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diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d7b82bc --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitattributes @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +*.txt text eol=lf +*.htm text eol=lf +*.html text eol=lf +*.md text eol=lf diff --git a/LICENSE.txt b/LICENSE.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6312041 --- /dev/null +++ b/LICENSE.txt @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +This eBook, including all associated images, markup, improvements, +metadata, and any other content or labor, has been confirmed to be +in the PUBLIC DOMAIN IN THE UNITED STATES. + +Procedures for determining public domain status are described in +the "Copyright How-To" at https://www.gutenberg.org. + +No investigation has been made concerning possible copyrights in +jurisdictions other than the United States. Anyone seeking to utilize +this eBook outside of the United States should confirm copyright +status under the laws that apply to them. diff --git a/README.md b/README.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..adc9ef7 --- /dev/null +++ b/README.md @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +Project Gutenberg (https://www.gutenberg.org) public repository for +eBook #66199 (https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/66199) diff --git a/old/66199-0.txt b/old/66199-0.txt deleted file mode 100644 index 355cdcc..0000000 --- a/old/66199-0.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,3492 +0,0 @@ -The Project Gutenberg eBook of Notes and Queries, Number 205, October 1, -1853, by George Bell - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and -most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms -of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you -will have to check the laws of the country where you are located before -using this eBook. - -Title: Notes and Queries, Number 205, October 1, 1853 - A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists, - Antiquaries, Geneologists, etc - -Author: Various - -Editor: George Bell - -Release Date: September 1, 2021 [eBook #66199] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: UTF-8 - -Produced by: Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram and the Online Distributed - Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This file was - produced from images generously made available by The Internet - Library of Early Journals.) - -*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, NUMBER 205, -OCTOBER 1, 1853 *** - - - - - -{309} - -NOTES AND QUERIES: - -A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, -GENEALOGISTS, ETC. - - * * * * * - - -="When found, make a note of."=--CAPTAIN CUTTLE. - - * * * * * - - - No. 205.] - SATURDAY, OCTOBER 1. 1853. - [Price Fourpence. - Stamped Edition, 5_d._ - - * * * * * - - - - -CONTENTS. - - - NOTES:-- Page - - The Groaning-board, a Story of the Days of Charles II., - by Dr. E. F. Rimbault 309 - - The Etymology of the Word "Awkward" 310 - - Inedited Poem--"The Deceitfulness of Love," by - Chris. Roberts 311 - - Bale MSS., referred to in Tanner's "Bibliotheca - Britannico-Hibernica," by Sir F. Madden 311 - - Charles Fox and Gibbon 312 - - Samuel Williams 312 - - Shakspeare Correspondence, by Samuel Hickson, &c. 313 - - MINOR NOTES:--Doings of the Calf's Head Club--Epitaph - by Wordsworth--Tailor's "Cabbage"--Misquotations--The - Ducking Stool--Watch-paper Inscription 315 - - QUERIES:-- - - Birthplace of Gen. Monk, by F. Kyffin Lenthall 316 - - MINOR QUERIES:--Harmony of the Four Gospels--The - Noel Family--Council of Trent--Roman Catholic - Patriarchs--The "Temple Lands" in Scotland--Cottons - of Fowey--Draught or Draft of Air--Admiral Sir Thomas - Tyddeman--Pedigree Indices--Apparition of the White - Lady--Rundlestone--Tottenham--Duval Family--Noses of the - Descendants of John of Gaunt--General Wall--John Daniel - and Sir Ambrose Nicholas Salter--Edward Bysshe--President - Bradshaw and John Milton 316 - - MINOR QUERIES WITH ANSWERS:--Ket the - Tanner--"Namby-pamby" 318 - - REPLIES:-- - - Editions of Books of Common Prayer, by the Rev. - Thomas Lathbury, &c. 318 - - The Crescent, by J. W. Thomas 319 - - Seals of the Borough of Great Yarmouth 321 - - Moon Superstitions, by J. N. Radcliffe and G. William - Skyring 321 - - Latin Riddle, by the Rev. Robert Gibbings 322 - - "Hurrah!" by Sir J. E. Tennent and J. Sansom 323 - - PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE:--Process for Printing - on Albumenized Paper 324 - - REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES:--Anderson's Royal - Genealogies--Thomas Wright of Durham--Weather - Predictions--Bacon's Essays: Bullaces--Nixon the - Prophet--Parochial Libraries--"Ampers and," &c.--The - Arms of De Sissonne--St. Patrick's Purgatory--Sir - George Carr--Gravestone Inscription--"A Tub to - the Whale"--Hour-glasses in Pulpits--Slow-worm - Superstition--Sincere--Books chained to Desks - in Churches: Seven Candlesticks--D. Ferrand: - French Patois--Wood of the Cross--'Ladies' - Arms in a Lozenge--Burial in unconsecrated - Ground--Table-turning--"Well's a fret"--Tenet - for Tenent 326 - - MISCELLANEOUS:-- - - Books and Odd Volumes wanted 330 - - Notices to Correspondents 330 - - Advertisements 331 - - * * * * * - - - - -Notes. - - -THE GROANING-BOARD, A STORY OF THE DAYS OF CHARLES II. - -The English public has ever been distinguished by an enormous amount of -gullibility. - - "Ha ha, ha ha! this world doth pass - Most merrily I'll be sworn; - For many an honest Indian ass - Goes for an unicorn." - -So sung old Thomas Weelkes in the year 1608, and so echo we in the year -1853! What with "spirit-rapping," "table-moving," "Chelsea ghosts," -"Aztec children," &c., we shall soon, if we go on at the same rate, get -the reputation of being past all cure. - -In looking over, the other day, a volume in the Museum, marked MS. Sloane -958., I noticed the following hand-bill pasted on the first page: - - "At the sign of the Wool-sack, in Newgate Market, is to be seen - a strange and wonderful thing, which is an _elm board_, being - touched with a hot iron, doth express itself as if it were a - man dying _with groans_, and trembling, to the great admiration - of all the hearers. It hath been presented before the king and - his nobles, and hath given great satisfaction. _Vivat Rex._" - -At the top of the bill is the king's arms, and the letters C. R., and in -an old hand is written the date 1682. On the same page is an autograph of -the original possessor of the volume, "Ex libris Jo. Coniers, Londini, -pharmacopol, 1673." - -In turning to Malcolm (_Anecdotes of the Manners and Customs of London_, -4to. 1811, p. 427.), we find the following elucidation of this mysterious -exhibition: - - "One of the most curious and ingenious amusements ever offered - to the publick ear was contrived in the year 1682, when an elm - plank was exhibited to the king and the credulous of London, - which being touched by a hot iron, invariably produced a sound - resembling deep groans. This sensible, and very irritable - board, received numbers of noble visitors; and other boards, - sympathising with their afflicted brother, demonstrated how - much affected they might be by similar means. The publicans - in different parts of the city immediately applied ignited - metal to all the woodwork of their houses, in hopes of finding - sensitive timber; but I do {310} not perceive any were so - successful as the landlord of the Bowman Tavern in Drury Lane, - who had a mantle tree so extremely prompt and loud in its - responses, that the sagacious observers were nearly unanimous - in pronouncing it part of the same trunk which had afforded the - original plank." - -The following paragraph is also given by Malcolm from the _Loyal London -Mercury_, Oct. 4, 1682: - - "Some persons being this week drinking at the Queen's Arms - Tavern, in St. Martin's-le-Grand, in the kitchen, and - having laid the fire-fork in the fire to light their pipes, - accidentally fell a discoursing of the _groaning-board_, and - what might be the cause of it. One in the company, having the - fork in his hand to light his pipe, would needs make trial of - a long dresser that stood there, which, upon the first touch, - made a great noise and groaning, more than ever the board that - was showed did; and then they touched it three or four times, - and found it far beyond the other. They all having seen it, the - house is almost filled with spectators day and night, and any - company calling for a glass of wine may see it; which, in the - judgment of all, is far louder, and makes a longer groan than - the other; which to report, unless seen, would seem incredible." - -Among the _Bagford Ballads_ in the Museum (three vols., under the -press-mark 643. m.) is preserved the following singular broadside upon -the subject, which is now reprinted for the first time: - - "A NEW SONG, ON THE STRANGE AND WONDERFUL GROANING-BOARD. - - "What fate inspir'd thee with groans, - To fill phanatick brains? - What is't thou sadly thus bemoans, - In thy prophetick strains? - - "Art thou the ghost of _William Pryn_, - Or some old politician? - Who, long tormented for his sin, - Laments his sad condition? - - "Or must we now believe in thee, - The old cheat transmigration? - And that thou now art come to be - A call to reformation? - - "The giddy vulgar to thee run, - Amaz'd with fear and wonder; - Some dare affirm, that hear thee groan, - Thy noise is petty thunder. - - "One says and swears, you do foretell - A change in Church and State; - Another says, you like not well - Your master _Stephen's_ fate.[1] - - "Some say you groan much like a _whigg_, - Or rather like a _ranter_; - Some say as loud, and full as big, - As _Conventicle Canter_. - - "Some say you do petition, - And think you represent - The woe and sad condition - Of Old _Rump Parliament_. - - "The wisest say you are a cheat; - Another politician - Says, 'tis a misery as great - And true as _Hatfield's vision_.[2] - - "Some say, 'tis a _new evidence_, - Or witness of the _plot_; - And can discover many things - Which are the Lord knows what. - - "And lest you should the _plot_ disgrace, - For wanting of a name, - _Narrative Board_ henceforth we'll place - In registers of fame. - - "London: Printed for T. P. in the year 1682." - -The extraordinary and long-lived popularity of the "groaning-board" is -fully evinced by the number of cotemporary allusions: a few will suffice. - -Mrs. Mary Astell, in her _Essay in Defence of the Female Sex_, 1696, -speaking of the character of a "coffee-house politician," observes: - - "He is a mighty listener after prodigies: and never hears of - a whale or a comet, but he apprehends some sudden revolution - in the state, and looks upon a _groaning-board_, or a - speaking-head, as forerunners of the day of judgment." - -Swift, in his _Tale of a Tub_, written in the following year (1697), says -of Jack: - - "He wore a large plaister of artificiall causticks on his - stomach, with the fervor of which he would set himself a - _groaning_ like the famous _board_ upon application of a - red-hot iron." - -Steele, in the 44th number of the _Tatler_, speaking of Powell, the -"puppet showman," says: - - "He has not brains enough to make even wood speak as it ought - to do: and I, that have heard the _groaning-board_, can despise - all that his puppets shall be able to speak as long as they - live." - -So much for the "story" of the _groaning-board_. As to "how it was done," -we leave the matter open to the reader's sagacity. - -EDWARD F. RIMBAULT. - -[Footnote 1: This was _Stephen_ College, a joiner by trade, but a man -of an active and violent spirit, who, making himself conspicuous by his -opposition to the Court, obtained the name of the Protestant joiner. His -fate is well known.] - -[Footnote 2: Martha Hatfield, a child twelve years old in Sept. 1652, who -pretended to have visions "concerning Christ, faith, and other subjects." -She was a second edition of the "holy maid of Kent."] - - * * * * * - - -THE ETYMOLOGY OF THE WORD "AWKWARD." - -Most persons who have given their attention to the formation of words, -and have employed their leisure in endeavouring to trace them to their -source, must have remarked that there are many words in the English -language which show on the {311} part of learned philologists, the -compilers of dictionaries, either a strange deficiency in reading, or a -want of acquaintance with the older tongues: or perhaps, if we must find -an excuse for them, a habit of "nodding." - -The word _awkward_ is one of these. Skinner's account is as follows: - - "Ineptus, ἀμφαριστερός, præposterus, ab A.-S. æþerd perversus; - hoc ab _æ_ præp. loquelari negativa privativa, et _weard_, - versus." - -Johnson follows Skinner, interpreting _awkward_ in the same way, and with -the same derivation; but unfortunately he had met with the little word -_awk_, and, not caring to inquire into the origin of it, as it seemed so -plain, he explains it as "a barbarous contraction of _awkward_," giving -the following example from L'Estrange: - - "We have heard as arrant jingling in the pulpits as the - steeples; and the professors ringing as _awk_ as the bells to - give notice of the conflagration." - -Now the real state of the case is, that just as _forward_ and _backward_ -are correlatives, so also are _toward_ and _awkward_. We speak of a -_toward_ child as one who is quick and ready and apt; while, by an -_awkward_ one, we mean precisely the contrary. By the former we imply a -disposition or readiness to press on to the mark; by the latter, that -which is averse to it, and fails of the right way. Parallel instances, -though of course not corresponding in meaning, are found in the Latin -_adversus_, _reversus_, _inversus_, _aversus_. - -The term _awkward_ is compounded of the two A.