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diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d7b82bc --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitattributes @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +*.txt text eol=lf +*.htm text eol=lf +*.html text eol=lf +*.md text eol=lf diff --git a/LICENSE.txt b/LICENSE.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6312041 --- /dev/null +++ b/LICENSE.txt @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +This eBook, including all associated images, markup, improvements, +metadata, and any other content or labor, has been confirmed to be +in the PUBLIC DOMAIN IN THE UNITED STATES. + +Procedures for determining public domain status are described in +the "Copyright How-To" at https://www.gutenberg.org. + +No investigation has been made concerning possible copyrights in +jurisdictions other than the United States. Anyone seeking to utilize +this eBook outside of the United States should confirm copyright +status under the laws that apply to them. diff --git a/README.md b/README.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..83ab4dc --- /dev/null +++ b/README.md @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +Project Gutenberg (https://www.gutenberg.org) public repository for +eBook #66267 (https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/66267) diff --git a/old/66267-0.txt b/old/66267-0.txt deleted file mode 100644 index e325d24..0000000 --- a/old/66267-0.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,2183 +0,0 @@ -The Project Gutenberg eBook of Chambers's Journal of Popular Literature, -Science, and Art, Fifth Series, No. 39, Vol. I, September 27, 1884, by -Various - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and -most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms -of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you -will have to check the laws of the country where you are located before -using this eBook. - -Title: Chambers's Journal of Popular Literature, Science, and Art, - Fifth Series, No. 39, Vol. I, September 27, 1884 - -Author: Various - -Release Date: September 11, 2021 [eBook #66267] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: UTF-8 - -Produced by: Susan Skinner, Eric Hutton and the Online Distributed - Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This file was - produced from images generously made available by The Internet - Archive) - -*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CHAMBERS'S JOURNAL OF POPULAR -LITERATURE, SCIENCE, AND ART, FIFTH SERIES, NO. 39, VOL. I, SEPTEMBER 27, -1884 *** - - - - -[Illustration: - -CHAMBERS’S JOURNAL - -OF - -POPULAR - -LITERATURE, SCIENCE, AND ART - -Fifth Series - -ESTABLISHED BY WILLIAM AND ROBERT CHAMBERS, 1832 - -CONDUCTED BY R. CHAMBERS (SECUNDUS) - -NO. 39.—VOL. I. SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 27, 1884. PRICE 1½_d._] - - - - -HOME-NURSING. - -BY A LADY. - - -THIRD ARTICLE. - -In our last paper we spoke of the choice of a sick-room; we shall -now proceed to discuss its management. In commencing to nurse a case -that promises to be anything like lengthy, it is well to consider -how to save unnecessary dust and unnecessary labour, whilst keeping -the room in its proper state of cleanliness. With this end in view, -heavy woollen draperies, retaining dust and bad smells, should be -avoided; and if curtains are used at all, they should be of lace, or -some light, washing material. The best chairs are those with simple -wooden frames and cane seats and backs. Should a sofa be necessary, -and a regular invalid couch not procurable, nothing is better than a -chair-bed—provided it does not creak—fitted with washing-covers to its -cushions. Much has been said for and against the use of carpets in a -sick-room; and taking all into consideration, we see no reason for -changing our opinion that, in ordinary cases, it is better to let them -remain; they make a room pleasanter and more natural, and do away with -the noise of scrubbing, incidental to a boarded floor. - -If there are cupboards, they should be cleaned out before beginning -to nurse, and in no case must they be used as receptacles for food or -for anything that has become soiled in using. A chest of drawers is a -comfort if used with discretion; but in home-nursing, it often proves -the reverse of useful, and serves as a treasury for all sorts of things -which have no business in a sick-room. - -Pictures have a brightening effect, but they must hang straight, or -your patient may worry himself with endless efforts to make them fit in -with the pattern of the paper; though, if possible, the paper should be -without those decided markings which so often add to the distress of -unduly sensitive nerves. - -Growing-plants have a cheerful look, and are not deleterious, as many -suppose; cut flowers may also be indulged in, with the exception of -those which have a heavy, sickly smell; but it is better to remove them -at night. In summer, it is necessary to take precaution against the -patient’s being disturbed by the buzz of insects; a fly-catcher at the -open window will generally be sufficient; but such things in the room -itself are worse than useless. - -Small washable ornaments may be allowed to remain, but not to a greater -extent than suffices to give the room its customary appearance, for it -must be remembered that all useless articles increase the number of -dust-receptacles and make the process of tidying-up more lengthy. I -have seen mantel-boards and brackets covered with cloth, and literally -crowded with ornaments, which have not been properly dusted for weeks -because it made the patient sneeze! Such instances point the moral in -regard to cloth-coverings as well as superfluous ornaments. - -A folding-screen is an almost indispensable article of sick-room -furniture; it not only serves to keep off draughts and the glare of the -fire, but in convalescence is useful for putting round the invalid’s -chair. By its help, too, ventilation is made so much easier, that, -if nothing pretty and ornamental is to be had, it is worth while to -extemporise a screen with an ordinary clothes-horse and sheet; but a -chintz or holland cover, bound with braid and made to tie on, is much -more cheerful than the dull expanse of a sheet. - -And now for the most important article of furniture, the bed, on which -depends so much of the patient’s comfort or discomfort. If possible, -have a light iron frame without a foot-rail, or with only a low one. -For an adult, the bed should measure not less than six feet three -inches in length and about three feet in width. Greater width increases -the difficulty of reaching the patient, and it is astonishing the -journeys such a thing as a handkerchief will make over a large surface -of bed. The height of the bed is another serious consideration, for -should it be too low, the nurse will find it add considerably to -the back-aching tendency of nursing; and if too high, the constant -straining up to the patient will be quite as bad. The rule then, -is, that the bed when made shall be so proportioned to the nurse’s -height as to enable her to lift and attend to the patient without any -undue effort. In home-nursing, the bed question is often overlooked -altogether, or made much more of a difficulty than it need be; and -though that relic of unenlightened days, the four-poster, is almost -extinct in some households, most of the beds are large, and to alter -the furnishing of a room seems beyond the imagination of the ordinary -housekeeper. But surely, in time of illness, the first consideration -should be how best to mitigate the patient’s sufferings and lighten -the nurse’s labours; and in all but quite slight cases, it is worth -considerable effort to secure the right kind of bed and bedding. -This brings us to another home-nursing difficulty; for in spite of -recent progress in hygienic knowledge, there are still not a few -individuals who are foolish enough to prefer the unwholesome softness -of a feather-bed to the healthy firmness of a good hair mattress. Yet -few victims to this enervating habit fail to complain of the lumps, -only to be got rid of by a large expenditure of strength and time. And -if this be so in ordinary life, how much more complicated do matters -become when the patient is too weak to bear to be removed for the -necessary shaking, and is yet in a state to feel every discomfort -with added force. Indeed, so true is this, that in serious illness, -a feather-bed may be reckoned as an invincible enemy to comfort and -cleanliness; and it is better not to allow your patient to remain under -such unfavourable circumstances, even though it involve a few hours -of dissatisfied grumbling. It may make things easier if the change is -ushered in by allowing the feather-bed to remain under the mattress -till the patient has become accustomed to the new order of things, when -it will be well to substitute flock for feathers. - -If the nurse’s height will allow of two mattresses, it is a good plan -to alternate them so that the under one of yesterday shall be the upper -one of to-day. Those who have not tried this simple way of securing -a change, will hardly believe the comfort it affords to a helpless -patient. - -On the same principle, it is a great alleviation to the monotony of -long illness if the room will allow of two beds, one for day, the other -for night; and this arrangement permits the thorough airing of bed and -bedding, which it is otherwise so difficult to secure. - -Bed-hangings are happily following the lead of the ancient four-poster, -and will soon be only remembered as things of the past; and in illness, -even the valance, still in use, had better be banished. Pillows should -be firm and not too soft; and bolsters should have covers of their own, -and not be rolled round in the under-sheet, according to a common and -very shiftless process. I have known the sheet to be tucked round the -bolster in such a careless way that by the patient’s merely getting -into bed it has been pulled out of place, and has continued a fruitful -source of irritation for the rest of the day. - -How to keep the under-sheet smooth and free alike from crumbs and -wrinkles is one of the professed nurse’s arts, and is just one of those -apparently small matters, neglected as such by inexperience, which -make home-nursing the unsatisfactory thing it often is. Yet those who -have gone through a tedious illness can hardly fail to remember the -discomfort of what a tiny patient used to call ‘rucks.’ To him, poor -little man, rucks made stopping in bed a misery; and his incessant -demands to have them removed, suggested to even his inexperienced -nurse the idea that there might be a right and a wrong way to such -a commonplace thing as bed-making. The right and only proper way of -arranging a bed for illness is to give special, minute attention to -the placing of under-blanket and sheet. If the former can be dispensed -with, especially in summer-time, it will be well; but very few patients -will agree to this, and it is hardly of sufficient importance to argue -about, except in special cases, when the doctor will probably give his -veto. - -In an ordinary way, be careful to choose a thin blanket, without holes -of course, but one that has been pretty well worn, and that, therefore, -will not greatly add to the heat of the patient’s body. Then—more -important still—the blanket must be considerably larger than the bed, -in length as well as width. The mattress being arranged as evenly as -possible, the under-blanket should be laid upon it, and well tucked -in at top and bottom, as well as sides, till there is not a crease or -wrinkle of any sort. The under-sheet must now be put on in the same -way, and the nearer it resembles a drum in tightness the better. A few -minutes spent in extra care at this point will save the patient hours -of discomfort later on. - -Should there, unfortunately, be no covered bolster, the sheet, after -being securely tucked in at the bottom, must be drawn tightly upwards, -and the bolster rolled round in the free end and then placed well -up against the bed-head. The difficulty is to get the sheet tightly -stretched without pulling the bolster away from its proper place. The -number of pillows must be regulated by the nature of the patient’s -malady and partly by his previous habits. In ordinary cases, one large -pillow is enough, and it is a good plan to place it lengthways, one -end resting against the bed-head, and the other on the mattress, thus -avoiding the hollow between the patient’s shoulders and the bed, which -is a fruitful source of uneasiness and restlessness. In convalescence -and in many forms of illness, pillows play an important part, and we -shall have more to say about them later on. - -We now return to the bed, furnished as far as the under-sheet and -pillow. Should the patient be quite helpless, it will be necessary to -place next, the contrivance known as a draw-sheet, which should consist -of old linen or calico that has been washed to extreme softness. It -should be folded lengthways till just long enough to reach from below -the patient’s shoulders to his knees. This, with an under-piece of -mackintosh, is carefully put in place and tucked in with the same care -and tightness as the under-sheet. - -In regard to the upper bed-clothes, they too require care in tucking -in, especially at the bottom; and if so long as to need folding back, -the folding must on no account be done at the top. I have seen patients -with chest complaints literally labouring under the weight of clothes -placed in exactly the wrong place. In illness, as a rule the feet need -extra covering, and the breathing organs no more weight of clothes than -is absolutely necessary. The upper-sheet being light, may be allowed to -turn over for neatness, but blanket and counterpane must only come up -to the patient’s neck. This folding back is such a common error, that -it needs special notice, and in ordinary life, as well as in illness, -should never be tolerated. The number of upper-clothes to be put on -the patient’s bed will vary with circumstances; but, as a rule, in a -room with a fire, one blanket and a counterpane will be enough. The -great point is to secure warmth without weight, and for this purpose, -the ordinary cotton counterpane is about as bad as possible. An -excellent substitute is the kind of blanket known as the ‘Austrian,’ -which is cheerful in appearance as well as light and warm. In cases of -exhaustion, nothing is better than a chintz-covered down, which can be -shifted or removed without disturbing the patient. - -A good many amateur nurses err on the side of over-heating a patient, -and do not understand its connection with restless tossing and broken -sleep. Should these symptoms occur at night, especially if accompanied -with a flushed face and moist skin, it is well to gradually reduce the -number of coverings, carefully noticing the effect of so doing. - -On the ground of their greater warmth, cotton sheets and pillow-cases -are preferable to linen; but some people have a decided fancy for the -latter, and it may safely be used, provided the sheets are warmed just -before being put on the bed. Simple airing is not enough; I have known -the chill of linen set a patient off into a shivering fit, although the -nurse has been particularly strong in the airing line. - -It is absolutely necessary that all the bedding used in illness shall -be thoroughly aired, but, of course, it should never be done in the -sick-room. Unhappily, it is by no means rare to find the fire screened -from a patient by clothes-horse or chairs, covered with damp things, -the vapour from which ought to be sufficient warning of the folly of -such a practice. A good rule in this connection is that everything, -down to cups and saucers, shall be removed from the sick-room as soon -as soiled, and only returned to it in a condition for immediate use. - -Re-making the patient’s bed is our next consideration. If well enough -to go into another room, he should either be carried there, or laid on -a sofa and wheeled in. As soon as he is out of the way, the window of -the sick-room should be thrown open to its widest, and the bed-clothes -taken off one by one, well shaken, and left so exposed that the air -can circulate freely around them. The mattresses should share the same -treatment, and if possible, be left for a few minutes before being -replaced. The patient will indeed be peculiar who does not enjoy the -refreshment of a bed thus aired. - -But in helpless illness, the changing of bedding is a more complicated -matter, and needs practice to make perfect. There are two ways of -changing the under-sheet The first may be used when the patient is -not quite helpless, and the nurse has to work alone. The soiled sheet -is freed at the top, and after the removal of pillows and bolster, is -rolled up to the patient’s head; the clean sheet, after being well -tucked in at the top, is loosely rolled in such a way as to lie close -against the soiled one; they must now be worked down together, rolling -the soiled, and unrolling the clean, the patient raising himself on -elbows and feet just enough for the nurse to pass the sheets under -him. In this way it is possible to get the under-sheet smooth and -tight; but it is not an easy thing, and an assistant should be had if -possible. If help is to be had, and in all cases where the patient -is quite powerless, it is better to adopt the second plan. Remove -the pillows and bolster, so that the patient lies quite flat in bed; -turn him over on his side with his back to you. Loosen the sheet -lengthways, and proceed with the rolling and unrolling as before, till -the rolls come close up to the patient’s back. Depress the mattress -under him, whilst the assistant draws the sheet through, and in so -doing, slowly turns the patient on his back. He will now be lying on -the clean sheet, and the difficulty is over. The trained nurse will be -able to do this without removing the upper clothing, and in no case -should all the coverings be taken away. Draw-sheets may be removed in -the same way, but being small, are easier to manage. Some people tack -or pin the clean to the dirty, and draw through whilst an assistant -keeps the patient raised. Changing the upper clothes is not such a -serious undertaking, though seldom properly managed by amateurs. The -counterpane and blanket may be taken quite off the bed, and given to -an assistant to shake, outside the room; but the sheet must never be -removed without an immediate substitute. A good plan is to loosen the -soiled sheet all round, tuck the clean one well in at the foot, and -draw the free end upwards, under the dirty sheet, which is gradually -drawn away or rolled up. As a general rule, the patient’s bed should be -made and his night-shirt changed at least once a day, and cases where -this is not feasible ought not to come within the scope of home-nursing. - -If a pair of clean sheets a day cannot be managed, one may be made to -do, by letting yesterday’s clean upper sheet be to-day’s lower one; but -draw-sheets must be changed as soon as soiled, irrespective of number. -Where mackintosh is used, it should also be frequently changed, washed -over, and thoroughly dried, in the open air if possible. - -The patient’s bed, it will be seen from the directions for making it, -must never stand so that one side is against the wall, nor must it be -in a direct current of air; but it is well if it can be so arranged -as to face the fire and at the same time allow the patient to amuse -himself by looking out of window. In badly finished houses, there is -often considerable draught from cracks in door or window frame, and -from this the patient must be carefully guarded by the judicious use of -screens. - -We now turn to consider how the sick-room may be kept in that state -of perfect cleanliness essential alike to the patient’s comfort and -recovery; and of all neglected points, this is perhaps the one most -frequently forgotten or ignored; not one in a hundred of home-nurses -having a conception of her duty in this respect. Difficult it -undoubtedly is; but where the patient can be removed to another -room for an hour or two once a week, it is quite possible for even -inexperience to be successful. - -We will suppose the weekly removal has taken place, and the nurse has -to make hay while the sun shines. She first strips the bed, sending the -clothes into another room to be aired; and throwing the window open -to its widest, she directs her attention to the grate. The best way -of removing the ashes is to carefully collect all the large pieces of -coal and cinder, and then very gently draw the ashes away into a piece -of stiff paper, which folded over them, will prevent any dust rising -in their transit. After cleaning grate and fire-irons and making up -the fire, the nurse turns her attention to the carpet, which, after -being well strewn with damp tea-leaves, should be briskly swept with a -hand-broom. If the furniture is simple, it may be washed over with a -wet cloth and dried, all cushions or stuffed furniture being beaten out -of the room. The window, often overlooked, should be nicely cleaned; -and then the bed being re-made, the patient may be brought back into -a room thoroughly well cleaned and aired. It is not necessary that a -nurse should herself perform all menial work; indeed, it is much better -she should not; but she ought to see that the above directions are -faithfully carried out. For the rest of the week, the carpet should -be wiped over with a damp (not wet) cloth, tied to the end of a long -broom, and the furniture well and quickly dusted. It is not enough to -merely wipe over furniture and let the dust loose; the duster should -be folded over bit by bit as it becomes soiled, and once or twice -during the process of dusting, shaken out of a window in another room -or in the staircase. A room thus treated will keep in perfect order -for some time; but should the illness be long, an effort must be made -to take the carpet up about every six weeks or two months, that it may -be beaten and thoroughly aired. If carpets are made in the sensible -fashion of squares, secured by brass nails with broad heads, there will -be little difficulty in managing this; but it will not hurt the carpet -to let it remain loose. - -In cases where the weekly removal is impossible, the floor must be -wiped over carefully every day with a damp cloth, and tea-leaves used -now and then, the patient being protected from the dust by screens; but -this plan is only for use as a last resource in extreme cases. Under -such circumstances, it is not a bad plan to have a small portion of the -furniture, say a chair or table and an ornament or two, removed each -day and thoroughly cleaned, out of the room; otherwise, it is almost -impossible to keep things in proper order, in spite of daily dusting. - - - - -BY MEAD AND STREAM. - - -CHAPTER XLVIII.—ANXIETIES. - -Madge wakened with the weary sensation of one who has passed through -a long nightmare. It was some minutes before she could recall the -incidents of the previous day; still longer before she could realise -the unhappy meaning of the scene with Philip, and the fact that -Uncle Dick and Aunt Hessy had found in her conduct cause for grave -displeasure. - -Surely she had been acting very wickedly, when those three, who -were dearer to her than all the world beside, turned from her, and -were vexed as well as pained by what she was doing, so far as they -understood it. Surely Mr Beecham must be mistaken in the course he was -pursuing—she did not even now doubt the goodness and generosity of his -motives. There was only one way in which she could set the minds of -her friends at ease; and that she must adopt, no matter what it might -cost herself. She dare not hope that Philip would be readily satisfied -and come back to her; but at least he should understand that she had -been thinking of his interest more than of herself. And Uncle Dick and -Aunt Hessy would be relieved from anxiety on her account, and then—who -could tell?—maybe they would influence Philip. Maybe Uncle Dick would -overlook his loss of fortune, and tell him that he never meant to -separate them on such a sorry score as that. - -The one way which she saw to bring about this desirable consummation -was to inform Mr Beecham that she could no longer keep his secret; and -that, if he did not come to Willowmere within the week to release her, -she would take back the pledge she had given him and explain everything -to her relatives. - -Having arrived at this resolution, she was restored to a calm state -of mind which was wonderful in contrast with the fever of the night. -Morning is the time of hope and energy to a healthful nature; and Madge -felt this, although the atmosphere was cold and the sky white with its -load of snow, which was presently to descend in thick flakes, covering -up the last patches of earth and shrub left bare by the glimpses of -sunshine that had succeeded the previous fall. - -She went about her duties quietly and resolutely; but it was hard to -meet the wistful eyes of Dame Crawshay without throwing herself into -the arms that would have received her so gladly, and at once tell all. -She had, however, made a bargain, and she would keep to it. Aunt Hessy -would approve of what she was doing, when the time for explanation -came. Uncle Dick was surly at breakfast, and he scarcely spoke to her -at dinner. He did not once refer to the cattle show, and he went out to -inspect his stock, a discontented and unhappy man. - -Madge felt assured that Philip would say nothing more unless he heard -from Uncle Dick; nevertheless, she was all day looking out for some -sign from him. Old Zachy the postman came twice, and she saw him -approach, her heart pausing, then beating quick with excitement. But -Zachy brought nothing from her lover. And she was pained as well as -disappointed, although she assured herself again that she had not -expected anything, and that she had no right to expect anything until -Philip received some token of Uncle Dick’s kindly intentions. Besides, -she argued, it was needful to bear in mind the distracted state he -was in about his affairs, and how many things he must have to attend -to which could not be postponed on any account. Indeed, she did -remember all this, and was so keenly sensible of the cruel effect his -misfortunes were producing on his mind, that she was frightened about -him—more frightened than she had been even on the occurrence of the -accident with the horse. - -So, when postman Zachy had made his second and last round in the -afternoon, she could not rest until she had consulted Dr Joy regarding -Philip’s health. Having explained to Aunt Hessy where she was going and -why, she started for the village, although the snow had begun to fall -in a way which would have made any town-miss who understood what the -signs meant glad to stay at home. What the snow meant was to fulfil -the threats it had been making for several days, and to come down more -heavily than it had done for years. - -Dr Joy was surprised to see her on such a gloomy afternoon; but he -understood the nature of her visit, after a few words of such necessary -explanation as she was at liberty to give. - -‘And I want you to tell me plainly what his condition is, doctor,’ she -concluded, ‘for I—that is, we are all very anxious about him.’ - -The good little doctor looked at her earnestly for a moment, as if to -assure himself that she was not only desirous of hearing the truth but -also able to bear it, and then made reply frankly, but was unable even -then to dismount entirely from the hobby which he and his wife rode so -diligently in theory. - -‘You will agree with me, my dear Miss Heathcote, that economy is the -great principle which should regulate our lives—not merely economy in -finance, but likewise in work, in strength, and (most important of all) -in health. I daresay our friend has told you that I spoke to him on -this subject.’ - -‘When writing, he mentioned that you had visited him,’ she answered, -with some nervous anticipations assailing her. - -‘Well, I warned him then that his condition was extremely precarious. -It is, in fact, that condition which when a man has fallen into, it -requires him directly to throw up everything, if he cares to live. It -requires him to sacrifice fortune, prosperity, and to run away anywhere -and do anything to escape it.’ - -‘But how can he do that?’ - -Her own observations of Philip’s changing moods recently, formed a -convincing argument in favour of the importance of what the doctor -said. The doctor shook his head and smiled regretfully. - -‘That is precisely what he asked; that is what every man to whom the -advice is given asks. My answer is—_don’t_ ask how, but go at once. -Your affairs will be settled much more satisfactorily to all parties -in a year or two if you go, than they can be if you remain and die in a -month or two.’ - -‘But surely Philip is not so bad as that!’ - -‘You asked me to speak plainly, and I am quoting extreme cases,’ said -Dr Joy, anxious to mitigate the alarm which he saw his verdict had -created, whilst at the same time holding to his point. ‘Philip is -not quite so bad as that yet; but he will be in a few months, unless -something occurs to relieve him from his present anxieties.’ - -The doctor’s last words gave her more encouragement than he could have -expected, or perhaps intended to give; and the terror which had made -her pulse seem to stop, was changed to confident hope. She had every -reason to believe that in a few weeks, it might be in a few days, -Philip would be relieved of all his anxieties. But this did not lessen -in any degree her eagerness to have direct and frequent information -as to the state of his health. Dr Joy readily agreed to call at the -chambers in Gray’s Inn on the following day, and report to her on his -return; then they were to arrange about further visits. Thus being -relieved to some extent on this important point, she prepared to take -leave; but Dr and Mrs Joy suggested that she should have a fly to take -her home, as the snow was falling fast, and already lay three or four -inches deep on the ground, whilst it had drifted into an embankment -against the opposite houses. - -‘I should not think of your hiring a conveyance,’ said the doctor; ‘but -we have had a long and heavy day, and both my horses are fagged out.’ - -But Madge would not hear of this kindly proposal. ‘I like the snow,’ -she answered, ‘and a brisk walk will do me good.’ At another time, she -would have smiled at the timidity of her friends on account of the -weather. - -‘You will catch your death of cold, my dear,’ said Mrs Joy, ‘and then -you will not be able to come to Edwin’s lecture next week. I assure you -it is the most interesting one he has yet delivered.’ - -Even the danger of missing the doctor’s lecture was not enough to -deter her from walking home. As she was passing the _King’s Head_, the -Ringsford carriage drew up at the door, and out of it jumped Coutts -Hadleigh, in the full uniform of a captain of Volunteers. He was taken -by surprise, and uttered a natural exclamation: - -‘Why, what brings you so far from home on such an evening as this? -There is going to be a regular out and outer of a snowstorm, and I -would not be here myself, only this is the night of the feed I give -every year to my men, and all the arrangements were made.’ - -She was more pleased to meet him than she was generally, for he might -be able to give her some news of Philip. So, without troubling to -answer his inquiries, she put her own. - -‘Don’t know anything about him,’ he answered—callously, as she thought, -‘except that he has got into a precious scrape, and will disgrace our -family, unless that uncle of his helps him out of it.’ - -‘Disgrace?—How is it disgrace to fail in a noble enterprise?’ - -‘Ah, it’s something worse than failing in a noble enterprise,’ answered -Coutts, returning to his habitual tone of cynical indifference. ‘But -don’t let us talk about it, if you please. I would rather not, even to -you, until all the ins and outs are known.’ - -‘When will you know about your brother’s affairs?’ - -‘I cannot say; but he will tell you all about them; and if he doesn’t, -I will. Meanwhile, let me do him a service—get into the carriage, -and Toomey will drive you home. I am sure that is what Phil and the -guv’nor, too, would say, if they found you trudging along the road in -such weather. Do get in, or they will both have me down in their black -books. The carriage is not to come back for me, so you won’t give the -horses any extra work.’ - -She consented; and Toomey, who was glad enough to turn homeward for -his own comfort as well as that of the horses, wheeled round, and -drove off at a good pace. A little way out of the village they nearly -ran over a man, who, walking in the same direction, had not heard the -carriage making up on him, either on account of the preoccupation of -his thoughts or the thick carpeting of snow on the road. - -‘All right,’ growled the man, having saved himself, and Toomey drove on. - -Madge recognised the voice of Caleb Kersey. She would have liked to -speak to him, but it was too late. She supposed, however, that he was -on his way to visit Sam Culver, from whom he would learn the cause of -Pansy’s disappearance. Caleb was on this quest, as she surmised, and he -was going to Ringsford, but not to seek information from the gardener. - - -CHAPTER XLIX.—AT MIDNIGHT. - -Coutts Hadleigh relished good wine; but he was cautious in his cups, -as in everything else. On this evening, however, he ‘drank fair,’ as -it is called, with his comrades; and those who were acquainted with -his habits noted the fact with increasing curiosity as the evening -advanced. This was the fifth annual dinner he had given to ‘his men’ -since the captain’s commission had been thrust upon him, and he had on -no previous occasion displayed so much hilarity or provided so many -cynical anecdotes for the entertainment of the company. His lieutenant -and sub.—both proprietors of the land they farmed—concluded that the -captain must have made some exceptionally lucky stroke in business -recently. Coutts believed he had. - -The members of the Kingshope Volunteer corps were mostly young farmers -and the sons of farmers, who should have possessed the physical -proportions which would have specially qualified them for the soldier’s -career. But it was surprising to observe how few of them presented -these qualifications. When Dick Crawshay first saw them mustered, he -exclaimed in loud indignation, his huge form towering over the whole -troop: ‘What! is that all our county can show in the way of Volunteers? -Why, half a dozen of our old yeomen would scare them into the middle -of next week without a tussle! They are more like a set of town -scarecrows than country-bred lads.... Ah, this comes ov givin’ the land -to people that have money and no muscle, and meddle with things they -know nothing about.’ - -He was right in a certain degree, for these youths were the sons of -wealthy merchants who take up farming as a hobby, and leaving the work -to hired labourers, are indifferent to losses, and therefore able to -pay rents which the working farmer has struggled for a time to compete -with, and given up in despair, or emigrated. This was a sore subject -with yeoman Dick, and although regularly invited by Coutts to this -annual feast, he regularly refused to go—and even kept within his own -bounds whenever he knew there was a parade. The prejudice prevented him -from learning that a goodly number of these young fellows made up for -physical deficiencies by skill as marksmen and efficiency in drill; so -that the Kingshope Volunteer corps formed a by no means unsatisfactory -body of men for home defence. But had any one dared to hint that -even in some respects they might be favourably compared with the old -yeomanry, he would have made Dick his foe. - -On the present occasion, Captain Hadleigh’s company showed that they -had improved slightly on one of the yeomanry practices by keeping up -their revels to a late hour without all getting drunk. The lieutenant -having to pass Ringsford on his way home, and having his gig with -him, drove the captain to the gates of the Manor. The snow had only -ceased falling a little while before the company at the _King’s Head_ -broke up, and now it lay deep on the roads, houses, and fields. The -old church looked like a huge snow-house; and the meadows in the dim -moonlight presented a white surface, apparently on a level with the -hedgerows. - -The lieutenant’s powerful cob had its work to do, for at every step -its hoofs sank deep in the snow-covered road. But the travellers were -merry, and did not mind the slowness of their progress. Their chief -trouble was to keep the road and avoid the open ditches. They succeeded -in this, and also succeeded in distinguishing the point where the Manor -gates broke the white wall. - -Coutts made his way through the side-gate, which shook large pancakes -of snow down upon him as he opened it. - -The avenue being guarded by its long arch of tree-branches, the path -was comparatively easy to traverse, and Coutts was soon in front of the -house, which, like the church, was a shapeless white mass, broken by a -few points of light. Underneath these few lights was dark shadow. As -Coutts ascended the steps of the portico, a man stepped out from the -shadow. - -‘I want to speak to you a minute, Mr Coutts Hadleigh; I’ve been waiting -all evening for you.’ - -Coutts was no coward, although his brain was somewhat muddy with wine; -but this sudden apparition made him spring to the top of the steps and -ring the bell, as he exclaimed fiercely: - -‘Who are you, and what do you want with me at this hour?’ - -‘I want to know where is Pansy Culver?’ said the man with enforced -calmness, which contrasted to his advantage with the blustering ire of -the other. - -‘Confound your impudence—how should I know?’ - -‘I saw you with her at the London station. Where has she gone to? Where -did you send her to?’ - -‘She didn’t tell me where she was going to, and I didn’t send her -anywhere.’ - -Caleb Kersey’s calmness broke bounds, and he next spoke with savage -determination: - -‘You are lying, and you shall tell me the truth.’ - -‘You’re an insolent fool.’ - -As Caleb swiftly ascended the steps, he received a vigorous buffet on -the breast, which tumbled him backward on the snow. The door was open; -Coutts entered; the door was instantly closed, bolted, chained, and -locked. - -‘Tell that fellow Kersey to go about his business,’ said Coutts to the -attendant who had been waiting up for him; ‘he is drunk or mad. If he -has any business with me, he knows where to find me at proper hours.’ - -With that he went up-stairs in a furious temper with the man who had -insulted him, and had evidently intended to offer violence to his -person. Before he had reached the first landing, there was an impatient -but not a very loud knock at the door. The servant repeated his young -master’s message, put out the hall lights, and gladly enough went off -to bed. - -Caleb stood in the portico hesitating as to what he should do. He had -been waiting there for hours; he had been told that Mr Coutts Hadleigh -was not at home—the servant declined to say where he might be found. -The snow and the cold did not appear to affect him. He waited, and at -last the man had come, but had not given the watcher any satisfaction. -Caleb was aware that his application was untimely: but that was not -his fault: the circumstances were exceptional. He must know from this -villain what he had done with Pansy, and then he would seek her father, -whose authority would rescue her from the evil influence under which -she had fallen. - -The poor fellow never thought that his first step ought to have been -to consult Pansy’s father. A natural delicacy, rude and earnest, made -him shrink from the idea, because he felt sure it would cause him pain. -He learned from his friends in the village that Pansy had gone away -somewhere; and as the gardener had no special need or liking to speak -of her grandfather, he had not mentioned to any of his gossips whither -she had gone. So Caleb, sitting in a train which was just starting, -having caught sight of Pansy and Coutts Hadleigh talking together on -the platform at Liverpool Street Station, instantly concluded that -there was something wrong. He would have jumped out of the carriage; -but the other passengers prevented him, and he had to endure cruel -torments of speculation and rage until he reached his destination. - -He had no hope of winning Pansy; but he might save her from the fate -to which she seemed to be hasting. He had no doubt she had been taught -to repeat some falsehood to her father, which kept him quiet about -her absence, and he had no doubt of her danger. Then with a sullen -resolution, in which the anxiety of a lover was combined with the -suppressed fury of a maniac, he sought Coutts Hadleigh, determined to -force the truth from him. - -In those cold weary hours when he was hanging about the Manor waiting, -the words of Philip frequently recurred to him: ‘Trust her, man; -trust her.’ He imagined that he did trust her; he was sure that she -did not mean to do wrong. But at the same time the wicked comment of -Wrentham also presented itself, reminding him that trust gave the woman -opportunity to deceive. He did not like the man who spoke or the words -he uttered; but the remembrance made him uneasy. - -‘Ah, if Master Philip had not been in such a pickle with his own -affairs, I’d have gone to him now, and he would have told me what was -best to do, even though the villain be his own brother. But it would -be a mortal shame to put more trouble on him when he’s down enough -already. I’ll go my own way.’ - -All these things were careering through his mind, as he stood under the -portico wondering how he should act. He heard a casement open above—it -seemed to be directly over his head—and Captain Hadleigh shouted: - -‘You’d better move off quietly, Kersey, or I’ll call our fellows and -send for the police.’ - -The casement was closed violently, the two sides banging together, the -principal windows of the Manor opening on hinges like doors, in the -French fashion. - -Caleb stepped out from beneath the portico and looked up. There was a -ruddy glow—the effect of the light shining through deep maroon-coloured -curtains—in two windows on the first floor. One of these windows opened -on to the top of the portico which formed part of a balcony. That was -the one from which Hadleigh must have spoken, thought Caleb; and was -immediately satisfied on the point by seeing the shadow of a man who -was passing slowly between the light and the curtains. - -‘The stable ain’t far off, and I can find a ladder there,’ muttered -Caleb, moving away from the front of the house. - - * * * * * - -Mr Hadleigh, sen., was seated at his writing-table, his back towards -the windows. Before him lay those sheets of manuscript which he had -written at intervals during the past year. The broad shade on the lamp -cast the soft light down on the table, and had it not been for the -bright glow of a huge fire, the rest of the room—and especially the -upper part—would have been in comparative darkness. As it was, the -flickering flame of the fire made the shadows above and around him -flutter and change like living things. - -He was not writing. He was carefully separating certain pages from the -others; having done so, he fastened them together neatly, and with his -hand covering them, as if to hide the words from himself, he leaned -back on his chair. Suddenly he rose and paced the floor slowly in -melancholy reflection. - -When he resumed his seat, there was a placid expression on his face, -like that of one who, after a long mental struggle, has come to a -final decision and found peace. - -With as much sad deliberation as if he were committing a dear one to -the grave, he placed the separate packets of manuscript in different -envelopes. The first and largest he addressed in a bold clear hand, -‘_To Mrs Philip Hadleigh. To be opened after my death._’ - -Over the second packet his pen was poised for some moments, and his -hand was not so steady as before when he began to write. - -‘_To my son, Philip Hadleigh. To be opened after my death and read by -him alone. When he has read, he shall decide whether to burn at once or -first to show it to his wife. The secret of my life is here._’ - -As his pen stopped, a chill blast passed through the room, making the -lamplight waver, as if it were about to be extinguished. Mr Hadleigh, -surprised, raised his head slowly, and slowly looked round. - -The window behind him was open, and before it stood a tall, -rough-looking, muscular man. Mr Hadleigh’s sallow cheeks became more -sallow, his eyes started, and his lips trembled slightly. He recovered -himself instantly, and rising calmly from his seat, and at the same -moment lifting the shade from the lamp, his eyes remaining fixed all -the time on the intruder, burglar, intending murderer, perhaps. - -When the light was uncovered, the man drew back a pace with a kind of -growl of surprise. Mr Hadleigh retained perfect self-possession; but he -was not much relieved from apprehension by recognising in his midnight -visitor the leader of the agricultural agitators who had on various -occasions openly declared antagonism to the master of Ringsford. - -(_To be continued._) - - - - -A LITTLE KNOWLEDGE _NOT_ DANGEROUS. - - -A remarkable circumstance recently occurred which brings out strongly -the fact that scientific teaching in medical and surgical matters has -made giant strides of late. On the 8th of July an accident happened -to a ‘marker’ at the ranges of the Civil Service Rifle regiment at -Wimbledon when marking at the five hundred yards’ range. According -to the report, a rifle-bullet seems ‘to have bounded off the corner -of the target and to have entered the marker’s breast.’ Fortunately, -the great annual meeting of the National Rifle Association was to -commence in a day or two, and the Field Hospital prepared for the -meeting was being got ready under the charge of Sergeant Monaghan -and Corporal Melville, both of the Army Hospital Corps. Thither the -wounded man was immediately carried; but there was no surgeon present -or anywhere near. Seeing, however, the serious nature of the case, the -two soldiers, without a moment’s hesitation, took steps to extract the -bullet, which had entered the right breast just under the collar-bone. -Having carefully examined his patient and found the exact locality of -the bullet, Sergeant Monaghan, with the assistance of the corporal, -made an incision in the back and was enabled at once to extract the -bullet from the spot where it had lodged, just opposite to the point -of entry in the breast. The injured man, a member of the corps of -Commissionaires, expressed himself much gratified with the prompt -attention he had received, as well as with the skilful operation by -which, without a moment’s loss of time, the important act of removing -the bullet had been accomplished. Too much praise cannot be given to -the two soldiers, who by their ready and intelligent action, saved -their patient not only from prolonged suffering, but perhaps even from -death itself. - -The well-known saying of ‘A little knowledge is a dangerous thing,’ -is here singularly confuted, for it was just the ‘little knowledge’ -applied with sagacity and intelligence that probably saved the life of -a fellow-creature. - -Many of our readers will doubtless remember a melancholy occurrence -which took place last year on one of the Swiss mountains, when a -valuable young life was lost for the want of a ‘little knowledge,’ and -in itself, very simple knowledge too. A German engineer and two guides -were ascending one of the famous Swiss mountains, when the younger -of the guides appears to have had a very bad fall, by which either a -bottle or a lamp-glass was broken, the fractured part entering the -young man’s thigh and dividing the femoral artery. It would not, we -should suppose, have required very profound surgical knowledge to know -that the man would inevitably bleed to death unless this great artery -could be immediately compressed; but incredible as it may appear, -neither the German nor the other Swiss guide knew anything about the -matter. They tried to stop the spouting blood with their handkerchiefs, -which of course was of no avail. Neither thought of tying the -handkerchief or other ligature round the upper part of the limb, and -then twisting it tight by the application of a stick; and so the poor -young fellow quickly bled to death. Now, if the bleeding could have -been arrested by ligature until surgical assistance was procured, the -young guide would doubtless have recovered, for the injury, as a mere -flesh-wound, was in itself by no means serious. Here, then, a ‘little -knowledge’ would have done a vast amount of good. - -One of the best, most useful, and practical associations of the present -day is the St John’s Ambulance Society, which teaches all who care -to learn how to act in such emergencies as that related, and to take -instant action _on the spot_, until surgical aid can be obtained—a -ticklish and anxious time, often fraught with serious danger, when -there is not a minute to spare, and where loss of time means loss of -life. - -Let every one, therefore, who has any real love for his fellows, and -who feels that he or she has the nerve requisite for the work—for -this is a _sine quâ non_—at once learn how to act in cases of sudden -accident, illness, faintness, drowning, or any other of the many -unlooked-for ills and mishaps that ‘flesh is heir to’—a species of -knowledge that will improve the mind of the possessor, and may be -productive of infinite good. - - - - -THE LAST OF THE STUARTS. - -A MODERN ROMANCE. - - -III.