grounds deemed valid, though not amounting to proof; to +believe by anticipation; to infer; as, we may presume too far. + +2. To venture, go, or act, by an assumption of leave or authority not +granted; to go beyond what is warranted by the circumstances of the +case; to venture beyond license; to take liberties; -- often with on or +upon before the ground of confidence. + + Do not presume too much upon my love. + + +Shak. + + This man presumes upon his parts. + + +Locke. + +Pre*sum"ed*ly, adv. By presumption. + +Pre*sum"er (?), n. One who presumes; also, an arrogant person. Sir H. +Wotton. + +Pre*sum"ing*ly, adv. Confidently; arrogantly. + +Pre*sump"tion (?; 215), n. [L. praesumptio: cf. F. prÈsomption, OF. +also presumpcion. See Presume.] 1. The act of presuming, or believing +upon probable evidence; the act of assuming or taking for granted; +belief upon incomplete proof. + +2. Ground for presuming; evidence probable, but not conclusive; strong +probability; reasonable supposition; as, the presumption is that an +event has taken place. + +3. That which is presumed or assumed; that which is supposed or +believed to be real or true, on evidence that is probable but not +conclusive. "In contradiction to these very plausible presumptions." De +Quincey. + +4. The act of venturing beyond due beyond due bounds; an overstepping +of the bounds of reverence, respect, or courtesy; forward, +overconfident, or arrogant opinion or conduct; presumptuousness; +arrogance; effrontery. + + Thy son I killed for his presumption. + + +Shak. + + I had the presumption to dedicate to you a very unfinished piece. + + +Dryden. + +Conclusive presumption. See under Conclusive. -- Presumption of fact +(Law), an argument of a fact from a fact; an inference as to the +existence of one fact not certainly known, from the existence of some +other fact known or proved, founded on a previous experience of their +connection; supposition of the truth or real existence of something, +without direct or positive proof of the fact, but grounded on +circumstantial or probable evidence which entitles it to belief. +Burrill. Best. Wharton. -- Presumption of law (Law), a postulate +applied in advance to all cases of a particular class; e. g., the +presumption of innocence and of regularity of records. Such a +presumption is rebuttable or irrebuttable. + +Pre*sump"tive (?), a. [Cf. F. prÈsomptif.] 1. Based on presumption or +probability; grounded on probable evidence; probable; as, presumptive +proof. + +2. Presumptuous; arrogant. [R.] Sir T. Browne. + +Presumptive evidence (Law), that which is derived from circumstances +which necessarily or usually attend a fact, as distinct from direct +evidence or positive proof; indirect or circumstantial evidence. +"Presumptive evidence of felony should be cautiously admitted." +Blackstone. The distinction, however, between direct and presumptive +(or circumstantial) evidence is now generally abandoned; all evidence +being now more or less direct and more or less presumptive. -- +Presumptive heir. See Heir presumptive, under Heir. + +Pre*sump"tive*ly, adv. By presumption, or supposition grounded or +probability; presumably. + +Pre*sump"tu*ous (?; 135), a. [L. praesumptuosus: cf. F. prÈsomptueux, +OF. also presumptuous. See Presumption.] 1. Full of presumption; +presuming; overconfident or venturesome; audacious; rash; taking +liberties unduly; arrogant; insolent; as, a presumptuous commander; +presumptuous conduct. + + A class of presumptuous men, whom age has not made cautious, nor + adversity wise. + + +Buckminster. + +2. Founded on presumption; as, a presumptuous idea. "False, +presumptuous hope." Milton. + +3. Done with hold design, rash confidence, or in violation of known +duty; willful. "Keep back the servant also from presumptuous sins." Ps. +xix. 13. + +Syn. -- Overconfident; foolhardy; rash; presuming; forward; arrogant; +insolent. + +Pre*sump"tu*ous*ly, adv. In a presumptuous manner; arrogantly. + +Pre*sump"tu*ous*ness, n. The quality or state of being presumptuous. + +Pre`sup*pos"al (?), n. Presupposition. [R.] "Presupposal of knowledge." +Hooker. + +Pre`sup*pose" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Presupposed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Presupposing.] [Pref. pre- + suppose: cf. F. prÈsupposer.] To suppose +beforehand; to imply as antecedent; to take for granted; to assume; as, +creation presupposes a creator. + + Each [kind of knowledge] presupposes many necessary things learned + in other sciences, and known beforehand. + + +Hooker. + +Pre*sup`po*si"tion (?), n. [Pref. pre- + supposition: cf. F. +prÈsupposition.] 1. The act of presupposing; an antecedent implication; +presumption. + +2. That which is presupposed; a previous supposition or surmise. + +Pre`sur*mise" (?), n. A surmise previously formed. Shak. + +Pre`sys*tol"ic (?), a. (Physiol.) Preceding the systole or contraction +of the heart; as, the presystolic friction sound. + +Pre*tem"po*ral (?), a. (Anat.) Situated in front of the temporal bone. + +Pre*tence" (?), n., Pre*tence"ful, a., Pre*tence"*less, a. See +Pretense, Pretenseful, Pretenseless. + +Pre*tend" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pretended; p. pr. & vb. n. +Pretending.] [OE. pretenden to lay claim to, F. prÈtendre, L. +praetendere, praetentum, to stretch forward, pretend, simulate, assert; +prae before + tendere to stretch. See Tend, v. t. ] 1. To lay a claim +to; to allege a title to; to claim. + + Chiefs shall be grudged the part which they pretend. + + +Dryden. + +2. To hold before, or put forward, as a cloak or disguise for something +else; to exhibit as a veil for something hidden. [R.] + + Lest that too heavenly form, pretended To hellish falsehood, snare + them. + + +Milton. + +3. To hold out, or represent, falsely; to put forward, or offer, as +true or real (something untrue or unreal); to show hypocritically, or +for the purpose of deceiving; to simulate; to feign; as, to pretend +friendship. + + This let him know, Lest, willfully transgressing, he pretend + Surprisal. + + +Milton. + +4. To intend; to design; to plot; to attempt. [Obs.] + + Such as shall pretend Malicious practices against his state. + + +Shak. + +5. To hold before one; to extend. [Obs.] "His target always over her +pretended." Spenser. + +Pre*tend", v. i. 1. To put in, or make, a claim, truly or falsely; to +allege a title; to lay claim to, or strive after, something; -- usually +with to. "Countries that pretend to freedom." Swift. + + For to what fine he would anon pretend, That know I well. + + +Chaucer. + +2. To hold out the appearance of being, possessing, or performing; to +profess; to make believe; to feign; to sham; as, to pretend to be +asleep. "[He] pretended to drink the waters." Macaulay. + +Pre*tend"ant (?), n. A pretender; a claimant. + +Pre*tend"ed, a. Making a false appearance; unreal; false; as, pretended +friend. -- Pre*tend"ed*ly, adv. + +Pre*tend"ence (?), n. The act of pretending; pretense. [Obs.] Daniel. + +Pre*tend"er (?), n. 1. One who lays claim, or asserts a title (to +something); a claimant. Specifically, The pretender (Eng. Hist.), the +son or the grandson of James II., the heir of the royal family of +Stuart, who laid claim to the throne of Great Britain, from which the +house was excluded by law. + + It is the shallow, unimproved intellects that are the confident + pretenders to certainty. + + +Glanvill. + +2. One who pretends, simulates, or feigns. + +Pre*tend"er*ship, n. The character, right, or claim of a pretender. +Swift. + +Pre*tend"ing*ly, adv. As by right or title; arrogantly; presumptuously. +Collier. + +{ Pre*tense", Pre*tence } (?), n. [LL. praetensus, for L. praetentus, +p. p. of praetendere. See Pretend, and cf. Tension.] 1. The act of +laying claim; the claim laid; assumption; pretension. Spenser. + + Primogeniture can not have any pretense to a right of solely + inheriting property or power. + + +Locke. + + I went to Lambeth with Sir R. Brown's pretense to the wardenship of + Merton College, Oxford. + + +Evelyn. + +2. The act of holding out, or offering, to others something false or +feigned; presentation of what is deceptive or hypocritical; deception +by showing what is unreal and concealing what is real; false show; +simulation; as, pretense of illness; under pretense of patriotism; on +pretense of revenging CÊsar's death. + +3. That which is pretended; false, deceptive, or hypocritical show, +argument, or reason; pretext; feint. + + Let not the Trojans, with a feigned pretense Of proffered peace, + delude the Latian prince. + + +Dryden. + +4. Intention; design. [Obs.] + + A very pretense and purpose of unkindness. + + +Shak. + +See the Note under Offense. + +Syn. -- Mask; appearance; color; show; pretext; excuse. -- Pretense, +Pretext. A pretense is something held out as real when it is not so, +thus falsifying the truth. A pretext is something woven up in order to +cover or conceal one's true motives, feelings, or reasons. Pretext is +often, but not always, used in a bad sense. + +Pre*tensed" (?), a. Pretended; feigned. [Obs.] -- Pre*tens"ed*ly (#), +adv. [Obs.] + +Pre*tense"ful (?), a. Abounding in pretenses. + +Pre*tense"less, a. Not having or making pretenses. + +Pre*ten"sion (?), n. [Cf. F. prÈtention. See Pretend, Tension.] 1. The +act of pretending, or laying claim; the act of asserting right or +title. + + The arrogant pretensions of Glengarry contributed to protract the + discussion. + + +Macaulay. + +2. A claim made, whether true or false; a right alleged or assumed; a +holding out the appearance of possessing a certain character; as, +pretensions to scholarship. + + This was but an invention and pretension given out by the + Spaniards. + + +Bacon. + + Men indulge those opinions and practices that favor their + pretensions. + + +L'Estrange. + +Pre*ten"ta*tive (?), a. [Pref. pre- + tentative: cf. L. praetentare to +try beforehand.] Fitted for trial beforehand; experimental. [R.] Sir H. +Wotton. + +Pre*ten"tious (?), a. [Cf. F. prÈtentieux. See Pretend.] Full of +pretension; disposed to lay claim to more than is one's; presuming; +assuming. -- Pre*ten"tious*ly, adv. - - Pre*ten"tious*ness, n. + +Pre"ter- (?). [L. praeter past, beyond, originally a compar. of prae +before. See For, prep.] A prefix signifying past, by, beyond, more +than; as, preter- mission, a permitting to go by; preternatural, beyond +or more than is natural. [Written also prÊter.] + +Pre`ter*hu"man (?), a. [Pref. preter- + human.] More than human. + +Pre*te"ri*ent (?), a. [L. praeteriens, p. pr. See Preterit.] Passed +through; antecedent; previous; as, preterient states. [R.] + +Pre`ter*im*per"fect (?), a. & n. [Pref. preter- + imperfect.] (Gram.) +Old name of the tense also called imperfect. + +Pret"er*ist (?), n. [Pref. preter- + -ist.] 1. One whose chief +interest is in the past; one who regards the past with most pleasure or +favor. + +2. (Theol.) One who believes the prophecies of the Apocalypse to have +been already fulfilled. Farrar. + +Pret"er*it (?; 277), a. [L. praeteritus, p. p. of praeterire to go or +pass by; praeter beyond, by + ire to go: cf. F. prÈtÈrit. See Issue.] +[Written also preterite and prÊterite.] 1. (Gram.) Past; -- applied to +a tense which expresses an action or state as past. + +2. Belonging wholly to the past; passed by. [R.] + + Things and persons as thoroughly preterite as Romulus or Numa. + + +Lowell. + +Pret"er*it, n. (Gram.) The preterit; also, a word in the preterit +tense. + +Pret"er*ite (?), a. & n. Same as Preterit. + +Pret"er*ite*ness, n. Same as Preteritness. + +Pre`ter*i"tion (?; 277), n. [L. praeteritio: cf. F. prÈtÈrition.] 1. +The act of passing, or going past; the state of being past. Bp. Hall. + +2. (Rhet.) A figure by which, in pretending to pass over anything, a +summary mention of it is made; as, "I will not say, he is valiant, he +is learned, he is just." Called also paraleipsis. + +3. (Law) The omission by a testator of some one of his heirs who is +entitled to a portion. Bouvier. + +Pre*ter"i*tive (?), a. (Gram.) Used only or chiefly in the preterit or +past tenses, as certain verbs. + +Pret"er*it*ness (?), n. The quality or state of being past. Bentley. +Lowell. + +Pre`ter*lapsed" (?), a. [L. praeterlapsus, p. p. of praeterlabi to +glide by. See Preter-, Lapse.] Past; as, preterlapsed ages. [R.] +Glanvill. + +Pre`ter*le"gal (?), a. [Pref. preter- + legal.] Exceeding the limits +of law. [R.] + +<! p. 1135 !> + +Pre`ter*mis"sion (?), n. [L. praetermissio. See Pretermit.] 1. The act +of passing by or omitting; omission. Milton. + +2. (Rhet.) See Preterition. + +Pre`ter*mit" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pretermitted; p. pr. & vb. n. +Pretermitting.] [L. praetermittere, praetermissum; praeter beyond + +mittere to send. See Mission.] To pass by; to omit; to disregard. +Bacon. + +Pre`ter*nat"u*ral (?; 135), a. [Pref. preter + natural.] Beyond of +different from what is natural, or according to the regular course of +things, but not clearly supernatural or miraculous; strange; +inexplicable; extraordinary; uncommon; irregular; abnormal; as, a +preternatural appearance; a preternatural stillness; a preternatural +presentation (in childbirth) or labor. + + This vile and preternatural temper of mind. + + +South. + +Syn. -- See Supernatural. + +Pre`ter*nat"u*ral*ism (?), n. The state of being preternatural; a +preternatural condition. + +Pre`ter*nat`u*ral"i*ty (?), n. Preternaturalness. [R.] Dr. John Smith. + +Pre`ter*nat"u*ral*ly (?; 135), adv. In a preternatural manner or +degree. Bacon. + +Pre`ter*nat"u*ral*ness, n. The quality or state of being preternatural. + +Pre`ter*per"fect (?), a. & n. [Pref. preter- + perfect.] (Gram.) Old +name of the tense also called preterit. + +Pre`ter*plu"per`fect (?), a. & n. [Pref. preter- + pluperfect.] (Gram.) +Old name of the tense also called pluperfect. + +Pre*ter"ti*a*ry (?), a. (Geol.) Earlier than Tertiary. + +Pre`ter*vec"tion (?), n. [L. praetervectio, fr. praetervehere to carry +beyond. See Invection.] The act of carrying past or beyond. [R.] Abp. +Potter. + +Pre*tex" (?), v. t. [L. praetexere. See Pretext.] To frame; to devise; +to disguise or excuse; hence, to pretend; to declare falsely. [Obs.] + +Pre"text (?; 277), n. [F. prÈtexte, L. praetextum, fr. praetextus, p. +p. of praetexere to weave before, allege as an excuse; prae before + +texere to weave. See Text.] Ostensible reason or motive assigned or +assumed as a color or cover for the real reason or motive; pretense; +disguise. + + They suck the blood of those they depend on, under a pretext of + service and kindness. + + +L'Estrange. + + With how much or how little pretext of reason. + + +Dr. H. More. + +Syn. -- Pretense; excuse; semblance; disguise; appearance. See +Pretense. + +Pre*tex"ture (?; 135), n. A pretext. [Obs.] + +Pre*tib"i*al (?), a. (Anat.) Situated in front of the tibia. + +Pre"tor (?), n. [L. praetor, for praeitor, fr. praeire to go before; +prae before + ire to go. See Issue.] 1. (Rom. Antiq.) A civil officer +or magistrate among the ancient Romans. + +Originally the pretor was a kind of third consul; but at an early +period two pretors were appointed, the first of whom (praetor urbanus) +was a kind of mayor or city judge; the other (praetor peregrinus) was a +judge of cases in which one or both of the parties were foreigners. +Still later, the number of pretors, or judges, was further increased. + +2. Hence, a mayor or magistrate. [R.] Dryden. + +Pre*to"ri*al (?), a. Pretorian. Burke. + +Pre*to"ri*an (?), a. [L. praetorians: cf. F. prÈtorien.] Of or +pertaining to a pretor or magistrate; judicial; exercised by, or +belonging to, a pretor; as, pretorian power or authority. + +Pretorian bands or guards, or Pretorians (Rom. Hist.), the emperor's +bodyguards, instituted by the Emperor Augustus in nine cohorts of 1,000 +men each. -- Pretorian gate (Rom. Antiq.), that one of the four gates +in a camp which lay next the enemy. Brande & C. + +Pre*to"ri*an, n. A soldier of the pretorian guard. + +||Pre*to"ri*um (?), n. [L. praetorium, fr. praetor.] 1. The general's +||tent in a Roman camp; hence, a council of war, because held in the +||general's tent. + +2. The official residence of a governor of a province; hence, a place; +a splendid country seat. + +Pre"tor*ship (?), n. The office or dignity of a pretor. J. Warton + +Pre*tor"ture (?; 135), v. t. To torture beforehand. Fuller. + +Pret"ti*ly (?), adv. In a pretty manner. + +Pret"ti*ness, n. The quality or state of being pretty; -- used +sometimes in a disparaging sense. + + A style . . . without sententious pretension or antithetical + prettiness. + + +Jeffrey. + +Pret"ty (?), a. [Compar. Prettier (?); superl. Prettiest.] [OE. prati, +AS. prÊttig, prÊtig, crafty, sly, akin to prÊt, prÊtt, deceit, +trickery, Icel. prettugr tricky, prettr a trick; probably fr. Latin, +perhaps through Celtic; cf. W. praith act, deed, practice, LL. practica +execution, practice, plot. See Practice.] 1. Pleasing by delicacy or +grace; attracting, but not striking or impressing; of a pleasing and +attractive form a color; having slight or diminutive beauty; neat or +elegant without elevation or grandeur; pleasingly, but not grandly, +conceived or expressed; as, a pretty face; a pretty flower; a pretty +poem. + + This is the prettiest lowborn lass that ever Ran on the greensward. + + +Shak. + +2. Moderately large; considerable; as, he had saved a pretty fortune. +"Wavering a pretty while." Evelyn. + +3. Affectedly nice; foppish; -- used in an ill sense. + + The pretty gentleman is the most complaisant in the world. + + +Spectator. + +4. Mean; despicable; contemptible; -- used ironically; as, a pretty +trick; a pretty fellow. + +5. Stout; strong and brave; intrepid; valiant. [Scot.] + + [He] observed they were pretty men, meaning not handsome. + + +Sir W. Scott. + +Syn. -- Elegant; neat; fine. See Handsome. + +Pret"ty (?), adv. In some degree; moderately; considerably; rather; +almost; -- less emphatic than very; as, I am pretty sure of the fact; +pretty cold weather. + + Pretty plainly professes himself a sincere Christian. + + +Atterbury. + +Pret"ty*ish, a. Somewhat pretty. Walpole. + +Pret"ty*ism (?), n. Affectation of a pretty style, manner, etc. [R.] +Ed. Rev. + +Pret"ty-spo`ken (?), a. Spoken or speaking prettily. [Colloq.] + +Pre*typ"i*fy (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pretypified (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Pretypifying.] To prefigure; to exhibit previously in a type. Bp. +Pearson. + +Pret"zel (?), n. [G. pretzel, bretzel. Cf. Bretzel.] A kind of German +biscuit or cake in the form of a twisted ring, salted on the outside. + +Pre*vail" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Prevailed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Prevailing.] [F. prÈvaloir, OF. prevaleir, L. praevalere; prae before + +valere to be strong, able, or worth. See Valiant.] 1. To overcome; to +gain the victory or superiority; to gain the advantage; to have the +upper hand, or the mastery; to succeed; -- sometimes with over or +against. + + When Moses held up his hand, Israel prevailed, and when he let down + his hand, Amalek prevailed. + + +Ex. xvii. 11. + + So David prevailed over the Philistine. + + +1 Sam. xvii. 50. + + This kingdom could never prevail against the united power of + England. + + +Swift. + +2. To be in force; to have effect, power, or influence; to be +predominant; to have currency or prevalence; to obtain; as, the +practice prevails this day. + + This custom makes the short-sighted bigots, and the warier + skeptics, as far as it prevails. + + +Locke. + +3. To persuade or induce; -- with on, upon, or with; as, I prevailedon +him to wait. + + He was prevailed with to restrain the Earl. + + +Clarendon. + + Prevail upon some judicious friend to be your constant hearer, and + allow him the utmost freedom. + + +Swift. + +Pre*vail"ing, a. 1. Having superior force or influence; efficacious; +persuasive. Shak. + + Saints shall assist thee with prevailing prayers. + + +Rowe. + +2. Predominant; prevalent; most general; as, the prevailing disease of +a climate; a prevailing opinion. + +Syn. See Prevalent. + +Pre*vail"ing*ly, adv. So as to prevail. + +Pre*vail"ment (?), n. Prevalence; superior influence; efficacy. [Obs.] +Shak. + +Prev"a*lence (?), n. [L. praevalentia: cf. F. prÈvalence. See Prevail.] +The quality or condition of being prevalent; superior strength, force, +or influence; general existence, reception, or practice; wide +extension; as, the prevalence of virtue, of a fashion, or of a disease; +the prevalence of a rumor. + + The duke better knew what kind of argument were of prevalence with + him. + + +Clarendon. + +Prev"a*len*cy (?), n. See Prevalence. + +Prev"a*lent (?), a. [L. praevalens, -entis, p. pr. of praevalere. See +Prevail.] 1. Gaining advantage or superiority; having superior force, +influence, or efficacy; prevailing; predominant; successful; +victorious. + + Brennus told the Roman embassadors, that prevalent arms were as + good as any title. + + +Sir W. Raleigh. + +2. Most generally received or current; most widely adopted or +practiced; also, generally or extensively existing; widespread; +prevailing; as, a prevalent observance; prevalent disease. + + This was the most received and prevalent opinion. + + +Woodward. + +Syn. -- Prevailing; predominant; successful; efficacious; powerful. -- +Prevalent, Prevailing. What customarily prevails is prevalent; as, a +prevalent fashion. What actually prevails is prevailing; as, the +prevailing winds are west. Hence, prevailing is the livelier and more +pointed word, since it represents a thing in action. It is sometimes +the stronger word, since a thing may prevail sufficiently to be called +prevalent, and yet require greater strength to make it actually +prevailing. + +Prev"a*lent"ly, adv. In a prevalent manner. Prior. + +Pre*var"i*cate (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Prevaricated (?); p. pr. & vb. +n. Prevaricating.] [L. praevaricatus, p. p. of praevaricari to walk +crookedly, to collude; prae before + varicare to straddle, fr. varicus +straddling, varus bent. See Varicose.] 1. To shift or turn from one +side to the other, from the direct course, or from truth; to speak with +equivocation; to shuffle; to quibble; as, he prevaricates in his +statement. + + He prevaricates with his own understanding. + + +South. + +2. (Civil Law) To collude, as where an informer colludes with the +defendant, and makes a sham prosecution. + +3. (Eng. Law) To undertake a thing falsely and deceitfully, with the +purpose of defeating or destroying it. + +Syn. -- To evade; equivocate; quibble; shuffle. -- Prevaricate, Evade, +Equivocate. One who evades a question ostensibly answers it, but really +turns aside to some other point. He who equivocate uses words which +have a double meaning, so that in one sense he can claim to have said +the truth, though he does in fact deceive, and intends to do it. He who +prevaricates talks all round the question, hoping to "dodge" it, and +disclose nothing. + +Pre*var"i*cate, v. t. To evade by a quibble; to transgress; to pervert. +[Obs.] Jer. Taylor. + +Pre*var`i*ca"tion (?), n. [L. praevaricatio: cf. F. prÈvarication.] 1. +The act of prevaricating, shuffling, or quibbling, to evade the truth +or the disclosure of truth; a deviation from the truth and fair +dealing. + + The august tribunal of the skies, where no prevarication shall + avail. + + +Cowper. + +2. A secret abuse in the exercise of a public office. + +3. (Law) (a) (Roman Law) The collusion of an informer with the +defendant, for the purpose of making a sham prosecution. (b) (Common +Law) A false or deceitful seeming to undertake a thing for the purpose +of defeating or destroying it. Cowell. + +Pre*var"i*ca`tor (?), n. [L. praevaricator: cf. F. prÈvaricateur.] 1. +One who prevaricates. + +2. (Roman Law) A sham dealer; one who colludes with a defendant in a +sham prosecution. + +3. One who betrays or abuses a trust. Prynne. + +Preve (?), v. i. & i. To prove. [Obs.] Chaucer. + +Preve, n. Proof. [Obs.] Chaucer. + +Prev"e*nance (?), n. [F. prÈvenance.] (Metaph.) A going before; +anticipation in sequence or order. "The law of prevenance is simply the +well-known law of phenomenal sequence." Ward. + +Prev"e*nan*cy (?), n. The act of anticipating another's wishes, +desires, etc., in the way of favor or courtesy; hence, civility; +obligingness. [Obs.] Sterne. + +Pre*vene" (?), v. t. & i. [F. prÈvenir, L. praevenire. See Prevent.] To +come before; to anticipate; hence, to hinder; to prevent. [Obs.] +Philips. + +Pre*ven"i*ence (?; 106), n. The act of going before; anticipation. [R.] + +Pre*ven"i*ent (?), a. [L. praeveniens, p. pr.] Going before; preceding; +hence, preventive. "Prevenient grace descending." Milton. + +Pre*vent" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Prevented; p. pr. & vb. n. +Preventing.] [L. praevenire, praeventum; prae before + venire to come. +See Come.] 1. To go before; to precede; hence, to go before as a guide; +to direct. [Obs.] + + We which are alive and remain unto the coming of the Lord shall not + prevent them which are asleep. + + +1 Thess. iv. 15. + + We pray thee that thy grace may always prevent and follow us. + + +Bk. of Common Prayer. + + Then had I come, preventing Sheba's queen. + + +Prior. + +2. To be beforehand with; to anticipate. [Obs.] + + Their ready guilt preventing thy commands. + + +Pope. + +3. To intercept; to hinder; to frustrate; to stop; to thwart. "This +vile purpose to prevent." Shak. + + Perhaps forestalling night prevented them. + + +Milton. + +Pre*vent", v. i. To come before the usual time. [Obs.] + + Strawberries . . . will prevent and come early. + + +Bacon. + +Pre*vent`a*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being preventable. + +Pre*vent"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being prevented or hindered; as, +preventable diseases. + +Pre*vent"a*tive (?), n. That which prevents; -- incorrectly used +instead of preventive. + +Pre*vent"er (?), n. 1. One who goes before; one who forestalls or +anticipates another. [Obs.] Bacon. + +2. One who prevents or obstructs; a hinderer; that which hinders; as, a +preventer of evils or of disease. + +3. (Naut.) An auxiliary rope to strengthen a mast. + +Preventer bolts, or Preventer plates (Naut.), fixtures connected with +preventers to reÎnforce other rigging. -- Preventer stay. (Naut.) Same +as Preventer, 3. + +Pre*vent"ing*ly, adv. So as to prevent or hinder. + +Pre*ven"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. prÈvention.] 1. The act of going, or state +of being, before. [Obs.] + + The greater the distance, the greater the prevention. + + +Bacon. + +2. Anticipation; esp., anticipation of needs or wishes; hence, +precaution; forethought. [Obs.] Hammond. Shak. + +3. The act of preventing or hindering; obstruction of action, access, +or approach; thwarting. South. + + Casca, be sudden, for we fear prevention. + + +Shak. + +4. Prejudice; prepossession. [A Gallicism] Dryden. + +Pre*ven"tion*al (?), a. Tending to prevent. [Obs.] + +Pre*vent"ive (?), a. [Cf. F. prÈventif.] 1. Going before; preceding. +[Obs.] + + Any previous counsel or preventive understanding. + + +Cudworth. + +2. Tending to defeat or hinder; obviating; preventing the access of; +as, a medicine preventive of disease. + + Physic is either curative or preventive. + + +Sir T. Browne. + +Preventive service, the duty performed by the armed police in guarding +the coast against smuggling. [Eng] + +Pre*vent"ive, n. That which prevents, hinders, or obstructs; that which +intercepts access; in medicine, something to prevent disease; a +prophylactic. + +Pre*vent"ive*ly, adv. In a preventive manner. + +Pre*ver"te*bral (?), a. (Anat.) Situated immediately in front, or on +the ventral side, of the vertebral column; prespinal. + +Pre"vi*ous (?), a. [L. praevius going before, leading the way; prae +before + via the way. See Voyage.] Going before in time; being or +happening before something else; antecedent; prior; as, previous +arrangements; a previous illness. + + The dull sound . . . previous to the storm, Rolls o'er the + muttering earth. + + +Thomson. + +Previous question. (Parliamentary Practice) See under Question, and +compare Closure. -- Previous to, before; -- often used adverbially for +previously. "Previous to publication." M. Arnold. "A policy . . . his +friends had advised previous to 1710." J. H. Newman. + +Syn. -- Antecedent; preceding; anterior; prior; foregoing; former. + +Pre"vi*ous*ly, adv. Beforehand; antecedently; as, a plan previously +formed. + +Pre"vi*ous*ness, n. The quality or state of being previous; priority or +antecedence in time. + +Pre*vise" (?), v. t. [L. praevisus, p. p. of praevidere to foresee; +prae before + videre to see. See Vision.] 1. To foresee. [R.] + +2. To inform beforehand; to warn. Ld. Lytton. + +Pre*vi"sion (?), n. [Cf. F. prÈvision.] Foresight; foreknowledge; +prescience. H. Spencer. + +Pre*voy"ant (?), a. [F. prÈvoyant.] Foreseeing; prescient. [R.] Mrs. +Oliphant. + +Pre*warn" (?), v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Prewarned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Prewarning.] To warn beforehand; to forewarn. [R.] + +<! p. 1136 !> + +Prey (?), n. [OF. preie, F. proie, L. praeda, probably for praeheda. +See Prehensile, and cf. Depredate, Predatory.] Anything, as goods, +etc., taken or got by violence; anything taken by force from an enemy +in war; spoil; booty; plunder. + + And they brought the captives, and the prey, and the spoil, unto + Moses, and Eleazar the priest. + + +Num. xxxi. 12. + +2. That which is or may be seized by animals or birds to be devoured; +hence, a person given up as a victim. + + The old lion perisheth for lack of prey. + + +Job iv. ii. + + Already sees herself the monster's prey. + + +Dryden. + +3. The act of devouring other creatures; ravage. + + Hog in sloth, fox in stealth, . . . lion in prey. + + +Shak. + +Beast of prey, a carnivorous animal; one that feeds on the flesh of +other animals. + +Prey (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Preyed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Preying.] +[OF. preier, preer, L. praedari, fr. praeda. See Prey, n.] To take +booty; to gather spoil; to ravage; to take food by violence. + + More pity that the eagle should be mewed, While kites and buzzards + prey at liberty. + + +Shak. + +To prey on or upon. (a) To take prey from; to despoil; to pillage; to +rob. Shak. (b) To seize as prey; to take for food by violence; to seize +and devour. Shak. (c) To wear away gradually; to cause to waste or pine +away; as, the trouble preyed upon his mind. Addison. + +Prey"er (?), n. One who, or that which, preys; a plunderer; a waster; a +devourer. Hooker. + +Prey"ful (?), a. 1. Disposed to take prey. [Obs.] + + The preyful brood of savage beasts. + + +Chapman. + +2. Rich in prey. [Obs.] Shak. + +||Pre*zyg`a*poph"y*sis (?), n.; pl. Prezygapophyses (#). [NL. See Pre- +||, and Zygapophysis.] (Anat.) An anterior zygapophysis. + +Pri"al (?), n. A corruption of pair royal. See under Pair, n. + +Pri"an (?), n. [Cornish, clayey ground, from pri clay.] (Mining) A +fine, white, somewhat friable clay; also, the ore contained in a +mixture of clay and pebbles. [Written also pryan.] + +Pri`a*pe"an (?), n. [Cf. L. Priapeius pertaining to Priapus.] (Lat. +Pros.) A species of hexameter verse so constructed as to be divisible +into two portions of three feet each, having generally a trochee in the +first and the fourth foot, and an amphimacer in the third; -- applied +also to a regular hexameter verse when so constructed as to be +divisible into two portions of three feet each. Andrews. + +Pri"a*pism, n. [L. priapismus, Gr. &?;, from Priapus the god of +procreation, the penis, Gr. &?;: cf. F. priapisme.] (Med.) More or less +permanent erection and rigidity of the penis, with or without sexual +desire. + +||Pri*ap`u*la"ce*a (?), n. pl. [NL. See Priapism.] (Zoˆl.) A suborder +||of GephyrÊa, having a cylindrical body with a terminal anal opening, +||and usually with one or two caudal gills. + +Pric"a*sour (?), n. A hard rider. [Obs.] + +Price (?), n. [OE. pris, OF. pris, F. prix, L. pretium; cf. Gr. &?; I +sell &?; to buy, Skr. pa&?; to buy, OI. renim I sell. Cf. Appreciate, +Depreciate, Interpret, Praise, n. & v., Precious, Prize.] 1. The sum or +amount of money at which a thing is valued, or the value which a seller +sets on his goods in market; that for which something is bought or +sold, or offered for sale; equivalent in money or other means of +exchange; current value or rate paid or demanded in market or in +barter; cost. "Buy wine and milk without money and without price." Isa. +lv. 1. + + We can afford no more at such a price. + + +Shak. + +2. Value; estimation; excellence; worth. + + Her price is far above rubies. + + +Prov. xxxi. 10. + + New treasures still, of countless price. + + +Keble. + +3. Reward; recompense; as, the price of industry. + + 'T is the price of toil, The knave deserves it when he tills the + soil. + + +Pope. + +Price current, or Price list, a statement or list of the prevailing +prices of merchandise, stocks, specie, bills of exchange, etc., +published statedly or occasionally. + +Price, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Priced (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pricing.] 1. To +pay the price of. [Obs.] + + With thine own blood to price his blood. + + +Spenser. + +2. To set a price on; to value. See Prize. + +3. To ask the price of; as, to price eggs. [Colloq.] + +Priced (?), a. Rated in price; valued; as, high-priced goods; +low-priced labor. + +Price"ite (?), n. [From Thomas Price of San Francisco.] (Min.) A +hydrous borate of lime, from Oregon. + +Price"less, a. 1. Too valuable to admit of being appraised; of +inestimable worth; invaluable. + +2. Of no value; worthless. [R.] J. Barlow. + +Prick (?), n. [AS. prica, pricca, pricu; akin to LG. prick, pricke, D. +prik, Dan. prik, prikke, Sw. prick. Cf. Prick, v.] 1. That which +pricks, penetrates, or punctures; a sharp and slender thing; a pointed +instrument; a goad; a spur, etc.; a point; a skewer. + + Pins, wooden pricks, nails, sprigs of rosemary. + + +Shak. + + It is hard for thee to kick against the pricks. + + +Acts ix. 5. + +2. The act of pricking, or the sensation of being pricked; a sharp, +stinging pain; figuratively, remorse. "The pricks of conscience." A. +Tucker. + +3. A mark made by a pointed instrument; a puncture; a point. Hence: (a) +A point or mark on the dial, noting the hour. [Obs.] "The prick of +noon." Shak. (b) The point on a target at which an archer aims; the +mark; the pin. "They that shooten nearest the prick." Spenser. (c) A +mark denoting degree; degree; pitch. [Obs.] "To prick of highest praise +forth to advance." Spenser. (d) A mathematical point; -- regularly used +in old English translations of Euclid. (e) The footprint of a hare. +[Obs.] + +4. (Naut.) A small roll; as, a prick of spun yarn; a prick of tobacco. + +Prick (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pricked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pricking.] +[AS. prician; akin to LG. pricken, D. prikken, Dan. prikke, Sw. pricka. +See Prick, n., and cf. Prink, Prig.] 1. To pierce slightly with a +sharp- pointed instrument or substance; to make a puncture in, or to +make by puncturing; to drive a fine point into; as, to prick one with a +pin, needle, etc.; to prick a card; to prick holes in paper. + +2. To fix by the point; to attach or hang by puncturing; as, to prick a +knife into a board. Sir I. Newton. + + The cooks prick it [a slice] on a prong of iron. + + +Sandys. + +3. To mark or denote by a puncture; to designate by pricking; to +choose; to mark; -- sometimes with off. + + Some who are pricked for sheriffs. + + +Bacon. + + Let the soldiers for duty be carefully pricked off. + + +Sir W. Scott. + + Those many, then, shall die: their names are pricked. + + +Shak. + +4. To mark the outline of by puncturing; to trace or form by pricking; +to mark by punctured dots; as, to prick a pattern for embroidery; to +prick the notes of a musical composition. Cowper. + +5. To ride or guide with spurs; to spur; to goad; to incite; to urge +on; -- sometimes with on, or off. + + Who pricketh his blind horse over the fallows. + + +Chaucer. + + The season pricketh every gentle heart. + + +Chaucer. + + My duty pricks me on to utter that. + + +Shak. + +6. To affect with sharp pain; to sting, as with remorse. "I was pricked +with some reproof." Tennyson. + + Now when they heard this, they were pricked in their heart. + + +Acts ii. 37. + +7. To make sharp; to erect into a point; to raise, as something +pointed; -- said especially of the ears of an animal, as a horse or +dog; and usually followed by up; -- hence, to prick up the ears, to +listen sharply; to have the attention and interest strongly engaged. +"The courser . . . pricks up his ears." Dryden. + +8. To render acid or pungent. [Obs.] Hudibras. + +9. To dress; to prink; -- usually with up. [Obs.] + +10. (Naut) (a) To run a middle seam through, as the cloth of a sail. +(b) To trace on a chart, as a ship's course. + +11. (Far.) (a) To drive a nail into (a horse's foot), so as to cause +lameness. (b) To nick. + +Prick, v. i. 1. To be punctured; to suffer or feel a sharp pain, as by +puncture; as, a sore finger pricks. + +2. To spur onward; to ride on horseback. Milton. + + A gentle knight was pricking on the plain. + + +Spenser. + +3. To become sharp or acid; to turn sour, as wine. + +4. To aim at a point or mark. Hawkins. + +Prick"-eared` (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Having erect, pointed ears; -- said of +certain dogs. + + Thou prick-eared cur of Iceland. + + +Shak. + +Prick"er (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, pricks; a pointed +instrument; a sharp point; a prickle. + +2. One who spurs forward; a light horseman. + + The prickers, who rode foremost, . . . halted. + + +Sir W. Scott. + +3. A priming wire; a priming needle, -- used in blasting and gunnery. +Knight. + +4. (Naut.) A small marline spike having generally a wooden handle, -- +used in sailmaking. R. H. Dana, Ir. + +Prick"et (?), n. [Perhaps so called from the state of his horns. See +Prick, and cf. Brocket.] (Zoˆl.) A buck in his second year. See Note +under 3d Buck. Shak. + +Prick"ing, n. 1. The act of piercing or puncturing with a sharp point. +"There is that speaketh like the prickings of a sword." Prov. xii. 18 +[1583]. + +2. (Far.) (a) The driving of a nail into a horse's foot so as to +produce lameness. (b) Same as Nicking. + +3. A sensation of being pricked. Shak. + +4. The mark or trace left by a hare's foot; a prick; also, the act of +tracing a hare by its footmarks. [Obs.] + +5. Dressing one's self for show; prinking. [Obs.] + +Prick"ing-up (?), n. (Arch.) The first coating of plaster in work of +three coats upon laths. Its surface is scratched once to form a better +key for the next coat. In the United States called scratch coat. Brande +& C. + +Pric"kle (?), n. [AS. pricele, pricle; akin to LG. prickel, D. prikkel. +See Prick, n.] 1. A little prick; a small, sharp point; a fine, sharp +process or projection, as from the skin of an animal, the bark of a +plant, etc.; a spine. Bacon. + +2. A kind of willow basket; -- a term still used in some branches of +trade. B. Jonson. + +3. A sieve of filberts, -- about fifty pounds. [Eng.] + +Pric"kle, v. t. To prick slightly, as with prickles, or fine, sharp +points. + + Felt a horror over me creep, Prickle skin, and catch my breath. + + +Tennyson. + +{ Pric"kle*back` (?), Pric"kle*fish` (?), } n. (Zoˆl.) The stickleback. + +Prick"li*ness (?), n. [From Prickly.] The quality of being prickly, or +of having many prickles. + +Prick"ling (?), a. Prickly. [Obs.] Spenser. + +Prick"louse` (?), n. A tailor; -- so called in contempt. [Old slang] +L'Estrange. + +Prick"ly, a. Full of sharp points or prickles; armed or covered with +prickles; as, a prickly shrub. + +Prickly ash (Bot.), a prickly shrub (Xanthoxylum Americanum) with +yellowish flowers appearing with the leaves. All parts of the plant are +pungent and aromatic. The southern species is X. Carolinianum. Gray. -- +Prickly heat (Med.), a noncontagious cutaneous eruption of red pimples, +attended with intense itching and tingling of the parts affected. It is +due to inflammation of the sweat glands, and is often brought on by +overheating the skin in hot weather. -- Prickly pear (Bot.), a name +given to several plants of the cactaceous genus Opuntia, American +plants consisting of fleshy, leafless, usually flattened, and often +prickly joints inserted upon each other. The sessile flowers have many +petals and numerous stamens. The edible fruit is a large pear-shaped +berry containing many flattish seeds. The common species of the +Northern Atlantic States is Opuntia vulgaris. In the South and West are +many others, and in tropical America more than a hundred more. O. +vulgaris, O. Ficus-Indica, and O. Tuna are abundantly introduced in the +Mediterranean region, and O. Dillenii has become common in India. -- +Prickly pole (Bot.), a West Indian palm (Bactris Plumierana), the +slender trunk of which bears many rings of long black prickles. -- +Prickly withe (Bot.), a West Indian cactaceous plant (Cereus +triangularis) having prickly, slender, climbing, triangular stems. -- +Prickly rat (Zoˆl.), any one of several species of South American +burrowing rodents belonging to Ctenomys and allied genera. The hair is +usually intermingled with sharp spines. + +Prick"mad`am (?), n. [F. trique- madame. Cf. Tripmadam.] (Bot.) A name +given to several species of stonecrop, used as ingredients of vermifuge +medicines. See Stonecrop. + +Prick"punch` (?), n. A pointed steel punch, to prick a mark on metal. + +Prick"shaft` (?), n. An arrow. [Obs.] + +Prick"song` (?; 115), n. [See Prick, v. t., 4.] Music written, or +noted, with dots or points; -- so called from the points or dots with +which it is noted down. [Obs.] + + He fights as you sing pricksong. + + +Shak. + +Prick"wood` (?), n. (Bot.) A shrub (Euonymus EuropÊus); -- so named +from the use of its wood for goads, skewers, and shoe pegs. Called also +spindle tree. + +Prick"y (?), a. Stiff and sharp; prickly. Holland. + +Pride (?), n. [Cf. AS. lamprede, LL. lampreda, E. lamprey.] (Zoˆl.) A +small European lamprey (Petromyzon branchialis); -- called also prid, +and sandpiper. + +Pride, n. [AS. prte; akin to Icel. pri honor, ornament, pr&?;&?;a to +adorn, Dan. pryde, Sw. pryda; cf. W. prydus comely. See Proud.] 1. The +quality or state of being proud; inordinate self-esteem; an +unreasonable conceit of one's own superiority in talents, beauty, +wealth, rank, etc., which manifests itself in lofty airs, distance, +reserve, and often in contempt of others. + + Those that walk in pride he is able to abase. + + +Dan. iv. 37. + + Pride that dines on vanity sups on contempt. + + +Franklin. + +2. A sense of one's own worth, and abhorrence of what is beneath or +unworthy of one; lofty self-respect; noble self- esteem; elevation of +character; dignified bearing; proud delight; -- in a good sense. + + Thus to relieve the wretched was his pride. + + +Goldsmith. + + A people which takes no pride in the noble achievements of remote + ancestors will never achieve anything worthy to be remembered with + pride by remote descendants. + + +Macaulay. + +3. Proud or disdainful behavior or treatment; insolence or arrogance of +demeanor; haughty bearing and conduct; insolent exultation; disdain. + + Let not the foot of pride come against me. + + +Ps. xxxvi. 11. + + That hardly we escaped the pride of France. + + +Shak. + +4. That of which one is proud; that which excites boasting or +self-gratulation; the occasion or ground of self- esteem, or of +arrogant and presumptuous confidence, as beauty, ornament, noble +character, children, etc. + + Lofty trees yclad with summer's pride. + + +Spenser. + + I will cut off the pride of the Philistines. + + +Zech. ix. 6. + + A bold peasantry, their country's pride. + + +Goldsmith. + +5. Show; ostentation; glory. + + Pride, pomp, and circumstance of glorious war. + + +Shak. + +6. Highest pitch; elevation reached; loftiness; prime; glory; as, to be +in the pride of one's life. + + A falcon, towering in her pride of place. + + +Shak. + +7. Consciousness of power; fullness of animal spirits; mettle; +wantonness; hence, lust; sexual desire; esp., an excitement of sexual +appetite in a female beast. [Obs.] + +Pride of India, or Pride of China. (Bot.) See Margosa. -- Pride of the +desert (Zoˆl.), the camel. + +Syn. -- Self-exaltation; conceit; hauteur; haughtiness; lordliness; +loftiness. -- Pride, Vanity. Pride is a high or an excessive esteem of +one's self for some real or imagined superiority, as rank, wealth, +talents, character, etc. Vanity is the love of being admired, praised, +exalted, etc., by others. Vanity is an ostentation of pride; but one +may have great pride without displaying it. Vanity, which is +etymologically "emptiness," is applied especially to the exhibition of +pride in superficialities, as beauty, dress, wealth, etc. + +Pride, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Prided; p. pr. & vb. n. Priding.] To indulge +in pride, or self-esteem; to rate highly; to plume; -- used +reflexively. Bp. Hall. + + Pluming and priding himself in all his services. + + +South. + +Pride, v. i. To be proud; to glory. [R.] + +Pride"ful (?), a. Full of pride; haughty. Tennyson. + +-- Pride"ful*ly, adv. -- Pride"ful- ness, n. + +Pride"less, a. Without pride. Chaucer. + +Prid"i*an (?), a. [L. pridianus.] Of or pertaining to the day before, +or yesterday. [R.] Thackeray. + +Prid"ing*ly (?), adv. Proudly. [Obs.] + +Prie (?), n. (Bot.) The plant privet. [Obs.] Tusser. + +Prie, v. i. To pry. [Obs.] Chaucer. + +Pried (?), imp. & p. p. of Pry. + +Prie`dieu" (?), n. [F., literally, pray God.] A kneeling desk for +prayers. + +Prief (?), n. Proof. [Obs.] Spenser. Lydgate. + +Pri"er (?), n. [From Pry.] One who pries; one who inquires narrowly and +searches, or is inquisitive. + + So pragmatical a prier he is into divine secrets. + + +Fuller. + +Priest (?), n. [OE. prest, preost, AS. preÛst, fr. L. presbyter, Gr. +&?; elder, older, n., an elder, compar. of &?; an old man, the first +syllable of which is probably akin to L. pristinus. Cf. Pristine, +Presbyter.] + +<! p. 1137 !> + +1. (Christian Church) A presbyter elder; a minister; specifically: (a) +(R. C. Ch. & Gr. Ch.) One who is authorized to consecrate the host and +to say Mass; but especially, one of the lowest order possessing this +power. Murdock. (b) (Ch. of Eng. & Prot. Epis. Ch.) A presbyter; one +who belongs to the intermediate order between bishop and deacon. He is +authorized to perform all ministerial services except those of +ordination and confirmation. + +2. One who officiates at the altar, or performs the rites of sacrifice; +one who acts as a mediator between men and the divinity or the gods in +any form of religion; as, Buddhist priests. "The priests of Dagon." 1 +Sam. v. 5. + + Then the priest of Jupiter . . . brought oxen and garlands . . . + and would have done sacrifice with the people. + + +Acts xiv. 13. + + Every priest taken from among men is ordained for men in things + pertaining to God, that he may offer both gifts and sacrifices for + sins. + + +Heb. v. 1. + +In the New Testament presbyters are not called priests; but Christ is +designated as a priest, and as a high priest, and all Christians are +designated priests. + +Priest (?), v. t. To ordain as priest. + +Priest"cap` (?), n. (Fort.) A form of redan, so named from its shape; +-- called also swallowtail. + +Priest"craft` (?), n. Priestly policy; the policy of a priesthood; +esp., in an ill sense, fraud or imposition in religious concerns; +management by priests to gain wealth and power by working upon the +religious motives or credulity of others. + + It is better that men should be governed by priestcraft than by + violence. + + +Macaulay. + +Priest"er*y (?), n. Priests, collectively; the priesthood; -- so called +in contempt. [R.] Milton. + +Priest"ess, n. A woman who officiated in sacred rites among pagans. +Abp. Potter. + +Priest"hood (?), n. 1. The office or character of a priest; the +priestly function. Bk. of Com. Prayer. + +2. Priests, taken collectively; the order of men set apart for sacred +offices; the order of priests. + +Priest"ing, n. The office of a priest. [Obs.] Milton. + +Priest"ism (?), n. The influence, doctrines, principles, etc., of +priests or the priesthood. [R.] + +Priest"less, a. Without a priest. Pope. + +Priest"like` (?), a. Priestly. B. Jonson. + +Priest"li*ness (?), n. The quality or state of being priestly. R. +Browning. + +Priest"ly, a. Of or pertaining to a priest or the priesthood; +sacerdotal; befitting or becoming a priest; as, the priestly office; a +priestly farewell. Shak. + +Priest"-rid`den (?), a. Controlled or oppressed by priests; as, a +priest-ridden people. Swift. + +Prieve (?), v. t. To prove. [Obs. or Scot.] + +Prig (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Prigged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Prigging +(?).] [A modification of prick.] To haggle about the price of a +commodity; to bargain hard. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.] + +Prig, v. t. 1. To cheapen. [Scot.] + +2. [Perhaps orig., to ride off with. See Prick, v. t.] To filch or +steal; as, to prig a handkerchief. [Cant] + +Prig, n. 1. A pert, conceited, pragmatical fellow. + + The queer prig of a doctor. + + +Macaulay. + +2. A thief; a filcher. [Cant] Shak. + +Prig"ger*y (?), n. Priggism. + +Prig"gish (?), a. Like a prig; conceited; pragmatical. -- Prig"gish*ly, +adv. -- Prig"gish-ness, n. + +Prig"gism (?), n. 1. The quality or state of being priggish; the +manners of a prig. Ed. Rev. + +2. Roguery; thievery. [Obs.] Fielding. + +Prigh"te (?), obs. imp. of Prick. Chaucer. + +Prill (?), n. [Cf. Brill.] (Zoˆl.) The brill. + +Prill, v. i. To flow. [Obs.] Stow. + +Prill, n. A stream. [Obs.] Davies (Microcosmos). + +Prill, n. [Etymol. uncertain.] 1. (Mining) (a) A nugget of virgin +metal. (b) Ore selected for excellence. + +2. The button of metal from an assay. + +Pril"lion (?), n. Tin extracted from the slag. + +Prim (?), n. [See Privet.] (Bot) The privet. + +Prim, a. [OF. prim, prin, prime, first, principal. sharp, thin, +piercing, fr. L. primus first. See Prime, a.] Formal; precise; +affectedly neat or nice; as, prim regularity; a prim person. Swift. + +Prim, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Primmed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Primming.] To +deck with great nicety; to arrange with affected preciseness; to prink. + +Prim, v. i. To dress or act smartly. [R.] + +Pri"ma*cy (?), n. [LL. primatia, fr. L. primas, -atis, one of the first +or principal, chief, fr. primus first: cf. F. primatie. See Prime, a.] +1. The state or condition of being prime or first, as in time, place, +rank, etc., hence, excellency; supremacy. [R.] De Quincey. + +2. The office, rank, or character of a primate; the chief +ecclesiastical station or dignity in a national church; the office or +dignity of an archbishop; as, the primacy of England. + +||Pri"ma don"na (?); pl. E. Prima donnas (#), It. Prime (#) Donne (#). +||[It., fr. primo, prima, the first + donna lady, mistress. See Prime, +||a., and Donna.] The first or chief female singer in an opera. + +||Pri"ma fa"ci*e (?). [L., from abl. of primus first + abl. of facies +||appearance.] At first view; on the first appearance. + +Prima facie evidence (of a fact) (Law), evidence which is sufficient to +establish the fact unless rebutted. Bouvier. + +Pri"mage (?; 48), n. [F.] (Com.) A charge in addition to the freight; +originally, a gratuity to the captain for his particular care of the +goods (sometimes called hat money), but now belonging to the owners or +freighters of the vessel, unless by special agreement the whole or part +is assigned to the captain. Homans. + +Pri"mal (?), a. [LL. primalis, fr. L. primus the first. See Prime, a.] +First; primary; original; chief. + + It hath the primal eldest curse upon it. + + +Shak. + + The primal duties shine aloft like stars. + + +Wordsworth. + +Pri*mal"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being primal. [Obs.] + +Pri"ma*ri*ly (?), adv. In a primary manner; in the first place; in the +first place; in the first intention; originally. + +Pri"ma*ri*ness, n. The quality or state of being primary, or first in +time, in act, or in intention. Norris. + +Pri"ma*ry (?), a. [L. primarius, fr. primus first: cf. F. primaire. See +Prime, a., and cf. Premier, Primero.] 1. First in order of time or +development or in intention; primitive; fundamental; original. + + The church of Christ, in its primary institution. + + +Bp. Pearson. + + These I call original, or primary, qualities of body. + + +Locke. + +2. First in order, as being preparatory to something higher; as, +primary assemblies; primary schools. + +3. First in dignity or importance; chief; principal; as, primary +planets; a matter of primary importance. + +4. (Geol.) Earliest formed; fundamental. + +5. (Chem.) Illustrating, possessing, or characterized by, some quality +or property in the first degree; having undergone the first stage of +substitution or replacement. + +Primary alcohol (Organic Chem.), any alcohol which possess the group +CH2.OH, and can be oxidized so as to form a corresponding aldehyde and +acid having the same number of carbon atoms; -- distinguished from +secondary ∧ tertiary alcohols. -- Primary amine (Chem.), an amine +containing the amido group, or a derivative of ammonia in which only +one atom of hydrogen has been replaced by a basic radical; -- +distinguished from secondary ∧ tertiary amines. -- Primary +amputation (Surg.), an amputation for injury performed as soon as the +shock due to the injury has passed away, and before symptoms of +inflammation supervene. -- Primary axis (Bot.), the main stalk which +bears a whole cluster of flowers. -- Primary colors. See under Color. +-- Primary meeting, a meeting of citizens at which the first steps are +taken towards the nomination of candidates, etc. See Caucus. -- Primary +pinna (Bot.), one of those portions of a compound leaf or frond which +branch off directly from the main rhachis or stem, whether simple or +compounded. -- Primary planets. (Astron.) See the Note under Planet. -- +Primary qualities of bodies, such are essential to and inseparable from +them. -- Primary quills (Zoˆl.), the largest feathers of the wing of a +bird; primaries. -- Primary rocks (Geol.), a term early used for rocks +supposed to have been first formed, being crystalline and containing no +organic remains, as granite, gneiss, etc.; -- called also primitive +rocks. The terms Secondary, Tertiary, and Quaternary rocks have also +been used in like manner, but of these the last two only are now in +use. -- Primary salt (Chem.), a salt derived from a polybasic acid in +which only one acid hydrogen atom has been replaced by a base or basic +radical. -- Primary syphilis (Med.), the initial stage of syphilis, +including the period from the development of the original lesion or +chancre to the first manifestation of symptoms indicative of general +constitutional infection. -- Primary union (Surg.), union without +suppuration; union by the first intention. + +Pri"ma*ry, n.; pl. Primaries (&?;). 1. That which stands first in +order, rank, or importance; a chief matter. + +2. A primary meeting; a caucus. + +3. (Zoˆl.) One of the large feathers on the distal joint of a bird's +wing. See Plumage, and Illust. of Bird. + +4. (Astron.) A primary planet; the brighter component of a double star. +See under Planet. + +Pri"mate (?), n. [OE. primat, F. primat, L. primas, -atis one of the +first, chief, fr. primus the first. See Prime, a.] 1. The chief +ecclesiastic in a national church; one who presides over other bishops +in a province; an archbishop. + +2. (Zoˆl.) One of the Primates. + +||Pri*ma"tes (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zoˆl.) The highest order of mammals. It +||includes man, together with the apes and monkeys. Cf. Pitheci. + +Pri"mate*ship (?), n. The office, dignity, or position of a primate; +primacy. + +Pri*ma"tial (?), a. [Cf. F. primatial.] Primatical. [R.] D'Anville +(Trans. ). + +Pri*mat"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to a primate. Barrow. + +Prime (?), a. [F., fr. L. primus first, a superl. corresponding to the +compar. prior former. See Prior, a., Foremost, Former, and cf. Prim, +a., Primary, Prince.] 1. First in order of time; original; primeval; +primitive; primary. "Prime forests." Tennyson. + + She was not the prime cause, but I myself. + + +Milton. + +In this sense the word is nearly superseded by primitive, except in the +phrase prime cost. + +2. First in rank, degree, dignity, authority, or importance; as, prime +minister. "Prime virtues." Dryden. + +3. First in excellence; of highest quality; as, prime wheat; a prime +quality of cloth. + +4. Early; blooming; being in the first stage. [Poetic] + + His starry helm, unbuckled, showed him prime In manhood where youth + ended. + + +Milton. + +5. Lecherous; lustful; lewd. [Obs.] Shak. + +6. Marked or distinguished by a mark (′) called a prime mark. + +Prime and ultimate ratio. (Math.). See Ultimate. -- Prime conductor. +(Elec.) See under Conductor. -- Prime factor (Arith.), a factor which +is a prime number. -- Prime figure (Geom.), a figure which can not be +divided into any other figure more simple than itself, as a triangle, a +pyramid, etc. -- Prime meridian (Astron.), the meridian from which +longitude is reckoned, as the meridian of Greenwich or Washington. -- +Prime minister, the responsible head of a ministry or executive +government; applied particularly to that of England. -- Prime mover. +(Mech.) (a) A natural agency applied by man to the production of power. +Especially: Muscular force; the weight and motion of fluids, as water +and air; heat obtained by chemical combination, and applied to produce +changes in the volume and pressure of steam, air, or other fluids; and +electricity, obtained by chemical action, and applied to produce +alternation of magnetic force. (b) An engine, or machine, the object of +which is to receive and modify force and motion as supplied by some +natural source, and apply them to drive other machines; as a water +wheel, a water-pressure engine, a steam engine, a hot-air engine, etc. +(c) Fig.: The original or the most effective force in any undertaking +or work; as, Clarkson was the prime mover in English antislavery +agitation. -- Prime number (Arith.), a number which is exactly +divisible by no number except itself or unity, as 5, 7, 11. -- Prime +vertical (Astron.), the vertical circle which passes through the east +and west points of the horizon. -- Prime-vertical dial, a dial in which +the shadow is projected on the plane of the prime vertical. -- +Prime-vertical transit instrument, a transit instrument the telescope +of which revolves in the plane of the prime vertical, -- used for +observing the transit of stars over this circle. + +Prime (?), n. 1. The first part; the earliest stage; the beginning or +opening, as of the day, the year, etc.; hence, the dawn; the spring. +Chaucer. + + In the very prime of the world. + + +Hooker. + + Hope waits upon the flowery prime. + + +Waller. + +2. The spring of life; youth; hence, full health, strength, or beauty; +perfection. "Cut off in their prime." Eustace. "The prime of youth." +Dryden. + +3. That which is first in quantity; the most excellent portion; the +best part. + + Give him always of the prime. + + +Swift. + +4. [F. prime, LL. prima (sc. hora). See Prime, a.] The morning; +specifically (R. C. Ch.), the first canonical hour, succeeding to +lauds. + + Early and late it rung, at evening and at prime. + + +Spenser. + +Originally, prime denoted the first quarter of the artificial day, +reckoned from 6 a. m. to 6 p. m. Afterwards, it denoted the end of the +first quarter, that is, 9 a. m. Specifically, it denoted the first +canonical hour, as now. Chaucer uses it in all these senses, and also +in the sense of def. 1, above. + + They sleep till that it was pryme large. + + +Chaucer. + +5. (Fencing) The first of the chief guards. + +6. (Chem.) Any number expressing the combining weight or equivalent of +any particular element; -- so called because these numbers were +respectively reduced to their lowest relative terms on the fixed +standard of hydrogen as 1. [Obs. or Archaic] + +7. (Arith.) A prime number. See under Prime, a. + +8. An inch, as composed of twelve seconds in the duodecimal system; -- +denoted by [′]. See 2d Inch, n., 1. + +Prime of the moon, the new moon at its first appearance. + +Prime, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Primed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Priming.] [From +Prime, a.] 1. To apply priming to, as a musket or a cannon; to apply a +primer to, as a metallic cartridge. + +2. To lay the first color, coating, or preparation upon (a surface), as +in painting; as, to prime a canvas, a wall. + +3. To prepare; to make ready; to instruct beforehand; to post; to +coach; as, to prime a witness; the boys are primed for mischief. +[Colloq.] Thackeray. + +4. To trim or prune, as trees. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] + +5. (Math.) To mark with a prime mark. + +To prime a pump, to charge a pump with water, in order to put it in +working condition. + +Prime, v. i. 1. To be renewed, or as at first. [Obs.] + + Night's bashful empress, though she often wane, As oft repeats her + darkness, primes again. + + +Quarles. + +2. To serve as priming for the charge of a gun. + +3. To work so that foaming occurs from too violent ebullition, which +causes water to become mixed with, and be carried along with, the steam +that is formed; -- said of a steam boiler. + +Prime"ly, adv. 1. At first; primarily. [Obs.] South. + +2. In a prime manner; excellently. + +Prime"ness, n. 1. The quality or state of being first. + +2. The quality or state of being prime, or excellent. + +Prim"er (?), n. One who, or that which, primes; specifically, an +instrument or device for priming; esp., a cap, tube, or water +containing percussion powder or other compound for igniting a charge of +gunpowder. + +Prim"er, a. [OF. primer, primier, premier, F. premier. See Premier.] +First; original; primary. [Obs.] "The primer English kings." Drayton. + +Primer fine (O. Eng. Law), a fine due to the king on the writ or +commencement of a suit by fine. Blackstone. -- Primer seizin (Feudal +Law), the right of the king, when a tenant in capite died seized of a +knight's fee, to receive of the heir, if of full age, one year's +profits of the land if in possession, and half a year's profits if the +land was in reversion expectant on an estate for life; -- now +abolished. Blackstone. + +Prim"er (?), n. [Originally, the book read at prime, the first +canonical hour. LL. primae liber. See Prime, n., 4.] 1. Originally, a +small prayer book for church service, containing the little office of +the Virgin Mary; also, a work of elementary religious instruction. + + The primer, or office of the Blessed Virgin. + + +Bp. Stillingfleet. + +2. A small elementary book for teaching children to read; a reading or +spelling book for a beginner. + + As he sat in the school at his prymer. + + +Chaucer. + +3. (Print.) A kind of type, of which there are two species; one, called +long primer, intermediate in size between bourgeois and small pica [see +Long primer]; the other, called great primer, larger than pica. + +Great primer type. + +Pri*me"ro (?), n. [Sp. primera, fr. primero first, from L. primarius. +See Premier.] A game at cards, now unknown. Shak. + +Prim"er*ole (?), n. (Bot.) See Primrose. [Obs.] "She was a primerole." +Chaucer. + +Pri*me"val (?), a. [L. primaevus; primus first + aevum age. See Prime, +a., and Age.] Belonging to the first ages; pristine; original; +primitive; primary; as, the primeval innocence of man. "This is the +forest primeval." Longfellow. + + From chaos, and primeval darkness, came Light. + + +Keats. + +Pri*me"val*ly, adv. In a primeval manner; in or from the earliest +times; originally. Darwin. + +Pri*me"vous, a. Primeval. [Obs.] + +<! p. 1138 !> + +Pri`mi*ge"ni*al (?), a. First born, or first of all; original; primary. +See Primogenial. + +{ Pri`mi*ge"ni*ous (?), Pri*mig"e*nous (?), } a. [L. primigenus, +primigenius. See Primogeniture.] First formed or generated; original; +primigenial. Bp. Hall. + +Pri"mine (?), n. [L. primus first: cf. F. primine.] (Bot.) The +outermost of the two integuments of an ovule. + +This word has been used by some writers to denote the inner integument, +which is formed earlier than the outer. Cf. Secundine. + +Prim"ing (?), n. 1. The powder or other combustible used to communicate +fire to a charge of gunpowder, as in a firearm. + +2. (Paint.) The first coating of color, size, or the like, laid on +canvas, or on a building, or other surface. + +3. (Steam Eng.) The carrying over of water, with the steam, from the +boiler, as into the cylinder. + +Priming of the tide. See Lag of the tide, under 2d Lag. -- Priming +tube, a small pipe, filled with a combustible composition for firing +cannon. -- Priming valve (Steam Eng.), a spring safety valve applied to +the cylinder of a steam engine for discharging water carried into the +cylinder by priming. -- Priming wire, a pointed wire used to penetrate +the vent of a piece, for piercing the cartridge before priming. + +||Pri*mip"a*ra (?), n. [L., fr. primus first + parere to bring forth.] +||(Med.) A woman who bears a child for the first time. + +Pri*mip"a*rous (?), a. [See Primipara.] Belonging to a first birth; +bearing young for the first time. + +Pri*mip"i*lar (?), a. [L. primipilaris, fr. primipilus the centurion of +the first cohort of a Roman legion, fr. primus pilus the division made +up of the triarii in the Roman army.] Of or pertaining to the captain +of the vanguard of a Roman army. Barrow. + +||Pri*mi"ti*a (?), n.; pl. PrimitiÊ (#) (Primitias (#), obs.). [L. +||primitiae, pl., fr. primus first. Cf. Premices.] (Eng. Law) The first +||fruit; the first year's whole profit of an ecclesiastical preferment. + + The primitias of your parsonage. + + +Spenser. + +Pri*mi"tial (?), a. Being of the first production; primitive; original. +[Obs.] Ainsworth. + +Prim"i*tive (?), a. [L. primitivus, fr. primus the first: cf. F. +primitif. See Prime, a.] 1. Of or pertaining to the beginning or +origin, or to early times; original; primordial; primeval; first; as, +primitive innocence; the primitive church. "Our primitive great sire." +Milton. + +2. Of or pertaining to a former time; old- fashioned; characterized by +simplicity; as, a primitive style of dress. + +3. Original; primary; radical; not derived; as, primitive verb in +grammar. + +Primitive axes of coˆrdinate (Geom.), that system of axes to which the +points of a magnitude are first referred, with reference to a second +set or system, to which they are afterward referred. -- Primitive chord +(Mus.), that chord, the lowest note of which is of the same literal +denomination as the fundamental base of the harmony; -- opposed to +derivative. Moore (Encyc. of Music). -- Primitive circle (Spherical +Projection), the circle cut from the sphere to be projected, by the +primitive plane. -- Primitive colors (Paint.), primary colors. See +under Color. -- Primitive Fathers (Eccl.), the acknowledged Christian +writers who flourished before the Council of Nice, A. D. 325. Shipley. +-- Primitive groove (Anat.), a depression or groove in the epiblast of +the primitive streak. It is not connected with the medullary groove, +which appears later and in front of it. -- Primitive plane (Spherical +Projection), the plane upon which the projections are made, generally +coinciding with some principal circle of the sphere, as the equator or +a meridian. -- Primitive rocks (Geol.), primary rocks. See under +Primary. -- Primitive sheath. (Anat.) See Neurilemma. -- Primitive +streak or trace (Anat.), an opaque and thickened band where the +mesoblast first appears in the vertebrate blastoderm. + +Syn. -- First; original; radical; pristine; ancient; primeval; +antiquated; old-fashioned. + +Prim"i*tive, n. An original or primary word; a word not derived from +another; -- opposed to derivative. + +Prim"i*tive*ly, adv. 1. Originally; at first. + +2. Primarily; not derivatively. + +3. According to the original rule or ancient practice; in the ancient +style. South. + +Prim"i*tive*ness, n. The quality or state of being primitive; +conformity to primitive style or practice. + +Prim"i*ty (?), n. Quality of being first; primitiveness. [Obs.] Bp. +Pearson. + +Prim"ly, adv. In a prim or precise manner. + +Prim"ness, n. The quality or state of being prim; affected formality or +niceness; preciseness; stiffness. + +||Pri"mo (?), a. [It.] (Mus.) First; chief. + +Pri`mo*ge"ni*al (?), a. [See Primigenial.] First born, made, or +generated; original; primary; elemental; as, primogenial light. +Glanvill. + +Pri`mo*gen"i*tive (?), a. [See Primogeniture.] Of or pertaining to +primogeniture. [R.] + +Pri`mo*gen"i*tive, n. Primogeniture. [Obs.] + + The primogenitive and due of birth. + + +Shak. + +Pri`mo*gen"i*tor (?), n. [LL., fr. L. primus first + genitor a +begetter.] The first ancestor; a forefather. + +Pri`mo*gen"i*ture (?; 135), n. [LL., fr. L. primus first + genitura a +begetting, birth, generation, fr. genere, gignere, to beget: cf. F. +primogÈniture, L. primogenitus firstborn. See Prime, a., and Genus, +Kin.] 1. The state of being the firstborn of the same parents; +seniority by birth among children of the same family. + +2. (Eng. Law) The exclusive right of inheritance which belongs to the +eldest son. Thus in England the right of inheriting the estate of the +father belongs to the eldest son, and in the royal family the eldest +son of the sovereign is entitled to the throne by primogeniture. In +exceptional cases, among the female children, the crown descends by +right of primogeniture to the eldest daughter only and her issue. +Blackstone. + +Pri`mo*gen"i*ture*ship (?), n. The state or privileges of the +firstborn. Burke. + +Pri*mor"di*al (?), a. [L. primordialis, from primordium the first +beginning; primus first + ordiri to begin a web, to begin: cf. F. +primordial.] 1. First in order; primary; original; of earliest origin; +as, primordial condition. "The primordial facts of our intelligent +nature." Sir W. Hamilton. + +2. (Geol.) Of or pertaining to the lowest beds of the Silurian age, +corresponding to the Acadian and Potsdam periods in American geology. +It is called also Cambrian, and by many geologists is separated from +the Silurian. + +3. (Biol.) Originally or earliest formed in the growth of an individual +or organ; as, a primordial leaf; a primordial cell. + +Primordial utricle (Bot.), the interior lining of a young vegetable +cell. + +Pri*mor"di*al, n. A first principle or element. + +Pri*mor"di*al*ism (?), n. Devotion to, or persistence in, conditions of +the primordial state. H. Spencer. + +Pri*mor"di*al*ly, adv. At the beginning; under the first order of +things; originally. + +Pri*mor"di*an (?), n. [L. primordius first of all, fr. primordium.] +(Bot.) A name given to several kinds of plums; as, red primordian, +amber primordian, etc. + +Pri*mor"di*ate (?), a. Primordial. [R.] Boyle. + +Primp (?), v. i. & t. [Cf. Prim, a.] To be formal or affected in dress +or manners; -- often with up. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.] Halliwell. + +Prim"rose` (?), n. [OE. primerole, F. primerole, a derivative fr. LL. +primula, from L. primus first. See Prime, a.] (Bot.) (a) An early +flowering plant of the genus Primula (P. vulgaris) closely allied to +the cowslip. There are several varieties, as the white-, the red-, the +yellow-flowered, etc. Formerly called also primerole, primerolles. (b) +Any plant of the genus Primula. + +Evening primrose, an erect biennial herb (Enothera biennis), with +yellow vespertine flowers, common in the United States. The name is +sometimes extended to other species of the same genus. -- Primrose +peerless, the two-flowered Narcissus (N. biflorus). [Obs.] + +Prim"rose`, a. Of or pertaining to the primrose; of the color of a +primrose; -- hence, flowery; gay. "The primrose path of dalliance." +Shak. + +||Prim"u*la (?), n. [LL. See Primrose.] (Bot.) The genus of plants +||including the primrose (Primula vera). + +Prim`u*la"ceous (?), a. (Bot.) Of or pertaining to an order of +herbaceous plants (PrimulaceÊ), of which the primrose is the type, and +the pimpernel, the cyclamen, and the water violet are other examples. + +||Pri"mum mob"i*le (?). [L., first cause of motion.] (Astron.) In the +||Ptolemaic system, the outermost of the revolving concentric spheres +||constituting the universe, the motion of which was supposed to carry +||with it all the inclosed spheres with their planets in a daily +||revolution from east to west. See Crystalline heavens, under +||Crystalline. + + The motions of the greatest persons in a government ought to be, as + the motions of the planets, under primum mobile. + + +Bacon. + +||Pri"mus (?), n. [L., the first.] One of the bishops of the Episcopal +||Church of Scotland, who presides at the meetings of the bishops, and +||has certain privileges but no metropolitan authority. Internat. Cyc. + +Prim"y (?), a. [From Prime, a.] Being in its prime. [Obs.] "The youth +of primy nature." Shak. + +Prince (?), n. [F., from L. princeps, -cipis, the first, chief; primus +first + capere to take. See Prime, a., and Capacious.] 1. The one of +highest rank; one holding the highest place and authority; a sovereign; +a monarch; - - originally applied to either sex, but now rarely applied +to a female. Wyclif (Rev. i. 5). + + Go, Michael, of celestial armies prince. + + +Milton. + + Queen Elizabeth, a prince admirable above her sex. + + +Camden. + +2. The son of a king or emperor, or the issue of a royal family; as, +princes of the blood. Shak. + +3. A title belonging to persons of high rank, differing in different +countries. In England it belongs to dukes, marquises, and earls, but is +given to members of the royal family only. In Italy a prince is +inferior to a duke as a member of a particular order of nobility; in +Spain he is always one of the royal family. + +4. The chief of any body of men; one at the head of a class or +profession; one who is preÎminent; as, a merchant prince; a prince of +players. "The prince of learning." Peacham. + +Prince-Albert coat, a long double-breasted frock coat for men. -- +Prince of the blood, Prince consort, Prince of darkness. See under +Blood, Consort, and Darkness. -- Prince of Wales, the oldest son of the +English sovereign. -- Prince's feather (Bot.), a name given to two +annual herbs (Amarantus caudatus and Polygonum orientale), with +apetalous reddish flowers arranged in long recurved panicled spikes. -- +Prince's metal, Prince Rupert's metal. See under Metal. Prince's pine. +(Bot.) See Pipsissewa. + +Prince, v. i. To play the prince. [R.] Shak. + +Prince"dom (?), n. The jurisdiction, sovereignty, rank, or estate of a +prince. + + Thrones, princedoms, powers, dominions, I reduce. + + +Milton. + +Prince"hood (?), n. Princeliness. [Obs.] E. Hall. + +Prince"kin (?), n. A petty prince; a princeling. + + The princekins of private life. + + +Thackeray. + +Prince"less, a. Without a prince. Fuller. + +Prince"let (?), n. A petty prince. [R.] + +Prince"like` (?), a. Princely. Shak. + +Prince"li*ness (?), n. The quality of being princely; the state, +manner, or dignity of a prince. + +Prince"ling (?), n. A petty prince; a young prince. + +Prince"ly, a. 1. Of or relating to a prince; regal; royal; of highest +rank or authority; as, princely birth, character, fortune, etc. + +2. Suitable for, or becoming to, a prince; grand; august; munificent; +magnificent; as, princely virtues; a princely fortune. "Most princely +gifts." Shak. + +Prince"ly (?), adv. In a princely manner. + + My appetite was not princely got. + + +Shak. + +Prin"cess (?), n. [F. princesse. See Prince, and cf. Princesse.] 1. A +female prince; a woman having sovereign power, or the rank of a prince. +Dryden. + + So excellent a princess as the present queen. + + +Swift. + +2. The daughter of a sovereign; a female member of a royal family. +Shak. + +3. The consort of a prince; as, the princess of Wales. + +Princess royal, the eldest daughter of a sovereign. + +Prin*cesse" (?), a. [F., a princess.] A term applied to a lady's long, +close-fitting dress made with waist and skirt in one. + +Prin"cess*like` (?), a. Like a princess. + +Prince"wood` (?), n. (Bot.) The wood of two small tropical American +trees (Hamelia ventricosa, and Cordia gerascanthoides). It is brownish, +veined with lighter color. + +Prin"ci*fied (?), a. [Prince + L. -ficare (in comp.).] Imitative of a +prince. [R. & Colloq.] Thackeray. + +Prin"ci*pal (?), a. [F., from L. principalis. See Prince.] 1. Highest +in rank, authority, character, importance, or degree; most considerable +or important; chief; main; as, the principal officers of a Government; +the principal men of a state; the principal productions of a country; +the principal arguments in a case. + + Wisdom is the principal thing. + + +Prov. iv. 7. + +2. Of or pertaining to a prince; princely. [A Latinism] [Obs.] Spenser. + +Principal axis. See Axis of a curve, under Axis. -- Principal axes of a +quadric (Geom.), three lines in which the principal planes of the solid +intersect two and two, as in an ellipsoid. -- Principal challenge. +(Law) See under Challenge. -- Principal plane. See Plane of projection +(a), under Plane. -- Principal of a quadric (Geom.), three planes each +of which is at right angles to the other two, and bisects all chords of +the quadric perpendicular to the plane, as in an ellipsoid. -- +Principal point (Persp.), the projection of the point of sight upon the +plane of projection. -- Principal ray (Persp.), the line drawn through +the point of sight perpendicular to the perspective plane. -- Principal +section (Crystallog.), a plane passing through the optical axis of a +crystal. + +Prin"ci*pal, n. 1. A leader, chief, or head; one who takes the lead; +one who acts independently, or who has controlling authority or +influence; as, the principal of a faction, a school, a firm, etc.; -- +distinguished from a subordinate, abettor, auxiliary, or assistant. + +2. Hence: (Law) (a) The chief actor in a crime, or an abettor who is +present at it, -- as distinguished from an accessory. (b) A chief +obligor, promisor, or debtor, -- as distinguished from a surety. (c) +One who employs another to act for him, -- as distinguished from an +agent. Wharton. Bouvier. Burrill. + +3. A thing of chief or prime importance; something fundamental or +especially conspicuous. Specifically: (a) (Com.) A capital sum of +money, placed out at interest, due as a debt or used as a fund; -- so +called in distinction from interest or profit. (b) (Arch. & Engin.) The +construction which gives shape and strength to a roof, -- generally a +truss of timber or iron, but there are roofs with stone principals. +Also, loosely, the most important member of a piece of framing. (c) +(Mus.) In English organs the chief open metallic stop, an octave above +the open diapason. On the manual it is four feet long, on the pedal +eight feet. In Germany this term corresponds to the English open +diapason. (d) (O. Eng. Law) A heirloom; a mortuary. Cowell. (e) pl. The +first two long feathers of a hawk's wing. Spenser. J. H. Walsh. (f) One +of turrets or pinnacles of waxwork and tapers with which the posts and +center of a funeral hearse were formerly crowned. Oxf. Gloss. (g) A +principal or essential point or rule; a principle. [Obs.] + +Prin`ci*pal"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Principalities (#). [L. principalitas +preÎminence, excellence: cf. F. principalitÈ, principautÈ. See +Principal.] 1. Sovereignty; supreme power; hence, superiority; +predominance; high, or the highest, station. Sir P. Sidney. + + Your principalities shall come down, even the crown of your glory. + + +Jer. xiii. 18. + + The prerogative and principality above everything else. + + +Jer. Taylor. + +2. A prince; one invested with sovereignty. "Next upstood Nisroch, of +principalities the prime." Milton. + +3. The territory or jurisdiction of a prince; or the country which +gives title to a prince; as, the principality of Wales. + +Prin"ci*pal*ly (?), adv. In a principal manner; primarily; above all; +chiefly; mainly. + +Prin"ci*pal*ness, n. The quality of being principal. + +Prin"ci*pate (?), n. [L. principatus: cf. F. principat.] Principality; +supreme rule. [Obs.] Barrow. + +||Prin*cip"i*a (?), n. pl. [L. principium. See Principle.] First +||principles; fundamental beginnings; elements; as. Newton's Principia. + +Prin*cip"i*al (?), a. Elementary. [Obs.] Bacon. + +Prin*cip"i*ant (?), a. [L. principians, p. pr. of principiare to begin, +fr. principium. See Principle.] Relating to principles or beginnings. +[R.] Jer. Taylor. + +Prin*cip"i*ate (?), v. t. [See Principiant.] To begin; to initiate. +[Obs.] Sir M. Hale. + +Prin*cip`i*a"tion (?), n. Analysis into primary or elemental parts. +[Archaic] Bacon. + +Prin"ci*ple (?), n. [F. principe, L. principium beginning, foundation, +fr. princeps, - cipis. See Prince.] 1. Beginning; commencement. [Obs.] + + Doubting sad end of principle unsound. + + +Spenser. + +2. A source, or origin; that from which anything proceeds; fundamental +substance or energy; primordial substance; ultimate element, or cause. + +<! p. 1139 !> + + The soul of man is an active principle. + + +Tillotson. + +3. An original faculty or endowment. + + Nature in your principles hath set [benignity]. + + +Chaucer. + + Those active principles whose direct and ultimate object is the + communication either of enjoyment or suffering. + + +Stewart. + +4. A fundamental truth; a comprehensive law or doctrine, from which +others are derived, or on which others are founded; a general truth; an +elementary proposition; a maxim; an axiom; a postulate. + + Therefore, leaving the principles of the doctrine of Christ, let us + go on unto perfection. + + +Heb. vi. 1. + + A good principle, not rightly understood, may prove as hurtful as a + bad. + + +Milton. + +5. A settled rule of action; a governing law of conduct; an opinion or +belief which exercises a directing influence on the life and behavior; +a rule (usually, a right rule) of conduct consistently directing one's +actions; as, a person of no principle. + + All kinds of dishonesty destroy our pretenses to an honest + principle of mind. + + +Law. + +6. (Chem.) Any original inherent constituent which characterizes a +substance, or gives it its essential properties, and which can usually +be separated by analysis; -- applied especially to drugs, plant +extracts, etc. + + Cathartine is the bitter, purgative principle of senna. + + +Gregory. + +Bitter principle, Principle of contradiction, etc. See under Bitter, +Contradiction, etc. + +Prin"ci*ple (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Principled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Principling (?).] To equip with principles; to establish, or fix, in +certain principles; to impress with any tenet, or rule of conduct, good +or ill. + + Governors should be well principled. + + +L'Estrange. + + Let an enthusiast be principled that he or his teacher is inspired. + + +Locke. + +{ Prin"cock (?), Prin"cox (?), } n. [Prim + cock.] A coxcomb; a pert +boy. [Obs.] + +Prink (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Prinked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Prinking.] +[Probably a nasalized form of prick. See Prick, v. t., and cf. Prig, +Prank.] To dress or adjust one's self for show; to prank. + +Prink, v. t. To prank or dress up; to deck fantastically. "And prink +their hair with daisies." Cowper. + +Prink"er (?), n. One who prinks. + +Prin"prid`dle (?), n. (Zoˆl.) The long-tailed titmouse. [Prov. Eng.] + +Print (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Printed; p. pr. & vb. n. Printing.] +[Abbrev. fr. imprint. See Imprint, and Press to squeeze.] 1. To fix or +impress, as a stamp, mark, character, idea, etc., into or upon +something. + + A look will print a thought that never may remove. + + +Surrey. + + Upon his breastplate he beholds a dint, Which in that field young + Edward's sword did print. + + +Sir John Beaumont. + + Perhaps some footsteps printed in the clay. + + +Roscommon. + +2. To stamp something in or upon; to make an impression or mark upon by +pressure, or as by pressure. + + Forth on his fiery steed betimes he rode, That scarcely prints the + turf on which he trod. + + +Dryden. + +3. Specifically: To strike off an impression or impressions of, from +type, or from stereotype, electrotype, or engraved plates, or the like; +in a wider sense, to do the typesetting, presswork, etc., of (a book or +other publication); as, to print books, newspapers, pictures; to print +an edition of a book. + +4. To stamp or impress with colored figures or patterns; as, to print +calico. + +5. (Photog.) To take (a copy, a positive picture, etc.), from a +negative, a transparent drawing, or the like, by the action of light +upon a sensitized surface. + +Printed goods, textile fabrics printed in patterns, especially cotton +cloths, or calicoes. + +Print, v. i. 1. To use or practice the art of typography; to take +impressions of letters, figures, or electrotypes, engraved plates, or +the like. + +2. To publish a book or an article. + + From the moment he prints, he must except to hear no more truth. + + +Pope. + +Print, n. [See Print, v., Imprint, n.] 1. A mark made by impression; a +line, character, figure, or indentation, made by the pressure of one +thing on another; as, the print of teeth or nails in flesh; the print +of the foot in sand or snow. + + Where print of human feet was never seen. + + +Dryden. + +2. A stamp or die for molding or impressing an ornamental design upon +an object; as, a butter print. + +3. That which receives an impression, as from a stamp or mold; as, a +print of butter. + +4. Printed letters; the impression taken from type, as to excellence, +form, size, etc.; as, small print; large print; this line is in print. + +5. That which is produced by printing. Specifically: (a) An impression +taken from anything, as from an engraved plate. "The prints which we +see of antiquities." Dryden. (b) A printed publication, more especially +a newspaper or other periodical. Addison. (c) A printed cloth; a fabric +figured by stamping, especially calico or cotton cloth. (d) A +photographic copy, or positive picture, on prepared paper, as from a +negative, or from a drawing on transparent paper. + +6. (Founding) A core print. See under Core. + +Blue print, a copy in white lines on a blue ground, of a drawing, plan, +tracing, etc., or a positive picture in blue and white, from a +negative, produced by photographic printing on peculiarly prepared +paper. -- In print. (a) In a printed form; issued from the press; +published. Shak. (b) To the letter; with accurateness. "All this I +speak in print." Shak. -- Out of print. See under Out. -- Print works, +a factory where cloth, as calico, is printed. + +Print"a-ble (?), a. Worthy to be published. [R.] + +Print"er (?), n. One who prints; especially, one who prints books, +newspapers, engravings, etc., a compositor; a typesetter; a pressman. + +Printer's devil, Printer's gauge. See under Devil, and Gauge. -- +Printer's ink. See Printing ink, below. + +Print"er*y (?), n. A place where cloth is printed; print works; also, a +printing office. [R.] + +Print"ing, n. The act, art, or practice of impressing letters, +characters, or figures on paper, cloth, or other material; the business +of a printer, including typesetting and presswork, with their adjuncts; +typography; also, the act of producing photographic prints. + +Block printing. See under Block. -- Printing frame (Photog.), a shallow +box, usually having a glass front, in which prints are made by exposure +to light. -- Printing house, a printing office. -- Printing ink, ink +used in printing books, newspapers, etc. It is composed of lampblack or +ivory black mingled with linseed or nut oil, made thick by boiling and +burning. Other ingredients are employed for the finer qualities. Ure. +-- Printing office, a place where books, pamphlets, or newspapers, +etc., are printed. -- Printing paper, paper used in the printing of +books, pamphlets, newspapers, and the like, as distinguished from +writing paper, wrapping paper, etc. -- Printing press, a press for +printing, books, newspaper, handbills, etc. -- Printing wheel, a wheel +with letters or figures on its periphery, used in machines for paging +or numbering, or in ticket-printing machines, typewriters, etc.; a type +wheel. + +Print"less, a. Making no imprint. Milton. + +Print"less, a. Making no imprint. Milton. + +Print"shop`, n. A shop where prints are sold. + +Pri"or (?), a. [L. prior former, previous, better, superior; compar. +corresponding to primus first, and pro for. See Former, and cf. Prime, +a., and Pre-, Pro-.] Preceding in the order of time; former; +antecedent; anterior; previous; as, a prior discovery; prior +obligation; -- used elliptically in cases like the following: he lived +alone [in the time] prior to his marriage. + +Pri"or, n. [OE. priour, OF. priour, prior, priur, F. prieur, from L. +prior former, superior. See Prior, a.] (Eccl.) The superior of a +priory, and next below an abbot in dignity. + +Conventical, or Conventual, prior, a prior who is at the head of his +own house. See the Note under Priory. -- Claustral prior, an official +next in rank to the abbot in a monastery; prior of the cloisters. + +Pri"or*ate (?), n. [LL. prioratus: cf. F. priorat.] The dignity, +office, or government, of a prior. T. Warton. + +Pri"or*ess, n. [OF. prioresse.] A lady superior of a priory of nuns, +and next in dignity to an abbess. + +Pri*or"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. prioritÈ. See Prior, a.] 1. The quality or +state of being prior or antecedent in time, or of preceding something +else; as, priority of application. + +2. Precedence; superior rank. Shak. + +Priority of debts, a superior claim to payment, or a claim to payment +before others. + +Syn. -- Antecedence; precedence; preÎminence. + +Pri"or*ly (?), adv. Previously. [R.] Geddes. + +Pri"or*ship, n. The state or office of prior; priorate. + +Pri"o*ry (?), n.; pl. Priories (#). [Cf. LL. prioria. See Prior, n.] A +religious house presided over by a prior or prioress; -- sometimes an +offshoot of, an subordinate to, an abbey, and called also cell, and +obedience. See Cell, 2. + +Of such houses there were two sorts: one where the prior was chosen by +the inmates, and governed as independently as an abbot in an abbey; the +other where the priory was subordinate to an abbey, and the prior was +placed or displaced at the will of the abbot. + +Alien priory, a small religious house dependent on a large monastery in +some other country. + +Syn. -- See Cloister. + +Pris (?), n. See Price, and 1st Prize. [Obs.] + +Pris"age (?; 48), n. [OF. prisage a praising, valuing, taxing; cf. LL. +prisagium prisage; or from F. prise a taking, capture, prize. See +Prize.] (O. Eng. Law) (a) A right belonging to the crown of England, of +taking two tuns of wine from every ship importing twenty tuns or more, +-- one before and one behind the mast. By charter of Edward I. +butlerage was substituted for this. Blackstone. (b) The share of +merchandise taken as lawful prize at sea which belongs to the king or +admiral. + +Pris*cil"lian*ist (?), n. (Eccl. Hist.) A follower of Priscillian, +bishop of Avila in Spain, in the fourth century, who mixed various +elements of Gnosticism and Manicheism with Christianity. + +Prise (?), n. An enterprise. [Obs.] Spenser. + +Prise, n. & v. See Prize, n., 5. Also Prize, v. t. + +Pris"er (?), n. See 1st Prizer. [Obs.] + +Prism (prz'm), n. [L. prisma, Gr. pri`sma, fr. pri`zein, pri`ein, to +saw: cf. F. prisme.] 1. (Geom.) A solid whose bases or ends are any +similar, equal, and parallel plane figures, and whose sides are +parallelograms. + +Prisms of different forms are often named from the figure of their +bases; as, a triangular prism, a quadrangular prism, a rhombic prism, +etc. + +2. (Opt.) A transparent body, with usually three rectangular plane +faces or sides, and two equal and parallel triangular ends or bases; -- +used in experiments on refraction, dispersion, etc. + +3. (Crystallog.) A form the planes of which are parallel to the +vertical axis. See Form, n., 13. + +Achromatic prism (Opt.), a prism composed usually of two prisms of +different transparent substances which have unequal dispersive powers, +as two different kinds of glass, especially flint glass and crown +glass, the difference of dispersive power being compensated by giving +them different refracting angles, so that, when placed together so as +to have opposite relative positions, a ray of light passed through them +is refracted or bent into a new position, but is free from color. -- +Nicol's prism, Nicol prism. [So called from Wm. Nicol, of Edinburgh, +who first proposed it.] (Opt.) An instrument for experiments in +polarization, consisting of a rhomb of Iceland spar, which has been +bisected obliquely at a certain angle, and the two parts again joined +with transparent cement, so that the ordinary image produced by double +refraction is thrown out of the field by total reflection from the +internal cemented surface, and the extraordinary, or polarized, image +alone is transmitted. + +{ Pris*mat"ic (?), Pris*mat"ic*al (?), } a. [Cf. F. prismatique.] 1. +Resembling, or pertaining to, a prism; as, a prismatic form or +cleavage. + +2. Separated or distributed by a prism; formed by a prism; as, +prismatic colors. + +3. (Crystallog.) Same as Orthorhombic. + +Prismatic borax (Chem.), borax crystallized in the form of oblique +prisms, with ten molecules of water; -- distinguished from octahedral +borax. -- Prismatic colors (Opt.), the seven colors into which light is +resolved when passed through a prism; primary colors. See Primary +colors, under Color. -- Prismatic compass (Surv.), a compass having a +prism for viewing a distant object and the compass card at the same +time. -- Prismatic spectrum (Opt.), the spectrum produced by the +passage of light through a prism. + +Pris*mat"ic*al*ly, adv. In the form or manner of a prism; by means of a +prism. + +Pris`ma*toid"al (?), a. [Gr. &?;, &?;, prism + -oid: F. prismatoÔde.] +Having a prismlike form. Ure. + +Pris"moid (prz"moid), n. [Cf. F. prismtoÔde.] A body that approaches to +the form of a prism. + +Pris*moid"al (?), a. Having the form of a prismoid; as, prismoidal +solids. + +Pris"my (?), a. Pertaining to a prism. [R.] + +Pris"on (?; 277), n. [F., fr. L. prehensio, prensio, a seizing, +arresting, fr. prehendre, prendere, to lay hold of, to seize. See +Prehensile, and cf. Prize, n., Misprision.] 1. A place where persons +are confined, or restrained of personal liberty; hence, a place or +state o&?; confinement, restraint, or safe custody. + + Bring my soul out of prison, that I may praise thy name. + + +Ps. cxlii. 7. + + The tyrant ∆olus, . . . With power imperial, curbs the struggling + winds, And sounding tempests in dark prisons binds. + + +Dryden. + +2. Specifically, a building for the safe custody or confinement of +criminals and others committed by lawful authority. + +Prison bars, or Prison base. See Base, n., 24. -- Prison breach. (Law) +See Note under 3d Escape, n., 4. -- Prison house, a prison. Shak. -- +Prison ship (Naut.), a ship fitted up for the confinement of prisoners. +-- Prison van, a carriage in which prisoners are conveyed to and from +prison. + +Pris"on, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Prisoned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Prisoning.] +1. To imprison; to shut up in, or as in, a prison; to confine; to +restrain from liberty. + + The prisoned eagle dies for rage. + + +Sir W. Scott. + + His true respect will prison false desire. + + +Shak. + +2. To bind (together); to enchain. [Obs.] + + Sir William Crispyn with the duke was led Together prisoned. + + +Robert of Brunne. + +Pris"on*er (?), n. [F. prisonnier.] 