-S. words _aweg_ or _awæg_ -(which is itself made up of _a_, from, and _wæg_, a way), meaning away, -out: "auferendi vim habet," says Bosworth, of which we have an instance -in _aweg weorpan_, to throw away; and _weard_, toward, as in _hamweard_, -homewards. We thus have the correlatives _to-weard_ and _aweg-weard_, -with the same termination, but with prefixes of exactly opposite -meanings. In the latter word, the prefix would naturally come to be -pronounced as one syllable, and the _g_ as naturally converted into _k_. - -The propriety of the use of the word _awkward_ by Shakspeare, in the -Second Part of Henry VI., Act III. Sc. 2., is thus rendered apparent: - - "And twice by awkward wind from England's bank, - Drove back again," &c., - -_i.e._ untoward wind, or contrary: an epithet which editors, while they -thought it required an apology, have been unable to explain rightly. - -With regard to the word _awk_, I can only say that it is one of very -unfrequent occurrence; I have met with it but once in the course of my -own reading, so that I am unable to confirm my view as fully as I could -wish; still, that one instance seems, as far as it goes, satisfactory -enough: it occurs in Golding's translation of Ovid's _Metam._, London, -1567, fol. 177. p. 2.: - - "She sprincled us with bitter jewce of uncouth herbes, and strake - The _awk_ end of her charmed rod uppon our heads, and spake - Woordes to the former contrarie," &c. - -The _awk_ end here is, of course, the wrong end, that which was not -_towards_ them. - -Perhaps some of the readers of "N. & Q." may have met with other -instances of the usage of the word. It does not occur in Chaucer nor (I -am pretty sure) in Gower. - -H. C. K. - - * * * * * - - -INEDITED POEM.--"THE DECEITFULNESS OF LOVE." - -The following lines, written about 1600, are, I think, well worthy of -preservation in your columns. I believe they have never been published; -but if any of your correspondents should have met with them, and can -inform me of the author, I shall feel much obliged. - -CHRIS. ROBERTS. - -Bradford, Yorkshire. - - _Deceitfulness of Love._ - - Go, sit by the summer sea, - Thou, whom scorn wasteth, - And let thy musing be - Where the flood hasteth. - Mark how o'er ocean's breast - Rolls the hoar billow's crest; - Such is his heart's unrest - Who of love tasteth. - - Griev'st thou that hearts should change? - Lo! where life reigneth, - Or the free sight doth range, - What long remaineth? - Spring with her flow'rs doth die; - Fast fades the gilded sky; - And the full moon on high - Ceaselessly waneth. - - Smile, then, ye sage and wise; - And if love sever - Bonds which thy soul doth love, - Such does it ever! - Deep as the rolling seas, - Soft as the twilight breeze, - But of _more_ than these - Boast could it never! - - * * * * * - - -BALE MSS., REFERRED TO IN TANNER'S "BIBLIOTHECA BRITANNICO-HIBERNICA." - -Most persons who consult this laborious and useful work will probably -have been struck and puzzled by the frequent occurrence of two references -given by the Bishop as his authorities, namely, "MS. Bal. Sloan." and -"MS. Bal. Glynn." {312} To answer, therefore (by anticipation), a Query -very likely to be made on this subject, I have to state, that by "MS. -Bal. Sloan." Tanner refers to a manuscript work in two volumes, in Bale's -handwriting, formerly in Sir Hans Sloane's collection, and numbered 287, -but presented by him to the Bodleian Library; as appears by a letter from -Hearne to Baker (in MS. Harl. 7031. f. 142.), dated August 6, 1715, in -which he writes: - - "We have _Bale's accounts of the Carmelites_, in two volumes, - being not long since given to our public library by Dr. Sloane." - -In the original MS. Sloane Catalogue, the work was thus entered: _Joannes -Balæus de sanctis et illustribus viris Ordinis Carmelitarum, et eorum -Scriptis: Joannis Balæi Annales Carmelitarum_. Another volume, partly, -if not wholly, in Bale's handwriting, relative to the Carmelite Order, -existed formerly in the Cottonian Library, under the press-mark Otho, D. -IV., but was almost entirely destroyed in the fire which took place in -1731. - -By "MS. Bal. Glynn.," or (as more fully referred to under "Adamus -Carthusiensis") "MS. Bale penes D. Will. Glynn.," Tanner undoubtedly -means a printed copy of Bale's _Scriptorum Illustrium Majoris Brytanniæ -Catalogus_, with marginal notes in manuscript (probably by Bale himself) -which was preserved in the library of Sir William Glynne, Bart., of -Anbrosden. I learn this from Tanner's original Memoranda for his -_Bibliotheca_, preserved in the Additional MSS. 6261. 6262., British -Museum; in the former of which, ff. 122--124., is a transcript of the -"MS. notæ in margine Balei, penes D. Will. Glynne." The Glynne MSS. are -described in the _Catt. MSS. Angliæ_, fol. 1697, vol. ii. pt. 1. p. 49.; -but the copy of Bale, here mentioned, is not included among them. These -MSS. are said to be preserved at present in the library of Christ Church -College, Oxford; and it is somewhat singular, that no account of the MSS. -in this college should have been printed, either in the folio Catalogue -of 1697, or in the valuable Catalogue of the MSS. in the college -libraries recently published. Perhaps some of the correspondents of "N. & -Q." may communicate information on this head. - -F. MADDEN. - - * * * * * - - -CHARLES FOX AND GIBBON. - -The following is taken from the fly-leaves of my copy of Gibbon's _Rome_, -1st vol. 1779, 8vo.: - - "The following anecdote and verses were written by the late - Charles James Fox in the first volume of _his_ Gibbon's - _Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire_. - - "The author of this work declared publicly at Brookes's (a - gaming-house in St. James' Street), upon the delivery of the - Spanish Rescript in June, 1779, that there was no salvation - for this country unless six of the heads of the cabinet - council were cut off and laid upon the tables of both houses - of parliament as examples; and in less than a fortnight he - accepted a place under the same cabinet council. - - "ON THE AUTHOR'S PROMOTION TO THE BOARD OF TRADE IN 1779. - By the Right Hon. C. J. Fox. - - "King George in a fright - Lest Gibbon should write - The story of Britain's disgrace, - Thought no means more sure - His pen to secure - Than to give the historian a place. - - "But his caution is vain, - 'Tis the curse of his reign - That his projects should never succeed; - Tho' he wrote not a line, - Yet a cause of decline - In our author's example we read. - - "His book well describes - How corruption and bribes - O'erthrew the great empire of Rome; - And his writings declare - A degeneracy there, - Which his conduct exhibits at home." - -G. M. B. - - * * * * * - - -SAMUEL WILLIAMS. - -The obituary of the past week records the death of Samuel Williams, a -self-taught artist, whose pencil and graver have illustrated very many -of the most popular works during the last forty years, and to whose -productions the modern school of book-illustrations owes its chief force -and character. Samuel Williams was born Feb. 23, 1788, at Colchester in -Essex; and during his very earliest years, his self-taught powers were -remarkable, as he could draw or copy with the greatest ease anything -he saw; and he would get up at early dawn, before the other members of -the family were stirring, to follow the bent of his genius. His boyish -talents attracted much notice, and, had he not been very diffident, -would have brought him before the world as a painter. In 1802, he was -apprenticed to Mr. J. Marsden, a printer in Colchester, and thenceforward -his pencil was destined to be employed in illustrating books. Whilst yet -a lad, he etched on copper a frontispiece to a brochure entitled the -_Coggeshall Volunteers_; and this was a remarkable production, as he had -never seen etching or engraving on copper; and he about the same time -taught himself engraving on wood, executing numerous little cuts for Mr. -Marsden: amongst others, a frontispiece to a _History of Colchester_. -So much was his talent seen by parties calling at his employer's, that -Mr. Crosby, a publisher of some note in his day, promised that, when his -apprenticeship ended, he {313} should draw and engrave for him a natural -history; and this promise was faithfully performed, and a series of -three hundred cuts given to him immediately. Besides these, he executed -numerous commissions for Mozley, Darton and Harvey, Arliss's _Pocket -Magazine_, and other works; in all which a strong natural feeling and -vigorous drawing were leading characteristics. - -In 1809 he visited London for a short time, and returned to Colchester; -and resided there till 1819, when he settled in London. In 1822, Mr. C. -Whittingham published an edition of _Robinson Crusoe_, the illustrations -to which are drawn and engraved by the subject of this notice; and the -freedom of handling, as compared with cotemporary works, was conspicuous. -After these, Trimmer's _Natural History_, published by Whittingham; the -illustrations to Wiffin's _Garcilasso de la Vega_; and other works, -showed his talents as a designer as well as engraver. - -In 1825, William Hone started his _Every-Day Book_, employing Mr. -Williams to make the drawings for the "Months," and other illustrations; -and the peculiar style, like pen-and-ink sketches, attracted much notice, -the freedom and ease of these drawings being greatly admired; and some -of our present artists confess to having been first taught by copying -the free off-hand sketches in Hone's _Every-Day Book_. A second volume -followed in 1846, and the _Table Book_ in 1847; in 1848 the _Olio_ was -published, and afterwards the _Parterre_; both works remarkable for their -spirited illustrations. Several of the engravings to the _London Stage_, -1847, displayed great variety of expression in the figures and faces. -Howitt's _Rural Life of England_, Selby's _Forest Trees_, Thomson's -_Seasons_ (the edition published by Bogue), Miller's _Pictures of Country -Life_, all drawn and engraved by him, exhibit exquisite rural "bits," in -which, like Bewick, Samuel Williams could express with the graver the -touch of his pencil, thus far excelling his cotemporaries. The _Memorials -of the Martyrs_ was the last work on which he exercised his double skill. -Of works not drawn by himself, Wiffin's _Tasso_ shows some of his best -efforts; but as for years past he had been engaged on most of the best -works of the day, it is impossible to specify all. Had he devoted his -time to painting, which the constant employment with pencil and graver -prevented, he would have taken high rank as a painter of rural life, as -his pictures of "Sketching a Countryman," and "Interior of a Blacksmith's -Shop," exhibited in the Royal Academy when at Somerset House, testify, -as they are marked by perfect drawing and admirable expression. Some -miniatures on ivory, painted in his very youthful days, are marvellous -for close manipulation and correct likeness. After a long and painful -illness, borne with great fortitude, Mr. Williams expired on the 19th -September, his wife having predeceased him not quite six weeks, leaving -behind him four sons. - -J. T. - - * * * * * - - -SHAKSPEARE CORRESPONDENCE. - -_On a Passage in the Second Part of Henry IV.