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diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d7b82bc --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitattributes @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +*.txt text eol=lf +*.htm text eol=lf +*.html text eol=lf +*.md text eol=lf diff --git a/LICENSE.txt b/LICENSE.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6312041 --- /dev/null +++ b/LICENSE.txt @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +This eBook, including all associated images, markup, improvements, +metadata, and any other content or labor, has been confirmed to be +in the PUBLIC DOMAIN IN THE UNITED STATES. + +Procedures for determining public domain status are described in +the "Copyright How-To" at https://www.gutenberg.org. + +No investigation has been made concerning possible copyrights in +jurisdictions other than the United States. Anyone seeking to utilize +this eBook outside of the United States should confirm copyright +status under the laws that apply to them. diff --git a/README.md b/README.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..583940a --- /dev/null +++ b/README.md @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +Project Gutenberg (https://www.gutenberg.org) public repository for +eBook #66364 (https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/66364) diff --git a/old/66364-0.txt b/old/66364-0.txt deleted file mode 100644 index c52cc15..0000000 --- a/old/66364-0.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,653 +0,0 @@ -The Project Gutenberg eBook of Guide to the Norris Geyser Basin, by -George A. Algard - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and -most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms -of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you -will have to check the laws of the country where you are located before -using this eBook. - -Title: Guide to the Norris Geyser Basin - -Author: George A. Algard - -Release Date: September 22, 2021 [eBook #66364] - -Language: English - -Produced by: Stephen Hutcheson and the Online Distributed Proofreading - Team at https://www.pgdp.net - -*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK GUIDE TO THE NORRIS GEYSER -BASIN *** - - - - - - GUIDE TO THE - NORRIS GEYSER BASIN - - - 15¢ - - [Illustration: uncaptioned] - - - - - NORRIS GEYSER BASIN - - -The Norris Geyser Basin was named for Philetus W. Norris who served as -Yellowstone’s second superintendent from 1877 until 1882. Although he -did not discover it, his explorations and reports were largely -responsible for calling attention to that area. - -Norris is considered to be the hottest and most active geyser basin in -Yellowstone. Here geysers and hot springs exhibit greater change in -activity over a short span of time than elsewhere in the park. It is not -unusual for a new hot spring to come into existence literally overnight. -The new feature may last for just a few days or perhaps a month or so; -upon occasion some have endured for many years. - -Because of constant change in the thermal features, the ground here is -unstable and hazardous in many locations. Therefore, you are required to -stay on designated trails and boardwalks at all times. This not only -protects you from possible serious burns but also helps preserve the -features as well. Remember also not to throw any objects into thermal -features. Debris of any kind in a hot spring or geyser could clog the -vent and destroy the feature. Because many scalding hot pools and -run-off channels are near trails and boardwalks, pets are not permitted -on the trails. - -The fact that thermal features change may come as a surprise, but -remember that geysers, hot springs and other thermal phenomena are -subject to natural stresses just like plant and animal communities. Of -course the changes in thermal activity result from a different set of -factors than those affecting plants and animals. Can you guess what they -might be? - -Shifts in the earth’s crust (earthquakes) result in movements along -cracks and fissures in the ground. These tremors usually cause changes -in the underground “plumbing systems” of thermal features, thus altering -activity patterns. Look for signs of recent activity variations as you -walk along the trails, or ask a naturalist