—KING CHARLES III. - -There were great preparations at Balquhalloch Castle for the worthy -reception of the king; and but for the fact that the editor, who was -also the sole reporter, of the Aberdumble _Warder_ was at the time -confined to his house from indisposition, the whole matter would no -doubt have found its way into the papers. The Princess spared neither -trouble nor expense. Two Aberdumble carpenters arrived, and erected -opposite the porter’s lodge a wooden triumphal arch. An Aberdumble -painter followed after them, and inscribed upon the arch, in large red -letters on a blue ground, a legend welcoming His Majesty to his own -again. And when the painter had departed, the Princess, accompanied by -Tom Checkstone and Father M‘Fillan, drove into Aberdumble and hired -all the flags in the town. She also subsidised the local brass band, -the members of which she instructed to be at the castle at a given -hour, prepared to play at her behest the stirring strains of _Who’ll -be King but Charlie_, and as many other Jacobite tunes as they knew or -could learn meanwhile; and she further engaged four pipers, who were to -stand just within the castle gate and salute her royal nephew in their -most tremendous style. It must be confessed that the Princess was a -trifle indiscreet. She undoubtedly laid herself open to a prosecution -for treason-felony, if not indeed for treason of the highest and most -deadly type; but fortunately for her, the Aberdumble people had grown -accustomed to her eccentricities, and not a soul dreamt of gainsaying -her will and pleasure in the matter. She therefore returned with a -carriage-load of flags, which she caused to be festooned from the -battlements. In her own boudoir and with her own fingers, she had -long since worked in silk a faithful copy of the old royal standard -of Scotland, and this she ordered to be run up on the flagstaff that -surmounted the keep, whenever the king should set foot within the -castle walls. Furthermore, she directed that at that auspicious moment -her head-butler, assisted by one of her stable-boys, should begin -the firing of a royal salute from an old brass gun that stood upon -the western wall; and in order to provide for this, she purchased -in Aberdumble, Archie M‘Pherson the ironmonger’s entire stock of -sporting-powder. - -Betimes there came a telegram for the Princess. ‘Shall be with you,’ it -ran, ‘at noon to-morrow;’ and it had been despatched by Charlie from -the telegraph office in Fleet Street, London. - -The Princess passed the night in a state of the utmost excitement. -Instead of retiring to rest, she paced to and fro until daylight -began to dawn; and it was only at Tom’s urgent entreaty that she then -consented to repair to her boudoir and lie down for a few hours. She -had talked of attempting to raise the country side, and of going to -the railway station at the head of her kilted and armed retainers, -to welcome her nephew; but Father M‘Fillan’s more sensible counsel -prevailed. He pointed out that nothing could be gained by undue haste, -and that any ill-advised display of force would probably end in the -speedy collapse of the movement long ere it could ripen and bear good -fruit. The fact is that, but for the common-sense of the chaplain, the -Princess would have done a thousand rash deeds. Fortunately, he had -constituted himself her temporal as well as spiritual adviser; and -being a man of extraordinary kindness and goodness, he had easily won -the Princess’s confidence. He regarded her as a harmless maniac, and -believed that there would be no danger in humouring her within due -bounds; nor did he conceal his opinions from Tom Checkstone, who, while -professing to coincide with them, fully made up his mind to carry on -the game until it should bring some decided advantage to himself and -his friend Charles Stuart. - -The Princess, accompanied by Father M‘Fillan, and by Tom, who rode, -drove to Aberdumble Station without the retinue of armed tenants; and, -punctual to the appointed hour, the king’s train arrived. The Princess -would have respectfully kissed His Majesty’s hand; but Charlie, with -right royal condescension, embraced his aunt and kissed her upon both -cheeks. Then, having graciously shaken hands with Tom and the priest, -he entered the carriage, which was driven rapidly back to Balquhalloch. -A few children followed it for a short distance, but they were soon -left behind, and it was not until the castle was well in sight that any -further signs of excitement and expectation became visible. - -The first loyal greeting came from Daft Andy M‘Gregor, an old fellow -of eighty-seven. He had heard from his grandfather of the great doings -of the ’45; and fully believing that patriotism required it of him, -he stood at his cottage door waving a rusty claymore, and flang his -bonnet into the air as the carriage rolled quickly by. A more formal -welcome awaited the king at the gateway of the castle. The porter’s -eldest son, in his Sunday clothes, walked gravely forward, bearing on -a cushion the castle keys, and, with profound obeisance, presented -them to Charlie, who as gravely received them and gave them into Tom’s -custody. At that moment the four pipers struck up; and the carriage, as -it passed through the gateway, was saluted by a boom from the old brass -gun. Tears stood in the Princess’s eyes, as, giving her hand to Father -M‘Fillan, she alighted. ‘Thank heaven for this day!’ she exclaimed -devoutly; while in a louder voice she added: ‘God save the king!’ - -The cry was taken up by all the servants and tenants who had collected -in the courtyard, and was accentuated by a second boom from the brass -gun. Thus acclaimed, the king, supported by Tom, walked into the great -hall, and was thence conducted by the Princess herself to his private -apartments. - -‘The first thing,’ she whispered to him, ‘will be to hold a council.’ - -‘Of course!’ assented Charlie. ‘We must hold a council at once. Let me -see. May Tom—I mean Mr Checkstone—act as my private secretary until I -can appoint some one else to the post?’ - -‘Most certainly! Your Majesty’s wishes are commands. I will send Mr -Checkstone to you.’ And the amiable Princess respectfully kissed her -nephew and retired. - -A minute later, Tom peeped in at Charlie’s door and entered his room. -The two young men at once burst into fits of suppressed laughter. - -‘It is really too bad!’ exclaimed Charlie. ‘You can’t imagine how -difficult it has been for me to keep my countenance.’ - -‘Never mind; you have done very well so far,’ returned Tom. ‘I am to -be your private secretary _pro tem._, and you are to hold a council. -I must therefore beg your Majesty to graciously nominate your -councillors.’ - -‘Whom shall I nominate? There is Father M‘Fillan.’ - -‘And Alexander Gordon, the factor; he is a presentable sort of fellow.’ - -‘And my aunt, the Princess.’ - -‘Ah, the constitution doesn’t permit you to nominate women.’ - -‘Well, then, we four can hold the council, if the council must be -held,’ said Charlie.—‘Now, how am I to comport myself?’ - -‘Father M‘Fillan understands, of course, that we are only masquerading; -but you mustn’t let him know that you have even the most distant -designs on your aunt’s money-bags, for he would spoil the game in an -instant if he did know it. As for Sandy Gordon—to him you must be the -king, the whole king, and nothing but the king. If I were you, I should -knight him. It would consolidate his loyalty.’ - -‘I’ll make him a baronet, if you like,’ assented Charlie. ‘It won’t -cost any more.—But what are we to do in council?’ - -‘To decide upon your plan of action,’ said Tom. ‘And we may as well -settle that here. The decision must be that no public steps are to be -taken at present.’ - -‘Quite so.—But don’t, Tom, push matters too far. I only want to be able -to marry Kate, you know; and really five hundred a year from my aunt -would satisfy me.’ - -‘All right, old fellow; you shall have a thousand.—But now to business. -I will go and announce the nomination of councillors. The council -will meet in the drawing-room in half an hour. Shave yourself, and -make yourself look as royal as possible. There was to be a valet to -wait upon you, but he hasn’t yet arrived from Edinburgh.—How they are -pounding away with that absurd brass gun! Fortunately, the powder has -almost run out, so you won’t be troubled with your full salute.’ And -Tom disappeared. - -The first sitting of King Charles III.’s council was not a long one. -The decision at which Charlie and Tom had already arrived was, of -course, adopted. Sandy Gordon was offered, but modestly declined, the -honour of knighthood; and Father M‘Fillan was commissioned to inform -the Princess that the king did not deem it expedient for the present -to take any public steps to assert his authority beyond the loyal -precincts of Balquhalloch. - -The Princess, who for nights had been dreaming of rebellion, was -grievously disappointed, and sought to bend her nephew’s determination. -After dinner, when for a short time she was alone with him, she talked -the matter over. - -‘Well, my dear aunt,’ said the king at last, ‘I need not tell you -that if we organise a rising, I must put myself at the head of it. -And if I put myself at the head of it, I must of necessity risk my -life. At present, as you know, I am not married. I am the last male -of our house. Ought I not, before facing the danger, to look to the -interests of my race, and indeed of the country? If I had a son, or -even a daughter, I could go forth with a lighter heart to battle; for -in that case my death would not mean the inevitable extinction of all -our hopes. You, it is true, would succeed me, but only for a few short -burdensome years; and with you the line would pass out of existence.’ - -‘True,’ assented the Princess; ‘you certainly ought to marry, and to -marry quickly. But whom can you marry? Who is worthy of you? Your -royal grandmother was a Tudor, a worthy spouse for my father of sacred -memory. But there are no Tudors now; and besides, you ought not to -marry a cousin. I fear that you must seek an alliance on the continent, -among the Bourbons or the Hapsburgs.’ - -‘Why not among the English Plantagenets?’ asked the king. - -‘Would that some remained,’ ejaculated the Princess. - -‘But one does remain,’ said Charlie. ‘The fact is that I have had the -good fortune to make the acquaintance of one whom I have determined to -wed; and, my dear aunt, she is a Plantagenet. Mr Checkstone, who has -the honour of her acquaintance, will tell you about her.’ - -‘Indeed!’ exclaimed the Princess. ‘This news greatly rejoices me. Let -Mr Checkstone write to her at once in my name and ask her to come and -visit me. I will judge of her worthiness.’ - -‘You had better write,’ suggested the king. ‘Why not write informally, -as my aunt. You must remember that we cannot yet afford to risk -anything by publicly hinting at my pretensions, much less by boldly -proclaiming to the country and the powers that be that I intend to -seize the crown.’ - -The Princess reflected; but she gave way, and, for once in her life, -signed herself simply Henrietta Maria Stuart. - -In due course Kate received the invitation. It was accompanied -by a private letter from Charlie; and when she had read the two -communications, she forfeited a month’s salary and quitted her -situation. A few days had to be spent in preparing for the visit to so -large and grand an establishment as she knew Balquhalloch to be; but in -less than a week after hearing from Miss Stuart, Catharine Plantagenet -left London for Scotland. - - -IV.—THE COLLAPSE. - -The Princess was charmed with Catharine Plantagenet, who, in truth, was -as gentle and true-hearted a girl as could be met with anywhere; but -when she became fully aware of the deception to which she was a party, -it was with the greatest difficulty that Charlie persuaded her to -refrain from telling her proud hostess the secret of her birth. - -‘Well,’ said Catharine, ‘under any circumstances I won’t consent to -take advantage of your aunt’s weakness. I hate false pretences. Your -aunt ought to do something for you, I confess, but let her do it with -her eyes open.’ - -Ere long, however, the Princess, upon her own initiative, made a -proposition to which even Catharine saw no objection. - -‘My dear,’ she said one morning, ‘I am getting old, and since you have -been here with me, I have begun to feel that I should not like to be -without you. Now I know perfectly well that Charles will be glad to -stay here for the present; so, why don’t you make up your minds to -marry and stay here together? When I die, the castle and everything -belonging to it will be his. You need never regard yourselves, -therefore, as trespassers upon my hospitality.’ - -‘And you really like to have me with you?’ asked Catharine. - -‘Certainly, my dear.’ - -‘For my own sake, I mean?’ added Catharine. - -‘Yes, for your own sake, and quite apart even from the fact that -Charles loves you. I shall speak to him about it.’ And speak to him she -did. - -‘You will be quieter and better off here than in London,’ she said; -‘and you will be able to mature your plans for the future. You and -Catharine shall have a separate establishment for yourselves; there is -plenty of room for all of us. And if you have any hesitation on the -score of money matters—which, after all, trouble the highest as well as -the lowest—I may set your mind at ease, my dear Charles, by telling you -that I have determined to give Catharine on her wedding-day a hundred -thousand pounds by way of jointure. When I die, the rest will be yours.’ - -‘You are very good, aunt,’ exclaimed the king, who was fairly overcome -by his relative’s liberality. ‘Yes; nowhere can we be happier than -here. But let us be married quietly.’ - -‘By all means! Father M‘Fillan shall perform the ceremony in the -chapel. Get Catharine to name a day—the sooner the better.’ - -Charlie talked over the matter that very evening with his sweetheart, -and an arrangement was soon come to between them. The wedding was -fixed for an early date; a few favoured guests were invited; and in -due course Charlie and Catharine became man and wife, Tom acting as -best-man, and Sandy Gordon, who, on account of his age and patriarchal -beard, seemed to be peculiarly fitted for the part, giving away the -bride. There was, of course, a feast for the tenantry; and the brass -gun on the wall was again fired—this time until it burst; but, as the -Princess regretfully said, the ceremony was not worthy of the event. It -ought to have taken place at Holyrood or Westminster Abbey. - -Charlie and Catharine went to Edinburgh for their honeymoon; and when -they returned to Balquhalloch, the castle settled down once more into -its normal condition of peace and quietness. Tom and the Princess spent -much of their time in the library, working hard at the family history; -and the young couple, with nothing to worry them, and only themselves -to think about, passed a delightful existence, which seemed as if it -could never become wearisome. - -But matters could not go on for ever in this way. The Princess in time -began to ask Charlie about his plans. ‘Will arms be required?’ she -wanted to know. ‘Will there be uniforms for the troops? What hope is -there of foreign assistance? Can the officers and men throughout the -country be bribed?’ And above all, ‘When are you going to rise and -strike for your rights?’ In short, the situation threatened to become -critical. And when, nearly a year after his wedding, Charlie found -himself the proud father of a boy, he realised that he must either act, -or permit his good aunt to scorn him as a weak-kneed, cowardly shadow -of a king. - -The auspicious event caused the Princess to be unusually active. She -desired, ere the grand stroke should be dealt, to be in a position to -publish abroad a full and complete pedigree, tracing the descent of the -Stuarts of Balquhalloch from the royal Stuarts of Scotland; and hearing -that a number of old records bearing upon the question were for sale in -London, she despatched Tom Checkstone thither with _carte blanche_ to -buy whatever he could lay his hands upon. Tom was absent for ten days; -and when he reappeared, he had with him a large chest full of dusty, -mouldy, discoloured documents. These treasures were conveyed to the -library, and for a week the Princess almost lived among them. - -One day Charlie and Catharine, who was now convalescent, were sitting -at luncheon, when, without warning, the Princess burst into the room. -She was very violently excited. Her gray hair had fallen loose, her -cheeks were pallid, and her hands were clenched convulsively. - -‘What is the matter?’ exclaimed Charlie and Catharine, both rising -together and rushing to support their aunt. - -‘Matter!’ she cried—‘matter?’ and she began to weep hysterically. - -‘Tell me,’ implored Catharine. ‘What can we do?’ - -But Tom, who had followed the Princess, and who now appeared in the -open doorway, soon explained the cause of the outbreak. - -‘Look here!’ he said, as he held out a yellow parchment. ‘It is a -terrible blow to your aunt, Charlie. There has been some mistake. You -are not descended from the royal Stuarts at all. A similarity of names -and some careless copying are responsible for the error.’ - -Charlie seized the manuscript, and having hastily glanced at it, threw -it aside, and went to his aunt, who was already being attended to by -Catharine. - -The Princess had fainted; but ere long she recovered, and was able to -tell her version of the story. She had been completing the pedigree; -she had almost arrived at the last link, when the whole chain had been -snapped by this hideous discovery. She would never get over the shock. -To think that after all she was a nobody! It was too dreadful! - -They led her to her own room, and in time succeeded in calming her. -Then, in order to convince himself, Charlie carefully examined the -parchment. Its statements could not be gainsaid. The Stuarts of -Balquhalloch had no connection with royalty; and he would not now be -required to seize the throne of Great Britain. To him the revelation -came, it must be remarked, as a welcome relief; but for days and weeks -it made his poor aunt miserable; and when she finally reconciled -herself to her lot, it seemed as if her energy and pleasure in life had -departed for ever. Indeed, she never entirely got over the blow, and at -the beginning of this year she died. - -Charlie and Catharine were with her to the last, and she bequeathed -everything to them. Balquhalloch, therefore, is now theirs; and Tom -Checkstone, who, rightly or wrongly, regarded himself as Charlie’s good -genius, holds sway as his friend’s secretary, man of business, chum, -and general factotum. - - - - -THE MONTH: - -SCIENCE AND ARTS. - - -On the 27th of August, the British Association commenced its -fifty-fourth annual meeting—not this year, however, on British soil, -but at Montreal in Canada. Some hundreds of members travelled from this -country to be present at the meeting. Both on the part of the city and -of the Dominion, the reception of the Association has been everything -that could be desired by its members. Montreal itself raised forty -thousand dollars towards defraying the expenses of the visit, and three -hundred of the members were, besides, received as guests into private -houses. The new President, Lord Rayleigh, Professor of Experimental -Physics in the University of Cambridge, delivered the opening address, -in which he sketched the progress that had been made in certain -important branches of science. The final meeting of the Association was -held on the afternoon of September 3, and was largely attended, about -two thousand persons being present. Lord Rayleigh in addressing the -assembly, said that no meeting had been held in which the Association -had been provided with such spacious rooms. Resolutions in favour of -the erection of a free public library in Montreal, as a memorial of the -visit, were then passed, and a large amount of money was immediately -promised in aid of this object, among the donations being one of -ten thousand pounds. The total money grants in favour of scientific -investigations made at the Montreal meeting were fifteen hundred and -fifty pounds. The tickets issued for members of the Association for -this session numbered seventeen hundred and thirty, and the money -received amounted to eighteen hundred pounds. - -Within the last twenty-five years, and more especially since the -Franco-German war, when the French made such good use of balloons, -there have been somewhat frequent rumours that the problem of aërial -navigation, comprised in the possibility of guiding and propelling a -balloon in a given direction, had been solved. The machine in each -case is carefully described, and generally it is represented as -having risen gracefully in the air, travelled about a little, and -then returned to its starting-point. Then, nothing more is heard of -it. Such an event is said to have occurred last month in France. The -gas-vessel—it can hardly be called a balloon, for it is cigar-shaped—is -nearly two hundred feet long. A platform is hung below, upon which is -a screw propeller, worked by a dynamo-machine and a large rudder. This -description tallies almost exactly with the form of so-called steerable -balloons which have been constructed, tried, and found useless by -M. Giffard, M. Tissandier, and others in previous years. The French -government have spent much money in experimental ballooning, and this -last achievement is the result. Perhaps the authorities were obliged -to show something for the money that was being spent, but we fear that -that something is not anything new or profitable. Until an aërial -machine be produced which shall make its way _against_ strong currents, -balloon navigation will remain as it has hitherto been. - -Here is a clever American notion, and one which will probably have -a wide application. It consists of a noiseless door-closer. In the -ordinary metal or india-rubber spring, so commonly fixed to doors, -the greatest energy is exerted at first, and the door generally slams -with a noise which is very distressing to any one with nerves. In the -new arrangement, the spring is fixed to the piston attached to a small -air-cylinder, so that as the door closes, the resistance of the air -in the cylinder checks its motion before the terrible bang arrives. A -small opening in the cylinder then lets in the air, so that the spring -once more asserts its authority with sufficient persuasion to gently -close the door. - -After the terrors excited by the alleged danger of using arsenical -wall-papers, it is rather a relief to read the opinion of Mr R. -Galloway, who has written an article upon the subject in the _Journal -of Science_. ‘Has it,’ he asks, ‘ever been proved that persons -who inhabit rooms the wall-paper of which is stained with emerald -green, suffer from arsenical poisoning?’ He then points out that the -injurious effects, if any, must be due to the mechanical detachment -of the pigment from the paper, and that such homœopathic doses of the -substance as could be carried by the air, would be totally different -from the effects which arise from larger doses of arsenic. Moreover, -he has made inquiry as to any cases of poisoning occurring during the -packing of this finely divided pigment—during which operation the -packers are surrounded by clouds of its dust—and could hear of none. Mr -Mattieu Williams, a well-known writer on Science, is also of opinion -that ‘arsenical wall-papers’ are practically harmless. We are glad to -record these opinions, for the tendency of the present time is to point -out lurking dangers in every direction, until one is apt to wonder how -our forefathers, in their happy ignorance of sanitation, ever contrived -to reach adult age. - -At Reading, this autumn, a honey-fair is to be held, when prizes -will be distributed to beekeepers who work on humane and advanced -principles, and also to those who can show the greatest amount of -unadulterated honey raised in a Berkshire hive. Such a show as this is -worthy of every encouragement, for honey fetches a high price, and so -does wax, even in these days of cheap sugar and composite candles. It -thus becomes possible for the intelligent cottager to add considerably -to his scanty means; and if he can be taught that honey can be won -without periodical destruction of bees and comb, so much the better. -There is some complaint that the newfangled hives, efficient though -they be, are too expensive to supersede the old straw skep. The British -Beekeepers’ Association might well turn their attention to this aspect -of the matter. - -Last year, Professor Huxley stated it as his opinion that no act of -man could possibly influence the increase or decrease in the number of -sea-fish. This was in answer to the gloomy anticipations of many that -the herring and other fisheries would be gradually annihilated unless -our fishermen were compelled by law to observe certain conditions. So -far as herrings are concerned, the recent enormous catches have shown -that there are fish as good and plentiful in the sea as ever yet came -out. Last month, we saw these fish in splendid condition being sold at -the Farringdon Fish Market, London, at one penny per dozen. By the way, -can any one explain why, in these days of refrigerators and cheap ice, -eighty-six tons of fish should be allowed in one month to become—at -Billingsgate—unfit for human food? - -At a flower-show at Frome the other day, prizes were offered by Miss -Ormerod, the consulting entomologist to the Royal Agricultural Society -of England, for the best collection of food-plants injured by insects, -accompanied by samples of the injurious creatures themselves, and a -short written account of the nature of their depredations and the -preventive measures to be adopted in dealing with them. There was only -one competitor, Mr Herbert Haley of Frome; but the collection which he -showed was a very complete one, and was most highly commended by Miss -Ormerod. As this was the first injurious-insect competition in this -country, and was probably known to comparatively few persons, we need -not be surprised at the want of competitors. Ten years ago in Paris, a -similar Exhibition took place, in which nearly four hundred competitors -took part. The exhibits included useful as well as injurious insects, -which were divided into separate classes. Such competitions ought to be -productive of a great amount of good. - -Recent experiments have led to the adoption of many alterations in the -torpedo system, which is likely to play such an important part in naval -operations of the future. Hitherto, the torpedo—a huge fish-like case -to hold explosives, and containing within itself an air-engine for -propelling it through the water—was thrust from a ship’s side below -the water-line. But it was found in practice that it was impossible to -fire the agent of destruction in a straight line, especially if its -mother-ship were under way. In the new method, the torpedo, which is -sixteen feet long and fourteen inches in diameter, is fitted into a -steel tube just large enough to contain the projectile. The pressure -of a key admits highly compressed air to this tube, and the torpedo -is shot out of an open port on exactly the same principle that a pea -is projected from a pea-shooter. But in the case of the torpedo, its -little but powerful engine is set to work the moment it reaches the -water, and away speeds the torpedo on its terrible errand. - -Professor Tuck of New York has constructed an electric torpedo boat, -which will render submarine warfare very terrible, if the hopes raised -by its recent trial are fulfilled. It is made of iron, in the shape of -a cigar, or rather pointed at each end, and is thirty feet in length. -It can travel on the surface of the water, or several feet below, -at the will of its commander. The torpedoes are carried outside the -vessel, and can be detached by the action of an electro-magnet, when it -is desired to let one rise to the surface against any ship that may be -lying overhead. By means of attached wires, the torpedo can be exploded -when the submarine boat has retired to a position of safety. Jules -Verne’s clever romance _Thirty Thousand Leagues under the Sea_, seems -here to come into play. - -Under the supervision of Mr Preece, the well-known electrician to -the Post-office, an experiment of great interest has been recently -conducted at Wimbledon, near London. The object of the experiment was -to ascertain the best method of lighting streets by electricity, the -lamps employed being the incandescent pattern advocated by Edison, -Swan, and others. Some of the lamps were placed singly, others on poles -twenty feet high, while at the same time the efficiency of different -kinds of reflectors was tested. The cost is calculated to amount to -one farthing per lamp per hour for each unit of light, valued at -ten candles. Now, the cost of gas for a similar amount of light is -one-fifth of a penny, so that the difference in expense between the two -systems is not very great. On the other hand, the advantages of the -electric light in the open air, where no question of impure products -of combustion need come in, almost disappear; gas, therefore, still -fulfils the required conditions. - -It is to be hoped that the new regulations for the prevention of -collisions at sea, which have just been published, will have the effect -of reducing those calamities, which have of late become fearfully -familiar. The twenty-seven articles contained in these regulations -refer to lights, sound-signals for fog, steering and sailing rules, -precautions to be adopted, and special rules for squadrons and -convoys. We may call particular attention to article nineteen, which -indicates how one vessel can signal to another by a steam-whistle. -Thus—one short blast to mean, ‘I am directing my course to starboard;’ -two short blasts, ‘I am going to port;’ three to mean, ‘I am going -full speed astern.’ Any one will readily remark how such signals -could be added to almost indefinitely. Indeed, it is simply the -method adopted in the army for flash-signalling with the heliograph, -adapted to sound-signalling with the steam-whistle. In such a system, -unfortunately, there are few, in moments of danger, who can keep their -heads cool enough to avoid making perilous mistakes. It is somewhat -like talking quietly when the house is on fire. - -About four years ago, the startling scheme of carrying ships upon a -specially constructed railway track bodily across that little neck of -land which ties together the two Americas was conceived by Mr Eades. -This scheme was communicated to the British Association at York in -1881, and although the idea seems a novel one, like most engineering -enterprises it can be doubtless accomplished if investors can be made -to believe in its power of paying a good dividend. The suggested -route would require a track one hundred and thirty-four miles in -length, which must be laid with a compound railway of extremely solid -construction. The worked-out details of the method of raising a ship -on a pontoon, transferring it to a travelling cradle, and finally -committing it to the deep once more, after its journey on dry land, are -most ingenious. Mr Eades, who hails from the United States, is now in -England, endeavouring to interest capitalists in his proposals. - -The demolition of the old law-courts which adjoined Westminster Hall, -has brought into view one of the most interesting pieces of stonework -belonging to Norman times that can be found in London. The state of -preservation of the wall of the old hall, upon which the marks of the -mason’s tools are still visible, is due to the circumstance, that -from a very early time it was under cover, for a cloister extended -along the whole length of the building on this side. Mr Pearson, the -architect, was lately requested to report upon the subject, and to -suggest the best method of restoration compatible with the preservation -of this unique relic of the reign of William Rufus; and it has been -determined to restore the cloister as it originally stood. According to -the opinion of Mr Shaw-Lefevre, the First Commissioner of Works, the -edifice when completed will, with the Houses of Parliament and the old -abbey adjacent, form one of the grandest groups of buildings in Europe. - -The attractions of South Kensington Museum have lately been added to by -the opening of a room containing a collection of antique casts, which -have been collected and arranged by Mr W. C. Perry. This collection -numbers about three hundred specimens, which illustrate the whole -historical range of ancient art. Such a record of the plastic art of -ancient times is of deep interest to the archæologist, as well as of -immense value to the art student. The arrangement of the specimens is -mainly chronological, and where one or two casts are, on account of -inconvenient size, not shown in their right place, it is in consequence -of want of space. We may venture to hope that at some not distant date, -better accommodation will be found for this valuable and interesting -collection. - -The Great Western Railway has always been famed for the wonderful -engineering difficulties which were grappled with by the daring Brunel, -and many evidences of his skill are apparent to the traveller on that -line. But even Brunel did not conceive the bold idea of piercing a -tunnel twenty-six feet in diameter, and four and a half miles in -length, beneath the bed of the Severn. But this great work has now -been in progress for some years, and the operations latterly have -been pushed forward with such rapidity by three thousand busy men, -that its completion may soon be looked forward to. The tunnel will -shorten considerably the distance between London and South Wales. It -is constructed so as to dip considerably towards the centre, to which -point any water will naturally gravitate. Here it will enter a drainage -subway, which will carry it to the Welsh side, to be pumped up into the -river. The great difficulty which the workers have had to contend with -is the irruption of vast bodies of water from local springs. The crown -of the tunnel lies at a depth of from eighty to a hundred feet beneath -the bed of the river. - -In these days of quick communication by telegraph and telephone, it -is strange to see how it becomes occasionally convenient to employ -‘the bird of the air’ to ‘carry the voice.’ In Haddingtonshire, at the -Penston Colliery, messages are carried from the pits to the offices, a -distance of more than six miles, by pigeons, and they accomplish the -work in about as many minutes. Telegrams are found to take about an -hour in executing the same business, and telephones are inadmissible, -because as yet no plan has been found by which the sounds can be -permanently recorded. - -In a recent lecture on Cholera and its Prevention, Professor de -Chamont called attention to the very common and erroneous idea that -tobacco-smoke, camphor, and other strongly smelling compounds act as -disinfectants. He pointed out that although chlorine, sulphurous acid -gas, and carbolic acid may under certain conditions be safely regarded -as true disinfectants, the best and most efficient known is _fire_. He -also, in speaking of sulphurous acid gas, generated by burning sulphur, -showed that a ready way of facilitating combustion was first of all to -pour upon the brimstone a little alcohol. - -Mr Graham, who recently gave an account of his mountaineering -experiences in the Himalaya, seems to have negatived some of our -preconceived notions regarding the difficulty of breathing at high -altitudes. At an elevation of more than four miles above the sea-level, -Mr Graham and his companions felt no inconvenience in breathing -except what might be expected from the muscular exertion they had -gone through. Loss of sight, nausea, bleeding at the nose or ears, -and other unpleasant symptoms often described by travellers, were -entirely absent. But the heart was sensibly affected, its rapid pace -being easily perceptible, and its beatings quite audible. It may -be remembered that Mr Glaisher and Mr Coxwell, in the course of an -experimental balloon ascent some years ago, nearly lost their lives -by the effect upon their breathing organs of the highly attenuated -atmosphere to which they had risen. But the altitude then reached was -about double that attained by Mr Graham in the Himalaya. - -A scheme has been proposed for the construction of an Indo-European -railway, the chief novelty of which is the adoption of a route along -the south shore of the Mediterranean. The line would utilise the -railroads of France and Spain. Then there would be steam-transit from -Gibraltar Bay to Ceuta in Morocco. Here would be the terminus proper of -the international railway, which would be in connection with the lines -already laid in Algeria and Tunis. The route would be continued through -Tripoli to join the Egyptian lines, and eventually along the coast of -the Persian Gulf to Kurrachee in India. Here, of course, contact would -be made with the great Indian railway system. Preliminary surveys have -been already made, and the nominal capital of the undertaking is fixed -at ten millions sterling. - -At the late meeting of the British Association in Canada, a very -curious contribution to our knowledge of carnivorous plants was made -by Professor Moseley, as a result of certain experiments he has made -with the water-weed _Utricularia vulgaris_. This plant is furnished -with small pear-shaped bladders, which at certain seasons are charged -with air, and cause the weed to rise to the surface of the water. This -movement has hitherto been supposed to be connected with the phenomenon -of fertilisation. But Professor Moseley points out that each bladder -has an opening closed by an elastic door, which will easily yield to -the pressure of a small fish; and that any unfortunate intruder is -either caught bodily, or can be securely held a prisoner by head or -tail until dead. That there is here anything analogous to digestion as -seen in other carnivorous plants, such as the _Dionæa_, &c., does not -appear; but it is thought probable that the decomposing animal matter -may contribute eventually to the life of the weed. - -An invention of considerable importance in connection with the -probability of saving life at sea has made its appearance during the -month. This consists of an adaptation of the use of oil at sea to the -ordinary life-buoy. Round the inside of the buoy is a brass reservoir -filled with oil. This is so arranged that when the buoy is hung upon -the vessel’s side no oil can escape; while the moment it assumes a -horizontal position, as, for instance, when it is thrown into the sea, -the oil flows freely, and the water all around the buoy is rapidly -covered with a thin film. This soon widens into a large circle, within -which, of course, the waves are unbroken, which enables persons to be -the more easily secured by the ship’s boats. Since it is a well-known -fact that in rough weather, when the cry ‘Man overboard!’ is oftenest -heard, life-buoys are frequently useless, as even the strongest men are -commonly washed off them, this practical adaptation of the use of oil -at sea will probably prove of signal importance. It could, we imagine, -also be readily applied to many of those improvised sea-rafts and -similar appliances, and render them of great value in rough weather. -It was the fault of many of those ingenious contrivances of this kind -which were to be seen at the Fisheries Exhibition last year, that no -one could possibly live on them in broken water, and this objection -the use of oil in this way would certainly obviate. It should be -noticed, however, that the chief value of the invention consists in the -arrangement for the oil to flow automatically. - -In addition to the electrically lighted colliery in South Wales, -noticed in last ‘Month,’ we hear of another in Lanarkshire belonging -to Mr John Watson, Earnock, near Hamilton. There may possibly be other -workings thus illuminated throughout this country; and there is no -doubt that ere long the brilliant and comparatively safe electric light -will be generally adopted underground. - -In Prussia also, as we learn from a contemporary, the electric light -at the Mechernich Mines has now had a fair trial for more than three -years, and has proved a complete success. The expectation that it would -both facilitate the operations and increase their security, has fully -been realised, and an extension of the plant is now being carried out. -An open working two thousand feet long, one thousand feet wide, and -over three hundred feet deep, in which three hundred men and twenty -horses are continually occupied, was first to be supplied with the -electric light, and it was a question whether arc lamps would answer -for this purpose in the smoky atmosphere caused by blasting operations. -For the first experiments, arc lamps of three thousand and one thousand -candles were used, with the positive carbon in the lower holder. The -effect was brilliant, yet the light did not penetrate the white smoke -cloud which collects at the upper wall immediately after the shot. But -as the smoke settles within ten minutes, it was thought advisable to -acquiesce in this interruption of a few minutes, and to use smaller -lamps of three hundred and fifty candles, which proved quite efficient. -Of these, there are ten in use, with about ten thousand feet of lead -cable, the cable being partially elastic, as the lamps with their -wires have to be removed when the blasting is to take place. The lamps -were originally supplied with hexagonal lanterns with obscured glass -to protect the eyes of the miners. The glasses were, of course, soon -broken, but no complaints are said to have been made about the naked -electric lights. - -The speech-recorder would appear to be an instrument of no small -importance, if it is able to do in a practical manner that which the -title of a patent recently applied for by Mr W. E. Irish would lead -us to suppose. The title of the patent is as follows: ‘A system or -method and means of receiving and recording articulated speech and -other sounds transmitted telegraphically, telephonically, or otherwise, -by the aid of electricity.’ The transmitting, as by telephone, and -recording of speech in characters which may be easily read, would be -of incalculable value. If this instrument fulfils what is claimed -for it, the anticipations once hoped for in the phonograph will be -realised, and in the future we may expect to see business-men talking -their correspondence into a box in which mechanism, by the aid of -electricity, records the same on paper, which may be forwarded as a -letter. Moreover, literary men will be saved the drudgery of the pen, -and have their thoughts recorded as rapidly as they can convey them -to the instrument. The system of natural phonetic signs, which we -should expect this instrument to describe, may also be the means of -influencing spelling and of simplifying the phonographic difficulties -of the language. Applications innumerable suggest themselves to us to -which such an apparatus may be applied; the verifying and duplicating -of orders received and sent telephonically, would form no small item in -the advantages to be derived from such a system. - -According to the _Journal de Rouen_, quoting from the _Polytechnische -Zeitung_, the recent invention of M. Verk, by which is produced the -effect of any metal on felt, is likely to become extremely useful when -applied to theatrical stage properties, as, besides being inexpensive, -the articles so treated are not materially increased in weight. The -things intended to assume a metallic appearance are first of all -covered with a layer of felt, which is coated over with a resinous -substance mixed with plumbago or blacklead. This is left to dry, -and is then passed over with a hot iron. The article is next rubbed -with pumice-stone, which produces the effect of burnished steel. If -copper, bronze, or silver is wished to be imitated, the felt—which is -rendered a conductor by its coating—is covered readily by immersion in -a galvano-plastic bath. - - - - -OCCASIONAL NOTES. - - -TELEGRAPHING EXTRAORDINARY. - -A contemporary supplies some interesting particulars as to the number -of words transmitted by telegraph to all parts of the kingdom on the -occasion of the Prime Minister’s recent visit to Edinburgh. On the -evening of Mr Gladstone’s arrival, press messages containing over -seventeen thousand words were handed in at the telegraph department of -the General Post-office; but the actual number of words transmitted -was over sixty-seven thousand, owing to the fact of the same report -being sent to more than one newspaper. Mr Gladstone’s visit to the -Forth Bridge works led to the transmission of twelve thousand words, -and his movements on the following day to nineteen thousand. On the -occasion of his first speech on Saturday evening (August 30) in the -Corn Exchange, sixty-two thousand four hundred and seventy-one words -were handed in, and one hundred and thirty-eight thousand four hundred -and forty-five transmitted. The number would have been greater had not -Sunday intervened, allowing of the transmission of many messages by -train. On Monday evening (September 1) the press messages reached the -enormous number of one hundred and seventeen thousand words, causing -the transmission of about four hundred and twenty-seven thousand words, -the largest number ever transmitted on any one night from Edinburgh. -After the Waverley Market speech of Tuesday night (September 2), one -hundred and seventy-two thousand eight hundred and twenty-one words -were transmitted. - -On Monday evening, when the strain was heaviest, one hundred and -thirty operators were at work, and in spite of the constant stream of -messages the department kept abreast of the reporters. As many as four -towns in the same telegraphic circuit were enabled to read almost the -same message at the same time. The message having been ‘punched’ on -long slips of prepared paper, the plan was adopted, instead of running -it entirely through one machine, of taking the slip out of the first -machine after it was three yards clear, and running it into a second -and a third. - - -CASUALTIES ON THE BRITISH COAST. - -A blue-book on sea-casualties to British vessels from July 1, 1882 to -June 30, 1883, contains the Report of the Marine Department of the -Board of Trade, showing that the total number of vessels belonging -to the United Kingdom to which casualties occurred (total losses and -serious and minor casualties) was 5409. This is higher by one hundred -and eleven than in 1881-82, when it was 5298, and higher than any year -since 1876-77, when it was 5801. The number of total losses was eight -hundred and ten (tonnage 277,490). This is lower than the previous -two years, but higher than in either of the four years preceding. -The decrease in the last two years is in sailing-vessels (classed -and unclassed) and in unclassed steamships. There is, however, a -large increase (twenty-five per cent.) in the total losses of classed -steamships. The number of serious casualties not amounting to total -losses was 1268, and was lower than any of the previous six years, -except 1879-80, when it was slightly higher. The decrease is entirely -confined to sailing-vessels. The number of steamships (five hundred -and seventy-one) to which serious casualties occurred is larger than -in any of the previous six years, and the tonnage of the vessels -affected is nearly one hundred and fifty thousand more than in 1876-77. -From 1877-78 there is a steady annual rise in serious casualties -to steamships from four hundred and six in 1877-78 to five hundred -and seventy-one in 1882-83. In 1876-77 they were four hundred and -ninety-three. The loss of life in vessels belonging to the United -Kingdom was 2501 in 1882-83, or seven hundred and seventy-six less -than in 1881-82, but was more than the loss in each of the five years -preceding 1881-82, and was three hundred and thirty-one more than -the average for the six years. Of these 2501 lives, 1463 were lost -in missing vessels. The number of missing ships was one hundred and -fifty-two, namely: Sailing-ships, 133; tonnage, 32,995; lives lost, -1080: steamships, 19; tonnage, 14,626; lives lost, 383—total lives -lost, 1463. - - - - -‘YES.’ - - A little rain, - The sun again, - A shadow; - A summer day, - Some new-mown hay, - A meadow. - - A girlish face, - A matchless grace, - And beauty; - We spend the day - In making hay— - Sweet duty. - - Some fading flowers, - Some happy hours, - But fleeting. - A week of rain, - And then again - A meeting. - - One quick shy look, - A rippling brook, - Some clover; - A sky of gold, - The story old, - A lover. - - A fair sweet maid, - A short word said; - What is it? - I try my fate, - And not too late - To miss it. - - The years have gone, - And still loves on - That lover; - He loves always, - As days and days - Pass over. - - A loving wife, - A long, long life - Together, - Have made him bless - That shy sweet ‘Yes’ - For ever. - - NORA C. USHER. - - * * * * * - -The Conductor of CHAMBERS’S JOURNAL begs to direct the attention of -CONTRIBUTORS to the following notice: - -_1st._ All communications should be addressed to the ‘Editor, 339 - High Street, Edinburgh.’ - -_2d._ For its return in case of ineligibility, postage-stamps - should accompany every manuscript. - -_3d._ MANUSCRIPTS should bear the author’s full _Christian_ name, - Surname, and Address, legibly written; and should be written on - white (not blue) paper, and on one side of the leaf only. - -_4th._ Offerings of Verse should invariably be accompanied by a - stamped and directed envelope. - -_If the above rules are complied with, the Editor will do his best to -insure the safe return of ineligible papers._ - - * * * * * - -Printed and Published by W. & R. CHAMBERS, 47 Paternoster Row, LONDON, -and 339 High Street, EDINBURGH. - - * * * * * - -_All Rights Reserved._ - -*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CHAMBERS'S JOURNAL OF POPULAR -LITERATURE, SCIENCE, AND ART, FIFTH SERIES, NO. 39, VOL. I, SEPTEMBER 27, -1884 *** - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will -be renamed. - -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the -United States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. Special rules, set forth in the General Terms of Use part -of this license, apply to copying and distributing Project -Gutenberg-tm electronic works to protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm -concept and trademark. 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You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms -of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online -at <a href="https://www.gutenberg.org">www.gutenberg.org</a>. If you -are not located in the United States, you will have to check the laws of the -country where you are located before using this eBook. -</div> - -<p style='display:block; margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:1em; margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em'>Title: Chambers's Journal of Popular Literature, Science, and Art, Fifth Series, No. 39, Vol. I, September 27, 1884</p> - -<div style='display:block; margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:1em; margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em'>Author: Various</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'>Release Date: September 11, 2021 [eBook #66267]</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'>Language: English</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'>Character set encoding: UTF-8</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em'>Produced by: Susan Skinner, Eric Hutton and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images generously made available by The Internet Archive)</div> - -<div style='margin-top:2em; margin-bottom:4em'>*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CHAMBERS'S JOURNAL OF POPULAR LITERATURE, SCIENCE, AND ART, FIFTH SERIES, NO. 39, VOL. I, SEPTEMBER 27, 1884 ***</div> -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_609">{609}</span></p> - -<h1>CHAMBERS’S JOURNAL<br /> -OF<br /> -POPULAR<br /> -LITERATURE, SCIENCE, AND ART.</h1> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2 class="nobreak">CONTENTS</h2> -</div> - -<p class='center'> - - - -<!-- Autogenerated TOC. Modify or delete as required. --> - -<a href="#HOME-NURSING">HOME-NURSING.</a><br /> -<a href="#BY_MEAD_AND_STREAM">BY MEAD AND STREAM.</a><br /> -<a href="#A_LITTLE_KNOWLEDGE_NOT_DANGEROUS">A LITTLE KNOWLEDGE <i>NOT</i> DANGEROUS.</a><br /> -<a href="#THE_LAST_OF_THE_STUARTS">THE LAST OF THE STUARTS.</a><br /> -<a href="#THE_MONTH">THE MONTH: SCIENCE AND ARTS.</a><br /> -<a href="#OCCASIONAL_NOTES">OCCASIONAL NOTES.</a><br /> -<a href="#YES">‘YES.’</a><br /> - -<!-- End Autogenerated TOC. --> - -</p> - -<hr class="full" /> - -<div class="chapter"> -<div class="figcenter w100" id="header" style="max-width: 43.75em;"> - <img class="w100" src="images/header.jpg" alt="Chambers’s Journal of Popular Literature, Science, -and Art. Fifth Series. Established by William and Robert Chambers, 1832. Conducted by R. Chambers (Secundus)." /> -</div> - - -<hr class="full" /> -<div class="center"> -<div class="header"> -<p class="floatl"><span class="smcap">No. 39.—Vol. I.</span></p> -<p class="floatr"><span class="smcap">Price</span> 1½<em>d.</em></p> -<p class="floatc">SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 27, 1884.