--The Death of Falstaff._--I -have read with much pleasure your very temperate remarks on the fiery -contributions of some of your correspondents; and I trust that, after -so gentle a rebuke from certainly the most good-natured Editor living, -all will henceforth go "merry as a marriage bell." Amongst the lore that -I have picked up since my first acquaintance with "N. & Q.," is that -profound truth, - - "'Tis a very good world that we live in:" - -but I must say I think it would be a very dull one if we all thought -alike; as "N. & Q." would be a very dull book if it were not seasoned -with differences of opinion, and its pages diversified with discussions -and ingenious argument. And what can be more agreeable, when, like an -animated conversation, it is conducted with fairness and good temper? - -However, now we are to start fair again; and to begin with a difference, -I must presume to question a decision of your own which I would fain see -recalled. I believe with you that MR. COLLIER'S _Notes and Emendations_ -gives the true reading of the passage in _Henry V._, "on a table of -green frieze," and I, moreover, think that Theobald's conjecture "and 'a -babbled o' green fields," was worthy of any poet. Theobald was engaged -in the laborious work of minute verbal correction, and necessarily took -an isolated view of particular passages. Presenting the difficulty which -this passage did, his suggestion was a happy and poetical thought. But -when you say that the scholiast excelled his author, we must take another -view of the case. The question is not as to which passage is the most -poetical, but which is most in place; which was the idea most natural -to be expressed. And in this I think you will admit that Shakspeare's -judgment must be deferred to, and that taking the character of Falstaff, -_together with the other circumstances detailed of his death_, it is not -natural that he should be represented as "babbling o' green fields." - -You are aware that Fielding, in his _Journey from this World to the -next_, met with Shakspeare, who, in answer to a similar question to that -put to Göthe, gave a like answer to the one you report. This arises in -a great measure from the imperfection of language; the most careful -writers at times express themselves obscurely. But with regard to Ben -Jonson, I should say that, though neither a mean nor an unfriendly -critic, he was certainly a prejudiced one. He saw Shakspeare from -the conventional-classic point of view, and {314} would doubtless -have "blotted" much that we should have regretted submitting to his -judgment. Yet, after all, the anecdote is not according to the fact. -Shakspeare _did_ "blot" thousands of lines, probably many more than Ben -Jonson himself ever did; and of this we have the best evidence in whole -plays almost re-written. Even in the single instance rare Ben gives of -Shakspeare's incorrectness, published many years after the latter's -death, the memory or hearing of the former either were at fault, or the -line had been "blotted." - -Absolute perfection is, of course, not to be looked for; there is no -such thing in reference to human affairs, unless it be in constant and -unobstructed growth and development. This is exhibited in Shakspeare's -writing to a degree shown by no other writer. The shortcomings of -Shakspeare are most evident when he is compared with himself,--the -earlier with the later writer. But take his earliest work, so far as -can be ascertained, in its earliest form, and the literature of the age -cannot produce its equal. - -SAMUEL HICKSON. - - "I knew there was but one way, for his nose was as sharp as a - pen, and 'a babbled of green fields."--_Shakspeare._ - - "I knew there was but one way, for his nose was as sharp as a - pen on a table of green frieze."--_Shakspeare corrected._ - -Some of the alterations in the manuscript corrections in MR. COLLIER'S -old edition of Shakspeare's plays I agree with, but certainly not in this -one, since we lose much and gain nothing by it. Shakspeare, in drawing -a character such as Falstaff, loaded with every vice that flesh is heir -to, and yet making him a favourite with the audience, must have been most -anxious respecting his death, and therefore awakened our sympathy in -his favour. In ushering in the account of the death-bed scene, he makes -Bardolph say: - - "Would I were with him, wheresome'er he is, either in heaven or - in hell." - -This expression Burns the poet considered the highest mark of regard that -one man could pay to another, for in his poem on a departed friend, he -says: - - "With such as he, where'er he be, - May I be saved, or damn'd." - -Mrs. Quickly, in describing the scene, says: - - "He's in Arthur's (Abraham's) bosom, if ever man went to - Arthur's bosom. 'A made a finer end, and went away, an it had - been any christom child; for after I saw him fumble with the - sheets, and play with flowers, and smile upon his finger's - ends, I knew there was but one way; for his nose was as sharp - as a pen, and 'a _babbled of green fields_." - -Mrs. Quickly, after describing the outward signs of decay and second -childishness, tells us he _babbled_. Shakspeare, as the only means of -gaining our forgiveness, makes him die in repentance for his sins, and -seems to have had the Twenty-third Psalm in his mind, where David puts -his trust in God's grace, when amongst other passages it says: "He maketh -me lie down in _green pastures_," and further on, "Yea, though I walk -through the valley of the shadow of death, I will fear no evil, for thou -art with me." I have endeavoured to give you a reason why I prefer the -_old_ reading of the text: if any of your correspondents will give a -better for the _new_, I shall be glad to see it, as I am convinced the -more we examine into the works of our wonderful bard, the more we shall -be convinced of his superhuman genius; we are, therefore, all indebted -to MR. COLLIER for his searching investigations, as they set us in a -reflective mood. - -J. B. - -Your just remarks on Theobald's "'a babbled of green fields" recalls -to me a note which I find appended to the passage in the margin of my -Shakspeare, - - "'A babbled of green fields, _i.e._ singing snatches of the - 23rd Psalm: - - 'In pastures green He feedeth me,' &c. - 'And though I walk e'en at death's door,' &c." - -This note I jotted down in my schoolboy days, and thirty years' -experience at the beds of the dying only convinces me of its correctness. -Again and again have I heard the same sweet strains hymned from the lips -of the dying, and soothing with hope the sinking spirit, ay, even of -great and grievous sinners. Indeed, I have come to stamp it as a sure -mark of impending death, and have said with the dame, "I knew there -was but one way, for 'a babbled of green fields;" though I trust with -different doctrine than her's, viz. that religion is the business of none -but the dying, and thence, that to talk of religion is a sure sign of -approaching death. - -When Falstaff "babbled of green fields," he was labouring under no -"calenture." His heart was far away amid the early fresh pure scenes of -childhood, and he was babbling forth snatches of hymns and holy songs, -learned on his mother's knee, and now called up, in his hour of need, -to cheer, as best they might, his parting spirit. Strange is it that -Theobald, when he suggested so happy an emendation, missed half its -beauty and its real bearing. - -Throughout the whole passage it is evident that Falstaff was ejaculating -scraps of long forgotten hymns and Scripture texts, which were utterly -incomprehensible to those about him. "'A babbled of green fields,"--"he -cried out of sack,"--"and of women,"--"incarnate,"--"whore of -Babylon,"--all suggest holy ejaculations, perverted by the ignorance of -the godless bystanders. - -In all Shakspeare there is hardly to be found a more touching scene, or -one more true to nature; {315} it is most graphic and characteristic. -The loneliness of the dying sinner, with none to stand by him but the -godless companions of his riot and debauchery; the eagerness of the -despairing man to catch at anything of the semblance of hope that he -could recall from the lessons of his childhood, "He shall feed me in a -green pasture," &c.--then--ere he could reach those assuring words, "Yea, -though I walk through the valley of the shadow of death, I will fear -no evil, for Thou art with me, Thy rod and Thy staff comfort me," the -miserable consciousness that it is all too late, "So 'a cried out God, -God, God;"--then--the utter want of religious sympathy in the bystanders, -Nym, Quickly, Bardolph, Boy, in their misinterpretations, and perverse -commentaries on his ejaculations, just such as we might expect from -hearts gorged to the full with vice and sensuality;--then--the redeeming -touch of tenderness in the Dame, beaming through all her benighted -efforts to cheer, in her own way (awful to think on, the only way known -to her), the last hours of her dear old roysterer, "Now I, to comfort -him, bid him 'a should not think of God, I hoped there was no need to -trouble himself with any such thoughts yet;" and the undying fondness -with which she upholds his memory, and will not brook a word of ribaldry, -or what _she_ deems slander, against it, all evidencing that-- - - "The worst of _sin_ had left her woman still." - -Surely a scene more characteristic of all the parties in it, is not to be -found in Shakspeare. - -NEMO. - - * * * * * - - -Minor Notes. - -_Doings of the Calf's Head Club._--In an old newspaper called _The Weekly -Oracle_, of Feb. 1, 1735, is the following curious paragraph: - - "Thursday (Jan. 29) in the evening a disorder of a very - particular nature happened in Suffolk Street; 'tis said that - several young gentlemen of distinction having met at a house - there, calling themselves the Calf's Head Club; and about seven - o'clock a bonfire being lit up before the door, just when it - was in its height, they brought a calf's head to the window - dressed in a napkin-cap, and after some huzzas, threw it into - the fire. The mob were entertained with strong beer, and for - some time hallooed as well as to best; but taking a disgust at - some healths which were proposed, grew so outrageous that they - broke all the windows, forced themselves into the house, and - would probably have pulled it down, had not the guards been - sent to prevent further mischief. The damage is computed at - some hundred pounds. The guards were posted all night in the - street for the security of the neighbourhood." - -E. G. BALLARD. - -_Epitaph by Wordsworth._--There is a beautiful epitaph by Wordsworth in -Sprawley Church, Worcestershire, to the wife of G. C. Vernon, Esq., of -Hanbury. Wordsworth has made the following slight alterations to it, in -his published poems: I quote from the one-volume 8vo. edition of Moxon -(1845). The first two lines are not on the tablet. The words within -brackets are those which appear in the original epitaph:-- - - "_By a blest husband guided, Mary came_ - _From nearest kindred_, Vernon _her new name_; - She came, though meek of soul, in seemly pride - Of happiness and hope, a youthful bride. - O dread reverse! if aught _be_ so which proves - That GOD will chasten whom he dearly loves, - Faith bore her up through pains in mercy given, - And troubles _that_ [which] were each a step to Heaven. - Two babes were laid in earth before she died; - A third now slumbers at the mother's side; - Its sister-twin survives, whose smiles _afford_ [impart] - A trembling solace to _her widow'd lord_ [her father's heart.] - - Reader! if to thy bosom cling the pain - Of recent sorrow combated in vain; - Or if thy cherish'd grief have fail'd to thwart - Time, still intent on his insidious part, - Lulling the mourner's best good thoughts asleep, - Pilfering regrets we would, but cannot, keep; - Bear with _him_ [those]--judge _him_ [those] gently who _makes_ - [make] known - _His_ [their] bitter loss by _this memorial_ [monumental] stone; - And pray that in _his_ [their] faithful breast the grace - Of resignation find a hallow'd place." - -CUTHBERT BEDE, B.A. - -_Tailor's "Cabbage."_-- - - "The term _cabbage_, by which tailors designate the cribbed - pieces of cloth, is said to be derived from an old word, - 'cablesh,' _i. e._ wind-fallen wood. And their 'hell,' where - they store the cabbage, from 'helan,' to hide." - -CLERICUS RUSTICUS. - -_Misquotations._--1. Sallust's memorable definition of friendship, as put -into the mouth of Catiline (cap. 20.), is quoted in the "Translation of -Aristotle's Ethics," in Bohn's _Classical Library_ (p. 241. note _h_), as -the saying of Terence. - -2. The _Critic_ of September 1st quotes the "Viximus insignes inter -utramque facem" of Propertius (lib. iv. 11. 