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+
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+Project Gutenberg (https://www.gutenberg.org) public repository for
+eBook #66230 (https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/66230)
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-The Project Gutenberg eBook of An Address to the People of New-England, by
-Samuel Hopkins
-
-This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and
-most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions
-whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms
-of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at
-www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you
-will have to check the laws of the country where you are located before
-using this eBook.
-
-Title: An Address to the People of New-England
-
-Author: Samuel Hopkins
-
-Release Date: September 6, 2021 [eBook #66230]
-
-Language: English
-
-Character set encoding: UTF-8
-
-Produced by: Sonya Schermann, Craig Kirkwood, and the Online Distributed
-             Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This file was
-             produced from images generously made available by The Internet
-             Archive)
-
-*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK AN ADDRESS TO THE PEOPLE OF
-NEW-ENGLAND ***
-
-Transcriber’s Notes:
-
-Text enclosed by underscores is in italics (_italics_).
-
-Additional Transcriber’s Notes are at the end.
-
-       *       *       *       *       *
-
-
-
-
-AN ADDRESS TO THE People of _New-England_.
-
-
-  REPRESENTING
-
-  The very great IMPORTANCE of attaching the INDIANS to their Interest;
-  not only by treating them justly and kindly; but by using proper
-  Endeavours to settle _Christianity_ among them.
-
-   By _SAMUEL HOPKINS_, A. M.
-   PASTOR _of a Church in_ Springfield.
-
-  _I perceive that GOD is no Respecter of Persons: But in every Nation,
-  he that feareth him, and worketh Righteousness, is accepted with him._
-
-  Apostle PETER.
-
-  Printed in _Boston_, 1753. Being a Conclusion to the _Historical
-  Memoirs_ relating to the _Housatunnuk_ INDIANS; with an Account of
-  the Methods used for the Propagation of the Gospel amongst the said
-  _Indians_, by the late reverend Mr. JOHN SERGEANT.
-
-  Now recommended to the serious Consideration of the Inhabitants of
-  _Pennsylvania_, and the other Colonies.
-
-  _PHILADELPHIA_:
-  Reprinted by B. FRANKLIN, and D. HALL. 1757.
-
-
-
-
-AN ADDRESS, _&c._
-
-
-My Design in this Address is to represent, to the People in this
-Country, the very great Importance of treating the _Indians_, who live
-among us, and upon our Borders, in a just, kind and charitable Manner;
-and that we do, by all proper Means and Methods, endeavour to attach
-them to us, and to the _British_ Interest. This, I apprehend, is a
-Subject that has been too much neglected, and that greatly wants to be
-set in a clear and just Light. And I sincerely wish that some Gentleman
-of greater Abilities and Address than I can pretend to, would take it
-in Hand: Tho’ if my weak Endeavours may be a Means of moving others to
-do Justice to a Subject of such Weight, I shall heartily rejoice in it.
-
-That I may offer what I have to say in the clearest and most concise
-Manner I can, I shall go into the following Method.
-
-_First_, I shall endeavour to shew, that it is of vast Importance to
-the _British Provinces_ and _Colonies_ in _America_, especially to the
-Provinces of the _Massachusetts_, _New-York_, and _New-Hampshire_, that
-they be in good Terms with the _Indians_, and attach them to their
-Interest. And,
-
-_Secondly_, I shall endeavour to shew, by what _Means_ this may be
-effected: Or what are the most likely Methods to bring it to pass.
-
-1. I am to shew, that it is of vast Importance, that we be in good
-Terms with the _Natives_; and that we engage them in our Interest. I
-freely grant, that the _Indians_, simply considered, are not of such
-great Consequence to us. We can subsist without them. But yet, their
-Trade is a considerable Article, worthy the Care of any politick
-People, and managed as it might, and ought to be, would yield us
-great Profit. But if we consider them with Relation to _Peace_ and
-_War_, as attached to us, or to our _Enemies_, they are of the last
-Importance to us; for they certainly have the Ballance of Power in
-their Hands, and are able to turn it for or against us, according as
-they stand affected to us. _Canada_, inconsiderable as it is, and from
-which, separate from the _Indians_, we have little or nothing to fear
-in Time of War; _Canada_, I say, would be more than a Match for us,
-in case they join with them against us. He must be a great Stranger
-to, and very ignorant of, the Circumstances both of the _English_ and
-_Indians_, who is not sensible of this. Our Circumstances are such,
-that we cannot guard ourselves against the Incursions of such Enemies
-in Time of War; for our _Frontiers_ are of vast Extent, and border upon
-the adjacent Wilderness; which, tho’ almost inaccessible to us, yet is
-the very Element in which they delight to live. They are at Home in
-it. The People therefore who inhabit our Frontiers, while they follow
-their necessary Business, are exposed to be an easy Prey to them; and
-many of them have been surpriz’d in their Fields and Houses, and in
-a most barbarous Manner put to Death. A small Number of _Indians_,
-encouraged and supported by the _French_ (which they are ready enough
-to do) can easily keep us in a constant Alarm, put us to an immense
-Charge, destroy many, and impoverish more, in our exposed Places, and
-not put themselves at all out of their Way; yea, find their Account
-in it; for as they live by Hunting, so where Game is most plenty they
-are best off: And where can they find a better Supply, than among our
-Cattle, Sheep, and Corn-Fields? There they live at Ease, distress and
-impoverish us, and the adjacent Wilderness is their Refuge. By retiring
-into it, they are soon out of our Reach; and long Experience has taught
-us how ineffectual the Measures we have taken for our Safety and
-Defence have proved.
-
-Some, I am sensible, will say, let us not be at any Cost and Pains to
-gain the Friendship of such a perfidious Crew, but let us destroy them
-all. Quickly said indeed, but not so soon nor so easily effected. Those
-Persons who are for destroying them would doubtless soon do it, were
-they first bound and delivered up to them. But one Question here is,
-how we shall get them into our Power? And another is, Whether it would
-be so humane, generous and Christian-like, to take away their Lives,
-were that in our Power, as it would be to cultivate Friendship with
-them, and to seek their best Good? If we should be so sanguine as to
-endeavour to destroy them, it would doubtless prove a vain Attempt;
-and serve only to drive them to the _French_, who would be very ready
-to receive and protect them. If we neglect them, and take no Measures
-to engage them in our Interest, or to cultivate Friendship with them,
-this will probably render them indifferent to us, and dispose them
-to hearken to the enticing Insinuations of _Romish_ Emissaries; and
-our Situation must be very unhappy, when they become engaged in the
-_French_ Interest.
-
-If it be objected, that the _French_ have already gained a large Number
-of _Indians_ to their Interest, and therefore if we use our best
-Endeavours to gain others, it will avail nothing; for those who are
-devoted to the _French_, will nevertheless distress us in Time of War.
-I reply,
-
-It is very true, that the _French_ of _Canada_, thro’ their Policy and
-Vigilance, have taken the Advantage of our Neglect, and gained a large
-Number of the _Natives_ to their Interest, and are gaining more and
-more every Year; and some even from among our own _Indians_. They spare
-neither Cost nor Pains to accomplish their Designs of this Nature,
-being sensible enough how advantageous it is to them, and how injurious
-to us; and if they continue to be active, and we negligent, as in
-Times past, is it not too probable that they will, in a little Time,
-attach to themselves all the _Indians_ in _North-America_? Does it not
-then concern us to use proper and vigorous Endeavours to prevent this
-apparent Mischief, by counter-working the _French_? who are, I suppose,
-tampering with all the Tribes of _North-America_, to engage them in
-their Interest. And should we succeed in our Endeavours (as it is
-highly probable we might, if proper Steps were taken) so as to engage
-the _Five Nations_, and some other Tribes, in hearty Friendship with
-us; and especially if we should bestow such Favours upon them, as would
-induce them to settle upon our Frontiers; it would in all Probability
-prevent the Evil spoken of in the Objection; for the _Indians_ from
-_Canada_ would not molest us, if a Number of the Natives, in hearty
-Friendship with us, were placed in our Borders. Of this we have had a
-very plain Proof the last War, in the Safety of _Stockbridge_, and the
-adjacent Places, from any Attempts of the Enemy from _Canada_.
-
-_Stockbridge_ is in the very Road of, and more exposed to, the
-_Indians_ from _Canada_, than any other Place whatever; and yet we
-see that the Enemy turned off East to _Connecticut-River_, and West
-to the _Dutch_ Settlements, where they did much Mischief; while
-_Stockbridge_, _Sheffield_, _New-Marlborough_, and _Number One_, tho’
-more exposed, were not molested. This, so far as we can discern, was
-owing to a small Number of _Indians_ dwelling at _Stockbridge_, who
-are our hearty and fast Friends; which the Enemy being sensible of,
-cared not to come within their Reach, lest they should be taken in
-their own Snare. And if we should encourage the Settlement of other
-_Indian_ Towns upon our Frontiers, where Hunting is most handy to them,
-as _Stockbridge_ has been encouraged; should we give them Townships
-of Land suitable for their Improvement, build a Meeting-House and
-School-House in each Town, and support Ministers and School-Masters in
-them; would not this convince them that we are their true Friends, and
-seek their Good? Would it not induce them to settle in our Borders?
-especially those of them who are desirous that they themselves and
-their Children should be instructed? Would they not be a Guard to us
-in Time of War? And if, after all, we should meet with some Trouble
-from the _Indians_ of _Canada_, might it not be effectually prevented,
-by playing our _Indians_ upon them, as they do theirs upon us? And
-would not the Charge of all this be a Trifle, compared with that of
-defending ourselves in Time of War? But if we neglect them, and take
-no Measures to cultivate Friendship with them, and especially if we
-deal injuriously by them, shall we not put an Advantage into the Hands
-of the _French_ (which they will not fail of improving) to engage them
-in their Interest, and to employ them against us in Time of War? which
-would prove a very great Calamity to us, if not our utter Ruin. These
-Things considered, is it not of very great Importance, that we be at
-good Terms with the neighbouring _Natives_?
-
-2. I will, in the next Place, endeavour to shew what are the likely
-_Methods_ to bring this to pass: Or what Measures we must take with the
-_Indians_, if we would engage them in hearty Friendship with us.
-
-And here, in general, our Conduct towards them must be such as shall
-make them sensible that we are indeed their hearty Friends; and such
-also as shall convince them that it is their Interest and Advantage
-to be in Friendship with us. Nothing short of this, I apprehend, will
-attach them to us, so as to answer the Ends proposed. If we often treat
-with them, renew the Friendship, and bestow upon them large Presents:
-Or, as they phrase it, Smoke together, brighten the Chain, or put the
-Brands together, to kindle up the former Fire; and yet leave Room
-for them to suppose that this proceeds not from true Friendship, but
-rather from Fear of them, or from Suspicion that they will join with
-our Enemies, &c. this will never be sufficient to engage them; the
-utmost we can rationally expect from it is, that they will not openly
-break with us, but keep up a Shew of Friendship, that they may have the
-Benefit of future Presents at our Hands.
-
-Again, if we should by any Means convince them that we are their
-true Friends, and yet not go into such Measures with them as should
-turn to their _Advantage_, they would hardly be engaged for us. As
-all other People are governed by _Interest_, so are they. And the
-principal Handle we can take hold of, to attach them to us by, is
-their _Interest_, and that would not fail of doing it. If a Tribe of
-_Indians_ can sell their Skins to us for _Twenty Shillings_, and buy
-their Blankets for _Ten Shillings_; they will never go to _Canada_
-where they must sell their Skins for _Ten Shillings_, and give _Twenty
-Shillings_ for a Blanket. Convince them that it is much for their
-Interest and Advantage to be our Friends and Allies, and we need not
-fear but that they will be so. Now, in order to convince them that we
-are truly their Friends, and that it is their Interest to be ours, we
-must,
-
-In the first Place, treat them according to the Rules of Equity and
-Justice. We must not defraud and oppress them, but be honest and just
-in our Dealings with them.