</p> -</div></div></div> - -<hr class="full" /> - - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2 class="nobreak" id="HOME-NURSING">HOME-NURSING.</h2> -</div> -<p class="ph3">BY A LADY.</p> - - -<h3>THIRD ARTICLE.</h3> - -<p><span class="smcap">In</span> our last paper we spoke of the choice of a -sick-room; we shall now proceed to discuss its -management. In commencing to nurse a case -that promises to be anything like lengthy, it is -well to consider how to save unnecessary dust -and unnecessary labour, whilst keeping the room -in its proper state of cleanliness. With this end -in view, heavy woollen draperies, retaining dust -and bad smells, should be avoided; and if curtains -are used at all, they should be of lace, or -some light, washing material. The best chairs are -those with simple wooden frames and cane seats -and backs. Should a sofa be necessary, and a -regular invalid couch not procurable, nothing -is better than a chair-bed—provided it does not -creak—fitted with washing-covers to its cushions. -Much has been said for and against the use of -carpets in a sick-room; and taking all into consideration, -we see no reason for changing our -opinion that, in ordinary cases, it is better to -let them remain; they make a room pleasanter -and more natural, and do away with the noise -of scrubbing, incidental to a boarded floor.</p> - -<p>If there are cupboards, they should be cleaned -out before beginning to nurse, and in no case -must they be used as receptacles for food or -for anything that has become soiled in using. -A chest of drawers is a comfort if used with -discretion; but in home-nursing, it often proves -the reverse of useful, and serves as a treasury -for all sorts of things which have no business -in a sick-room.</p> - -<p>Pictures have a brightening effect, but they -must hang straight, or your patient may worry -himself with endless efforts to make them fit -in with the pattern of the paper; though, if -possible, the paper should be without those -decided markings which so often add to the distress -of unduly sensitive nerves.</p> - -<p>Growing-plants have a cheerful look, and are -not deleterious, as many suppose; cut flowers -may also be indulged in, with the exception of -those which have a heavy, sickly smell; but it -is better to remove them at night. In summer, -it is necessary to take precaution against the -patient’s being disturbed by the buzz of insects; -a fly-catcher at the open window will generally -be sufficient; but such things in the room itself -are worse than useless.</p> - -<p>Small washable ornaments may be allowed -to remain, but not to a greater extent than -suffices to give the room its customary appearance, -for it must be remembered that all useless -articles increase the number of dust-receptacles -and make the process of tidying-up more lengthy. -I have seen mantel-boards and brackets covered -with cloth, and literally crowded with ornaments, -which have not been properly dusted -for weeks because it made the patient sneeze! -Such instances point the moral in regard to -cloth-coverings as well as superfluous ornaments.</p> - -<p>A folding-screen is an almost indispensable -article of sick-room furniture; it not only serves -to keep off draughts and the glare of the fire, -but in convalescence is useful for putting round -the invalid’s chair. By its help, too, ventilation -is made so much easier, that, if nothing pretty -and ornamental is to be had, it is worth while -to extemporise a screen with an ordinary clothes-horse -and sheet; but a chintz or holland cover, -bound with braid and made to tie on, is -much more cheerful than the dull expanse of -a sheet.</p> - -<p>And now for the most important article of -furniture, the bed, on which depends so much -of the patient’s comfort or discomfort. If possible, -have a light iron frame without a foot-rail, -or with only a low one. For an adult, -the bed should measure not less than six feet -three inches in length and about three feet in -width. Greater width increases the difficulty of -reaching the patient, and it is astonishing the -journeys such a thing as a handkerchief will -make over a large surface of bed. The height<span class="pagenum" id="Page_610">{610}</span> -of the bed is another serious consideration, for -should it be too low, the nurse will find it -add considerably to the back-aching tendency -of nursing; and if too high, the constant straining -up to the patient will be quite as bad. The -rule then, is, that the bed when made shall -be so proportioned to the nurse’s height as to -enable her to lift and attend to the patient -without any undue effort. In home-nursing, -the bed question is often overlooked altogether, -or made much more of a difficulty than it need -be; and though that relic of unenlightened days, -the four-poster, is almost extinct in some households, -most of the beds are large, and to alter -the furnishing of a room seems beyond the -imagination of the ordinary housekeeper. But -surely, in time of illness, the first consideration -should be how best to mitigate the patient’s -sufferings and lighten the nurse’s labours; and -in all but quite slight cases, it is worth considerable -effort to secure the right kind of -bed and bedding. This brings us to another -home-nursing difficulty; for in spite of recent -progress in hygienic knowledge, there are still -not a few individuals who are foolish enough to -prefer the unwholesome softness of a feather-bed -to the healthy firmness of a good hair mattress. -Yet few victims to this enervating habit fail to -complain of the lumps, only to be got rid of -by a large expenditure of strength and time. -And if this be so in ordinary life, how much -more complicated do matters become when the -patient is too weak to bear to be removed for -the necessary shaking, and is yet in a state to -feel every discomfort with added force. Indeed, -so true is this, that in serious illness, a feather-bed -may be reckoned as an invincible enemy to -comfort and cleanliness; and it is better not to -allow your patient to remain under such unfavourable -circumstances, even though it involve -a few hours of dissatisfied grumbling. It may -make things easier if the change is ushered in -by allowing the feather-bed to remain under the -mattress till the patient has become accustomed -to the new order of things, when it will be well -to substitute flock for feathers.</p> - -<p>If the nurse’s height will allow of two mattresses, -it is a good plan to alternate them so -that the under one of yesterday shall be the -upper one of to-day. Those who have not tried -this simple way of securing a change, will hardly -believe the comfort it affords to a helpless -patient.</p> - -<p>On the same principle, it is a great alleviation -to the monotony of long illness if the room -will allow of two beds, one for day, the other -for night; and this arrangement permits the -thorough airing of bed and bedding, which it -is otherwise so difficult to secure.</p> - -<p>Bed-hangings are happily following the lead -of the ancient four-poster, and will soon be only -remembered as things of the past; and in illness, -even the valance, still in use, had better be -banished. Pillows should be firm and not too -soft; and bolsters should have covers of their -own, and not be rolled round in the under-sheet, -according to a common and very shiftless process. -I have known the sheet to be tucked round the -bolster in such a careless way that by the patient’s -merely getting into bed it has been pulled out -of place, and has continued a fruitful source of -irritation for the rest of the day.</p> - -<p>How to keep the under-sheet smooth and free -alike from crumbs and wrinkles is one of the -professed nurse’s arts, and is just one of those -apparently small matters, neglected as such by -inexperience, which make home-nursing the unsatisfactory -thing it often is. Yet those who -have gone through a tedious illness can hardly -fail to remember the discomfort of what a tiny -patient used to call ‘rucks.’ To him, poor little -man, rucks made stopping in bed a misery; and -his incessant demands to have them removed, -suggested to even his inexperienced nurse the -idea that there might be a right and a wrong -way to such a commonplace thing as bed-making. -The right and only proper way of arranging a -bed for illness is to give special, minute attention -to the placing of under-blanket and sheet. If -the former can be dispensed with, especially in -summer-time, it will be well; but very few -patients will agree to this, and it is hardly of -sufficient importance to argue about, except in -special cases, when the doctor will probably give -his veto.</p> - -<p>In an ordinary way, be careful to choose a -thin blanket, without holes of course, but one -that has been pretty well worn, and that, therefore, -will not greatly add to the heat of the -patient’s body. Then—more important still—the -blanket must be considerably larger than the bed, -in length as well as width. The mattress being -arranged as evenly as possible, the under-blanket -should be laid upon it, and well tucked in at -top and bottom, as well as sides, till there is not -a crease or wrinkle of any sort. The under-sheet -must now be put on in the same way, and the -nearer it resembles a drum in tightness the better. -A few minutes spent in extra care at this point -will save the patient hours of discomfort later -on.</p> - -<p>Should there, unfortunately, be no covered -bolster, the sheet, after being securely tucked in -at the bottom, must be drawn tightly upwards, -and the bolster rolled round in the free end and -then placed well up against the bed-head. The -difficulty is to get the sheet tightly stretched -without pulling the bolster away from its proper -place. The number of pillows must be regulated -by the nature of the patient’s malady and partly -by his previous habits. In ordinary cases, one -large pillow is enough, and it is a good plan to -place it lengthways, one end resting against the -bed-head, and the other on the mattress, thus -avoiding the hollow between the patient’s shoulders -and the bed, which is a fruitful source of uneasiness -and restlessness. In convalescence and in -many forms of illness, pillows play an important -part, and we shall have more to say about them -later on.</p> - -<p>We now return to the bed, furnished as far -as the under-sheet and pillow. Should the patient<span class="pagenum" id="Page_611">{611}</span> -be quite helpless, it will be necessary to place -next, the contrivance known as a draw-sheet, -which should consist of old linen or calico that -has been washed to extreme softness. It should -be folded lengthways till just long enough to reach -from below the patient’s shoulders to his knees. -This, with an under-piece of mackintosh, is carefully -put in place and tucked in with the same -care and tightness as the under-sheet.</p> - -<p>In regard to the upper bed-clothes, they too -require care in tucking in, especially at the -bottom; and if so long as to need folding back, -the folding must on no account be done at the -top. I have seen patients with chest complaints -literally labouring under the weight of clothes -placed in exactly the wrong place. In illness, -as a rule the feet need extra covering, and the -breathing organs no more weight of clothes than -is absolutely necessary. The upper-sheet being -light, may be allowed to turn over for neatness, -but blanket and counterpane must only come up -to the patient’s neck. This folding back is such -a common error, that it needs special notice, and -in ordinary life, as well as in illness, should never -be tolerated. The number of upper-clothes to -be put on the patient’s bed will vary with circumstances; -but, as a rule, in a room with a fire, one -blanket and a counterpane will be enough. The -great point is to secure warmth without weight, -and for this purpose, the ordinary cotton counterpane -is about as bad as possible. An excellent -substitute is the kind of blanket known as the -‘Austrian,’ which is cheerful in appearance as well -as light and warm. In cases of exhaustion, -nothing is better than a chintz-covered down, -which can be shifted or removed without disturbing -the patient.</p> - -<p>A good many amateur nurses err on the side -of over-heating a patient, and do not understand -its connection with restless tossing and broken -sleep. Should these symptoms occur at night, -especially if accompanied with a flushed face and -moist skin, it is well to gradually reduce the -number of coverings, carefully noticing the effect -of so doing.</p> - -<p>On the ground of their greater warmth, cotton -sheets and pillow-cases are preferable to linen; -but some people have a decided fancy for the -latter, and it may safely be used, provided the -sheets are warmed just before being put on the -bed. Simple airing is not enough; I have -known the chill of linen set a patient off into -a shivering fit, although the nurse has been particularly -strong in the airing line.</p> - -<p>It is absolutely necessary that all the bedding -used in illness shall be thoroughly aired, but, of -course, it should never be done in the sick-room. -Unhappily, it is by no means rare to find the -fire screened from a patient by clothes-horse or -chairs, covered with damp things, the vapour from -which ought to be sufficient warning of the folly -of such a practice. A good rule in this connection -is that everything, down to cups and saucers, -shall be removed from the sick-room as soon as -soiled, and only returned to it in a condition -for immediate use.</p> - -<p>Re-making the patient’s bed is our next consideration. -If well enough to go into another -room, he should either be carried there, or laid -on a sofa and wheeled in. As soon as he is out -of the way, the window of the sick-room should -be thrown open to its widest, and the bed-clothes -taken off one by one, well shaken, and left so -exposed that the air can circulate freely around -them. The mattresses should share the same -treatment, and if possible, be left for a few -minutes before being replaced. The patient will -indeed be peculiar who does not enjoy the -refreshment of a bed thus aired.</p> - -<p>But in helpless illness, the changing of bedding -is a more complicated matter, and needs practice -to make perfect. There are two ways of changing -the under-sheet The first may be used when -the patient is not quite helpless, and the nurse -has to work alone. The soiled sheet is freed at -the top, and after the removal of pillows and -bolster, is rolled up to the patient’s head; the -clean sheet, after being well tucked in at the top, -is loosely rolled in such a way as to lie close -against the soiled one; they must now be worked -down together, rolling the soiled, and unrolling -the clean, the patient raising himself on elbows -and feet just enough for the nurse to pass the -sheets under him. In this way it is possible to -get the under-sheet smooth and tight; but it is -not an easy thing, and an assistant should be had -if possible. If help is to be had, and in all cases -where the patient is quite powerless, it is better -to adopt the second plan. Remove the pillows -and bolster, so that the patient lies quite flat -in bed; turn him over on his side with his -back to you. Loosen the sheet lengthways, and -proceed with the rolling and unrolling as before, -till the rolls come close up to the patient’s -back. Depress the mattress under him, whilst -the assistant draws the sheet through, and in so -doing, slowly turns the patient on his back. He -will now be lying on the clean sheet, and the -difficulty is over. The trained nurse will be able -to do this without removing the upper clothing, -and in no case should all the coverings be taken -away. Draw-sheets may be removed in the same -way, but being small, are easier to manage. Some -people tack or pin the clean to the dirty, and draw -through whilst an assistant keeps the patient raised. -Changing the upper clothes is not such a serious -undertaking, though seldom properly managed -by amateurs. The counterpane and blanket may -be taken quite off the bed, and given to an -assistant to shake, outside the room; but the -sheet must never be removed without an immediate -substitute. A good plan is to loosen the -soiled sheet all round, tuck the clean one well -in at the foot, and draw the free end upwards, -under the dirty sheet, which is gradually drawn -away or rolled up. As a general rule, the -patient’s bed should be made and his night-shirt -changed at least once a day, and cases where this -is not feasible ought not to come within the scope -of home-nursing.</p> - -<p>If a pair of clean sheets a day cannot be -managed, one may be made to do, by letting -yesterday’s clean upper sheet be to-day’s lower -one; but draw-sheets must be changed as soon as -soiled, irrespective of number. Where mackintosh -is used, it should also be frequently changed, -washed over, and thoroughly dried, in the open -air if possible.</p> - -<p>The patient’s bed, it will be seen from the -directions for making it, must never stand so -that one side is against the wall, nor must it be -in a direct current of air; but it is well if it can<span class="pagenum" id="Page_612">{612}</span> -be so arranged as to face the fire and at the same -time allow the patient to amuse himself by -looking out of window. In badly finished houses, -there is often considerable draught from cracks -in door or window frame, and from this the -patient must be carefully guarded by the judicious -use of screens.</p> - -<p>We now turn to consider how the sick-room -may be kept in that state of perfect cleanliness -essential alike to the patient’s comfort and -recovery; and of all neglected points, this is -perhaps the one most frequently forgotten or -ignored; not one in a hundred of home-nurses -having a conception of her duty in this respect. -Difficult it undoubtedly is; but where the -patient can be removed to another room for an -hour or two once a week, it is quite possible for -even inexperience to be successful.</p> - -<p>We will suppose the weekly removal has taken -place, and the nurse has to make hay while the -sun shines. She first strips the bed, sending the -clothes into another room to be aired; and -throwing the window open to its widest, she -directs her attention to the grate. The best way -of removing the ashes is to carefully collect all -the large pieces of coal and cinder, and then -very gently draw the ashes away into a piece of -stiff paper, which folded over them, will prevent -any dust rising in their transit. After cleaning -grate and fire-irons and making up the fire, the -nurse turns her attention to the carpet, which, -after being well strewn with damp tea-leaves, -should be briskly swept with a hand-broom. If -the furniture is simple, it may be washed over -with a wet cloth and dried, all cushions or stuffed -furniture being beaten out of the room. The -window, often overlooked, should be nicely -cleaned; and then the bed being re-made, the -patient may be brought back into a room -thoroughly well cleaned and aired. It is not -necessary that a nurse should herself perform all -menial work; indeed, it is much better she should -not; but she ought to see that the above directions -are faithfully carried out. For the rest of -the week, the carpet should be wiped over with -a damp (not wet) cloth, tied to the end of a long -broom, and the furniture well and quickly dusted. -It is not enough to merely wipe over furniture -and let the dust loose; the duster should be -folded over bit by bit as it becomes soiled, and -once or twice during the process of dusting, -shaken out of a window in another room or in -the staircase. A room thus treated will keep in -perfect order for some time; but should the -illness be long, an effort must be made to take -the carpet up about every six weeks or two -months, that it may be beaten and thoroughly -aired. If carpets are made in the sensible fashion -of squares, secured by brass nails with broad -heads, there will be little difficulty in managing -this; but it will not hurt the carpet to let it -remain loose.</p> - -<p>In cases where the weekly removal is impossible, -the floor must be wiped over carefully -every day with a damp cloth, and tea-leaves -used now and then, the patient being protected -from the dust by screens; but this plan is only -for use as a last resource in extreme cases. -Under such circumstances, it is not a bad plan -to have a small portion of the furniture, say a -chair or table and an ornament or two, removed -each day and thoroughly cleaned, out of the -room; otherwise, it is almost impossible to keep -things in proper order, in spite of daily -dusting.</p> - - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2 class="nobreak x-ebookmaker-important" id="BY_MEAD_AND_STREAM">BY MEAD AND STREAM.</h2> -</div> - - -<h3>CHAPTER XLVIII.—ANXIETIES.</h3> - -<p><span class="smcap">Madge</span> wakened with the weary sensation of -one who has passed through a long nightmare. -It was some minutes before she could recall the -incidents of the previous day; still longer before -she could realise the unhappy meaning of the -scene with Philip, and the fact that Uncle Dick -and Aunt Hessy had found in her conduct cause -for grave displeasure.</p> - -<p>Surely she had been acting very wickedly, -when those three, who were dearer to her than -all the world beside, turned from her, and were -vexed as well as pained by what she was doing, -so far as they understood it. Surely Mr Beecham -must be mistaken in the course he was pursuing—she -did not even now doubt the goodness and -generosity of his motives. There was only one -way in which she could set the minds of her -friends at ease; and that she must adopt, no -matter what it might cost herself. She dare -not hope that Philip would be readily satisfied -and come back to her; but at least he should -understand that she had been thinking of his -interest more than of herself. And Uncle Dick -and Aunt Hessy would be relieved from anxiety -on her account, and then—who could tell?—maybe -they would influence Philip. Maybe -Uncle Dick would overlook his loss of fortune, -and tell him that he never meant to separate -them on such a sorry score as that.</p> - -<p>The one way which she saw to bring about -this desirable consummation was to inform Mr -Beecham that she could no longer keep his -secret; and that, if he did not come to Willowmere -within the week to release her, she would -take back the pledge she had given him and -explain everything to her relatives.</p> - -<p>Having arrived at this resolution, she was -restored to a calm state of mind which was wonderful -in contrast with the fever of the night. -Morning is the time of hope and energy to a -healthful nature; and Madge felt this, although -the atmosphere was cold and the sky white with -its load of snow, which was presently to descend -in thick flakes, covering up the last patches of -earth and shrub left bare by the glimpses of sunshine -that had succeeded the previous fall.</p> - -<p>She went about her duties quietly and resolutely; -but it was hard to meet the wistful eyes -of Dame Crawshay without throwing herself into -the arms that would have received her so gladly, -and at once tell all. She had, however, made -a bargain, and she would keep to it. Aunt -Hessy would approve of what she was doing, -when the time for explanation came. Uncle -Dick was surly at breakfast, and he scarcely -spoke to her at dinner. He did not once refer -to the cattle show, and he went out to inspect -his stock, a discontented and unhappy man.</p> - -<p>Madge felt assured that Philip would say -nothing more unless he heard from Uncle Dick; -nevertheless, she was all day looking out for -some sign from him. Old Zachy the postman<span class="pagenum" id="Page_613">{613}</span> -came twice, and she saw him approach, her -heart pausing, then beating quick with excitement. -But Zachy brought nothing from her -lover. And she was pained as well as disappointed, -although she assured herself again -that she had not expected anything, and that -she had no right to expect anything until Philip -received some token of Uncle Dick’s kindly -intentions. Besides, she argued, it was needful -to bear in mind the distracted state he was in -about his affairs, and how many things he must -have to attend to which could not be postponed -on any account. Indeed, she did remember all -this, and was so keenly sensible of the cruel -effect his misfortunes were producing on his -mind, that she was frightened about him—more -frightened than she had been even on the -occurrence of the accident with the horse.</p> - -<p>So, when postman Zachy had made his second -and last round in the afternoon, she could not -rest until she had consulted Dr Joy regarding -Philip’s health. Having explained to Aunt -Hessy where she was going and why, she started -for the village, although the snow had begun to -fall in a way which would have made any -town-miss who understood what the signs meant -glad to stay at home. What the snow meant -was to fulfil the threats it had been making for -several days, and to come down more heavily -than it had done for years.</p> - -<p>Dr Joy was surprised to see her on such a -gloomy afternoon; but he understood the nature -of her visit, after a few words of such necessary -explanation as she was at liberty to give.</p> - -<p>‘And I want you to tell me plainly what his -condition is, doctor,’ she concluded, ‘for I—that -is, we are all very anxious about him.’</p> - -<p>The good little doctor looked at her earnestly -for a moment, as if to assure himself that she was -not only desirous of hearing the truth but also -able to bear it, and then made reply frankly, -but was unable even then to dismount entirely -from the hobby which he and his wife rode so -diligently in theory.</p> - -<p>‘You will agree with me, my dear Miss -Heathcote, that economy is the great principle -which should regulate our lives—not merely -economy in finance, but likewise in work, in -strength, and (most important of all) in health. -I daresay our friend has told you that I spoke -to him on this subject.’