46.) as from Martial. - -3. In _Fraser's Magazine_ for October 1852, p. 461., we find "Quem -patente portâ," &c. quoted from Terence instead of Catullus, as it is -correctly in the number for May, 1853. - -P. J. F. GANTILLON, B.A. - -_The Ducking Stool._--In the Museum at Scarborough, one of these engines -is preserved. It is said that there are persons still living in the town, -who remember its services being employed when it stood upon the old pier. -It is a substantial arm-chair of oak; with an iron bar extending {316} -from elbow to elbow, just as the wooden one is placed in child's chair to -prevent the occupant from falling forward. - -W. J. BERNHARD SMITH. - -Temple. - -_Watch-paper Inscription._--Akin to dial inscriptions are inscriptions on -watch-papers used in the days of our grandfathers, in the outer case of -the corpulent watch now a-days seldom seen. I send you the following one, -which I read many years since; but as I did not copy the lines, I cannot -vouch for their being strictly accurate: - - "Onward perpetually moving, - These faithful hands are ever proving - How quick the hours fly by; - This monitory pulse-like beating, - Seems constantly, methinks, repeating, - Swift! swift! the moments fly. - Reader, be ready--for perhaps before - These hands have made one revolution more - Life's spring is snapt--you die!" - -F. JAMES. - - * * * * * - - - - -Queries. - - -BIRTHPLACE OF GEN. MONK. - -In a clever biographical sketch by M. Guizot, originally published in a -French periodical (the _Revue Française_) under the title of "Monk, Etude -Historique," George Monk, first Duke of Albemarle, is said to have been -born on the 6th of December, 1608, at the manor-house of Potheridge, the -ancient inheritance of his family, in the county of Devon. - -This Potheridge (otherwise Pen-the-ridge) is, it appears, a village -or hamlet situated "on the ascendant ridge of a small hill," in the -parish of Merton, about four miles south-west of Torrington. As M. -Guizot's statement, in so far as locality is concerned, seems open to -doubt at least, if not positive exception, I wish to elicit, and place -on record, through the medium of "N. & Q." if I can, some farther and -perhaps more decisive information on the subject. In opposition to M. -Guizot's authority (whence derived or whatever it might be), Lysons, -in his account of Devonshire in the _Magna Britannia_, positively lays -the _venue_ of Monk's birth in the parish of Lancros or Landcross, near -Bideford, confirmatorily alleging that his baptism took place there on -the 11th of December in the year above mentioned. In another account, a -notice of the Restoration by M. Riordan de Muscry, appended to Monteth's -_History of the Rebellion_, he is said to have been born in Middlesex, -an assertion to which (in the absence of all authority) little value -can, of course, be given. The slightest local investigation, including -a reference to the parochial registers of Landcross and Merton, would, -however, probably at once solve the difficulty. But for the known -fidelity of Lysons, and the probability of his possessing superior -information on the specific point at issue over that of M. Guizot, I -should be most reluctant to impeach the accuracy of any statement of -fact, however trifling or minute, emanating from that distinguished -writer. Few indeed there are, even amongst our own historians, whose -claims on our faith, arising from close and accurate research, intimate -knowledge, clear perception, and thorough comprehension of the events -of that most eventful period of English history, commencing with the -Revolution of 1640, can (as manifested in their published works at -least) vie with those of M. Guizot. With some few of the opinions, -interpretations, constructions, and comments passed or placed by M. -Guizot on the life and actions of Monk in this same "Etude Historique," -I shall, perhaps (with all deference), be tempted to deal on some future -occasion. An able translation of the work, from the pen of the present -Lord Wharncliffe, appeared in 1838, the year immediately succeeding its -first publication. The prefatory observations and valuable notes there -introduced richly illustrate the text of M. Guizot, whose labours, in -this instance, are certainly not discreditably reflected through the -medium of his English editor. With one expression of Lord Wharncliffe's, -however (in the note to which this paper chiefly refers), I take leave -to differ, wherein he hints that the question of Monk's birthplace can -have little interest beyond the limits of the county of Devon, clearly a -palpable error. - -F. KYFFIN LENTHALL. - - * * * * * - - -Minor Queries. - -_Harmony of the Four Gospels._--Can any of your correspondents furnish me -with the date of the earliest Harmony, or the titles of any early ones? -Any information on the subject will much oblige - -Z.4. - -_The Noel Family._-Will any of your readers be kind enough to give me -information on the following point? About the commencement of the last -century, a Rev. Wm. Noel lived at Ridlington, county of Rutland: he was -rector of that parish about the year 1745. What relation was he to the -Earl of Gainsborough then living? Was it not one of the daughters of this -clergyman who married a Capt. Furye? - -TEECEE. - -_Council of Trent._--References are requested to any worlds illustrative -of the extent of knowledge attainable by the Romish clergy at the -sittings of this council, in (1.) ecclesiastical antiquities, (2.) -historical traditions, (3.) biblical hermeneutics. - -T. J. BUCKTON. - -Birmingham. - -{317} - -_Roman Catholic Patriarchs._--Has any bishop in the Western Church held -the title of patriarch besides the Patriarch of Venice? And what peculiar -authority or privileges has he? - -W. FRASER. - -Tor-Mohun. - -_The "Temple Lands" in Scotland._--I am anxious to learn some particulars -of these lands. I recollect of reading, some time ago, that the -superiorities of them had been acquired by John B. Gracie, Esq., W. S. -Edinburgh; but whether by purchase or otherwise, I did not ascertain. Mr. -Gracie died some four or five years ago. Perhaps some correspondent will -favour me with some information on the subject. In the Justice Street -of Aberdeen, there is a tenement of houses called Mauchlan or Mauchline -Tower Court, which is said to have belonged to the order. In the charters -of this property, themselves very ancient, reference is made to another, -of about the earliest date at which the order began to acquire property -in Scotland. - -ABREDONENSIS. - -_Cottons of Fowey._--A family of "Cotton" was settled at Fowey, in -Cornwall, in the seventeenth century. The first name of which I have any -notice is that of Abraham Cotton, who married at Fowey in 1597. They -bore for their arms, Sable, a chevron between three cotton-hanks, Or a -crescent for difference: crest, a Cornish chough holding in the beak -a cotton-hank proper. William Cotton, mayor of Plymouth in 1671, was -probably one of this family. The name is not Cornish; and these Cottons -had without doubt migrated at no distant period from some other part of -the kingdom. Any information relating to the family or its antecedents -will be very gratefully received by - -R. W. C. - -_Draught or Draft of Air._--Will some of your contributors inform a -reader what term or word may be correctly used to signify the phrase -"current of air" up the flue of a chimney, or through a room, &c.? The -word _draught_ or _draft_ is generally or universally used; but that -signification is not to be found attached to the word _draught_ or -_draft_ in any dictionary accessible to the inquirer. The word is used by -many English scientific writers, and was undoubtedly used by Dr. Franklin -to signify a current of air in the flue of a chimney (see also Ure's -_Dict._). Yet the word cannot be found in Johnson or Ogilvie's _Imp. -Dict._ with this signification. The word "tirage" is also used by French -writers with the above signification; and though in French dictionaries -its meaning is nearly the same, and nearly as extended as the English -word _draught_ or _draft_, yet it cannot be found in the _Dict. de -l'Acad._ to signify as above. - -New York. - -_Admiral Sir Thomas Tyddeman_ commanded the squadron sent during the -war with the Dutch in the reign of Charles II. to assist in the capture -of certain richly laden merchant vessels which had put into Bremen, but -(owing to the treachery of the Danish governor, who instead of acting in -concert with the English, as had been agreed, opened fire upon them from -the town) was unable to effect his purpose. - -After the admiral's return to England, a question was raised as to his -conduct during the engagement; and some persons went so far as to accuse -him of cowardice; but the Duke of York, who was then in command of the -fleet, entirely freed him from such charges, and declared that he had -acted with the greatest discretion and bravery in the whole affair. - -He died soon after this, in 1668, according to Pepys's account, of a -broken heart occasioned by the scandal that had been circulated about -him, and the slight he felt he was suffering from the Parliament. -Perhaps some of your readers can inform me where I may meet with farther -particulars relating to Admiral Tyddeman. I am particularly desirous to -gain information as to his family and his descendants; also to learn upon -what occasion he was created a baronet or knight. - -CAPTAIN. - -_Pedigree Indices._--Is there any published table of kin to Sir Thomas -White, the founder of St. John's College, Oxford, or of William of -Wykeham, after the plan of _Stemmata Chicheliana_? - -Is there any Index to the Welsh and Irish pedigrees in the British -Museum? Sims' valuable book is confined to England. - -Are there Indices to the pedigrees in the Lambeth Library, or the -Bodleian Library at Oxford? - -The proper mode of making a search in the Universities of Oxford and -Cambridge wanted? - -Y. S. M. - -_Apparition of the White Lady._--I observe in two works lately published, -an allusion made to an apparition of the "White Lady," as announcing the -death of a prince; in the one case of the throne of Brandenburgh[3], the -other that of France.[4] Can any of your readers point out the origin of -this popular tradition? - -C. M. W. - -[Footnote 3: In Michaud's _Biographie_.] - -[Footnote 4: _Louis XVII._, by A. De Beauchesne.] - -_Rundlestone._--Can any information be given of the origin of the term -"Rundlestone," as applied to a rock off the Land's End; and also to a -remarkable stone near Hessory Tor? (Vide Mr. Bray's Journal, Sept. 1802, -in Mrs. Bray's work on the Tamar and Tavy: and see also in the Ordnance -Maps.) - -J. S. R. - -Garrison Library, Malta. - -{318} - -_Tottenham._--What is the derivation of Tottenham Park, Wilts, and of -Tottenham Court Road? The ancestor of the Irish family of that name was -from Cambridgeshire. - -Y. S. M. - -_Duval Family._--Is or was there a French family of the name of Duval, -gentilhommes; and if so, can any relationship be traced between such -family and the "Walls of Coolnamuck," an ancient Anglo-Norman family of -the south of Ireland, who are considered to have been originally named -"Duval?" - -H. - -_Noses of the Descendants of John of Gaunt_ (Vol. vii., p. 96.).--What -peculiarity have they? I am one, and I know many others; but I am at _a -loss to know_ the meaning of E. D.'s remark. - -Y. S. M. - -_General Wall._--Can any of your Irish correspondents give me any -information respecting the parentage and descent of General Richard Wall, -who was Prime Minister at the Court of Spain in the year 1750 or 1753 -(vide Lord Mahon); also whether the General belonged to that branch of -the Walls of Coolnamuck, whose property fell into the hands of certain -English persons named Ruddall, in whose family some Irish property still -remains? - -Did the general have any sisters? Is there any monograph life of the -general? - -H. - -_John Daniel and Sir Ambrose Nicholas Salter._--Can any of the readers of -"N. & Q." give any information respecting one John Danyel or Daniel, of -Clement's Inn, who translated from the Spanish, _Jehovah, A free Pardon -with many Graces therein contained, granted to all Christians by our most -Holy and Reuerent Father God Almightie, the principal High Priest and -Bishoppe in Heaven and Earth, 1576_; and _An excellent Comfort to all -Christians against all kinde of Calamities, 1576_? - -Also any information respecting Sir Ambrose Nicholas Salter, son of John -Nicholas of Redingworth, in Huntingdonshire, to whom the first tract is -dedicated; or of his mayoralty of the city of London, 1575-6. - -B. B. W. - -_Edward Bysshe._--I shall feel particularly obliged to any of your -correspondents who will favour me with a biographical notice of Edward -Bysshe, author of _The Art of English Poetry, The British Parnassus_, -&c., especially the dates and places of his birth and death. - -CIVIS. - -_President Bradshaw and John Milton._--In a pamphlet by T. W. Barlow, -Esq., of the Honorable Society of Gray's Inn, entitled _Cheshire, its -Historical and Literary Associations_, published in 1852, it is stated -that among the memorials of friends which President Bradshaw's will -contains, is a bequest of _ten pounds_ to his _kinsman, John Milton_, -which cannot be said to be an insignificant legacy two centuries ago. - -Can any of your numerous correspondents afford a clue to the family -connexion between these distinguished individuals? - -T. P. L. - -Manchester. - - * * * * * - - -Minor Queries with Answers. - -_Ket the Tanner._--Can you or any of your correspondents give me any -information about "Ket the Tanner;" or refer me to any book or books -containing a history or biography of that remarkable person? As I want -the information for a historical purpose, I hope you will give me as -lengthy an account as possible. - -W. J. LINTON. - -Brantwood, Coniston, Lancashire. - -[A long account of Ket, and his insurrection, is given in Blomefield's -_Norfolk_, vol. iii. pp. 222-260., edit. 1806. Incidental notices -of him will be also found in Alexander Nevyllus' _Norfolke Furies -and their Folye, under Ket, their accursed Captaine_, 4to., 1623; -Strype's _Ecclesiastical Memorials_, vol. i.; Heylin's _History of the -Reformation_; Stow's _Chronicle_; Godwin's _Annales of England_; and -Sharon Turner's _Modern History of England_, under Edward VI. A Fragment -of the Requests and Demands of Ket and his Accomplices is preserved in -the Harleian MS. 304. art. 44.] - -"_Namby-pamby._"--What is the derivation of namby-pamby? - -Clericus Rusticus. - -[Sir John Stoddart, in his article "Grammar" (_Ency. Metropolitana_, -vol.i. p. 118.), remarks, that the word "_Namby-pamby_ seems to be of -modern fabrication, and is particularly intended to describe that style -of poetry which affects the infantine simplicity of the nursery. It would -perhaps be difficult to trace any part of it to a significant origin."] - - * * * * * - - - - -Replies. - - -EDITIONS OF BOOKS OF COMMON PRAYER. - -(Vol. vii., pp. 18. 91. 