1. One who is confined in a prison. +Piers Plowman. + +2. A person under arrest, or in custody, whether in prison or not; a +person held in involuntary restraint; a captive; as, a prisoner at the +bar of a court. Bouvier. + + Prisoner of Hope thou art, -- look up and sing. + + +Keble. + +Prisoner's base. See Base, n., 24. + +Pris"on*ment (?), n. Imprisonment. [Obs.] Shak. + +Pris"tin*ate (?), a. Pristine; primitive. [Obs.] "Pristinate idolatry." +Holinshed. + +Pris"tine (?), a. [L. pristinus, akin to prior: cf. F. pristin. See +Prior, a.] Belonging to the earliest period or state; original; +primitive; primeval; as, the pristine state of innocence; the pristine +manners of a people; pristine vigor. + +Pritch (?), n. [See Prick.] 1. A sharp-pointed instrument; also, an +eelspear. [Prov. Eng.] + +2. Pique; offense. [Obs.] D. Rogers. + +Pritch"el (?), n. A tool employed by blacksmiths for punching or +enlarging the nail holes in a horseshoe. + +Prith"ee (?), interj. A corruption of pray thee; as, I prithee; +generally used without I. Shak. + + What was that scream for, I prithee? + + +L'Estrange. + + Prithee, tell me, Dimple-chin. + + +E. C. Stedman. + +Prit"tle-prat`tle (?), n. [See Prattle.] Empty talk; trifling +loquacity; prattle; -- used in contempt or ridicule. [Colloq.] Abp. +Bramhall. + +Pri"va*cy (?), n.; pl. Privacies (#). [See Private.] 1. The state of +being in retirement from the company or observation of others; +seclusion. + +2. A place of seclusion from company or observation; retreat; solitude; +retirement. + + Her sacred privacies all open lie. + + +Rowe. + +3. Concealment of what is said or done. Shak. + +4. A private matter; a secret. Fuller. + +5. See Privity, 2. [Obs.] Arbuthnot. + +Pri*va"do (?), n. [Sp., fr. L. privatus. See Private.] A private +friend; a confidential friend; a confidant. [Obs.] Fuller. + +Pri"vate (?; 48), a. [L. privatus apart from the state, peculiar to an +individual, private, properly p. p. of privare to bereave, deprive, +originally, to separate, fr. privus single, private, perhaps +originally, put forward (hence, alone, single) and akin to prae before. +See Prior, a., and cf. Deprive, Privy, a.] 1. Belonging to, or +concerning, an individual person, company, or interest; peculiar to +one's self; unconnected with others; personal; one's own; not public; +not general; separate; as, a man's private opinion; private property; a +private purse; private expenses or interests; a private secretary. + +2. Sequestered from company or observation; appropriated to an +individual; secret; secluded; lonely; solitary; as, a private room or +apartment; private prayer. + + Reason . . . then retires Into her private cell when nature rests. + + +Milton. + +<! p. 1140 pr=SKB !> + +3. Not invested with, or engaged in, public office or employment; as, a +private citizen; private life. Shak. + + A private person may arrest a felon. + + +Blackstone. + +4. Not publicly known; not open; secret; as, a private negotiation; a +private understanding. + +5. Having secret or private knowledge; privy. [Obs.] + +Private act or statute, a statute exclusively for the settlement of +private and personal interests, of which courts do not take judicial +notice; -- opposed to a general law, which operates on the whole +community. -- Private nuisance or wrong. See Nuisance. -- Private +soldier. See Private, n., 5. -- Private way, a right of private passage +over another man's ground. Kent. + +Pri"vate (pr"vt), n. + +1. A secret message; a personal unofficial communication. [Obs.] Shak. + +2. Personal interest; particular business.[Obs.] + + Nor must I be unmindful of my private. + + +B. Jonson. + +3. Privacy; retirement. [Archaic] "Go off; I discard you; let me enjoy +my private." Shak. + +4. One not invested with a public office. [Archaic] + + What have kings, that privates have not too? + + +Shak. + +5. (Mil.) A common soldier; a soldier below the grade of a +noncommissioned officer. Macaulay. + +6. pl. The private parts; the genitals. + +In private, secretly; not openly or publicly. + +Pri`va*teer" (pr`v*tr"), n. [From Private.] 1. An armed private vessel +which bears the commission of the sovereign power to cruise against the +enemy. See Letters of marque, under Marque. + +2. The commander of a privateer. + + Kidd soon threw off the character of a privateer and became a + pirate. + + +Macaulay. + +Pri`va*teer", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Privateered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Privateering.] To cruise in a privateer. + +Pri`va*teer"ing, n. Cruising in a privateer. + +Pri`va*teers"man (?), n.; pl. Privateersmen (&?;). An officer or seaman +of a privateer. + +Pri"vate*ly (pr"vt*l), adv. + +1. In a private manner; not openly; without the presence of others. + +2. In a manner affecting an individual; personally; not officially; as, +he is not privately benefited. + +Pri"vate*ness, n. + +1. Seclusion from company or society; retirement; privacy; secrecy. +Bacon. + +2. The state of one not invested with public office. + +Pri*va"tion (pr*v"shn), n. [L. privatio: cf. F. privation. See +Private.] 1. The act of depriving, or taking away; hence, the depriving +of rank or office; degradation in rank; deprivation. Bacon. + +2. The state of being deprived or destitute of something, especially of +something required or desired; destitution; need; as, to undergo severe +privations. + +3. The condition of being absent; absence; negation. + + Evil will be known by consequence, as being only a privation, or + absence, of good. + + +South. + + Privation mere of light and absent day. + + +Milton. + +Priv"a*tive (?), a. [L. privativus: cf. F. privatif. See Private.] 1. +Causing privation; depriving. + +2. Consisting in the absence of something; not positive; negative. + + Privative blessings, blessings of immunity, safeguard, liberty, and + integrity. + + +Jer. Taylor. + +3. (Gram.) Implying privation or negation; giving a negative force to a +word; as, alpha privative; privative particles; -- applied to such +prefixes and suffixes as a- (Gr. &?;), un-, non-, -less. + +Priv"a*tive, n. + +1. That of which the essence is the absence of something. + + Blackness and darkness are indeed but privatives. + + +Bacon. + +2. (Logic) A term indicating the absence of any quality which might be +naturally or rationally expected; -- called also privative term. + +3. (Gram.) A privative prefix or suffix. See Privative, a., 3. + +Priv"a*tive*ly, adv. In a privative manner; by the absence of +something; negatively. [R.] Hammond. + +Priv"a*tive*ness, n. The state of being privative. + +Priv"et (?), n. [Cf. Scot. privie, Prov. E. prim-print, primwort. Prob. +for primet, and perh. named from being cut and trimmed. See, Prim, a., +and cf. Prime to prune, Prim, n., Prie, n.] (Bot.) An ornamental +European shrub (Ligustrum vulgare), much used in hedges; -- called also +prim. + +Egyptian privet. See Lawsonia. -- Evergreen privet, a plant of the +genus Rhamnus. See Alatern. -- Mock privet, any one of several +evergreen shrubs of the genus Phillyrea. They are from the +Mediterranean region, and have been much cultivated for hedges and for +fancifully clipped shrubberies. + +Priv"i*lege (?), n. [F. privilËge, L. privilegium an ordinance or law +against or in favor of an individual; privus private + lex, legis, law. +See Private, and Legal.] + +1. A peculiar benefit, advantage, or favor; a right or immunity not +enjoyed by others or by all; special enjoyment of a good, or exemption +from an evil or burden; a prerogative; advantage; franchise. + + He pleads the legal privilege of a Roman. + + +Kettlewell. + + The privilege birthright was a double portion. + + +Locke. + + A people inheriting privileges, franchises, and liberties. + + +Burke. + +2. (Stockbroker's Cant) See Call, Put, Spread, etc. + +Breach of privilege. See under Breach. -- Question of privilege +(Parliamentary practice), a question which concerns the security of a +member of a legislative body in his special privileges as such. -- +Water privilege, the advantage of having machinery driven by a stream, +or a place affording such advantage. [ U. S.] -- Writ of privilege +(Law), a writ to deliver a privileged person from custody when arrested +in a civil suit. Blackstone. + +Syn. -- Prerogative; immunity; franchise; right; claim; liberty. -- +Privilege, Prerogative. Privilege, among the Romans, was something +conferred upon an individual by a private law; and hence, it denotes +some peculiar benefit or advantage, some right or immunity, not enjoyed +by the world at large. Prerogative, among the Romans, was the right of +voting first; and, hence, it denotes a right of precedence, or of doing +certain acts, or enjoying certain privileges, to the exclusion of +others. It is the privilege of a member of Congress not to be called in +question elsewhere for words uttered in debate. It is the prerogative +of the president to nominate judges and executive officers. It is the +privilege of a Christian child to be instructed in the true religion. +It is the prerogative of a parent to govern and direct his children. + +Priv"i*lege (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Privileged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Privileging.] [Cf. F. privilÈgier.] + +1. To grant some particular right or exemption to; to invest with a +peculiar right or immunity; to authorize; as, to privilege +representatives from arrest. + + To privilege dishonor in thy name. + + +Shak. + +2. To bring or put into a condition of privilege or exemption from evil +or danger; to exempt; to deliver. + + He took this place for sanctuary, And it shall privilege him from + your hands. + + +Shak. + +Priv"i*leged (?), a. Invested with a privilege; enjoying a peculiar +right, advantage, or immunity. + +Privileged communication. (Law) (a) A communication which can not be +disclosed without the consent of the party making it, -- such as those +made by a client to his legal adviser, or by persons to their religious +or medical advisers. (b) A communication which does not expose the +party making it to indictment for libel, -- such as those made by +persons communicating confidentially with a government, persons +consulted confidentially as to the character of servants, etc. -- +Privileged debts (Law), those to which a preference in payment is given +out of the estate of a deceased person, or out of the estate of an +insolvent. Wharton. Burrill. -- Privileged witnesses (Law) witnesses +who are not obliged to testify as to certain things, as lawyers in +relation to their dealings with their clients, and officers of state as +to state secrets; also, by statute, clergymen and physicans are placed +in the same category, so far as concerns information received by them +professionally. + +Priv"i*ly, adv. In a privy manner; privately; secretly. Chaucer. 2 Pet. +ii. 1. + +Priv"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Privities (-tz). [From Privy, a.: cf. F. +privautÈ extreme familiarity.] + +1. Privacy; secrecy; confidence. Chaucer. + + I will unto you, in privity, discover . . . my purpose. + + +Spenser. + +2. Private knowledge; joint knowledge with another of a private +concern; cognizance implying consent or concurrence. + + All the doors were laid open for his departure, not without the + privity of the Prince of Orange. + + +Swift. + +3. A private matter or business; a secret. Chaucer. + +4. pl. The genitals; the privates. + +5. (Law) A connection, or bond of union, between parties, as to some +particular transaction; mutual or successive relationship to the same +rights of property. + +Priv"y (?), a. [F. privÈ, fr. L. privatus. See Private.] + +1. Of or pertaining to some person exclusively; assigned to private +uses; not public; private; as, the privy purse. " Privee knights and +squires." Chaucer. + +2. Secret; clandestine. " A privee thief." Chaucer. + +3. Appropriated to retirement; private; not open to the public. " Privy +chambers." Ezek. xxi. 14. + +4. Admitted to knowledge of a secret transaction; secretly cognizant; +privately knowing. + + His wife also being privy to it. + + +Acts v. 2. + + Myself am one made privy to the plot. + + +Shak. + +Privy chamber, a private apartment in a royal residence. [Eng.] -- +Privy council (Eng. Law), the principal council of the sovereign, +composed of the cabinet ministers and other persons chosen by the king +or queen. Burrill. -- Privy councilor, a member of the privy council. +-- Privy purse, moneys set apart for the personal use of the monarch; +also, the title of the person having charge of these moneys. [Eng.] +Macaulay. -- Privy seal or signet, the seal which the king uses in +grants, etc., which are to pass the great seal, or which he uses in +matters of subordinate consequence which do not require the great seal; +also, elliptically, the principal secretary of state, or person +intrusted with the privy seal. [Eng.] -- Privy verdict, a verdict given +privily to the judge out of court; -- now disused. Burrill. + +Priv"y, n.; pl. Privies (&?;). + +1. (Law) A partaker; a person having an interest in any action or +thing; one who has an interest in an estate created by another; a +person having an interest derived from a contract or conveyance to +which he is not himself a party. The term, in its proper sense, is +distinguished from party. Burrill. Wharton. + +2. A necessary house or place; a backhouse. + +Priz"a*ble (?), a. Valuable. H. Taylor. + +Prize (prz), n. [F. prise a seizing, hold, grasp, fr. pris, p. p. of +prendre to take, L. prendere, prehendere; in some senses, as 2 (b), +either from, or influenced by, F. prix price. See Prison, Prehensile, +and cf. Pry, and also Price.] + +1. That which is taken from another; something captured; a thing seized +by force, stratagem, or superior power. + + I will depart my pris, or my prey, by deliberation. + + +Chaucer. + + His own prize, Whom formerly he had in battle won. + + +Spenser. + +2. Hence, specifically; (a) (Law) Anything captured by a belligerent +using the rights of war; esp., property captured at sea in virtue of +the rights of war, as a vessel. Kent. Brande & C. (b) An honor or +reward striven for in a competitive contest; anything offered to be +competed for, or as an inducement to, or reward of, effort. + + I'll never wrestle for prize more. + + +Shak. + + I fought and conquered, yet have lost the prize. + + +Dryden. + +(c) That which may be won by chance, as in a lottery. + +3. Anything worth striving for; a valuable possession held or in +prospect. + + I press toward the mark for the prize of the high calling of God in + Christ Jesus. + + +Phil. iii. 14. + +4. A contest for a reward; competition. [Obs.] Shak. + +5. A lever; a pry; also, the hold of a lever. [Written also prise.] + +Prize court, a court having jurisdiction of all captures made in war on +the high seas. Bouvier. -- Prize fight, an exhibition contest, esp. one +of pugilists, for a stake or wager. -- Prize fighter, one who fights +publicly for a reward; -- applied esp. to a professional boxer or +pugilist. Pope. -- Prize fighting, fighting, especially boxing, in +public for a reward or wager. -- Prize master, an officer put in charge +or command of a captured vessel. -- Prize medal, a medal given as a +prize. -- Prize money, a dividend from the proceeds of a captured +vessel, etc., paid to the captors. -- Prize ring, the ring or inclosure +for a prize fight; the system and practice of prize fighting. -- To +make prize of, to capture. Hawthorne. + +Prize (?), v. t. To move with a lever; to force up or open; to pry. +[Written also prise.] + +Prize, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Prized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Prizing.] [F. +priser, OF. prisier, preisier, fr. L. pretiare, fr. pretium worth, +value, price. See Price, and cf. Praise.] [Formerly written also prise. +] + +1. To set or estimate the value of; to appraise; to price; to rate. + + A goodly price that I was prized at. + + +Zech. xi. 13. + + I prize it [life] not a straw, but for mine honor. + + +Shak. + +2. To value highly; to estimate to be of great worth; to esteem. "[I] +do love, prize, honor you. " Shak. + + I prized your person, but your crown disdain. + + +Dryden. + +Prize, n. [F. prix price. See 3d Prize. ] Estimation; valuation. [Obs.] +Shak. + +Prize"man (?), n.; pl. Prizemen (&?;). The winner of a prize. + +Priz"er (?), n. [See 3d Prize.] One who estimates or sets the value of +a thing; an appraiser. Shak. + +Priz"er, n. [See 1st Prize.] One who contends for a prize; a prize +fighter; a challenger. [Obs.] Shak. + + Appeareth no man yet to answer the prizer. + + +B. Jonson. + +Priz"ing, n. [See 2d Prize.] The application of a lever to move any +weighty body, as a cask, anchor, cannon, car, etc. See Prize, n., 5. + +Pro- (?). [L. pro, or Gr. &?;. See Pro.] A prefix signifying before, in +front, forth, for, in behalf of, in place of, according to; as, +propose, to place before; proceed, to go before or forward; project, to +throw forward; prologue, part spoken before (the main piece); propel, +prognathous; provide, to look out for; pronoun, a word instead of a +noun; proconsul, a person acting in place of a consul; proportion, +arrangement according to parts. + +||Pro, prep. [L.; akin to prae before, Gr. &?;, and E. for. See For, +||prep., and cf. Prior, a.] A Latin preposition signifying for, before, +||forth. + +Pro confesso [L.] (Law), taken as confessed. The action of a court of +equity on that portion of the pleading in a particular case which the +pleading on the other side does not deny. -- Pro rata. [L. See +Prorate.] In proportion; proportion. -- Pro re nata [L.] (Law), for the +existing occasion; as matters are. + +Pro, adv. For, on, or in behalf of, the affirmative side; -- in +contrast with con. + +Pro and con, for and against, on the affirmative and on the negative +side; as, they debated the question pro and con; -- formerly used also +as a verb. -- Pros and cons, the arguments or reasons on either side. + +Pro"a (?), n. [Malay pr&?;, prh&?;.] (Naut.) A sailing canoe of the +Ladrone Islands and Malay Archipelago, having its lee side flat and its +weather side like that of an ordinary boat. The ends are alike. The +canoe is long and narrow, and is kept from overturning by a +cigar-shaped log attached to a frame extending several feet to +windward. It has been called the flying proa, and is the swiftest +sailing craft known. + +Proach (?), v. i. See Approach. [Obs.] + +Pro*at"las (?), n. [Pref. pro- + atlas.] (Anat.) A vertebral rudiment +in front of the atlas in some reptiles. + +Prob`a*bil"i*o*rism (?), n. The doctrine of the probabiliorists. + +Prob`a*bil"i*o*rist (?), n. [From L. probabilior, compar. of probabilis +probable.] (Casuistry) One who holds, in opposition to the +probabilists, that a man is bound to do that which is most probably +right. + +Prob"a*bil*ism (?), n. [Cf. F. probabilisme.] The doctrine of the +probabilists. + +Prob"a*bil*ist, n. [Cf. F. probabiliste.] + +1. One who maintains that certainty is impossible, and that probability +alone is to govern our faith and actions. + +2. (Casuistry) One who maintains that a man may do that which has a +probability of being right, or which is inculcated by teachers of +authority, although other opinions may seem to him still more probable. + +Prob`a*bil"i*ty, n.; pl. Probabilities (#). [L. probabilitas: cf. F. +probabilitÈ.] + +1. The quality or state of being probable; appearance of reality or +truth; reasonable ground of presumption; likelihood. + + Probability is the appearance of the agreement or disagreement of + two ideas, by the intervention of proofs whose connection is not + constant, but appears for the most part to be so. + + +Locke. + +2. That which is or appears probable; anything that has the appearance +of reality or truth. + + The whole life of man is a perpetual comparison of evidence and + balancing of probabilities. + + +Buckminster. + + We do not call for evidence till antecedent probabilities fail. + + +J. H. Newman. + +3. (Math.) Likelihood of the occurrence of any event in the doctrine of +chances, or the ratio of the number of favorable chances to the whole +number of chances, favorable and unfavorable. See 1st Chance, n., 5. + +Syn. -- Likeliness; credibleness; likelihood; chance. + +Prob"a*ble (?), a. [L. probabilis, fr. probare to try, approve, prove: +cf. F. probable. See Prove, and cf. Provable.] + +1. Capable of being proved. [Obs.] + +2. Having more evidence for than against; supported by evidence which +inclines the mind to believe, but leaves some room for doubt; likely. + + That is accounted probable which has better arguments producible + for it than can be brought against it. + + +South. + + I do not say that the principles of religion are merely probable; I + have before asserted them to be morally certain. + + +Bp. Wilkins. + +<! p. 1141 !> + +3. Rendering probable; supporting, or giving ground for, belief, but +not demonstrating; as, probable evidence; probable presumption. +Blackstone. + +Probable cause (Law), a reasonable ground of presumption that a charge +is, or my be, well founded. - - Probable error (of an observation, or +of the mean of a number), that within which, taken positively and +negatively, there is an even chance that the real error shall lie. +Thus, if 3″ is the probable error in a given case, the chances +that the real error is greater than 3″ are equal to the chances +that it is less. The probable error is computed from the observations +made, and is used to express their degree of accuracy. -- The probable, +that which is within the bounds of probability; that which is not +unnatural or preternatural; -- opposed to the marvelous. + +Prob"a*bly (?), adv. In a probable manner; in likelihood. + + Distinguish between what may possibly and what will probably be + done. + + +L'Estrange. + +Pro"ba*cy (?), n. [See Probate.] Proof; trial. [Obs.] Chaucer. + +Pro"bal (?), a. Approved; probable. [Obs.] Shak. + +Pro*bal"i*ty (?), n. Probability. [Obs.] "With as great probality." +Holland. + +Pro"bang (?), n. [See Probe.] A slender elastic rod, as of whalebone, +with a sponge on the end, for removing obstructions from the esophagus, +etc. + +Pro"bate (?), n. [From L. probatus, p. p. of probare to prove. See +Prove.] + +1. Proof. [Obs.] Skelton. + +2. (Law) (a) Official proof; especially, the proof before a competent +officer or tribunal that an instrument offered, purporting to be the +last will and testament of a person deceased, is indeed his lawful act; +the copy of a will proved, under the seal of the Court of Probate, +delivered to the executors with a certificate of its having been +proved. Bouvier. Burrill. (b) The right or jurisdiction of proving +wills. + +Pro"bate, a. Of or belonging to a probate, or court of probate; as, a +probate record. + +Probate Court, or Court of Probate, a court for the probate of wills. +-- Probate duty, a government tax on property passing by will. [Eng.] + +Pro"bate (?), v. t. To obtain the official approval of, as of an +instrument purporting to be the last will and testament; as, the +executor has probated the will. + +Pro*ba"tion (?), n. [L. probatio, fr. probare to try, examine, prove: +cf. F. probation. See Prove.] + +1. The act of proving; also, that which proves anything; proof. [Obs.] + + When by miracle God dispensed great gifts to the laity, . . . he + gave probation that he intended that all should prophesy and + preach. + + +Jer. Taylor. + +2. Any proceeding designed to ascertain truth, to determine character, +qualification, etc.; examination; trial; as, to engage a person on +probation. Hence, specifically: (a) The novitiate which a person must +pass in a convent, to probe his or her virtue and ability to bear the +severities of the rule. (b) The trial of a ministerial candidate's +qualifications prior to his ordination, or to his settlement as a +pastor. (c) Moral trial; the state of man in the present life, in which +he has the opportunity of proving his character, and becoming qualified +for a happier state. + + No [view of human life] seems so reasonable as that which regards + it as a state of probation. + + +Paley. + +Pro*ba"tion*al (?), a. Probationary. + +Pro*ba"tion*a*ry (?), a. Of or pertaining to probation; serving for +trial. + + To consider this life . . . as a probationary state. + + +Paley. + +Pro*ba"tion*er (?), n. + +1. One who is undergoing probation; one who is on trial; a novice. + + While yet a young probationer, And candidate of heaven. + + +Dryden. + +2. A student in divinity, who, having received certificates of good +morals and qualifications from his university, is admitted to several +trials by a presbytery, and, on acquitting himself well, is licensed to +preach. [Scot.] + +Pro*ba"tion*er*ship, n. The state of being a probationer; novitiate. +Locke. + +Pro*ba"tion*ship, n. A state of probation. + +Pro"ba*tive (?), a. [L. probativus: cf. F. probatif.] Serving for trial +or proof; probationary; as, probative judgments; probative evidence. +South. + +Pro*ba"tor (?), n. [L.] 1. An examiner; an approver. Maydman. + +2. (O. Eng. Law) One who, when indicted for crime, confessed it, and +accused others, his accomplices, in order to obtain pardon; a state's +evidence. + +Pro"ba*to*ry (?), a. [Cf. F. probatoire.] 1. Serving for trial; +probationary. Abp. Bramhall. + +2. Pertaining to, or serving for, proof. Jer. Taylor. + +Probatory term (Law), a time for taking testimony. + +Probe (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Probed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Probing.] +[L. probare to try, examine. See Prove.] + +1. To examine, as a wound, an ulcer, or some cavity of the body, with a +probe. + +2. Fig.: to search to the bottom; to scrutinize or examine thoroughly. +Dryden. + + The growing disposition to probe the legality of all acts, of the + crown. + + +Hallam. + +Probe, n. (Surg.) An instrument for examining the depth or other +circumstances of a wound, ulcer, or cavity, or the direction of a +sinus, of for exploring for bullets, for stones in the bladder, etc. +Parr. + +Probe, or Probe-pointed, scissors (Surg.), scissors used to open +wounds, the blade of which, to be thrust into the orifice, has a button +at the end. Wiseman. + +Pro"bea`gle (?), n. (Zoˆl.) See Porbeagle. + +Probe"-point`ed (?), a. (Surg.) Having a blunt or button-shaped +extremity; -- said of cutting instruments. + +Prob"i*ty (?), n. [F. probitÈ, fr. L. probitas, fr. probus good, +proper, honest. Cf. Prove.] Tried virtue or integrity; approved moral +excellence; honesty; rectitude; uprightness. "Probity of mind." Pope. + +Syn. -- Probity, Integrity. Probity denotes unimpeachable honesty and +virtue, shown especially by the performance of those obligations, +called imperfect, which the laws of the state do not reach, and can not +enforce. Integrity denotes a whole-hearted honesty, and especially that +which excludes all injustice that might favor one's self. It has a +peculiar reference to uprightness in mutual dealings, transfer of +property, and the execution of trusts for others. + +Prob"lem (?), n. [F. problËme, L. problema, fr. Gr. &?; anything thrown +forward, a question proposed for solution, fr. &?; to throw or lay +before; &?; before, forward + &?; to throw. Cf. Parable. ] + +1. A question proposed for solution; a matter stated for examination or +proof; hence, a matter difficult of solution or settlement; a doubtful +case; a question involving doubt. Bacon. + +2. (Math.) Anything which is required to be done; as, in geometry, to +bisect a line, to draw a perpendicular; or, in algebra, to find an +unknown quantity. + +Problem differs from theorem in this, that a problem is something to be +done, as to bisect a triangle, to describe a circle, etc.; a theorem is +something to be proved, as that all the angles of a triangle are equal +to two right angles. + +Plane problem (Geom.), a problem that can be solved by the use of the +rule and compass. -- Solid problem (Geom.), a problem requiring in its +geometric solution the use of a conic section or higher curve. + +{ Prob`lem*at"ic (?), Prob`lem*at"ic*al (?), } a. [L. problematicus, +Gr. &?;: cf. F. problÈmatique.] Having the nature of a problem; not +shown in fact; questionable; uncertain; unsettled; doubtful. -- +Prob`lem*at"ic*al*ly, adv. + + Diligent inquiries into remote and problematical guilt leave a gate + wide open to . . . informers. + + +Swift. + +Prob"lem*a*tist (?), n. One who proposes problems. [R.] Evelyn. + +Prob"lem*a*tize (?), v. t. To propose problems. [R.] "Hear him +problematize." B. Jonson. + +Pro*bos"ci*date (?), a. [See Proboscis.] (Zoˆl.) Having a proboscis; +proboscidial. + +||Pro`bos*cid"e*a (?), n. pl. [NL. See Proboscis.] (Zoˆl.) An order of +||large mammals including the elephants and mastodons. + +Pro`bos*cid"e*an (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Proboscidian. + +Pro`bos*cid"i*al (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Proboscidate. + +Pro`bos*cid"i*an (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Pertaining to the Proboscidea. -- n. +One of the Proboscidea. + +||Pro*bos`ci*dif"e*ra (?), n. pl. [NL. See Proboscis, and -ferous.] + +1. (Zoˆl.) An extensive division of pectinibranchiate gastropods, +including those that have a long retractile proboscis, with the mouth +at the end, as the cones, whelks, tritons, and cowries. See Illust. of +Gastropoda, and of Winkle. + +2. (Zoˆl.) A subdivision of the tÊnioglossate gastropods, including the +fig-shells (Pyrula), the helmet shells (Cassis), the tritons, and +allied genera. + +Pro`bos*cid"i*form (?), a. Having the form or uses of a proboscis; as, +a proboscidiform mouth. + +Pro*bos"cis (?), n.; pl. Proboscides (#). [L. fr. Gr. &?;; &?; before + +&?; to feed, graze.] 1. (Zoˆl.) A hollow organ or tube attached to the +head, or connected with the mouth, of various animals, and generally +used in taking food or drink; a snout; a trunk. + +The proboscis of an elephant is a flexible muscular elongation of the +nose. The proboscis of insects is usually a chitinous tube formed by +the modified maxillÊ, or by the labium. See Illusts. of Hemiptera and +Lepidoptera. + +2. (Zoˆl.) By extension, applied to various tubelike mouth organs of +the lower animals that can be everted or protruded. + +The proboscis of annelids and of mollusks is usually a portion of the +pharynx that can be everted or protruded. That of nemerteans is a +special long internal organ, not connected with the mouth, and not used +in feeding, but capable of being protruded from a pore in the head. See +Illust. in Appendix. + +3. The nose. [Jocose] + +Proboscis monkey. (Zoˆl.) See Kahau. + +Pro*ca"cious (?), a. [L. procax, -acis, fr. procare to ask, demand.] +Pert; petulant; forward; saucy. [R.] Barrow. + +Pro*cac"i*ty (?), n. [L. procacitas.] Forwardness; pertness; petulance. +[R.] Burton. + +||Pro*cam"bi*um (?), n. [NL. See Pro- , and Cambium.] (Bot.) The young +||tissue of a fibrovascular bundle before its component cells have +||begun to be differentiated. Sachs. + +Pro`cat*arc"tic (?), a. [Gr. &?; beginning beforehand. fr. &?; to begin +first; &?; before + &?; to begin; &?; intens. + &?; to begin: cf. F. +procatarctique. ] (Med.) Beginning; predisposing; exciting; initial. +[Obs.] + +The words procatarctic causes have been used with different +significations. Thus they have been employed synonymously with prime +causes, exciting causes, and predisposing or remote causes. + + The physician inquires into the procatarctic causes. + + +Harvey. + +||Pro`cat*arx"is (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; first beginning.] (Med.) The +||kindling of a disease into action; also, the procatarctic cause. +||Quincy. + +||Pro`ce*den"do (?), n. [Abl. of the gerundive of L. procedere. see +||Proceed.] (Law) (a) A writ by which a cause which has been removed on +||insufficient grounds from an inferior to a superior court by +||certiorari, or otherwise, is sent down again to the same court, to be +||proceeded in there. (b) In English practice, a writ issuing out of +||chancery in cases where the judges of subordinate courts delay giving +||judgment, commanding them to proceed to judgment. (c) A writ by which +||the commission of the justice of the peace is revived, after having +||been suspended. Tomlins. Burrill. + +Pro*ce"dure (?), n. [F. procÈdure. See Proceed.] 1. The act or manner +of proceeding or moving forward; progress; process; operation; conduct. +"The true procedure of conscience." South. + +2. A step taken; an act performed; a proceeding; the steps taken in an +action or other legal proceeding. "Gracious procedures." I. Taylor. + +3. That which results; issue; product. [Obs.] Bacon. + +Pro*ceed" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Proceeded; p. pr. & vb. n. +Proceeding.] [F. procÈder. fr. L. procedere, processum, to go before, +to proceed; pro forward + cedere to move. See Cede.] 1. To move, pass, +or go forward or onward; to advance; to continue or renew motion begun; +as, to proceed on a journey. + + If thou proceed in this thy insolence. + + +Shak. + +2. To pass from one point, topic, or stage, to another; as, to proceed +with a story or argument. + +3. To issue or come forth as from a source or origin; to come from; as, +light proceeds from the sun. + + I proceeded forth and came from God. + + +John viii. 42. + + It proceeds from policy, not love. + + +Shak. + +4. To go on in an orderly or regulated manner; to begin and carry on a +series of acts or measures; to act by method; to prosecute a design. + + He that proceeds upon other principles in his inquiry. + + +Locke. + +5. To be transacted; to take place; to occur. [Obs.] + + He will, after his sour fashion, tell you What hath proceeded + worthy note to-day. + + +Shak. + +6. To have application or effect; to operate. + + This rule only proceeds and takes place when a person can not of + common law condemn another by his sentence. + + +Ayliffe. + +7. (Law) To begin and carry on a legal process. + +Syn. -- To advance; go on; continue; progress; issue; arise; emanate. + +Pro"ceed (?), n. See Proceeds. [Obs.] Howell. + +Pro*ceed"er (?), n. One who proceeds. + +Pro*ceed"ing, n. 1. The act of one who proceeds, or who prosecutes a +design or transaction; progress or movement from one thing to another; +a measure or step taken in a course of business; a transaction; as, an +illegal proceeding; a cautious or a violent proceeding. + + The proceedings of the high commission. + + +Macaulay. + +2. pl. (Law) The course of procedure in the prosecution of an action at +law. Blackstone. + +Proceedings of a society, the published record of its action, or of +things done at its meetings. + +Syn. -- Procedure; measure; step, See Transaction. + +Pro"ceeds (?), n. pl. That which comes forth or results; effect; yield; +issue; product; sum accruing from a sale, etc. + +Proc`e*leus*mat"ic (?), a. [L. proceleusmaticus, Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to +rouse to action beforehand; &?; + &?; to incite; cf. F. +procÈleusmatique.] + +1. Inciting; animating; encouraging. [R.] Johnson. + +2. (Pros.) Consisting of four short syllables; composed of feet of four +short syllables each. + +Proc`e*leus*mat"ic (?), n. (Pros.) A foot consisting of four short +syllables. + +Pro`cel*la"ri*an (?), n. [L. procella a storm.] (Zoˆl.) One of a family +of oceanic birds (ProcellaridÊ) including the petrels, fulmars, and +shearwaters. They are often seen in great abundance in stormy weather. + +Pro*cel"lous (?), a. [L. procellosus, fr. procella a storm.] Stormy. +[Obs.] Bailey. + +Pro`ce*phal"ic (?), a. [Pref. pro- + cephalic.] (Zoˆl.) Pertaining to, +or forming, the front of the head. + +Procephalic lobe (Zoˆl.), that part of the head of an invertebrate +animal which is in front of the mouth. + +Pro*cep"tion (?), n. [Pref. pro- + L. capere to take.] Preoccupation. +[Obs.] Eikon Basilik&?;. + +Pro*cere" (?), a. [L. procerus tall.] Of high stature; tall. [Obs.] +Evelyn. + +Pro*cer"e*brum (?), n. [Pref. pro- + cerebrum.] (Anat.) The +prosencephalon. + +||Proc"e*res (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. L. procer &?; chief.] (Zoˆl.) An +||order of large birds; the RatitÊ; -- called also Proceri. + +Proc"er*ite (?), n. [Pref. pro- + Gr. &?; &?; horn.] (Zoˆl.) The +segment next to the flagellum of the antennÊ of Crustacea. + +Pro*cer"i*ty (?), n. [L. proceritas.] Height of stature; tallness. [R.] +Johnson. + +Proc"ess, n. [F. procËs, L. processus. See Proceed.] + +1. The act of proceeding; continued forward movement; procedure; +progress; advance. "Long process of time." Milton. + + The thoughts of men are widened with the process of the suns. + + +Tennyson. + +2. A series of actions, motions, or occurrences; progressive act or +transaction; continuous operation; normal or actual course or +procedure; regular proceeding; as, the process of vegetation or +decomposition; a chemical process; processes of nature. + + Tell her the process of Antonio's end. + + +Shak. + +3. A statement of events; a narrative. [Obs.] Chaucer. + +4. (Anat. & Zoˆl.) Any marked prominence or projecting part, especially +of a bone; anapophysis. + +5. (Law) The whole course of proceedings in a cause real or personal, +civil or criminal, from the beginning to the end of the suit; strictly, +the means used for bringing the defendant into court to answer to the +action; -- a generic term for writs of the class called judicial. + +Deacon's process [from H. Deacon, who introduced it] (Chem.), a method +of obtaining chlorine gas by passing hydrochloric acid gas over heated +slag which has been previously saturated with a solution of some +metallic salt, as sulphate of copper. -- Final process (Practice), a +writ of execution in an action at law. Burrill. -- In process, in the +condition of advance, accomplishment, transaction, or the like; begun, +and not completed. -- Jury process (Law), the process by which a jury +is summoned in a cause, and by which their attendance is enforced. +Burrill. -- Leblanc's process (Chem.), the process of manufacturing +soda by treating salt with sulphuric acid, reducing the sodium sulphate +so formed to sodium sulphide by roasting with charcoal, and converting +the sodium sulphide to sodium carbonate by roasting with lime. -- Mesne +process. See under Mesne. -- Process milling, the process of high +milling for grinding flour. See under Milling. -- Reversible process +(Thermodynamics), any process consisting of a cycle of operations such +that the different operations of the cycle can be performed in reverse +order with a reversal of their effects. + +<! p. 1142 !> + +Pro*ces"sion (?), n. [F., fr. L. processio. See Proceed.] + +1. The act of proceeding, moving on, advancing, or issuing; regular, +orderly, or ceremonious progress; continuous course. Bp. Pearson. + + That the procession of their life might be + + + More equable, majestic, pure, and free. + + +Trench. + +2. That which is moving onward in an orderly, stately, or solemn +manner; a train of persons advancing in order; a ceremonious train; a +retinue; as, a procession of mourners; the Lord Mayor's procession. + + Here comes the townsmen on procession. + + +Shak. + +3. (Eccl.) An orderly and ceremonial progress of persons, either from +the sacristy to the choir, or from the choir around the church, within +or without. Shipley. + +4. pl. (Eccl.) An old term for litanies which were said in procession +and not kneeling. Shipley. + +Procession of the Holy Ghost, a theological term applied to the +relation of the Holy Spirit to the Father and the Son, the Eastern +Church affirming that the Spirit proceeds from the Father only, and the +Western Church that the Spirit proceeds from the Father and the Son. +Shipley. -- Procession week, a name for Rogation week, when processions +were made; Cross-week. Shipley. + +Pro*ces"sion, v. t. (Law) To ascertain, mark, and establish the +boundary lines of, as lands. [Local, U. S. (North Carolina and +Tennessee).] "To procession the lands of such persons as desire it." +Burrill. + +Pro*ces"sion, v. i. To march in procession. [R.] + +Pro*ces"sion, v. i. To honor with a procession. [R.] + +Pro*ces"sion*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to a procession; consisting in +a procession. + + The processional services became more frequent. + + +Milman. + +Pro*ces"sion*al, n. [F. processionnal, LL. processionale.] + +1. (R. C. Ch.) A service book relating to ecclesiastical processions. +J. Gregory. + +2. A hymn, or other selection, sung during a church procession; as, the +processional was the 202d hymn. + +Pro*ces"sion*al*ist, n. One who goes or marches in a procession. [R.] + +Pro*ces"sion*a*ry (?), a. [Cf. LL. processionarius, F. +processionnaire.] Pertaining to a procession; consisting in +processions; as, processionary service. + +Processionary moth (Zoˆl.), any moth of the genus Cnethocampa, +especially C. processionea of Europe, whose larvÊ make large webs on +oak trees, and go out to feed in regular order. They are covered with +stinging hairs. + +Pro*ces"sion*er (?), n. + +1. One who takes part in a procession. + +2. A manual of processions; a processional. Fuller. + +3. An officer appointed to procession lands. [Local, U. S. (North +Carolina and Tennessee).] Burrill. + +Pro*ces"sion*ing, n. A proceeding prescribed by statute for +ascertaining and fixing the boundaries of land. See 2d Procession. [ +Local, U. S.] Bouvier. + +Pro*ces"sive (?), a. Proceeding; advancing. + + Because it is language, -- ergo, processive. + + +Coleridge. + +||Pro`cËs" ver`bal" (?). [ F.] (French Law) An authentic minute of an +||official act, or statement of facts. + +Pro"chein (?), a. [F. prochain, fr. L. (assumed) proximanus, fr. +proximus.] Next; nearest. + +Prochein ami or amy (&?;) (Law), the next friend. See under Next. + +Pro*chor"dal (?), a. [Pref. pro + chordal.] (Anat.) Situated in front +of the notochord; -- applied especially to parts of the cartilaginous +rudiments in the base of the skull. + +Pro"chro*nism (?), n. [Gr. &?; preceding in time; &?; before + &?; +time: cf. F. prochronisme.] The dating of an event before the time it +happened; an antedating; -- opposed to metachronism. + +Pro"chro*nize (?), v. t. To antedate. Fitzed. Hall. + +{ Proc"i*dence, ||Proc*i*den"ti*a (?), }, n. [L. procidentia, fr. +procidens, p. pr. of procidere to fall down forward.] (Med.) A falling +down; a prolapsus. [R.] Parr. + +Pro*cid"u*ous (&?;), a. [ L. prociduus.] Falling from its proper place. + +Pro*cinct" (?), n. [L. procinctus, fr. procingere, procinctum, to gird +up.] A state of complete readiness for action. [Obs.] "War in +procinct." Milton. + +Pro*claim" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Proclaimed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Proclaiming.] [OE. proclamen, L. proclamare; pro before, forward + +clamare to call or cry out: cf. F. proclamer. See Claim.] + +1. To make known by public announcement; to give wide publicity to; to +publish abroad; to promulgate; to declare; as, to proclaim war or +peace. + + To proclaim liberty to the captives. + + +Isa. lxi. 1. + + For the apparel oft proclaims the man. + + +Shak. + + Throughout the host proclaim A solemn council forthwith to be held. + + +Milton. + +2. To outlaw by public proclamation. + + I heard myself proclaimed. + + +Shak. + +Syn. -- To publish; promulgate; declare; announce. See Announce. + +Pro*claim"er (?), n. One who proclaims. + +Proc`la*ma"tion (?), n. [F. proclamation, L. proclamatio. See +Proclaim.] + +1. The act of proclaiming; official or general notice; publication. + + King Asa made a proclamation throughout all Judah; none was + exempted. + + +1 Kings xv. 22. + +2. That which is proclaimed, publicly announced, or officially +declared; a published ordinance; as, the proclamation of a king; a +Thanksgiving proclamation. + +Pro*clit"ic (?), a. [Gr. &?; to lean forward; &?; forward + &?; to lean +or incline. Cf. Enclitic.] (Gr. Gram.) Leaning forward; -- said of +certain monosyllabic words which are so closely attached to the +following word as not to have a separate accent. + +Pro*clive" (?), a. [L. proclivis sloping, inclined; pro forward + +clivus hill: cf. F. proclive. See Declivity, and cf. Proclivous.] +Having a tendency by nature; prone; proclivous. [R.] Mrs. Browning. + +Pro*cliv"i*ty (?), n. [L. proclivitas: cf. F. proclivitÈ.] + +1. Inclination; propensity; proneness; tendency. "A proclivity to +steal." Abp. Bramhall. + +2. Readiness; facility; aptitude. + + He had such a dexterous proclivity as his teachers were fain to + restrain his forwardness. + + +Sir H. Wotton. + +Pro*cli"vous (?), a. [L. proclivus. See Proclive.] + +1. Inclined; tending by nature. [R.] + +2. (Zoˆl.) Having the incisor teeth directed forward. + +Pro*cúle" (?), n. [Pref. pro + Gr. &?; hollow.] (Anat.) A lateral +cavity of the prosencephalon; a lateral ventricle of the brain. B. G. +Wilder. + +||Pro*cú"li*a (?), n.; pl. ProcúliÊ (&?;). [ NL.] (Anat.) Same as +||Procúle. + +||Pro*cú"li*a, n. pl. [NL.] (Zoˆl.) A division of Crocodilia, including +||the true crocodiles and alligators, in which the dorsal vertebrÊ are +||concave in front. + +Pro*cú"li*an (?), a. [See Procúle.] (Anat & Zoˆl.) Concave in front; +as, procúlian vertebrÊ, which have the anterior end of the centra +concave and the posterior convex. + +Pro*cú"li*an, n. (Zoˆl.) A reptile having procúlian vertebrÊ; one of +the Procúlia. + +Pro*cú"lous (?), a.Same as Procúlian. + +Pro*con"sul (?), n. [L., fr. pro for + consul consul.] (Rom. Antiq.) An +officer who discharged the duties of a consul without being himself +consul; a governor of, or a military commander in, a province. He was +usually one who had previously been consul. + +{ Pro*con"su*lar (?), Pro*con"su*la*ry (?), } a. [L. proconsularis: cf. +F. proconsulaire.] + +1. Of or pertaining of a proconsul; as, proconsular powers. + +2. Under the government of a proconsul; as, a proconsular province. + +Pro*con"su*late (?), n. [L. proconsulatus: cf. F. proconsulat.] The +office jurisdiction of a proconsul, or the term of his office. + +Pro*con"sul*ship (?), n. Proconsulate. + +Pro*cras"ti*nate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Procrastinated (?); p. pr. & +vb. n. Procrastinating.] [L. procrastinatus, p. p. of procrastinare to +procrastinate; pro forward + crastinus of to-morrow, fr. cras +to-morrow.] To put off till to-morrow, or from day to day; to defer; to +postpone; to delay; as, to procrastinate repentance. Dr. H. More. + + Hopeless and helpless ∆geon wend, But to procrastinate his lifeless + end. + + +Shak. + +Syn. -- To postpone; adjourn; defer; delay; retard; protract; prolong. + +Pro*cras"ti*nate, v. i. To delay; to be dilatory. + + I procrastinate more than I did twenty years ago. + + +Swift. + +Pro*cras`ti*na"tion (?), n. [L. procrastinatio: cf. F. +procrastination.] The act or habit of procrastinating, or putting off +to a future time; delay; dilatoriness. + + Procrastination is the thief of time. + + +Young. + +Pro*cras"ti*na`tor (?), n. One who procrastinates, or defers the +performance of anything. + +Pro*cras"ti*na*to*ry (?), a. Of or pertaining to procrastination; +dilatory. + +Pro*cras"tine (?), v. t. To procrastinate. [Obs.] + +Pro"cre*ant (?), a. [L. procreans, p. pr. of procreare. See Procreate.] +Generating; producing; productive; fruitful; assisting in procreation. +[R.] "His pendent bed and procreant cradle." Shak. + +Pro"cre*ant, n. One who, or that which, procreates. + +Pro"cre*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Procreated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Procreating.] [L. procreatus, p. p. of procreare; pro forward, forth + +create to create.] To generate and produce; to beget; to engender. + +Pro`cre*a"tion (?), n. [F. procrÈation, L, procreatio.] The act of +begetting; generation and production of young. South. + +Pro"cre*a`tive (?), a. Having the power to beget; generative. Sir M. +Hale. + +Pro"cre*a`tive*ness, n. The power of generating. + +Pro"cre*a`tor (?), n. [L.] One who begets; a father or sire; a +generator. + +||Pro"cris (?), n. [L., the wife of Cephalus, Gr. &?;.] (Zoˆl.) Any +||species of small moths of the genus Procris. The larvÊ of some +||species injure the grapevine by feeding in groups upon the leaves. + +Pro*crus"te*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to Procrustes, or the mode of +torture practiced by him; producing conformity by violent means; as, +the Procrustean treatment; a Procrustean limit. See Procrustes. + +Pro*crus"te*an*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Procrusteanized (?); p. pr. +& vb. n. Procrusteanizing (?).] To stretch or contract according to +some rule or standard. + +Pro*crus"tes (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to beat out, to stretch; +&?; forward + &?; to strike.] (Gr. Antiq.) A celebrated legendary +highwayman of Attica, who tied his victims upon an iron bed, and, as +the case required, either stretched or cut of their legs to adapt them +to its length; -- whence the metaphorical phrase, the bed of +Procrustes. + +Pro`crus*te"si*an (?), a. See Procrustean. + +||Proc*ti"tis (?), n. [NL., from Gr. &?; anus + -itis.] (Med.) +||Inflammation of the rectum. + +Proc"to*cele (?), n. [Gr. &?; anus + &?; tumor.] (Med.) Inversion and +prolapse of the mucous coat of the rectum, from relaxation of the +sphincter, with more or less swelling; prolapsus ani. Dunglison. + +||Proc`to*dÊ"um (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; the anus + &?; to divide.] +||(Anat.) See Mesenteron. + +Proc"tor (?), n. [OE. proketour, contr. fr. procurator. See +Procurator.] One who is employed to manage to affairs of another. +Specifically: (a) A person appointed to collect alms for those who +could not go out to beg for themselves, as lepers, the bedridden, etc.; +hence a beggar. [Obs.] Nares. (b) (Eng. Law) An officer employed in +admiralty and ecclesiastical causes. He answers to an attorney at +common law, or to a solicitor in equity. Wharton. (c) (Ch. of Eng.) A +representative of the clergy in convocation. (d) An officer in a +university or college whose duty it is to enforce obedience to the laws +of the institution. + +Proc"tor, v. t. To act as a proctor toward; to manage as an attorney or +agent. Bp. Warburton. + +Proc"tor*age (?), n. Management by a proctor, or as by a proctor; +hence, control; superintendence; -- in contempt. "The fogging +proctorage of money." Milton. + +Proc*to"ri*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to a proctor, esp. an academic +proctor; magisterial. + +Proc*tor"ic*al (?), a. Proctorial. [R.] + +Proc"tor*ship (?), n. The office or dignity of a proctor; also, the +term of his office. Clarendon. + +Proc*tot"o*my (?), n. [Gr. &?; anus + &?; to cut.] (Surg.) An incision +into the rectum, as for the division of a stricture. + +||Proc"tu*cha (?), n. pl. [NL., from Gr. &?; anus + &?; to have.] +||(Zoˆl.) (a) A division of Turbellaria including those that have an +||intestine terminating posteriorly. (b) The Nemertina. + +Pro*cum"bent (?), a. [L. procumbens, -entis, p. pr. of procumbere to +fall, bend, or lean forward; pro forward + cumbere (in comp.), akin to +cubare to lie down: cf. F. procombant. Cf. Incumbent.] + +1. Lying down, or on the face; prone. " Procumbent each obeyed." +Cowper. + +2. (Bot.) Lying on the ground, but without putting forth roots; +trailing; prostrate; as, a procumbent stem. + +Pro*cur"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being procured; obtainable. Boyle. + +Proc"u*ra*cy (?), n.; pl. Procuracies (#). [LL. procuratia: cf. F. +procuratie. See Procuration, and cf,. Proxy.] + +1. The office or act of a proctor or procurator; management for +another. + +2. Authority to act for another; a proxy. [Obs.] + +Proc`u*ra"tion (?), n. [L. procuratio: cf. F. procuration. See +Procure.] + +1. The act of procuring; procurement. + +2. The management of another's affairs. + +3. The instrument by which a person is empowered to transact the +affairs of another; a proxy. + +4. (Ch. of Eng.) A sum of money paid formerly to the bishop or +archdeacon, now to the ecclesiastical commissioners, by an incumbent, +as a commutation for entertainment at the time of visitation; -- called +also proxy. + +Procuration money (Law), money paid for procuring a loan. Blackstone. + +Proc"u*ra`tor (?), n. [L.: cf. F. procurateur. See Procure, and cf. +Proctor. ] + +1. (Law) One who manages another's affairs, either generally or in a +special matter; an agent; a proctor. Chaucer. Shak. + +2. (Rom. Antiq.) A governor of a province under the emperors; also, one +who had charge of the imperial revenues in a province; as, the +procurator of Judea. + +Procurator fiscal (Scots Law), public prosecutor, or district attorney. + +Proc`u*ra*to"ri*al (&?;), a. Of or pertaining to a procurator, or +proctor; made by a proctor. Ayliffe. + +Proc"u*ra`tor*ship (?), n. The office or term of a procurator. Bp. +Pearson. + +Pro*cu"ra*to*ry (?), a. [L. procuratorius.] Tending to, or authorizing, +procuration. + +Pro*cure" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Procured (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Procuring.] [F. procurer, L. procurare, procuratum, to take care of; +pro for + curare to take care, fr. cura care. See Cure, and cf. +Proctor, Proxy.] + +1. To bring into possession; to cause to accrue to, or to come into +possession of; to acquire or provide for one's self or for another; to +gain; to get; to obtain by any means, as by purchase or loan. + + If we procure not to ourselves more woe. + + +Milton. + +2. To contrive; to bring about; to effect; to cause. + + By all means possible they procure to have gold and silver among + them in reproach. + + +Robynson (More's Utopia) . + + Proceed, Solinus, to procure my fall. + + +Shak. + +3. To solicit; to entreat. [Obs.] + + The famous Briton prince and faery knight, . . . Of the fair Alma + greatly were procured To make there longer sojourn and abode. + + +Spenser. + +<! p. 1143 !> + +4. To cause to come; to bring; to attract. [Obs.] + + What unaccustomed cause procures her hither? + + +Shak. + +5. To obtain for illicit intercourse or prostitution. + +Syn. -- See Attain. + +Pro*cure" (?), v. i. + +1. To pimp. Shak. + +2. To manage business for another in court. [Scot.] + +Pro*cure"ment (?), n. + +1. The act of procuring or obtaining; obtainment; attainment. + +2. Efficient contrivance; management; agency. + + They think it done By her procurement. + + +Dryden. + +Pro*cur"er (?), n. [Cf. F. procureur.] + +1. One who procures, or obtains; one who, or that which, brings on, or +causes to be done, esp. by corrupt means. + +2. One who procures the gratification of lust for another; a pimp; a +pander. South. + +Pro*cur"ess, n. A female procurer, or pander. + +Pro"cy*on (?), n. [L., a constellation which rises before the Dog Star, +Gr. &?;; &?; before + &?; a dog. ] + +1. (Astron.) A star of the first magnitude in the constellation Canis +Minor, or the Little Dog. + +2. (Zoˆl.) A genus of mammals including the raccoon. + +Prod (?), n. [Cf. Gael. & Ir. brod goad, prickle, sting, and E. brad, +also W. procio to poke, thrust.] + +1. A pointed instrument for pricking or puncturing, as a goad, an awl, +a skewer, etc. + +2. A prick or stab which a pointed instrument. + +3. A light kind of crossbow; -- in the sense, often spelled prodd. +Fairholt. + +Prod, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Prodded (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Prodding.] To +thrust some pointed instrument into; to prick with something sharp; as, +to prod a soldier with a bayonet; to prod oxen; hence, to goad, to +incite, to worry; as, to prod a student. H. Taylor. + +Prodd (?), n. A crossbow. See Prod, 3. + +Prod"i*gal (?), a. [L. prodigus, from prodigere to drive forth, to +squander away; pro forward, forth + agere to drive; cf. F. prodigue. +See Agent. ] Given to extravagant expenditure; expending money or other +things without necessity; recklessly or viciously profuse; lavish; +wasteful; not frugal or economical; as, a prodigal man; the prodigal +son; prodigal giving; prodigal expenses. + + In fighting fields [patriots] were prodigal of blood. + + +Dryden. + +Syn. -- Profuse; lavish; extravagant; squandering; wasteful. See +Profuse. + +Prod"i*gal, n. One who expends money extravagantly, viciously, or +without necessity; one that is profuse or lavish in any expenditure; a +waster; a spendthrift. "Noble prodigals of life." Trench. + +Prod`i*gal"i*ty (?), n. [F. prodigalitÈ, L. prodigalitas. See +Prodigal.] Extravagance in expenditure, particularly of money; +excessive liberality; profusion; waste; -- opposed to frugality, +economy, and parsimony."The prodigality of his wit." Dryden. + +Prod"i*gal*ize (?), v. i. To act as a prodigal; to spend liberally. +Sherwood. + +Prod"i*gal*ize, v. t. To expend lavishly. Ld. Lytton. + +Prod"i*gal*ly, adv. In a prodigal manner; with profusion of expense; +extravagantly; wasteful; profusely; lavishly; as, an estate prodigally +dissipated. + + Nature not bounteous now, but lavish grows; Our paths with flowers + she prodigally strows. + + +Dryden. + +Prod"i*gate (?), v. t. To squander. Thackeray. + +Prod"i*gence (?), n. [L. prodigentia, fr. prodigens, p. pr. of +prodigere. See Prodigal. ] Waste; profusion; prodigality. [R.] Bp. +Hall. + +Pro*di"gious (?), a. [L. prodigiosus, fr. prodigium a prodigy; cf. F. +prodigieux. See Prodigy.] + +1. Of the nature of a prodigy; marvelous; wonderful; portentous. [Obs. +or R.] Spenser. + + It is prodigious to have thunder in a clear sky. + + +Sir T. Browne. + +2. Extraordinary in bulk, extent, quantity, or degree; very great; +vast; huge; immense; as, a prodigious mountain; a prodigious creature; +a prodigious blunder. "Prodigious might." Milton. + +Syn. -- Huge; enormous; monstrous; portentous; marvelous; amazing; +astonishing; extraordinary. + +Pro*di"gious*ly, adv. + +1. Enormously; wonderfully; astonishingly; as, prodigiously great. + +2. Very much; extremely; as, he was prodigiously pleased. [Colloq.] +Pope. + +Pro*di"gious*ness, n. The quality or state of being prodigious; the +state of having qualities that excite wonder or astonishment; +enormousness; vastness. + +Prod"i*gy (?), n.; pl. Prodigies (#). [ L. prodigium; pro before + +(perh.) a word appearing in adagium adage: cf. F. prodige. Cf. Adage. ] + +1. Something extraordinary, or out of the usual course of nature, from +which omens are drawn; a portent; as, eclipses and meteors were +anciently deemed prodigies. + + So many terrors, voices, prodigies, May warn thee, as a sure + foregoing sign. + + +Milton. + +2. Anything so extraordinary as to excite wonder or astonishment; a +marvel; as, a prodigy of learning. + +3. A production out of ordinary course of nature; an abnormal +development; a monster. B. Jonson. + +Syn. -- Wonder; miracle; portent; marvel; monster. + +Pro*di"tion (?), n. [L. proditio, from prodere to give forth, betray: +cf. OF. prodition.] Disclosure; treachery; treason. [Obs.] Ainsworth. + +Prod"i*tor (?), n. [L.] A traitor. [Obs.] + +Prod`i*to"ri*ous (?), a. [Cf. OF. proditoire.] + +1. Treacherous; perfidious; traitorous. [Obs.] Daniel. + +2. Apt to make unexpected revelations. [Obs.] "Nature is proditorious." +Sir H. Wotton. + +Prod"i*to*ry (?), a. Treacherous. [Obs.] + +Prod"ro*mal (?), a. (Med.) Of or pertaining to prodromes; as, the +prodromal stage of a disease. + +Pro"drome (?), n. [Gr. &?; running before; &?; before + &?; to run: cf. +F. prodrome.] A forerunner; a precursor. + +Prod"ro*mous (?), a. Precursory. [R.] + +Prod"ro*mus (?), n. [NL.] + +1. A prodrome. + +2. A preliminary course or publication; -- used esp. in the titles of +elementary works. + +Pro*duce" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Produced (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Producing (?).] [L. producere, productum, to bring forward, beget, +produce; pro forward, forth + ducere to lead. See Duke.] + +1. To bring forward; to lead forth; to offer to view or notice; to +exhibit; to show; as, to produce a witness or evidence in court. + + Produce your cause, saith the Lord. + + +Isa. xli. 21. + + Your parents did not produce you much into the world. + + +Swift. + +2. To bring forth, as young, or as a natural product or growth; to give +birth to; to bear; to generate; to propagate; to yield; to furnish; as, +the earth produces grass; trees produce fruit; the clouds produce rain. + + This soil produces all sorts of palm trees. + + +Sandys. + + [They] produce prodigious births of body or mind. + + +Milton. + + The greatest jurist his country had produced. + + +Macaulay. + +3. To cause to be or to happen; to originate, as an effect or result; +to bring about; as, disease produces pain; vice produces misery. + +4. To give being or form to; to manufacture; to make; as, a +manufacturer produces excellent wares. + +5. To yield or furnish; to gain; as, money at interest produces an +income; capital produces profit. + +6. To draw out; to extend; to lengthen; to prolong; as, to produce a +man's life to threescore. Sir T. Browne. + +7. (Geom.) To extend; -- applied to a line, surface, or solid; as, to +produce a side of a triangle. + +Pro*duce", v. i. To yield or furnish appropriate offspring, crops, +effects, consequences, or results. + +Prod"uce (?; 277), n. That which is produced, brought forth, or +yielded; product; yield; proceeds; result of labor, especially of +agricultural labors; hence, specifically, agricultural products. + +Pro*duce"ment (?), n. Production. [Obs.] + +Pro*du"cent (?), n. [L. producens, p. pr.] One who produces, or offers +to notice. [Obs.] Ayliffe. + +Pro*du"cer (?), n. + +1. One who produces, brings forth, or generates. + +2. One who grows agricultural products, or manufactures crude materials +into articles of use. + +3. (Iron & Steel Manuf.) A furnace for producing combustible gas which +is used for fuel. + +Pro*du`ci*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being producible. +Barrow. + +Pro*du"ci*ble (?), a. Capable of being produced, brought forward, +brought forth, generated, made, or extended. -- Pro*du"ci*ble*ness, n. + +Prod"uct (?), n. [L. productus, p. pr. of producere. See Produce.] + +1. Anything that is produced, whether as the result of generation, +growth, labor, or thought, or by the operation of involuntary causes; +as, the products of the season, or of the farm; the products of +manufactures; the products of the brain. + + There are the product Of those ill-mated marriages. + + +Milton. + + These institutions are the products of enthusiasm. + + +Burke. + +2. (Math.) The number or sum obtained by adding one number or quantity +to itself as many times as there are units in another number; the +number resulting from the multiplication of two or more numbers; as, +the product of the multiplication of 7 by 5 is 35. In general, the +result of any kind of multiplication. See the Note under +Multiplication. + +Syn. -- Produce; production; fruit; result; effect; consequence; +outcome; work; performance. + +Pro*duct" (?), v. t. + +1. To produce; to bring forward. "Producted to . . . examination." +[Obs.] Foxe. + +2. To lengthen out; to extend. [Obs.] + + He that doth much . . . products his mortality. + + +Hackett. + +3. To produce; to make. [Obs.] Holinshed. + +Pro*duct`i*bil"i*ty (?), n. The state of being productible; +producibility. Ruskin. + +Pro*duct"i*ble (?), a. [Cf. F. productible.] Capable of being produced; +producible. + +Pro*duc"tile (?), a. [L. productilis, fr. producere to stretch out.] +Capable of being extended or prolonged; extensible; ductile. + +Pro*duc"tion (?), n. [L. productio a lengthening, prolonging: cf. F. +production. See Produce. ] + +1. The act or process or producing, bringing forth, or exhibiting to +view; as, the production of commodities, of a witness. + +2. That which is produced, yielded, or made, whether naturally, or by +the application of intelligence and labor; as, the productions of the +earth; the productions of handicraft; the productions of intellect or +genius. + +3. The act of lengthening out or prolonging. + +Syn. -- Product; produce; fruit; work; performance; composition. + +Pro*duc"tive (?), a. [F. productif, L. productivus fit for +prolongation.] + +1. Having the quality or power of producing; yielding or furnishing +results; as, productive soil; productive enterprises; productive labor, +that which increases the number or amount of products. + +2. Bringing into being; causing to exist; producing; originative; as, +an age productive of great men; a spirit productive of heroic +achievements. + + And kindle with thy own productive fire. + + +Dryden. + + This is turning nobility into a principle of virtue, and making it + productive of merit. + + +Spectator. + +3. Producing, or able to produce, in large measure; fertile; +profitable. + +-- Pro*duc"tive*ly, adv. -- Pro*duc"tive*ness, n. + +Pro`duc*tiv"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being productive; +productiveness. Emerson. + + Not indeed as the product, but as the producing power, the + productivity. + + +Coleridge. + +Pro*duc"tress (?), n. A female producer. + +||Pro*duc"tus (?), n. [NL. See Product.] (Paleon.) An extinct genus of +||brachiopods, very characteristic of the Carboniferous rocks. + +Pro`e*gu"mi*nal (?), a. [Gr. &?;, p. pr. of &?; to lead the way: cf. F. +proÈgumËne.] (Med.) Serving to predispose; predisposing; as, a +proeguminal cause of disease. + +Pro"em (?), n. [L. prooemium, Gr. &?;; &?; before + &?; way, course or +strain of a song: cf. F. proËme.] Preface; introduction; preliminary +observations; prelude. + + Thus much may serve by way of proem. + + +Swift. + +Pro"em, v. t. To preface. [Obs.] South. + +Pro*em"bry*o (?), n. [Pref. pro- + embryo. ] (Bot.) (a) The series of +cells formed in the ovule of a flowering plant after fertilization, but +before the formation of the embryo. (b) The primary growth from the +spore in certain cryptogamous plants; as, the proembryo, or protonema, +of mosses. + +Pro*e"mi*al (?), a. Introductory; prefatory; preliminary. [R.] Hammond. + +Pro`emp*to"sis (?), n. [NL., from Gr. &?; to fall in before; &?; before ++ &?; in + &?; to fall.] (Chron.) The addition of a day to the lunar +calendar. [R.] See Metemptosis. + +Pro"face (?), interj. [OF. prou face, prou fasse; prou profit + faire +to make, do.] Much good may it do you! -- a familiar salutation or +welcome. [Obs.] + + Master page, good master page, sit. Proface! + + +Shak. + +Prof"a*nate (?), v. t. To profane. [Obs.] + +Prof`a*na"tion (?), n. [L. profanatio: cf. F. profanation. See Profane, +v. t.] 1. The act of violating sacred things, or of treating them with +contempt or irreverence; irreverent or too familiar treatment or use of +what is sacred; desecration; as, the profanation of the Sabbath; the +profanation of a sanctuary; the profanation of the name of God. + +2. The act of treating with abuse or disrespect, or with undue +publicity, or lack of delicacy. + + 'T were profanation of our joys To tell the laity our love. + + +Donne. + +Pro*fane" (?), a. [F., fr. L. profanus, properly, before the temple, i. +e., without the temple, unholy; pro before + fanum temple. See 1st +Fane.] + +1. Not sacred or holy; not possessing peculiar sanctity; unconsecrated; +hence, relating to matters other than sacred; secular; -- opposed to +sacred, religious, or inspired; as, a profane place. "Profane authors." +I. Disraeli. + + The profane wreath was suspended before the shrine. + + +Gibbon. + +2. Unclean; impure; polluted; unholy. + + Nothing is profane that serveth to holy things. + + +Sir W. Raleigh. + +3. Treating sacred things with contempt, disrespect, irreverence, or +undue familiarity; irreverent; impious. Hence, specifically; Irreverent +in language; taking the name of God in vain; given to swearing; +blasphemous; as, a profane person, word, oath, or tongue. 1 Tim. i. 9. + +Syn. -- Secular; temporal; worldly; unsanctified; unhallowed; unholy; +irreligious; irreverent; ungodly; wicked; godless; impious. See +Impious. + +Pro*fane", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Profaned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Profaning.] [L. profanare: cf. F. profaner. See Profane, a.] + +1. To violate, as anything sacred; to treat with abuse, irreverence, +obloquy, or contempt; to desecrate; to pollute; as, to profane the name +of God; to profane the Scriptures, or the ordinance of God. + + The priests in the temple profane the sabbath. + + +Matt. xii. 5. + +2. To put to a wrong or unworthy use; to make a base employment of; to +debase; to abuse; to defile. + + So idly to profane the precious time. + + +Shak. + +Pro*fane"ly, adv. In a profane manner. + + The character of God profanely impeached. + + +Dr. T. Dwight. + +Pro*fane"ness, n. The quality or state of being profane; especially, +the use of profane language. + +Pro*fan"er (?), n. One who treats sacred things with irreverence, or +defiles what is holy; one who uses profane language. Hooker. + +Pro*fan"i*ty (?), n. [L. profanitas.] + +1. The quality or state of being profane; profaneness; irreverence; +esp., the use of profane language; blasphemy. + +2. That which is profane; profane language or acts. + + The brisk interchange of profanity and folly. + + +Buckminster. + +Pro*fec"tion (?), n. [See Proficient.] A setting out; a going forward; +advance; progression. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne. + +Pro`fec*ti"tious (?), a. [L. profectitius, fr. proficisci to set out, +proceed.] Proceeding from, as from a parent; derived, as from an +ancestor. [R.] + + The threefold distinction of profectitious, adventitious, and + professional was ascertained. + + +Gibbon. + +Pro"fert (?), n. [L., he brings forward, 3d pers. pr. of proferre. See +Proffer. ] (Law) The exhibition or production of a record or paper in +open court, or an allegation that it is in court. + +Pro*fess" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Professed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Professing.] [F. profËs, masc., professe, fem., professed (monk or +nun), L. professus, p. p. of profiteri to profess; pro before, forward ++ fateri to confess, own. See Confess.] + +1. To make open declaration of, as of one's knowledge, belief, action, +etc.; to avow or acknowledge; to confess publicly; to own or admit +freely. "Hear me profess sincerely." Shak. + + The best and wisest of them all professed To know this only, that + he nothing knew. + + +Milton. + +<! p. 1144 !> + +2. To set up a claim to; to make presence to; hence, to put on or +present an appearance of. + + I do profess to be no less than I seem. + + +Shak. + +3. To present to knowledge of, to proclaim one's self versed in; to +make one's self a teacher or practitioner of, to set up as an authority +respecting; to declare (one's self to be such); as, he professes +surgery; to profess one's self a physician. + +Pro*fess" (?), v. i. 1. To take a profession upon one's self by a +public declaration; to confess. Drayton. + +2. To declare friendship. [Obs.] Shak. + +Pro*fessed" (?), a. Openly declared, avowed, acknowledged, or claimed; +as, a professed foe; a professed tyrant; a professed Christian. + +The professed (R. C. Ch.) , a certain class among the Jesuits bound by +a special vow. See the note under Jesuit. + +Pro*fess"ed*ly (?), adv. By profession. + +Pro*fes"sion (?), n. [F., fr. L. professio. See Profess, v.] 1. The act +of professing or claiming; open declaration; public avowal or +acknowledgment; as, professions of friendship; a profession of faith. + + A solemn vow, promise, and profession. + + +Bk. of Com. Prayer. + +2. That which one professed; a declaration; an avowal; a claim; as, his +professions are insincere. + + The Indians quickly perceive the coincidence or the contradiction + between professions and conduct. + + +J. Morse. + +3. That of which one professed knowledge; the occupation, if not +mechanical, agricultural, or the like, to which one devotes one's self; +the business which one professes to understand, and to follow for +subsistence; calling; vocation; employment; as, the profession of arms; +the profession of a clergyman, lawyer, or physician; the profession of +lecturer on chemistry. + + Hi tried five or six professions in turn. + + +Macaulay. + +The three professions, or learned professions, are, especially, +theology, law, and medicine. + +4. The collective body of persons engaged in a calling; as, the +profession distrust him. + +5. (Eccl. Law.) The act of entering, or becoming a member of, a +religious order. + +Pro*fes"sion*al (?), a. 1. Of or pertaining to a profession, or +calling; conforming to the rules or standards of a profession; +following a profession; as, professional knowledge; professional +conduct. "Pride, not personal, but professional." Macaulay. "A +professional sneerer." De Quincey. + +2. Engaged in by professionals; as, a professional race; -- opposed to +amateur. + +Pro*fes"sion*al, n. A person who prosecutes anything professionally, or +for a livelihood, and not in the character of an amateur; a +professional worker. + +Pro*fes"sion*al*ism (?), n. The following of a profession, sport, etc., +as an occupation; -- opposed to amateurism. + +Pro*fes"sion*al*ist, n. professional person. [R.] + +Pro*fes"sion*al*ly, adv. In a professional manner or capacity; by +profession or calling; in the exercise of one's profession; one +employed professionally. + +Pro*fess"or (?), n. [L., a teacher, a public teacher: cf. F. +professeur. See Profess.] 1. One who professed, or makes open +declaration of, his sentiments or opinions; especially, one who makes a +public avowal of his belief in the Scriptures and his faith in Christ, +and thus unites himself to the visible church. "Professors of +religion." Bacon. + +2. One who professed, or publicly teaches, any science or branch of +learning; especially, an officer in a university, college, or other +seminary, whose business it is to read lectures, or instruct students, +in a particular branch of learning; as a professor of theology, of +botany, of mathematics, or of political economy. + +Pro`fes*so"ri*al (?), a. [L. professorius: cf. F. professorial.] Of or +pertaining to a professor; as, the professional chair; professional +interest. + +Pro`fes*so"ri*al*ism (?), n. The character, manners, or habits of a +professor. [R.] + +Pro`fes*so"ri*at (?), n. See Professoriate. + +Pro`fes*so"ri*ate (?), n. 1. The body of professors, or the +professorial staff, in a university or college. + +2. A professorship. + +Pro*fess"or*ship (?), n. The office or position of a professor, or +public teacher. Walton. + +Pro*fes"so*ry (?), a. [L. professorius.] Of or pertaining to a +professor; professorial. [R.] Bacon. + +Prof"fer (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Proffered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Proffering.] [OE. profren, proferen, F. profÈrer, fr. L. proferre to +bring forth or forward, to offer; pro forward + ferre to bring. See +Bear to produce.] 1. To offer for acceptance; to propose to give; to +make a tender of; as, to proffer a gift; to proffer services; to +proffer friendship. Shak. + + I reck not what wrong that thou me profre. + + +Chaucer. + +2. To essay or attempt of one's own accord; to undertake, or propose to +undertake. [R.] Milton. + +Prof"fer, n. 1. An offer made; something proposed for acceptance by +another; a tender; as, proffers of peace or friendship. + + He made a proffer to lay down his commission. + + +Clarendon. + +2. Essay; attempt. [R.] Bacon. + +Prof"fer*er (?), n. One who proffers something. + +{ Pro*fi"cience (?), Pro*fi"cien*cy (?) }, n. The quality of state of +being proficient; advance in the acquisition of any art, science, or +knowledge; progression in knowledge; improvement; adeptness; as, to +acquire proficiency in music. + +Pro*fi"cient (?), n. [L. proficiens, -entis, p. pr. of proficere to go +forward, make progress; pro forward + facere to make. See Fact, and cf. +Profit, (&?;)] One who has made considerable advances in any business, +art, science, or branch of learning; an expert; an adept; as, +proficient in a trade; a proficient in mathematics, music, etc. + +Pro*fi"cient (?), a. Well advanced in any branch of knowledge or skill; +possessed of considerable acquirements; well-skilled; versed; adept, + +Pro*fi"cient*ly, adv. In a proficient manner. + +Pro*fic"u*ous (?), a. [L. proficuus.] Profitable; advantageous; useful. +[Obs.] Harvey. + +Pro"file (?), n. [It. profilo, fr. L. pro before + filum a thread, an +outline, shape: cf. F. profil. See File arow, and cf. Purfle, Purl, a +fringe.] 1. An outline, or contour; as, the profile of an apple. + +2. (Paint & Sculp.) A human head represented sidewise, or in a side +view; the side face or half face. + +3. (a) (Arch.) A section of any member, made at right angles with its +main lines, showing the exact shape of moldings and the like. (b) +(Civil Engin.) A drawing exhibiting a vertical section of the ground +along a surveyed line, or graded work, as of a railway, showing +elevations, depressions, grades, etc. + +Profile paper (Civil Engin.), paper ruled with vertical and horizontal +lines forming small oblong rectangles, adapted for drawing profiles. + +Pro"file, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Profiled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Profiling] +[Cf. F. profiler, It. profilare. See Profile, n.] 1. to draw the +outline of; to draw in profile, as an architectural member. + +2. (Mech.) To shape the outline of an object by passing a cutter around +it. + +Profiling machine, a jigging machine. + +Pro"fil*ing, n. (Fort.) In the construction of fieldworks, the erection +at proper intervals of wooden profiles, to show to the workmen the +sectional form of the parapets at those points. + +Pro"fil*ist, n. One who takes profiles. + +Pro"fit (?), n. [F., fr. L. profectus advance, progress, profit, fr. +profectum. See Proficient.] 1. Acquisition beyond expenditure; excess +of value received for producing, keeping, or selling, over cost; hence, +pecuniary gain in any transaction or occupation; emolument; as, a +profit on the sale of goods. + + Let no man anticipate uncertain profits. + + +Rambler. + +2. Accession of good; valuable results; useful consequences; benefit; +avail; gain; as, an office of profit, + + This I speak for your own profit. + + +1 Cor. vii. 35. + + If you dare do yourself a profit and a right. + + +Shak. + +Syn. -- Benefit; avail; service; improvement; advancement; gain; +emolument. + +Prof"it, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Profited; p. pr. & vb. n. Profiting.] [F. +profiter. See Profit, n.] To be of service to; to be good to; to help +on; to benefit; to advantage; to avail; to aid; as, truth profits all +men. + + The word preached did not profit them. + + +Heb. iv. 2. + + It is a great means of profiting yourself, to copy diligently + excellent pieces and beautiful designs. + + +Dryden. + +Prof"it, v. i. 1. To gain advantage; to make improvement; to improve; +to gain; to advance. + + I profit not by thy talk. + + +Shak. + +2. To be of use or advantage; to do or bring good. + + Riches profit not in the day of wrath. + + +Prov. xi. 4. + +Prof"it*a*ble (?), a. [F. profitable.] Yielding or bringing profit or +gain; gainful; lucrative; useful; helpful; advantageous; beneficial; +as, a profitable trade; profitable business; a profitable study or +profession. + + What was so profitable to the empire became fatal to the emperor. + + +Arbuthnot. + +-- Prof"it*a*ble*ness, n. -- Prof"it*a*bly, adv. + +Prof"it*ing, n. Gain; advantage; profit. + + That thy profiting may appear to all. + + +1 Tim. iv. 15. + +Prof"it*less, a. Without profit; unprofitable. Shak. + +Prof"li*ga*cy (?), n. [See Profligate, a.] The quality of state of +being profligate; a profligate or very vicious course of life; a state +of being abandoned in moral principle and in vice; dissoluteness. + +Prof"li*gate (?), a. [L. profligatus, p. p. of profligare to strike or +dash to the ground, to destroy; pro before + a word akin to fligere to +strike. See Afflict.] + +1. Overthrown; beaten; conquered. [Obs.] + + The foe is profligate, and run. + + +Hudibras. + +2. Broken down in respect of rectitude, principle, virtue, or decency; +openly and shamelessly immoral or vicious; dissolute; as, profligate +man or wretch. + + A race more profligate than we. + + +Roscommon. + + Made prostitute and profligate muse. + + +Dryden. + +Syn. -- Abandoned; corrupt; dissolute; vitiated; depraved; vicious; +wicked. See Abandoned. + +Prof"li*gate, n. An abandoned person; one openly and shamelessly +vicious; a dissolute person. "Such a profligate as Antony." Swift. + +Prof"li*gate (?), v. t. To drive away; to overcome. [A Latinism] [Obs.] +Harvey. + +Prof"li*gate*ly (?), adv. In a profligate manner. + +Prof"li*gate*ness, n. The quality of being profligate; an abandoned +course of life; profligacy. + +Prof`li*ga"tion (?), n. [L. profligatio.] Defeat; rout; overthrow. +[Obs.] Bacon. + +Prof"lu*ence (?), n. [L. profluentia.] Quality of being profluent; +course. [R.] Sir H. Wotton. + +Prof"lu*ent (?), a. [L. profluens, p. pr. of profluere; pro forward + +fluere to flow.] Flowing forward, [R.] "In the profluent stream." +Milton. + +Pro*found", a. [F. profond, L. profundus; pro before, forward + fundus +the bottom. See Found to establish, Bottom lowest part.] 1. Descending +far below the surface; opening or reaching to a great depth; deep. "A +gulf profound." Milton. + +2. Intellectually deep; entering far into subjects; reaching to the +bottom of a matter, or of a branch of learning; thorough; as, a +profound investigation or treatise; a profound scholar; profound +wisdom. + +3. Characterized by intensity; deeply felt; pervading; overmastering; +far-reaching; strongly impressed; as, a profound sleep. "Profound +sciatica." Shak. + + Of the profound corruption of this class there can be no doubt. + + +Milman. + +4. Bending low, exhibiting or expressing deep humility; lowly; +submissive; as, a profound bow. + + What humble gestures! What profound reverence! + + +Duppa. + +Pro*found" (?), n. 1. The deep; the sea; the ocean. + + God in the fathomless profound Hath all this choice commanders + drowned. + + +Sandys. + +2. An abyss. Milton. + +Pro*found", v. t. To cause to sink deeply; to cause to dive or +penetrate far down. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne. + +Pro*found", v. i. To dive deeply; to penetrate. [Obs.] + +Pro*found"ly, adv. In a profound manner. + + Why sigh you so profoundly? + + +Shak. + +Pro*found"ness, n. The quality or state of being profound; profundity; +depth. Hooker. + +Pro*ful"gent (?), a. [Pref. pro- + L. fulgere to shine.] Shining forth; +brilliant; effulgent. [Obs.] "Profulgent in preciousness." Chaucer. + +Pro*fun"di*ty (?), n.; pl. -ties (#). [L. profunditas: cf. F. +profondite. See Profound.] The quality or state of being profound; +depth of place, knowledge, feeling, etc. "The vast profundity obscure." +Milton. + +Pro*fuse" (?), a. [L. profusus, p. p. of profundere to pour forth or +out; pro forward, forth + fundere to pour: cf. F. profus. See Fuse to +melt.] 1. Pouring forth with fullness or exuberance; bountiful; +exceedingly liberal; giving without stint; as, a profuse government; +profuse hospitality. + + A green, shady bank, profuse of flowers. + + +Milton. + +2. Superabundant; excessive; prodigal; lavish; as, profuse expenditure. +"Profuse ornament." Kames. + +Syn. -- Lavish; exuberant; bountiful; prodigal; extravagant. -- +Profuse, Lavish, Prodigal. Profuse denotes pouring out (as money, etc.) +with great fullness or freeness; as, profuse in his expenditures, +thanks, promises, etc. Lavish is stronger, implying unnecessary or +wasteful excess; as, lavish of his bounties, favors, praises, etc. +Prodigal is stronger still, denoting unmeasured or reckless profusion; +as, prodigal of one's strength, life, or blood, to secure some object. +Dryden. + +Pro*fuse" (?), v. t. To pour out; to give or spend liberally; to +lavish; to squander. [Obs.] Chapman. + +Pro*fuse"ly (?), adv. In a profuse manner. + +Pro*fuse"ness, n. Extravagance; profusion. + + Hospitality sometimes degenerates into profuseness. + + +Atterbury. + +Pro*fu"sion (?), n. [L. profusio: cf. F. profusion.] + +1. The act of one who is profuse; a lavishing or pouring out without +sting. + + Thy vast profusion to the factious nobles? + + +Rowe. + +2. Abundance; exuberant plenty; lavish supply; as, a profusion of +commodities. Addison. + +Pro*fu"sive (?), a. Profuse; lavish; prodigal.[Obs.] + +Prog (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Progged (&?;). p. pr. & vb. n. Progging.] +[Cf. D. prachen, G. prachern, Dan. prakke, Sw. pracka, to beg, L. +procare, procari, to ask, demand, and E. prowl.] 1. To wander about and +beg; to seek food or other supplies by low arts; to seek for advantage +by mean shift or tricks. [Low] + + A perfect artist in progging for money. + + +Fuller. + + I have been endeavoring to prog for you. + + +Burke. + +2. To steal; to rob; to filch. [Low] Johnson. + +3. To prick; to goad; to progue. [Scot.] + +Prog, n. 1. Victuals got by begging, or vagrancy; victuals of any kind; +food; supplies. [Slang] Swift. + + So long as he picked from the filth his prog. + + +R. Browning. + +2. A vagrant beggar; a tramp. [Slang] + +3. A goal; progue. [Scot.] + +Pro*gen"er*ate (?), v. t. [L. progeneratus, p. p. of progenerare to +beget; pro forth, forward + generare to generate.] To beget; to +generate; to produce; to procreate; as, to progenerate a race. [R.] +Landor. + +Pro*gen`er*a"tion (?), n. [L. progeneratio.] The act of begetting; +propagation. [R.] + +Pro*gen"i*tor (?), n. [OF. progeniteur, L. progenitor, fr. progignere, +progenitum, to bring forth, to beget; pro forth + gignere to beget. See +Gender kind.] An ancestor in the direct line; a forefather. + + And reverence thee their great progenitor. + + +Milton. + +Pro*gen"i*tor*ship, n. The state of being a progenitor. + +Pro*gen"i*tress (?), n. A female progenitor. + +Pro*gen"i*ture (?), n. [F. progÈniture.] A begetting, or birth. [R.] + +Prog"e*ny (?), n. [OE. progenie, F. progÈnie, fr. L. progenies, fr. +progignere. See Progenitor.] Descendants of the human kind, or +offspring of other animals; children; offspring; race, lineage. " +Issued from the progeny of kings." Shak. + +Pro*glot"tid (?), n. (Zoˆl) Proglottis. + +||Pro*glot"tis (?), n.; pl. Proglottides (#). [NL. fr. Gr. &?; the tip +||of the tongue; &?; forward + &?; the tongue.] (Zoˆl) One of the free, +||or nearly free, segments of a tapeworm. It contains both male and +||female reproductive organs, and is capable of a brief independent +||existence. + +||Prog"na*thi (?), n. pl. [NL. See Prognathous.] (Zoˆl) A comprehensive +||group of mankind, including those that have prognathous jaws. + +Prog*nath"ic, a. (Anat.) Prognathous. + +Prog"na*thism (?), n. (Anat.) Projection of the jaws. -- Prog"na*thy +(#), n. + +Prog"na*thous (?), a. [Gr. &?; before + &?; the jaw] (Anat.) Having the +jaws projecting beyond the upper part of the face; -- opposed to +orthognathous. See Gnathic index, under Gnathic. + + Their countenances had the true prognathous character. + + +Kane. + +<! p. 1145 !> + +Prog"ne (?), n. [L., a swallow, traditionally said to be fr. Progne +(The sister of Philomela), who was changed into a swallow, Gr. &?;.] +(Zoˆl.) (a) A swallow. (b) A genus of swallows including the purple +martin. See Martin. (c) An American butterfly (Polygonia, or Vanessa, +Progne). It is orange and black above, grayish beneath, with an +L-shaped silver mark on the hind wings. Called also gray comma. + +Prog*no"sis (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to know beforehand; &?; +before + &?; to know. See Know.] (Med.) The act or art of foretelling +the course and termination of a disease; also, the outlook afforded by +this act of judgment; as, the prognosis of hydrophobia is bad. + +Prog*nos"tic (?), a. [Gr. &?;. See Prognosis.] Indicating something +future by signs or symptoms; foreshowing; aiding in prognosis; as, the +prognostic symptoms of a disease; prognostic signs. + +Prog*nos"tic, n. [L. prognosticum, Gr. &?;: cf. F. pronostic, +prognostic. See Prognostic, a.] + +1. That which prognosticates; a sign by which a future event may be +known or foretold; an indication; a sign or omen; hence, a foretelling; +a prediction. + + That choice would inevitably be considered by the country as a + prognostic of the highest import. + + +Macaulay. + +2. (Med.) A sign or symptom indicating the course and termination of a +disease. Parr. + +Syn. -- Sign; omen; presage; token; indication. + +Prog*nos"tic, v. t. To prognosticate. [Obs.] + +Prog*nos"tic*a*ble (?), a. Capable of being prognosticated or foretold. +Sir T. Browne. + +Prog*nos"ti*cate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Prognosticated (?); p. pr. & +vb. n. Prognosticating.] [See Prognostic.] To indicate as future; to +foretell from signs or symptoms; to prophesy; to foreshow; to predict; +as, to prognosticate evil. Burke. + + I neither will nor can prognosticate To the young gaping heir his + father's fate. + + +Dryden. + +Syn. -- To foreshow; foretoken; betoken; forebode; presage; predict; +prophesy. + +Prog*nos`ti*ca"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. prognostication.] + +1. The act of foreshowing or foretelling something future by present +signs; prediction. + +2. That which foreshows; a foretoken. Shak. + +Prog*nos"ti*ca`tor (?), n. One who prognosticates; a foreknower or +foreteller of a future course or event by present signs. Isa. xlvii. +13. + +Pro"gram (?), n. Same as Programme. + +||Pro*gram"ma (?), n.; pl. Programmata (#). [ L. See Programme.] + +1. (Gr. Antiq.) Any law, which, after it had passed the Athenian +senate, was fixed on a tablet for public inspection previously to its +being proposed to the general assembly of the people. + +2. An edict published for public information; an official bulletin; a +public proclamation. + +3. See Programme. + +4. A preface. [Obs.] T. Warton. + +Pro"gramme (?), n. [L. programma a public proclamation, manifesto, Gr. +&?;, fr. &?; to write before or in public; &?; before, forth + &?; to +write; cf. F. programme. See Graphic.] That which is written or printed +as a public notice or advertisement; a scheme; a prospectus; +especially, a brief outline or explanation of the order to be pursued, +or the subjects embraced, in any public exercise, performance, or +entertainment; a preliminary sketch. + +Programme music (Mus.), descriptive instrumental music which requires +an argument or programme to explain the meaning of its several +movements. + +Prog"ress (?; 277), n. [L. progressus, from progredi, p. p. progressus, +to go forth or forward; pro forward + gradi to step, go: cf. F. +progrËs. See Grade.] + +1. A moving or going forward; a proceeding onward; an advance; +specifically: (a) In actual space, as the progress of a ship, carriage, +etc. (b) In the growth of an animal or plant; increase. (c) In business +of any kind; as, the progress of a negotiation; the progress of art. +(d) In knowledge; in proficiency; as, the progress of a child at +school. (e) Toward ideal completeness or perfection in respect of +quality or condition; -- applied to individuals, communities, or the +race; as, social, moral, religious, or political progress. + +2. A journey of state; a circuit; especially, one made by a sovereign +through parts of his own dominions. + + The king being returned from his progresse. + + +Evelyn. + +Pro*gress" (?; formerly pronounced like Progress, n.), v. i. [imp. & p. +p. Progressed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Progressing.] + +1. To make progress; to move forward in space; to continue onward in +course; to proceed; to advance; to go on; as, railroads are +progressing. "As his recovery progressed." Thackeray. + + Let me wipe off this honorable dew, That silverly doth progress on + thy checks. + + +Shak. + + They progress in that style in proportion as their pieces are + treated with contempt. + + +Washington. + + The war had progressed for some time. + + +Marshall. + +2. To make improvement; to advance. Bayard. + + If man progresses, art must progress too. + + +Caird. + +Prog"ress (?; see Progress, v. i.), v. t. To make progress in; to pass +through. [Obs.] Milton. + +Pro*gres"sion (?), n. [L. progressio: cf. F. progression.] + +1. The act of moving forward; a proceeding in a course; motion onward. + +2. Course; passage; lapse or process of time. + + I hope, in a short progression, you will be wholly immerged in the + delices and joys of religion. + + +Evelyn. + +3. (Math.) Regular or proportional advance in increase or decrease of +numbers; continued proportion, arithmetical, geometrical, or harmonic. + +4. (Mus.) A regular succession of tones or chords; the movement of the +parts in harmony; the order of the modulations in a piece from key to +key. + +Arithmetical progression, a progression in which the terms increase or +decrease by equal differences, as the numbers 2, 4, 6, 8, 1010, 8, 6, +4, 2 by the difference 2. + +-- Geometrical progression, a progression in which the terms increase +or decrease by equal ratios, as the numbers 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 6464, 32, +16, 8, 4, 2 by a continual multiplication or division by 2. + +-- Harmonic progression, a progression in which the terms are the +reciprocals of quantities in arithmetical progression, as Ω, º, , , . + +Pro*gres"sion*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to progression; tending to, +or capable of, progress. + +Pro*gres"sion*ist, n. + +1. One who holds to a belief in the progression of society toward +perfection. + +2. One who maintains the doctrine of progression in organic forms; -- +opposed to uniformitarian. H. Spencer. + +Prog"ress*ist (?), n. One who makes, or holds to, progress; a +progressionist. + +Pro*gress"ive (?), a. [Cf. F. progressif.] + +1. Moving forward; proceeding onward; advancing; evincing progress; +increasing; as, progressive motion or course; -- opposed to retrograde. + +2. Improving; as, art is in a progressive state. + +Progressive euchre or whist, a way of playing at card parties, by which +after every game, the losers at the first table go to the last table, +and the winners at all the tables, except the first, move up to the +next table. -- Progressive muscular atrophy (Med.), a nervous disorder +characterized by continuous atrophy of the muscles. + +-- Pro*gress"ive*ly, adv. -- Pro*gress"ive*ness, n. + +Progue (?), v. i. To prog. [Obs.] P. Fletcher. + +Progue, n. A sharp point; a goad. [Scot. & Local, U. S.] -- v. t. To +prick; to goad. [ Scot. & Local, U. S.]