</p> - -<p>‘When writing, he mentioned that you had -visited him,’ she answered, with some nervous -anticipations assailing her.</p> - -<p>‘Well, I warned him then that his condition -was extremely precarious. It is, in fact, that -condition which when a man has fallen into, it -requires him directly to throw up everything, if -he cares to live. It requires him to sacrifice -fortune, prosperity, and to run away anywhere -and do anything to escape it.’</p> - -<p>‘But how can he do that?’</p> - -<p>Her own observations of Philip’s changing -moods recently, formed a convincing argument -in favour of the importance of what the doctor -said. The doctor shook his head and smiled -regretfully.</p> - -<p>‘That is precisely what he asked; that is -what every man to whom the advice is given -asks. My answer is—<i>don’t</i> ask how, but go at -once. Your affairs will be settled much more -satisfactorily to all parties in a year or two if -you go, than they can be if you remain and die -in a month or two.’</p> - -<p>‘But surely Philip is not so bad as that!’</p> - -<p>‘You asked me to speak plainly, and I am -quoting extreme cases,’ said Dr Joy, anxious -to mitigate the alarm which he saw his verdict -had created, whilst at the same time holding -to his point. ‘Philip is not quite so bad as that -yet; but he will be in a few months, unless -something occurs to relieve him from his present -anxieties.’</p> - -<p>The doctor’s last words gave her more -encouragement than he could have expected, or -perhaps intended to give; and the terror which -had made her pulse seem to stop, was changed -to confident hope. She had every reason to -believe that in a few weeks, it might be in -a few days, Philip would be relieved of all -his anxieties. But this did not lessen in any -degree her eagerness to have direct and frequent -information as to the state of his health. Dr -Joy readily agreed to call at the chambers in -Gray’s Inn on the following day, and report -to her on his return; then they were to arrange -about further visits. Thus being relieved to -some extent on this important point, she prepared -to take leave; but Dr and Mrs Joy -suggested that she should have a fly to take -her home, as the snow was falling fast, and -already lay three or four inches deep on the -ground, whilst it had drifted into an embankment -against the opposite houses.</p> - -<p>‘I should not think of your hiring a conveyance,’ -said the doctor; ‘but we have had a long -and heavy day, and both my horses are fagged -out.’</p> - -<p>But Madge would not hear of this kindly -proposal. ‘I like the snow,’ she answered, ‘and -a brisk walk will do me good.’ At another -time, she would have smiled at the timidity of -her friends on account of the weather.</p> - -<p>‘You will catch your death of cold, my dear,’ -said Mrs Joy, ‘and then you will not be able -to come to Edwin’s lecture next week. I assure -you it is the most interesting one he has yet -delivered.’</p> - -<p>Even the danger of missing the doctor’s lecture -was not enough to deter her from walking -home. As she was passing the <i>King’s Head</i>, -the Ringsford carriage drew up at the door, and -out of it jumped Coutts Hadleigh, in the full -uniform of a captain of Volunteers. He was -taken by surprise, and uttered a natural exclamation:</p> - -<p>‘Why, what brings you so far from home on -such an evening as this? There is going to be -a regular out and outer of a snowstorm, and -I would not be here myself, only this is the -night of the feed I give every year to my -men, and all the arrangements were made.’</p> - -<p>She was more pleased to meet him than -she was generally, for he might be able to -give her some news of Philip. So, without -troubling to answer his inquiries, she put her -own.</p> - -<p>‘Don’t know anything about him,’ he answered—callously, -as she thought, ‘except that he has -got into a precious scrape, and will disgrace our -family, unless that uncle of his helps him out -of it.’</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_614">{614}</span></p> - -<p>‘Disgrace?—How is it disgrace to fail in a -noble enterprise?’</p> - -<p>‘Ah, it’s something worse than failing in a -noble enterprise,’ answered Coutts, returning to -his habitual tone of cynical indifference. ‘But -don’t let us talk about it, if you please. I -would rather not, even to you, until all the -ins and outs are known.’</p> - -<p>‘When will you know about your brother’s -affairs?’</p> - -<p>‘I cannot say; but he will tell you all about -them; and if he doesn’t, I will. Meanwhile, let -me do him a service—get into the carriage, and -Toomey will drive you home. I am sure that is -what Phil and the guv’nor, too, would say, if -they found you trudging along the road in such -weather. Do get in, or they will both have me -down in their black books. The carriage is -not to come back for me, so you won’t give the -horses any extra work.’</p> - -<p>She consented; and Toomey, who was glad -enough to turn homeward for his own comfort -as well as that of the horses, wheeled round, -and drove off at a good pace. A little way -out of the village they nearly ran over a -man, who, walking in the same direction, had -not heard the carriage making up on him, -either on account of the preoccupation of his -thoughts or the thick carpeting of snow on -the road.</p> - -<p>‘All right,’ growled the man, having saved -himself, and Toomey drove on.</p> - -<p>Madge recognised the voice of Caleb Kersey. -She would have liked to speak to him, but it -was too late. She supposed, however, that he was -on his way to visit Sam Culver, from whom he -would learn the cause of Pansy’s disappearance. -Caleb was on this quest, as she surmised, and he -was going to Ringsford, but not to seek information -from the gardener.</p> - - -<h3>CHAPTER XLIX.—AT MIDNIGHT.</h3> - -<p>Coutts Hadleigh relished good wine; but he -was cautious in his cups, as in everything else. -On this evening, however, he ‘drank fair,’ as it -is called, with his comrades; and those who were -acquainted with his habits noted the fact with -increasing curiosity as the evening advanced. -This was the fifth annual dinner he had given -to ‘his men’ since the captain’s commission had -been thrust upon him, and he had on no previous -occasion displayed so much hilarity or provided -so many cynical anecdotes for the entertainment -of the company. His lieutenant and sub.—both -proprietors of the land they farmed—concluded -that the captain must have made some -exceptionally lucky stroke in business recently. -Coutts believed he had.</p> - -<p>The members of the Kingshope Volunteer -corps were mostly young farmers and the sons -of farmers, who should have possessed the physical -proportions which would have specially -qualified them for the soldier’s career. But it -was surprising to observe how few of them presented -these qualifications. When Dick Crawshay -first saw them mustered, he exclaimed in -loud indignation, his huge form towering over -the whole troop: ‘What! is that all our county -can show in the way of Volunteers? Why, half -a dozen of our old yeomen would scare them into -the middle of next week without a tussle! They -are more like a set of town scarecrows than -country-bred lads.... Ah, this comes ov givin’ -the land to people that have money and no -muscle, and meddle with things they know -nothing about.’</p> - -<p>He was right in a certain degree, for these -youths were the sons of wealthy merchants who -take up farming as a hobby, and leaving the work -to hired labourers, are indifferent to losses, and -therefore able to pay rents which the working -farmer has struggled for a time to compete with, -and given up in despair, or emigrated. This was -a sore subject with yeoman Dick, and although -regularly invited by Coutts to this annual feast, he -regularly refused to go—and even kept within his -own bounds whenever he knew there was a parade. -The prejudice prevented him from learning that -a goodly number of these young fellows made -up for physical deficiencies by skill as marksmen -and efficiency in drill; so that the Kingshope -Volunteer corps formed a by no means -unsatisfactory body of men for home defence. -But had any one dared to hint that even in -some respects they might be favourably compared -with the old yeomanry, he would have made Dick -his foe.</p> - -<p>On the present occasion, Captain Hadleigh’s -company showed that they had improved slightly -on one of the yeomanry practices by keeping -up their revels to a late hour without all getting -drunk. The lieutenant having to pass Ringsford -on his way home, and having his gig with him, -drove the captain to the gates of the Manor. -The snow had only ceased falling a little while -before the company at the <i>King’s Head</i> broke -up, and now it lay deep on the roads, houses, -and fields. The old church looked like a huge -snow-house; and the meadows in the dim moonlight -presented a white surface, apparently on a -level with the hedgerows.</p> - -<p>The lieutenant’s powerful cob had its work to -do, for at every step its hoofs sank deep in -the snow-covered road. But the travellers were -merry, and did not mind the slowness of their -progress. Their chief trouble was to keep the -road and avoid the open ditches. They succeeded -in this, and also succeeded in distinguishing the -point where the Manor gates broke the white -wall.</p> - -<p>Coutts made his way through the side-gate, -which shook large pancakes of snow down upon -him as he opened it.</p> - -<p>The avenue being guarded by its long arch -of tree-branches, the path was comparatively easy -to traverse, and Coutts was soon in front of the -house, which, like the church, was a shapeless -white mass, broken by a few points of light. -Underneath these few lights was dark shadow. -As Coutts ascended the steps of the portico, a -man stepped out from the shadow.</p> - -<p>‘I want to speak to you a minute, Mr Coutts -Hadleigh; I’ve been waiting all evening for -you.’</p> - -<p>Coutts was no coward, although his brain -was somewhat muddy with wine; but this -sudden apparition made him spring to the top -of the steps and ring the bell, as he exclaimed -fiercely:</p> - -<p>‘Who are you, and what do you want with me -at this hour?’</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_615">{615}</span></p> - -<p>‘I want to know where is Pansy Culver?’ -said the man with enforced calmness, which contrasted -to his advantage with the blustering ire -of the other.</p> - -<p>‘Confound your impudence—how should I -know?’</p> - -<p>‘I saw you with her at the London station. -Where has she gone to? Where did you send -her to?’</p> - -<p>‘She didn’t tell me where she was going to, -and I didn’t send her anywhere.’</p> - -<p>Caleb Kersey’s calmness broke bounds, and he -next spoke with savage determination:</p> - -<p>‘You are lying, and you shall tell me the -truth.’</p> - -<p>‘You’re an insolent fool.’</p> - -<p>As Caleb swiftly ascended the steps, he received -a vigorous buffet on the breast, which tumbled -him backward on the snow. The door was open; -Coutts entered; the door was instantly closed, -bolted, chained, and locked.</p> - -<p>‘Tell that fellow Kersey to go about his business,’ -said Coutts to the attendant who had been -waiting up for him; ‘he is drunk or mad. If -he has any business with me, he knows where -to find me at proper hours.’</p> - -<p>With that he went up-stairs in a furious temper -with the man who had insulted him, and had -evidently intended to offer violence to his person. -Before he had reached the first landing, there -was an impatient but not a very loud knock -at the door. The servant repeated his young -master’s message, put out the hall lights, and -gladly enough went off to bed.</p> - -<p>Caleb stood in the portico hesitating as to what -he should do. He had been waiting there for -hours; he had been told that Mr Coutts Hadleigh -was not at home—the servant declined to say -where he might be found. The snow and the -cold did not appear to affect him. He waited, -and at last the man had come, but had not -given the watcher any satisfaction. Caleb was -aware that his application was untimely: but that -was not his fault: the circumstances were exceptional. -He must know from this villain what -he had done with Pansy, and then he would -seek her father, whose authority would rescue -her from the evil influence under which she had -fallen.</p> - -<p>The poor fellow never thought that his first -step ought to have been to consult Pansy’s father. -A natural delicacy, rude and earnest, made him -shrink from the idea, because he felt sure it -would cause him pain. He learned from his -friends in the village that Pansy had gone away -somewhere; and as the gardener had no special -need or liking to speak of her grandfather, he -had not mentioned to any of his gossips whither -she had gone. So Caleb, sitting in a train which -was just starting, having caught sight of Pansy -and Coutts Hadleigh talking together on the -platform at Liverpool Street Station, instantly -concluded that there was something wrong. He -would have jumped out of the carriage; but -the other passengers prevented him, and he had -to endure cruel torments of speculation and -rage until he reached his destination.</p> - -<p>He had no hope of winning Pansy; but he -might save her from the fate to which she seemed -to be hasting. He had no doubt she had been -taught to repeat some falsehood to her father, -which kept him quiet about her absence, and -he had no doubt of her danger. Then with a -sullen resolution, in which the anxiety of a lover -was combined with the suppressed fury of a -maniac, he sought Coutts Hadleigh, determined -to force the truth from him.</p> - -<p>In those cold weary hours when he was hanging -about the Manor waiting, the words of -Philip frequently recurred to him: ‘Trust her, -man; trust her.’ He imagined that he did trust -her; he was sure that she did not mean to do -wrong. But at the same time the wicked comment -of Wrentham also presented itself, reminding -him that trust gave the woman opportunity to -deceive. He did not like the man who spoke -or the words he uttered; but the remembrance -made him uneasy.</p> - -<p>‘Ah, if Master Philip had not been in such -a pickle with his own affairs, I’d have gone to -him now, and he would have told me what -was best to do, even though the villain be his -own brother. But it would be a mortal shame -to put more trouble on him when he’s down -enough already. I’ll go my own way.’</p> - -<p>All these things were careering through his -mind, as he stood under the portico wondering -how he should act. He heard a casement open -above—it seemed to be directly over his head—and -Captain Hadleigh shouted:</p> - -<p>‘You’d better move off quietly, Kersey, or -I’ll call our fellows and send for the police.’</p> - -<p>The casement was closed violently, the two -sides banging together, the principal windows -of the Manor opening on hinges like doors, in -the French fashion.</p> - -<p>Caleb stepped out from beneath the portico -and looked up. There was a ruddy glow—the -effect of the light shining through deep maroon-coloured -curtains—in two windows on the first -floor. One of these windows opened on to the top -of the portico which formed part of a balcony. -That was the one from which Hadleigh must have -spoken, thought Caleb; and was immediately -satisfied on the point by seeing the shadow of -a man who was passing slowly between the light -and the curtains.</p> - -<p>‘The stable ain’t far off, and I can find a ladder -there,’ muttered Caleb, moving away from the -front of the house.</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p>Mr Hadleigh, sen., was seated at his writing-table, -his back towards the windows. Before -him lay those sheets of manuscript which he had -written at intervals during the past year. The -broad shade on the lamp cast the soft light down -on the table, and had it not been for the bright -glow of a huge fire, the rest of the room—and -especially the upper part—would have been in -comparative darkness. As it was, the flickering -flame of the fire made the shadows above and -around him flutter and change like living -things.</p> - -<p>He was not writing. He was carefully separating -certain pages from the others; having done -so, he fastened them together neatly, and with -his hand covering them, as if to hide the words -from himself, he leaned back on his chair. -Suddenly he rose and paced the floor slowly -in melancholy reflection.</p> - -<p>When he resumed his seat, there was a placid -expression on his face, like that of one who, after<span class="pagenum" id="Page_616">{616}</span> -a long mental struggle, has come to a final decision -and found peace.</p> - -<p>With as much sad deliberation as if he were -committing a dear one to the grave, he placed -the separate packets of manuscript in different -envelopes. The first and largest he addressed -in a bold clear hand, ‘<i>To Mrs Philip Hadleigh. -To be opened after my death.</i>’</p> - -<p>Over the second packet his pen was poised -for some moments, and his hand was not so steady -as before when he began to write.</p> - -<p>‘<i>To my son, Philip Hadleigh. To be opened after -my death and read by him alone. When he has -read, he shall decide whether to burn at once or first -to show it to his wife. The secret of my life is -here.</i>’</p> - -<p>As his pen stopped, a chill blast passed through -the room, making the lamplight waver, as if -it were about to be extinguished. Mr Hadleigh, -surprised, raised his head slowly, and slowly -looked round.</p> - -<p>The window behind him was open, and before -it stood a tall, rough-looking, muscular man. Mr -Hadleigh’s sallow cheeks became more sallow, -his eyes started, and his lips trembled slightly. -He recovered himself instantly, and rising calmly -from his seat, and at the same moment lifting -the shade from the lamp, his eyes remaining fixed -all the time on the intruder, burglar, intending -murderer, perhaps.</p> - -<p>When the light was uncovered, the man drew -back a pace with a kind of growl of surprise. -Mr Hadleigh retained perfect self-possession; but -he was not much relieved from apprehension -by recognising in his midnight visitor the leader -of the agricultural agitators who had on various -occasions openly declared antagonism to the -master of Ringsford.</p> - -<p class="center">(<i>To be continued.</i>)</p> - - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2 class="nobreak" id="A_LITTLE_KNOWLEDGE_NOT_DANGEROUS">A LITTLE KNOWLEDGE <i>NOT</i> DANGEROUS.</h2> -</div> - - -<p><span class="smcap">A remarkable</span> circumstance recently occurred -which brings out strongly the fact that scientific -teaching in medical and surgical matters has -made giant strides of late. On the 8th of July -an accident happened to a ‘marker’ at the -ranges of the Civil Service Rifle regiment at -Wimbledon when marking at the five hundred -yards’ range. According to the report, a rifle-bullet -seems ‘to have bounded off the corner -of the target and to have entered the marker’s -breast.’ Fortunately, the great annual meeting -of the National Rifle Association was to commence -in a day or two, and the Field Hospital -prepared for the meeting was being got ready -under the charge of Sergeant Monaghan and -Corporal Melville, both of the Army Hospital -Corps. Thither the wounded man was immediately -carried; but there was no surgeon present -or anywhere near. Seeing, however, the serious -nature of the case, the two soldiers, without a -moment’s hesitation, took steps to extract the -bullet, which had entered the right breast just -under the collar-bone. Having carefully examined -his patient and found the exact locality of -the bullet, Sergeant Monaghan, with the assistance -of the corporal, made an incision in the back -and was enabled at once to extract the bullet -from the spot where it had lodged, just opposite -to the point of entry in the breast. The -injured man, a member of the corps of Commissionaires, -expressed himself much gratified with -the prompt attention he had received, as well -as with the skilful operation by which, without -a moment’s loss of time, the important act of -removing the bullet had been accomplished. -Too much praise cannot be given to the two -soldiers, who by their ready and intelligent action, -saved their patient not only from prolonged -suffering, but perhaps even from death itself.</p> - -<p>The well-known saying of ‘A little knowledge -is a dangerous thing,’ is here singularly confuted, -for it was just the ‘little knowledge’ applied with -sagacity and intelligence that probably saved the -life of a fellow-creature.</p> - -<p>Many of our readers will doubtless remember -a melancholy occurrence which took place last -year on one of the Swiss mountains, when a -valuable young life was lost for the want of a -‘little knowledge,’ and in itself, very simple -knowledge too. A German engineer and two -guides were ascending one of the famous Swiss -mountains, when the younger of the guides -appears to have had a very bad fall, by which -either a bottle or a lamp-glass was broken, the -fractured part entering the young man’s thigh -and dividing the femoral artery. It would not, -we should suppose, have required very profound -surgical knowledge to know that the man would -inevitably bleed to death unless this great artery -could be immediately compressed; but incredible -as it may appear, neither the German nor the -other Swiss guide knew anything about the -matter. They tried to stop the spouting blood -with their handkerchiefs, which of course was of -no avail. Neither thought of tying the handkerchief -or other ligature round the upper part of the -limb, and then twisting it tight by the application -of a stick; and so the poor young fellow -quickly bled to death. Now, if the bleeding -could have been arrested by ligature until surgical -assistance was procured, the young guide -would doubtless have recovered, for the injury, -as a mere flesh-wound, was in itself by no means -serious. Here, then, a ‘little knowledge’ would -have done a vast amount of good.</p> - -<p>One of the best, most useful, and practical -associations of the present day is the St John’s -Ambulance Society, which teaches all who care -to learn how to act in such emergencies as that -related, and to take instant action <i>on the spot</i>, -until surgical aid can be obtained—a ticklish -and anxious time, often fraught with serious -danger, when there is not a minute to spare, -and where loss of time means loss of life.</p> - -<p>Let every one, therefore, who has any real love -for his fellows, and who feels that he or she has -the nerve requisite for the work—for this is a -<i>sine quâ non</i>—at once learn how to act in cases -of sudden accident, illness, faintness, drowning,<span class="pagenum" id="Page_617">{617}</span> -or any other of the many unlooked-for ills and -mishaps that ‘flesh is heir to’—a species of knowledge -that will improve the mind of the possessor, -and may be productive of infinite good.</p> - - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2 class="nobreak" id="THE_LAST_OF_THE_STUARTS">THE LAST OF THE STUARTS.</h2> -</div> -<p class="ph3">A MODERN ROMANCE.</p> - - -<h3>III.—KING CHARLES III.</h3> - -<p><span class="smcap">There</span> were great preparations at Balquhalloch -Castle for the worthy reception of the king; and -but for the fact that the editor, who was also -the sole reporter, of the Aberdumble <i>Warder</i> was -at the time confined to his house from indisposition, -the whole matter would no doubt have found -its way into the papers. The Princess spared -neither trouble nor expense. Two Aberdumble -carpenters arrived, and erected opposite the -porter’s lodge a wooden triumphal arch. An -Aberdumble painter followed after them, and -inscribed upon the arch, in large red letters on -a blue ground, a legend welcoming His Majesty -to his own again. And when the painter had -departed, the Princess, accompanied by Tom Checkstone -and Father M‘Fillan, drove into Aberdumble -and hired all the flags in the town. She -also subsidised the local brass band, the members -of which she instructed to be at the castle at -a given hour, prepared to play at her behest the -stirring strains of <i>Who’ll be King but Charlie</i>, and -as many other Jacobite tunes as they knew or -could learn meanwhile; and she further engaged -four pipers, who were to stand just within the -castle gate and salute her royal nephew in -their most tremendous style. It must be confessed -that the Princess was a trifle indiscreet. -She undoubtedly laid herself open to a prosecution -for treason-felony, if not indeed for treason -of the highest and most deadly type; but fortunately -for her, the Aberdumble people had grown -accustomed to her eccentricities, and not a soul -dreamt of gainsaying her will and pleasure in -the matter. She therefore returned with a -carriage-load of flags, which she caused to be -festooned from the battlements. In her own -boudoir and with her own fingers, she had long -since worked in silk a faithful copy of the old -royal standard of Scotland, and this she ordered -to be run up on the flagstaff that surmounted -the keep, whenever the king should set foot -within the castle walls. Furthermore, she directed -that at that auspicious moment her head-butler, -assisted by one of her stable-boys, should begin -the firing of a royal salute from an old brass -gun that stood upon the western wall; and in -order to provide for this, she purchased in Aberdumble, -Archie M‘Pherson the ironmonger’s entire -stock of sporting-powder.</p> - -<p>Betimes there came a telegram for the Princess. -‘Shall be with you,’ it ran, ‘at noon to-morrow;’ -and it had been despatched by Charlie from the -telegraph office in Fleet Street, London.