321.) - -As you have printed various lists of Prayer-Books, I send you the -following of such books as are in my own possession. Other persons may, -perhaps, send lists of copies in private libraries: - - 1549. Book of Common Prayer. Whitchurch. June. Folio. - 1549. May. Folio. (Wants title and last leaf.) - 1549. June. Folio. (Last leaf wanting.) - 1552. Whitchurch. Folio. - 1552. Grafton. Folio. (Title wanting) - 1552. Whitchurch. 4to. The first edition to which the prose - Psalter and the Godly Prayers were appended. - 1567. 4to. (No title.) - 1571. 24mo. - - {319} - - 1580. Folio. - 1574. 4to. - 1578. Folio. - 1551. Ordinatio Ecclesiæ seu Ministerii, &c. 4to. A Latin - translation of the Book of 1549. - 1548. Ordo Distributionis Sacramenti, &c. 12mo. A Latin - translation of the Order of Communion. - 1571. Liber Precum Publicarum, &c. Londini, 24mo. - 1574. 8vo. - 1596. 8vo. - 1604. Book of Common Prayer. Folio. (Royal Arms on sides.) - The first edit. of the reign of James I. - 1605. Folio. - 1605. Folio. - 1614. 4to. - 1615. Folio. - 1618. 4to. - 1616. 12mo., bound in silver by the nuns of Little Gidding. - 1621. 4to. In Welsh. - 1622. Folio. - Liturgia Inglesia, 4to., large paper. A Spanish translation, - made at the cost of Archbishop Williams. - 4to. The same. - 1616. La Liturgie Angloise, 4to., large paper. This translation - was also made at the charge of Williams. - 4to. The same. - 1625. Common Prayer. Folio. First edition of the reign of - Charles I. This copy was used by Secretary Nicholas, - in his family, during the period of the Commonwealth. - A clause in his own hand is inserted in the Prayer for - the King. - 1628. 12mo. - 1631. Folio. - 1633. Folio. - 1633. Edinburgh. 12mo. (Young.) - 1633. 12mo. The same. - 1634. 4to. - 1636. Folio, large paper. (Royal Arms on sides.) - 1636. Folio. - 1637. 4to. - 1637. 12mo. - 1639. 4to. - 1640. 24mo. - 1657. Edinburgh. Folio. (Young.) - 1713. 8vo., large paper. (Watson's reprint of the preceding.) - 1660. Folio. - 1660. Folio. (A different edition.) - 1660. 4to. - 1690. 12mo. - 1661. Folio, large paper, with the Form at the Healing. - 1662. Folio, large paper, with the Form at the Healing. - 1662. Folio, large paper. - 1662. Folio. - 1662. Folio. - 1662. Folio. Second edition of this year. - 1662. Cambridge. 8vo. - 1662. Cambridge. 8vo. Different edition. - 1669. Folio. - 1686. Folio. - 1687. Folio, large paper. - 1692. 8vo. - 1694. Folio. - 1699. 8vo. - 1700. 8vo. - 1703. Folio, with the Form at the Healing. - 1708. 8vo., with the Form at the Healing. - 1769. 12mo., with the Form at the Healing. - 1715. Folio, with the Form at the Healing. - -I have excluded from my list all those thin editions of the Prayer Book, -which were usually bound up with Bibles, except in three instances. The -exceptions are these:--The folio, 1578; Young's edition, 1633; and that -of 1715. Generally these thin books, which have only references to the -Epistles and Gospels, are of no value whatever. The exceptions in this -list, however, are important books. The book of 1578 was prepared by the -Puritans, and is so altered that the word _priest_ does not occur in a -single rubric. Young's book of 1633 is the first Prayer Book printed in -Scotland; and the edition of 1715 is remarkable for "The Healing," though -George I. never attempted to touch for the king's evil. - -Should you deem this list worth printing, I will send another of -_occasional forms_, now in my possession, from the reign of Elizabeth to -the accession of the House of Hanover. It may lead others to do the same, -and thus bring to light some forms not generally known. The Prayer Books -and occasional forms in our public libraries are known to most persons; -but it is important to ascertain the existence of others in private -collections. - -THOMAS LATHBURY. - -Bristol. - -I possess a copy of the Prayer Book of an edition I do not see mentioned -in any of the lists published in "N. & Q." It is small octavo, -_imprinted_ by Bonham, Norton, and John Bill, 1627. - -K. L. - - * * * * * - - -THE CRESCENT. - -(Vol. viii., p. 196.) - -Your correspondent W. ROBSON, in asking to have pointed out "the period -at which the crescent became the standard of Mahometanism," appears -to assume, what is more than doubtful, that it _has been_, and still -_is_ so. For although "modern poets and even historians have named it -as the antagonistic standard to the cross," the crescent cannot be -considered as "_the_ standard" of Mahometanism--emphatically, much less -exclusively--except in a poetical and figurative sense. That it is -_one_ among several standards, I admit; it is used by {320} the Turks -as an ornament, and probably as a symbol, of their dominion, or in -connexion with their religion. This may have originated in the following -fact:--Mahomet, at the introduction of his religion, said to his -followers, who were ignorant of astronomy, "When you see the new moon, -begin the fast; when you see the moon, celebrate the Bairam." And at this -day, although the precise time of the lunar changes may be ascertained -from their ephemerides, yet they never begin either the Ramazan, or -the Bairam, till some have testified that they have seen the new moon. -(Cantemir's _History of the Othman Empire_, pref. pp. iv, v.) But the -ancient Israelites had precisely the same custom in commencing _their_ -"new moons and appointed feasts." (See _Calmet_, art. "Month.") That -which may properly be called the standard of the Turks, is the _Sanjak -Cherif_, or Standard of the Prophet. It is of green silk[5], preserved in -the treasury with the utmost care, and never brought out of the seraglio -but to be carried to the army. This banner is supposed by the Turks to -ensure victory, and is the sacred signal to which they rally. (De Tott's -_Memoirs_, vol. ii. pp. 2, 3.) - -The military ensigns which the grand seignior bestows on the governors of -provinces and other great men, include the following: 1. The _sanjak_, -or standard, only distinguished from that of Mahomet by the colour, one -being red and the other green. 2. The _tug_, or standard consisting -of one, two, or three horse-tails, according to the dignity of the -office borne by him who receives it. Pachas of the highest rank are -distinguished by three tails, and the title _beglerbeg_, or prince of -princes. Those next in rank are the pachas of two tails, and the beys -are honoured but with one. These tails are not _worn_ by the pachas, -but fastened at the end of a lance, having a gilt handle, and carried -before the pacha, or fixed at the side of his tent. 3. The _alem_ is a -large broad standard, which instead of a spear-head has a silver plate in -the middle, bored in the shape of a _crescent or half-moon_. (Cantemir, -_Hist. Oth. Emp._, p. 10.) - -The sultan's barge, with canopy of purple silk, supported throne-like -by four gilt pillars, is adorned with _three gilt candlesticks_; and -only the capudan pacha, when going to sea, is allowed to have similar -ornaments, as he is then considered as _deriyá padishahi_, emperor of the -sea. Even the vizier is only permitted to display a canopy of green silk -on ivory pillars, but without candlesticks. (_Ib._, p. 424.) - -Thus it appears that the crescent holds but a subordinate position -among the ensigns at present in use among the Turks. As to its history, -I have found no trace of it in connexion with that of the Crusades. -Tasso, in _La Gerusalemme Liberata_, mentions "the spread standards" of -the soldan's army "waving to the wind" ("Sparse al vento ondeggiando -ir le bandiere," canto xx. st. 28.), but he makes no allusion to _the -crescent_. I have not access to Michaud's _Histoire des Croisades_, and -shall be glad if your correspondent will quote the passage to which he -has referred. Does Michaud speak of it as existing _at that time_? This -does not clearly appear from the reference. There were several sultans -named Mahomet who reigned in or near the age of the Crusades, two of the -Seljak dynasty; the first the conqueror of Bagdad, the second cotemporary -with Baldwin III., king of Jerusalem. In the Carizmian dynasty, Mahomet -I. was cotemporary with Godfrey, Baldwin I., and Baldwin II.; and -Mahomet II. commenced his reign about A.D. 1206. But the conqueror of -Constantinople, Mahomet II., was of the Othman dynasty, and lived some -centuries later, the fall of that city having taken place A.D. 1453. _To -which_ of these eras does Michaud ascribe the use of _the crescent_ for -the first time? - -After all, perhaps, the Turkish crescent, like the modern crown of -Western Europe, may be but a variation of the horn, the ancient symbol of -authority, so often alluded to in the Old Testament. The _two_ cusps or -horns of the crescent, and the circle of diverging _rays_ in the diadem, -suggest that the variation is simply one of number; and the derivation is -strongly corroborated by etymology. The Hebrew word קרן (_keren_) is -connected with, and possibly the original source of, our two words _horn_ -and _crown_. Its dual (_karnaim_) signifies _horns_ or _rays_, as in -Habak. iii. 4. - -A fact mentioned by D'Herbelot may have some connexion with the Turkish -crescent. When the celebrated warrior, Tamugin, whose conquests preceded -those of the Othman dynasty, assumed in a general assembly of the -Moguls and Tartars the title of _Ghenghis Khan_, or king of kings, "Il -y ordonna qu'une cornette blanche seroit dorénavant l'étendart général -de ses troupes" (_Bibliothèque Orientale_, p. 379.). Thus did the Mogul -conqueror (to use the words of the Psalmist) "lift up the horn on -high." (Psalm lxxv. 5.) About half a century after the death of Ghengis -Khan, Aladin, Sultan of Iconium, conferred on Othman, who afterwards -founded the Turkish empire, the _tabl alem_--the drum, standards, and -other ornaments of a general. (Cantemir, _Hist. Oth. Emp._, p. 10.) The -explanation of the _alem_ by the historian in his annotations, I have -already quoted. This is the only allusion to the crescent as an ensign -that I have met with in Cantemir. - -{321} - -The painters of Christendom (no high authorities in this matter) often -represent the crescent as a part of Turkish costume, worn in front -of the turban. But in the portraits of the Turkish emperors, "taken -from originals in the grand seignior's palace," there appears no such -ornament. (See the plates in Cantemir's _History_.) Many of them are -represented as wearing the _sorgus_, a crest of feathers adorned with -precious stones. Like the horn, it is an emblem of authority. Many of -them have two fastened to the turban. - -Your correspondent states that "the crescent is common upon the reverses -of coins of the Eastern empire long before the Turkish conquest." I -think this highly probable, but would be glad to see the authorities for -the fact. I cannot admit, however, that the crescent was in any degree -"peculiar to Sclave nations" for, first, the Sclave nations reached -no farther south than Moravia, Bohemia, and their vicinity, they did -not occupy the seat of the Eastern empire, which was partly Greek and -partly Roman. Secondly, though I have no work on numismatics to consult, -I have casually met with instances in which the heavenly bodies are -represented on Persian, Phœnician, and Roman coins. As instances, in -Calmet's _Dictionary_, art. "Moloch," is represented a Persian coin with -the figures of a star and _crescent_; in the Pictorial Bible, 2 Chron. -xv. 16., a Phœnician coin bearing a _crescent_; and in Matt. xx. 1., -on a Roman coin of Augustus, there is the figure of a star. The Turks, -however, stamp nothing on their coins but the emperor's name and the date -of coinage. - -Again, in European heraldry, Frank, German, Gothic, and not Sclave, the -_crescent_ appears; in "common charges," for example, as one of the -emblems of power, glory, &c. and among "differences," to distinguish a -second son. - -Should the above facts tend to throw any light on the subject of your -correspondent's inquiry, I shall be gratified; and if any of my views can -be shown to be erroneous, it will afford me equal pleasure to correct -them. - -J. W. THOMAS. - -Dewsbury. - -[Footnote 5: So says De Tott; Cantemir says it is _red_. But this -discrepancy in the authorities is easily accounted for, since the -_Sanjak Cherif_ is so sacred that it must be looked upon by none but -the _Muslimans_, the true believers. If seen by the eyes of _giaours_ -(unbelievers), it would be profaned. (De Tott, _Memoirs_, p. 3.)] - - * * * * * - - -SEALS OF THE BOROUGH OF GREAT YARMOUTH. - -(Vol. viii., p. 269.) - -I fear that the result of my researches will be but of little service; -but your Querist is heartily welcome to the mite I offer. - -The second seal appears to have been the seal of assay; probably used for -certifying the correctness of the king's beam, or for sealing documents -authorising exports, of which there were formerly many and various from -this port. Yarmouth was held by the kings until 9 John, when a charter -was granted to his burgesses, inhabitants of Gernemue, that they should -henceforth hold the town in "fee-farm," paying yearly the sum of 55_l._ -in lieu of all rents, tolls, &c. Probably on this occasion a seal of -arms was granted. About the year 1306 a dispute fell out between Great -Yarmouth and the men of Little Yarmouth and Gorleston adjoining, the -latter insisting on the right to load and unload fish in their harbours; -but the former prevailed as being free burgh, which the others were not. -In 1332 a charter was granted (6 Ed. III.) for adjusting these disputes, -wherein it was directed-- - - "That ships laden with wool, leather, and skins upon which - the great custom is due, shall clear out from that port where - our beam and the seal called _coket_ remain, and nowhere else - (ubi thronus noster et sigillum nostrum, quod dicitur _coket_, - existunt, et non alibi carcentur)." - -What _coket_ is, I am unable to say: but the king's beam for weighing -merchandise, called _thronus_ or _tronus_, stood usually in the most -public place of the town or port. The legend on this seal appears to be -old French, and is evidently the "seal of assay of Great Yarmouth." - -The third seal has probably belonged to Little Yarmouth. The arms -of Great Yarmouth were "azure three herrings in pale argent." It is -not unlikely that during disputes between the two ports the Little -Yarmouthites might assume a seal of arms; but as such thing were more -carefully looked after then than in these degenerate days, they would -not venture on the _three herrings_, but content themselves with one; -and they might desire to dignify their town as "New" instead of "Little" -Yarmouth. - -With regard to the first seal, I should judge from its oval shape, the -cross, and legend, that it is ecclesiastic, and has no connexion with -Yarmouth. - -BROCTUNA. - -Bury, Lancashire. - - * * * * * - - -MOON SUPERSTITIONS. - -(Vol. viii., pp. 79. 