-
-The Natives, with whom we have to do, are Persons of so much Sagacity,
-that they can distinguish between just and injurious Treatment, as
-well as other Men. They are also as ready to resent, and perhaps more
-forward to revenge Injuries, than any other People under Heaven. If
-therefore we treat them in an unjust Manner, we may rationally expect
-that they will be so far from being our Friends, that they will join
-with our Enemies, and seek Opportunities of Revenge.
-
-It is well known, that the _Indians_ are generally addicted to
-Drunkenness, and that when they have tasted a little Liquor, they have
-a strong Thirst for more, and will part with any Thing they have, for a
-sufficient Quantity to make them drunk.----And is it not as well known,
-that we have taken the Advantage of this their vicious Appetite, and
-for a few Quarts of Rum have purchased valuable Effects of them? Have
-not private Persons thus made their Gains of them, notwithstanding the
-good Laws that have been in Force to prevent it? And is not this the
-Manner of all private Traders, who go among their several Tribes for
-Gain?
-
-In our publick Dealings with them at our Truck-Houses, where Rum has
-been freely sold them, Care has been taken that they should not be
-cheated, but that they should have the full Value of what they had
-to sell: An Indian therefore, who was Owner of a Pack of Beaver,
-Deerskins, or any other valuable Goods, could buy a large Quantity
-of Rum, and might get drunk perhaps ten times, or more; whereas, if
-he had fallen into private Hands, he must have contented himself with
-being drunk but once or twice. Which of these proves most injurious to
-_Indians_ in the End, I shall not pretend to determine.
-
-When they are thus intoxicated, they fall out among themselves, fight,
-and sometimes kill, one another, and some have drunk themselves dead
-on the Spot. An Instance of each of these there has been, if I am
-rightly informed, at _Fort Dummer_, since that has been improved as a
-Truck-House. And whether the Guilt of that Blood does not lie upon us,
-I leave others to judge.
-
-Now, if we treat the _Natives_ in this Form, will they, can they, live
-with us? Will not the Law of Self-Preservation oblige them to leave us,
-and to go where they may be better used? Some of the _Five Nations_
-plainly speak it out, and say, “We cannot live with the _English_ and
-_Dutch_; they bring us so much Rum, that it destroys us; we must go to
-the _French_, who will let us have but little strong Drink.” Thus we
-alienate the _Indians_ from us, and as it were oblige them to go over
-to the _French_, who are often our Enemies, and fail not to employ them
-against us in Time of War. And if we proceed to deal thus injuriously
-with them, what can we expect but that they will leave us, and be a
-severe Scourge to us?
-
-Tho’ the _Indians_ are sunk below the Dignity of human Nature, and
-their Lust after Drink exposes them to be cheated out of what little
-they have; yet this gives us no Right to deal unjustly by them. They
-have a natural Right to Justice, and may, with great Propriety,
-challenge it at our Hands, seeing we profess to be subject to the Laws
-of _Christ_, which teach us to do _that which is altogether just_.
-And we should be so far from taking the Advantage of their Ignorance,
-Vice and Poverty, to defraud them of what is their just Right, that
-we should rather be moved to Pity, and compassionate their deplorable
-State, and be _Eyes to the Blind_, &c.
-
-I am fully persuaded, that if we were upright and just in all our
-Transactions with them; if our Trade with them was put into the Hands
-of faithful Men, who would deal justly by them; and if they were
-supplied with all Necessaries for themselves and Families at a moderate
-Price, it would not be in the Power of all the _French_ at _Canada_
-(subtle as they are) to alienate them from us. The _French_ are not
-upon equal Ground with us in this Affair. For their Northern Climate is
-much more inhospitable and severe than ours is: Their Country is not so
-productive of those Fruits, which the _Indians_ very much live upon, as
-ours: Nor can they afford Goods which are proper and necessary for the
-_Indians_ at so cheap a Lay as we can: Therefore we can give them those
-Advantages which _Canada_ cannot. We can, without Damage to ourselves,
-make it their Interest to adhere to us: And when Experience has once
-taught them, that their Interest lies with us, they will want no other
-Inducement to engage them to us: Yea, it will not only attach those of
-them to us, who are not yet gone to _Canada_, but it will induce those
-who are, to return to their Brethren, for the Sake of the Profit they
-might reap by it; especially if we give them all the Advantage we can,
-consistent with our own.
-
-As unjust and abusive Treatment of the _Indians_ tends naturally
-to alienate them from us, and to turn them off to the _French_; so
-a Series of just and faithful Dealing with them would be likely to
-attach them to us, and to make them our fast Friends. This again
-appears from the Temper and Conduct of that Part of the _Tribe_ of the
-_River Indians_ who live at _Stockbridge_. For tho’ they were, for
-a considerable Time, extremely jealous, that we had some ill Design
-upon them, even in the Favours they received at our Hands (a Jealousy
-founded, I suppose, upon the ill Usage the _Natives_ have too often
-been the Subjects of) yet by the just Treatment they, for a Course of
-Years, have met with from the _Government_, from Mr. _Sergeant_, Mr.
-_Woodbridge_, and others, they are become our hearty Friends; willing
-to live or die with us, whether in Peace or War.
-
-It is very true, that in order to obtain the End proposed, our Trade
-with the _Indians_ must not be in private Hands. It must not be in the
-Power of every private Person to treat them as he pleases. We may upon
-good Grounds despair of their being treated with Equity and Justice,
-if every one may gratify his avaricious Temper in dealing with them.
-Our Trade therefore must be of a publick Nature, and must be committed
-to the Care and Management of faithful Men: Not to such as will seek
-the Service, and make Friends to procure the Post for them; (certain
-Indications of a Self-seeker) but Men of Uprightness and Integrity must
-be sought out; such, and such only, must be trusted with Business of
-such Importance: Good Instructions must be given them, which must be
-carefully adhered to.
-
-If the _Indian_ Trade at _Canada_ was in private Hands; if every
-private Person there might deal with the _Indians_ at Pleasure, we
-might then hope that those who are gone from us would soon return;
-for, in that Case, it is supposable enough that they would not meet
-with much better Usage there than they do here; tho’ it is scarcely
-supposable that they would meet with much worse. The _French_ Trade
-with the _Indians_ is wholly in the Hands of publick Officers, (it I
-am rightly informed) and a private Man, if he wants a Dear-skin, a
-Beaver-skin, &c. is not allowed to purchase of an _Indian_, but must
-go to the publick Stores. Upon the Supposition that those Officers are
-faithful, and deal justly by the _Indians_, it is surely a wise and
-politick Method to engage them in their Favour. And so long as every
-private Person in the English Government is at Liberty to trade with
-them, when, and where, he pleases, and to cheat them out of what they
-have, what can we expect but that they will repair to _Canada_, where
-they may be better used? Is it not owing to the ill Treatment they
-have met with from the _English_ and _Dutch_, that so many of them are
-gone already? And if no proper Measures are taken to prevent their
-being ill used, will not those who are yet behind soon follow their
-Brethren? Yea, if we furnish them with large Quantities of Rum, make
-them drunk, and then defraud them of what they have, do we not reduce
-them to a Necessity, either of living low and miserable with us, or
-of going from us, that they may fare better? How low, how dispirited,
-how miserable and brutish these few are, who live within our Borders,
-is too manifest. And whether we, by our ill treating of them, have not
-contributed to their Misery, is worthy of our serious Enquiry. Yea,
-would it not be proper for us to enquire, Whether we have not, by our
-Neglect and Abuse of them, provoked Heaven to let loose the Natives
-upon us, who have been one of the sorest Scourges that we were ever
-chastised with? What Multitudes have they, in a most cruel Manner,
-murdered in our Borders? How many of our Neighbours have they led into
-Captivity? Some of whom have been redeemed at a very great Expence,
-and others are become either Pagans or Papists, and continue still in
-a foreign Land. And who can count the Cost we have been at, to defend
-ourselves against their Incursions?
-
-If the British Government should be disposed, in Time to come, to
-set up and maintain a publick, honest and just Trade with the _Five
-Nations_, or any other Tribes, thereby to attach them to us, to promote
-their true Interest, with other valuable Ends, that might thereby
-be answered; this Objection perhaps would arise, _viz._ That such a
-Proceeding will be a very great Expence to the Publick, for our Trade
-cannot be safe, unless it be protected by a considerable Force. A Fort
-must be built, and a Garrison of 50, 60, or perhaps 100 Men, with their
-proper Officers, must be maintained at each Place where the Trade is
-set up; therefore the Advantage would not countervail the Cost. To this
-I reply,
-
-If such Garrisons should be thought necessary in the Places where a
-Trade is set up, to be a Guard to it, the Charge would nothing like
-equal that of an Indian War, which perhaps it might prevent.
-
-But further, I apprehend that the Charge of such Garrisons might be
-spared; and that, instead of being necessary, they would prove very
-injurious to the Design; and that it would be a very wrong Step to be
-taken in that Affair.
-
-All who are in any good Measure acquainted with the _Indians_ know,
-that they are extreamly jealous, lest any Incroachments should be made
-upon them; and it is not strange it should be so, considering what has
-past over them. And if a Number of armed Men were placed among them,
-and Forts built for the Defence of our Trade, they would be suspicious
-that something hostile was intended, and we should not be able to
-remove the Suspicion. They would behold us with a jealous Eye, and
-perhaps take Measures to frustrate the whole Design.
-
-The most effectual Way to induce them to trust us, is to trust them;
-and they will be ready enough to protect our Trade if we desire it, and
-shew that we confide in them to do it. And when a little Experience
-has taught them how advantageous such a Trade would be to them, they
-would be ready enough to do it for their own Advantage. If therefore we
-should desire them to admit a Trader into one of their own Forts, or to
-build a Fort at our Charge in some convenient Place for such a Design,
-and to take Care that our Trade be safe; this would tend to convince
-them, both of our Friendship to, and of our Confidence in, them; and
-they would not only be pleased with it, but also ambitious to shew
-us that we may safely trust them: And were I to be the Truck-Master,
-I should esteem myself much safer in their Protection, than in a
-Garrison of 100 _English_ Men: For if such a Garrison should be placed
-among them, they themselves would suspect some ill Design carrying on
-against them; and the _French_ would infallibly tell them, that tho’
-we pretended Peace and Friendship, yet our Design in the End is to
-dispossess them of their _Country_.
-
-If indeed a Truck-Master should prove an unfaithful Servant, and enrich
-himself by defrauding them, he might have Occasion for _English_
-Soldiers to protect him and his Stores; but if they found him faithful,
-friendly and just in his Dealings with them, they would be as careful
-of him as of their own Eyes, and venture their own Lives for him. What
-would not the _Indians_ of _Stockbridge_ have done for Mr. _Sergeant_
-in his Day, whom they had found to be their true and hearty Friend? And
-what would they not now do for Mr. _Woodbridge_, of whom the have had
-the like Experience? _Indians_ will be as ready as the _English_, and
-perhaps much more so, to serve and protect, if there be Occasion, those
-whom they have found to be their faithful and real Friends.
-
-In a Word, I apprehend, that if we had in Times past treated the
-Natives according to the Rules of Equity and Justice, it would have
-been quite sufficient to have engaged them in our Interest, and to
-have kept them in Amity and Friendship with us; and that, even now,
-they might in a little Time be attached to us, by such Treatment: But
-this, I confess, I despair of, if every private Person must be left at
-his Liberty to treat them as he pleases, and to defraud them of all
-they have; which I take to be the Case in _New-York_ Government, who
-lie next to the _Five Nations_, and have their Trade; tho’ in this
-_Province_ we have good Laws in Force to restrain private Persons from
-selling them strong Drink.