. + +Pro"heme (?), n. Proem. [Obs.] Chaucer. + +Pro*hib"it (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Prohibited; p. pr. & vb. n. +Prohibiting.] [L. prohibitus, p. p. of prohibere to prohibit; pro +before, forth + habere to have, hold. See Habit.] + +1. To forbid by authority; to interdict; as, God prohibited Adam from +eating of the fruit of a certain tree; we prohibit a person from doing +a thing, and also the doing of the thing; as, the law prohibits men +from stealing, or it prohibits stealing. + +Prohibit was formerly followed by to with the infinitive, but is now +commonly followed by from with the verbal noun in -ing. + +2. To hinder; to debar; to prevent; to preclude. + + Gates of burning adamant, Barred over us, prohibit all egress. + + +Milton. + +Syn. -- To forbid; interdict; debar; prevent; hinder. -- Prohibit, +Forbid. To forbid is Anglo-Saxon, and is more familiar; to prohibit is +Latin, and is more formal or official. A parent forbids his child to be +out late at night; he prohibits his intercourse with the profane and +vicious. + +Pro*hib"it*er (?), n. One who prohibits or forbids; a forbidder; an +interdicter. + +Pro`hi*bi"tion (?), n. [L. prohibitio: cf. F. prohibition.] + +1. The act of prohibiting; a declaration or injunction forbidding some +action; interdict. + + The law of God, in the ten commandments, consists mostly of + prohibitions. + + +Tillotson. + +2. Specifically, the forbidding by law of the sale of alcoholic liquors +as beverages. + +Writ of prohibition (Law), a writ issued by a superior tribunal, +directed to an inferior court, commanding the latter to cease from the +prosecution of a suit depending before it. Blackstone. + +By ellipsis, prohibition is used for the writ itself. + +Pro`hi*bi"tion*ist, n. + +1. One who favors prohibitory duties on foreign goods in commerce; a +protectionist. + +2. One who favors the prohibition of the sale (or of the sale and +manufacture) of alcoholic liquors as beverages. + +Pro*hib"it*ive, a. [Cf. F. prohibitif.] That prohibits; prohibitory; +as, a tax whose effect is prohibitive. + +Pro*hib"it*o*ry (?), a. [L. prohibitorius.] Tending to prohibit, +forbid, or exclude; implying prohibition; forbidding; as, a prohibitory +law; a prohibitory price. + +Prohibitory index. (R. C. Ch.) See under Index. + +Proin (proin), v. t. [See Prune to trim.] To lop; to trim; to prune; to +adorn. [Obs.] Chaucer. + + The sprigs that did about it grow He proined from the leafy arms. + + +Chapman. + +Proin, v. i. To employed in pruning. [Obs.] + +Proj"ect (?; 277), n. [OF. project, F. projet, fr. L. projectus, p. p. +of projicere to project; pro forward + jacere to throw. See Jet a +shooting forth, and cf. Projet.] + +1. The place from which a thing projects, or starts forth. [Obs.] +Holland. + +2. That which is projected or designed; something intended or devised; +a scheme; a design; a plan. + + Vented much policy, and projects deep. + + +Milton. + + Projects of happiness devised by human reason. + + +Rogers. + + He entered into the project with his customary ardor. + + +Prescott. + +3. An idle scheme; an impracticable design; as, a man given to +projects. + +Syn. -- Design; scheme; plan; purpose. -- Project, Design. A project is +something of a practical nature thrown out for consideration as to its +being done. A design is a project when matured and settled, as a thing +to be accomplished. An ingenious man has many projects, but, if +governed by sound sense, will be slow in forming them into designs. See +also Scheme. + +Pro*ject" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Projected; p. pr. & vb. n. +Projecting.] [Cf. OF. projecter, F. projeter.] + +1. To throw or cast forward; to shoot forth. + + Before his feet herself she did project. + + +Spenser. + + Behold! th' ascending villas on my side Project long shadows o'er + the crystal tide. + + +Pope. + +2. To cast forward or revolve in the mind; to contrive; to devise; to +scheme; as, to project a plan. + + What sit then projecting peace and war? + + +Milton. + +3. (Persp.) To draw or exhibit, as the form of anything; to delineate; +as, to project a sphere, a map, an ellipse, and the like; -- sometimes +with on, upon, into, etc.; as, to project a line or point upon a plane. +See Projection, 4. + +Pro*ject" (?), v. i. + +1. To shoot forward; to extend beyond something else; to be prominent; +to jut; as, the cornice projects; branches project from the tree. + +2. To form a project; to scheme. [R.] Fuller. + +Pro*ject"ile (?), a. [Cf. F. projectile.] + +1. Projecting or impelling forward; as, a projectile force. + +2. Caused or imparted by impulse or projection; impelled forward; as, +projectile motion. Arbuthnot. + +Pro*ject"ile, n. [Cf. F. projectile.] + +1. A body projected, or impelled forward, by force; especially, a +missile adapted to be shot from a firearm. + +2. pl. (Mech.) A part of mechanics which treats of the motion, range, +time of flight, etc., of bodies thrown or driven through the air by an +impelling force. + +Pro*jec"tion (?), n. [L. projectio: cf. F. projection.] + +1. The act of throwing or shooting forward. + +2. A jutting out; also, a part jutting out, as of a building; an +extension beyond something else. + +3. The act of scheming or planning; also, that which is planned; +contrivance; design; plan. Davenant. + +4. (Persp.) The representation of something; delineation; plan; +especially, the representation of any object on a perspective plane, or +such a delineation as would result were the chief points of the object +thrown forward upon the plane, each in the direction of a line drawn +through it from a given point of sight, or central point; as, the +projection of a sphere. The several kinds of projection differ +according to the assumed point of sight and plane of projection in +each. + +5. (Geog.) Any method of representing the surface of the earth upon a +plane. + +Conical projection, a mode of representing the sphere, the spherical +surface being projected upon the surface of a cone tangent to the +sphere, the point of sight being at the center of the sphere. -- +Cylindric projection, a mode of representing the sphere, the spherical +surface being projected upon the surface of a cylinder touching the +sphere, the point of sight being at the center of the sphere. -- +Globular, Gnomonic, Orthographic, projection,etc. See under Globular, +Gnomonic, etc. -- Mercator's projection, a mode of representing the +sphere in which the meridians are drawn parallel to each other, and the +parallels of latitude are straight lines whose distance from each other +increases with their distance from the equator, so that at all places +the degrees of latitude and longitude have to each other the same ratio +as on the sphere itself. -- Oblique projection, a projection made by +parallel lines drawn from every point of a figure and meeting the plane +of projection obliquely. -- Polar projection, a projection of the +sphere in which the point of sight is at the center, and the plane of +projection passes through one of the polar circles. -- Powder of +projection (Alchemy.), a certain powder cast into a crucible or other +vessel containing prepared metal or other matter which is to be thereby +transmuted into gold. -- Projection of a point on a plane (Descriptive +Geom.), the foot of a perpendicular to the plane drawn through the +point. -- Projection of a straight line of a plane, the straight line +of the plane connecting the feet of the perpendiculars let fall from +the extremities of the given line. + +Syn. -- See Protuberance. + +Pro*ject"ment (?), n. Design; contrivance; projection. [Obs.] +Clarendon. + +Pro*ject"or (?), n. [Cf. F. projeteur.] One who projects a scheme or +design; hence, one who forms fanciful or chimerical schemes. +L'Estrange. + +Pro*jec"ture (?), n. [L. projectura: cf. F. projecture.] A jutting out +beyond a surface. + +||Pro`jet" (?), n. [F. See Project, n.] A plan proposed; a draft of a +||proposed measure; a project. + +Proke (?), v. i. To poke; to thrust. [Obs.] Holland. + +Pro*lapse" (?), n. [L. prolapsus, fr. prolapsus, p. p. of prolabi to +fall forward; pro forward + labi to glide, fall.] (Med.) The falling +down of a part through the orifice with which it is naturally +connected, especially of the uterus or the rectum. Dunglison. + +Pro*lapse", v. i. To fall down or out; to protrude. + +Pro*lap"sion (?), n. [L. prolapsio.] (Med.) Prolapse. [ Written also +prolaption.] [Obs.] + +Pro*lap"sus (?), n. [L.] (Med.) Prolapse. + +Pro"late (?), a. [L. prolatus, used as p. p. of proferre to bring +forth, to extend; pro + latus, p. p. See Pro-, and Tolerate. ] +Stretched out; extended; especially, elongated in the direction of a +line joining the poles; as, a prolate spheroid; -- opposed to oblate. + +Prolate cycloid. See the Note under Cycloid. -- Prolate ellipsoid or +spheroid (Geom.), a figure generated by the revolution of an ellipse +about its major axis. See Ellipsoid of revolution, under Ellipsoid. + +Pro*late" (?), v. t. To utter; to pronounce. [Obs.] "Foun-der-ed; +prolate it right." B. Jonson. + +Pro*la"tion (?), n. [L. prolatio: cf. F. prolation.] + +1. The act of prolating or pronouncing; utterance; pronunciation. +[Obs.] Ray. + +2. The act of deferring; delay. [Obs.] Ainsworth. + +3. (Mus.) A mediÊval method of determining of the proportionate +duration of semibreves and minims. Busby. + +||Pro*la"tum (?), n.; pl. Prolata (#). [ NL. See Prolate.] (Geom.) A +||prolate spheroid. See Ellipsoid of revolution, under Ellipsoid. + +Pro"leg (?), n. [Pref. pro- for, in place of + leg.] (Zoˆl.) One of the +fleshy legs found on the abdominal segments of the larvÊ of +Lepidoptera, sawflies, and some other insects. Those of Lepidoptera +have a circle of hooks. Called also proped, propleg, and falseleg. + +Pro"leg`ate (?; 48), n. [L. prolegatus; pro for + legatus legate.] +(Rom. Hist.) The deputy or substitute for a legate. + +<! p. 1146 !> + +Prol`e*gom"e*na*ry (?), a. Of the nature of a prolegomenon; +preliminary; introductory; prefatory. + +||Prol`e*gom"e*non (?), n.; pl. Prolegomena (#). [ NL., fr. Gr. &?;, +||properly neut. pass. p. pr. of &?; to say beforehand; &?; before + +||&?; to say.] A preliminary remark or observation; an introductory +||discourse prefixed to a book or treatise. D. Stokes (1659). Sir W. +||Scott. + +||Pro*lep"sis (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?;, from &?; to take beforehand; +||&?; before + &?; to take.] + +1. (Rhet.) (a) A figure by which objections are anticipated or +prevented. Abp. Bramhall. (b) A necessary truth or assumption; a first +or assumed principle. + +2. (Chron.) An error in chronology, consisting in an event being dated +before the actual time. + +3. (Gram.) The application of an adjective to a noun in anticipation, +or to denote the result, of the action of the verb; as, to strike one +dumb. + +{ Pro*lep"tic (?), Pro*lep"tic*al (?), } a. [Gr. &?;: cf. F. +proleptique.] + +1. Of or pertaining to prolepsis; anticipative. "A far-seeing or +proleptic wisdom." De Quincey. + +2. Previous; antecedent. Glanvill. + +3. (Med.) Anticipating the usual time; -- applied to a periodical +disease whose paroxysms return at an earlier hour at every repetition. + +Pro*lep"tic*al*ly, adv. In a proleptical manner. + +Pro*lep"tics (?), n. (Med.) The art and science of predicting in +medicine. Laycock. + +||Pro`lÈ`taire" (?), n. [F. See Proletary.] One of the common people; a +||low person; also, the common people as a class or estate in a +||country. + +Prol`e*ta"ne*ous (?), a. [L. proletaneus.] Having a numerous offspring. +[R.] + +Prol`e*ta"ri*an (?), a. [L. proletarius. See Proletary.] Of or +pertaining to the proletaries; belonging to the commonalty; hence, +mean; vile; vulgar. "Every citizen, if he were not a proletarian animal +kept at the public cost." De Quincey. -- n. A proletary. + +Prol`e*ta"ri*at (?), n. [F.] The indigent class in the State; the body +of proletarians. + +Prol`e*ta"ri*ate (?), n. The lower classes; beggars. "The Italian +proletariate." J. A. Symonds. + +Prol"e*ta*ry (?), n.; pl. Proletaries (#). [ L. proletarius, fr. proles +offspring. Cf. ProlÈtaire.] (Rom. Antiq.) A citizen of the lowest +class, who served the state, not with property, but only by having +children; hence, a common person. + +Prol"i*cide (?), n. [L. proles offspring + caedere to kill.] The crime +of destroying one's offspring, either in the womb or after birth. +Bouvier. + +Pro*lif"er*ate (?), v. t. [L. proles offspring + ferre to bear.] + +1. (Biol.) To produce or form cells; especially, to produce cells +rapidly. + +2. (Zoˆl.) To produce zooids by budding. + +Pro*lif`er*a"tion (?), n. + +1. (Biol.) The continuous development of cells in tissue formation; +cell formation. Virchow. + +2. (Zoˆl.) The production of numerous zooids by budding, especially +when buds arise from other buds in succession. + +Pro*lif"er*ous (?), a. [L. proles offspring + -ferous.] + +1. (Bot.) Bearing offspring; -- applied to a flower from within which +another is produced, or to a branch or frond from which another rises, +or to a plant which is reproduced by buds or gemmÊ. + +2. (Zoˆl.) (a) Producing young by budding. (b) Producing sexual zooids +by budding; -- said of the blastostyle of a hydroid. (c) Producing a +cluster of branchlets from a larger branch; -- said of corals. + +Proliferous cyst (Med.), a cyst that produces highly-organized or even +vascular structures. Paget. + +-- Pro*lif"er*ous*ly, adv. + +Pro*lif"ic (?), a. [F. prolifique, fr. L. proles offspring (from pro +for, forward + the root of alere to nourish) + facere to make. See +Adult, Old, and Fact.] + +1. Having the quality of generating; producing young or fruit; +generative; fruitful; productive; -- applied to plants producing fruit, +animals producing young, etc.; -- usually with the implied idea of +frequent or numerous production; as, a prolific tree, female, and the +like. + +2. Serving to produce; fruitful of results; active; as, a prolific +brain; a controversy prolific of evil. + +3. (Bot.) Proliferous. + +Pro*lif"ic*a*cy (?), n. Prolificness. [R.] + +Pro*lif"ic*al (?), a. Producing young or fruit abundantly; fruitful; +prolific. -- Pro*lif"ic*al*ly, adv. + +Pro*lif"ic*ate (?), v. t. [See Prolific.] To make prolific; to +fertilize; to impregnate. Sir T. Browne. + +Pro*lif`i*ca"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. prolification, LL. prolificatio.] + +1. The generation of young. + +2. (Bot.) Reproduction by the growth of a plant, or part of a plant, +directly from an older one, or by gemmÊ. + +Pro*lif"ic*ness (?), n. The quality or state of being prolific; +fruitfulness; prolificacy. + +Pro*lix" (?; 277), a. [L. prolixus extended, long, prolix, probably fr. +pro before, forward + liqui to flow, akin to liquidus liquid; cf. OL. +lixa water: cf. F. prolixe. See Liquid.] + +1. Extending to a great length; unnecessarily long; minute in narration +or argument; excessively particular in detail; -- rarely used except +with reference to discourse written or spoken; as, a prolix oration; a +prolix poem; a prolix sermon. + + With wig prolix, down flowing to his waist. + + +Cowper. + +2. Indulging in protracted discourse; tedious; wearisome; -- applied to +a speaker or writer. + +Syn. -- Long; diffuse; prolonged; protracted; tedious; tiresome; +wearisome. -- Prolix, Diffuse. A prolix writer delights in +circumlocution, extended detail, and trifling particulars. A diffuse +writer is fond of amplifying, and abounds in epithets, figures, and +illustrations. Diffuseness often arises from an exuberance of +imagination; prolixity is generally connected with a want of it. + +Pro*lix"ious (?), a. Dilatory; tedious; superfluous. [Obs.] "Lay by all +nicety, and prolixious blushes." Shak. + +Pro*lix"i*ty (?), n. [L. prolixitas: cf. F. prolixitÈ.] The quality or +state of being prolix; great length; minute detail; as, prolixity in +discourses and writings. "For fulsomeness of his prolixitee." Chaucer. + + Idly running on with vain prolixity. + + +Drayton. + +Pro*lix"ly, adv. In a prolix manner. Dryden. + +Pro*lix"ness, n. Prolixity. Adam Smith. + +Proll (?), v. t. [See Prowl.] [imp. & p. p. Prolled (&?;); p. pr. & vb. +n. Prolling.] To search or prowl after; to rob; to plunder. [Obs.] +Barrow. + +Proll, v. i. To prowl about; to rob. [Obs.] South. + + Though ye prolle aye, ye shall it never find. + + +Chaucer. + +Proll"er (?), n. Prowler; thief. [Obs.] Chapman. + +Prol`o*cu"tor (?), n. [L., from proloqui, p. p. prolocutus, to speak +out; pro for + loqui to speak.] + +1. One who speaks for another. Jeffrey. + +2. The presiding officer of a convocation. Macaulay. + +Prol`o*cu"tor*ship, n. The office of a prolocutor. + +Pro"log (?), n. & v. Prologue. + +Pro"lo*gize (?), v. i. [Gr. &?;. See Prologue.] To deliver a Prologue. +[R.] Whewell. + +Pro"lo*gi`zer (?), n. One who prologizes. [R.] + +Pro"logue (?), n. [F., fr. L. prologus, fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to say +beforehand; &?; before + &?; to say. See Logic.] + +1. The preface or introduction to a discourse, poem, or performance; +as, the prologue of Chaucer's "Canterbury Tales;" esp., a discourse or +poem spoken before a dramatic performance + +2. One who delivers a prologue. [R.] Shak. + +Pro"logue, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Prologued (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Prologuing.] To introduce with a formal preface, or prologue. [R.] +Shak. + +Pro*long" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Prolonged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Prolonging.] [F. prolonger, L. prolongare; pro before, forth + longus +long. See Long, a., and cf. Prolongate, Purloin. ] + +1. To extend in space or length; as, to prolong a line. + +2. To lengthen in time; to extend the duration of; to draw out; to +continue; as, to prolong one's days. + + Prolong awhile the traitor's life. + + +Shak. + + The unhappy queen with talk prolonged the night. + + +Dryden. + +3. To put off to a distant time; to postpone. Shak. + +Pro*long"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being prolonged; as, life is +prolongable by care. + + Each syllable being a prolongable quantity. + + +Rush. + +Pro*lon"gate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Prolongated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Prolongating.] [L. prolongatus, p. p. of prolongare. See Prolong.] To +prolong; to extend in space or in time. [R.] + +Pro`lon*ga"tion (?), n. [F. prolongation.] + +1. The act of lengthening in space or in time; extension; protraction. +Bacon. + +2. That which forms an additional length. + +Pro*longe" (?), n. [F. See Prolong.] (Field Artillery) A rope with a +hook and a toggle, sometimes used to drag a gun carriage or to lash it +to the limber, and for various other purposes. + +Pro*long"er (?), n. One who, or that which, causes an extension in time +or space. + +Pro*long"ment (?), n. Prolongation. + +Pro*lu"sion (?), n. [L. prolusio, fr. proludere to prelude; pro before ++ ludere to play: cf. F. prolusion, It. prolusione.] A trial before the +principal performance; a prelude; hence, an introductory essay or +exercise. "Domestic prolusions." Thackeray. + + Her presence was in some measure a restraint on the worthy divine, + whose prolusion lasted. + + +Sir W. Scott. + +Prom`a*na"tion (?), n. [Pref. pro- + L. manatio a flowing, fr. manare +to flow.] The act of flowing forth; emanation; efflux. [Obs.] Dr. H. +More. + +Prom`e*nade" (?), n. [F. (with a foreign suffix), from promener to +lead, take for a walk, se promener to walk, from L. prominare to drive +forward or along; pro forward + minare to drive animals. See Amenable, +Menace.] + +1. A walk for pleasure, display, or exercise. Burke. + +2. A place for walking; a public walk. Bp. Montagu. + +Prom`e*nade", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Promenaded; p. pr. & vb. n. +Promenading.] To walk for pleasure, display, or exercise. + +Prom`e*nad"er (?), n. One who promenades. + +Pro*mer"it (?), v. t. [L. promeritus, p. p. of promerere to deserve; +pro before + merere to merit.] + +1. To oblige; to confer a favor on. [Obs.] Bp. Hall. + +2. To deserve; to procure by merit. [Obs.] Davenant. + +||Prom"e*rops (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; before + &?; bee-eater.] +||(Zoˆl.) Any one of several species of very brilliant birds belonging +||to Promerops, Epimarchus, and allied genera, closely related to the +||paradise birds, and mostly native of New Guinea. They have a long +||curved beak and a long graduated tail. + +||Pro*me"the*a (?), n. [NL. See Prometheus.] (Zoˆl.) A large American +||bombycid moth (Callosamia promethea). Its larva feeds on the +||sassafras, wild cherry, and other trees, and suspends its cocoon from +||a branch by a silken band. + +Pro*me"the*an (?), a. [L. Prometh&?;us: cf. F. promÈthÈen.] + +1. Of or pertaining to Prometheus. See Prometheus. "Promethean fire." +Shak. + +2. Having a life-giving quality; inspiring. + +Pro*me"the*an (?), n. (Old Chem.) (a) An apparatus for automatic +ignition. (b) A kind of lucifer match. + +Pro*me"the*us (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?;, from &?; to have forethought +for.] (Class. Myth.) The son of Iapetus (one of the Titans) and +Clymene, fabled by the poets to have surpassed all mankind in +knowledge, and to have formed men of clay to whom he gave life by means +of fire stolen from heaven. Jupiter, being angry at this, sent Mercury +to bind Prometheus to Mount Caucasus, where a vulture preyed upon his +liver. + +{ Prom"i*nence (?), Prom"i*nen*cy (?), } n. [L. prominentia: cf. F. +prominence. See Prominent. ] + +1. The quality or state of being prominent; a standing out from +something; conspicuousness. + +2. That which is prominent; a protuberance. + +Solar prominences. (Astron.) See Solar Protuberances, under +Protuberance. + +Prom"i*nent (?), a. [L. prominens, -entis, p. pr. of prominere to jut +out, to project; pro before, forward + minere (in comp.) to jut, +project: cf. F. prominent. See Imminent, Eminent.] + +1. Standing out, or projecting, beyond the line surface of something; +jutting; protuberant; in high relief; as, a prominent figure on a vase. + +2. Hence; Distinctly manifest; likely to attract attention from its +size or position; conspicuous; as, a prominent feature of the face; a +prominent building. + +3. Eminent; distinguished above others; as, a prominent character. + +Prominent' moth (Zoˆl.), any moth of the family NotodontidÊ; a +notodontian; -- so called because the larva has a hump or prominence on +its back. Several of the species are injurious to fruit trees. + +Prom"i*nent*ly, adv. In a prominent manner. + +Pro`mis*cu"i*ty (?), n. Promiscuousness; confusion. H. Spencer. + +Pro*mis"cu*ous (?), a. [L. promiscuus; pro before, in place of, for + +miscere to mix. See Mix. ] + +1. Consisting of individuals united in a body or mass without order; +mingled; confused; undistinguished; as, a promiscuous crowd or mass. + + A wild, where weeds and flowers promiscuous shoot. + + +Pope. + +2. Distributed or applied without order or discrimination; not +restricted to an individual; common; indiscriminate; as, promiscuous +love or intercourse. + +Pro*mis"cu*ous*ly, adv. In a promiscuous manner. + +Pro*mis"cu*ous*ness, n. The quality or state of being promiscuous. + +Prom"ise (?), a. [F. promesse, L. promissum, fr. promittere, promissum, +to put forth, foretell, promise; pro forward, for + mittere to send. +See Mission. ] + +1. In general, a declaration, written or verbal, made by one person to +another, which binds the person who makes it to do, or to forbear to +do, a specified act; a declaration which gives to the person to whom it +is made a right to expect or to claim the performance or forbearance of +a specified act. + + For if the inheritance be of the law, it is no more of promise: but + God gave it to Abraham by promise. + + +Gal. iii. 18. + +2. (Law) An engagement by one person to another, either in words or in +writing, but properly not under seal, for the performance or +nonperformance of some particular thing. The word promise is used to +denote the mere engagement of a person, without regard to the +consideration for it, or the corresponding duty of the party to whom it +is made. Chitty. Parsons. Burrill. + +3. That which causes hope, expectation, or assurance; especially, that +which affords expectation of future distinction; as, a youth of great +promise. Shak. + + My native country was full of youthful promise. + + +W. Irving. + +4. Bestowal, fulfillment, or grant of what is promised. + + He . . . commanded them that they should not depart from Jerusalem, + but wait for the promise of the Father. + + +Acts i. 4. + +Prom"ise, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Promised (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Promising.] + +1. To engage to do, give, make, or to refrain from doing, giving, or +making, or the like; to covenant; to engage; as, to promise a visit; to +promise a cessation of hostilities; to promise the payment of money. +"To promise aid." Shak. + +2. To afford reason to expect; to cause hope or assurance of; as, the +clouds promise rain. Milton. + +3. To make declaration of or give assurance of, as some benefit to be +conferred; to pledge or engage to bestow; as, the proprietors promised +large tracts of land; the city promised a reward. + +Promised land. See Land of promise, under Land. -- To promise one's +self. (a) To resolve; to determine; to vow. (b) To be assured; to have +strong confidence. + + I dare promise myself you will attest the truth of all I have + advanced. + + +Rambler. + +Prom"ise, v. i. + +1. To give assurance by a promise, or binding declaration. + +2. To afford hopes or expectation; to give ground to expect good; +rarely, to give reason to expect evil. + + Will not the ladies be afeard of the lion? I fear it, I promise + you. + + +Shak. + +Prom`is*ee" (?), n. (Law) The person to whom a promise is made. + +Prom"is*er (?), n. One who promises. + +Prom"is*ing, a. Making a promise or promises; affording hope or +assurance; as, promising person; a promising day. -- Prom"is*ing*ly, +adv. + +Prom"is*or (?), n. (Law) One who engages or undertakes; a promiser. +Burrill. + +Pro*mis"sive (?), a. Making a promise; implying a promise; promising. +[R.] + +<! p. 1147 !> + +Prom"is*so*ri*ly (?), adv. In a promissory manner. Sir T. Browne. + +Prom"is*so*ry (?), a. Containing a promise or binding declaration of +something to be done or forborne. + +Promissory note (Law), a written promise to pay to some person named, +and at a time specified therein, or on demand, or at sight, a certain +sum of money, absolutely and at all events; -- frequently called a note +of hand. Kent. Byles. Story. + +Prom"ont (?), n. Promontory. [R.] Drayton. + +Prom"on*to*ry (?), n.; pl. Promontories (#). [ L. promonturium, +promunturium; pro before + mons, montis, mountain: cf. F. promontoire. +See Mount, n.] + +1. (Phys. Geog.) A high point of land or rock projecting into the sea +beyond the line of coast; a headland; a high cape. + + Like one that stands upon a promontory. + + +Shak. + +2. (Anat.) A projecting part. Especially: (a) The projecting angle of +the ventral side of the sacrum where it joins the last lumbar vertebra. +(b) A prominence on the inner wall of the tympanum of the ear. + +Pro*mor`pho*log"ic*al (?), a. (Biol.) Relating to promorphology; as, a +promorphological conception. + +Pro`mor*phol"o*gist (?), n. (Biol.) One versed in the science of +promorphology. + +Pro`mor*phol"o*gy (?), n. [Pref. pro- + morphology.] (Biol.) +Crystallography of organic forms; -- a division of morphology created +by Haeckel. It is essentially stereometric, and relates to a +mathematical conception of organic forms. See Tectology. + +Pro*mote" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Promoted; p. pr. & vb. n. +Promoting.] [L. promotus, p. p. of promovere to move forward, to +promote; pro forward + movere to move. See Move.] + +1. To contribute to the growth, enlargement, or prosperity of (any +process or thing that is in course); to forward; to further; to +encourage; to advance; to excite; as, to promote learning; to promote +disorder; to promote a business venture. "Born to promote all truth." +Milton. + +2. To exalt in station, rank, or honor; to elevate; to raise; to +prefer; to advance; as, to promote an officer. + + I will promote thee unto very great honor. + + +Num. xxii. 17. + + Exalt her, and she shall promote thee. + + +Prov. iv. 18. + +Syn. -- To forward; advance; further; patronize; help; exalt; prefer; +elevate; dignify. + +Pro*mote", v. i. To urge on or incite another, as to strife; also, to +inform against a person. [Obs.] + +Pro*mot"er (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, forwards, advances, or +promotes; an encourager; as, a promoter of charity or philosophy. +Boyle. + +2. Specifically, one who sets on foot, and takes the preliminary steps +in, a scheme for the organization of a corporation, a joint-stock +company, or the like. + +3. One who excites; as, a promoter of sedition. + +4. An informer; a makebate. [Obs.] Tusser. + +Pro*mo"tion (-m"shn), n. [L. promotio: cf. F. promotion.] The act of +promoting, advancing, or encouraging; the act of exalting in rank or +honor; also, the condition of being advanced, encouraged, or exalted in +honor; preferment. Milton. + + Promotion cometh neither from the east, nor from the west, nor from + the south. + + +Ps. lxxv. 6. + +Pro*mo"tive (?), a. Tending to advance, promote, or encourage. Hume. + +Pro*move" (?), v. t. [See Promote.] To move forward; to advance; to +promote. [Obs.] Bp. Fell. + +Pro*mov"er (?), n. A promoter. [Obs.] + +Prompt (prmt; 215), a. [Compar. Prompter (?); superl. Promptest.] [F. +prompt, L. promptus, properly, brought forth (to light or view), hence, +visible, evident, at hand, ready, quick, -- p. p. of promere to take or +bring forth; pro forth + emere to take. See Redeem. ] + +1. Ready and quick to act as occasion demands; meeting requirements +readily; not slow, dilatory, or hesitating in decision or action; +responding on the instant; immediate; as, prompt in obedience or +compliance; -- said of persons. + + Very discerning and prompt in giving orders. + + +Clarendon. + + Tell him I am prompt To lay my crown at's feet. + + +Shak. + + And you, perhaps, too prompt in your replies. + + +Dryden. + +2. Done or rendered quickly, readily, or immediately; given without +delay or hesitation; -- said of conduct; as, prompt assistance. + + When Washington heard the voice of his country in distress, his + obedience was prompt. + + +Ames. + +3. Easy; unobstructed. [Obs.] + + The reception of the light into the body of the building was very + prompt. + + +Sir H. Wotton. + +Syn. -- Ready; expeditious; quick; agile; alert; brisk; nimble. -- +Prompt, Ready, Expeditious. One who is ready is prepared to act at the +moment. One who is prompt acts at the moment. One who is expeditious +carries through an undertaking with constant promptness. + +Prompt, n. (Com.) A limit of time given for payment of an account for +produce purchased, this limit varying with different goods. See +Prompt-note. + + To cover any probable difference of price which might arise before + the expiration of the prompt, which for this article [tea] is three + months. + + +J. S. Mill. + +Prompt, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Prompted; p. pr. & vb. n. Prompting.] + +1. To assist or induce the action of; to move to action; to instigate; +to incite. + + God first . . . prompted on the infirmities of the infant world by + temporal prosperity. + + +Jer. Taylor. + +2. To suggest; to dictate. + + And whispering angles prompt her golden dreams. + + +Pope. + +3. To remind, as an actor or an orator, of words or topics forgotten. + +Prompt"-book` (&?;), n. The book used by a prompter of a theater. + +Prompt"er (?), n. + +1. One who, or that which, prompts; one who admonishes or incites to +action. + +2. One who reminds another, as an actor or an orator, of the words to +be spoken next; specifically, one employed for this purpose in a +theater. + +Prompt"i*tude (?), n. [F., fr. L. promptitudo. See Prompt, a.] The +quality of being prompt; quickness of decision and action when occasion +demands; alacrity; as, promptitude in obedience. + + Men of action, of promptitude, and of courage. + + +I. Taylor. + +Prompt"ly, adv. In a prompt manner. + +Prompt"ness, n. + +1. Promptitude; readiness; quickness of decision or action. + +2. Cheerful willingness; alacrity. + +Prompt"-note` (?), n. (Com.) A memorandum of a sale, and time when +payment is due, given to the purchaser at a sale of goods. + +Promp"tu*a*ry (?), a. Of or pertaining to preparation. [R.] Bacon. + +Promp"tu*a*ry, n. [L. promptuarium, fr. promptuarius belonging to +distribution, distributing: cf, F. promptuaire. See Prompt, a.] That +from which supplies are drawn; a storehouse; a magazine; a repository. +Woodward. + +Promp"ture (?; 135), n. [See Prompt, a.] Suggestion; incitement; +prompting. [R.] Shak. Coleridge. + +Pro*mul"gate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Promulgated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Promulgating.] [L. promulgatus, p. p. of promulgare to promulgate; of +unknown origin. Cf. Promulge.] To make known by open declaration, as +laws, decrees, or tidings; to publish; as, to promulgate the secrets of +a council. + +Syn. -- To publish; declare; proclaim. See Announce. + +Pro`mul*ga"tion (?), n. [L. promulgatio: cf. F. promulgation.] The act +of promulgating; publication; open declaration; as, the promulgation of +the gospel. South. + +Pro"mul*ga`tor (?), n. [L.] One who promulgates or publishes. Dr. H. +More. + +Pro*mulge" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Promulged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Promulging (?).] [Cf. F. promulguer. See Promulgate.] To promulgate; to +publish or teach. Blackstone. + + Extraordinary doctrines these for the age in which they were + promulged. + + +Prescott. + +Pro*mul"ger (?), n. One who promulges or publishes what was before +unknown. Atterbury. + +||Pro*mus"cis (?), n. [L., corruption of proboscis.] (Zoˆl.) The +||proboscis of hemipterous insects. See Illust. under Hemiptera. + +||Pro*na"os (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?;; &?; before + &?; temple.] (Arch.) +||The porch or vestibule of a temple. + +Pro"nate (?), a. [L. pronatus, p. p. of pronare to bend forward. See +Prone.] Somewhat prone; inclined; as, pronate trees. Kane. + +Pro*na"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. pronation.] (Physiol.) (a) The act of +turning the palm or palmar surface of the forefoot downward. (b) That +motion of the forearm whereby the palm or palmar, surface is turned +downward. (c) The position of the limb resulting from the act of +pronation. Opposed to supination. + +Pro*na"tor (?), n. [NL.] (Anat.) A muscle which produces pronation. + +Prone (?), a. [L. pronus, akin to Gr. &?;, &?;, Skr. pravana sloping, +inclined, and also to L. pro forward, for. See Pro-.] + +1. Bending forward; inclined; not erect. + + Towards him they bend With awful reverence prone. + + +Milton. + +2. Prostrate; flat; esp., lying with the face down; -- opposed to +supine. + + Which, as the wind, Blew where it listed, laying all things prone. + + +Byron. + +3. Headlong; running downward or headlong. "Down thither prone in +flight." Milton. + +4. Sloping, with reference to a line or surface; declivous; inclined; +not level. + + Since the floods demand, For their descent, a prone and sinking + land. + + +Blackmore. + +5. Inclined; propense; disposed; -- applied to the mind or affections, +usually in an ill sense. Followed by to. "Prone to mischief." Shak. + + Poets are nearly all prone to melancholy. + + +Landor. + +Prone"ly, adv. In a prone manner or position. + +Prone"ness, n. + +1. The quality or state of being prone, or of bending downward; as, the +proneness of beasts is opposed to the erectness of man. + +2. The state of lying with the face down; -- opposed to supineness. + +3. Descent; declivity; as, the proneness of a hill. + +4. Inclination of mind, heart, or temper; propension; disposition; as, +proneness to self- gratification. + +Pro*neph"ric (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the pronephros. + +||Pro*neph"ros (?), ||Pro*neph"ron (&?;), n. [ NL., fr. Gr. &?; before +||+ &?; a kidney.] (Anat.) The head kidney. See under Head. + +Prong (?), n. [Cf. D. prangen to pinch, press, LG. prange a stick, or +W. procio to thrust, E. prowl, pang.] + +1. A sharp-pointed instrument. + + Prick it on a prong of iron. + + +Sandys. + +2. The tine of a fork, or of a similar instrument; as, a fork of two or +three prongs. + +3. (Zoˆl.) (a) A sharp projection, as of an antler. (b) The fang of a +tooth. + +Prong"buck` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) (a) The springbuck. (b) The pronghorn. + +Pronged (?), a. Having prongs or projections like the tines of a fork; +as, a three-pronged fork. + +Prong"-hoe` (?), n. A hoe with prongs to break the earth. + +Prong"horn` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) An American antelope (Antilocapra +Americana), native of the plain near the Rocky Mountains. The upper +parts are mostly yellowish brown; the under parts, the sides of the +head and throat, and the buttocks, are white. The horny sheath of the +horns is shed annually. Called also cabrÈe, cabut, prongbuck, and +pronghorned antelope. + +Pro"ni*ty (?), n. [L. pronitas.] Proneness; propensity. [R.] Dr. H. +More. + +Pro*nom"i*nal (?), a. [L. pronominalis: cf. F. pronominal. See +Pronoun.] Belonging to, or partaking of the nature of, a pronoun. + +Pro*nom"i*nal*ize (?), v. t. To give the effect of a pronoun to; as, to +pronominalize the substantives person, people, etc. Early. + +Pro*nom"i*nal*ly, adv. In a pronominal manner&?; with the nature or +office of a pronoun; as a pronoun. + +||Pro`non`cÈ" (?), a. [F. See Pronounce.] Strongly marked; decided, as +||in manners, etc. + +Pro*no"ta*ry (?), n. See Prothonotary. + +||Pro*no"tum (?), n.; pl. Pronota (#). [NL. See Pro-, and Notum.] +||(Zoˆl.) The dorsal plate of the prothorax in insects. See Illust. of +||Coleoptera. + +Pro"noun (?), n. [Pref. pro- + noun: cf. F. pronom, L. pronomen. See +Noun.] (Gram.) A word used instead of a noun or name, to avoid the +repetition of it. The personal pronouns in English are I, thou or you, +he, she, it, we, ye, and they. + +Pro*nounce" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pronounced (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Pronounging (?).] [F. prononcer, L. pronunciare; pro before, forth + +nunciare, nuntiare, to announce. See Announce.] + +1. To utter articulately; to speak out or distinctly; to utter, as +words or syllables; to speak with the proper sound and accent as, +adults rarely learn to pronounce a foreign language correctly. + +2. To utter officially or solemnly; to deliver, as a decree or +sentence; as, to pronounce sentence of death. + + Sternly he pronounced The rigid interdiction. + + +Milton. + +3. To speak or utter rhetorically; to deliver; to recite; as, to +pronounce an oration. + + Speak the speech, I pray you, as I pronounced it to you. + + +Shak. + +4. To declare or affirm; as, he pronounced the book to be a libel; he +pronounced the act to be a fraud. + + The God who hallowed thee and blessed, Pronouncing thee all good. + + +Keble. + +Syn. -- To deliver; utter; speak. See Deliver. + +Pro*nounce", v. i. + +1. To give a pronunciation; to articulate; as, to pronounce +faultlessly. Earle. + +2. To make declaration; to utter on opinion; to speak with confidence. +[R.] Dr. H. More. + +Pro*nounce", n. Pronouncement; declaration; pronunciation. [Obs.] +Milton. + +Pro*nounce"a*ble (?), a. [Cf. L. pronunciabilis declarative.] Capable +of being pronounced. + +Pro*nounced" (?), a. [F. prononcÈ.] Strongly marked; unequivocal; +decided. [A Gallicism] + + [His] views became every day more pronounced. + + +Thackeray. + +Pro*nounce"ment (?), n. The act of pronouncing; a declaration; a formal +announcement. + +Pro*noun"cer (?), n. One who pronounces, utters, or declares; also, a +pronouncing book. + +Pro*noun"cing (?), a. Pertaining to, or indicating, pronunciation; as, +a pronouncing dictionary. + +Pro*nu"bi*al (?), a. [L. pronuba bridesmaid; pro before + nubere to +marry.] Presiding over marriage. [R.] + +Pro*nu"cle*us (?), n.; pl. Pronuclei (-). [NL. See Pro-, and Nucleus.] +(Biol.) One of the two bodies or nuclei (called male and female +pronuclei) which unite to form the first segmentation nucleus of an +impregnated ovum. + +In the maturing of the ovum preparatory to impregnation, a part of the +germinal vesicle (see Polar body, under Polar) becomes converted into a +number of small vesicles, which aggregate themselves into a single +clear nucleus. which travels towards the center of the egg and is +called the female pronucleus. In impregnation, the spermatozoˆn which +enters the egg soon loses its tail, while the head forms a nucleus, +called the male pronucleus, which gradually travels towards the female +pronucleus and eventually fuses with it, forming the first segmentation +nucleus. + +Pro*nun"cial (?), a. Of or pertaining to pronunciation; pronunciative. + +Pro*nun`ci*a*men"to (?), n. A proclamation or manifesto; a formal +announcement or declaration. + +||Pro*nun`ci*a`mi"en"to (?), n. [Sp. See Pronounce.] See +||Pronunciamento. + +Pro*nun`ci*a"tion (?; 277), n. [F. pronunciation, L. pronunciatio. See +Pronounce.] + +1. The act of uttering with articulation; the act of giving the proper +sound and accent; utterance; as, the pronunciation of syllables of +words; distinct or indistinct pronunciation. + +2. The mode of uttering words or sentences. + +3. (Rhet.) The art of manner of uttering a discourse publicly with +propriety and gracefulness; -- now called delivery. J. Q. Adams. + +Pro*nun"ci*a*tive (?), a. [L. pronunciativus.] + +1. Of or pertaining to pronunciation. + +2. Uttering confidently; dogmatical. [Obs.] Bacon. + +Pro*nun"ci*a`tor (?), n. [L., a reciter.] One who pronounces; a +pronouncer. + +<! p. 1148 !> + +Pro*nun"ci*a*to*ry (?), a. Of or pertaining to pronunciation; that +pronounces. + +Proof (?), n. [OF. prove, proeve, F. preuve, fr. L. proba, fr. probare +to prove. See Prove.] + +1. Any effort, process, or operation designed to establish or discover +a fact or truth; an act of testing; a test; a trial. + + For whatsoever mother wit or art Could work, he put in proof. + + +Spenser. + + You shall have many proofs to show your skill. + + +Ford. + + Formerly, a very rude mode of ascertaining the strength of spirits + was practiced, called the proof. + + +Ure. + +2. That degree of evidence which convinces the mind of any truth or +fact, and produces belief; a test by facts or arguments that induce, or +tend to induce, certainty of the judgment; conclusive evidence; +demonstration. + + I'll have some proof. + + +Shak. + + It is no proof of a man's understanding to be able to confirm + whatever he pleases. + + +Emerson. + +Properly speaking, proof is the effect or result of evidence, evidence +is the medium of proof. Cf. Demonstration, 1. + +3. The quality or state of having been proved or tried; firmness or +hardness that resists impression, or does not yield to force; +impenetrability of physical bodies. + +4. Firmness of mind; stability not to be shaken. + +5. (Print.) A trial impression, as from type, taken for correction or +examination; -- called also proof sheet. + +6. (Math.) A process for testing the accuracy of an operation +performed. Cf. Prove, v. t., 5. + +7. Armor of excellent or tried quality, and deemed impenetrable; +properly, armor of proof. [Obs.] Shak. + +Artist's proof, a very early proof impression of an engraving, or the +like; -- often distinguished by the artist's signature. -- Proof +reader, one who reads, and marks correction in, proofs. See def. 5, +above. + +Syn. -- Testimony; evidence; reason; argument; trial; demonstration. +See Testimony. + +Proof, a. + +1. Used in proving or testing; as, a proof load, or proof charge. + +2. Firm or successful in resisting; as, proof against harm; waterproof; +bombproof. + + I . . . have found thee Proof against all temptation. + + +Milton. + + This was a good, stout proof article of faith. + + +Burke. + +3. Being of a certain standard as to strength; -- said of alcoholic +liquors. + +Proof charge (Firearms), a charge of powder and ball, greater than the +service charge, fired in an arm, as a gun or cannon, to test its +strength. -- Proof impression. See under Impression. -- Proof load +(Engin.), the greatest load than can be applied to a piece, as a beam, +column, etc., without straining the piece beyond the elastic limit. -- +Proof sheet. See Proof, n., 5. - - Proof spirit (Chem.), a strong +distilled liquor, or mixture of alcohol and water, containing not less +than a standard amount of alcohol. In the United States "proof spirit +is defined by law to be that mixture of alcohol and water which +contains one half of its volume of alcohol, the alcohol when at a +temperature of 60∞ Fahrenheit being of specific gravity 0.7939 referred +to water at its maximum density as unity. Proof spirit has at 60∞ +Fahrenheit a specific gravity of 0.93353, 100 parts by volume of the +same consisting of 50 parts of absolute alcohol and 53.71 parts of +water," the apparent excess of water being due to contraction of the +liquids on mixture. In England proof spirit is defined by Act 58, +George III., to be such as shall at a temperature of 51∞ Fahrenheit +weigh exactly the part of an equal measure of distilled water. This +contains 49.3 per cent by weight, or 57.09 by volume, of alcohol. +Stronger spirits, as those of about 60, 70, and 80 per cent of alcohol, +are sometimes called second, third, and fourth proof spirits +respectively. -- Proof staff, a straight-edge used by millers to test +the flatness of a stone. -- Proof stick (Sugar Manuf.), a rod in the +side of a vacuum pan, for testing the consistency of the sirup. -- +Proof text, a passage of Scripture used to prove a doctrine. + +Proof`-arm" (?), v. t. To arm with proof armor; to arm securely; as, to +proof-arm herself. [R.] Beau. & Fl. + +Proof"less, a. Wanting sufficient evidence to induce belief; not +proved. Boyle. -- Proof"less*ly, adv. + +Proof"-proof`, a. Proof against proofs; obstinate in the wrong. "That +might have shown to any one who was not proof-proof." Whateley. + +||Pro*ˆs"tra*cum (?), n.; pl. Proˆstraca (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?; before +||+ &?; shell of a testacean.] (Zoˆl.) The anterior prolongation of the +||guard of the phragmocone of belemnites and allied fossil cephalopods, +||whether horny or calcareous. See Illust. of Phragmocone. + +Pro*ˆ"tic (?), a. [Pref. pro- + Gr. &?;, &?;, an ear.] (Anat.) In +front of the auditory capsule; -- applied especially to a bone, or +center of ossification, in the periotic capsule. -- n. A proˆtic bone. + +Prop (?), n. A shell, used as a die. See Props. + +Prop (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Propped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Propping.] +[Akin to LG. & D. proppen to cram, stuff, thrust into, stop, G. +pfropfen, Dan. proppe, Sw. proppa; of uncertain origin, cf. G. pfropfen +to graft, fr. L. propago set, layer of a plant, slip, shoot. Cf. 3d. +Prop, Propagate.] To support, or prevent from falling, by placing +something under or against; as, to prop up a fence or an old building; +(Fig.) to sustain; to maintain; as, to prop a declining state. Shak. + + Till the bright mountains prop the incumbent sky. + + +Pope. + + For being not propp'd by ancestry. + + +Shak. + + I prop myself upon those few supports that are left me. + + +Pope. + +Prop, n. [Akin to LG., D., & Dan. prop stopple, stopper, cork, Sw. +propp, G. pfropf. See Prop, v.] That which sustains an incumbent +weight; that on which anything rests or leans for support; a support; a +stay; as, a prop for a building. "Two props of virtue." Shak. + +{ Pro`pÊ*deu"tic (?), Pro`pÊ*deu"tic*al (?) }, a. [Gr. &?; to teach +beforehand; &?; before + &?; to bring up a child, to educate, teach, +fr. &?;, &?;, a child.] Of, pertaining to, or conveying, preliminary +instruction; introductory to any art or science; instructing +beforehand. + +Pro`pÊ*deu"tics (?), n. The preliminary learning connected with any art +or science; preparatory instruction. + +Prop"a*ga*ble (?), a. [See Propagate.] + +1. Capable of being propagated, or of being continued or multiplied by +natural generation or production. + +2. Capable of being spread or extended by any means; -- said of tenets, +doctrines, or principles. + +Prop`a*gan"da (?), n. [Abbrev. fr. L. de propaganda fide: cf. F. +propagande. See Propagate.] + +1. (R. C. Ch.) (a) A congregation of cardinals, established in 1622, +charged with the management of missions. (b) The college of the +Propaganda, instituted by Urban VIII. (1623-1644) to educate priests +for missions in all parts of the world. + +2. Hence, any organization or plan for spreading a particular doctrine +or a system of principles. + +Prop`a*gan"dism (?), n. [Cf. F. propagandisme.] The art or practice of +propagating tenets or principles; zeal in propagating one's opinions. + +Prop`a*gan"dist (?), n. [Cf. F. propagandiste.] A person who devotes +himself to the spread of any system of principles. "Political +propagandists." Walsh. + +Prop"a*gate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Propagated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Propagating.] [L. propagatus, p. p. of propagare to propagate, akin to +propages, propago, a layer of a plant, slip, shoot. See Pro-, and cf. +Pact, Prop, Prune, v. t.] + +1. To cause to continue or multiply by generation, or successive +production; -- applied to animals and plants; as, to propagate a breed +of horses or sheep; to propagate a species of fruit tree. + +2. To cause to spread to extend; to impel or continue forward in space; +as, to propagate sound or light. + +3. To spread from person to person; to extend the knowledge of; to +originate and spread; to carry from place to place; to disseminate; as, +to propagate a story or report; to propagate the Christian religion. + + The infection was propagated insensibly. + + +De Foe. + +4. To multiply; to increase. [Obs.] + + Griefs of mine own lie heavy in my breast, Which thou wilt + propagate. + + +Shak. + +5. To generate; to produce. + + Motion propagated motion, and life threw off life. + + +De Quincey. + +Syn. -- To multiply; continue; increase; spread; diffuse; disseminate; +promote. + +Prop"a*gate, v. i. To have young or issue; to be produced or multiplied +by generation, or by new shoots or plants; as, rabbits propagate +rapidly. + + No need that thou Should'st propagate, already infinite. + + +Milton. + +Prop`a*ga"tion (?), n. [L. propagatio: cf. F. propagation.] + +1. The act of propagating; continuance or multiplication of the kind by +generation or successive production; as, the propagation of animals or +plants. + + There is not in nature any spontaneous generation, but all come by + propagation. + + +Ray. + +2. The spreading abroad, or extension, of anything; diffusion; +dissemination; as, the propagation of sound; the propagation of the +gospel. Bacon. + +Prop"a*ga*tive (?), a. Producing by propagation, or by a process of +growth. + +Prop"a*ga`tor (?), n. [L.: cf. F. propagateur.] One who propagates; one +who continues or multiplies. + +||Pro*pag"u*lum (?), n.; pl. Propagula (#). [NL. See Propagate.] (Bot.) +||A runner terminated by a germinating bud. + +Pro"pane (?), n. [Propyl + methane.] (Chem.) A heavy gaseous +hydrocarbon, C3H8, of the paraffin series, occurring naturally +dissolved in crude petroleum, and also made artificially; -- called +also propyl hydride. + +Pro*par"gyl (?), n. [Propinyl + Gr. &?; silver + -yl. So called because +one hydrogen atom may be replaced by silver.] (Chem.) Same as Propinyl. + +Pro`par*ox"y*tone (?), n. [Gr. &?;. See Pro-, and Paroxytone.] (Gr. +Gram.) A word which has the acute accent on the antepenult. + +Pro"ped (?), n. [Pref. pro- + L. pes, pedis, foot.] (Zoˆl.) Same as +Proleg. + +Pro*pel" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Propelled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Propelling.] [L. propellere, propulsum; pro forward + pellere to drive. +See Pulse a beating.] To drive forward; to urge or press onward by +force; to move, or cause to move; as, the wind or steam propels ships; +balls are propelled by gunpowder. + +Pro*pel"ler (?), n. + +1. One who, or that which, propels. + +2. A contrivance for propelling a steam vessel, usually consisting of a +screw placed in the stern under water, and made to revolve by an +engine; a propeller wheel. + +3. A steamboat thus propelled; a screw steamer. + +Propeller wheel,the screw, usually having two or more blades, used in +propelling a vessel. + +Pro*pend" (?), v. i. [L. propendere, propensum; pro forward, forth + +pendere to hang. See Pendent.] To lean toward a thing; to be favorably +inclined or disposed; to incline; to tend. [R.] Shak. + + We shall propend to it, as a stone falleth down. + + +Barrow. + +Pro*pend"en*cy (?), n. 1. Propensity. [R.] + +2. Attentive deliberation. [R.] Sir M. Hale. + +Pro*pend"ent (?), a. [L. propendens, p. pr.] Inclining forward or +toward. South. + +Pro"pene (?), n. [Propyl + ethylene.] (Chem.) Same as Propylene. + +Pro*pense" (?), a. [L. propensus, p. p. See Propend.] Leaning toward, +in a moral sense; inclined; disposed; prone; as, women propense to +holiness. Hooker. -- Pro*pense"ly, adv. -- Pro*pense"ness, n. + +Pro*pen"sion (?), n. [L. propensio: cf. F. propension. See Propend, +Propense.] The quality or state of being propense; propensity. M. +Arnold. + + Your full consent Gave wings to my propension. + + +Shak. + +Pro*pen"si*ty (?), n.; pl. Propensities (&?;). The quality or state of +being propense; natural inclination; disposition to do good or evil; +bias; bent; tendency. "A propensity to utter blasphemy." Macaulay. + +Syn. -- Disposition; bias; inclination; proclivity; proneness; bent; +tendency. + +Pro"pe*nyl (?), n. [Propene + -yl.] (Chem.) A hypothetical hydrocarbon +radical, C3H5, isomeric with allyl and glyceryl, and regarded as the +essential residue of glycerin. Cf. Allyl, and Glyceryl. + +Pro*pep"sin (?), n. [Pref. pro- + pepsin.] (Physiol. Chem.) See +Persinogen. + +Pro*pep"tone (?), n. [Pref. pro- + peptone.] (Physiol. Chem.) A product +of gastric digestion intermediate between albumin and peptone, +identical with hemialbumose. + +Prop"er (?), a. [OE. propre, F. propre, fr. L. proprius. Cf. +Appropriate.] + +1. Belonging to one; one's own; individual. "His proper good" [i. e., +his own possessions]. Chaucer. "My proper son." Shak. + + Now learn the difference, at your proper cost, Betwixt true valor + and an empty boast. + + +Dryden. + +2. Belonging to the natural or essential constitution; peculiar; not +common; particular; as, every animal has his proper instincts and +appetites. + + Those high and peculiar attributes . . . which constitute our + proper humanity. + + +Coleridge. + +3. Befitting one's nature, qualities, etc.; suitable in all respect; +appropriate; right; fit; decent; as, water is the proper element for +fish; a proper dress. + + The proper study of mankind is man. + + +Pope. + + In Athens all was pleasure, mirth, and play, All proper to the + spring, and sprightly May. + + +Dryden. + +4. Becoming in appearance; well formed; handsome. [Archaic] "Thou art a +proper man." Chaucer. + + Moses . . . was hid three months of his parents, because they saw + he was a proper child. + + +Heb. xi. 23. + +5. Pertaining to one of a species, but not common to the whole; not +appellative; -- opposed to common; as, a proper name; Dublin is the +proper name of a city. + +6. Rightly so called; strictly considered; as, Greece proper; the +garden proper. + +7. (Her.) Represented in its natural color; -- said of any object used +as a charge. + +In proper, individually; privately. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor. -- Proper +flower or corolla (Bot.), one of the single florets, or corollets, in +an aggregate or compound flower. -- Proper fraction (Arith.) a fraction +in which the numerator is less than the denominator. -- Proper nectary +(Bot.), a nectary separate from the petals and other parts of the +flower. -- Proper noun (Gram.), a name belonging to an individual, by +which it is distinguished from others of the same class; -- opposed to +common noun; as, John, Boston, America. -- Proper perianth or involucre +(Bot.), that which incloses only a single flower. -- Proper receptacle +(Bot.), a receptacle which supports only a single flower or +fructification. + +Prop"er, adv. Properly; hence, to a great degree; very; as, proper +good. [Colloq & Vulgar] + +Prop"er*ate (?), v. t. & i. [L. properatus, p. p. of properare to +hasten.] To hasten, or press forward. [Obs.] + +Prop`er*a"tion (?), n. [L. properatio.] The act of hastening; haste. +[Obs.] T. Adams. + +Pro*per"i*spome (?), n. (Gr. Gram.) Properispomenon. + +||Pro*per`i*spom"e*non (?), n.; pl. Properispomena (#). [NL., fr. Gr. +||&?;, fr. &?; to circumflex on the penult; &?; before + &?; to +||circumflex. See Perispomenon.] (Gr. Gram.) A word which has the +||circumflex accent on the penult. + +Prop"er*ly (?), adv. + +1. In a proper manner; suitably; fitly; strictly; rightly; as, a word +properly applied; a dress properly adjusted. Milton. + +2. Individually; after one's own manner. [Obs.] + + Now, harkeneth, how I bare me properly. + + +Chaucer. + +Prop"er*ness, n. + +1. The quality of being proper. + +2. Tallness; comeliness. [Obs.] Udall. + +Prop"er*tied (?), a. Possessing property; holding real estate, or other +investments of money. "The propertied and satisfied classes." M. +Arnold. + +Prop"er*ty (?), n.; pl. Properties (#). [OE. proprete, OF. propretÈ +property, F. propretÈ neatness, cleanliness, propriÈtÈ property, fr. L. +proprietas. See Proper, a., and cf. Propriety.] + +1. That which is proper to anything; a peculiar quality of a thing; +that which is inherent in a subject, or naturally essential to it; an +attribute; as, sweetness is a property of sugar. + + Property is correctly a synonym for peculiar quality; but it is + frequently used as coextensive with quality in general. + + +Sir W. Hamilton. + +In physical science, the properties of matter are distinguished to the +three following classes: 1. Physical properties, or those which result +from the relations of bodies to the physical agents, light, heat, +electricity, gravitation, cohesion, adhesion, etc., and which are +exhibited without a change in the composition or kind of matter acted +on. They are color, luster, opacity, transparency, hardness, +sonorousness, density, crystalline form, solubility, capability of +osmotic diffusion, vaporization, boiling, fusion, etc. 2. Chemical +properties, or those which are conditioned by affinity and composition; +thus, combustion, explosion, and certain solutions are reactions +occasioned by chemical properties. Chemical properties are identical +when there is identity of composition and structure, and change +according as the composition changes. 3. Organoleptic properties, or +those forming a class which can not be included in either of the other +two divisions. They manifest themselves in the contact of substances +with the organs of taste, touch, and smell, or otherwise affect the +living organism, as in the manner of medicines and poisons. + +2. An acquired or artificial quality; that which is given by art, or +bestowed by man; as, the poem has the properties which constitute +excellence. + +3. The exclusive right of possessing, enjoying, and disposing of a +thing; ownership; title. + + Here I disclaim all my paternal care, Propinquity and property of + blood. + + +Shak. + + Shall man assume a property in man? + + +Wordsworth. + +<! p. 1149 !> + +4. That to which a person has a legal title, whether in his possession +or not; thing owned; an estate, whether in lands, goods, or money; as, +a man of large property, or small property. + +5. pl. All the adjuncts of a play except the scenery and the dresses of +the actors; stage requisites. + + I will draw a bill of properties. + + +Shak. + +6. Propriety; correctness. [Obs.] Camden. + +Literary property. (Law) See under Literary. -- Property man, one who +has charge of the "properties" of a theater. + +Prop"er*ty (?), v. t. + +1. To invest which properties, or qualities. [Obs.] Shak. + +2. To make a property of; to appropriate. [Obs.] + + They have here propertied me. + + +Shak. + +Pro*phane" (?), a. & v. t. See Profane. [Obs.] + +||Proph"a*sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; to show beforehand. See Pro-, +||and Phasis.] (Med.) Foreknowledge of a disease; prognosis. + +Proph"e*cy (?), n.; pl. Prophecies (#), [OE. prophecie, OF. profecie, +F. prophÈtie, L. prophetia, fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to be an interpreter +of the gods, to prophesy, fr. &?; prophet. See Prophet.] 1. A +declaration of something to come; a foretelling; a prediction; esp., an +inspired foretelling. + + He hearkens after prophecies and dreams. + + +Shak. + + Prophecy came not in old time by the will of man. + + +2. Pet. i. 21. + +2. (Script.) A book of prophecies; a history; as, the prophecy of +Ahijah. 2 Chron. ix. 29. + +3. Public interpretation of Scripture; preaching; exhortation or +instruction. + +Proph"e*si`er (?), n. A prophet. Shak. + +Proph"e*sy (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Prophesied (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Prophesying (?).] [See Prophecy.] 1. To foretell; to predict; to +prognosticate. + + He doth not prophesy good concerning me. + + +1 Kings xxii. 8. + + Then I perceive that will be verified Henry the Fifth did sometime + prophesy. + + +Shak. + +2. To foreshow; to herald; to prefigure. + + Methought thy very gait did prophesy A royal nobleness; I must + embrace thee. + + +Shak. + +Proph"e*sy, v. i. + +1. To utter predictions; to make declaration of events to come. Matt. +xv. 7. + +2. To give instruction in religious matters; to interpret or explain +Scripture or religious subjects; to preach; to exhort; to expound. +Ezek. xxxvii. 7. + +Proph"et (?), n. [F. prophËte, L. propheta, fr. Gr. &?;, literally, one +who speaks for another, especially, one who speaks for a god an +interprets his will to man, fr. &?; to say beforehand; &?; for, before ++ &?; to say or speak. See Fame. ] + +1. One who prophesies, or foretells events; a predicter; a foreteller. + +2. One inspired or instructed by God to speak in his name, or announce +future events, as, Moses, Elijah, etc. + +3. An interpreter; a spokesman. [R.] Ex. vii. 1. + +4. (Zoˆl.) A mantis. + +School of the prophets (Anc. Jewish Hist.), a school or college in +which young men were educated and trained for public teachers or +members of the prophetic order. These students were called sons of the +prophets. + +Proph"et*ess, n. [Cf. F. prophÈtesse, L. prophetissa.] A female +prophet. + +{ Pro*phet"ic (?), Pro*phet"ic*al (?) }, a. [L. propheticus, Gr. &?;: +cf. F. prophÈtique.] Containing, or pertaining to, prophecy; +foretelling events; as, prophetic writings; prophetic dreams; -- used +with of before the thing foretold. + + And fears are oft prophetic of the event. + + +Dryden. + +Pro*phet`ic*al"i*ty (?), n. Propheticalness. + +Pro*phet"ic*al*ly (?), adv. In a prophetical manner; by way of +prediction. + +Pro*phet"ic*al*ness, n. The quality or state of being prophetical; +power or capacity to foretell. + +Proph"et*ize (?), v. i. [L. prophetizare, Gr. &?;: cf. F. prophÈtiser. +Cf. Prophesy.] To give predictions; to foreshow events; to prophesy. +[R.] "Prophetizing dreams." Daniel. + +Pro*phor"ic (?), a. [Gr. &?;, fr. &?; utterance.] Enunciative. [R.] + +||Pro*phrag"ma (?), n.; pl. Prophragmata (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?; before +||+ &?;, &?;, fence, screen. ] (Zoˆl.) An internal dorsal chitinous +||process between the first two divisions of the thorax of insects. + +Proph`y*lac"tic (?), n. [Cf. F. prophylactique.] (Med.) A medicine +which preserves or defends against disease; a preventive. + +{ Proph`y*lac"tic (?), Proph`y*lac"tic*al (?) }, a. [Gr. &?;, fr. &?; +to guard against; &?; before + &?; to guard: cf. F. prophylactique.] +(Med.) Defending or preserving from disease; preventive. Coxe. + +||Proph`y*lax"is (?), n. [NL. See Prophylactic.] (Med.) The art of +||preserving from, or of preventing, disease; the observance of the +||rules necessary for the preservation of health; preservative or +||preventive treatment. + +Pro*pice" (?), a. [OE., fr. F. propice, See Propitious.] Fit; +propitious. [Obs.] E. Hall. + +Pro"pi*dene (?), n. [Propyl + ethylidene.] (Chem.) The unsymmetrical +hypothetical hydrocarbon radical, CH3.CH2.CH, analogous to ethylidene, +and regarded as the type of certain derivatives of propane; -- called +also propylidene. + +Prop`i*na"tion (?), n. [L. propinatio. See Propine.] The act of +pledging, or drinking first, and then offering the cup to another. +[Obs.] Abp. Potter. + +Pro*pine" (?), v. t. [L. propinare, Gr. &?;; &?; before + &?; to +drink.] + +1. To pledge; to offer as a toast or a health in the manner of +drinking, that is, by drinking first and passing the cup. [Obs.] + + The lovely sorceress mixed, and to the prince Health, peace, and + joy propined. + + +C. Smart. + +2. Hence, to give in token of friendship. [Obs.] + +3. To give, or deliver; to subject. [Obs.] Fotherby. + +Pro*pine" (?), n. + +1. A pledge. [Obs. or Scot.] + +2. A gift; esp., drink money. [Obs or Scot.] + +Pro"pine (?), n. [Propyl + ethine.] (Chem.) Same as Allylene. + +Pro*pin"qui*ty (?), n. [L. propinquitas, from propinquus near, +neighboring, from prope near.] + +1. Nearness in place; neighborhood; proximity. + +2. Nearness in time. Sir T. Browne. + +3. Nearness of blood; kindred; affinity. Shak. + +Pro"pi*nyl (?), n. [Propine + -yl.] (Chem.) A hydrocarbon radical +regarded as an essential residue of propine and allied compounds. + +Pro"pi*o*late (?), n. A salt of propiolic acid. + +Pro`pi*ol"ic (?), a. [Propionic + tetrolic.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or +designating, an organic acid (called also propargylic acid) of the +acetylene or tetrolic series, analogous to propionic acid, and obtained +as a white crystalline substance. + +Pro"pi*o*nate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of propionic acid. + +Pro"pi*one (?), n. (Chem.) The ketone of propionic acid, obtained as a +colorless fragrant liquid. + +Pro`pi*on"ic (?), a. [Proto- + Gr. pi`wn fat.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, +derived from, or designating, an organic acid which is produced in the +distillation of wood, in the fermentation of various organic +substances, as glycerin, calcium lactate, etc., and is obtained as a +colorless liquid having a sharp, pungent odor. Propionic acid is so +called because it is the first or lowest member of the fatty acid +series whose salts have a fatty feel. + +Pro"pi*o*nyl (?), n. (Chem.) The hypothetical radical C3H5O, regarded +as the essential residue of propionic acid and certain related +compounds. + +||Prop`i*the"cus (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; before, for + &?; ape.] +||(Zoˆl.) A genus including the long-tailed, or diadem, indris. See +||Indris. + +Pro*pi"ti*a*ble (?), a. [L. propitiabilis.] Capable of being +propitiated. + +Pro*pi"ti*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Propitiated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Propitiating.] [L. propitiatus, p. p. of propitiare to propitiate, fr. +propitius favorable. See Propitious.] To appease to render favorable; +to make propitious; to conciliate. + + Let fierce Achilles, dreadful in his rage, The god propitiate, and + the pest assuage. + + +Pope. + +Pro*pi"ti*ate, v. i. To make propitiation; to atone. + +Pro*pi`ti*a"tion (?), n. [L. propitiatio: cf. F. propitiation.] + +1. The act of appeasing the wrath and conciliating the favor of an +offended person; the act of making propitious. + +2. (Theol.) That which propitiates; atonement or atoning sacrifice; +specifically, the influence or effects of the death of Christ in +appeasing the divine justice, and conciliating the divine favor. + + He [Jesus Christ] is the propitiation for our sins. + + +1 John ii. 2. + +Pro*pi"ti*a`tor (?), n. [L.] One who propitiates or appeases. + +Pro*pi"ti*a*to*ri*ly (?), adv. By way of propitiation. + +Pro*pi"ti*a*to*ry (?), a. [L. propitiatorius: cf. F. propitiatoire.] +Having the power to make propitious; pertaining to, or employed in, +propitiation; expiatory; as, a propitiatory sacrifice. Sharp. + +Pro*pi"ti*a*to*ry, n. [L. propitiatorium.] (Jewish Antiq.) The mercy +seat; -- so called because a symbol of the propitiated Jehovah. Bp. +Pearson. + +Pro*pi"tious (?), a. [L. propitius, perhaps originally a term of augury +meaning, flying forward (pro) or well; cf. Skr. pat to fly, E. +petition, feather.] + +1. Convenient; auspicious; favorable; kind; as, a propitious season; a +propitious breeze. + +2. Hence, kind; gracious; merciful; helpful; - - said of a person or a +divinity. Milton. + + And now t' assuage the force of this new flame, And make thee + [Love] more propitious in my need. + + +Spenser. + +Syn. -- Auspicious; favorable; kind. -- Propitious, Auspicious. +Auspicious (from the ancient idea of auspices, or omens) denotes +"indicative of success," or "favored by incidental occurrences;" as, an +auspicious opening; an auspicious event. Propitious denotes that which +efficaciously protect us in some undertaking, speeds our exertions, and +decides our success; as, propitious gales; propitious influences. + +-- Pro*pi"tious*ly, adv. -- Pro*pi"tious*ness, n. + +Pro"plasm (?), n. [L. proplasma, Gr. &?;; &?; before + &?; a thing +formed, fr. &?; to mold.] A mold; a matrix. [R.] Woodward. + +Pro*plas"tic (?), a. Forming a mold. + +Pro*plas"tics (?), n. The art of making molds for castings. [R.] + +Prop"leg` (?), n. [So called because it props up or supports the body.] +(Zoˆl.) Same as Proleg. + +Pro*po"di*al (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the propodialia, or +the parts of the limbs to which they belong. + +||Pro*po`di*a"le (?), n.; pl. Propodialia. (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?; +||before + &?;, dim. of &?;, &?;, foot.] (Anat.) The bone of either the +||upper arm or the thing, the propodialia being the humerus and femur. + +Prop"o*dite (?), n. [Pref. pro- + Gr. &?;, &?;, foot.] (Zoˆl.) The +sixth joint of a typical leg of a crustacean; usually, the penultimate +joint. + +||Pro*po"di*um (?), n.; pl. Propodia (#). [NL. See Propodiale.] (Zoˆl.) +||(a) The anterior portion of the foot of a mollusk. (b) The segment +||which forms the posterior part of the thorax of a hymenopterous +||insect. [Written also propodeum.] + +Pro"po*lis (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?;; &?; before + &?; city.] Same as +Bee glue, under Bee. + +Pro*pone" (?), v. t. [L. proponere to propose. See Propound.] To +propose; to bring forward. + +Pro*po"nent (?), a. [L. proponens, p. pr.] Making proposals; proposing. + +Pro*po"nent, n. + +1. One who makes a proposal, or lays down a proposition. Dryden. + +2. (Law) The propounder of a thing. + +Pro*por"tion (?), n. [F., fr. L. proportio; pro before + portio part or +share. See Portion.] + +1. The relation or adaptation of one portion to another, or to the +whole, as respect magnitude, quantity, or degree; comparative relation; +ratio; as, the proportion of the parts of a building, or of the body. + + The image of Christ, made after his own proportion. + + +Ridley. + + Formed in the best proportions of her sex. + + +Sir W. Scott. + + Documents are authentic and facts are true precisely in proportion + to the support which they afford to his theory. + + +Macaulay. + +2. Harmonic relation between parts, or between different things of the +same kind; symmetrical arrangement or adjustment; symmetry; as, to be +out of proportion. "Let us prophesy according to the proportion of +faith." Rom. xii. 6. + +3. The portion one receives when a whole is distributed by a rule or +principle; equal or proper share; lot. + + Let the women . . . do the same things in their proportions and + capacities. + + +Jer. Taylor. + +4. A part considered comparatively; a share. + +5. (Math.) (a) The equality or similarity of ratios, especially of +geometrical ratios; or a relation among quantities such that the +quotient of the first divided by the second is equal to that of the +third divided by the fourth; -- called also geometrical proportion, in +distinction from arithmetical proportion, or that in which the +difference of the first and second is equal to the difference of the +third and fourth. + +Proportion in the mathematical sense differs from ratio. Ratio is the +relation of two quantities of the same kind, as the ratio of 5 to 10, +or the ratio of 8 to 16. Proportion is the sameness or likeness of two +such relations. Thus, 5 to 10 as 8 to 16; that is, 5 bears the same +relation to 10 as 8 does to 16. Hence, such numbers are said to be in +proportion. Proportion is expressed by symbols thus: + +a:b::c:d, or a:b = c:d, or a/b = c/d. + +(b) The rule of three, in arithmetic, in which the three given terms, +together with the one sought, are proportional. + +Continued proportion, Inverse proportion, etc. See under Continued, +Inverse, etc. -- Harmonical, or Musical, proportion, a relation of +three or four quantities, such that the first is to the last as the +difference between the first two is to the difference between the last +two; thus, 2, 3, 6, are in harmonical proportion; for 2 is to 6 as 1 to +3. Thus, 24, 16, 12, 9, are harmonical, for 24:9::8:3. -- In +proportion, according as; to the degree that. "In proportion as they +are metaphysically true, they are morally and politically false." +Burke. + +Pro*por"tion, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Proportioned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Proportioning.] [Cf. F. proportionner. Cf. Proportionate, v.] 1. To +adjust in a suitable proportion, as one thing or one part to another; +as, to proportion the size of a building to its height; to proportion +our expenditures to our income. + + In the loss of an object we do not proportion our grief to the real + value . . . but to the value our fancies set upon it. + + +Addison. + +2. To form with symmetry or suitableness, as the parts of the body. + + Nature had proportioned her without any fault. + + +Sir P. Sidney. + +3. To divide into equal or just shares; to apportion. + +Pro*por"tion*a*ble (?), a. Capable of being proportioned, or made +proportional; also, proportional; proportionate. -- +Pro*por"tion*a*ble*ness, n. + + But eloquence may exist without a proportionable degree of wisdom. + + +Burke. + + Proportionable, which is no longer much favored, was of our [i. e., + English writers'] own coining. + + +Fitzed. Hall. + +Pro*por"tion*a*bly, adv. Proportionally. Locke. + +Pro*por"tion*al (?), a. [L. proportionalis: cf. F. proportionnel.] 1. +Having a due proportion, or comparative relation; being in suitable +proportion or degree; as, the parts of an edifice are proportional. +Milton. + +2. Relating to, or securing, proportion. Hutton. + +3. (Math.) Constituting a proportion; having the same, or a constant, +ratio; as, proportional quantities; momentum is proportional to +quantity of matter. + +Proportional logarithms, logistic logarithms. See under Logistic. -- +Proportional scale, a scale on which are marked parts proportional to +the logarithms of the natural numbers; a logarithmic scale. -- +Proportional scales, compasses, dividers, etc. (Draughting), +instruments used in making copies of drawings, or drawings of objects, +on an enlarged or reduced scale. + +Pro*por"tion*al, n. 1. (Math.) Any number or quantity in a proportion; +as, a mean proportional. + +2. (Chem.) The combining weight or equivalent of an element. [Obs.] + +Pro*por`tion*al"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. proportionnalitÈ.] The state of +being in proportion. Coleridge. + +Pro*por"tion*al*ly (?), adv. In proportion; in due degree; adapted +relatively; as, all parts of the building are proportionally large. Sir +I. Newton. + +Pro*por"tion*ate (?), a. [L. proportionatus. See Proportion.] Adjusted +to something else according to a proportion; proportional. Longfellow. + + What is proportionate to his transgression. + + +Locke. + +Pro*por"tion*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Proportionated (?); p. pr. & +vb. n. Proportionating.] [Cf. Proportion, v.] To make proportional; to +adjust according to a settled rate, or to due comparative relation; to +proportion; as, to proportionate punishment to crimes. + +Pro*por"tion*ate*ly (&?;), adv. In a proportionate manner; with due +proportion; proportionally. + +Pro*por"tion*ate*ness, n. The quality or state of being proportionate. +Sir M. Hale. + +<! p. 1150 !> + +Pro*por"tion*less (?), a. Without proportion; unsymmetrical. + +Pro*por"tion*ment (?), n. The act or process of dividing out +proportionally. + +Pro*pos"al (?), n. [From Propose.] 1. That which is proposed, or +propounded for consideration or acceptance; a scheme or design; terms +or conditions proposed; offer; as, to make proposals for a treaty of +peace; to offer proposals for erecting a building; to make proposals of +marriage. "To put forth proposals for a book." Macaulay. + +2. (Law) The offer by a party of what he has in view as to an intended +business transaction, which, with acceptance, constitutes a contract. + +Syn. -- Proffer; tender; overture. See Proposition. + +Pro*pose" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Proposed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Proposing.] [F. proposer; pref. pro- (L. pro for, forward) + poser to +place. See Pose, v.] 1. To set forth. [Obs.] + + That being proposed brimfull of wine, one scarce could lift it up. + + +Chapman. + +2. To offer for consideration, discussion, acceptance, or adoption; as, +to propose terms of peace; to propose a question for discussion; to +propose an alliance; to propose a person for office. + +3. To set before one's self or others as a purpose formed; hence, to +purpose; to intend. + + I propose to relate, in several volumes, the history of the people + of New England. + + +Palfrey. + +To propose to one's self, to intend; to design. + +Pro*pose", v. i. 1. To speak; to converse. [Obs.] + + There shalt thou find my cousin Beatrice, Proposing with the prince + and Claudio. + + +Shak. + +2. To form or declare a purpose or intention; to lay a scheme; to +design; as, man proposes, but God disposes. + +3. To offer one's self in marriage. + +Pro*pose", n. [F. propos, L. propositum. See Propound, Purpose, n.] +Talk; discourse. [Obs.] Shak. + +Pro*pos"er (?), n. 1. One who proposes or offers anything for +consideration or adoption. + +2. A speaker; an orator. [Obs.] Shak. + +Prop`o*si"tion (?), n. [L. propositio: cf. F. proposition. See +Propound.] 1. The act of setting or placing before; the act of +offering. "Oblations for the altar of proposition." Jer. Taylor. + +2. That which is proposed; that which is offered, as for consideration, +acceptance, or adoption; a proposal; as, the enemy made propositions of +peace; his proposition was not accepted. + +3. A statement of religious doctrine; an article of faith; creed; as, +the propositions of Wyclif and Huss. + + Some persons . . . change their propositions according as their + temporal necessities or advantages do turn. + + +Jer. Taylor. + +4. (Gram. & Logic) A complete sentence, or part of a sentence +consisting of a subject and predicate united by a copula; a thought +expressed or propounded in language; a from of speech in which a +predicate is affirmed or denied of a subject; as, snow is white. + +5. (Math.) A statement in terms of a truth to be demonstrated, or of an +operation to be performed. + +It is called a theorem when it is something to be proved, and a problem +when it is something to be done. + +6. (Rhet.) That which is offered or affirmed as the subject of the +discourse; anything stated or affirmed for discussion or illustration. + +7. (Poetry) The part of a poem in which the author states the subject +or matter of it. + +Leaves of proposition (Jewish Antiq.), the showbread. Wyclif (Luke vi. +4). + +Syn. -- Proposal; offer; statement; declaration. -- Proposition, +Proposal. These words are both from the Latin verb proponere, to set +forth, and as here compared they mark different forms or stages of a +negotiation. A proposition is something presented for discussion or +consideration; as, propositions of peace. A proposal is some definite +thing offered by one party to be accepted or rejected by the other. If +the proposition is favorably received, it is usually followed by +proposals which complete the arrangement. + +Prop`o*si"tion*al (?), a. Pertaining to, or in the nature of, a +proposition; considered as a proposition; as, a propositional sense. I. +Watts. + +Pro*pound" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Propounded; p. pr. & vb. n. +Propounding.] [From earlier propone, L. proponere, propositum, to set +forth, propose, propound; pro for, before + ponere to put. See +Position, and cf. Provost.] 1. To offer for consideration; to exhibit; +to propose; as, to propound a question; to propound an argument. Shak. + + And darest thou to the Son of God propound To worship thee, + accursed? + + +Milton. + + It is strange folly to set ourselves no mark, to propound no end, + in the hearing of the gospel. + + +Coleridge. + +2. (Eccl.) To propose or name as a candidate for admission to communion +with a church. + +Pro*pound"er (?), n. One who propounds, proposes, or offers for +consideration. Chillingworth. + +Pro*pre"tor (?), n. [L. propraetor; pro for, before + praetor a +pretor.] (Rom. Antiq.) A magistrate who, having been pretor at home, +was appointed to the government of a province. [Written also +proprÊtor.] + +Pro*pri"e*ta*ry (?), n.; pl. Proprietaries (#). [L. proprietarius: cf. +F. propriÈtaire. See Propriety, and cf. Proprietor.] 1. A proprietor or +owner; one who has exclusive title to a thing; one who possesses, or +holds the title to, a thing in his own right. Fuller. + +2. A body proprietors, taken collectively. + +3. (Eccl.) A monk who had reserved goods and effects to himself, +notwithstanding his renunciation of all at the time of profession. + +Pro*pri"e*ta*ry, a. [L. proprietarius.] Belonging, or pertaining, to a +proprietor; considered as property; owned; as, proprietary medicine. + +Proprietary articles, manufactured articles which some person or +persons have exclusive right to make and sell. U. S. Statutes. + +Pro*pri"e*tor (?), n. [For older proprietary: cf. F. propriÈtarie.] One +who has the legal right or exclusive title to anything, whether in +possession or not; an owner; as, the proprietor of farm or of a mill. + +Pro*pri`e*to"ri*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to ownership; proprietary; +as, proprietorial rights. + +Pro*pri"e*tor*ship (?), n. The state of being proprietor; ownership. + +Pro*pri"e*tress (?), n. A female proprietor. + +Pro*pri"e*ty (?), n.; pl. Proprieties (#). [F. propriÈtÈ, L. +proprietas, fr. proprius one's own, proper. See Property, Proper.] 1. +Individual right to hold property; ownership by personal title; +property. [Obs.] "Onles this propriety be exiled." Robynson (More's +Utopia). + + So are the proprieties of a wife to be disposed of by her lord, and + yet all are for her provisions, it being a part of his need to + refresh and supply hers. + + +Jer. Taylor. + +2. That which is proper or peculiar; an inherent property or quality; +peculiarity. [Obs.] Bacon. + + We find no mention hereof in ancient zoˆgraphers, . . . who seldom + forget proprieties of such a nature. + + +Sir T. Browne. + +3. The quality or state of being proper; suitableness to an +acknowledged or correct standard or rule; consonance with established +principles, rules, or customs; fitness; appropriateness; as, propriety +of behavior, language, manners, etc. "The rule of propriety," Locke. + +Pro*proc"tor (?), n. [Pref. pro- + proctor.] [Eng. Univ.] A assistant +proctor. Hook. + +Props (?), n. pl. A game of chance, in which four sea shells, each +called a prop, are used instead of dice. + +||Prop`te*ryg"i*um (?), n.; pl. Propterygia (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?; +||before + &?; a fin.] (Anat.) The anterior of three principal +||cartilages in the fins of some fishes. -- Prop`ter*yg"i*al (#), a. + +Pro*pugn" (?), v. t. [L. propugnare; pro for + pugnare to fight.] To +contend for; to defend; to vindicate. [Obs.] Hammond. + +Pro*pug"na*cle (?), n. [L. propugnaculum.] A fortress. [Obs.] Howell. + +Pro`pug*na"tion (?), n. [L. propugnatio.] Means of defense; defense. +[Obs.] Shak. + +Pro*pugn"er (?), n. A defender; a vindicator. "Zealous propugners." +Gov. of Tongue. + +Pro`pul*sa"tion (?), n. [L. propulsatio. See Propulse.] The act of +driving away or repelling; a keeping at a distance. [Obs.] Bp. Hall. + +Pro*pulse" (?), v. t. [L. propulsare, v. intens. from propellere to +propel. See Propel.] To repel; to drive off or away. [Obs.] Cotgrave. + +Pro*pul"sion (?), n. [Cf. F. propulsion. See Propel.] 1. The act +driving forward or away; the act or process of propelling; as, steam +propulsion. + +2. An impelling act or movement. + + God works in all things; all obey His first propulsion. + + +Whittier. + +Pro*pul"sive (?), a. Tending, or having power, to propel; driving on; +urging. "[The] propulsive movement of the verse." Coleridge. + +Pro*pul"so*ry (?), a. Propulsive. + +Pro"pyl (?), n. [Propionic + - yl.] (Chem.) The hypothetical radical +C3H7, regarded as the essential residue of propane and related +compounds. + +||Prop`y*lÊ"um (?), n.; pl. PropylÊa (#). [L., fr. Gr. &?;; &?; before +||+ &?; a gate.] (Anc. Classical Arch.) Any court or vestibule before a +||building or leading into any inclosure. + +Pro"pyl*ene (?), n. [Cf. F. propylËne.] (Chem.) A colorless gaseous +hydrocarbon (C3H6) of the ethylene series, having a garlic odor. It +occurs in coal gas, and is produced artificially in various ways. +Called also propene. + +Pro*pyl"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, derived from, or containing, +propyl; as, propylic alcohol. + +Pro*pyl"i*dene (?), n. (Chem.) See Propidene. + +||Prop"y*lon, n.; pl. Propyla (#). [NL., from Gr. &?;; &?; before + &?; +||a gate.] (Anc. Arch.) The porch, vestibule, or entrance of an +||edifice. + +||Pro` ra"ta (?). [L.] In proportion; proportionately; according to the +||share, interest, or liability of each. + +Pro*rat"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being prorated, or divided +proportionately. [U.S.] + +Pro*rate" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Prorated; p. pr. & vb. n. +Prorating.] [From L. pro rata (sc. parte) according to a certain part, +in proportion.] To divide or distribute proportionally; to assess pro +rata. [U.S.] + +Prore (?), n. [L. prora, Gr. &?;: cf. It. & Sp. prora. See Prow, n.] +The prow or fore part of a ship. [Poetic] "Galleys with vermilion +prores." Pope. + +Pro*rec"tor (?), n. [NL. See Pro- , and Rector.] An officer who +presides over the academic senate of a German university. Heyse. + +Pro*rec"tor*ate (?), n. The office of prorector. + +Pro*re"nal (?), a. [Pref. pro- + renal.] (Anat.) Pronephric. + +Pro*rep"tion (?), n. [L. prorepere, proreptum, to creep forth; pro + +repere.] A creeping on. + +Pro*rhi"nal (?), a. [Pref. pro- + rhinal.] (Anat.) Situated in front of +the nasal chambers. + +Pro"ro*gate (?), v. t. To prorogue. [R.] + +Pro`ro*ga"tion (?), n. [L. prorogatio: cf. F. prorogation.] 1. The act +of counting in duration; prolongation. [Obs.] South. + +2. The act of proroguing; the ending of the session of Parliament, and +postponing of its business, by the command of the sovereign. [Eng.] + +After an adjournment all things continue as they were at the +adjournment; whereas, after a prorogation, bill introduced and nut +passed are as if they had never been begun at all. Mozley & W. + +Pro*rogue" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Prorogued (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Proroguing (?).] [F. proroger, L. prorogare, prorogatum; pro forward + +rogare to ask, to ask one for his opinion or vote, or about a law. See +Rogation.] 1. To protract; to prolong; to extend. [Obs.] + + He prorogued his government. + + +Dryden. + +2. To defer; to delay; to postpone; as, to proroguedeath; to prorogue a +marriage. Shak. + +3. To end the session of a parliament by an order of the sovereign, +thus deferring its business. + + Parliament was prorogued to [meet at] Westminster. + + +Bp. Hall. + + The Parliament was again prorogued to a distant day. + + +Macaulay. + +Syn. -- To adjourn; postpone; defer. See Adjourn. + +Pro*rup"tion (?), n. [L. proruptio, fr. prorumpere, proruptum, to break +forth; pro forth + rumpere to break.] The act or state of bursting +forth; a bursting out. [R.] Sir T. Browne. + +{ Pro*sa"ic (?), Pro*sa"ic*al (?), } a. [L. prosaius, from prosa prose: +cf. F,. prosaÔque. See Prose.] 1. Of or pertaining to prose; resembling +prose; in the form of prose; unpoetical; writing or using prose; as, a +prosaic composition. Cudworth. + +2. Dull; uninteresting; commonplace; unimaginative; prosy; as, a +prosaic person. Ed. Rev. + +-- Pro*sa"ic*al*ly, adv. -- Pro*sa"ic*al*ness, n. + +Pro*sa"i*cism (?), n. The quality or state of being prosaic; a prosaic +manner or style. [R.] Poe. + +Pro"sa*ism (?), n. That which is in the form of prose writing; a +prosaic manner. Coleridge. + +Pro"sa*ist (?; 277), n. A writer of prose; an unpoetical writer. "An +estimable prosaist." I. Taylor. + +Pro"sal (?), a. Of or pertaining to prose; prosaic. [R.] Sir T. Browne. + +Pro*sce"ni*um (?), n.; pl. Proscenia (#). [L., fr. Gr. &?;; &?; before ++ &?; a tent, a wooden stage, the stage. See Scene.] 1. (Anc. Theater) +The part where the actors performed; the stage. + +2. (Modern Theater) The part of the stage in front of the curtain; +sometimes, the curtain and its framework. + +||Pro*sco"lex (?), n.; pl. Proscolices (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?; before + +||&?;, &?;, a worm.] (Zoˆl.) An early larval form of a trematode worm; +||a redia. See Redia. + +Pro*scribe" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Proscribed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Proscribing.] [L. proscribere, proscriptum, to write before, to +publish, proscribe; pro before + scribere to write. See Scribe. The +sense of this word originated in the Roman practice of writing the +names of persons doomed to death, and posting the list in public.] 1. +To doom to destruction; to put out of the protection of law; to outlaw; +to exile; as, Sylla and Marius proscribed each other's adherents. + + Robert Vere, Earl of Oxford, . . . was banished the realm, and + proscribed. + + +Spenser. + +2. To denounce and condemn; to interdict; to prohibit; as, the Puritans +proscribed theaters. + + The Arian doctrines were proscribed and anathematized in the famous + Council of Nice. + + +Waterland. + +Pro*scrib"er (?), n. One who, or that which, proscribes, denounces, or +prohibits. + +Pro"script (?), n. [See Proscribe.] 1. A proscription; a prohibition; +an interdict. [R.] + +2. One who is proscribed. [R.] + +Pro*scrip"tion (?), n. [L. proscriptio: cf. F. proscription.] 1. The +act of proscribing; a dooming to death or exile; outlawry; +specifically, among the ancient Romans, the public offer of a reward +for the head of a political enemy; as, under the triumvirate, many of +the best Roman citizens fell by proscription. + + Every victory by either party had been followed by a sanguinary + proscription. + + +Macaulay. + +2. The state of being proscribed; denunciation; interdiction; +prohibition. Macaulay. + +Pro*scrip"tion*al (?), a. Proscriptive. + +Pro*scrip"tion*ist, n. One who proscribes. + +Pro*scrip"tive (?), a. Of or pertaining to proscription; consisting in, +or of the nature of, proscription; proscribing. Burke. -- +Pro*scrip"tive*ly, adv. + +Prose (?), n. [F. prose, L. prosa, fr. prorsus, prosus, straight +forward, straight on, for proversus; pro forward + versus, p. p. of +vertere to turn. See Verse.] 1. The ordinary language of men in +speaking or writing; language not cast in poetical measure or rhythm; +-- contradistinguished from verse, or metrical composition. + + I speak in prose, and let him rymes make. + + +Chaucer. + + Things unattempted yet in prose or rhyme. + + +Milton. + + I wish our clever young poets would remember my homely definitions + of prose and poetry, that is; prose -- words in their best order; + poetry -- the best order. + + +Coleridge. + +2. Hence, language which evinces little imagination or animation; dull +and commonplace discourse. + +3. (R. C. Ch.) A hymn with no regular meter, sometimes introduced into +the Mass. See Sequence. + +Prose, a. 1. Pertaining to, or composed of, prose; not in verse; as, +prose composition. + +2. Possessing or exhibiting unpoetical characteristics; plain; dull; +prosaic; as, the prose duties of life. + +Prose, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Prosed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Prosing.] 1. To +write in prose. + +2. To write or repeat in a dull, tedious, or prosy way. + +Prose, v. i. 1. To write prose. + + Prosing or versing, but chiefly this latter. + + +Milton. + +Pro*sec"tor (?), n. [L., an anatomist, from prosecare to cut up; pro +before + secare to cut.] One who makes dissections for anatomical +illustration; usually, the assistant of a professional anatomist. + +Pros"e*cu`ta*ble (?), a. Capable of being prosecuted; liable to +prosecution. + +<! p. 1151 !> + +Pros"e*cute (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Prosecuted (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Prosecuting.] [L. prosecutus, p. p. of prosequi to follow, pursue. See +Pursue.] + +1. To follow or pursue with a view to reach, execute, or accomplish; to +endeavor to obtain or complete; to carry on; to continue; as, to +prosecute a scheme, hope, or claim. + + I am beloved Hermia; Why should not I, then, prosecute my right ? + + +Shak. + +2. To seek to obtain by legal process; as, to prosecute a right or a +claim in a court of law. + +3. (Law) To pursue with the intention of punishing; to accuse of some +crime or breach of law, or to pursue for redress or punishment, before +a legal tribunal; to proceed against judicially; as, to prosecute a man +for trespass, or for a riot. + + To acquit themselves and prosecute their foes. + + +Milton. + +Pros"e*cute, v. i. 1. To follow after. [Obs.] Latimer. + +2. (Law) To institute and carry on a legal prosecution; as, to +prosecute for public offenses. Blackstone. + +Pros`e*cu"tion (?), n. [L. prosecutio a following.] 1. The act or +process of prosecuting, or of endeavoring to gain or accomplish +something; pursuit by efforts of body or mind; as, the prosecution of a +scheme, plan, design, or undertaking; the prosecution of war. + + Keeping a sharp eye on her domestics . . . in prosecution of their + various duties. + + +Sir W. Scott. + +2. (Law) (a) The institution and carrying on of a suit in a court of +law or equity, to obtain some right, or to redress and punish some +wrong; the carrying on of a judicial proceeding in behalf of a +complaining party, as distinguished from defense. (b) The institution, +or commencement, and continuance of a criminal suit; the process of +exhibiting formal charges against an offender before a legal tribunal, +and pursuing them to final judgment on behalf of the state or +government, as by indictment or information. (c) The party by whom +criminal proceedings are instituted. Blackstone. Burrill. Mozley & W. + +Pros"e*cu`tor (?), n. [Cf. L. prosecutor an attendant.] 1. One who +prosecutes or carries on any purpose, plan, or business. + +2. (Law) The person who institutes and carries on a criminal suit +against another in the name of the government. Blackstone. + +Pros"e*cu`trix (?), n. [NL.] A female prosecutor. + +Pros"e*lyte (?), n. [OE. proselite, OF. proselite, F. proselytus, Gr. +&?;, adj., that has come, n., a new comer, especially, one who has come +over from heathenism to the Jewish religion; &?; toward, to + (prob.) +the root of &?; to come.] A new convert especially a convert to some +religion or religious sect, or to some particular opinion, system, or +party; thus, a Gentile converted to Judaism, or a pagan converted to +Christianity, is a proselyte. + + Ye [Scribes and Pharisees] compass sea and land to make one + proselyte. + + +Matt. xxiii. 