145.) - -Notwithstanding the authority upon which MR. INGLEBY founds the -assertion, that there is not the "slightest observable dependence" -between the moon and the weather, the dictum is open to something more -than doubt. That the popular belief of a full moon bringing fine weather -is not strictly correct, is undoubted; and the majority of the popular -ideas entertained on the influence of the moon on the weather are equally -fallacious; but that the moon exerts no influence whatever on the changes -of the weather, is a statement involving grave errors. - -The action of the moon on meteorological processes is a highly complex -problem; but the principal {322} conclusions to which scientific -observations tend, on this matter, may be pointed out without perhaps -encroaching too much on the space of "N. & Q." - -Luke Howard, of Ackworth, several years ago, concluded, from a series of -elaborate observations, extending over many years, that the moon exerted -a distinct influence on atmospheric pressure: and Col. Sabine has more -recently shown, from observations made at the British Magnetical and -Meteorological Observatory at St. Helena since 1842-- - - "That the attraction of the moon causes the mercury in the - barometer to stand, on the average, .004 of an English inch - higher when the moon is on the meridian above or below - the pole, than when she is six hours distant from the - meridian."--_Cosmos_, vol. i. note 381, (author. trans.); - _Phil. Trans._, 1847, art. v. - -Luke Howard farther gives cogent reasons, from his tabulated -observations, for the conclusion that the moon has an appreciable effect -upon the weather, exerted through the influence of its attraction on -the course and direction of the winds, upon which it acts as a marked -disturbing cause; and through them it affects the local distribution of -temperature, and the density of the atmosphere. There is no constant -agreement between the _phases_ of the moon and certain states of the -weather; but an apparent connexion is not unfrequently observed, due -to the prevalence of certain winds, which would satisfactorily account -for the origin and persistence of the popular belief: for, "it is the -peculiar and perpetual error of the human understanding to be more moved -and excited by affirmatives than negatives" (_Nov. Org._, Aph. 46.). For -example, in 1807, "not a twentieth part of the rain of the year fell in -that quarter of the whole space, which occurred under the influence of -the moon at full" (_Lectures on Meteorology_, by L. Howard, 1837, p. -81.). In 1808, however, this phase lost this character completely. - -A more marked relation is found between the state of the weather and the -_declination_ of the moon: for-- - - "It would appear, that while the moon is far south of the - equator, there falls but a moderate quantity of rain with us; - that while she is crossing the equator towards these latitudes, - our rain increases; that the greatest depth of rain falls, with - us, in the week in which she is in the full north declination, - or most nearly vertical to these latitudes; and that during her - return over the equator to the south, the rain is reduced to - its minimum quantity. _And this distribution obtains in very - nearly the same proportions both in an extremely dry and in an - extremely wet season._"--_Climate of London_, by L. Howard, - vol. ii. p. 251., 1820. - -Still more recently, Luke Howard has summed up the labours of his life on -this subject, and he writes: - - "We have, I think, evidence of a great _tidal wave_, or swell - in the atmosphere, caused by the moon's attraction, preceding - her in her approach to us, and following slowly as she departs - from these latitudes. Were the atmosphere a calm fluid ocean - of air of uniform temperature, this tide would be manifested - with as great regularity as those of the ocean of waters. But - the currents uniformly kept up by the sun's varying influence - effectually prevent this, and so complicate the problem. - - "There is also manifest in the lunar influence a _gradation - of effects_, which is here shown, as it is found to operate - _through a cycle of eighteen years_. In these the mean weight - of our atmosphere increases through the forepart of the period; - and having kept for a year at the maximum it has attained, - decreases again through the remaining years to a minimum; about - which there seems to be a fluctuation, before the mean begins - to rise again."--"On a Cycle of Eighteen Years in the Height - of the Barometer" (_Papers on Meteorology_, Part II.; _Phil. - Trans._, 1841, Part II.). - -It is satisfactory to all interested in this matter to know that "the -incontestable action of our satellite on atmospheric pressure, aqueous -precipitations, and the dispersion of clouds, will be treated in the -latter and purely telluric portion of the _Cosmos_" (vol. iii. p. 368., -and note 596, where an interesting illustration is given of the effects -of the radiation of heat from the moon in the upper strata of our -atmosphere). - -JNO. N. RADCLIFFE. - -Dewsbury. - -Not being quite satisfied with MR. INGLEBY'S answer to W. W.'s Query, -I beg to refer inquirers to the _Nautical Magazine_ for July, 1850, -and three subsequent months, in which will be found a translation by -Commander L. G. Heath, R.N., of a paper published by M. Arago in the -_Annuaire du Bureau des Longitudes_ for the year 1833, entitled "Does the -Moon exercise any appreciable Influence on our Atmosphere?" This treatise -enters fully into the subject, and gives the results of several courses -of experiments extending over many years; which go to prove that in -Germany, at all events, there is more rain during the waxing than during -the waning moon. Several popular errors are shown to have arisen in the -belief that certain appearances in the moon, really the _effect_ of -peculiar states of the atmosphere, were the _cause_ of such atmospheric -peculiarities; but we are allowed some ground for supposing that this -"vulgar error" may have some foundation in "vulgar truth." - -G. WILLIAM SKYRING. - - * * * * * - - -LATIN RIDDLE. - -(Vol. viii., p. 243.) - -The enigma of Aulus Gellius (_Noctes Atticæ_, lib. xii. cap. vi.), though -transmitted to us in a corrupt form, is solved at once by the story -mentioned by Livy (lib. i. cap. lv.). When Tarquinius {323} Superbus was -about to build the Temple of Jupiter Capitolinus, it was found necessary -to "exaugurate" or dispossess the other deities whose shrines had -previously occupied the ground. All readily gave way to Father Jupiter -with the exception of _Terminus_; and the point of the riddle lies in the -analogy between "_Semel_ minus," "_Bis_ minus," and "_Ter_ minus." - -I extract a note from the copy of Aulus Gellius before me: - - Barthius (_Adv._, lib. xvi. cap. xxii.) hos versus ita legebat: - - 'Semel minus? Non. Bisminus? Non. Sat scio. - An utrumque? Verum; ut quondam audivi dicier, - Jovi ipsi regi noluit concedere.' - - "Ita et trimetri sua sibi constant lege, et acumen repetitis - interrogatiunculis. Alioquin frigidum responsum. Potest tamen - ita intelligi, ut semel, bis, imo ter Jove minus sit, et - noluerit tamen Jovi cedere."--Page 560. N.: Lugd. Batav., 1706, - 4to. - -Lactantius, "the Christian Cicero," thus tells the story: - - "Nam cum Tarquinius Capitolium facere vellet, eoque in loco - multorum deorum sacella essent: consuluit eos per augurium; - utrum Jovi cederent, et cedentibus cæteris, solus Terminus - mansit. Unde illum Poeta 'Capitoli immobile Saxum' vocat - (Virg., _Æn._ ix. 441.). Facto itaque Capitolio, supra ipsum - Terminum foramen est in tecto relictum: ut quia non cesserat, - libero cœlo frueretur."--_De Falsa Relig._, lib. i. cap. xx. - _ad fin._ - -Livy, in a subsequent book (v. 45.), Dionysius of Halicarnassus (_Antiqu. -Rom._, lib. iii. cap. lxix.) and Florus assert that _Juventas_ also -refused to move; and St. Augustine tells the same story of _Mars_. I may -as well quote his words: - - "Cum Rex Tarquinius Capitolium fabricare vellet, eumque locum - qui ei dignior aptiorque videbatur, ab Diis aliis cerneret - præoccupatum, non audens aliquid contra eorum facere arbitrium, - et credens eos tanto numini suoque principi voluntate - cessuros; quia multi erant illic ubi Capitolium constitutum - est, per augurium quæsivit, utrum concedere locum vellent - Jovi: atque ipsi inde cedere omnes voluerunt, præter illos, - quos commemoravi, Martem, Terminum, Juventatem: atque ideo - Capitolium ita constitutum est, ut etiam iste tres intus - essent tam obscuris signis, ut hoc vix homines doctissimi - scirent."--_De Civit. Dei_, lib. iv. cap. xxiii. 3. - -Nor must I omit the following from Ovid: - - "Quid, nova quum fierent Capitolia? Nempe Deorum - Cuncta Jovi cessit turba, locumque dedit, - Terminus ut memorant veteres, inventus in æde, - Restitit, et magno cum Jove templa tenet. - Nunc quoque, se supra ne quid nisi sidera cernat, - Exiguum templi tecta foramen habent." - - _Fast._, lib. ii. 667., &c. - -Much more information may be found in Smith's _Dictionary of Greek and -Roman Biography_, &c., sub voc. TERMINUS. Servius, _ad Aen._ ix. 448. -Politiani, _Miscell._ c. 36. _Histoire Romaine_, par Catrou et Rouille, -vol. i. p. 343. &c., N.: à Paris, 1725, 4to. Grævii, _Thesaur. Antiqu. -Rom._, vol. ix. 218. N., and vol. x. 783. Traject. ad Rhen., 1699, fol. -Plutarch, in _Vit. Numæ_. - -ROBERT GIBBINGS. - - * * * * * - - -"HURRAH!" - -(Vol. viii., p. 20. &c.) - -In two previous Numbers (Vol. vi., p. 54.; Vol. vii., p. 594.) Queries -have been inserted as to the derivation of the exclamations _Hurrah!_ and -_Hip, hip, hurrah!_ These have elicited much learned remark (Vol. vii., -p. 633.; Vol. viii., pp. 20. 277.), but still I think the real originals -have not yet been reached by your correspondents. - -As to _hip, hip!_ I fear it must remain questionable, whether it be not a -mere fanciful conjecture to resolve it into the initials of the war-cry -of the Crusaders, "Hierosolyma est perdita!" The authorities, however, -seem to establish that it should be written "hep" instead of _hip_. I -would only remark, _en passant_, that there is an error in the passage -cited by MR. BRENT (Vol. viii., p. 88.) in opposition to this mediæval -solution, which entirely destroys the authority of the quotation. He -refers to a note on the ballad of "Old Sir Simon the King," in which, on -the couplet-- - - "Hang up all the poor _hep_ drinkers, - Cries Old Sir Sim, the king of skinkers." - -the author says that "_hep_ was a term of derision applied to those who -drank a weak infusion of the hep (or _hip_) berry or sloe: and that the -exclamation 'hip, hip, hurrah!' is merely a corruption of 'hip, hip, -away!'" But, unfortunately for this theory, the hip is not the sloe, as -the annotator seems to suppose; nor is it capable of being used in the -preparation of any infusion that could be substituted for wine, or drunk -"with all the honours." It is merely the hard and tasteless _buckey_ -of the wild dog-rose, to the flower of which Chaucer likens the gentle -knight Sir Thopas: - - "As swete as is the bramble flour, - That beareth, the red _hepe_." - -This demurrer, therefore, does not affect the validity of the claim -which has been set up in favour of an oriental origin for this convivial -_refrain_. - -As to _hurrah!_ if I be correct in my idea of its parentage, there -are few words still in use which can boast such a remote and widely -extended prevalence. It is one of those interjections in which sound so -echoes sense, that men seem to have adopted it almost instinctively. In -India and Ceylon, the Mahouts and attendants of the baggage-elephants -cheer them on by perpetual repetitions of _ur-ré, ur-ré!_ The Arabs and -camel-drivers {324} in Turkey, Palestine, and Egypt encourage their -animals to speed by shouting _ar-ré, ar-ré!