</p> - -<p>The Princess passed the night in a state of -the utmost excitement. Instead of retiring to -rest, she paced to and fro until daylight began -to dawn; and it was only at Tom’s urgent -entreaty that she then consented to repair to -her boudoir and lie down for a few hours. She -had talked of attempting to raise the country -side, and of going to the railway station at the -head of her kilted and armed retainers, to welcome -her nephew; but Father M‘Fillan’s more -sensible counsel prevailed. He pointed out that -nothing could be gained by undue haste, and that -any ill-advised display of force would probably -end in the speedy collapse of the movement long -ere it could ripen and bear good fruit. The fact -is that, but for the common-sense of the chaplain, -the Princess would have done a thousand -rash deeds. Fortunately, he had constituted -himself her temporal as well as spiritual adviser; -and being a man of extraordinary kindness and -goodness, he had easily won the Princess’s confidence. -He regarded her as a harmless maniac, -and believed that there would be no danger in -humouring her within due bounds; nor did he -conceal his opinions from Tom Checkstone, who, -while professing to coincide with them, fully -made up his mind to carry on the game until -it should bring some decided advantage to himself -and his friend Charles Stuart.</p> - -<p>The Princess, accompanied by Father M‘Fillan, -and by Tom, who rode, drove to Aberdumble -Station without the retinue of armed tenants; -and, punctual to the appointed hour, the king’s -train arrived. The Princess would have respectfully -kissed His Majesty’s hand; but Charlie, -with right royal condescension, embraced his -aunt and kissed her upon both cheeks. Then, -having graciously shaken hands with Tom and -the priest, he entered the carriage, which was -driven rapidly back to Balquhalloch. A few -children followed it for a short distance, but -they were soon left behind, and it was not until -the castle was well in sight that any further -signs of excitement and expectation became -visible.</p> - -<p>The first loyal greeting came from Daft Andy -M‘Gregor, an old fellow of eighty-seven. He had -heard from his grandfather of the great doings -of the ’45; and fully believing that patriotism -required it of him, he stood at his cottage -door waving a rusty claymore, and flang his -bonnet into the air as the carriage rolled quickly -by. A more formal welcome awaited the king at -the gateway of the castle. The porter’s eldest son, -in his Sunday clothes, walked gravely forward, -bearing on a cushion the castle keys, and, with -profound obeisance, presented them to Charlie, -who as gravely received them and gave them -into Tom’s custody. At that moment the four -pipers struck up; and the carriage, as it passed -through the gateway, was saluted by a boom -from the old brass gun. Tears stood in the -Princess’s eyes, as, giving her hand to Father -M‘Fillan, she alighted. ‘Thank heaven for this -day!’ she exclaimed devoutly; while in a louder -voice she added: ‘God save the king!’</p> - -<p>The cry was taken up by all the servants and -tenants who had collected in the courtyard, and -was accentuated by a second boom from the brass -gun. Thus acclaimed, the king, supported by -Tom, walked into the great hall, and was thence -conducted by the Princess herself to his private -apartments.</p> - -<p>‘The first thing,’ she whispered to him, ‘will -be to hold a council.’</p> - -<p>‘Of course!’ assented Charlie. ‘We must -hold a council at once. Let me see. May Tom—I<span class="pagenum" id="Page_618">{618}</span> -mean Mr Checkstone—act as my private -secretary until I can appoint some one else to -the post?’</p> - -<p>‘Most certainly! Your Majesty’s wishes are -commands. I will send Mr Checkstone to you.’ -And the amiable Princess respectfully kissed -her nephew and retired.</p> - -<p>A minute later, Tom peeped in at Charlie’s door -and entered his room. The two young men at -once burst into fits of suppressed laughter.</p> - -<p>‘It is really too bad!’ exclaimed Charlie. -‘You can’t imagine how difficult it has been -for me to keep my countenance.’</p> - -<p>‘Never mind; you have done very well so -far,’ returned Tom. ‘I am to be your private -secretary <i>pro tem.</i>, and you are to hold a council. -I must therefore beg your Majesty to graciously -nominate your councillors.’</p> - -<p>‘Whom shall I nominate? There is Father -M‘Fillan.’</p> - -<p>‘And Alexander Gordon, the factor; he is a -presentable sort of fellow.’</p> - -<p>‘And my aunt, the Princess.’</p> - -<p>‘Ah, the constitution doesn’t permit you to -nominate women.’</p> - -<p>‘Well, then, we four can hold the council, if -the council must be held,’ said Charlie.—‘Now, -how am I to comport myself?’</p> - -<p>‘Father M‘Fillan understands, of course, that -we are only masquerading; but you mustn’t let -him know that you have even the most distant -designs on your aunt’s money-bags, for he would -spoil the game in an instant if he did know it. -As for Sandy Gordon—to him you must be the -king, the whole king, and nothing but the king. -If I were you, I should knight him. It would -consolidate his loyalty.’</p> - -<p>‘I’ll make him a baronet, if you like,’ assented -Charlie. ‘It won’t cost any more.—But what -are we to do in council?’</p> - -<p>‘To decide upon your plan of action,’ said -Tom. ‘And we may as well settle that here. -The decision must be that no public steps are -to be taken at present.’</p> - -<p>‘Quite so.—But don’t, Tom, push matters too -far. I only want to be able to marry Kate, you -know; and really five hundred a year from my -aunt would satisfy me.’</p> - -<p>‘All right, old fellow; you shall have a thousand.—But -now to business. I will go and -announce the nomination of councillors. The -council will meet in the drawing-room in half -an hour. Shave yourself, and make yourself look -as royal as possible. There was to be a valet -to wait upon you, but he hasn’t yet arrived -from Edinburgh.—How they are pounding away -with that absurd brass gun! Fortunately, the -powder has almost run out, so you won’t be -troubled with your full salute.’ And Tom disappeared.</p> - -<p>The first sitting of King Charles III.’s council -was not a long one. The decision at which -Charlie and Tom had already arrived was, of -course, adopted. Sandy Gordon was offered, but -modestly declined, the honour of knighthood; -and Father M‘Fillan was commissioned to inform -the Princess that the king did not deem it -expedient for the present to take any public -steps to assert his authority beyond the loyal -precincts of Balquhalloch.</p> - -<p>The Princess, who for nights had been dreaming -of rebellion, was grievously disappointed, and -sought to bend her nephew’s determination. -After dinner, when for a short time she was -alone with him, she talked the matter over.</p> - -<p>‘Well, my dear aunt,’ said the king at last, -‘I need not tell you that if we organise a rising, -I must put myself at the head of it. And if I -put myself at the head of it, I must of necessity -risk my life. At present, as you know, I -am not married. I am the last male of our house. -Ought I not, before facing the danger, to look -to the interests of my race, and indeed of the -country? If I had a son, or even a daughter, -I could go forth with a lighter heart to battle; -for in that case my death would not mean the -inevitable extinction of all our hopes. You, it -is true, would succeed me, but only for a few -short burdensome years; and with you the line -would pass out of existence.’</p> - -<p>‘True,’ assented the Princess; ‘you certainly -ought to marry, and to marry quickly. But -whom can you marry? Who is worthy of you? -Your royal grandmother was a Tudor, a worthy -spouse for my father of sacred memory. But -there are no Tudors now; and besides, you -ought not to marry a cousin. I fear that you -must seek an alliance on the continent, among -the Bourbons or the Hapsburgs.’</p> - -<p>‘Why not among the English Plantagenets?’ -asked the king.</p> - -<p>‘Would that some remained,’ ejaculated the -Princess.</p> - -<p>‘But one does remain,’ said Charlie. ‘The -fact is that I have had the good fortune to make -the acquaintance of one whom I have determined -to wed; and, my dear aunt, she is a Plantagenet. -Mr Checkstone, who has the honour of her -acquaintance, will tell you about her.’</p> - -<p>‘Indeed!’ exclaimed the Princess. ‘This news -greatly rejoices me. Let Mr Checkstone write to -her at once in my name and ask her to come -and visit me. I will judge of her worthiness.’</p> - -<p>‘You had better write,’ suggested the king. -‘Why not write informally, as my aunt. You -must remember that we cannot yet afford to -risk anything by publicly hinting at my pretensions, -much less by boldly proclaiming to the -country and the powers that be that I intend to -seize the crown.’</p> - -<p>The Princess reflected; but she gave way, -and, for once in her life, signed herself simply -Henrietta Maria Stuart.</p> - -<p>In due course Kate received the invitation. -It was accompanied by a private letter from -Charlie; and when she had read the two communications, -she forfeited a month’s salary and -quitted her situation. A few days had to be -spent in preparing for the visit to so large and -grand an establishment as she knew Balquhalloch -to be; but in less than a week after hearing from -Miss Stuart, Catharine Plantagenet left London -for Scotland.</p> - - -<h3>IV.—THE COLLAPSE.</h3> - -<p>The Princess was charmed with Catharine -Plantagenet, who, in truth, was as gentle and -true-hearted a girl as could be met with anywhere; -but when she became fully aware of -the deception to which she was a party, it -was with the greatest difficulty that Charlie<span class="pagenum" id="Page_619">{619}</span> -persuaded her to refrain from telling her proud -hostess the secret of her birth.</p> - -<p>‘Well,’ said Catharine, ‘under any circumstances -I won’t consent to take advantage of your -aunt’s weakness. I hate false pretences. Your -aunt ought to do something for you, I confess, -but let her do it with her eyes open.’</p> - -<p>Ere long, however, the Princess, upon her own -initiative, made a proposition to which even -Catharine saw no objection.</p> - -<p>‘My dear,’ she said one morning, ‘I am getting -old, and since you have been here with me, I -have begun to feel that I should not like to be -without you. Now I know perfectly well that -Charles will be glad to stay here for the present; -so, why don’t you make up your minds to marry -and stay here together? When I die, the castle -and everything belonging to it will be his. You -need never regard yourselves, therefore, as trespassers -upon my hospitality.’</p> - -<p>‘And you really like to have me with you?’ -asked Catharine.</p> - -<p>‘Certainly, my dear.’</p> - -<p>‘For my own sake, I mean?’ added Catharine.</p> - -<p>‘Yes, for your own sake, and quite apart even -from the fact that Charles loves you. I shall -speak to him about it.’ And speak to him she -did.</p> - -<p>‘You will be quieter and better off here than -in London,’ she said; ‘and you will be able to -mature your plans for the future. You and -Catharine shall have a separate establishment for -yourselves; there is plenty of room for all of -us. And if you have any hesitation on the score -of money matters—which, after all, trouble the -highest as well as the lowest—I may set your -mind at ease, my dear Charles, by telling you -that I have determined to give Catharine on -her wedding-day a hundred thousand pounds -by way of jointure. When I die, the rest will -be yours.’</p> - -<p>‘You are very good, aunt,’ exclaimed the king, -who was fairly overcome by his relative’s liberality. -‘Yes; nowhere can we be happier than -here. But let us be married quietly.’</p> - -<p>‘By all means! Father M‘Fillan shall perform -the ceremony in the chapel. Get Catharine to -name a day—the sooner the better.’</p> - -<p>Charlie talked over the matter that very evening -with his sweetheart, and an arrangement -was soon come to between them. The wedding -was fixed for an early date; a few favoured -guests were invited; and in due course Charlie -and Catharine became man and wife, Tom acting -as best-man, and Sandy Gordon, who, -on account of his age and patriarchal beard, -seemed to be peculiarly fitted for the part, giving -away the bride. There was, of course, a feast -for the tenantry; and the brass gun on the -wall was again fired—this time until it burst; -but, as the Princess regretfully said, the ceremony -was not worthy of the event. It ought to -have taken place at Holyrood or Westminster -Abbey.</p> - -<p>Charlie and Catharine went to Edinburgh for -their honeymoon; and when they returned to -Balquhalloch, the castle settled down once more -into its normal condition of peace and quietness. -Tom and the Princess spent much of their time -in the library, working hard at the family history; -and the young couple, with nothing to -worry them, and only themselves to think about, -passed a delightful existence, which seemed as if -it could never become wearisome.</p> - -<p>But matters could not go on for ever in this -way. The Princess in time began to ask Charlie -about his plans. ‘Will arms be required?’ she -wanted to know. ‘Will there be uniforms for -the troops? What hope is there of foreign assistance? -Can the officers and men throughout the -country be bribed?’ And above all, ‘When are -you going to rise and strike for your rights?’ -In short, the situation threatened to become -critical. And when, nearly a year after his -wedding, Charlie found himself the proud father -of a boy, he realised that he must either act, or -permit his good aunt to scorn him as a weak-kneed, -cowardly shadow of a king.</p> - -<p>The auspicious event caused the Princess to -be unusually active. She desired, ere the grand -stroke should be dealt, to be in a position to -publish abroad a full and complete pedigree, -tracing the descent of the Stuarts of Balquhalloch -from the royal Stuarts of Scotland; and -hearing that a number of old records bearing -upon the question were for sale in London, she -despatched Tom Checkstone thither with <i>carte -blanche</i> to buy whatever he could lay his hands -upon. Tom was absent for ten days; and when -he reappeared, he had with him a large chest -full of dusty, mouldy, discoloured documents. -These treasures were conveyed to the library, -and for a week the Princess almost lived among -them.</p> - -<p>One day Charlie and Catharine, who was now -convalescent, were sitting at luncheon, when, -without warning, the Princess burst into the -room. She was very violently excited. Her -gray hair had fallen loose, her cheeks were pallid, -and her hands were clenched convulsively.</p> - -<p>‘What is the matter?’ exclaimed Charlie and -Catharine, both rising together and rushing to -support their aunt.</p> - -<p>‘Matter!’ she cried—‘matter?’ and she began -to weep hysterically.</p> - -<p>‘Tell me,’ implored Catharine. ‘What can -we do?’</p> - -<p>But Tom, who had followed the Princess, and -who now appeared in the open doorway, soon -explained the cause of the outbreak.</p> - -<p>‘Look here!’ he said, as he held out a yellow -parchment. ‘It is a terrible blow to your aunt, -Charlie. There has been some mistake. You -are not descended from the royal Stuarts at all. -A similarity of names and some careless copying -are responsible for the error.’</p> - -<p>Charlie seized the manuscript, and having -hastily glanced at it, threw it aside, and went -to his aunt, who was already being attended to -by Catharine.</p> - -<p>The Princess had fainted; but ere long she -recovered, and was able to tell her version of -the story. She had been completing the pedigree; -she had almost arrived at the last link, -when the whole chain had been snapped by this -hideous discovery. She would never get over the -shock. To think that after all she was a nobody! -It was too dreadful!</p> - -<p>They led her to her own room, and in time -succeeded in calming her. Then, in order to -convince himself, Charlie carefully examined the -parchment. Its statements could not be gainsaid.<span class="pagenum" id="Page_620">{620}</span> -The Stuarts of Balquhalloch had no connection -with royalty; and he would not now be required -to seize the throne of Great Britain. To him the -revelation came, it must be remarked, as a welcome -relief; but for days and weeks it made -his poor aunt miserable; and when she finally -reconciled herself to her lot, it seemed as if her -energy and pleasure in life had departed for ever. -Indeed, she never entirely got over the blow, -and at the beginning of this year she died.</p> - -<p>Charlie and Catharine were with her to the -last, and she bequeathed everything to them. -Balquhalloch, therefore, is now theirs; and Tom -Checkstone, who, rightly or wrongly, regarded -himself as Charlie’s good genius, holds sway as -his friend’s secretary, man of business, chum, -and general factotum.</p> - - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2 class="nobreak" id="THE_MONTH">THE MONTH: -<br /> -SCIENCE AND ARTS.</h2> -</div> - - -<p><span class="smcap">On</span> the 27th of August, the British Association -commenced its fifty-fourth annual meeting—not -this year, however, on British soil, but at Montreal -in Canada. Some hundreds of members -travelled from this country to be present at the -meeting. Both on the part of the city and of -the Dominion, the reception of the Association -has been everything that could be desired by its -members. Montreal itself raised forty thousand -dollars towards defraying the expenses of -the visit, and three hundred of the members -were, besides, received as guests into private -houses. The new President, Lord Rayleigh, -Professor of Experimental Physics in the University -of Cambridge, delivered the opening -address, in which he sketched the progress that -had been made in certain important branches -of science. The final meeting of the Association -was held on the afternoon of September 3, and -was largely attended, about two thousand persons -being present. Lord Rayleigh in addressing the -assembly, said that no meeting had been held in -which the Association had been provided with -such spacious rooms. Resolutions in favour of -the erection of a free public library in Montreal, -as a memorial of the visit, were then passed, and -a large amount of money was immediately promised -in aid of this object, among the donations -being one of ten thousand pounds. The total -money grants in favour of scientific investigations -made at the Montreal meeting were fifteen -hundred and fifty pounds. The tickets issued -for members of the Association for this session -numbered seventeen hundred and thirty, and -the money received amounted to eighteen hundred -pounds.</p> - -<p>Within the last twenty-five years, and more -especially since the Franco-German war, when -the French made such good use of balloons, there -have been somewhat frequent rumours that the -problem of aërial navigation, comprised in the -possibility of guiding and propelling a balloon -in a given direction, had been solved. The -machine in each case is carefully described, and -generally it is represented as having risen gracefully -in the air, travelled about a little, and then -returned to its starting-point. Then, nothing -more is heard of it. Such an event is said -to have occurred last month in France. The -gas-vessel—it can hardly be called a balloon, for -it is cigar-shaped—is nearly two hundred feet -long. A platform is hung below, upon which -is a screw propeller, worked by a dynamo-machine -and a large rudder. This description tallies -almost exactly with the form of so-called steerable -balloons which have been constructed, tried, -and found useless by M. Giffard, M. Tissandier, -and others in previous years. The French -government have spent much money in experimental -ballooning, and this last achievement is -the result. Perhaps the authorities were obliged -to show something for the money that was being -spent, but we fear that that something is not -anything new or profitable. Until an aërial -machine be produced which shall make its way -<i>against</i> strong currents, balloon navigation will -remain as it has hitherto been.</p> - -<p>Here is a clever American notion, and one -which will probably have a wide application. -It consists of a noiseless door-closer. In the -ordinary metal or india-rubber spring, so commonly -fixed to doors, the greatest energy is -exerted at first, and the door generally slams -with a noise which is very distressing to any -one with nerves. In the new arrangement, the -spring is fixed to the piston attached to a small -air-cylinder, so that as the door closes, the resistance -of the air in the cylinder checks its motion -before the terrible bang arrives. A small opening -in the cylinder then lets in the air, so that the -spring once more asserts its authority with sufficient -persuasion to gently close the door.</p> - -<p>After the terrors excited by the alleged danger -of using arsenical wall-papers, it is rather a relief -to read the opinion of Mr R. Galloway, who has -written an article upon the subject in the <i>Journal -of Science</i>. ‘Has it,’ he asks, ‘ever been proved -that persons who inhabit rooms the wall-paper -of which is stained with emerald green, suffer -from arsenical poisoning?’ He then points out -that the injurious effects, if any, must be due to -the mechanical detachment of the pigment from -the paper, and that such homœopathic doses of -the substance as could be carried by the air, would -be totally different from the effects which arise -from larger doses of arsenic. Moreover, he has -made inquiry as to any cases of poisoning occurring -during the packing of this finely divided pigment—during -which operation the packers are surrounded -by clouds of its dust—and could hear of -none. Mr Mattieu Williams, a well-known writer -on Science, is also of opinion that ‘arsenical wall-papers’ -are practically harmless. We are glad -to record these opinions, for the tendency of the -present time is to point out lurking dangers in -every direction, until one is apt to wonder how -our forefathers, in their happy ignorance of sanitation, -ever contrived to reach adult age.</p> - -<p>At Reading, this autumn, a honey-fair is to be -held, when prizes will be distributed to beekeepers -who work on humane and advanced principles, -and also to those who can show the greatest -amount of unadulterated honey raised in a Berkshire -hive. Such a show as this is worthy of -every encouragement, for honey fetches a high -price, and so does wax, even in these days of cheap -sugar and composite candles. It thus becomes -possible for the intelligent cottager to add considerably -to his scanty means; and if he can<span class="pagenum" id="Page_621">{621}</span> -be taught that honey can be won without periodical -destruction of bees and comb, so much the -better. There is some complaint that the newfangled -hives, efficient though they be, are too -expensive to supersede the old straw skep. The -British Beekeepers’ Association might well turn -their attention to this aspect of the matter.</p> - -<p>Last year, Professor Huxley stated it as his -opinion that no act of man could possibly influence -the increase or decrease in the number of sea-fish. -This was in answer to the gloomy anticipations -of many that the herring and other -fisheries would be gradually annihilated unless -our fishermen were compelled by law to observe -certain conditions. So far as herrings are concerned, -the recent enormous catches have shown -that there are fish as good and plentiful in the sea -as ever yet came out. Last month, we saw these -fish in splendid condition being sold at the -Farringdon Fish Market, London, at one penny -per dozen. By the way, can any one explain why, -in these days of refrigerators and cheap ice, eighty-six -tons of fish should be allowed in one month -to become—at Billingsgate—unfit for human food?</p> - -<p>At a flower-show at Frome the other day, prizes -were offered by Miss Ormerod, the consulting -entomologist to the Royal Agricultural Society -of England, for the best collection of food-plants -injured by insects, accompanied by samples of -the injurious creatures themselves, and a short -written account of the nature of their depredations -and the preventive measures to be adopted in -dealing with them. There was only one competitor, -Mr Herbert Haley of Frome; but the -collection which he showed was a very complete -one, and was most highly commended by Miss -Ormerod. As this was the first injurious-insect -competition in this country, and was probably -known to comparatively few persons, we need not -be surprised at the want of competitors. Ten -years ago in Paris, a similar Exhibition took place, -in which nearly four hundred competitors took -part. The exhibits included useful as well as -injurious insects, which were divided into separate -classes. Such competitions ought to be productive -of a great amount of good.</p> - -<p>Recent experiments have led to the adoption -of many alterations in the torpedo system, which -is likely to play such an important part in naval -operations of the future. Hitherto, the torpedo—a -huge fish-like case to hold explosives, and containing -within itself an air-engine for propelling it -through the water—was thrust from a ship’s side -below the water-line. But it was found in practice -that it was impossible to fire the agent of destruction -in a straight line, especially if its mother-ship -were under way. In the new method, the -torpedo, which is sixteen feet long and fourteen -inches in diameter, is fitted into a steel tube just -large enough to contain the projectile. The pressure -of a key admits highly compressed air to this -tube, and the torpedo is shot out of an open port -on exactly the same principle that a pea is projected -from a pea-shooter. But in the case of the -torpedo, its little but powerful engine is set to -work the moment it reaches the water, and away -speeds the torpedo on its terrible errand.