if there have been some -recent changes. - -As you explore, look closely at the often intricate formations around -the edges of a few hot pools, geysers and in some thermal runoff -channels. You will notice a mineral called sinter or geyserite (a form -of silicon dioxide, SiO₂) being deposited like tiny spines. These rather -prickly formations result when geyserite is deposited from slightly acid -water, a characteristic of most thermal water in the Norris area. This -is in contrast to the bead-like structures that result when geyserite -forms from slightly alkaline water found in thermal features in the Old -Faithful area. - -Notice too the variety of colors staining the basins. The refraction -(breaking up) of light, mineral deposits and living organisms, algae and -bacteria, all add their hues. The assortment of colors reflects -variations in water temperature and chemistry. - -As you enjoy your walk remember that Norris is a great natural preserve -where nature is constantly at work designing and redesigning one of its -most unusual displays. We are only visitors here and must not spoil it -in any way. It also serves as a great natural research laboratory where -scientists from all over the world learn more about geothermal energy. -Help us preserve this unique area so that the next generation and those -who follow can come and enjoy it in the same grandeur you did. - -The Norris Geyser Basin is made up of two or more less separate areas -called Porcelain Basin and Back Basin. Both basins are served by trails -which begin at the Norris Museum and are shown on this map. The -following briefly describes a few features in each. - - - - - THERMAL FEATURES IN PORCELAIN BASIN - - -VALENTINE GEYSER—Located at the base of a large pear-shaped alcove, -Valentine is a typical cone type geyser that first erupted on -Valentine’s Day, 1907. Its activity has varied considerably—being -dormant some seasons, erratic during others, yet showing a high degree -of regularity at times. During the past several seasons, it has erupted -from a minimum of once every two days to a maximum of once a day. An -eruption lasts 5-7 minutes and reaches a height of 20-50 feet (6-15 m.) -above the seven foot cone. The eruption is followed by a steam phase -lasting an hour. - -LEDGE GEYSER—The largest geyser in the Porcelain Basin, changed -dramatically after an earthquake that occurred June 30, 1975. In 1974 it -had been erupting about twice a day, but after the quake Ledge was -dormant for nearly two years. Then during the summer of 1977 it had but -two eruptions. Check the prediction board at the museum to see if Ledge -Geyser is active this year. - -AFRICA GEYSER—named for the spring that preceded it which was roughly -the shape of the continent. The spring became a geyser in February of -1971. At first it was intermittent but as time passed the periods -between eruptions grew shorter until it became a constant geyser. In -1977 it was always powerful—sometimes emitting a mixture of steam and -water; other times just steam. - -THE WHIRLIGIGS AND CONSTANT GEYSERS—these three features seem to be -interconnected. Constant Geyser, dormant for several years, reactivated -in the early ’70’s and now erupts up to 30 feet (9 m.) once or twice an -hour; often prior to an eruption of one of the Whirligigs. In recent -years, Big and Little Whirligig have traded active periods. When one is -more active, the other is less. Watch for the 15 foot (4 m.) angled -plume from Little Whirligig’s orange vent or listen to the distinctive -chugging produced during Big Whirligig’s splashing eruption. As with -many geysers, the water level rises in these pools prior to an eruption. - -EBONY AND BEAR DEN GEYSERS—are another set of related features. In the -’60’s Bear Den Geyser first appeared and as it increased in activity, -Ebony Geyser became dormant. Today Bear Den Geyser erupts in bursts, -arcing up to 40 feet (12 m.) from the den-like vent, four to six times -daily. The death of Ebony Geyser may have been hastened by objects -thrown into its vent by thoughtless visitors. This debris is cemented -into place by the silica deposited from the water, choking off the vent. -Minute Geyser in the Back Basin may have suffered a similar fate. - - - - - THERMAL FEATURES IN BACK BASIN - - -EMERALD SPRING—The