-
-2. We should also exercise that Kindness and Generosity towards
-them, that shall convince them that it is for their Interest to be
-in Friendship with us. We should not, in a Case of such Importance,
-content ourselves with being barely just in our Treatment of them, but
-we should also be kind and generous, as a proper Expedient to obtain
-the End proposed. I am aware, I shall here be quickly interrupted with
-this Exclamation;
-
-What! _kind_ and _generous_ to such an ungrateful evil Crew! To which
-I shall only answer, We have good Authority for being _kind to the
-Unthankful, and to the Evil_. And if that good Being who recommends
-it to us, had not given an Example of it, in his Dealings with us,
-how deplorable had our State been? This kind Temper and Behaviour is
-recommended to us in the Gospel, not only because it is the Will of our
-heavenly Father that we should be kind, but also because the Exercise
-of it answers excellent Ends; produces very good and desirable Effects;
-such as Love, Friendship, Peace, &c. And while we make a Profession of
-Christianity, it is Pity the Practice of it, in so material an Article,
-should be objected against. And is it not very proper that we should
-exercise Kindness and Generosity to the poor Natives, when there is a
-strong Probability of its being of very happy Consequence both to them
-and us?
-
-A great deal of Kindness and Generosity has been exercised towards
-the River _Indians_ at _Housatunnuk_, by this _Government_, by the
-honourable _Corporation_ at Home, by their honourable and reverend
-_Commissioners_ at _Boston_, by the Rev. Mr. _Hollis_, by the Rev. Mr.
-_Sergeant_, Mr. _Woodbridge_, and others; and the Consequence has been
-very happy as to them; they are brought to the Knowledge of the Gospel,
-and to a Christian Profession; and many of them, we hope, to the saving
-Knowledge of God. We also have found the Benefit of this kind Usage of
-them; for thereby they are become our hearty Friends, are united to us
-in their Affections, and were a Means, in the Hand of Providence, of
-covering our most Western Frontiers the last War. And were the like
-Kindness shewn by us to other Tribes, is there not Room to hope that
-the Effects might be alike happy? If Townships, suitable for _Indians_
-to settle in, were provided in our Frontiers, and it were proposed
-to them, that if they would come and settle in them, they should not
-only enjoy the Land as their own, but also have a Minister supported
-among them to instruct them in the Christian Religion; and also a
-School-Master to teach their Children to read and write; would not this
-induce many of them, especially of the better Sort, to come and settle
-in our Borders? And would they not cover our Frontiers in case of a
-War with _France_?
-
-What has been done for the _Indians_ at _Stockbridge_, has doubtless
-been much observed and approved of by the _Natives_ far and near. That
-there is a School set up at _Canada_, in Imitation of Mr. _Sergeant_’s
-School at _Stockbridge_, and a large Number of Scholars in it, we have
-heard and receive for Truth. That the _French_, who esteem Ignorance to
-be the Mother of Devotion, and do not desire to teach the _Indians_ any
-Thing more than to say their Beads, and to cross themselves, have done
-this out of Choice, is not at all likely. They do not desire that their
-_Indians_ should become a knowing People. But yet, being sensible that
-the Report of Mr. _Sergeant_’s School had spread itself far and wide,
-and that their _Indians_ were pleased with the Method the _English_ had
-taken to furnish the _Natives_ with Knowledge, they apprehended, that
-unless something like it were done among them, there would be Danger
-of the _Indians_ repairing to us for Instruction, and to prevent this,
-and to engage them to themselves, they set up their School. This, I
-conjecture, is the Truth of the Case. And if so, it is manifest that
-the _Indians_ are inclined to seek after Knowledge; and therefore would
-be disposed to hearken to such kind and generous Proposals, if they
-were made to them. And who can tell but that this, that, or the other
-Tribe, would gladly settle such Towns, if they were invited to it in a
-proper Manner?
-
-3. Another Step, and perhaps the most promising one we can take, to
-engage the _Indians_ in Friendship with us is, to send Missionaries
-among their respective Tribes, Ministers and Schoolmasters, to instruct
-them in the Principles, and to persuade them to the Practice of
-Christianity. Tho’ they have so long lived near us, and been conversant
-with us, yet they remain ignorant of the Way of Salvation, Strangers
-to the Gospel, and are perishing for lack of Knowledge: A Case that
-might well move our Pity and Compassion towards them, and put us upon
-doing what we can for their Relief. And whether our former Neglect of
-Things of this Nature has not been provoking to Heaven, may be worthy
-of our serious Enquiry.
-
-The Interest the Rev. Mr. _Barclay_ had in the _Mohawks_, while he was
-with them, the Reformation of Manners he wrought among them, their
-Willingness to receive Instruction, and their Engagedness to prosecute
-Learning, are a plain Indication that faithful Missionaries would be
-welcome to them. And the _Five Nations_ being nearest us, and their
-Friendship of very great Consequence, it might be proper to begin with
-them: And what has been done among them by Mr. _Barclay_ and others,
-might be no small Help in the Case. If we should send Persons well
-qualified for the Business to reside among them, and support them well,
-there would be no Foundation for any Jealousy that we have an ill
-Design upon them, and if at any time such Jealousies should arise, they
-would soon subside, upon the _Indians_ having a little Experience of
-our Kindness and Friendship to them. The prudent Conduct and faithful
-Labours of such Missionaries might, by the Blessing of God, serve to
-remove their Barbarity, correct their Manners, reform their Lives,
-promote in them virtuous Sentiments, and by Degrees form them to true
-Religion. This we may hope would be the happy Event, with Respect to
-many of them, tho’ not to all; and if, by much Labour and Expence, it
-might be brought to pass, should we not find our Account in it; for
-what would be the Charge of supporting a few Missionaries, compared
-with that of an _Indian_ War? And is there not great Probability that
-such Measures would in a few Years Time attach them to us in a hearty
-Friendship? And if the _Five Nations_, who are a Terror to, and have in
-great Measure the Command of, other Tribes, were indeed our Friends,
-and made so by such Obligations laid upon them, would it not be an
-effectual Means of restraining other _Indians_ from giving us Trouble
-in case of a War?
-
-The general Objection here, I am sensible, will be;--There is no
-Likelihood of succeeding, and therefore it is not worth While to make
-any Trial; it would only be to spend Labour and Money to no good
-Purpose. To which I reply,
-
-How can we draw the Conclusion before we have made the Experiment? Have
-we ever made any proper Trial, and found ourselves disappointed? And
-can it be looked upon just to draw such a Conclusion, in a Case of such
-Importance, unless we had better Grounds for it?
-
-It is true, Mr. _Sergeant_ made a Visit to the _Susquehanna Indians_,
-Mr. _Brainard_ also, in his Day, did the same, without Success; but we
-know that the Excuse those _Indians_ made was, that they held their
-Lands of the _Five Nations_, and therefore could not comply with such
-a Motion, till their Consent was first obtained. And besides, shall
-we esteem two or three Visits made by private Persons a sufficient
-Trial in this Case? Sufficient indeed it was to shew that those good
-Gentlemen were possest of an excellent Spirit, and of a laudable Zeal
-for the Good of the poor Natives; but yet I apprehend not sufficient to
-discourage further Attempts. If those Gentlemen, who went in a private
-Capacity, had sustained a publick Character, perhaps they had been more
-regarded. But however, when we have used our best Endeavours, and they
-indeed prove unsuccessful, we may be excusable; but can we look upon
-ourselves so, if we sit still, and use no Endeavours for the Help of
-those poor benighted People?
-
-If proper Attempts should be made for Christianizing the _Five
-Nations_, there would, I am sensible, some notable Difficulties lie in
-the Way, but yet perhaps none but what might be surmounted.
-
-One Difficulty that would doubtless attend such a laudable Undertaking,
-would arise from those who maintain a private Trade among them, from
-which they reap great Gain; especially by the Article of Rum, too
-much of which they convey to them, and by the Influence of which the
-_Indians_ are easily defrauded.
-
-These Traders would be very sensible, that if Christianity should
-prevail among those _Nations_, the _Hope of their Gain_ would be
-_gone_, and _seeing by this Craft they have their Wealth_, they would
-use their utmost Endeavours to dissuade the _Indians_ from embracing
-the Ways of Religion. They in Fact did so at _Housatunnuk_, where the
-Number of _Indians_ was small, and their Trade not so considerable.
-How much more then will they do it, if Endeavours should be used to
-convert the _Mohawks_, whose Trade is vastly more advantageous? But as
-the _Indians_ at _Housatunnuk_, by Mr. _Sergeant_’s Help, saw thro’ the
-Artifice they used, and were made sensible of the selfish Views of the
-Traders, so doubtless the _Five Nations_ may easily be informed, and
-the Obstruction soon removed.
-
-Another Difficulty will arise from the false Insinuations of _Romish_
-Emissaries, who will not fail to tell them, that we are about to
-teach them a false Religion, and if they hearken to us, they will all
-certainly be damned. But when those _Indians_ are properly informed of
-the Conduct of the _French_, and other Roman Catholicks, how they deny
-the Use of the Bible to the common People among themselves, and that
-they have no Design to acquaint the _Indians_ with the Word of God:
-And on the other Hand, that our Design is not to impose upon them, but
-to open the Bible to them, to enable them to read it, and to judge for
-themselves; will not this satisfy them of our honest Intentions towards
-them, and of the Safety and Propriety of their examining Things, that
-they may form a Judgment for themselves?
-
-A third, and perhaps much the greatest Difficulty that would attend
-this good Design is, that those _Indians_ esteem themselves Christians
-already, and value themselves upon their being as good Christians as
-their Neighbours. Mr. _Sergeant_, in his Journal of _November_ 25,
-1734, says,--‘The _Mohawks_ are generally Professors of Christianity,
-but for want of Instruction have but little of it in Reality.--’
-They are so ignorant of the Principles of Religion, that they know
-not the Difference between one who is baptized, and calls himself a
-Christian, and one who lives agreeably to the Rules Christ has given us
-to walk by. They are not sensible of the Necessity of being conformed
-to those Rules of Virtue and Holiness which Christ has prescribed.
-_Romish_ Emissaries have baptized some of them, others (as I have been
-informed) have been baptized by _Dutch_ Ministers; and they esteem
-it a Privilege belonging to them to have their Children baptized,
-whenever they present them, without any Regard being had, either to
-the Qualifications of the Parent, or the religious Education of the
-Child. When the Rev. Mr. _Spencer_ was among them a few Years ago, they
-were much displeased that he declined baptizing some Children, whose
-Parents were notoriously ignorant, vicious and wicked. Some _Indians_
-from _Canada_, who had an _English_ Woman to their Mother, came a few
-Years past to _Westfield_ to visit their _English_ Relations there,
-and while they staid at that Place, they had a Child born, and were
-much offended with the Rev. Mr. _Balantine_, who declined baptizing
-of it, as they desired. Since the Rev. Mr. _Edwards_ has been at
-_Stockbridge_, one of the _Mohawks_ residing there had a Child born,
-and was highly affronted because Mr. _Edwards_ did not baptize it upon
-his Desire. From these Instances it is evident, that they account their
-Children have Right to Baptism, whenever they desire it. And being
-baptized, they esteem them good Christians, whatever their Conversation
-may be; for they derive their Notions of Christianity, not from the
-Bible (to which they are Strangers) but from the Example of the _Dutch_
-and _French_, with whom they are conversant, and who profess themselves
-to be Christians.