_ The Moors seem to have -carried the custom with them into Spain, where the mules and horses are -still driven with cries of _arré_ (whence the muleteers derive their -Spanish appellation of _arrieros_). In France, the sportsman excites the -hound by shouts of _hare, hare!_ and the waggoner turns his horses by -his voice, and the use of the word _hurhaut!_ In Germany, according to -Johnson (_in verbo_ HURRY), "_Hurs_ was a word used by the old Germans -in urging their horses to speed." And to the present day, the herdsmen -in Ireland, and parts of Scotland, drive their cattle with shouts of -_hurrish, hurrish!_ In the latter country, in fact, to _hurry_, or to -_harry_, is the popular term descriptive of the predatory habits of the -border reivers in plundering and "driving the cattle" of the lowlanders. - -The sound is so expressive of excitement and energy, that it seems to -have been adopted in all nations as a stimulant in times of commotion; -and eventually as a war-cry by the Russians, the English, and almost -every people of Europe. Sir Francis Palgrave, in the passage quoted from -his _History of Normandy_ ("N. & Q.," Vol. viii., p. 20.), has described -the custom of the Normans in raising the country by "the cry of _haro_," -or _haron_, upon which all the lieges were bound to join in pursuit of -the offender. This _clameur de haron_ is the origin of the English "hue -and cry;" and the word _hue_ itself seems to retain some trace of the -prevailing pedigree. - -This stimulating interjection appears, in fact, to have enriched the -French language as well as our own with some of the most expressive -etymologies. It is the parent of the obsolete French verb _harer_, "to -hound on, or excite clamour against any one." And it is to be traced in -the epithet for a worn-out horse, a _haridelle_, or _haridan_. - -In like manner, our English expressions, to _hurry_, to _harry_, and -_harass_ a flying enemy, are all instinct with the same impulse, and all -traceable to the same root. - -J. EMERSON TENNENT. - -The following extract frown Mr. Thos. Dicey's _Hist. of Guernsey_ (edit. -Lond. 1751), pp. 8, 9, 10., may be worth adding to the foregoing notes on -this subject: - - "One thing more relating to _Rollo_ Mr. Falle, in his account - of Jersey, introduces in the following manner, not only for the - singularity of it, but the particular concern which that island - has still in it, viz.-- - - "Whether it began through Rollo's own appointment, or took its - rise among the people from an awful reverence of him for his - justice, it matters not; but so it is, that a custom obtained - in his time, that in case of incroachment and invasion of - property, or of any other oppression and violence requiring - immediate remedy, the party aggrieved need do no more than - call upon the name of the Duke, though at never so great a - distance, thrice repeating aloud _Ha-Ro_, &c., and instantly - the aggressor was at his peril to forbear attempting anything - further.--_Aa!_ or _Ha!_ is the exclamation of a person - suffering; _Ro_ is the Duke's name abbreviated; so that _Ha-Ro_ - is as much as to say, _O! Rollo, my Prince, succour me._ - Accordingly (says Mr. Falle) with us, in Jersey, the cry is, - _Ha-Ro, à l'aide, mon Prince!_ And this is that famous _Clameur - de Haro_, subsisting in practice even when Rollo was no more, - so much praised and commented upon by all who have wrote on the - Norman laws. A notable example of its virtue and power was seen - about one hundred and seventy years after Rollo's death, at - William the Conqueror's funeral, when, in confidence thereof, - a private man and a subject dared to oppose the burying of his - body, in the following manner: - - "It seems that, in order to build the great Abbey of St. - Stephen at Caen, where he intended to lie after his decease, - the Conqueror had caused several houses to be pulled down - for enlarging the area, and amongst them one whose owner had - received no satisfaction for his loss. The son of that person - (others say the person himself) observing the grave to be dug - on that very spot of ground which had been the site of his - father's house, went boldly into the assembly, and forbid them, - _not in the name of God_, as some have it, but _in the name of - Rollo_, to bury the body there. - - "Paulus Æmylius, who relates the story, says that he addressed - himself to the company in these words:--'He who oppressed - kingdoms by his arms has been my oppressor also, and has kept - me under a continual fear of death. Since I have outlived him - who injured me, I mean not to acquit him now he is dead. The - ground whereon you are going to lay this man is mine; and I - affirm that none may in justice bury their dead in ground which - belongs to another. If, after he is gone, force and violence - are still used to detain my right from me, I APPEAL TO ROLLO, - the founder and father of our nation, who, though dead, lives - in his laws. I take refuge in those laws, owning no authority - above them.' - - "This uncommonly brave speech, spoken in presence of the - deceased king's own son, Prince Henry, afterwards our King - Henry I., wrought its effect: the _Ha-Ro_ was respected, - the man had compensation made him for his wrongs, and, all - opposition ceasing, the dead king was laid in his grave." - -J. SANSOM. - - * * * * * - - -PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE. - -_Process for Printing on Albumenized Paper._--The power of obtaining -agreeable and well-printed positives from their negatives being the great -object with all photographers, induces me to communicate the following -mode of preparing albumenized paper; a mode which, although it does not -possess any remarkable novelty, seems to me deserving of being made -generally known, from its giving a uniformity of results which may at all -times be depended upon. - -{325} - -Independently of the very rich and agreeable tones which may be produced -by the process which I am about to describe, it has the property of -affording permanent pictures, not liable to that change by time to -which pictures produced by the use of the ammonio-nitrate solution are -certainly liable. I have upon all occasions advocated the economical -practice of photography, and the present process will be found of that -character; but at the same time I can assure your readers that a rapidity -of action and intensity are hereby obtained with a 40-grain solution of -nitrate of silver, fully equal to those gained from solutions of 120, or -even 200, grains to the ounce, as is frequently practised. - -In eight ounces of water (distilled or not) dissolve forty grains of -common salt, and the same quantity of muriate of ammonia.[6] Mix this -solution with eight ounces of albumen; beat[7] the whole well together, -allow it to stand in tall vessel from twenty-four to forty hours, when -the clear liquor may be poured off into a porcelain dish rather larger -than the paper intended to be albumenized. - -Undoubtedly the best paper for this process, and relative quantity of -chemicals, is the _thin_ Canson Frères' but a much cheaper, and perhaps -equally suitable paper, is that made by Towgood of St. Neots. Neither -with Whatman's nor Turner's papers, excellent as they are for some -processes, have I obtained such satisfactory results. If the photographer -should unfortunately possess some of the thick paper of any inferior -makers, he had far better throw it away than waste his chemicals, time, -and temper upon the vain endeavour to turn it to any good account. - -The paper, having first been marked on the right-hand upper corner of the -smooth side, is then to be floated with that marked side on the albumen. -This operation, which is very easy to perform, is somewhat difficult to -describe. I will however try. Take the marked corner of the sheet in the -right-hand, the opposite corner of the lower side of the paper in the -left; and bellying out the sheet, let the lower end fall gently on to -the albumen. Then gradually let the whole sheet fall, so as to press out -before it any adherent particles of air. If this has been carefully done, -no air-bubbles will have been formed. The presence of an air-bubble may -however soon be detected by the puckered appearance, which the back of -the paper assumes in consequence. When this is the case, the paper must -be carefully raised, the bubble dispersed, and the paper replaced. A thin -paper requires to float for three minutes on the albumen, but a thicker -one proportionably longer. At the end of that time raise the marked -corner with the point of a blanket pin; then take hold of it with the -finger and thumb, and so raise the sheet steadily and _very slowly_, that -the albumen may drain off at the lower left corner. I urge this raising -it very slowly, because air-bubbles are very apt to form on the albumen -by the sudden snatching up of the paper. - -Each sheet, as it is removed from the albumen, is to be pinned up by the -marked corner on a long slip of wood, which must be provided for the -purpose. In pinning it up, be careful that the albumenized side takes an -inward curl, otherwise, from there being two angles of incidence, streaks -will form from the middle of the paper. During the drying, remove from -time to time, with a piece of blotting-paper, the drop of fluid which -collects at the lower corner of the paper. - -In order to fix the albumen, it is necessary that the paper should be -ironed with an iron as hot as can be used without singeing the paper. It -should be first ironed between blotting-paper, and when the iron begins -to cool, it may be applied directly to the surface of each sheet. - -To excite this paper it is only needful to float it carefully from three -to five minutes, in the same way as it was floated on the albumen, upon -a solution of nitrate of silver of forty grains to the ounce. Each sheet -is then to be pinned up and dried as before. It is scarcely necessary to -add, that this exciting process must be carried on by the light of a lamp -or candle. - -This paper has the property of keeping good for several days, if kept -in a portfolio. It has also the advantage of being very little affected -by the ordinary light of a room, so that it may be used and handled in -any apartment where the direct light is not shining upon it; yet in a -tolerably intense light it prints much more rapidly than that prepared -with the ammonio-nitrate. - -The picture should be fixed in a bath of saturated solution of hypo. The -hypo. never gets discoloured, and should always be carefully preserved. -When a new bath is formed, it is well to add forty grains of chloride of -silver to every eight ounces of the solution. - -A beautiful violet or puce tint, with great whiteness of the high lights, -may be obtained by using the following bath as a fixing solution: - - Hyposulphite of soda 8 ounces. - Sel d'or 7 grains. - Iodide of silver 10 grains. - Water 8 ounces. - -It may be as well to add, that although the nitrate of silver solution -used for exciting becomes {326} discoloured, it acts equally well, even -when of a dark brown colour; but it may always be deprived of its colour, -and rendered sufficiently pure again, by filtering it through a little -animal charcoal. - -HUGH W. DIAMOND. - -[Footnote 6: The addition of one drachm of acetic acid much facilitates -the easy application of the albumen to the paper; but it is apt to -produce the unpleasant redness so often noticeable in photographs. The -addition of forty grains of chloride of barium to the two muriates, -yields a bistre tint, which is admired by some photographers.] - -[Footnote 7: Nothing answers so well for this purpose as a small box-wood -salad spoon.] - - * * * * * - - -Replies to Minor Queries. - -_Anderson's Royal Genealogies_ (Vol. viii, p. 198.).--In reply to your -correspondent G., I may be permitted to remark that it is generally -understood that _no_ "memoir or biographical account" is extant of Dr. -James Anderson; but _short notices_ of him and his works will be found -on reference to the _Gentleman's Magazine_, vol. liii. p. 41.; Chalmers' -_General Biographical Dictionary_, 1812; Chambers' _Lives of Illustrious -Scotsmen_, 1833; _Biographical Dictionary of the Society of Useful -Knowledge_, 1843; and also in Rose's _New Biographical Dictionary_, 1848. - -T. G. S. - -Edinburgh. - -_Thomas Wright of Durham_ (Vol. viii., p. 218.).--It may interest MR. -DE MORGAN to be referred to a manuscript in the British Museum, marked -"Additional, 15,627.," which he will find to be one of the original -"note-books," if not the very note-book itself, from which the notice of -the life of Thomas Wright was compiled for the _Gentleman's Magazine_. -It is, in fact, an autobiography by Wright, written in the form of a -journal; and although containing entries as late as the year 1780, it -ceases to be continuous with the year 1748, and has no entries at all -between that year and 1756. This break in the journal sufficiently -accounts for the deficiency in the biography given by the _Gentleman's -Magazine_. - -I may mention, also, that the Additional MS. 15,628. contains Wright's -unpublished collections relative to British, Roman, and Saxon antiquities -in England. - -E. A. BOND. - -_Weather Predictions_ (Vol. viii., p. 218. &c.).