colors in and around thermal features are often -created by several kinds of algae that grow in hot water. However, the -deep green color of this spring is a result of a combination of the -yellow color from the sulphur lining the edge of the pool with the blue -that is refracted (“scattered”) from the clear water in the pool. The -bowl of this feature is about 27 feet (8 m.) deep and the temperature -normally varies between 194 and 200 degrees F. (90-93° C.) - -STEAMBOAT GEYSER—The world’s largest geyser, Steamboat has eruptions of -more than 300 feet (91 meters). It was largely dormant for nine years, -then startled observers in March 1978 with a full-scale eruption. The -water phase lasted approximately 20 minutes, followed by bellowing steam -for over 40 hours. This spectacular display inundated the immediate -area. At this writing, March 30, 1978, it is not known if Steamboat’s -eruptions will follow any pattern. Between 1961 and March 1969, it had a -total of 103 major eruptions, none of which could be predicted. You can -still see the effects of downpouring water on the landscape which killed -trees and scoured away soil. The nine-year respite allowed new lodgepole -pines to gain a foothold. We hope you are fortunate enough to witness -Steamboat Geyser and share in the excitement. Remember—protect camera -and eye glass lenses from the spray as it can scratch glass after -drying. - -CISTERN SPRING—In 1966 this feature changed from a grayish-black color -to its present brilliant blue. Concurrent with this the overflow -increased killing many trees near the spring. Since then a silica -terrace has rapidly built up. When Steamboat had a major eruption the -water level in Cistern dropped 4-8 feet, (1.2-2.4 m.) with a -corresponding drop in water temperature of around 60 degrees F. This -seems to indicate some connection between the two features. Whether or -not the increased water output of Cistern has resulted in the decline of -Steamboat is still unknown. - -ECHINUS GEYSER (ē-kī′-nŭs)—although not as well known as some other -geysers, erupts in a display that surpasses many of them. The name comes -from the sinter spine-covered rocks surrounding the pool which bear a -fanciful resemblance to spiny sea urchins. _Echinus_ was the Greek name -for these tide-pool dwellers. Stop and watch the water fill the basin -and begin to boil. Soon it will be propelled skyward in great explosive -bursts of steam and water, some reaching heights of over 75 feet (23 -m.). Usually the eruptions last three to six minutes but in 1977 Echinus -was erupting for up to twelve minutes. After erupting the pool drains -and begins to refill. Intervals between eruptions may be as short as 45 -minutes or better than 75 minutes. Listen for the peculiar gurgling -sound produced as the vent drains after each eruption. - -VIXEN GEYSER—Although its usual eruptions are small compared to others -(5-15 feet every few minutes), the geyser is unique in that water comes -from a circular tub-like vent. During normal activity little water is -ejected. Occasionally Vixen may have major eruptions of considerable -water, lasting 5 to 50 minutes and playing up to 30 feet. Listen for the -peculiar gurgling sound produced as the vent drains after each eruption. - - - - - TODAY’S GEYSER PREDICTIONS - -(Obtain data from the museum prediction board or from a naturalist). - - Echinus ______________________________ - Ledge ______________________________ - Valentine ______________________________ - Others ______________________________ - ______________________________ - ______________________________ - - Text written by George A. Algard, Norris Summer Naturalist 3/74 - 4/78 - - [Illustration: NORRIS GEYSER BASIN] - - BACK BASIN - Phillip’s Caldron - Grey Lakes - Green Dragon Spring - Yellow Funnel Spring - Palpitator Spring - Pearl Geyser - Vixen Geyser - Black Hermit’s Caldron - Minute Geyser - Mt. Holmes (10,336 feet—3160 meters) visible to the northwest - Veteran Geyser - Monarch Geyser Crater - Emerald Spring - Bathtub Spring - PORCELAIN BASIN - Ebony Geyser - Bear Den Geyser - Crackling Lake - Whale’s Mouth - Dark Cavern Geyser - Arch Steam Vent - Cistern Spring - NORRIS MUSEUM - Steamboat Geyser - Valentine Geyser - Lodge Geyser - Little Whirligig Geyser - Sieve Lake - Africa Geyser - Pinwheel Geyser - Echinus Geyser - Hurricane Vent - Colloidal Pool - Congress Pool - Ragged Spouter - Blue Geyser - Feisty Geyser - Carnegie Drill Site - Parking - Porcelain Terrace Springs - Nuphar Lake - LEGEND - trails and boardwalk - described thermal features - other thermal features - roads and parking - TO MADISON—16 MILES—26 KM - TO MAMMOTH HOT SPRINGS—22 MILES—35 KM - TO CAMPGROUND—½ MILE—⅘ KM - TO CANYON VILLAGE—12 MILES—19 KM - - DANGEROUS THERMAL AREA - Boiling Water—Thin Crusts - Always Stay on Constructed Walkways - - - - - Transcriber’s Notes - - -—Silently corrected a few typos. - -—Retained publication information from the printed edition: this eBook - is public-domain in the country of publication. - -—In the text versions only, text in italics is delimited by - _underscores_. - - - -*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK GUIDE TO THE NORRIS GEYSER -BASIN *** - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will -be renamed. - -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the -United States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. 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} -span.inside { font-size:80%; font-weight:bold; display:block; - float:left; margin-top:.5em; margin-bottom:.5em; - margin-right:1em; max-width:8em; } -span.attr { font-size:80%; font-family:sans-serif; } -span.pn { display:inline-block; width:4.7em; text-align:left; margin-left:0; text-indent:0; } -</style> -</head> -<body> -<p style='text-align:center; font-size:1.2em; font-weight:bold'>The Project Gutenberg eBook of Guide to the Norris Geyser Basin, by George A. Algard</p> -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and -most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms -of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online -at <a href="https://www.gutenberg.org">www.gutenberg.org</a>. If you -are not located in the United States, you will have to check the laws of the -country where you are located before using this eBook. -</div> - -<p style='display:block; margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:1em; margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em'>Title: Guide to the Norris Geyser Basin</p> - <p style='display:block; margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:0; margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em'>Author: George A. Algard</p> -<p style='display:block; text-indent:0; margin:1em 0'>Release Date: September 22, 2021 [eBook #66364]</p> -<p style='display:block; text-indent:0; margin:1em 0'>Language: English</p> - <p style='display:block; margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:0; margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em; text-align:left'>Produced by: Stephen Hutcheson and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net </p> -<div style='margin-top:2em; margin-bottom:4em'>*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK GUIDE TO THE NORRIS GEYSER BASIN ***</div> -<div id="cover" class="img"> -<img id="coverpage" src="images/cover.jpg" alt="Guide to the Norris Geyser Basin" width="800" height="1338" /> -</div> -<div class="box"> -<h1><span class="cur"><span class="smallest">GUIDE TO THE</span> -<br />NORRIS GEYSER BASIN</span></h1> -<p class="jr1"><b>15¢</b></p> -</div> -<div class="img"> -<img src="images/p00.jpg" id="ncfig1" alt="uncaptioned" width="1320" height="2152" /> -</div> -<div class="pb" id="Page_1">1</div> -<h2 id="c1"><span class="small">NORRIS GEYSER BASIN</span></h2> -<p>The Norris Geyser Basin was named for -Philetus W. Norris who served as Yellowstone’s -second superintendent from 1877 -until 1882. Although he did not discover -it, his explorations and reports were -largely responsible for calling attention -to that area.</p> -<p>Norris is considered to be the hottest -and most active geyser basin in Yellowstone. -Here geysers and hot springs exhibit -greater change in activity over a -short span of time than elsewhere in the -park. It is not unusual for a new hot -spring to come into existence literally -overnight. The new feature may last for -just a few days or perhaps a month or -so; upon occasion some have endured -for many years.