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+This eBook, including all associated images, markup, improvements,
+metadata, and any other content or labor, has been confirmed to be
+in the PUBLIC DOMAIN IN THE UNITED STATES.
+
+Procedures for determining public domain status are described in
+the "Copyright How-To" at https://www.gutenberg.org.
+
+No investigation has been made concerning possible copyrights in
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+Project Gutenberg (https://www.gutenberg.org) public repository for
+eBook #66551 (https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/66551)
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-The Project Gutenberg eBook of The Little Review, October 1915 (Vol.
-2, No. 7), by Various
-
-This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and
-most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions
-whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms
-of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at
-www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you
-will have to check the laws of the country where you are located before
-using this eBook.
-
-Title: The Little Review, October 1915 (Vol. 2, No. 7)
-
-Author: Various
-
-Editor: Margaret C. Anderson
-
-Release Date: October 17, 2021 [eBook #66551]
-
-Language: English
-
-Produced by: Jens Sadowski and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team
- at http://www.pgdp.net. This book was produced from images
- made available by the Modernist Journal Project, Brown and
- Tulsa Universities.
-
-*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE LITTLE REVIEW, OCTOBER
-1915 (VOL. 2, NO. 7) ***
-
-
-
-
-
- THE LITTLE REVIEW
-
-
- Literature Drama Music Art
-
- MARGARET C. ANDERSON
- EDITOR
-
- OCTOBER, 1915
-
- Songs and Sketches Ben Hecht
- The Dionysian Dreiser “The Scavenger”
- Leather Lane Mitchell Dawson
- Etchings Alexander S. Kaun
- The Truth Burt Harris
- Romain Rolland Ellen Key
- Poems— Witter Bynner
- I Shall Come to You Again
- Sicilia
- Christian
- Marriage
- A Glimpse at Russia, An Editorial
- Sophomoric Epigrams A. E. D.
- Henri and Manship C. A. Z.
- The Reader Critic
-
- Published Monthly
-
- 15 cents a copy
-
- MARGARET C. ANDERSON, Publisher
- Fine Arts Building
- CHICAGO
-
- $1.50 a year
-
- Entered as second-class matter at Postoffice, Chicago
-
-
-
-
- THE LITTLE REVIEW
-
-
- Vol. II
-
- OCTOBER, 1915
-
- No. 7
-
- Copyright, 1915, by Margaret C. Anderson
-
-
-
-
- Songs and Sketches
-
-
- BEN HECHT
-
-
- I.
-
-
- Night
-
-Who hath not sung to thee, Night? So silent; so deep. But this night
-thou hast given thyself to me. Thy black wings brush silently against my
-soul.
-
-Thou hast come to me, for I feel thee resting like a soft sorrow on my
-heart.
-
-Thou who art alive with the shadowed wounds of ages hast heard me crying
-out to embrace thee, my soul beseeching thee to fold me against thy
-black bosom. And in answer thou hast let the mysticism of thy
-wonder-gloom sink into me until my soul hath opened to receive its kiss.
-
-Tonight no one but I shall sing to thee. For thou art my mistress. Thy
-blackness and mine have wedded. And now thy dark kiss stingeth like a
-pain in me.
-
-Into thy long arms I give myself. Night, Night, thou art so filled with
-longing. I hear the soft lament of thy deep heart murmuring to me.
-
-Thy dim fingers trail across my face in a blind caress.
-
-I feel thy yielding body that is spirit more than my spirit behind the
-somber veils thou wearest. I possess thee and our sorrows swell into an
-ecstacy.
-
-Night, thou art the beautiful shadow thrown upon the earth by my sorrow.
-
-I have carried thee a buried miracle in my soul of souls until this
-hour—when thou hast taken wings and flown out of me to confront me.
-
-Night, my Night, let me enter now into thy darkness until all life beats
-in vain outside the obscurity of my soul. I would vanish from myself.
-
-Night, my somber mistress, upon thy face my tears shine as stars and
-make thee more beautiful.
-
-Night, thou art infinity revealed. I will stir thy ancient fires on thy
-cold lips until thou willst thunder to me with thy hidden voices out of
-thy vast silence.
-
-Night, I open my heart to hear but I hear only my heart crying out.
-Speak.
-
-Beautiful one, I sing to thee for bringing me the madness of silence. I
-sing to thee, for thou art mine; for thou art fierce and pregnant with
-still wounds.
-
-Night. Behold! I know thee. I have seen the black flames of thy spirit
-that burn in the depths of thee. I have heard the murmuring music of thy
-tears.
-
-Thou art glorious. Come. Come, thou and I shall make of our sorrow
-rejoicing. Come, place thy long, cool fingers in mine and lead me
-beyond.
-
-Night! Night! Thy face is paling. Thou art stricken. Thou art treading
-silently away without me.
-
-Night—thou hast taken from me the pain of thy kisses. There hath come
-into thy deep eyes a weariness. Thou art dying. Thou art dying from my
-arms. The red glow of death burneth in thy face and is transforming
-thee.
-
-Night, where shall I find thee again? Where shall I seek thee?
-
-The dreadful day that is thy white shadow hath come. And a part of me
-hath died.
-
-
- Sleep Song
-
-I lay in a field of black flowers, and there were purple veins and green
-that floated like thin worms about me.
-
-There were soft thick shapes swaying liquidly, moving unseen, and I lay
-under them gripped by soft thick mists.
-
-Deep under them I lay hidden and they pulled me deeper into the field
-rolling softly around me.
-
-A sorrow that had pursued me in my soul left me as I vanished, left me
-and floated above the flowers.
-
-And I saw a white face drifting away like a pale bubble over the top of
-my black garden.
-
-A white face like a dim sorrow, like a mute pain, drifting far away; the
-white face of a dead love searching in vain for me, in vain.
-
-The day was a white monster, naked and bellowing; grinning after me with
-its buildings that were jagged rows of dirty teeth. There was no place
-to hide from my sorrow.
-
-It lay in the sky that winked at me like a vast and blue and relentless
-eye. And it lay in the sun that burned like a golden grotesque. It lay
-in every laugh and in every beauty and in every little bird that lost
-itself over the water.
-
-I felt the black flowers grow blacker and higher and I moved deeper into
-the blackness.
-
-And then a sorrow that had pursued me in my soul left me as I vanished.
-
-It floated away over the tops of the black flowers and I saw her white
-face moving from me like a pale bubble.
-
-I saw the white face of a dead love moving beyond the soft shapes that
-swayed unseen; drifting away like a mute pain and searching in vain for
-me, in vain.
-
-I ran, but there was no place to run; for the monster day ran after,
-glaring like a white torment, shouting and scampering after, and there
-was no place to hide.
-
-Now the day was a white grave opened to me. Now it was a wide wave
-breaking over me.
-
-And now it was a great bird, white-breasted and grey-pinioned, flying
-after me and after, bearing my sorrow in its blue beak; racing after me
-until its heart burst in the west and it sank, bleeding gorgeously
-across the sky.
-
-And still I ran; but now the night came, running after, and there was no
-place to hide from my sorrow.
-
-I fled in the streets before the darkness. But the stars found me and
-the trees loomed after me and the houselights followed me and the
-darkness wept around me—and they were my sorrow.
-
-But there on the distant verge, where the night sinks exhausted into the
-blood-red arms of the white monster leaping over the world again, I
-fell; deep I fell.
-
-Far into a hidden land where I lay hidden; hidden in a field of black
-flowers that were threaded with purple veins and green floating like
-thin worms about me.
-
-
- Autumn Song
-
-My heart scatters tears over the dark day. The dull silvered poplar
-leaves float in the air like dead butterflies.
-
-It is the autumn come again, speaking with its soft-tongued winds to the
-trees and to me.
-
-It is cold. I have lost my warmth. I have lost thee. And the autumn has
-come again to tell me of it.
-
-Listen to the sad-tongued winds. See the storm faltering in the street.
-It is cold.
-
-It is the autumn come again, the autumn in whose wild sad treasures we
-once laughed; once when your hot hands reached out to me like a bright
-cry mocking the somber lisping of the twilight season.
-
-Where are the songs I sang, the songs that leaped out of flame? Do they
-echo still in your listening ears? Do they fall like warm tears in your
-heart?
-
-See the winds droop wearily into the trembling tree arms. See the street
-grows pale. A dying panoply drifts across the grey-girthed sky.
-
-Ho, Life, I have still a song for you. Though you come whispering to me
-from the golden tombs of youth, from the scarlet graves of love, I will
-make of the lament you bring me—music. I will make of the dull tears you
-bring me—lyrics. I will clothe the grey ghosts of sorrow in rich
-trappings.
-
-For it is only she who hath died. It is only she whom I loved with all
-my soul. Though my heart scatter tears over the dark day they are the
-tears of plenty. For her death hath enriched me.
-
-For the autumn is come again speaking with its soft-tongued winds to the
-trees and to me things I have never heard before; things that her white
-breasts never told me; things that her burning lips never said to me;
-wild, sad things that the flame from whence my songs once leaped never
-held for me.
-
-The dull silvered poplar leaves float in the air like dead butterflies,
-and they are beautiful.
-
-
- Death Song
-
-Last night you came and sat by my bed in a little dark room and boasted
-to me like a child.
-
-“I have come to destroy the sun,” you said; “I will take the great,
-yellow sun in my fingers and blow on it once and it will go out like a
-match.”
-
-And I wondered, because the sun is so large and hot, how such a little
-one as you could blow it out like a match.
-
-But you said: “I will blow once into the night and the stars will
-sputter like little flames in a great wind and scatter away in ashes.
-And the moon will spin around and around like a bright coin until it
-breaks into little black bits.”
-
-And I wondered because the night was so far, how such a little breath as
-yours could reach into its soul.
-
-But you said: “I will go out and touch the trees and the green leaves
-will shrivel and the brown trunks will vanish. I will breathe just once
-on the houses, the great big houses of iron and wood and stone, and they
-will sway like long pieces of black cloth in the wind and they will melt
-into a dark mist.”
-
-And I wondered and wondered.
-
-But you said: “In an instant I will walk up and down all the roads you
-have known; I will wander in all the fields you have wandered and pass
-through all the highways you have been. And each place that I move in
-will cease to be. Under my feet the earth will become a powder and
-vanish.”
-
-Then you said, for I had ceased to wonder and was listening sadly: “I
-will go to your beloved whose hair is like the silk on the corn and
-whose eyes are like the deeps of the sea and I will smile on her and she
-will become as nothing. She will become as a speck of dust and she will
-never be again.”
-
-And I wondered again how such a little one as you could make my beloved
-into a speck of dust when she was so beautiful.
-
-But you said: “I will touch all the faces you have seen with the point
-of my finger and they will change into little dark clouds and I will
-blow them away with the stars and the moon and the yellow sun.”
-
-And I thought of all the faces you boasted to destroy and
-wondered—because there were so many.
-
-But you said: “Do you remember the little bird you saw hopping on the
-stones in the park one day: I will go find the little bird and lay my
-hand on her and she will never hop on the stones again.”
-
-I remembered the little bird.
-
-And you said: “Do you remember the wide, green water that rolled itself
-into a great colored ball and bounced up and down under the sun?
-Listen—I will go and blow on the water and it will disappear into a
-single drop. And I will bring this drop back to you to wear in your eyes
-when they close.”
-
-And I wondered and wondered.
-
-But you said: “Listen:—there is an old woman who smiles when she thinks
-of you. I will walk up behind her and touch her gently on the shoulder
-and she will vanish.”
-
-And I murmured, “Do not touch the old woman.”
-
-But you said: “Listen:—I will lay my hand over all the wild notes and
-sweet notes you have heard and they will be hushed. I will kill the
-songs that lie unborn in the earth and the sea and the cherry trees and
-in the white throats of birds and women and in the hearts of men.”
-
-And I wondered how such a little one as you could hush so great a
-chorus.
-
-But you came closer to me and said: “I have come to destroy the world
-for you, to pluck out every little blade of grass and every flower, to
-brush away the stars and kick over the hills and tear up all the
-fields.”
-
-It was dark in the little room where we were and I sighed.
-
-And you came closer to me and said: “I will gather up in a great, black
-bag everyone and everything and every God you have known and I will drop
-them into a great, black hole. And listen:—and then you will be alone.”
-
-
- II.
-
-
- The Synagogue
-
- This street in the ghetto looks at night
- Like a prison corridor,
- And the houses facing it are dark cells.
-
- And then you come to a block where the rickety, thin tenements
- Rise like gnawed, patient pencils tracing crazy star lines
- In the sky.
-
- And then you come to the Synagogue of Judas the Servant,
- A little church of the Jews
- Crouching on its knees
- And enveloped in the rags of cheap saloons and hovels.
-
- It thrusts its iron star into the night
- Like a strange voice whispering in a dark place.
- And its stained walls impregnated with an ancient faith
- Murmur stoically to the stars of burning prayers and hopeless sobs
- And other things they have never heard.
-
- And if you stand before it for a time
- Strange wild things will cry out of the shadows,
- And you will see the torn, bleeding image of a race
- Whom Christ crucified.
-
-
- In the Sun
-
- O what a day!
- The buildings are bursting into bloom—
- Huge, dazzling flowers sweeping against the heaven;
- Dizzy ferns waving like dreadful fans under the flying clouds.
- The shining windows flutter down like a shower of golden petals.
-
- O what a day!
- The buildings are crashing into bloom;
- Gleaming stalks of purple sprawling with a graceful frenzy into space.
- Smoke monsters dance lazily over their heads.
- The sky swims like a blue butterfly in and out among them.
- The streets race away.
- A golden wind sweeps with a roar through the world that has become a
- fierce gorgeous garden, and it nods breathlessly.
- Out of its blazing depths color leaps and the growling music of a torn
- God singing in pain.
-
- O what a day.
- Beauty bursting into madness.
-
-
- On the Beach
-
- The lake comes gliding in and in,
- And gliding out it goes,
- Running up and back on the ribbon of the beach
- That plays with its silver toes.
-
- And the lake reaches down to the hem of its gown
- With its cool curved wind of a hand,
- And throws out its petticoat lacy and white
- With a swish-swish over the sand.
-
- Its blue dress fluttering, tinted with the sun,
- Hangs from its girdle white-spaced,
- And a far ship riding with its nose in hiding
- Stands black like a buckle at its waist.
-
- It begins to rain and the lake birds fly
- With a whir and an angry screech,
- As the thin grey fingers reach down from the sky
- And tap, tap faintly on the beach.
-
- Digging little holes for an elfin folk,
- Pointing up the water like a grate;
- And the sky moves closer like a gust of smoke
- And behind it crouch and wait
-
- Great half shapes and grey cloud apes,
- And a grey, old water crew,
- And the lake birds fly with their wings awry,
- Searching in their faces for the blue.
-
- Now the long rain chants in the grasses on the hill,
- And the lake runs in with a frightened sound,
- And sullen and wet the sand sinks low,
- Like a heavy brown cloud on the ground.
-
- On the hill top green the trees bend away
- And brood as they lower and bend,
- And grey things walk beyond the grey
- Where the sands and the waters end.
-
- The rain has stopped and the earth like a bride
- Has hung white petals in her hair,
- And the sky draws back till the white clouds ride
- Like soft white gardens in the air.
-
- And a butterfly flutters like an endless note
- Over the lake’s thin brink,
- And the sand takes off its heavy brown coat
- And the cloud apes vanish and sink.
-
- The gay water dawns and the grasshopper pipes
- And the lake glides in anew,
- Dressed in greens and in awning stripes,
- And little birds leap toward the blue.
-
-
-
-
- The Dionysian Dreiser
-
-
-Theodore Dreiser is the greatest novelist in America. It is not a
-distinction. He has written poor novels. His latest novel, The “Genius”
-published by John Lane Company is loose in parts. It limps. It loses its
-breath. It grows thin. But it is a novel of sweep and magnitude, of
-sledge hammer blows and fine chiseling. In the caramel chorus of
-America’s chirping fictionists Dreiser raises the smooth, virile voice
-of an artist. And there is no voice like his in America.
-
-I prefer to write of what Dreiser has done in The “Genius” than to tell
-in detail of what it is about. Calmly, aloofly with a consummate
-dispassion Dreiser has thrust his magic pen home into the heart of
-American Puritanism. God forgive him. God forgive the publishers. God
-forgive everybody who reads the book and forgive me who write about it.
-For American Puritanism is a sacred thing, as sacred as the gilt on the
-cathedral altar places, as hallowed as the bathroom in a bawdy house.
-And Dreiser has peeled off the gilt and ruthlessly thrust open the door.
-May he be cursed with the wrath of an avenging public conscience. May he
-be made to wither under the distinction of being a maniacal sensualist,
-a libidinous ruffian, a lascivious distiller of corrupting langours.
-Amen.
-
-Against the gray-dirt background, the shallow-hued smears of his many
-contemporaries, Dreiser’s book stands forth like a red cry of truth. It
-is not the book of a man enraged with the narrowness of a country,
-sputtering against the insipidity of its composite ideals. Dreiser never
-descends to the punitive hectoring of a Robert Herrick. Nor does he join
-the plaintive assaults upon the pusillanimous conventions which
-characterize the “advanced” fiction of the country. He does not make his
-men and women vehicles for the antiquated day dream of brotherhood bosh.
-He does not prostitute his work in dramatizing the current quibbles,
-marketing asinine public convulsions in the literary capsules so
-commonly compounded by our quack “creators.” All these things he does
-not do and if the reading public of today will not reward him, the God
-of Dostoevsky, Flaubert, Huysmanns, Shakespeare and Ambrose Bierce will.
-
-What Dreiser does do is tell a straightforward story, tell it with all
-the painstaking genius of the old Flemish painters. And he uses for his
-background not the isolated strata of any single calling, but a
-country—your world and mine and our neighbor’s. Life is greater than any
-of its truths, sings Theodore Dreiser. There are many kinds of good,
-many kinds of standards and many kinds of virtue. There is the virtue of
-farmer Blue, the solid, masculine, clear and open virtue rooted in the
-laws of the land and the rigmarole of society; thriving on the long,
-brown roads, the ploughed fields and the homely beauties of existence.
-And there is the virtue of Eugene Witla, the aesthetic, vibrating
-pursuit of beauty rooted in the soul of the artist, thriving on the
-illusive lust of women, the intangible urge of inspiration; spitting in
-the face of laws unnatural to it and the fallacies that would be its
-fetters. Yes, says Dreiser, (I do not quote him), life is a wide field
-bearing on its bosom beautiful flowers that do not resemble each other
-and that require widely different care and nourishment. To think that
-such commonplaces should be distinctive notes in the art of a country!
-But they are. If you have read these things into novels before you have
-not read them into American novels. I do not recall a single hero in
-American fiction, who is not a Puritan, who does not suffer when he
-sins, whom the indulgence of his desire for women does not inspire to
-repentance and “reform” and success as the blue literary laws of America
-demand. For further particulars on this general subject see Mr.
-Mencken’s fulmination in last month’s Smart Set.
-
-On this broad canvas of thought it is that Dreiser works. In his new
-novel he begins in a little town in Illinois. Out of the midst of a
-mediocre family living in the concentric provincialism of the middle
-west he launches his young hero Witla—a lad suffering from dreams and
-stomach trouble and a vague distinguishing unrest. His types are
-masterpieces. His style, shorn of pretentious reticence or rhetorical
-pomp, is the painstaking and poetical diction he revealed in Jennie
-Gerhardt. But he is not infallible. There are sentences, paragraphs
-which jar. Although his strokes in delineating character and situation
-are swift and certain, his language often seems lame, his words watery,
-his phrases trite. But these are as the flaws of a panoramic pen crowded
-at moments to a point of impatience and not the faults of a weak writer.
-The effect is untouched. His people breathe out of the pages. They are
-personalities. From beginning to end Dreiser reveals a psychology of
-character amazing in its range and detachment. Witla as a boy lives in
-Alexandria, Illinois. Dreiser traces the development of his soul and sex
-and struggle out of the blanketing bourgois of his birthplace. The young
-’Gene answers the call of beauty, without knowing what it is that calls
-him. He comes to Chicago. He is a laundry wagon driver, a collector for
-an installment furniture house, a student of the old Art Institute, a
-worker in the art department of a newspaper. Dreiser traces him out of
-the half way stratas of Chicago to New York, to success, and then
-through a labyrinth of incidents all interesting and big. He follows him
-through one development after another until Witla, the painter, realizes
-himself. I cannot begin to tell what the book is about. It is partially
-a depiction of the struggle between an artist husband and a “good woman”
-who is his wife, partly the struggle between the flesh and the spirit of
-the same husband and the tale of their final adjustment. It is an
-Odyssey of a type of man in whom the future of the arts rest as they
-always have rested. In the 736 pages there are persons of every type.
-You will meet everyone you have known and many you have dreamed of
-knowing. Every shade of womanhood flashes between the covers. It is as a
-novel should be—complete. It tingles with the quick spasmodic life of
-the city, of the country, the factory, the field, the drawing room. And
-above all, it breathes the atmosphere of America’s art life, the lively,
-struggling workers of the studio.
-
-Witla, however, remains Dreiser’s calm, masterful argument against the
-one-sided perversions of the Puritan. Witla is a genius. What are you
-going to do with him, you proselyting blue stocking? Such a detached
-study in perfidious polygamy is enough to damn the very printers who set
-the type for the book. Here is a man of strong ideals, great productive
-talent, an indispensable contributor to life, who naively considers
-setting up an establishment for his pretty model just after he has
-proposed matrimony to the woman he loves at the time with all the finest
-desires of his nature; a miserable fellow who ruins and ravishes without
-compunction every shapely creature who crosses his path. He is without
-even unconscious morality, innate morality. Woman is beauty when she is
-anything and to possess beauty is the motive force in his life. His eye
-possesses the beauty of the city’s filth and dirt, the beauty of
-landscape, his mind possesses the beauty of books and talk and other
-minds, and his body the beauty of passion wherever he encounters it.
-Logical, natural, primitive and entirely artistic. But immoral? God,
-yes. No one woman can satisfy a man unless he deliberately stunts
-himself, is the Dreiserian Gospel. A man needs blonde women, brunette
-women, short ones and tall ones, radical ladies and conservative
-creatures—that is, a man like Witla does. And is Witla a supreme type, a
-distinctive Sanine sort of fellow? Not a bit of it. Whether Dreiser
-thought he is, I don’t know. He doesn’t say. But he isn’t. He is man and
-not artist in his “sins.”
-
-There is naturally more color to his escapades, to his “pursuit of
-beauty,” for he is the “genius” with an eye to shades and a soul for
-nuances not possessed by his more hum drum brothers. To him matrimony is
-naturally a pit, a degradation, a series of cages, for he is the eternal
-masculine. But how many men are there who have always been faithful to
-their wives? What? I do not know of a single one. In his high lighted
-type of Witla, Dreiser tells of this rudely, brutally and
-beautifully—with the indifference of a Juggernaut and the cunning of a
-magician.
-
-Really, you of the firm-fireside-faith, what is there to be done? Here
-is the Dionysian dastard who dares proclaim that life is a decent,
-orderly routine and that life is also a wild, warm passionate thing;
-that it is also a flame in which there is only one color, the red,
-golden color of youth.
-
-And the answer is—howl. A howl will go up, I swear it. It will start
-from the critics.
-
-I can almost read their forthcoming reviews as I close my eyes.
-
-“A sensually depraved and degenerate type.”
-
-“Striking at the bed rock of public solidarity, of home happiness, of
-everything decent and worth while.”
-
-And America’s reading public—“Horrible, filthy.”
-
-Howl, you who have stultified your artists and buried them under the
-gingerbread morality of your own monotonous lives. Dreiser is the one
-novelist being published in America today who doesn’t listen to you, who
-describes you at your various bests, who wrings the pathos and joys out
-of your little worlds; who paints in with the brush of a universal art
-what you and I are doing in Alexandria and Chicago and New York and all
-the milk-station stops between.
-
-I am not a disciple of the Dreiserian Gospel. I would like to argue with
-him the certain superiorities of monogamy for the artist. But he has
-limned a hero who is not a sugar-coated moralizer. He has ignored
-superbly the mob-begotten mandates of literary excellence. Whatever his
-faults of composition or construction, and there are not so many as his
-friends endeavor to make out there are, he has magnificently booted the
-reading public, the morally subsidized critics and the very publishers
-in the coarsest regions of their bodies—their souls.
-
-And for these things I hail him as the greatest novelist in the country.
-I acclaim him as the only real, uncontaminated genius of these States
-and pray to God that my friend Sherwood Anderson will hurry up and get
-published so that there will be two of them.
-
- THE SCAVENGER.
-
-
-
-
- Leather Lane
-
-
- Three restless gas-jets
- In Leather Lane;
- A thousand faces,
- Wandering in the night,
- Too dull for pain.
-
- God saw;
- God quenched the light.
-
- But God had not choked
- The clamor of gaunt curses
- That stalk in Leather Lane,
- Uncloaked,
- Blatant with strength of dour years.
-
- God heard;
- God stopped His ears.
-
- Ho!
- God had forgot His nose,
- And in the stench that rose
- From Leather Lane,
- God died.
-
- —_Mitchell Dawson._
-
-
-
-
- Etchings
-
-
- ALEXANDER S. KAUN
-
-
- I. Gratitude
-
-On the play-grounds. The pretty girl and I withdrew from the noisy
-festival to the desolate fountain. It was too hot to think, so I merely
-talked.
-
-An old, ragged, grey-bearded, gibbous Jew, with a basket over his arm,
-was slowly approaching us.
-
-The meaningless eyes of the pretty girl clouded.
-
-“Peddlers are not allowed on the grounds. He must have sneaked in.”
-
-The Jew stood at our side. He said nothing, but his timid eyes appealed.
-
-It was too hot to think, but for a moment I thought that a waft of
-eternity breathed upon me from out the sad, timid eyes, and from out the
-folds of the soiled old coat, and from out the clotty grey beard of the
-descendant of Isaiah and the Maccabees.
-
-“I shall buy some peaches, yes?”
-
-The pretty girl twitched her little nose.
-
-“But they are dusty.”
-
-“Oh, no. See, they are covered.”
-
-The sad, timid eyes smiled at me. I looked into the depth of those
-eyes-of-ages. A half frivolous notion passed through my mind: I raised
-the fruit, and pronounced the ancient Hebrew blessing:
-
-“_Barukh atah, Adonay, elohenu melekh haolam, bore pri haetz._” (Blessed
-art Thou, O Lord, our God, creator of the fruit of the tree.)
-
-The sad eyes became faintly radiant and moist. A suggestion of a smile
-appeared around the hairy mouth. The lips mumbled something inaudible. A
-lean brown hand rubbed the glossy side of the coat, and tremblingly
-extended to me. I grasped it, embarrassed.
-
-“_Lange Johren magt Ihr hoben, lange Johren auf Euch!_” (Long years may
-you have, long years unto you!)
-
-I turned to the pretty girl. With her handkerchief she was diligently
-rubbing off a drop of juice from her white blouse.
-
-It was too hot to think, so I resumed our playful talk.
-
-
- II. Nocturne
-
-It was night, and soft and blue and starry. A uniformed nurse emerged
-from the dark alley of the park, and heavily dropped on the bench where
-I sat. For some time she leaned backward, her eyes closed, her breast
-heaving, her mouth half open. Then she looked widely, straightened
-herself, sighed deeply, and casually glanced at me and at my box of
-paints.