-
-And so far forth as being baptized, in the forementioned Manner, and
-calling themselves Christians will make them so, they are so to be
-esteemed. Now these Things being so, it may prove a difficult Thing
-to make them sensible, that Drunkenness, and other vicious Practices,
-are inconsistent with Christianity; because those Christians, who fall
-under their Observation, give them an Example of Vice, and go such
-Lengths therein.
-
-But yet I apprehend this Difficulty might also be removed, by giving
-them a just and true Account of the Nature and Extent of the Christian
-Religion, by informing them what the Will of _Christ_ is; how he
-expects that we should be conformed to his Likeness, and to his Laws.
-The _Indians_ are as capable of hearing Reasons, and giving them
-their Weight, as other Men; and it is because they know not what
-Christianity is, that they esteem themselves Christians, in their
-present Circumstances. When they are made acquainted with the Terms of
-Salvation, proposed in the Gospel, and what they must do that they may
-inherit eternal Life; when they are well instructed in the Doctrines of
-_Christ_, they will be sensible that the Religion which they now have,
-is little or nothing like that which is taught by the Gospel. When Mr.
-_Edwards_ refused to baptize a _Mohawk_ Child born at _Stockbridge_
-(which I have before mentioned) and they were very much displeased with
-him on that Account, he went to them, gave them the Reasons of his
-Conduct, and informed them as clearly as he was able, of the Nature
-and End of Baptism: Those _Indians_ received the Force of his Reasons,
-and appeared to be satisfied and contented, when he had taken Pains to
-inform them. And I doubt not but proper Instruction and Information
-would remove the Difficulty I have been speaking of.
-
-Tho’ Christianizing those _Indians_ may prove a difficult Work, yet if
-our Endeavours might, by the divine Blessing, be succeeded, would not
-the Advantage thence arising to them, and us, more than compensate the
-Pains and Expence we should be at? And is there not so much Ground to
-hope for Success, as should induce us to make the Experiment?
-
-I shall now conclude, by briefly suggesting a few Things, not yet
-mentioned, the serious Consideration of which may excite us to use our
-best Endeavours for the Conversion of the neighbouring _Indians_ to the
-Christian Faith.
-
-1. And in the first Place, should not the Consideration of the divine
-Bounty and Goodness, bestowed upon us, excite us to employ Part of that
-undeserved Goodness to promote the Knowledge of God, our bountiful
-Benefactor, among those who are destitute of it? Thro’ the undeserved
-Favour and Blessing of God, we have been prosperous in our secular
-Affairs, succeeded in our Husbandry, Trade, &c. and are become a
-wealthy People: And, were we as willing as we are able, might we not
-spare large Sums for the Propagation of the Gospel among the Heathen?
-Ought we not then to shew our Gratitude to the glorious Author of
-all our Comforts, by employing a Part of his Bounty to promote the
-Redeemer’s Kingdom? Is it not fit that we should thus _honour the Lord
-with our Substance_? Does it not lie as a Reproach upon us, who make
-an high Profession, that we expend so little to promote the Knowledge
-of God among the _Natives_, and so much to ill Purposes? Were what we
-employ in unnecessary Expences, by which Pride and Luxury are indulged
-and nourished, employed in the laudable Method I am recommending; would
-it not be sufficient well to support a Multitude of Missionaries among
-the neighbouring Tribes? Would it not probably be a Means of turning
-many of them _from the Power of Satan to God_? And would it not be
-_an Odour of a sweet Smell, a Sacrifice acceptable, well pleasing to
-God_[1]? And seeing God, by his Blessings, has enabled us to contribute
-to such a good Design, should we not chearfully give of our Substance,
-for the spiritual Benefit of the perishing Heathen?
-
-2. Should not the Light and Grace of the Gospel, which we, thro’ divine
-Goodness enjoy, be a stronger Argument still to excite us to endeavour
-the Conversion of the Heathen?
-
-A few Generations back we were in a State of Heathenism, as they
-now are: _Aliens from the Commonwealth of Israel--and without God
-in the World_[2]. But, thro’ divine Goodness, _the Day-spring from
-on High has visited us_, and we enjoy the Light and Privileges of
-the Gospel-Dispensation. Seeing then God has had Compassion on us,
-and bestowed upon us those richest Blessings, ought we not to have
-Compassion on the neighbouring Heathen, and use our best Endeavours
-that they also may be made Partakers of the Light and Blessings of the
-Gospel?
-
-3. Should we not be moved to such charitable Endeavours from the
-Consideration of the wretched and forlorn Circumstances, in which the
-poor _Natives_ appear before our Eyes? We often behold those piteous
-Objects, appearing half naked, and almost starved; which is the Effect
-of their vicious Way of Living. We see them also in the Depths of
-Ignorance and Barbarity; wholly unacquainted with the Way of Salvation,
-and quite unconcerned for their eternal Good: And yet their Powers,
-both of Body and Mind, are not inferior to our own. Were they brought
-to Civility and Industry, they might stand upon equal Ground with us,
-respecting the Comforts of Life; and were they instructed in divine
-Things, made acquainted with the great and important Truths of the
-Gospel, they might stand as fair for the Kingdom of Heaven as we do.
-Should not our Eyes therefore affect our Hearts, when we behold them
-in such miserable Circumstances? And should we not exert ourselves in
-all proper Ways for their Help? Did the Wounds of the poor Man _half
-dead_, who _fell among Thieves_, plead with so much Eloquence for
-human Compassion, as the unhappy State of the poor _Natives_ does for
-Christian Charity? And if the Compassion of a _Samaritan_ was moved by
-the former, how much more should the Bowels of a _Christian_ be moved
-by the latter?
-
-4. The noble Example of some generous and pious Persons, at Home, may
-well excite us to liberal Contributions for the Benefit of the poor
-Heathen.
-
-Not only publick Societies, but also private Persons, in
-_Great-Britain_, have generously and liberally contributed for the
-Benefit of the _Natives_, in this distant Part of the World. Tho’
-they are at 3000 Miles Distance, and never beheld, as we do, those
-miserable Objects; yet, from a truly pious and generous Spirit, they
-have sent over their liberal Contributions, that the Heathen, by their
-Means, may be informed in the Way of Life. _Verily, they shall not
-lose their Reward._ A noble Example they set before us, most worthy
-our Imitation: And how can we excuse ourselves, if we neglect to copy
-after it? Some indeed may plead their Inability, but this is not the
-Case of all. Are there not among us many wealthy Merchants and Traders?
-Are there not also many Farmers, who abound in Wealth, upon the Lands
-which were, a few Years ago, the Property of the _Indians_, who now
-stand in Need of their Charity? Should not such Persons be moved, by
-the generous Examples of others, to help forward the noble Design of
-converting the Heathen? Yea, are not the People in general able to do
-something to help forward so good a Design? And will it not lie as a
-Reproach upon us, if we, who make a high Profession of Religion, prove
-void of Charity, when we are so loudly called to the Exercise of it,
-not only by the laudable Example of generous Benefactors at Home; but
-also by the perishing Circumstances of the neighbouring _Indians_?
-
-I shall only add my hearty Wishes, that this _American_ Continent,
-which, for Ages unknown, has been a Seat of Darkness, and _full of
-the Habitations of Cruelty_, may become a Scene of Light and Love;
-that the Heathen in it, who have been wont to thirst after Blood,
-may _hunger and thirst after Righteousness; That the Wilderness and
-solitary Place may be glad for them, the Desart rejoice and blossom
-as the Rose;----That the Glory of_ Lebanon _may be given unto it, the
-Excellency of_ Carmel _and_ Sharon; _That they may see the Glory of the
-Lord, and the Excellency of our God_[3].
-
-_FINIS._
-
-
-FOOTNOTES:
-
-[1] Phil. iv. 18.
-
-[2] Ephes. ii. 12.
-
-[3] Isaiah xxxv. 1, 2.
-
-       *       *       *       *       *
-
-Transcriber’s Notes:
-
-Footnotes have been moved to the end of the text and relabeled
-consecutively through the document.
-
-Punctuation has been made consistent.
-
-Variations in spelling and hyphenation were retained as they appear in
-the original publication, except that obvious typographical errors have
-been corrected.
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-<div style='text-align:center; font-size:1.2em; font-weight:bold'>The Project Gutenberg eBook of An Address to the People of New-England, by Samuel Hopkins</div>
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-This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and
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-country where you are located before using this eBook.
-</div>
-
-<p style='display:block; margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:1em; margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em'>Title: An Address to the People of New-England</p>
-
-<div style='display:block; margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:1em; margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em'>Author: Samuel Hopkins</div>
-
-<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'>Release Date: September 6, 2021 [eBook #66230]</div>
-
-<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'>Language: English</div>
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-<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'>Character set encoding: UTF-8</div>
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-<div style='display:block; margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em'>Produced by: Sonya Schermann, Craig Kirkwood, and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images generously made available by The Internet Archive)</div>
-
-<div style='margin-top:2em; margin-bottom:4em'>*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK AN ADDRESS TO THE PEOPLE OF NEW-ENGLAND ***</div>
-
-<div class="figcenter illowp38" style="max-width: 40.625em;">
-  <img class="w100" src="images/title.jpg" alt="Title page." />
-</div>
-
-<hr class="tb x-ebookmaker-drop" />
-
-<div class="chapter">
-<h1 class="nobreak" style="line-height:1.25"><span class="largefont">AN</span><br />
-ADDRESS<br />
-<span class="largefont" style="position:relative; top:-0.25em">TO THE</span><br />
-People of <em>New-England</em>.</h1>
-</div>
-
-<div class="boxit">
-<p class="center">REPRESENTING</p>
-
-<p class="hangindent p1">The very great <span class="smcap">Importance</span> of attaching the
-<span class="spreadit">INDIANS</span> to their Interest; not only by
-treating them justly and kindly; but by using proper
-Endeavours to settle <em>Christianity</em> among them.</p>
-
-<hr class="title" />
-
-<p class="center">By <em><span class="spreadit">SAMUEL HOPKINS</span></em>, A. M.<br />
-<span class="smcap">Pastor</span> <em>of a Church in</em> Springfield.</p>
-
-<hr class="title" />
-
-<p class="smallfont"><em>I perceive that <span class="spreadit">GOD</span> is no Respecter of Persons: But in
-every Nation, he that feareth him, and worketh Righteousness, is
-accepted with him.</em></p>
-
-<p class="ir1 pminus1 smallfont">Apostle <span class="smcap">Peter</span>.</p>
-
-<hr class="title" />
-
-<p class="hangindent">Printed in <em>Boston</em>, 1753. Being a Conclusion to the
-<em>Historical Memoirs</em> relating to the <em>Housatunnuk</em> <span class="smcap">Indians</span>;
-with an Account of the Methods used for the
-Propagation of the Gospel amongst the said <em>Indians</em>, by
-the late reverend Mr. <span class="smcap">John Sergeant</span>.</p>
-
-<p class="center smallfont p1">Now recommended to the serious Consideration of the Inhabitants
-of <em>Pennsylvania</em>, and the other Colonies.</p>
-
-<hr class="title" />
-
-<hr class="title" />
-
-<p class="center"><em><span class="spreadit">PHILADELPHIA</span></em>:<br />
-Reprinted by <span class="smcap">B. Franklin</span>, and <span class="smcap">D. Hall</span>. 1757.
-</p>
-</div>
-
-<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" />
-
-<div class="chapter">
-<p><span class="pagenum">[3]</span></p>
-
-<h2 class="nobreak"><span class="largefont" style="line-height:1.5">AN</span><br />
-ADDRESS, <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">&amp;c.</i></h2>
-</div>
-
-
-<p class="dropcap">My Design in this Address is to represent,
-to the People in this Country, the very
-great Importance of treating the <em>Indians</em>,
-who live among us, and upon our
-Borders, in a just, kind and charitable Manner; and
-that we do, by all proper Means and Methods, endeavour
-to attach them to us, and to the <em>British</em> Interest.