15. + + Fresh confidence the speculatist takes From every harebrained + proselyte he makes. + + +Cowper. + +Syn. -- See Convert. + +Pros"e*lyte, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Proselyted (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Proselyting.] To convert to some religion, opinion, or system; to bring +over. Dr. H. More. + +Pros"e*ly*tism (?), n. [Cf. F. prosÈlytisme.] 1. The act or practice of +proselyting; the making of converts to a religion or a religious sect, +or to any opinion, system, or party. + + They were possessed of a spirit of proselytism in the most + fanatical degree. + + +Burke. + +2. Conversion to a religion, system, or party. + +Pros"e*ly*tize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. proselytized (?); p. pr. & vb. +n. Proselytizing (?).] To convert to some religion, system, opinion, or +the like; to bring, or cause to come, over; to proselyte. + + One of those whom they endeavor to proselytize. + + +Burke. + +Pros"e*ly*tize, v. i. To make converts or proselytes. + +Pros"e*ly*ti`zer, n. One who proselytes. + +Prose"man (?), n. A writer of prose. [R.] + +Pro*sem"i*na*ry (?), n. A seminary which prepares pupils for a higher +institution. T. Warton. + +Pro*sem`i*na"tion (?), n. [L. proseminare, proseminatum, to +disseminate.] Propagation by seed. [Obs.] Sir M. Hale. + +Pros*en`ce*phal"ic (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the +prosencephalon. + +Pros`en*ceph"a*lon (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; toward, near to + E. +encephalon.] [Sometimes abbreviated to proen.] (Anat.) (a) The anterior +segment of the brain, including the cerebrum and olfactory lobes; the +forebrain. (b) The cerebrum. Huxley. + +Pros*en"chy*ma (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; near + -enchyma, as in +parenchyma.] (Bot.) A general term applied to the tissues formed of +elongated cells, especially those with pointed or oblique extremities, +as the principal cells of ordinary wood. + +Pros"er (?), n. 1. A writer of prose. [Obs.] + +2. One who talks or writes tediously. Sir W. Scott. + +Pro*sil"i*en*cy (?), n. [L. prosilere to leap forth.] The act of +leaping forth or forward; projection. "Such prosiliency of relief." +Coleridge. + +Pros"i*ly (?), adv. In a prosy manner. + +Pros`i*met"ric*al (?), a. [Prose + metrical.] Consisting both of prose +and verse. Clarke. + +||Pro*sim"i*Ê (?), n. pl. [NL. See Pro-. and Simia.] (Zoˆl.) Same as +||Lemuroidea. + +Pros"i*ness (?), n. The quality or state of being prosy; tediousness; +tiresomeness. + +Pros"ing, n. Writing prose; speaking or writing in a tedious or prosy +manner. Sir W. Scott. + +Pros"ing*ly, adv. Prosily. + +Pro*si"phon (?), n. [Pref. pro- for + siphon.] (Zoˆl.) A minute tube +found in the protoconch of ammonites, and not connected with the true +siphon. + +Pro*slav"er*y (?), a. [Pref. pro- + slavery.] Favoring slavery. -- n. +Advocacy of slavery. + +Pros"o*branch (?), n. (Zoˆl.) One of the Prosobranchiata. + +||Pros`o*bran`chi*a"ta (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; forward, further + +||&?; a gill.] (Zoˆl.) The highest division, or subclass, of gastropod +||mollusks, including those that have the gills situated anteriorly, or +||forward of the heart, and the sexes separate. + +Pros"o*cúle (?), n. [Gr. &?; forward + &?; hollow.] (Anat.) The entire +cavity of the prosencephalon. B. G. Wilder. + +||Pros`o*cú"li*a (?), n.; pl. Prosocúlle (#), [NL.] (Anat.) Same as +||Prosocúle. + +Pros`o*di"a*cal (?), a. Prosodical. + +Pros`o*di"a*cal*ly, adv. Prosodically. + +Pro*so"di*al (?), a. Prosodical. + +Pro*so"di*an (?), n. A prosodist. Rush. + +Pro*sod"ic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. prosodique, L. prosodiacus.] Of or +pertaining to prosody; according to the rules of prosody. -- +Pro*sod"ic*al*ly, adv. + +Pros"o*dist (?), n. One skilled in prosody. + +Pros"o*dy (?), n. [L. prosodia the tone or accent of a syllable, Gr. +&?; a song sung to, or with, an accompanying song, the accent +accompanying the pronunciation; &?; to + &?; song, ode: cf. F. +prosodie. See Ode.] That part of grammar which treats of the quantity +of syllables, of accent, and of the laws of versification or metrical +composition. + +||Pro*so"ma (?), n.; pl. Prosomata. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; before + &?;, +||&?;, body.] (Zoˆl.) The anterior of the body of an animal, as of a +||cephalopod; the thorax of an arthropod. + +||Pros`o*pal"gi*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; face + &?; pain.] (Med.) +||Facial neuralgia. + +||Pros`o*po*ceph`a*la (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. pro`swpon face, +||appearance + &?; head.] (Zoˆl.) Same as Scaphopoda. + +Pros`o*po*lep"sy (?), n. [Gr. &?;; pro`swpon a face, a person + &?; a +taking, receiving, &?; to take.] Respect of persons; especially, a +premature opinion or prejudice against a person, formed from his +external appearance. [R.] Addison. + +||Pros`o*po*pú"ia (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?;; pro`swpon a face, a person +||+ &?; to make.] (Rhet.) A figure by which things are represented as +||persons, or by which things inanimate are spoken of as animated +||beings; also, a figure by which an absent person is introduced as +||speaking, or a deceased person is represented as alive and present. +||It includes personification, but is more extensive in its +||signification. + +||Pros`o*pul`mo*na"ta (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; forward + L. pulmo +||a lung.] (Zoˆl.) A division of pulmonate mollusks having the +||breathing organ situated on the neck, as in the common snail. + +Pros"pect (?), n. [L. prospectus, fr. prospicere, prospectum, to look +forward; pro before, forward + specere, spicere, look, to see: cf. OF. +prospect. See Spy, v., and cf. Prospectus.] 1. That which is embraced +by eye in vision; the region which the eye overlooks at one time; view; +scene; outlook. + + His eye discovers unaware The goodly prospect of some foreign land. + + +Milton. + +2. Especially, a picturesque or widely extended view; a landscape; +hence, a sketch of a landscape. + + I went to Putney . . . to take prospects in crayon. + + +Evelyn. + +3. A position affording a fine view; a lookout. [R.] + + Him God beholding from his prospect high. + + +Milton. + +4. Relative position of the front of a building or other structure; +face; relative aspect. + + And their prospect was toward the south. + + +Ezek. xl. 44. + +5. The act of looking forward; foresight; anticipation; as, a prospect +of the future state. Locke. + + Is he a prudent man as to his temporal estate, that lays designs + only for a day, without any prospect to, or provision for, the + remaining part of life ? + + +Tillotson. + +6. That which is hoped for; ground for hope or expectation; +expectation; probable result; as, the prospect of success. "To brighter +prospects born." Cowper. + + These swell their prospectsd exalt their pride, When offers are + disdain'd, and love deny'd. + + +Pope. + +Pros"pect, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Prospected; p. pr. & vb. n. +Prospecting.] To look over; to explore or examine for something; as, to +prospect a district for gold. + +Pros"pect, v. i. To make a search; to seek; to explore, as for mines or +the like; as, to prospect for gold. + +Pro*spec"tion (?), n. The act of looking forward, or of providing for +future wants; foresight. + +Pro*spec"tive (?), a. [L. prospectivus: cf. F. prospectif. See +Prospect, n.] 1. Of or pertaining to a prospect; furnishing a prospect; +perspective. [Obs.] + + Time's long and dark prospective glass. + + +Milton. + +2. Looking forward in time; acting with foresight; -- opposed to +retrospective. + + The French king of Sweden are circumspect, industrious, and + prospective, too, in this affair. + + +Sir J. Child. + +3. Being within view or consideration, as a future event or +contingency; relating to the future: expected; as, a prospective +benefit. + + Points on which the promises, at the time of ordination, had no + prospective bearing. + + +W. Jay. + +Pro*spec"tive (?), n. 1. The scene before or around, in time or in +space; view; prospect. Sir H. Wotton. + +2. A perspective glass. [Obs.] Chaucer. Beau. & Fl. + +Pro*spec"tive*ly, adv. In a prospective manner. + +Pro*spec"tive*ness, n. Quality of being prospective. + +Pros"pect*less (?), a. Having no prospect. + +Pros"pect*or (?), n. [L., one who looks out.] One who prospects; +especially, one who explores a region for minerals and precious metals. + +Pro*spec"tus (?), n. [L., a prospect, sight, view: cf. F. prospectus. +See Prospect.] A summary, plan, or scheme of something proposed, +affording a prospect of its nature; especially, an exposition of the +scheme of an unpublished literary work. + +Pros"per (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Prospered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Prospering.] [F. prospÈrer v. i., or L. prosperare, v. i., or L. +prosperare, v. t., fr. prosper or prosperus. See Prosperous.] To favor; +to render successful. "Prosper thou our handiwork." Bk. of Common +Prayer. + + All things concur toprosper our design. + + +Dryden. + +Pros"per, v. i. 1. To be successful; to succeed; to be fortunate or +prosperous; to thrive; to make gain. + + They, in their earthly Canaan placed, Long time shall dwell and + prosper. + + +Milton. + +2. To grow; to increase. [Obs.] + + Black cherry trees prosper even to considerable timber. + + +Evelyn. + +Pros*per"i*ty (?), n. [F. prospÈritÈ, L. prosperitas. See Prosperous.] +The state of being prosperous; advance or gain in anything good or +desirable; successful progress in any business or enterprise; +attainment of the object desired; good fortune; success; as, commercial +prosperity; national prosperity. + + Now prosperity begins to mellow. + + +Shak. + + Prosperities can only be enjoyed by them who fear not at all to + lose them. + + +Jer. Taylor. + +Syn. -- Prosperousness; thrift; weal; welfare; well being; happiness. + +Pros"per*ous (&?;), a. [L. prosperus or prosper, originally, answering +to hope; pro according to + the root of sperare to hope. See Despair.] +1. Tending to prosperity; favoring; favorable; helpful. + + A happy passage and a prosperous wind. + + +Denham. + +2. Being prospered; advancing in the pursuit of anything desirable; +making gain, or increase; thriving; successful; as, a prosperous +voyage; a prosperous undertaking; a prosperous man or nation. + + By moderation either state to bear Prosperous or adverse. + + +Milton. + +Syn. -- Fortunate; successful; flourishing; thriving; favorable; +auspicious; lucky. See Fortunate. + +-- Pros"per*ous*ly, adv. -- Pros"per*ous*ness, n. + +||Pros"phy*sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;; &?; to + &?; to grow.] (Med.) +||A growing together of parts; specifically, a morbid adhesion of the +||eyelids to each other or to the eyeball. Dunglison. + +Pro*spi"cience (?), n. [L. prospicientia, fr. prospiciens, p. pr. of +prospicere. See Prospect.] The act of looking forward. + +Pros"tate (?), a.[Gr. &?; standing before, fr. &?; to set before; &?; +before + &?; to set: cf. F. prostate.] (Anat.) Standing before; -- +applied to a gland which is found in the males of most mammals, and is +situated at the neck of the bladder where this joins the urethra. -- n. +The prostate gland. + +Pro*stat"ic (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the prostate gland. + +Prostatic catheter. (Med.) See under Catheter. + +||Pros`ta*ti"tis (?), n. [NL. See Prostate, and -itis.] (Med.) +||Inflammation of the prostate. + +Pros`ter*na"tion (?), n. [F. See Prostration.] Dejection; depression. +[Obs.] Wiseman. + +Pro*ster"num (?), n. [NL. See Pro- and Sternum.] (Zoˆl.) The ventral +plate of the prothorax of an insect. + +||Pros"the*sis (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?; an addition, fr. &?; to put to, +||to add; &?; to + &?; to put, place.] 1. (Surg.) The addition to the +||human body of some artificial part, to replace one that is wanting, +||as a log or an eye; -- called also prothesis. + +2. (Gram.) The prefixing of one or more letters to the beginning of a +word, as in beloved. + +Pros*thet"ic (?), a. [Cf. Gr. &?; disposed to add, &?; put on.] Of or +pertaining to prosthesis; prefixed, as a letter or letters to a word. + +Pros*tib"u*lous (?), a. [L. prostibulum prostitute.] Of or pertaining +to prostitutes or prostitution; meretricious. [Obs.] Bale. + +Pros"ti*tute (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Prostituted (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Prostituting.] [L. prostitutus, p. p. of prostituere to prostitute; pro +before, forth + statuere to put, place. See Statute.] 1. To offer, as a +woman, to a lewd use; to give up to lewdness for hire. "Do not +prostitute thy daughter." Lev. xix. 29. + +2. To devote to base or unworthy purposes; to give up to low or +indiscriminate use; as, to prostitute talents; to prostitute official +powers. Milton. + +Pros"ti*tute, a. [L. prostitutus, p. p.] Openly given up to lewdness; +devoted to base or infamous purposes. + + Made bold by want, and prostitute for bread. + + +Prior + +Pros"ti*tute, n. [L. prostituta.] 1. A woman giver to indiscriminate +lewdness; a strumpet; a harlot. + +2. A base hireling; a mercenary; one who offers himself to infamous +employments for hire. + + No hireling she, no prostitute to praise. + + +Pope. + +Pros`ti*tu"tion (?), n. [L. prostitutio: cf. F. prostitution.] 1. The +act or practice of prostituting or offering the body to an +indiscriminate intercourse with men; common lewdness of a woman. + +2. The act of setting one's self to sale, or of devoting to infamous +purposes what is in one's power; as, the prostitution of abilities; the +prostitution of the press. "Mental prostitution." Byron. + +<! p. 1152 !> + +Pros"ti*tu`tor (?), n. [L.] One who prostitutes; one who submits +himself, of or offers another, to vile purposes. Bp. Hurd. + +||Pro*sto"mi*um (?), n.; pl. Prostomia (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?; before + +||&?;, &?;, mouth.] (Zoˆl.) That portion of the head of an annelid +||situated in front of the mouth. -- Pro*sto"mi*al (#), a. + +Pros"trate (?), a. [L. prostratus, p. p. of prosternere to prostrate; +pro before, forward + sternere to spread out, throw down. See Stratum.] +1. Lying at length, or with the body extended on the ground or other +surface; stretched out; as, to sleep prostrate. Elyot. + + Groveling and prostrate on yon lake of fire. + + +Milton. + +2. Lying at mercy, as a supplicant. Dryden. + +3. Lying in a humble, lowly, or suppliant posture. + + Prostrate fall Before him reverent, and there confess Humbly our + faults. + + +Milton. + +4. (Bot.) Trailing on the ground; procumbent. + +Pros"trate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Prostrated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Prostrating.] 1. To lay fiat; to throw down; to level; to fell; as, to +prostrate the body; to prostrate trees or plants. Evelyn. + +2. to overthrow; to demolish; to destroy; to deprive of efficiency; to +ruin; as, to prostrate a village; to prostrate a government; to +prostrate law or justice. + +3. To throw down, or cause to fall in humility or adoration; to cause +to bow in humble reverence; used reflexively; as, he prostrated +himself. Milman. + +4. To cause to sink totally; to deprive of strength; to reduce; as, a +person prostrated by fever. + +Pros*tra"tion (?), n. [L. prostratio: cf. F. prostration.] 1. The act +of prostrating, throwing down, or laying fiat; as, the prostration of +the body. + +2. The act of falling down, or of bowing in humility or adoration; +primarily, the act of falling on the face, but usually applied to +kneeling or bowing in reverence and worship. + + A greater prostration of reason than of body. + + +Shak. + +3. The condition of being prostrate; great depression; lowness; +dejection; as, a postration of spirits. "A sudden prostration of +strength." Arbuthnot. + +4. (Med.) A latent, not an exhausted, state of the vital energies; +great oppression of natural strength and vigor. + +Prostration, in its medical use, is analogous to the state of a spring +lying under such a weight that it is incapable of action; while +exhaustion is analogous to the state of a spring deprived of its +elastic powers. The word, however, is often used to denote any great +depression of the vital powers. + +Pro"style (?), a. [L. prostylus, Gr. &?;; &?; before + &?; pillar, +column: cf. F. prostyle.] (Arch.) Having columns in front. -- n. A +prostyle portico or building. + +Pros"y (?), a. [Compar. Prosier (?); superl. Prosiest.] + +1. Of or pertaining to prose; like prose. + +2. Dull and tedious in discourse or writing; prosaic. + +Pro*sy"lo*gism (?), n. [Pref. pro- + syllogism.] (Logic) A syllogism +preliminary or logically essential to another syllogism; the conclusion +of such a syllogism, which becomes a premise of the following +syllogism. + +Pro*tac"tic (?), a. [Gr. &?; placing or placed before, fr. &?; to place +in front; &?; before + &?; to arrange.] Giving a previous narrative or +explanation, as of the plot or personages of a play; introductory. + +Pro"ta*gon (?), n. [Proto- + Gr. &?; a contest. See. Protagonist. So +called because it was the first definitely ascertained principle of the +brain.] (Physiol. Chem.) A nitrogenous phosphorized principle found in +brain tissue. By decomposition it yields neurine, fatty acids, and +other bodies. + +Pro*tag"o*nist (?), n. [Gr. &?;; prw^tos first + &?; an actor, +combatant, fr. &?; a contest.] One who takes the leading part in a +drama; hence, one who takes lead in some great scene, enterprise, +conflict, or the like. + + Shakespeare, the protagonist on the great of modern poetry. + + +De Quincey. + +Pro"ta*min (?), n. [Gr. prw^tos first.] (Physiol. Chem.) An amorphous +nitrogenous substance found in the spermatic fluid of salmon. It is +soluble in water, which an alkaline reaction, and unites with acids and +metallic bases. + +Pro*tan"dric (?), a. [Proto- + Gr. &?;, &?;, a man.] (Zoˆl.) Having +male sexual organs while young, and female organs later in life. -- +Pro*tan"trism (#), n. + +Pro*tan"drous (?), a. (Bot.) Proterandrous. + +||Prot"a*sis (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to stretch before, +||forward; &?; before + &?; to stretch.] 1. A proposition; a maxim. +||Johnson. + +2. (Gram.) The introductory or subordinate member of a sentence, +generally of a conditional sentence; -- opposed to apodosis. See +Apodosis. + +3. The first part of a drama, of a poem, or the like; the introduction; +opposed to epitasis. B. Jonson. + +Pro*tat"ic (?), a. [Gr. &?;: cf. L. protaticus, F. protatique.] Of or +pertaining to the protasis of an ancient play; introductory. + +Pro`te*a"ceous (?), a. [From Proteus.] (Bot.) Of or pertaining to the +ProteaceÊ, an order of apetalous evergreen shrubs, mostly natives of +the Cape of Good Hope or of Australia. + +Pro"te*an (?), a. 1. Of or pertaining to Proteus; characteristic of +Proteus. " Protean transformations." Cudworth. + +2. Exceedingly variable; readily assuming different shapes or forms; +as, an amúba is a protean animalcule. + +Pro"te*an*ly, adv. In a protean manner. Cudworth. + +Pro*tect" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Protected; p. pr. & vb. n. +Protecting.] [L. protectus, p. p. of protegere, literally, to cover in +front; pro before + tegere to cover. See Tegument.] To cover or shield +from danger or injury; to defend; to guard; to preserve in safety; as, +a father protects his children. + + The gods of Greece protect you! + + +Shak. + +Syn. -- To guard; shield; preserve. See Defend. + +Pro*tect"ing*ly (?), adv. By way of protection; in a protective manner. + +Pro*tec"tion (?), n. [L. protectio: cf. F. protection.] 1. The act of +protecting, or the state of being protected; preservation from loss, +injury, or annoyance; defense; shelter; as, the weak need protection. + + To your protection I commend me, gods. + + +Shak. + +2. That which protects or preserves from injury; a defense; a shield; a +refuge. + + Let them rise up . . . and be your protection. + + +Deut. xxxii. 38. + +3. A writing that protects or secures from molestation or arrest; a +pass; a safe-conduct; a passport. + + He . . . gave them protections under his hand. + + +Macaulay. + +4. (Polit. Econ.) A theory, or a policy, of protecting the producers in +a country from foreign competition in the home market by the imposition +of such discriminating duties on goods of foreign production as will +restrict or prevent their importation; -- opposed to free trade. + +Writ of protection. (Law) (a) A writ by which the king formerly +exempted a person from arrest; -- now disused. [Eng.] Blackstone. (b) A +judicial writ issued to a person required to attend court, as party, +juror, etc., intended to secure him from arrest in coming, staying, and +returning. + +Syn. -- Preservation; defense; guard; shelter; refuge; security; +safety. + +Pro*tec"tion*ism (?), n. (Polit. Econ.) The doctrine or policy of +protectionists. See Protection, 4. + +Pro*tec"tion*ist, n. (Polit. Econ.) One who favors protection. See +Protection, 4. + +Pro*tect"ive (?), a. [Cf. F. protectif.] Affording protection; +sheltering; defensive. " The favor of a protective Providence." +Feltham. + +Protective coloring (Zoˆl.), coloring which serves for the concealment +and preservation of a living organism. Cf. Mimicry. Wallace. -- +Protective tariff (Polit. Econ.), a tariff designed to secure +protection (see Protection, 4.), as distinguished from a tariff +designed to raise revenue. See Tariff, and Protection, 4. + +Pro*tect"ive*ness, n. The quality or state of being protective. W. +Pater. + +Pro*tect"or (?), n. [L.: cf. F. protecteur.] 1. One who, or that which, +defends or shields from injury, evil, oppression, etc.; a defender; a +guardian; a patron. + + For the world's protector shall be known. + + +Waller. + +2. (Eng. Hist.) One having the care of the kingdom during the king's +minority; a regent. + + Is it concluded he shall be protector ! + + +Shak. + +3. (R. C. Ch.) A cardinal, from one of the more considerable Roman +Catholic nations, who looks after the interests of his people at Rome; +also, a cardinal who has the same relation to a college, religious +order, etc. + +Lord Protector (Eng. Hist.), the title of Oliver Cromwell as supreme +governor of the British Commonwealth (1653-1658). + +Pro*tect"or*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to a protector; protectorial; +as, protectoral power. + +Pro*tect"or*ate (?), n. [Cf. F. protectorat.] 1. Government by a +protector; -- applied especially to the government of England by Oliver +Cromwell. + +2. The authority assumed by a superior power over an inferior or a +dependent one, whereby the former protects the latter from invasion and +shares in the management of its affairs. + +Pro`tec*to"ri*al (?), a. [Cf. L. protectorius.] Same as Protectoral. + +Pro*tect"or*less (?), a. Having no protector; unprotected. + +Pro*tect"or*ship, n. The office of a protector or regent; protectorate. + +{ Pro*tect"ress (?), Pro*tect"rix (?), } n. [NL. protectrix.] A woman +who protects. + +{ ||Pro`tÈ`gÈ" (?), n. m. ||Pro`tÈ`gÈe" (?), n. f.} [F., p. p. of +protÈger. See Protect.] One under the care and protection of another. + +Pro"te*id (?), n. [Gr. prw^tos first.] (Physiol. Chem.) One of a class +of amorphous nitrogenous principles, containing, as a rule, a small +amount of sulphur; an albuminoid, as blood fibrin, casein of milk, etc. +Proteids are present in nearly all animal fluids and make up the +greater part of animal tissues and organs. They are also important +constituents of vegetable tissues. See 2d Note under Food. -- +Pro"te*id, a. + +||Pro`te*id"e*a (?), n. pl. [NL. See Proteus, and -oid.] (Zoˆl.) An +||order of aquatic amphibians having prominent external gills and four +||legs. It includes Proteus and Menobranchus (Necturus). Called also +||Proteoidea, and Proteida. + +Pro*te"i*form (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Changeable in form; resembling a Proteus, +or an amúba. + +Pro"te*in (?), n. [Gr. prw^tos first: cf. prwtei^on the first place.] +(Physiol. Chem.) A body now known as alkali albumin, but originally +considered to be the basis of all albuminous substances, whence its +name. + +Protein crystal. (Bot.) See Crystalloid, n., 2. + +Pro`te*i*na"*ceous (?), a. (Physiol. Chem.) Of or related to protein; +albuminous; proteid. + +Pro*te"i*nous (?), a. Proteinaceuos. + +Pro"te*les (?), n. [NL.] (Zoˆl.) A South Africa genus of Carnivora, +allied to the hyenas, but smaller and having weaker jaws and teeth. It +includes the aard-wolf. + +Pro*tend" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Protended; p. pr. & vb. n. +Protending.] [L. protendere, protensum; pro before, forth + tendere to +stretch.] To hold out; to stretch forth. [Obs.] + + With his protended lance he makes defence. + + +Dryden. + +Pro*tense" (?), n. [See Protend.] Extension.[Obs.] " By due degrees and +long protense." Spenser. + +Pro*ten"sion (?), n. [L. protensio.] A drawing out; extension. [R.] Sir +W. Hamilton. + +Pro*ten"sive (?), a. Drawn out; extended. [R.] + + Time is a protensive quantity. + + +Sir W. Hamilton. + +||Pro`te*ol"y*sis (?), n. [NL. See Proteolytic.] (Physiol. Chem.) The +||digestion or dissolving of proteid matter by proteolytic ferments. + +Pro`te*o*lyt"ic (?), a. [Proteid + Gr. &?; to loose.] (Physiol.) +Converting proteid or albuminous matter into soluble and diffusible +products, as peptones. " The proteolytic ferment of the pancreas." +Foster. + +Pro`ter*an"drous (?), a. [Gr. &?; earlier (fr. &?; before) + &?;, &?;, +man, male.] (Bot.) Having the stamens come to maturity before the +pistil; -- opposed to proterogynous. + +Pro`ter*an"dry (?), n. (Bot.) The condition of being proterandrous. + +Pro`ter*an"thous (?), a. [Gr. &?; earlier (fr. &?; before) + &?; +flower.] (Bot.) Having flowers appearing before the leaves; -- said of +certain plants. Gray. + +Pro`te*rog"ly*pha (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; before + &?; to carve.] +(Zoˆl.) A suborder of serpents including those that have permanently +erect grooved poison fangs, with ordinary teeth behind them in the +jaws. It includes the cobras, the asps, and the sea snakes. Called also +Proteroglyphia. + +Pro`ter*og"y*nous (?), a. [Gr. &?; earlier (fr. &?; before) + &?; +woman, female.] (Bot.) Having the pistil come to maturity before the +stamens; protogynous; -- opposed to proterandrous. + +||Pro`te*ro*sau"rus (?), n. [NL., from Gr. &?; earlier (fr. &?; before) +||+ &?; a lizard.] (Paleon.) An extinct genus of reptiles of the +||Permian period. Called also Protosaurus. + +Pro*ter"vi*ty (?), n. [L. protervitas, from protervus violent.] +Peevishness; petulance. [Obs.] Fuller. + +Pro*test" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Protested; p. pr. & vb. n. +Protesting.] [F. protester, L. protestari, pro before + testari to be a +witness, testis a witness. See Testify.] 1. To affirm in a public or +formal manner; to bear witness; to declare solemnly; to avow. + + He protest that his measures are pacific. + + +Landor. + + The lady doth protest too much, methinks. + + +Shak. + +2. To make a solemn declaration (often a written one) expressive of +opposition; -- with against; as, he protest against your votes. Denham. + + The conscience has power . . . to protest againts the exorbitancies + of the passions. + + +Shak. + +Syn. -- To affirm; asseverate; assert; aver; attest; testify; declare; +profess. See Affirm. + +Pro*test", v. t. 1. To make a solemn declaration or affirmation of; to +proclaim; to display; as, to protest one's loyalty. + + I will protest your cowardice. + + +Shak. + +2. To call as a witness in affirming or denying, or to prove an +affirmation; to appeal to. + + Fiercely [they] opposed My journey strange, with clamorous uproar + Protesting fate supreme. + + +Milton. + +To protest a bill or note (Law), to make a solemn written declaration, +in due form, on behalf of the holder, against all parties liable for +any loss or damage to be sustained by the nonacceptance or the +nonpayment of the bill or note, as the case may be. This should be made +by a notary public, whose seal it is the usual practice to affix. Kent. +Story. + +Pro"test (?), n. [Cf. F. protÍt, It. protesto. See Protest, v.] 1. A +solemn declaration of opinion, commonly a formal objection against some +act; especially, a formal and solemn declaration, in writing, of +dissent from the proceedings of a legislative body; as, the protest of +lords in Parliament. + +2. (Law) (a) A solemn declaration in writing, in due form, made by a +notary public, usually under his notarial seal, on behalf of the holder +of a bill or note, protesting against all parties liable for any loss +or damage by the nonacceptance or nonpayment of the bill, or by the +nonpayment of the note, as the case may be. (b) A declaration made by +the master of a vessel before a notary, consul, or other authorized +officer, upon his arrival in port after a disaster, stating the +particulars of it, and showing that any damage or loss sustained was +not owing to the fault of the vessel, her officers or crew, but to the +perils of the sea, etc., ads the case may be, and protesting against +them. (c) A declaration made by a party, before or while paying a tax, +duty, or the like, demanded of him, which he deems illegal, denying the +justice of the demand, and asserting his rights and claims, in order to +show that the payment was not voluntary. Story. Kent. + +Prot"es*tan*cy (?), n. Protestantism. [R.] + +Prot"es*tant (?), n. [F. protestant, fr. L. protestans, -antis, p. pr. +of protestare. See Protest, v.] One who protests; -- originally applied +to those who adhered to Luther, and protested against, or made a solemn +declaration of dissent from, a decree of the Emperor Charles V. and the +Diet of Spires, in 1529, against the Reformers, and appealed to a +general council; -- now used in a popular sense to designate any +Christian who does not belong to the Roman Catholic or the Greek +Church. + +<! p. 1153 !> + +Prot"es*tant (?), a. [Cf. F. protestant.] 1. Making a protest; +protesting. + +2. Of or pertaining to the faith and practice of those Christians who +reject the authority of the Roman Catholic Church; as, Protestant +writers. + +Prot`es*tant"ic*al (?), a. Protestant. [Obs.] + +Prot"es*tant*ism (?), n. [Cf. F. protestantisme.] The quality or state +of being protestant, especially against the Roman Catholic Church; the +principles or religion of the Protestants. + +Prot"es*tant*ly, adv. Like a Protestant; in conformity with +Protestantism. [R.] Milton. + +Prot`es*ta"tion (?), n. [L. protestatio: cf. F. protestation. See +Protest.] 1. The act of making a protest; a public avowal; a solemn +declaration, especially of dissent. " The protestation of our faith." +Latimer. + +2. (Law) Formerly, a declaration in common-law pleading, by which the +party interposes an oblique allegation or denial of some fact, +protesting that it does or does not exist, and at the same time +avoiding a direct affirmation or denial. + +Prot"es*ta`tor (?), n. [Cf. F. protestateur.] One who makes +protestation; a protester. + +Pro*test"er (?), n. 1. One who protests; one who utters a solemn +declaration. Shak. + +2. (Law) One who protests a bill of exchange, or note. + +Pro*test"ing*ly, adv. By way of protesting. + +Pro"te*us (?), n. [L., Gr. &?;.] 1. (Class. Myth.) A sea god in the +service of Neptune who assumed different shapes at will. Hence, one who +easily changes his appearance or principles. + +2. (Zoˆl.) (a) A genus of aquatic eel-shaped amphibians found in caves +in Austria. They have permanent external gills as well as lungs. The +eyes are small and the legs are weak. (b) A changeable protozoan; an +amúba. + +{ Pro`tha*la"mi*on (?), Pro`tha*la"mi*um (?), } n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; +before + &?; chamber, especially, the bridal chamber.] A song in +celebration of a marriage. Drayton. + +||Pro*thal"li*um (?), n.; pl. Prothallia (#). [NL.] (Bot.) Same as +||Prothallus. + +||Pro*thal"lus (?), n.; pl. Prothalli (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?; before + +||&?; a young shoot.] (Bot.) The minute primary growth from the spore +||of ferns and other Pteridophyta, which bears the true sexual organs; +||the oˆphoric generation of ferns, etc. + +||Proth"e*sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a placing in public, fr. &?; to +||set before; &?; before + &?; to set, put.] 1. (Eccl.) A credence +||table; -- so called by the Eastern or Greek Church. + +2. (Med.) See Prosthesis. Dunglison. + +Pro*thet"ic (?), a. [Gr. &?;.] Of or pertaining to prothesis; as, a +prothetic apparatus. + +{ Pro*thon"o*ta*ry (?), or Pro*ton"o*ta*ry (?) }, n.; pl> -ries (#). +[LL. protonotarius, fr. Gr. prw^tos first + L. notarius a shorthand +writer, a scribe: cf. F. protonotaire.] 1. A chief notary or clerk. " +My private prothonotary." Herrick. + +2. Formerly, a chief clerk in the Court of King's Bench and in the +Court of Common Pleas, now superseded by the master. [Eng.] Wharton. +Burrill. + +3. A register or chief clerk of a court in certain States of the United +States. + +4. (R. C. Ch.) Formerly, one who had the charge of writing the acts of +the martyrs, and the circumstances of their death; now, one of twelve +persons, constituting a college in the Roman Curia, whose office is to +register pontifical acts and to make and preserve the official record +of beatifications. + +5. (Gr. Ch.) The chief secretary of the patriarch of Constantinople. + +Prothonotary warbler (Zoˆl.), a small American warbler (Protonotaria +citrea). The general color is golden yellow, the back is olivaceous, +the rump and tail are ash- color, several outer tail feathers are +partly white. + +Pro*thon"o*ta*ry*ship, n. Office of a prothonotary. + +Pro`tho*rac"ic (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Of or pertaining to the prothorax. + +Pro*tho"rax (?), n. [Pref. pro- + thorax.] (Zoˆl.) The first or +anterior segment of the thorax in insects. See Illusts. of Butterfly +and Coleoptera. + +||Pro* thy`a*lo*so"ma (?), n.; pl. Prothyalosomata (#). [NL., fr. Gr. +||prw^tos first + "y`alos glass + &?;, &?;, body.] (Biol.) The +||investing portion, or spherical envelope, surrounding the eccentric +||germinal spot of the germinal vesicle. + +Pro*thy"a*lo*some (?), n. (Biol.) Same as Prothyalosoma. + +Pro"tist (?), n. (Zoˆl.) One of the Protista. + +||Pro*tis"ta (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. prw`tistos first.] (Zoˆl.) A +||provisional group in which are placed a number of low microscopic +||organisms of doubtful nature. Some are probably plants, others +||animals. + +||Pro*tis"ton (?), n.; pl. Protista (#). [NL.] (Zoˆl.) One of the +||Protista. + +Pro"to- (?). [Gr. prw^tos first, a superl. fr. pro` before. See Pro-.] +1. A combining form prefix signifying first, primary, primordial; as, +protomartyr, the first martyr; protomorphic, primitive in form; +protoplast, a primordial organism; prototype, protozoan. + +2. (Chem.) (a) Denoting the first or lowest of a series, or the one +having the smallest amount of the element to the name of which it is +prefixed; as protoxide, protochloride, etc. (b) Sometimes used as +equivalent to mono-, as indicating that the compound has but one atom +of the element to the name of which it is prefixed. Also used +adjectively. + +Pro`to*ca*non"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to the first canon, or +that which contains the authorized collection of the books of +Scripture; -- opposed to deutero- canonical. + +Pro`to*cat`e*chu"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, derived from, or +designating, an organic acid which is obtained as a white crystalline +substance from catechin, asafetida, oil of cloves, etc., and by +distillation itself yields pyrocatechin. + +Pro`to*cer"cal (?), a. [Proto- + Gr. &?; the tail.] (Zoˆl.) Having a +caudal fin extending around the end of the vertebral column, like that +which is first formed in the embryo of fishes; diphycercal. + +||Pro`to*coc"cus (?), n. [NL. See Proto-, and Coccus.] (Bot.) A genus +||of minute unicellular algÊ including the red snow plant (Protococcus +||nivalis). + +Pro"to*col (?), n. [F. protocole, LL. protocollum, fr. Gr. &?; the +first leaf glued to the rolls of papyrus and the notarial documents, on +which the date was written; prw^tos the first (see Proto-) + &?; glue.] +1. The original copy of any writing, as of a deed, treaty, dispatch, or +other instrument. Burrill. + +2. The minutes, or rough draught, of an instrument or transaction. + +3. (Diplomacy) (a) A preliminary document upon the basis of which +negotiations are carried on. (b) A convention not formally ratified. +(c) An agreement of diplomatists indicating the results reached by them +at a particular stage of a negotiation. + +Pro"to*col, v. t. To make a protocol of. + +Pro"to*col, v. i. To make or write protocols, or first draughts; to +issue protocols. Carlyle. + +Pro"to*col`ist, n. One who draughts protocols. + +Pro"to*conch (?), n. [Proto- + conch.] (Zoˆl.) The embryonic shell, or +first chamber, of ammonites and other cephalopods. + +Pro`to-Dor*ic (?), a. [Proto- + Doric.] (Arch.) Pertaining to, or +designating, architecture, in which the beginnings of the Doric style +are supposed to be found. + +Pro"to*gine (?), n. [Proto- + root of Gr. &?; to be born: cf. F. +protogyne.] (Min.) A kind of granite or gneiss containing a silvery +talcose mineral. + +Pro*tog"y*nous (?), a. [Proto + Gr. gynh` a woman.] (Bot.) Same as +Proterogynous. + +||Pro`to*hip"pus (?), n. [NL., from Gr. &?; first + &?; horse.] +||(Paleon.) A genus of fossil horses from the Lower Pliocene. They had +||three toes on each foot, the lateral ones being small. + +Pro"to*mar`tyr (?), n. [LL., fr. Gr. &?;; &?; first + &?; martyr: cf. +F. protomartyr. See Proto- , and Martyr.] The first martyr; the first +who suffers, or is sacrificed, in any cause; -- applied esp. to +Stephen, the first Christian martyr. + +Pro`to*mer"ite (?), n. [Proto- + -mere + -ite.] (Zoˆl.) The second +segment of one of the GregarinÊ. + +Pro`to*mor"phic (?), a. [Proto- + Gr. &?; form.] (Biol.) Having the +most primitive character; in the earliest form; as, a protomorphic +layer of tissue. H. Spencer. + +||Pro`to*ne"ma (?), n.; pl. Protonemata (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?; first + +||&?;, &?;, a thread.] (Bot.) The primary growth from the spore of a +||moss, usually consisting of branching confervoid filaments, on any +||part of which stem and leaf buds may be developed. + +Pro*ton"o*ta*ry (?), n. Same as Prothonotary. + +Pro`to*ˆr"gan*ism (?), n. [Proto- + organism.] (Biol.) An organism +whose nature is so difficult to determine that it might be referred to +either the animal or the vegetable kingdom. + +||Pro`to*pap"as (&?;), n. [NL., from Gr. &?; a chief priest.] (Gr. Ch.) +||A protopope. + +Pro"to*phyte (?), n. [Proto- + Gr. &?; a plant.] (Bot.) Any unicellular +plant, or plant forming only a plasmodium, having reproduction only by +fission, gemmation, or cell division. + +The protophytes (Protophyta) are by some botanists considered an +independent branch or class of the vegetable kingdom, and made to +include the lowest forms of both fungi and algÊ, as slime molds, +Bacteria, the nostocs, etc. Cf. Carpophyte, and Oˆphyte. + +Pro`to*phy*tol"o*gy (?), n. [Proto- + phytology.] Paleobotany. + +Pro"to*pine (?), n. [Proto- + opium.] (Chem.) An alkaloid found in +opium in small quantities, and extracted as a white crystalline +substance. + +Pro"to*plasm (?), n. [Proto- + Gr. &?; form, fr. &?; to mold.] (Biol.) +The viscid and more or less granular material of vegetable and animal +cells, possessed of vital properties by which the processes of +nutrition, secretion, and growth go forward; the so-called " physical +basis of life;" the original cell substance, cytoplasm, cytoblastema, +bioplasm sarcode, etc. + +The lowest forms of animal and vegetable life (unicellular organisms) +consist of simple or unaltered protoplasm; the tissues of the higher +organisms, of differentiated protoplasm. + +Pro`to*plas*mat"ic (?), a. Protoplasmic. + +Pro`to*plas"mic (?), a. 1. Of or pertaining to the first formation of +living bodies. + +2. (Biol.) Of or pertaining to protoplasm; consisting of, or +resembling, protoplasm. + +Pro"to*plast (?), n. [L. protoplastus the first man, Gr. &?; formed or +created first; &?; first + &?; formed, fr. &?; to form.] + +1. The thing first formed; that of which there are subsequent copies or +reproductions; the original. + +2. (Biol.) A first-formed organized body; the first individual, or pair +of individuals, of a species. + + A species is a class of individuals, each of which is + hypothetically considered to be the descendant of the same + protoplast, or of the same pair of protoplasts. + + +Latham. + +||Pro`to*plas"ta (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zoˆl.) A division of fresh-water +||rhizopods including those that have a soft body and delicate branched +||pseudopodia. The genus Gromia is one of the best-known. + +Pro`to*plas"tic (?), a. First- formed. Howell. + +Pro*top"o*dite (?), n. [Proto- + Gr. &?;, &?;, foot.] (Zoˆl.) The basal +portion, or two proximal and more or less consolidated segments, of an +appendage of a crustacean. + +Pro"to*pope (?), n. [Proto- + pope: cf. F. protopope, Russ. protopop'.] +(Gr. Ch.) One of the clergy of first rank in the lower order of secular +clergy; an archpriest; -- called also protopapas. + +||Pro*top"te*rus (?), n. [NL., from Gr. &?; first + &?; a feather +||(taken to mean, fin).] (Zoˆl.) See Komtok. + +Pro"to*salt (?), n. [Proto- + salt.] (Chem.) A salt derived from a +protoxide base. [Obs.] + +Pro`to*sil"i*cate (?), n. [Proto- + silicate.] (Chem.) A silicate +formed with the lowest proportion of silicic acid, or having but one +atom of silicon in the molecule. + +Pro`to*so"mite (?), n. [Proto- + somite.] (Zoˆl.) One of the primitive +segments, or metameres, of an animal. + +Pro`to*sul"phide (?), n. [Proto- + sulphide.] (Chem.) That one of a +series of sulphides of any element which has the lowest proportion of +sulphur; a sulphide with but one atom of sulphur in the molecule. + +Pro`to*sul"phu*ret (?), n. [Proto- + sulphuret.] (Chem.) A +protosulphide. [Obs.] + +||Pro`to*the"ri*a (?), n. pl. [NL., from Gr. prw^tos first + qhri`on, +||dim. of qh`r beast.] (Zoˆl.) Same as Monotremata. + +||Pro`to*tra`che*a"ta (?), n. pl. [NL. See Proto-, and Trachea.] +||(Zoˆl.) Same as Malacopoda. + +Pro"to*type (?), n. [F., from L. prototypus original, primitive, Gr. +&?;, &?;; &?; first + &?; type, model. See Proto-, and Type] An +original or model after which anything is copied; the pattern of +anything to be engraved, or otherwise copied, cast, or the like; a +primary form; exemplar; archetype. + + They will turn their backs on it, like their great precursor and + prototype. + + +Burke. + +Pro`to*ver"te*bra (?), n.; pl. ProtovertebrÊ . [Proto- + vertebra.] +(Anat.) One of the primitive masses, or segments, into which the +mesoblast of the vertebrate embryo breaks up on either side of the +anterior part of the notochord; a mesoblastic, or protovertebral, +somite. See Illust. of Ectoderm. + +The protovertebrÊ were long regarded as rudiments of the permanent +vertebrÊ, but they are now known to give rise to the dorsal muscles and +other structures as well as the vertebral column. See Myotome. + +Pro`to*ver"te*bral (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the +protovertebrÊ. + +Pro*tox"ide (?), n. [Proto- + oxide: cf. F. protoxide.] (Chem.) That +one of a series of oxides having the lowest proportion of oxygen. See +Proto-, 2 (b). + +protoxide of nitrogen, laughing gas, now called hyponitrous oxide. See +under Laughing. + +Pro*tox"i*dize (?), v. t. (Chem.) To combine with oxygen, as any +elementary substance, in such proportion as to form a protoxide. + +||Pro`to*zo"a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; first + &?; an animal.] +||(Zoˆl.) The lowest of the grand divisions of the animal kingdom. + +The entire animal consists of a single cell which is variously +modified; but in many species a number of these simple zooids are +united together so as to form a compound body or organism, as in the +Foraminifera and VorticellÊ. The reproduction takes place by fission, +or by the breaking up of the contents of the body after encystment, +each portion becoming a distinct animal, or in other ways, but never by +true eggs. The principal divisions are Rhizopoda, GregarinÊ, and +Infusoria. See also Foraminifera, Heliozoa, Protoplasta, Radiolaria, +Flagellata, Ciliata. + +Pro`to*zo"an (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Of or pertaining to the Protozoa. -- n. +One of the Protozoa. + +Pro`to*zo"ic (?), a. 1. (Zoˆl.) Of or pertaining to the Protozoa. + +2. (Geol.) Containing remains of the earliest discovered life of the +globe, which included mollusks, radiates and protozoans. + +||Pro`to*zo"ˆn (-n), n.; pl. Protozoa (#). [NL.] (Zoˆl.) (a) One of the +||Protozoa. (b) A single zooid of a compound protozoan. + +Pro`to*zo"ˆ*nite (?), n. (Zoˆl.) One of the primary, or first-formed, +segments of an embryonic arthropod. + +||Pro*tra`che*a"ta (?), n. pl. [NL. See Pro-, and Trachea.] (Zoˆl.) +||Same as Malacopoda. + +<! p. 1154 !> + +Pro*tract" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Protracted; p. pr. vb. n. +Protracting.] [L. protractus, p. p. of protrahere to forth, protract; +pro forward + trahere to draw. See Portrait, Portray.] 1. To draw out +or lengthen in time or (rarely) in space; to continue; to prolong; as, +to protract an argument; to protract a war. + +2. To put off to a distant time; to delay; to defer; as, to protract a +decision or duty. Shak. + +3. (Surv.) To draw to a scale; to lay down the lines and angles of, +with scale and protractor; to plot. + +4. (Zoˆl.) To extend; to protrude; as, the cat can protract its claws; +-- opposed to retract. + +Pro*tract", n. [L. protractus.] Tedious continuance or delay. [Obs.] +Spenser. + +Pro*tract`ed (?), a. Prolonged; continued. + +Protracted meeting,a religious meeting continued for many successive +days. [U. S.] + +-- Pro*tract"ed*ly, adv. -- Pro*tract"ed*ness, n. + +Pro*tract"er (?), n. A protractor. + +Pro*tract"ile (?), a. Capable of being protracted, or protruded; +protrusile. + +Pro*trac"tion (?), n. [L. protractio.] 1. A drawing out, or continuing; +the act of delaying the termination of a thing; prolongation; +continuance; delay; as, the protraction of a debate. + + A protraction only of what is worst in life. + + +Mallock. + +2. (Surv.) (a) The act or process of making a plot on paper. (b) A plot +on paper. + +Pro*tract"ive (?), a. Drawing out or lengthening in time; prolonging; +continuing; delaying. + + He suffered their protractive arts. + + +Dryden. + +Pro*tract"or (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, protracts, or causes +protraction. + +2. A mathematical instrument for laying down and measuring angles on +paper, used in drawing or in plotting. It is of various forms, +semicircular, rectangular, or circular. + +3. (Surg.) An instrument formerly used in extracting foreign or +offensive matter from a wound. + +4. (Anat.) A muscle which extends an organ or part; -- opposed to +retractor. + +5. An adjustable pattern used by tailors. Knight. + +Pro*trep"tic*al (?), a. [Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to turn forward, to urge on.] +Adapted to persuade; hortatory; persuasive. [Obs.] Bp. Ward. + +Pro*trud"a*ble (?), a. That may be protruded; protrusile. Darwin. + +Pro*trude" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Protruded; p. pr. & vb. n. +Protruding.] [L. protrudere, protrusum; pro forward + trudere to +thrust. See Threat.] + +1. To thrust forward; to drive or force along. Locke. + +2. To thrust out, as through a narrow orifice or from confinement; to +cause to come forth. + + When . . . Spring protrudes the bursting gems. + + +Thomson. + +Pro*trude", v. i. To shoot out or forth; to be thrust forward; to +extend beyond a limit; to project. + + The parts protrude beyond the skin. + + +Bacon. + +Pro*tru"sile (?), a. Capable of being protruded or thrust out; +protractile; protrusive. + +Pro*tru"sion (?), n. 1. The act of protruding or thrusting forward, or +beyond the usual limit. + +2. The state of being protruded, or thrust forward. + +Pro*tru"sive (?), a. 1. Thrusting or impelling forward; as, protrusive +motion. E. Darwin. + +2. Capable of being protruded; protrusile. + +Pro*tru"sive*ly, adv. In a protrusive manner. + +Pro*tu"ber*ance (?), n. [Cf. F. protubÈrance. See Protuberant.] That +which is protuberant swelled or pushed beyond the surrounding or +adjacent surface; a swelling or tumor on the body; a prominence; a +bunch or knob; an elevation. + +Solar protuberances (Astron.), certain rose-colored masses on the limb +of the sun which are seen to extend beyond the edge of the moon at the +time of a solar eclipse. They may be discovered with the spectroscope +on any clear day. Called also solar prominences. See Illust. in Append. + +Syn. -- Projection, Protuberance. protuberance differs from projection, +being applied to parts that rise from the surface with a gradual ascent +or small angle; whereas a projection may be at a right angle with the +surface. + +Pro*tu"ber*an*cy (?), n. The quality or state of being protuberant; +protuberance; prominence. + +Pro*tu"ber*ant (?), a. [L. protuberans, -antis, p. pr. of protuberare. +See Protuberate.] Prominent, or excessively prominent; bulging beyond +the surrounding or adjacent surface; swelling; as, a protuberant joint; +a protuberant eye. -- Pro*tu"ber*ant*ly, adv. + +Pro*tu"ber*ate (?), v. i. [L. protuberare; pro forward + tuber a hump, +protuberance. See Tuber.] To swell, or be prominent, beyond the +adjacent surface; to bulge out. S. Sharp. + +Pro*tu`ber*a"tion (?), n. The act of swelling beyond the surrounding +surface. Cooke (1615). + +Pro*tu"ber*ous (?), a. Protuberant. [R.] + +||Pro`tu*re"ter (?), n. [NL. See Proto-, Ureter.] (Anat.) The duct of a +||pronephros. Haeckel. + +Pro"tyle (?), n. [Proto- + Gr. &?; stuff, material.] (Chem. & Astron.) +The hypothetical homogeneous cosmic material of the original universe, +supposed to have been differentiated into what are recognized as +distinct chemical elements. + +Proud (?), a. [Compar. Prouder (?); superl. Proudest.] [OE. proud, +prout, prud, prut, AS. prt; akin to Icel. prr stately, handsome, Dan. +prud handsome. Cf. Pride.] 1. Feeling or manifesting pride, in a good +or bad sense; as: (a) Possessing or showing too great self-esteem; +overrating one's excellences; hence, arrogant; haughty; lordly; +presumptuous. + + Nor much expect A foe so proud will first the weaker seek. + + +Milton. + + O death, made proud with pure and princely beauty ! + + +Shak. + + And shades impervious to the proud world's glare. + + +Keble. + +(b) Having a feeling of high self-respect or self-esteem; exulting +(in); elated; -- often with of; as, proud of one's country. "Proud to +be checked and soothed." Keble. + + Are we proud men proud of being proud ? + + +Thackeray. + +2. Giving reason or occasion for pride or self-gratulation; worthy of +admiration; grand; splendid; magnificent; admirable; ostentatious. "Of +shadow proud." Chapman. "Proud titles." Shak. " The proud temple's +height." Dryden. + + Till tower, and dome, and bridge-way proud Are mantled with a + golden cloud. + + +Keble. + +3. Excited by sexual desire; -- applied particularly to the females of +some animals. Sir T. Browne. + +Proud is often used with participles in the formation of compounds +which, for the most part, are self-explaining; as, proud-crested, +proud-minded, proud-swelling. + +Proud flesh (Med.), a fungous growth or excrescence of granulations +resembling flesh, in a wound or ulcer. + +Proud"ish (?), a. Somewhat proud. Ash. + +Proud"ling, n. A proud or haughty person. Sylvester. + +Proud"ly, adv. In a proud manner; with lofty airs or mien; haughtily; +arrogantly; boastfully. + + Proudly he marches on, and void of fear. + + +Addison. + +Proud"ness, n. The quality of being proud; pride. + + Set aside all arrogancy and proudness. + + +Latimer. + +Proust"ite (?), n. [From the French chemist, J. L. Proust.] (Min.) A +sulphide of arsenic and silver of a beautiful cochineal-red color, +occurring in rhombohedral crystals, and also massive; ruby silver. + +Prov"a*ble (?), a. [See Prove, and cf. Probable.] Capable of being +proved; demonstrable. -- Prov"a*ble*ness, n. -- Prov"a*bly, adv. + +{ Prov"and (?), Pro"ant (?), } n. [See Provender.] Provender or food. +[Obs.] + + One pease was a soldier's provant a whole day. + + +Beau. & Fl. + +Pro*vant" (?), v. t. To supply with provender or provisions; to provide +for. [Obs.] Nash. + +Prov"ant (?), a. Provided for common or general use, as in an army; +hence, common in quality; inferior. "A poor provant rapier." B. Jonson. + +Prove (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Proved (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Proving.] +[OE. prover, F. prouver, fr. L. probare to try, approve, prove, fr. +probus good, proper. Cf. Probable, Proof, Probe.] 1. To try or to +ascertain by an experiment, or by a test or standard; to test; as, to +prove the strength of gunpowder or of ordnance; to prove the contents +of a vessel by a standard measure. + + Thou hast proved mine heart. + + +Ps. xvii. 3. + +2. To evince, establish, or ascertain, as truth, reality, or fact, by +argument, testimony, or other evidence. + + They have inferred much from slender premises, and conjectured when + they could not prove. + + +J. H. Newman. + +3. To ascertain or establish the genuineness or validity of; to verify; +as, to prove a will. + +4. To gain experience of the good or evil of; to know by trial; to +experience; to suffer. + + Where she, captived long, great woes did prove. + + +Spenser. + +5. (Arith.) To test, evince, ascertain, or verify, as the correctness +of any operation or result; thus, in subtraction, if the difference +between two numbers, added to the lesser number, makes a sum equal to +the greater, the correctness of the subtraction is proved. + +6. (Printing) To take a trial impression of; to take a proof of; as, to +prove a page. + +Syn. -- To try; verify; justify; confirm; establish; evince; manifest; +show; demonstrate. + +Prove, v. i. 1. To make trial; to essay. + +2. To be found by experience, trial, or result; to turn out to be; as, +a medicine proves salutary; the report proves false. "The case proves +mortal." Arbuthnot. + + So life a winter's morn may prove. + + +Keble. + +3. To succeed; to turn out as expected. [Obs.] "The experiment proved +not." Bacon. + +Pro*vect" (?), a. [L. provectus, p. p. of provehere to carry forward.] +Carried forward; advanced. [Obs.] "Provect in years." Sir T. Flyot. + +Pro*vec"tion (?), n. [L. provectio an advancement.] (Philol.) A +carrying forward, as of a final letter, to a following word; as, for +example, a nickname for an ekename. + +Pro*ved"i*tor (?), n. [It. proveditore, provveditore, fr. provedere, L. +providere. See Provide, and cf. Purveyor, Provedore.] One employed to +procure supplies, as for an army, a steamer, etc.; a purveyor; one who +provides for another. Jer. Taylor. + +Prov"e*dore (?), n. [Cf. Sp. proveedor. See Proveditor.] A proveditor; +a purveyor. + + Busied with the duties of a provedore. + + +W. Irving. + +Prov"en (?), p. p. or a. Proved. "Accusations firmly proven in his +mind." Thackeray. + + Of this which was the principal charge, and was generally believed + to beproven, he was acquitted. + + +Jowett (Thucyd. ). + +Not proven (Scots Law), a verdict of a jury that the guilt of the +accused is not made out, though not disproved. Mozley & W. + +||Pro`ven`Áal" (?), a. [F., fr. Provence, fr. L. provincia province. +||See Provincial.] Of or pertaining to Provence or its inhabitants. + +||Pro`ven`Áal", n. [F.] 1. A native or inhabitant of Provence in +||France. + +2. The Provencal language. See Langue d'oc. + +Prov"ence rose` (?). [Provence the place + rose.] (a) The cabbage rose +(Rosa centifolia). (b) A name of many kinds of roses which are hybrids +of Rosa centifolia and R. Gallica. + +Pro*ven"cial (?), a. [See ProvenÁal.] Of or pertaining to Provence in +France. + +Prov"end (?), n. See Provand. [Obs.] + +Prov"en*der (?), n. [OE. provende, F. provende, provisions, provender, +fr. LL. praebenda (prae and pro being confused), a daily allowance of +provisions, a prebend. See Prebend.] 1. Dry food for domestic animals, +as hay, straw, corn, oats, or a mixture of ground grain; feed. "Hay or +other provender." Mortimer. + + Good provender laboring horses would have. + + +Tusser. + +2. Food or provisions. [R or Obs.] + +Prov"ent (?), n. See Provand. [Obs.] + +Pro*ven"tri*cle (?), n. (Anat.) Proventriculus. + +||Pro`ven*tri"u*lus (?), n. [NL. See Pro-, and Ventricle.] (Anat.) The +||glandular stomach of birds, situated just above the crop. + +Prov"er (?), n. One who, or that which, proves. + +Prov"erb (?), n. [OE. proverbe, F. proverbe, from L. proverbium; pro +before, for + verbum a word. See Verb.] 1. An old and common saying; a +phrase which is often repeated; especially, a sentence which briefly +and forcibly expresses some practical truth, or the result of +experience and observation; a maxim; a saw; an adage. Chaucer. Bacon. + +2. A striking or paradoxical assertion; an obscure saying; an enigma; a +parable. + + His disciples said unto him, Lo, now speakest thou plainly, and + speakest no proverb. + + +John xvi. 29. + +3. A familiar illustration; a subject of contemptuous reference. + + Thou shalt become an astonishment, a proverb, and a by word, among + all nations. + + +Deut. xxviii. 37. + +4. A drama exemplifying a proverb. + +Book of Proverbs, a canonical book of the Old Testament, containing a +great variety of wise maxims. + +Syn. -- Maxim; aphorism; apothegm; adage; saw. + +Prov"erb, v. t. 1. To name in, or as, a proverb. [R.] + + Am I not sung and proverbed for a fool ? + + +Milton. + +2. To provide with a proverb. [R.] + + I am proverbed with a grandsire phrase. + + +Shak. + +Prov"erb, v. i. To write or utter proverbs. [R.] + +Pro*ver"bi*al (?), a. [L. proverbialis: cf. F. proverbial.] 1. +Mentioned or comprised in a proverb; used as a proverb; hence, commonly +known; as, a proverbial expression; his meanness was proverbial. + + In case of excesses, I take the German proverbial cure, by a hair + of the same beast, to be the worst. + + +Sir W. Temple. + +2. Of or pertaining to proverbs; resembling a proverb. "A proverbial +obscurity." Sir T. Browne. + +Pro*ver"bi*al*ism (?), n. A proverbial phrase. + +Pro*ver"bi*al*ist, n. One who makes much use of proverbs in speech or +writing; one who composes, collects, or studies proverbs. + +Pro*ver"bi*al*ize (?), v. t. & i. [Cf. F. proverbialiser.] To turn into +a proverb; to speak in proverbs. + +Pro*ver"bi*al*ly, adv. In a proverbial manner; by way of proverb; +hence, commonly; universally; as, it is proverbially said; the bee is +proverbially busy. + +Pro*vex"i*ty (?), n. [L. provehere to advance. Cf. Provect.] Great +advance in age. [Obs.] + +Pro*vide" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Provided; p. pr. & vb. n. +Providing.] [L. providere, provisum; pro before + videre to see. See +Vision, and cf. Prudent, Purvey.] 1. To look out for in advance; to +procure beforehand; to get, collect, or make ready for future use; to +prepare. "Provide us all things necessary." Shak. + +2. To supply; to afford; to contribute. + + Bring me berries, or such cooling fruit As the kind, hospitable + woods provide. + + +Milton. + +3. To furnish; to supply; -- formerly followed by of, now by with. "And +yet provided him of but one." Jer. Taylor. "Rome . . . was well +provided with corn." Arbuthnot. + +4. To establish as a previous condition; to stipulate; as, the contract +provides that the work be well done. + +5. To foresee. [A Latinism] [Obs.] B. Jonson. + +6. To appoint to an ecclesiastical benefice before it is vacant. See +Provisor. Prescott. + +Pro*vide", v. i. 1. To procure supplies or means in advance; to take +measures beforehand in view of an expected or a possible future need, +especially a danger or an evil; -- followed by against or for; as, to +provide against the inclemency of the weather; to provide for the +education of a child. + + Government is a contrivance of human wisdom to provide for human + wants. + + +Burke. + +2. To stipulate previously; to condition; as, the agreement provides +for an early completion of the work. + +Pro*vid"ed (?), conj. On condition; by stipulation; with the +understanding; if; -- usually followed by that; as, provided that +nothing in this act shall prejudice the rights of any person whatever. + + Provided the deductions are logical, they seem almost indifferent + to their truth. + + +G. H. Lewes. + +This word is strictly a participle, and the word being is understood, +the participle provided agreeing with the whole sentence absolute, and +being equivalent to this condition being previously stipulated or +established. + +Prov"i*dence (?), n. [L. providentia: cf. F. providence. See Provident, +and cf. Prudence.] 1. The act of providing or preparing for future use +or application; a making ready; preparation. + + Providence for war is the best prevention of it. + + +Bacon. + +2. Foresight; care; especially, the foresight and care which God +manifests for his creatures; hence, God himself, regarded as exercising +a constant wise prescience. + + The world was all before them, where to choose Their place of rest, + and Providence their guide. + + +Milton. + +3. (Theol.) A manifestation of the care and superintendence which God +exercises over his creatures; an event ordained by divine direction. + + He that hath a numerous family, and many to provide for, needs a + greater providence of God. + + +Jer. Taylor. + +<! p. 1155 !> + +4. Prudence in the management of one's concerns; economy; frugality. + + It is a high point of providence in a prince to cast an eye rather + upon actions than persons. + + +Quarles. + +Prov"i*dent (?), a. [L. providens, -entis, p. pr. of providere: cf. F. +provident. See Provide, and cf. Prudent.] Foreseeing wants and making +provision to supply them; prudent in preparing for future exigencies; +cautious; economical; -- sometimes followed by of; as, aprovident man; +an animal provident of the future. + + And of our good and of our dignity, How provident he is. + + +Milton. + +Syn. -- Forecasting; cautious; careful; prudent; frugal; economical. + +Prov`i*den"tial (?), a. [Cf. F. providentiel.] Effected by, or +referable to, divine direction or superintendence; as, the providential +contrivance of thing; a providential escape. -- Prov"i*den"tial*ly, +adv. + +Prov"i*dent*ly (?), adv. In a provident manner. + +Prov"i*dent*ness, n. The quality or state of being provident; +carefulness; prudence; economy. + +Pro*vid"er (?), n. One who provides, furnishes, or supplies; one who +procures what is wanted. + +Prov"i*dore (?), n. [See Provedore.] One who makes provision; a +purveyor. [R.] De Foe. + +Prov"ince (?), n. [F., fr. L. provincia; prob. fr. pro before, for + +the root of vincere to conquer. See Victor.] 1. (Roman Hist.) A country +or region, more or less remote from the city of Rome, brought under the +Roman government; a conquered country beyond the limits of Italy. +Wyclif (Acts xiii. 34). Milton. + +2. A country or region dependent on a distant authority; a portion of +an empire or state, esp. one remote from the capital. "Kingdoms and +provinces." Shak. + +3. A region of country; a tract; a district. + + Over many a tract of heaven they marched, and many a province wide. + + +Milton. + + Other provinces of the intellectual world. + + +I. Watts. + +4. A region under the supervision or direction of any special person; +the district or division of a country, especially an ecclesiastical +division, over which one has jurisdiction; as, the province of +Canterbury, or that in which the archbishop of Canterbury exercises +ecclesiastical authority. + +5. The proper or appropriate business or duty of a person or body; +office; charge; jurisdiction; sphere. + + The woman'sprovince is to be careful in her economy, and chaste in + her affection. + + +Tattler. + +6. Specif.: Any political division of the Dominion of Canada, having a +governor, a local legislature, and representation in the Dominion +parliament. Hence, colloquially, The Provinces, the Dominion of Canada. + +Pro*vin"cial (?), a. [L. provincialis: cf. F. provincial. See Province, +and cf. Provencal.] 1. Of or pertaining to province; constituting a +province; as, a provincial government; a provincial dialect. + +2. Exhibiting the ways or manners of a province; characteristic of the +inhabitants of a province; not cosmopolitan; countrified; not polished; +rude; hence, narrow; illiberal. "Provincial airs and graces." Macaulay. + +3. Of or pertaining to an ecclesiastical province, or to the +jurisdiction of an archbishop; not ecumenical; as, a provincial synod. +Ayliffe. + +4. Of or pertaining to Provence; Provencal. [Obs.] + + With two Provincial roses on my razed shoes. + + +Shak. + +Pro*vin"cial, n. 1. A person belonging to a province; one who is +provincial. + +2. (R. C. Ch.) A monastic superior, who, under the general of his +order, has the direction of all the religious houses of the same +fraternity in a given district, called a province of the order. + +Pro*vin"cial*ism (?), n. [Cf. F. provincialisme.] A word, or a manner +of speaking, peculiar to a province or a district remote from the +mother country or from the metropolis; a provincial characteristic; +hence, narrowness; illiberality. M. Arnold. + +Pro*vin"cial*ist, n. One who lives in a province; a provincial. + +Pro*vin`ci*al"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being provincial; +peculiarity of language characteristic of a province. T. Warton. + +Pro*vin"cial*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Provincialized (?); p. pr. & +vb. n. Provincializing (?).] To render provincial. M. Arnold. + +Pro*vin"cial*ly, adv. In a provincial manner. + +Pro*vin"ci*ate (?), v. t. To convert into a province or provinces. +[Obs.] Howell. + +Pro*vine" (?), v. i. [F. provingner, fr. provin a set, layer of a +plant, OF. provain, from L. propago, -aginis, akin to propagare to +propagate. See Propagate, Prune, v. t.] To lay a stock or branch of a +vine in the ground for propagation. [Obs.] Johnson. + +Pro*vi"sion (?), n. [L. provisio: cf. F. provision. See Provide.] 1. +The act of providing, or making previous preparation. Shak. + +2. That which is provided or prepared; that which is brought together +or arranged in advance; measures taken beforehand; preparation. + + Making provision for the relief of strangers. + + +Bacon. + +3. Especially, a stock of food; any kind of eatables collected or +stored; -- often in the plural. + + And of provisions laid in large, For man and beast. + + +Milton. + +4. That which is stipulated in advance; a condition; a previous +agreement; a proviso; as, the provisions of a contract; the statute has +many provisions. + +5. (R. C. Ch.) A canonical term for regular induction into a benefice, +comprehending nomination, collation, and installation. + +6. (Eng. Hist.) A nomination by the pope to a benefice before it became +vacant, depriving the patron of his right of presentation. Blackstone. + +Pro*vi"sion (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Provisioned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Provisioning.] To supply with food; to victual; as, to provision a +garrison. + + They were provisioned for a journey. + + +Palfrey. + +Pro*vi"sion*al (?), a. [Cf. F. provisionnel.] Of the nature of a +provision; serving as a provision for the time being; -- used of +partial or temporary arrangements; as, a provisional government; a +provisional treaty. + +Pro*vi"sion*al*ly, adv. By way of provision for the time being; +temporarily. Locke. + +Pro*vi"sion*a*ry (?), a. Provisional. Burke. + +Pro*vi"so (?), n.; pl. Provisos (#). [L., (it) being provided, abl. of +provisus, p. p. of providere. See Provide, and cf. Purview.] An article +or clause in any statute, agreement, contract, grant, or other writing, +by which a condition is introduced, usually beginning with the word +provided; a conditional stipulation that affects an agreement, +contract, law, grant, or the like; as, the contract was impaired by its +proviso. + + He doth deny his prisoners, But with proviso and exception. + + +Shak. + +Pro*vi"sor (?), n. [L., fr. providere: cf. F. proviseur. See Provide.] +1. One who provides; a purveyor. [Obs.] "The chief provisor of our +horse." Ford. + +2. (R. C. Ch.) (a) The purveyor, steward, or treasurer of a religious +house. Cowell. (b) One who is regularly inducted into a benefice. See +Provision, 5. P. Plowman. + +3. (Eng. Hist.) One who procures or receives a papal provision. See +Provision, 6. + +Pro*vi"so*ri*ly (?), adv. In a provisory manner; conditionally; subject +to a proviso; as, to admit a doctrine provisorily. Sir W. Hamilton. + +Pro*vi"sor*ship (?), n. The office or position of a provisor. [R.] J. +Webster. + +Pro*vi"so*ry (?), a. [Cf. F. provisoire.] 1. Of the nature of a +proviso; containing a proviso or condition; conditional; as, a +provisory clause. + +2. Making temporary provision; provisional. + +Prov`o*ca"tion (?), n. [F. provocation, L. provocatio. See Provoke.] 1. +The act of provoking, or causing vexation or, anger. Fabyan. + +2. That which provokes, or excites anger; the cause of resentment; as, +to give provocation. Paley. + +3. Incitement; stimulus; as, provocation to mirth. + +4. (Law) Such prior insult or injury as may be supposed, under the +circumstances, to create hot blood, and to excuse an assault made in +retort or redress. + +5. An appeal to a court. [A Latinism] [Obs.] Ayliffe. + +Pro*vo"ca*tive (?), a. [L. provocativus: cf. OF. provocatif.] Serving +or tending to provoke, excite, or stimulate; exciting. + +Pro*vo"ca*tive, n. Anything that is provocative; a stimulant; as, a +provocative of appetite. + +Pro*vo"ca*tive*ness, n. Quality of being provocative. + +Pro*vo"ca*to*ry (?), a. Provocative. + +Pro*vok"a*ble (?), a. That may be provoked. + +Pro*voke" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Provoked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Provoking.] [F. provoquer, L. provocare to call forth; pro forth + +vocare to call, fr. vox, vocis, voice, cry, call. See Voice.] To call +forth; to call into being or action; esp., to incense to action, a +faculty or passion, as love, hate, or ambition; hence, commonly, to +incite, as a person, to action by a challenge, by taunts, or by +defiance; to exasperate; to irritate; to offend intolerably; to cause +to retaliate. + + Obey his voice, provoke him not. + + +Ex. xxiii. 21. + + Ye fathers, provoke not your children to wrath. + + +Eph. vi. 4. + + Such acts Of contumacy will provoke the Highest To make death in us + live. + + +Milton. + + Can honor's voice provoke the silent dust? + + +Gray. + + To the poet the meaning is what he pleases to make it, what it + provokes in his own soul. + + +J. Burroughs. + +Syn. -- To irritate; arouse; stir up; awake; excite; incite; anger. See +Irritate. + +Pro*voke", v. i. 1. To cause provocation or anger. + +2. To appeal. [A Latinism] [Obs.] Dryden. + +Pro*voke"ment (?), n. The act that which, provokes; one who excites +anger or other passion, or incites to action; as, a provoker of +sedition. + + Drink, sir, is a great provoker of three things. + + +Shak. + +Pro*vok"ing, a. Having the power or quality of exciting resentment; +tending to awaken passion or vexation; as, provoking words or +treatment. -- Pro*vok"ing*ly, adv. + +Prov"ost (?), n. [OF. provost (L. prae and pro being confused), F. +prevÙt, fr. L. praepositus placed before, a chief, fr. praeponere to +place before: cf. AS. prfost, prfast. See Preposition, and cf. +Propound.] 1. A person who is appointed to superintend, or preside +over, something; the chief magistrate in some cities and towns; as, the +provost of Edinburgh or of Glasgow, answering to the mayor of other +cities; the provost of a college, answering to president; the provost +or head of certain collegiate churches. + +2. The keeper of a prison. [Obs.] Shak. + +In France, formerly, a provost was an inferior judge who had cognizance +of civil causes. The grand provost of France, or of the household, had +jurisdiction in the king's house, and over its officers. + +Provost marshal (often pronounced &?;). (a) (Mil.) An officer appointed +in every army, in the field, to secure the prisoners confined on +charges of a general nature. He also performs such other duties +pertaining to police and discipline as the regulations of the service +or the commander's orders impose upon him. (b) (Nav.) An officer who +has charge of prisoners on trial by court-martial, serves notices to +witnesses, etc. + +Prov"ost*ship, n. The office of a provost. + +Prow (?), n. [F. proue (cf. Sp. & Pg. proa, It. prua), L. prora, Gr. +&?;, akin to &?; before. See Pro-, and cf. Prore.] The fore part of a +vessel; the bow; the stem; hence, the vessel itself. Wordsworth. + + The floating vessel swum Uplifted, and secure with beaked prow rode + tilting o'er the waves. + + +Milton. + +Prow (?), n. See Proa. + +Prow, a. [Compar. Prower (?); superl. Prowest.] [OF. prou, preu, F. +preux, fr. L. pro, prod, in prodesse to be useful. See Pro-, and cf. +Prude.] Valiant; brave; gallant; courageous. [Archaic] Tennyson. + + The prowest knight that ever field did fight. + + +Spenser. + +Prow, n. [OE. & OF. prou. See Prow, a.] Benefit; profit; good; +advantage. [Obs.] + + That shall be for your hele and for your prow. + + +Chaucer. + +Prow"ess (?), n. [OF. proece, proesce, F. prouesse. See Prow, a.] +Distinguished bravery; valor; especially, military bravery and skill; +gallantry; intrepidity; fearlessness. Chaucer. Sir P. Sidney. + + He by his prowess conquered all France. + + +Shak. + +Prowl (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Prowled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Prowling.] +[OE. prollen to search about; of uncertain origin, perh. for proglen, a +dim. of prog to beg, or proke to poke. Cf. Proke.] 1. To rove over, +through, or about in a stealthy manner; esp., to search in, as for prey +or booty. + + He prowls each place, still in new colors decked. + + +Sir P. Sidney. + +2. To collect by plunder; as, to prowl money. [Obs.] + +Prowl, v. i. To rove or wander stealthily, esp. for prey, as a wild +beast; hence, to prey; to plunder. + +Prowl, n. The act of prowling. [Colloq.] Smart. + +Prowl"er (?), n. One that prowls. Thomson. + +Prowl"ing, a. Accustomed to prowl, or engaged in roving stealthily, as +for prey. "A prowling wolf." Milton. -- Prowl"ing*ly, adv. + +Prox (?), n. [Cf. Proxy.] "The ticket or list of candidates at +elections, presented to the people for their votes." [Rhode Island] +Bartlett. + +Prox"ene (?), n. [Cf. &?;; &?; before + &?; a guest, stranger: cf. F. +proxËne.] (Gr. Antiq.) An officer who had the charge of showing +hospitality to those who came from a friendly city or state. + +Prox"e*net (?), n. [L. proxeneta, Gr. &?;.] A negotiator; a factor. +[R.] Dr. H. More. + +Prox"i*mad (?), adv. [Proximal + L. ad to.] (Anat.) Toward a proximal +part; on the proximal side of; proximally. + +Prox"i*mal (?), a. 1. Toward or nearest, as to a body, or center of +motion of dependence; proximate. + +2. (Biol.) (a) Situated near the point of attachment or origin; as, the +proximal part of a limb. (b) Of or pertaining to that which is +proximal; as, the proximal bones of a limb. Opposed to distal. + +Prox"i*mal*ly, adv. (Anat.) On or toward a proximal part; proximad. + +Prox"i*mate (?), a. [L. proximatus, p. p. of proximare to come near, to +approach, fr. proximus the nearest, nest, superl. of propior nearer, +and prope, adv., near.] Nearest; next immediately preceding or +following. "Proximate ancestors." J. S. Harford. + + The proximate natural causes of it [the deluge]. + + +T. Burnet. + +Proximate analysis (Chem.), an analysis which determines the proximate +principles of any substance, as contrasted with an ultimate analysis. +-- Proximate cause. (a) A cause which immediately precedes and produces +the effect, as distinguished from the remote, mediate, or predisposing +cause. I. Watts. (b) That which in ordinary natural sequence produces a +specific result, no independent disturbing agencies intervening. -- +Proximate principle (Physiol. Chem.), one of a class of bodies existing +ready formed in animal and vegetable tissues, and separable by chemical +analysis, as albumin, sugar, collagen, fat, etc. + +Syn. -- Nearest; next; closest; immediate; direct. + +Prox"i*mate*ly, adv. In a proximate manner, position, or degree; +immediately. + +Prox"ime (?), a. [L. proximus. See Proximate.] Next; immediately +preceding or following. [Obs.] + +Prox*im"i*ous (?), a. Proximate. [Obs.] + +Prox*im"i*ty (?), n. [L. proximitas: cf. F. proximitÈ See Proximate, +and cf. Propinquity, Approach.] The quality or state of being next in +time, place, causation, influence, etc.; immediate nearness, either in +place, blood, or alliance. + + If he plead proximity of blood That empty title is with ease + withstood. + + +Dryden. + +Prox"i*mo (?). [L., on the next, abl. of proximus next.] In the next +month after the present; -- often contracted to prox.; as, on the 3d +proximo. + +Prox"y (?), n.; pl. Proxies (#). [Contr. from procuracy. Cf. Proctor.] +1. The agency for another who acts through the agent; authority to act +for another, esp. to vote in a legislative or corporate capacity. + + I have no man's proxy: I speak only for myself. + + +Burke. + +2. The person who is substituted or deputed to act or vote for another. + + Every peer . . . may make another lord of parliament his proxy, to + vote for him in his absence. + + +Blackstone. + +3. A writing by which one person authorizes another to vote in his +stead, as in a corporation meeting. + +4. (Eng. Law) The written appointment of a proctor in suits in the +ecclesiastical courts. Burrill. + +5. (Eccl.) See Procuration. [Obs.] + +Prox"y, v. i. To act or vote by proxy; to do anything by the agency of +another. [R.] + +Prox"y*ship, n. The office or agency of a proxy. + +Pruce (?), n. [OE. for Prussia: cf. F. Prusse.] Prussian leather. +[Obs.] Dryden. + +<! p. 1156 !> + +Prude (?), n. [F., prudish, originally, discreet, modest; shortened +from OF. prudefeme, preudefeme, a discreet or excellent woman; OF. +preu, prou, excellent, brave + de of + fete woman. See Prow, a., +Prowess.] A woman of affected modesty, reserve, or coyness; one who is +overscrupulous or sensitive; one who affects extraordinary prudence in +conduct and speech. + + Less modest than the speech of prudes. + + +Swift. + +Pru"dence (?), n. [F., fr. L. prudentia, contr. from providentia. See +Prudent, and cf. Providence.] The quality or state of being prudent; +wisdom in the way of caution and provision; discretion; carefulness; +hence, also, economy; frugality. + + Prudence is principally in reference to actions to be done, and due + means, order, seasons, and method of doing or not doing. + + +Sir M. Hale. + + Prudence supposes the value of the end to be assumed, and refers + only to the adaptation of the means. It is the relation of right + means for given ends. + + +Whewell. + +Syn. -- Wisdom; forecast; providence; considerateness; judiciousness; +discretion; caution; circumspection; judgment. See Wisdom. + +Pru"den*cy (?), n. Prudence. [Obs.] Hakluyt. + +Pru"dent (?), a. [L. prudens, -entis, contr. from providens: cf. F. +prudent. See Provident.] 1. Sagacious in adapting means to ends; +circumspect in action, or in determining any line of conduct; +practically wise; judicious; careful; discreet; sensible; -- opposed to +rash; as, a prudent man; dictated or directed by prudence or wise +forethought; evincing prudence; as, prudent behavior. + + Moses established a grave and prudent law. + + +Milton. + +2. Frugal; economical; not extravagant; as, a prudent woman; prudent +expenditure of money. + +Syn. -- Cautious; wary; circumspect; considerate; discreet; judicious; +provident; economical; frugal. + +Pru*den"tial (?), a. 1. Proceeding from, or dictated or characterized +by, prudence; prudent; discreet; sometimes, selfish or pecuniary as +distinguished from higher motives or influences; as, prudential +motives. " A prudential line of conduct." Sir W. Scott. + +2. Exercising prudence; discretionary; advisory; superintending or +executive; as, a prudential committee. + +Pru*den"tial, n. That which relates to or demands the exercise of, +discretion or prudence; -- usually in the pl. + + Many stanzas, in poetic measures, contain rules relating to common + prudentials as well as to religion. + + +I. Watts. + +Pru*den"tial*ist, n. One who is governed by, or acts from, prudential +motives. [R.] Coleridge. + +Pru*den`ti*al"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being prudential. +Sir T. Browne. + +Pru*den"tial*ly (?), adv. In a prudential manner; prudently. South. + +Pru"dent*ly (?), adv. In a prudent manner. + +Prud"er*y (?), n.; pl. Pruderies (#). [F. pruderie. See Prude.] The +quality or state of being prudish; excessive or affected scrupulousness +in speech or conduct; stiffness; coyness. Cowper. + +Prud*homme" (?), n. [F. prud'homme. cf. Prude.] A trustworthy citizen; +a skilled workman. See Citation under 3d Commune, 1. + +Prud"ish (?), a. Like a prude; very formal, precise, or reserved; +affectedly severe in virtue; as, a prudish woman; prudish manners. + + A formal lecture, spoke with prudish face. + + +Garrick. + +Prud"ish*ly, adv. In a prudish manner. + +Pru"i*nate (?), a. Same as Pruinose. + +Pru"i*nose` (?), a. [L. pruinosus, fr. pruina hoarfrost.] Frosty; +covered with fine scales, hairs, dust, bloom, or the like, so as to +give the appearance of frost. + +Pru"i*nous (?), a. Frosty; pruinose. + +Prune (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pruned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pruning.] +[OE. proine, probably fr. F. provigner to lay down vine stocks for +propagation; hence, probably, the meaning, to cut away superfluous +shoots. See Provine.] 1. To lop or cut off the superfluous parts, +branches, or shoots of; to clear of useless material; to shape or +smooth by trimming; to trim: as, to prune trees; to prune an essay. +Thackeray. + + Taking into consideration how they [laws] are to be pruned and + reformed. + + +Bacon. + + Our delightful task To prune these growing plants, and tend these + flowers. + + +Milton. + +2. To cut off or cut out, as useless parts. + + Horace will our superfluous branches prune. + + +Waller. + +3. To preen; to prepare; to dress. Spenser. + + His royal bird Prunes the immortal wing and cloys his beak. + + +Shak. + +Prune, v. i. To dress; to prink; - used humorously or in contempt. +Dryden. + +Prune, n. [F. prune, from L. prunum a plum. See Plum.] A plum; esp., a +dried plum, used in cookery; as, French or Turkish prunes; California +prunes. + +German prune (Bot.), a large dark purple plum, of oval shape, often +one-sided. It is much used for preserving, either dried or in sirup. -- +Prune tree. (Bot.) (a) A tree of the genus Prunus (P. domestica), which +produces prunes. (b) The West Indian tree, Prunus occidentalis. -- +South African prune (Bot.), the edible fruit of a sapindaceous tree +(Pappea Capensis). + +||Pru*nel"la (?), n. [NL., perhaps from G. brÊune quinsy, croup.] +||(Med.) (a) Angina, or angina pectoris. (b) Thrush. + +Prunella salt (Old Chem.), niter fused and cast into little balls. + +{ Pru*nel"la, Pru*nel"lo, } n. [F. prunelle, probably so called from +its color resembling that of prunes. See Prune, n.] A smooth woolen +stuff, generally black, used for making shoes; a kind of lasting; -- +formerly used also for clergymen's gowns. + +Pru*nelle" (?), n. [F., dim. of prune. See Prune, n.] A kind of small +and very acid French plum; -- applied especially to the stoned and +dried fruit. + +Pru*nel"lo (?), n. [F. prunelle, dim. of prune. See Prune a plum.] A +species of dried plum; prunelle. + +Prun"er (?), n. 1. One who prunes, or removes, what is superfluous. + +2. (Zoˆl.) Any one of several species of beetles whose larvÊ gnaw the +branches of trees so as to cause them to fall, especially the American +oak pruner (Asemum mústum), whose larva eats the pith of oak branches, +and when mature gnaws a circular furrow on the inside nearly to the +bark. When the branches fall each contains a pupa. + +Pru*nif"er*ous (?), a. [L. prunum a plum + -ferous.] Bearing plums. + +Prun"ing (?), n. 1. The act of trimming, or removing what is +superfluous. + +2. (Falconry) That which is cast off by bird in pruning her feathers; +leavings. Beau. & Fl. + +Pruning hook, or Pruning knife, cutting instrument used in pruning +trees, etc. -- Pruning shears, shears for pruning trees, vines, etc. + +||Pru"nus (?), n. [L., a plum tree.] (Bot.) A genus of trees with +||perigynous rosaceous flowers, and a single two-ovuled carpel which +||usually becomes a drupe in ripening. + +Originally, this genus was limited to the plums, then, by LinnÊus, was +made to include the cherries and the apricot. Later botanists separated +these into several genera, as Prunus, Cerasus, and Armeniaca, but now, +by Bentham and Hooker, the plums, cherries, cherry laurels, peach, +almond, and nectarine are all placed in Prunus. + +{ Pru"ri*ence (?), Pru"ri*en*cy (?), } n. The quality or state of being +prurient. + + The pruriency of curious ears. + + +Burke. + + There is a prurience in the speech of some. + + +Cowper. + +Pru"ri*ent (?), a. [L. pruries, - entis, p. pr. of prurire to itch. Cf. +Freeze.] Uneasy with desire; itching; especially, having a lascivious +curiosity or propensity; lustful. -- Pru"ri*ent*ly, adv. + + The eye of the vain and prurient is darting from object to object + of illicit attraction. + + +I. Taylor. + +Pru*rig"i*nous (?), a. [L. pruriginosus: cf. F. prurigineux.] (Med.) +Tending to, or caused by, prurigo; affected by, or of the nature of, +prurigo. + +||Pru*ri"go (?), n. [L., an itching, the itch, fr. prurire to itch.] +||(Med.) A papular disease of the skin, of which intense itching is the +||chief symptom, the eruption scarcely differing from the healthy +||cuticle in color. + +||Pru*ri"tus (?), n. [L.] (Med.) Itching. + +Prus"sian (?), a. [From Prussia, the country: cf. F. prussien.] Of or +pertaining to Prussia. -- n. A native or inhabitant of Prussia. + +Prussian blue (Chem.), any one of several complex double cyanides of +ferrous and ferric iron; specifically, a dark blue amorphous substance +having a coppery luster, obtained by adding a solution of potassium +ferrocyanide (yellow prussiate of potash) to a ferric salt. It is used +in dyeing, in ink, etc. Called also Williamson's blue, insoluble +Prussian blue, Berlin blue, etc. -- Prussian carp (Zoˆl.) See Gibel. -- +Prussian green. (Chem.) Same as Berlin green, under Berlin. + +Prus"si*ate (?), n. [Cf. F. prussiate.] (Chem.) A salt of prussic acid; +a cyanide. + +Red prussiate of potash. See Potassium ferricyanide, under +Ferricyanide. -- Yellow prussiate of potash. See Potassium +ferrocyanide, under Ferrocyanide. + +Prus"sic (?), a. [Cf. F. prussique.] (Old Chem.) designating the acid +now called hydrocyanic acid, but formerly called prussic acid, because +Prussian blue is derived from it or its compounds. See Hydrocyanic. + +Pru*ten"ic (?), a. (Astron.) Prussian; -- applied to certain +astronomical tables published in the sixteenth century, founded on the +principles of Copernicus, a Prussian. + +Pry (?), n. [Corrupted fr. prize a lever. See Prize, n.] A lever; also, +leverage. [Local, U. S. & Eng.] + +Pry pole, the pole which forms the prop of a hoisting gin, and stands +facing the windlass. + +Pry, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pried (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Prying.] To raise +or move, or attempt to raise or move, with a pry or lever; to prize. +[Local, U. S. & Eng.] + +Pry, v. i. [OE. prien. Cf. Peer to peep.] To peep narrowly; to gaze; to +inspect closely; to attempt to discover something by a scrutinizing +curiosity; -- often implying reproach. " To pry upon the stars." +Chaucer. + + Watch thou and wake when others be asleep, To pry into the secrets + of the state. + + +Shak. + +Pry, n. Curious inspection; impertinent peeping. + +Pry"an (?), n. (Mining) See Prian. + +Pry"ing, a. Inspecting closely or impertinently. + +Syn. -- Inquisitive; curious. See Inquisitive. + +Pry"ing*ly, adv. In a prying manner. + +||Pryt`a*ne"um (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?; prytanis.] (Gr. +||Antiq.) A public building in certain Greek cities; especially, a +||public hall in Athens regarded as the home of the community, in which +||official hospitality was extended to distinguished citizens and +||strangers. + +||Pryt"a*nis (?), n.; pl. Prytanes (#). [L., fr. Gr. &?;.] (Gr. Antiq.) +||A member of one of the ten sections into which the Athenian senate of +||five hundred was divided, and to each of which belonged the +||presidency of the senate for about one tenth of the year. + +Pryt"a*ny (?), n. [Gr. &?;.] (Gr. Antiq.) The period during which the +presidency of the senate belonged to the prytanes of the section. + +Pryth"ee (?), interj. See Prithee. + +Psalm (?), n. [OE. psalm, salm, AS. sealm, L. psalmus, psalma, fr. Gr. +&?;, &?;, fr. &?; to pull, twitch, to play upon a stringed instrument, +to sing to the harp: cf. OF. psalme, salme, F. psaume.] 1. A sacred +song; a poetical composition for use in the praise or worship of God. + + Humus devout and holy psalms Singing everlastingly. + + +Milton. + +2. Especially, one of the hymns by David and others, collected into one +book of the Old Testament, or a modern metrical version of such a hymn +for public worship. + +Psalm, v. t. To extol in psalms; to sing; as, psalming his praises. +Sylvester. + +Psalm"ist (?), n. [L. psalmista, Gr. &?;: cf. F. psalmiste. See Psalm.] +1. A writer or composer of sacred songs; -- a title particularly +applied to David and the other authors of the Scriptural psalms. + +2. (R. C. Ch.) A clerk, precentor, singer, or leader of music, in the +church. + +Psalm"ist*ry (?), n. The use of psalms in devotion; psalmody. + +{ Psal*mod"ic (?), Psal*mod"ic*al (?), } a. [Cf. F. psalmodique.] +Relating to psalmody. + +Psal"mo*dist (?), n. One who sings sacred songs; a psalmist. + +Psal"mo*dize (?), v. i. To practice psalmody. " The psalmodizing art." +J. G. Cooper. + +Psal"mo*dy (?), n. [Gr. &?;; &?; psalm + &?; a song, an ode: cf. F. +psalmodie, LL. psalmodia. See Psalm, and Ode.] The act, practice, or +art of singing psalms or sacred songs; also, psalms collectively, or a +collection of psalms. + +Psal"mo*graph (?), n. [See Psalmographer.] A writer of psalms; a +psalmographer. + +{ Psal*mog"ra*pher (?), Psal*mog"ra*phist (?), } n. [L. psalmographus, +Gr. &?;; &?; a psalm + &?; to write.] A writer of psalms, or sacred +songs and hymns. + +Psal*mog"ra*phy (?), n. [Cf. F. psalmographie.] The act or practice of +writing psalms, or sacred songs. + +Psal"ter (?), n. [OE. psauter, sauter, OF. sautier, psaltier, F. +psautier, from L. psalterium. See Psaltery.] 1. The Book of Psalms; -- +often applied to a book containing the Psalms separately printed. + +2. Specifically, the Book of Psalms as printed in the Book of Common +Prayer; among the Roman Catholics, the part of the Breviary which +contains the Psalms arranged for each day of the week. + +3. (R. C. Ch.) A rosary, consisting of a hundred and fifty beads, +corresponding to the number of the psalms. + +Psal*te"ri*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to the psalterium. + +||Psal*te"ri*um (?), n.; pl. Psalteria (#). [L., a psaltery.] (Anat.) +||(a) The third stomach of ruminants. See Manyplies. (b) The lyra of +||the brain. + +Psal"ter*y (?), n.; pl. Psalteries (#). [OE. sautrie, OF. psalterie, F. +psaltÈrion, L. psalterium psaltery, psalter, from Gr. &?;, fr. &?;. See +Psalm, Psalter.] A stringed instrument of music used by the Hebrews, +the form of which is not known. + + Praise the Lord with harp; sing unto him with the psaltery and an + instrument of ten strings. + + +Ps. xxxiii. 2. + +Psam"mite (?), n. [Gr. &?; sandy, from &?; sand: cf. F. psammite.] +(Min.) A species of micaceous sandstone. -- Psam*mit"ic (#), a. + +Psar"o*lite (?), n. [Gr. &?; speckled + -lite.] (Paleon.) A silicified +stem of tree fern, found in abundance in the Triassic sandstone. + +Psel"lism (?), n. [Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to stammer.] Indistinct +pronunciation; stammering. + +Pse"phism (?), n. [Gr. &?; a decree, fr. &?; to vote with a pebble, fr. +&?; pebble.] (Gr. Antiq.) A proposition adopted by a majority of votes; +especially, one adopted by vote of the Athenian people; a statute. J. +P. Mahaffy. + +||Pseu`dÊs*the"si*a (?), n. [NL. See Pseudo-, and ∆sthesia.] (Physiol.) +||False or imaginary feeling or sense perception such as occurs in +||hypochondriasis, or such as is referred to an organ that has been +||removed, as an amputated foot. + +Pseu*dem"bry*o (?), n. [Pseudo- + embryo.] (Zoˆl.) (a) A false embryo. +(b) An asexual form from which the true embryo is produced by budding. + +{ Pseu*dep`i*graph"ic (?), Pseu*dep`i*graph"ic (?), } a. Of or +pertaining to pseudepigraphy. + +Pseu`de*pig"ra*phous (?), a. [Gr. &?; falsely inscribed. See Pseudo-, +and Epigraphy.] Inscribed with a false name. Cudworth. + +Pseu`de*pig"ra*phy (?), n. The ascription of false names of authors to +works. + +Pseud*hÊ"mal (?), a. [Pseudo- + hÊmal.] (Zoˆl.) Pertaining to the +vascular system of annelids. + +PseudhÊmal fluid, the circulatory fluid, or blood, of annelids, +analogous to the blood of vertebrates. It is often red, but is +sometimes green or colorless. -- PseudhÊmal vessels, the blood vessels +of annelids. + +Pseu"do- (?). [Gr. pseydh`s lying, false, akin to psey`dein to belie; +cf. psydro`s lying, psy`qos a lie.] A combining form or prefix +signifying false, counterfeit, pretended, spurious; as, pseudo-apostle, +a false apostle; pseudo-clergy, false or spurious clergy; +pseudo-episcopacy, pseudo- form, pseudo-martyr, pseudo-philosopher. +Also used adjectively. + +Pseu`do*bac*te"ri*a (?), n. pl. [Pseudo- + bacteria.] (Biol.) +Microscopic organic particles, molecular granules, powdered inorganic +substances, etc., which in form, size, and grouping resemble bacteria. + +The globules which divide and develop in form of chains are organized +beings; when this does not occur, we are dealing with pseudobacteria. +Sternberg. + +<! p. 1157 !