-
-“Are you an artist?”
-
-“Yes. Obviously, you are a nurse?”
-
-She nodded, and burst forth into a rapid talk, as if she had long been
-waiting for an opportunity to unburden herself.
-
-“Just got off duty. See those lighted windows across the road? That is
-our hospital. Ah, I shan’t stand it much longer. Moans and groans,
-suffering, tears, madness—God! You know, it starts at twilight. As soon
-as the sun sets all the miseries get loose. Even the quiet patients
-become delirious and raise bedlam. And so till midnight. It will drive
-me insane. Give me a cigarette, will you? There is nobody around at this
-time.”
-
-Her “shop talk” bored me. Silently I gave her a cigarette and a light,
-and watched her inhaling the smoke eagerly and intently. Her grey
-striped dress with the tight white apron outlined a light, slender body,
-a supple breast, and full strong arms. Her face was in the shadow, but
-my professional eyes noticed its lovely oval contours. The little white
-cap seemed toyishly small on the vast mass of disobedient hair. She
-flung away the cigarette, and turned to me:
-
-“Thanks, stranger. Why don’t you say something? Ah, what a night! See
-the blue mist away there beneath the trees, and see that big oak—it’s
-like a tower. Gee, I am getting romantic. Ah, what a night!”
-
-I was amused with her half bookish, half street-talk. Somehow she did
-not irritate me, as the rest of the people did, with her trivial remarks
-on things which I believed to belong exclusively to the realm of colors
-and music.
-
-“Look!” She grasped my hand. “See the star falling? There, it dropped
-into the lagoon. Ah, I smell hyacinths, do you? Hey, if you are not
-going to say something, I’ll smash you!”
-
-She snatched off my hat, threw it high up in the air, and, laughing
-loudly, ran away, dropping her cap on the grass. I picked it up, and
-pursued her. She was a swift runner, and we raced a long while across
-the wide lawn before I caught her. In the dim bluish light she stood at
-my side, a savage figure with stormy cascades of hair over her face and
-shoulders, with flashing eyes, open mouth, dilating nostrils. In my
-professional delight (I never lose my self-consciousness) I seized her
-by the waist and lifted her up above me. She waved her good arms and
-shrieked in joy, tossing her Medusa-head, arching her tense chest,
-quivering in ecstacy.
-
-“Hey, there. Cut that out!”
-
-A husky policeman on a motorcycle approached us. He dismounted, looked
-at us (I was still holding her in the air), and burst into a hoarse
-guffaw.
-
-“Well, I’ll be.... Beat it now. It’s improper.”
-
-I handed her the mussed white cap. She twisted it with her fingers, and
-her lips muttered somnolently:
-
-“And at six thirty in the morning I must be on duty....”
-
-
- III. Will to Power
-
-At a crossing line on a Saturday night about 2 A. M. Tired men, women,
-children, families, couples, waiting for a street car. Some lean towards
-the wall, some sit on the sidewalk, on the garbage-box, on the curb.
-Dull silence. The June night rolls on indifferently.
-
-Suddenly the calm is disturbed by violent screams and oaths. A woman is
-hurled out by invisible hands from the corner-hotel. She crosses the
-street towards the waiting crowd, staggers, waves her big handbag, and
-swears hideously.
-
-No response. The ennui on the faces remains unstirred. The coarse solo
-of the prostitute, who ejaculates fantastically ugly verbs, nouns,
-adjectives, bespatters the velvet night.
-
-A baggy figure in a battered derby rises from the sidewalk, and
-hesitatingly accosts the woman.
-
-“You stop this noise....” Then threateningly: “Want to take a ride?”
-
-Her foul flux interrupted, the woman thrusts her red face into the
-man’s, and hisses half coquettishly, half contemptuously:
-
-“A ride? With you, sweetheart? Sure!”
-
-He grabs her by the shoulder. His face grows pale.
-
-“Come on, now. Move on, I tell you!”
-
-The woman shrieks and struggles.
-
-“Let go! Look what he is doing to me! Who are you? You are not a
-detective.... Let go!”
-
-The crowd does not stir. Some one yawns desperately. A little boy
-whimpers, and clings to his dozing mother.
-
-The man drags his shrieking victim. He pulls out a chain of keys, and
-swings it triumphantly. The woman screams and hits her assailant on the
-face with her heavy handbag. New figures appear from the adjoining
-streets. A voice is heard:
-
-“Maybe he is not a detective.... Hey, where’s your star?”
-
-The man’s pale face twitches convulsively. The woman feels encouraged,
-strikes him short, rapid blows, and shouts wildly:
-
-“He is not a detective! Look what he is doing to me!”
-
-A big fist plunges into the man’s face. He gasps, and falls. When he
-rises, a shower of fists meets him. Many of the erstwhile indifferent
-figures are now up, eager to lay a hand on the imposter. Like a toy, he
-falls and rises, looking astonished, in a trance.
-
-The long-awaited car suddenly plunges into the imbroglio. Men, women,
-children, push and justle at the narrow entrance.
-
-The man stands alone, hatless, wiping a bleeding face with his sleeve,
-muttering faintly:
-
-“I am a detective.... I am.”
-
-The night rolls on indifferently.
-
-
- The soul of music is something more than the soul of humanity
- expressing itself in melody, and the life of music something more
- than an audible dramatization of human life.—_Arthur Symons._
-
-
-
-
- The Truth
-
-
- BURT HARRIS
-
-The truth, my friend? There is no truth. It is impossible for the human
-mind to attain the truth. You can tell the truth with reservations, with
-omissions. Perhaps you can speak the truth that is only part truth. Yes,
-that is often done by virtuous people and by clever people. But to speak
-the truth, the whole truth and nothing but the truth, to place your soul
-naked before either God or man,—that, my friend, is impossible. I have
-listened to women lie. Sometimes it is only necessary to watch. And it
-is the same with a man.
-
-What? A man will tell the truth before God? You are quite wrong. A man
-will lie to himself and he will lie to his God. I know. I listened to a
-man lie to God. I will tell you the story.
-
-The man’s name was Henry Spencer. You perhaps remember it. He was a
-murderer. One of his victims was a tango teacher named Mrs. Allison
-Rexroat. When the body of Mrs. Rexroat was found behind a clump of
-bushes in a lonely spot the police somehow blundered upon a clew. In
-four days they traced the murder of the woman to Henry Spencer. They
-wove a net of evidence about him. Oh they are clever, sometimes, my
-friend. On the fifth day Henry Spencer sat in the police captain’s
-office and they sweated him. After five hours he confessed. Ordinarily
-this means nothing. I have seen criminals confess to crimes of which
-they were innocent. Sweating is an unintelligent process, but then
-criminals are unintelligent persons and for a stupid mind the whole
-affair becomes quite an ordeal. The police captain says, “You did.” The
-criminal replies, “I didn’t.” It is very simple, my friend, but very
-wearing; particularly when there are five policemen to say “You did,”
-and none but yourself to say “I didn’t.” But it happened this time that
-the policemen blundered upon a real confession. After five hours Henry
-Spencer jumped to his feet and shouted, “Yes, I did. I killed her.” He
-was led away. Two days later he repeated his confession and elaborated
-on it. He sketched the murder, described the events leading up to it.
-
-The policemen, highly elated, rushed out and verified all he had said.
-They found the hammer he told them he had used where he said he had
-thrown it. They found the effects of the murdered woman where he said he
-had hidden them. Henry Spencer went to trial. A number of attorneys
-defending him pleaded insanity. Spencer upset their efforts by rising in
-the court room and informing the jury he was quite sane and that he had
-committed a number of murders in his life. Given permission by the court
-he informed them that his life had been an extremely illegal one. He
-named five women he had killed. The police, highly elated, rushed out
-and verified his statements. In concluding, the defendant again sought
-to impress them with the fact that he was quite sane and willing to pay
-the penalty for his crimes. In fact several times he cried out from his
-seat, “Hurry up and hang me.”
-
-You will argue, my friend, that there was an instance where in the very
-depravity of his nature a man attained the naked truth. You are quite
-wrong. Henry Spencer killed the women he said he killed, but he failed
-of the truth. For three months he had sat in his cell figuring the thing
-out. He came to the conclusion that by telling truthfully of his crimes
-and pleading truthfully of his sanity he would create the impression
-that he was indeed a maniac. You see, it is quite simple. Lies are
-always simple. It is only the truth which is impossible to understand.
-Henry Spencer’s logic proved accurate. He convinced the jury that he was
-a maniac. But he had placed too much faith on the technical
-interpretation of the law. The jury sentenced him to hang, anyway. So
-did the judge.
-
-The date was set and Henry Spencer waited in the jail of a little town
-in Illinois. It is the duty of a large number of people in the world to
-save souls from Hell. Do not think I speak sarcastically, my friend.
-There is nothing wrong in this, except, of course, its utter futility.
-For two months the Rev. Mr. Williams, his wife, and his son visited
-Henry Spencer daily in his cell. They taught him religion. The doomed
-man was an illiterate. He had been brought up in the streets. He spoke
-English vulgarly and he understood nothing. His mind was unformed and
-his ideas of any particular life to be were as vague as his ideas of the
-life that was.
-
-So he became religious. This is quite a story in itself, his acquiring
-“faith.” They played hymns in his cell on an old melodeon. Each night
-the Williams family knelt with him and prayed. He found in the
-Scriptures and their promise something that stilled the cold terror of
-death. His nerves became quiet. In fact he became buoyant. You will say
-it is impossible for a man to acquire genuine faith under such
-circumstances. You are quite wrong, my friend. I will prove it to you
-soon.
-
-On the day preceding his execution Henry Spencer exhibited the only bit
-of nervousness during his watch for death. He objected to the big clock
-that hung in the corridor outside his cell. He didn’t like the way it
-ticked. You know why. So they removed the clock. How kind people are to
-those whom they are about to destroy. They quite resemble the Gods in
-the matter.
-
-I am coming now to the point of the story, so be patient, my friend. It
-was a sunny morning in early July. Inside a stockade they had erected a
-scaffold. During the night Henry Spencer sang hymns. The sheriff sat on
-the doorstep of his home adjoining the jail listening and looking at the
-moon and greasing a hempen rope with cold cream which he borrowed from
-his daughter. He was a religious man and the hymns made him sad.
-
-At ten o’clock the death march started from Spencer’s cell. Now there
-were thirty-eight steps leading to the top of the scaffold which rose
-high above the stockade top. I know this because a young man named Smith
-and I walked up the steps the midnight before and counted them. After
-counting them I made a wager with the young man that Spencer would never
-reach the top unsupported. So I was exceedingly interested when the
-death march entered the stockade. A number of persons were privileged to
-march in the line, and the first to appear was Spencer. He was dressed
-as if he were hurrying to a tennis game—white trousers, white shoes, a
-soft white collar, and a white shirt. On the pocket of his shirt he had
-pinned a red carnation. He walked with a light, springy step. Behind him
-trailed the Rev. Mr. Williams and the others.
-
-Henry Spencer wore a good-natured smile on his face. When he reached the
-bottom step of the scaffold I held my breath. I watched him skip nimbly
-up the stairs, never missing a step, never tripping or hesitating. Under
-more virtuous circumstances the thing would have passed for heroism. At
-any rate I lost the wager.
-
-Spencer stood on the scaffold, the noose hanging over his shoulder. The
-smile had not left his face. Several hundred necks were craned towards
-him. I would have felt chilled to see so many necks at such a time had I
-been he. The sheriff and his assistant began dressing him in a white
-robe that covered him from the neck down.
-
-He commenced talking at once.
-
-“My friends,” he said, extending his arm. They strapped it to his side
-as he did so but he continued unflustered. “I am glad of the opportunity
-this gives me of telling you that for the first time in my life I am
-happy. I have found a mother and a God and a friend while I have been in
-jail waiting for death. Although it is going to cost me my life I am
-glad I am here to tell you this. I have repented for my sins. I have
-made my peace with my God and my fellow men. And I am happy, my friends,
-happy. I have found a mother who has shown me the way to peace and
-salvation. I am grateful to Him for the gladness he has put in my heart.
-Oh, my friends—”
-
-He raised his head to the sky. Standing against the sun in his white
-robe, his face transfigured with a wonderful smile, he looked like some
-Crusader giving himself into the arms of the Virgin. Above him stretched
-the green leafy branch of a tree that rustled faintly in the breeze. A
-little bird sat on a twig and chirped. And still above stretched the
-pure blue sky with its white fleece clouds. Henry Spencer looked at it
-all—life, the little bird, the sky, the green leaves—and smiled; smiled
-as I have never seen a man smile before.
-
-They strapped his ankles and then the sheriff adjusted the rope around
-his neck with great care. His political future was dependent on his
-task. Spencer resumed talking.
-
-He recited two long psalms with never a wrong word, and I who had
-listened to him five months ago sat astounded. His voice, his accent,
-everything about him had changed. A theologian could have rendered the
-psalms no more accurately. Then he looked at the sky again. I felt that
-before his eyes the clouds rolled away and God revealed himself, a
-gigantic figure seated on a golden throne. I felt that he saw the
-cherubs and the angels he had read of in the scriptures, perceived the
-jewelled streets and the harpists and Christ waiting with outstretched
-arms and forgiveness.
-
-“Yes, my friends,” he went on, “I am not afraid, for I have given myself
-to Christ, pure in spirit, strong in faith.” He quoted from the Bible.
-“See, I smile at it all, for believe me, O Lord, I am happy.” The
-sheriff had lifted the white hood to the man’s head and was beginning to
-adjust it. The smile never left his face, the light that blazed from his
-eyes never dimmed. “I am going to heaven,” he said as they settled the
-hood on his head, “and I want to say only one more thing before I go. My
-friends, as I stand here, I tell you I am innocent of the murder of Mrs.
-Allison Rexroat.”
-
-And they hanged him.
-
-The truth? The human ego is too weak for truth. What do you say, my
-friend?
-
-
- We carry faithfully what we are given, on hard shoulders, over
- rough mountains! And when perspiring, we are told: “Yea, life is
- hard to bear!” But man himself only is hard to bear! The reason
- is that he carrieth too many strange things on his shoulders.
- Like the camel he kneeleth down and alloweth the heavy load to be
- put on his back.—_Nietzsche._
-
-
-
-
- Romain Rolland
-
-
- ELLEN KEY
-
- (_Authorized translation from the Swedish by Mamah Bouton
- Borthwick. Copyright, 1914._)
-
-
- I.
-
-In Clamecy, a quiet town in Nivernais in Central France, Romain Rolland
-was born in 1866. His family had dwelt for centuries in the little
-place, both as country folk and townspeople. Quite contrary to the
-inference one would draw from _Jean Christophe_, neither German nor
-other foreign ancestry is discoverable in the family lineage; Rolland is
-descended from pure French Catholic burgher stock. His parents devoted
-themselves with loving zeal to his education; his mother endowing him
-with a musical sense and love of music that made music, from earliest
-childhood, his passion and joy; his father, a notary in Clamecy, gave up
-his profession that he might accompany his young son to Paris.
-
-It is not the external events of his life, but the spiritual atmosphere
-and environment of his native town, that Rolland depicted in the sixth
-part of _Jean Christophe_, under the sub-title, “Antoinette.” The
-landscape of Nivernais is a mingling of rivers and canals, great forests
-and Mont de Moran’s peaks. The region unites memorials of the Keltic and
-Gallic-Roman times and cathedrals of the Gothic period, stimulating the
-historical sense which, next to the sense of music, is most
-characteristic of Romain Rolland.
-
-He entered the _Ecole Normale superieure_ in Paris, when about fifteen
-or sixteen years of age, and later went to the _Academia di Francia_ in
-Rome. He considers the friendship formed there with Malvida von
-Meysenburg[1] profoundly significant in his development. As she was a
-faithful friend of Mazzini and Herzen, of Wagner and Nietzsche, in
-middle age, so in her old age she was the friend of Romain Rolland. “Her
-memory is sacred to me,” he recently wrote, and he had continued in
-regular correspondence with her from 1890 until her death in 1903.
-
- [1] See my article in _Verk och Människor_, in which I endeavored
- to show my countrymen the value to them of _Memoiren einer
- Idealistin_.
-
-Rome exercised a profound influence upon his entire spiritual life. He
-spent there the years 1889 and 1890, and has since made frequent visits
-for longer or shorter periods. Italy is the country which, next to
-France, he knows best and loves most. Germany, on the other hand, which
-he has described in _Jean Christophe_ so vividly that one is convinced
-he must have passed a great part of his life there, he knows only
-through some minor journeys.
-
-In 1895, he received his doctor’s degree at the University of Paris, and
-presented two theses.[2] He was, first, instructor in the History of Art
-at the school he had attended; later he became professor of History of
-Music at the Sorbonne, a position he will probably resign; partly,
-because an automobile accident injured his arm so that he can no longer
-illustrate his lectures on the History of Music with the piano; partly,
-because he has found the combination of authorship and lectures too
-great a strain upon his delicate health.
-
- [2] _Histoire de l’Opera en Europe, avant Lully et Scarlatti_,
- (Les origines du theatre lyrique modern), and also _Les causes de
- la decadence de la peinture italienne_.
-
-Concerning the literary impressions that were decisive in his
-development, he says that his education, like that of most young
-Frenchmen, was founded upon the classics of the seventeenth century. He
-found his way, himself, to the writers who gave him spiritual
-sustenance: Shakespeare, Goethe, and the Encyclopedists, especially
-Diderot.
-
-In 1886, along with his school comrades, he became acquainted with
-Tolstoy. In his book on Tolstoy, Rolland says, “He was the purest light
-that illumined our youth, the cheering star in the twilight of the end
-of the century—our only real friend in contemporary European art.” It
-was Tolstoy’s intoxicating adoration of life that enraptured the young
-Frenchmen as well as the young Northerners. It was the realism in
-Tolstoy’s art that “opened the portals to life”; it was the mysticism in
-Tolstoy’s nature that opened their ears to “the music of the soul for
-which they longed” ... “Tolstoy was to our generation what Werther was
-to the youth of the eighteenth century.”
-
-“But,” wrote Rolland in a letter, “the most potent influence in my life
-was and continues to be—music. It has been an ever-flowing spring, not
-only for my emotional life, but also for the interpretation of life.
-For, to him who can rightly listen, music is a language that can
-interpret the subtlest emotions of the soul, and reveal manifold secrets
-which literature has never been able to express. If in any degree I
-understand the German soul, it is due to music.”
-
-Romain Rolland is familiar, alike, with the old German masters of the
-seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, and with those of most recent
-times. _Jean Christophe_, the world’s greatest novel concerning a
-musician and music, is therefore written by a thoroughly-trained
-connoisseur and practitioner of music; a man who demonstrates that, for
-his own and for his hero’s individual culture, music is the most
-profound determining influence.
-
-Even though Romain Rolland differs from Tolstoy in questions pertaining
-to his conception of music, still it is in Tolstoy’s spirit that he
-glorifies in this form of art its universal breadth, its power—beyond
-national boundaries and personal limitations—to unite mankind in and
-through the joy of beauty, which is one of the highest conditions of the
-soul.
-
-One aspect of Romain Rolland’s literary work is a direct expression of
-his profound belief in the ethical mission of art. He participated
-ardently in the movement, instituted at the close of the last century,
-that purposed to educate the workingman by means of elevated amusements,
-especially plays. But Rolland did not, like Tolstoy, seek to awaken love
-of mankind; he wanted to strengthen power of action and heroism. Rolland
-has recently published the second edition of a book in which he has
-collected his controversial articles, written at the time when he and a
-group of friends hoped to create a new theatre for the awakening people,
-and thus contribute to the encouragement of that energy of action
-necessary to the solution of the great problems the time presents.
-
-Pleasure, enlightenment, energy, says Rolland, are what the theatre
-should furnish the people. Neither the classic drama, which bores the
-workingman to death by presenting to him _les parties mortes de l’ame_,
-nor the present drama, which injures or lowers him by setting him in a
-fever of sordid passions, is fit for a people’s theatre. It must furnish
-the best drama of the present time, the spectacle in which the serious
-aspect of the time is reflected, or scenes from those earlier phases in
-which the spirit of struggle and of devotion lived; in other words, it
-must furnish a virile and wholesome art.
-
-The heroes of the French Revolution were Rolland’s inspiration for the
-drama, and he utilized the struggles of the time of the Revolution for
-spectacles and folk festivals. At that time he wrote and produced for
-the people’s theatre: _Le 14 Juillet_, _Danton_, _Les Loups_, _Le
-triomphe de la raison_. The last he has recently published, together
-with two other early dramas, _St. Louis_ and _Aërt_. They are all, as he
-himself says, devoted to religious enthusiasm; for God, for country, for
-reason.
-
-He wished to set these pictures of struggling devotion against the
-cowardice of thought and cowardice of will that he saw everywhere around
-him. He voiced his own sentiment and that of his young kindred spirits
-in the words of one of his heroes, who was condemned to death:
-
-“Life will be what I will. I have anticipated victory, but I shall be
-victorious.” And in the words of another:
-
-“You are always thinking of what you can keep or lose. Only think of
-what you can give. Live; be like the water that flows.... The world
-would not exist without that happiness of beings, of flowers in the sun,
-that joy of giving one’s life to the point of exhaustion—which is also a
-joy of dying continually!”
-
-“It is elder brother to Jean Christophe,” Rolland says, “less robust but
-not less faithful,” who uttered these words, which comprise Rolland’s
-creed in its most succinct formula.
-
-To revive the energy of action of the French Revolution in order to
-continue thus the work interrupted in 1794; to set in motion the great
-passions, not for the purpose of arousing chauvinistic or revolutionary
-fanaticism, but in order to kindle anew the universal feeling of
-solidarity—this was the hope of Rolland and his friends for the future
-of France.
-
-“This hope,” he says, “was one of the purest and holiest forces in our
-young lives.” Rolland, therefore, calls his _Théâtre du peuple_ a
-document of the time, because it “reflects the artistic ideas and hopes
-of a whole generation.”
-
-He gives voice now (1913) to that proud utterance: “Let the future judge
-us even should it prove that it was our crime to have believed too much
-in the future.”
-
-That this little group has not yet been victorious, we know. Romain
-Rolland indicated the reason when he said: “In order to fashion a
-theatre for the people, we must _first have a people_; a people with a
-_freedom of the soul_ able to enjoy art; a people with _leisure_; a
-people not oppressed by misery or incessant toil; a people not
-brutalized by every superstition and fanaticism from right and left; a
-people lord over itself and victor in the battle fought out from day to
-day.”
-
-To these utterances of 1903 can be added one of this year, in which
-Rolland expressed himself most fervently and with comprehension in
-regard to the working class of _women_—and in that connection in regard
-to the whole woman question.[3] It was made evident, then, that the
-idealist Rolland is no advocate of the chauvanistic-religious reaction.
-His idealism is of the whirl of revolutionary times and the future.
-
- [3] In a preface to _Celles qui travaillent_, a work of the
- notable and sincere French authoress, Simone Bodève.
-
-His critique upon the classic French literature, his “Teutonism” in
-_Jean Christophe_, his political and religious radicalism, have made him
-as obnoxious to nationalistic-Catholic France as Mme. de Stael once was
-because of her _De l’Allemagne_. Among other evidences of Rolland’s
-status in his own country is the circumstance that when the French
-Academy recently awarded its new prize of 10,000 francs, it was given,
-through the influence of Maurice Barrès, to a wholly new man in French
-literature: André Lafon du Blaye, instructor in a Catholic private
-school, who had written a book about a school boy, a book which was
-found to possess that “elevated character” the awarding of the prize
-demanded! _Jean Christophe_ had just been finished! It is, however, not
-merely in academic circles that Romain Rolland is denied recognition. He
-has succeeded in getting himself well hated in many another circle
-because of the cutting truths in _Jean Christophe_, directed against all
-factions. In _Ord och Bild_, 1912, George Brandes has given a brief but
-excellent characterization of Rolland’s spiritual and intellectual
-endowments and of his limitations.
-
-Without doubt Rolland’s spiritual tendency in youth was determined not
-only by Tolstoy but also by Guyau; the more because Tolstoy has Guyau to
-thank for whatever of reason is found in his theories of art.
-
-In regard to the influence of Guyau upon Tolstoy and Nietzsche, see, for
-example, Professor Albert Nilson’s excellent essay upon _Guyau’s
-Aesthetics_.
-
-In the mind of Rolland as well as of Guyau, the ethical ideal is the
-highest intensive quality of life, the most effective energy. Rolland is
-far from the Christian asceticism that diluted the wine of Tolstoy. But
-along with Tolstoy, with Guyau, with Nietzsche, he demands an art that
-possesses life’s consummate vigor; that is itself the richest life, the
-highest intensity of power. In other words: the ethical ideal and the
-aesthetic are at heart the same thing; the fundamental principle of art
-and religion is solidarity; the sense of beauty is at the same time the
-most intensive and the most expansive of feelings, and so—like the love
-of humanity—the great fraternizing power. “They who love most create
-most richly,” and “the work that reveals to us the life of greatest
-value is the noblest”: these propositions permeated Rolland just as they
-did Guyau and Tolstoy, although Rolland establishes a basis of valuation
-quite different from that of the latter. Perhaps Bergson, too, has in
-some respects confirmed Rolland’s personal view of life. But as
-Rolland’s view was enunciated before Bergson began to write, the
-influence could have been only to strengthen, not to determine it. No
-idea harmonized better with Rolland’s own innermost being than that
-respecting the power of the spirit to make a way for creative,
-unfathomable, inexhaustible life. _Jean Christophe_, from the first
-chapter to the last, is an illustration of this explosive power, this
-_élan vital_.
-
-Schiller’s words come to mind: Der Dichter ist der einzige wahre
-_Mensch_ und der beste Philosoph ist nur eine Karikatur gegen ihn.[4]
-The poet is the only real _Man_ and the best philosopher is only a
-caricature beside him.
-
- [4] In a letter to Goethe, 1795, after reading _Wilhelm Meister_.
-
-Not only with his dramas of the Revolution did Romain Rolland endeavor
-to make his countrymen hero-worshippers; he also began a series of
-popular biographies aimed to present, not the great man’s work, but the
-personal powers and experiences that found expression in his work. He
-says in the preface: “Europe is poisoned with materialism and egotism;
-we must throw open the windows to get air: _Respirons le souffle des
-heros. Let us breathe the breath of heroes._” He rejoices that he too
-has witnessed contemporary heroic deeds: the defense of the Boers and
-the vindication of Dreyfus. But he knows that it is “easier to kindle
-enthusiasm by heroes of the past,” heroes “who were great in heart.”
-
-His hero-worship did not lead him, however, to glorification at the
-expense of truth. He utters the thought, profoundly true and all too
-little understood, that every lack of harmony between life and its laws
-depends—even in great spirits—not upon their greatness, but upon their
-weaknesses. “But these weaknesses render them not less worthy of our
-love.... The idealism that will not recognize the truth is cowardice;
-there is only one heroism in the world: _to see the world as it is—and
-to love it_.”