-This, I apprehend, is a Subject that has been too
-much neglected, and that greatly wants to be set in
-a clear and just Light. And I sincerely wish that
-some Gentleman of greater Abilities and Address
-than I can pretend to, would take it in Hand: Tho’
-if my weak Endeavours may be a Means of moving
-others to do Justice to a Subject of such Weight,
-I shall heartily rejoice in it.</p>
-
-<p>That I may offer what I have to say in the clearest
-and most concise Manner I can, I shall go into
-the following Method.</p>
-
-<p><em>First</em>, I shall endeavour to shew, that it is of vast
-Importance to the <em>British Provinces</em> and <em>Colonies</em> in
-<em>America</em>, especially to the Provinces of the <em>Massachusetts</em>,
-<em>New-York</em>, and <em>New-Hampshire</em>, that they
-be in good Terms with the <em>Indians</em>, and attach
-them to their Interest. And,</p>
-
-<p><em>Secondly</em>, I shall endeavour to shew, by what
-<em>Means</em> this may be effected: Or what are the most
-likely Methods to bring it to pass.</p>
-
-<p><span class="pagenum">[4]</span></p>
-
-<p>1. I am to shew, that it is of vast Importance,
-that we be in good Terms with the <em>Natives</em>; and
-that we engage them in our Interest. I freely grant,
-that the <em>Indians</em>, simply considered, are not of such
-great Consequence to us. We can subsist without
-them. But yet, their Trade is a considerable Article,
-worthy the Care of any politick People, and
-managed as it might, and ought to be, would yield
-us great Profit. But if we consider them with Relation
-to <em>Peace</em> and <em>War</em>, as attached to us, or to
-our <em>Enemies</em>, they are of the last Importance to us;
-for they certainly have the Ballance of Power in their
-Hands, and are able to turn it for or against us, according
-as they stand affected to us. <em>Canada</em>, inconsiderable
-as it is, and from which, separate from
-the <em>Indians</em>, we have little or nothing to fear in
-Time of War; <em>Canada</em>, I say, would be more than
-a Match for us, in case they join with them against
-us. He must be a great Stranger to, and very ignorant
-of, the Circumstances both of the <em>English</em> and
-<em>Indians</em>, who is not sensible of this. Our Circumstances
-are such, that we cannot guard ourselves
-against the Incursions of such Enemies in Time of
-War; for our <em>Frontiers</em> are of vast Extent, and
-border upon the adjacent Wilderness; which, tho’
-almost inaccessible to us, yet is the very Element in
-which they delight to live. They are at Home in
-it. The People therefore who inhabit our Frontiers,
-while they follow their necessary Business, are exposed
-to be an easy Prey to them; and many of them have
-been surpriz’d in their Fields and Houses, and in a
-most barbarous Manner put to Death. A small
-Number of <em>Indians</em>, encouraged and supported by the
-<em>French</em> (which they are ready enough to do) can
-easily keep us in a constant Alarm, put us to an
-immense Charge, destroy many, and impoverish
-more, in our exposed Places, and not put themselves<span class="pagenum">[5]</span>
-at all out of their Way; yea, find their Account
-in it; for as they live by Hunting, so where Game
-is most plenty they are best off: And where can they
-find a better Supply, than among our Cattle, Sheep,
-and Corn-Fields? There they live at Ease, distress
-and impoverish us, and the adjacent Wilderness is
-their Refuge. By retiring into it, they are soon out
-of our Reach; and long Experience has taught us
-how ineffectual the Measures we have taken for our
-Safety and Defence have proved.</p>
-
-<p>Some, I am sensible, will say, let us not be at
-any Cost and Pains to gain the Friendship of such
-a perfidious Crew, but let us destroy them all.
-Quickly said indeed, but not so soon nor so easily
-effected. Those Persons who are for destroying
-them would doubtless soon do it, were they first
-bound and delivered up to them. But one Question
-here is, how we shall get them into our Power?
-And another is, Whether it would be so humane,
-generous and Christian-like, to take away
-their Lives, were that in our Power, as it would be
-to cultivate Friendship with them, and to seek their
-best Good? If we should be so sanguine as to endeavour
-to destroy them, it would doubtless prove
-a vain Attempt; and serve only to drive them to
-the <em>French</em>, who would be very ready to receive and
-protect them. If we neglect them, and take no
-Measures to engage them in our Interest, or to cultivate
-Friendship with them, this will probably render
-them indifferent to us, and dispose them to
-hearken to the enticing Insinuations of <em>Romish</em> Emissaries;
-and our Situation must be very unhappy,
-when they become engaged in the <em>French</em> Interest.</p>
-
-<p>If it be objected, that the <em>French</em> have already
-gained a large Number of <em>Indians</em> to their Interest,
-and therefore if we use our best Endeavours to
-gain others, it will avail nothing; for those who are<span class="pagenum">[6]</span>
-devoted to the <em>French</em>, will nevertheless distress us
-in Time of War. I reply,</p>
-
-<p>It is very true, that the <em>French</em> of <em>Canada</em>, thro’
-their Policy and Vigilance, have taken the Advantage
-of our Neglect, and gained a large Number
-of the <em>Natives</em> to their Interest, and are gaining
-more and more every Year; and some even from
-among our own <em>Indians</em>. They spare neither Cost
-nor Pains to accomplish their Designs of this Nature,
-being sensible enough how advantageous it is
-to them, and how injurious to us; and if they continue
-to be active, and we negligent, as in Times
-past, is it not too probable that they will, in a little
-Time, attach to themselves all the <em>Indians</em> in
-<em>North-America</em>? Does it not then concern us to
-use proper and vigorous Endeavours to prevent this
-apparent Mischief, by counter-working the <em>French</em>?
-who are, I suppose, tampering with all the Tribes of
-<em>North-America</em>, to engage them in their Interest.
-And should we succeed in our Endeavours (as it is
-highly probable we might, if proper Steps were
-taken) so as to engage the <em>Five Nations</em>, and some
-other Tribes, in hearty Friendship with us; and
-especially if we should bestow such Favours upon
-them, as would induce them to settle upon our
-Frontiers; it would in all Probability prevent the
-Evil spoken of in the Objection; for the <em>Indians</em>
-from <em>Canada</em> would not molest us, if a Number of
-the Natives, in hearty Friendship with us, were
-placed in our Borders. Of this we have had a very
-plain Proof the last War, in the Safety of <em>Stockbridge</em>,
-and the adjacent Places, from any Attempts
-of the Enemy from <em>Canada</em>.</p>
-
-<p><em>Stockbridge</em> is in the very Road of, and more exposed
-to, the <em>Indians</em> from <em>Canada</em>, than any other
-Place whatever; and yet we see that the Enemy
-turned off East to <em>Connecticut-River</em>, and West to<span class="pagenum">[7]</span>
-the <em>Dutch</em> Settlements, where they did much Mischief;
-while <em>Stockbridge</em>, <em>Sheffield</em>, <em>New-Marlborough</em>,
-and <em>Number One</em>, tho’ more exposed, were not molested.
-This, so far as we can discern, was owing
-to a small Number of <em>Indians</em> dwelling at <em>Stockbridge</em>,
-who are our hearty and fast Friends; which
-the Enemy being sensible of, cared not to come
-within their Reach, lest they should be taken in
-their own Snare. And if we should encourage
-the Settlement of other <em>Indian</em> Towns upon our
-Frontiers, where Hunting is most handy to them, as
-<em>Stockbridge</em> has been encouraged; should we give
-them Townships of Land suitable for their Improvement,
-build a Meeting-House and School-House in
-each Town, and support Ministers and School-Masters
-in them; would not this convince them that
-we are their true Friends, and seek their Good?
-Would it not induce them to settle in our Borders?
-especially those of them who are desirous that they
-themselves and their Children should be instructed?
-Would they not be a Guard to us in Time of War?
-And if, after all, we should meet with some Trouble
-from the <em>Indians</em> of <em>Canada</em>, might it not be effectually
-prevented, by playing our <em>Indians</em> upon
-them, as they do theirs upon us? And would not
-the Charge of all this be a Trifle, compared with
-that of defending ourselves in Time of War? But
-if we neglect them, and take no Measures to cultivate
-Friendship with them, and especially if we deal
-injuriously by them, shall we not put an Advantage
-into the Hands of the <em>French</em> (which they will not
-fail of improving) to engage them in their Interest,
-and to employ them against us in Time of War?
-which would prove a very great Calamity to us, if
-not our utter Ruin. These Things considered, is it
-not of very great Importance, that we be at good
-Terms with the neighbouring <em>Natives</em>?</p>
-
-<p><span class="pagenum">[8]</span></p>
-
-<p>2. I will, in the next Place, endeavour to shew
-what are the likely <em>Methods</em> to bring this to pass:
-Or what Measures we must take with the <em>Indians</em>,
-if we would engage them in hearty Friendship with
-us.</p>
-
-<p>And here, in general, our Conduct towards them
-must be such as shall make them sensible that we are
-indeed their hearty Friends; and such also as shall
-convince them that it is their Interest and Advantage
-to be in Friendship with us. Nothing short of
-this, I apprehend, will attach them to us, so as to
-answer the Ends proposed. If we often treat with
-them, renew the Friendship, and bestow upon them
-large Presents: Or, as they phrase it, Smoke together,
-brighten the Chain, or put the Brands together,
-to kindle up the former Fire; and yet leave
-Room for them to suppose that this proceeds not from
-true Friendship, but rather from Fear of them, or
-from Suspicion that they will join with our Enemies,
-&amp;c. this will never be sufficient to engage them;
-the utmost we can rationally expect from it is, that
-they will not openly break with us, but keep up a
-Shew of Friendship, that they may have the Benefit
-of future Presents at our Hands.</p>
-
-<p>Again, if we should by any Means convince them
-that we are their true Friends, and yet not go into
-such Measures with them as should turn to their <em>Advantage</em>,
-they would hardly be engaged for us. As
-all other People are governed by <em>Interest</em>, so are
-they. And the principal Handle we can take hold
-of, to attach them to us by, is their <em>Interest</em>, and
-that would not fail of doing it. If a Tribe of
-<em>Indians</em> can sell their Skins to us for <em>Twenty Shillings</em>,
-and buy their Blankets for <em>Ten Shillings</em>; they will
-never go to <em>Canada</em> where they must sell their Skins
-for <em>Ten Shillings</em>, and give <em>Twenty Shillings</em> for a Blanket.
-Convince them that it is much for their Interest<span class="pagenum">[9]</span>
-and Advantage to be our Friends and Allies, and we
-need not fear but that they will be so. Now, in order
-to convince them that we are truly their Friends,
-and that it is their Interest to be ours, we must,</p>
-
-<p>In the first Place, treat them according to the
-Rules of Equity and Justice. We must not defraud
-and oppress them, but be honest and just in our
-Dealings with them.</p>
-
-<p>The Natives, with whom we have to do, are Persons
-of so much Sagacity, that they can distinguish
-between just and injurious Treatment, as well as
-other Men. They are also as ready to resent, and
-perhaps more forward to revenge Injuries, than any
-other People under Heaven. If therefore we treat
-them in an unjust Manner, we may rationally expect
-that they will be so far from being our Friends, that
-they will join with our Enemies, and seek Opportunities
-of Revenge.</p>
-
-<p>It is well known, that the <em>Indians</em> are generally
-addicted to Drunkenness, and that when they have
-tasted a little Liquor, they have a strong Thirst for
-more, and will part with any Thing they have, for
-a sufficient Quantity to make them drunk.&mdash;&mdash;And
-is it not as well known, that we have taken the Advantage
-of this their vicious Appetite, and for a few
-Quarts of Rum have purchased valuable Effects of
-them? Have not private Persons thus made their
-Gains of them, notwithstanding the good Laws
-that have been in Force to prevent it? And is not
-this the Manner of all private Traders, who go
-among their several Tribes for Gain?</p>
-
-<p>In our publick Dealings with them at our Truck-Houses,
-where Rum has been freely sold them,
-Care has been taken that they should not be cheated,
-but that they should have the full Value of what
-they had to sell: An Indian therefore, who was
-Owner of a Pack of Beaver, Deerskins, or any other<span class="pagenum">[10]</span>
-valuable Goods, could buy a large Quantity of
-Rum, and might get drunk perhaps ten times, or
-more; whereas, if he had fallen into private Hands,
-he must have contented himself with being drunk
-but once or twice. Which of these proves most injurious
-to <em>Indians</em> in the End, I shall not pretend
-to determine.</p>
-
-<p>When they are thus intoxicated, they fall out among
-themselves, fight, and sometimes kill, one
-another, and some have drunk themselves dead on
-the Spot. An Instance of each of these there has
-been, if I am rightly informed, at <em>Fort Dummer</em>,
-since that has been improved as a Truck-House.