> + +||Pseu`do*blep"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. pseydh`s false + ble`psis +||sight.] (Med.) False or depraved sight; imaginary vision of objects. +||Forsyth. + +Pseu"do*branch (?), n. (Anat.) Same as Pseudobranchia. + +||Pseu`do*bran"chi*a (?), n.; pl. PseudobranchiÊ (#). [NL. See Pseudo-, +||and Branchia.] (Anat.) A rudimentary branchia, or gill. -- +||Pseu`do*bran"chi*al (#), a. + +Pseu"do-bulb` (?), n. [Pseudo- + bulb.] (Bot.) An aÎrial corm, or +thickened stem, as of some epiphytic orchidaceous plants. + +Pseu"do*carp (?), n. [Pseudo- + Gr. &?; fruit.] (Bot.) That portion of +an anthocarpous fruit which is not derived from the ovary, as the soft +part of a strawberry or of a fig. + +Pseu`do-chi"na (?), n. [Pseudo- + china.] (Bot.) The false china root, +a plant of the genus Smilax (S. Pseudo-china), found in America. + +Pseu"do*cúle (?), n. Same as Pseudocúlia. + +||Pseu`do*cú"li*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. pseydh`s false + &?; hollow.] +||(Anat.) The fifth ventricle in the mammalian brain. See Ventricle. B. +||G. Wilder. + +Pseu"do-cone` (?), n. [Pseudo- + cone.] (Zoˆl.) One of the soft +gelatinous cones found in the compound eyes of certain insects, taking +the place of the crystalline cones of others. + +Pseu`do-cu"mene (?), n. [Pseudo- + cumene.] (Chem.) A hydrocarbon of +the aromatic series, metameric with mesitylene and cumene, found in +coal tar, and obtained as a colorless liquid. + +Pseu`do-dip"ter*al (?), a. [Pseudo- + dipteral: cf. F. pseudodiptËre.] +(Arch.) Falsely or imperfectly dipteral, as a temple with the inner +range of columns surrounding the cella omitted, so that the space +between the cella wall and the columns is very great, being equal to +two intercolumns and one column. -- n. A pseudo-dipteral temple. + +Pseu"do*dox (?), a. [Gr. pseydo`doxos; pseydh`s false + do`xa an +opinion.] Not true in opinion or doctrine; false. -- n. A false opinion +or doctrine. "To maintain the atheistical pseudodox which judgeth evil +good, and darkness light." T. Adams. + +||Pseu`do*fi*la"ri*a (?), n.; pl. Pseudofilari&?; (#). [NL. See +||Pseudo-, and Filaria.] (Zoˆl.) One of the two elongated vibratile +||young formed by fission of the embryo during the development of +||certain GregarinÊ. + +Pseu`do-ga*le"na (?), n. [Pseudo- + galena.] (Min.) False galena, or +blende. See Blende (a). + +Pseu"do*graph (?), n. [See Pseudography.] A false writing; a spurious +document; a forgery. + +Pseu*dog"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr. &?;; pseydh`s false + &?; to write.] False +writing; forgery. + +||Pseu`do*hal"ter (?), n.; pl. Pseudohalteres (#). [NL. See Pseudo-, +||and Halteres.] (Zoˆl.) One of the rudimentary front wings of certain +||insects (Stylops). They resemble the halteres, or rudimentary hind +||wings, of Diptera. + +Pseu"do-heart` (?), n. [Pseudo- + heart.] (Zoˆl.) Any contractile +vessel of invertebrates which is not of the nature of a real heart, +especially one of those pertaining to the excretory system. + +Pseu`do-hy`per*thoph"ic (?), a. [Pseudo- + hypertrophic.] (Med.) +Falsely hypertrophic; as, pseudo-hypertrophic paralysis, a variety of +paralysis in which the muscles are apparently enlarged, but are really +degenerated and replaced by fat. + +Pseu*dol"o*gist (?), n. [Gr. &?;.] One who utters falsehoods; a liar. + +Pseu*dol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. &?;; pseydh`s false + &?; speech: cf. F. +pseudologie.] Falsehood of speech. Arbuthnot. + +Pseu`do-me*tal"lic (?), a. [Pseudo- + metallic.] Falsely or +imperfectly metallic; -- said of a kind of luster, as in minerals. + +Pseu`do-mon`o*cot`y*led"on*ous (?), a. [Pseudo- + monocotyledonous.] +(Bot.) Having two coalescent cotyledons, as the live oak and the horse- +chestnut. + +Pseu"do*morph (?), n. [See Pseudomorphous.] 1. An irregular or +deceptive form. + +2. (Crystallog.) A pseudomorphous crystal, as a crystal consisting of +quartz, but having the cubic form of fluor spar, the fluor crystal +having been changed to quartz by a process of substitution. + +Pseu`do*mor"phism (?), n. (Crystallog.) The state of having, or the +property of taking, a crystalline form unlike that which belongs to the +species. + +Pseu`do*mor"phous (?), a. [Gr. &?;; pseydh`s false + &?; form: cf. F. +pseudomorphe.] Not having the true form. + +Pseudomorphous crystal, one which has a form that does not result from +its own powers of crystallization. + +||Pseu`do*nav`i*cel"la (?), n.; pl. PseudonavicullÊ (#). [NL.] (Zoˆl.) +||Same as Pseudonavicula. + +||Pseu`do*na*vic"u*la (?), n.; pl. PseudonaviculÊ (#). [NL., fr. Gr. +||pseydh`s false + NL. navicula, a genus of diatoms. See Navicular.] +||(Zoˆl.) One of the minute spindle-shaped embryos of GregarinÊ and +||some other Protozoa. + +||Pseu`do*neu*rop"te*ra (?), n. pl. [NL. See Pseudo-, and Neuroptera.] +||(Zoˆl.) division of insects (Zoˆl.) reticulated wings, as in the +||Neuroptera, but having an active pupa state. It includes the dragon +||flies, May flies, white ants, etc. By some zoˆlogists they are +||classed with the Orthoptera; by others, with the Neuroptera. + +Pseu`do*neu*rop"ter*ous (?), a. (Zool.) Of or pertaining to the +Pseudoneuroptera. + +Pseu"do*nym (?), n. [Cf. F. pseudonyme. See Pseudonymous.] A fictitious +name assumed for the time, as by an author; a pen name. [Written also +pseudonyme.] + +Pseu`do*nym"i*ty (?), n. The using of fictitious names, as by authors. + +Pseu*don"y*mous (?), a. [Gr. &?;; pseydh`s false + &?;, &?;, a name: +cf. F. pseudonyme. See Pseudo-, and Name.] Bearing a false or +fictitious name; as, a pseudonymous work. -- Pseu*don"y*mous*ly, adv. +-- Pseu*don"y*mous*ness, n. + +Pseu`do-pe*rip"ter*al (?), a. [Pseudo- + peripteral: cf. F. +pseudopÈriptËre.] (Arch.) Falsely or imperfectly peripteral, as a +temple having the columns at the sides attached to the walls, and an +ambulatory only at the ends or only at one end. -- n. A +pseudo-peripteral temple. Oxf. Gloss. + +||Pseu"do*pod (?), n. [Pseudo- + -pod.] 1. (Biol.) Any protoplasmic +||filament or irregular process projecting from any unicellular +||organism, or from any animal or plant call. + +2. (Zoˆl.) A rhizopod. + +Pseu`do*po"di*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to a pseudopod, or to +pseudopodia. See Illust. of Heliozoa. + +||Pseu`do*po"di*um (?), n.; pl. Pseudopodia (&?;). [NL.] Same as +||Pseudopod. + +||Pseu`do*pu"pa (?), n.; pl. L. PseudopupÊ (#), E. Pseudopupas (#). +||[NL. See Pseudo-, and Pupa.] (Zoˆl.) A stage intermediate between the +||larva and pupa of bees and certain other hymenopterous insects. + +Pseu`do*rhab"dite (?), n. [Pseudo- + Gr. &?; a rod.] (Zoˆl.) One of +the peculiar rodlike corpuscles found in the integument of certain +Turbellaria. They are filled with a soft granular substance. + +Pseu`do-ro*man"tic (?), a. Pseudo- + romantic.] Falsely romantic. + + The false taste, the pseudo-romantic rage. + + +De Quincey. + +Pseu"do*scope (?), n. [Pseudo- + -scope.] (Opt.) An instrument which +exhibits objects with their proper relief reversed; -- an effect +opposite to that produced by the stereoscope. Wheatstone. + +Pseu`do*scop"ic (?), a. (Opt.) Of, pertaining to, or formed by, a +pseudoscope; having its parts appearing with the relief reversed; as, a +pseudoscopic image. + +||Pseu`do*scor`pi*o"nes (?), n. pl. [NL. See Pseudo-, and Scorpion.] +||(Zoˆl.) An order of Arachnoidea having the palpi terminated by large +||claws, as in the scorpions, but destitute of a caudal sting; the +||false scorpions. Called also Pseudoscorpii, and Pseudoscorpionina. +||See Illust. of Book scorpion, under Book. + +Pseu"do*sphere` (?), n. [Pseudo- + sphere.] (Geom.) The surface of +constant negative curvature generated by the revolution of a tractrix. +This surface corresponds in non-Euclidian space to the sphere in +ordinary space. An important property of the surface is that any figure +drawn upon it can be displaced in any way without tearing it or +altering in size any of its elements. + +Pseu"do*spore` (?), n. [Pseudo- + spore.] (Bot.)A peculiar reproductive +cell found in some fungi. + +||Pseu`do*stel"la (?), n.; pl. -lÊ. [NL., fr. Gr. pseydh`s false + L. +||stella star.] (Astron.) Any starlike meteor or phenomenon. [R.] + +||Pseu*dos"to*ma (?), n.; pl. Pseudostomata (#). [NL. See Pseudo-, and +||Stoma.] (Anat.) A group of cells resembling a stoma, but without any +||true aperture among them. + +Pseu`do-sym*met"ric (?), a. (Crystallog.) Exhibiting pseudo-symmetry. + +Pseu`do-sym"me*try (?), n. [Pseudo- + symmetry.] (Crystallog.) A kind +of symmetry characteristic of certain crystals which from twinning, or +other causes, come to resemble forms of a system other than that to +which they belong, as the apparently hexagonal prisms of aragonite. + +||Pseu`do*te*tram"e*ra (?), n. pl. [NL. See Pseudo-, and Tetramerous.] +||(Zoˆl.) A division of beetles having the fifth tarsal joint minute +||and obscure, so that there appear to be but four joints. -- +||Pseu`do*te*tram"er*al (#), a. + +||Pseu`do*tin"e*a (&?;), n.; pl. PseudotineÊ (#). [NL. See Pseudo-, and +||Tinea.] (Zoˆl.) The bee moth, or wax moth (Galleria). + +Pseu`do*tur"bi*nal (?), a. [Pseudo- + turbinal.] (Anat.) See under +Turbinal. + +Pseu*do"va*ry (?), n.; pl. Pseudovaries (#). [Pseudo- + ovary.] (Zoˆl.) +The organ in which pseudova are produced; -- called also pseudovarium. + +||Pseu*do"vum (?), n.; pl. Pseudova (#). [NL. See Pseudo-, and Ovum.] +||(Zoˆl.) An egglike germ produced by the agamic females of some +||insects and other animals, and by the larvÊ of certain insects. It is +||capable of development without fertilization. See Illust. of +||PÊdogenesis. + +Pshaw (?), interj. [Of imitative origin.] Pish! pooch! -- an +exclamation used as an expression of contempt, disdain, dislike, etc. +[Written also psha.] + +Pshaw (?), v. i. To express disgust or contemptuous disapprobation, as +by the exclamation " Pshaw!" + + The goodman used regularly to frown and pshaw wherever this topic + was touched upon. + + +Sir W. Scott. + +Psi`lan*throp"ic (?), a. [see Psilanthropist.] Pertaining to, or +embodying, psilanthropy. "A psilanthropic explanation." Coleridge. + +Psi*lan"thro*pism (?), n. Psilanthropy. + +Psi*lan"thro*pist (?), n. [Gr. &?; bare, mere + &?; a man.] One who +believes that Christ was a mere man. Smart. + +Psi*lan"thro*py (?), n. The doctrine of the merely human existence of +Christ. + +Psi*lol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr &?; mere + - logy.] Love of empty of empty +talk or noise. Coleridge. + +Psi*lom"e*lane (?), n. [Gr. &?; bare + &?;, &?;, black.] (Min.) A +hydrous oxide of manganese, occurring in smooth, botryoidal forms, and +massive, and having an iron-black or steel-gray color. + +||Psi`lo*pÊ"des (?), n. pl. [NL., from Gr.&?; bare + &?;, &?;, +||offspring.] (Zoˆl.) birds whose young at first have down on the +||pterylÊ only; - - called also GymnopÊdes. + +Psi`lo*pÊd"ic (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Having down upon the pterylÊ only; -- +said of the young of certain birds. + +Psi*los"o*pher, n. [Gr. &?; bare, mere + &?; wise.] A superficial or +narrow pretender to philosophy; a sham philosopher. + +{ Psit*ta"ceous (?), Psit"ta*cid (?), } a. [L. psittacus a parrot, Gr. +&?;: cf. F. psittacide.] (Zoˆl.) Of or pertaining to the parrots, or +the Psittaci. -- n. One of the Psittaci. + +||Psit"ta*ci (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zoˆl.) The order of birds which +||comprises the parrots. + +Psit`ta-co-ful"*vine (?), n. [Gr. &?; a parrot + L. fulvus yellow.] A +yellow pigment found in the feathers of certain parrots. + +Pso"as (?), n. [Gr. &?; a muscle of the loin: cf. f. psoas.] (Anat.) An +internal muscle arising from the lumbar vertebrÊ and inserted into the +femur. In man there are usually two on each side, and the larger one, +or great psoas, forms a part of the iliopsoas. + +||Pso"ra (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?;.] (Med.) A cutaneous disease; +||especially, the itch. + +||Pso*ri"a*sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?; psora.] (Med.) (a) +||The state of being affected with psora. [Obs.] (b) A cutaneous +||disease, characterized by imbricated silvery scales, affecting only +||the superficial layers of the skin. + +Pso"ric (?), a. [L. psoricus, Gr. &?;: cf. F. psorique.] (Med.) Of or +pertaining to psora. + +Pso"ro*sperm (?), n. [Gr. &?; itching + &?; seed.] (Zoˆl.) A minute +parasite, usually the young of GregarinÊ, in the pseudonavicula stage. + +Psy`cha*gog"ic (?), a. [Gr. &?;. See Psychagogue.] Attractive; +persuasive. J. Morley. + +Psy"cha*gogue (?), n. [Gr.&?;; &?; the soul + &?; to lead.] A +necromancer. [R.] + +Psy"chal (?), a. [See Psychical.] Of or pertaining to the soul; +psychical. Bayne. + +Psy"che (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. PSychh` Psyche, fr. psychh` the soul.] 1. +(Class Myth.) A lovely maiden, daughter of a king and mistress of Eros, +or Cupid. She is regarded as the personification of the soul. + +2. The soul; the vital principle; the mind. + +3. [F. psychÈ.] A cheval glass. + +Psy"chi*an (?), n. (Zoˆl.) Any small moth of the genus Psyche and +allied genera (family PsychidÊ). The larvÊ are called basket worms. See +Basket worm, under Basket. + +{ ||Psy*chi`a*tri"a (?), Psy*chi"a*try (?), } n. [NL. psychiatria, fr. +Gr. &?; the mind + &?; healing.] (Med.) The application of the healing +art to mental diseases. Dunglison. + +Psy`chi*at"ric (?), a. (Med.) Of or pertaining to psychiatria. + +{ Psy"chic (?), Psy"chic*al (?), } a. [L. psychicus, Gr. &?;, fr. +psychh` the soul, mind; cf. &?; to blow: cf. F. psychique.] 1. Of or +pertaining to the human soul, or to the living principle in man. + +This term was formerly used to express the same idea as psychological. +Recent metaphysicians, however, have employed it to mark the difference +between psychh` the living principle in man, and pney^ma the rational +or spiritual part of his nature. In this use, the word describes the +human soul in its relation to sense, appetite, and the outer visible +world, as distinguished from spiritual or rational faculties, which +have to do with the supersensible world. Heyse. + +2. Of or pertaining to the mind, or its functions and diseases; mental; +-- contrasted with physical. + +Psychical blindness, Psychical deafness (Med.), forms of nervous +disease in which, while the senses of sight and hearing remain +unimpaired, the mind fails to appreciate the significance of the sounds +heard or the images seen. -- Psychical contagion, the transference of +disease, especially of a functional nervous disease, by mere force of +example. -- Psychical medicine, that department of medicine which +treats of mental diseases. + +Psy"chics (?), n. Psychology. + +Psy"chism (?), n. [Cf. F. psychisme.] (Philos.) The doctrine of Quesne, +that there is a fluid universally diffused, end equally animating all +living beings, the difference in their actions being due to the +difference of the individual organizations. Fleming. + +<! p. 1158 !> + +Psy"cho- (?). A combining form from Gr. psychh` the soul, the mind, the +understanding; as, psychology. + +Psy`cho*gen"e*sis (?), n. Genesis through an internal force, as opposed +to natural selection. + +Psy*chog"ra*phy (?), n. [Psycho- + -graphy.] 1. A description of the +phenomena of mind. + +2. (Spiritualism) Spirit writing. + +{ Psy`cho*log"ic (?), Psy`cho*log"ic*al (?), } a. [Cf. F. +psychologique.] Of or pertaining to psychology. See Note under Psychic. +-- Psy`cho*log"ic*al*ly, adv. + +Psy*chol"o*gist (?), n. [Cf. F. psychologiste.] One who is versed in, +devoted to, psychology. + +Psy"cho*logue (?), n. A psychologist. + +Psy*chol"o*gy (?), n. pl. Psychologies (&?;). [Psycho- + -logy: cf. F. +psychologie. See Psychical.] The science of the human soul; +specifically, the systematic or scientific knowledge of the powers and +functions of the human soul, so far as they are known by consciousness; +a treatise on the human soul. + + Psychology, the science conversant about the phenomena of the mind, + or conscious subject, or self. + + +Sir W. Hamilton. + +Psy*chom"a*chy (?), n. [L. psychomachia, fr. Gr. psychh` the soul + &?; +fight: cf. &?; desperate fighting.] A conflict of the soul with the +body. + +Psy"cho*man`cy (?), n. [Psycho- + -mancy: cf. F. psychomancie.] +Necromancy. + +Psy*chom"e*try (?), n. [Psycho- + -metry.] (Physiol.) The art of +measuring the duration of mental processes, or of determining the time +relations of mental phenomena. -- Psy`cho*met"ric (#), a. + +Psy`cho-mo"tor (?), a. [Psycho- + motor.] Of or pertaining to movement +produced by action of the mind or will. + +Psy"cho*pan"ny*chism (?), n. [Psycho- + Gr. &?; to spend all night +long; &?;, &?;, all + &?; night.] (Theol.) The doctrine that the soul +falls asleep at death, and does not wake until the resurrection of the +body. -- Psy`cho*pan"ny*chism (#), n. + +Psy*chop"a*thy (?), n. [Psycho- + Gr. &?;, &?;.] (Med.) Mental disease. +See Psychosis, 2. -- Psy`cho*path"ic, a. -- Psy*chop"a*thist, n. + +Psy`cho*phys"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to psychophysics; involving +the action or mutual relations of the psychical and physical in man. + +Psychophysical time (Physiol.), the time required for the mind to +transform a sensory impression into a motor impulse. It is an important +part of physiological or reaction time. See under Reaction. + +Psy`cho*phys"ics (?), n. [Psycho- + physics.] The science of the +connection between nerve action and consciousness; the science which +treats of the relations of the psychical and physical in their conjoint +operation in man; the doctrine of the relation of function or +dependence between body and soul. + +Psy"cho*pomp (?), n. [Gr. &?;; psychh` the soul + &?; to send: cf. F. +psychopompe.] (Myth.) A leader or guide of souls . J. Fiske. + +Psy*cho"sis (?), n. [NL. See Psycho- .] + +1. Any vital action or activity. Mivart. + +2. (Med.) A disease of the mind; especially, a functional mental +disorder, that is, one unattended with evident organic changes. + +Psy`cho*zo"ic (?), a. [Psycho- + Gr. &?; life.] (Geol.)Designating, or +applied to the Era of man; as, the psychozoic era. + +Psy*chrom"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. psychro`s cold + -meter: cf. F. +psychromËtre.] An instrument for measuring the tension of the aqueous +vapor in the atmosphere, being essentially a wet and dry bulb +hygrometer. + +Psy`chro*met"ric*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to the psychrometer or +psychrometry. + +Psy*chrom"e*try (?), n. Hygrometry. + +||Psyl"la (?), n.; pl. PsyllÊ (#). [NL., from Gr. &?; a flea.] (Zoˆl.) +||Any leaping plant louse of the genus Psylla, or family PsyllidÊ. + +Ptar"mi*gan (?), n. [Gael. tarmachan; cf. Ir. tarmochan, tarmonach.] +(Zoˆl.) Any grouse of the genus Lagopus, of which numerous species are +known. The feet are completely feathered. Most of the species are brown +in summer, but turn white, or nearly white, in winter. + +They chiefly inhabit the northern countries and high mountains of +Europe, Asia, and America. The common European species is Lagopus +mutus. The Scotch grouse, red grouse, or moor fowl (L. Scoticus), is +reddish brown, and does not turn white in winter. The white, or willow, +ptarmigan (L. albus) is found in both Europe and America. + +||Pte`no*glos"sa (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr.&?; feathered + &?; tongue.] +||(Zoˆl.) A division of gastropod mollusks having the teeth of the +||radula arranged in long transverse rows, somewhat like the barbs of a +||feather. + +Pte`no*glos"sate (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Of or pertaining to the Ptenoglossa. + +Pte*ran"o*don (?), n. [Gr. &?; wing + &?; priv. + &?;, &?;, a tooth.] +(Paleon.) A genus of American Cretaceous pterodactyls destitute of +teeth. Several species are known, some of which had an expanse of wings +of twenty feet or more. + +||Pte*ran`o*don"ti*a (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Paleon.) A group of +||pterodactyls destitute of teeth, as in the genus Pteranodon. + +||Pte*rich"thys (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; wing + &?; fish.] (Paleon.) A +||genus of Devonian fossil fishes with winglike appendages. The head +||and most of the body were covered with large bony plates. See +||Placodermi. + +Pter`i*dol"o*gist (?), n. One who is versed in pteridology. + +Pter`i*dol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. &?;, &?;, a fern + -logy.] That department +of botany which treats of ferns. + +Pter`i*do*ma"ni*a (?), n. [Gr. &?;, &?;, a fern + E. mania.] A madness, +craze, or strong fancy, for ferns. [R.] C. Kingsley. + +||Pter`i*doph"y*ta (?), n. pl. [NL., from Gr. &?;, &?;, a fern + &?; a +||plant.] (Bot.) A class of flowerless plants, embracing ferns, +||horsetails, club mosses, quillworts, and other like plants. See the +||Note under Cryptogamia. -- Pter"i*do*phyte` (#), n. + +This is a modern term, devised to replace the older ones acrogens and +vascular Cryptogamia. + +||Pter`o*bran"chi*a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a wing + &?; &?;.] +||(Zoˆl.) An order of marine Bryozoa, having a bilobed lophophore and +||an axial cord. The genus Rhabdopleura is the type. Called also +||Podostomata. See Rhabdopleura. + +||Pte*roc"e*ras (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a wing + &?; a horn.] (Zoˆl.) +||A genus of large marine gastropods having the outer border of the lip +||divided into lobes; -- called also scorpion shell. + +||Pter`o*cle"tes (?), n. pl. [NL., fr Pterocles, the typical genus, fr. +||Gr. &?; feather + &?;, &?;, a key, tongue of a clasp.] (Zoˆl.) A +||division of birds including the sand grouse. They are in some +||respects intermediate between the pigeons and true grouse. Called +||also PteroclomorphÊ. + +Pter`o*dac"tyl (?), n. [Gr. &?; a wing + &?; finger, toe: cf. F. +ptÈrodactyle.] (Paleon.) An extinct flying reptile; one of the +Pterosauria. See Illustration in Appendix. + +||Pter`o*dac"ty*li (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Paleon.) Same as Pterosauria. + +Pter`o*glos"sal (?), a. [Gr. &?; a feather + &?; tongue.] (Zoˆl.) +Having the tongue finely notched along the sides, so as to have a +featherlike appearance, as the toucans. + +Pte"ron (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a wing.] (Anat.) The region of the +skull, in the temporal fossa back of the orbit, where the great wing of +the sphenoid, the temporal, the parietal, and the frontal hones +approach each other. + +||Pter`o*pap"pi (?), n. pl. [NL., from Gr. &?; a feather, a bird + &?; +||a grandfather.] (Zool.) Same as OdontotormÊ. + +Pter"o*phore (?), n. [Gr. &?; a feather + &?; to bear.] (Zoˆl.) Any +moth of the genus Pterophorus and allied genera; a plume moth. See +Plume moth, under Plume. + +Pter"o*pod (?), n. [Gr. &?; wing-footed; &?; a feather, wing + &?;, +&?;, foot: cf. F. ptÈropode.] (Zoˆl.) One of the Pteropoda. + +||Pte*rop"o*da (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zoˆl.) A class of Mollusca in which +||the anterior lobes of the foot are developed in the form of broad, +||thin, winglike organs, with which they swim at near the surface of +||the sea. + +The Pteropoda are divided into two orders: Cymnosomata, which have the +body entirely naked and the head distinct from the wings; and +Thecosomata, which have a delicate transparent shell of various forms, +and the head not distinct from the wings. + +Pte*rop"o*dous (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Of or pertaining to the Pteropoda. + +Pter"o*saur (?), n. [Gr. &?; wind + &?; a lizard.] (Paleon.) A +pterodactyl. + +||Pter`o*sau"ri*a (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Paleon.) An extinct order of +||flying reptiles of the Mesozoic age; the pterodactyls; -- called also +||Pterodactyli, and Ornithosauria. + +The wings were formed, like those of bats, by a leathery expansion of +the skin, principally supported by the greatly enlarged outer or " +little" fingers of the hands. The American Cretaceous pterodactyls had +no teeth. See Pteranodontia, and Pterodactyl. + +Pter`o*sau"ri*an (?), a. (Paleon.) Of or pertaining to the Pterosauria. + +||Pter`o*stig"ma (?), n.; pl. Pterostigmata (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?; wing +||+ &?;, &?;, a mark.] (Zoˆl.) A thickened opaque spot on the wings of +||certain insects. + +Pte*ro"tic (?), a. [Gr. &?; wing + &?;, &?;, ear.] (Anat.) Of or +pertaining to, or designating, a bone between the proˆtic and epiotic +in the dorsal and outer part of the periotic capsule of many fishes. -- +n. The pterotic bone. + +The pterotic bone is so called because fancied in some cases to +resemble in form a bird's wing + +||Pte*ryg"i*um (?), n.; pl. E. Pterygiums (#), L. Pterygia (#). [NL., +||fr. Gr. &?;, properly a dim, akin to &?; a feather.] (Med.) A +||superficial growth of vascular tissue radiating in a fanlike manner +||from the cornea over the surface of the eye. + +Pter"y*goid (?), a. [Gr. &?;, &?;, a wing + -oid.] (Anat.) (a) Like a +bird's wing in form; as, a pterygoid bone. (b) Of, pertaining to, or in +the region of, the pterygoid bones, pterygoid processes, or the whole +sphenoid bone. -- n. A pterygoid bone. + +Pterygoid bone (Anat.), a bone which corresponds to the inner plate of +the pterygoid process of the human skull, but which, in all vertebrates +below mammals, is not connected with the posterior nares, but serves to +connect the palatine bones with the point of suspension of the lower +jaw. -- Pterygoid process (Anat.), a process projecting downward from +either side of the sphenoid bone, in man divided into two plates, an +inner and an outer. The posterior nares pass through the space, called +the pterygoid fossa, between the processes. + +Pter`y*go*max"il*la*ry (?), a. [Pterygoid + maxillary.] (Anat.) Of or +pertaining to the inner pterygoid plate, or pterygoid bone, and the +lower jaw. + +Pter`y*go*pal"a*tine (?), a. [Pterygoid + palatine.] (Anat.) Of or +pertaining to the pterygoid processes and the palatine bones. + +||Pter`y*go*po"di*um (?), n.; pl. Pterygopodia (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, +||&?;, a fin + &?;, dim. of &?;, &?;, a foot.] (Anat.) A specially +||modified part of the ventral fin in male elasmobranchs, which serves +||as a copulatory organ, or clasper. + +Pter`y*go*quad"rate (?), a. [Pterygoid + quadrate.] (Anat.) Of, +pertaining to, or representing the pterygoid and quadrate bones or +cartilages. + +||Pte*ry"la (?), n.; pl. PterylÊ (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?; feather + &?; +||wood, forest.] (Zoˆl.) One of the definite areas of the skin of a +||bird on which feathers grow; -- contrasted with apteria. + +Pter`y*log"ra*phy (?), n. [Pteryla + -graphy.] (Zoˆl.) The study or +description of the arrangement of feathers, or of the pterylÊ, of +birds. + +||Pter`y*lo"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. NL. & E. pteryla.] (Zoˆl.) The +||arrangement of feathers in definite areas. + +Ptil"o*cerque (?), n. [Gr. &?; a feather + &?; tail.] (Zool.) The +pentail. + +||Ptil`o*pÊ"des (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a feather + &?;, &?;, +||offspring.] (Zoˆl.) Same as DasypÊdes. + +Ptil`o*pÊd"ic (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Having nearly the whole surface of the +skin covered with down; dasypÊdic; -- said of the young of certain +birds. + +||Pti*lop"te*ri (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a downy feather + &?; +||wing.] (Zoˆl.) An order of birds including only the penguins. + +||Pti*lo"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr &?; a feather.] (Zoˆl.) Same as +||Pterylosis. + +Ptis"an (?), n. [L. ptisana peeled barley, barley water, Gr. &?;, from +&?; to peel, husk; cf. F. ptisane, tisane.] 1. A decoction of barley +with other ingredients; a farinaceous drink. + +2. (Med.) An aqueous medicine, containing little, if any, medicinal +agent; a tea or tisane. + +Ptol`e*ma"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to Ptolemy, the geographer and +astronomer. + +Ptolemaic system (Astron.), the system maintained by Ptolemy, who +supposed the earth to be fixed in the center of the universe, with the +sun and stars revolving around it. This theory was received for ages, +until superseded by the Copernican system. + +Ptol"e*ma`ist (?), n. One who accepts the astronomical system of +Ptolemy. + +Pto"ma*ine (?), n. [From Gr. &?; a dead body.] (Physiol. Chem.) One of +a class of animal bases or alkaloids formed in the putrefaction of +various kinds of albuminous matter, and closely related to the +vegetable alkaloids; a cadaveric poison. The ptomaines, as a class, +have their origin in dead matter, by which they are to be distinguished +from the leucomaines. + +||Pto"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a falling.] (Med.) Drooping of the +||upper eyelid, produced by paralysis of its levator muscle. + +<! p. 1159 !> + +Pty"a*lin (?), n. [Gr. &?; spittle. See Ptyalism.] (Physiol. Chem.) An +unorganized amylolytic ferment, on enzyme, present in human mixed +saliva and in the saliva of some animals. + +Pty"a*lism (?), n. [Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to spit much, fr. &?; spittle, fr. +&?; to spit: cf. F. ptyalisme.] Salivation, or an excessive flow of +saliva. Quain. + +Pty*al"o*gogue (?), n. [Gr. &?; spittle + &?; driving.] (Med.) A +ptysmagogue. + +Ptys"ma*gogue (?), n. [Gr. &?; spittle + &?; driving: cf. F. +ptysmagogue.] (Med.) A medicine that promotes the discharge of saliva. + +||Ptyx"is (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a folding.] (Bot.) The way in which +||a leaf is sometimes folded in the bud. + +Pub"ble (?), a. [Perhaps fr. bubble.] Puffed out, pursy; pudgy; fat. +[Obs.] Drant. + +Pu"ber*al (?), a. [From L. puber, pubes, grown up, adult.] Of or +pertaining to puberty. + +Pu"ber*ty (?), n. [L. pubertas, fr. puber, pubes, adult: cf. F. +pubertÈ.] 1. The earliest age at which persons are capable of begetting +or bearing children, usually considered, in temperate climates, to be +about fourteen years in males and twelve in females. + +2. (Bot.) The period when a plant first bears flowers. + +Pu*ber"u*lent (?), a. [See Pubis.] (Bot.) Very minutely downy. + +Pu"bes (?), n. [L., the hair which appears on the body at puberty, from +pubes adult.] 1. (Anat.) (a) The hair which appears upon the lower part +of the hypogastric region at the age of puberty. (b) Hence (as more +commonly used), the lower part of the hypogastric region; the pubic +region. + +2. (Bot.) The down of plants; a downy or villous substance which grows +on plants; pubescence. + +Pu*bes"cence (?), n. [Cf. F. pubescence.] 1. The quality or state of +being pubescent, or of having arrived at puberty. Sir T. Browne. + +2. A covering of soft short hairs, or down, as one some plants and +insects; also, the state of being so covered. + +Pu*bes"cen*cy (?), n. Pubescence. + +Pu*bes"cent (?), a. [L. pubescens, -entis, p. pr. of pubescere to reach +puberty, to grow hairy or mossy, fr. pubes pubes: cf. F. pubescent.] 1. +Arrived at puberty. + + That . . . the men (are) pubescent at the age of twice seven, is + accounted a punctual truth. + + +Sir T. Browne. + +2. Covered with pubescence, or fine short hairs, as certain insects, +and the leaves of some plants. + +Pu"bic (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the pubes; in the region of +the pubes; as, the pubic bone; the pubic region, or the lower part of +the hypogastric region. See Pubes. (b) Of or pertaining to the pubis. + +||Pu"bis (?), n. [NL. See Pubes.] (Anat.) The ventral and anterior of +||the three principal bones composing either half of the pelvis; +||sharebone; pubic bone. + +Pub"lic (?), a. [L. publicus, poblicus, fr. populus people: cf. F. +public. See People.] 1. Of or pertaining to the people; belonging to +the people; relating to, or affecting, a nation, state, or community; +-- opposed to private; as, the public treasury. + + To the public good Private respects must yield. + + +Milton. + + He [Alexander Hamilton] touched the dead corpse of the public + credit, and it sprung upon its feet. + + +D. Webster. + +2. Open to the knowledge or view of all; general; common; notorious; +as, public report; public scandal. + + Joseph, . . . not willing to make her a public example, was minded + to put her away privily. + + +Matt. i. 19. + +3. Open to common or general use; as, a public road; a public house. +"The public street." Shak. + +Public act or statute (Law), an act or statute affecting matters of +public concern. Of such statutes the courts take judicial notice. -- +Public credit. See under Credit. -- Public funds. See Fund, 3. -- +Public house, an inn, or house of entertainment. -- Public law. (a) See +International law, under International. (b) A public act or statute. -- +Public nuisance. (Law) See under Nuisance. -- Public orator. (Eng. +Universities) See Orator, 3. -- Public stores, military and naval +stores, equipments, etc. -- Public works, all fixed works built by +civil engineers for public use, as railways, docks, canals, etc.; but +strictly, military and civil engineering works constructed at the +public cost. + +Pub"lic, n. 1. The general body of mankind, or of a nation, state, or +community; the people, indefinitely; as, the American public; also, a +particular body or aggregation of people; as, an author's public. + + The public is more disposed to censure than to praise. + + +Addison. + +2. A public house; an inn. [Scot.] Sir W. Scott. + +In public, openly; before an audience or the people at large; not in +private or secrecy. "We are to speak in public." Shak. + +Pub"li*can (?), n. [L. publicanus: cf. F. publicain. See Public.] 1. +(Rom. Antiq.) A farmer of the taxes and public revenues; hence, a +collector of toll or tribute. The inferior officers of this class were +often oppressive in their exactions, and were regarded with great +detestation. + + As Jesus at meat . . . many publicans and sinners came and sat down + with him and his disciples. + + +Matt. 1x. 10. + + How like a fawning publican he looks! + + +Shak. + +2. The keeper of an inn or public house; one licensed to retail beer, +spirits, or wine. + +Pub`li*ca"tion (?), n. [L. publicatio confiscation: cf. F. publication. +See Publish.] 1. The act of publishing or making known; notification to +the people at large, either by words, writing, or printing; +proclamation; divulgation; promulgation; as, the publication of the law +at Mount Sinai; the publication of the gospel; the publication of +statutes or edicts. + +2. The act of offering a book, pamphlet, engraving, etc., to the public +by sale or by gratuitous distribution. + + The publication of these papers was not owing to our folly, but + that of others. + + +Swift. + +3. That which is published or made known; especially, any book, +pamphlet, etc., offered for sale or to public notice; as, a daily or +monthly publication. + +4. An act done in public. [R. & Obs.] + + His jealousy . . . attends the business, the recreations, the + publications, and retirements of every man. + + +Jer. Taylor. + +Publication of a libel (Law), such an exhibition of a libel as brings +it to the notice of at least one person other than the person libeled. +-- Publication of a will (Law), the delivery of a will, as his own, by +a testator to witnesses who attest it. + +Pub"lic-heart`ed (?), a. Public- spirited. [R.] + +Pub"li*cist (?), n. [Cf. F. publiciste.] A writer on the laws of nature +and nations; one who is versed in the science of public right, the +principles of government, etc. + + The Whig leaders, however, were much more desirous to get rid of + Episcopacy than to prove themselves consummate publicists and + logicians. + + +Macaulay. + +Pub*lic"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. publicitÈ.] The quality or state of being +public, or open to the knowledge of a community; notoriety; publicness. + +Pub"lic*ly (?), adv. 1. With exposure to popular view or notice; +without concealment; openly; as, property publicly offered for sale; an +opinion publicly avowed; a declaration publicly made. + +2. In the name of the community. Addison. + +Pub"lic-mind`ed (?), a. Public- spirited. -- Pub"lic-mind`ed*ness, n. + +Pub"lic*ness, n. 1. The quality or state of being public, or open to +the view or notice of people at large; publicity; notoriety; as, the +publicness of a sale. + +2. The quality or state of belonging to the community; as, the +publicness of property. Boyle. + +Pub"lic-spir`it*ed (?), a. 1. Having, or exercising, a disposition to +advance the interest of the community or public; as, public- spirited +men. + +2. Dictated by a regard to public good; as, a public-spirited project +or measure. Addison. + +-- Pub"lic-spir`it*ed*ly, adv. -- Pub"lic-spir`it*ed*ness, n. + +Pub"lish (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Published (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Publishing.] [F. publier, L. publicare, publicatum. See Public, and +-ish.] 1. To make public; to make known to mankind, or to people in +general; to divulge, as a private transaction; to promulgate or +proclaim, as a law or an edict. + + Published was the bounty of her name. + + +Chaucer. + + The unwearied sun, from day to day, Does his Creator's power + display, And publishes to every land The work of an almighty hand. + + +Addison. + +2. To make known by posting, or by reading in a church; as, to publish +banns of marriage. + +3. To send forth, as a book, newspaper, musical piece, or other printed +work, either for sale or for general distribution; to print, and issue +from the press. + +4. To utter, or put into circulation; as, to publish counterfeit paper. +[U.S.] + +To publish a will (Law), to acknowledge it before the witnesses as the +testator's last will and testament. + +Syn. -- To announce; proclaim; advertise; declare; promulgate; +disclose; divulge; reveal. See Announce. + +Pub"lish*a*ble (?), a. Capable of being published; suitable for +publication. + +Pub"lish*er (?), n. One who publishes; as, a publisher of a book or +magazine. + + For love of you, not hate unto my friend, Hath made me publisher of + this pretense. + + +Shak. + +Pub"lish*ment (?), n. 1. The act or process of making publicly known; +publication. + +2. A public notice of intended marriage, required by the laws of some +States. [U.S.] + +Puc*coon" (?), n. [From the American Indian name.] (Bot.) Any one of +several plants yielding a red pigment which is used by the North +American Indians, as the bloodroot and two species of Lithospermum (L. +hirtum, and L. canescens); also, the pigment itself. + +Puce (?), a. [F., fr. puce a flea, L. pulex, pulicis.] Of a dark brown +or brownish purple color. + +Pu"cel (?), n. See Pucelle. [Obs.] + +Pu"cel*age (?; 48), n. [F.] Virginity. [R.] + +||Pu*celle" (?), n. [F., fr. LL. pulicella, fr. L. pullus a young +||animal. See Pullet.] A maid; a virgin. [Written also pucel.] [Obs.] + + Lady or pucelle, that wears mask or fan. + + +B. Jonson. + +La Pucelle, the Maid of Orleans, Joan of Arc. + +Pu"ce*ron (?), n. [F., from puce a flea. See Puce.] (Zoˆl.) Any plant +louse, or aphis. + +Pu"cher*ite (?), n. [So named from the Pucher Mine, in Saxony.] (Min.) +Vanadate of bismuth, occurring in minute reddish brown crystals. + +Puck (?), n. [OE. pouke; cf. OSw. puke, Icel. pki an evil demon, W. +pwca a hobgoblin. Cf. Poker a bugbear, Pug.] 1. (MediÊval Myth.) A +celebrated fairy, "the merry wanderer of the night;" -- called also +Robin Goodfellow, Friar Rush, Pug, etc. Shak. + + He meeteth Puck, whom most men call Hobgoblin, and on him doth + fall. + + +Drayton. + +2. (Zoˆl.) The goatsucker. [Prov. Eng.] + +Puck"ball` (?), n. [Puck + ball.] A puffball. + +Puck"er (?), v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Puckered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Puckering.] [From Poke a pocket, small bag.] To gather into small folds +or wrinkles; to contract into ridges and furrows; to corrugate; -- +often with up; as, to pucker up the mouth. "His skin [was] puckered up +in wrinkles." Spectator. + +Puck"er, n. 1. A fold; a wrinkle; a collection of folds. + +2. A state of perplexity or anxiety; confusion; bother; agitation. +[Prov. Eng. & Colloq. U. S.] + +Puck"er*er, n. One who, or that which, puckers. + +Puck"er*y (?), a. 1. Producing, or tending to produce, a pucker; as, a +puckery taste. Lowell. + +2. Inclined to become puckered or wrinkled; full of puckers or +wrinkles. + +Puck"fist` (?), n. A puffball. + +Puck"ish, a. [From Puck.] Resembling Puck; merry; mischievous. "Puckish +freaks." J. R. Green. + +Pu"cras (?), n. [From a native name in India.] (Zoˆl.) See Koklass. + +Pud (?), n. Same as Pood. + +Pud (?), n. The hand; the first. [Colloq.] Lamb. + +Pud"den*ing (?), n. [Probably fr. pudden, for pudding, in allusion to +its softness.] (Naut.) (a) A quantity of rope-yarn, or the like, +placed, as a fender, on the bow of a boat. (b) A bunch of soft material +to prevent chafing between spars, or the like. + +Pud"der (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Puddered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Puddering.] [Cf. Pother.] To make a tumult or bustle; to splash; to +make a pother or fuss; to potter; to meddle. + + Puddering in the designs or doings of others. + + +Barrow. + + Others pudder into their food with their broad nebs. + + +Holland. + +Pud"der, v. t. To perplex; to embarrass; to confuse; to bother; as, to +pudder a man. Locke. + +Pud"der, n. A pother; a tumult; a confused noise; turmoil; bustle. "All +in a pudder." Milton. + +Pud"ding (?), n. [Cf. F. boudin black pudding, sausage, L. botulus, +botellus, a sausage, G. & Sw. pudding pudding, Dan. podding, pudding, +LG. puddig thick, stumpy, W. poten, potten, also E. pod, pout, v.] 1. A +species of food of a soft or moderately hard consistence, variously +made, but often a compound of flour or meal, with milk and eggs, etc. + + And solid pudding against empty praise. + + +Pope. + +2. Anything resembling, or of the softness and consistency of, pudding. + +3. An intestine; especially, an intestine stuffed with meat, etc.; a +sausage. Shak. + +4. Any food or victuals. + + Eat your pudding, slave, and hold your tongue. + + +Prior. + +5. (Naut.) Same as Puddening. + +Pudding grass (Bot.), the true pennyroyal (Mentha Pulegium), formerly +used to flavor stuffing for roast meat. Dr. Prior. -- Pudding pie, a +pudding with meat baked in it. Taylor (1630). -- Pudding pipe (Bot.), +the long, cylindrical pod of the leguminous tree Cassia Fistula. The +seeds are separately imbedded in a sweetish pulp. See Cassia. -- +Pudding sleeve, a full sleeve like that of the English clerical gown. +Swift. -- Pudding stone. (Min.) See Conglomerate, n., 2. -- Pudding +time. (a) The time of dinner, pudding being formerly the dish first +eaten. [Obs.] Johnson. (b) The nick of time; critical time. [Obs.] + + Mars, that still protects the stout, In pudding time came to his + aid. + + +Hudibras. + +Pud"ding-head`ed (?), a. Stupid. [Colloq.] + +Pud"dle (?), n. [OE. podel; cf. LG. pudel, Ir. & Gael. plod pool.] 1. A +small quantity of dirty standing water; a muddy plash; a small pool. +Spenser. + +2. Clay, or a mixture of clay and sand, kneaded or worked, when wet, to +render it impervious to water. + +Puddle poet, a low or worthless poet. [R.] Fuller. + +Pud"dle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Puddled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Puddling +(?).] 1. To make foul or muddy; to pollute with dirt; to mix dirt with +(water). + + Some unhatched practice . . . Hath puddled his clear spirit. + + +Shak. + +2. (a) To make dense or close, as clay or loam, by working when wet, so +as to render impervious to water. (b) To make impervious to liquids by +means of puddle; to apply puddle to. + +3. To subject to the process of puddling, as iron, so as to convert it +from the condition of cast iron to that of wrought iron. Ure. + +Puddled steel, steel made directly from cast iron by a modification of +the puddling process. + +Pud"dle, v. i. To make a dirty stir. [Obs.] R. Junius. + +Pud"dle-ball` (?), n. The lump of pasty wrought iron as taken from the +puddling furnace to be hammered or rolled. + +Pud"dle-bar" (?), n. An iron bar made at a single heat from a +puddle-ball hammering and rolling. + +Pud"dler (?), n. One who converts cast iron into wrought iron by the +process of puddling. + +Pud"dling (?), n. 1. (Hydraul. Engin.) (a) The process of working clay, +loam, pulverized ore, etc., with water, to render it compact, or +impervious to liquids; also, the process of rendering anything +impervious to liquids by means of puddled material. (b) Puddle. See +Puddle, n., 2. + +2. (Metal.) The art or process of converting cast iron into wrought +iron or steel by subjecting it to intense heat and frequent stirring in +a reverberatory furnace in the presence of oxidizing substances, by +which it is freed from a portion of its carbon and other impurities. + +Puddling furnace, a reverberatory furnace in which cast iron is +converted into wrought iron or into steel by puddling. + +Pud"dly (?), a. Consisting of, or resembling, puddles; muddy; foul. +"Thick puddly water." Carew. + +Pud"dock (?), n. [For paddock, or parrock, a park.] A small inclosure. +[Written also purrock.] [Prov. Eng.] + +Pu"den*cy (?), n. [L. pudens, p. pr. of pudere to be ashamed.] Modesty; +shamefacedness. "A pudency so rosy." Shak. + +||Pu*den"da (?), n. pl. [L., from pudendus that of which one ought to +||be ashamed, fr. pudere to be ashamed.] (Anat.) The external organs of +||generation. + +Pu*den"dal (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the pudenda, or +pudendum. + +||Pu*den"dum (?), n. [NL. See Pudenda.] (Anat.) The external organs of +||generation, especially of the female; the vulva. + +<! p. 1160 !> + +Pudg"y (?), a. Short and fat or sturdy; dumpy; podgy; as, a short, +pudgy little man; a pudgy little hand. Thackeray. + +Pu"dic (?), a. [L. pudicus modest, fr. pudere to be ashamed: cf. F. +pudique.] (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the external organs of +generation. + +Pu"dic*al (?), a. (Anat.) Pudic. + +Pu*dic"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. pudicitÈ, L. pudicitia.] Modesty; chastity. +Howell. + +Pu"du (?), n. (Zoˆl.) A very small deer (Pudua humilis), native of the +Chilian Andes. It has simple spikelike antlers, only two or three +inches long. + +Pue (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Pued (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Puing.] To make +a low whistling sound; to chirp, as birds. Halliwell. + +Pueb"lo (?), n. [Sp., a village, L. populus people. See People.] A +communistic building erected by certain Indian tribes of Arizona and +New Mexico. It is often of large size and several stories high, and is +usually built either of stone or adobe. The term is also applied to any +Indian village in the same region. + +Pueblo Indians (Ethnol.), any tribe or community of Indians living in +pueblos. The principal Pueblo tribes are the Moqui, the ZuÒi, the +Keran, and the Tewan. + +Pue"fel`low (?), n. A pewfellow. [Obs.] + +Pu"er (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] The dung of dogs, used as an +alkaline steep in tanning. Simmonds. + +||Pu*er"co (?), n. [Sp.] A hog. + +Puerco beds (Geol.), a name given to certain strata belonging to the +earliest Eocene. They are developed in Northwestern New Mexico, along +the Rio Puerco, and are characterized by their mammalian remains. + +Pu"er*ile (?), a. [L. puerilis, fr. puer a child, a boy: cf. F. +puÈril.] Boyish; childish; trifling; silly. + + The French have been notorious through generations for their + puerile affectation of Roman forms, models, and historic + precedents. + + +De Quincey. + +Syn. -- Youthful; boyish; juvenile; childish; trifling; weak. See +Youthful. + +Pu"er*ile*ly, adv. In a puerile manner; childishly. + +Pu"er*ile*ness, n. The quality of being puerile; puerility. + +Pu`er*il"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Puerilities (#). [L. puerilitas: cf. F. +puÈrilitÈ.] 1. The quality of being puerile; childishness; puerileness. +Sir T. Browne. + +2. That which is puerile or childish; especially, an expression which +is flat, insipid, or silly. + +Pu*er"per*al (?), a. [L. puerpera a lying-in woman; puer child + parere +to bear: cf. F. puerpÈral.] Of or pertaining to childbirth; as, a +puerperal fever. + +Pu*er"per*ous (?), a. Bearing children. [R.] + +Pu"et (?), n. (Zoˆl.) The pewit. + +Puff (pf), n. [Akin to G. & Sw. puff a blow, Dan. puf, D. pof; of +imitative origin. Cf. Buffet.] 1. A sudden and single emission of +breath from the mouth; hence, any sudden or short blast of wind; a +slight gust; a whiff. " To every puff of wind a slave." Flatman. + +2. Anything light and filled with air. Specifically: (a) A puffball. +(b) a kind of light pastry. (c) A utensil of the toilet for dusting the +skin or hair with powder. + +3. An exaggerated or empty expression of praise, especially one in a +public journal. + +Puff adder. (Zoˆl.) (a) Any South African viper belonging to Clotho and +allied genera. They are exceedingly venomous, and have the power of +greatly distending their bodies when irritated. The common puff adder +(Vipera, or Clotho arietans) is the largest species, becoming over four +feet long. The plumed puff adder (C. cornuta) has a plumelike appendage +over each eye. (b) A North American harmless snake (Heterodon +platyrrhinos) which has the power of puffing up its body. Called also +hog-nose snake, flathead, spreading adder, and blowing adder. -- Puff +bird (Zoˆl.), any bird of the genus Bucco, or family BucconidÊ. They +are small birds, usually with dull- colored and loose plumage, and have +twelve tail feathers. See Barbet (b). + +Puff, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Puffed (pft); p. pr. & vb. n. Puffing.] [Akin +to G. puffen to pop, buffet, puff, D. poffen to pop, puffen to blow, +Sw. puffa to push, to cuff, Dan. puffe to pop, thump. See Puff, n.] 1. +To blow in puffs, or with short and sudden whiffs. + +2. To blow, as an expression of scorn; -- with at. + + It is really to defy Heaven to puff at damnation. + + +South. + +3. To breathe quick and hard, or with puffs, as after violent exertion. + + The ass comes back again, puffing and blowing, from the chase. + + +L' Estrange. + +4. To swell with air; to be dilated or inflated. Boyle. + +5. To breathe in a swelling, inflated, or pompous manner; hence, to +assume importance. + + Then came brave Glory puffing by. + + +Herbert. + +Puff, v. t. 1. To drive with a puff, or with puffs. + + The clearing north will puff the clouds away. + + +Dryden. + +2. To repel with words; to blow at contemptuously. + + I puff the prostitute away. + + +Dryden. + +3. To cause to swell or dilate; to inflate; to ruffle with puffs; -- +often with up; as, a bladder puffed with air. + + The sea puffed up with winds. + + +Shak. + +4. To inflate with pride, flattery, self- esteem, or the like; -- often +with up. + + Puffed up with military success. + + +Jowett (Thucyd. ) + +5. To praise with exaggeration; to flatter; to call public attention to +by praises; to praise unduly. " Puffed with wonderful skill." Macaulay. + +Puff, a. Puffed up; vain. [R.] Fanshawe. + +Puff"ball` (?), n. (Bot.) A kind of ball-shaped fungus (Lycoperdon +giganteum, and other species of the same genus) full of dustlike spores +when ripe; -- called also bullfist, bullfice, puckfist, puff, and +puffin. + +Puff"er (?), n. 1. One who puffs; one who praises with noisy or +extravagant commendation. + +2. One who is employed by the owner or seller of goods sold at suction +to bid up the price; a by-bidder. Bouvier. + +3. (Zoˆl.) (a) Any plectognath fish which inflates its body, as the +species of Tetrodon and Diodon; -- called also blower, puff-fish, +swellfish, and globefish. (b) The common, or harbor, porpoise. + +4. (Dyeing) A kier. + +Puff"er*y (?), n. The act of puffing; bestowment of extravagant +commendation. + +Puf"fin (pf"fn), n. [Akin to puff.] 1. (Zoˆl.) An arctic sea bird +Fratercula arctica) allied to the auks, and having a short, thick, +swollen beak, whence the name; -- called also bottle nose, cockandy, +coulterneb, marrot, mormon, pope, and sea parrot. + +The name is also applied to other related species, as the horned puffin +(F. corniculata), the tufted puffin (Lunda cirrhata), and the +razorbill. + +Manx puffin, the Manx shearwater. See under Manx. + +2. (Bot.) The puffball. + +3. A sort of apple. [Obs.] Rider's Dict. (1640). + +Puff"i*ness (?), n. The quality or state of being puffy. + +Puff"ing, a. & n. from Puff, v. i. & t. + +Puffing adder. (Zoˆl.) Same as Puff adder (b), under Puff. -- Puffing +pig (Zoˆl.), the common porpoise. + +Puff"ing*ly, adv. In a puffing manner; with vehement breathing or +shortness of breath; with exaggerated praise. + +Puff"-leg` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) Any one of numerous species of beautiful +humming birds of the genus Eriocnemis having large tufts of downy +feathers on the legs. + +Puff"-legged` (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Having a conspicuous tuft of feathers on +the legs. + +Puff"y (?), a. 1. Swelled with air, or any soft matter; tumid with a +soft substance; bloated; fleshy; as, a puffy tumor. " A very stout, +puffy man." Thackeray. + +2. Hence, inflated; bombastic; as, a puffy style. + +Pug (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pugged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pugging.] [Cf. +G. pucken to thump. beat.] + +1. To mix and stir when wet, as clay for bricks, pottery, etc. + +2. To fill or stop with clay by tamping; to fill in or spread with +mortar, as a floor or partition, for the purpose of deadening sound. +See Pugging, 2. + +Pug, n. 1. Tempered clay; clay moistened and worked so as to be +plastic. + +2. A pug mill. + +Pug mill, a kind of mill for grinding and mixing clay, either for +brickmaking or the fine arts; a clay mill. It consists essentially of +an upright shaft armed with projecting knives, which is caused to +revolve in a hollow cylinder, tub, or vat, in which the clay is placed. + +Pug, n. [Corrupted fr. puck. See Puck.] 1. An elf, or a hobgoblin; also +same as Puck. [Obs.] B. Jonson. + +2. A name for a monkey. [Colloq.] Addison. + +3. A name for a fox. [Prov. Eng.] C. Kingsley. + +4. An intimate; a crony; a dear one. [Obs.] Lyly. + +5. pl. Chaff; the refuse of grain. [Obs.] Holland. + +6. A prostitute. [Obs.] Cotgrave. + +7. (Zoˆl.) One of a small breed of pet dogs having a short nose and +head; a pug dog. + +8. (Zoˆl.) Any geometrid moth of the genus Eupithecia. + +Pug"-faced` (?), a. Having a face like a monkey or a pug; monkey-faced. + +Pug"ger (?), v. t. To pucker. [Obs.] + +Pug"gered (?), a. Puckered. [Obs.] Dr. H. More. + +Pug"ging (?), n. [See Pug, v. t.] 1. The act or process of working and +tempering clay to make it plastic and of uniform consistency, as for +bricks, for pottery, etc. + +2. (Arch.) Mortar or the like, laid between the joists under the boards +of a floor, or within a partition, to deaden sound; -- in the United +States usually called deafening. + +Pug"ging, a. Thieving. [Obs.] Shak. + +Pugh (?), interj. Pshaw! pish! -- a word used in contempt or disdain. + +Pu"gil (?), n. [L. pugillus, pugillum, a handful, akin to pugnus the +fist.] As much as is taken up between the thumb and two first fingers. +[Obs.] Bacon. + +Pu"gil*ism (?), n. [L. pugil a pugilist, boxer, akin to pugnus the +fist. Cf. Pugnacious, Fist.] The practice of boxing, or fighting with +the fist. + +Pu"gil*ist, n. [L. pugil.] One who fights with his fists; esp., a +professional prize fighter; a boxer. + +Pu`gil*is"tic (?), a. Of or pertaining to pugillism. + +Pug*na"cious (?), a. [L. pugnax, -acis, fr. pugnare to fight. Cf. +Pugilism, Fist.] Disposed to fight; inclined to fighting; quarrelsome; +fighting. --Pug*na"cious*ly, adv. -- Pug*na"cious*ness, n. + +Pug*nac"i*ty (?), n. [L. pugnacitas: cf. F. pugnacitÈ.] Inclination or +readiness to fight; quarrelsomeness. " A national pugnacity of +character." Motley. + +Pug" nose` (?). A short, thick nose; a snubnose. -- Pug"-nosed` (#), a. + +Pug-nose eel (Zoˆl.), a deep- water marine eel (Simenchelys +parasiticus) which sometimes burrows into the flesh of the halibut. + +Puh (?), interj. The same as Pugh. + +Puis"ne (p"n), a. [See Puny.] 1. Later in age, time, etc.; subsequent. +[Obs.] " A puisne date to eternity." Sir M. Hale. + +2. Puny; petty; unskilled. [Obs.] + +3. (Law) Younger or inferior in rank; junior; associate; as, a chief +justice and three puisne justices of the Court of Common Pleas; the +puisne barons of the Court of Exchequer. Blackstone. + +Puis"ne, n. One who is younger, or of inferior rank; a junior; esp., a +judge of inferior rank. + + It were not a work for puisnes and novices. + + +Bp. Hall. + +Puis"ny (?), a. Puisne; younger; inferior; petty; unskilled. [R.] + + A puisny tilter, that spurs his horse but on one side. + + +Shak. + +Pu"is*sance, n. [F., fr. puissant. See Puissant, and cf. Potency, +Potance, Potence.] Power; strength; might; force; potency. " Youths of +puissance." Tennyson. + + The power and puissance of the king. + + +Shak. + +In Spenser, Shakespeare, and Milton, puissance and puissant are usually +dissyllables. + +Pu"is*sant (?), a. [F., originally, a p. pr. formed fr. L. posse to be +able: cf. L. potens powerful. See Potent.] Powerful; strong; mighty; +forcible; as, a puissant prince or empire. " Puissant deeds." Milton. + + Of puissant nations which the world possessed. + + +Spenser. + + And worldlings in it are less merciful, And more puissant. + + +Mrs. Browning. + +Pu"is*sant*ly, adv. In a puissant manner; powerfully; with great +strength. + +Pu"is*sant*ness, n. The state or quality of being puissant; puissance; +power. + +||Puit (?), n. [F. puits, from L. puteus well.] A well; a small stream; +||a fountain; a spring. [Obs.] + + The puits flowing from the fountain of life. + + +Jer. Taylor. + +Puke (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Puked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Puking.] [Cf. +G. spucken to spit, and E. spew.] To eject the contests of the stomach; +to vomit; to spew. + + The infant Mewling and puking in the nurse's arms. + + +Shak. + +Puke, v. t. To eject from the stomach; to vomit up. + +Puke, n. A medicine that causes vomiting; an emetic; a vomit. + +Puke, a. [Etymol. uncertain.] Of a color supposed to be between black +and russet. Shak. + +This color has by some been regarded as the same with puce; but Nares +questions the identity. + +Puk"er (?), n. 1. One who pukes, vomits. + +2. That which causes vomiting. Garth . + +Pu"las (?), n. [Skr. palÁa.] (Bot.) The East Indian leguminous tree +Butea frondosa. See Gum Butea, under Gum. [Written also pales and +palasa.] + +Pul"chri*tude (?), n. [L. pulchritudo, fr. pulcher beautiful.] 1. That +quality of appearance which pleases the eye; beauty; comeliness; grace; +loveliness. + + Piercing our heartes with thy pulchritude. + + +Court of Love. + +2. Attractive moral excellence; moral beauty. + + By the pulchritude of their souls make up what is wanting in the + beauty of their bodies. + + +Ray. + +Pule (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Puled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Puling.] [F. +piauler; cf. L. pipilare, pipire, to peep, pip, chirp, and E. peep to +chirp.] 1. To cry like a chicken. Bacon. + +2. To whimper; to whine, as a complaining child. + + It becometh not such a gallant to whine and pule. + + +Barrow. + +Pul"er (?), n. One who pules; one who whines or complains; a weak +person. + +||Pu"lex (?), n. [L., a flea.] (Zoˆl.) A genus of parasitic insects +||including the fleas. See Flea. + +Pu"li*cene (?), a. [From L. pulex, pulicis, a flea.] Pertaining to, or +abounding in, fleas; pulicose. + +{ Pu"li*cose` (?), Pu"li*cous (?), } a. [L. pulicosus, from pulex, a +flea.] Abounding with fleas. + +Pul"ing (?), n. A cry, as of a chicken,; a whining or whimpering. + + Leave this faint puling and lament as I do. + + +Shak. + +Pul"ing, a. Whimpering; whining; childish. + +Pul"ing*ly, adv. With whining or complaint. + +||Pulk"ha (?), n. A Laplander's traveling sledge. See Sledge. + +Pull (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pulled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pulling.] +[AS. pullian; cf. LG. pulen, and Gael. peall, piol, spiol.] 1. To draw, +or attempt to draw, toward one; to draw forcibly. + + Ne'er pull your hat upon your brows. + + +Shak. + + He put forth his hand . . . and pulled her in. + + +Gen. viii. 9. + +2. To draw apart; to tear; to rend. + + He hath turned aside my ways, and pulled me in pieces; he hath made + me desolate. + + +Lam. iii. 11. + +3. To gather with the hand, or by drawing toward one; to pluck; as, to +pull fruit; to pull flax; to pull a finch. + +4. To move or operate by the motion of drawing towards one; as, to pull +a bell; to pull an oar. + +5. (Horse Racing) To hold back, and so prevent from winning; as, the +favorite was pulled. + +6. (Print.) To take or make, as a proof or impression; -- hand presses +being worked by pulling a lever. + +7. (Cricket) To strike the ball in a particular manner. See Pull, n., +8. + + Never pull a straight fast ball to leg. + + +R. H. Lyttelton. + +To pull and haul, to draw hither and thither. " Both are equally pulled +and hauled to do that which they are unable to do. " South. -- To pull +down, to demolish; to destroy; to degrade; as, to pull down a house. " +In political affairs, as well as mechanical, it is easier to pull down +than build up." Howell. " To raise the wretched, and pull down the +proud." Roscommon. -- To pull a finch. See under Finch. -- To pull off, +take or draw off. + +<! p. 1161 !> + +Pull (?), v. i. To exert one's self in an act or motion of drawing or +hauling; to tug; as, to pull at a rope. + +To pull apart, to become separated by pulling; as, a rope will pull +apart. -- To pull up, to draw the reins; to stop; to halt. -- To pull +through, to come successfully to the end of a difficult undertaking, a +dangerous sickness, or the like. + +Pull, n. 1. The act of pulling or drawing with force; an effort to move +something by drawing toward one. + + I awakened with a violent pull upon the ring which was fastened at + the top of my box. + + +Swift. + +2. A contest; a struggle; as, a wrestling pull. Carew. + +3. A pluck; loss or violence suffered. [Poetic] + + Two pulls at once; His lady banished, and a limb lopped off. + + +Shak. + +4. A knob, handle, or lever, etc., by which anything is pulled; as, a +drawer pull; a bell pull. + +5. The act of rowing; as, a pull on the river. [Colloq.] + +6. The act of drinking; as, to take a pull at the beer, or the mug. +[Slang] Dickens. + +7. Something in one's favor in a comparison or a contest; an advantage; +means of influencing; as, in weights the favorite had the pull. [Slang] + +8. (Cricket) A kind of stroke by which a leg ball is sent to the off +side, or an off ball to the side. + + The pull is not a legitimate stroke, but bad cricket. + + +R. A. Proctor. + +Pul"lail (?), n. [F. poulaille.] Poultry. [Obs.] Rom. of R. + +Pull"back` (?), n. 1. That which holds back, or causes to recede; a +drawback; a hindrance. + +2. (Arch) The iron hook fixed to a casement to pull it shut, or to hold +it party open at a fixed point. + +Pulled (?), a. Plucked; pilled; moulting. " A pulled hen." Chaucer. + +Pul"len (?), n. [Cf. L. pullinus belonging to young animals. See +Pullet.] Poultry. [Obs.] + +Pull"er (?), n. One who, or that which, pulls. + + Proud setter up and puller down of kings. + + +Shak. + +Pul"let (?), n. [OE. polete, OF. polete, F. poulette, dim. of poule a +hen, fr. L. pullus a young animal, a young fowl. See Foal, and cf. +Poult, Poultry, Pool stake.] A young hen, or female of the domestic +fowl. + +Pullet sperm, the treadle of an egg. [Obs.] Shak. + +Pul"ley (?), n.; pl. Pulleys (#). [F. poulie, perhaps of Teutonic +origin (cf. Poll, v. t.); but cf. OE. poleine, polive, pulley, LL. +polanus, and F. poulain, properly, a colt, fr. L. pullus young animal, +foal (cf. Pullet, Foal). For the change of sense, cf. F. poutre beam, +originally, a filly, and E. easel.] (Mach.) A wheel with a broad rim, +or grooved rim, for transmitting power from, or imparting power to, the +different parts of machinery, or for changing the direction of motion, +by means of a belt, cord, rope, or chain. + +The pulley, as one of the mechanical powers, consists, in its simplest +form, of a grooved wheel, called a sheave, turning within a movable +frame or block, by means of a cord or rope attached at one end to a +fixed point. The force, acting on the free end of the rope, is thus +doubled, but can move the load through only half the space traversed by +itself. The rope may also pass over a sheave in another block that is +fixed. The end of the rope may be fastened to the movable block, +instead of a fixed point, with an additional gain of power, and using +either one or two sheaves in the fixed block. Other sheaves may be +added, and the power multiplied accordingly. Such an apparatus is +called by workmen a block and tackle, or a fall and tackle. See Block. +A single fixed pulley gives no increase of power, but serves simply for +changing the direction of motion. + +Band pulley, or Belt pulley, a pulley with a broad face for +transmitting power between revolving shafts by means of a belt, or for +guiding a belt. -- Cone pulley. See Cone pulley. -- Conical pulley, one +of a pair of belt pulleys, each in the shape of a truncated cone, for +varying velocities. -- Fast pulley, a pulley firmly attached upon a +shaft. -- Loose pulley, a pulley loose on a shaft, to interrupt the +transmission of motion in machinery. See Fast and loose pulleys, under +Fast. -- Parting pulley, a belt pulley made in semicircular halves, +which can be bolted together, to facilitate application to, or removal +from, a shaft. -- Pulley block. Same as Block, n. 6. -- Pulley stile +(Arch.), the upright of the window frame into which a pulley is fixed +and along which the sash slides. -- Split pulley, a parting pulley. + +Pul"ley, v. t. To raise or lift by means of a pulley. [R.] Howell. + +Pul"li*cate (?), n. A kind of checked cotton or silk handkerchief. + +Pull"man car` (?). [Named after Mr. Pullman, who introduced them.] A +kind of sleeping car; also, a palace car; -- often shortened to +Pullman. + +Pul"lu*late (?), v. i. [L. pullulatus, p. p. of pullulare to sprout, +from pullulus a young animal, a sprout, dim. of pullus. See pullet.] To +germinate; to bud; to multiply abundantly. Warburton. + +Pul`lu*la"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. pullulation.] A germinating, or budding. +Dr. H. More. + +||Pul"lus (?), n.; pl. Pulli (#). [L.] (Zoˆl.) A chick; a young bird in +||the downy stage. + +||Pul`mo*bran`chi*a"ta (?), n. pl. [NL.], Pul`mo*bran"chi*ate. (&?;), +||a. & n. (Zoˆl.) Same as Pulmonibranchiata, - ate. + +Pul`mo*cu*ta"ne*ous (?), a. [L. pulmo a lung + E. cutaneous.] (Anat.) +Of or pertaining to the lungs and the akin; as, the pulmocutaneous +arteries of the frog. + +||Pul`mo*gas`te*rop"o*da (?), n. pl. [NL. & E. Gasteropoda.] (Zoˆl.) +||Same as Pulmonata. + +Pul"mo*grade (?), a. [L. pulmo a lung + gradi to walk.] (Zoˆl.) +Swimming by the expansion and contraction, or lunglike movement, of the +body, or of the disk, as do the medusÊ. + +Pul*mom"e*ter (?), n. [L. pulmo a lung + -meter.] (Physiol.) A +spirometer. + +Pul"mo*na"ri*an (?), n. (Zoˆl.) Any arachnid that breathes by lunglike +organs, as the spiders and scorpions. Also used adjectively. + +Pul"mo*na*ry (?), a. [L. pulmonarius, from pulmo, -onis, a lung; of +uncertain origin, perh. named from its lightness, and akin to E. float: +cf. F. pulmonaire. Cf. Pneumonia.] Of or pertaining to the lungs; +affecting the lungs; pulmonic. + +Pulmonary artery. See the Note under Artery. + +Pul"mo*na*ry, n. [Cf. F. pulmonaire. See Pulmonary, a. ] (Bot.) +Lungwort. Ainsworth. + +||Pul`mo*na"ta (?), n. pl. [NL., from L. pulmo, -onis, a lung.] (Zoˆl.) +||An extensive division, or sub-class, of hermaphrodite gastropods, in +||which the mantle cavity is modified into an air-breathing organ, as +||in Helix, or land snails, Limax, or garden slugs, and many pond +||snails, as LimnÊa and Planorbis. + +Pul"mo*nate (?), a. (Zoˆl.) (a) Having breathing organs that act as +lungs. (b) Pertaining to the Pulmonata. -- n. One of the Pulmonata. + +Pul"mo*na`ted (?), a. same as Pulmonate (a). + +||Pul`mo*ni*bran`chi*a"ta (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. L. pulmo, -onis, a lung +||+ Gr. &?; a gill.] (Zoˆl.) Same as Pulmonata. + +Pul`mo*ni*bran"chi*ate (?), a. & n. (Zoˆl.) Same as Pulmonate. + +Pul*mon"ic (?), a. [L. pulmo, -onis, a lung: cf. F. pulmonique.] +Relating to, or affecting the lungs; pulmonary. -- n. A pulmonic +medicine. + +||Pul`mo*nif"e*ra (?), n. pl. [NL. See Pulmoniferous.] (Zoˆl.) Same as +||Pulmonata. + +Pul`mo*nif"er*ous (?), a. [L. pulmo, -onis, a lung + -ferous.] (Zoˆl.) +Having lungs; pulmonate. + +Pulp (?), n. [L. pulpa flesh, pith, pulp of fruit: cf. F. pulpe.] A +moist, slightly cohering mass, consisting of soft, undissolved animal +or vegetable matter. Specifically: (a) (Anat.) A tissue or part +resembling pulp; especially, the soft, highly vascular and sensitive +tissue which fills the central cavity, called the pulp cavity, of +teeth. (b) (Bot.) The soft, succulent part of fruit; as, the pulp of a +grape. (c) The exterior part of a coffee berry. B. Edwards. (d) The +material of which paper is made when ground up and suspended in water. + +Pulp, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pulped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pulping.] 1. To +reduce to pulp. + +2. To deprive of the pulp, or integument. + + The other mode is to pulp the coffee immediately as it comes from + the tree. By a simple machine a man will pulp a bushel in a minute. + + +B. Edwards. + +Pul`pa*toon" (?), n. [F. poulpeton, poupeton, a sort of ragout.] A kind +of delicate confectionery or cake, perhaps made from the pulp of fruit. +[Obs.] Nares. + +Pulp"i*ness (?), n. the quality or state of being pulpy. + +Pul"pit (?), n. [L. pulpitum: cf. OF. pulpite, F. pulpitre.] + +1. An elevated place, or inclosed stage, in a church, in which the +clergyman stands while preaching. + + I stand like a clerk in my pulpit. + + +Chaucer. + +2. The whole body of the clergy; preachers as a class; also, preaching. + + I say the pulpit (in the sober use Of its legitimate, peculiar + powers) Must stand acknowledged, while the world shall stand, The + most important and effectual guard, Support, and ornament of + virtue's cause. + + +Cowper. + +3. A desk, or platform, for an orator or public speaker. + +Pul"pit, a. Of or pertaining to the pulpit, or preaching; as, a pulpit +orator; pulpit eloquence. + +Pul"pit*ed (?), a. Placed in a pulpit. [R.] + + Sit . . . at the feet of a pulpited divine. + + +Milton. + +Pul*pit*eer" (?), n. One who speaks in a pulpit; a preacher; -- so +called in contempt. Howell. + + We never can think it sinful that Burns should have been humorous + on such a pulpiteer. + + +Prof. Wilson. + +Pul"pit*er (?), n. A preacher. [Obs.] + +Pul*pit"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to the pulpit; suited to the +pulpit. [R.] -- Pul*pit"ic*al*ly, adv. [R.] Chesterfield. + +Pul"pit*ish (?), a. Of or pertaining to the pulpit; like preaching. +Chalmers. + +Pul"pit*ry (?), n. The teaching of the pulpit; preaching. [R. & Obs.] " +Mere pulpitry." Milton. + +Pulp"ous (?), a. [L. pulposus: cf. F. pulpeux. See Pulp.] Containing +pulp; pulpy. " Pulpous fruit." J. Philips. -- Pulp"ous*ness, n. + +Pulp"y (?), n. Like pulp; consisting of pulp; soft; fleshy; succulent; +as, the pulpy covering of a nut; the pulpy substance of a peach or a +cherry. + +||Pul"que (?), n. [Sp.] An intoxicating Mexican drink. See Agave. + +Pul"sate (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Pulsated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Pulsating.] [L. pulsatus, p. p. of pulsare to beat, strike, v. intens. +fr. pellere to beat, strike, drive. See Pulse a beating, and cf. Pulse, +v.] To throb, as a pulse; to beat, as the heart. + + The heart of a viper or frog will continue to pulsate long after it + is taken from the body. + + +E. Darwin. + +Pul"sa*tile (?), a. [Cf. It. pulsatile, Sp. pulsatil.] 1. Capable of +being struck or beaten; played by beating or by percussion; as, a +tambourine is a pulsatile musical instrument. + +2. Pulsating; throbbing, as a tumor. + +||Pul`sa*til"la (?), n. [NL.] (Bot.) A genus of ranunculaceous herbs +||including the pasque flower. This genus is now merged in Anemone. +||Some species, as Anemone Pulsatilla, Anemone pratensis, and Anemone +||patens, are used medicinally. + +Pul*sa"tion (?), n. [L. pulsatio a beating or striking: cf. F. +pulsation.] 1. (Physiol.) A beating or throbbing, especially of the +heart or of an artery, or in an inflamed part; a beat of the pulse. + +2. A single beat or throb of a series. + +3. A stroke or impulse by which some medium is affected, as in the +propagation of sounds. + +4. (Law) Any touching of another's body willfully or in anger. This +constitutes battery. + + By the Cornelian law, pulsation as well as verberation is + prohibited. + + +Blackstone. + +Pul"sa*tive (?), a. [Cf. F. pulsatif.] Beating; throbbing. + +Pul*sa"tor (?), n. [L.] 1. A beater; a striker. + +2. (Mech.) That which beats or throbs in working. + +Pul"sa*to*ry (?), a. [Cf. F. pulsatoire.] Capable of pulsating; +throbbing. Sir H. Wotton. . + +Pulse (?), n. [OE. puls, L. puls, pultis, a thick pap or pottage made +of meal, pulse, etc. See Poultice, and cf. Pousse.] Leguminous plants, +or their seeds, as beans, pease, etc. + + If all the world Should, in a pet of temperance, feed on pulse. + + +Milton. + +Pulse, n. [OE. pous, OF. pous, F. pouls, fr. L. pulsus (sc. venarum), +the beating of the pulse, the pulse, from pellere, pulsum, to beat, +strike; cf. Gr. &?; to swing, shake, &?; to shake. Cf. Appeal, Compel, +Impel, Push.] 1. (Physiol.) The beating or throbbing of the heart or +blood vessels, especially of the arteries. + +In an artery the pulse is due to the expansion and contraction of the +elastic walls of the artery by the action of the heart upon the column +of blood in the arterial system. On the commencement of the diastole of +the ventricle, the semilunar valves are closed, and the aorta recoils +by its elasticity so as to force part of its contents into the vessels +farther onwards. These, in turn, as they already contain a certain +quantity of blood, expand, recover by an elastic recoil, and transmit +the movement with diminished intensity. Thus a series of movements, +gradually diminishing in intensity, pass along the arterial system (see +the Note under Heart). For the sake of convenience, the radial artery +at the wrist is generally chosen to detect the precise character of the +pulse. The pulse rate varies with age, position, sex, stature, physical +and psychical influences, etc. + +2. Any measured or regular beat; any short, quick motion, regularly +repeated, as of a medium in the transmission of light, sound, etc.; +oscillation; vibration; pulsation; impulse; beat; movement. + + The measured pulse of racing oars. + + +Tennyson. + + When the ear receives any simple sound, it is struck by a single + pulse of the air, which makes the eardrum and the other membranous + parts vibrate according to the nature and species of the stroke. + + +Burke. + +Pulse glass, an instrument consisting to a glass tube with terminal +bulbs, and containing ether or alcohol, which the heat of the hand +causes to boil; -- so called from the pulsating motion of the liquid +when thus warmed. -- Pulse wave (Physiol.), the wave of increased +pressure started by the ventricular systole, radiating from the +semilunar valves over the arterial system, and gradually disappearing +in the smaller branches. + + the pulse wave travels over the arterial system at the rate of + about 29.5 feet in a second. + + +H. N. Martin. + +-- To feel one's pulse. (a) To ascertain, by the sense of feeling, the +condition of the arterial pulse. (b) Hence, to sound one's opinion; to +try to discover one's mind. + +Pulse, v. i. To beat, as the arteries; to move in pulses or beats; to +pulsate; to throb. Ray. + +Pulse, v. t. [See Pulsate, Pulse a beating.] To drive by a pulsation; +to cause to pulsate. [R.] + +Pulse"less, a. Having no pulsation; lifeless. + +Pulse"less*ness, n. The state of being pulseless. + +Pul*sif"ic (?), a. [Pulse + L. facere to make.] Exciting the pulse; +causing pulsation. + +Pul*sim"e*ter (?), n. [Pulse + -meter.] (Physiol.) A sphygmograph. + +Pul"sion (?), n. [L. pulsio, fr. pellere, pulsum, to drive: cf. F. +pulsion.] The act of driving forward; propulsion; -- opposed to suction +or traction. [R.] + +<! p. 1162 !> + +Pul"sive (?), a. Tending to compel; compulsory. [R.] "The pulsive +strain of conscience." Marston. + +Pul*som"e*ter (?), n. [Pulse + -meter.] + +1. A device, with valves, for raising water by steam, partly by +atmospheric pressure, and partly by the direct action of the steam on +the water, without the intervention of a piston; -- also called vacuum +pump. + +2. A pulsimeter. + +Pult (?), v. t. To put. [Obs.] Piers Plowman. + +Pul*ta"ceous (?), a. [Cf. F. pultacÈ. See 1st Pulse.] Macerated; +softened; nearly fluid. + +{ Pul"tesse (?), Pul"tise (?), } n. Poultry. [Obs.] Chaucer. + +||Pu"lu (?), n. A vegetable substance consisting of soft, elastic, +||yellowish brown chaff, gathered in the Hawaiian Islands from the +||young fronds of free ferns of the genus Cibotium, chiefly C. +||Menziesii; -- used for stuffing mattresses, cushions, etc., and as an +||absorbent. + +Pul"ver*a*ble (?), a. Capable of being reduced to fine powder. Boyle. + +Pul`ver*a"ceous (?), a. (Bot.) Having a finely powdered surface; +pulverulent. + +Pul"ver*ate (?), v. t. [L. pulveratus, p. p. of pulverare to pulverize. +See Pulverize.] To beat or reduce to powder or dust; to pulverize. [R.] + +Pul"ver*ine (?), n. [L. pulvis, pulveris, dust, powder; cf. F. +pulvÈrin.] Ashes of barilla. Ure. + +Pul"ver*i`za*ble (?), a. Admitting of being pulverized; pulverable. +Barton. + +Pul`ver*i*za"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. pulvÈrisation.] The action of +reducing to dust or powder. + +Pul"ver*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pulverized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Pulverizing (?).] [F. pulvÈriser, L. pulverizare, fr. pulvis dust, +powder. See Powder.] To reduce of fine powder or dust, as by beating, +grinding, or the like; as, friable substances may be pulverized by +grinding or beating, but to pulverize malleable bodies other methods +must be pursued. + +Pul"ver*ize, v. i. To become reduced to powder; to fall to dust; as, +the stone pulverizes easily. + +Pul"ver*i`zer (?), n. One who, or that which, pulverizes. + +Pul"ver*ous (?), a. [Cf. L. pulvereus, from pulvis, pulveris, dust, +powder.] Consisting of dust or powder; like powder. + +Pul*ver"u*lence (?), n. The state of being pulverulent; abundance of +dust or powder; dustiness. + +Pul*ver"u*lent (?), a. [L. pulverulentus, fr. pulvis, pulveris, dust, +powder: cf. F. pulvÈrulent.] Consisting of, or reducible to, fine +powder; covered with dust or powder; powdery; dusty. + +Pul"vil (?), n. [It. polviglio, fr. L. pulvis, pulveris, dust, powder: +cf. Sp. polvillo.] A sweet-scented powder; pulvillio. [Written also +pulville.] [Obs.] Gay. + +Pul"vil, v. t. To apply pulvil to. [Obs.] Congreve. + +{ Pul*vil"li*o (?), Pul*vil"lo (?), } n. [See Pulvil.] A kind of +perfume in the form of a powder, formerly much used, -- often in little +bags. + + Smells of incense, ambergris, and pulvillios. + + +Addison. + +||Pul*vil"lus (?), n.; pl. Pulvilli (#). [L., a little cushion.] +||(Zoˆl.) One of the minute cushions on the feet of certain insects. + +||Pul*vi"nar (?), n. [L., a cushion.] (Anat.) A prominence on the +||posterior part of the thalamus of the human brain. + +{ Pul"vi*nate (?), Pul"vi*na`ted (?), } a. [L. pulvinatus, fr. pulvinus +a cushion, an elevation.] 1. (Arch.) Curved convexly or swelled; as, a +pulvinated frieze. Brande & C. + +2. (Zoˆl.) Having the form of a cushion. + +Pul*vin"ic (?), a. [From Vulpinic, by transposition of the letters.] +(Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, an acid obtained by the +decomposition of vulpinic acid, as a white crystalline substance. + +||Pul*vin"u*lus (?), n.; pl. Pulvinuli (#). [L., a little mound.] +||(Zoˆl.) Same as Pulvillus. + +Pu"ma (p"m), n. [Peruv. puma.] (Zoˆl.) A large American carnivore +(Felis concolor), found from Canada to Patagonia, especially among the +mountains. Its color is tawny, or brownish yellow, without spots or +stripes. Called also catamount, cougar, American lion, mountain lion, +and panther or painter. + +Pume (?), n. (Zoˆl.) A stint. + +Pu"mi*cate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pumicated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Pumicating.] [L. pumicatus, p. p. of pumicare to pumicate, fr. pumex. +See Pumice.] To make smooth with pumice. [R.] + +Pum"ice (?), n. [L. pumex, pumicis, prob. akin to spuma foam: cf. AS. +pumic- stn. Cf. Pounce a powder, Spume.] (Min.) A very light porous +volcanic scoria, usually of a gray color, the pores of which are +capillary and parallel, giving it a fibrous structure. It is supposed +to be produced by the disengagement of watery vapor without liquid or +plastic lava. It is much used, esp. in the form of powder, for +smoothing and polishing. Called also pumice stone. + +Pum"iced (?), a. (Far.) Affected with a kind of chronic laminitis in +which there is a growth of soft spongy horn between the coffin bone and +the hoof wall. The disease is called pumiced foot, or pumice foot. + +Pu*mi`ceous (?), a. [L. pumiceus.] Of or pertaining to pumice; +resembling pumice. + +Pum"ice stone` (?). Same as Pumice. + +Pu*mic"i*form (?), a. [Pumice + -form.] Resembling, or having the +structure of, pumice. + +Pum"mace (?), n. Same as Pomace. + +Pum"mel (?), n. & v. t. Same as Pommel. + +Pump (pmp), n. [Probably so called as being worn for pomp or ornament. +See Pomp.] A low shoe with a thin sole. Swift. + +Pump, n. [Akin to D. pomp, G. pumpe, F. pompe; of unknown origin.] An +hydraulic machine, variously constructed, for raising or transferring +fluids, consisting essentially of a moving piece or piston working in a +hollow cylinder or other cavity, with valves properly placed for +admitting or retaining the fluid as it is drawn or driven through them +by the action of the piston. + +for various kinds of pumps, see Air pump, Chain pump, and Force pump; +also, under Lifting, Plunger, Rotary, etc. + +Circulating pump (Steam Engine), a pump for driving the condensing +water through the casing, or tubes, of a surface condenser. -- Pump +brake. See Pump handle, below. -- Pump dale. See Dale. -- Pump gear, +the apparatus belonging to a pump. Totten. -- Pump handle, the lever, +worked by hand, by which motion is given to the bucket of a pump. -- +Pump hood, a semicylindrical appendage covering the upper wheel of a +chain pump. -- Pump rod, the rod to which the bucket of a pump is +fastened, and which is attached to the brake or handle; the piston rod. +-- Pump room, a place or room at a mineral spring where the waters are +drawn and drunk. [Eng.] -- Pump spear. Same as Pump rod, above. -- Pump +stock, the stationary part, body, or barrel of a pump. -- Pump well. +(Naut.) See Well. + +Pump, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pumped (pmt; 215); p. pr. & vb. n. pumping.] +1. To raise with a pump, as water or other liquid. + +2. To draw water, or the like, from; to from water by means of a pump; +as, they pumped the well dry; to pump a ship. + +3. Figuratively, to draw out or obtain, as secrets or money, by +persistent questioning or plying; to question or ply persistently in +order to elicit something, as information, money, etc. + + But pump not me for politics. + + +Otway. + +Pump, v. i. To work, or raise water, a pump. + +Pump"age (?), n. That which is raised by pumps, or the work done by +pumps. + + The pumpage last year amounted to . . . gallons. + + +Sci. Amer. + +Pump"er (?), n. One who pumps; the instrument or machine used in +pumping. Boyle. + +Pump"er*nick`el (?), n. [G.] A sort of bread, made of unbolted rye, +which forms the chief food of the Westphalian peasants. It is acid but +nourishing. + +Pum"pet (?), n. A pompet. + +Pumpet ball (Print.), a ball for inking types; a pompet. + +Pump"ing, a. & n. from pump. + +Pumping engine, a steam engine and pump combined for raising water. See +Steam engine. + +Pump"ion (?), n. (Bot.) See Pumpkin. + +Pump"kin (?), n. [For older pompion, pompon, OF. pompon, L. pepo, +peponis, Gr. &?;, properly, cooked by the sun, ripe, mellow; -- so +called because not eaten till ripe. Cf. Cook, n.] (Bot.) A well-known +trailing plant (Cucurbita pepo) and its fruit, -- used for cooking and +for feeding stock; a pompion. + +Pumpkin seed. (a) The flattish oval seed of the pumpkin. (b) (Zoˆl.) +The common pondfish. + +Pu"my (?), a. [Cf. Prov. E. pummer big, large, and E. pomey pommel.] +Large and rounded. [Obs.] + + A gentle stream, whose murmuring wave did play Amongst the pumy + stones. + + +Spenser. + +Pun (?), v. t. [See Pound to beat.] To pound. [Obs.] + + He would pun thee into shivers with his fist. + + +Shak. + +Pun, n. [Cf. Pun to pound, Pound to beat.] A play on words which have +the same sound but different meanings; an expression in which two +different applications of a word present an odd or ludicrous idea; a +kind of quibble or equivocation. Addison. + + A better put on this word was made on the Beggar's Opera, which, it + was said, made Gay rich, and Rich gay. + + +Walpole. + +Pun, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Punned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Punning.] To make +puns, or a pun; to use a word in a double sense, especially when the +contrast of ideas is ludicrous; to play upon words; to quibble. Dryden. + +Pun, v. t. To persuade or affect by a pun. Addison. + +Punch (?), n. [Hind. pnch five, Skr. pa&?;can. So called because +composed of five ingredients, viz., sugar, arrack, spice, water, and +lemon juice. See Five.] A beverage composed of wine or distilled +liquor, water (or milk), sugar, and the juice of lemon, with spice or +mint; -- specifically named from the kind of spirit used; as rum punch, +claret punch, champagne punch, etc. + +Milk punch, a sort of punch made with spirit, milk, sugar, spice, etc. +-- Punch bowl, a large bowl in which punch is made, or from which it is +served. -- Roman punch, a punch frozen and served as an ice. + +Punch, n. [Abbrev, fr. punchinello.] The buffoon or harlequin of a +puppet show. + +Punch and Judy, a puppet show in which a comical little hunchbacked +Punch, with a large nose, engages in altercation with his wife Judy. + +Punch (?), n. [Prov. E. Cf. Punchy.] 1. A short, fat fellow; anything +short and thick. + + I . . . did hear them call their fat child punch, which pleased me + mightily, that word being become a word of common use for all that + is thick and short. + + +Pepys. + +2. One of a breed of large, heavy draught horses; as, the Suffolk +punch. + +Punch, v. t. [OE. punchen, perhaps the same word as E. punish: or cf. +E. bunch.] To thrust against; to poke; as, to punch one with the end of +a stick or the elbow. + +Punch, n. A thrust or blow. [Colloq.] + +Punch, n. [Abbrev. fr. puncheon.] 1. A tool, usually of steel, +variously shaped at one end for different uses, and either solid, for +stamping or for perforating holes in metallic plates and other +substances, or hollow and sharpedged, for cutting out blanks, as for +buttons, steel pens, jewelry, and the like; a die. + +2. (Pile Driving) An extension piece applied to the top of a pile; a +dolly. + +3. A prop, as for the roof of a mine. + +Bell punch. See under Bell. -- Belt punch (Mach.), a punch, or punch +pliers, for making holes for lacings in the ends of driving belts. -- +Punch press. See Punching machine, under Punch, v. i. -- Punch pliers, +pliers having a tubular, sharp- edged steel punch attached to one of +the jaws, for perforating leather, paper, and the like. + +Punch, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Punched (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Punching.] +[From Punch, n., a tool; cf. F. poinÁonner.] To perforate or stamp with +an instrument by pressure, or a blow; as, to punch a hole; to punch +ticket. + +Punching machine, or Punching press, a machine tool for punching holes +in metal or other material; -- called also punch press. + +Punch"eon (?), n. [F. poinÁon awl, bodkin, crown, king-post, fr. L. +punctio a pricking, fr. pungere to prick. See Pungent, and cf. Punch a +tool, Punction.] + +1. A figured stamp, die, or punch, used by goldsmiths, cutlers, etc. + +2. (Carp.) A short, upright piece of timber in framing; a short post; +an intermediate stud. Oxf. Gloss. + +3. A split log or heavy slab with the face smoothed; as, a floor made +of puncheons. [U.S.] Bartlett. + +4. [F. poinÁon, perh. the same as poinÁon an awl.] A cask containing, +sometimes 84, sometimes 120, gallons. + +Punch"er (?), n. One who, or that which, punches. + +Pun"chin (?), n. See Puncheon. + +Pun`chi*nel"lo (?), n. [It. pulcinella, probably originally a word of +endearment, dim. of pulcina, pulcino, a chicken, from L. pullicenus, +pullus. See Pullet.] A punch; a buffoon; originally, in a puppet show, +a character represented as fat, short, and humpbacked. Spectator. + +Punch"y (?), a. [Perhaps for paunchy, from paunch. See 3d Punch.] Short +and thick, or fat. + +{ Punc"ta*ted (?), Punc"ta*ted (?), } a. [From L. punctum point. See +Point .] 1. Pointed; ending in a point or points. + +2. (Nat. Hist.) Dotted with small spots of color, or with minute +depressions or pits. + +Punc*ta"tor (?), n. One who marks with points. specifically, one who +writes Hebrew with points; -- applied to a Masorite. E. Robinson. + +Punc*tic"u*lar (?), a. Comprised in, or like, a point; exact. [Obs. & +R.] Sir T. Browne. + +Punc"ti*form (?), a. [L. punctum point + -form.] Having the form of a +point. + +Punc*til"io (pk*tl"y), n.; pl. Punctilios (- yz). [It. puntiglio, or +Sp. puntillo, dim. fr. L. punctum point. See Point, n.] A nice point of +exactness in conduct, ceremony, or proceeding; particularity or +exactness in forms; as, the punctilios of a public ceremony. + + They will not part with the least punctilio in their opinions and + practices. + + +Fuller. + +Punc*til"ious (-ys), a. [Cf. It. puntiglioso, Sp. puntilloso.] +Attentive to punctilio; very nice or exact in the forms of behavior, +etiquette, or mutual intercourse; precise; exact in the smallest +particulars. "A punctilious observance of divine laws." Rogers. "Very +punctilious copies of any letters." The Nation. + + Punctilious in the simple and intelligible instances of common + life. + + +I. Taylor. + +-- Punc*til"ious*ly, adv. -- Punc*til"ious*ness, n. + +Punc"tion (?), n. [L. punctio, fr. pungere, punctum, to prick: cf. F. +ponction. Cf. Puncheon.] A puncturing, or pricking; a puncture. + +Punc"tist (?), n. A punctator. E. Henderson. + +Punc"to (?), n. [See Punto.] 1. A nice point of form or ceremony. +Bacon. + +2. A term applied to the point in fencing. Farrow. + +Punc"tu*al (?), a. [F. ponctuel (cf. Sp. puntual, It. puntuale), from +L. punctum point. See Point.] 1. Consisting in a point; limited to a +point; unextended. [R.] "This punctual spot." Milton. + + The theory of the punctual existence of the soul. + + +Krauth. + +2. Observant of nice points; punctilious; precise. + + Punctual to tediousness in all that he relates. + + +Bp. Burnet. + + So much on punctual niceties they stand. + + +C. Pitt. + +3. Appearing or done at, or adhering exactly to, a regular or an +appointed time; precise; prompt; as, a punctual man; a punctual +payment. "The race of the undeviating and punctual sun." Cowper. + + These sharp strokes [of a pendulum], with their inexorably steady + intersections, so agree with our successive thoughts that they seem + like the punctual stops counting off our very souls into the past. + + +J. Martineau. + +<! p. 1163 !> + +Punc"tu*al*ist (?), n. One who is very exact in observing forms and +ceremonies. Milton. + +Punc`tu*al"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. ponctualitÈ.] The quality or state of +being punctual; especially, adherence to the exact time of an +engagement; exactness. + +Punc"tu*al*ly (?), adv. In a punctual manner; promptly; exactly. + +Punc"tu*al*ness, n. Punctuality; exactness. + +Punc"tu*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Punctuated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Punctuating.] [Cf. F. ponctuer. See Punctual.] To mark with points; to +separate into sentences, clauses, etc., by points or stops which mark +the proper pauses in expressing the meaning. + +Punc`tu*a"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. ponctuation.] (Gram.) The act or art of +punctuating or pointing a writing or discourse; the art or mode of +dividing literary composition into sentences, and members of a +sentence, by means of points, so as to elucidate the author's meaning. + +Punctuation, as the term is usually understood, is chiefly performed +with four points: the period [.], the colon [:], the semicolon [;], and +the comma [,]. Other points used in writing and printing, partly +rhetorical and partly grammatical, are the note of interrogation [?], +the note of exclamation [!], the parentheses [()], the dash [--], and +brackets []. It was not until the 16th century that an approach was +made to the present system of punctuation by the Manutii of Venice. +With Caxton, oblique strokes took the place of commas and periods. + +Punc"tu*a*tive (?), a. Of or belonging to points of division; relating +to punctuation. + + The punctuative intonation of feeble cadence. + + +Rush. + +Punc"tu*a`tor (?), n. One who punctuates, as in writing; specifically, +a punctator. + +Punc"tu*ist, n. A punctator. + +{ Punc"tu*late (?), Punc"tu*la`ted (?), } a. [L. punctulum, dim. of +punctum point.] Marked with small spots. + + The studs have their surface punctulated, as if set all over with + other studs infinitely lesser. + + +Woodward. + +||Punc"tum (?), n. [L., a point.] A point. + +||Punctum cÊcum. [L., blind point.] (Anat.) Same as Blind spot, under +||Blind. -- ||Punctum proximum, near point. See under Point. -- +||||Punctum remotum, far point. See under Point. -- ||Punctum +||vegetationis [L., point of vegetation] (Bot.), the terminal cell of a +||stem, or of a leaf bud, from which new growth originates. + +Punc`tu*ra"tion (?), n. The act or process of puncturing. See +Acupuncture. + +Punc"ture (?), n. [L. punctura, fr. pungere, punctum, to prick. See +Pungent.] 