-
-So without hesitation, Rolland points out weaknesses in Michael Angelo’s
-life, and inconsistencies in Tolstoy’s. He sees in both great specimens
-of the “type that will pass away”; the Christian—those who “have had
-their refuge in God and the everlasting life when this life has gone
-against them; those whose faith has often been expression for deficient
-belief in life, in the future, in themselves; a lack of courage and a
-lack of gladness.” “I know,” he continues, “of how many defeats your
-grievous victories are made, and therefore I pity you and admire you.
-You make the world more doleful but more beautiful. Praised be pain and
-praised be joy! Both are holy; they form the world and they broaden
-great souls: joy and pain are powers, are life, are God.”[5]
-
- [5] Epitome of the introduction to _Michael Angelo_.
-
-The three biographies that Rolland has thus far published are of
-Beethoven, Michael Angelo, and Tolstoy. In the first, it is the love of
-life and the courage of life; in the second, creative power and strength
-of belief; in the third, the ecstacy of life and the love of mankind,
-that he emphasizes. Such souls, he says, restore to us belief in life
-and in mankind, for from them “issues a current of social power and
-potent goodness.”
-
-
- II.
-
-Beethoven is Rolland’s own conception of life, and is nearest his heart.
-To that “soul of music, heroism, and goodness” Rolland has reared the
-only memorial worthy of Beethoven that art has created: _Jean
-Christophe_.
-
-This book was published during the course of nine years. But long before
-it began to appear it had lived in and with its writer for the greater
-part of his life. In it Rolland has committed to writing his profound
-conception of the innermost being of a musical genius, and has done it
-in such a manner that one is firmly convinced of the truth of the
-revelations that one follows from the cradle to the grave. In other
-novels concerning geniuses the writers assert incessantly that they
-_are_ geniuses; here the genius evinces himself through his being. One
-does not read a book, one lives a life—and a life of the highest value,
-the existence that great spirit creates: that of the genius, who out of
-the flaming chaos of his nature forms a cosmos. An “educational novel,”
-of which the world’s literature thus far possesses only one such in
-_Wilhelm Meister_, and, in a measure, in Keller’s _Der Grüne
-Heinrich_.... I have lived more intensely with _Jean Christophe_ than
-with most living people.[6]
-
- [6] Lack of space forces me to omit Miss Key’s interesting but
- very long analysis of _Jean Christophe_.—The Editor.
-
-World fame is a curious thing. Sometimes it is attained quickly through
-glorifying friends: a path to fame that often early avenges itself,—that
-is more dangerous even than the fame that the attacks of enemies
-furnish. Sometimes fame is won with one blow, by an exceptional work;
-again it is prepared for in silence and then suddenly rushes forth with
-the roar of a great torrent formed by many small streams. The last is
-the case with Romain Rolland.
-
-When I read him in 1909, in Switzerland, I went shortly afterwards to
-Paris, where, at that time, he was not mentioned among the celebrated
-writers and where even his friends thought he dare not reckon his circle
-of readers larger than the ten or fifteen thousand faithful he possessed
-in the world of French-speaking readers. In Germany his circle was still
-narrower; in Sweden, he was unknown even by name.
-
-For the new generation the book is a document of the spiritual history
-of the time. For the serious-minded portion of the French youth, Rolland
-has possessed an influence comparable with his own description of
-Tolstoy’s influence upon himself and the young generation with him.
-Youth has learned from him that the fleeting fashionable attitude toward
-the great souls or ideas that Paris shapes is sterile; that it is only
-by devotion that a spiritual growth can be attained; that skepticism in
-the face of all greatness is poverty, but admiration and love “is the
-way, to the most potent, the richest, life.” Youth has found in him
-contempt for mere fine phrases, for declamation, and received from him
-Goethe’s conception of creation: “In the beginning was action.” They
-have heard him proclaim _that_ nationalism that is loyalty to the best
-in the essence of the French nation: love of truth and justice, desire
-for freedom and fraternity, devotion to its ideal values and above all
-the dream of happiness for all mankind. This dream that among us Teutons
-is content to sleep, is among Frenchmen an ever restless disturbance of
-the blood. And it is only by occasionally letting his blood flow for
-these dreams that he feels he is living up to his highest ideals. _This_
-Youth for whom each new part of _Jean Christophe_ has been a great
-event, despises with Rolland the estheticism that turns from life. This
-youth has learned to distinguish between great art and the work of those
-who think they are creating art but are only making arts. But above all,
-at a time of reaction toward the Christian “faith”—a reaction that has
-been justified by the fact that science has not been able to “explain”
-life nor “vindicate” it—they receive a new fountain of living water.
-Rolland has attempted neither to explain life nor defend it. The
-leit-motiv of his great symphonic work is Beethoven’s thought: “Durch
-Leiden Freude,”—“Through suffering joy comes.” We can, so he says,
-neither understand life in all its plenitude of contradictions nor
-ennoble it in all its brutality in any way other than by _living_ it
-one’s self in the fullest and highest meaning of the word. Music, the
-all-unifying art, love, the all-embracing condition of the soul, are the
-two highest attitudes of devotion to God, who is life.
-
-More Rolland knows not. And more than he knows the veracious man does
-not say.
-
- “I cannot,” he writes, “give any metaphysical credo. For, in the
- first place, I will never deceive myself by saying _I know that
- which I do not know_—which, at the most, I can imagine or hope.
- In the second place, I will never confine myself within the
- limits of any belief. For I hope to develop until my last day; I
- wish to reserve for myself unlimited freedom of intellectual
- transformation and renewal. I have many gods in my Pantheon; but
- my chief godhead is _Liberty_. At present I do not separate the
- essence of the human soul from that of the divine spirit, of
- which the former is a part. But I hardly believe that this divine
- spirit fills the universe. It _seeks_, certainly, to fill the
- world and guide it; but nothing indicates that it will succeed.
- Even in this regard I reserve space for liberty. Pure monism does
- not satisfy me. I am more inclined to a dualism such as the
- ancient Empedocles believed in. I have an unbounded admiration
- for the pre-Socratic philosophers, the sages of Ionia and Magna
- Graecia. Indeed my first work, written at Rome, twenty years ago,
- was a drama with Empedocles as hero. The struggle between two
- principles is manifest to me in the whole history of the world,
- material as well as moral history. The question is whether there
- is not a _third_ principle, in which the other two are included
- or harmonized. A trinity therefore—it is singular how this form
- forces itself upon the human mind—but a trinity very different
- from the Christian conception of the trinity, since it comprises
- a father and two striving brothers: a triad that approaches the
- antique cosmogony of which we find a reflection in Hesiod, in
- _Chaos_, _Gaea_, and _Eros_. If I live I shall go deeper into
- ancient thought. Those ancient philosophers lived in more
- intimate contact with nature than any of their successors, and,
- moreover, collected the thousand-year-old wisdom of the whole
- Orient.”
-
-Besides this personal utterance of Rolland himself, a French friend of
-his, intimate with his thought, has given me permission to communicate
-the following statement of the trend of Rolland’s thought:
-
- The liberty of his mind, his lucidity, his keen penetration,
- render him incapable of accepting the least dogma or the least
- constraint. It is impossible to conceive of anything that could
- have upon such a mind, not to say a direct hold, but even an
- appreciable influence. That mind is alone, magnificently alone,
- as independent as if the world were just born. Moreover, he is
- quite as far from all revealed religions as from all systems. He
- would in no wise admit that the Christian or any other religion
- is more closely related to the past, and Darwinism or any
- scientism whatever more to the future. He would see, in these
- diverse ways of viewing life, forms of the human mind which
- return at periodic intervals and of which one no more than the
- other is an absolute progress in which he does not believe. Only
- by his very nature, he is antimaterialistic. He believes in the
- duality of soul and body in an absolute, organic manner. He hopes
- sincerely to quit this body and go to live a larger and fuller
- life. No personal immortality! He cannot endure the thought. That
- would be the continuation of this captivity in a limited
- personality, which to him appears stifling. He feels that he is
- also going to live in God, not understanding by that word any
- anthropomorphic god, but a fountain of universal life. He loves
- to plunge, through time and space, into a meditation in which he
- totally forgets his personality, and wherein he finds a sort of
- intoxication. He has uttered this admirable and terrible
- sentence: “Sometimes I feel _no difference_ between my friends
- absent or present, living or dead.” To ask such a being if he is
- of the past or of the future would have no significance; he is
- beyond the compass of time.
-
-I have met Rolland only through letters. But some words concerning his
-personality, as it had affected another poet, I can communicate here in
-conclusion:
-
-“The confident grasp replete with experience, the modest ripeness ... in
-his being; the benignity, the unprecedented purity in all his purpose
-... are beneficent.... Everything is genuine, developed with will and
-consciousness: a man who has improved steadily.... From him emanates a
-gentle plenitude, consummate in action, like that of a star at
-twilight.”
-
-When world renown comes to such a man, it has not much to say to him.
-Rolland meets it with an averted glance in his far-seeing luminous eyes,
-eyes which quietly and steadily look towards new works and new horizons.
-
-From all corners of the world he hears: that he has given to the time
-the book most brimming with the whole seething life of the time; that he
-has given men the book most permeated with the essence of music and
-Orphean effects; that he has created an entire human race, a race in
-which all ages of life and degrees of development, in which women as
-well as men are equally convincing in truth to life; that he has given a
-work overflowing with ideas, with philosophy of life, with vital help,
-by exhibiting a great human life in all its weakness and in all its
-strength. And assuredly this will give him joy.
-
-But he will feel proud only when the word comes that his French heart
-longs to hear: The people that has given to the world such a work is
-not, as its enemies say, going to destruction. That nation is ever
-potent with the energy of life.
-
-Rolland’s great book is not merely a glorious revelation of the fact
-that all the greatest ideas that France has given the world live ever in
-the French people. It demonstrates also that mankind needs the French
-spirit always in order to realize them.
-
-
-
-
- Poems
-
-
- WITTER BYNNER
-
-
- I Shall Come to You Again
-
- If you have pity, pity me a little,
- For I had seen your pitiless lips and dared them
- And I deserve the pity given fools...
- Your mouth was passion but your eyes were love.
- Your mouth might soon consent to harshness, but your eyes,
- Your eyes would see me and be kind to me.
- I should not suffer, loving you.
- I should but carry the heroic pain of love.
- Wounds that might come from hardness of your heart,
- If I received them, I should heal, watching the everlasting pity of your
- eyes...
- If you have pity, pity me a little.
- I who had seen your cruelty and dared it
- Am stricken with it now
- And have come through the streets in daylight
- As though the daylight were the sound of laughter
- Surrounding and consuming me.
- I have put up my hands to ward it off,
- The heaviness of light that would not let me hide
- But held me and looked leering in my face...
- For there has come a passer-by ....
- And you have come with him.
- I have no hatred for the passer-by, and none for you,
- But hatred only of my own humiliation,
- For I had challenged and been overthrown...
- If you have pity, pity me a little.
- For I who love life
- Have heard its mouth despise me
- And have seen its eyes, that had been kind, turn into stone.
- Wherefore I lack new strength, new laughter.
- And in the time before that strength is due,
- If you have pity, pity me a little.
- But if you have none—soon I shall have no need.
- For I who choose life,
- Shall receive my strength,
- And I shall come to you again, laughing with love...
- For my humiliation shall have been a rain,
- Its arms about me and its lips alive.
- And I shall walk in daylight
- And it shall be a singing waterfall
- Surrounding me and pouring over me.
-
-
- Sicilia
-
- (_In memory of Salvatore Garrito who was hanged at Reading,
- Pennsylvania, October 29, 1908, for the killing of a State
- Trooper._)
-
- “It shows you on that paper where she lives,
- In Sicily. Write her that I today
- Am dead for having killed my second man.”
- “Your second?” “Yes, sir, two. It’s not so bad
- To kill a trooper. But I killed, before,
- A friend who, like my brother and like me,
- Loved her in Sicily. The jury thought
- My brother did it. He’s been all alone
- In jail eight years. Tell her I shall be glad
- If now she gets him out and marries him.”
-
-
- Christian
-
- Truth heard him ask employ
- And took him in,
- A poor unfriended boy,
- As her own kin,
- And everything she made
- She taught the youth.
- When he had learned her trade
- He went from Truth.
-
- And when his eyes were dim
- And he was rich,
- Then Truth returned to him
- Out of a ditch,
- Poorer than he had been,
- Pleading she came...
- He would not let her in
- Nor ask her name.
-
-
- Marriage
-
- Shall marriage never be the glory
- That was wooed?
- But ever enervate and vex,
- Obstruct, intrude,
- And make more wistful and complex
- The solitude,
- Trying to tell the human story
- To its brood?
-
- No matter how the homes are humming
- In a mood
- Of ecstasy or sentiment
- Or love renewed,
- What favored two can circumvent
- The ancient feud?—
- Till both in one shall die, becoming
- Multitude!
-
-
-
-
- A Glimpse at Russia
-
-
-Wars have been the landmarks in Russian modern history. The Napoleonic
-war was followed by the insurrection of the Decembrists, the first
-attempt on the part of liberal Russia to break the autocracy. The iron
-reign of Nicolas I culminated in the Crimean campaign, which revealed
-the utter rottenness of the old order and necessitated the general
-reconstruction of the estate, from the liberation of the serfs to the
-establishment of jury-tribunals. The reaction under Alexander III and
-Nicolas II came to a collapse with the Japanese war, more disastrous and
-richer in results than Sebastopol. It may be interesting to notice that
-each of the mentioned epochs followed the previous one at a space of
-about a quarter of a century, and the fact that the present war broke
-out only ten years after the last one may be interpreted as an attempt
-for self-correction on the part of History. Both the war with Japan and
-the revolution that came as its result were abortive and premature
-phenomena, and were destined “to be continued.”
-
-It is necessary to get an idea of what has occurred in Russia during the
-last ten years in order to understand her present situation and
-perspectives. The Russian people were neither prepared nor desirous of
-fighting against Japan for the Yalou forests, a problem that interested
-only a group of greedy capitalists. Nicolas was egged on by the Kaiser,
-who was more than anxious to involve his neighbor in a mess in the Far
-East, and thus to divert his attention from the Near East where the
-interests of the Triple Alliance demanded the elimination, or at least
-the weakening, of the formidable ally of France. The Czar caught the
-bait, and was rewarded with the Treaty of Portsmouth, which put an end
-to Russia’s ambitions in Manchuria and crippled her international
-prestige, to the immediate advantage of Germany and Austria. The
-defeated bear was forcibly driven to introspection. Her navy almost
-totally destroyed, her army decimated and demoralized, her population
-torn by revolutions and civil warfare, Russia faced a Herculean task.
-The government was confronted with a double problem, to quench the
-internal conflagration, and to get ready for “retaliation.” The first
-aim was more or less achieved; the revolutionists were hanged, shot,
-imprisoned, exiled; the moderate elements and the European financiers,
-who demanded a guarantee for their enormous loans, were hood-winked by a
-semblance of parliamentarism, the butaforial Duma, an institution
-elected and managed practically by the Czar’s ministers. With feverish
-energy the government set out to carry through its second purpose. The
-Dumas were forced to sanction gigantic war-budgets, and the entire
-bureaucratic state was thrown into a crucible of radical, sweeping
-reforms. The reconstruction of the army has become the all-important
-issue. Without naming the potential enemy, all parties, except the
-Socialists, agreed that Russia must concentrate her forces on the
-building up in the fastest possible time of an enormous, efficient,
-_modern_ army. The majority of the people differed with the government,
-however, on one point, as to who should carry out the great task. The
-people have had little confidence in the capability of the bureaucracy
-for self-reformation; they have applied to them the Russian saying,
-“Only the grave can change the hunchback.” Alexander Guchkov, while
-president of the Duma and later as an influential private citizen, has
-revealed the hopelessly rotten state of affairs in the military and
-civil organization of the country, managed by unscrupulous thieves and
-grafters, by useless sinecure-holders from among the nobility and the
-royal family. The reorganization of the state, pointed out Mr. Guchkov
-and his followers, must be taken from the hands of the effeminate and
-imbecile Grand Dukes, and entrusted to representatives of the nation.
-For such a heresy Guchkov had to resign from his post as head of the
-“parliament,” and the work of reconstruction continued to be handled by
-the old _chinovnicks_, the puppets of the Czar and of his uncles and
-cousins.
-
-Public opinion in Russia has been crystallizing simultaneously with
-military preparation and diplomatic negotiations. Austria’s annexation
-of Bosnia and Herzegovina gave Russian diplomacy the gravest slap since
-the Berlin Congress; Wilhelm’s threat to appear in “shining armor” to
-the assistance of his ally compelled foreign minister Sasonov to
-withdraw his protest against Austria’s act. The humiliation was felt
-deeply by all classes; the Russian people have come to regard Germany as
-their bitterest foe, responsible not only for their past and present
-military and diplomatic fiascoes, but largely responsible also for the
-internal retrogressive policy of their government. It has been widely
-known that during the last revolution the Kaiser had counselled Nicolas
-“unrelenting firmness,” and had even offered to “loan” his army for the
-suppression of the uprising. The popularity of the present war in Russia
-is thus explained. The conservatives see in it an opportunity to
-strengthen the power of the autocracy through drummed up patriotism and
-loyalty to the throne; the liberals hope that with the defeat of Germany
-there will come an end to the “dark influence” of the Prussian
-retrogrades on Russia’s policy; the masses are eager to fight against
-the “Antichrists,” the enemies of the Slavs and of the Slavonic church.
-
-Whatever the outcome of this war may be, it has done inestimable service
-for the awakening of Russia. The country has been elevated and purified
-morally and nationally. The abolition of vodka, the unification of
-differing parties and of hostile races, the liberal concessions granted
-by the government,—these are the few tangible results of the war that
-can be checked off already. But there is considerably more to come. The
-ignominious failures of the army have pointed a burning finger of
-accusation against the real enemy of the people, the bureaucracy. The
-Russian soldiers have fought like lions ... led by asses. The shameless
-lack of munition, the use of antiquated guns, the wretched equipment of
-the soldiers, the inefficiency of field-hospitals, the continuing graft
-in giving out contracts, the presence in the army of such time-proved
-nonentities as General Rennenkampf and other Manchurian celebrities,
-these facts have shown to the people that the Czar and his clique have
-forgotten everything and have learned nothing. The general
-dissatisfaction in army circles and among the civilians may bring about
-a storm that will sweep away the tottering throne of Nicolas Romanov.
-
-This is not a mere theoretic conjecture. Since 1904 an intense
-revolutionary propaganda has been carried on within the army and navy.
-The germ of rebellion has penetrated not only the common soldiers, who
-are largely recruited from among the down-trodden peasants and
-workingmen, but also the officers, who have learned a good deal in the
-last ten years. A military _coup d’état_ after the model of the Young
-Turks has become a popular idea with the intelligent officers who cannot
-fail to see that the autocratic régime is a detrimental anachronism.
-There have been persistent rumors about the high ambitions of the
-ex-Supreme Commander. Grand Duke Nicolas is a happy exception among the
-degenerated Romanovs. He has been long considered as the “strong man,”
-and therefore feared and opposed to by the Court-camarilla. Necessity
-compelled the Czar to appoint him commander; his appointment was
-insistently recommended by Joffre and Kitchener. Unlike Kuropatkin, the
-Grand Duke refused to follow dictations from Petrograd. When in early
-spring he received an order from the Czar to evacuate Warsaw, the
-commander telegraphed back that he was willing to obey, but that he
-would move his army against the capital. The order was recalled. The
-fact that he was recently removed from his post and exiled to Caucasia
-shows the growing fears of the Czar, who has lost his head and is hewing
-the branch on which he is still seated. The Grand Duke had performed a
-difficult, although not very spectacular task—that of saving the
-_unarmed_ army from the iron grip of the Germans. Petrograd demanded
-“action,” as it did ten years ago from Kuropatkin. Now that the Czar has
-assumed the commandership of the army one may expect rapid “actions,”
-Sedans and Tzusimas and an early peace treaty as honorable as that of
-Portsmouth.
-
-The sentiments of the population were characteristically voiced by the
-Jewish member of the Duma, Friedman. In his speech he recounted the
-unbelievable atrocities of the Russian authorities performed over the
-Jews in the war-zone. Yet he said: “It is true we are without rights, we
-are oppressed beyond endurance. But we know the foundation of the evil.
-It emanates from these benches (pointing to the Ministers). We are
-persecuted by the Russian government and not by the Russian people. It
-is not to be wondered at, therefore, that we are content to bind our
-fate loyally and faithfully with the fate of the Russian people,
-whatever may be done to us by the Russian government.” The best of
-Russia are unanimously determined that “the foundation of the evil” must
-go. In the last few weeks various bodies of the Russian commonwealth
-have issued grave resolutions condemning the government and demanding
-democratization of the state. A revolution seems inevitable, but, to
-repeat, a military revolution is most likely to take place. The bulk of
-the virile population is within the fighting ranks, and it is there, in
-the army, that the national nerve pulsates at present. Whether it be
-Grand Duke Nicolas, or another capable and popular leader, it is to be
-expected that this time the army will pronounce the verdict over the
-imbecile Czar and will cleanse the Augean stables of the corrupted
-bureaucracy.
-
- K.
-
-
-
-
- Sophomoric Epigrams
-
-
-There is no wisdom but youth. There is no vision but the unafraid
-impulse of unfettered nerves. The follies of youth are the enduring
-expressions of art. Man loses his Ego at thirty and becomes conceited.
-He becomes conscious of others. Life becomes a quibble. But youth!
-Youth, the flower before it has decayed into the mellow moss of age.
-Youth that knows not itself or the world. Youth that laughs at tears and
-weeps at laughter. Youth that paints queer pictures at which the critics
-smile. Illogical youth; arrogant youth; forever annoying the world’s
-stagnation. Youth capering like a fawn in the altar places of the holy.
-Ho! you with the pedantic whiskers and the ossified serenity lurking
-like a fog in your eye—there is no wisdom but youth. Ho! you with the
-murk of maturity thick upon your tongue—will you shape morals? I will
-unshape them. Will you rear dogmas? I will upset them. Will you burden
-the world with your heavy sagacity? I will ignore it. Ho, you didactic
-formulator, debauched with facts, man is born a butterfly and crawls to
-his grave a worm. Man is born young and dies old. Man is born wise and
-dies a fool. The ideas of youth are his wings. Do you see the lightning
-maze of colors forever flashing over your head? It is youth.
-
-Ah! old Ossifus, your erudition is but the husk of my spirit. And my
-spirit is the shop-boy whistling on his way to work, joyous without
-reason for you have proved him an economic slave, stunted and damned
-forever to rot in chains. My spirit is the lover going to his
-ruin-woman, and tumbling out of heaven with a laugh. Ho! ho! old
-Petrifus, you have proved her the root of evil, the despoiler of
-greatness, the velvet vandal of illusions, and yet and yet....
-
-And he is the artist running wild in the china-closet of the past. Have
-you anything sacred, old whiskers? Have you something labelled right and
-something labelled wrong? Show it to him. He will do for it. He is the
-eternal monster killing the dead.
-
-There is no beauty but youth. There is no beauty in age. Ho! you
-doddering banality with the superior tolerance in your stutter, you are
-decomposing on your feet. Age is soiled. Age is dirty. Age drips with
-the phlegm of life. Age is the unclean residue in the cup.
-
-Ho!—there is no tomorrow.
-
-Blessed are the young in heart for they shall be God.
-
- “A. E. D.”
-
-
-
-
- Henri and Manship
-
-
-One grows weary of the quibbling, the petty running about in circles of
-critics, would-be-critics, and students with the eyes of their teachers
-disputing “techniques,” values, and standards in regard to paintings
-that somehow seem to live outside any limits pedants have placed. Out
-from the noise the voice of the artist arises with a strength and
-clearness in words similar to the quality of his paintings. Writing in
-the February _Craftsman_ of this year, telling of his work, his ideas,
-and his “people,” Robert Henri has this to say:
-
-“My love of mankind is individual. I am patriotic only about what I
-admire, and my devotion to humanity burns as brightly for Europe as for
-America. It flames up swiftly for Mexico if I am painting the peon
-there; it warms towards the bull fighter of Spain if in spite of its
-cruelty there is that element in his art which I find beautiful; it
-intensifies before the Irish peasant whose love, poetry, simplicity, and
-humor have enriched my existence just as completely as though these
-people were of my own country and my own hearthstone. Everywhere I see
-at times this beautiful expression of the dignity of life to which I
-respond with a wish to preserve this beauty of humanity for my friends
-to enjoy.... The Chinese American girl who has found coquetry in new
-freedom; the peon, a symbol of a destroyed civilization in Mexico, and
-the Indian who works as one in slavery and dreams as a man in still
-places ... all their lives are in their expression, in their eyes, their
-movements or they are not worth translating into art.”
-
-He very simply tells what he feels about technique, which ought to quiet
-the objection to his or any individual’s methods:
-
-“Technique is merely a language, and as I grow older and see more and
-more clearly I have but one intention and that is to make this language
-as clear and simple and sincere as is humanly possible.... It is a
-language of no value for its own sake.... It must be so translucent that
-it can be forgotten, the value of the subject shining through it.”
-
-A woman who sat for Henri last year for her portrait has this to say of
-him in a recent letter:
-
-“To me he is quite the most wonderful man among American artists; so
-very big yet simple as a child; so very human yet utterly unconscious of
-his humanity. He is much like Whitman only more tender, more subtle. To
-Henri life is his art. That’s what makes him truly great. That’s what
-made him go to the Ferrer School and awaken talent and even genius where
-no one else would have seen anything to awaken. As a teacher Henri is
-perhaps even greater than as a painter. I heard him explain things to
-his class only twice, but I have never heard anything more fascinating
-and vivid. His greatest worth, however, is his sense of freedom, his
-fervent belief that only freedom can bring out the best in the
-individual. He is really an anarchist though he does not label himself
-one.”
-
-And thus the exhibit of twenty-five paintings at the Art Institute takes
-on a broader and more beautiful air. It becomes human and alive even
-though the noise from the studios is confusing.
-
- * * * * *
-
-Paul Manship also has a room at the Art Institute: Greek, Assyrian,
-Japanese, Chinese, Egyptian, Italian, Roman, Gothic, and what not; but
-where, oh where, is Paul Manship—“foremost American sculptor”? The
-incongruous and nerve-racking thing about the collection is that besides
-merely exactly reproducing all the above mentioned periods and styles he
-goes so far as to use two or three in one piece of work. The _Infant
-Herakles: fountain and bowl_ is a terror of complications, with gothic
-gargoyles as the high points of one’s discontent. The American Indian
-(with the African animal skin and the Egyptian hair and Roman face) and
-pronghorn antelope (Egyptian bronze of Alpine antelope) is the property
-of the Art Institute, having been purchased by the “friends of American
-Art”.... The conventionalized Roman busts with the Greek lettering were
-so top-heavy in appearance that I grew quite dizzy....
-
-I found relief in the sculptor of the Ancient Greeks,—peace in the
-simplicity of a strange inspired beauty that intricate handling which
-draws on past glories can never produce.
-
- C. A. Z.
-
-
-
-
- Fairy-Tale Mysticism
-
-
- _Jerusalem, a Novel by Selma Lagerlöf_ (_Doubleday, Page & Co., New
- York_).