-And whether the Guilt of that Blood does not lie
-upon us, I leave others to judge.</p>
-
-<p>Now, if we treat the <em>Natives</em> in this Form, will
-they, can they, live with us? Will not the Law of
-Self-Preservation oblige them to leave us, and to go
-where they may be better used? Some of the <em>Five
-Nations</em> plainly speak it out, and say, “We cannot
-live with the <em>English</em> and <em>Dutch</em>; they bring us so
-much Rum, that it destroys us; we must go to the
-<em>French</em>, who will let us have but little strong Drink.”
-Thus we alienate the <em>Indians</em> from us, and as it
-were oblige them to go over to the <em>French</em>, who are
-often our Enemies, and fail not to employ them against
-us in Time of War. And if we proceed to
-deal thus injuriously with them, what can we expect
-but that they will leave us, and be a severe Scourge
-to us?</p>
-
-<p>Tho’ the <em>Indians</em> are sunk below the Dignity of
-human Nature, and their Lust after Drink exposes
-them to be cheated out of what little they have; yet
-this gives us no Right to deal unjustly by them.
-They have a natural Right to Justice, and may,
-with great Propriety, challenge it at our Hands, seeing
-we profess to be subject to the Laws of <em>Christ</em>,<span class="pagenum">[11]</span>
-which teach us to do <em>that which is altogether just</em>.
-And we should be so far from taking the Advantage
-of their Ignorance, Vice and Poverty, to defraud
-them of what is their just Right, that we should rather
-be moved to Pity, and compassionate their deplorable
-State, and be <em>Eyes to the Blind</em>, &amp;c.</p>
-
-<p>I am fully persuaded, that if we were upright and
-just in all our Transactions with them; if our Trade
-with them was put into the Hands of faithful Men,
-who would deal justly by them; and if they were supplied
-with all Necessaries for themselves and Families
-at a moderate Price, it would not be in the Power of
-all the <em>French</em> at <em>Canada</em> (subtle as they are) to alienate
-them from us. The <em>French</em> are not upon equal Ground
-with us in this Affair. For their Northern Climate
-is much more inhospitable and severe than ours is:
-Their Country is not so productive of those Fruits,
-which the <em>Indians</em> very much live upon, as ours:
-Nor can they afford Goods which are proper and
-necessary for the <em>Indians</em> at so cheap a Lay as we
-can: Therefore we can give them those Advantages
-which <em>Canada</em> cannot. We can, without Damage
-to ourselves, make it their Interest to adhere to us:
-And when Experience has once taught them, that
-their Interest lies with us, they will want no other
-Inducement to engage them to us: Yea, it will
-not only attach those of them to us, who are
-not yet gone to <em>Canada</em>, but it will induce those who
-are, to return to their Brethren, for the Sake of the
-Profit they might reap by it; especially if we give
-them all the Advantage we can, consistent with our
-own.</p>
-
-<p>As unjust and abusive Treatment of the <em>Indians</em>
-tends naturally to alienate them from us, and to turn
-them off to the <em>French</em>; so a Series of just and
-faithful Dealing with them would be likely to attach
-them to us, and to make them our fast Friends.<span class="pagenum">[12]</span>
-This again appears from the Temper and Conduct
-of that Part of the <em>Tribe</em> of the <em>River Indians</em> who
-live at <em>Stockbridge</em>. For tho’ they were, for a considerable
-Time, extremely jealous, that we had
-some ill Design upon them, even in the Favours
-they received at our Hands (a Jealousy founded, I
-suppose, upon the ill Usage the <em>Natives</em> have too
-often been the Subjects of) yet by the just Treatment
-they, for a Course of Years, have met with
-from the <em>Government</em>, from Mr. <em>Sergeant</em>, Mr.
-<em>Woodbridge</em>, and others, they are become our hearty
-Friends; willing to live or die with us, whether in
-Peace or War.</p>
-
-<p>It is very true, that in order to obtain the End
-proposed, our Trade with the <em>Indians</em> must not be
-in private Hands. It must not be in the Power of
-every private Person to treat them as he pleases.
-We may upon good Grounds despair of their being
-treated with Equity and Justice, if every one
-may gratify his avaricious Temper in dealing with
-them. Our Trade therefore must be of a publick
-Nature, and must be committed to the Care and
-Management of faithful Men: Not to such as will
-seek the Service, and make Friends to procure the
-Post for them; (certain Indications of a Self-seeker)
-but Men of Uprightness and Integrity must be sought
-out; such, and such only, must be trusted with Business
-of such Importance: Good Instructions must
-be given them, which must be carefully adhered
-to.</p>
-
-<p>If the <em>Indian</em> Trade at <em>Canada</em> was in private
-Hands; if every private Person there might deal
-with the <em>Indians</em> at Pleasure, we might then hope
-that those who are gone from us would soon return;
-for, in that Case, it is supposable enough that they
-would not meet with much better Usage there than
-they do here; tho’ it is scarcely supposable that they<span class="pagenum">[13]</span>
-would meet with much worse. The <em>French</em> Trade
-with the <em>Indians</em> is wholly in the Hands of publick
-Officers, (it I am rightly informed) and a private
-Man, if he wants a Dear-skin, a Beaver-skin, &amp;c.
-is not allowed to purchase of an <em>Indian</em>, but must
-go to the publick Stores. Upon the Supposition
-that those Officers are faithful, and deal justly by the
-<em>Indians</em>, it is surely a wise and politick Method to
-engage them in their Favour. And so long as every
-private Person in the English Government is at Liberty
-to trade with them, when, and where, he pleases,
-and to cheat them out of what they have, what
-can we expect but that they will repair to <em>Canada</em>,
-where they may be better used? Is it not owing to
-the ill Treatment they have met with from the <em>English</em>
-and <em>Dutch</em>, that so many of them are gone
-already? And if no proper Measures are taken to
-prevent their being ill used, will not those who are
-yet behind soon follow their Brethren? Yea, if we
-furnish them with large Quantities of Rum, make
-them drunk, and then defraud them of what they
-have, do we not reduce them to a Necessity, either
-of living low and miserable with us, or of going from
-us, that they may fare better? How low, how
-dispirited, how miserable and brutish these few are,
-who live within our Borders, is too manifest. And
-whether we, by our ill treating of them, have not
-contributed to their Misery, is worthy of our serious
-Enquiry. Yea, would it not be proper for us to
-enquire, Whether we have not, by our Neglect and
-Abuse of them, provoked Heaven to let loose the
-Natives upon us, who have been one of the sorest
-Scourges that we were ever chastised with? What
-Multitudes have they, in a most cruel Manner,
-murdered in our Borders? How many of our Neighbours
-have they led into Captivity? Some of whom
-have been redeemed at a very great Expence, and<span class="pagenum">[14]</span>
-others are become either Pagans or Papists, and continue
-still in a foreign Land. And who can count
-the Cost we have been at, to defend ourselves against
-their Incursions?</p>
-
-<p>If the British Government should be disposed, in
-Time to come, to set up and maintain a publick,
-honest and just Trade with the <em>Five Nations</em>, or any
-other Tribes, thereby to attach them to us, to promote
-their true Interest, with other valuable Ends, that
-might thereby be answered; this Objection perhaps
-would arise, <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">viz.</i> That such a Proceeding will be a
-very great Expence to the Publick, for our Trade
-cannot be safe, unless it be protected by a considerable
-Force. A Fort must be built, and a Garrison of 50,
-60, or perhaps 100 Men, with their proper Officers,
-must be maintained at each Place where the Trade
-is set up; therefore the Advantage would not
-countervail the Cost. To this I reply,</p>
-
-<p>If such Garrisons should be thought necessary in
-the Places where a Trade is set up, to be a Guard
-to it, the Charge would nothing like equal that of an
-Indian War, which perhaps it might prevent.</p>
-
-<p>But further, I apprehend that the Charge of such
-Garrisons might be spared; and that, instead of being
-necessary, they would prove very injurious to the
-Design; and that it would be a very wrong Step to
-be taken in that Affair.</p>
-
-<p>All who are in any good Measure acquainted with
-the <em>Indians</em> know, that they are extreamly jealous,
-lest any Incroachments should be made upon them;
-and it is not strange it should be so, considering what
-has past over them. And if a Number of armed
-Men were placed among them, and Forts built for
-the Defence of our Trade, they would be suspicious
-that something hostile was intended, and we
-should not be able to remove the Suspicion. They<span class="pagenum">[15]</span>
-would behold us with a jealous Eye, and perhaps
-take Measures to frustrate the whole Design.</p>
-
-<p>The most effectual Way to induce them to trust
-us, is to trust them; and they will be ready enough
-to protect our Trade if we desire it, and shew that
-we confide in them to do it. And when a little Experience
-has taught them how advantageous such a
-Trade would be to them, they would be ready enough
-to do it for their own Advantage. If therefore
-we should desire them to admit a Trader into
-one of their own Forts, or to build a Fort at our
-Charge in some convenient Place for such a Design,
-and to take Care that our Trade be safe; this
-would tend to convince them, both of our Friendship
-to, and of our Confidence in, them; and they
-would not only be pleased with it, but also ambitious
-to shew us that we may safely trust them: And
-were I to be the Truck-Master, I should esteem
-myself much safer in their Protection, than in a
-Garrison of 100 <em>English</em> Men: For if such a Garrison
-should be placed among them, they themselves
-would suspect some ill Design carrying on against
-them; and the <em>French</em> would infallibly tell
-them, that tho’ we pretended Peace and Friendship,
-yet our Design in the End is to dispossess them
-of their <em>Country</em>.</p>
-
-<p>If indeed a Truck-Master should prove an unfaithful
-Servant, and enrich himself by defrauding
-them, he might have Occasion for <em>English</em> Soldiers
-to protect him and his Stores; but if they found
-him faithful, friendly and just in his Dealings with
-them, they would be as careful of him as of their
-own Eyes, and venture their own Lives for him.