</p> -<p>Because of constant change in the thermal -features, the ground here is unstable and -hazardous in many locations. Therefore, -you are <b>required</b> to stay on designated -trails and boardwalks at all times. This -not only protects you from possible -serious burns but also helps preserve the -features as well. Remember also not to -throw any objects into thermal features. -Debris of any kind in a hot spring or geyser -could clog the vent and destroy the feature. -Because many scalding hot pools -and run-off channels are near trails and -boardwalks, pets are not permitted on -the trails.</p> -<p>The fact that thermal features change may -come as a surprise, but remember that -geysers, hot springs and other thermal -phenomena are subject to natural stresses -just like plant and animal communities. -Of course the changes in thermal activity -result from a different set of factors than -those affecting plants and animals. Can -you guess what they might be?</p> -<p>Shifts in the earth’s crust (earthquakes) -result in movements along cracks and fissures -in the ground. These tremors usually -cause changes in the underground “plumbing -systems” of thermal features, thus altering -activity patterns. Look for signs of -recent activity variations as you walk -along the trails, or ask a naturalist if there -have been some recent changes.</p> -<p>As you explore, look closely at the often -intricate formations around the edges of -a few hot pools, geysers and in some -thermal runoff channels. You will notice -a mineral called sinter or geyserite (a form -of silicon dioxide, SiO₂) being deposited -like tiny spines. These rather prickly formations -result when geyserite is deposited -from slightly acid water, a characteristic -of most thermal water in the Norris area. -This is in contrast to the bead-like structures -that result when geyserite forms from -slightly alkaline water found in thermal -features in the Old Faithful area.</p> -<p>Notice too the variety of colors staining -the basins. The refraction (breaking up) of -light, mineral deposits and living organisms, -algae and bacteria, all add their hues. -The assortment of colors reflects variations -in water temperature and chemistry.</p> -<p>As you enjoy your walk remember that -Norris is a great natural preserve where -nature is constantly at work designing and -redesigning one of its most unusual displays. -We are only visitors here and must -not spoil it in any way. It also serves as a -great natural research laboratory where -scientists from all over the world learn -more about geothermal energy. Help us -preserve this unique area so that the next -generation and those who follow can come -and enjoy it in the same grandeur you did.</p> -<p>The Norris Geyser Basin is made up of two -or more less separate areas called Porcelain -Basin and Back Basin. Both basins -are served by trails which begin at the -Norris Museum and are shown on <a href="#fig1">this map</a>. -The following briefly describes a -few features in each.</p> -<h2 id="c2"><span class="small">THERMAL FEATURES IN PORCELAIN BASIN</span></h2> -<p><span class="ss">VALENTINE GEYSER</span>—Located at the base -of a large pear-shaped alcove, Valentine -is a typical cone type geyser that first -erupted on Valentine’s Day, 1907. Its activity -has varied considerably—being dormant -some seasons, erratic during others, -yet showing a high degree of regularity -at times. During the past several seasons, -it has erupted from a minimum of once -every two days to a maximum of once a -day. An eruption lasts 5-7 minutes and -reaches a height of 20-50 feet (6-15 m.) -above the seven foot cone. The eruption is -followed by a steam phase lasting an hour.</p> -<p><span class="ss">LEDGE GEYSER</span>—The largest geyser in the -Porcelain Basin, changed dramatically after -an earthquake that occurred June 30, -1975. In 1974 it had been erupting about -twice a day, but after the quake Ledge was -dormant for nearly two years. Then during -the summer of 1977 it had but two eruptions. -Check the prediction board at the -museum to see if Ledge Geyser is active -this year.</p> -<p><span class="ss">AFRICA GEYSER</span>—named for the spring -that preceded it which was roughly the -shape of the continent. The spring became -a geyser in February of 1971. At first it was -intermittent but as time passed the periods -between eruptions grew shorter until it became -a constant geyser. In 1977 it was -always powerful—sometimes emitting -a mixture of steam and water; other times -just steam.