1. The act of puncturing; perforating with something pointed. + +2. A small hole made by a point; a slight wound, bite, or sting; as, +the puncture of a nail, needle, or pin. + + A lion may perish by the puncture of an asp. + + +Rambler. + +Punc"ture, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Punctured (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Puncturing.] To pierce with a small, pointed instrument, or the like; +to prick; to make a puncture in; as, to puncture the skin. + +Punc"tured (?), a. 1. Having the surface covered with minute +indentations or dots. + +2. (Med.) Produced by puncture; having the characteristics of a +puncture; as, a punctured wound. + +Pun"dit (?), n. [Hind. pandit, Skr. pandita a learned man.] A learned +man; a teacher; esp., a Brahman versed in the Sanskrit language, and in +the science, laws, and religion of the Hindoos; in Cashmere, any clerk +or native official. [Written also pandit.] [India] + +Pun"dle (?), n. [Cf. Bundle.] A short and fat woman; a squab. [Obs.] + +Pu"nese (?), n. [F. punaise, fr. punais stinking, fr. L. putere.] +(Zoˆl.) A bedbug. [R or Obs.] + +Pung (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] A kind of plain sleigh drawn by one +horse; originally, a rude oblong box on runners. [U.S.] + + Sledges or pungs, coarsely framed of split saplings, and surmounted + with a large crockery crate. + + +Judd. + + They did not take out the pungs to- day. + + +E. E. Hale. + +Pun"gence (?), n. [See Pungent.] Pungency. + +Pun"gen*cy (?), n. The quality or state of being pungent or piercing; +keenness; sharpness; piquancy; as, the pungency of ammonia. "The +pungency of menaces." Hammond. + +Pun"gent (?), a. [L. pungens, -entis, p. pr. of pungere, punctum, to +prick. Cf. Compunction, Expunge, Poignant, Point, n., Puncheon, +Punctilio, Punt, v. t.] 1. Causing a sharp sensation, as of the taste, +smell, or feelings; pricking; biting; acrid; as, a pungent spice. + + Pungent radish biting infant's tongue. + + +Shenstone. + + The pungent grains of titillating dust. + + +Pope. + +2. Sharply painful; penetrating; poignant; severe; caustic; stinging. + + With pungent pains on every side. + + +Swift. + + His pungent pen played its part in rousing the nation. + + +J. R. Green. + +3. (Bot.) Prickly-pointed; hard and sharp. + +Syn. -- Acrid; piercing; sharp; penetrating; acute; keen; acrimonious; +biting; stinging. + +Pun"gent*ly, adv. In a pungent manner; sharply. + +Pun"gled (?), a. [Etymol. uncertain.] Shriveled or shrunken; -- said +especially of grain which has lost its juices from the ravages of +insects, such as the wheat midge, or Trips (Thrips cerealium). + +Pung"y (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] A small sloop or shallop, or a +large boat with sails. + +Pu"nic (?), a. [L. Punicus pertaining to Carthage, or its inhabitants, +fr. Poeni the Carthaginians.] + +1. Of or pertaining to the ancient Carthaginians. + +2. Characteristic of the ancient Carthaginians; faithless; treacherous; +as, Punic faith. + + Yes, yes, his faith attesting nations own; 'T is Punic all, and to + a proverb known. + + +H. Brooke. + +Pu"nice (?), n. (Zoˆl.) See Punese. [Obs. or R.] + +Pu"nice, v. t. To punish. [Obs.] Chaucer. + +{ Pu*ni"ceous (?), Pu*ni"cial (?), } a. [L. puniceus, fr. Punicus +Punic.] Of a bright red or purple color. [R.] + +Pu"ni*ness (?), n. The quality or state of being puny; littleness; +pettiness; feebleness. + +Pun"ish (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Punished (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Punishing.] [OE. punischen, F. punir, from L. punire, punitum, akin to +poena punishment, penalty. See Pain, and -ish.] 1. To impose a penalty +upon; to afflict with pain, loss, or suffering for a crime or fault, +either with or without a view to the offender's amendment; to cause to +suffer in retribution; to chasten; as, to punish traitors with death; a +father punishes his child for willful disobedience. + + A greater power Now ruled him, punished in the shape he sinned. + + +Milton. + +2. To inflict a penalty for (an offense) upon the offender; to repay, +as a fault, crime, etc., with pain or loss; as, to punish murder or +treason with death. + +3. To injure, as by beating; to pommel. [Low] + +Syn. -- To chastise; castigate; scourge; whip; lash; correct; +discipline. See Chasten. + +Pun"ish*a*ble (?), a. [Cf. F. punissable.] Deserving of, or liable to, +punishment; capable of being punished by law or right; -- said of +person or offenses. + + That time was, when to be a Protestant, to be a Christian, was by + law as punishable as to be a traitor. + + +Milton. + +-- Pun"ish*a*ble*ness, n. + +Pun"ish*er (?), n. One who inflicts punishment. + +Pun"ish*ment (?), n. 1. The act of punishing. + +2. Any pain, suffering, or loss inflicted on a person because of a +crime or offense. + + I never gave them condign punishment. + + +Shak. + + The rewards and punishments of another life. + + +Locke. + +3. (Law) A penalty inflicted by a court of justice on a convicted +offender as a just retribution, and incidentally for the purposes of +reformation and prevention. + +Pu*ni"tion (?), n. [L. punitio: cf. F. punition. See Punish.] +Punishment. [R.] Mir. for Mag. + +Pu"ni*tive (?), a. Of or pertaining to punishment; involving, awarding, +or inflicting punishment; as, punitive law or justice. + + If death be punitive, so, likewise, is the necessity imposed upon + man of toiling for his subsistence. + + +I. Taylor. + + We shall dread a blow from the punitive hand. + + +Bagehot. + +Pu"ni*to*ry (?), a. Punishing; tending to punishment; punitive. + + God . . . may make moral evil, as well as natural, at the same time + both prudential and punitory. + + +A. Tucker. + +Punk (?), n. [Cf. Spunk.] 1. Wood so decayed as to be dry, crumbly, and +useful for tinder; touchwood. + +2. A fungus (Polyporus fomentarius, etc.) sometimes dried for tinder; +agaric. + +3. An artificial tinder. See Amadou, and Spunk. + +4. A prostitute; a strumpet. [Obsoles.] Shak. + +||Pun"ka (?), n. [Hind. pankh fan.] A machine for fanning a room, +||usually a movable fanlike frame covered with canvas, and suspended +||from the ceiling. It is kept in motion by pulling a cord. [Hindostan] +||[Written also punkah.] Malcom. + +Pun"kin (?), n. A pumpkin. [Colloq. U. S.] + +Punk"ling (?), n. A young strumpet. [Obs.] + +Pun"ner (?), n. A punster. Beau. & Fl. + +Pun"net (?), n. [Cf. Ir. buinne a shoot, branch.] A broad, shallow +basket, for displaying fruit or flowers. + +Pun*nol"o*gy (?), n. [Pun + - logy.] The art or practice of punning; +paronomasia. [R.] Pope. + +Pun"ster (?), n. One who puns, or is skilled in, or given to, punning; +a quibbler; a low wit. + +Punt (?), v. i. [F. ponter, or It. puntare, fr. L. punctum point. See +Point.] To play at basset, baccara, faro. or omber; to gamble. + + She heard . . . of his punting at gaming tables. + + +Thackeray. + +Punt, n. Act of playing at basset, baccara, faro, etc. + +Punt, n. [AS., fr. L. ponto punt, pontoon. See Pontoon.] (Naut.) A +flat-bottomed boat with square ends. It is adapted for use in shallow +waters. + +Punt, v. t. 1. To propel, as a boat in shallow water, by pushing with a +pole against the bottom; to push or propel (anything) with exertion. +Livingstone. + +2. (Football) To kick (the ball) before it touches the ground, when let +fall from the hands. + +Punt, n. (Football) The act of punting the ball. + +Punt"er (?), n.[Cf. F. ponte. See Punt, v. t.] One who punts; +specifically, one who plays against the banker or dealer, as in baccara +and faro. Hoyle. + +Punt"er, n. One who punts a football; also, one who propels a punt. + +{ Pun"til (?), Pun"tel (?) }, n. (Glass Making) See Pontee. + +Pun"to (?), n. [It. punto, L. punctum point. See Point.] (Fencing) A +point or hit. + +||Punto diritto [It.], a direct stroke or hit. -- ||Punto reverso [It. +||riverso reverse], a backhanded stroke. Halliwell. "Ah, the immortal +||passado! the punto reverso!" Shak. + +Pun"ty (?), n. (Glass Making) See Pontee. + +Pu"ny (?), a. [Compar. Punier (?); superl. Puniest.] [F. puÓtÈ younger, +later born, OF. puisnÈ; puis afterwards (L. post; see Post-) + nÈ born, +L. natus. See Natal, and cf. Puisne.] Imperfectly developed in size or +vigor; small and feeble; inferior; petty. + + A puny subject strikes at thy great glory. + + +Shak. + + Breezes laugh to scorn our puny speed. + + +Keble. + +Pu"ny (?), n. A youth; a novice. [R.] Fuller. + +Puoy (?), n. Same as Poy, n., 3. + +Pup (?), n. [See Puppy.] (Zoˆl.) (a) A young dog; a puppy. (b) a young +seal. + +Pup, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Pupped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pupping.] To bring +forth whelps or young, as the female of the canine species. + +Pu"pa (?), n.; pl. L. Pup&?; (#), E. Pupas (#). [L. pupa girl. doll, +puppet, fem. of pupus. Cf. Puppet.] 1. (Zoˆl.) Any insect in that stage +of its metamorphosis which usually immediately precedes the adult, or +imago, stage. + +Among insects belonging to the higher orders, as the Hymenoptera, +Diptera, Lepidoptera, the pupa is inactive and takes no food; in the +lower orders it is active and takes food, and differs little from the +imago except in the rudimentary state of the sexual organs, and of the +wings in those that have wings when adult. The term pupa is sometimes +applied to other invertebrates in analogous stages of development. + +2. (Zoˆl.) A genus of air- breathing land snails having an elongated +spiral shell. + +Coarctate, or Obtected, pupa, a pupa which is incased in the dried-up +skin of the larva, as in many Diptera. -- Masked pupa, a pupa whose +limbs are bound down and partly concealed by a chitinous covering, as +in Lepidoptera. + +Pu"pal (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Of or pertaining to a pupa, or the condition of +a pupa. + +Pu"pate (?), v. i. (Zoˆl.) To become a pupa. + +Pu*pa"tion (?), n. (Zoˆl.) the act of becoming a pupa. + +Pupe (?), n. [F.] (Zoˆl.) A pupa. + +Pu*pe"lo (?), n. Cider brandy. [Local, U. S.] Bartlett. + +Pu*pig"er*ous, a. [Pupa + - gerous.] (Zoˆl.) Bearing or containing a +pupa; -- said of dipterous larvÊ which do not molt when the pupa is +formed within them. + +Pu"pil (?), n. [F. pupille, n. fem., L. pupilla the pupil of the eye, +originally dim. of pupa a girl. See Puppet, and cf. Pupil a scholar.] +(Anat.) The aperture in the iris; the sight, apple, or black of the +eye. See the Note under Eye, and Iris. + +Pin-hole pupil (Med.), the pupil of the eye when so contracted (as it +sometimes is in typhus, or opium poisoning) as to resemble a pin hole. +Dunglison. + +Pu"pil, n. [F. pupille, n. masc. & fem., L. pupillus, pupilla, dim. of +pupus boy, pupa girl. See Puppet, and cf. Pupil of the eye.] 1. A youth +or scholar of either sex under the care of an instructor or tutor. + + Too far in years to be a pupil now. + + +Shak. + + Tutors should behave reverently before their pupils. + + +L'Estrange. + +2. A person under a guardian; a ward. Dryden. + +3. (Civil Law) A boy or a girl under the age of puberty, that is, under +fourteen if a male, and under twelve if a female. + +Syn. -- Learner; disciple; tyro. -- See Scholar. + +Pu"pil*age (?), n. The state of being a pupil. + + As sons of kings, loving in pupilage, Have turned to tyrants when + they came to power. + + +Tennyson. + +Pu`pil*lar"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. pupillaritÈ. See Pupillary.] (Scots +Law) The period before puberty, or from birth to fourteen in males, and +twelve in females. + +Pu"pil*la*ry (?), a. [L. pupillaris: cf. F. pupillaire. See Pupil.] 1. +Of or pertaining to a pupil or ward. Johnson. + +2. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the pupil of the eye. + +Pu`pil*lom"e*ter (?), n. [L. pupilla pupil of the eye + -meter.] +(Physiol.) An instrument for measuring the size of the pupil of the +pupil of the eye. + +||Pu*pip"a*ra (?), n. pl. [NL. See Pupiparous.] (Zoˆl.) A division of +||Diptera in which the young are born in a stage like the pupa. It +||includes the sheep tick, horse tick, and other parasites. Called also +||Homaloptera. + +Pu*pip"a*rous (?), a. [Pupa + L. parere to bring forth.] (Zoˆl.) (a) +Bearing, or containing, a pupa; -- said of the matured larvÊ, or larval +skins, of certain Diptera. (b) Of or pertaining to the Pupipara. + +||Pu*piv"o*ra (?), n. pl. [NL. See Pupivorous.] (Zoˆl.) A group of +||parasitic Hymenoptera, including the ichneumon flies, which destroy +||the larvÊ and pupÊ of insects. + +Pu*piv"o*rous (?), a. [Pupa + L. vorare to devour.] (Zoˆl.) Feeding on +the pupÊ of insects. + +Pup"li*can (?), n. Publican. [Obs.] + +Pup"pet (?), n. [OE. popet, OF. poupette; akin to F. poupÈe a doll, +probably from L. puppa, pupa, a girl, doll, puppet. Cf. Poupeton, Pupa, +Pupil, Puppy.] [Written also poppet.] 1. A small image in the human +form; a doll. + +<! p. 1164 !> + +2. A similar figure moved by the hand or by a wire in a mock drama; a +marionette; a wooden actor in a play. + + At the pipes of some carved organ move, The gilded puppets dance. + + +Pope. + +3. One controlled in his action by the will of another; a tool; -- so +used in contempt. Sir W. Scott. + +4. (Mach.) The upright support for the bearing of the spindle in a +lathe. + +Puppet master. Same as Puppetman. -- Puppet play, a puppet show. -- +Puppet player, one who manages the motions of puppets. -- Puppet show, +a mock drama performed by puppets moved by wires. -- Puppet valve, a +valve in the form of a circular disk, which covers a hole in its seat, +and opens by moving bodily away from the seat while remaining parallel +with it, -- used in steam engines, pumps, safety valves, etc. Its edge +is often beveled, and fits in a conical recess in the seat when the +valve is closed. See the valves shown in Illusts. of Plunger pump, and +Safety valve, under Plunger, and Safety. + +Pup"pet*ish (?), a. Resembling a puppet in appearance or action; of the +nature of a puppet. + +Pup"pet*man (?), n. A master of a puppet show. + +Pup"pet*ry (?), n. Action or appearance resembling that of a puppet, or +puppet show; hence, mere form or show; affectation. + + Puppetry of the English laws of divorce. + + +Chambers. + +Pup"py (?), n.; pl. Puppies (#). [F. poupÈe doll, puppet. See Puppet, +and cf. Pup, n.] 1. (Zoˆl.) The young of a canine animal, esp. of the +common dog; a whelp. + +2. A name of contemptuous reproach for a conceited and impertinent +person. + + I found my place taken by an ill-bred, awkward puppy with a money + bag under each arm. + + +Addison. + +Pup"py, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Puppied (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Puppying.] To +bring forth whelps; to pup. + +Pup"py*hood (?), n. The time or state of being a puppy; the time of +being young and undisciplined. + +Pup"py*ish, a. Like a puppy. + +Pup"py*ism (?), n. Extreme meanness, affectation, conceit, or +impudence. A. Chalmers. + +Pur (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Purred (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Purring.] [Of +imitative origin; cf. Prov. G. purren.] To utter a low, murmuring, +continued sound, as a cat does when pleased. [Written also purr.] + +Pur, v. t. To signify or express by purring. Gray. + +Pur, n. The low, murmuring sound made by a cat to express contentment +or pleasure. [Written also purr.] + +||Pu*ra"na (?), n. [Skr. pur&?;, properly. old, ancient, fr. pur +||formerly.] One of a class of sacred Hindoo poetical works in the +||Sanskrit language which treat of the creation, destruction, and +||renovation of worlds, the genealogy and achievements of gods and +||heroes, the reigns of the Manus, and the transactions of their +||descendants. The principal Puranas are eighteen in number, and there +||are the same number of supplementary books called Upa Puranas. + +Pu*ran"ic (?), a. Pertaining to the Puranas. + +Pur"beck beds` (?). [So called from the Isle of Purbeck in England.] +(Geol.) The strata of the Purbeck stone, or Purbeck limestone, +belonging to the Oˆlitic group. See the Chart of Geology. + +Pur"beck stone` (?). (Geol.) A limestone from the Isle of Purbeck in +England. + +Pur"blind` (?), a. [For pure- blind, i. e., wholly blind. See Pure, and +cf. Poreblind.] 1. Wholly blind. "Purblind Argus, all eyes and no +sight." Shak. + +2. Nearsighted, or dim-sighted; seeing obscurely; as, a purblind eye; a +purblind mole. + + The saints have not so sharp eyes to see down from heaven; they be + purblindand sand-blind. + + +Latimer. + + O purblind race of miserable men. + + +Tennyson. + +-- Pur"blind`ly, adv. -- Pur"blind`ness, n. + +Purce"lane (?), n. (Bot.) Purslane. [Obs.] + +Pur"chas*a*ble (?), a. Capable of being bought, purchased, or obtained +for a consideration; hence, venal; corrupt. + + Money being the counterbalance to all things purchasable by it, as + much as you take off from the value of money, so much you add to + the price of things exchanged. + + +Locke. + +Pur"chase (?; 48), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Purchased (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Purchasing.] [OE. purchasen, porchacen, OF. porchacier, purchacier, to +pursue, to seek eagerly, F. pourchasser; OF. pour, por, pur, for (L. +pro) + chacier to pursue, to chase. See Chase.] 1. To pursue and +obtain; to acquire by seeking; to gain, obtain, or acquire. Chaucer. + + That loves the thing he can not purchase. + + +Spenser. + + Your accent is Something finer than you could purchase in so + removed a dwelling. + + +Shak. + + His faults . . . hereditary Rather than purchased. + + +Shak. + +2. To obtain by paying money or its equivalent; to buy for a price; as, +to purchase land, or a house. + + The field which Abraham purchased of the sons of Heth. + + +Gen. xxv. 10. + +3. To obtain by any outlay, as of labor, danger, or sacrifice, etc.; +as, to purchase favor with flattery. + + One poor retiring minute . . . Would purchase thee a thousand + thousand friends. + + +Shak. + + A world who would not purchase with a bruise? + + +Milton. + +4. To expiate by a fine or forfeit. [Obs.] + + Not tears nor prayers shall purchase out abuses. + + +Shak. + +5. (Law) (a) To acquire by any means except descent or inheritance. +Blackstone. (b) To buy for a price. + +6. To apply to (anything) a device for obtaining a mechanical +advantage; to get a purchase upon, or apply a purchase to; as, to +purchase a cannon. + +Pur"chase, v. i. 1. To put forth effort to obtain anything; to strive; +to exert one's self. [Obs.] + + Duke John of Brabant purchased greatly that the Earl of Flanders + should have his daughter in marriage. + + +Ld. Berners. + +2. To acquire wealth or property. [Obs.] + + Sure our lawyers Would not purchase half so fast. + + +J. Webster. + +Pur"chase (?; 48), n. [OE. purchds, F. pourchas eager pursuit. See +Purchase, v. t.] 1. The act of seeking, getting, or obtaining anything. +[Obs.] + + I'll . . . get meat to have thee, Or lose my life in the purchase. + + +Beau. & Fl. + +2. The act of seeking and acquiring property. + +3. The acquisition of title to, or properly in, anything for a price; +buying for money or its equivalent. + + It is foolish to lay out money in the purchase of repentance. + + +Franklin. + +4. That which is obtained, got, or acquired, in any manner, honestly or +dishonestly; property; possession; acquisition. Chaucer. B. Jonson. + + We met with little purchase upon this coast, except two small + vessels of Golconda. + + +De Foe. + + A beauty-waning and distressed widow . . . Made prize and purchase + of his lustful eye. + + +Shak. + +5. That which is obtained for a price in money or its equivalent. "The +scrip was complete evidence of his right in the purchase." Wheaton. + +6. Any mechanical hold, or advantage, applied to the raising or +removing of heavy bodies, as by a lever, a tackle, capstan, and the +like; also, the apparatus, tackle, or device by which the advantage is +gained. + + A politician, to do great things, looks for a power -- what our + workmen call a purchase. + + +Burke. + +7. (Law) Acquisition of lands or tenements by other means than descent +or inheritance, namely, by one's own act or agreement. Blackstone. + +Purchase criminal, robbery. [Obs.] Spenser. -- Purchase money, the +money paid, or contracted to be paid, for anything bought. Berkeley. -- +Worth, or At, [so many] years' purchase, a phrase by which the value or +cost of a thing is expressed in the length of time required for the +income to amount to the purchasing price; as, he bought the estate at a +twenty years' purchase. To say one's life is not worth a day's purchase +in the same as saying one will not live a day, or is in imminent peril. + +Pur"chas*er (?), n. 1. One who purchases; one who acquires property for +a consideration, generally of money; a buyer; a vendee. + +2. (Law) One who acquires an estate in lands by his own act or +agreement, or who takes or obtains an estate by any means other than by +descent or inheritance. + +Pur"dah (?), n. [Per. parda a curtain.] A curtain or screen; also, a +cotton fabric in blue and white stripes, used for curtains. McElrath. + +Pure (?), a. [Compar. Purer (?); superl. Purest.] [OE. pur, F. pur, fr. +L. purus; akin to putus pure, clear, putare to clean, trim, prune, set +in order, settle, reckon, consider, think, Skr. p&?; to clean, and +perh. E. fire. Cf. Putative.] 1. Separate from all heterogeneous or +extraneous matter; free from mixture or combination; clean; mere; +simple; unmixed; as, pure water; pure clay; pure air; pure compassion. + + The pure fetters on his shins great. + + +Chaucer. + + A guinea is pure gold if it has in it no alloy. + + +I. Watts. + +2. Free from moral defilement or quilt; hence, innocent; guileless; +chaste; -- applied to persons. "Keep thyself pure." 1 Tim. v. 22. + + Now the end of the commandment is charity out of a pure heart, and + of a good conscience. + + +1 Tim. i. 5. + +3. Free from that which harms, vitiates, weakens, or pollutes; genuine; +real; perfect; -- applied to things and actions. "Pure religion and +impartial laws." Tickell. "The pure, fine talk of Rome." Ascham. + + Such was the origin of a friendship as warm and pure as any that + ancient or modern history records. + + +Macaulay. + +4. (Script.) Ritually clean; fitted for holy services. + + Thou shalt set them in two rows, six on a row, upon the pure table + before the Lord. + + +Lev. xxiv. 6. + +5. (Phonetics) Of a single, simple sound or tone; -- said of some +vowels and the unaspirated consonants. + +Pure-impure, completely or totally impure. "The inhabitants were +pure-impure pagans." Fuller. -- Pure blue. (Chem.) See Methylene blue, +under Methylene. -- Pure chemistry. See under Chemistry. -- Pure +mathematics, that portion of mathematics which treats of the principles +of the science, or contradistinction to applied mathematics, which +treats of the application of the principles to the investigation of +other branches of knowledge, or to the practical wants of life. See +Mathematics. Davies & Peck (Math. Dict. ) -- Pure villenage (Feudal +Law), a tenure of lands by uncertain services at the will of the lord. +Blackstone. + +Syn. -- Unmixed; clear; simple; real; true; genuine; unadulterated; +uncorrupted; unsullied; untarnished; unstained; stainless; clean; fair; +unspotted; spotless; incorrupt; chaste; unpolluted; undefiled; +immaculate; innocent; guiltless; guileless; holy. + +Pured (?), a. Purified; refined. [Obs.] "Bread of pured wheat." "Pured +gold." Chaucer. + +||Pu`rÈe" (?), n. [F.] A dish made by boiling any article of food to a +||pulp and rubbing it through a sieve; as, a purÈe of fish, or of +||potatoes; especially, a soup the thickening of which is so treated. + +Pure"ly (?), adv. 1. In a pure manner (in any sense of the adjective). + +2. Nicely; prettily. [Archaic] Halliwell. + +Pure"ness, n. The state of being pure (in any sense of the adjective). + +Pur"file (?), n. [See Purfle.] A sort of ancient trimming of tinsel and +thread for women's gowns; -- called also bobbinwork. [Obs.] Piers +Plowman. + +Pur"fle (?), v. t. [OF. pourfiler; pour for + fil a thread, L. filum. +See Profile, and cf. Purl a border.] 1. To decorate with a wrought or +flowered border; to embroider; to ornament with metallic threads; as, +to purfle with blue and white. P. Plowman. + + A goodly lady clad in scarlet red, Purfled with gold and pearl of + rich assay. + + +Spenser. + +2. (Her.) To ornament with a bordure of emines, furs, and the like; +also, with gold studs or mountings. + +{ Pur"fle (?), Pur"flew (?), } n. 1. A hem, border., or trimming, as of +embroidered work. + +2. (Her.) A border of any heraldic fur. + +Pur"fled (?), a. Ornamented; decorated; esp., embroidered on the edges. + +Purfled work (Arch.), delicate tracery, especially in Gothic +architecture. + +Pur"fling (?), n. Ornamentation on the border of a thing; specifically, +the inlaid border of a musical instrument, as a violin. + +Pur"ga*ment (?), n. [L. purgamentum offscourings, washings, expiatory +sacrifice. See Purge.] 1. That which is excreted; excretion. [Obs.] + +2. (Med.) A cathartic; a purgative. [Obs.] Bacon. + +Pur*ga"tion (?), n. [L. purgatio: cf. F. purgation. See Purge.] 1. The +act of purging; the act of clearing, cleansing, or putifying, by +separating and carrying off impurities, or whatever is superfluous; the +evacuation of the bowels. + +2. (Law) The clearing of one's self from a crime of which one was +publicly suspected and accused. It was either canonical, which was +prescribed by the canon law, the form whereof used in the spiritual +court was, that the person suspected take his oath that he was clear of +the matter objected against him, and bring his honest neighbors with +him to make oath that they believes he swore truly; or vulgar, which +was by fire or water ordeal, or by combat. See Ordeal. Wharton. + + Let him put me to my purgation. + + +Shak. + +Pur"ga*tive (?), a. [L. purgativus: cf. F. purgatif.] Having the power +or quality of purging; cathartic. -- n. (Med.) A purging medicine; a +cathartic. + +Pur"ga*tive*ly, adv. In a purgative manner. + +{ Pur`ga*to"ri*al (?), Pur`ga*to"ri*an (?), } a. Of or pertaining to +purgatory; expiatory. + +Pur`ga*to"ri*an, n. One who holds to the doctrine of purgatory. +Boswell. + +Pur"ga*to*ry (?), a. [L. purgatorius.] Tending to cleanse; cleansing; +expiatory. Burke. + +Pur"ga*to*ry, n. [Cf. F. purgatoire.] A state or place of purification +after death; according to the Roman Catholic creed, a place, or a state +believed to exist after death, in which the souls of persons are +purified by expiating such offenses committed in this life as do not +merit eternal damnation, or in which they fully satisfy the justice of +God for sins that have been forgiven. After this purgation from the +impurities of sin, the souls are believed to be received into heaven. + +Purge (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Purged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Purging +(?).] [F. purger, L. purgare; purus pure + agere to make, to do. See +Pure, and Agent.] 1. To cleanse, clear, or purify by separating and +carrying off whatever is impure, heterogeneous, foreign, or +superfluous. "Till fire purge all things new." Milton. + +2. (Med.) To operate on as, or by means of, a cathartic medicine, or in +a similar manner. + +3. To clarify; to defecate, as liquors. + +4. To clear of sediment, as a boiler, or of air, as a steam pipe, by +driving off or permitting escape. + +5. To clear from guilt, or from moral or ceremonial defilement; as, to +purge one of guilt or crime. + + When that he hath purged you from sin. + + +Chaucer. + + Purge me with hyssop, and I shall be clean. + + +Ps. li. 7. + +6. (Law) To clear from accusation, or the charge of a crime or +misdemeanor, as by oath or in ordeal. + +7. To remove in cleansing; to deterge; to wash away; -- often followed +by away. + + Purge away our sins, for thy name's sake. + + +Ps. lxxix. 9. + + We 'll join our cares to purge away Our country's crimes. + + +Addison. + +Purge, v. i. 1. To become pure, as by clarification. + +2. To have or produce frequent evacuations from the intestines, as by +means of a cathartic. + +Purge, n. [Cf. F. purge. See Purge, v. t.] 1. The act of purging. + + The preparative for the purge of paganism of the kingdom of + Northumberland. + + +Fuller. + +2. That which purges; especially, a medicine that evacuates the +intestines; a cathartic. Arbuthnot. + +Pur"ger (?), n. One who, or that which, purges or cleanses; especially, +a cathartic medicine. + +Pur"ger*y (?), n. The part of a sugarhouse where the molasses is +drained off from the sugar. + +Pur"ging (?), a. That purges; cleansing. + +Purging flax (Bot.), an annual European plant of the genus Linum (L. +catharticum); dwarf wild flax; -- so called from its use as a cathartic +medicine. + +Pur"ging, n. (Med.) The act of cleansing; excessive evacuations; +especially, diarrhea. + +Pur"i (?), n. (Chem.) See Euxanthin. + +Pu`ri*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [F. purification, L. purificatio. See Purify.] +1. The act of purifying; the act or operation of separating and +removing from anything that which is impure or noxious, or +heterogeneous or foreign to it; as, the purification of liquors, or of +metals. + +2. The act or operation of cleansing ceremonially, by removing any +pollution or defilement. + + When the days of her purification according to the law of Moses + were accomplished. + + +Luke ii. 22. + +3. A cleansing from guilt or the pollution of sin; the extinction of +sinful desires, appetites, and inclinations. + +Pu"ri*fi*ca*tive (?), a. [Cf. F. purificatif.] Having power to purify; +tending to cleanse. [R.] + +Pu"ri*fi*ca`tor (?), n. One who, or that which, purifies; a purifier. + +Pu*rif"i*ca*to*ry (?), a. [L. purificatorius.] Serving or tending to +purify; purificative. + +Pu"ri*fi`er (?), n. One who, or that which, purifies or cleanses; a +cleanser; a refiner. + +<! p. 1165 !> + +Pu"ri*form (p"r*fÙrm), a. [L. pus, puris, pus + -form: cf. F. +puriforme.] (Med.) In the form of pus. + +Pu"ri*fy (-f), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Purified (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Purifying (?).] [F. purifier, L. purificare; purus pure + -ficare (in +comp.) to make. See Pure, and -fy.] 1. To make pure or clear from +material defilement, admixture, or imperfection; to free from +extraneous or noxious matter; as, to purify liquors or metals; to +purify the blood; to purify the air. + +2. Hence, in figurative uses: (a) To free from guilt or moral +defilement; as, to purify the heart. + + And fit them so Purified to receive him pure. + + +Milton. + +(b) To free from ceremonial or legal defilement. + + And Moses took the blood, and put it upon the horns of the altar, . + . . and purified the altar. + + +Lev. viii. 15. + + Purify both yourselves and your captives. + + +Num. xxxi. 19. + +(c) To free from improprieties or barbarisms; as, to purify a language. +Sprat. + +Pu"ri*fy, v. i. To grow or become pure or clear. + +||Pu"rim (?), n. [Heb. pr, pl. prm, a lot.] A Jewish festival, called +||also the Feast of Lots, instituted to commemorate the deliverance of +||the Jews from the machinations of Haman. Esther ix. 26. + +Pur"ism (?), n. [Cf. F. purisme.] Rigid purity; the quality of being +affectedly pure or nice, especially in the choice of language; +over-solicitude as to purity. "His political purism." De Quincey. + + The English language, however, . . . had even already become too + thoroughly and essentially a mixed tongue for his doctrine of + purism to be admitted to the letter. + + +Craik. + +Pur"ist, n. [Cf. F. puriste.] 1. One who aims at excessive purity or +nicety, esp. in the choice of language. + + He [Fox] . . . purified vocabulary with a scrupulosity unknown to + any purist. + + +Macaulay. + +2. One who maintains that the New Testament was written in pure Greek. +M. Stuart. + +{ Pu*ris"tic (?), Pu*ris"tic*al (?), } a. Of or pertaining to purists +or purism. + +Pu"ri*tan (?), n. [From Purity.] 1. (Eccl. Hist.) One who, in the time +of Queen Elizabeth and the first two Stuarts, opposed traditional and +formal usages, and advocated simpler forms of faith and worship than +those established by law; -- originally, a term of reproach. The +Puritans formed the bulk of the early population of New England. + +The Puritans were afterward distinguished as Political Puritans, +Doctrinal Puritans, and Puritans in Discipline. Hume. + +2. One who is scrupulous and strict in his religious life; -- often +used reproachfully or in contempt; one who has overstrict notions. + + She would make a puritan of the devil. + + +Shak. + +Pu"ri*tan, a. Of or pertaining to the Puritans; resembling, or +characteristic of, the Puritans. + +{ Pu`ri*tan"ic (?), Pu`ri*tan"ic*al (?), } a. 1. Of or pertaining to +the Puritans, or to their doctrines and practice. + +2. Precise in observance of legal or religious requirements; strict; +overscrupulous; rigid; -- often used by way of reproach or contempt. + + Paritanical circles, from which plays and novels were strictly + excluded. + + +Macaulay. + + He had all the puritanic traits, both good and evil. + + +Hawthorne. + +Pu`ri*tan"ic*al*ly, adv. In a puritanical manner. + +Pu"ri*tan*ism (?), n. The doctrines, notions, or practice of Puritans. + +Pu"ri*tan*ize (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Puritanized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Puritanizing (?).] To agree with, or teach, the doctrines of Puritans; +to conform to the practice of Puritans. Bp. Montagu. + +Pu"ri*ty (?), n. [OE. purete, purte, OF. purtÈ, F. puretÈ, from L. +puritas, fr. purus pure. See Pure.] The condition of being pure. +Specifically: (a) freedom from foreign admixture or deleterious matter; +as, the purity of water, of wine, of drugs, of metals. (b) Cleanness; +freedom from foulness or dirt. "The purity of a linen vesture." +Holyday. (c) Freedom from guilt or the defilement of sin; innocence; +chastity; as, purity of heart or of life. (d) Freedom from any sinister +or improper motives or views. (e) Freedom from foreign idioms, or from +barbarous or improper words or phrases; as, purity of style. + +Pur"kin*je's cells` (?). [From J. E. Purkinje, their discoverer.] +(Anat.) Large ganglion cells forming a layer near the surface of the +cerebellum. + +Purl (?), v. t. [Contr. fr. purfile, purfle. See Purfle.] To decorate +with fringe or embroidery. "Nature's cradle more enchased and purled." +B. Jonson. + +Purl, n. 1. An embroidered and puckered border; a hem or fringe, often +of gold or silver twist; also, a pleat or fold, as of a band. + + A triumphant chariot made of carnation velvet, enriched withpurl + and pearl. + + +Sir P. Sidney. + +2. An inversion of stitches in knitting, which gives to the work a +ribbed or waved appearance. + +Purl stitch. Same as Purl, n., 2. + +Purl, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Purled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Purling.] [Cf. +Sw. porla, and E. pur to murmur as a cat.] 1. To run swiftly round, as +a small stream flowing among stones or other obstructions; to eddy; +also, to make a murmuring sound, as water does in running over or +through obstructions. + + Swift o'er the rolling pebbles, down the hills, Louder and louder + purl the falling rills. + + +Pope. + +2. [Perh. fr. F. perler to pearl, to bead. See Pearl, v. & n.] To rise +in circles, ripples, or undulations; to curl; to mantle. + + thin winding breath which purled up to the sky. + + +Shak. + +Purl, n. [See 3d Purl.] 1. A circle made by the notion of a fluid; an +eddy; a ripple. + + Whose stream an easy breath doth seem to blow, Which on the + sparkling gravel runs in purles, As though the waves had been of + silver curls. + + +Drayton. + +2. A gentle murmur, as that produced by the running of a liquid among +obstructions; as, the purl of a brook. + +3. [Perh. from F. perler, v. See Purl to mantle.] Malt liquor, +medicated or spiced; formerly, ale or beer in which wormwood or other +bitter herbs had been infused, and which was regarded as tonic; at +present, hot beer mixed with gin, sugar, and spices. "Drank a glass of +purl to recover appetite." Addison. "Drinking hot purl, and smoking +pipes." Dickens. + +4. (Zoˆl.) A tern. [Prov. Eng.] + +Pur"lieu (?), n. [Corrupted (by influence of lieu place) fr. OF. +puralÈe, poralÈe (equiv. to LL. perambulatio a survey of boundaries, +originally, a going through); por (L. pro, confused, however, with L. +per through) + alÈe. See Pro-, and Alley.] [Written also pourlieu.] 1. +Originally, the ground near a royal forest, which, having been +unlawfully added to the forest, was afterwards severed from it, and +disafforested so as to remit to the former owners their rights. + + Then as a tiger, who by chance hath spied In some purlieu two + gentle fawns at play. + + +Milton. + +2. Hence, the outer portion of any place; an adjacent district; +environs; neighborhood. "The purlieus of St. James." + + brokers had been incessantly plying for custom in the purlieus of + the court. + + +Macaulay. + +{ Pur"lin, Pur"line } (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] (Arch.) In root +construction, a horizontal member supported on the principals and +supporting the common rafters. + +Purl"ing (?), n. [See 3d Purl.] The motion of a small stream running +among obstructions; also, the murmur it makes in so doing. + +Pur*loin" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Purloined (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Purloining.] [OF. purloignier, porloignier, to retard, delay; pur, por, +pour, for (L. pro) + loin far, far off (L. longe). See Prolong, and cf. +Eloign.] To take or carry away for one's self; hence, to steal; to take +by theft; to filch. + + Had from his wakeful custody purloined The guarded gold. + + +Milton. + + when did the muse from Fletcher scenes purloin ? + + +Dryden. + +Pur*loin", v. i. To practice theft; to steal. Titus ii. 10. + +Pur*loin"er (?), n. One who purloins. Swift. + +Pur"par`ty (?), n. [OF. pourpartie; pour for + partie a part; cf. OF. +purpart a respective part.] (Law) A share, part, or portion of an +estate allotted to a coparcener. [Written also purpart, and pourparty.] + + I am forced to eat all the game of your purparties, as well as my + own thirds. + + +Walpole. + +Pur"ple (?), n.; pl. Purples (#). [OE. purpre, pourpre, OF. purpre, +porpre, pourpre, F. pourpre, L. purpura purple fish, purple dye, fr. +Gr. &?; the purple fish, a shell from the purple dye was obtained, +purple dye; cf. &?; dark (said of the sea), purple, &?; to grow dark +(said of the sea), to be troubled; perh. akin to L. furere to rage, E. +fury: cf. AS. purpure. Cf. Porphyry, Purpure.] 1. A color formed by, or +resembling that formed by, a combination of the primary colors red and +blue. + + Arraying with reflected purple and gold The clouds that on his + western throne attend. + + +Milton. + +The ancient words which are translated purple are supposed to have been +used for the color we call crimson. In the gradations of color as +defined in art, purple is a mixture of red and blue. When red +predominates it is called violet, and when blue predominates, hyacinth. + +2. Cloth dyed a purple color, or a garment of such color; especially, a +purple robe, worn as an emblem of rank or authority; specifically, the +purple rode or mantle worn by Roman emperors as the emblem of imperial +dignity; as, to put on the imperial purple. + + Thou shalt make the tabernacle with ten curtains of fine twined + linen, and purple, and scarlet. + + +Ex. xxvi. 1. + +3. Hence: Imperial sovereignty; royal rank, dignity, or favor; loosely +and colloquially, any exalted station; great wealth. "He was born in +the purple." Gibbon. + +4. A cardinalate. See Cardinal. + +5. (Zoˆl.) Any species of large butterflies, usually marked with purple +or blue, of the genus Basilarchia (formerly Limenitis) as, the banded +purple (B. arthemis). See Illust. under Ursula. + +6. (Zoˆl.) Any shell of the genus Purpura. + +7. pl.(Med.) See Purpura. + +8. pl. A disease of wheat. Same as Earcockle. + +Purple is sometimes used in composition, esp. with participles forming +words of obvious signification; as, purple- colored, purple-hued, +purple-stained, purple- tinged, purple-tinted, and the like. + +French purple. (Chem.) Same as Cudbear. -- Purple of Cassius. See +Cassius. -- Purple of mollusca (Zoˆl.), a coloring matter derived from +certain mollusks, which dyes wool, etc., of a purple or crimson color, +and is supposed to be the substance of the famous Tyrian dye. It is +obtained from Ianthina, and from several species of Purpura, and Murex. +-- To be born in the purple, to be of princely birth; to be highborn. + +Pur"ple, a. 1. Exhibiting or possessing the color called purple, much +esteemed for its richness and beauty; of a deep red, or red and blue +color; as, a purple robe. + +2. Imperial; regal; -- so called from the color having been an emblem +of imperial authority. + + Hide in the dust thy purple pride. + + +Shelley. + +3. Blood-red; bloody. + + May such purple tears be alway shed. + + +Shak. + + I view a field of blood, And Tiber rolling with a purple blood. + + +Dryden. + +Purple bird (Zoˆl.), the European purple gallinule. See under +Gallinule. -- Purple copper ore. (Min.) See Bornite. -- Purple grackle +(Zoˆl.), the crow blackbird. See under Crow. -- Purple martin. See +under Martin. -- Purple sandpiper. See under Sandpiper. -- Purple +shell. See Ianthina. + +Pur"ple (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Purpled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Purpling.] To make purple; to dye of purple or deep red color; as, +hands purpled with blood. + + When morn Purples the east. + + +Milton. + + Reclining soft in blissful bowers, Purpled sweet with springing + flowers. + + +Fenton. + +Pur"ple*heart` (?), n. (Bot.) A strong, durable, and elastic wood of a +purplish color, obtained from several tropical American leguminous +trees of the genus Copaifera (Copaifera pubiflora, Copaifera bracteata, +and Copaifera officinalis). Used for decorative veneering. See Copaiba. + +Pur"ple*wood` (?), n. Same as Purpleheart. + +Pur"plish (?), a. Somewhat purple. Boyle. + +Pur"port (?), n. [OF. purport; pur, pour, for (L. pro) + porter to +bear, carry. See Port demeanor.] + +1. Design or tendency; meaning; import; tenor. + + The whole scope and purport of that dialogue. Norris. With a look + so piteous in purport As if he had been loosed out of hell. + + +Shak. + +2. Disguise; covering. [Obs.] + + For she her sex under that strange purport Did use to hide. + + +Spenser. + +Pur"port, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Purported; p. pr. & vb. n. Purporting.] +[OF. purporter, pourporter. See Purport, n.] To intend to show; to +intend; to mean; to signify; to import; -- often with an object clause +or infinitive. + + They in most grave and solemn wise unfolded Matter which little + purported. + + +Rowe. + +Pur"port*less, a. Without purport or meaning. + +Pur"pose (?), n. [OF. purpos, pourpos, propos, L. propositum. See +Propound.] 1. That which a person sets before himself as an object to +be reached or accomplished; the end or aim to which the view is +directed in any plan, measure, or exertion; view; aim; design; +intention; plan. + + He will his firste purpos modify. + + +Chaucer. + + As my eternal purpose hath decreed. + + +Milton. + + The flighty purpose never is o'ertook Unless the deed go with it. + + +Shak. + +2. Proposal to another; discourse. [Obs.] Spenser. + +3. Instance; example. [Obs.] L'Estrange. + +In purpose, Of purpose, On purpose, with previous design; with the mind +directed to that object; intentionally. On purpose is the form now +generally used. + +Syn. -- design; end; intention; aim. See Design. + +Pur"pose, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Purposed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Purposing.] +[OF. purposer, proposer. See Propose.] 1. To set forth; to bring +forward. [Obs.] + +2. To propose, as an aim, to one's self; to determine upon, as some end +or object to be accomplished; to intend; to design; to resolve; -- +often followed by an infinitive or dependent clause. Chaucer. + + Did nothing purpose against the state. + + +Shak. + + I purpose to write the history of England from the accession of + King James the Second down to a time which is within the memory of + men still living. + + +Macaulay. + +Pur"pose, v. i. To have a purpose or intention; to discourse. [Obs.] +Spenser. + +Pur"posed*ly (?), adv. In a purposed manner; according to purpose or +design; purposely. + + A poem composed purposedly of the Trojan war. Holland. + + +Pur"pose*ful (?), a. Important; material. "Purposeful accounts." Tylor. +-- Pur"pose*ful*ly, adv. + +Pur"pose*less, a. Having no purpose or result; objectless. Bp. Hall. -- +Pur"pose*less*ness, n. + +Pur"pose*ly, adv. With purpose or design; intentionally; with +predetermination; designedly. + + In composing this discourse, I purposely declined all offensive and + displeasing truths. + + +Atterbury. + + So much they scorn the crowd, that if the throng By chance go + right, they purposely go wrong. + + +Pope. + +Pur"pos*er (?), n. 1. One who brings forward or proposes anything; a +proposer. [Obs.] + +2. One who forms a purpose; one who intends. + +Pur"po*sive (?), a. Having or indicating purpose or design. "Purposive +characters." Bastian. + + Purposive modification of structure in a bone. + + +Owen. + + It is impossible that the frog should perform actions morepurposive + than these. + + +Huxley. + +Pur"pre (?), n. & a. Purple. [Obs.] Chaucer. + +Pur*pres"ture (?), n. [Probably corrupted (see Prest) fr. OF. +pourprisure, fr. pourprendre: cf. LL. purprestura. Cf. Purprise.] (Law) +Wrongful encroachment upon another's property; esp., any encroachment +upon, or inclosure of, that which should be common or public, as +highways, rivers, harbors, forts, etc. [Written also pourpresture.] + +Pur"prise (?), n. [OF. pourpris,fr. pourprendre to take away entirely; +pour for + prendre to take.] A close or inclosure; the compass of a +manor. Bacon. + +||Pur"pu*ra (?), n. [L., purple, purple fish: cf. F. purpura. See +||Purple.] 1. (Med.) A disease characterized by livid spots on the skin +||from extravasated blood, with loss of muscular strength, pain in the +||limbs, and mental dejection; the purples. Dunglison. + +2. (Zoˆl.) A genus of marine gastropods, usually having a rough and +thick shell. Some species yield a purple dye. + +Pur"pu*rate (?), a. Of or pertaining to purpura. + +Pur"pu*rate, n. (Chem.) A salt of purpuric acid. + +Pur"pure (?), n. [L. purpura purple. See Purple.] (Her.) Purple, -- +represented in engraving by diagonal lines declining from the right top +to the left base of the escutcheon (or from sinister chief to dexter +base). + +Pur*pu"re*al (?), a. Of a purple color; purple. + +Pur*pu"re*o- (?). A combining form signifying of a purple or purple-red +color. Specif. (Chem.), used in designating certain brilliant +purple-red compounds of cobaltic chloride and ammonia, similar to the +roseocobaltic compounds. See Cobaltic. + +<! p. 1166 !> + +Pur*pu"ric (?), a. [Cf. F. purpurique.] + +1. (Med.) Of or pertaining to purpura. Dunglison. + +2. (Chem.) Pertaining to or designating, a nitrogenous acid contained +in uric acid. It is not known in the pure state, but forms well-known +purple-red compounds (as murexide), whence its name. + +Purpuric acid was formerly used to designate murexan. See Murexan. + +Pur"pu*rin (?), n. (Chem.) A dyestuff resembling alizarin, found in +madder root, and extracted as an orange or red crystalline substance. + +Pur`pu*rip"a*rous (?), a. [L. purpura purple + parere to produce.] +(Biol.) Producing, or connected with, a purple-colored secretion; as, +the purpuriparous gland of certain gastropods. + +Pur`pu*rog"e*nous (?), a. [L. purpura purple + -genous.] (Biol.) Having +the power to produce a purple color; as, the purpurogenous membrane, or +choroidal epithelium, of the eye. See Visual purple, under Visual. + +Purr (?), v. i. & t. To murmur as a cat. See Pur. + +Purr, n. The low murmuring sound made by a cat; pur. See Pur. + +Purre (?), n. (Zoˆl.) The dunlin. [Prov. Eng.] + +Pur"ree (?), n. [Hind. peori yellow.] (Chem.) A yellow coloring matter. +See Euxanthin. + +Pur"rock (?), n. See Puddock, and Parrock. + +Purse (?), n. [OE. purs, pors, OF. burse, borse, bourse, F. bourse, LL. +bursa, fr. Gr. &?; hide, skin, leather. Cf. Bourse, Bursch, Bursar, +Buskin.] 1. A small bag or pouch, the opening of which is made to draw +together closely, used to carry money in; by extension, any receptacle +for money carried on the person; a wallet; a pocketbook; a +portemonnaie. Chaucer. + + Who steals my purse steals trash. + + +Shak. + +2. Hence, a treasury; finances; as, the public purse. + +3. A sum of money offered as a prize, or collected as a present; as, to +win the purse; to make up a purse. + +4. A specific sum of money; as: (a) In Turkey, the sum of 500 piasters. +(b) In Persia, the sum of 50 tomans. + +Light purse, or Empty purse, poverty or want of resources. -- Long +purse, or Heavy purse, wealth; riches. -- Purse crab (Zoˆl.), any land +crab of the genus Birgus, allied to the hermit crabs. They sometimes +weigh twenty pounds or more, and are very strong, being able to crack +cocoanuts with the large claw. They chiefly inhabit the tropical +islands of the Pacific and Indian Oceans, living in holes and feeding +upon fruit. Called also palm crab. -- Purse net, a fishing net, the +mouth of which may be closed or drawn together like a purse. Mortimer. +-- Purse pride, pride of money; insolence proceeding from the +possession of wealth. Bp. Hall. -- Purse rat. (Zoˆl.) See Pocket +gopher, under Pocket. -- Sword and purse, the military power and +financial resources of a nation. + +Purse, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pursed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pursing.] 1. To +put into a purse. + + I will go and purse the ducats straight. + + +Shak. + +2. To draw up or contract into folds or wrinkles, like the mouth of a +purse; to pucker; to knit. + + Thou . . . didst contract and purse thy brow. + + +Shak. + +Purse, v. i. To steal purses; to rob. [Obs. & R.] + + I'll purse: . . . I'll bet at bowling alleys. + + +Beau. & Fl. + +Purse"ful (?), n.; pl. Pursefuls (&?;). All that is, or can be, +contained in a purse; enough to fill a purse. + +Purse"-proud` (?), a. Affected with purse pride; puffed up with the +possession of riches. + +Purs"er (?), n. [See Purse, and cf. Bursar.] + +1. (Naut.) A commissioned officer in the navy who had charge of the +provisions, clothing, and public moneys on shipboard; -- now called +paymaster. + +2. A clerk on steam passenger vessels whose duty it is to keep the +accounts of the vessels, such as the receipt of freight, tickets, etc. + +3. Colloquially, any paymaster or cashier. + +Purser's name (Naut.), a false name. [Slang] + +Purs"er*ship, n. The office of purser. Totten. + +Purs"et (?), n. A purse or purse net. B. Jonson. + +Pur"si*ness (?), n. State of being pursy. + +Pur"sive (?), a. Pursy. [Obs.] Holland. + +Pur"sive*ness, n. Pursiness. [Obs. & R.] + +Purs"lain (?), n. Same as Purslane. + +Purs"lane (?), n. [OF. porcelaine, pourcelaine (cf. It. porcellana), +corrupted fr. L. porcilaca for portulaca.] (Bot.) An annual plant +(Portulaca oleracea), with fleshy, succulent, obovate leaves, sometimes +used as a pot herb and for salads, garnishing, and pickling. + +Flowering purslane, or Great flowered purslane, the Portulaca +grandiflora. See Portulaca. -- Purslane tree, a South African shrub +(Portulacaria Afra) with many small opposite fleshy obovate leaves. -- +Sea purslane, a seashore plant (Arenaria peploides) with crowded +opposite fleshy leaves. -- Water purslane, an aquatic plant (Ludwiqia +palustris) but slightly resembling purslane. + +Pur*su"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being, or fit to be, pursued, followed, +or prosecuted. Sherwood. + +Pur*su"al (?), n. The act of pursuit. [R.] + +Pur*su"ance (?), n. [See Pursuant.] 1. The act of pursuing or +prosecuting; a following out or after. + + Sermons are not like curious inquiries after new nothings, but + pursuances of old truths. + + +Jer. Taylor. + +2. The state of being pursuant; consequence. + +In pursuance of, in accordance with; in prosecution or fulfillment of. + +Pur*su"ant (?), a. [From Pursue: cf. OE. poursuiant. Cf. Pursuivant.] +Acting in consequence or in prosecution (of anything); hence, +agreeable; conformable; following; according; -- with to or of. + + The conclusion which I draw from these premises, pursuant to the + query laid down, is, etc. + + +Waterland. + +{ Pur*su"ant, Pur*su"ant*ly, } adv. Agreeably; conformably. + +Pur*sue" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pursued (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Pursuing.] [OE. pursuen, porsuen, OF. porsivre, poursuivre, poursuir, +F. poursuivre, fr. L. prosequi; pro forward + sequi to follow. See Sue, +and cf. Prosecute, Pursuivant.] 1. To follow with a view to overtake; +to follow eagerly, or with haste; to chase; as, to pursue a hare. + + We happiness pursue; we fly from pain. + + +Prior. + + The happiness of men lies in purswing, Not in possessing. + + +Longfellow. + +2. To seek; to use or adopt measures to obtain; as, to pursue a remedy +at law. + + The fame of ancient matrons you pursue. + + +Dryden. + +3. To proceed along, with a view to some and or object; to follow; to +go in; as, Captain Cook pursued a new route; the administration pursued +a wise course. + +4. To prosecute; to be engaged in; to continue. " Insatiate to pursue +vain war." Milton. + +5. To follow as an example; to imitate. + +6. To follow with enmity; to persecute; to call to account. + + The servant is not greater than his lord. If they have pursued me, + they shall pursue you also. + + +Wyclif (John xv. 20). + +Syn. -- To follow; chase; seek; persist. See Follow. + +Pur*sue", v. i. 1. To go in pursuit; to follow. + + The wicked flee when no man pursueth. + + +Prov. xxviii. 1. + + Men hotly pursued after the objects of their ambition. + + +Earle. + +2. To go on; to proceed, especially in argument or discourse; to +continue. + +[A Gallicism] + + I have, pursues Carneades, wondered chemists should not consider. + + +Boyle. + +3. (Law) To follow a matter judicially, as a complaining party; to act +as a prosecutor. Burrill. + +Pur*su"er (?), n. 1. One who pursues or chases; one who follows in +haste, with a view to overtake. + +2. (Eccl. & Scots Law) A plaintiff; a prosecutor. + +Pur*suit" (?), n. [F. poursuite, fr. poursuivre. See Pursue, v. t.] 1. +The act of following or going after; esp., a following with haste, +either for sport or in hostility; chase; prosecution; as, the pursuit +of game; the pursuit of an enemy. Clarendon. + + Weak we are, and can not shun pursuit. + + +Shak. + +2. A following with a view to reach, accomplish, or obtain; endeavor to +attain to or gain; as, the pursuit of knowledge; the pursuit of +happiness or pleasure. + +3. Course of business or occupation; continued employment with a view +to same end; as, mercantile pursuits; a literary pursuit. + +4. (Law) Prosecution. [Obs.] + + That pursuit for tithes ought, and of ancient time did pertain to + the spiritual court. + + +Fuller. + +Curve of pursuit (Geom.), a curve described by a point which is at each +instant moving towards a second point, which is itself moving according +to some specified law. + +Pur"sui*vant (?), n. [F. poursuivant, fr. poursuivre. See Pursue, and +cf. Pursuant.] [Written also poursuivant.] 1. (Heralds' College) A +functionary of lower rank than a herald, but discharging similar +duties; -- called also pursuivant at arms; an attendant of the heralds. +Also used figuratively. + + The herald Hope, forerunning Fear, And Fear, the pursuivant of + Hope. + + +Longfellow. + +2. The king's messenger; a state messenger. + + One pursuivant who attempted to execute a warrant there was + murdered. + + +Macaulay. + +Pur"sui*vant, v. t. To pursue. [Obs. & R.] + + Their navy was pursuivanted after with a horrible tempest. + + +Fuller. + +Pur"sy (?), a. [OF. pourcif, poulsif, poussif, fr. pousser to push, +thrust, heave, OF. also poulser: cf. F. pousse the heaves, asthma. See +Push.] Fat and short-breathed; fat, short, and thick; swelled with +pampering; as, pursy insolence. Shak. + + Pursy important he sat him down. + + +Sir W. Scot. + +Pur"te*nance (?), n. [Abbrev. fr. appurtenance.] That which pertains or +belongs to something; esp., the heard, liver, and lungs of an animal. +[Obs.] " The purtenaunces of purgatory." Piers Plowman. + + Roast [it] with fire, his head with his legs, and with the + purtenance [Rev. Ver., inwards] thereof. + + +Ex. xii. 9. + +{ Pu"ru*lence (?), Pu"ru*len*cy (?), } n. [L. purulentia: cf. F. +purulence.] (Med.) The quality or state of being purulent; the +generation of pus; also, the pus itself. Arbuthnot. + +Pu"ru*lent (?), a. [L. purulentus, fr. pus, puris, pus, matter: cf. F. +purulent. See Pus.] (Med.) Consisting of pus, or matter; partaking of +the nature of pus; attended with suppuration; as, purulent +inflammation. + +Pu"ru*lent*ly, v. In a purulent manner. + +{ Pur"ve*ance (?), Pur"vei*aunce` (?) }, n. Purveyance. [Obs.] Chaucer. + +Pur*vey" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Purveyed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Purveying.] [OE. purveien, porveien, OF. porveeir, porveoir, F. +pourvoir, fr. L. providere. See Provide, and cf. Purview.] 1. To +furnish or provide, as with a convenience, provisions, or the like. + + Give no odds to your foes, but do purvey Yourself of sword before + that bloody day. + + +Spenser. + +2. To procure; to get. + + I mean to purvey me a wife after the fashion of the children of + Benjamin. + + +Sir W. Scot. + +Pur*vey", v. i. 1. To purchase provisions; to provide; to make +provision. Chaucer. Milton. + +2. To pander; -- with to. " Their turpitude purveys to their malice." +[R.] Burke. + +Pur*vey"ance (?), n. [Cf. F. pourvoyance.] 1. The act or process of +providing or procuring; providence; foresight; preparation; management. +Chaucer. + + The ill purveyance of his page. + + +Spenser. + +2. That which is provided; provisions; food. + +3. (Eng. Law) A providing necessaries for the sovereign by buying them +at an appraised value in preference to all others, and oven without the +owner's consent. This was formerly a royal prerogative, but has long +been abolished. Wharton. + +Pur*vey"or (?), n. [OE. porveour, OF. pourveor, F. pourvoyeur. See +Purvey, and cf. Proveditor.] 1. One who provides victuals, or whose +business is to make provision for the table; a victualer; a caterer. + +2. An officer who formerly provided, or exacted provision, for the +king's household. [Eng.] + +3. a procurer; a pimp; a bawd. Addison. + +Pur"view (?), n. [OF. purveu, pourveu, F. pourvu, provided, p. p. of +OF. porveoir, F. pourvoir. See Purvey, View, and cf. Proviso.] 1. (a) +(Law) The body of a statute, or that part which begins with " Be it +enacted, " as distinguished from the preamble. Cowell. (b) Hence: The +limit or scope of a statute; the whole extent of its intention or +provisions. Marshall. + + Profanations within the purview of several statutes. + + +Bacon. + +2. Limit or sphere of authority; scope; extent. + + In determining the extent of information required in the exercise + of a particular authority, recourse must be had to the objects + within the purview of that authority. + + +Madison. + +Pus (?), n. [L., akin to Gr. &?;, &?;, and to E. foul: cf. F. pus. See +Foul, a.] (Med.) The yellowish white opaque creamy matter produced by +the process of suppuration. It consists of innumerable white nucleated +cells floating in a clear liquid. + +Pu"sane (?), n. (Anc. Armor) A piece of armor for the breast; often, an +addition to, or reÎnforcement of. the breastplate; -- called also +pesane. + +Pu"sey*ism (?), n. (Ch. of Eng.) The principles of Dr. Pusey and others +at Oxford, England, as exhibited in various publications, esp. in a +series which appeared from 1833 to 1841, designated " Tracts for the +Times;" tractarianism. See Tractarianism. + +{ Pu"sey*is"tic (?), Pu"sey*ite (?), } a. Of or pertaining to Puseyism. + +Pu"sey*ite, n. One who holds the principles of Puseyism; -- often used +opprobriously. + +Push (?), n. [Probably F. poche. See Pouch.] A pustule; a pimple. [Obs. +or Prov. Eng.] Bacon. + +Push, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Pushed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Pushing.] [OE. +possen, pussen, F. pousser, fr. L. pulsare, v. intens. fr. pellere, +pulsum, to beat, knock, push. See Pulse a beating, and cf. Pursy.] 1. +To press against with force; to drive or impel by pressure; to endeavor +to drive by steady pressure, without striking; -- opposed to draw. + + Sidelong had pushed a mountain from his seat. + + +Milton. + +2. To thrust the points of the horns against; to gore. + + If the ox shall push a manservant or maidservant, . . . the ox + shall be stoned. + + +Ex. xxi. 32. + +3. To press or urge forward; to drive; to push an objection too far. " +To push his fortune." Dryden. + + Ambition pushes the soul to such actions as are apt to procure + honor to the actor. + + +Spectator. + + We are pushed for an answer. + + +Swift. + +4. To bear hard upon; to perplex; to embarrass. + +5. To importune; to press with solicitation; to tease. + +To push down, to overthrow by pushing or impulse. + +Push, v. i. 1. To make a thrust; to shove; as, to push with the horns +or with a sword. Shak. + +2. To make an advance, attack, or effort; to be energetic; as, a man +must push in order to succeed. + + At the time of the end shall the kind of the south push at him and + the king of the north shall come against him. + + +Dan. xi. 40. + + War seemed asleep for nine long years; at length Both sides + resolved to push, we tried our strength. + + +Dryden. + +3. To burst pot, as a bud or shoot. + +To push on, to drive or urge forward; to hasten. + + The rider pushed on at a rapid pace. + + +Sir W. Scott. + +Push, n. 1. A thrust with a pointed instrument, or with the end of a +thing. + +2. Any thrust. pressure, impulse, or force, or force applied; a shove; +as, to give the ball the first push. + +3. An assault or attack; an effort; an attempt; hence, the time or +occasion for action. + + Exact reformation is not perfected at the first push. + + +Milton. + + When it comes to the push, 'tis no more than talk. + + +L' Estrange. + +4. The faculty of overcoming obstacles; aggressive energy; as, he has +push, or he has no push. + +[Colloq.] + +Syn. -- See Thrust. + +Push"er (?), n. One who, or that which, pushes. + +Push"ing, a. Pressing forward in business; enterprising; driving; +energetic; also, forward; officious, intrusive. -- Push"ing*ly, adv. + +Push"pin` (?), n. A child's game played with pins. L. Estrange. + +Pu"sil (?), a. [L. pusillus very little.] Very small; little; petty. +[Obs.] Bacon. + +Pu`sil*la*nim"i*ty (?), n. [L. pusillanimitas: cf. F. pusillanimitÈ.] +The quality of being pusillanimous; weakness of spirit; cowardliness. + + The badge of pusillanimity and cowardice. + + +Shak. + + It is obvious to distinguished between an act of . . . + pusillanimity and an act of great modesty or humility. + + +South. + +Syn. -- Cowardliness; cowardice; fear; timidity. + +Pu`sil*lan"i*mous (?), a. [L. pusillanimis; pusillus very little (dim. +of pusus a little boy; cf. puer a boy, E. puerile) + animus the mind: +cf. F. pusillanime. See Animosity.] 1. Destitute of a manly or +courageous strength and firmness of mind; of weak spirit; mean- +spirited; spiritless; cowardly; -- said of persons, as, a pusillanimous +prince. + +<! p. 1167 !> + +2. Evincing, or characterized by, weakness of mind, and want of +courage; feeble; as, pusillanimous counsels. "A low and pusillanimous +spirit." Burke. + +Syn. -- Cowardly; dastardly; mean-spirited; fainthearted; timid; weak; +feeble. + +Pu`sil*lan"i*mous*ly (p`sl*ln"*ms*l), adv. With pusillanimity. + +Pus"ley (?), n. (Bot.) Purslane. [Colloq. U. S] + +Puss (ps), n. [Cf. D. poes, Ir. & Gael. pus.] 1. A cat; - - a fondling +appellation. + +2. A hare; -- so called by sportsmen. + +Puss in the corner, a game in which all the players but one occupy +corners of a room, or certain goals in the open air, and exchange +places, the one without a corner endeavoring to get a corner while it +is vacant, leaving some other without one. -- Puss moth (Zoˆl.), any +one of several species of stout bombycid moths belonging to Cerura, +Harpyia, and allied genera, esp. Harpyia vinuli, of Europe. The larvÊ +are humpbacked, and have two caudal appendages. + +Pussy (?), n. [Dim. of puss.] 1. A pet name for a cat; also, an +endearing name for a girl. + +2. A catkin of the pussy willow. + +3. The game of tipcat; -- also called pussy cat. + +Pussy willow (Bot.), any kind of willow having large cylindrical +catkins clothed with long glossy hairs, especially the American Salix +discolor; -- called also glaucous willow, and swamp willow. + +Pus"sy (?), a. See Pursy. [Colloq. or Low] + +Pus"tu*lant (?; 135), a. [L. pustulans, p. pr. See Pustulate, v. t.] +(Med.) Producing pustules. -- n. A medicine that produces pustules, as +croton oil. + +Pus"tu*lar (?), a. 1. Of or pertaining to pustules; as, pustular +prominences; pustular eruptions. + +2. Covered with pustulelike prominences; pustulate. + +Pus"tu*late (?), v. t. [L. pustulatus, p. p. of pustulare to blister, +fr. pustula. See Pustule.] To form into pustules, or blisters. + +{ Pus"tu*late (?), Pus"tu*la`ted (?), } a. Covered with pustulelike +prominences; pustular; pustulous; as, a pustulate leaf; a pustulate +shell or coral. + +Pus*tu*la"tion (?), n. [L. pustulatio.] The act of producing pustules; +the state of being pustulated. + +Pus"tule (?; 135), n. [L. pustula, and pusula: cf. F. pustule.] (Med.) +A vesicle or an elevation of the cuticle with an inflamed base, +containing pus. + +Malignant pustule. See under Malignant. + +Pus"tu*lous (?), a. [L. pustulosus, fr. pustula a pustule: cf. F. +pustuleux.] Resembling, or covered with, pustules; pustulate; pustular. + +Put (?), n. [See Pit.] A pit. [Obs.] Chaucer. + +Put, obs. 3d pers. sing. pres. of Put, contracted from putteth. +Chaucer. + +Put (?), n. [Cf. W. pwt any short thing, pwt o ddyn a squab of a +person, pwtog a short, thick woman.] A rustic; a clown; an awkward or +uncouth person. + + Queer country puts extol Queen Bess's reign. + + +Bramston. + + What droll puts the citizens seem in it all. + + +F. Harrison. + +Put (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Put; p. pr. & vb. n. Putting.] [AS. potian +to thrust: cf. Dan. putte to put, to put into, Fries. putje; perh. akin +to W. pwtio to butt, poke, thrust; cf. also Gael. put to push, thrust, +and E. potter, v. i.] 1. To move in any direction; to impel; to thrust; +to push; -- nearly obsolete, except with adverbs, as with by (to put by += to thrust aside; to divert); or with forth (to put forth = to thrust +out). + + His chief designs are . . . to put thee by from thy spiritual + employment. + + +Jer. Taylor. + +2. To bring to a position or place; to place; to lay; to set; +figuratively, to cause to be or exist in a specified relation, +condition, or the like; to bring to a stated mental or moral condition; +as, to put one in fear; to put a theory in practice; to put an enemy to +fight. + + This present dignity, In which that I have put you. + + +Chaucer. + + I will put enmity between thee and the woman. + + +Gen. iii. 15. + + He put no trust in his servants. + + +Job iv. 18. + + When God into the hands of their deliverer Puts invincible might. + + +Milton. + + In the mean time other measures were put in operation. + + +Sparks. + +3. To attach or attribute; to assign; as, to put a wrong construction +on an act or expression. + +4. To lay down; to give up; to surrender. [Obs.] + + No man hath more love than this, that a man put his life for his + friends. + + +Wyclif (John xv. 13). + +5. To set before one for judgment, acceptance, or rejection; to bring +to the attention; to offer; to state; to express; figuratively, to +assume; to suppose; -- formerly sometimes followed by that introducing +a proposition; as, to put a question; to put a case. + + Let us now put that ye have leave. + + +Chaucer. + + Put the perception and you put the mind. + + +Berkeley. + + These verses, originally Greek, were put in Latin. + + +Milton. + + All this is ingeniously and ably put. + + +Hare. + +6. To incite; to entice; to urge; to constrain; to oblige. + + These wretches put us upon all mischief. + + +Swift. + + Put me not use the carnal weapon in my own defense. + + +Sir W. Scott. + + Thank him who puts me, loath, to this revenge. + + +Milton. + +7. To throw or cast with a pushing motion "overhand," the hand being +raised from the shoulder; a practice in athletics; as, to put the shot +or weight. + +8. (Mining) To convey coal in the mine, as from the working to the +tramway. Raymond. + +Put case, formerly, an elliptical expression for, put or suppose the +case to be. + + Put case that the soul after departure from the body may live. + + +Bp. Hall. + +-- To put about (Naut.), to turn, or change the course of, as a ship. +-- To put away. (a) To renounce; to discard; to expel. (b) To divorce. +-- To put back. (a) To push or thrust backwards; hence, to hinder; to +delay. (b) To refuse; to deny. + + Coming from thee, I could not put him back. + + +Shak. + +(c) To set, as the hands of a clock, to an earlier hour. (d) To restore +to the original place; to replace. -- To put by. (a) To turn, set, or +thrust, aside. "Smiling put the question by." Tennyson. (b) To lay +aside; to keep; to sore up; as, to put by money. -- To put down. (a) To +lay down; to deposit; to set down. (b) To lower; to diminish; as, to +put down prices. (c) To deprive of position or power; to put a stop to; +to suppress; to abolish; to confute; as, to put down rebellion or +traitors. + + Mark, how a plain tale shall put you down. + + +Shak. + + Sugar hath put down the use of honey. + + +Bacon. + +(d) To subscribe; as, to put down one's name. -- To put forth. (a) To +thrust out; to extend, as the hand; to cause to come or push out; as, a +tree puts forth leaves. (b) To make manifest; to develop; also, to +bring into action; to exert; as, to put forth strength. (c) To propose, +as a question, a riddle, and the like. (d) To publish, as a book. -- To +put forward. (a) To advance to a position of prominence or +responsibility; to promote. (b) To cause to make progress; to aid. (c) +To set, as the hands of a clock, to a later hour. -- To put in. (a) To +introduce among others; to insert; sometimes, to introduce with +difficulty; as, to put in a word while others are discoursing. (b) +(Naut.) To conduct into a harbor, as a ship. (c) (Law) To place in due +form before a court; to place among the records of a court. Burrill. +(d) (Med.) To restore, as a dislocated part, to its place. -- To put +off. (a) To lay aside; to discard; as, to put off a robe; to put off +mortality. "Put off thy shoes from off thy feet." Ex. iii. 5. (b) To +turn aside; to elude; to disappoint; to frustrate; to baffle. + + I hoped for a demonstration, but Themistius hoped to put me off + with an harangue. + + +Boyle. + + We might put him off with this answer. + + +Bentley. + +(c) To delay; to defer; to postpone; as, to put off repentance. (d) To +get rid of; to dispose of; especially, to pass fraudulently; as, to put +off a counterfeit note, or an ingenious theory. (e) To push from land; +as, to put off a boat. -- To put on or upon. (a) To invest one's self +with, as clothes; to assume. "Mercury . . . put on the shape of a man." +L'Estrange. (b) To impute (something) to; to charge upon; as, to put +blame on or upon another. (c) To advance; to promote. [Obs.] "This came +handsomely to put on the peace." Bacon. (d) To impose; to inflict. +"That which thou puttest on me, will I bear." 2 Kings xviii. 14. (e) To +apply; as, to put on workmen; to put on steam. (f) To deceive; to +trick. "The stork found he was put upon." L'Estrange. (g) To place +upon, as a means or condition; as, he put him upon bread and water. +"This caution will put them upon considering." Locke. (h) (Law) To rest +upon; to submit to; as, a defendant puts himself on or upon the +country. Burrill. -- To put out. (a) To eject; as, to put out and +intruder. (b) To put forth; to shoot, as a bud, or sprout. (c) To +extinguish; as, to put out a candle, light, or fire. (d) To place at +interest; to loan; as, to put out funds. (e) To provoke, as by insult; +to displease; to vex; as, he was put out by my reply. [Colloq.] (f) To +protrude; to stretch forth; as, to put out the hand. (g) To publish; to +make public; as, to put out a pamphlet. (h) To confuse; to disconcert; +to interrupt; as, to put one out in reading or speaking. (i) (Law) To +open; as, to put out lights, that is, to open or cut windows. Burrill. +(j) (Med.) To place out of joint; to dislocate; as, to put out the +ankle. (k) To cause to cease playing, or to prevent from playing longer +in a certain inning, as in base ball. -- To put over. (a) To place +(some one) in authority over; as, to put a general over a division of +an army. (b) To refer. + + For the certain knowledge of that truth I put you o'er to heaven + and to my mother. + + +Shak. + +(c) To defer; to postpone; as, the court put over the cause to the next +term. (d) To transfer (a person or thing) across; as, to put one over +the river. -- To put the hand to or unto. (a) To take hold of, as of an +instrument of labor; as, to put the hand to the plow; hence, to engage +in (any task or affair); as, to put one's hand to the work. (b) To take +or seize, as in theft. "He hath not put his hand unto his neighbor's +goods." Ex. xxii. 11. -- To put through, to cause to go through all +conditions or stages of a progress; hence, to push to completion; to +accomplish; as, he put through a measure of legislation; he put through +a railroad enterprise. [U.S.] -- To put to. (a) To add; to unite; as, +to put one sum to another. (b) To refer to; to expose; as, to put the +safety of the state to hazard. "That dares not put it to the touch." +Montrose. (c) To attach (something) to; to harness beasts to. Dickens. +-- To put to a stand, to stop; to arrest by obstacles or difficulties. +-- To put to bed. (a) To undress and place in bed, as a child. (b) To +deliver in, or to make ready for, childbirth. -- To put to death, to +kill. -- To put together, to attach; to aggregate; to unite in one. -- +To put this and that (or two and two) together, to draw an inference; +to form a correct conclusion. -- To put to it, to distress; to press +hard; to perplex; to give difficulty to. "O gentle lady, do not put me +to 't." Shak. -- To put to rights, to arrange in proper order; to +settle or compose rightly. -- To put to the sword, to kill with the +sword; to slay. -- To put to trial, or on trial, to bring to a test; to +try. -- To put trust in, to confide in; to repose confidence in. -- To +put up. (a) To pass unavenged; to overlook; not to punish or resent; to +put up with; as, to put up indignities. [Obs.] "Such national injuries +are not to be put up." Addison. (b) To send forth or upward; as, to put +up goods for sale. (d) To start from a cover, as game. "She has been +frightened; she has been put up." C. Kingsley. (e) To hoard. "Himself +never put up any of the rent." Spelman. (f) To lay side or preserve; to +pack away; to store; to pickle; as, to put up pork, beef, or fish. (g) +To place out of sight, or away; to put in its proper place; as, put up +that letter. Shak. (h) To incite; to instigate; -- followed by to; as, +he put the lad up to mischief. (i) To raise; to erect; to build; as, to +put up a tent, or a house. (j) To lodge; to entertain; as, to put up +travelers. -- To put up a job, to arrange a plot. [Slang] + +Syn. -- To place; set; lay; cause; produce; propose; state. -- Put, +Lay, Place, Set. These words agree in the idea of fixing the position +of some object, and are often used interchangeably. To put is the least +definite, denoting merely to move to a place. To place has more +particular reference to the precise location, as to put with care in a +certain or proper place. To set or to lay may be used when there is +special reference to the position of the object. + +Put (put; often pt in def. 3), v. i. 1. To go or move; as, when the air +first puts up. [Obs.] Bacon. + +2. To steer; to direct one's course; to go. + + His fury thus appeased, he puts to land. + + +Dryden. + +3. To play a card or a hand in the game called put. + +To put about (Naut.), to change direction; to tack. -- To put back +(Naut.), to turn back; to return. "The French . . . had put back to +Toulon." Southey. -- To put forth. (a) To shoot, bud, or germinate. +"Take earth from under walls where nettles put forth." Bacon. (b) To +leave a port or haven, as a ship. Shak. -- To put in (Naut.), to enter +a harbor; to sail into port. -- To put in for. (a) To make a request or +claim; as, to put in for a share of profits. (b) To go into covert; -- +said of a bird escaping from a hawk. (c) To offer one's self; to stand +as a candidate for. Locke. -- To put off, to go away; to depart; esp., +to leave land, as a ship; to move from the shore. -- To put on, to +hasten motion; to drive vehemently. -- To put over (Naut.), to sail +over or across. -- To put to sea (Naut.), to set sail; to begin a +voyage; to advance into the ocean. -- To put up. (a) To take lodgings; +to lodge. (b) To offer one's self as a candidate. L'Estrange. -- To put +up to, to advance to. [Obs.] "With this he put up to my lord." Swift. +-- To put up with. (a) To overlook, or suffer without recompense, +punishment, or resentment; as, to put up with an injury or affront. (b) +To take without opposition or expressed dissatisfaction; to endure; as, +to put up with bad fare. + +Put (?), n. 1. The act of putting; an action; a movement; a thrust; a +push; as, the put of a ball. "A forced put." L'Estrange. + +2. A certain game at cards. Young. + +3. A privilege which one party buys of another to "put" (deliver) to +him a certain amount of stock, grain, etc., at a certain price and +date. [Brokers' Cant] + + A put and a call may be combined in one instrument, the holder of + which may either buy or sell as he chooses at the fixed price. + + +Johnson's Cyc. + +Put (?), n. [OF. pute.] A prostitute. [Obs.] + +Pu"tage (?; 48), n. [OF. putage.] Prostitution or fornication on the +part of a woman. + +||Pu*ta"men (?), n. [L.] (Bot.) The shell of a nut; the stone of a +||drupe fruit. See Endocarp. + +Pu"tan*ism (?), n. [F. putanisme, fr. putain harlot.] Habitual lewdness +or prostitution of a woman; harlotry. + +Pu"ta*tive (?), a. [L. putativus, fr. putare, putatum, to reckon, +suppose, adjust, prune, cleanse. See Pure, and cf. Amputate, Compute, +Dispute, Impute.] Commonly thought or deemed; supposed; reputed; as, +the putative father of a child. "His other putative (I dare not say +feigned) friends." E. Hall. + + Thus things indifferent, being esteemed useful or pious, became + customary, and then came for reverence into a putative and usurped + authority. + + +Jer. Taylor. + +Put*chuck" (?), n. (Bot.) Same as Pachak. + +||Pu"te*al (?), n. [L., fr. puteus well.] (Arch.) An inclosure +||surrounding a well to prevent persons from falling into it; a well +||curb. Weale. + +||Put"e*li (?), n. Same as Patela. + +Pu"ter*y, n. [OF. puterie.] Putage. [Obs.] + +Pu"tid (?), a. [L. putidus: cf. F. putide. Cf. Putrid.] Rotten; fetid; +stinking; base; worthless. Jer. Taylor. "Thy putid muse." Dr. H. More. + +{ Pu*tid"i*ty (?), Pu"tid*ness (?), } n. The quality or state of being +putrid. + +Put"log` (?; 277), n. (Arch.) One of the short pieces of timber on +which the planks forming the floor of a scaffold are laid, -- one end +resting on the ledger of the scaffold, and the other in a hole left in +the wall temporarily for the purpose. Oxf. Gloss. + +Put"-off` (?; 115), n. A shift for evasion or delay; an evasion; an +excuse. L'Estrange. + +Pu"tour (?), n. [See Put a prostitute.] A keeper of a brothel; a +procurer. [Obs.] Chaucer. + +Pu*tred"i*nous (?), a. [L. putredo rottenness, fr. putrere to be +rotten. See Putrid.] Proceeding from putrefaction, or partaking of the +putrefactive process; having an offensive smell; stinking; rotten. + +Pu`tre*fac"tion (?), n. [L. putrefactio: cf. F. putrÈfaction. See +Putrefy.] 1. The act or the process of putrefying; the offensive decay +of albuminous or other matter. + +Putrefaction is a complex phenomenon involving a multiplicity of +chemical reactions, always accompanied by, and without doubt caused by, +bacteria and vibriones; hence, putrefaction is a form of fermentation, +and is sometimes called putrefaction fermentative. Putrefaction is not +possible under conditions that preclude the development of living +organisms. Many of the products of putrefaction are powerful poisons, +and are called cadaveric poisons, or ptomaÔnes. + +2. The condition of being putrefied; also, that which putrefied. +"Putrefaction's breath." Shelley. + +Pu`tre*fac"tive (?), a. [Cf. putrÈfactif. See Putrefy.] 1. Of or +pertaining to putrefaction; as, the putrefactive smell or process. +Wiseman. + +2. Causing, or tending to promote, putrefaction. + +-- Pu``tre*fac"tive*ness, n. + +Pu"tre*fy (?), v. t. [Written also putrify.] [imp. & p. p. Putrefied +(&?;); p. pr. & vb. n. Putrefying (&?;).] [F. putrÈfier; L. putrere to +be rotten + - ficare (in. comp.) to make; cf. L. putrefacere. See +Putrid, and -fy.] 1. To render putrid; to cause to decay offensively; +to cause to be decomposed; to cause to rot. + +2. To corrupt; to make foul. + + Private suits do putrefy the public good. + + +Bacon. + + They would but stink, and putrefy the air. + + +Shak. + +3. To make morbid, carious, or gangrenous; as, to putrefy an ulcer or +wound. + +Pu"tre*fy, v. i. To become putrid; to decay offensively; to rot. Isa. +1. 6. + +Pu*tres"cence (?), n. The state of being putrescent; putrescent matter. + +<! p. 1168 !> + +Pu*tres"cent (?), a. [L. putrescens, p. pr.of putrescere to grow +rotten, v. incho. fr. putrere to be rotten. See Putrid.] 1. Becoming +putrid or rotten. + + Externally powerful, although putrescent at the core. + + +Motley. + +2. Of or pertaining to the process of putrefaction; as, a putrescent +smell. + +Pu*tres"ci*ble (?), a. Capable of putrefaction; liable to become +putrid; as, putrescible substances. + +Pu*tres"ci*ble, n. A substance, usually nitrogenous, which is liable to +undergo decomposition when in contact with air and moisture at ordinary +temperatures. + +Pu*tres"cin (?), n. (Physiol. Chem.) A nontoxic diamine, C4H12N2, +formed in the putrefaction of the flesh of mammals and some other +animals. + +Pu"trid (?), a. [L. putridus, fr. putrere to be rotten, fr. puter, or +putris, rotten, fr. putere to stink, to be rotten: cf. F. putride. See +Pus, Foul, a.] 1. Tending to decomposition or decay; decomposed; +rotten; -- said of animal or vegetable matter; as, putrid flesh. See +Putrefaction. + +2. Indicating or proceeding from a decayed state of animal or vegetable +matter; as, a putrid smell. + +Putrid fever (Med.), typhus fever; -- so called from the decomposing +and offensive state of the discharges and diseased textures of the +body. -- Putrid sore throat (Med.), a gangrenous inflammation of the +fauces and pharynx. + +Pu*trid"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. putriditÈ.] The quality of being putrid; +putrefaction; rottenness. + +Pu"trid*ness (?), n. Putridity. Floyer. + +Pu"tri*fac`ted (?), a. [See Putrefy.] Putrefied. [Obs.] + + What vermin bred of putrifacted slime. + + +Marston. + +Pu`tri*fi*ca"tion (?), n. Putrefaction. + +Pu"tri*fy (?), v. t. & i. To putrefy. + +Pu"tri*lage (?), n. [F. putrilage, L. putrilago putrefaction.] That +which is undergoing putrefaction; the products of putrefaction. + +Pu"try (?), a. Putrid. [Obs.] Marston. + +Pu"try, n. Putage. [Obs.] Chaucer. + +Put"ter (?), n. 1. One who puts or plates. + +2. Specifically, one who pushes the small wagons in a coal mine, and +the like. [Prov. Eng.] + +Put"ter (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Puttered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Puttering.] [See Potter.] To act inefficiently or idly; to trifle; to +potter. + +Put"ter-on` (?), n. An instigator. Shak. + +Put"ti*er (?), n. One who putties; a glazier. + +Put"ting (?), n. The throwing of a heavy stone, shot, etc., with the +hand raised or extended from the shoulder; -- originally, a Scottish +game. + +Putting stone, a heavy stone used in the game of putting. + +Put"tock (?), n. [Cf. Pout a young bird, Poult.] (Zoˆl.) (a) The +European kite. (b) The buzzard. (c) The marsh harrier. [Prov. Eng.] + +Put"tock, n. (Naut.) See Futtock. [Obs.] + +Put"ty (?), n. [F. potÈe, fr. pot pot; what was formerly called putty +being a substance resembling what is now called putty powder, and in +part made of the metal of old pots. See Pot.] A kind of thick paste or +cement compounded of whiting, or soft carbonate of lime, and linseed +oil, when applied beaten or kneaded to the consistence of dough, -- +used in fastening glass in sashes, stopping crevices, and for similar +purposes. + +Putty powder, an oxide of tin, or of tin and lead in various +proportions, much used in polishing glass, metal, precious stones, etc. + +Put"ty, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Puttied (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Puttying.] To +cement, or stop, with putty. + +Put"ty-faced` (?), a. White-faced; -- used contemptuously. Clarke. + +Put"ty*root` (?), n. (Bot.) An American orchidaceous plant (Aplectrum +hyemale) which flowers in early summer. Its slender naked rootstock +produces each year a solid corm, filled with exceedingly glutinous +matter, which sends up later a single large oval evergreen plaited +leaf. Called also Adam-and-Eve. + +Put"-up (?), a. Arranged; plotted; -- in a bad sense; as, a put-up job. +[Colloq.] + +Pu"y (?), n. See Poy. + +Puz"zel (?), n. [Cf. F. pucelle a virgin.] A harlot; a drab; a hussy. +[Obs.] Shak. + +Puz"zle (?), n. [For opposal, in the sense of problem. See Oppose, +Pose, v.] 1. Something which perplexes or embarrasses; especially, a +toy or a problem contrived for testing ingenuity; also, something +exhibiting marvelous skill in making. + +2. The state of being puzzled; perplexity; as, to be in a puzzle. + +Puz"zle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Puzzled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Puzzling +(?).] 1. To perplex; to confuse; to embarrass; to put to a stand; to +nonplus. + + A very shrewd disputant in those points is dexterous in puzzling + others. + + +Dr. H. More. + + He is perpetually puzzled and perplexed amidst his own blunders. + + +Addison. + +2. To make intricate; to entangle. + + They disentangle from the puzzled skein. + + +Cowper. + + The ways of Heaven are dark and intricate, Puzzled in mazes, and + perplexed with error. + + +Addison. + +3. To solve by ingenuity, as a puzzle; -- followed by out; as, to +puzzle out a mystery. + +Syn. -- To embarrass; perplex; confuse; bewilder; confound. See +Embarrass. + +Puz"zle, v. i. 1. To be bewildered, or perplexed. + + A puzzling fool, that heeds nothing. + + +L'Estrange. + +2. To work, as at a puzzle; as, to puzzle over a problem. + +Puz"zle*dom (?), n. The domain of puzzles; puzzles, collectively. C. +Kingsley. + +Puz"zle-head`ed (?), a. Having the head full of confused notions. +Johnson. + +Puz"zle*ment (?), n. The state of being puzzled; perplexity. Miss +Mitford. + +Puz"zler (?), n. One who, or that which, puzzles or perplexes. + + Hebrew, the general puzzler of old heads. + + +Brome. + +Puz"zling*ly (?), adv. In a puzzling manner. + +{ Puz"zo*lan (?), Puz`zo*la"na (?), } n. See Pozzuolana. + +||Py*Ê"mi*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; pus + &?; blood.] (Med.) A form +||of blood poisoning produced by the absorption into the blood of +||morbid matters usually originating in a wound or local inflammation. +||It is characterized by the development of multiple abscesses +||throughout the body, and is attended with irregularly recurring +||chills, fever, profuse sweating, and exhaustion. + +Py*Ê"mic (?), a. Of or pertaining to pyÊmia; of the nature of pyÊmia. + +Pyc`nas*pid"e*an (?), a. [Gr. &?; thick, crowded + &?;, &?;, a shield.] +(Zoˆl.) Having the posterior side of the tarsus covered with small +irregular scales; -- said of certain birds. + +||Pyc*nid"i*um (?), n.; pl. Pycnidia (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?; crowded.] +||(Bot.) In certain fungi, a flask-shaped cavity from the surface of +||the inner walls of which spores are produced. + +Pyc"nite (?), n. [Gr. &?; thick.] (Min.) A massive subcolumnar variety +of topaz. + +Pyc"no*dont (?), n. [Gr. &?; thick, crowded + &?;, &?;, a tooth.] +(Paleon.) Any fossil fish belonging to the Pycnodontini. They have +numerous round, flat teeth, adapted for crushing. + +||Pyc`no*don"ti*ni (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zoˆl.) An extinct order of ganoid +||fishes. They had a compressed body, covered with dermal ribs +||(pleurolepida) and with enameled rhomboidal scales. + +Pyc*nog"o*nid (?), n. (Zoˆl.) One of the Pycnogonida. + +||Pyc`no*gon"i*da (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; thick crowded + &?; +||knee.] (Zoˆl.) A class of marine arthropods in which the body is +||small and thin, and the eight legs usually very long; -- called also +||Pantopoda. + +The abdomen is rudimentary, and the triangular mouth is at the end of a +tubular proboscis. Many of them live at great depths in the sea, and +the largest of them measure two feet across the extended legs. + +Pyc*nom"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. &?; dense, compact + -meter.] (Physics) A +specific gravity bottle; a standard flask for measuring and comparing +the densities of liquids. [Also written pyknometer.] + +Pyc"no*style (?), a. [Gr. &?; with the pillars close together; &?; +close + &?; a column, pillar: cf. F. pycnostyle.] (Anc. Arch.) See +under Intercolumniation. -n. A pycnostyle colonnade. + +Pye (?), n. See 2d Pie (b). + +Pye"bald` (?), a. See Piebald. + +||Py`e*li"tis (?). n. [Gr. basin + - itis.] (Med.) Inflammation of the +||pelvis of the kidney. + +Py*e"mi*a (?), n. (Med.) See Py∆mia. + +Py"et (?), n. A magpie; a piet. [Prov. Eng.] + + Here cometh the worthy prelate as pert as a pyet. + + +Sir W. Scott. + +Py"gal (?), a. [Gr. &?; the rump.] (Anat.) Situated in the region of +the rump, or posterior end of the backbone; -- applied especially to +the posterior median plates in the carapace of chelonians. + +{ Py"garg (?), ||Py*gar"gus (?), }[L. pygargus, Gr. &?;, literally, +white rump; &?; the rump + white: cf. F. pygargue.] 1. (Zoˆl.) A +quadruped, probably the addax, an antelope having a white rump. Deut. +xiv. 5. + +2. (Zoˆl.) (a) The female of the hen harrier. (b) The sea eagle. + +||Py*gid"i*um (?), n.; pl. Pygidia (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, dim. of &?; +||the rump.] (Zoˆl.) The caudal plate of trilobites, crustacean, and +||certain insects. See Illust. of Limulus and Trilobite. + +{ Pyg"my (?), Pyg*me"an (?), } a. [L. pygmaeus. See Pygmy.] Of or +pertaining to a pygmy; resembling a pygmy or dwarf; dwarfish; very +small. " Like that Pygmean race." Milton. + +Pygmy antelope (Zoˆl.), the kleeneboc. -- Pygmy goose (Zoˆl.), any +species of very small geese of the genus Nettapus, native of Africa, +India, and Australia. -- Pygmy owl (Zoˆl.), the gnome. -- Pygmy parrot +(Zoˆl.), any one of several species of very small green parrots +(NasiternÊ), native of New Guinea and adjacent islands. They are not +larger than sparrows. + +Pyg"my, n.; pl. Pygmies (#). [L. pygmaeus, Gr. &?;, fr. &?; the fist, a +measure of length, the distance from the elbow to the knuckles, about +131 inches. Cf. Pugnacious, Fist.] [Written also pigmy.] 1. (Class. +Myth.) One of a fabulous race of dwarfs who waged war with the cranes, +and were destroyed. + +2. Hence, a short, insignificant person; a dwarf. + + Pygmies are pygmies still, though perched on Alps. And pyramids are + pyramids in vales. + + +Young. + +||Py`go*bran"chi*a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. pugh` the rump + &?; a +||gill.] (Zoˆl.) A division of opisthobranchiate mollusks having the +||branchiÊ in a wreath or group around the anal opening, as in the +||genus Doris. + +Py"go*pod (?), n. [Gr. pygh` rump + -pod.] + +1. (Zoˆl.) One of the Pygopodes. + +2. (Zoˆl.) Any species of serpentiform lizards of the family +PygopodidÊ, which have rudimentary hind legs near the anal cleft, but +lack fore legs. + +||Py*gop"o*des (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zoˆl.) A division of swimming birds +||which includes the grebes, divers, auks, etc., in which the legs are +||placed far back. + +Py*gop"o*dous (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Of or pertaining to the Pygopodes. + +Py"go*style (?), n. [Gr. pygh` the rump + &?; a pillar.] (Anat.) The +plate of bone which forms the posterior end of the vertebral column in +most birds; the plowshare bone; the vomer. It is formed by the union of +a number of the last caudal vertebrÊ, and supports the uropigium. + +Py"in (?), n. [Gr. &?; pus.] (Physiol. (Chem.) An albuminoid +constituent of pus, related to mucin, possibly a mixture of substances +rather than a single body. + +||Py*ja"ma (?), n. [Hind. pe- jma, literally, leg clothing.] In India +||and Persia, thin loose trowsers or drawers; in Europe and America, +||drawers worn at night, or a kind of nightdress with legs. [Written +||also paijama.] + +Pyk"ar (?), n. An ancient English fishing boat. + +||Py"la n.; pl. L. PylÊ (#), E. Pylas (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?; an +||entrance.] (Anat.) The passage between the iter and optocúle in the +||brain. B. G. Wilder. + +Pyl"a*gore (?), n. [Gr. &?;; &?; PylÊ, or ThermopylÊ, where the +Amphictyonic council met + &?; to assemble: cf. F. pylagore.] (Gr. +Antiq.) a deputy of a State at the Amphictyonic council. + +||Py*lan"gi*um (?), n.; pl. Pylangia (&?;). [NL., from Gr. &?; an +||entrance + &?; a vessel.] (Anat.) The first and undivided part of the +||aortic trunk in the amphibian heart. -- Py*lan"gi*al (#), a. + +||Py"lon (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; a gateway.] (a) A low tower, having +||a truncated pyramidal form, and flanking an ancient Egyptian gateway. + + Massive pylons adorned with obelisks in front. + + +J. W. Draper. + +(b) An Egyptian gateway to a large building (with or without flanking +towers). + +Py*lor"ic (?), a. [Cf. F. pylorique.] (Anat.) Of, pertaining to, or in +the region of, the pylorus; as, the pyloric end of the stomach. + +||Py*lo"rus (?), n.; pl. Pylori (#). [L., fr. Gr. &?; pylorus, gate +||keeper; &?; a gate + &?; watcher, guardian.] (Anat.) (a) The opening +||from the stomach into the intestine. (b) A posterior division of the +||stomach in some invertebrates. + +Pyne (?), n. & v. See Pine. [Obs.] Chaucer. + +Py*noun" (?), n. A pennant. [Obs.] Chaucer. + +Py`o*cy"a*nin (?), n. [Gr. &?; pus + &?; dark blue.] (Physiol. (Chem.) +A blue coloring matter found in the pus from old sores, supposed to be +formed through the agency of a species of bacterium (Bacillus +pyocyaneus). + +Py`o*gen"ic (?), a. [Gr. &?; pus + root of &?; to be born.] (Med.) +Producing or generating pus. + +Py"oid (?), a. [Gr. &?; pus + -- oid.] (Med.) Of or pertaining to pus; +of the nature of, or like, pus. + +Pyoid corpuscles (Med.), cells of a size larger than pus corpuscles, +containing two or more of the latter. + +Py`op*neu`mo*tho"rax (?), n. [Gr. &?; pus + E. pneumothorax.] (Med.) +Accumulation of air, or other gas, and of pus, in the pleural cavity. + +Py"ot (?), n. (Zoˆl.) The magpie. See Piet. + +Py`o*xan"those (?), n. [Gr. &?; pus + &?; yellow.] (Physiol. (Chem.) A +greenish yellow crystalline coloring matter found with pyocyanin in +pus. + +Pyr"a*canth (?), n. [Gr. &?; fire + &?; a thorn, prickly plant.] (Bot.) +The evergreen thorn (CratÊgus Pyracantha), a shrub native of Europe. + +Py"ral (?), a. Of or pertaining to a pyre. [R.] + +Pyr"a*lid (?), n. [L. pyralis, -idis, a kind of winged insect.] (Zoˆl.) +Any moth of the family PyralidÊ. The species are numerous and mostly +small, but some of them are very injurious, as the bee moth, meal moth, +hop moth, and clover moth. + +Pyr"a*mid (?), n. [L. pyramis, -idis, fr. Gr. &?;, &?;, of Egyptian +origin: cf. F. pyramide.] + +1. A solid body standing on a triangular, square, or polygonal base, +and terminating in a point at the top; especially, a structure or +edifice of this shape. + +2. (Geom.) A solid figure contained by a plane rectilineal figure as +base and several triangles which have a common vertex and whose bases +are sides of the base. + +3. pl. (Billiards) The game of pool in which the balls are placed in +the form of a triangle at spot. [Eng.] + +Altitude of a pyramid (Geom.), the perpendicular distance from the +vertex to the plane of the base. -- Axis of a pyramid (Geom.), a +straight line drawn from the vertex to the center of the base. -- Earth +pyramid. (Geol.) See Earth pillars, under Earth. -- Right pyramid +(Geom.) a pyramid whose axis is perpendicular to the base. + +Py*ram`i*dal (?), a. [Cf. F. pyramidal.] + +1. Of or pertaining to a pyramid; in the form of a a pyramid; +pyramidical; as, pyramidal cleavage. + + The mystic obelisks stand up Triangular, pyramidal. + + +Mrs. Browning. + +<! p. 1169 !