-What would not the <em>Indians</em> of <em>Stockbridge</em> have
-done for Mr. <em>Sergeant</em> in his Day, whom they had
-found to be their true and hearty Friend? And what
-would they not now do for Mr. <em>Woodbridge</em>, of<span class="pagenum">[16]</span>
-whom the have had the like Experience? <em>Indians</em>
-will be as ready as the <em>English</em>, and perhaps much
-more so, to serve and protect, if there be Occasion,
-those whom they have found to be their faithful and
-real Friends.</p>
-
-<p>In a Word, I apprehend, that if we had in
-Times past treated the Natives according to the
-Rules of Equity and Justice, it would have been quite
-sufficient to have engaged them in our Interest, and
-to have kept them in Amity and Friendship with us;
-and that, even now, they might in a little Time be
-attached to us, by such Treatment: But this, I
-confess, I despair of, if every private Person must
-be left at his Liberty to treat them as he pleases, and
-to defraud them of all they have; which I take to
-be the Case in <em>New-York</em> Government, who lie next
-to the <em>Five Nations</em>, and have their Trade; tho’ in
-this <em>Province</em> we have good Laws in Force to restrain
-private Persons from selling them strong Drink.</p>
-
-<p>2. We should also exercise that Kindness and Generosity
-towards them, that shall convince them
-that it is for their Interest to be in Friendship with us.
-We should not, in a Case of such Importance, content
-ourselves with being barely just in our Treatment
-of them, but we should also be kind and generous,
-as a proper Expedient to obtain the End
-proposed. I am aware, I shall here be quickly interrupted
-with this Exclamation;</p>
-
-<p>What! <em>kind</em> and <em>generous</em> to such an ungrateful
-evil Crew! To which I shall only answer, We have
-good Authority for being <em>kind to the Unthankful, and
-to the Evil</em>. And if that good Being who recommends
-it to us, had not given an Example of it, in
-his Dealings with us, how deplorable had our State
-been? This kind Temper and Behaviour is recommended
-to us in the Gospel, not only because it is
-the Will of our heavenly Father that we should be<span class="pagenum">[17]</span>
-kind, but also because the Exercise of it answers excellent
-Ends; produces very good and desirable
-Effects; such as Love, Friendship, Peace, &amp;c.
-And while we make a Profession of Christianity, it
-is Pity the Practice of it, in so material an Article,
-should be objected against. And is it not very proper
-that we should exercise Kindness and Generosity
-to the poor Natives, when there is a strong Probability
-of its being of very happy Consequence both to
-them and us?</p>
-
-<p>A great deal of Kindness and Generosity has been
-exercised towards the River <em>Indians</em> at <em>Housatunnuk</em>,
-by this <em>Government</em>, by the honourable <em>Corporation</em>
-at Home, by their honourable and reverend <em>Commissioners</em>
-at <em>Boston</em>, by the Rev. Mr. <em>Hollis</em>, by the
-Rev. Mr. <em>Sergeant</em>, Mr. <em>Woodbridge</em>, and others;
-and the Consequence has been very happy as to
-them; they are brought to the Knowledge of the
-Gospel, and to a Christian Profession; and many of
-them, we hope, to the saving Knowledge of God.
-We also have found the Benefit of this kind Usage
-of them; for thereby they are become our hearty
-Friends, are united to us in their Affections, and
-were a Means, in the Hand of Providence, of covering
-our most Western Frontiers the last War.
-And were the like Kindness shewn by us to other
-Tribes, is there not Room to hope that the Effects
-might be alike happy? If Townships, suitable for
-<em>Indians</em> to settle in, were provided in our Frontiers,
-and it were proposed to them, that if they would come
-and settle in them, they should not only enjoy the
-Land as their own, but also have a Minister supported
-among them to instruct them in the Christian
-Religion; and also a School-Master to teach their
-Children to read and write; would not this induce
-many of them, especially of the better Sort, to
-come and settle in our Borders? And would they<span class="pagenum">[18]</span>
-not cover our Frontiers in case of a War with
-<em>France</em>?</p>
-
-<p>What has been done for the <em>Indians</em> at <em>Stockbridge</em>,
-has doubtless been much observed and approved of
-by the <em>Natives</em> far and near. That there is a School
-set up at <em>Canada</em>, in Imitation of Mr. <em>Sergeant</em>’s
-School at <em>Stockbridge</em>, and a large Number of Scholars
-in it, we have heard and receive for Truth.
-That the <em>French</em>, who esteem Ignorance to be the
-Mother of Devotion, and do not desire to teach the
-<em>Indians</em> any Thing more than to say their Beads, and
-to cross themselves, have done this out of Choice,
-is not at all likely. They do not desire that their
-<em>Indians</em> should become a knowing People. But yet,
-being sensible that the Report of Mr. <em>Sergeant</em>’s
-School had spread itself far and wide, and that their
-<em>Indians</em> were pleased with the Method the <em>English</em>
-had taken to furnish the <em>Natives</em> with Knowledge,
-they apprehended, that unless something like it were
-done among them, there would be Danger
-of the <em>Indians</em> repairing to us for Instruction, and
-to prevent this, and to engage them to themselves,
-they set up their School. This, I conjecture, is the
-Truth of the Case. And if so, it is manifest that
-the <em>Indians</em> are inclined to seek after Knowledge;
-and therefore would be disposed to hearken to such
-kind and generous Proposals, if they were made to
-them. And who can tell but that this, that, or the
-other Tribe, would gladly settle such Towns, if
-they were invited to it in a proper Manner?</p>
-
-<p>3. Another Step, and perhaps the most promising
-one we can take, to engage the <em>Indians</em> in Friendship
-with us is, to send Missionaries among their
-respective Tribes, Ministers and Schoolmasters, to
-instruct them in the Principles, and to persuade them
-to the Practice of Christianity. Tho’ they have so
-long lived near us, and been conversant with us, yet<span class="pagenum">[19]</span>
-they remain ignorant of the Way of Salvation,
-Strangers to the Gospel, and are perishing for lack
-of Knowledge: A Case that might well move our
-Pity and Compassion towards them, and put us upon
-doing what we can for their Relief. And whether
-our former Neglect of Things of this Nature
-has not been provoking to Heaven, may be worthy
-of our serious Enquiry.</p>
-
-<p>The Interest the Rev. Mr. <em>Barclay</em> had in the
-<em>Mohawks</em>, while he was with them, the Reformation
-of Manners he wrought among them, their
-Willingness to receive Instruction, and their Engagedness
-to prosecute Learning, are a plain Indication
-that faithful Missionaries would be welcome to
-them. And the <em>Five Nations</em> being nearest us, and
-their Friendship of very great Consequence, it might
-be proper to begin with them: And what has been
-done among them by Mr. <em>Barclay</em> and others,
-might be no small Help in the Case. If we should
-send Persons well qualified for the Business to reside
-among them, and support them well, there would
-be no Foundation for any Jealousy that we have an ill
-Design upon them, and if at any time such Jealousies
-should arise, they would soon subside, upon the <em>Indians</em>
-having a little Experience of our Kindness and
-Friendship to them. The prudent Conduct and
-faithful Labours of such Missionaries might, by the
-Blessing of God, serve to remove their Barbarity,
-correct their Manners, reform their Lives, promote
-in them virtuous Sentiments, and by Degrees form
-them to true Religion. This we may hope would
-be the happy Event, with Respect to many of them,
-tho’ not to all; and if, by much Labour and Expence,
-it might be brought to pass, should we not
-find our Account in it; for what would be the
-Charge of supporting a few Missionaries, compared
-with that of an <em>Indian</em> War? And is there not great<span class="pagenum">[20]</span>
-Probability that such Measures would in a few Years
-Time attach them to us in a hearty Friendship?
-And if the <em>Five Nations</em>, who are a Terror to, and
-have in great Measure the Command of, other
-Tribes, were indeed our Friends, and made so by
-such Obligations laid upon them, would it not be
-an effectual Means of restraining other <em>Indians</em> from
-giving us Trouble in case of a War?</p>
-
-<p>The general Objection here, I am sensible, will
-be;&mdash;There is no Likelihood of succeeding, and
-therefore it is not worth While to make any Trial;
-it would only be to spend Labour and Money to no
-good Purpose. To which I reply,</p>
-
-<p>How can we draw the Conclusion before we have
-made the Experiment? Have we ever made any proper
-Trial, and found ourselves disappointed? And can
-it be looked upon just to draw such a Conclusion,
-in a Case of such Importance, unless we had better
-Grounds for it?</p>
-
-<p>It is true, Mr. <em>Sergeant</em> made a Visit to the <em>Susquehanna
-Indians</em>, Mr. <em>Brainard</em> also, in his Day,
-did the same, without Success; but we know that
-the Excuse those <em>Indians</em> made was, that they held
-their Lands of the <em>Five Nations</em>, and therefore could
-not comply with such a Motion, till their Consent
-was first obtained. And besides, shall we esteem
-two or three Visits made by private Persons a sufficient
-Trial in this Case? Sufficient indeed it was to
-shew that those good Gentlemen were possest of an
-excellent Spirit, and of a laudable Zeal for the Good
-of the poor Natives; but yet I apprehend not sufficient
-to discourage further Attempts. If those
-Gentlemen, who went in a private Capacity, had
-sustained a publick Character, perhaps they had been
-more regarded. But however, when we have used
-our best Endeavours, and they indeed prove unsuccessful,
-we may be excusable; but can we look<span class="pagenum">[21]</span>
-upon ourselves so, if we sit still, and use no Endeavours
-for the Help of those poor benighted People?</p>
-
-<p>If proper Attempts should be made for Christianizing
-the <em>Five Nations</em>, there would, I am sensible,
-some notable Difficulties lie in the Way, but
-yet perhaps none but what might be surmounted.</p>
-
-<p>One Difficulty that would doubtless attend such a
-laudable Undertaking, would arise from those who
-maintain a private Trade among them, from which
-they reap great Gain; especially by the Article of
-Rum, too much of which they convey to them,
-and by the Influence of which the <em>Indians</em> are easily
-defrauded.</p>
-
-<p>These Traders would be very sensible, that if Christianity
-should prevail among those <em>Nations</em>, the
-<em>Hope of their Gain</em> would be <em>gone</em>, and <em>seeing by this
-Craft they have their Wealth</em>, they would use their
-utmost Endeavours to dissuade the <em>Indians</em> from
-embracing the Ways of Religion. They in Fact did
-so at <em>Housatunnuk</em>, where the Number of <em>Indians</em>
-was small, and their Trade not so considerable. How
-much more then will they do it, if Endeavours should
-be used to convert the <em>Mohawks</em>, whose Trade is
-vastly more advantageous? But as the <em>Indians</em> at
-<em>Housatunnuk</em>, by Mr. <em>Sergeant</em>’s Help, saw thro’
-the Artifice they used, and were made sensible of
-the selfish Views of the Traders, so doubtless the
-<em>Five Nations</em> may easily be informed, and the Obstruction
-soon removed.</p>
-
-<p>Another Difficulty will arise from the false Insinuations
-of <em>Romish</em> Emissaries, who will not fail to tell
-them, that we are about to teach them a false Religion,
-and if they hearken to us, they will all certainly
-be damned. But when those <em>Indians</em> are properly
-informed of the Conduct of the <em>French</em>, and
-other Roman Catholicks, how they deny the Use of
-the Bible to the common People among themselves,<span class="pagenum">[22]</span>
-and that they have no Design to acquaint the <em>Indians</em>
-with the Word of God: And on the other
-Hand, that our Design is not to impose upon them,
-but to open the Bible to them, to enable them to
-read it, and to judge for themselves; will not this
-satisfy them of our honest Intentions towards them,
-and of the Safety and Propriety of their examining
-Things, that they may form a Judgment for themselves?</p>
-
-<p>A third, and perhaps much the greatest Difficulty
-that would attend this good Design is, that those
-<em>Indians</em> esteem themselves Christians already, and
-value themselves upon their being as good Christians
-as their Neighbours. Mr. <em>Sergeant</em>, in his Journal
-of <em>November</em> 25, 1734, says,&mdash;‘The <em>Mohawks</em> are
-generally Professors of Christianity, but for want
-of Instruction have but little of it in Reality.&mdash;’
-They are so ignorant of the Principles of Religion,
-that they know not the Difference between one who
-is baptized, and calls himself a Christian, and one who
-lives agreeably to the Rules Christ has given us to
-walk by. They are not sensible of the Necessity of
-being conformed to those Rules of Virtue and Holiness
-which Christ has prescribed. <em>Romish</em> Emissaries
-have baptized some of them, others (as I have been
-informed) have been baptized by <em>Dutch</em> Ministers;
-and they esteem it a Privilege belonging to them to
-have their Children baptized, whenever they present
-them, without any Regard being had, either to the
-Qualifications of the Parent, or the religious Education
-of the Child. When the Rev. Mr. <em>Spencer</em>
-was among them a few Years ago, they were
-much displeased that he declined baptizing some
-Children, whose Parents were notoriously ignorant,
-vicious and wicked. Some <em>Indians</em> from <em>Canada</em>,
-who had an <em>English</em> Woman to their Mother, came
-a few Years past to <em>Westfield</em> to visit their <em>English</em><span class="pagenum">[23]</span>
-Relations there, and while they staid at that Place,
-they had a Child born, and were much offended
-with the Rev. Mr. <em>Balantine</em>, who declined baptizing
-of it, as they desired. Since the Rev. Mr.