</p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_2">2</div> -<p><span class="ss">THE WHIRLIGIGS AND CONSTANT GEYSERS</span>—these -three features seem to be interconnected. -Constant Geyser, dormant -for several years, reactivated in the early -’70’s and now erupts up to 30 feet (9 m.) -once or twice an hour; often prior to an -eruption of one of the Whirligigs. In recent -years, Big and Little Whirligig have traded -active periods. When one is more active, -the other is less. Watch for the 15 foot -(4 m.) angled plume from Little Whirligig’s -orange vent or listen to the distinctive -chugging produced during Big Whirligig’s -splashing eruption. As with many geysers, -the water level rises in these pools -prior to an eruption.</p> -<p><span class="ss">EBONY AND BEAR DEN GEYSERS</span>—are -another set of related features. In the ’60’s -Bear Den Geyser first appeared and as it -increased in activity, Ebony Geyser became -dormant. Today Bear Den Geyser -erupts in bursts, arcing up to 40 feet (12 m.) -from the den-like vent, four to six times -daily. The death of Ebony Geyser may have -been hastened by objects thrown into its -vent by thoughtless visitors. This debris is -cemented into place by the silica deposited -from the water, choking off the vent. -Minute Geyser in the Back Basin may have -suffered a similar fate.</p> -<h2 id="c3"><span class="small">THERMAL FEATURES IN BACK BASIN</span></h2> -<p><span class="ss">EMERALD SPRING</span>—The colors in and -around thermal features are often created -by several kinds of algae that grow in hot -water. However, the deep green color of -this spring is a result of a combination of -the yellow color from the sulphur lining -the edge of the pool with the blue that is -refracted (“scattered”) from the clear -water in the pool. The bowl of this feature -is about 27 feet (8 m.) deep and the temperature -normally varies between 194 and -200 degrees F. (90-93° C.)</p> -<p><span class="ss">STEAMBOAT GEYSER</span>—The world’s largest -geyser, Steamboat has eruptions of more -than 300 feet (91 meters). It was largely -dormant for nine years, then startled observers -in March 1978 with a full-scale -eruption. The water phase lasted approximately -20 minutes, followed by bellowing -steam for over 40 hours. This spectacular -display inundated the immediate area. At -this writing, March 30, 1978, it is not -known if Steamboat’s eruptions will follow -any pattern. Between 1961 and March -1969, it had a total of 103 major eruptions, -none of which could be predicted. You -can still see the effects of downpouring -water on the landscape which killed trees -and scoured away soil. The nine-year respite -allowed new lodgepole pines to gain -a foothold. We hope you are fortunate -enough to witness Steamboat Geyser and -share in the excitement. Remember—protect -camera and eye glass lenses from the -spray as it can scratch glass after drying.</p> -<p><span class="ss">CISTERN SPRING</span>—In 1966 this feature -changed from a grayish-black color to its -present brilliant blue. Concurrent with this -the overflow increased killing many trees -near the spring. Since then a silica terrace -has rapidly built up. When Steamboat had -a major eruption the water level in Cistern -dropped 4-8 feet, (1.2-2.4 m.) with a corresponding -drop in water temperature of -around 60 degrees F. This seems to indicate -some connection between the two features. -Whether or not the increased water -output of Cistern has resulted in the decline -of Steamboat is still unknown.</p> -<p><span class="ss">ECHINUS GEYSER</span> (ē-kī′-nŭs)—although not -as well known as some other geysers, -erupts in a display that surpasses many of -them. The name comes from the sinter -spine-covered rocks surrounding the pool -which bear a fanciful resemblance to spiny -sea urchins. <i>Echinus</i> was the Greek name -for these tide-pool dwellers. Stop and -watch the water fill the basin and begin -to boil. Soon it will be propelled skyward -in great explosive bursts of steam and water, -some reaching heights of over 75 feet -(23 m.). Usually the eruptions last three -to six minutes but in 1977 Echinus was -erupting for up to twelve minutes. After -erupting the pool drains and begins to -refill. Intervals between eruptions may be -as short as 45 minutes or better than 75 -minutes. Listen for the peculiar gurgling -sound produced as the vent drains after -each eruption.