-
-Those Scandinavians! I have often wondered at the combination of grim
-strength with childlike imaginativeness that we find in the artists of
-those pale cold lands. In the winter, at twilight, I like to sit with
-closed eyes and to relive old and new Norse sagas, the unbelievable
-wonders told or sung or painted with the perfect earnestness of absorbed
-children; I like to dream then to the accompaniment of the not-smiling
-music of the sad child, Edward Grieg.
-
-_Jerusalem_ is not a novel, not according to the terminology accepted
-_heretofore_. For—may I reveal a secret _en passant_?—we are on the eve
-of the publication of a novel by a Chicagoan who will revolutionize the
-prevailing literary classifications. Another thing which is not! Selma
-Lagerlöf is _not_ a mystic, some of her friends want us to believe; not
-in the Maeterlinckian sense. The book is a series of tapestries to be
-hung in an ideal children’s-room; a web of fairy-tales told in the
-Scandinavian, unsmiling, earnest way. Mystic? Yes, as much as all
-fairy-tales are mystic, as much as all not “clever” and “wonderful”
-children are mystic. A mysticism which instead of lifting us up to the
-clouds brings the clouds down to us; instead of lending us wings and
-making us soar in imperceptible intangible regions, anthropomorphosizes
-gods and spirits and drags them down to terra firma. So convincing! We
-actually see the dead Ingmarssons gathered in a large farm house up in
-heaven; we see their ruddy hard faces, sandy hair, white eyes; we hear
-their slow, heavy, laconic talk. We are not surprised at meeting Christ
-among the pines in the glow of the autumnal sunset. The opening of
-heaven on a winter night before the eyes of the two Ingomars appears as
-ordinary reality. We are in a world where everything is simple,
-believable, possible. And you cannot smile; you are in an earnest
-childlike atmosphere.
-
-Those Scandinavians!
-
- K.
-
-
-
-
- The Reader Critic
-
-
- _UNWORTHY!_
-
-_Rev. W. D. J., Riverside, Ill._:
-
-I used to have great expectations for you. But, pardon the frankness of
-one who has watched the careers of many writers in the past fifty years,
-you are headed now either for _the lake or a padded cell_. God forbid
-you reach either. Let an old man say that the only way to find life is
-to lose it. Forget it and reach out a hand to the poor, the sick, the
-suffering, and the sinning. Happiness comes only in forgetfulness of
-self and ministering to others. It is never the result of a theory but
-of action. I have seen so many wrecked on the reefs toward which you are
-drifting that I am fain to call out and entreat you to find happiness
-where alone it can be found, not in fleeing from the world or cursing it
-but in thanking God you were born into a world where you can be of some
-use to your fellows. Those lines of yours in the September issue might
-have been written by a Heine, a Byron, or a Walt Whitman. But they are
-unworthy of you. You were born to bless your fellows. Be true to your
-vocation.
-
-
- _AN EXAMPLE!_
-
-_R. C. Smith, Chicago_:
-
-Inspiration will never take the place of intelligence, nor enthusiasm
-that of cerebration. Your magazine will die,—as a steam engine would
-grow useless in which no direction toward any cylinder was given to the
-indubitable forces generated in the boiler. For your pages are as a rule
-careless, unconsidered, and inept. Let me give you an example:—
-
-Mr. Huntley Carter, in your September number, wrote on “Poetry versus
-Imagism.” I happen to consider his article an ill-digested congeries of
-vague views; but other persons may feel differently about it. What,
-however, can be the estimation in which every sane and intelligent and
-decently responsible man will hold your magazine and Mr. Carter when he
-has the effrontery to present to us such an example of ineptitude and
-carelessness as this:—
-
-“Browning ... gets to work in a businesslike manner:
-
- _The sun looked over the water’s brim_
- And straight there was a path of gold for him
- _And a world of souls for me_.
-
-I QUOTE FROM MEMORY, BUT I BELIEVE I QUOTE CORRECTLY.” (The capitals are
-mine.)
-
-May I ask—must an enthusiasm for or against the new movements obliterate
-all sense of accuracy, all love of clear and rational communication, all
-fidelity to honest statement, and all interest in truth? Your Mr. Carter
-and his extraordinary indifference to the workaday obligations of
-literary criticism have considerably discouraged my interest in the new
-forces. I can imagine Mr. Carter writing—“Since, as Nansen says, ‘The
-natives of the polar regions are coal-black,’—(_I quote from memory_),
-it must be hotter there than at the equator.”
-
-You have printed many encomiums of your magazine: I shall watch with
-curiosity to see if you print this.
-
-
- _THE WEAKNESS OF REVOLT_
-
-_Dr. Weil, New York_:
-
-The spirit of revolt is compounded from many causes. Even in the average
-young girl of whom Mr. Hecht writes in the August LITTLE REVIEW it
-arises as much from her digestion as from her incomplete physical
-functioning, as much from her work as from her leisure, as much from her
-friends as from her freshness. Mr. Hecht would be the first to admit
-that; would he be equally willing to admit that it meets death
-variously?
-
-He talks only of the family as the snuffer for the flame. This does not
-mean that he excludes other causes, but it does mean that he has
-overemphasized one.
-
-It is true, as Mr. Hecht insists, that the American family tends to
-quell revolt. The battle of the generations is as old as the race; the
-family has always struggled to bring the rebel into line for its own
-preservation. But that struggle in all its various shades of acuteness
-has become a truism of modern thought, thanks to a multiplex modern
-drama, a scientific sociology, and even the daily press. Why discuss the
-subject only to dwell again heavily on the obvious?
-
-The problem is far more complicated. The verdict of guilt against the
-family grows monotonous when returned at every inquest. To place a
-single responsible cause for any tremor to revolt that dies abortive is
-to lack subtlety.
-
-Along with each verdict against the family there is also a verdict
-against the individual. One is not to blame if she is not a genius, but
-if even her greatest emotions are somewhat lacking in poignancy, the
-fluctuating spirit of restlessness in her never reaches the heights
-which demand action.
-
-Along with each verdict against the family there is also a verdict
-against the quality of the revolutionary spirit. Not only are its causal
-factors weak and fluctuating, but the very vagueness which to Mr. Hecht
-constitutes its charm spells also its damnation. A spirit of
-restlessness is, in itself, nothing about which one can go to the
-hilltops and shout, and when it crystalizes in some particular issue,—a
-book, a picture, a small individual right,—the object often seems too
-trivial to struggle for. To be sure the principle is not a small thing,
-but a principle is abstract and when it confronts a concrete bit of
-suffering, it fades by contrast.
-
-The sordid bread and butter difficulties to be faced by one standing
-wholly alone, the scathing force of public opinion, the pain of others
-which, when you love them, is pain to you,—these are realities which
-only the truly big souls dare to face. For most of us the spirit of
-revolt is too diffuse even to demand action, and for most of the rest
-action is too divine a consummation to be compassed by our weak human
-spirit. Not to any external cause really, but to an inherent lack in us,
-is it due that we slowly grow complacent, instead of crusading worthily
-in behalf of liberty.
-
-_Alice Groff, Philadelphia_:
-
-The most of you publishers are such unspeakable Kaisers of Kultur that
-you treat the geniuses who make you what you are as insignificant
-privates in a literary army, which you deploy; keeping them dangling
-upon your critical pleasure, or blowing them to pieces because they do
-not happen to walk the line _you_ mark out.
-
-I suppose this is inevitable, however, in the present social order and
-that there will never be free literary expression until there is
-publishing organization on the part of the whole people for the benefit
-of the whole people. May the universe speed the day of such
-organization.
-
-
-
-
- Have You Read—?
-
-
- (_In this column will be given each month a list of current
- magazine articles which, as an intelligent being, you will not
- want to miss._)
-
-Gaudier-Brzeska’s Art, by John Caurnos. _The Egoist_, September 1.
-
-Havelock Ellis on Birth Control in _Physical Culture_ for September,
-October, November.
-
-The Literature of a Moral Republic, by H. L. Mencken. _The Smart Set_,
-October.
-
-The Undergraduate. _The New Republic_, September 25.
-
-
-
-
- Can You Read—?
-
-
- (_In this column will be given each month a resume of current
- cant which, as an intelligent being, you may wish to be diverted
- or angered or stimulated by._)
-
-International Duty and Hyphenated Americans, by Theodore Roosevelt. _The
-Metropolitan_, October.
-
-In Memory of Lieutenant Rupert Brooke, by Joyce Kilmer. _The Bookman_,
-September.
-
-Llewellyn Jones on New Tendencies in the Arts, in any issue of _The
-Chicago Evening Post Friday Review_.
-
-
-
-
- THE EGOIST
-
-
- An Individualist Review
-
- Subscribe to THE EGOIST and hear what you will get:
-
- Editorials containing the most notable creative and critical
- philosophic matter appearing in England today.
-
- Some of the newest and best experimental English and American
- poetry.
-
- A page of current French poetry.
-
- Reviews of only those books which are worth praise.
-
- News of modern music, of new painting, of French literary and
- artistic life.
-
- A series of translations of Greek and Latin poetry and prose,
- done by young modern poets (began September 1st, 1915).
-
- PUBLISHED MONTHLY
-
- Price—Fifteen cents a number
- Yearly subscription, One Dollar Sixty Cents
-
- Buy some of the back numbers. They are literature, not
- journalism.
-
- OAKLEY HOUSE, BLOOMSBURY STREET, LONDON, W. C.
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-
- National Electric Company, Chicago, U. S. A.
-
- A group is being formed for the study of Russian language.
-
- A group is being formed for the study of Russian literature.
-
- For information inquire at the
-
- LITTLE REVIEW
- 834 Fine Arts Building
-
-
- EMMA GOLDMAN
-
- will lecture at
-
-
- The Fine Arts Theatre
-
- from Nov. 21 to Dec. 5
-
- Subjects to be announced later. All information may be had at the
- office of The Little Review, 834 Fine Arts Building, Chicago.
-
-
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-
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-
-
- Statement of Ownership, Management,
- Circulation, Etc., required by the Act of
- August 24, 1912
-
- of _THE LITTLE REVIEW_ published monthly at
- _Chicago, Ill._ for _Oct. 1st, 1915_.
-
- Editor, _Margaret C. Anderson, 834 Fine Arts
- Building, Chicago_ Managing Editor, _Same_
- Business Manager, _Same_ Publisher, _Same_
-
- Owners: (If a corporation, give its name and
- the names and addresses of stockholders holding
- 1 per cent or more of total amount of stock. If
- not a corporation, give names and addresses of
- individual owners.)
-
- _Margaret C. Anderson_
- _834 Fine Arts Building, Chicago_
-
- Known bondholders, mortgagees, and other
- security holders, holding 1 per cent or more of
- total amount of bonds, mortgages, or other
- securities: _None_
-
- _MARGARET C. ANDERSON_,
-
- Sworn to and subscribed before me this _23rd_
- day of _Sept., 1915_.
-
- _MITCHELL DAWSON, Notary Public._
- (My commission expires _December 20, 1917_.)
-
-
-
-
- THE DRAMA
-
-
- for August Contained This Interesting Material
-
- A LETTER CONCERNING AUGIER, by _Eugene Brieux_ 353
- THE MARRIAGE OF OLYMPE, by _Emile Augier_ 358
- EMILE AUGIER, by _Barrett Clark_ 440
- PARSEE DRAMA, by _George Cecil_ 459
- THE EVOLUTION OF THE ACTOR, by _Arthur Pollock_ 468
- FRANK WEDEKIND, by _Frances Fay_ 479
- DEPERSONALIZING THE INSTRUMENTS OF THE DRAMA, by _Huntley 495
- Carter_
- JAMES SHIRLEY, DRAMATIST, a review by _Charlton Andrews_ 506
- PLAYING HAMLET AS SHAKESPEARE STAGED IT IN 1601, by _Charlotte 511
- Porter_
- CHIEF CONTEMPORARY DRAMATISTS, a review by _Alfred K. Eddy_ 527
- THE SHAKESPEARE TERCENTENARY, _Percival Chubb_ 531
- RECENT MAGAZINE ARTICLES ON THE DRAMA 537
- A SELECTIVE LIST OF ESSAYS AND BOOKS ABOUT THE THEATRE AND OF 538
- PLAYS published during the second quarter of 1915, compiled
- by _Frank Chouteau Brown_
-
- _The Drama_ for November will be a notable number. Rabindranath
- Tagore will contribute an article on the stage that crystallizes
- much of the present diverse generalization, especially in
- discussions of stagecraft. Julius Brouta, perhaps the most
- celebrated drama critic of Spain, will write of the work of
- Benavente, a brilliant Spanish playwright of today. A puppet play
- of Benavente, the popular _Los Interessos Creados_, will be
- printed in its entirety. _The New Stage Art in its Relation to
- Drama_ will be considered from a new point of view by Alice
- Corbin Henderson. The articles begun in the present number,
- _Playing Hamlet as Shakespeare Staged It in 1601_, by Charlotte
- Porter, and _The Evolution of the Actor_, by Arthur Pollock, will
- be concluded.
-
- In November also will appear what promises to be one of the most
- important pieces of dramatic poetry ever written in America,
- Edwin Arlington Robinson’s _Ben Jonson Entertains a Man from
- Stratford_. In beauty of verse, in poetic vision, and in its
- appreciation of the fine human quality of Shakespeare the poem is
- a leading feature of the Shakespeare Tercentenary Celebration.
-
- _The Drama, a Quarterly_
- _$3.00 per year_
-
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- _Chicago_
-
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- Transcriber’s Notes
-
-
-Advertisements were collected at the end of the text.
-
-The table of contents on the title page was adjusted in order to reflect
-correctly the headings in this issue of THE LITTLE REVIEW.
-
-The original spelling was mostly preserved. A few obvious typographical
-errors were silently corrected. All other changes are shown here
-(before/after):
-
- [p. 4]:
- ... me from the golden toombs of youth, from the scarlet graves
- of love, I will ...
- ... me from the golden tombs of youth, from the scarlet graves of
- love, I will ...
-
- [p. 10]:
- ... under the distinction of being a maniacle sensualist, a
- libidinous ruffian, a ...
- ... under the distinction of being a maniacal sensualist, a
- libidinous ruffian, a ...
-
- [p. 14]:
- ... “Peddlars are not allowed on the grounds. He must have
- sneaked in.” ...
- ... “Peddlers are not allowed on the grounds. He must have
- sneaked in.” ...
-
- [p. 22]:
- ... my countrymen the value to them of Memoiren einer Idealisten. ...
- ... my countrymen the value to them of Memoiren einer Idealistin. ...
-
- [p. 27]:
- ... Grune Heinrich.... I have lived more intensely with Jean
- Christophe ...
- ... Grüne Heinrich.... I have lived more intensely with Jean
- Christophe ...
-
- [p. 34]:
- ... faced a Herculian task. The government was confronted with a
- double ...
- ... faced a Herculean task. The government was confronted with a
- double ...
-
- [p. 37]:
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- Aagean ...
- ... the verdict over the imbecile Czar and will cleanse the
- Augean ...
-
-
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-<body>
-<p style='text-align:center; font-size:1.2em; font-weight:bold'>The Project Gutenberg eBook of The Little Review, October 1915 (Vol. 2, No. 7), by Various</p>
-<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'>
-This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and
-most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions
-whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms
-of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online
-at <a href="https://www.gutenberg.org">www.gutenberg.org</a>. If you
-are not located in the United States, you will have to check the laws of the
-country where you are located before using this eBook.
-</div>
-
-<p style='display:block; margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:1em; margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em'>Title: The Little Review, October 1915 (Vol. 2, No. 7)</p>
- <p style='display:block; margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:0; margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em'>Author: Various</p>
- <p style='display:block; margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:0; margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em'>Editor: Margaret C. Anderson</p>
-<p style='display:block; text-indent:0; margin:1em 0'>Release Date: October 17, 2021 [eBook #66551]</p>
-<p style='display:block; text-indent:0; margin:1em 0'>Language: English</p>
- <p style='display:block; margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:0; margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em; text-align:left'>Produced by: Jens Sadowski and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net. This book was produced from images made available by the Modernist Journal Project, Brown and Tulsa Universities.</p>
-<div style='margin-top:2em; margin-bottom:4em'>*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE LITTLE REVIEW, OCTOBER 1915 (VOL. 2, NO. 7) ***</div>
-
-<div class="frontmatter chapter">
-<h1 class="title">
-<span class="smallcaps">The Little Review</span>
-</h1>
-
-<p class="subt">
-<em>Literature</em> <em>Drama</em> <em>Music</em> <em>Art</em>
-</p>
-
-<p class="ed">
-<span class="line1">MARGARET C. ANDERSON</span><br />
-<span class="line2">EDITOR</span>
-</p>
-
-<p class="issue">
-OCTOBER, 1915
-</p>
-
- <div class="table">
-<table class="tocn" summary="">
-<tbody>
- <tr>
- <td class="col1"><a href="#SONGSANDSKETCHES">Songs and Sketches</a></td>
- <td class="col2"><em>Ben Hecht</em></td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td class="col1"><a href="#THEDIONYSIANDREISER">The Dionysian Dreiser</a></td>
- <td class="col2">“<em>The Scavenger</em>”</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td class="col1"><a href="#LEATHERLANE">Leather Lane</a></td>
- <td class="col2"><em>Mitchell Dawson</em></td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td class="col1"><a href="#ETCHINGS">Etchings</a></td>
- <td class="col2"><em>Alexander S. Kaun</em></td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td class="col1"><a href="#THETRUTH">The Truth</a></td>
- <td class="col2"><em>Burt Harris</em></td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td class="col1"><a href="#ROMAINROLLAND">Romain Rolland</a></td>
- <td class="col2"><em>Ellen Key</em></td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td class="col1"><a href="#POEMS">Poems—</a></td>
- <td class="col2"><em>Witter Bynner</em></td>
- </tr>
- <tr class="i">
- <td class="col1"><a href="#ISHALLCOMETOYOUAGAIN">I Shall Come to You Again</a></td>
- <td class="col2">&nbsp;</td>
- </tr>
- <tr class="i">
- <td class="col1"><a href="#SICILIA">Sicilia</a></td>
- <td class="col2">&nbsp;</td>
- </tr>
- <tr class="i">
- <td class="col1"><a href="#CHRISTIAN">Christian</a></td>
- <td class="col2">&nbsp;</td>
- </tr>
- <tr class="i">
- <td class="col1"><a href="#MARRIAGE">Marriage</a></td>
- <td class="col2">&nbsp;</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td class="col1"><a href="#AGLIMPSEATRUSSIA">A Glimpse at Russia, An Editorial</a></td>
- <td class="col2">&nbsp;</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td class="col1"><a href="#SOPHOMORICEPIGRAMS">Sophomoric Epigrams</a></td>
- <td class="col2"><em>A. E. D.</em></td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td class="col1"><a href="#HENRIANDMANSHIP">Henri and Manship</a></td>
- <td class="col2"><em>C. A. Z.</em></td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td class="col1"><a href="#THEREADERCRITIC">The Reader Critic</a></td>
- <td class="col2">&nbsp;</td>
- </tr>
-</tbody>
-</table>
- </div>
-<p class="monthly">
-Published Monthly
-</p>
-
- <div class="table">
- <div class="footer">
-<p class="pricel">
-15 cents a copy
-</p>
-
-<p class="pub">
-MARGARET C. ANDERSON, Publisher<br />
-Fine Arts Building<br />
-CHICAGO
-</p>
-
-<p class="pricer">
-$1.50 a year
-</p>
-
- </div>
- </div>
-<p class="postoffice">
-Entered as second-class matter at Postoffice, Chicago
-</p>
-
-</div>
-
-<div class="frontmatter chapter">
-<a id="page-1" class="pagenum" title="1"></a>
-<p class="tit">
-<span class="smallcaps">The Little Review</span>
-</p>
-
- <div class="table">
- <div class="issue">
-<p class="vol">
-Vol. II
-</p>
-
-<p class="issue">
-OCTOBER, 1915
-</p>
-
-<p class="number">
-No. 7
-</p>
-
- </div>
- </div>
-<p class="cop">
-Copyright, 1915, by Margaret C. Anderson
-</p>
-
-</div>
-
-<h2 class="article1" id="SONGSANDSKETCHES">
-Songs and Sketches
-</h2>
-
-<p class="aut">
-<span class="smallcaps">Ben Hecht</span>
-</p>
-
-<h3 class="section" id="I">
-I.
-</h3>
-
-<h4 class="subsection" id="NIGHT">
-Night
-</h4>
-
-<p class="first">
-<span class="firstchar">W</span><span class="postfirstchar">ho</span> hath not sung to thee, Night? So silent; so deep. But this night
-thou hast given thyself to me. Thy black wings brush silently against my
-soul.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Thou hast come to me, for I feel thee resting like a soft sorrow on my
-heart.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Thou who art alive with the shadowed wounds of ages hast heard me
-crying out to embrace thee, my soul beseeching thee to fold me against thy
-black bosom. And in answer thou hast let the mysticism of thy wonder-gloom
-sink into me until my soul hath opened to receive its kiss.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Tonight no one but I shall sing to thee. For thou art my mistress.
-Thy blackness and mine have wedded. And now thy dark kiss stingeth like
-a pain in me.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Into thy long arms I give myself. Night, Night, thou art so filled with
-longing. I hear the soft lament of thy deep heart murmuring to me.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Thy dim fingers trail across my face in a blind caress.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-I feel thy yielding body that is spirit more than my spirit behind the
-somber veils thou wearest. I possess thee and our sorrows swell into an
-ecstacy.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Night, thou art the beautiful shadow thrown upon the earth by my
-sorrow.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-I have carried thee a buried miracle in my soul of souls until this hour—when
-thou hast taken wings and flown out of me to confront me.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-<a id="page-2" class="pagenum" title="2"></a>
-Night, my Night, let me enter now into thy darkness until all life beats
-in vain outside the obscurity of my soul. I would vanish from myself.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Night, my somber mistress, upon thy face my tears shine as stars and
-make thee more beautiful.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Night, thou art infinity revealed. I will stir thy ancient fires on thy
-cold lips until thou willst thunder to me with thy hidden voices out of thy
-vast silence.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Night, I open my heart to hear but I hear only my heart crying out.
-Speak.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Beautiful one, I sing to thee for bringing me the madness of silence.
-I sing to thee, for thou art mine; for thou art fierce and pregnant with still
-wounds.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Night. Behold! I know thee. I have seen the black flames of thy
-spirit that burn in the depths of thee. I have heard the murmuring music
-of thy tears.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Thou art glorious. Come. Come, thou and I shall make of our sorrow
-rejoicing. Come, place thy long, cool fingers in mine and lead me beyond.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Night! Night! Thy face is paling. Thou art stricken. Thou art
-treading silently away without me.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Night—thou hast taken from me the pain of thy kisses. There hath
-come into thy deep eyes a weariness. Thou art dying. Thou art dying
-from my arms. The red glow of death burneth in thy face and is transforming
-thee.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Night, where shall I find thee again? Where shall I seek thee?
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The dreadful day that is thy white shadow hath come. And a part
-of me hath died.
-</p>
-
-<h4 class="subsection" id="SLEEPSONG">
-Sleep Song
-</h4>
-
-<p class="noindent">
-I lay in a field of black flowers, and there were purple veins and green
-that floated like thin worms about me.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-There were soft thick shapes swaying liquidly, moving unseen, and I
-lay under them gripped by soft thick mists.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Deep under them I lay hidden and they pulled me deeper into the field
-rolling softly around me.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-A sorrow that had pursued me in my soul left me as I vanished, left
-me and floated above the flowers.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-And I saw a white face drifting away like a pale bubble over the top
-of my black garden.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-A white face like a dim sorrow, like a mute pain, drifting far away;
-the white face of a dead love searching in vain for me, in vain.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-<a id="page-3" class="pagenum" title="3"></a>
-The day was a white monster, naked and bellowing; grinning after
-me with its buildings that were jagged rows of dirty teeth. There was no
-place to hide from my sorrow.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-It lay in the sky that winked at me like a vast and blue and relentless
-eye. And it lay in the sun that burned like a golden grotesque. It lay in
-every laugh and in every beauty and in every little bird that lost itself over
-the water.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-I felt the black flowers grow blacker and higher and I moved deeper
-into the blackness.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-And then a sorrow that had pursued me in my soul left me as I
-vanished.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-It floated away over the tops of the black flowers and I saw her white
-face moving from me like a pale bubble.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-I saw the white face of a dead love moving beyond the soft shapes that
-swayed unseen; drifting away like a mute pain and searching in vain for
-me, in vain.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-I ran, but there was no place to run; for the monster day ran after,
-glaring like a white torment, shouting and scampering after, and there was
-no place to hide.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Now the day was a white grave opened to me. Now it was a wide
-wave breaking over me.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-And now it was a great bird, white-breasted and grey-pinioned, flying
-after me and after, bearing my sorrow in its blue beak; racing after me
-until its heart burst in the west and it sank, bleeding gorgeously across
-the sky.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-And still I ran; but now the night came, running after, and there was
-no place to hide from my sorrow.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-I fled in the streets before the darkness. But the stars found me and
-the trees loomed after me and the houselights followed me and the darkness
-wept around me—and they were my sorrow.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-But there on the distant verge, where the night sinks exhausted into the
-blood-red arms of the white monster leaping over the world again, I fell;
-deep I fell.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Far into a hidden land where I lay hidden; hidden in a field of black
-flowers that were threaded with purple veins and green floating like thin
-worms about me.
-</p>
-
-<h4 class="subsection" id="AUTUMNSONG">
-<a id="page-4" class="pagenum" title="4"></a>
-Autumn Song
-</h4>
-
-<p class="noindent">
-My heart scatters tears over the dark day. The dull silvered poplar
-leaves float in the air like dead butterflies.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-It is the autumn come again, speaking with its soft-tongued winds to
-the trees and to me.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-It is cold. I have lost my warmth. I have lost thee. And the autumn
-has come again to tell me of it.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Listen to the sad-tongued winds. See the storm faltering in the street.
-It is cold.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-It is the autumn come again, the autumn in whose wild sad treasures
-we once laughed; once when your hot hands reached out to me like a
-bright cry mocking the somber lisping of the twilight season.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Where are the songs I sang, the songs that leaped out of flame? Do
-they echo still in your listening ears? Do they fall like warm tears in your
-heart?
-</p>
-
-<p>
-See the winds droop wearily into the trembling tree arms. See the
-street grows pale. A dying panoply drifts across the grey-girthed sky.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Ho, Life, I have still a song for you. Though you come whispering to
-me from the golden <a id="corr-0"></a>tombs of youth, from the scarlet graves of love, I will
-make of the lament you bring me—music. I will make of the dull tears you
-bring me—lyrics. I will clothe the grey ghosts of sorrow in rich trappings.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-For it is only she who hath died. It is only she whom I loved with all
-my soul. Though my heart scatter tears over the dark day they are the
-tears of plenty. For her death hath enriched me.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-For the autumn is come again speaking with its soft-tongued winds to
-the trees and to me things I have never heard before; things that her white
-breasts never told me; things that her burning lips never said to me; wild,
-sad things that the flame from whence my songs once leaped never held
-for me.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The dull silvered poplar leaves float in the air like dead butterflies, and
-they are beautiful.