</p> - -<p>Professor Tuck of New York has constructed -an electric torpedo boat, which will render submarine -warfare very terrible, if the hopes raised -by its recent trial are fulfilled. It is made of -iron, in the shape of a cigar, or rather pointed -at each end, and is thirty feet in length. It can -travel on the surface of the water, or several feet -below, at the will of its commander. The -torpedoes are carried outside the vessel, and can -be detached by the action of an electro-magnet, -when it is desired to let one rise to the surface -against any ship that may be lying overhead. -By means of attached wires, the torpedo can be -exploded when the submarine boat has retired -to a position of safety. Jules Verne’s clever -romance <i>Thirty Thousand Leagues under the Sea</i>, -seems here to come into play.</p> - -<p>Under the supervision of Mr Preece, the well-known -electrician to the Post-office, an experiment -of great interest has been recently conducted at -Wimbledon, near London. The object of the -experiment was to ascertain the best method of -lighting streets by electricity, the lamps employed -being the incandescent pattern advocated by -Edison, Swan, and others. Some of the lamps -were placed singly, others on poles twenty feet -high, while at the same time the efficiency of -different kinds of reflectors was tested. The -cost is calculated to amount to one farthing per -lamp per hour for each unit of light, valued at -ten candles. Now, the cost of gas for a similar -amount of light is one-fifth of a penny, so that -the difference in expense between the two systems -is not very great. On the other hand, the -advantages of the electric light in the open air, -where no question of impure products of combustion -need come in, almost disappear; gas, -therefore, still fulfils the required conditions.</p> - -<p>It is to be hoped that the new regulations for -the prevention of collisions at sea, which have -just been published, will have the effect of -reducing those calamities, which have of late -become fearfully familiar. The twenty-seven -articles contained in these regulations refer to -lights, sound-signals for fog, steering and sailing -rules, precautions to be adopted, and special -rules for squadrons and convoys. We may call -particular attention to article nineteen, which -indicates how one vessel can signal to another -by a steam-whistle. Thus—one short blast to -mean, ‘I am directing my course to starboard;’ -two short blasts, ‘I am going to port;’ three to -mean, ‘I am going full speed astern.’ Any one -will readily remark how such signals could be -added to almost indefinitely. Indeed, it is simply -the method adopted in the army for flash-signalling -with the heliograph, adapted to sound-signalling -with the steam-whistle. In such a -system, unfortunately, there are few, in moments -of danger, who can keep their heads cool enough -to avoid making perilous mistakes. It is somewhat -like talking quietly when the house is -on fire.</p> - -<p>About four years ago, the startling scheme of -carrying ships upon a specially constructed -railway track bodily across that little neck of -land which ties together the two Americas was -conceived by Mr Eades. This scheme was communicated -to the British Association at York in -1881, and although the idea seems a novel one, -like most engineering enterprises it can be doubtless -accomplished if investors can be made to -believe in its power of paying a good dividend. -The suggested route would require a track one -hundred and thirty-four miles in length, which<span class="pagenum" id="Page_622">{622}</span> -must be laid with a compound railway of -extremely solid construction. The worked-out -details of the method of raising a ship on a -pontoon, transferring it to a travelling cradle, and -finally committing it to the deep once more, after -its journey on dry land, are most ingenious. -Mr Eades, who hails from the United States, is -now in England, endeavouring to interest capitalists -in his proposals.</p> - -<p>The demolition of the old law-courts which -adjoined Westminster Hall, has brought into -view one of the most interesting pieces of stonework -belonging to Norman times that can be -found in London. The state of preservation -of the wall of the old hall, upon which the -marks of the mason’s tools are still visible, is -due to the circumstance, that from a very early -time it was under cover, for a cloister extended -along the whole length of the building on -this side. Mr Pearson, the architect, was lately -requested to report upon the subject, and to -suggest the best method of restoration compatible -with the preservation of this unique relic of the -reign of William Rufus; and it has been determined -to restore the cloister as it originally stood. -According to the opinion of Mr Shaw-Lefevre, -the First Commissioner of Works, the edifice -when completed will, with the Houses of Parliament -and the old abbey adjacent, form one of -the grandest groups of buildings in Europe.</p> - -<p>The attractions of South Kensington Museum -have lately been added to by the opening of -a room containing a collection of antique casts, -which have been collected and arranged by Mr -W. C. Perry. This collection numbers about -three hundred specimens, which illustrate the -whole historical range of ancient art. Such a -record of the plastic art of ancient times is of -deep interest to the archæologist, as well as of -immense value to the art student. The arrangement -of the specimens is mainly chronological, -and where one or two casts are, on account of -inconvenient size, not shown in their right place, -it is in consequence of want of space. We may -venture to hope that at some not distant date, -better accommodation will be found for this -valuable and interesting collection.</p> - -<p>The Great Western Railway has always been -famed for the wonderful engineering difficulties -which were grappled with by the daring Brunel, -and many evidences of his skill are apparent to -the traveller on that line. But even Brunel did -not conceive the bold idea of piercing a tunnel -twenty-six feet in diameter, and four and a half -miles in length, beneath the bed of the Severn. -But this great work has now been in progress -for some years, and the operations latterly have -been pushed forward with such rapidity by three -thousand busy men, that its completion may soon -be looked forward to. The tunnel will shorten -considerably the distance between London and -South Wales. It is constructed so as to dip -considerably towards the centre, to which point -any water will naturally gravitate. Here it will -enter a drainage subway, which will carry it to -the Welsh side, to be pumped up into the river. -The great difficulty which the workers have had -to contend with is the irruption of vast bodies -of water from local springs. The crown of the -tunnel lies at a depth of from eighty to a hundred -feet beneath the bed of the river.</p> - -<p>In these days of quick communication by -telegraph and telephone, it is strange to see -how it becomes occasionally convenient to employ -‘the bird of the air’ to ‘carry the voice.’ In -Haddingtonshire, at the Penston Colliery, messages -are carried from the pits to the offices, -a distance of more than six miles, by pigeons, -and they accomplish the work in about as -many minutes. Telegrams are found to take -about an hour in executing the same business, -and telephones are inadmissible, because as yet -no plan has been found by which the sounds can -be permanently recorded.</p> - -<p>In a recent lecture on Cholera and its Prevention, -Professor de Chamont called attention to -the very common and erroneous idea that tobacco-smoke, -camphor, and other strongly smelling -compounds act as disinfectants. He pointed out -that although chlorine, sulphurous acid gas, and -carbolic acid may under certain conditions be -safely regarded as true disinfectants, the best and -most efficient known is <i>fire</i>. He also, in speaking -of sulphurous acid gas, generated by burning -sulphur, showed that a ready way of facilitating -combustion was first of all to pour upon -the brimstone a little alcohol.</p> - -<p>Mr Graham, who recently gave an account of -his mountaineering experiences in the Himalaya, -seems to have negatived some of our preconceived -notions regarding the difficulty of breathing at -high altitudes. At an elevation of more than -four miles above the sea-level, Mr Graham and -his companions felt no inconvenience in breathing -except what might be expected from the muscular -exertion they had gone through. Loss of sight, -nausea, bleeding at the nose or ears, and other -unpleasant symptoms often described by travellers, -were entirely absent. But the heart was sensibly -affected, its rapid pace being easily perceptible, -and its beatings quite audible. It may be remembered -that Mr Glaisher and Mr Coxwell, in the -course of an experimental balloon ascent some -years ago, nearly lost their lives by the effect -upon their breathing organs of the highly attenuated -atmosphere to which they had risen. But -the altitude then reached was about double that -attained by Mr Graham in the Himalaya.</p> - -<p>A scheme has been proposed for the construction -of an Indo-European railway, the chief -novelty of which is the adoption of a route -along the south shore of the Mediterranean. The -line would utilise the railroads of France and -Spain. Then there would be steam-transit from -Gibraltar Bay to Ceuta in Morocco. Here would -be the terminus proper of the international railway, -which would be in connection with the -lines already laid in Algeria and Tunis. The -route would be continued through Tripoli to -join the Egyptian lines, and eventually along -the coast of the Persian Gulf to Kurrachee in -India. Here, of course, contact would be made -with the great Indian railway system. Preliminary -surveys have been already made, and the -nominal capital of the undertaking is fixed at ten -millions sterling.</p> - -<p>At the late meeting of the British Association -in Canada, a very curious contribution to our -knowledge of carnivorous plants was made by -Professor Moseley, as a result of certain experiments -he has made with the water-weed <i>Utricularia -vulgaris</i>. This plant is furnished with<span class="pagenum" id="Page_623">{623}</span> -small pear-shaped bladders, which at certain -seasons are charged with air, and cause the weed -to rise to the surface of the water. This movement -has hitherto been supposed to be connected -with the phenomenon of fertilisation. But Professor -Moseley points out that each bladder has -an opening closed by an elastic door, which will -easily yield to the pressure of a small fish; and -that any unfortunate intruder is either caught -bodily, or can be securely held a prisoner by head -or tail until dead. That there is here anything -analogous to digestion as seen in other -carnivorous plants, such as the <i>Dionæa</i>, &c., -does not appear; but it is thought probable that -the decomposing animal matter may contribute -eventually to the life of the weed.</p> - -<p>An invention of considerable importance in -connection with the probability of saving life at -sea has made its appearance during the month. -This consists of an adaptation of the use of oil at -sea to the ordinary life-buoy. Round the inside -of the buoy is a brass reservoir filled with oil. -This is so arranged that when the buoy is hung -upon the vessel’s side no oil can escape; while -the moment it assumes a horizontal position, as, -for instance, when it is thrown into the sea, the -oil flows freely, and the water all around the buoy -is rapidly covered with a thin film. This soon -widens into a large circle, within which, of course, -the waves are unbroken, which enables persons -to be the more easily secured by the ship’s boats. -Since it is a well-known fact that in rough -weather, when the cry ‘Man overboard!’ is -oftenest heard, life-buoys are frequently useless, -as even the strongest men are commonly -washed off them, this practical adaptation of -the use of oil at sea will probably prove of -signal importance. It could, we imagine, also -be readily applied to many of those improvised -sea-rafts and similar appliances, and render -them of great value in rough weather. It was -the fault of many of those ingenious contrivances -of this kind which were to be seen at -the Fisheries Exhibition last year, that no one -could possibly live on them in broken water, and -this objection the use of oil in this way would -certainly obviate. It should be noticed, however, -that the chief value of the invention consists -in the arrangement for the oil to flow automatically.</p> - -<p>In addition to the electrically lighted colliery -in South Wales, noticed in last ‘Month,’ we hear -of another in Lanarkshire belonging to Mr John -Watson, Earnock, near Hamilton. There may -possibly be other workings thus illuminated -throughout this country; and there is no doubt -that ere long the brilliant and comparatively safe -electric light will be generally adopted underground.</p> - -<p>In Prussia also, as we learn from a contemporary, -the electric light at the Mechernich Mines -has now had a fair trial for more than three -years, and has proved a complete success. The -expectation that it would both facilitate the -operations and increase their security, has fully -been realised, and an extension of the plant is -now being carried out. An open working two -thousand feet long, one thousand feet wide, and -over three hundred feet deep, in which three -hundred men and twenty horses are continually -occupied, was first to be supplied with the electric -light, and it was a question whether arc lamps -would answer for this purpose in the smoky -atmosphere caused by blasting operations. For -the first experiments, arc lamps of three thousand -and one thousand candles were used, with the -positive carbon in the lower holder. The effect -was brilliant, yet the light did not penetrate the -white smoke cloud which collects at the upper -wall immediately after the shot. But as the -smoke settles within ten minutes, it was thought -advisable to acquiesce in this interruption of a -few minutes, and to use smaller lamps of three -hundred and fifty candles, which proved quite -efficient. Of these, there are ten in use, with -about ten thousand feet of lead cable, the cable -being partially elastic, as the lamps with their -wires have to be removed when the blasting is -to take place. The lamps were originally supplied -with hexagonal lanterns with obscured glass to -protect the eyes of the miners. The glasses were, -of course, soon broken, but no complaints are -said to have been made about the naked electric -lights.</p> - -<p>The speech-recorder would appear to be an -instrument of no small importance, if it is able -to do in a practical manner that which the title -of a patent recently applied for by Mr W. E. -Irish would lead us to suppose. The title of -the patent is as follows: ‘A system or method -and means of receiving and recording articulated -speech and other sounds transmitted telegraphically, -telephonically, or otherwise, by the aid -of electricity.’ The transmitting, as by telephone, -and recording of speech in characters which may -be easily read, would be of incalculable value. If -this instrument fulfils what is claimed for it, -the anticipations once hoped for in the phonograph -will be realised, and in the future we -may expect to see business-men talking their -correspondence into a box in which mechanism, -by the aid of electricity, records the same on -paper, which may be forwarded as a letter. -Moreover, literary men will be saved the drudgery -of the pen, and have their thoughts recorded -as rapidly as they can convey them to the -instrument. The system of natural phonetic -signs, which we should expect this instrument -to describe, may also be the means of influencing -spelling and of simplifying the phonographic -difficulties of the language. Applications innumerable -suggest themselves to us to which such -an apparatus may be applied; the verifying -and duplicating of orders received and sent -telephonically, would form no small item in -the advantages to be derived from such a -system.</p> - -<p>According to the <i>Journal de Rouen</i>, quoting -from the <i>Polytechnische Zeitung</i>, the recent invention -of M. Verk, by which is produced the effect -of any metal on felt, is likely to become extremely -useful when applied to theatrical stage properties, -as, besides being inexpensive, the articles -so treated are not materially increased in weight. -The things intended to assume a metallic appearance -are first of all covered with a layer of felt, -which is coated over with a resinous substance -mixed with plumbago or blacklead. This is left -to dry, and is then passed over with a hot iron. -The article is next rubbed with pumice-stone, -which produces the effect of burnished steel. -If copper, bronze, or silver is wished to be<span class="pagenum" id="Page_624">{624}</span> -imitated, the felt—which is rendered a conductor -by its coating—is covered readily by immersion -in a galvano-plastic bath.</p> - - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2 class="nobreak" id="OCCASIONAL_NOTES">OCCASIONAL NOTES.</h2> -</div> - - -<h3>TELEGRAPHING EXTRAORDINARY.</h3> - -<p><span class="smcap">A contemporary</span> supplies some interesting particulars -as to the number of words transmitted -by telegraph to all parts of the kingdom on the -occasion of the Prime Minister’s recent visit to -Edinburgh. On the evening of Mr Gladstone’s -arrival, press messages containing over seventeen -thousand words were handed in at the telegraph -department of the General Post-office; but the -actual number of words transmitted was over -sixty-seven thousand, owing to the fact of the -same report being sent to more than one newspaper. -Mr Gladstone’s visit to the Forth Bridge -works led to the transmission of twelve thousand -words, and his movements on the following day -to nineteen thousand. On the occasion of his -first speech on Saturday evening (August 30) -in the Corn Exchange, sixty-two thousand four -hundred and seventy-one words were handed in, -and one hundred and thirty-eight thousand four -hundred and forty-five transmitted. The number -would have been greater had not Sunday intervened, -allowing of the transmission of many -messages by train. On Monday evening (September -1) the press messages reached the enormous -number of one hundred and seventeen thousand -words, causing the transmission of about four -hundred and twenty-seven thousand words, the -largest number ever transmitted on any one -night from Edinburgh. After the Waverley -Market speech of Tuesday night (September 2), -one hundred and seventy-two thousand eight -hundred and twenty-one words were transmitted.</p> - -<p>On Monday evening, when the strain was -heaviest, one hundred and thirty operators were -at work, and in spite of the constant stream of -messages the department kept abreast of the -reporters. As many as four towns in the same -telegraphic circuit were enabled to read almost -the same message at the same time. The message -having been ‘punched’ on long slips of prepared -paper, the plan was adopted, instead of running -it entirely through one machine, of taking the -slip out of the first machine after it was three -yards clear, and running it into a second and a -third.</p> - - -<h3>CASUALTIES ON THE BRITISH COAST.</h3> - -<p>A blue-book on sea-casualties to British vessels -from July 1, 1882 to June 30, 1883, contains the -Report of the Marine Department of the Board -of Trade, showing that the total number of vessels -belonging to the United Kingdom to which -casualties occurred (total losses and serious and -minor casualties) was 5409. This is higher by -one hundred and eleven than in 1881-82, -when it was 5298, and higher than any year -since 1876-77, when it was 5801. The number -of total losses was eight hundred and ten -(tonnage 277,490). This is lower than the -previous two years, but higher than in either -of the four years preceding. The decrease in the -last two years is in sailing-vessels (classed and -unclassed) and in unclassed steamships. There -is, however, a large increase (twenty-five per cent.) -in the total losses of classed steamships. The -number of serious casualties not amounting to total -losses was 1268, and was lower than any of the -previous six years, except 1879-80, when it was -slightly higher. The decrease is entirely confined -to sailing-vessels. The number of steamships (five -hundred and seventy-one) to which serious casualties -occurred is larger than in any of the previous -six years, and the tonnage of the vessels -affected is nearly one hundred and fifty thousand -more than in 1876-77. From 1877-78 there is -a steady annual rise in serious casualties to steamships -from four hundred and six in 1877-78 to -five hundred and seventy-one in 1882-83. In -1876-77 they were four hundred and ninety-three. -The loss of life in vessels belonging to the United -Kingdom was 2501 in 1882-83, or seven hundred -and seventy-six less than in 1881-82, but was -more than the loss in each of the five years -preceding 1881-82, and was three hundred and -thirty-one more than the average for the six -years. Of these 2501 lives, 1463 were lost in -missing vessels. The number of missing ships -was one hundred and fifty-two, namely: Sailing-ships, -133; tonnage, 32,995; lives lost, 1080: -steamships, 19; tonnage, 14,626; lives lost, 383—total -lives lost, 1463.</p> - - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2 class="nobreak" id="YES">‘YES.’</h2> -</div> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> - <div class="stanza"> - <div class="verse indent0"><span class="smcap">A little</span> rain,</div> - <div class="verse indent0">The sun again,</div> - <div class="verse indent2">A shadow;</div> - <div class="verse indent0">A summer day,</div> - <div class="verse indent0">Some new-mown hay,</div> - <div class="verse indent2">A meadow.</div> - </div> - <div class="stanza"> - <div class="verse indent0">A girlish face,</div> - <div class="verse indent0">A matchless grace,</div> - <div class="verse indent2">And beauty;</div> - <div class="verse indent0">We spend the day</div> - <div class="verse indent0">In making hay—</div> - <div class="verse indent2">Sweet duty.</div> - </div> - <div class="stanza"> - <div class="verse indent0">Some fading flowers,</div> - <div class="verse indent0">Some happy hours,</div> - <div class="verse indent2">But fleeting.</div> - <div class="verse indent0">A week of rain,</div> - <div class="verse indent0">And then again</div> - <div class="verse indent2">A meeting.</div> - </div> - <div class="stanza"> - <div class="verse indent0">One quick shy look,</div> - <div class="verse indent0">A rippling brook,</div> - <div class="verse indent2">Some clover;</div> - <div class="verse indent0">A sky of gold,</div> - <div class="verse indent0">The story old,</div> - <div class="verse indent2">A lover.</div> - </div> - <div class="stanza"> - <div class="verse indent0">A fair sweet maid,</div> - <div class="verse indent0">A short word said;</div> - <div class="verse indent2">What is it?</div> - <div class="verse indent0">I try my fate,</div> - <div class="verse indent0">And not too late</div> - <div class="verse indent2">To miss it.</div> - </div> - <div class="stanza"> - <div class="verse indent0">The years have gone,</div> - <div class="verse indent0">And still loves on</div> - <div class="verse indent2">That lover;</div> - <div class="verse indent0">He loves always,</div> - <div class="verse indent0">As days and days</div> - <div class="verse indent2">Pass over.</div> - </div> - <div class="stanza"> - <div class="verse indent0">A loving wife,</div> - <div class="verse indent0">A long, long life</div> - <div class="verse indent2">Together,</div> - <div class="verse indent0">Have made him bless</div> - <div class="verse indent0">That shy sweet ‘Yes’</div> - <div class="verse indent2">For ever.</div> - </div> - <div class="stanza"> - <div class="verse right"><span class="smcap">Nora C. Usher.</span></div> - </div> -</div> -</div> - -<hr class="full" /> - -<p>The Conductor of <span class="smcap">Chambers’s Journal</span> begs to direct -the attention of <span class="smcap">Contributors</span> to the following notice:</p> - -<div class="blockquot_ans"> - -<p><i>1st.</i> All communications should be addressed to the -‘Editor, 339 High Street, Edinburgh.’</p> - -<p><i>2d.</i> For its return in case of ineligibility, postage-stamps -should accompany every manuscript.</p> - -<p><i>3d.</i> <span class="smcap">Manuscripts</span> should bear the author’s full <i>Christian</i> -name, Surname, and Address, legibly written; and -should be written on white (not blue) paper, and on -one side of the leaf only.</p> - -<p><i>4th.</i> Offerings of Verse should invariably be accompanied -by a stamped and directed envelope.</p> -</div> - -<p><i>If the above rules are complied with, the Editor will -do his best to insure the safe return of ineligible papers.</i></p> - -<hr class="full" /> - -<p class="center">Printed and Published by <span class="smcap">W. & R. Chambers</span>, 47 Paternoster -Row, <span class="smcap">London</span>, and 339 High Street, <span class="smcap">Edinburgh</span>.</p> - -<hr class="full" /> - -<p class="center"><i>All Rights Reserved.</i></p> - -<div style='display:block; margin-top:4em'>*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CHAMBERS'S JOURNAL OF POPULAR LITERATURE, SCIENCE, AND ART, FIFTH SERIES, NO. 39, VOL. I, SEPTEMBER 27, 1884 ***</div> -<div style='text-align:left'> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -Updated editions will replace the previous one—the old editions will -be renamed. -</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United -States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. 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