> + +2. (Crystallog.) Same as Tetragonal. + +Pyramidal numbers (Math.), certain series of figurate numbers +expressing the number of balls or points that may be arranged in the +form of pyramids. Thus 1, 4, 10, 20, 35, etc., are triangular pyramidal +numbers; and 1, 5, 14, 30, 55, etc., are square pyramidal numbers. + +Py*ram"i*dal (?), n. (Anat.) One of the carpal bones. See Cuneiform, +n., 2 (b). + +Py*ram"i*dal*ly, adv. Like a pyramid. + +{ Pyr`a*mid"ic (?), Pyr`a*mid"ic*al (?), } a. Of or pertaining to a +pyramid; having the form of a pyramid; pyramidal. " A pyramidical +rock." Goldsmith. "Gold in pyramidic plenty piled." Shenstone. -- +Pyr`a*mid"ic*al*ly, adv. Pyr`a*mild"ic*al*ness, n. + +||Pyr`a*mid"i*on (?), n.; pl. Pyramidia (#). [NL., from L. pyramis. See +||Pyramid.] The small pyramid which crowns or completes an obelisk. + +Py*ram"i*doid (?), n. [Gr. &?;, &?;, pyramid + -id: cf. F. +pyramidoÔde.] A solid resembling a pyramid; -- called also pyramoid. +Barlow. + +||Pyr"a*mis (?), n.; pl. Pyramides (#). [L.] A pyramid. + +Pyr"a*moid (?), n. See Pyramidoid. + +Py*rar"gy*rite (?), n. [Gr. &?; fire + &?; silver.] (Min.) Ruby silver; +dark red silver ore. It is a sulphide of antimony and silver, occurring +in rhombohedral crystals or massive, and is of a dark red or black +color with a metallic adamantine luster. + +Pyre (?), n. [L. pure, Gr. &?;, fr. &?; fire. See Fire.] A funeral +pile; a combustible heap on which the dead are burned; hence, any pile +to be burnt. + + For nine long nights, through all the dusky air, The pyres thick + flaming shot a dismal glare. + + +Pope. + +||Py*re"na (?), n.; pl. PyrenÊ (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, the stone of +||fruit.] (Bot.) A nutlet resembling a seed, or the kernel of a drupe. +||Gray. + +Py"rene (?), n. [Gr. &?; fire.] (Chem.) One of the less volatile +hydrocarbons of coal tar, obtained as a white crystalline substance, +C16H10. + +Py"rene, n. (Bot.) Same as Pyrena. + +Pyr`e*ne"an (?), a. [L. Pyrenaei (sc. montes) the Pyrenees, fr. Pyrene, +Gr.&?; a daughter of Bebryx, beloved by Hercules, and buried upon these +mountains.] Of or pertaining to the Pyrenees, a range of mountains +separating France and Spain. -- n. The Pyrenees. Shak. + +Py*re"noid (?), n. [Gr. &?; like a kernel. See Pyrena, and -oid.] +(Zoˆl.) A transparent body found in the chromatophores of certain +Infusoria. + +Pyr"eth*rin (?), n. [NL. Pyrethrum, generic name of feverfew, Gr. &?; +feverfew.] (Chem.) A substance resembling, and isomeric with, ordinary +camphor, and extracted from the essential oil of feverfew; -- called +also Pyrethrum camphor. + +Pyr"eth*rine (?), n. (Chem.) An alkaloid extracted from the root of the +pellitory of Spain (Anacyclus pyrethrum). + +Py*ret"ic (?), a. [Gr. &?; burning heat, fever, from &?; fire: cf. F. +pyrÈtique.] (Med.) Of or pertaining to fever; febrile. + +Pyr`e*tol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. &?; fever + -logy: cf. F. pyrÈtologie.] +(Med.) A discourse or treatise on fevers; the doctrine of fevers. +Hooper. + +||Py*rex"i*a (?), n.; pl. PyrexiÊ (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?; to be +||feverish, akin to &?; fever.] (Med.) The febrile condition. + +{ Py*rex"i*al (?), Py*rex"ic*al (?), } a. (Med.) Of or pertaining to +fever; feverish. + +Pyr"gom (?), n. [Gr. &?; a place furnished with towers, fr. &?; a +tower.] (Min.) A variety of pyroxene; -- called also fassaite. + +Pyr*he`li*om"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. &?; fire + &?; sun + -meter.] (Physics) +An instrument for measuring the direct heating effect of the sun's +rays. + +Py*rid"ic (?), a. (Physiol. Chem.) Related to, or formed from, pyridin +or its homologues; as, the pyridic bases. + +Pyr"i*dine (?), n. [From Gr. &?; fire.] (Physiol. Chem.) A nitrogenous +base, C5H5N, obtained from the distillation of bone oil or coal tar, +and by the decomposition of certain alkaloids, as a colorless liquid +with a peculiar pungent odor. It is the nucleus of a large number of +organic substances, among which several vegetable alkaloids, as +nicotine and certain of the ptomaÔnes, may be mentioned. See Lutidine. + +Pyr"i*dyl (?), n. [Pyridine + -yl.] (Chem.) A hypothetical radical, +C5H4N, regarded as the essential residue of pyridine, and analogous to +phenyl. + +Pyr"i*form (?), a. [L. pyrum, pirum, a pear + -form: cf. F. pyriforme, +piriforme.] Having the form of a pear; pear- shaped. + +Pyr`i*ta"ceous (?), a. (Min.) Of or pertaining to pyrites. See Pyritic. + +Pyr"ite (?), n.; pl. Pyrites (#). [Cf. F. pyrite. See Pyrites.] (Min.) +A common mineral of a pale brass- yellow color and brilliant metallic +luster, crystallizing in the isometric system; iron pyrites; iron +disulphide. + + Hence sable coal his massy couch extends, And stars of gold the + sparkling pyrite blends. + + +E. Darwin. + +Py*ri"tes (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?;, fr. &?; fire. See Pyre.] (Min.) A +name given to a number of metallic minerals, sulphides of iron, copper, +cobalt, nickel, and tin, of a white or yellowish color. + +The term was originally applied to the mineral pyrite, or iron pyrites, +in allusion to its giving sparks when struck with steel. + +Arsenical pyrites, arsenopyrite. -- Auriferous pyrites. See under +Auriferous. -- Capillary pyrites, millerite. -- Common pyrites, +isometric iron disulphide; pyrite. -- Hair pyrites, millerite. -- Iron +pyrites. See Pyrite. -- Magnetic pyrites, pyrrhotite. -- Tin pyrites, +stannite. -- White iron pyrites, orthorhombic iron disulphide; +marcasite. This includes cockscomb pyrites (a variety of marcasite, +named in allusion to its form), spear pyrites, etc. -- Yellow, or +Copper, pyrites, the sulphide of copper and iron; chalcopyrite. + +{ Py*rit"ic (?), Py*rit"ic*al (?), } a. (Min.) Of or pertaining to +pyrites; consisting of, or resembling, pyrites. + +Pyr`i*tif"er*ous (?), a. [Pyrites + -ferous.] (Min.) Containing or +producing pyrites. + +Pyr"i*tize (?), v. t. [Cf. F. pyritiser.] To convert into pyrites. + +Pyr`i*to*he"dral (?), a. [See Pyritohedron.] (Crystallog.) Like pyrites +in hemihedral form. + +Pyr`i*to*he"dron (?), n. [Pyrite + Gr. &?; base.] (Crystallog.) The +pentagonal dodecahedron, a common form of pyrite. + +Pyr"i*toid (?), n. [Pyrite + - oid.] (Crystallog.) Pyritohedron. [R.] + +Pyr`i*tol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. &?; of fire + -logy.] The science of +blowpipe analysis. + +Pyr"i*tous (?), a. Pyritic. + +{ Pyro-, Pyr- }. [Gr. &?;, &?;, fire.] Combining forms designating fire +or heat; specifically (Chem.), used to imply an actual or theoretical +derivative by the action of heat; as in pyrophosphoric, pyrosulphuric, +pyrotartaric, pyrotungstic, etc. + +Py"ro (?), n. (Photog.) Abbreviation of pyrogallic acid. [Colloq.] + +Pyr`o*a*ce"tic (?), a. [Pyro- + acetic: cf. F. pyroacÈtique.] (Chem.) +Pertaining to, and designating, a substance (acetone) obtained by the +distillation of the acetates. It is now called also pyroacetic ether, +and formerly was called pyroacetic spirit. + +Pyr`o*ac"id (?), n. [Pyro- + acid.] (Chem.) An acid obtained by +sybjecting another acid to the action of heat. Cf. Pyro-. + +Pyr`o*an`ti*mo"nate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of pyroantimonic acid. + +Pyr`o*an`ti*mon"ic (?), a. [Pyro- + antimonic.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, +or designating, an acid of antimony analogous to pyrophosphoric acid. + +Pyr`o*ar"se*nate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of pyroarsenic acid. + +Pyr`o*ar*sen"ic (?), a. [Pyro- + arsenic.] (Chem.) Pertaining to or +designating, an acid of arsenic analogous to pyrophosphoric acid. + +Pyr`o*bo"rate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of pyroboric acid. + +Pyr`o*bo"ric (?), a. [Pyro- + boric.] (Chem.) Pertaining to derived +from, or designating, an acid, H2B4O7 (called also tetraboric acid), +which is the acid ingredient of ordinary borax, and is obtained by +heating boric acid. + +Pyr`o*cat"e*chin (?), n. [Pyro- + catechu.] (Chem.) A white crystalline +substance, C6H4(OH)2, of the phenol series, found in various plants; -- +so called because first obtained by distillation of gum catechu. Called +also catechol, oxyphenol. etc. + +Pyr"o*chlore (?), n. [Pyro- + Gr. &?; pale green.] (Min.) A niobate of +calcium, cerium, and other bases, occurring usually in octahedrons of a +yellowish or brownish color and resinous luster; -- so called from its +becoming grass-green on being subjected to heat under the blowpipe. + +Pyr`o*cit"ric (?), a. [Pyro- + citric: cf. F. pyrocitrique.] (Chem.) +Pertaining to, or designating, any one of three acids obtained by the +distillation of citric acid, and called respectively citraconic, +itaconic, and mesaconic acid. + +Pyr"o*coll (pr"*kl), n. [Puro- + Gr. ko`lla glue.] (Chem.) A yellow +crystalline substance allied to pyrrol, obtained by the distillation of +gelatin. + +Pyr`o*e*lec"tric (?), a. [Pyro- + electric.] (Physics) Pertaining to, +or dependent on, pyroelectricity; receiving electric polarity when +heated. + +Pyr`o*e*lec"tric, n. (Physics) A substance which becomes electrically +polar when heated, exhibiting opposite charges of statical electricity +at two separate parts, especially the two extremities. + +Pyr`o*e`lec*tric"i*ty (?), n. (Physics) Electricity developed by means +of heat; the science which treats of electricity thus developed. + +Pyr`o*gal"late (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of pyrogallic acid; an ether of +pyrogallol. + +Pyr`o*gal"lic (?), a. [Pyro- + gallic.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, derived +from, or designating, an acid called pyrogallol. See Pyrogallol. + +Pyr`o*gal"lol (?), n. [Pyrogallic + -ol.] (Chem.) A phenol metameric +with phloroglucin, obtained by the distillation of gallic acid as a +poisonous white crystalline substance having acid properties, and hence +called also pyrogallic acid. It is a strong reducer, and is used as a +developer in photography and in the production of certain dyes. + +Pyr"o*gen (?), n. [See Pyrogenous.] 1. Electricity. [R.] + +2. (Physiol. Chem.) A poison separable from decomposed meat infusions, +and supposed to be formed from albuminous matter through the agency of +bacteria. + +Pyr`o*gen"ic (?), a. [Pyro- + -gen + -ic.] (Physiol.) Producing heat; +-- said of substances, as septic poisons, which elevate the temperature +of the body and cause fever. + +Py*rog"e*nous (?), a. [Gr. &?; fire + genous: cf. F. purogËne, Gr. +&?;.] Produced by fire; igneous. Mantell. . + +Pyr`og*nos"tic (?), a. [Pyro- + Gr. &?; to know.] (Min.) Of or +pertaining to characters developed by the use of heat; pertaining to +the characters of minerals when examined before the blowpipe; as, the +pyrognostic characters of galena. + +Pyr`og*nos"tics (?), n. pl. (Min.) The characters of a mineral observed +by the use of the blowpipe, as the degree of fusibility, flame +coloration, etc. + +Py*rog"ra*phy (?), n. [Pyro- + -graphy.] A process of printing, +ornamenting, or carving, by burning with heated instruments. + +Py*rol"a*tor (?), n. [See Pyrolatry.] A fire worshiper. [R.] Southey. + +Py*rol"a*try (?), n. [Pyro- + Gr. &?; worship: cf. F. pyrol‚trie.] The +worship of fire. Young. + +{ Pyr`o*lig"ne*ous (?), Pyr`o*lig"nic (?), } a. [Pyro-+ L. lignum wood: +cf. F. pyroligneux.] (Old Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, the +acid liquid obtained in the distillation of wood, consisting +essentially of impure acetic acid. + +Pyr`o*lig"nous (?), a. Same as Pyroligneous. + +Pyr`o*lith"ic (?), a. [Pyro- + lithic.] (Old Chem.) Same as Pyrouric, +or Cyanuric. + +Py*rol"o*gist (?), n. One who is versed in, or makes a study of, +pyrology. + +Py*rol"o*gy (?), n. [Pyro- + - logy: cf. F. pyrologie.] That branch of +physical science which treats of the properties, phenomena, or effects +of heat; also, a treatise on heat. + +Pyr`o*lu"site (?), n. [Pyro- + Gr. &?; to loose, or &?; a loosing.] +(Min.) Manganese dioxide, a mineral of an iron-black or dark steel-gray +color and metallic luster, usually soft. Pyrolusite parts with its +oxygen at a red heat, and is extensively used in discharging the brown +and green tints of glass (whence its name). + +Pyr`o*mag*net"ic (?), a. [Pyro- + magnetic.] (Physics) Acting by the +agency of heat and magnetism; as, a pyromagnetic machine for producing +electric currents. + +Pyr`o*ma"late (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of pyromalic acid. [Obs.] + +Pyr`o*ma"lic (?), a. [Pyro- + malic.] (Old Chem.) Pertaining to, or +designating, an acid now called maleic acid. + +Pyr"o*man`cy (?), n. [Gr. &?;; &?; fire + &?; divination: cf. F. +pyromancie.] Divination by means of fire. + +Pyr"o*ma"ni*a (?), n. [Pyro- + mania.] An insane disposition to +incendiarism. + +Pyr"o*man"tic (?), a. Of or pertaining to pyromancy. + +Pyr`o*man"tic, n. [Cf. Gr. &?;.] One who pretends to divine by fire. +Sir T. Herbert. + +Py*rom"e*ter (?), n. [Pyro- + -meter: cf. F. pyromËtre.] 1. (Physics) +An instrument used for measuring the expansion of solid bodies by heat. + +2. (Physics) An instrument for measuring degrees of heat above those +indicated by the mercurial thermometer. + +It is usually constructed so as to register the change which the heat +to be measured produces in the length of some expansible substance, as +a metallic rod, or in the intensity of a thermo-electric current. + +{ Pyr`o*met"ric (?), Pyr`o*met"ric*al } a. [Cf. F. pyromÈtrique.] +(Physics) Pertaining to, or obtained by, the pyrometer; as, +pyrometrical instruments; pyrometrical measurements. + +Py*rom"e*try (?), n. The art of measuring degrees of heat, or the +expansion of bodies by heat. + +Pyr`o*mor"phite (?), n. [G. pyromorphit, from Gr. &?; fire + &?; form.] +(Min.) Native lead phosphate with lead chloride, occurring in bright +green and brown hexagonal crystals and also massive; -- so called +because a fused globule crystallizes in cooling. + +Pyr`o*mor"phous (?), a. [Pyro- + -morphous.] (Min.) Having the property +of crystallizing by the agency of fire. + +Pyr`o*mu"cate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of pyromucic acid. + +Pyr`o*mu"cic (?), a. [Pyro- + mucic.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, derived +from, or designating, an acid obtained as a white crystalline substance +by the distillation of mucic acid, or by the oxidation of furfurol. + +Pyr`o*nom"ics (?), n. [Pyro- + Gr. &?; law.] The science of heat. + +Pyr"ope (?), n. [L. pyropus a kind of red bronze, fr. Gr. &?;; &?; fire ++ &?; the eye, face: cf. F. pyrope.] (Min.) A variety of garnet, of a +poppy or blood-red color, frequently with a tinge of orange. It is used +as a gem. See the Note under Garnet. + +Pyr"o*phane (?), n. [See Pyrophanous.] (Min.) A mineral which is opaque +in its natural state, but is said to change its color and become +transparent by heat. + +Py*roph"a*nous (?), a. [Pyro- + Gr. &?; to show, pass, to shine.] +Rendered transparent by heat. + +Pyr"o*phone (?), n. [Pyro- + Gr. &?; sound.] A musical instrument in +which the tones are produced by flames of hydrogen, or illuminating +gas, burning in tubes of different sizes and lengths. + +{ Pyr`o*phor"ic (?), Py*roph"o*rous (?), } a. [Pyro- + Gr. &?; to +bear.] Light- producing; of or pertaining to pyrophorus. + +Pyrophoric iron (Chem.), finely reduced iron, which ignites +spontaneously on contact with air. + +||Py*roph"o*rus (?), n. [NL. See Pyrophorous.] (Old Chem.) Any one of +||several substances or mixtures which phosphoresce or ignite +||spontaneously on exposure to air, as a heated mixture of alum, +||potash, and charcoal, or a mixture of charcoal and finely divided +||lead. + +Pyr"o*phos"phate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of pyrophosphoric acid. + +Pyr`o*phos*phor"ic (?), a. [Pyro- + phosphoric.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, +or designating, an acid, H4P2O7, which is obtained as a white +crystalline substance. Its salts are obtained by heating the +phosphates. + +Py*roph"yl*lite (?), n. [Pyro- + Gr. &?; leaf.] (Min.) A mineral, +usually of a white or greenish color and pearly luster, consisting +chiefly of the hydrous silicate of alumina. + +Pyr"o*scope (?), n. [Pyro- + - scope: cf. F. pyroscope.] (Physics) An +instrument for measuring the intensity of heat radiating from a fire, +or the cooling influence of bodies. It is a differential thermometer, +having one bulb coated with gold or silver leaf. [R.] + +<! p. 1170 !> + +||Py*ro"sis (?), n. [NL., fr Gr. &?; a burning, an inflammation, fr. +||&?; to burn, fr. &?; fire.] (Med.) See Water brash, under Brash. + +Py*ros"ma*lite (?), n. [Pyro- + Gr. &?; odor + -like. ] (Min.) A +mineral, usually of a pale brown or of a gray or grayish green color, +consisting chiefly of the hydrous silicate of iron and manganese; -- so +called from the odor given off before the blowpipe. + +Pyr"o*some (?), n. [Pyro- + - some body.] (Zoˆl.) Any compound ascidian +of the genus Pyrosoma. The pyrosomes form large hollow cylinders, +sometimes two or three feet long, which swim at the surface of the sea +and are very phosphorescent. + +Pyr`o*sul"phate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of pyrosulphuric acid. + +Pyr`o*sul*phu"ric (?), a. [Pyro- + -sulphuric.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, +or designating, an acid called also disulphuric acid) obtained by +distillation of certain sulphates, as a colorless, thick, oily liquid, +H2S2O7 resembling sulphuric acid. It is used in the solution of indigo, +in the manufacture of alizarin, and in dehydration. + +Pyr`o*tar*tar"ic (?), a. [Pyro- + tartaric.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or +designating, an acid obtained as a white crystalline substance by the +distillation of tartaric acid. + +Pyr`o*tar"trate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of pyrotartaric acid. + +Pyr`o*tech"ni*an (?), n. A pyrotechnist. + +{ Pyr`o*tech"nic (?), Pyr`o*tech"nic*al (?), } a. [Pyro- + technic, +technical: cf. F. pyrotechnique. See Fire, Technical.] Of or pertaining +to fireworks, or the art of forming them. + +Pyrotechnical sponge. See under Sponge. + +Pyr`o*tech*ni"cian (?), n. A pyrotechnist. + +Pyr`o*tech"nics (?), n. The art of making fireworks; the manufacture +and use of fireworks; pyrotechny. + +Pyr`o*tech"nist (?), n. One skilled in pyrotechny; one who manufactures +fireworks. Steevens. + +Pyr`o*tech`ny (?), n. [Cf. F. pyrotechnie.] 1. The use and application +of fire in science and the arts. [Obs.] Sir M. Hale. + +2. Same as Pyrotechnics. + +Py*roth"o*nide (?), n. [Pyro- + Gr. &?; linen.] (Med.) A kind of +empyreumatic oil produced by the combustion of textures of hemp, linen, +or cotton in a copper vessel, -- formerly used as a remedial agent. +Dunglison. + +Py*rot"ic (?), a. [Gr. &?;, fr. &?; to burn, fr. &?;, &?;, fire: cf. F. +pyrotique.] Caustic. See Caustic. -- n. (Med.) A caustic medicine. + +Pyr`o*tri`tar*tar"ic (?), a. [Pyro- + tri- + tartaric.] (Chem.) +Designating an acid which is more commonly called uric acid. + +Pyr`o*tung"stic (?), a. (Chem.) Polytungstic. See Metatungstic. + +Pyr`o*¸"ric (?), a. [Pyro- + uric.] (Old Chem.) Pertaining to, or +designating, an acid now called cyanuric acid. See Cyanuric. + +Pyr`o*va*nad"ic (?), a. [Pyro- + vanadic.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or +designating, an acid of vanadium, analogous to pyrophosphoric acid. + +Pyr`o*xan"thin (?), n. [Pyro- + Gr. &?; yellow.] (Chem.) A yellow +crystalline hydrocardon extracted from crude wood spirit; -- called +also eblanin. + +Pyr"ox*ene (?), n. [F. pyroxËne, from Gr. &?; fire + &?; a stranger; -- +so called because it was supposed to the be a stranger, or of rare +occurrence, in igneous rocks,] (Min.) A common mineral occurring in +monoclinic crystals, with a prismatic angle of nearly 90∞, and also in +massive forms which are often laminated. It varies in color from white +to dark green and black, and includes many varieties differing in color +and composition, as diopside, malacolite, salite, coccolite, augite, +etc. They are all silicates of lime and magnesia with sometimes alumina +and iron. Pyroxene is an essential constituent of many rocks, +especially basic igneous rocks, as basalt, gabbro, etc. + +The pyroxene group contains pyroxene proper, also the related +orthorhombic species, enstatite, bronzite, hypersthene, and various +monoclinic and triclinic species, as rhodonite, etc. + +Pyr`ox*en"ic (?), a. [Cf. F. pyroxÈnique.] Containing pyroxene; +composed chiefly of pyroxene. + +Py*rox"e*nite (?), n. (Min.) A rock consisting essentially of pyroxene. + +Py*rox"yle (?), n. [Cf. F. pyroxyle. See Pyroxylic, -yl.] + +Pyr`ox*yl"ic (?), a. [Pyro- + Gr. &?; wood.] (Old Chem.) Derived from +wood by distillation; -- formerly used in designating crude wood +spirit. + +Py*rox"y*lin (?), n. (Chem.) A substance resembling gun cotton in +composition and properties, but distinct in that it is more highly +nitrified and is soluble in alcohol, ether, etc.; -- called also +pyroxyle. + +Pyr"rhic (?), a. [L. pyrrhichius, Gr. &?; belonging to the &?; (sc. +&?;) a kind of war dance.] 1. Of or pertaining to an ancient Greek +martial dance. " ye have the pyrrhic dance as yet." Byron. + +2. (Pros.) Of or pertaining to a pyrrhic, or to pyrrhics; containing +pyrrhic; as, a pyrrhic verse. + +Pyr"rhic, n. 1. [Gr. &?;: cf. F. pyrrhique, fem.] An ancient Greek +martial dance, to the accompaniment of the flute, its time being very +quick. + +2. [L. pyrrhichius (sc. pes), Gr. &?; (sc. &?;): cf. F. pyrrhique, +masc.] (Pros.) A foot consisting of two short syllables. + +Pyr"rhi*cist (?), n. (Gr. Antiq.) One two danced the pyrrhic. + +{ Pyr*rho"ne*an (?), Pyr*rhon"ic (?), } a. [L. PyrrhonÍus: cf. F. +pyrrhonien.] Of or pertaining to pyrrhonism. + +Pyr"rho*nism (?), n. [From Pyrrho, the founder of a school of skeptics +in Greece (about 300 b. c.): cf. F. pyrrhonisme.] Skepticism; universal +doubt. + +Pyr"rho*nist (?), n. A follower of Pyrrho; a skeptic. + +{ Pyr"rho*tine (?), Pyr"rho*tite (?), } n. [Gr. &?; flame-colored, fr. +&?; fire.] (Min.) A bronze-colored mineral, of metallic luster. It is a +sulphide of iron, and is remarkable for being attracted by the magnet. +Called also magnetic pyrites. + +Pyr"rol (?), n. [Gr. &?; flame-colored (from &?; fire) + L. oleum oil.] +(Chem.) A nitrogenous base found in coal tar, bone oil, and other +distillates of organic substances, and also produced synthetically as a +colorless liquid, C4H5N, having on odor like that of chloroform. It is +the nucleus and origin of a large number of derivatives. So called +because it colors a splinter of wood moistened with hydrochloric acid a +deep red. + +Pyr"ro*line (?), n. (Chem.) A nitrogenous base, C4H7N, obtained as a +colorless liquid by the reduction of pyrrol. + +||Pyr"u*la (?), n. [NL., fr. L. pyrus a pear.] (Zoˆl.) A genus of large +||marine gastropods. having a pear-shaped shell. It includes the +||fig-shells. See Illust. in Appendix. + +Py*ru"ric (?), a. Same as Pyro¸ric. + +||Py"rus (?), n. [L. pyrus, or better pirus, pear tree.] (Bot.) A genus +||of rosaceous trees and shrubs having pomes for fruit. It includes the +||apple, crab apple, pear, chokeberry, sorb, and mountain ash. + +Py*ru"vic (?), a. [Pyro- + L. uva a grape.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or +designating, an acid (called also pyroracemic acid) obtained, as a +liquid having a pungent odor, by the distillation of racemic acid. + +Py*ru"vil (?), n. (Chem.) A complex nitrogenous compound obtained by +heating together pyruvic acid and urea. + +Pyth`a*go"re*an (?), a. [L. Pythagoreus, Gr. &?;.] Of or pertaining to +Pythagoras (a Greek philosopher, born about 582 b. c.), or his +philosophy. + + The central thought of the Pythagorean philosophy is the idea of + number, the recognition of the numerical and mathematical relations + of things. + + +Encyc. Brit. + +Pythagorean proposition (Geom.), the theorem that the square described +upon the hypothenuse of a plane right-angled triangle is equal to the +sum of the squares described upon the other two sides. -- Pythagorean +system (Astron.), the commonly received system of astronomy, first +taught by Pythagoras, and afterward revived by Copernicus, whence it is +also called the Copernican system. -- Pythagorean letter. See Y. + +Pyth`a*go"re*an (?), n. A follower of Pythagoras; one of the school of +philosophers founded by Pythagoras. + +Pyth`a*go"re*an*ism (?), n. The doctrines of Pythagoras or the +Pythagoreans. + + As a philosophic school Pythagoreanism became extinct in Greece + about the middle of the 4th century [B. C.]. + + +Encyc. Brit. + +{ Pyth`a*gor"ic (?), Pyth`a*gor"ic*al (?), } a.[L. Pythagoricus, Gr. +&?;: cf. F. pythagorique.] See Pythagorean, a. + +Py*thag"o*rism (?), n. [Gr. &?;.] The doctrines taught by Pythagoras. + +Pythagoras made numbers the basis of his philosophical system, as well +physical as metaphysical. The doctrine of the transmigration of souls +(metempsychosis) is associated closely with name of Pythagoras. + +Py*thag"o*rize (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Pythagorized (?); p. pr. & vb. +n. Pythagorizing (?).] [Gr. &?;.] To speculate after the manner of +Pythagoras. + +Pyth"i*ad (?), n. [See Pythian.] (Gr. Antiq.) The period intervening +between one celebration of the Pythian games and the next. + +Pyth"i*an (?), a. [L. Pythius, Gr. &?; belonging to Pytho, the older +name of Delphi and its environs: cf. F. pythien.] Of or pertaining to +Delphi, to the temple of Apollo, or to the priestess of Apollo, who +delivered oracles at Delphi. + +Pythian games (Gr. Antiq.), one of the four great national festivals of +ancient Greece, celebrated near Delphi, in honor of Apollo, the +conqueror of the dragon Python, at first once in eight years, afterward +once in four. + +Pyth`o*cen"ic (?), a. [Gr. &?; to rot + &?; origin.] Producing +decomposition, as diseases which are supposed to be accompanied or +caused by decomposition. + +Py"thon (?), n. [NL., fr. L. Python the serpent slain near Delphi by +Apollo, Gr. &?;.] 1. (Zoˆl.) Any species of very large snakes of the +genus Python, and allied genera, of the family PythonidÊ. They are +nearly allied to the boas. Called also rock snake. + +The pythons have small pelvic bones, or anal spurs, two rows of +subcaudal scales, and pitted labials. They are found in Africa, Asia, +and the East Indies. + +2. A diviner by spirits. "[Manasses] observed omens, and appointed +pythons." 4 Kings xxi. 6 (Douay version). + +Pyth"o*ness (?), n. [L. pythonissa: cf. F. pythonisse. See Pythian.] 1. +(Gr. Antiq.) The priestess who gave oracular answers at Delphi in +Greece. + +2. Any woman supposed to have a spirit of divination; a sort of witch. +Bp. Hall. + +Py*thon"ic (?), a. [L. pythonicus, Gr. &?;. See Pythian.] Prophetic; +oracular; pretending to foretell events. + +Pyth"o*nism (?), n. The art of predicting events after the manner of +the priestess of Apollo at Delphi; equivocal prophesying. + +Pyth"o*nist (?), n. A conjurer; a diviner. + +||Pyth`o*no*mor"pha (?), n. pl. [NL. See Python, and -morphous.] +||(Paleon.) Same as Mosasauria. + +||Py*u"ri*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?; pus + &?; urine.] (Med.) A morbid +||condition in which pus is discharged in the urine. + +Pyx (?), n. [L. pyxis a box, Gr. pyxi`s a box, especially of boxwood, +fr. py`xos the box tree or boxwood. See Box a receptacle.] [Written +also pix.] 1. (R. C. Ch.) The box, case, vase, or tabernacle, in which +the host is reserved. + +2. A box used in the British mint as a place of deposit for certain +sample coins taken for a trial of the weight and fineness of metal +before it is sent from the mint. Mushet. + +3. (Naut.) The box in which the compass is suspended; the binnacle. +Weale. + +4. (Anat.) Same as Pyxis. + +Pyx cloth (R. C. Ch.), a veil of silk or lace covering the pyx. -- +Trial of the pyx, the annual testing, in the English mint, of the +standard of gold and silver coins. Encyc. Brit. + +Pyx, v. t. To test as to weight and fineness, as the coins deposited in +the pyx. [Eng.] Mushet. + +Pyx"i*date (?), a. Having a pyxidium. + +||Pyx*id"i*um (?), n.; pl. Pyxidia (#). [NL., fr. Gr. &?;, dim. a &?; a +||box. See Pyx.] (Bot.) (a) A pod which divides circularly into an +||upper and lower half, of which the former acts as a kind of lid, as +||in the pimpernel and purslane. (b) The theca of mosses. + +Pyx"ie (pks"), n. (Bot.) Same as Pixy. + +||Pyx*is (?), n. [L.] 1. A box; a pyx. + +2. (Bot.) A pyxidium. + +3. (Anat.) The acetabulum. See Acetabulum, 2. + +<! p. 1171 !> + +Q. + +Q (k), the seventeenth letter of the English alphabet, has but one +sound (that of k), and is always followed by u, the two letters +together being sounded like kw, except in some words in which the u is +silent. See Guide to Pronunciation, ß 249. Q is not found in +Anglo-Saxon, cw being used instead of qu; as in cwic, quick; cwen, +queen. The name (k) is from the French ku, which is from the Latin name +of the same letter; its form is from the Latin, which derived it, +through a Greek alphabet, from the Phúnician, the ultimate origin being +Egyptian. + +Etymologically, q or qu is most nearly related to a (ch, tch), p, q, +and wh; as in cud, quid, L. equus, ecus, horse, Gr. &?;, whence E. +equine, hippic; L. quod which, E. what; L. aquila, E. eaqle; E. +kitchen, OE. kichene, AS. cycene, L. coquina. + +Qua (?), conj. [L., abl. of qui who.] In so far as; in the capacity or +character of; as. + + It is with Shelley's biographers qua biographers that we have to + deal. + + +London Spectator. + +Quab (?), n. [Cf. D. kwab eelpout, Dan. quabbe, G. quabbe, quappe, LG. +quabbe a fat lump of flesh, and L. capito a kind of fish with a large +head, fr. caput the head, also E. squab.] An unfledged bird; hence, +something immature or unfinished. Ford. + +Quab, v. i. See Quob, v. i. + +Qua"-bird` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) The American night heron. See under Night. + +Qua"cha (?), n. (Zoˆl.) The quagga. + +Quack (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Qvacked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Quacking.] +[Of imitative origin; cf. D. kwaken, G. quacken, quaken, Icel. kvaka to +twitter.] + +1. To utter a sound like the cry of a duck. + +2. To make vain and loud pretensions; to boast. " To quack of universal +cures." Hudibras. + +3. To act the part of a quack, or pretender. + +Quack, n. 1. The cry of the duck, or a sound in imitation of it; a +hoarse, quacking noise. Chaucer. + +2. [Cf. Quacksalver.] A boastful pretender to medical skill; an +empiric; an ignorant practitioner. + +3. Hence, one who boastfully pretends to skill or knowledge of any kind +not possessed; a charlatan. + + Quacks political; quacks scientific, academical. + + +Carlyle. + +Quack, a. Pertaining to or characterized by, boasting and pretension; +used by quacks; pretending to cure diseases; as, a quack medicine; a +quack doctor. + +Quack"er*y (?), n.; pl. Quackeries (&?;). The acts, arts, or boastful +pretensions of a quack; false pretensions to any art; empiricism. +Carlyle. + +Quack" grass` (?). (Bot.) See Quitch grass. + +Quack"ish, a. Like a quack; boasting; characterized by quackery. Burke. + +Quack"ism (?), n. Quackery. Carlyle. + +Quac"kle (?), v. i. & t. [imp. & p. p. Quackled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Quackling (?).] [Cf.Querken.] To suffocate; to choke. [Prov. Eng.] + +Quack"sal*ver (?), n. [D. kwakzalver; cf. kwakzalven to quack or boast +of one's salves. See Quack, Salve, n.] One who boasts of his skill in +medicines and salves, or of the efficacy of his prescriptions; a +charlatan; a quack; a mountebank. [Obs.] Burton. + +{ Quad (?), Quade (?) }, a. [Akin to AS. cwd, cwead, dung, evil, G. +kot, dung, OHG. qut.] Evil; bad; baffling; as, a quade wind. [Obs.] + + Sooth play, quad play, as the Fleming saith. + + +Chaucer. + +Quad, n. (Print.) A quadrat. + +Quad, n. (Arch.) A quadrangle; hence, a prison. [Cant or Slang] + +||Quad"ra (?), n.; pl. QuadrÊ (#). [L., a square, the socle, a +||platband, a fillet.] (Arch.) (a) The plinth, or lowest member, of any +||pedestal, podium, water table, or the like. (b) A fillet, or listel. + +Quad"ra*ble (?), a.[See Quadrate.] (Math.) That may be sqyared, or +reduced to an equivalent square; -- said of a surface when the area +limited by a curve can be exactly found, and expressed in a finite +number of algebraic terms. + +Quad`ra*ge*na"ri*ous (?), a. [L. quadragenarius, fr. qyadrageni forty +each.] Consisting of forty; forty years old. + +Quad"ra*gene (?), n. [LL. quadragena, fr. L. quadrageni forty each, +akin to quadraginta forty.] (R. C. Ch.) An indulgence of forty days, +corresponding to the forty days of ancient canonical penance. + +||Quad`ra*ges"i*ma (?), n. [L., fr. quadragesimus the fortieth, fr. +||quadraginta forty; akin to quattuor four. See Four.] (Eccl.) The +||forty days of fast preceding Easter; Lent. + +Quadragesima Sunday, the first Sunday in Lent, about forty days before +Easter. + +Quad`ra*ges"i*mal (?), a. [Cf. F. quadragÈsimal.] Belonging to Lent; +used in Lent; Lenten. + +Quad`ra*ges"i*mals (?), n. pl. Offerings formerly made to the mother +church of a diocese on Mid- Lent Sunday. + +Quad"ran`gle (?), n. [F., fr. L. quadrangulum; quattuor four + angulus +an angle. See Four, and Angle a corner.] + +1. (Geom.) A plane figure having four angles, and consequently four +sides; any figure having four angles. + +2. A square or quadrangular space or inclosure, such a space or court +surrounded by buildings, esp. such a court in a college or public +school in England. + +Quad*ran"gu*lar (?), a. [Cf. F. quadrangulaire.] Having four angles, +and consequently four sides; tetragonal. -- Quad*ran"gu*lar*ly, adv. + +||Quad"rans (?), n.; pl. Quadrantes (#). [L.] 1. (Rom. Antiq.) A fourth +||part of the coin called an as. See 3d As, 2. + +2. The fourth of a penny; a farthing. See Cur. + +Quad"rant (?), n. [L. quadrans, -antis, a fourth part, a fourth of a +whole, fr. quattuor four: cf. F. quadrant, cadran. See Four, and cf. +Cadrans.] 1. The fourth part; the quarter. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne. + +2. (Geom.) The quarter of a circle, or of the circumference of a +circle, an arc of 90∞, or one subtending a right angle at the center. + +3. (Anal. (Geom.) One of the four parts into which a plane is divided +by the coˆrdinate axes. The upper right-hand part is the first +quadrant; the upper left-hand part the second; the lower left-hand part +the third; and the lower right-hand part the fourth quadrant. + +4. An instrument for measuring altitudes, variously constructed and +mounted for different specific uses in astronomy, surveying, gunnery, +etc., consisting commonly of a graduated arc of 90∞, with an index or +vernier, and either plain or telescopic sights, and usually having a +plumb line or spirit level for fixing the vertical or horizontal +direction. + +Gunner's quadrant, an instrument consisting of a graduated limb, with a +plumb line or spirit level, and an arm by which it is applied to a +cannon or mortar in adjusting it to the elevation required for +attaining the desired range. -- Gunter's quadrant. See Gunter's +quadrant, in the Vocabulary. -- Hadley's quadrant, a hand instrument +used chiefly at sea to measure the altitude of the sun or other +celestial body in ascertaining the vessel's position. It consists of a +frame in the form of an octant having a graduated scale upon its arc, +and an index arm, or alidade pivoted at its apex. Mirrors, called the +index glass and the horizon glass, are fixed one upon the index arm and +the other upon one side of the frame, respectively. When the instrument +is held upright, the index arm may be swung so that the index glass +will reflect an image of the sun upon the horizon glass, and when the +reflected image of the sun coincides, to the observer's eye, with the +horizon as seen directly through an opening at the side of the horizon +glass, the index shows the sun's altitude upon the scale; -- more +properly, but less commonly, called an octant. -- Quadrant of altitude, +an appendage of the artificial globe, consisting of a slip of brass of +the length of a quadrant of one of the great circles of the globe, and +graduated. It may be fitted to the meridian, and being movable round to +all points of the horizon, serves as a scale in measuring altitudes, +azimuths, etc. + +Quad*ran"tal (?), a. [L. quadrantalis containing the fourth fourth part +of a measure.] (Geom.) Of or pertaining to a quadrant; also, included +in the fourth part of a circle; as, quadrantal space. + +Quadrantal triangle, a spherical triangle having one side equal to a +quadrant or arc of 90∞. -- Quadrantal versor, a versor that expresses +rotation through one right angle. + +Quad*ran"tal, n. [L.] 1. (Rom. Antiq.) A cubical vessel containing a +Roman cubic foot, each side being a Roman square foot; -- used as a +measure. + +2. A cube. [R.] + +Quad"rat (?), n. [F. quadrat, cadrat. See Quadrate.] 1. (Print.) A +block of type metal lower than the letters, -- used in spacing and in +blank lines. [Abbrev. quad.] + +2. An old instrument used for taking altitudes; -- called also +geometrical square, and line of shadows. + +Quad"rate (?), a. [L. quadratus squared, p. p. of quadrare to make +four-cornered, to make square, to square, to fit, suit, from quadrus +square, quattuor four. See Quadrant, and cf. Quadrat, Quarry an arrow, +Square.] 1. Having four equal sides, the opposite sides parallel, and +four right angles; square. + + Figures, some round, some triangle, some quadrate. + + +Foxe. + +2. Produced by multiplying a number by itself; square. " Quadrate and +cubical numbers." Sir T. Browne. + +3. Square; even; balanced; equal; exact. [Archaic] " A quadrate, solid, +wise man." Howell. + +4. Squared; suited; correspondent. [Archaic] " A generical description +quadrate to both." Harvey. + +Quadrate bone (Anat.), a bone between the base of the lower jaw and the +skull in most vertebrates below the mammals. In reptiles and birds it +articulates the lower jaw with the skull; in mammals it is represented +by the malleus or incus. + +Quad"rate (?), n. [L. quadratum. See Quadrate, a.] 1. (Geom.) A plane +surface with four equal sides and four right angles; a square; hence, +figuratively, anything having the outline of a square. + + At which command, the powers militant That stood for heaven, in + mighty quadrate joined. + + +Milton. + +2. (Astrol.) An aspect of the heavenly bodies in which they are distant +from each other 90∞, or the quarter of a circle; quartile. See the Note +under Aspect, 6. + +3. (Anat.) The quadrate bone. + +Quad"rate (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Quadrated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Quadrating.] [See Quadrate, a.] To square; to agree; to suit; to +correspond; -- followed by with. [Archaic] + + The objections of these speculatists of its forms do not quadrate + with their theories. + + +Burke. + +Quad"rate, v. t. To adjust (a gun) on its carriage; also, to train (a +gun) for horizontal firing. + +Quad*rat"ic (?), a. [Cf. F. quadratique.] + +1. Of or pertaining to a square, or to squares; resembling a quadrate, +or square; square. + +2. (Crystallog.) Tetragonal. + +3. (Alg.) Pertaining to terms of the second degree; as, a quadratic +equation, in which the highest power of the unknown quantity is a +square. + +Quad*rat"ics (?), n. (Alg.) That branch of algebra which treats of +quadratic equations. + +Quad*ra`to*ju"gal (?), a. (Anat.) (a) Of or pertaining to the quadrate +and jugal bones. (b) Of or pertaining to the quadratojugal bone. -- n. +The quadratojugal bone. + +Quadratojugal bone (Anat.), a bone at the base of the lower jaw in many +animals. + +Quad*ra"trix (?), n.; pl. -trixes (#), or -trices (#). [NL.] (Geom.) A +curve made use of in the quadrature of other curves; as the quadratrix, +of Dinostratus, or of Tschirnhausen. + +Quad"ra*ture (?), n. [L. quadratura: cf. F. quadrature. See Quadrate, +a.] 1. (Math.) The act of squaring; the finding of a square having the +same area as some given curvilinear figure; as, the quadrature of a +circle; the operation of finding an expression for the area of a figure +bounded wholly or in part by a curved line, as by a curve, two +ordinates, and the axis of abscissas. + +2. A quadrate; a square. Milton. + +3. (Integral Calculus) The integral used in obtaining the area bounded +by a curve; hence, the definite integral of the product of any function +of one variable into the differential of that variable. + +4. (Astron.) The position of one heavenly body in respect to another +when distant from it 90∞, or a quarter of a circle, as the moon when at +an equal distance from the points of conjunction and opposition. + +Quadrature of the moon (Astron.), the position of the moon when one +half of the disk is illuminated. -- Quadrature of an orbit (Astron.), a +point in an orbit which is at either extremity of the latus rectum +drawn through the empty focus of the orbit. + +Quad"rel (?), n. [It. quadrello, LL. quadrellus, fr. L. quadrus square. +See Quadrate, and cf. Quarrel an arrow.] 1. A square piece of turf or +peat. [Prov. Eng.] + +2. A square brick, tile, or the like. + +Quad*ren"ni*al (?), a. [L. quadriennium a space of four years; quattuor +four + annus year; cf. L. quadriennis. See Quadrate, and Annual.] 1. +Comprising four years; as, a quadrennial period. + +2. Occurring once in four years, or at the end of every four years; as, +quadrennial games. + +Quad*ren"ni*al*ly, adv. Once in four years. + +||Quad*ren"ni*um (?), n. [NL. See Quadrennial.] A space or period of +||four years. + +Quad"ri- (?). [L., from quattuor four. See Four.] A combining form +meaning four, four times, fourfold; as, quadricapsular, having four +capsules. + +Quad`ri*ba"sic (?), a. [Quadri- + basic.] (Chem.) Same as Tetrabasic. + +Quad"ri*ble (?), a. Quadrable. [R.] + +Quad"ric (?), a. (Math.) Of or pertaining to the second degree. + +Quad"ric, n. (a) (Alg.) A quantic of the second degree. See Quantic. +(b) (Geom.) A surface whose equation in three variables is of the +second degree. Spheres, spheroids, ellipsoids, paraboloids, +hyperboloids, also cones and cylinders with circular bases, are +quadrics. + +Quad`ri*cap"su*lar (?), a. [Quadri- + capsular.] (Bot.) Having four +capsules. + +||Quad"ri*ceps (?), n. [NL., fr. L. qyattuor four + caput head.] +||(Anat.) The great extensor muscle of the knee, divided above into +||four parts which unite in a single tendon at the knee. + +Quad`ri*cip"i*tal (?), n. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the quadriceps. + +Quad"ri*corn (?), n. [See Quadricornous.] (Zoˆl.) Any quadricornous +animal. + +Quad`ri*cor"nous (?), a. [Quadri- + L. cornu horn: cf. F. quadricorne.] +(Zoˆl.) Having four horns, or hornlike organs; as, a quadricornous +beetle. + +Quad`ri*cos"tate (?), a. [Quadri- + costate.] Having four ribs. + +<! p. 1172 !> + +Quad`ri*den"tate (?), a. [Quadri- + dentate.] Having four teeth; as, a +quadridentate leaf. + +Quad`ri*en"ni*al (?), a. Same as Quadrennial. + +Quad`ri*fa"ri*ous (?), a. [L. quadrifarius fourfold, fr. quattuor four: +cf. F. quadrifariÈ. Cf. Multifarious.] Arranged in four rows or ranks; +as, quadrifarious leaves. Loudon. + +Quad"ri*fid (?), a. [L. quadrifidus; quattuor four + findere to cleave: +cf. F. quadrifide.] Divided, or deeply cleft, into four parts; as, a +quadrifid perianth; a quadrifid leaf. + +{ Quad"ri*foil (?), Quad`ri*fo"li*ate (?), } a. [Quadri- + L. folium +leaf.] (Bot.) Four-leaved; having the leaves in whorls of four. + +Quad`ri*fur"ca*ted (?), a. [Quadri- + furcated.] Having four forks, or +branches. + +||Quad*ri"ga (?), n.; pl. QuadrigÊ (#). [L. See Quadrijugous.] (Rom. +||Antiq.) A car or chariot drawn by four horses abreast. + +{ Quad`ri*gem"i*nal (?), Quad`ri*gem"i*nous (?), } a. [Quadri- + L. +gemini twins.] Fourfold; having four similar parts, or two pairs of +similar parts. + +Quadrigeminal bodies (Anat.), two pairs of lobes, or elevations, on the +dorsal side of the midbrain of most mammals; the optic lobes. The +anterior pair are called the nates, and the posterior the testes. + +Quad`ri*ge*na"ri*ous (?), a. [L. quadrigeni, quadringeni, four hundred +each.] Consisting of four hundred. + +Quad*rij"u*gate (?), a. Same as Quadrijugous. + +Quad*rij"u*gous (?), a. [L. quadrijugus of a team of four; quattuor +four + jugum yoke.] (Bot.) Pinnate, with four pairs of leaflets; as, a +quadrijugous leaf. + +Quad`ri*lat"er*al (?), a. [L. quadrilaterus: cf. F. quadrilatËre, +quadrilatÈral. See Quadri- and Lateral.] Having four sides, and +consequently four angles; quadrangular. + +Quad`ri*lat"er*al, n. 1. (Geom.) A plane figure having four sides, and +consequently four angles; a quadrangular figure; any figure formed by +four lines. + +2. An area defended by four fortresses supporting each other; as, the +Venetian quadrilateral, comprising Mantua, Peschiera, Verona, and +Legnano. + +Complete quadrilateral (Geom.), the figure made up of the six straight +lines that can be drawn through four points, A, B, C, I, the lines +being supposed to be produced indefinitely. + +Quad`ri*lat"er*al*ness, n. The property of being quadrilateral. + +Quad`ri*lit"er*al (?), a. [Quadri- + literal.] Consisting of four +letters. + +Qua*drille" (?), n. [F. quadrille, n. fem., fr. Sp. cuadrilla meeting +of four or more persons or It. quadriglia a band of soldiers, a sort of +dance; dim. fr. L. quadra a square, fr. quattuor four. See Quadrate.] +1. A dance having five figures, in common time, four couples of dancers +being in each set. + +2. The appropriate music for a quadrille. + +Qua*drille", n. [F. quadrille, n. masc., cf. It. quadriglio; or perhaps +from the Spanish. See Quadrille a dance.] A game played by four persons +with forty cards, being the remainder of an ordinary pack after the +tens, nines, and eights are discarded. Hoyle. + +Quad*ril"lion (?), n. [F., fr. L. quater four times, akin to quattuor +four, E. four; -- formed like million. See Four, Million.] According to +the French notation, which is followed also upon the Continent and in +the United States, a unit with fifteen ciphers annexed; according to +the English notation, the number produced by involving a million to the +fourth power, or the number represented by a unit with twenty-four +ciphers annexed. See the Note under Numeration. + +{ Quad`ri*lo"bate (?), Quad`ri*lobed (?), } a. [Quadri- + lobe: cf. F. +quadrilobÈ.] Having four lobes; as, a quadrilobate leaf. + +Quad`ri*loc"u*lar (?), a. [Quadri- + locular: cf. F. quadriloculaire.] +Having four cells, or cavities; as, a quadrilocular heart. + +Quad"rin (?), n. [OF., fr. L. quadrini four each, fr. quattuor four.] A +small piece of money, in value about a farthing, or a half cent. [Obs.] + +Quad`ri*nod"al (?), a. [Quadri- + nodal.] (Math.) Possessing four +nodes; as, quadrinodal curves. + +Quad`ri*no"mi*al (?), n. [Quadri- + nomial, as in binomial: cf. F. +quadrinÙme.] (Alg.) A polynomial of four terms connected by the signs +plus or minus. + +Quad`ri*nom"ic*al (?), a. Quadrinomial. + +Quad`ri*nom"i*nal (?), a. [Quadri- + nominal.] (Alg.) Quadrinomial. +Sir W. R. Hamilton. + +Quad*rip"ar*tite (?), a. [L. quadripartitus, p. p. of quadripartire to +divide into four parts; quattuor four + partire to divide: cf. F. +quadripartite.] Divided into four parts. + +Quad*rip"ar*tite*ly, adv. In four parts. + +Quad`ri*par*ti"tion (?), n. [L. quadripartitio: cf. F. +quadripartition.] A division or distribution by four, or into four +parts; also, a taking the fourth part of any quantity or number. + +Quad`ri*pen"nate (?), a. [Quadri- + pennate.] (Zoˆl.) Having four +wings; -- said of insects. + +Quad*riph"yl*lous (?), a. [Quadri + Gr. &?; leaf.] (Bot.) Having four +leaves; quadrifoliate. + +Quad"ri*reme (?), n. [L. quadriremis; quattuor four + remus an oar: cf. +F. quadrirËme.] (Antiq.) A galley with four banks of oars or rowers. + +Quad`ri*sec"tion (?), n. [Quadri- + section.] A subdivision into four +parts. + +Quad`ri*sul"cate (?), a. [Quadri + sulcate.] (Zoˆl.) Having four hoofs; +as, a quadrisulcate foot; a quadrisulcate animal. + +{ Quad`ri*syl*lab"ic (?), Quad`ri-syl*lab"ic*al (?), }Having four +syllables; of or pertaining to quadrisyllables; as, a quadrisyllabic +word. + +Quad`ri*syl"la*ble (?), n. [Quadri- + syllable: cf. F. quadrisyllabe.] +A word consisting of four syllables. De Quincey. + +Quad*riv"a*lence (?), n. (Chem.) The quality or state of being +quadrivalent; tetravalence. + +Quad*riv"a*lent (?), a. [Quadri- + L. valens, -entis, p. pr. See +Valence.] (Chem.) Having a valence of four; capable of combining with, +being replaced by, or compared with, four monad atoms; tetravalent; -- +said of certain atoms and radicals; thus, carbon and silicon are +quadrivalent elements. + +Quad"ri*valve (?), a. [Quadri- + valve: cf. F. quadrivalve.] (Bot.) +Dehiscent into four similar parts; four-valved; as, a quadrivalve +pericarp. + +Quad"ri*valve, n. (Arch.) A door, shutter, or the like, having four +folds. + +Quad`ri*val"vu*lar (?), a. Having four valves; quadrivalve. + +Quad*riv"i*al (?), a. [L. quadrivium a place where four ways meet; +quattuor four + via way.] Having four ways meeting in a point. B. +Jonson. + +Quad*riv"i*al, n. One of the four "liberal arts" making up the +quadrivium. + +||Quad*riv"i*um (?), n. [L.] The four "liberal arts," arithmetic, +||music, geometry, and astronomy; -- so called by the schoolmen. See +||Trivium. + +Quad*roon" (?), n. [F. quarteron, or Sp. cuarteron. See Quarter a +fourth part, and cf. Quarteron.] The offspring of a mulatto and a white +person; a person quarter-blooded. [Written also quarteron, quarteroon, +and quateron.] + +Quad*rox"ide (?), n. [Quadri- + oxide.] (Chem.) A tetroxide. [R.] + +||Quad*ru"ma*na (?), n. pl. [NL. See Quadrumane.] (Zoˆl.) A division of +||the Primates comprising the apes and monkeys; -- so called because +||the hind foot is usually prehensile, and the great toe opposable +||somewhat like a thumb. Formerly the Quadrumana were considered an +||order distinct from the Bimana, which last included man alone. + +Quad"ru*mane (?), n. [L. quattuor four + manus a hand: cf. F. +quadrumane.] (Zoˆl.) One of the Quadrumana. + +Quad*ru"ma*nous (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Having four hands; of or pertaining to +the Quadrumana. + +Quad"ru*ped (?), a. [L. quadrupes, -pedis; quattuor four + pes, pedis, +a foot: cf. F. quadrupËde. See Quadrate, and Foot.] Having four feet. + +Quad"ru*ped, n. (Zoˆl.) An animal having four feet, as most mammals and +reptiles; -- often restricted to the mammals. + +Quad*ru"pe*dal (?), a. (Zoˆl.) Having four feet; of or pertaining to a +quadruped. + +Quad"ru*ple (?), a. [L. quadruplus, from quattuor four: cf. F. +quadruple. See Quadrate, and cf. Double.] Fourfold; as, to make +quadruple restitution; a quadruple alliance. + +Quadruple time (Mus.), that in which each measure is divided into four +equal parts. + +Quad"ru*ple, n. [Cf. F. quadruple, L. quadruplum.] four times the sum +or number; a fourfold amount; as, to receive to quadruple of the amount +in damages. + +Quad"ru*ple, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Quadrupled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Quadrupling (?).] [L. quadruplare: cf. F. quadrupler.] To multiply by +four; to increase fourfold; to double; to double twice. A. Smith. + +Quad"ru*ple, v. i. To be multiplied by four; to increase fourfold; to +become four times as much. + +Quad"ru*plex (?), a. [L., from quattuor four + plicare to fold.] +Fourfold; folded or doubled twice. + +Quadruplex system (Electric Telegraph), a system by which four +messages, two in each direction, may be sent simultaneously over the +wire. + +Quad*ru"pli*cate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Quadruplicated (?); p. pr. & +vb. n. Quadruplicating.] [L. quadruplicatus, p. p. of quadruplicare, +fr. quadruple&?; fourfold. See Quadruplex.] To make fourfold; to double +twice; to quadruple. + +Quad*ru"pli*cate (?), a. [L. quadruplicatus, p. p.] + +1. Fourfold; doubled twice; four times repeated; as, a quadruplicate +ratio, or a quadruplicate proportion. + +2. (Math.) Raised to the fourth power. [R.] + +Quad`ru*pli*ca"tion (?), n. [L. quadruplicatio: cf. F. +quadruplication.] The act of making fourfold; a taking four times the +simple sum or amount. + +Quad"ru*ply (?), adv. To a fourfold quantity; so as to be, or cause to +be, quadruple; as, to be quadruply recompensed. + +||QuÊ"re (?), v. imperative. [L., imperative of quaerere to seek.] +||Inquire; question; see; - - used to signify doubt or to suggest +||investigation. + +||QuÊs"tor (?), n. [L.] Same as Questor. + +Quaff (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Quaffed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Quaffing.] +[For quach, fr. Gael. & Ir. cuach a drinking cup; cf. L. caucus a +drinking vessel. Cf. Quaigh.] To drink with relish; to drink copiously +of; to swallow in large draughts. "Quaffed off the muscadel." Shak. + + They eat, they drink, and in communion sweet Quaff immortality and + joy. + + +Milton. + +Quaff (?), v. i. To drink largely or luxuriously. + + Twelve days the gods their solemn revels keep, And quaff with + blameless Ethiops in the deep. + + +Dryden. + +Quaff"er (?), n. One who quaffs, or drinks largely. + +Quag (?), n. A quagmire. [R.] "Crooked or straight, through quags or +thorny dells." Cowper. + +Quag"ga (?), n. [Hottentot.] (Zoˆl.) A South African wild ass (Equus, +or Hippotigris, quagga). The upper parts are reddish brown, becoming +paler behind and behind and beneath, with dark stripes on the face, +neck, and fore part of the body. + +Quag"gy (?), a.[See Quag, Quagmire.] Of the nature of a quagmire; +yielding or trembling under the foot, as soft, wet earth; spongy; +boggy. "O'er the watery strath, or quaggy moss." Collins. + +Quag"mire` (?), n. [Quake + mire.] Soft, wet, miry land, which shakes +or yields under the feet. "A spot surrounded by quagmires, which +rendered it difficult of access." Palfrey. + +Syn. -- Morass; marsh; bog; swamp; fen; slough. + +{ Qua"hog, Qua"haug } (?), n. [Abbrev. fr. Narragansett Indian +poqua˚hock.] (Zoˆl.) An American market clam (Venus mercenaria). It is +sold in large quantities, and is highly valued as food. Called also +round clam, and hard clam. + +The name is also applied to other allied species, as Venus Mortoni of +the Gulf of Mexico. + +{ Quaigh, Quaich } (?), n. [Gael. cuach. Cf. Quaff.] A small shallow +cup or drinking vessel. [Scot.] [Written also quegh.] + +Quail (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Qualled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Qualling.] +[AS. cwelan to die, perish; akin to cwalu violent death, D. kwaal pain, +G. qual torment, OHG. quelan to suffer torment, Lith. gelti to hurt, +gela pain. Cf. Quell.] 1. To die; to perish; hence, to wither; to fade. +[Obs.] Spenser. + +2. To become quelled; to become cast down; to sink under trial or +apprehension of danger; to lose the spirit and power of resistance; to +lose heart; to give way; to shrink; to cower. + + The atheist power shall quail, and confess his fears. I. Taylor. + Stouter hearts than a woman's have quailed in this terrible winter. + + +Longfellow. + +Syn. -- to cower; flinch; shrink; quake; tremble; blench; succumb; +yield. + +Quail, v. t. [Cf. Quell.] To cause to fail in spirit or power; to +quell; to crush; to subdue. [Obs.] Spenser. + +Quail, v. i. [OF. coaillier, F. cailler, from L. coagulare. See +Coagulate.] To curdle; to coagulate, as milk. [Obs.] Holland. + +Quail, n. [OF. quaille, F. caille, LL. quaquila, qualia, qualea, of +Dutch or German origin; cf. D. kwakkel, kwartel, OHG. wahtala, G. +wachtel.] + +1. (Zoˆl.) Any gallinaceous bird belonging to Coturnix and several +allied genera of the Old World, especially the common European quail +(C. communis), the rain quail (C. Coromandelica) of India, the stubble +quail (C. pectoralis), and the Australian swamp quail (Synoicus +australis). + +2. (Zoˆl.) Any one of several American partridges belonging to Colinus, +Callipepla, and allied genera, especially the bobwhite (called Virginia +quail, and Maryland quail), and the California quail (Calipepla +Californica). + +3. (Zoˆl.) Any one of numerous species of Turnix and allied genera, +native of the Old World, as the Australian painted quail (Turnix +varius). See Turnix. + +4. A prostitute; -- so called because the quail was thought to be a +very amorous bird.[Obs.] Shak. + +Bustard quail (Zoˆl.), a small Asiatic quail-like bird of the genus +Turnix, as T. taigoor, a black-breasted species, and the hill bustard +quail (T. ocellatus). See Turnix. -- Button quail (Zoˆl.), one of +several small Asiatic species of Turnix, as T. Sykesii, which is said +to be the smallest game bird of India. -- Mountain quail. See under +Mountain. -- Quail call, a call or pipe for alluring quails into a net +or within range. -- Quail dove (Zoˆl.), any one of several American +ground pigeons belonging to Geotrygon and allied genera. -- Quail hawk +(Zoˆl.), the New Zealand sparrow hawk (Hieracidea NovÊ-HollandiÊ). -- +Quail pipe. See Quail call, above. -- Quail snipe (Zoˆl.), the +dowitcher, or red-breasted snipe; -- called also robin snipe, and brown +snipe. -- Sea quail (Zoˆl.), the turnstone. [Local, U. S.] + +<! p. 1173 !> + +Quail"y (?), n. [Cf. Quail the bird.] (Zoˆl.) The upland plover. +[Canadian] + +Quaint (?), a. [OE. queint, queynte, coint, prudent, wise, cunning, +pretty, odd, OF. cointe cultivated, amiable, agreeable, neat, fr. L. +cognitus known, p. p. of cognoscere to know; con + noscere (for +gnoscere) to know. See Know, and cf. Acquaint, Cognition.] 1. Prudent; +wise; hence, crafty; artful; wily. [Obs.] + + Clerks be full subtle and full quaint. + + +Chaucer. + +2. Characterized by ingenuity or art; finely fashioned; skillfully +wrought; elegant; graceful; nice; neat. [Archaic] " The queynte ring." +" His queynte spear." Chaucer. " A shepherd young quaint." Chapman. + + Every look was coy and wondrous quaint. + + +Spenser. + + To show bow quaint an orator you are. + + +Shak. + +3. Curious and fanciful; affected; odd; whimsical; antique; archaic; +singular; unusual; as, quaint architecture; a quaint expression. + + Some stroke of quaint yet simple pleasantry. + + +Macaulay. + + An old, long-faced, long-bodied servant in quaint livery. + + +W. Irving. + +Syn. -- Quaint, Odd, Antique. Antique is applied to that which has come +down from the ancients, or which is made to imitate some ancient work +of art. Odd implies disharmony, incongruity, or unevenness. An odd +thing or person is an exception to general rules of calculation and +procedure, or expectation and common experience. In the current use of +quaint, the two ideas of odd and antique are combined, and the word is +commonly applied to that which is pleasing by reason of both these +qualities. Thus, we speak of the quaint architecture of many old +buildings in London; or a quaint expression, uniting at once the +antique and the fanciful. + +Quain"tise (?), n. [OF. cointise.] 1. Craft; subtlety; cunning. [Obs.] +Chaucer. R. of Glouces. + +2. Elegance; beauty. [Obs.] Chaucer. + +Quaint"ly (?), adv. In a quaint manner. Shak. + +Quaint"ness, n. The quality of being quaint. Pope. + +Quair (?), n. [See 3d Quire.] A quire; a book. [Obs.] "The king's +quhair." James I. (of Scotland). + +Quake (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Quaked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Quaking.] +[AS. cwacian; cf. G. quackeln. Cf. Quagmire.] 1. To be agitated with +quick, short motions continually repeated; to shake with fear, cold, +etc.; to shudder; to tremble. "Quaking for dread." Chaucer. + + She stood quaking like the partridge on which the hawk is ready to + seize. + + +Sir P. Sidney. + +2. To shake, vibrate, or quiver, either from not being solid, as soft, +wet land, or from violent convulsion of any kind; as, the earth quakes; +the mountains quake. " Over quaking bogs." Macaulay. + +Quake, v. t. [Cf. AS. cweccan to move, shake. See Quake, v. t.] To +cause to quake. [Obs.] Shak. + +Quake, n. A tremulous agitation; a quick vibratory movement; a shudder; +a quivering. + +Quak"er (?), n. 1. One who quakes. + +2. One of a religious sect founded by George Fox, of Leicestershire, +England, about 1650, -- the members of which call themselves Friends. +They were called Quakers, originally, in derision. See Friend, n., 4. + + Fox's teaching was primarily a preaching of repentance . . . The + trembling among the listening crowd caused or confirmed the name of + Quakers given to the body; men and women sometimes fell down and + lay struggling as if for life. + + +Encyc. Brit. + +3. (Zoˆl.) (a) The nankeen bird. (b) The sooty albatross. (c) Any +grasshopper or locust of the genus (Edipoda; -- so called from the +quaking noise made during flight. + +Quaker buttons. (Bot.) See Nux vomica. -- Quaker gun, a dummy cannon +made of wood or other material; -- so called because the sect of +Friends, or Quakers, hold to the doctrine, of nonresistance. -- Quaker +ladies (Bot.), a low American biennial plant (Houstonia cÊrulea), with +pretty four- lobed corollas which are pale blue with a yellowish +center; -- also called bluets, and little innocents. + +Quak"er*ess, n. A woman who is a member of the Society of Friends. + +Quak"er*ish, a. Like or pertaining to a Quaker; Quakerlike. + +Quak"er*ism (?), n. The peculiar character, manners, tenets, etc., of +the Quakers. + +Quak"er*like (?), a. Like a Quaker. + +Quak"er*ly, a. Resembling Quakers; Quakerlike; Quakerish. Macaulay. + +Quak"er*y (?), n. Quakerism. [Obs.] Hallywell. + +Quake"tail` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) A wagtail. + +Quak"i*ness (?), n. The state of being quaky; liability to quake. + +Quak"ing, a. & n. from Quake, v. + +Quaking aspen (Bot.), an American species of poplar (Populus +tremuloides), the leaves of which tremble in the lightest breeze. It +much resembles the European aspen. See Aspen. -- Quaking bog, a bog of +forming peat so saturated with water that it shakes when trodden upon. +-- Quaking grass. (Bot.) (a) One of several grasses of the genus Briza, +having slender-stalked and pendulous ovate spikelets, which quake and +rattle in the wind. Briza maxima is the large quaking grass; B. media +and B. minor are the smaller kinds. (b) Rattlesnake grass (Glyceria +Canadensis). + +Quak"ing*ly (?), adv. In a quaking manner; fearfully. Sir P. Sidney. + +Quak"y (?), a. Shaky, or tremulous; quaking. + +Qual"i*fi`a*ble (?), a. Capable of being qualified; abatable; +modifiable. Barrow. + +Qual`i*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. qualification. See Qualify.] 1. The +act of qualifying, or the condition of being qualified. + +2. That which qualifies; any natural endowment, or any acquirement, +which fits a person for a place, office, or employment, or which +enables him to sustian any character with success; an enabling quality +or circumstance; requisite capacity or possession. + + There is no qualification for government but virtue and wisdom, + actual or presumptive. + + +Burke. + +3. The act of limiting, or the state of being limited; that which +qualifies by limiting; modification; restriction; hence, abatement; +diminution; as, to use words without any qualification. + +Qual"i*fi*ca*tive (?), n. That which qualifies, modifies, or restricts; +a qualifying term or statement. + + How many qualificatives, correctives, and restrictives he inserteth + in this relation. + + +Fuller. + +Qual"i*fi*ca`tor (?), n. [LL.] (R. C. Ch.) An officer whose business it +is to examine and prepare causes for trial in the ecclesiastical +courts. + +Qual"i*fied (?), a. 1. Fitted by accomplishments or endowments. + +2. Modified; limited; as, a qualified statement. + +Qualified fee (Law), a base fee, or an estate which has a qualification +annexed to it, the fee ceasing with the qualification, as a grant to A +and his heirs, tenants of the manor of Dale. -- Qualified indorsement +(Law), an indorsement which modifies the liability of the indorser that +would result from the general principles of law, but does not affect +the negotiability of the instrument. Story. -- Qualified negative +(Legislation), a limited veto power, by which the chief executive in a +constitutional government may refuse assent to bills passed by the +legislative body, which bills therefore fail to become laws unless upon +a reconsideration the legislature again passes them by a certain +majority specified in the constitution, when they become laws without +the approval of the executive. -- Qualified property (Law), that which +depends on temporary possession, as that in wild animals reclaimed, or +as in the case of a bailment. + +Syn. -- Competent; fit; adapted. -- Qualified, Competent. Competent is +most commonly used with respect to native endowments and general +ability suited to the performance of a task or duty; qualified with +respect to specific acquirements and training. + +Qual"i*fied`ly, adv. In the way of qualification; with modification or +qualification. + +Qual"i*fied`ness, n. The state of being qualified. + +Qual"i*fi`er (?), n. One who, or that which, qualifies; that which +modifies, reduces, tempers or restrains. + +Qual"i*fy (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Qualified (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Qualifying (?).] [F. qualifier, LL. qualificare, fr. L. qualis how +constituted, as + -ficare (in comp.) to make. See Quality, and -Fy.] 1. +To make such as is required; to give added or requisite qualities to; +to fit, as for a place, office, occupation, or character; to furnish +with the knowledge, skill, or other accomplishment necessary for a +purpose; to make capable, as of an employment or privilege; to supply +with legal power or capacity. + + He had qualified himself for municipal office by taking the oaths + to the sovereigns in possession. + + +Macaulay. + +2. To give individual quality to; to modulate; to vary; to regulate. + + It hath no larynx . . . to qualify the sound. + + +Sir T. Browne. + +3. To reduce from a general, undefined, or comprehensive form, to +particular or restricted form; to modify; to limit; to restrict; to +restrain; as, to qualify a statement, claim, or proposition. + +4. Hence, to soften; to abate; to diminish; to assuage; to reduce the +strength of, as liquors. + + I do not seek to quench your love's hot fire, But qualify the + fire's extreme rage. + + +Shak. + +5. To soothe; to cure; -- said of persons. [Obs.] + + In short space he has them qualified. + + +Spenser. + +Syn. -- To fit; equip; prepare; adapt; capacitate; enable; modify; +soften; restrict; restrain; temper. + +Qual"i*fy, v. i. 1. To be or become qualified; to be fit, as for an +office or employment. + +2. To obtain legal power or capacity by taking the oath, or complying +with the forms required, on assuming an office. + +Qual"i*ta*tive (?), a. [Cf. LL. gualitativus, F. qualitatif.] Relating +to quality; having the character of quality. -- Qual"i*ta*tive*ly, adv. + +Qualitative analysis (Chem.), analysis which merely determines the +constituents of a substance without any regard to the quantity of each +ingredient; -- contrasted with quantitative analysis. + +Qual"i*tied (?), a. Furnished with qualities; endowed. [Obs.] "He was +well qualitied." Chapman. + +Qual"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Qualities (#). [F. qualitÈ, L. qualitas, fr. +qualis how constituted, as; akin to E. which. See Which.] 1. The +condition of being of such and such a sort as distinguished from +others; nature or character relatively considered, as of goods; +character; sort; rank. + + We lived most joyful, obtaining acquaintance with many of the city + not of the meanest quality. + + +Bacon + +2. Special or temporary character; profession; occupation; assumed or +asserted rank, part, or position. + + I made that inquiry in quality of an antiquary. + + +Gray. + +3. That which makes, or helps to make, anything such as it is; anything +belonging to a subject, or predicable of it; distinguishing property, +characteristic, or attribute; peculiar power, capacity, or virtue; +distinctive trait; as, the tones of a flute differ from those of a +violin in quality; the great quality of a statesman. + +Qualities, in metaphysics, are primary or secondary. Primary are those +essential to the existence, and even the conception, of the thing, as +of matter or spirit Secondary are those not essential to such a +conception. + +4. An acquired trait; accomplishment; acquisition. + + He had those qualities of horsemanship, dancing, and fencing which + accompany a good breeding. + + +Clarendon. + +5. Superior birth or station; high rank; elevated character. "Persons +of quality." Bacon. + +Quality binding, a kind of worsted tape used in Scotland for binding +carpets, and the like. -- The quality, those of high rank or station, +as distinguished from the masses, or common people; the nobility; the +gentry. + + I shall appear at the masquerade dressed up in my feathers, that + the quality may see how pretty they will look in their traveling + habits. + + +Addison. + +Syn. -- Property; attribute; nature; peculiarity; character; sort; +rank; disposition; temper. + +Qualm (?), n. [AS. cwealm death, slaughter, pestilence, akin to OS. & +OHG. qualm. See Quail to cower.] 1. Sickness; disease; pestilence; +death. [Obs.] + + thousand slain and not of qualm ystorve [dead]. + + +Chaucer. + +2. A sudden attack of illness, faintness, or pain; an agony. " Qualms +of heartsick agony." Milton. + +3. Especially, a sudden sensation of nausea. + + For who, without a qualm, hath ever looked On holy garbage, though + by Homer cooked? + + +Roscommon. + +4. A prick or scruple of conscience; uneasiness of conscience; +compunction. Dryden. + +Qualm"ish, a. Sick at the stomach; affected with nausea or sickly +languor; inclined to vomit. Shak. + +-- Qualm"ish*ly, adv. -- Qualm"ish*ness, n. + +Quam"ash (?), n. (Bot.) See Camass. + +Quam"o*clit (?), n. [Gr. &?; a bean + &?; to bend, to slope.] (Bot.) +Formerly, a genus of plants including the cypress vine (Quamoclit +vulgaris, now called Ipomúa Quamoclit). The genus is now merged in +Ipomúa. + +Quan"da*ry (?), n.; pl. Quandaries (#). [Prob. fr. OE. wandreth +adversity, perplexity, Icel. wandrÊi difficulty, trouble, fr. vandr +difficult.] A state of difficulty or perplexity; doubt; uncertainty. + +Quan"da*ry, v. t. To bring into a state of uncertainty, perplexity, or +difficulty. [Obs.] Otway. + +Quan"dong (?), n. (Bot.) The edible drupaceous fruit of an Australian +tree (Fusanus acuminatus) of the Sandalwood family; -- called also +quandang. + +Quan"dy (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] (Zoˆl.) The old squaw. [Local, U. +S.] + +Quan"net (?), n. A flat file having the handle at one side, so as to be +used like a plane. + +Quant (?), n. A punting pole with a broad flange near the end to +prevent it from sinking into the mud; a setting pole. + +Quan"tic (?), n. [L. quantus how much. See Quantity.] (Math.) A +homogeneous algebraic function of two or more variables, in general +containing only positive integral powers of the variables, and called +quadric, cubic, quartic, etc., according as it is of the second, third, +fourth, fifth, or a higher degree. These are further called binary, +ternary, quaternary, etc., according as they contain two, three, four, +or more variables; thus, the quantic &?; is a binary cubic. + +Quan`ti*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [See Quantity.] Modification by a reference +to quantity; the introduction of the element of quantity. + + The quantification of the predicate belongs in part to Sir William + Hamilton; viz., in its extension to negative propositions. + + +De Quincey. + +Quan"ti*fy (?), v. t. [L. quantus now much + -fy.] To modify or qualify +with respect to quantity; to fix or express the quantity of; to rate. + +Quan"ti*ta*tive (?), a. [Cf. F. quantitatif.] Relating to quantity. -- +Quan"ti*ta*tive*ly, adv. + +Quantitative analysis (Chem.), analysis which determines the amount or +quantity of each ingredient of a substance, by weight or by volume; -- +contrasted with qualitative analysis. + +Quan"ti*tive (?), a. [See Quantity.] Estimable according to quantity; +quantitative. Sir K. Digby. + +Quan"ti*tive*ly, adv. So as to be measurable by quantity; +quantitatively. + +Quan"ti*ty (?), n.; pl. Quantities (#). [F. quantite, L. quantitas, fr. +quantus bow great, how much, akin to quam bow, E. how, who. See Who.] + +1. The attribute of being so much, and not more or less; the property +of being measurable, or capable of increase and decrease, +multiplication and division; greatness; and more concretely, that which +answers the question "How much?"; measure in regard to bulk or amount; +determinate or comparative dimensions; measure; amount; bulk; extent; +size. Hence, in specific uses: (a) (Logic) The extent or extension of a +general conception, that is, the number of species or individuals to +which it may be applied; also, its content or comprehension, that is, +the number of its constituent qualities, attributes, or relations. (b) +(Gram.) The measure of a syllable; that which determines the time in +which it is pronounced; as, the long or short quantity of a vowel or +syllable. (c) (Mus.) The relative duration of a tone. + +2. That which can be increased, diminished, or measured; especially +(Math.), anything to which mathematical processes are applicable. + +Quantity is discrete when it is applied to separate objects, as in +number; continuous, when the parts are connected, either in succession, +as in time, motion, etc., or in extension, as by the dimensions of +space, viz., length, breadth, and thickness. + +3. A determinate or estimated amount; a sum or bulk; a certain portion +or part; sometimes, a considerable amount; a large portion, bulk, or +sum; as, a medicine taken in quantities, that is, in large quantities. + + The quantity of extensive and curious information which he had + picked up during many months of desultory, but not unprofitable, + study. + + +Macaulay. + +Quantity of estate (Law), its time of continuance, or degree of +interest, as in fee, for life, or for years. Wharton (Law Dict. ) -- +Quantity of matter, in a body, its mass, as determined by its weight, +or by its momentum under a given velocity. -- Quantity of motion +(Mech.), in a body, the relative amount of its motion, as measured by +its momentum, varying as the product of mass and velocity. -- Known +quantities (Math.), quantities whose values are given. -- Unknown +quantities (Math.), quantities whose values are sought. + +<! p. 1174 !> + +Quan*tiv"a*lence (?), n. [L. quantus how much + E. valence.] (Chem.) +Valence. [Archaic] + +Quan*tiv"a*lent (?), a. (Chem.) Of or pertaining to quantivalence. +[Archaic] + +Quan"tum (?), n.; pl. Quanta (#). [L., neuter of quantus how great, how +much. See Quantity,] 1. Quantity; amount. "Without authenticating . . . +the quantum of the charges." Burke. + +2. (Math.) A definite portion of a manifoldness, limited by a mark or +by a boundary. W. K. Clifford. + +||Quantum meruit (&?;) [L., as much as he merited] (Law), a count in an +||action grounded on a promise that the defendant would pay to the +||plaintiff for his service as much as he should deserve. -- ||Quantum +||sufficit (&?;), or Quantum suff. [L., as much suffices] (Med.), a +||sufficient quantity. -- ||Quantum valebat (&?;) [L., as much at it +||was worth] (Law), a count in an action to recover of the defendant, +||for goods sold, as much as they were worth. Blackstone. + +Quap (?), v. i. To quaver. [Obs.] See Quob. + +Qua`qua*ver"sal (?), a. [L. quaqua wheresoever, whithersoever + versus, +p. p. of vertere to turn.] 1. Turning or dipping in any or every +direction. + +2. (Geol.) Dipping toward all points of the compass round a center, as +beds of lava round a crater. + +Quar (?), n. A quarry. [Prov. Eng.] B. Jonson. + +Quar"an*tine (?), n. [F. quarantaine, OF. quaranteine, fr. F. quarante +forty, L. quadraginta, akin to quattuor four, and E. four: cf. It. +quarantina, quarentine. See Four, and cf. Quadragesima.] 1. A space of +forty days; -- used of Lent. + +2. Specifically, the term, originally of forty days, during which a +ship arriving in port, and suspected of being infected a malignant +contagious disease, is obliged to forbear all intercourse with the +shore; hence, such restraint or inhibition of intercourse; also, the +place where infected or prohibited vessels are stationed. + +Quarantine is now applied also to any forced stoppage of travel or +communication on account of malignant contagious disease, on land as +well as by sea. + +3. (Eng. Law) The period of forty days during which the widow had the +privilege of remaining in the mansion house of which her husband died +seized. + +Quarantine flag, a yellow flag hoisted at the fore of a vessel or hung +from a building, to give warning of an infectious disease; -- called +also the yellow jack, and yellow flag. + +Quar`an*tine" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Quarantined (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Quarantining.] To compel to remain at a distance, or in a given place, +without intercourse, when suspected of having contagious disease; to +put under, or in, quarantine. + +Quarl (?), n. [Cf. G. qualle.] (Zoˆl.) A medusa, or jellyfish. [R.] + + The jellied quarl that flings At once a thousand streaming stings. + + +J. R. Drake. + +Quar"rel (?), n. [OE. quarel, OF. quarrel, F. carreau, LL. quadrellus, +from L. quadrus square. See Quadrate, and cf. Quadrel, Quarry an arrow, +Carrel.] 1. An arrow for a crossbow; -- so named because it commonly +had a square head. [Obs.] + + To shoot with arrows and quarrel. + + +Sir J. Mandeville. + + Two arblasts, . . . with windlaces and quarrels. + + +Sir W. Scott. + +2. (Arch.) Any small square or quadrangular member; as: (a) A square of +glass, esp. when set diagonally. (b) A small opening in window tracery, +of which the cusps, etc., make the form nearly square. (c) A square or +lozenge-shaped paving tile. + +3. A glazier's diamond. Simmonds. + +4. A four-sided cutting tool or chisel having a diamond-shaped end. + +Quar"rel, n. [OE. querele, OF. querele, F. querelle, fr. L. querela, +querella, a complaint, fr. queri to complain. See Querulous.] 1. A +breach of concord, amity, or obligation; a falling out; a difference; a +disagreement; an antagonism in opinion, feeling, or conduct; esp., an +angry dispute, contest, or strife; a brawl; an altercation; as, he had +a quarrel with his father about expenses. + + I will bring a sword upon you that shall avenge the quarrel of my + covenant. + + +Lev. xxvi. 25. + + On open seas their quarrels they debate. + + +Dryden. + +2. Ground of objection, dislike, difference, or hostility; cause of +dispute or contest; occasion of altercation. + + Herodias had a quarrel against him, and would have killed him. + + +Mark vi. 19. + + No man hath any quarrel to me. + + +Shak. + + He thought he had a good quarrel to attack him. + + +Holinshed. + +3. Earnest desire or longing. [Obs.] Holland. + +To pick a quarrel. See under Pick, v. t. + +Syn. -- Brawl; broil; squabble; affray; feud; tumult; contest; dispute; +altercation; contention; wrangle. + +Quar"rel, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Quarreled (?) or Quarrelled; p. pr. & vb. +n. Quarreling or Quarrelling.] 1. To violate concord or agreement; to +have a difference; to fall out; to be or become antagonistic. + + Our people quarrel with obedience. + + +Shak. + + But some defect in her Did quarrel with the noblest grace she owed. + + +Shak. + +2. To dispute angrily, or violently; to wrangle; to scold; to +altercate; to contend; to fight. + + Beasts called sociable quarrel in hunger and lust. + + +Sir W. Temple. + +3. To find fault; to cavil; as, to quarrel with one's lot. + + I will not quarrel with a slight mistake. + + +Roscommon. + +Quar"rel (?), v. t. 1. To quarrel with. [R.] "I had quarelled my +brother purposely." B. Jonson. + +2. To compel by a quarrel; as, to quarrel a man out of his estate or +rights. + +Quar"rel (?), n. [Written also quarreller.] One who quarrels or +wrangles; one who is quarrelsome. Shak. + +Quar"rel*et (?), n. A little quarrel. See 1st Quarrel, 2. [Obs.] +"Quarrelets of pearl [teeth]." Herrick. + +Quar"rel*ing, a. Engaged in a quarrel; apt or disposed to quarrel; as, +quarreling factions; a quarreling mood. -- Quar"rel*ing*ly, adv. + +Quar"rel*lous (?), a. [OF. querelous, F. querelleux, L. querulosus and +querulus, fr. queri to complain. See 2d Quarrel.] Quarrelsome. [Obs.] +[Written also quarrellous.] Shak. + +Quar"rel*some (?), a. Apt or disposed to quarrel; given to brawls and +contention; easily irritated or provoked to contest; irascible; +choleric. + +Syn. -- Pugnacious; irritable; irascible; brawling; choleric; fiery; +petulant. + +-- Quar"rel*some*ly, adv. -- Quar"rel*some*ness, n. + +Quar"ried (?), a. Provided with prey. + + Now I am bravely quarried. + + +Beau. & Fl. + +Quar"ri*er (?), n. A worker in a stone quarry. + +Quar"ry (?), n. [OE. quarre, OF. quarrÈ square, F. carrÈ, from L. +quadratus square, quadrate, quadratum a square. See Quadrate, and cf. +Quarrel an arrow.] Same as 1st Quarrel. [Obs.] Fairfax. + +Quar"ry, a. [OF. quarrÈ.] Quadrate; square. [Obs.] + +Quar"ry, n.; pl. Quarries (#). [OE. querre, OF. cuiriÈe, F. curÈe, fr. +cuir hide, leather, fr. L. corium; the quarry given to the dogs being +wrapped in the akin of the beast. See Cuirass.] 1. (a) A part of the +entrails of the beast taken, given to the hounds. (b) A heap of game +killed. + +2. The object of the chase; the animal hunted for; game; especially, +the game hunted with hawks. "The stone- dead quarry." Spenser. + + The wily quarry shunned the shock. + + +Sir W. Scott. + +Quar"ry, v. i. To secure prey; to prey, as a vulture or harpy. +L'Estrange. + +Quar"ry, n. [OE. quarrere, OF. quariere, F. carriËre, LL. quadraria a +quarry, whence squared (quadrati) stones are dug, fr. quadratus square. +See Quadrate.] A place, cavern, or pit where stone is taken from the +rock or ledge, or dug from the earth, for building or other purposes; a +stone pit. See 5th Mine (a). + +Quar"ry, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Quarried (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Quarrying.] +To dig or take from a quarry; as, to quarry marble. + +Quar"ry-faced` (?), a. (Stone Masonry) Having a face left as it comes +from the quarry and not smoothed with the chisel or point; -- said of +stones. + +Quar"ry-man (?), n.; pl. Quarrymen (&?;). A man who is engaged in +quarrying stones; a quarrier. + +Quart (?), n. [F. quart, n. masc., fr. L. quartus the fourth, akin to +quattuor four. See Four, and cf. 2d Carte, Quarto.] The fourth part; a +quarter; hence, a region of the earth. [Obs.] + + Camber did possess the western quart. + + +Spenser. + +Quart, n. [F. quarte, n. fem., fr. quart fourth. See Quart a quarter.] +1. A measure of capacity, both in dry and in liquid measure; the fourth +part of a gallon; the eighth part of a peck; two pints. + +In imperial measure, a quart is forty English fluid ounces; in wine +measure, it is thirty-two American fluid ounces. The United States dry +quart contains 67.20 cubic inches, the fluid quart 57.75. The English +quart contains 69.32 cubic inches. + +2. A vessel or measure containing a quart. + +Quart (?), n. [See Quart a quarter.] In cards, four successive cards of +the same suit. Cf. Tierce, 4. Hoyle. + +Quar"tan (?), a. [F. quartain, in fiËvre quartaine, L. quartanus, fr. +quartus the fourth. See Quart.] Of or pertaining to the fourth; +occurring every fourth day, reckoning inclusively; as, a quartan ague, +or fever. + +Quar"tan, n. 1. (Med.) An intermittent fever which returns every fourth +day, reckoning inclusively, that is, one in which the interval between +paroxysms is two days. + +2. A measure, the fourth part of some other measure. + +Quar"tane (?), n. [L. quartus the fourth.] (Chem.) Butane, each +molecule of which has four carbon atoms. + +Quar*ta"tion (?), n. [L. quartus the fourth: cf. F. quartation. So +called because usually enough silver is added to make the amount of +gold in the alloyed button about one fourth.] (Chem. & Assaying) The +act, process, or result (in the process of parting) of alloying a +button of nearly pure gold with enough silver to reduce the fineness so +as to allow acids to attack and remove all metals except the gold; -- +called also inquartation. Compare Parting. + +||Quarte (?), n. [F.] Same as 2d Carte. + +Quar"tene (?), n. [Ouartane + ethylene.] (Chem.) Same as Butylene. + +Quar"ten*yl"ic (?), a. [Quartene + -yl + -ic.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, +or designating, an acid of the acrylic acid series, metameric with +crotonic acid, and obtained as a colorless liquid; -- so called from +having four carbon atoms in the molecule. Called also isocrotonic acid. + +Quar"ter (?), n. [F. quartier, L. quartarius a fourth part, fr. quartus +the fourth. See Quart.] 1. One of four equal parts into which anything +is divided, or is regarded as divided; a fourth part or portion; as, a +quarter of a dollar, of a pound, of a yard, of an hour, etc. Hence, +specifically: (a) The fourth of a hundred-weight, being 25 or 28 +pounds, according as the hundredweight is reckoned at 100 or 112 +pounds. (b) The fourth of a ton in weight, or eight bushels of grain; +as, a quarter of wheat; also, the fourth part of a chaldron of coal. +Hutton. (c) (Astron.) The fourth part of the moon's period, or monthly +revolution; as, the first quarter after the change or full. (d) One +limb of a quadruped with the adjacent parts; one fourth part of the +carcass of a slaughtered animal, including a leg; as, the fore +quarters; the hind quarters. (e) That part of a boot or shoe which +forms the side, from the heel to the vamp. (f) (Far.) That part on +either side of a horse's hoof between the toe and heel, being the side +of the coffin. (g) A term of study in a seminary, college, etc, etc.; +properly, a fourth part of the year, but often longer or shorter. (h) +pl. (Mil.) The encampment on one of the principal passages round a +place besieged, to prevent relief and intercept convoys. (i) (Naut.) +The after-part of a vessel's side, generally corresponding in extent +with the quarter-deck; also, the part of the yardarm outside of the +slings. (j) (Her.) One of the divisions of an escutcheon when it is +divided into four portions by a horizontal and a perpendicular line +meeting in the fess point. + +When two coats of arms are united upon one escutcheon, as in case of +marriage, the first and fourth quarters display one shield, the second +and third the other. See Quarter, v. t., 5. + +(k) One of the four parts into which the horizon is regarded as +divided; a cardinal point; a direction' principal division; a region; a +territory. + + Scouts each coast light-armed scour, Each quarter, to descry the + distant foe. + + +Milton. + +(l) A division of a town, city, or county; a particular district; a +locality; as, the Latin quarter in Paris. (m) (Arch.) A small upright +timber post, used in partitions; -- in the United States more commonly +called stud. (n) (Naut.) The fourth part of the distance from one point +of the compass to another, being the fourth part of 11∞ 15′, that +is, about 2∞ 49′; -- called also quarter point. + +2. Proper station; specific place; assigned position; special location. + + Swift to their several quarters hasted then The cumbrous elements. + + +Milton. + +Hence, specifically: (a) (Naut.) A station at which officers and men +are posted in battle; -- usually in the plural. (b) Place of lodging or +temporary residence; shelter; entertainment; -- usually in the plural. + + The banter turned as to what quarters each would find. + + +W. Irving. + +(c) pl. (Mil.) A station or encampment occupied by troops; a place of +lodging for soldiers or officers; as, winter quarters. (d) Treatment +shown by an enemy; mercy; especially, the act of sparing the life a +conquered enemy; a refraining from pushing one's advantage to extremes. + + He magnified his own clemency, now they were at his mercy, to offer + them quarter for their lives. + + +Clarendon. + + Cocks and lambs . . . at the mercy of cats and wolves . . . must + never expect better quarter. + + +L'Estrange. + +3. Friendship; amity; concord. [Obs.] To keep quarter, to keep one's +proper place, and so be on good terms with another. [Obs.] + + In quarter, and in terms like bride and groom. + + +Shak. + + I knew two that were competitors for the secretary's place, . . . + and yet kept good quarter between themselves. + + +Bacon. + +False quarter, a cleft in the quarter of a horse's foot. -- Fifth +quarter, the hide and fat; -- a butcher's term. -- On the quarter +(Naut.), in a direction between abeam and astern; opposite, or nearly +opposite, a vessel's quarter. -- Quarter aspect. (Astrol.) Same as +Quadrate. - - Quarter back (Football), the player who has position next +behind center rush, and receives the ball on the snap back. -- Quarter +badge (Naut.), an ornament on the side of a vessel near, the stern. +Mar. Dict. -- Quarter bill (Naut.), a list specifying the different +stations to be taken by the officers and crew in time of action, and +the names of the men assigned to each. -- Quarter block (Naut.), a +block fitted under the quarters of a yard on each side of the slings, +through which the clew lines and sheets are reeved. R. H. Dana, Jr. -- +Quarter boat (Naut.), a boat hung at a vessel's quarter. -- Quarter +cloths (Naut.), long pieces of painted canvas, used to cover the +quarter netting. -- Quarter day, a day regarded as terminating a +quarter of the year; hence, one on which any payment, especially rent, +becomes due. In matters influenced by United States statutes, quarter +days are the first days of January, April, July, and October. In New +York and many other places, as between landlord and tenant, they are +the first days of May, August, November, and February. The quarter days +usually recognized in England are 25th of March (Lady Day), the 24th of +June (Midsummer Day), the 29th of September (Michaelmas Day), and the +25th of December (Christmas Day). -- Quarter face, in fine arts, +portrait painting, etc., a face turned away so that but one quarter is +visible. -- Quarter gallery (Naut.), a balcony on the quarter of a +ship. See Gallery, 4. -- Quarter gunner (Naut.), a petty officer who +assists the gunner. -- Quarter look, a side glance. [Obs.] B. Jonson. +-- Quarter nettings (Naut.), hammock nettings along the quarter rails. +-- Quarter note (Mus.), a note equal in duration to half a minim or a +fourth of semibreve; a crochet. -- Quarter pieces (Naut.), several +pieces of timber at the after-part of the quarter gallery, near the +taffrail. Totten. -- Quarter point. (Naut.) See Quarter, n., 1 (n). -- +Quarter railing, or Quarter rails (Naut.), narrow molded planks +reaching from the top of the stern to the gangway, serving as a fence +to the quarter-deck. -- Quarter sessions (Eng. Law), a general court of +criminal jurisdiction held quarterly by the justices of peace in +counties and by the recorders in boroughs. -- Quarter square (Math.), +the fourth part of the square of a number. Tables of quarter squares +have been devised to save labor in multiplying numbers. -- Quarter +turn, Quarter turn belt (Mach.), an arrangement in which a belt +transmits motion between two shafts which are at right angles with each +other. -- Quarter watch (Naut.), a subdivision of the full watch (one +fourth of the crew) on a man-of- war. -- To give, or show, quarter +(Mil.), to accept as prisoner, on submission in battle; to forbear to +kill, as a vanquished enemy. -- To keep quarter. See Quarter, n., 3. + +Quar"ter (kw‰r"tr), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Quartered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Quartering.] 1. To divide into four equal parts. + +<! p. 1175 !> + +2. To divide; to separate into parts or regions. + + Then sailors quartered heaven. + + +Dryden. + +3. To furnish with shelter or entertainment; to supply with the means +of living for a time; especially, to furnish shelter to; as, to quarter +soldiers. + + They mean this night in Sardis to be quartered. + + +Shak. + +4. To furnish as a portion; to allot. [R.] + + This isle . . . He quarters to his blue-haired deities. + + +Milton. + +5. (Her.) To arrange (different coats of arms) upon one escutcheon, as +when a man inherits from both father and mother the right to bear arms. + +When only two coats of arms are so combined they are arranged in four +compartments. See Quarter, n., 1 (f). + +Quar"ter (kw‰r"tr), v. i. To lodge; to have a temporary residence. + +Quar"ter, v. i. [F. cartayer.] To drive a carriage so as to prevent the +wheels from going into the ruts, or so that a rut shall be between the +wheels. + + Every creature that met us would rely on us for quartering. + + +De Quincey. + +Quar"ter*age (?), n. A quarterly allowance. + +Quar"ter-deck` (?), n. (Naut.) That part of the upper deck abaft the +mainmast, including the poop deck when there is one. + +The quarter-deck is reserved as a promenade for the officers and (in +passenger vessels) for the cabin passengers. + +Quar"ter*foil` (?), n. [Quarier + foil: cf. F. quatre.] (Arch.) An +ornamental foliation having four lobes, or foils. + +Quar"ter*hung` (?), a. (Ordnance) Having trunnions the axes of which +lie below the bore; -- said of a cannon. + +Quar"ter*ing, a. 1. (Naut.) Coming from a point well abaft the beam, +but not directly astern; -- said of waves or any moving object. + +2. (Mach.) At right angles, as the cranks of a locomotive, which are in +planes forming a right angle with each other. + +Quar"ter*ing, n. 1. A station. [Obs.] Bp. Montagu. + +2. Assignment of quarters for soldiers; quarters. + +3. (Her.) (a) The division of a shield containing different coats of +arms into four or more compartments. (b) One of the different coats of +arms arranged upon an escutcheon, denoting the descent of the bearer. + +4. (Arch.) A series of quarters, or small upright posts. See Quarter, +n., 1 (m) (Arch.) Gwilt. + +Quartering block, a block on which the body of a condemned criminal was +quartered. Macaulay. + +Quar"ter*ly, a. 1. Containing, or consisting of, a fourth part; as, +quarterly seasons. + +2. Recurring during, or at the end of, each quarter; as, quarterly +payments of rent; a quarterly meeting. + +Quar"ter*ly, n.; pl. Quarterlies (&?;). A periodical work published +once a quarter, or four times in a year. + +Quar"ter*ly, adv. 1. By quarters; once in a quarter of a year; as, the +returns are made quarterly. + +2. (Her.) In quarters, or quarterings; as, to bear arms quarterly; in +four or more parts; -- said of a shield thus divided by lines drawn +through it at right angles. + +Quar"ter*mas`ter (?), n. [Quarter + master: cf. F. quartier-maÓtre.] 1. +(Mil.) An officer whose duty is to provide quarters, provisions, +storage, clothing, fuel, stationery, and transportation for a regiment +or other body of troops, and superintend the supplies. + +2. (Naut.) A petty officer who attends to the helm, binnacle, signals, +and the like, under the direction of the master. Totten. + +Quartermaster general (Mil.), in the United States a staff officer, who +has the rank of brigadier general and is the chief officer in the +quartermaster's department; in England, an officer of high rank +stationed at the War Office having similar duties; also, a staff +officer, usually a general officer, accompanying each complete army in +the field. -- Quartermaster sergeant. See Sergeant. + +Quar"tern (?), n.[OE. quarteroun, quartron, F. quarteron, the fourth +part of a pound, or of a hundred; cf. L. quartarius a fourth part, +quarter of any measure, quartern, gill. See Quarter, and cf. Quarteron, +Quadroon.] 1. A quarter. Specifically: (a) The fourth part of a pint; a +gill. (b) The fourth part of a peck, or of a stone (14 ibs.). + +2. A loaf of bread weighing about four pounds; -- called also quartern +loaf. Simmonds. + +Quar"ter*on (?), n. [F. See Quartern.] A quarter; esp., a quarter of a +pound, or a quarter of a hundred. Piers Plowman. + +{ Quar"ter*on (?), Quar"ter*oon (?) }, n. A quadroon. + +Quar"ter*pace` (?), n. (Arch.) A platform of a staircase where the +stair turns at a right angle only. See Halfpace. + +Quar"ter round` (?). (Arch.) An ovolo. + +Quar"ter*staff` (?), n.; pl. Quarterstaves (&?;). A long and stout +staff formerly used as a weapon of defense and offense; -- so called +because in holding it one hand was placed in the middle, and the other +between the middle and the end. + +{ Quar*tet", Quar*tette" } (?), n. [It. quartetto, dim. of quarto the +fourth, a fourth part, fr. L. quartus the fourth. See Quart.] 