-</p>
-
-<h4 class="subsection" id="DEATHSONG">
-<a id="page-5" class="pagenum" title="5"></a>
-Death Song
-</h4>
-
-<p class="noindent">
-Last night you came and sat by my bed in a little dark room and boasted
-to me like a child.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-“I have come to destroy the sun,” you said; “I will take the great,
-yellow sun in my fingers and blow on it once and it will go out like a
-match.”
-</p>
-
-<p>
-And I wondered, because the sun is so large and hot, how such a little one
-as you could blow it out like a match.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-But you said: “I will blow once into the night and the stars will
-sputter like little flames in a great wind and scatter away in ashes. And
-the moon will spin around and around like a bright coin until it breaks into
-little black bits.”
-</p>
-
-<p>
-And I wondered because the night was so far, how such a little breath
-as yours could reach into its soul.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-But you said: “I will go out and touch the trees and the green leaves
-will shrivel and the brown trunks will vanish. I will breathe just once on
-the houses, the great big houses of iron and wood and stone, and they will
-sway like long pieces of black cloth in the wind and they will melt into a
-dark mist.”
-</p>
-
-<p>
-And I wondered and wondered.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-But you said: “In an instant I will walk up and down all the roads
-you have known; I will wander in all the fields you have wandered and pass
-through all the highways you have been. And each place that I move in
-will cease to be. Under my feet the earth will become a powder and
-vanish.”
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Then you said, for I had ceased to wonder and was listening sadly:
-“I will go to your beloved whose hair is like the silk on the corn and whose
-eyes are like the deeps of the sea and I will smile on her and she will
-become as nothing. She will become as a speck of dust and she will never
-be again.”
-</p>
-
-<p>
-And I wondered again how such a little one as you could make my
-beloved into a speck of dust when she was so beautiful.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-But you said: “I will touch all the faces you have seen with the point
-of my finger and they will change into little dark clouds and I will blow
-them away with the stars and the moon and the yellow sun.”
-</p>
-
-<p>
-And I thought of all the faces you boasted to destroy and wondered—because
-there were so many.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-But you said: “Do you remember the little bird you saw hopping on
-the stones in the park one day: I will go find the little bird and lay my
-hand on her and she will never hop on the stones again.”
-</p>
-
-<p>
-I remembered the little bird.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-<a id="page-6" class="pagenum" title="6"></a>
-And you said: “Do you remember the wide, green water that rolled
-itself into a great colored ball and bounced up and down under the sun?
-Listen—I will go and blow on the water and it will disappear into a single
-drop. And I will bring this drop back to you to wear in your eyes when
-they close.”
-</p>
-
-<p>
-And I wondered and wondered.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-But you said: “Listen:—there is an old woman who smiles when she
-thinks of you. I will walk up behind her and touch her gently on the
-shoulder and she will vanish.”
-</p>
-
-<p>
-And I murmured, “Do not touch the old woman.”
-</p>
-
-<p>
-But you said: “Listen:—I will lay my hand over all the wild notes
-and sweet notes you have heard and they will be hushed. I will kill the
-songs that lie unborn in the earth and the sea and the cherry trees and in
-the white throats of birds and women and in the hearts of men.”
-</p>
-
-<p>
-And I wondered how such a little one as you could hush so great a
-chorus.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-But you came closer to me and said: “I have come to destroy the
-world for you, to pluck out every little blade of grass and every flower, to
-brush away the stars and kick over the hills and tear up all the fields.”
-</p>
-
-<p>
-It was dark in the little room where we were and I sighed.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-And you came closer to me and said: “I will gather up in a great,
-black bag everyone and everything and every God you have known and I
-will drop them into a great, black hole. And listen:—and then you will be
-alone.”
-</p>
-
-<h3 class="section" id="II">
-II.
-</h3>
-
-<h4 class="subsection" id="THESYNAGOGUE">
-The Synagogue
-</h4>
-
-<div class="poem-container">
- <div class="poem">
- <div class="stanza">
- <p class="verse">This street in the ghetto looks at night</p>
- <p class="verse">Like a prison corridor,</p>
- <p class="verse">And the houses facing it are dark cells.</p>
- </div>
- <div class="stanza">
- <p class="verse">And then you come to a block where the rickety, thin tenements</p>
- <p class="verse">Rise like gnawed, patient pencils tracing crazy star lines</p>
- <p class="verse">In the sky.</p>
- </div>
- <div class="stanza">
- <p class="verse">And then you come to the Synagogue of Judas the Servant,</p>
- <p class="verse">A little church of the Jews</p>
- <p class="verse">Crouching on its knees</p>
- <p class="verse">And enveloped in the rags of cheap saloons and hovels.</p>
- </div>
- <div class="stanza">
-<a id="page-7" class="pagenum" title="7"></a>
- <p class="verse">It thrusts its iron star into the night</p>
- <p class="verse">Like a strange voice whispering in a dark place.</p>
- <p class="verse">And its stained walls impregnated with an ancient faith</p>
- <p class="verse">Murmur stoically to the stars of burning prayers and hopeless sobs</p>
- <p class="verse">And other things they have never heard.</p>
- </div>
- <div class="stanza">
- <p class="verse">And if you stand before it for a time</p>
- <p class="verse">Strange wild things will cry out of the shadows,</p>
- <p class="verse">And you will see the torn, bleeding image of a race</p>
- <p class="verse">Whom Christ crucified.</p>
- </div>
- </div>
-</div>
-
-<h4 class="subsection" id="INTHESUN">
-In the Sun
-</h4>
-
-<div class="poem-container">
- <div class="poem">
- <div class="stanza">
- <p class="verse">O what a day!</p>
- <p class="verse">The buildings are bursting into bloom—</p>
- <p class="verse">Huge, dazzling flowers sweeping against the heaven;</p>
- <p class="verse">Dizzy ferns waving like dreadful fans under the flying clouds.</p>
- <p class="verse">The shining windows flutter down like a shower of golden petals.</p>
- </div>
- <div class="stanza">
- <p class="verse">O what a day!</p>
- <p class="verse">The buildings are crashing into bloom;</p>
- <p class="verse">Gleaming stalks of purple sprawling with a graceful frenzy into space.</p>
- <p class="verse">Smoke monsters dance lazily over their heads.</p>
- <p class="verse">The sky swims like a blue butterfly in and out among them.</p>
- <p class="verse">The streets race away.</p>
- <p class="verse">A golden wind sweeps with a roar through the world that has become a fierce gorgeous garden, and it nods breathlessly.</p>
- <p class="verse">Out of its blazing depths color leaps and the growling music of a torn God singing in pain.</p>
- </div>
- <div class="stanza">
- <p class="verse">O what a day.</p>
- <p class="verse">Beauty bursting into madness.</p>
- </div>
- </div>
-</div>
-
-<h4 class="subsection" id="ONTHEBEACH">
-<a id="page-8" class="pagenum" title="8"></a>
-On the Beach
-</h4>
-
-<div class="poem-container">
- <div class="poem">
- <div class="stanza">
- <p class="verse">The lake comes gliding in and in,</p>
- <p class="verse2">And gliding out it goes,</p>
- <p class="verse">Running up and back on the ribbon of the beach</p>
- <p class="verse2">That plays with its silver toes.</p>
- </div>
- <div class="stanza">
- <p class="verse">And the lake reaches down to the hem of its gown</p>
- <p class="verse2">With its cool curved wind of a hand,</p>
- <p class="verse">And throws out its petticoat lacy and white</p>
- <p class="verse2">With a swish-swish over the sand.</p>
- </div>
- <div class="stanza">
- <p class="verse">Its blue dress fluttering, tinted with the sun,</p>
- <p class="verse2">Hangs from its girdle white-spaced,</p>
- <p class="verse">And a far ship riding with its nose in hiding</p>
- <p class="verse2">Stands black like a buckle at its waist.</p>
- </div>
- <div class="stanza">
- <p class="verse">It begins to rain and the lake birds fly</p>
- <p class="verse2">With a whir and an angry screech,</p>
- <p class="verse">As the thin grey fingers reach down from the sky</p>
- <p class="verse2">And tap, tap faintly on the beach.</p>
- </div>
- <div class="stanza">
- <p class="verse">Digging little holes for an elfin folk,</p>
- <p class="verse2">Pointing up the water like a grate;</p>
- <p class="verse">And the sky moves closer like a gust of smoke</p>
- <p class="verse2">And behind it crouch and wait</p>
- </div>
- <div class="stanza">
- <p class="verse">Great half shapes and grey cloud apes,</p>
- <p class="verse2">And a grey, old water crew,</p>
- <p class="verse">And the lake birds fly with their wings awry,</p>
- <p class="verse2">Searching in their faces for the blue.</p>
- </div>
- <div class="stanza">
- <p class="verse">Now the long rain chants in the grasses on the hill,</p>
- <p class="verse2">And the lake runs in with a frightened sound,</p>
- <p class="verse">And sullen and wet the sand sinks low,</p>
- <p class="verse2">Like a heavy brown cloud on the ground.</p>
- </div>
- <div class="stanza">
-<a id="page-9" class="pagenum" title="9"></a>
- <p class="verse">On the hill top green the trees bend away</p>
- <p class="verse2">And brood as they lower and bend,</p>
- <p class="verse">And grey things walk beyond the grey</p>
- <p class="verse2">Where the sands and the waters end.</p>
- </div>
- <div class="stanza">
- <p class="verse">The rain has stopped and the earth like a bride</p>
- <p class="verse2">Has hung white petals in her hair,</p>
- <p class="verse">And the sky draws back till the white clouds ride</p>
- <p class="verse2">Like soft white gardens in the air.</p>
- </div>
- <div class="stanza">
- <p class="verse">And a butterfly flutters like an endless note</p>
- <p class="verse2">Over the lake’s thin brink,</p>
- <p class="verse">And the sand takes off its heavy brown coat</p>
- <p class="verse2">And the cloud apes vanish and sink.</p>
- </div>
- <div class="stanza">
- <p class="verse">The gay water dawns and the grasshopper pipes</p>
- <p class="verse2">And the lake glides in anew,</p>
- <p class="verse">Dressed in greens and in awning stripes,</p>
- <p class="verse2">And little birds leap toward the blue.</p>
- </div>
- </div>
-</div>
-
-<div class="chapter">
-
-<h2 class="article" id="THEDIONYSIANDREISER">
-<a id="page-10" class="pagenum" title="10"></a>
-The Dionysian Dreiser
-</h2>
-
-</div>
-
-<p class="first">
-<span class="firstchar">T</span><span class="postfirstchar">heodore</span> Dreiser is the greatest novelist in America. It is not
-a distinction. He has written poor novels. His latest novel, The
-“Genius” published by John Lane Company is loose in parts. It limps.
-It loses its breath. It grows thin. But it is a novel of sweep and magnitude,
-of sledge hammer blows and fine chiseling. In the caramel chorus of America’s
-chirping fictionists Dreiser raises the smooth, virile voice of an artist.
-And there is no voice like his in America.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-I prefer to write of what Dreiser has done in The “Genius” than to tell
-in detail of what it is about. Calmly, aloofly with a consummate dispassion
-Dreiser has thrust his magic pen home into the heart of American Puritanism.
-God forgive him. God forgive the publishers. God forgive everybody
-who reads the book and forgive me who write about it. For American
-Puritanism is a sacred thing, as sacred as the gilt on the cathedral altar
-places, as hallowed as the bathroom in a bawdy house. And Dreiser has
-peeled off the gilt and ruthlessly thrust open the door. May he be cursed
-with the wrath of an avenging public conscience. May he be made to wither
-under the distinction of being a <a id="corr-2"></a>maniacal sensualist, a libidinous ruffian, a
-lascivious distiller of corrupting langours. Amen.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Against the gray-dirt background, the shallow-hued smears of his
-many contemporaries, Dreiser’s book stands forth like a red cry of truth.
-It is not the book of a man enraged with the narrowness of a country, sputtering
-against the insipidity of its composite ideals. Dreiser never descends
-to the punitive hectoring of a Robert Herrick. Nor does he join the plaintive
-assaults upon the pusillanimous conventions which characterize the “advanced”
-fiction of the country. He does not make his men and women
-vehicles for the antiquated day dream of brotherhood bosh. He does not
-prostitute his work in dramatizing the current quibbles, marketing asinine
-public convulsions in the literary capsules so commonly compounded by our
-quack “creators.” All these things he does not do and if the reading public
-of today will not reward him, the God of Dostoevsky, Flaubert, Huysmanns,
-Shakespeare and Ambrose Bierce will.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-What Dreiser does do is tell a straightforward story, tell it with all
-the painstaking genius of the old Flemish painters. And he uses for his
-background not the isolated strata of any single calling, but a country—your
-world and mine and our neighbor’s. Life is greater than any of its
-truths, sings Theodore Dreiser. There are many kinds of good, many kinds
-of standards and many kinds of virtue. There is the virtue of farmer Blue,
-the solid, masculine, clear and open virtue rooted in the laws of the land
-and the rigmarole of society; thriving on the long, brown roads, the
-ploughed fields and the homely beauties of existence. And there is the
-virtue of Eugene Witla, the aesthetic, vibrating pursuit of beauty rooted in
-<a id="page-11" class="pagenum" title="11"></a>
-the soul of the artist, thriving on the illusive lust of women, the intangible
-urge of inspiration; spitting in the face of laws unnatural to it and the fallacies
-that would be its fetters. Yes, says Dreiser, (I do not quote him), life
-is a wide field bearing on its bosom beautiful flowers that do not resemble
-each other and that require widely different care and nourishment. To
-think that such commonplaces should be distinctive notes in the art of a
-country! But they are. If you have read these things into novels before
-you have not read them into American novels. I do not recall a single hero
-in American fiction, who is not a Puritan, who does not suffer when he
-sins, whom the indulgence of his desire for women does not inspire to repentance
-and “reform” and success as the blue literary laws of America
-demand. For further particulars on this general subject see Mr. Mencken’s
-fulmination in last month’s Smart Set.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-On this broad canvas of thought it is that Dreiser works. In his
-new novel he begins in a little town in Illinois. Out of the midst of a mediocre
-family living in the concentric provincialism of the middle west he
-launches his young hero Witla—a lad suffering from dreams and stomach
-trouble and a vague distinguishing unrest. His types are masterpieces.
-His style, shorn of pretentious reticence or rhetorical pomp, is the painstaking
-and poetical diction he revealed in Jennie Gerhardt. But he is not infallible.
-There are sentences, paragraphs which jar. Although his strokes in delineating
-character and situation are swift and certain, his language often
-seems lame, his words watery, his phrases trite. But these are as the flaws
-of a panoramic pen crowded at moments to a point of impatience and not
-the faults of a weak writer. The effect is untouched. His people breathe
-out of the pages. They are personalities. From beginning to end Dreiser
-reveals a psychology of character amazing in its range and detachment.
-Witla as a boy lives in Alexandria, Illinois. Dreiser traces the development
-of his soul and sex and struggle out of the blanketing bourgois of his birthplace.
-The young ’Gene answers the call of beauty, without knowing what
-it is that calls him. He comes to Chicago. He is a laundry wagon driver,
-a collector for an installment furniture house, a student of the old Art Institute,
-a worker in the art department of a newspaper. Dreiser traces
-him out of the half way stratas of Chicago to New York, to success, and
-then through a labyrinth of incidents all interesting and big. He follows
-him through one development after another until Witla, the painter, realizes
-himself. I cannot begin to tell what the book is about. It is partially a
-depiction of the struggle between an artist husband and a “good woman”
-who is his wife, partly the struggle between the flesh and the spirit of the
-same husband and the tale of their final adjustment. It is an Odyssey of a
-type of man in whom the future of the arts rest as they always have rested.
-In the 736 pages there are persons of every type. You will meet everyone
-you have known and many you have dreamed of knowing. Every shade
-of womanhood flashes between the covers. It is as a novel should be—complete.
-<a id="page-12" class="pagenum" title="12"></a>
-It tingles with the quick spasmodic life of the city, of the country,
-the factory, the field, the drawing room. And above all, it breathes the
-atmosphere of America’s art life, the lively, struggling workers of the studio.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Witla, however, remains Dreiser’s calm, masterful argument against
-the one-sided perversions of the Puritan. Witla is a genius. What are you
-going to do with him, you proselyting blue stocking? Such a detached study
-in perfidious polygamy is enough to damn the very printers who set the
-type for the book. Here is a man of strong ideals, great productive talent,
-an indispensable contributor to life, who naively considers setting up an
-establishment for his pretty model just after he has proposed matrimony to
-the woman he loves at the time with all the finest desires of his nature; a
-miserable fellow who ruins and ravishes without compunction every shapely
-creature who crosses his path. He is without even unconscious morality,
-innate morality. Woman is beauty when she is anything and to possess
-beauty is the motive force in his life. His eye possesses the beauty of the
-city’s filth and dirt, the beauty of landscape, his mind possesses the beauty
-of books and talk and other minds, and his body the beauty of passion wherever
-he encounters it. Logical, natural, primitive and entirely artistic. But
-immoral? God, yes. No one woman can satisfy a man unless he deliberately
-stunts himself, is the Dreiserian Gospel. A man needs blonde women,
-brunette women, short ones and tall ones, radical ladies and conservative
-creatures—that is, a man like Witla does. And is Witla a supreme type, a
-distinctive Sanine sort of fellow? Not a bit of it. Whether Dreiser thought
-he is, I don’t know. He doesn’t say. But he isn’t. He is man and not
-artist in his “sins.”
-</p>
-
-<p>
-There is naturally more color to his escapades, to his “pursuit of beauty,”
-for he is the “genius” with an eye to shades and a soul for nuances not possessed
-by his more hum drum brothers. To him matrimony is naturally a
-pit, a degradation, a series of cages, for he is the eternal masculine. But
-how many men are there who have always been faithful to their wives?
-What? I do not know of a single one. In his high lighted type of Witla,
-Dreiser tells of this rudely, brutally and beautifully—with the indifference
-of a Juggernaut and the cunning of a magician.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Really, you of the firm-fireside-faith, what is there to be done? Here
-is the Dionysian dastard who dares proclaim that life is a decent, orderly
-routine and that life is also a wild, warm passionate thing; that it is also a
-flame in which there is only one color, the red, golden color of youth.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-And the answer is—howl. A howl will go up, I swear it. It will start
-from the critics.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-I can almost read their forthcoming reviews as I close my eyes.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-“A sensually depraved and degenerate type.”
-</p>
-
-<p>
-“Striking at the bed rock of public solidarity, of home happiness, of
-everything decent and worth while.”
-</p>
-
-<p>
-And America’s reading public—“Horrible, filthy.”
-</p>
-
-<p>
-<a id="page-13" class="pagenum" title="13"></a>
-Howl, you who have stultified your artists and buried them under the
-gingerbread morality of your own monotonous lives. Dreiser is the one
-novelist being published in America today who doesn’t listen to you, who
-describes you at your various bests, who wrings the pathos and joys out of
-your little worlds; who paints in with the brush of a universal art what you
-and I are doing in Alexandria and Chicago and New York and all the milk-station
-stops between.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-I am not a disciple of the Dreiserian Gospel. I would like to argue
-with him the certain superiorities of monogamy for the artist. But he has
-limned a hero who is not a sugar-coated moralizer. He has ignored superbly
-the mob-begotten mandates of literary excellence. Whatever his faults of
-composition or construction, and there are not so many as his friends endeavor
-to make out there are, he has magnificently booted the reading public, the
-morally subsidized critics and the very publishers in the coarsest regions of
-their bodies—their souls.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-And for these things I hail him as the greatest novelist in the country.
-I acclaim him as the only real, uncontaminated genius of these States and
-pray to God that my friend Sherwood Anderson will hurry up and get published
-so that there will be two of them.
-</p>
-
-<p class="sign">
-<span class="smallcaps">The Scavenger.</span>
-</p>
-
-<div class="chapter">
-
-<h2 class="article" id="LEATHERLANE">
-Leather Lane
-</h2>
-
-</div>
-
-<div class="poem-container">
- <div class="poem">
- <div class="stanza">
- <p class="verse">Three restless gas-jets</p>
- <p class="verse">In Leather Lane;</p>
- <p class="verse">A thousand faces,</p>
- <p class="verse">Wandering in the night,</p>
- <p class="verse">Too dull for pain.</p>
- </div>
- <div class="stanza">
- <p class="verse">God saw;</p>
- <p class="verse">God quenched the light.</p>
- </div>
- <div class="stanza">
- <p class="verse">But God had not choked</p>
- <p class="verse">The clamor of gaunt curses</p>
- <p class="verse">That stalk in Leather Lane,</p>
- <p class="verse">Uncloaked,</p>
- <p class="verse">Blatant with strength of dour years.</p>
- </div>
- <div class="stanza">
- <p class="verse">God heard;</p>
- <p class="verse">God stopped His ears.</p>
- </div>
- <div class="stanza">
- <p class="verse">Ho!</p>
- <p class="verse">God had forgot His nose,</p>
- <p class="verse">And in the stench that rose</p>
- <p class="verse">From Leather Lane,</p>
- <p class="verse">God died.</p>
- </div>
- <div class="stanza attr">
- <p class="verse">—<em>Mitchell Dawson.</em></p>
- </div>
- </div>
-</div>
-
-<div class="chapter">
-
-<h2 class="article" id="ETCHINGS">
-<a id="page-14" class="pagenum" title="14"></a>
-Etchings
-</h2>
-
-</div>
-
-<p class="aut">
-<span class="smallcaps">Alexander S. Kaun</span>
-</p>
-
-<h3 class="section" id="IGRATITUDE">
-I. Gratitude
-</h3>
-
-<p class="first">
-<span class="firstchar">O</span><span class="postfirstchar">n</span> the play-grounds. The pretty girl and I withdrew from the noisy
-festival to the desolate fountain. It was too hot to think, so I merely
-talked.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-An old, ragged, grey-bearded, gibbous Jew, with a basket over his arm,
-was slowly approaching us.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The meaningless eyes of the pretty girl clouded.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-“<a id="corr-6"></a>Peddlers are not allowed on the grounds. He must have sneaked in.”
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The Jew stood at our side. He said nothing, but his timid eyes
-appealed.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-It was too hot to think, but for a moment I thought that a waft of
-eternity breathed upon me from out the sad, timid eyes, and from out the
-folds of the soiled old coat, and from out the clotty grey beard of the
-descendant of Isaiah and the Maccabees.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-“I shall buy some peaches, yes?”
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The pretty girl twitched her little nose.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-“But they are dusty.”
-</p>
-
-<p>
-“Oh, no. See, they are covered.”
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The sad, timid eyes smiled at me. I looked into the depth of those
-eyes-of-ages. A half frivolous notion passed through my mind: I raised
-the fruit, and pronounced the ancient Hebrew blessing:
-</p>
-
-<p>
-“<em>Barukh atah, Adonay, elohenu melekh haolam, bore pri haetz.</em>”
-(Blessed art Thou, O Lord, our God, creator of the fruit of the tree.)
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The sad eyes became faintly radiant and moist. A suggestion of a
-smile appeared around the hairy mouth. The lips mumbled something inaudible.
-A lean brown hand rubbed the glossy side of the coat, and
-tremblingly extended to me. I grasped it, embarrassed.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-“<em>Lange Johren magt Ihr hoben, lange Johren auf Euch!</em>” (Long
-years may you have, long years unto you!)
-</p>
-
-<p>
-I turned to the pretty girl. With her handkerchief she was diligently
-rubbing off a drop of juice from her white blouse.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-It was too hot to think, so I resumed our playful talk.
-</p>
-
-<h3 class="section" id="IINOCTURNE">
-<a id="page-15" class="pagenum" title="15"></a>
-II. Nocturne
-</h3>
-
-<p class="noindent">
-It was night, and soft and blue and starry. A uniformed nurse emerged
-from the dark alley of the park, and heavily dropped on the bench where
-I sat. For some time she leaned backward, her eyes closed, her breast
-heaving, her mouth half open. Then she looked widely, straightened herself,
-sighed deeply, and casually glanced at me and at my box of paints.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-“Are you an artist?”
-</p>
-
-<p>
-“Yes. Obviously, you are a nurse?”
-</p>
-
-<p>
-She nodded, and burst forth into a rapid talk, as if she had long been
-waiting for an opportunity to unburden herself.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-“Just got off duty. See those lighted windows across the road? That
-is our hospital. Ah, I shan’t stand it much longer. Moans and groans,
-suffering, tears, madness—God! You know, it starts at twilight. As soon
-as the sun sets all the miseries get loose. Even the quiet patients become
-delirious and raise bedlam. And so till midnight. It will drive me insane.
-Give me a cigarette, will you? There is nobody around at this time.”
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Her “shop talk” bored me. Silently I gave her a cigarette and a light,
-and watched her inhaling the smoke eagerly and intently. Her grey striped
-dress with the tight white apron outlined a light, slender body, a supple
-breast, and full strong arms. Her face was in the shadow, but my professional
-eyes noticed its lovely oval contours. The little white cap seemed
-toyishly small on the vast mass of disobedient hair. She flung away the
-cigarette, and turned to me:
-</p>
-
-<p>
-“Thanks, stranger. Why don’t you say something? Ah, what a night!
-See the blue mist away there beneath the trees, and see that big oak—it’s
-like a tower. Gee, I am getting romantic. Ah, what a night!”
-</p>
-
-<p>
-I was amused with her half bookish, half street-talk. Somehow she
-did not irritate me, as the rest of the people did, with her trivial remarks
-on things which I believed to belong exclusively to the realm of colors
-and music.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-“Look!” She grasped my hand. “See the star falling? There, it
-dropped into the lagoon. Ah, I smell hyacinths, do you? Hey, if you are
-not going to say something, I’ll smash you!”
-</p>
-
-<p>
-She snatched off my hat, threw it high up in the air, and, laughing
-loudly, ran away, dropping her cap on the grass. I picked it up, and pursued
-her. She was a swift runner, and we raced a long while across the
-wide lawn before I caught her. In the dim bluish light she stood at my
-side, a savage figure with stormy cascades of hair over her face and shoulders,
-with flashing eyes, open mouth, dilating nostrils. In my professional
-delight (I never lose my self-consciousness) I seized her by the waist and
-lifted her up above me. She waved her good arms and shrieked in joy,
-tossing her Medusa-head, arching her tense chest, quivering in ecstacy.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-<a id="page-16" class="pagenum" title="16"></a>
-“Hey, there. Cut that out!”
-</p>
-
-<p>
-A husky policeman on a motorcycle approached us. He dismounted,
-looked at us (I was still holding her in the air), and burst into a hoarse
-guffaw.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-“Well, I’ll be.... Beat it now. It’s improper.”
-</p>
-
-<p>
-I handed her the mussed white cap. She twisted it with her fingers,
-and her lips muttered somnolently:
-</p>
-
-<p>
-“And at six thirty in the morning I must be on duty....”
-</p>
-
-<h3 class="section" id="IIIWILLTOPOWER">
-III. Will to Power
-</h3>
-
-<p class="noindent">
-At a crossing line on a Saturday night about 2 A. M. Tired men,
-women, children, families, couples, waiting for a street car. Some lean
-towards the wall, some sit on the sidewalk, on the garbage-box, on the curb.