-<em>Edwards</em> has been at <em>Stockbridge</em>, one of the <em>Mohawks</em>
-residing there had a Child born, and was
-highly affronted because Mr. <em>Edwards</em> did not baptize
-it upon his Desire. From these Instances it is
-evident, that they account their Children have Right
-to Baptism, whenever they desire it. And being
-baptized, they esteem them good Christians, whatever
-their Conversation may be; for they derive
-their Notions of Christianity, not from the Bible (to
-which they are Strangers) but from the Example of
-the <em>Dutch</em> and <em>French</em>, with whom they are conversant,
-and who profess themselves to be Christians.</p>
-
-<p>And so far forth as being baptized, in the forementioned
-Manner, and calling themselves Christians
-will make them so, they are so to be esteemed.
-Now these Things being so, it may prove a difficult
-Thing to make them sensible, that Drunkenness, and
-other vicious Practices, are inconsistent with Christianity;
-because those Christians, who fall under their
-Observation, give them an Example of Vice, and
-go such Lengths therein.</p>
-
-<p>But yet I apprehend this Difficulty might also be
-removed, by giving them a just and true Account
-of the Nature and Extent of the Christian Religion,
-by informing them what the Will of <em>Christ</em> is; how
-he expects that we should be conformed to his Likeness,
-and to his Laws. The <em>Indians</em> are as capable
-of hearing Reasons, and giving them their Weight,
-as other Men; and it is because they know not
-what Christianity is, that they esteem themselves
-Christians, in their present Circumstances. When
-they are made acquainted with the Terms of Salvation,
-proposed in the Gospel, and what they must<span class="pagenum">[24]</span>
-do that they may inherit eternal Life; when they
-are well instructed in the Doctrines of <em>Christ</em>, they
-will be sensible that the Religion which they now
-have, is little or nothing like that which is taught
-by the Gospel. When Mr. <em>Edwards</em> refused to baptize
-a <em>Mohawk</em> Child born at <em>Stockbridge</em> (which I
-have before mentioned) and they were very much displeased
-with him on that Account, he went to them,
-gave them the Reasons of his Conduct, and informed
-them as clearly as he was able, of the Nature
-and End of Baptism: Those <em>Indians</em> received the
-Force of his Reasons, and appeared to be satisfied
-and contented, when he had taken Pains to inform
-them. And I doubt not but proper Instruction and
-Information would remove the Difficulty I have
-been speaking of.</p>
-
-<p>Tho’ Christianizing those <em>Indians</em> may prove a
-difficult Work, yet if our Endeavours might, by
-the divine Blessing, be succeeded, would not the
-Advantage thence arising to them, and us, more
-than compensate the Pains and Expence we should
-be at? And is there not so much Ground to hope
-for Success, as should induce us to make the Experiment?</p>
-
-<p>I shall now conclude, by briefly suggesting a few
-Things, not yet mentioned, the serious Consideration
-of which may excite us to use our best Endeavours
-for the Conversion of the neighbouring <em>Indians</em>
-to the Christian Faith.</p>
-
-<p>1. And in the first Place, should not the Consideration
-of the divine Bounty and Goodness, bestowed
-upon us, excite us to employ Part of that
-undeserved Goodness to promote the Knowledge of
-God, our bountiful Benefactor, among those who
-are destitute of it? Thro’ the undeserved Favour
-and Blessing of God, we have been prosperous in
-our secular Affairs, succeeded in our Husbandry,<span class="pagenum">[25]</span>
-Trade, &amp;c. and are become a wealthy People:
-And, were we as willing as we are able, might we
-not spare large Sums for the Propagation of the Gospel
-among the Heathen? Ought we not then to
-shew our Gratitude to the glorious Author of all
-our Comforts, by employing a Part of his Bounty to
-promote the Redeemer’s Kingdom? Is it not fit
-that we should thus <em>honour the Lord with our Substance</em>?
-Does it not lie as a Reproach upon us, who
-make an high Profession, that we expend so little to
-promote the Knowledge of God among the <em>Natives</em>,
-and so much to ill Purposes? Were what we
-employ in unnecessary Expences, by which Pride
-and Luxury are indulged and nourished, employed
-in the laudable Method I am recommending; would
-it not be sufficient well to support a Multitude of
-Missionaries among the neighbouring Tribes? Would
-it not probably be a Means of turning many of them
-<em>from the Power of Satan to God</em>? And would it not
-be <em>an Odour of a sweet Smell, a Sacrifice acceptable,
-well pleasing to God</em><a id="FNanchor_1" href="#Footnote_1" class="fnanchor">[1]</a>? And seeing God, by his
-Blessings, has enabled us to contribute to such a
-good Design, should we not chearfully give of our
-Substance, for the spiritual Benefit of the perishing
-Heathen?</p>
-
-<p>2. Should not the Light and Grace of the Gospel,
-which we, thro’ divine Goodness enjoy, be a
-stronger Argument still to excite us to endeavour the
-Conversion of the Heathen?</p>
-
-<p>A few Generations back we were in a State of
-Heathenism, as they now are: <em>Aliens from the Commonwealth
-of Israel&mdash;and without God in the World</em><a id="FNanchor_2" href="#Footnote_2" class="fnanchor">[2]</a>.
-But, thro’ divine Goodness, <em>the Day-spring from on
-High has visited us</em>, and we enjoy the Light and
-Privileges of the Gospel-Dispensation. Seeing then
-God has had Compassion on us, and bestowed upon
-us those richest Blessings, ought we not to have<span class="pagenum">[26]</span>
-Compassion on the neighbouring Heathen, and
-use our best Endeavours that they also may be made
-Partakers of the Light and Blessings of the Gospel?</p>
-
-<p>3. Should we not be moved to such charitable
-Endeavours from the Consideration of the wretched
-and forlorn Circumstances, in which the poor <em>Natives</em>
-appear before our Eyes? We often behold those
-piteous Objects, appearing half naked, and almost
-starved; which is the Effect of their vicious Way
-of Living. We see them also in the Depths of Ignorance
-and Barbarity; wholly unacquainted with
-the Way of Salvation, and quite unconcerned for
-their eternal Good: And yet their Powers, both of
-Body and Mind, are not inferior to our own. Were
-they brought to Civility and Industry, they might
-stand upon equal Ground with us, respecting the
-Comforts of Life; and were they instructed in divine
-Things, made acquainted with the great and
-important Truths of the Gospel, they might stand
-as fair for the Kingdom of Heaven as we do. Should
-not our Eyes therefore affect our Hearts, when we
-behold them in such miserable Circumstances? And
-should we not exert ourselves in all proper Ways for
-their Help? Did the Wounds of the poor Man <em>half
-dead</em>, who <em>fell among Thieves</em>, plead with so much
-Eloquence for human Compassion, as the unhappy
-State of the poor <em>Natives</em> does for Christian Charity?
-And if the Compassion of a <em>Samaritan</em> was moved
-by the former, how much more should the
-Bowels of a <em>Christian</em> be moved by the latter?</p>
-
-<p>4. The noble Example of some generous and pious
-Persons, at Home, may well excite us to liberal
-Contributions for the Benefit of the poor Heathen.</p>
-
-<p>Not only publick Societies, but also private Persons,
-in <em>Great-Britain</em>, have generously and liberally
-contributed for the Benefit of the <em>Natives</em>, in this
-distant Part of the World. Tho’ they are at 3000
-Miles Distance, and never beheld, as we do, those<span class="pagenum">[27]</span>
-miserable Objects; yet, from a truly pious and generous
-Spirit, they have sent over their liberal Contributions,
-that the Heathen, by their Means, may
-be informed in the Way of Life. <em>Verily, they shall
-not lose their Reward.</em> A noble Example they set
-before us, most worthy our Imitation: And how
-can we excuse ourselves, if we neglect to copy after
-it? Some indeed may plead their Inability, but this
-is not the Case of all. Are there not among us many
-wealthy Merchants and Traders? Are there not
-also many Farmers, who abound in Wealth, upon
-the Lands which were, a few Years ago, the Property
-of the <em>Indians</em>, who now stand in Need of
-their Charity? Should not such Persons be moved,
-by the generous Examples of others, to help forward
-the noble Design of converting the Heathen?
-Yea, are not the People in general able to do something
-to help forward so good a Design? And will it
-not lie as a Reproach upon us, if we, who make a
-high Profession of Religion, prove void of Charity,
-when we are so loudly called to the Exercise of it,
-not only by the laudable Example of generous Benefactors
-at Home; but also by the perishing Circumstances
-of the neighbouring <em>Indians</em>?</p>
-
-<p>I shall only add my hearty Wishes, that this <em>American</em>
-Continent, which, for Ages unknown, has
-been a Seat of Darkness, and <em>full of the Habitations
-of Cruelty</em>, may become a Scene of Light and
-Love; that the Heathen in it, who have been wont
-to thirst after Blood, may <em>hunger and thirst after
-Righteousness; That the Wilderness and solitary Place
-may be glad for them, the Desart rejoice and blossom as
-the Rose;&mdash;&mdash;That the Glory of</em> Lebanon <em>may be
-given unto it, the Excellency of</em> Carmel <em>and</em> Sharon;
-<em>That they may see the Glory of the Lord, and the Excellency
-of our God</em><a id="FNanchor_3" href="#Footnote_3" class="fnanchor">[3]</a>.</p>
-
-<p class="center p1 largefont"><i lang="la" xml:lang="la"><span class="spreadit">FINIS</span>.</i></p>
-
-<hr class="tb" />
-
-<div class="footnotes nobreak"><h3 class="nobreak">FOOTNOTES:</h3>
-
-<div class="footnote">
-
-<p><a id="Footnote_1" href="#FNanchor_1" class="label">[1]</a> Phil. iv. 18.</p>
-
-</div>
-
-<div class="footnote">
-
-<p><a id="Footnote_2" href="#FNanchor_2" class="label">[2]</a> Ephes. ii. 12.</p>
-
-</div>
-
-<div class="footnote">
-
-<p><a id="Footnote_3" href="#FNanchor_3" class="label">[3]</a> Isaiah xxxv. 1, 2.</p>
-
-</div></div>
-
-<hr class="tb x-ebookmaker-drop" />
-
-<div class="chapter">
-<div class="transnote">
-<h2 style="margin-top: 0em">Transcriber’s Notes:</h2>
-
-<p>Footnotes have been moved to the end of the text and relabeled
-consecutively through the document.</p>
-
-<p>Punctuation has been made consistent.</p>
-
-<p>Variations in spelling and hyphenation were retained as they appear in
-the original publication, except that obvious typographical errors
-have been corrected.</p>
-</div></div>
-
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