</p> -<p><span class="ss">VIXEN GEYSER</span>—Although its usual eruptions -are small compared to others (5-15 -feet every few minutes), the geyser is -unique in that water comes from a circular -tub-like vent. During normal activity little -water is ejected. Occasionally Vixen may -have major eruptions of considerable -water, lasting 5 to 50 minutes and playing -up to 30 feet. Listen for the peculiar gurgling -sound produced as the vent drains -after each eruption.</p> -<div class="box"> -<p class="center"><span class="ss">TODAY’S GEYSER PREDICTIONS</span></p> -<p><b>(Obtain data from the museum prediction -board or from a naturalist).</b></p> -<form id="f1" action="get"> -<table class="center"> -<tr><td class="l">Echinus </td><td class="l"><input name="input1" size="12" maxlength="12" /></td></tr> -<tr><td class="l">Ledge </td><td class="l"><input name="input2" size="12" maxlength="12" /></td></tr> -<tr><td class="l">Valentine </td><td class="l"><input name="input3" size="12" maxlength="12" /></td></tr> -<tr><td class="l">Others </td><td class="l"><input name="input4" size="12" maxlength="12" /></td></tr> -<tr><td class="l"> </td><td class="l"><input name="input5" size="12" maxlength="12" /></td></tr> -<tr><td class="l"> </td><td class="l"><input name="input6" size="12" maxlength="12" /></td></tr> -</table> -</form> -</div> -<p class="center smaller">Text written by George A. Algard, Norris Summer Naturalist 3/74 -<br />4/78</p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_3">3</div> -<div class="img" id="fig1"> -<img src="images/p01.png" alt="" width="1200" height="812" /> -<p class="pcap"><span class="cur b">NORRIS GEYSER BASIN</span></p> -</div> -<dl class="undent pcap"><dt>BACK BASIN</dt> -<dd>Phillip’s Caldron</dd> -<dd>Grey Lakes</dd> -<dd>Green Dragon Spring</dd> -<dd>Yellow Funnel Spring</dd> -<dd>Palpitator Spring</dd> -<dt>Pearl Geyser</dt> -<dt>Vixen Geyser</dt> -<dt>Black Hermit’s Caldron</dt> -<dt>Minute Geyser</dt> -<dt>Mt. Holmes (10,336 feet—3160 meters) visible to the northwest</dt> -<dt>Veteran Geyser</dt> -<dt>Monarch Geyser Crater</dt> -<dt>Emerald Spring</dt> -<dt>Bathtub Spring</dt> -<dt>PORCELAIN BASIN</dt> -<dd>Ebony Geyser</dd> -<dd>Bear Den Geyser</dd> -<dd>Crackling Lake</dd> -<dd>Whale’s Mouth</dd> -<dt>Dark Cavern Geyser</dt> -<dt>Arch Steam Vent</dt> -<dt>Cistern Spring</dt> -<dt>NORRIS MUSEUM</dt> -<dt>Steamboat Geyser</dt> -<dt>Valentine Geyser</dt> -<dt>Lodge Geyser</dt> -<dt>Little Whirligig Geyser</dt> -<dt>Sieve Lake</dt> -<dt>Africa Geyser</dt> -<dt>Pinwheel Geyser</dt> -<dt>Echinus Geyser</dt> -<dt>Hurricane Vent</dt> -<dt>Colloidal Pool</dt> -<dt>Congress Pool</dt> -<dt>Ragged Spouter</dt> -<dt>Blue Geyser</dt> -<dt>Feisty Geyser</dt> -<dt>Carnegie Drill Site</dt> -<dt>Parking</dt> -<dt>Porcelain Terrace Springs</dt> -<dt>Nuphar Lake</dt> -<dt>LEGEND</dt> -<dd>trails and boardwalk</dd> -<dd>described thermal features</dd> -<dd>other thermal features</dd> -<dd>roads and parking</dd> -<dt>TO MADISON—16 MILES—26 KM</dt> -<dt>TO MAMMOTH HOT SPRINGS—22 MILES—35 KM</dt> -<dt>TO CAMPGROUND—½ MILE—⅘ KM</dt> -<dt>TO CANYON VILLAGE—12 MILES—19 KM</dt></dl> -<p class="center"><span class="blue ss small">DANGEROUS THERMAL AREA -<br />Boiling Water—Thin Crusts -<br />Always Stay on Constructed Walkways</span></p> -<h2 id="trnotes">Transcriber’s Notes</h2> -<ul> -<li>Silently corrected a few typos.</li> -<li>Retained publication information from the printed edition: this eBook is public-domain in the country of publication.</li> -<li>In the text versions only, text in italics is delimited by _underscores_.</li> -</ul> -<div style='display:block; margin-top:4em'>*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK GUIDE TO THE NORRIS GEYSER BASIN ***</div> -<div style='text-align:left'> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -Updated editions will replace the previous one—the old editions will -be renamed. -</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United -States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. 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