-Dull silence. The June night rolls on indifferently.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Suddenly the calm is disturbed by violent screams and oaths. A
-woman is hurled out by invisible hands from the corner-hotel. She crosses
-the street towards the waiting crowd, staggers, waves her big handbag,
-and swears hideously.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-No response. The ennui on the faces remains unstirred. The coarse
-solo of the prostitute, who ejaculates fantastically ugly verbs, nouns, adjectives,
-bespatters the velvet night.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-A baggy figure in a battered derby rises from the sidewalk, and hesitatingly
-accosts the woman.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-“You stop this noise....” Then threateningly: “Want to take a
-ride?”
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Her foul flux interrupted, the woman thrusts her red face into the
-man’s, and hisses half coquettishly, half contemptuously:
-</p>
-
-<p>
-“A ride? With you, sweetheart? Sure!”
-</p>
-
-<p>
-He grabs her by the shoulder. His face grows pale.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-“Come on, now. Move on, I tell you!”
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The woman shrieks and struggles.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-“Let go! Look what he is doing to me! Who are you? You are not
-a detective.... Let go!”
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The crowd does not stir. Some one yawns desperately. A little boy
-whimpers, and clings to his dozing mother.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The man drags his shrieking victim. He pulls out a chain of keys,
-and swings it triumphantly. The woman screams and hits her assailant on
-the face with her heavy handbag. New figures appear from the adjoining
-streets. A voice is heard:
-</p>
-
-<p>
-“Maybe he is not a detective.... Hey, where’s your star?”
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The man’s pale face twitches convulsively. The woman feels encouraged,
-strikes him short, rapid blows, and shouts wildly:
-</p>
-
-<p>
-<a id="page-17" class="pagenum" title="17"></a>
-“He is not a detective! Look what he is doing to me!”
-</p>
-
-<p>
-A big fist plunges into the man’s face. He gasps, and falls. When
-he rises, a shower of fists meets him. Many of the erstwhile indifferent
-figures are now up, eager to lay a hand on the imposter. Like a toy, he falls
-and rises, looking astonished, in a trance.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The long-awaited car suddenly plunges into the imbroglio. Men,
-women, children, push and justle at the narrow entrance.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The man stands alone, hatless, wiping a bleeding face with his sleeve,
-muttering faintly:
-</p>
-
-<p>
-“I am a detective.... I am.”
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The night rolls on indifferently.
-</p>
-
-<div class="filler">
-<p class="noindent">
-The soul of music is something more than the
-soul of humanity expressing itself in melody, and
-the life of music something more than an audible
-dramatization of human life.—<em>Arthur Symons.</em>
-</p>
-
-</div>
-
-<div class="chapter">
-
-<h2 class="article" id="THETRUTH">
-<a id="page-18" class="pagenum" title="18"></a>
-The Truth
-</h2>
-
-</div>
-
-<p class="aut">
-<span class="smallcaps">Burt Harris</span>
-</p>
-
-<p class="first">
-<span class="firstchar">T</span><span class="postfirstchar">he</span> truth, my friend? There is no truth. It is impossible for the human
-mind to attain the truth. You can tell the truth with reservations,
-with omissions. Perhaps you can speak the truth that is only part truth.
-Yes, that is often done by virtuous people and by clever people. But to
-speak the truth, the whole truth and nothing but the truth, to place your
-soul naked before either God or man,—that, my friend, is impossible. I
-have listened to women lie. Sometimes it is only necessary to watch. And
-it is the same with a man.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-What? A man will tell the truth before God? You are quite wrong.
-A man will lie to himself and he will lie to his God. I know. I listened to
-a man lie to God. I will tell you the story.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The man’s name was Henry Spencer. You perhaps remember it. He
-was a murderer. One of his victims was a tango teacher named Mrs.
-Allison Rexroat. When the body of Mrs. Rexroat was found behind a
-clump of bushes in a lonely spot the police somehow blundered upon a
-clew. In four days they traced the murder of the woman to Henry Spencer.
-They wove a net of evidence about him. Oh they are clever, sometimes, my
-friend. On the fifth day Henry Spencer sat in the police captain’s office and
-they sweated him. After five hours he confessed. Ordinarily this means
-nothing. I have seen criminals confess to crimes of which they were innocent.
-Sweating is an unintelligent process, but then criminals are unintelligent
-persons and for a stupid mind the whole affair becomes quite an ordeal.
-The police captain says, “You did.” The criminal replies, “I didn’t.” It is
-very simple, my friend, but very wearing; particularly when there are five
-policemen to say “You did,” and none but yourself to say “I didn’t.” But
-it happened this time that the policemen blundered upon a real confession.
-After five hours Henry Spencer jumped to his feet and shouted, “Yes, I
-did. I killed her.” He was led away. Two days later he repeated his confession
-and elaborated on it. He sketched the murder, described the events
-leading up to it.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The policemen, highly elated, rushed out and verified all he had said.
-They found the hammer he told them he had used where he said he had
-thrown it. They found the effects of the murdered woman where he said he
-had hidden them. Henry Spencer went to trial. A number of attorneys
-defending him pleaded insanity. Spencer upset their efforts by rising in
-the court room and informing the jury he was quite sane and that he had
-committed a number of murders in his life. Given permission by the court
-he informed them that his life had been an extremely illegal one. He
-<a id="page-19" class="pagenum" title="19"></a>
-named five women he had killed. The police, highly elated, rushed out and
-verified his statements. In concluding, the defendant again sought to impress
-them with the fact that he was quite sane and willing to pay the
-penalty for his crimes. In fact several times he cried out from his seat,
-“Hurry up and hang me.”
-</p>
-
-<p>
-You will argue, my friend, that there was an instance where in the very
-depravity of his nature a man attained the naked truth. You are quite
-wrong. Henry Spencer killed the women he said he killed, but he failed
-of the truth. For three months he had sat in his cell figuring the thing out.
-He came to the conclusion that by telling truthfully of his crimes and pleading
-truthfully of his sanity he would create the impression that he was
-indeed a maniac. You see, it is quite simple. Lies are always simple. It is
-only the truth which is impossible to understand. Henry Spencer’s logic
-proved accurate. He convinced the jury that he was a maniac. But he had
-placed too much faith on the technical interpretation of the law. The jury
-sentenced him to hang, anyway. So did the judge.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The date was set and Henry Spencer waited in the jail of a little town
-in Illinois. It is the duty of a large number of people in the world to save
-souls from Hell. Do not think I speak sarcastically, my friend. There is
-nothing wrong in this, except, of course, its utter futility. For two months
-the Rev. Mr. Williams, his wife, and his son visited Henry Spencer daily in
-his cell. They taught him religion. The doomed man was an illiterate. He
-had been brought up in the streets. He spoke English vulgarly and he
-understood nothing. His mind was unformed and his ideas of any particular
-life to be were as vague as his ideas of the life that was.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-So he became religious. This is quite a story in itself, his acquiring
-“faith.” They played hymns in his cell on an old melodeon. Each night the
-Williams family knelt with him and prayed. He found in the Scriptures
-and their promise something that stilled the cold terror of death. His
-nerves became quiet. In fact he became buoyant. You will say it is impossible
-for a man to acquire genuine faith under such circumstances. You
-are quite wrong, my friend. I will prove it to you soon.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-On the day preceding his execution Henry Spencer exhibited the only
-bit of nervousness during his watch for death. He objected to the big clock
-that hung in the corridor outside his cell. He didn’t like the way it ticked.
-You know why. So they removed the clock. How kind people are to those
-whom they are about to destroy. They quite resemble the Gods in the
-matter.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-I am coming now to the point of the story, so be patient, my friend.
-It was a sunny morning in early July. Inside a stockade they had erected
-a scaffold. During the night Henry Spencer sang hymns. The sheriff sat
-on the doorstep of his home adjoining the jail listening and looking at the
-moon and greasing a hempen rope with cold cream which he borrowed
-from his daughter. He was a religious man and the hymns made him sad.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-<a id="page-20" class="pagenum" title="20"></a>
-At ten o’clock the death march started from Spencer’s cell. Now there
-were thirty-eight steps leading to the top of the scaffold which rose high
-above the stockade top. I know this because a young man named Smith and
-I walked up the steps the midnight before and counted them. After counting
-them I made a wager with the young man that Spencer would never reach
-the top unsupported. So I was exceedingly interested when the death march
-entered the stockade. A number of persons were privileged to march in the
-line, and the first to appear was Spencer. He was dressed as if he were
-hurrying to a tennis game—white trousers, white shoes, a soft white collar,
-and a white shirt. On the pocket of his shirt he had pinned a red carnation.
-He walked with a light, springy step. Behind him trailed the Rev.
-Mr. Williams and the others.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Henry Spencer wore a good-natured smile on his face. When he
-reached the bottom step of the scaffold I held my breath. I watched him
-skip nimbly up the stairs, never missing a step, never tripping or hesitating.
-Under more virtuous circumstances the thing would have passed for heroism.
-At any rate I lost the wager.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Spencer stood on the scaffold, the noose hanging over his shoulder.
-The smile had not left his face. Several hundred necks were craned towards
-him. I would have felt chilled to see so many necks at such a time had I
-been he. The sheriff and his assistant began dressing him in a white robe
-that covered him from the neck down.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-He commenced talking at once.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-“My friends,” he said, extending his arm. They strapped it to his side
-as he did so but he continued unflustered. “I am glad of the opportunity
-this gives me of telling you that for the first time in my life I am happy.
-I have found a mother and a God and a friend while I have been in jail
-waiting for death. Although it is going to cost me my life I am glad I am
-here to tell you this. I have repented for my sins. I have made my peace
-with my God and my fellow men. And I am happy, my friends, happy. I
-have found a mother who has shown me the way to peace and salvation.
-I am grateful to Him for the gladness he has put in my heart. Oh, my
-friends—”
-</p>
-
-<p>
-He raised his head to the sky. Standing against the sun in his white
-robe, his face transfigured with a wonderful smile, he looked like some
-Crusader giving himself into the arms of the Virgin. Above him stretched
-the green leafy branch of a tree that rustled faintly in the breeze. A little
-bird sat on a twig and chirped. And still above stretched the pure blue
-sky with its white fleece clouds. Henry Spencer looked at it all—life, the
-little bird, the sky, the green leaves—and smiled; smiled as I have never
-seen a man smile before.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-They strapped his ankles and then the sheriff adjusted the rope around
-his neck with great care. His political future was dependent on his task.
-Spencer resumed talking.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-<a id="page-21" class="pagenum" title="21"></a>
-He recited two long psalms with never a wrong word, and I who had
-listened to him five months ago sat astounded. His voice, his accent, everything
-about him had changed. A theologian could have rendered the psalms
-no more accurately. Then he looked at the sky again. I felt that before his
-eyes the clouds rolled away and God revealed himself, a gigantic figure
-seated on a golden throne. I felt that he saw the cherubs and the angels
-he had read of in the scriptures, perceived the jewelled streets and the
-harpists and Christ waiting with outstretched arms and forgiveness.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-“Yes, my friends,” he went on, “I am not afraid, for I have given myself
-to Christ, pure in spirit, strong in faith.” He quoted from the Bible.
-“See, I smile at it all, for believe me, O Lord, I am happy.” The sheriff
-had lifted the white hood to the man’s head and was beginning to adjust it.
-The smile never left his face, the light that blazed from his eyes never
-dimmed. “I am going to heaven,” he said as they settled the hood on his
-head, “and I want to say only one more thing before I go. My friends, as
-I stand here, I tell you I am innocent of the murder of Mrs. Allison Rexroat.”
-</p>
-
-<p>
-And they hanged him.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The truth? The human ego is too weak for truth. What do you say,
-my friend?
-</p>
-
-<div class="filler">
-<p class="noindent">
-We carry faithfully what we are given, on
-hard shoulders, over rough mountains! And
-when perspiring, we are told: “Yea, life is hard
-to bear!” But man himself only is hard to bear!
-The reason is that he carrieth too many strange
-things on his shoulders. Like the camel he kneeleth
-down and alloweth the heavy load to be put
-on his back.—<em>Nietzsche.</em>
-</p>
-
-</div>
-
-<div class="chapter">
-
-<h2 class="article" id="ROMAINROLLAND">
-<a id="page-22" class="pagenum" title="22"></a>
-Romain Rolland
-</h2>
-
-</div>
-
-<p class="aut">
-<span class="smallcaps">Ellen Key</span>
-</p>
-
-<p class="note">
-(<em>Authorized translation from the Swedish by Mamah Bouton
-Borthwick. Copyright, 1914.</em>)
-</p>
-
-<h3 class="section" id="I3">
-I.
-</h3>
-
-<p class="first">
-<span class="firstchar">I</span><span class="postfirstchar">n</span> Clamecy, a quiet town in Nivernais in Central France, Romain Rolland
-was born in 1866. His family had dwelt for centuries in the little
-place, both as country folk and townspeople. Quite contrary to the inference
-one would draw from <em>Jean Christophe</em>, neither German nor other foreign
-ancestry is discoverable in the family lineage; Rolland is descended
-from pure French Catholic burgher stock. His parents devoted themselves
-with loving zeal to his education; his mother endowing him with a musical
-sense and love of music that made music, from earliest childhood, his passion
-and joy; his father, a notary in Clamecy, gave up his profession that he
-might accompany his young son to Paris.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-It is not the external events of his life, but the spiritual atmosphere and
-environment of his native town, that Rolland depicted in the sixth part of
-<em>Jean Christophe</em>, under the sub-title, “Antoinette.” The landscape of Nivernais
-is a mingling of rivers and canals, great forests and Mont de Moran’s
-peaks. The region unites memorials of the Keltic and Gallic-Roman times
-and cathedrals of the Gothic period, stimulating the historical sense which,
-next to the sense of music, is most characteristic of Romain Rolland.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-He entered the <em>Ecole Normale superieure</em> in Paris, when about fifteen
-or sixteen years of age, and later went to the <em>Academia di Francia</em> in Rome.
-He considers the friendship formed there with Malvida von Meysenburg<a class="fnote" href="#footnote-1" id="fnote-1">[1]</a>
-profoundly significant in his development. As she was a faithful friend of
-Mazzini and Herzen, of Wagner and Nietzsche, in middle age, so in her old
-age she was the friend of Romain Rolland. “Her memory is sacred to me,”
-he recently wrote, and he had continued in regular correspondence with her
-from 1890 until her death in 1903.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Rome exercised a profound influence upon his entire spiritual life. He
-spent there the years 1889 and 1890, and has since made frequent visits for
-longer or shorter periods. Italy is the country which, next to France, he
-knows best and loves most. Germany, on the other hand, which he has
-<a id="page-23" class="pagenum" title="23"></a>
-described in <em>Jean Christophe</em> so vividly that one is convinced he must have
-passed a great part of his life there, he knows only through some minor
-journeys.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-In 1895, he received his doctor’s degree at the University of Paris, and
-presented two theses.<a class="fnote" href="#footnote-2" id="fnote-2">[2]</a> He was, first, instructor in the History of Art at
-the school he had attended; later he became professor of History of Music
-at the Sorbonne, a position he will probably resign; partly, because an automobile
-accident injured his arm so that he can no longer illustrate his lectures
-on the History of Music with the piano; partly, because he has found
-the combination of authorship and lectures too great a strain upon his delicate
-health.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Concerning the literary impressions that were decisive in his development,
-he says that his education, like that of most young Frenchmen, was
-founded upon the classics of the seventeenth century. He found his way,
-himself, to the writers who gave him spiritual sustenance: Shakespeare,
-Goethe, and the Encyclopedists, especially Diderot.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-In 1886, along with his school comrades, he became acquainted with
-Tolstoy. In his book on Tolstoy, Rolland says, “He was the purest light
-that illumined our youth, the cheering star in the twilight of the end of the
-century—our only real friend in contemporary European art.” It was Tolstoy’s
-intoxicating adoration of life that enraptured the young Frenchmen
-as well as the young Northerners. It was the realism in Tolstoy’s art that
-“opened the portals to life”; it was the mysticism in Tolstoy’s nature that
-opened their ears to “the music of the soul for which they longed” ...
-“Tolstoy was to our generation what Werther was to the youth of the
-eighteenth century.”
-</p>
-
-<p>
-“But,” wrote Rolland in a letter, “the most potent influence in my life
-was and continues to be—music. It has been an ever-flowing spring, not
-only for my emotional life, but also for the interpretation of life. For, to
-him who can rightly listen, music is a language that can interpret the subtlest
-emotions of the soul, and reveal manifold secrets which literature has never
-been able to express. If in any degree I understand the German soul, it is
-due to music.”
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Romain Rolland is familiar, alike, with the old German masters of the
-seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, and with those of most recent times.
-<em>Jean Christophe</em>, the world’s greatest novel concerning a musician and
-music, is therefore written by a thoroughly-trained connoisseur and practitioner
-of music; a man who demonstrates that, for his own and for his
-hero’s individual culture, music is the most profound determining influence.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Even though Romain Rolland differs from Tolstoy in questions pertaining
-to his conception of music, still it is in Tolstoy’s spirit that he glorifies
-in this form of art its universal breadth, its power—beyond national boundaries
-and personal limitations—to unite mankind in and through the joy of
-beauty, which is one of the highest conditions of the soul.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-<a id="page-24" class="pagenum" title="24"></a>
-One aspect of Romain Rolland’s literary work is a direct expression of
-his profound belief in the ethical mission of art. He participated ardently
-in the movement, instituted at the close of the last century, that purposed
-to educate the workingman by means of elevated amusements, especially
-plays. But Rolland did not, like Tolstoy, seek to awaken love of mankind;
-he wanted to strengthen power of action and heroism. Rolland has recently
-published the second edition of a book in which he has collected his controversial
-articles, written at the time when he and a group of friends hoped
-to create a new theatre for the awakening people, and thus contribute to the
-encouragement of that energy of action necessary to the solution of the great
-problems the time presents.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Pleasure, enlightenment, energy, says Rolland, are what the theatre
-should furnish the people. Neither the classic drama, which bores the workingman
-to death by presenting to him <em>les parties mortes de l’ame</em>, nor the
-present drama, which injures or lowers him by setting him in a fever of
-sordid passions, is fit for a people’s theatre. It must furnish the best drama
-of the present time, the spectacle in which the serious aspect of the time is
-reflected, or scenes from those earlier phases in which the spirit of struggle
-and of devotion lived; in other words, it must furnish a virile and wholesome
-art.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The heroes of the French Revolution were Rolland’s inspiration for the
-drama, and he utilized the struggles of the time of the Revolution for spectacles
-and folk festivals. At that time he wrote and produced for the people’s
-theatre: <em>Le 14 Juillet</em>, <em>Danton</em>, <em>Les Loups</em>, <em>Le triomphe de la raison</em>. The
-last he has recently published, together with two other early dramas, <em>St.
-Louis</em> and <em>Aërt</em>. They are all, as he himself says, devoted to religious enthusiasm;
-for God, for country, for reason.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-He wished to set these pictures of struggling devotion against the
-cowardice of thought and cowardice of will that he saw everywhere around
-him. He voiced his own sentiment and that of his young kindred spirits
-in the words of one of his heroes, who was condemned to death:
-</p>
-
-<p>
-“Life will be what I will. I have anticipated victory, but I shall be
-victorious.” And in the words of another:
-</p>
-
-<p>
-“You are always thinking of what you can keep or lose. Only think
-of what you can give. Live; be like the water that flows.... The
-world would not exist without that happiness of beings, of flowers in the
-sun, that joy of giving one’s life to the point of exhaustion—which is also
-a joy of dying continually!”
-</p>
-
-<p>
-“It is elder brother to Jean Christophe,” Rolland says, “less robust but
-not less faithful,” who uttered these words, which comprise Rolland’s creed
-in its most succinct formula.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-To revive the energy of action of the French Revolution in order to
-continue thus the work interrupted in 1794; to set in motion the great
-passions, not for the purpose of arousing chauvinistic or revolutionary
-<a id="page-25" class="pagenum" title="25"></a>
-fanaticism, but in order to kindle anew the universal feeling of solidarity—this
-was the hope of Rolland and his friends for the future of France.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-“This hope,” he says, “was one of the purest and holiest forces in our
-young lives.” Rolland, therefore, calls his <em>Théâtre du peuple</em> a document of the
-time, because it “reflects the artistic ideas and hopes of a whole generation.”
-</p>
-
-<p>
-He gives voice now (1913) to that proud utterance: “Let the future
-judge us even should it prove that it was our crime to have believed too
-much in the future.”
-</p>
-
-<p>
-That this little group has not yet been victorious, we know. Romain
-Rolland indicated the reason when he said: “In order to fashion a theatre
-for the people, we must <em>first have a people</em>; a people with a <em>freedom of the
-soul</em> able to enjoy art; a people with <em>leisure</em>; a people not oppressed by misery
-or incessant toil; a people not brutalized by every superstition and
-fanaticism from right and left; a people lord over itself and victor in the
-battle fought out from day to day.”
-</p>
-
-<p>
-To these utterances of 1903 can be added one of this year, in which
-Rolland expressed himself most fervently and with comprehension in regard
-to the working class of <em>women</em>—and in that connection in regard to the
-whole woman question.<a class="fnote" href="#footnote-3" id="fnote-3">[3]</a> It was made evident, then, that the idealist Rolland
-is no advocate of the chauvanistic-religious reaction. His idealism is
-of the whirl of revolutionary times and the future.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-His critique upon the classic French literature, his “Teutonism” in <em>Jean
-Christophe</em>, his political and religious radicalism, have made him as obnoxious
-to nationalistic-Catholic France as Mme. de Stael once was because
-of her <em>De l’Allemagne</em>. Among other evidences of Rolland’s status in his
-own country is the circumstance that when the French Academy recently
-awarded its new prize of 10,000 francs, it was given, through the influence
-of Maurice Barrès, to a wholly new man in French literature: André Lafon
-du Blaye, instructor in a Catholic private school, who had written a book
-about a school boy, a book which was found to possess that “elevated character”
-the awarding of the prize demanded! <em>Jean Christophe</em> had just been
-finished! It is, however, not merely in academic circles that Romain Rolland
-is denied recognition. He has succeeded in getting himself well hated in
-many another circle because of the cutting truths in <em>Jean Christophe</em>, directed
-against all factions. In <em>Ord och Bild</em>, 1912, George Brandes has
-given a brief but excellent characterization of Rolland’s spiritual and intellectual
-endowments and of his limitations.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Without doubt Rolland’s spiritual tendency in youth was determined
-not only by Tolstoy but also by Guyau; the more because Tolstoy has Guyau
-to thank for whatever of reason is found in his theories of art.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-In regard to the influence of Guyau upon Tolstoy and Nietzsche, see,
-<a id="page-26" class="pagenum" title="26"></a>
-for example, Professor Albert Nilson’s excellent essay upon <em>Guyau’s
-Aesthetics</em>.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-In the mind of Rolland as well as of Guyau, the ethical ideal is the
-highest intensive quality of life, the most effective energy. Rolland is far
-from the Christian asceticism that diluted the wine of Tolstoy. But along
-with Tolstoy, with Guyau, with Nietzsche, he demands an art that possesses
-life’s consummate vigor; that is itself the richest life, the highest intensity
-of power. In other words: the ethical ideal and the aesthetic are at heart
-the same thing; the fundamental principle of art and religion is solidarity;
-the sense of beauty is at the same time the most intensive and the most expansive
-of feelings, and so—like the love of humanity—the great fraternizing
-power. “They who love most create most richly,” and “the work that
-reveals to us the life of greatest value is the noblest”: these propositions
-permeated Rolland just as they did Guyau and Tolstoy, although Rolland
-establishes a basis of valuation quite different from that of the latter. Perhaps
-Bergson, too, has in some respects confirmed Rolland’s personal view
-of life. But as Rolland’s view was enunciated before Bergson began to
-write, the influence could have been only to strengthen, not to determine it.
-No idea harmonized better with Rolland’s own innermost being than that
-respecting the power of the spirit to make a way for creative, unfathomable,
-inexhaustible life. <em>Jean Christophe</em>, from the first chapter to the last, is an
-illustration of this explosive power, this <em>élan vital</em>.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Schiller’s words come to mind: Der Dichter ist der einzige wahre
-<em>Mensch</em> und der beste Philosoph ist nur eine Karikatur gegen ihn.<a class="fnote" href="#footnote-4" id="fnote-4">[4]</a> The
-poet is the only real <em>Man</em> and the best philosopher is only a caricature beside
-him.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Not only with his dramas of the Revolution did Romain Rolland endeavor
-to make his countrymen hero-worshippers; he also began a series
-of popular biographies aimed to present, not the great man’s work, but the
-personal powers and experiences that found expression in his work. He
-says in the preface: “Europe is poisoned with materialism and egotism;
-we must throw open the windows to get air: <em>Respirons le souffle des heros.
-Let us breathe the breath of heroes.</em>” He rejoices that he too has witnessed
-contemporary heroic deeds: the defense of the Boers and the vindication of
-Dreyfus. But he knows that it is “easier to kindle enthusiasm by heroes of
-the past,” heroes “who were great in heart.”
-</p>
-
-<p>
-His hero-worship did not lead him, however, to glorification at the expense
-of truth. He utters the thought, profoundly true and all too little
-understood, that every lack of harmony between life and its laws depends—even
-in great spirits—not upon their greatness, but upon their weaknesses.
-“But these weaknesses render them not less worthy of our love....
-The idealism that will not recognize the truth is cowardice; there is only one
-heroism in the world: <em>to see the world as it is—and to love it</em>.”
-</p>
-
-<p>
-<a id="page-27" class="pagenum" title="27"></a>
-So without hesitation, Rolland points out weaknesses in Michael Angelo’s
-life, and inconsistencies in Tolstoy’s. He sees in both great specimens
-of the “type that will pass away”; the Christian—those who “have had their
-refuge in God and the everlasting life when this life has gone against them;
-those whose faith has often been expression for deficient belief in life, in the
-future, in themselves; a lack of courage and a lack of gladness.” “I know,”
-he continues, “of how many defeats your grievous victories are made, and
-therefore I pity you and admire you. You make the world more doleful
-but more beautiful. Praised be pain and praised be joy! Both are holy;
-they form the world and they broaden great souls: joy and pain are powers,
-are life, are God.”<a class="fnote" href="#footnote-5" id="fnote-5">[5]</a>
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The three biographies that Rolland has thus far published are of Beethoven,
-Michael Angelo, and Tolstoy. In the first, it is the love of life and
-the courage of life; in the second, creative power and strength of belief;
-in the third, the ecstacy of life and the love of mankind, that he emphasizes.
-Such souls, he says, restore to us belief in life and in mankind, for from
-them “issues a current of social power and potent goodness.”
-</p>
-
-<h3 class="section" id="II3">
-II.
-</h3>
-
-<p class="noindent">
-Beethoven is Rolland’s own conception of life, and is nearest his heart.