1. (Mus.) +(a) A composition in four parts, each performed by a single voice or +instrument. (b) The set of four person who perform a piece of music in +four parts. + +2. (Poet.) A stanza of four lines. + +Quar"tic (?), a. [L. quartus fourth.] (Mach.) Of the fourth degree. + +Quar"tic (?), n. (a) (Alg.) A quantic of the fourth degree. See +Quantic. (b) (Geom.) A curve or surface whose equation is of the fourth +degree in the variables. + +Quar"tile (?), n. [F. quartile aspect, fr. L. quartus the fourth. See +Quart.] (Astrol.) Same as Quadrate. + +Quar"tine (?), n. [F., fr. L. quartus the fourth.] (Bot.) A supposed +fourth integument of an ovule, counting from the outside. + +Quar"to (?), a. [L. in quarto in fourth, from quartus the fourth: cf. +F. (in) quarto. See Quart.] Having four leaves to the sheet; of the +form or size of a quarto. + +Quar"to, n.; pl. Quartos (&?;). Originally, a book of the size of the +fourth of sheet of printing paper; a size leaves; in present usage, a +book of a square or nearly square form, and usually of large size. + +Quar"tridge (?), n. Quarterage. [Obs.] + +Quartz (?), n. [G. quarz.] (Min.) A form of silica, or silicon dioxide +(SiO2), occurring in hexagonal crystals, which are commonly colorless +and transparent, but sometimes also yellow, brown, purple, green, and +of other colors; also in cryptocrystalline massive forms varying in +color and degree of transparency, being sometimes opaque. + +The crystalline varieties include: amethyst, violet; citrine and false +topaz, pale yellow; rock crystal, transparent and colorless or nearly +so; rose quartz, rosecolored; smoky quartz, smoky brown. The chief +crypto-crystalline varieties are: agate, a chalcedony in layers or +clouded with different colors, including the onyx and sardonyx; +carnelian and sard, red or flesh- colored chalcedony; chalcedony, +nearly white, and waxy in luster; chrysoprase, an apple-green +chalcedony; flint, hornstone, basanite, or touchstone, brown to black +in color and compact in texture; heliotrope, green dotted with red; +jasper, opaque, red yellow, or brown, colored by iron or ferruginous +clay; prase, translucent and dull leek-green. Quartz is an essential +constituent of granite, and abounds in rocks of all ages. It forms the +rocks quartzite (quartz rock) and sandstone, and makes most of the sand +of the seashore. + +Quartz*if"er*ous (?), a. [Quartz + -ferous.] (Min.) Consisting chiefly +of quartz; containing quartz. + +Quartz"ite (?), n. [Cf. F. quartzite.] (Min.) Massive quartz occurring +as a rock; a metamorphosed sandstone; -- called also quartz rock. + +Quartz"oid (?), n. [Quartz + - oid.] (Crystallog.) A form of crystal +common with quartz, consisting of two six-sided pyramids, base to base. + +Quartz"ose` (?), a. [Cf. F. quartzeux, G. quarzig.] (Min.) Containing, +or resembling, quartz; partaking of the nature or qualities of quartz. + +quartz"ous (?), a. (Min.) Quarzose. + +Quartz"y (?), a. (Min.) Quartzose. + +Quas (?), n. A kind of beer. Same as Quass. + +{ Quas"chi (?), Quas"je (?) }, n. (Zoˆl.) The brown coati. See Coati. + +Quash (?), n. Same as Squash. + +Quash, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Quashed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Quashing.] [OF. +quasser, F. casser, fr. L. cassare to annihilate, annul, fr. cassus +empty, vain, of uncertain origin. The word has been confused with L. +quassare to shake, F. casser to break, which is probably of different +origin. Cf. Cashier, v. t.] (Law) To abate, annul, overthrow, or make +void; as, to quash an indictment. Blackstone. + +Quash, v. t. [OF. quasser, F. casser, fr. L. quassare to shake, +shatter, shiver, v. intens. fr. quatere, quassum, to shake, shatter. +Cf. Concussion, Discuss, Rescue, and also Quash to annul.] 1. To beat +down, or beat in pieces; to dash forcibly; to crush. + + The whales Against sharp rocks, like reeling vessels, quashed, + Though huge as mountains, are in pieces dashed. + + +Waller. + +2. To crush; to subdue; to suppress or extinguish summarily and +completely; as, to quash a rebellion. + + Contrition is apt to quash or allay all worldly grief. + + +Barrow. + +Quash, v. i. To be shaken, or dashed about, with noise. + +Quash"ee (?), n. A negro of the West Indies. + +Qua"si (?). [L.] As if; as though; as it were; in a manner sense or +degree; having some resemblance to; qualified; -- used as an adjective, +or a prefix with a noun or an adjective; as, a quasi contract, an +implied contract, an obligation which has arisen from some act, as if +from a contract; a quasi corporation, a body that has some, but not +all, of the peculiar attributes of a corporation; a quasi argument, +that which resembles, or is used as, an argument; quasi historical, +apparently historical, seeming to be historical. + +Quas`i*mo"do (?), n. [So called from the first words of the Latin +introit, quasi modo geniti infantes as newborn babes, 1 Pet. ii. 2.] +(R. C. Ch.) The first Sunday after Easter; Low Sunday. + +Quass (?), n. [Russ. kvas'.] A thin, sour beer, made by pouring warm +water on rye or barley meal and letting it ferment, -- much used by the +Russians. [written also quas.] + +Quas*sa"tion (?), n. [L. quassatio, from quassare to shake. See Quash +to crush.] The act of shaking, or the state of being shaken. Gayton. + +Quas"si*a (?), n. [NL. From the name of a negro, Quassy, or Quash, who +prescribed this article as a specific.] The wood of several tropical +American trees of the order SimarubeÊ, as Quassia amara, PicrÊna +excelsa, and Simaruba amara. It is intensely bitter, and is used in +medicine and sometimes as a substitute for hops in making beer. + +Quas"sin (?), n. [Cf. F. quassine. See Quassia.] (Chem.) The bitter +principle of quassia, extracted as a white crystalline substance; -- +formerly called quassite. [Written also quassin, and quassine.] + +Quat (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] (a) A pustule. [Obs.] (b) An +annoying, worthless person. Shak. + +Quat, v. t. To satiate; to satisfy. [Prov. Eng.] + +Qua"ta (?), n. (Zoˆl.) The coaita. + +Quatch (?), a. Squat; flat. [Obs.] Shak. + +Qua"ter-cous`in (?), n. [F. quatre four + cousin, E. cousin.] A cousin +within the first four degrees of kindred. + +Qua*ter"na*ry (?), a. [L. quaternarius consisting of four each, +containing four, fr. quaterni four each, fr. quattuor four: cf. F. +quaternaire. See Four.] + +1. Consisting of four; by fours, or in sets of four. + +2. (Geol.) Later than, or subsequent to, the Tertiary; Post-tertiary; +as, the Quaternary age, or Age of man. + +Qua*ter"na*ry, n. [L. numerus quaternarius: cf. F. quaternaire.] 1. The +number four. Boyle. + +2. (Geol.) The Quaternary age, era, or formation. See the Chart of +Geology. + +Qua*ter"nate (?), a. Composed of, or arranged in, sets of four; +quaternary; as, quaternate leaves. + +Qua*ter"ni*on (?), n. [L. quaternio, fr. quaterni four each. See +Quaternary.] 1. The number four. [Poetic] + +2. A set of four parts, things, or person; four things taken +collectively; a group of four words, phrases, circumstances, facts, or +the like. + + Delivered him to four quaternions of soldiers. + + +Acts xii. 4. + + Ye elements, the eldest birth Of Nature's womb, that in quaternion + run. + + +Milton. + + The triads and quaternions with which he loaded his sentences. + + +Sir W. Scott. + +3. A word of four syllables; a quadrisyllable. + +4. (Math.) The quotient of two vectors, or of two directed right lines +in space, considered as depending on four geometrical elements, and as +expressible by an algebraic symbol of quadrinomial form. + +The science or calculus of quaternions is a new mathematical method, in +which the conception of a quaternion is unfolded and symbolically +expressed, and is applied to various classes of algebraical, +geometrical, and physical questions, so as to discover theorems, and to +arrive at the solution of problems. Sir W. R. Hamilton. + +Qua*ter"ni*on, v. t. To divide into quaternions, files, or companies. +Milton. + +Qua*ter"ni*ty (?), n. [LL. quaternitas, fr. L. quaterni four each: cf. +F. quaternitÈ.] 1. The number four. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne. + +2. The union of four in one, as of four persons; -- analogous to the +theological term trinity. + +Qua"ter*on (?), n. See 2d Quarteron. + +Qua*torz"ain (?), n. [See Quatorze.] A poem of fourteen lines; a +sonnet. R. H. Stoddard. + +Qua*torze" (?), n. [F. quatorze fourteen, L. quattuordecim. See +Fourteen.] The four aces, kings, queens, knaves, or tens, in the game +of piquet; -- so called because quatorze counts as fourteen points. + +Quat"rain (?), n. [F., fr. quatre four, L. quattuor, quatuor. See +Four.] (Pros.) A stanza of four lines rhyming alternately. Dryden. + +Qua"tre (?), n. [F.] A card, die. or domino, having four spots, or pips + +{ Qua"tre*feuille (?), Qua"tre*foil (?), } n. [F. quatre feuilles.] +Same as Quarterfoil. + +Quat"u*or (?), n. [F., fr. L. quattuor, quatuor, four. See Quartet.] +(Mus.) A quartet; -- applied chiefly to instrumental compositions. + +Quave (?), n. See Quaver. [Obs.] + +Quave, v. i. To quaver. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] + +Quave"mire` (?), n. See Quagmire. [Obs.] + +Qua"ver, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Quavered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Quavering.] +[OE. quaven to shake, to tremble; cf. LG. quabbeln to shake, to be +soft, of fat substances, quabbe a fat lump of flesh, a dewlap, D. +kwabbe, and E. quiver, v.] 1. To tremble; to vibrate; to shake. Sir I. +Newton. + +2. Especially, to shake the voice; to utter or form sound with rapid or +tremulous vibrations, as in singing; also, to trill on a musical +instrument + +Qua"ver, v. t. To utter with quavers. + + We shall hear her quavering them . . . to some sprightly airs of + the opera. + + +Addison. + +Qua"ver, n. 1. A shake, or rapid and tremulous vibration, of the voice, +or of an instrument of music. + +2. (Mus.) An eighth note. See Eighth. + +Qua"ver*er (?), n. One who quavers; a warbler. + +Quay (?), n. [F. quai. See Key quay.] A mole, bank, or wharf, formed +toward the sea, or at the side of a harbor, river, or other navigable +water, for convenience in loading and unloading vessels. [Written also +key.] + +Quay (?), v. t. To furnish with quays. + +Quay"age (?), n. [F.] Wharfage. [Also keyage.] + +Quayd (?), p. p. of Quail. [Obs.] Spenser. + +Que (?), n. [Cf. 3d Cue.] A half farthing. [Obs.] + +Queach (?), n. [Cf. Quick.] A thick, bushy plot; a thicket. [Obs.] +Chapman. + +Queach, v. i. [Cf. E. quich, v. i., quick, v. i.; or AS. cweccan to +shake.] To stir; to move. See Quick, v. i. [Obs.] + +Queach"y (?), a. 1. Yielding or trembling under the feet, as moist or +boggy ground; shaking; moving. "The queachy fens." "Godwin's queachy +sands." Drayton. + +2. Like a queach; thick; bushy. [Obs.] Cockeram. + +Quean (?), n. [Originally, a woman, AS. cwene; akin to OS. quena, OHG. +quena, Icel. kona, Goth qin&?;, and AS. cwÈn, also to Gr. &?; woman, +wife, Skr. gn goddess. Cf. Queen.] 1. A woman; a young or unmarried +woman; a girl. [Obs. or Scot.] Chaucer. + +2. A low woman; a wench; a slut. "The dread of every scolding quean." +Gay. + +Quea"si*ly (?), adv. In a queasy manner. + +Quea"si*ness, n. The state of being queasy; nausea; qualmishness; +squeamishness. Shak. + +<! p. 1176 !> + +Quea"sy (?), a. [Icel. kweisa pain; cf. Norw. kveis sickness after a +debauch.] 1. Sick at the stomach; affected with nausea; inclined to +vomit; qualmish. + +2. Fastidious; squeamish; delicate; easily disturbed; unsettled; +ticklish. " A queasy question." Shak. + + Some seek, when queasy conscience has its qualms. + + +Cowper. + +Que*bec" group` (?). (Geol.) The middle of the three groups into which +the rocks of the Canadian period have been divided in the American +Lower Silurian system. See the Chart of Geology. + +||Que*bra"cho (?), n. [Sp.] (Bot.) A Chilian apocynaceous tree +||(Aspidosperma Quebracho); also, its bark, which is used as a +||febrifuge, and for dyspnúa of the lung, or bronchial diseases; -- +||called also white quebracho, to distinguish it from the red +||quebracho, a Mexican anacardiaceous tree (Loxopterygium Lorentzii) +||whose bark is said to have similar properties. J. Smith (Dict. Econ. +||Plants). + +Queb"rith (?), n. [OE. quebrit, quibrith, Ar. kibrt.] (Alchemy) +Sulphur. [Obs.] + +{ Quech (?), Queck (?), } v. i. [Cf. Quick, Queach.] A word occurring +in a corrupt passage of Bacon's Essays, and probably meaning, to stir, +to move. + +Queen (?), n. [OE. quen, quene, queen, quean, AS. cwn wife, queen, +woman; akin to OS. qun wife, woman, Icel. kvn wife, queen, Goth. qns. +√221. See Quean.] 1. The wife of a king. + +2. A woman who is the sovereign of a kingdom; a female monarch; as, +Elizabeth, queen of England; Mary, queen of Scots. + + In faith, and by the heaven's quene. + + +Chaucer. + +3. A woman eminent in power or attractions; the highest of her kind; +as, a queen in society; -- also used figuratively of cities, countries, +etc. " This queen of cities." " Albion, queen of isles." Cowper. + +4. The fertile, or fully developed, female of social bees, ants, and +termites. + +5. (Chess) The most powerful, and except the king the most important, +piece in a set of chessmen. + +6. A playing card bearing the picture of a queen; as, the queen of +spades. + +Queen apple. [Cf. OE. quyne aple quince apple.] A kind of apple; a +queening. "Queen apples and red cherries." Spenser. -- Queen bee +(Zoˆl.), a female bee, especially the female of the honeybee. See +Honeybee. -- Queen conch (Zoˆl.), a very large West Indian cameo conch +(Cassis cameo). It is much used for making cameos. -- Queen consort, +the wife of a reigning king. Blackstone. -- Queen dowager, the widow of +a king. -- Queen gold, formerly a revenue of the queen consort of +England, arising from gifts, fines, etc. -- Queen mother, a queen +dowager who is also mother of the reigning king or queen. -- Queen of +May. See May queen, under May. -- Queen of the meadow (Bot.), a +European herbaceous plant (SpirÊa Ulmaria). See Meadowsweet. -- Queen +of the prairie (Bot.), an American herb (SpirÊa lobata) with ample +clusters of pale pink flowers. -- Queen pigeon (Zoˆl.), any one of +several species of very large and handsome crested ground pigeons of +the genus Goura, native of New Guinea and the adjacent islands. They +are mostly pale blue, or ash-blue, marked with white, and have a large +occipital crest of spatulate feathers. Called also crowned pigeon, +goura, and Victoria pigeon. -- Queen regent, or Queen regnant, a queen +reigning in her own right. -- Queen's Bench. See King's Bench. -- +Queen's counsel, Queen's evidence. See King's counsel, King's evidence, +under King. -- Queen's delight (Bot.), an American plant (Stillinqia +sylvatica) of the Spurge family, having an herbaceous stem and a +perennial woody root. -- Queen's metal (Metal.), an alloy somewhat +resembling pewter or britannia, and consisting essentially of tin with +a slight admixture of antimony, bismuth, and lead or copper. -- Queen's +pigeon. (Zoˆl.) Same as Queen pigeon, above. -- Queen's ware, glazed +English earthenware of a cream color. -- Queen's yellow (Old Chem.), a +heavy yellow powder consisting of a basic mercuric sulphate; -- +formerly called turpetum minerale, or Turbith's mineral. + +Queen, v. i. To act the part of a queen. Shak. + +Queen, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Queened (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Queening.] +(Chess.) To make a queen (or other piece, at the player's discretion) +of by moving it to the eighth row; as, to queen a pawn. + +Queen"craft` (?), n. Craft or skill in policy on the part of a queen. + + Elizabeth showed much queencraft in procuring the votes of the + nobility. + + +Fuller. + +Queen"dom (?), n. The dominion, condition, or character of a queen. +Mrs. Browning. + +Queen"fish` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) A California sciÊnoid food fish (Seriphys +politus). The back is bluish, and the sides and belly bright silvery. +Called also kingfish. + +Queen"hood (?), n. The state, personality, or character of a queen; +queenliness. Tennyson. + +Queen"ing (?), n. [See Queen apple.] (Bot.) Any one of several kinds of +apples, as summer queening, scarlet queening, and early queening. An +apple called the queening was cultivated in England two hundred years +ago. + +Queen"li*ness (?), n. The quality of being queenly; the; characteristic +of a queen; stateliness; eminence among women in attractions or power. + +Queen"ly, a. [AS. cwnlic feminine.] Like, becoming, or suitable to, a +queen. + +Queen"-post` (?), n. [Arch.] One of two suspending posts in a roof +truss, or other framed truss of similar form. See King-post. + +Queen"ship, n. The state, rank, or dignity of a queen. + +Queens"land nut` (?). (Bot.) The nut of an Australian tree (Macadamia +ternifolia). It is about an inch in diameter, and contains a single +round edible seed, or sometimes two hemispherical seeds. So called from +Queensland in Australia. + +Queen" truss (?). (Arch.) A truss framed with queen-posts; a queen-post +truss. + +Queer (?), a. [Compar. Queerer (?); superl. Queerest.] [G. quer cross, +oblique, athwart (cf. querkopf a queer fellow), OHG. twer, twerh, +dwerah; akin to D. dvars, AS, ˛weorh thwart, bent, twisted, Icel. ˛verr +thwart, transverse, Goth. ˛waÏrhs angry, and perh. to L. torqyere to +twist, and E. through. Cf. Torture, Through, Thwart, a.] 1. At variance +with what is usual or normal; differing in some odd way from what is +ordinary; odd; singular; strange; whimsical; as, a queer story or act. +" A queer look." W. Irving. + +2. Mysterious; suspicious; questionable; as, a queer transaction. +[Colloq.] + +Queer, n. Counterfeit money. [Slang] + +To shove the queer, to put counterfeit money in circulation. [Slang] + +Queer"ish, a. Rather queer; somewhat singular. + +Queer"ly, adv. In a queer or odd manner. + +Queer"ness, n. The quality or state of being queer. + +Queest (?), n. [Cf. Icel. kvisa a kind of bird, kvistr a branch of a +tree, and E. cushat.] (Zoˆl.) The European ringdove (Columba palumbus); +the cushat. [Written also quist, queeze, quice, queece.] See Ringdove. + +Quegh (?), n. A drinking vessel. See Quaich. + +Queint (?), a. See Quaint. [Obs.] + +Queint, obs. imp. & p. p. of Quench. Chaucer. + +Queint"ise (?), n. See Quaintise. [Obs.] Chaucer. + +Quell (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Quelled (&?;); p. pr. & vb. n. +Quelling.] [See Quail to cower.] + +1. To die. [Obs.] + + Yet he did quake and quaver, like to quell. + + +Spenser. + +2. To be subdued or abated; to yield; to abate. [R.] + + Winter's wrath begins to quell. + + +Spenser. + +Quell, v. t. [OE. quellen to kill, AS. cwellan, causative of cwelan to +die; akin to OHG. quellen to torment, Icel. kvelja. See Quail to +cower.] 1. To take the life of; to kill. [Obs.] Spenser. + + The ducks cried as [if] men would them quelle. + + +Chaucer. + +2. To overpower; to subdue; to put down. + + The nation obeyed the call, rallied round the sovereign, and + enabled him to quell the disaffected minority. + + +Macaulay. + + Northward marching to quell the sudden revolt. + + +Longfellow. + +3. To quiet; to allay; to pacify; to cause to yield or cease; as, to +quell grief; to quell the tumult of the soul. + + Much did his words the gentle lady quell. + + +Spenser. + +Syn. -- to subdue; crush; overpower; reduce; put down; repress; +suppress; quiet; allay; calm; pacify. + +Quell, n. Murder. [Obs.] Shak. + +Quell"er (?), n. 1. A killer; as, Jack the Giant Queller. [Obs.] Wyclif +(Mark vi. 27). + +2. One who quells; one who overpowers or subdues. + +Quel"li*o (?), n. [Sp. cuello, L. collum neck.] A ruff for the neck. +[Obs.] B. Jonson. + +||Quelque"chose` (?), n. [F. quelque chose something.] A trifle; a +||kickshaw. Donne. + +Queme (?), v. t. & i. [AS. cwman, akin to cuman to come. √23.] To +please. [Obs.] Chaucer. + +Queme"ful (?), a. Kindly; merciful. [Obs.] Wyclif. + +Quench (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Quenched (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Quenching.] [OE. quenchen, AS. cwencan in cwencan, to extinguish +utterly, causative of cwincan, cwincan, to decrease, disappear; cf. AS. +cwnan, cwnan, to waste or dwindle away.] 1. To extinguish; to +overwhelm; to make an end of; -- said of flame and fire, of things +burning, and figuratively of sensations and emotions; as, to quench +flame; to quench a candle; to quench thirst, love, hate, etc. + + Ere our blood shall quench that fire. + + +Shak. + + The supposition of the lady's death Will quench the wonder of her + infamy. + + +Shak. + +2. To cool suddenly, as heated steel, in tempering. + +Syn. -- To extinguish; still; stifle; allay; cool; check. + +Quench, v. i. To become extinguished; to go out; to become calm or +cool. [R.] + + Dost thou think in time She will not quench! + + +Shak. + +Quench"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being quenched. + +Quench"er (?), n. One who, or that which, quenches. Hammond. + +Quench"less, a. Incapable of being quenched; inextinguishable; as, +quenchless fire or fury. "Once kindled, quenchless evermore." Byron. + +Syn. -- Inextinguishable; unquenchable. + +-- Quench"less*ly, adv. -- Quench"less*ness, n. + +Que*nelle" (?), n. [F.] (Cookery) A kind of delicate forcemeat, +commonly poached and used as a dish by itself or for garnishing. + +Que*nouille train"ing (?). [F. quenouille distaff.] (Hort.) A method of +training trees or shrubs in the shape of a cone or distaff by tying +down the branches and pruning. + +Quer`ci*tan"nic (?), a. [L. quercus an oak + E. tannic.] (Chem.) +Pertaining to, or designating, a tannic acid found in oak bark and +extracted as a yellowish brown amorphous substance. + +Quer"cite (?), n. (Chem.) A white crystalline substance, C6H7(OH)5, +found in acorns, the fruit of the oak (Quercus). It has a sweet taste, +and is regarded as a pentacid alcohol. + +Quer"ci*tin (?), n. (Chem.) A yellow crystalline substance, occurring +quite widely distributed in the vegetable kingdom, as is apple-tree +bark, horse- chestnut leaves, etc., but originally obtained by the +decomposition of quercitrin. Called also meletin. + +Quer"cit*rin (?), n. [Cf. F. quercitrin. See Quercitron.] (Chem.) A +glucoside extracted from the bark of the oak (Quercus) as a bitter +citron-yellow crystalline substance, used as a pigment and called +quercitron. + +Quer"cit*ron (?), n. [F. quercitron, the name of the name of tree; L. +quercus an oak + citrus the citron tree.] 1. The yellow inner bark of +the Quercus tinctoria, the American black oak, yellow oak, dyer's oak, +or quercitron oak, a large forest tree growing from Maine to eastern +Texas. + +2. Quercitrin, used as a pigment. See Quercitrin. + +||Quer"cus (?), n. [L., an oak.] (Bot.) A genus of trees constituted by +||the oak. See Oak. + +Quer"ele (?), n. [See 2d Quarrel.] (O. Eng. Law) A complaint to a +court. See Audita Querela. [Obs.] Ayliffe. + +Que"rent (?), n. [L. querens, p. pr. of queri to complain.] (O. Eng. +Law) A complainant; a plaintiff. + +Que"rent, n. [L. quaerens, p. pr. of quaerere to search for, to +inquire.] An inquirer. [Obs.] Aubrey. + +Quer`i*mo"ni*ous (?), a. [L. querimonia a complaint, fr. queri to +complain. See Querulous.] Complaining; querulous; apt to complain. -- +Quer`i*mo"ni*ous*ly, adv. -- Quer`i*mo"ni*ous*ness, n. + +Quer"i*mo*ny (?), n. [L. querimonia.] A complaint or complaining. +[Obs.] E. Hall. + +Que"rist (?), n. [See Query.] One who inquires, or asks questions. +Swift. + +Querk"en (?), v. t. [Icel. kverk throat. &?;.] To stifle or choke. +[Prov. Eng.] Halliwell. + +Querl (?), v. t. [G. querlen, quirlen, to twirl, to turn round, fr. +querl, querl, a twirling stick. Cf. Twirl.] To twirl; to turn or wind +round; to coil; as, to querl a cord, thread, or rope. [Local, U.S.] + +Querl, n. A coil; a twirl; as, the qwerl of hair on the fore leg of a +blooded horse. [Local, U. S.] + +Quern (?), n. [AS. cweorn, cwyrn; akin to D. kweern, OHG. quirn, Icel. +kvern, Sw. qvarn, Dan. quÊrn, Goth. qairnus (in asiluqaÌrnus), Lith. +qÏrnos, and perh. E. corn.] A mill for grinding grain, the upper stone +of which was turned by hand; -- used before the invention of windmills +and watermills. Shak. + + They made him at the querne grind. + + +Chaucer. + +Quer"po (?), n. The inner or body garments taken together. See Cuerpo. +Dryden. + +Quer"que*dule (?), n. [L. querquedula.] (Zool.) (a) A teal. (b) The +pintail duck. + +Quer"ry (?), n. A groom; an equerry. [Obs.] + +Quer`u*len"tial (?), a. Querulous. [R.] + +Quer"u*lous (?), a. [L. querulus and querulosus, fr. queri to complain. +Cf. Cry, v., Quarrel a brawl, Quarrelous.] 1. Given to quarreling; +quarrelsome. [Obs.] land. + +2. Apt to find fault; habitually complaining; disposed to murmur; as, a +querulous man or people. + + Enmity can hardly be more annoying that querulous, jealous, + exacting fondness. + + +Macaulay. + +3. Expressing complaint; fretful; whining; as, a querulous tone of +voice. + +Syn. -- Complaining; bewailing; lamenting; whining; mourning; +murmuring; discontented; dissatisfied. + +-- Quer"u*lous*ly, adv. -- Quer"u*lous*ness, n. + +Que"ry (?), n.; pl. Queries (#). [L. quaere, imperative sing. of +quaerere, quaesitum to seek or search for, to ask, inquire. Cf. +Acquire, Conquer, Exquisite, Quest, Require.] 1. A question; an inquiry +to be answered or solved. + + I shall conclude with proposing only some queries, in order to a . + . . search to be made by others. + + +Sir I. Newton. + +2. A question in the mind; a doubt; as, I have a query about his +sincerity. + +3. An interrogation point [?] as the sign of a question or a doubt. + +Que"ry, v. i. 1. To ask questions; to make inquiry. + + Each prompt to query, answer, and debate. + + +Pope. + +2. To have a doubt; as, I query if he is right. + +Que"ry, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Queried (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Querying.] 1. +To put questions about; to elicit by questioning; to inquire into; as, +to query the items or the amount; to query the motive or the fact. + +2. To address questions to; to examine by questions. + +3. To doubt of; to regard with incredulity. + +4. To write " query" (qu., qy., or ?) against, as a doubtful spelling, +or sense, in a proof. See QuÊre. + +Que*sal" (?), n. (Zoˆl.) The long-tailed, or resplendent, trogon +(Pharomachus mocinno, formerly Trogon resplendens), native of Southern +Mexico and Central America. Called also quetzal, and golden trogon. + +The male is remarkable for the brilliant metallic green and gold colors +of his plumage, and for his extremely long plumes, which often exceed +three feet in length. + +<! p. 1177 !> + +Quest (?), n. [OF. queste, F. quÍte, fr. L. quaerere, quaesitum, to +seek for, to ask. Cf. Query, Question.] 1. The act of seeking, or +looking after anything; attempt to find or obtain; search; pursuit; as, +to rove in quest of game, of a lost child, of property, etc. + + Upon an hard adventure yet in quest. + + +Spenser. + + Cease your quest of love. + + +Shak. + + There ended was his quest, there ceased his care. + + +Milton. + +2. Request; desire; solicitation. + + Gad not abroad at every quest and call Of an untrained hope or + passion. + + +Herbert. + +3. Those who make search or inquiry, taken collectively. + + The senate hath sent about three several quests to search you out. + + +Shak. + +4. Inquest; jury of inquest. + + What lawful quest have given their verdict ? + + +Shak. + +Quest, v. t. [Cf. OF. quester, F. quÍter. See Quest, n.] To search for; +to examine. [R.] Sir T. Herbert. + +Quest, v. i. To go on a quest; to make a search; to go in pursuit; to +beg. [R.] + + If his questing had been unsuccessful, he appeased the rage of + hunger with some scraps of broken meat. + + +Macaulay. + +Quest"ant (?), n. [OF. questant, F. quÍtant, p. pr.] One who undertakes +a quest; a seeker. [Obs.] Shak. + +Quest"er (?), n. One who seeks; a seeker. [Obs.] + +Ques"tion (?), n. [F., fr. L. quaestio, fr. quaerere, quaesitum, to +seek for, ask, inquire. See Quest, n.] 1. The act of asking; +interrogation; inquiry; as, to examine by question and answer. + +2. Discussion; debate; hence, objection; dispute; doubt; as, the story +is true beyond question; he obeyed without question. + + There arose a question between some of John's disciples and the + Jews about purifying. + + +John iii. 25. + + It is to be to question, whether it be lawful for Christian princes + to make an invasive war simply for the propagation of the faith. + + +Bacon. + +3. Examination with reference to a decisive result; investigation; +specifically, a judicial or official investigation; also, examination +under torture. Blackstone. + + He that was in question for the robbery. Shak. The Scottish privy + council had power to put state prisoners to the question. + + +Macaulay. + +4. That which is asked; inquiry; interrogatory; query. + + But this question asked Puts me in doubt. Lives there who loves his + pain ? + + +Milton. + +5. Hence, a subject of investigation, examination, or debate; theme of +inquiry; matter to be inquired into; as, a delicate or doubtful +question. + +6. Talk; conversation; speech; speech. [Obs.] Shak. + +In question, in debate; in the course of examination or discussion; as, +the matter or point in question. -- Leading question. See under +Leading. -- Out of question, unquestionably. "Out of question, 't is +Maria's hand." Shak. -- Out of the question. See under Out. -- Past +question, beyond question; certainly; undoubtedly; unquestionably. -- +Previous question, a question put to a parliamentary assembly upon the +motion of a member, in order to ascertain whether it is the will of the +body to vote at once, without further debate, on the subject under +consideration. The form of the question is: "Shall the main question be +now put?" If the vote is in the affirmative, the matter before the body +must be voted upon as it then stands, without further general debate or +the submission of new amendments. In the House of Representatives of +the United States, and generally in America, a negative decision +operates to keep the business before the body as if the motion had not +been made; but in the English Parliament, it operates to postpone +consideration for the day, and until the subject may be again +introduced. In American practice, the object of the motion is to hasten +action, and it is made by a friend of the measure. In English practice, +the object is to get rid of the subject for the time being, and the +motion is made with a purpose of voting against it. Cushing. -- To beg +the question. See under Beg. -- To the question, to the point in +dispute; to the real matter under debate. + +Syn. -- Point; topic; subject. + +Ques"tion, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Questioned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Questioning.] [Cf. F. questionner. See Question, n.] 1. To ask +questions; to inquire. + + He that questioneth much shall learn much. + + +Bacon. + +2. To argue; to converse; to dispute. [Obs.] + + I pray you, think you question with the Jew. + + +Shak. + +Ques"tion, v. t. 1. To inquire of by asking questions; to examine by +interrogatories; as, to question a witness. + +2. To doubt of; to be uncertain of; to query. + + And most we question what we most desire. + + +Prior. + +3. To raise a question about; to call in question; to make objection +to. "But have power and right to question thy bold entrance on this +place." Milton. + +4. To talk to; to converse with. + + With many holiday and lady terms he questioned me. + + +Shak. + +Syn. -- To ask; interrogate; catechise; doubt; controvert; dispute. -- +Question, Inquire, Interrogate. To inquire is merely to ask for +information, and implies no authority in the one who asks. To +interrogate is to put repeated questions in a formal or systematic +fashion to elicit some particular fact or facts. To question has a +wider sense than to interrogate, and often implies an attitude of +distrust or opposition on the part of the questioner. + +Ques`tion*a*bil"i*ty (?), n. The state or condition of being +questionable. Stallo. + +Ques"tion*a*ble (?), a. 1. Admitting of being questioned; inviting, or +seeming to invite, inquiry. [R.] + + Thou com'st in such a questionable shape That I will speak to thee. + + +Shak. + +2. Liable to question; subject to be doubted or called in question; +problematical; doubtful; suspicious. + + It is questionable whether Galen ever saw the dissection of a human + body.T. + + +Baker. + +Syn. -- Disputable; debatable; uncertain; doubtful; problematical; +suspicious. + +Ques"tion*a*ble*ness, n. The quality or state of being questionable, +doubtful, or suspicious. + +Ques"tion*a*bly, adv. In a questionable manner. + +Ques"tion*a*ry (?), a. Inquiring; asking questions; testing. +"Questionary epistles." Pope. + +Ques"tion*a*ry, n. One who makes it his business to seek after relics +and carry them about for sale. + +Ques"tion*er (?), n. One who asks questions; an inquirer. "Little time +for idle questioners." Tennyson. + +Ques"tion*ist, n. 1. A questioner; an inquirer. [Obs.] + +2. (Eng. Univ.) A candidate for honors or degrees who is near the time +of his examination. + +Ques"tion*less, a. Unquestioning; incurious. [R.] + +Ques"tion*less, adv. Beyond a question or doubt; doubtless; +certainly.[R.] South. + + What it was in the apostles' time, that, questionless, it must be + still. + + +Milton. + +Quest"man (?), n.; pl. Questmen (&?;). One legally empowered to make +quest of certain matters, esp. of abuses of weights and measures. +Specifically: (a) A churchwarden's assistant; a sidesman. Blount. +[Obs.] (b) A collector of parish rents. Blount. [Obs.] + +Quest"mon`ger (?), n. One who lays informations, and encourages petty +lawsuits. [Obs.] Bacon. + +Ques"tor (?), n. [L. quaestor, contr. fr. quaesitor, fr. quaerere, +quaesitum, to seek for, ask: cf. F. questeur.] (Rom. Antiq.) An officer +who had the management of the public treasure; a receiver of taxes, +tribute, etc.; treasurer of state. [Written also quÊstor.] + +At an early period there were also public accusers styled questors, but +the office was soon abolished. + +Ques"tor*ship, n. The office, or the term of office, of a questor. + +Quest"rist (?), n. [See Quest.] A seeker; a pursuer. [Obs.] "Hot +questrists after him." Shak. + +Ques"tu*a*ry (?), a. [L. quaestuarius, from quaestus gain, profit, +quaerere, quaesitum, to seek for, earn.] Studious of profit. [Obs.] Sir +T. Browne. + +Ques"tu*a*ry, n. One employed to collect profits. [R.] "The pope's +questuaries." Jer. Taylor. + +Quet (?), n. (Zoˆl.) The common guillemot. [Prov. Eng.] + +Queue (?), n. [F. See Cue.] (a) A tail-like appendage of hair; a +pigtail. (b) A line of persons waiting anywhere. + +Queue, v. t. To fasten, as hair, in a queue. + +Quey (?), n. [Cf. Dan. qvie.] A heifer. [Scot.] + +Quib (?), n. [Cf. Quip.] A quip; a gibe. + +Quib"ble (?), n. [Probably fr. quib, quip, but influenced by quillet, +or quiddity.] 1. A shift or turn from the point in question; a trifling +or evasive distinction; an evasion; a cavil. + + Quibbles have no place in the search after truth. + + +I. Watts. + +2. A pun; a low conceit. + +Quib"ble, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Quibbled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Quibbling +(?).] 1. To evade the point in question by artifice, play upon words, +caviling, or by raising any insignificant or impertinent question or +point; to trifle in argument or discourse; to equivocate. + +2. To pun; to practice punning. Cudworth. + +Syn. -- To cavil; shuffle; equivocate; trifle. + +Quib"bler (?), n. One who quibbles; a caviler; also, a punster. + +Quib"bling*ly (?), adv. Triflingly; evasively. + +Qui"ca (?), n. [From the native Brazilian name.] (Zoˆl.) A small South +American opossum (Didelphys quica), native of Guiana and Brazil. It +feeds upon insects, small birds, and fruit. + +Quice (?), n. (Zoˆl.) See Queest. + +Quich (?), v. i. [Cf. Quinch.] To stir. [Obs.] + + He could not move nor quich at all. + + +Spenser. + +Quick (?), a. [Compar. Quicker (?); superl. Quickest.] [As. cwic, +cwicu, cwucu, cucu, living; akin to OS. quik, D. kwik, OHG. quec, chec, +G. keck bold, lively, Icel. kvikr living, Goth. qius, Lith. qvas, Russ. +zhivoi, L. vivus living, vivere to live, Gr. bi`os life, Skr. jva +living, jv to live. Cf. Biography, Vivid, Quitch grass, Whitlow.] 1. +Alive; living; animate; -- opposed to dead or inanimate. + + Not fully quyke, ne fully dead they were. + + +Chaucer. + + The Lord Jesus Christ, who shall judge the quick and the dead at + his appearing and his kingdom. + + +2 Tim. iv. 1. + + Man is no star, but a quick coal Of mortal fire. + + +Herbert. + +In this sense the word is nearly obsolete, except in some compounds, or +in particular phrases. + +2. Characterized by life or liveliness; animated; sprightly; agile; +brisk; ready. " A quick wit." Shak. + +3. Speedy; hasty; swift; not slow; as, be quick. + + Oft he her his charge of quick return Repeated. + + +Milton. + +4. Impatient; passionate; hasty; eager; eager; sharp; unceremonious; +as, a quick temper. + + The bishop was somewhat quick with them, and signified that he was + much offended. + + +Latimer. + +5. Fresh; bracing; sharp; keen. + + The air is quick there, And it pierces and sharpens the stomach. + + +Shak. + +6. Sensitive; perceptive in a high degree; ready; as, a quick ear. "To +have an open ear, a quick eye." Shak. + + They say that women are so quick. + + +Tennyson. + +7. Pregnant; with child. Shak. + +Quick grass. (Bot.) See Quitch grass. -- Quick match. See under Match. +-- Quick vein (Mining), a vein of ore which is productive, not barren. +-- Quick vinegar, vinegar made by allowing a weak solution of alcohol +to trickle slowly over shavings or other porous material. -- Quick +water, quicksilver water. -- Quick with child, pregnant with a living +child. + +Syn. -- Speedy; expeditious; swift; rapid; hasty; prompt; ready; +active; brisk; nimble; fleet; alert; agile; lively; sprightly. + +Quick (?), adv. In a quick manner; quickly; promptly; rapidly; with +haste; speedily; without delay; as, run quick; get back quick. + + If we consider how very quick the actions of the mind are + performed. + + +Locke. + +Quick, n. 1. That which is quick, or alive; a living animal or plant; +especially, the hawthorn, or other plants used in making a living +hedge. + + The works . . . are curiously hedged with quick. + + +Evelyn. + +2. The life; the mortal point; a vital part; a part susceptible of +serious injury or keen feeling; the sensitive living flesh; the part of +a finger or toe to which the nail is attached; the tender emotions; as, +to cut a finger nail to the quick; to thrust a sword to the quick, to +taunt one to the quick; -- used figuratively. + + This test nippeth, . . . this toucheth the quick. + + +Latimer. + + How feebly and unlike themselves they reason when they come to the + quick of the difference ! + + +Fuller. + +3. (Bot.) Quitch grass. Tennyson. + +Quick, v. t. & i. [See Quicken.] To revive; to quicken; to be or become +alive. [Obs.] Chaucer. + +Quick"beam` (?), n. [A. S. cwicbe·m.] See Quicken tree. + +Quick"en (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. quickened (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Quickening.] [AS. cwician. See Quick, a.] 1. To make alive; to vivify; +to revive or resuscitate, as from death or an inanimate state; hence, +to excite; to, stimulate; to incite. + + The mistress which I serve quickens what's dead. + + +Shak. + + Like a fruitful garden without an hedge, that quickens the appetite + to enjoy so tempting a prize. + + +South. + +2. To make lively, active, or sprightly; to impart additional energy +to; to stimulate; to make quick or rapid; to hasten; to accelerate; as, +to quicken one's steps or thoughts; to quicken one's departure or +speed. + +3. (Shipbuilding) To shorten the radius of (a curve); to make (a curve) +sharper; as, to quicken the sheer, that is, to make its curve more +pronounced. + +Syn. -- To revive; resuscitate; animate; reinvigorate; vivify; refresh; +stimulate; sharpen; incite; hasten; accelerate; expedite; dispatch; +speed. + +Quick"en, v. i. 1. To come to life; to become alive; to become vivified +or enlivened; hence, to exhibit signs of life; to move, as the fetus in +the womb. + + The heart is the first part that quickens, and the last that dies. + + +Ray. + + And keener lightnings quicken in her eye. + + +Pope. + + When the pale and bloodless east began To quicken to the sun. + + +Tennyson. + +2. To move with rapidity or activity; to become accelerated; as, his +pulse quickened. + +Quick"en*er, n. One who, or that which, quickens. + +Quick"en*ing, n. 1. The act or process of making or of becoming quick. + +2. (Physiol.) The first motion of the fetus in the womb felt by the +mother, occurring usually about the middle of the term of pregnancy. It +has been popularly supposed to be due to the fetus becoming possessed +of independent life. + +Quick"ens (?), n. (Bot.) Quitch grass. + +Quick"en tree` (?). [Probably from quick, and first applied to the +aspen or some tree with quivering leaves; cf. G. quickenbaum, +quizenbaum, quitschenbaum. Cf. Quitch grass.] (Bot.) The European rowan +tree; -- called also quickbeam, and quickenbeam. See Rowan tree. + +Quick"hatch` (?), n. [From the American Indian name.] (Zoˆl.) The +wolverine. + +Quick"lime (?), n. [See Quick, a.] (Chem.) Calcium oxide; unslacked +lime; -- so called because when wet it develops great heat. See 4th +Lime, 2. + +Quick"ly, adv. Speedily; with haste or celerity; soon; without delay; +quick. + +Quick"ness, n. 1. The condition or quality of being quick or living; +life. [Obs.] + + Touch it with thy celestial quickness. + + +Herbert. + +2. Activity; briskness; especially, rapidity of motion; speed; +celerity; as, quickness of wit. + + This deed . . . must send thee hence With fiery quickness. + + +Shak. + + His mind had, indeed, great quickness and vigor. + + +Macaulay. + +3. Acuteness of perception; keen sensibility. + + Would not quickness of sensation be an inconvenience to an animal + that must lie still ? + + +Locke + +4. Sharpness; pungency of taste. Mortimer. + +Syn. -- Velocity; celerity; rapidity; speed; haste; expedition; +promptness; dispatch; swiftness; nimbleness; fleetness; agility; +briskness; liveliness; readiness; sagacity; shrewdness; shrewdness; +sharpness; keenness. + +Quick"sand` (?), n. Sand easily moved or readily yielding to pressure; +especially, a deep mass of loose or moving sand mixed with water, +sometimes found at the mouth of a river or along some coasts, and very +dangerous, from the difficulty of extricating a person who begins +sinking into it. + + Life hath quicksands, -- Life hath snares! + + +Longfellow. + +<! p. 1178 !> + +Quick"-scent`ed (?), a. Acute of smell. + +Quick"set` (?), n. A living plant set to grow, esp. when set for a +hedge; specifically, the hawthorn. + +Quick"set`, a. Made of quickset. + + Dates and pomegranates on the quickset hedges. + + +Walpole. + +Quick"set`, v. t. To plant with living shrubs or trees for a hedge; as, +to quickset a ditch. Mortimer. + +Quick"-sight`ed (?), a. Having quick sight or acute discernment; quick +to see or to discern. Locke. + +--Quick"-sight`ed*ness, n. + +Quick"sil`ver (?), n. [Quick living + silver; -- so called from its +fluidity; cf. G. quecksilber, L. argentum vivum. See Quick, a.] (Chem.) +The metal mercury; -- so called from its resemblance to liquid silver. + +Quicksilver horizon, a mercurial artificial horizon. See under Horizon. +-- Quicksilver water, a solution of mercury nitrate used in artificial +silvering; quick water. + +Quick"sil`vered (?), a. Overlaid with quicksilver, or with an amalgam +of quicksilver and tinfoil. + +Quick"sil`ver*ing (?), n. The mercury and foil on the back of a +looking-glass. + +Quick"step` (?), n. (Mus.) A lively, spirited march; also, a lively +style of dancing. + +Quick"-wit`ted (?), a. Having ready wit Shak. + +Quick"-wit`ted*ness, n. Readiness of wit. "Celtic quick-wittedness." M. +Arnold. + +Quick"work` (?), n. (Naut.) A term somewhat loosely used to denote: (a) +All the submerged section of a vessel's planking. (b) The planking +between the spirketing and the clamps. (c) The short planks between the +portholes. + +Quid (?), n. [See Cud.] A portion suitable to be chewed; a cud; as, a +quid of tobacco. + +Quid, v. t. (Man.) To drop from the mouth, as food when partially +chewed; -- said of horses. Youatt. + +||Qui"dam (?), n. [L.] Somebody; one unknown. Spenser. + +Quid"da*ny (?), n. [L. cydoneum quince juice, quince wine. See Quince.] +A confection of quinces, in consistency between a sirup and marmalade. + +Quid"da*tive (?), a. [See Quiddity.] Constituting, or containing, the +essence of a thing; quidditative. + +Quid"dit (?), n. [Cf. Quiddity, Quillet, and Quibble.] A subtilty; an +equivocation. [Obs.] Shak. + + By some strange quiddit or some wrested clause. + + +Drayton. + +Quid"di*ta*tive (?), a. Quiddative. + +Quid"di*ty (?), n.; pl. Quiddities (#). [LL. quidditas, fr. L. quid +what, neut. of quis who, akin to E. who: cf. F. quidditÈ.] 1. The +essence, nature, or distinctive peculiarity, of a thing; that which +answers the question, Quid est? or, What is it? " The degree of nullity +and quiddity." Bacon. + + The quiddity or characteristic difference of poetry as + distinguished from prose. + + +De Quincey. + +2. A trifling nicety; a cavil; a quibble. + + We laugh at the quiddities of those writers now. + + +Coleridge. + +Quid"dle (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Quiddled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Quiddling (?).] [L. quid what.] To spend time in trifling employments, +or to attend to useful subjects in an indifferent or superficial +manner; to dawdle. + +{ Quid"dle (?), Quid"dler (?), } n. One who wastes his energy about +trifles. Emerson. + +Quid"nunc (?), n. [L., what now?] One who is curious to know everything +that passes; one who knows, or pretends to know, all that is going on. +"The idle stories of quidnuncs." Motley. + +Qui*esce" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Quiesced (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Quiescing (?).] [L. quiescere, akin to quies rest, quiet. See Quiet, a. +& n.] To be silent, as a letter; to have no sound. M. Stuart. + +{ Qui*es"cence (?), Qui*es"cen*cy (?), } n. [L. quiescentia, fr. +quiescens, p. pr.; cf. F. quiestence. See Quiesce.] The state or +quality of being quiescent. "Quiescence, bodily and mental." H. +Spencer. + + Deeds will be done; -- while be boasts his quiescence. + + +R. Browning. + +Qui*es"cent (?), a. [L. quiescens, -entis, p. pr. of quiescere: cf. F. +quiescent. See Quiesce.] 1. Being in a state of repose; at rest; still; +not moving; as, a quiescent body or fluid. + +2. Not ruffed with passion; unagitated; not in action; not excited; +quiet; dormant; resting. + + In times of national security, the feeling of patriotism . . . is + so quiescent that it seems hardly to exist. + + +Prof. Wilson. + +3. (Gram.) Not sounded; silent; as, y is quiescent in "day" and "say." + +Qui*es"cent, n. (Gram.) A silent letter. M. Stuart. + +Qui*es"cent*ly, adv. In a quiescent manner. + +Qui"et (?), a. [Compar. Quieter (?); superl. Quietest.] [L. quietus, p. +p. pf quiescere to rest, keep quiet; akin to quies rest, and prob. to +E. while, n. See While, and cf. Coy, a., Quiesce, Quietus, Quit, a., +Quite, Requiem.] 1. In a state of rest or calm; without stir, motion, +or agitation; still; as, a quiet sea; quiet air. + + They . . . were quiet all the night, saying, In the morning, when + it is day, we shall kill him. + + +Judg. xvi. 2. + +2. Free from noise or disturbance; hushed; still. + +3. Not excited or anxious; calm; peaceful; placid; settled; as, a quiet +life; a quiet conscience. " So quiet and so sweet a style." Shak. + + That son, who on the quiet state of man Such trouble brought. + + +Milton. + +4. Not giving offense; not exciting disorder or trouble; not turbulent; +gentle; mild; meek; contented. + + The ornament of a meek and quiet spirit. + + +1 Pet. iii. 4. + + I will sit as quiet as a lamb. + + +Shak. + +5. Not showy; not such as to attract attention; undemonstrative; as, a +quiet dress; quiet colors; a quiet movement. + +Syn. -- Still; tranquil; calm; unruffled; smooth; unmolested; +undisturbed; placid; peaceful; mild; peaceable; meek; contented. + +Qui"et (?), n. [L. quies, - etis. See Quiet, a.] + +1. The quality or state of being quiet, or in repose; as an hour or a +time of quiet. + +2. Freedom from disturbance, noise, or alarm; stillness; tranquillity; +peace; security. + + And join with thee, calm Peace and Quiet. + + +Milton. + +At quiet, still; peaceful. -- In quiet, quietly. " I will depart in +quiet." Shak. -- Out of quiet, disturbed; restless. [Obs.] "She is much +out of quiet." Shak. + +Qui"et, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Quieted; p. pr. & vb. n. Quieting.] 1. To +stop motion in; to still; to reduce to a state of rest, or of silence. + +2. To calm; to appease; to pacify; to lull; to allay; to tranquillize; +as, to quiet the passions; to quiet clamors or disorders; to quiet pain +or grief. + + Quiet yourselves, I pray, and be at peace. + + +Shak. + +Qui"et, v. i. To become still, silent, or calm; -- often with down; as, +be soon quieted down. + +Qui"et*age (?), n. Quietness. [Obs.] Spenser. + +Qui"et*er (?), n. One who, or that which, quiets. + +Qui"et*ism (?), n. [Cf. F. quiÈtisme.] 1. Peace or tranquillity of +mind; calmness; indifference; apathy; dispassion; indisturbance; +inaction. + +2. (Eccl. Hist.) The system of the Quietists, who maintained that +religion consists in the withdrawal of the mind from worldly interests +and anxieties and its constant employment in the passive contemplation +of God and his attributes. + +Qui"et*ist, n. [Cf. F. quiÈtiste.] (Eccl. Hist.) One of a sect of +mystics originated in the seventeenth century by Molinos, a Spanish +priest living in Rome. See Quietism. + +Qui`et*is"tic (?), a. Of or pertaining to the Quietists, or to +Quietism. + +Qui"et*ly, adv. 1. In a quiet state or manner; without motion; in a +state of rest; as, to lie or sit quietly. + +2. Without tumult, alarm, dispute, or disturbance; peaceably; as, to +live quietly; to sleep quietly. + +3. Calmly, without agitation or violent emotion; patiently; as, to +submit quietly to unavoidable evils. + +4. Noiselessly; silently; without remark or violent movement; in a +manner to attract little or no observation; as, he quietly left the +room. + +Qui"et*ness, n. The quality or state of being quiet; freedom from +noise, agitation, disturbance, or excitement; stillness; tranquillity; +calmness. + + I would have peace and quietness. + + +Shak. + +Qui"et*some (?), a. Calm; still. [Obs.] Spenser. + +Qui"e*tude, n. [L. quietudo: cf. F. quiÈtude.] Rest; repose; quiet; +tranquillity. Shelley. + +Qui*e"tus (?), n. [LL. quietus quit, discharged, L., at rest, quiet, +dead. See Quiet, a., and cf. Quit, a.] Final discharge or acquittance, +as from debt or obligation; that which silences claims; (Fig.) rest; +death. + + When he himself might his quietus make With a bare bodkin. + + +Shak. + +Quill (?), n. [Perhaps fr. F. quille ninepin (see Kayless); but cf. +also G. kiel a quill. MHG. kil, and Ir. cuille a quill.] 1. One of the +large feathers of a bird's wing, or one of the rectrices of the tail; +also, the stock of such a feather. + +2. A pen for writing made by sharpening and splitting the point or nib +of the stock of a feather; as, history is the proper subject of his +quill. Sir H. Wotton. + +3. (Zoˆl.) (a) A spine of the hedgehog or porcupine. (b) The pen of a +squid. See Pen. + +4. (Mus.) (a) The plectrum with which musicians strike the strings of +certain instruments. (b) The tube of a musical instrument. + + He touched the tender stops of various quills. + + +Milton. + +5. Something having the form of a quill; as: (a) The fold or plain of a +ruff. (b) (Weaving) A spindle, or spool, as of reed or wood, upon which +the thread for the woof is wound in a shuttle. (c) (Mach.) A hollow +spindle. + +Quill bit, a bit for boring resembling the half of a reed split +lengthways and having its end sharpened like a gouge. -- Quill driver, +one who works with a pen; a writer; a clerk. [Jocose] -- Quill nib, a +small quill pen made to be used with a holder. Simmonds. + +Quill, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Quilled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Quilling.] 1. +To plaint in small cylindrical ridges, called quillings; as, to quill a +ruffle. + + His cravat seemed quilled into a ruff. + + +Goldsmith. + +2. To wind on a quill, as thread or yarn. Judd. + +Quil*la"ia bark` (?). (Bot.) The bark of a rosaceous tree (Quillaja +Saponaria), native of Chili. The bark is finely laminated, and very +heavy with alkaline substances, and is used commonly by the Chilians +instead of soap. Also called soap bark. + +Quill"back` (?), n. (Zoˆl.) An American fresh-water fish (Ictiobus, or +Carpiodes, cyprinus); -- called also carp sucker, sailfish, spearfish, +and skimback. + +Quilled (?), a. Furnished with quills; also, shaped like quills. "A +sharp-quilled porcupine." Shak. + +Quilled suture (Surg.), a variety of stitch in which the threads after +being passed deeply through the edges of a wound are secured about two +quills or bodies of similar shape, in order to produce a suitable +degree of pressure. + +Quil"let (?), n. [L. quidlibet what you please. Cf. Quiddit, and +Quibble.] Subtilty; nicety; quibble. "Nice, sharp quillets of the law." +Shak. + +Quill"ing (?), n. (a) A band of linen, muslin, or the like, fluted, +folded, or plaited so as somewhat to resemble a row of quills. (b) One +of the rounded plaits or flutings of such a band. + +Quill"wort` (?), n. (Bot.) Any plant or species of the genus Isoetes, +cryptogamous plants with a cluster of elongated four-tubed rushlike +leaves, rising from a corm, and containing spores in their enlarged and +excavated bases. There are about seventeen American species, usually +growing in the mud under still, shallow water. So called from the shape +of the shape of the leaves. + +Quilt (?), n. [OE. quilte, OF. cuilte, L. culcita &?; bed, cushion, +mattress. Cf. 2d Counterpoint, Cushion.] Anything that is quilted; +esp., a quilted bed cover, or a skirt worn by women; any cover or +garment made by putting wool, cotton, etc., between two cloths and +stitching them together; also, any outer bed cover. + + The beds were covered with magnificent quilts. + + +Arbuthnot. + +Quilt, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Quilted; p. pr. & vb. n. Quilting.] 1. To +stitch or sew together at frequent intervals, in order to confine in +place the several layers of cloth and wadding of which a garment, +comforter, etc., may be made; as, to quilt a coat. Dryden. + +2. To wad, as a garment, with warm soft material. + +3. To stitch or sew in lines or patterns. + +Quilt"er (?), n. One who, or that which, quilts. + +Quilt"ing, n. 1. The act of stitching or running in patterns, as in +making a quilt. + +2. A quilting bee. See Bee, 2. + +3. The material used for making quilts. + +4. (Naut.) A coating of strands of rope for a water vessel. + +Quin (?), n. (Zoˆl.) A European scallop (Pecten opercularis), used as +food. [Prov. Eng.] + +Quin*al"dine (?), n. [Quinoline + aldehyde + aniline.] (Chem.) A +colorless liquid of a slightly pungent odor, C9H6N.CH3, first obtained +as a condensation product of aldehyde and aniline, and regarded as a +derivative of quinoline; -- called also methyl quinoline. [Written also +chinaldine.] + +Qui"na*ry (?), a. [L. quinarius, from quini five each, akin to quinque +five: cf. F. quinaire. See Five.] Consisting of five; arranged by +fives. Boyle. + +Quinary system (Zoˆl.), a fanciful classification based on the +hypothesis that each group contains five types. + +Qui"nate (?), a. [L. quini five each.] (Bot.) Growing in sets of five; +-- said especially of leaves composed of five leaflets set at the end +of a common petiole. + +Qui"nate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of quinic acid. [Written also kinate.] + +Quin"a*zol (?), n. [Quinoline + azote.] (Chem.) A complex nitrogenous +base related to cinnoline. [Written also chinazol.] + +Quince (kwns), n. [Prob. a pl. from OE. quyne, coin, OF. coin, cooin, +F. coing, from L. Cydonius a quince tree, as adj., Cydonian, Gr. &?; +Cydonian, &?; &?; a quince, fr. &?; Cydonia, a city in Crete, &?; the +Cydonians. Cf. Quiddany.] 1. The fruit of a shrub (Cydonia vulgaris) +belonging to the same tribe as the apple. It somewhat resembles an +apple, but differs in having many seeds in each carpel. It has hard +flesh of high flavor, but very acid, and is largely used for marmalade, +jelly, and preserves. + +2. (Bot.) a quince tree or shrub. + +Japan quince (Bot.), an Eastern Asiatic shrub (Cydonia, formerly Pyrus, +Japonica) and its very fragrant but inedible fruit. The shrub has very +showy flowers, usually red, but sometimes pink or white, and is much +grown for ornament. -- Quince curculio (Zoˆl.), a small gray and yellow +curculio (Conotrachelus cratÊgi) whose larva lives in quinces. -- +Quince tree (Bot.), the small tree (Cydonia vulgaris) which produces +the quince. + +Quince"wort` (?), n. (Bot.) The squinancy. Called also quinsywort. + +Quinch (?), v. i. [Cf. OD. quincken to quiver, shake, Fries. quink +hovering. Cf. Quich.] To stir; to wince. [Obs.] Spenser. + +Quin*cun"cial (?), [L. quincuncialis, from quincunx. See Quincunx.] + +1. Having the form of a quincunx. + +2. (Bot.) Having the leaves of a pentamerous calyx or corolla so +imbricated that two are exterior, two are interior, and the other has +one edge exterior and one interior; as, quincuncial Êstivation. + +Quincuncial phyllotaxy (Bot.), an arrangement of five leaves in a +spiral, each leaf two fifths of a circle from the next. + +Quin*cun"cial*ly, adv. In the manner or order of a quincunx. + +Quin"cunx (?), n. [L., fr. quinque five + uncia an ounce. The quincunx +was marked by five small spots or balls. See Five, and Ounce the +weight.] 1. An arrangement of things by fives in a square or a +rectangle, one being placed at each corner and one in the middle; +especially, such an arrangement of trees repeated indefinitely, so as +to form a regular group with rows running in various directions. + +2. (Astrol.) The position of planets when distant from each other five +signs, or 150∞. Hutton. + +3. (Bot.) A quincuncial arrangement, as of the parts of a flower in +Êstivation. See Quincuncial, 2. + +Quin*dec"a*gon (?), n. [L. quindecim fifteen + Gr. &?; angle.] (Geom.) +A plane figure with fifteen angles, and consequently fifteen sides. + +||Quin`de*cem"vir (?), n.; pl. E. Quindecemvirs (#), L. Quindecemviri +||(#). [L., from quindecim fifteen + vir a man.] (Rom. Antiq.) One of a +||sacerdotal college of fifteen men whose chief duty was to take care +||of the Sibylline books. + +Quin`de*cem"vi*rate (?), n. [L. quindecimviratus.] The body or office +of the quindecemviri. + +Quin*dec"one (?), n. [L. quindecim fifteen.] (Chem.) An unsaturated +hydrocarbon, C15H26, of the valylene series, produced artificially as +an oily liquid. [Written also quindekone.] + +<! p. 1179 !> + +Quin`de*cyl"ic (?), n. [L. quindecim fifteen + -yl.] (Chem.) Pertaining +to, or designating, an acid of the fatty acid series, containing +fifteen atoms of carbon; called also pentadecylic acid. + +Quin"dem (?), n. A fifteenth part. [Obs.] + +Quin"dism (?), n. A fifteenth. [Obs.] Prynne. + +Quin*hy"drone (?), n. [Quinone + hydroquinone.] (Chem.) A green +crystalline substance formed by the union of quinone with hydroquinone, +or as an intermediate product in the oxidation of hydroquinone or the +reduction of quinone. [Written also chinhydrone.] + +||Quin"i*a (?), n. [NL.] (Chem.) Quinine. + +Quin"i*ble (?), n. [L. quini five each.] (Mus.) An interval of a fifth; +also, a part sung with such intervals. [Obs.] "He sang . . . a loud +quynyble." Chaucer. + +Quin"ic (?), a. [See Quinine, and cf. Kinic.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, +derived from, or connected with, quinine and related compounds; +specifically, designating a nonnitrogenous acid obtained from cinchona +bark, coffee, beans, etc., as a white crystalline substance. [Written +also chinic, kinic.] + +Quin"i*cine (?), n. (Chem.) An uncrystallizable alkaloid obtained by +the action of heat from quinine, with which it is isomeric. + +Quin"i*dine (?), n. (Chem.) An alkaloid isomeric with, and resembling, +quinine, found in certain species of cinchona, from which it is +extracted as a bitter white crystalline substance; conchinine. It is +used somewhat as a febrifuge. [Written also chinidine.] + +Qui"nine (?), n. [F. (cf. Sp. quinina), fr. Sp. quina, or quinaquina, +Peruvian bark, fr. Peruv. kina, quina, bark. Cf. Kinic.] (Chem.) An +alkaloid extracted from the bark of several species of cinchona (esp. +Cinchona Calisaya) as a bitter white crystalline substance, C20H24N2O2. +Hence, by extension (Med.), any of the salts of this alkaloid, as the +acetate, chloride, sulphate, etc., employed as a febrifuge or +antiperiodic. Called also quinia, quinina, etc. [Written also chinine.] + +Qui*nin"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, a nitrogenous +acid obtained as a yellow crystalline substance by the oxidation of +quinine. + +{ Qui"nin*ism (?), Qui"nism (?), } n. (Med.) See Cinchonism. + +Qui*niz"a*rin (?), [Hydroquinone + alizarin.] (Chem.) A yellow +crystalline substance produced artificially. It is isomeric with +alizarin. + +Quin"i*zine (?), n. [Quinoline + hydrazine.] (Chem.) any one of a +series of nitrogenous bases, certain of which are used as antipyretics. + +Quin"nat (?), n. [From the native name.] (Zoˆl.) The California salmon +(Oncorhynchus choicha); -- called also chouicha, king salmon, chinnook +salmon, and Sacramento salmon. It is of great commercial importance. +[Written also quinnet.] + +||Qui*no"a (?), n. The seeds of a kind of goosewort (Chenopodium +||Quinoa), used in Chili and Peru for making porridge or cakes; also, +||food thus made. + +Quin"o*gen (?), n. [Quinine + -gen.] (Chem.) A hypothetical radical of +quinine and related alkaloids. + +Qui*noid"ine (?), n. [Quinine + -oid.] (Med. (Chem.) A brownish +resinous substance obtained as a by-product in the treatment of +cinchona bark. It consists of a mixture of several alkaloids. [Written +also chinoidine.] + +Quin"o*line (?), n. [Quinine + L. oleum oil + -ine.] (Chem.) A +nitrogenous base, C9H7N obtained as a pungent colorless liquid by the +distillation of alkaloids, bones, coal tar, etc. It the nucleus of many +organic bodies, especially of certain alkaloids and related substances; +hence, by extension, any one of the series of alkaloidal bases of which +quinoline proper is the type. [Written also chinoline.] + +Qui*nol"o*gist (?), n. One who is versed in quinology. + +Qui*nol"o*gy (?), n. [Quinine + -logy.] The science which treats of the +cultivation of the cinchona, and of its use in medicine. + +Qui"none (?), n. [Quinine + ketone.] (Chem.) A crystalline substance, +C6H4O2 (called also benzoketone), first obtained by the oxidation of +quinic acid and regarded as a double ketone; also, by extension, any +one of the series of which quinone proper is the type. [Written also +chinone, kinone.] + +Qui*no"vic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, a crystalline +acid obtained from some varieties of cinchona bark. [Written also +chinovic, and kinovic.] + +Qui*no"vin (?), n. [NL. quina nova the tree Cosmibuena magnifolia, +whose bark yields quinovin.] (Chem.) An amorphous bitter glucoside +derived from cinchona and other barks. Called also quinova bitter, and +quinova. [Written also chinovin, and kinovin.] + +Quin*ox"a*line (?), n. [Quinoline + glyoxal.] (Chem.) Any one of a +series of complex nitrogenous bases obtained by the union of certain +aniline derivatives with glyoxal or with certain ketones. [Written also +chinoxaline.] + +Quin*ox"yl (?), n. [Quinone + oxygen + -yl.] (Chem.) The hypothetical +radical of certain quinone derivatives related to rhodizonic acid. + +Qui"noyl (?), n. [Quinone + - yl.] (Chem.) A radical of which quinone +is the hydride, analogous to phenyl. [Written also kinoyl.] + +Quin`qua*ges"i*ma (?), a. [L., fr. quinquagesimus the fiftieth, akin to +quinquaginta fifty, quinque five. See Five.] Fiftieth. + +Quinquagesima Sunday, the Sunday which is the fiftieth day before +Easter, both days being included in the reckoning; -- called also +Shrove Sunday. + +Quin*quan"gu*lar (?), a. [L. quinquanqulus; quinque five + angulus ad +angle: cf. F. quinquangulaire.] Having five angles or corners. + +Quin`quar*tic"u*lar (?), a. [Quinque- + article.] (Theol.) Relating to +the five articles or points; as, the quinquarticular controversy +between Arminians and Calvinists. [Obs.] Bp. Sanderson. + +Quin"que- (?). [L. quinque five. See Five.] A combining form meaning +five, five times, fivefold; as, quinquefid, five-cleft; quinquedentate, +five-toothed. + +Quin"que*an`gled (?), a. [Quinque- + angle.] Having five angles; +quinquangular. + +{ Quin`que*den"tate (?), Quin`que*den"ta*ted (?), } a. [Quinque- + +dentate, - tated: cf. F. quinquÈdentÈ.] Five- toothed; as, a +quinquedentate leaf. + +Quin`que*fa"ri*ous (?), a. [From L. quinque five: cf. F. quinquÈfariÈ. +Cf. Bifarious.] (Bot.) Arranged in five vertical rows; pentastichous. +Gray. + +Quin"que*fid (?), a. [Quique- + the root of L. findere to cleave: cf. +F. quinquÈfide.] (Bot.) Sharply cut about halfway to the middle or base +into five segments; as, a quinquefid leaf or corolla. + +{ Quin`que*fo"li*ate (?), Quin`que*fo"li*a`ted (?), } a. [Quinque- + +foliate, - ated: cf. F. quinquÈfoliÈ, L. quinquefolius.] (Bot.) Having +five leaves or leaflets. Gray. + +Quin`que fo"li*o*late (?), a. (Bot.) Having five leaflets. Gray. + +Quin`que*lit"er*al (?), a. [Quinque- + literal.] Consisting of five +letters. + +{ Quin`que*lo"bate (?), Quin`que*lo"ba*red (?), } a. [Quinque- + +lobate, -ated: cf. F. quinquÈlobÈ.] Cut less than halfway into +portions, usually somewhat rounded; five-lobed; as, a quinquelobate +leaf or corolla. + +Quin"que*lobed` (?), a. [Quinque- + lobe.] Same as Quinquelobate. + +Quin`que*loc"u*lar (?), a. [Quinque- + locular: cf. F. +quinquÈloculaire.] Having five cells or loculi; five-celled; as, a +quinquelocular pericarp. + +Quin"que*nerved` (?), a. [Quinque- + nerve.] (Bot.) Having five +nerves; -- said of a leaf with five nearly equal nerves or ribs rising +from the end of the petiole. + +||Quin`quen*na"li*a (?), n. pl. [L., fr. quinquennalis. See +||Ouinquennial.] (Rom. Antiq.) Public games celebrated every five +||years. + +Quin*quen"ni*al (?), a. [L. quinquennalis and quinquennis; quinque five ++ annus year. See Five, and cf. Biennial.] Occurring once in five +years, or at the end of every five years; also, lasting five years. A +quinquennial event. + +Quin*quen"ni*um (?), n. [L.] Space of five years. + +Quin*quep"ar*tite (?), a. [L. quinquepartitus; quinque five + partitus, +p. p. of partire to divide: cf. F. quinquÈpartite.] + +1. Consisting of five parts. + +2. (Bot.) Divided into five parts almost to the base. + +Quin"que*reme (?), n. [L. quinqueremis; quinque five + remus an oar: +cf. F. quinquÈrËme] A galley having five benches or banks of oars; as, +an Athenian quinquereme. + +Quin"que*syl`la*ble (?), n. [Quinque- + syllable.] A word of five +syllables. + +{ Quin"que*valve (?), Quin`que*val"vu*lar (?), } a. [Quinque- + valve, +valvular: cf. F. quinquÈvalve.] (Bot.) Having five valves, as a +pericarp. + +||Quin"que*vir (?), n.; pl; E. Quinquevirs (#), L. Quinqueviri (#). +||[L., fr. quinque Five + vir man.] (Bot. Antiq.) One of five +||commissioners appointed for some special object. + +||Quin*qui"na (?), n. [NL. & F. See Quinine.] Peruvian bark. + +Quin*quiv"a*lent (?), a. [Quinque- + L. valens, -entis, p. pr. See +Valence.] (Chem.) Same as Pentavalent. + +Quin"sy (?), n. [Contr. fr. squinancy, F. esquinancie, L. cynanche a +sort of sore throat, Gr. &?; sore throat, dog quinsy, fr. &?; dog + &?; +to choke; cf. also L. synanche sore throat, Gr. &?;. Cf. Hound, Anger, +and Cynanche.] (Med.) An inflammation of the throat, or parts adjacent, +especially of the fauces or tonsils, attended by considerable swelling, +painful and impeded deglutition, and accompanied by inflammatory fever. +It sometimes creates danger of suffocation; -- called also squinancy, +and squinzey. + +Quint (?), n. [F. quinte, fr. L. quintus, quinta, the fifth, quinque +five. See Five.] 1. A set or sequence of five, as in piquet. + +2. (Mus.) The interval of a fifth. + +Quin"tain (?), n. [F. quintaine, LL. quintana; cf. W. chwintan a kind +of hymeneal game.] An object to be tilted at; -- called also quintel. +[Written also quintin.] + +A common form in the Middle Ages was an upright post, on the top of +which turned a crosspiece, having on one end a broad board, and on the +other a sand bag. The endeavor was to strike the board with the lance +while riding under, and get away without being hit by the sand bag. +"But a quintain, a mere lifeless block." Shak. + +Quin"tal (?), n. [F., fr. Sp. quintal, fr. Ar. qintar a weight of 100 +lbs., prob. fr. L. centenarius consisting of a hundred, fr. centeni a +hundred each, fr. centum a hundred. See Hundred, and cf. Kentle.] 1. A +hundredweight, either 112 or 100 pounds, according to the scale used. +Cf. Cental. [Sometimes written and pronounced kentle.] + +2. A metric measure of weight, being 100,000 grams, or 100 kilograms, +equal to 220.46 pounds avoirdupois. + +Quin"tan (?), a. [L. quintanus, fr. quintus fifth, quinque five. See +Five.] Occurring as the fifth, after four others also, occurring every +fifth day, reckoning inclusively; as, a quintan fever. -- n. (Med.) An +intermittent fever which returns every fifth day, reckoning +inclusively, or in which the intermission lasts three days. + +Quin"tel (?), n. See Quintain. + +Quin*tes"sence (?), n. [F., fr. L. quinta essentia fifth essence. See +Quint, and Essence.] 1. The fifth or last and highest essence or power +in a natural body. See Ferment oils, under Ferment. [Obs.] + +The ancient Greeks recognized four elements, fire, air, water, and +earth. The Pythagoreans added a fifth and called it nether, the fifth +essence, which they said flew upward at creation and out of it the +stars were made. The alchemists sometimes considered alcohol, or the +ferment oils, as the fifth essence. + +2. Hence: An extract from anything, containing its rarest virtue, or +most subtle and essential constituent in a small quantity; pure or +concentrated essence. + + Let there be light, said God; and forthwith light Ethereal, first + of things, quintessence pure, Sprung from the deep. + + +Milton. + +Quin*tes"sence, v. t. To distil or extract as a quintessence; to reduce +to a quintessence. [R.] Stirling. "Truth quintessenced and raised to +the highest power." J. A. Symonds. + +Quin`tes*sen"tial (?), a. Of the nature of a quintessence; purest. +"Quintessential extract of mediocrity." G. Eliot. + +{ Quin*tet", Quin*tette" } (?), n. [It. quintetto, dim. of quinto the +fifth, a fifth part, from L. quintus the fifth: cf. F. quintette. See +Quint.] (Mus.) A composition for five voices or instruments; also, the +set of five persons who sing or play five-part music. + +Quin"tic (?), a. [L. quintus fifth, fr. quinque five.] (Alg.) Of the +fifth degree or order. -- n. (Alg.) A quantic of the fifth degree. See +Quantic. + +Quin"tile (?), n. [F. quintil aspect, fr. L. quintus the fifth.] +(Astron.) The aspect of planets when separated the fifth part of the +zodiac, or 72∞. Hutton. + +Quin*till"lion (?), n. [Formed fr. L. quintus the fifth, after the +analogy of million: cf. F. quintillion. See Quint.] According to the +French notation, which is used on the Continent and in America, the +cube of a million, or a unit with eighteen ciphers annexed; according +to the English notation, a number produced by involving a million to +the fifth power, or a unit with thirty ciphers annexed. See the Note +under Numeration. + +Quin"tin (?), n. See Quintain. + +Quin"tine (?), n. [L. quintus the fifth: cf. F. quintine.] (Bot.) The +embryonic sac of an ovule, sometimes regarded as an innermost fifth +integument. Cf. Quartine, and Tercine. + +Quin"tole (?), n. [It. quinto fifth.] (Mus.) A group of five notes to +be played or sung in the time of four of the same species. + +Quin"tu*ple (?), a. [L. quintus fifth: cf. F. quintuple, L. quintuplex. +Cf. Quadruple.] Multiplied by five; increased to five times the amount; +fivefold. + +Quintuple time (Mus.), a time having five beats in a measure. It is +seldom used. + +Quin"tu*ple, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Quintupled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Quintupling.] [Cf. F. quintupler.] To make fivefold, or five times as +much or many. + +{ Quit"tu*ple-nerved` (?), Quin"tu*ple-ribbed` (?), } a. (Bot.) The +same as Quinquenerved. + +Quin"zaine (?), n. [F., from quinze fifteen, L. quindecim. See +Fifteen.] The fifteenth day after a feast day, including both in the +reckoning. [Written also quinzain.] + +Quinze (?), n. [F.] A game at cards in which the object is to make +fifteen points. + +Quip (?), n. [Cf. W. chwip a quick flirt or turn, chwipio to whip, to +move briskly, and E. whip. Cf. Quib, Quibble.] A smart, sarcastic turn +or jest; a taunt; a severe retort; a gibe. + + Quips, and cranks, and wanton wiles. + + +Milton. + + He was full of joke and jest, But all his merry quips are o'er. + + +Tennyson. + +Quip, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Quipped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Quipping (?).] +To taunt; to treat with quips. + + The more he laughs, and does her closely quip. + + +Spenser. + +Quip, v. i. To scoff; to use taunts. Sir H. Sidney. + +Qui"po (?), n. Same as Quipu. + +||Qui"pu (?), n.; pl. Quipus (#). [Peruv. quipu a knot.] A contrivance +||employed by the ancient Peruvians, Mexicans, etc., as a substitute +||for writing and figures, consisting of a main cord, from which hung +||at certain distances smaller cords of various colors, each having a +||special meaning, as silver, gold, corn, soldiers. etc. Single, +||double, and triple knots were tied in the smaller cords, representing +||definite numbers. It was chiefly used for arithmetical purposes, and +||to register important facts and events. [Written also quipo.] Tylor. + + The mysterious science of the quipus . . . supplied the Peruvians + with the means of communicating their ideas to one another, and of + transmitting them to future generations. + + +Prescott. + +Quir"boil*ly` (kwr"boi*l`), n. [OE. cuir bouilli.] Leather softened by +boiling so as to take any required shape. Upon drying, it becomes +exceedingly hard, and hence was formerly used for armor. [Obs.] "His +jambeux were of quyrboilly." Chaucer. + +Quire (kwr), n. See Choir. [Obs.] Spenser. + + A quire of such enticing birds. + + +Shak. + +Quire, v. i. To sing in concert. [R.] Shak. + +<! p. 1180 pr=vmg !> + +Quire (kwr), n. [OE. quaer, quair, OF. quayer, cayer, caÔer, F. cahier, +a book of loose sheets, a quarter of a quire, LL. quaternus, quaternum, +sheets of paper packed together, properly, four together, fr. L. +quaterni four each, by fours, quattuor four. See Four, and cf. Cahier.] +A collection of twenty-four sheets of paper of the same size and +quality, unfolded or having a single fold; one twentieth of a ream. + +Quir"is*ter (kwr"s*tr), n. [See Quire, Chorister.] A chorister. See +Chorister. [R.] Thomson. + +Quir`i*ta"tion (kwr`*t"shn), n. [L. quiritatio, fr. quiritare to raise +a plaintive cry, v. freq. fr. queri to complain.] A crying for help. +[Obs.] Bp. Hall. + +Qui"rite (kw"rt), n. One of the Quirites. + +||Qui*ri"tes (kw*r"tz), n. pl. [L., fr. Cures, a Sabine town.] (Rom. +||Antiq.) Roman citizens. + +After the Sabines and Romans had united themselves into one community, +under Romulus, the name of Quirites was taken in addition to that of +Romani, the Romans calling themselves in a civil capacity Quirites, +while in a political and military capacity they retained the name of +Romani. Andrews. + +Quirk (kwrk), n. [Written also querk.] [Cf. W. chwiori to turn briskly, +or E. queer.] 1. A sudden turn; a starting from the point or line; +hence, an artful evasion or subterfuge; a shift; a quibble; as, the +quirks of a pettifogger. "Some quirk or . . . evasion." Spenser. + + We ground the justification of our nonconformity on dark subtilties + and intricate quirks. + + +Barrow. + +2. A fit or turn; a short paroxysm; a caprice. [Obs.] "Quirks of joy +and grief." Shak. + +3. A smart retort; a quibble; a shallow conceit. + + Some odd quirks and remnants of wit. + + +Shak. + +4. An irregular air; as, light quirks of music. Pope. + +5. (Building) A piece of ground taken out of any regular ground plot or +floor, so as to make a court, yard, etc.; -- sometimes written quink. +Gwilt. + +6. (Arch.) A small channel, deeply recessed in proportion to its width, +used to insulate and give relief to a convex rounded molding. + +Quirk molding, a bead between two quirks. + +Quirked (kwrkt), a. Having, or formed with, a quirk or quirks. + +Quirk"ish (kwrk"sh), a. Consisting of quirks; resembling a quirk. +Barrow. + +Quirk"y (-), a. Full of quirks; tricky; as, a quirky lawyer. + +Quirl (kwrl), n. & v. See Querl. + +Quir"pele (kwr"pl), n. [Tamil krippiai.] (Zoˆl.) The Indian ferret. + +Quirt (kwrt), n. A rawhide whip plaited with two thongs of buffalo +hide. T. Roosevelt. + +Quish (kwsh), n. See Cuish. + +Quit (kwt), n. (Zoˆl.) Any one of numerous species of small passerine +birds native of tropical America. See Banana quit, under Banana, and +Guitguit. + +Quit (kwt), a. [OE. quite, OF. quite, F. quitte. See Quit, v., Quiet.] +Released from obligation, charge, penalty, etc.; free; clear; absolved; +acquitted. Chaucer. + + The owner of the ox shall be quit. + + +Ex. xxi. 28. + +This word is sometimes used in the form quits, colloquially; as, to be +quits with one, that is, to have made mutual satisfaction of demands +with him; to be even with him; hence, as an exclamation: Quits! we are +even, or on equal terms. "To cry quits with the commons in their +complaints." Fuller. + +Quit, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Quit or Quitted; p. pr. & vb. n. Quitting.] +[OE. quiten, OF. quiter, quitier, cuitier, F. quitter, to acquit, quit, +LL. quietare, fr. L. quietare to calm, to quiet, fr. quietus quiet. See +Quiet, a., and cf. Quit, a., Quite, Acquit, Requite.] 1. To set at +rest; to free, as from anything harmful or oppressive; to relieve; to +clear; to liberate. [R.] + + To quit you of this fear, you have already looked Death in the + face; what have you found so terrible in it? + + +Wake. + +2. To release from obligation, accusation, penalty, or the like; to +absolve; to acquit. + + There may no gold them quyte. + + +Chaucer. + + God will relent, and quit thee all his debt. + + +Milton. + +3. To discharge, as an obligation or duty; to meet and satisfy, as a +claim or debt; to make payment for or of; to requite; to repay. + + The blissful martyr quyte you your meed. + + +Chaucer. + + Enkindle all the sparks of nature To quit this horrid act. + + +Shak. + + Before that judge that quits each soul his hire. + + +Fairfax. + +4. To meet the claims upon, or expectations entertained of; to conduct; +to acquit; -- used reflexively. + + Be strong, and quit yourselves like men. + + +1 Sam. iv. 9. + + Samson hath quit himself Like Samson. + + +Milton. + +5. To carry through; to go through to the end. [Obs.] + + Never worthy prince a day did quit With greater hazard and with + more renown. + + +Daniel. + +6. To have done with; to cease from; to stop; hence, to depart from; to +leave; to forsake; as, to quit work; to quit the place; to quit +jesting. + + Such a superficial way of examining is to quit truth for + appearance. + + +Locke. + +To quit cost, to pay; to reimburse. -- To quit scores, to make even; to +clear mutually from demands. + + Does not the earth quit scores with all the elements in the noble + fruits that issue from it? + + +South. + +Syn. -- To leave; relinquish; resign; abandon; forsake; surrender; +discharge; requite. -- Quit, Leave. Leave is a general term, signifying +merely an act of departure; quit implies a going without intention of +return, a final and absolute abandonment. + +Quit, v. i. To go away; to depart; to stop doing a thing; to cease. + +Quitch (kwch), n. 1. (Bot.) Same as Quitch grass. + +2. Figuratively: A vice; a taint; an evil. + + To pick the vicious quitch Of blood and custom wholly out of him. + + +Tennyson. + +Quitch" grass` (kwch" grs`). [Properly quick grass, being probably so +called from its vigorous growth, or from its tenacity of life. See +Quick, and cf. Couch grass.] (Bot.) A perennial grass (Agropyrum +repens) having long running rootstalks, by which it spreads rapidly and +pertinaciously, and so becomes a troublesome weed. Also called couch +grass, quack grass, quick grass, twitch grass. See Illustration in +Appendix. + +Quit"claim` (kwt"klm`), n. [Quit, a. + claim.] (Law) A release or +relinquishment of a claim; a deed of release; an instrument by which +some right, title, interest, or claim, which one person has, or is +supposed to have, in or to an estate held by himself or another, is +released or relinquished, the grantor generally covenanting only +against persons who claim under himself. + +Quit"claim`, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Quitclaimed (-klmd`); p. pr. & vb. n. +Quitclaiming.] (Law) To release or relinquish a claim to; to release a +claim to by deed, without covenants of warranty against adverse and +paramount titles. + +Quite (kwt), v. t. & i. See Quit. [Obs.] Chaucer. + +Quite (kwt), adv. [F. quitte discharged, free, clear; cf. OF. quitement +freely, frankly, entirely. See Quit, a.] + +1. Completely; wholly; entirely; totally; perfectly; as, the work is +not quite done; the object is quite accomplished; to be quite mistaken. + + Man shall not quite be lost, but saved who will. + + +Milton. + + The same actions may be aimed at different ends, and arise from + quite contrary principles. + + +Spectator. + +2. To a great extent or degree; very; very much; considerably. "Quite +amusing." Macaulay. + + He really looks quite concerned. + + +Landor. + + The island stretches along the land and is quite close to it. + + +Jowett (Thucyd. ). + +Quit"ly (kwt"l), adv. Quite. [Obs.] Chaucer. + +Quit"rent` (kwt"rnt`), n. [Quit, a. + rent.] (Law) A rent reserved in +grants of land, by the payment of which the tenant is quit from other +service. Blackstone. + +In some of the United States a fee-farm rent is so termed. Burrill. + +Quits (kwts), interj. See the Note under Quit, a. + +Quit"ta*ble (kwt"t*b'l), a. Capable of being quitted. + +Quit"tal (-tal), n. Return; requital; quittance. [Obs.] + +Quit"tance (-tans), n. [OE. quitaunce, OF. quitance, F. quittance. See +Quit, v. t.] 1. Discharge from a debt or an obligation; acquittance. + + Omittance is no quittance. + + +Shak. + +2. Recompense; return; repayment. [Obs.] Shak. + +Quit"tance, v. t. To repay; to requite. [Obs.] Shak. + +Quit"ter (-tr), n. 1. One who quits. + +2. A deliverer. [Obs.] Ainsworth. + +Quit"tor (-tr), n. [Perhaps for quitture.] (Far.) A chronic abscess, or +fistula of the coronet, in a horse's foot, resulting from inflammation +of the tissues investing the coffin bone. + +Quit"ture (-tr; 135), n. A discharge; an issue. [Obs.] + + To cleanse the quitture from thy wound. + + +Chapman. + +Quiv"er (kwv"r), a. [Akin to AS. cwiferlice anxiously; cf. OD. kuiven, +kuiveren. Cf. Quaver.] Nimble; active. [Obs.] " A little quiver +fellow." Shak. + +Quiv"er, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Quivered (-rd); p. pr. & vb. n. +Quivering.] [Cf. Quaver.] To shake or move with slight and tremulous +motion; to tremble; to quake; to shudder; to shiver. + + The green leaves quiver with the cooling wind. + + +Shak. + + And left the limbs still quivering on the ground. + + +Addison. + +Quiv"er, n. The act or state of quivering; a tremor. + +Quiv"er, n. [OF. cuivre, cuevre, coivre, LL. cucurum, fr. OHG. chohhri +quiver, receptacle, G. kˆcher quiver; akin to AS. cocor, cocur, cocer, +D. koker. Cf. Cocker a high shoe.] A case or sheath for arrows to be +carried on the person. + + Beside him hung his bow And quiver, with three-bolted thunder + stored. + + +Milton. + +Quiv"ered (-rd), a. 1. Furnished with, or carrying, a quiver. "Like a +quivered nymph with arrows keen." Milton. + +2. Sheathed, as in a quiver. "Whose quills stand quivered at his ear." +Pope. + +Quiv"er*ing*ly (-r*ng*l), adv. With quivering motion. + +||Qui` vive" (k` vv"). [F., fr. qui who + vive, pres. subj. of vivre to +||live.] The challenge of a French sentinel, or patrol; -- used like +||the English challenge: "Who comes there?" + +To be on the qui vive, to be on guard; to be watchful and alert, like a +sentinel. + +Quix*ot"ic (kwks*t"k), a. Like Don Quixote; romantic to extravagance; +absurdly chivalric; apt to be deluded. "Feats of quixotic gallantry." +Prescott. + +Quix*ot"ic*al*ly (-*kal*l), adv. In a quixotic way. + +Quix"ot*ism (kwks"t*z'm), n. That form of delusion which leads to +extravagant and absurd undertakings or sacrifices in obedience to a +morbidly romantic ideal of duty or honor, as illustrated by the +exploits of Don Quixote in knight-errantry. + +Quix"ot*ry (-r), n. Quixotism; visionary schemes. + +Quiz (kwz), n. [It is said that Daly, the manager of a Dublin +playhouse, laid a wager that a new word of no meaning should be the +common talk and puzzle of the city in twenty-four hours. In consequence +of this the letters q u i z were chalked by him on all the walls of +Dublin, with an effect that won the wager. Perhaps, however, originally +a variant of whiz, and formerly the name of a popular game.] 1. A +riddle or obscure question; an enigma; a ridiculous hoax. + +2. One who quizzes others; as, he is a great quiz. + +3. An odd or absurd fellow. Smart. Thackeray. + +4. An exercise, or a course of exercises, conducted as a coaching or as +an examination. [Cant, U.S.] + +Quiz (kwz), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Quizzed (kwzd); p. pr. & vb. n. +Quizzing (-zng).] 1. To puzzle; to banter; to chaff or mock with +pretended seriousness of discourse; to make sport of, as by obscure +questions. + + He quizzed unmercifully all the men in the room. + + +Thackeray. + +2. To peer at; to eye suspiciously or mockingly. + +3. To instruct in or by a quiz. See Quiz, n., 4. [U.S.] + +Quizzing glass, a small eyeglass. + +Quiz, v. i. To conduct a quiz. See Quiz, n., 4. [U.S.] + +Quiz"zer (-zr), n. One who quizzes; a quiz. + +Quiz"zic*al (-z*kal), a. Relating to quizzing; given to quizzing; of +the nature of a quiz; farcical; sportive. + +-- Quiz"zic*al*ly, adv. + +Quiz"zism (-zz'm), n. The act or habit of quizzing. + +Quob (kwb), v. i. [Cf. Quaver.] [Written also quop and quab.] To throb; +to quiver. [Local & Vulgar] + +Quod (kwd), n. [For quad, abbrev. of quadrangle.] A quadrangle or +court, as of a prison; hence, a prison. [Slang] "Flogged or whipped in +quod." T. Hughes. + +Quod, v. Quoth; said. See Quoth. [Obs.] + + "Let be," quod he, "it shall not be." + + +Chaucer. + +Quod"dies (kwd"dz), n. pl. Herring taken and cured or smoked near +Quoddy Head, Maine, or near the entrance of Passamaquoddy Bay. + +||Quod"li*bet (-l*bt), n. [L., what you please.] + +1. A nice point; a subtilty; a debatable point. + + These are your quodlibets, but no learning. + + +P. Fletcher. + +2. (Mus.) A medley improvised by several performers. + +Quod`lib*e*ta"ri*an (- lb**t"r*an), n. One who discusses any subject at +pleasure. + +Quod`li*bet"ic*al (- l*bt"*kal), a. Not restricted to a particular +subject; discussed for curiosity or entertainment. -- +Quod`li*bet"ic*al*ly, adv. + +Quoif (kwoif or koif), n. & v. t. See Coif. Shak. + +Quoif"fure (kwoif"fr or koif"-), n. See Coiffure. + +Quoil (kwoil or koil), n. See Coil. [Obs.] + +Quoin (kwoin or koin; 277), n. [See Coin, and cf. Coigne.] 1. (Arch.) +Originally, a solid exterior angle, as of a building; now, commonly, +one of the selected pieces of material by which the corner is marked. + +In stone, the quoins consist of blocks larger than those used in the +rest of the building, and cut to dimension. In brickwork, quoins +consist of groups or masses of brick laid together, and in a certain +imitation of quoins of stone. + +2. A wedgelike piece of stone, wood, metal, or other material, used for +various purposes; as: (a) (Masonry) To support and steady a stone. (b) +(Gun.) To support the breech of a cannon. (c) (Print.) To wedge or lock +up a form within a chase. (d) (Naut.) To prevent casks from rolling. + +Hollow quoin. See under Hollow. - - Quoin post (Canals), the post of a +lock gate which abuts against the wall. + +Quoit (kwoit or koit), n. [OE. coite; cf. OF. coitier to spur, press, +(assumed) LL. coctare, fr. L. coquere, coctum, to cook, burn, vex, +harass, E. cook, also W. coeten a quoit.] 1. (a) A flattened +ring-shaped piece of iron, to be pitched at a fixed object in play; +hence, any heavy flat missile used for the same purpose, as a stone, +piece of iron, etc. (b) pl. A game played with quoits. Shak. + +2. The discus of the ancients. See Discus. + +3. A cromlech. [Prov. Eng.] J. Morley. + +Quoit, v. i. To throw quoits; to play at quoits. + + To quoit, to run, and steeds and chariots drive. + + +Dryden. + +Quoit, v. t. To throw; to pitch. [Obs. or R.] Shak. + +Quoke (kwk), obs. imp. of Quake. Chaucer. + +Quoll (kwl), n. (Zoˆl.) A marsupial of Australia (Dasyurus macrurus), +about the size of a cat. + +Quon"dam (kwn"dm), a. [L., formerly.] Having been formerly; former; +sometime. "This is the quondam king." Shak. + +Quon"dam, n. A person dismissed or ejected from a position. [R.] "Make +them quondams; . . . cast them out of their office." Latimer. + +Quook (kwk), imp. of Quake. [Obs.] Spenser. + +Quop (kwp), v. i. See Quob. + +Quo"rum (kw"rm), n. [L., of whom, gen. pl. of qui who, akin to E. who. +See the Note below.] Such a number of the officers or members of any +body as is competent by law or constitution to transact business; as, a +quorum of the House of Representatives; a constitutional quorum was not +present. + +The term arose from the Latin words, Quorum aliquem vestrum . . . unum +esse volumus (of whom we wish some one of you to be one), which were +used in the commission formerly issued to justices of the peace in +England, by which commission it was directed that no business of +certain kinds should be done without the presence of one or more of +certain justices specially designated. Justice of the peace and of the +quorum designates a class of justices of the peace in some of the +United States. + +Quo"ta (kw"t), n. [LL., fr. L. quota (sc. pars), fr. quotus which or +what in number, of what number, how many, fr. quot how many, akin to +quis, qui, who: cf. It. quota a share. See Who.] A proportional part or +share; the share or proportion assigned to each in a division. "Quota +of troops and money." Motley. + +Quot"a*ble (kwt"*b'l), a. Capable or worthy of being quoted; as, a +quotable writer; a quotable sentence. + +-- Quot`a*bil"i*ty (-bl"*t), n. Poe. + +Quo*ta"tion (kw*t"shn), n. [From Quote.] 1. The act of quoting or +citing. + +2. That which is quoted or cited; a part of a book or writing named, +repeated, or adduced as evidence or illustration. Locke. + +<! p. 1181 pr=vmg !> + +3. (Com.) The naming or publishing of the current price of stocks, +bonds, or any commodity; also, the price named. + +4. Quota; share. [Obs.] + +5. (Print.) A piece of hollow type metal, lower than type, and +measuring two or more pica ems in length and breadth, used in the blank +spaces at the beginning and end of chapters, etc. + +Quotation marks (Print.), two inverted commas placed at the beginning, +and two apostrophes at the end, of a passage quoted from an author in +his own words. + +Quo*ta"tion*ist (kw*t"shn*st), n. One who makes, or is given to making, +quotations. + + The narrow intellectuals of quotationists. + + +Milton. + +Quote (kwt), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Quoted; p. pr. & vb. n. Quoting.] [OF. +quoter, F. coter to letter, number, to quote, LL. quotare to divide +into chapters and verses, fr. L. quotus. See Quota.] [Formerly written +also cote.] 1. To cite, as a passage from some author; to name, repeat, +or adduce, as a passage from an author or speaker, by way of authority +or illustration; as, to quote a passage from Homer. + +2. To cite a passage from; to name as the authority for a statement or +an opinion; as, to quote Shakespeare. + +3. (Com.) To name the current price of. + +4. To notice; to observe; to examine. [Obs.] Shak. + +5. To set down, as in writing. [Obs.] "He's quoted for a most +perfidious slave." Shak. + +Syn. -- To cite; name; adduce; repeat. -- Quote, Cite. To cite was +originally to call into court as a witness, etc., and hence denotes +bringing forward any thing or person as evidence. Quote usually +signifies to reproduce another's words; it is also used to indicate an +appeal to some one as an authority, without adducing his exact words. + +Quote (kwt), n. A note upon an author. [Obs.] Cotgrave. + +Quot"er (-r), n. One who quotes the words of another. + +Quoth (kwth or kwth), v. t. [AS. cwean, imp. cwÊ, pl. cwdon; akin to +OS. quean, OHG. quethan, quedan, Icel. kvea, Goth. qi˛an. √22. +Cf. Bequeath.] Said; spoke; uttered; -- used only in the first and +third persons in the past tenses, and always followed by its +nominative, the word or words said being the object: as, quoth I, quoth +he. "Let me not live, quoth he." Shak. + +Quoth"a (-), interj. [For quoth 'a said he, 'a being corrupted from +he.] Indeed; forsooth. + + To affront the blessed hillside drabs and thieves With mended + morals, quotha, -- fine new lives ! + + +Mrs. Browning. + +Quo*tid"i*an (kw*td"*an), a. [OE. cotidian, L. quotidianus, fr. +quotidie daily; quotus how many + dies day: cf. OF. cotidien, F. +quotidien. See Quota, Deity.] Occurring or returning daily; as, a +quotidian fever. + +Quo*tid"i*an (kw*td"*an), n. Anything returning daily; especially +(Med.), an intermittent fever or ague which returns every day. Milton. + +Quo"tient (kw"shent), n. [F., fr. L. quoties how often, how many times, +fr. quot how many. See Quota.] + +1. (Arith.) The number resulting from the division of one number by +another, and showing how often a less number is contained in a greater; +thus, the quotient of twelve divided by four is three. + +2. (Higher Alg.) The result of any process inverse to multiplication. +See the Note under Multiplication. + +Quo*ti"e*ty (kw*t"*t), n. [L. quotus of what number, quot how many.] +(Scholastic Philos.) The relation of an object to number. +Krauth-Fleming. + +Quo"tum (kw"tm), n. [NL., fr. L. quotus of what number. See Quota.] +Part or proportion; quota. [R.] "A very small quotum." Max M¸ller. + +||Quo` war*ran"to (kw` wr*rn"t). [So called from the Law L. words quo +||warranto (by what authority), in the original Latin form of the writ. +||See Which, and Warrant.] (Law) A writ brought before a proper +||tribunal, to inquire by what warrant a person or a corporation acts, +||or exercises certain powers. Blackstone. + +An information in the nature of a quo warranto is now common as a +substitute for the writ. Wharton. + +Qu*ran" (k*r‰n"), n. See Koran. + +*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 666 *** |