-To that “soul of music, heroism, and goodness” Rolland has reared the
-only memorial worthy of Beethoven that art has created: <em>Jean Christophe</em>.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-This book was published during the course of nine years. But long
-before it began to appear it had lived in and with its writer for the greater
-part of his life. In it Rolland has committed to writing his profound conception
-of the innermost being of a musical genius, and has done it in such
-a manner that one is firmly convinced of the truth of the revelations that
-one follows from the cradle to the grave. In other novels concerning geniuses
-the writers assert incessantly that they <em>are</em> geniuses; here the genius
-evinces himself through his being. One does not read a book, one lives a
-life—and a life of the highest value, the existence that great spirit creates:
-that of the genius, who out of the flaming chaos of his nature forms a cosmos.
-An “educational novel,” of which the world’s literature thus far possesses
-only one such in <em>Wilhelm Meister</em>, and, in a measure, in Keller’s <em>Der
-<a id="corr-12"></a>Grüne Heinrich</em>.... I have lived more intensely with <em>Jean Christophe</em>
-than with most living people.<a class="fnote" href="#footnote-6" id="fnote-6">[6]</a>
-</p>
-
-<p>
-World fame is a curious thing. Sometimes it is attained quickly
-through glorifying friends: a path to fame that often early avenges itself,—that
-is more dangerous even than the fame that the attacks of enemies furnish.
-Sometimes fame is won with one blow, by an exceptional work; again
-<a id="page-28" class="pagenum" title="28"></a>
-it is prepared for in silence and then suddenly rushes forth with the roar of
-a great torrent formed by many small streams. The last is the case with Romain
-Rolland.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-When I read him in 1909, in Switzerland, I went shortly afterwards to
-Paris, where, at that time, he was not mentioned among the celebrated writers
-and where even his friends thought he dare not reckon his circle of readers
-larger than the ten or fifteen thousand faithful he possessed in the world
-of French-speaking readers. In Germany his circle was still narrower; in
-Sweden, he was unknown even by name.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-For the new generation the book is a document of the spiritual history
-of the time. For the serious-minded portion of the French youth, Rolland
-has possessed an influence comparable with his own description of Tolstoy’s
-influence upon himself and the young generation with him. Youth has
-learned from him that the fleeting fashionable attitude toward the great
-souls or ideas that Paris shapes is sterile; that it is only by devotion that a
-spiritual growth can be attained; that skepticism in the face of all greatness
-is poverty, but admiration and love “is the way, to the most potent, the
-richest, life.” Youth has found in him contempt for mere fine phrases, for
-declamation, and received from him Goethe’s conception of creation: “In
-the beginning was action.” They have heard him proclaim <em>that</em> nationalism
-that is loyalty to the best in the essence of the French nation: love of truth
-and justice, desire for freedom and fraternity, devotion to its ideal values
-and above all the dream of happiness for all mankind. This dream that
-among us Teutons is content to sleep, is among Frenchmen an ever restless
-disturbance of the blood. And it is only by occasionally letting his blood
-flow for these dreams that he feels he is living up to his highest ideals.
-<em>This</em> Youth for whom each new part of <em>Jean Christophe</em> has been a great
-event, despises with Rolland the estheticism that turns from life. This
-youth has learned to distinguish between great art and the work of those
-who think they are creating art but are only making arts. But above all,
-at a time of reaction toward the Christian “faith”—a reaction that has been
-justified by the fact that science has not been able to “explain” life nor
-“vindicate” it—they receive a new fountain of living water. Rolland has
-attempted neither to explain life nor defend it. The leit-motiv of his great
-symphonic work is Beethoven’s thought: “Durch Leiden Freude,”—“Through
-suffering joy comes.” We can, so he says, neither understand
-life in all its plenitude of contradictions nor ennoble it in all its brutality in
-any way other than by <em>living</em> it one’s self in the fullest and highest meaning
-of the word. Music, the all-unifying art, love, the all-embracing condition
-of the soul, are the two highest attitudes of devotion to God, who is life.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-More Rolland knows not. And more than he knows the veracious man
-does not say.
-</p>
-
-<div class="excerpt">
-<p class="noindent">
-“I cannot,” he writes, “give any metaphysical credo. For,
-in the first place, I will never deceive myself by saying <em>I know
-<a id="page-29" class="pagenum" title="29"></a>
-that which I do not know</em>—which, at the most, I can imagine or
-hope. In the second place, I will never confine myself within the
-limits of any belief. For I hope to develop until my last day;
-I wish to reserve for myself unlimited freedom of intellectual transformation
-and renewal. I have many gods in my Pantheon; but my
-chief godhead is <em>Liberty</em>. At present I do not separate the essence
-of the human soul from that of the divine spirit, of which the
-former is a part. But I hardly believe that this divine spirit fills
-the universe. It <em>seeks</em>, certainly, to fill the world and guide it;
-but nothing indicates that it will succeed. Even in this regard I
-reserve space for liberty. Pure monism does not satisfy me. I
-am more inclined to a dualism such as the ancient Empedocles
-believed in. I have an unbounded admiration for the pre-Socratic
-philosophers, the sages of Ionia and Magna Graecia. Indeed my
-first work, written at Rome, twenty years ago, was a drama with
-Empedocles as hero. The struggle between two principles is
-manifest to me in the whole history of the world, material as
-well as moral history. The question is whether there is not a
-<em>third</em> principle, in which the other two are included or harmonized.
-A trinity therefore—it is singular how this form forces
-itself upon the human mind—but a trinity very different from the
-Christian conception of the trinity, since it comprises a father
-and two striving brothers: a triad that approaches the antique
-cosmogony of which we find a reflection in Hesiod, in <em>Chaos</em>,
-<em>Gaea</em>, and <em>Eros</em>. If I live I shall go deeper into ancient thought.
-Those ancient philosophers lived in more intimate contact with
-nature than any of their successors, and, moreover, collected the
-thousand-year-old wisdom of the whole Orient.”
-</p>
-
-</div>
-
-<p class="noindent">
-Besides this personal utterance of Rolland himself, a French friend of
-his, intimate with his thought, has given me permission to communicate the
-following statement of the trend of Rolland’s thought:
-</p>
-
-<div class="excerpt">
-<p class="noindent">
-The liberty of his mind, his lucidity, his keen penetration,
-render him incapable of accepting the least dogma or the least
-constraint. It is impossible to conceive of anything that could
-have upon such a mind, not to say a direct hold, but even an
-appreciable influence. That mind is alone, magnificently alone,
-as independent as if the world were just born. Moreover, he is
-quite as far from all revealed religions as from all systems.
-He would in no wise admit that the Christian or any other religion
-is more closely related to the past, and Darwinism or any
-scientism whatever more to the future. He would see, in these
-diverse ways of viewing life, forms of the human mind which
-return at periodic intervals and of which one no more than the
-other is an absolute progress in which he does not believe. Only
-by his very nature, he is antimaterialistic. He believes in the
-duality of soul and body in an absolute, organic manner. He
-hopes sincerely to quit this body and go to live a larger and
-fuller life. No personal immortality! He cannot endure the
-thought. That would be the continuation of this captivity in a
-limited personality, which to him appears stifling. He feels that
-he is also going to live in God, not understanding by that word
-<a id="page-30" class="pagenum" title="30"></a>
-any anthropomorphic god, but a fountain of universal life. He
-loves to plunge, through time and space, into a meditation in
-which he totally forgets his personality, and wherein he finds a
-sort of intoxication. He has uttered this admirable and terrible
-sentence: “Sometimes I feel <em>no difference</em> between my friends
-absent or present, living or dead.” To ask such a being if he is
-of the past or of the future would have no significance; he is
-beyond the compass of time.
-</p>
-
-</div>
-
-<p class="noindent">
-I have met Rolland only through letters. But some words concerning
-his personality, as it had affected another poet, I can communicate here in
-conclusion:
-</p>
-
-<p>
-“The confident grasp replete with experience, the modest ripeness ...
-in his being; the benignity, the unprecedented purity in all his purpose ...
-are beneficent.... Everything is genuine, developed with will and
-consciousness: a man who has improved steadily.... From him emanates
-a gentle plenitude, consummate in action, like that of a star at twilight.”
-</p>
-
-<p>
-When world renown comes to such a man, it has not much to say to
-him. Rolland meets it with an averted glance in his far-seeing luminous
-eyes, eyes which quietly and steadily look towards new works and new
-horizons.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-From all corners of the world he hears: that he has given to the time
-the book most brimming with the whole seething life of the time; that he
-has given men the book most permeated with the essence of music and
-Orphean effects; that he has created an entire human race, a race in which
-all ages of life and degrees of development, in which women as well as men
-are equally convincing in truth to life; that he has given a work overflowing
-with ideas, with philosophy of life, with vital help, by exhibiting a great
-human life in all its weakness and in all its strength. And assuredly this
-will give him joy.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-But he will feel proud only when the word comes that his French heart
-longs to hear: The people that has given to the world such a work is not,
-as its enemies say, going to destruction. That nation is ever potent with
-the energy of life.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Rolland’s great book is not merely a glorious revelation of the fact
-that all the greatest ideas that France has given the world live ever in the
-French people. It demonstrates also that mankind needs the French spirit
-always in order to realize them.
-</p>
-
-<hr class="footnote" />
-
-<p class="footnote">
-<a class="footnote" href="#fnote-1" id="footnote-1">[1]</a> See my article in <em>Verk och Människor</em>, in which I endeavored to show
-my countrymen the value to them of <em>Memoiren einer <a id="corr-9"></a>Idealistin</em>.
-</p>
-
-<p class="footnote">
-<a class="footnote" href="#fnote-2" id="footnote-2">[2]</a> <em>Histoire de l’Opera en Europe, avant Lully et Scarlatti</em>, (Les origines
-du theatre lyrique modern), and also <em>Les causes de la decadence de la
-peinture italienne</em>.
-</p>
-
-<p class="footnote">
-<a class="footnote" href="#fnote-3" id="footnote-3">[3]</a> In a preface to <em>Celles qui travaillent</em>, a work of the notable and sincere
-French authoress, Simone Bodève.
-</p>
-
-<p class="footnote">
-<a class="footnote" href="#fnote-4" id="footnote-4">[4]</a> In a letter to Goethe, 1795, after reading <em>Wilhelm Meister</em>.
-</p>
-
-<p class="footnote">
-<a class="footnote" href="#fnote-5" id="footnote-5">[5]</a> Epitome of the introduction to <em>Michael Angelo</em>.
-</p>
-
-<p class="footnote">
-<a class="footnote" href="#fnote-6" id="footnote-6">[6]</a> Lack of space forces me to omit Miss Key’s interesting but very long
-analysis of <em>Jean Christophe</em>.—The Editor.
-</p>
-
-<div class="chapter">
-
-<h2 class="article" id="POEMS">
-<a id="page-31" class="pagenum" title="31"></a>
-Poems
-</h2>
-
-</div>
-
-<p class="aut">
-<span class="smallcaps">Witter Bynner</span>
-</p>
-
-<h3 class="section" id="ISHALLCOMETOYOUAGAIN">
-I Shall Come to You Again
-</h3>
-
-<div class="poem-container">
- <div class="poem">
- <div class="stanza">
- <p class="verse2">If you have pity, pity me a little,</p>
- <p class="verse">For I had seen your pitiless lips and dared them</p>
- <p class="verse">And I deserve the pity given fools...</p>
- <p class="verse">Your mouth was passion but your eyes were love.</p>
- <p class="verse">Your mouth might soon consent to harshness, but your eyes,</p>
- <p class="verse">Your eyes would see me and be kind to me.</p>
- <p class="verse">I should not suffer, loving you.</p>
- <p class="verse">I should but carry the heroic pain of love.</p>
- <p class="verse">Wounds that might come from hardness of your heart,</p>
- <p class="verse">If I received them, I should heal, watching the everlasting pity of your eyes...</p>
- <p class="verse2">If you have pity, pity me a little.</p>
- <p class="verse">I who had seen your cruelty and dared it</p>
- <p class="verse">Am stricken with it now</p>
- <p class="verse">And have come through the streets in daylight</p>
- <p class="verse">As though the daylight were the sound of laughter</p>
- <p class="verse">Surrounding and consuming me.</p>
- <p class="verse">I have put up my hands to ward it off,</p>
- <p class="verse">The heaviness of light that would not let me hide</p>
- <p class="verse">But held me and looked leering in my face...</p>
- <p class="verse">For there has come a passer-by ....</p>
- <p class="verse">And you have come with him.</p>
- <p class="verse">I have no hatred for the passer-by, and none for you,</p>
- <p class="verse">But hatred only of my own humiliation,</p>
- <p class="verse">For I had challenged and been overthrown...</p>
- <p class="verse">If you have pity, pity me a little.</p>
- <p class="verse">For I who love life</p>
- <p class="verse">Have heard its mouth despise me</p>
- <p class="verse">And have seen its eyes, that had been kind, turn into stone.</p>
- <p class="verse2">Wherefore I lack new strength, new laughter.</p>
- <p class="verse">And in the time before that strength is due,</p>
- <p class="verse">If you have pity, pity me a little.</p>
- <p class="verse">But if you have none—soon I shall have no need.</p>
- <p class="verse">For I who choose life,</p>
-<a id="page-32" class="pagenum" title="32"></a>
- <p class="verse">Shall receive my strength,</p>
- <p class="verse">And I shall come to you again, laughing with love...</p>
- <p class="verse2">For my humiliation shall have been a rain,</p>
- <p class="verse">Its arms about me and its lips alive.</p>
- <p class="verse">And I shall walk in daylight</p>
- <p class="verse">And it shall be a singing waterfall</p>
- <p class="verse">Surrounding me and pouring over me.</p>
- </div>
- </div>
-</div>
-
-<h3 class="section" id="SICILIA">
-Sicilia
-</h3>
-
-<p class="subt">
-(<em>In memory of Salvatore Garrito who was hanged at Reading, Pennsylvania,
-October 29, 1908, for the killing of a State Trooper.</em>)
-</p>
-
-<div class="poem-container">
- <div class="poem">
- <div class="stanza">
- <p class="verse">“It shows you on that paper where she lives,</p>
- <p class="verse">In Sicily. Write her that I today</p>
- <p class="verse">Am dead for having killed my second man.”</p>
- <p class="verse">“Your second?” “Yes, sir, two. It’s not so bad</p>
- <p class="verse">To kill a trooper. But I killed, before,</p>
- <p class="verse">A friend who, like my brother and like me,</p>
- <p class="verse">Loved her in Sicily. The jury thought</p>
- <p class="verse">My brother did it. He’s been all alone</p>
- <p class="verse">In jail eight years. Tell her I shall be glad</p>
- <p class="verse">If now she gets him out and marries him.”</p>
- </div>
- </div>
-</div>
-
-<h3 class="section" id="CHRISTIAN">
-Christian
-</h3>
-
-<div class="poem-container">
- <div class="poem">
- <div class="stanza">
- <p class="verse">Truth heard him ask employ</p>
- <p class="verse1">And took him in,</p>
- <p class="verse">A poor unfriended boy,</p>
- <p class="verse1">As her own kin,</p>
- <p class="verse">And everything she made</p>
- <p class="verse1">She taught the youth.</p>
- <p class="verse">When he had learned her trade</p>
- <p class="verse1">He went from Truth.</p>
- </div>
- <div class="stanza">
- <p class="verse">And when his eyes were dim</p>
- <p class="verse1">And he was rich,</p>
-<a id="page-33" class="pagenum" title="33"></a>
- <p class="verse">Then Truth returned to him</p>
- <p class="verse1">Out of a ditch,</p>
- <p class="verse">Poorer than he had been,</p>
- <p class="verse1">Pleading she came...</p>
- <p class="verse">He would not let her in</p>
- <p class="verse1">Nor ask her name.</p>
- </div>
- </div>
-</div>
-
-<h3 class="section" id="MARRIAGE">
-Marriage
-</h3>
-
-<div class="poem-container">
- <div class="poem">
- <div class="stanza">
- <p class="verse">Shall marriage never be the glory</p>
- <p class="verse1">That was wooed?</p>
- <p class="verse">But ever enervate and vex,</p>
- <p class="verse1">Obstruct, intrude,</p>
- <p class="verse">And make more wistful and complex</p>
- <p class="verse1">The solitude,</p>
- <p class="verse">Trying to tell the human story</p>
- <p class="verse1">To its brood?</p>
- </div>
- <div class="stanza">
- <p class="verse">No matter how the homes are humming</p>
- <p class="verse1">In a mood</p>
- <p class="verse">Of ecstasy or sentiment</p>
- <p class="verse1">Or love renewed,</p>
- <p class="verse">What favored two can circumvent</p>
- <p class="verse1">The ancient feud?—</p>
- <p class="verse">Till both in one shall die, becoming</p>
- <p class="verse1">Multitude!</p>
- </div>
- </div>
-</div>
-
-<div class="chapter">
-
-<h2 class="article" id="AGLIMPSEATRUSSIA">
-<a id="page-34" class="pagenum" title="34"></a>
-A Glimpse at Russia
-</h2>
-
-</div>
-
-<p class="first">
-<span class="firstchar">W</span><span class="postfirstchar">ars</span> have been the landmarks in Russian modern history. The
-Napoleonic war was followed by the insurrection of the Decembrists,
-the first attempt on the part of liberal Russia to break the autocracy. The
-iron reign of Nicolas I culminated in the Crimean campaign, which revealed
-the utter rottenness of the old order and necessitated the general reconstruction
-of the estate, from the liberation of the serfs to the establishment of
-jury-tribunals. The reaction under Alexander III and Nicolas II came to
-a collapse with the Japanese war, more disastrous and richer in results than
-Sebastopol. It may be interesting to notice that each of the mentioned
-epochs followed the previous one at a space of about a quarter of a century,
-and the fact that the present war broke out only ten years after the
-last one may be interpreted as an attempt for self-correction on the part of
-History. Both the war with Japan and the revolution that came as its
-result were abortive and premature phenomena, and were destined “to be
-continued.”
-</p>
-
-<p>
-It is necessary to get an idea of what has occurred in Russia during
-the last ten years in order to understand her present situation and perspectives.
-The Russian people were neither prepared nor desirous of fighting
-against Japan for the Yalou forests, a problem that interested only a group
-of greedy capitalists. Nicolas was egged on by the Kaiser, who was more
-than anxious to involve his neighbor in a mess in the Far East, and thus
-to divert his attention from the Near East where the interests of the Triple
-Alliance demanded the elimination, or at least the weakening, of the formidable
-ally of France. The Czar caught the bait, and was rewarded with
-the Treaty of Portsmouth, which put an end to Russia’s ambitions in Manchuria
-and crippled her international prestige, to the immediate advantage
-of Germany and Austria. The defeated bear was forcibly driven to introspection.
-Her navy almost totally destroyed, her army decimated and demoralized,
-her population torn by revolutions and civil warfare, Russia
-faced a <a id="corr-13"></a>Herculean task. The government was confronted with a double
-problem, to quench the internal conflagration, and to get ready for “retaliation.”
-The first aim was more or less achieved; the revolutionists were
-hanged, shot, imprisoned, exiled; the moderate elements and the European
-financiers, who demanded a guarantee for their enormous loans, were hood-winked
-by a semblance of parliamentarism, the butaforial Duma, an institution
-elected and managed practically by the Czar’s ministers. With feverish
-energy the government set out to carry through its second purpose.
-The Dumas were forced to sanction gigantic war-budgets, and the entire
-bureaucratic state was thrown into a crucible of radical, sweeping reforms.
-The reconstruction of the army has become the all-important issue. Without
-<a id="page-35" class="pagenum" title="35"></a>
-naming the potential enemy, all parties, except the Socialists, agreed
-that Russia must concentrate her forces on the building up in the fastest
-possible time of an enormous, efficient, <em>modern</em> army. The majority of the
-people differed with the government, however, on one point, as to who
-should carry out the great task. The people have had little confidence in
-the capability of the bureaucracy for self-reformation; they have applied
-to them the Russian saying, “Only the grave can change the hunchback.”
-Alexander Guchkov, while president of the Duma and later as an influential
-private citizen, has revealed the hopelessly rotten state of affairs in the
-military and civil organization of the country, managed by unscrupulous
-thieves and grafters, by useless sinecure-holders from among the nobility
-and the royal family. The reorganization of the state, pointed out Mr.
-Guchkov and his followers, must be taken from the hands of the effeminate
-and imbecile Grand Dukes, and entrusted to representatives of the nation.
-For such a heresy Guchkov had to resign from his post as head of the
-“parliament,” and the work of reconstruction continued to be handled by
-the old <em>chinovnicks</em>, the puppets of the Czar and of his uncles and cousins.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Public opinion in Russia has been crystallizing simultaneously with military
-preparation and diplomatic negotiations. Austria’s annexation of Bosnia
-and Herzegovina gave Russian diplomacy the gravest slap since the Berlin
-Congress; Wilhelm’s threat to appear in “shining armor” to the assistance
-of his ally compelled foreign minister Sasonov to withdraw his protest
-against Austria’s act. The humiliation was felt deeply by all classes; the
-Russian people have come to regard Germany as their bitterest foe, responsible
-not only for their past and present military and diplomatic fiascoes, but
-largely responsible also for the internal retrogressive policy of their government.
-It has been widely known that during the last revolution the Kaiser
-had counselled Nicolas “unrelenting firmness,” and had even offered to
-“loan” his army for the suppression of the uprising. The popularity of the
-present war in Russia is thus explained. The conservatives see in it an
-opportunity to strengthen the power of the autocracy through drummed up
-patriotism and loyalty to the throne; the liberals hope that with the defeat
-of Germany there will come an end to the “dark influence” of the Prussian
-retrogrades on Russia’s policy; the masses are eager to fight against the
-“Antichrists,” the enemies of the Slavs and of the Slavonic church.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Whatever the outcome of this war may be, it has done inestimable
-service for the awakening of Russia. The country has been elevated and
-purified morally and nationally. The abolition of vodka, the unification of
-differing parties and of hostile races, the liberal concessions granted by the
-government,—these are the few tangible results of the war that can be
-checked off already. But there is considerably more to come. The ignominious
-failures of the army have pointed a burning finger of accusation
-against the real enemy of the people, the bureaucracy. The Russian soldiers
-have fought like lions ... led by asses. The shameless lack of munition, the
-<a id="page-36" class="pagenum" title="36"></a>
-use of antiquated guns, the wretched equipment of the soldiers, the inefficiency
-of field-hospitals, the continuing graft in giving out contracts,
-the presence in the army of such time-proved nonentities as General Rennenkampf
-and other Manchurian celebrities, these facts have shown to the
-people that the Czar and his clique have forgotten everything and have
-learned nothing. The general dissatisfaction in army circles and among
-the civilians may bring about a storm that will sweep away the tottering
-throne of Nicolas Romanov.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-This is not a mere theoretic conjecture. Since 1904 an intense revolutionary
-propaganda has been carried on within the army and navy. The
-germ of rebellion has penetrated not only the common soldiers, who are
-largely recruited from among the down-trodden peasants and workingmen,
-but also the officers, who have learned a good deal in the last ten years.
-A military <em>coup d’état</em> after the model of the Young Turks has become a
-popular idea with the intelligent officers who cannot fail to see that the
-autocratic régime is a detrimental anachronism. There have been persistent
-rumors about the high ambitions of the ex-Supreme Commander. Grand
-Duke Nicolas is a happy exception among the degenerated Romanovs. He
-has been long considered as the “strong man,” and therefore feared and
-opposed to by the Court-camarilla. Necessity compelled the Czar to appoint
-him commander; his appointment was insistently recommended by Joffre
-and Kitchener. Unlike Kuropatkin, the Grand Duke refused to follow
-dictations from Petrograd. When in early spring he received an order from
-the Czar to evacuate Warsaw, the commander telegraphed back that he
-was willing to obey, but that he would move his army against the capital.
-The order was recalled. The fact that he was recently removed from his
-post and exiled to Caucasia shows the growing fears of the Czar, who has
-lost his head and is hewing the branch on which he is still seated. The Grand
-Duke had performed a difficult, although not very spectacular task—that of
-saving the <em>unarmed</em> army from the iron grip of the Germans. Petrograd
-demanded “action,” as it did ten years ago from Kuropatkin. Now that the
-Czar has assumed the commandership of the army one may expect rapid
-“actions,” Sedans and Tzusimas and an early peace treaty as honorable as
-that of Portsmouth.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The sentiments of the population were characteristically voiced by the
-Jewish member of the Duma, Friedman. In his speech he recounted the
-unbelievable atrocities of the Russian authorities performed over the Jews
-in the war-zone. Yet he said: “It is true we are without rights, we are
-oppressed beyond endurance. But we know the foundation of the evil.
-It emanates from these benches (pointing to the Ministers). We are persecuted
-by the Russian government and not by the Russian people. It is not
-to be wondered at, therefore, that we are content to bind our fate loyally
-and faithfully with the fate of the Russian people, whatever may be done
-to us by the Russian government.” The best of Russia are unanimously
-<a id="page-37" class="pagenum" title="37"></a>
-determined that “the foundation of the evil” must go. In the last few
-weeks various bodies of the Russian commonwealth have issued grave
-resolutions condemning the government and demanding democratization of
-the state. A revolution seems inevitable, but, to repeat, a military revolution
-is most likely to take place. The bulk of the virile population is within
-the fighting ranks, and it is there, in the army, that the national nerve pulsates
-at present. Whether it be Grand Duke Nicolas, or another capable
-and popular leader, it is to be expected that this time the army will pronounce
-the verdict over the imbecile Czar and will cleanse the <a id="corr-14"></a>Augean
-stables of the corrupted bureaucracy.
-</p>
-
-<p class="sign">
-K.
-</p>
-
-<div class="chapter">
-
-<h2 class="article" id="SOPHOMORICEPIGRAMS">
-Sophomoric Epigrams
-</h2>
-
-</div>
-
-<p class="first">
-<span class="firstchar">T</span><span class="postfirstchar">here</span> is no wisdom but youth. There is no vision but the unafraid
-impulse of unfettered nerves. The follies of youth are the enduring expressions
-of art. Man loses his Ego at thirty and becomes conceited. He
-becomes conscious of others. Life becomes a quibble. But youth! Youth,
-the flower before it has decayed into the mellow moss of age. Youth that
-knows not itself or the world. Youth that laughs at tears and weeps at
-laughter. Youth that paints queer pictures at which the critics smile.
-Illogical youth; arrogant youth; forever annoying the world’s stagnation.
-Youth capering like a fawn in the altar places of the holy. Ho! you with
-the pedantic whiskers and the ossified serenity lurking like a fog in your
-eye—there is no wisdom but youth. Ho! you with the murk of maturity
-thick upon your tongue—will you shape morals? I will unshape them. Will
-you rear dogmas? I will upset them. Will you burden the world with your
-heavy sagacity? I will ignore it. Ho, you didactic formulator, debauched
-with facts, man is born a butterfly and crawls to his grave a worm. Man is
-born young and dies old. Man is born wise and dies a fool. The ideas of
-youth are his wings. Do you see the lightning maze of colors forever flashing
-over your head? It is youth.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Ah! old Ossifus, your erudition is but the husk of my spirit. And my
-spirit is the shop-boy whistling on his way to work, joyous without reason
-for you have proved him an economic slave, stunted and damned forever to
-rot in chains. My spirit is the lover going to his ruin-woman, and tumbling
-out of heaven with a laugh. Ho! ho! old Petrifus, you have proved her the
-root of evil, the despoiler of greatness, the velvet vandal of illusions, and yet
-and yet....
-</p>
-
-<p>
-And he is the artist running wild in the china-closet of the past. Have
-you anything sacred, old whiskers? Have you something labelled right and
-something labelled wrong? Show it to him. He will do for it. He is the
-eternal monster killing the dead.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-<a id="page-38" class="pagenum" title="38"></a>
-There is no beauty but youth. There is no beauty in age. Ho! you
-doddering banality with the superior tolerance in your stutter, you are decomposing
-on your feet. Age is soiled. Age is dirty. Age drips with the
-phlegm of life. Age is the unclean residue in the cup.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Ho!—there is no tomorrow.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Blessed are the young in heart for they shall be God.
-</p>
-
-<p class="sign">
-“A. E. D.”
-</p>
-
-<div class="chapter">
-
-<h2 class="article" id="HENRIANDMANSHIP">
-Henri and Manship
-</h2>
-
-</div>
-
-<p class="first">
-<span class="firstchar">O</span><span class="postfirstchar">ne</span> grows weary of the quibbling, the petty running about in circles
-of critics, would-be-critics, and students with the eyes of their teachers
-disputing “techniques,” values, and standards in regard to paintings that
-somehow seem to live outside any limits pedants have placed. Out from the
-noise the voice of the artist arises with a strength and clearness in words
-similar to the quality of his paintings. Writing in the February <em>Craftsman</em>
-of this year, telling of his work, his ideas, and his “people,” Robert Henri
-has this to say:
-</p>
-
-<p>
-“My love of mankind is individual. I am patriotic only about what I
-admire, and my devotion to humanity burns as brightly for Europe as for
-America. It flames up swiftly for Mexico if I am painting the peon there;
-it warms towards the bull fighter of Spain if in spite of its cruelty there
-is that element in his art which I find beautiful; it intensifies before the
-Irish peasant whose love, poetry, simplicity, and humor have enriched my
-existence just as completely as though these people were of my own country
-and my own hearthstone. Everywhere I see at times this beautiful expression
-of the dignity of life to which I respond with a wish to preserve
-this beauty of humanity for my friends to enjoy.... The Chinese
-American girl who has found coquetry in new freedom; the peon, a symbol
-of a destroyed civilization in Mexico, and the Indian who works as one in
-slavery and dreams as a man in still places ... all their lives are in
-their expression, in their eyes, their movements or they are not worth translating
-into art.”
-</p>
-
-<p>
-He very simply tells what he feels about technique, which ought to
-quiet the objection to his or any individual’s methods:
-</p>
-
-<p>
-“Technique is merely a language, and as I grow older and see more
-and more clearly I have but one intention and that is to make this language
-as clear and simple and sincere as is humanly possible.... It is a language
-of no value for its own sake.... It must be so translucent that it can be
-forgotten, the value of the subject shining through it.”
-</p>
-
-<p>
-A woman who sat for Henri last year for her portrait has this to say
-of him in a recent letter:
-</p>
-
-<p>
-<a id="page-39" class="pagenum" title="39"></a>
-“To me he is quite the most wonderful man among American artists;
-so very big yet simple as a child; so very human yet utterly unconscious
-of his humanity. He is much like Whitman only more tender, more subtle.
-To Henri life is his art. That’s what makes him truly great. That’s what
-made him go to the Ferrer School and awaken talent and even genius where
-no one else would have seen anything to awaken. As a teacher Henri is
-perhaps even greater than as a painter. I heard him explain things to his
-class only twice, but I have never heard anything more fascinating and vivid.
-His greatest worth, however, is his sense of freedom, his fervent belief that
-only freedom can bring out the best in the individual. He is really an
-anarchist though he does not label himself one.”
-</p>
-
-<p>
-And thus the exhibit of twenty-five paintings at the Art Institute takes
-on a broader and more beautiful air. It becomes human and alive even
-though the noise from the studios is confusing.
-</p>
-
-<hr class="tb" />
-
-<p class="noindent">
-Paul Manship also has a room at the Art Institute: Greek, Assyrian,
-Japanese, Chinese, Egyptian, Italian, Roman, Gothic, and what not; but
-where, oh where, is Paul Manship—“foremost American sculptor”? The
-incongruous and nerve-racking thing about the collection is that besides
-merely exactly reproducing all the above mentioned periods and styles he
-goes so far as to use two or three in one piece of work. The <em>Infant Herakles:
-fountain and bowl</em> is a terror of complications, with gothic gargoyles as the
-high points of one’s discontent. The American Indian (with the African
-animal skin and the Egyptian hair and Roman face) and pronghorn antelope
-(Egyptian bronze of Alpine antelope) is the property of the Art Institute,
-having been purchased by the “friends of American Art”.... The
-conventionalized Roman busts with the Greek lettering were so top-heavy in
-appearance that I grew quite dizzy....
-</p>
-
-<p>
-I found relief in the sculptor of the Ancient Greeks,—peace in the simplicity
-of a strange inspired beauty that intricate handling which draws on
-past glories can never produce.
-</p>
-
-<p class="sign">
-C. A. Z.
-</p>
-
-<div class="chapter">
-
-<h2 class="article" id="FAIRYTALEMYSTICISM">
-<a id="page-40" class="pagenum" title="40"></a>
-Fairy-Tale Mysticism
-</h2>
-
-</div>
-
-<p class="book">
-<em>Jerusalem, a Novel by Selma Lagerlöf</em> (<em>Doubleday, Page &amp; Co., New York</em>).
-</p>
-
-<p class="first">
-<span class="firstchar">T</span><span class="postfirstchar">hose</span> Scandinavians! I have often wondered at the combination of
-grim strength with childlike imaginativeness that we find in the artists
-of those pale cold lands. In the winter, at twilight, I like to sit with closed
-eyes and to relive old and new Norse sagas, the unbelievable wonders told
-or sung or painted with the perfect earnestness of absorbed children; I like
-to dream then to the accompaniment of the not-smiling music of the sad child,
-Edward Grieg.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-<em>Jerusalem</em> is not a novel, not according to the terminology accepted <em>heretofore</em>.
-For—may I reveal a secret <em>en passant</em>?—we are on the eve of the
-publication of a novel by a Chicagoan who will revolutionize the prevailing
-literary classifications. Another thing which is not! Selma Lagerlöf is <em>not</em>
-a mystic, some of her friends want us to believe; not in the Maeterlinckian
-sense. The book is a series of tapestries to be hung in an ideal children’s-room;
-a web of fairy-tales told in the Scandinavian, unsmiling, earnest way.
-Mystic? Yes, as much as all fairy-tales are mystic, as much as all not
-“clever” and “wonderful” children are mystic. A mysticism which instead
-of lifting us up to the clouds brings the clouds down to us; instead of lending
-us wings and making us soar in imperceptible intangible regions, anthropomorphosizes
-gods and spirits and drags them down to terra firma. So convincing!
-We actually see the dead Ingmarssons gathered in a large farm
-house up in heaven; we see their ruddy hard faces, sandy hair, white eyes;
-we hear their slow, heavy, laconic talk. We are not surprised at meeting
-Christ among the pines in the glow of the autumnal sunset. The opening of
-heaven on a winter night before the eyes of the two Ingomars appears as
-ordinary reality. We are in a world where everything is simple, believable,
-possible. And you cannot smile; you are in an earnest childlike atmosphere.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Those Scandinavians!
-</p>
-
-<p class="sign">
-<span class="smallcaps">K.</span>
-</p>
-
-<div class="letters">
-<a id="page-41" class="pagenum" title="41"></a>
-<div class="chapter">
-
-<h2 class="article" id="THEREADERCRITIC">
-The Reader Critic
-</h2>
-
-</div>
-
-<h3 class="section" id="UNWORTHY">
-<em>UNWORTHY!</em>
-</h3>
-
-<p class="from">
-<em>Rev. W. D. J., Riverside, Ill.</em>:
-</p>
-
-<p>
-I used to have great expectations for you. But, pardon the frankness of one who
-has watched the careers of many writers in the past fifty years, you are headed now
-either for <em>the lake or a padded cell</em>. God forbid you reach either. Let an old man
-say that the only way to find life is to lose it. Forget it and reach out a hand to
-the poor, the sick, the suffering, and the sinning. Happiness comes only in forgetfulness
-of self and ministering to others. It is never the result of a theory but of
-action. I have seen so many wrecked on the reefs toward which you are drifting
-that I am fain to call out and entreat you to find happiness where alone it can be
-found, not in fleeing from the world or cursing it but in thanking God you were
-born into a world where you can be of some use to your fellows. Those lines of yours
-in the September issue might have been written by a Heine, a Byron, or a Walt Whitman.
-But they are unworthy of you. You were born to bless your fellows. Be true
-to your vocation.
-</p>
-
-<h3 class="section" id="ANEXAMPLE">
-<em>AN EXAMPLE!</em>
-</h3>
-
-<p class="from">
-<em>R. C. Smith, Chicago</em>:
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Inspiration will never take the place of intelligence, nor enthusiasm that of cerebration.
-Your magazine will die,—as a steam engine would grow useless in which no
-direction toward any cylinder was given to the indubitable forces generated in the
-boiler. For your pages are as a rule careless, unconsidered, and inept. Let me give
-you an example:—
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Mr. Huntley Carter, in your September number, wrote on “Poetry versus
-Imagism.” I happen to consider his article an ill-digested congeries of vague views;
-but other persons may feel differently about it. What, however, can be the estimation
-in which every sane and intelligent and decently responsible man will hold your magazine
-and Mr. Carter when he has the effrontery to present to us such an example of
-ineptitude and carelessness as this:—
-</p>
-
-<p>
-“Browning ... gets to work in a businesslike manner:
-</p>
-
- <div class="poem-container">
- <div class="poem">
- <div class="stanza">
- <p class="verse"><em>The sun looked over the water’s brim</em></p>
- <p class="verse">And straight there was a path of gold for him</p>
- <p class="verse"><em>And a world of souls for me</em>.</p>
- </div>
- </div>
- </div>
-<p class="noindent">
-I QUOTE FROM MEMORY, BUT I BELIEVE I QUOTE CORRECTLY.” (The capitals
-are mine.)
-</p>
-
-<p>
-May I ask—must an enthusiasm for or against the new movements obliterate all
-sense of accuracy, all love of clear and rational communication, all fidelity to honest
-statement, and all interest in truth? Your Mr. Carter and his extraordinary indifference
-to the workaday obligations of literary criticism have considerably discouraged
-my interest in the new forces. I can imagine Mr. Carter writing—“Since, as Nansen
-says, ‘The natives of the polar regions are coal-black,’—(<em>I quote from memory</em>), it
-must be hotter there than at the equator.”
-</p>
-
-<p>
-You have printed many encomiums of your magazine: I shall watch with curiosity
-to see if you print this.
-</p>
-
-<h3 class="section" id="THEWEAKNESSOFREVOLT">
-<a id="page-42" class="pagenum" title="42"></a>
-<em>THE WEAKNESS OF REVOLT</em>
-</h3>
-
-<p class="from">
-<em>Dr. Weil, New York</em>:
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The spirit of revolt is compounded from many causes. Even in the average young
-girl of whom Mr. Hecht writes in the August <span class="smallcaps">Little Review</span> it arises as much from
-her digestion as from her incomplete physical functioning, as much from her work as
-from her leisure, as much from her friends as from her freshness. Mr. Hecht would
-be the first to admit that; would he be equally willing to admit that it meets death
-variously?
-</p>
-
-<p>
-He talks only of the family as the snuffer for the flame. This does not mean
-that he excludes other causes, but it does mean that he has overemphasized one.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-It is true, as Mr. Hecht insists, that the American family tends to quell revolt.
-The battle of the generations is as old as the race; the family has always struggled
-to bring the rebel into line for its own preservation. But that struggle in all its
-various shades of acuteness has become a truism of modern thought, thanks to a
-multiplex modern drama, a scientific sociology, and even the daily press. Why discuss
-the subject only to dwell again heavily on the obvious?
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The problem is far more complicated. The verdict of guilt against the family
-grows monotonous when returned at every inquest. To place a single responsible
-cause for any tremor to revolt that dies abortive is to lack subtlety.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Along with each verdict against the family there is also a verdict against the
-individual. One is not to blame if she is not a genius, but if even her greatest
-emotions are somewhat lacking in poignancy, the fluctuating spirit of restlessness in
-her never reaches the heights which demand action.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Along with each verdict against the family there is also a verdict against the
-quality of the revolutionary spirit. Not only are its causal factors weak and fluctuating,
-but the very vagueness which to Mr. Hecht constitutes its charm spells also
-its damnation. A spirit of restlessness is, in itself, nothing about which one can go
-to the hilltops and shout, and when it crystalizes in some particular issue,—a book,
-a picture, a small individual right,—the object often seems too trivial to struggle for.
-To be sure the principle is not a small thing, but a principle is abstract and when
-it confronts a concrete bit of suffering, it fades by contrast.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The sordid bread and butter difficulties to be faced by one standing wholly alone,
-the scathing force of public opinion, the pain of others which, when you love them,
-is pain to you,—these are realities which only the truly big souls dare to face. For
-most of us the spirit of revolt is too diffuse even to demand action, and for most of
-the rest action is too divine a consummation to be compassed by our weak human
-spirit. Not to any external cause really, but to an inherent lack in us, is it due that
-we slowly grow complacent, instead of crusading worthily in behalf of liberty.
-</p>
-
-<p class="from">
-<em>Alice Groff, Philadelphia</em>:
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The most of you publishers are such unspeakable Kaisers of Kultur that you treat
-the geniuses who make you what you are as insignificant privates in a literary army,
-which you deploy; keeping them dangling upon your critical pleasure, or blowing
-them to pieces because they do not happen to walk the line <em>you</em> mark out.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-I suppose this is inevitable, however, in the present social order and that there
-will never be free literary expression until there is publishing organization on the
-part of the whole people for the benefit of the whole people. May the universe speed
-the day of such organization.
-</p>
-
-</div>
-
-<div class="chapter">
-
-<h2 class="article" id="HAVEYOUREAD">
-<a id="page-43" class="pagenum" title="43"></a>
-Have You Read—?
-</h2>
-
-</div>
-
-<p class="note">
-(<em>In this column will be given each month
-a list of current magazine articles which, as an
-intelligent being, you will not want to miss.</em>)
-</p>
-
-<p class="hang">
-Gaudier-Brzeska’s Art, by John Caurnos. <em>The Egoist</em>, September 1.
-</p>
-
-<p class="hang">
-Havelock Ellis on Birth Control in <em>Physical Culture</em> for September, October, November.
-</p>
-
-<p class="hang">
-The Literature of a Moral Republic, by H. L. Mencken. <em>The Smart Set</em>, October.
-</p>
-
-<p class="hang">
-The Undergraduate. <em>The New Republic</em>, September 25.
-</p>
-
-<div class="chapter">
-
-<h2 class="article" id="CANYOUREAD">
-Can You Read—?
-</h2>
-
-</div>
-
-<p class="note">
-(<em>In this column will be given each month a
-resume of current cant which, as an intelligent
-being, you may wish to be diverted or angered
-or stimulated by.</em>)
-</p>
-
-<p class="hang">
-International Duty and Hyphenated Americans, by Theodore Roosevelt. <em>The Metropolitan</em>, October.
-</p>
-
-<p class="hang">
-In Memory of Lieutenant Rupert Brooke, by Joyce Kilmer. <em>The Bookman</em>, September.
-</p>
-
-<p class="hang">
-Llewellyn Jones on New Tendencies in the Arts, in any issue of <em>The Chicago Evening Post Friday Review</em>.
-</p>
-
-<div class="ads chapter">
-<p class="h1 adh">
-THE EGOIST
-</p>
-
-<p class="h2 adh">
-An Individualist Review
-</p>
-
-<hr />
-
-<p>
-Subscribe to THE EGOIST and hear what you will get:
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Editorials containing the most notable creative and critical
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-</p>
-
-<p>
-Some of the newest and best experimental English and American
-poetry.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-A page of current French poetry.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Reviews of only those books which are worth praise.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-News of modern music, of new painting, of French literary and
-artistic life.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-A series of translations of Greek and Latin poetry and prose,
-done by young modern poets (began September 1st, 1915).
-</p>
-
-<hr />
-
-<p class="c">
-PUBLISHED MONTHLY
-</p>
-
-<p class="u adp">
-Price—Fifteen cents a number<br />
-Yearly subscription, One Dollar Sixty Cents
-</p>
-
-<hr />
-
-<p>
-Buy some of the back numbers. They are literature, not journalism.
-</p>
-
-<hr />
-
-<p class="ade">
-OAKLEY HOUSE, BLOOMSBURY STREET, LONDON, W. C.
-</p>
-
-</div>
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-<p class="cb ade">
-<span class="larger">National Electric Company, Chicago, U. S. A.</span>
-</p>
-
-</div>
-
-<div class="ads chapter">
-<a id="page-45" class="pagenum" title="45"></a>
- <div class="box">
-<p>
-A group is being formed
-for the study of Russian
-language.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-A group is being formed
-for the study of Russian
-literature.
-</p>
-
-<p class="c">
-For information inquire
-at the
-</p>
-
-<p class="u ade">
-<span class="larger"><span class="smallcaps">Little Review</span></span><br />
-834 Fine Arts Building
-</p>
-
- </div>
- <div class="box">
-<p class="h2 adh">
-<span class="underline">EMMA GOLDMAN</span>
-</p>
-
-<p class="c">
-will lecture at
-</p>
-
-<p class="h2 adh">
-<span class="underline">The Fine Arts Theatre</span>
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-<p class="c">
-from Nov. 21 to Dec. 5
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Subjects to be announced later.
-All information may be had at the
-office of The Little Review, 834
-Fine Arts Building, Chicago.
-</p>
-
- </div>
- <div class="box">
-<div class="centerpic russian fl">
-<img src="images/russian.jpg" alt="" /></div>
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-<p class="h2 adh">
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-</p>
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-<p class="h2 adh">
-Russian Tea Room
-</p>
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-<p class="u c">
-Luncheons, Dinners<br />
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-</p>
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-<p class="ade">
-116 S. Michigan Blvd.
-R. 300, Lake View Bldg.
-</p>
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- <div class="box">
-<div class="centerpic russian fr">
-<img src="images/russian.jpg" alt="" /></div>
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-<p class="h2 adh">
-Russian Art Store
-</p>
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-<p class="u c">
-Peasant Handicraft<br />
-Linens, Laces<br />
-Antique Jewelry
-</p>
-
-<p class="ade">
-730 Sheridan Rd.
-M. R. POLAKOPF &amp; SON
-</p>
-
- </div>
-</div>
-
-<div class="impressum">
-<p class="b c">
-Statement of Ownership, Management, Circulation, Etc., required by
-the Act of August 24, 1912
-</p>
-
-<p class="noindent">
-of <em>THE LITTLE REVIEW</em> published monthly at <em>Chicago, Ill.</em>
-for <em>Oct. 1st, 1915</em>.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Editor, <em>Margaret C. Anderson, 834 Fine Arts Building, Chicago</em>
-Managing Editor, <em>Same</em>
-Business Manager, <em>Same</em>
-Publisher, <em>Same</em>
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Owners: (If a corporation, give its name and the names and addresses of stockholders
-holding 1 per cent or more of total amount of stock. If not a corporation, give
-names and addresses of individual owners.)
-</p>
-
-<p class="u c">
-<em>Margaret C. Anderson</em><br />
-<em>834 Fine Arts Building, Chicago</em>
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Known bondholders, mortgagees, and other security holders, holding 1 per cent or
-more of total amount of bonds, mortgages, or other securities: <em>None</em>
-</p>
-
-<p class="sign">
-<em>MARGARET C. ANDERSON</em>,
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Sworn to and subscribed before me this <em>23rd</em> day of <em>Sept., 1915</em>.
-</p>
-
-<p class="sign">
-<em>MITCHELL DAWSON, Notary Public.</em><br />
-(My commission expires <em>December 20, 1917</em>.)
-</p>
-
-</div>
-
-<div class="ads chapter">
-<a id="page-46" class="pagenum" title="46"></a>
-<p class="h1 adh">
-THE DRAMA
-</p>
-
-<p class="h3 adh">
-for August Contained This Interesting Material
-</p>
-
-<hr />
-
- <div class="table">
-<table class="table046" summary="">
-<tbody>
- <tr>
- <td class="col1">A LETTER CONCERNING AUGIER, by <em>Eugene Brieux</em></td>
- <td class="col2">353</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td class="col1">THE MARRIAGE OF OLYMPE, by <em>Emile Augier</em></td>
- <td class="col2">358</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td class="col1">EMILE AUGIER, by <em>Barrett Clark</em></td>
- <td class="col2">440</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td class="col1">PARSEE DRAMA, by <em>George Cecil</em></td>
- <td class="col2">459</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td class="col1">THE EVOLUTION OF THE ACTOR, by <em>Arthur Pollock</em></td>
- <td class="col2">468</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td class="col1">FRANK WEDEKIND, by <em>Frances Fay</em></td>
- <td class="col2">479</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td class="col1">DEPERSONALIZING THE INSTRUMENTS OF THE DRAMA, by <em>Huntley Carter</em></td>
- <td class="col2">495</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td class="col1">JAMES SHIRLEY, DRAMATIST, a review by <em>Charlton Andrews</em></td>
- <td class="col2">506</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td class="col1">PLAYING HAMLET AS SHAKESPEARE STAGED IT IN 1601, by <em>Charlotte Porter</em></td>
- <td class="col2">511</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td class="col1">CHIEF CONTEMPORARY DRAMATISTS, a review by <em>Alfred K. Eddy</em></td>
- <td class="col2">527</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td class="col1">THE SHAKESPEARE TERCENTENARY, <em>Percival Chubb</em></td>
- <td class="col2">531</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td class="col1">RECENT MAGAZINE ARTICLES ON THE DRAMA</td>
- <td class="col2">537</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td class="col1">A SELECTIVE LIST OF ESSAYS AND BOOKS ABOUT THE THEATRE AND OF PLAYS published during the second quarter of 1915, compiled by <em>Frank Chouteau Brown</em></td>
- <td class="col2">538</td>
- </tr>
-</tbody>
-</table>
- </div>
-<hr />
-
-<p>
-<em>The Drama</em> for November will be a notable number. Rabindranath
-Tagore will contribute an article on the stage that crystallizes much of the
-present diverse generalization, especially in discussions of stagecraft. Julius
-Brouta, perhaps the most celebrated drama critic of Spain, will write of the
-work of Benavente, a brilliant Spanish playwright of today. A puppet play
-of Benavente, the popular <em>Los Interessos Creados</em>, will be printed in its entirety.
-<em>The New Stage Art in its Relation to Drama</em> will be considered
-from a new point of view by Alice Corbin Henderson. The articles begun
-in the present number, <em>Playing Hamlet as Shakespeare Staged It in 1601</em>, by
-Charlotte Porter, and <em>The Evolution of the Actor</em>, by Arthur Pollock, will
-be concluded.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-In November also will appear what promises to be one of the most
-important pieces of dramatic poetry ever written in America, Edwin Arlington
-Robinson’s <em>Ben Jonson Entertains a Man from Stratford</em>. In beauty
-of verse, in poetic vision, and in its appreciation of the fine human quality
-of Shakespeare the poem is a leading feature of the Shakespeare Tercentenary
-Celebration.
-</p>
-
-<hr />
-
-<p class="u fl ade">
-<em>The Drama, a Quarterly</em><br />
-<em>$3.00 per year</em>
-</p>
-
-<p class="fr ade">
-<em>736 Marquette Building</em>
-<em>Chicago</em>
-</p>
-
-<p class="cb vspace">
-&nbsp;
-</p>
-
-</div>
-
-<div class="ads chapter">
-<a id="page-47" class="pagenum" title="47"></a>
-<p class="u h1 adb">
-THE<br />
-SEXUAL<br />
-QUESTION
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Heretofore sold by subscription, only to physicians. Now offered to the public.
-Written in plain terms. Former price $5.50. <em>Now sent prepaid for $1.60.</em> This
-is the revised and enlarged Marshall English translation. Send check, money
-order or stamps.
-</p>
-
-<hr />
-
-<p class="h3 adh">
-Ignorance Is the Great Curse!
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Do you know, for instance, the scientific difference between love and passion?
-Human life is full of hideous exhibits of wretchedness due to ignorance of sexual
-normality.
-</p>
-
-<p>
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-</p>
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-</p>
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-</p>
-
-<p class="u ade">
-<span class="larger">GOTHAM BOOK SOCIETY, DEPT. 564.</span><br />
-<em>General dealers in books, sent on mail order.</em><br />
-142 W. 23d St., New York City.
-</p>
-
-<p class="c">
-In answering this advertisement mention <span class="smallcaps">The Little Review</span>.
-</p>
-
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-<p class="h2 adh">
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-<div class="trnote chapter">
-<p class="transnote">
-Transcriber’s Notes
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Advertisements were collected at the end of the text.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The table of contents on the title page was adjusted in order to reflect correctly the
-headings in this issue of <span class="smallcaps">The Little Review</span>.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-The original spelling was mostly preserved. A few obvious typographical errors
-were silently corrected. All other changes are shown here (before/after):
-</p>
-
-
-
-<ul>
-
-<li>
-... me from the golden <span class="underline">toombs</span> of youth, from the scarlet graves of love, I will ...<br />
-... me from the golden <a href="#corr-0"><span class="underline">tombs</span></a> of youth, from the scarlet graves of love, I will ...<br />
-</li>
-
-<li>
-... under the distinction of being a <span class="underline">maniacle</span> sensualist, a libidinous ruffian, a ...<br />
-... under the distinction of being a <a href="#corr-2"><span class="underline">maniacal</span></a> sensualist, a libidinous ruffian, a ...<br />
-</li>
-
-<li>
-... “<span class="underline">Peddlars</span> are not allowed on the grounds. He must have sneaked in.” ...<br />
-... “<a href="#corr-6"><span class="underline">Peddlers</span></a> are not allowed on the grounds. He must have sneaked in.” ...<br />
-</li>
-
-<li>
-... my countrymen the value to them of Memoiren einer <span class="underline">Idealisten</span>. ...<br />
-... my countrymen the value to them of Memoiren einer <a href="#corr-9"><span class="underline">Idealistin</span></a>. ...<br />
-</li>
-
-<li>
-... <span class="underline">Grune</span> Heinrich.... I have lived more intensely with Jean Christophe ...<br />
-... <a href="#corr-12"><span class="underline">Grüne</span></a> Heinrich.... I have lived more intensely with Jean Christophe ...<br />
-</li>
-
-<li>
-... faced a <span class="underline">Herculian</span> task. The government was confronted with a double ...<br />
-... faced a <a href="#corr-13"><span class="underline">Herculean</span></a> task. The government was confronted with a double ...<br />
-</li>
-
-<li>
-... the verdict over the imbecile Czar and will cleanse the <span class="underline">Aagean</span> ...<br />
-... the verdict over the imbecile Czar and will cleanse the <a href="#corr-14"><span class="underline">Augean</span></a> ...<br />
-</li>
-</ul>
-</div>
-
-
-<div style='display:block; margin-top:4em'>*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE LITTLE REVIEW, OCTOBER 1915 (VOL. 2, NO. 7) ***</div>
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