--The following is a -Worcestershire saying: - - "When Bredon Hill puts on his hat, - Ye men of the vale, beware of that." - -Similar to this is a saying I have heard in the northern part of -Northumberland: - - "When Cheevyut (_i. e._ the Cheviot Hills) ye see put on his cap, - Of rain ye'll have a wee bit drap." - -There is a saying very common in many parts of Huntingdonshire, that when -the woodpeckers are much heard, rain is sure to follow. - -CUTHBERT BEDE, B.A. - -_Bacon's Essays_: _Bullaces_ (Vol. viii., pp. 167. 223.).--"Bullace" (I -never heard Bacon's plural used) are known in Kent as small white tartish -plums, which do not come to perfection without the help of a frost, and -so are eaten when their fellows are no more found. They have only been -cultivated of late years, I believe, but how long I cannot tell. - -G. WILLIAM SKYRING. - -Somerset House. - -"Bullaces" are a small white or yellow plum, about the size of a cherry, -like very poor kind of greengage, which, in ordinary seasons, when I was -a boy, were the common display of the fruit-stalls at the corners of the -streets, so common and well known that I can only imagine MR. HALLIWELL -to have misdescribed them by a slip of the pen writing black for white. - -FRANK HOWARD. - -"Gennitings" are early apples (_quasi June-eatings_, as "gilliflowers," -said to be corrupted from July flowers). For the derivation suggested to -me while I write, I cannot answer; but for the fact I can, having, while -at school in Needham Market, Suffolk, plucked and eaten many a "striped -genniting," while "codlins" were on a tree close by. And many a time have -I been rallied as a Cockney for saying I had gathered "enough" instead of -"enow," which one of your Suffolk correspondents has justly recorded as -the county expression applied to number as distinguished from quantity. - -FRANK HOWARD. - -_Nixon the Prophet_ (Vol. viii., p. 257.).--MR. T. HUGHES mentions Nixon -"to have lived and prophesied in the reign of James I., at whose court, -we are farther told, he was, in conformity with his own prediction, -starved to death." I have an old and ragged edition, entitled _The Life -and Prophecies of the celebrated Robert Nixon, the Cheshire Prophet_. -The "life" professes to be prepared from materials collected in the -neighbourhood of Vale Royal, on a farm near which, and rented by his -father, Nixon was born-- - - "on Whitsunday, and was christened by the name of Robert in the - year 1467, about the seventh year of Edward IV." - -Among various matters it is mentioned,-- - - "What rendered Nixon the most noticed was, that the time when - the battle of Bosworth Field was fought between King Richard - III. and King Henry VII., he stopped his team on a sudden, and - with his whip pointing from one land to the other, cried 'Now - Richard! now Henry!' several times, till at last he said, 'Now - Harry, get over that ditch and you gain the day!'" - -This the plough-holder related; it afterwards proved to be true, and -in consequence Robert was required to attend Henry VII.'s court, where -he was "starved to death," owing to having been locked in a room and -forgotten. The Bosworth Field prophecy, which has often been repeated, -{327} carries the time of Nixon's existence much before the period named -by T. HUGHES, namely, James I.'s reign. - -A HERMIT AT HAMPSTEAD. - -_Parochial Libraries_ (Vol. viii., p. 62.).--There is an extensive, and -rather valuable, library attached to St. Mary's Church, Bridgenorth, -presented to and for the use of the parishioners, by Dean Stackhouse -in 1750. It comprises some eight hundred volumes, chiefly divinity. -There are two or three fine MSS. in the collection, one especially -worthy of notice. A splendidly illuminated Latin MS., dated about 1460, -engrossed upon vellum, and extending to three hundred leaves (C. 62. in -the Catalogue). I noticed many fragments of early MSS. bound up with -Hebrew and Latin editions of the Bible; and a portion of a remarkably -fine missal, forming the dexter cover of a copy of Laertius _de Vita -Philosophica_ (4to. 1524). Surely a society may be formed, having for its -object the rescuing, transcribing, and printing of those scarcely noticed -fragments. MR. HALES' plan appears perfectly feasible. I am convinced -much interesting matter would be brought to light, if a little interest -was excited on the subject. - -R. C. WARDE. - -Kidderminster. - -Over the porch of Nantwich Church is a small room, once the repository -of the ecclesiastical records; but latterly (in consequence of the -sacrilegious abstraction of those documents by an unknown hand) used for -a library of theological works, placed there for the special behoof of -the neighbouring clergy. The collection is but a small one; and is, I -fear, not often troubled by those for whose use it was designed. - -T. HUGHES. - -Chester. - -_"Ampers and," &c._ (Vol. viii., p. 173.).--MR. C. MANSFIELD INGLEBY -having revived this Query without apparently being aware of the previous -discussion and of MR. NICHOLL'S solution, "and _per se_ and," may I be -permitted to enter a protest against the latter mixture of English and -Latin, though fully concurring in the statement of MR. NICHOLL, that it -is a rapidly formed _et_ (&). To the variety of pronunciations already -appearing in "N. & Q.," let me add what I believe will be found to be the -most general, _empesand_, which I believe to be a corruption from _emm, -ess, and_ (MS. and) by the introduction of a _labial_, as in many other -instances. But has any one ever seen it _spelt_ till the Query appeared -in "N. & Q.," and where? - -FRANK HOWARD. - -_The Arms of De Sissonne_ (Vol. viii., p. 243.).--There is a copy of -_Histoire Généalogique et Chronologique de la Maison Royale de France, -par le Père Anselme_, nine vols. folio, Paris, 1726-33, in the library -of Sir R. Taylor's Institution, Oxford. The arms of the Seigneurs de -Sissonne are not _blazoned_ in it. It is stated by Anselme, that - - "Louis, Bâtard de Sarrebruche-Roucy, fils naturel de Jean de - Sarrebruche, Comte de Roucy, fut Seigneur de Sissonne, servit - sous Jean d'Humières, et est nommé dans plusieurs actes des - années 1510, 1515, 1517, et 1518. Il fit un accord devant - le prevôt de Paris avec Robert de Sarrebruche, Comte de - Roucy, le 28 Mars, 1498, touchant la terre et châtellenie de - Sissonne."--Tome viii. p. 537. - -The arms of the "Comte de Sarrebruche, Sire de Commercy en Lorraine, -Conseiller et Chambellan du Roi, Bouteiller de France," &c., are -represented-- - - "D'azur semé de croix recroisetées au pied fiché d'or, au lion - d'argent couronné d'or sur le tout." - -The following are also extracts from the _Histoire Généalogique_: - - "Louis de Roucy, Comte de Sissonne, élection de Laon, portoit - d'or au lion d'azur."... - - "Le Nobiliaire de Picardie, in 4º. p. 46., donne à Louis de - Roucy, Comte de Sissonne, deux neveux, Charles et Louis de - Roucy, Seigneurs d'Origny et de Ste Preuve."--Tome viii. p. 538. - -J. MACRAY. - -_St. Patrick's Purgatory_ (Vol. vii., p. 552.).--Some degree of doubt -appearing to exist, by the statement in p. 178. of the present volume, -as to the position of the _real_ St. Patrick's Purgatory, I send the -following from Camden: - - "The _Liffey_," says he, "near unto his spring head, enlarges - his stream and spreads abroad into a _lake_, wherein appears - above the water an island, and in it, hard by a little - monastery, a very narrow vault within the ground, much spoken - of by reason of its religious horrors. Which cave some say was - dug by Ulysses when he went down to parley with those in hell. - - "The inhabitants," he continues, "term it in these days _Ellan - n' Frugadory_, that is, _The Isle of Purgatory_, or _St. - Patrick's Purgatory_. For some persons devoutly credulous - affirm that St. Patrick, the Irishmen's apostle, or else some - abbot of the same name, obtained by most earnest prayer at - the hands of God, that the punishments and torments which the - wicked are to suffer after this life, might _here_ be presented - to the eye; that so he might the more easily root out the sins - and heathenish errors which stuck so fast to his countrymen the - _Irish_." - -G. W. - -Stansted, Montfichet. - -_Sir George Carr_ (Vol. vii., pp. 512. 558.).--Since W. ST. and GULIELMUS -replied to my Query, I have discovered more particular information -regarding him. In a MS. in Trinity College, Dublin, I find the following: - - "Sir George Carr of Southerhall, Yorkshire, married, on Jan. - 15, 1637, Grissell, daughter of Sir Robert Meredith, Chancellor - of the Exchequer in Ireland; their son, William Carr, born - Jan. 11, 1639, married {328} on August 29, 1665, Elizabeth, - daughter of Francis (Edward) Synge, Bishop of Cork. There were - two children of this marriage: Edward, born Oct. 7, 1671 (who - died unmarried); and Barbara, born May 12, 1672; she married - John Cliffe, Esq., of Mulrankin, co. Wexford, and had several - children, of whom the eldest, John, was grandfather of the - present Anthony Cliffe of Bellevue, co. Wexford, Esq." - -Edward Synge was Bishop of Cork from Dec. 1663 to his death in 1678. - -Sir George Carr appears to be the son of William Carr, the eldest son of -James Carr of Yorkshire: see Harl. MS. 1487, 451. - -Sir Robert Meredith, father of Lady Carr, married Anne, daughter of Sir -William Upton, Clerk of the Council in Ireland. - -Could any of your correspondents give any account of the family of either -of them? - -Y. S. M. - -_Gravestone Inscription_ (Vol. viii., p. 268.).--The gravestone -inscription communicated by JULIA R. BOCKETT consists of the last four -lines of the ballad of "Death and the Lady" (see Dixon's _Ballads_, by -the Percy Society). They should be: - - "The grave's the market-place where all men meet, - Both rich and poor, as well as small and great: - If life were merchandise that gold could buy, - The rich would live, the poor alone would die." - -In the introduction to Smith's edition of Holbein's _Dance of Death_, the -editor says: - - "The concluding lines have been converted into an epitaph, _to - be found in most of our village churchyards_." - -Of the truth of which assertion the churchyard of Milton-next-Gravesend, -in Kent, furnishes an illustration, as I copied the lines from a stone -there some years ago. Being generally, I imagine, quoted from memory, -they do not appear to be exactly similar in any two instances. - -S. SINGLETON. - -Greenwich. - -"_A Tub to the Whale_" (Vol. viii., pp. 220. 304.).--I observe that a -Querist, PIMLICO, asks the origin of the phrase to "throw a tub to the -whale." I think an explanation of this will be found in the introduction -to Swift's _Tale of the Tub_. I cannot lay my hand on the passage, but it -is to the effect that sailors engaged in the Greenland fisheries make it -a practice to throw over-board a _tub_ to a wounded whale, to divert his -attention from the boat which contains his assailants. - -J. EMERSON TENNENT. - -_Hour-glasses in Pulpits_ (Vol. vii., p. 489.; Vol. viii., pp. 82. -209.).--Whilst turning over the pages of Macaulay's _History_, I -accidentally stumbled upon the following passage, which forms an -interesting addition to the Notes already collected in your pages. -Speaking of Gilbert Burnet, Bishop of Salisbury, he says: - - "He was often interrupted by the deep hum of his audience; - and when, after preaching out the hour-glass, which in those - days was part of the furniture of the pulpit, he held it in - his hand, the congregation clamorously encouraged him to go on - till the sand had run off once more."--Macaulay's _History_, - vol. ii. p. 177. edit. 8., with a reference in a foot-note to - Speaker Onslow's Note on _Burnet_, i. 596.; Johnson's _Life of - Sprat_. - -The hour-glass stand at St. Alban's, Wood Street, appears to be a -remarkable example: see Sperling's _Church Walks in Middlesex_, p. -155., and Allen's _Lambeth_. And in the report of the meeting of the -Archæological Association at Rochester, in the _Illustrated London News_ -of the 6th August, 1853, it is noted that in the church at Cliff, "the -pulpit has an hour-glass stand dated 1636:" the date gives an additional -interest to this example. - -W. SPARROW SIMPSON. - -_Slow-worm Superstition_ (Vol. viii., p. 33.).--The slow-worm -superstition, about which TOWER inquires, and to whom I believe no answer -has been returned, is quite common in the North of England. One of the -many uses of "N. & Q." is the abundant proof that supposed localisms are -in fact common to all England. I learn from the same Number, p. 44., -that in Devonshire a slater is called a _hellier_. _To hill_, that is to -cover, "hill me up," _i. e._ cover me up, is as common in Lancashire as -in Wicliff's Bible. We have not, however, _hellier_ or _hillier_ for one -whose business it is to cover in a house. - -P. P. - -_Sincere_ (Vol. viii., p. 195.).--I should be glad if MR. INGLEBY would -point out any authority for the practice of the Roman potters to which -he refers. The only passage I can call to mind as countenancing his -derivation is Hor. _Ep._ i. 2. 54.: - - "Sincerum est nisi vas, quodcumque infundis, acescit." - -in which there is no reason why _sincerum_ should not be simply _sine -cera_, _sine fuco_, i. e. pure as honey, free or freed from the wax, -thence anything pure. This derivation is supported also by Donatus, ad -Ter. _Eun._ i. 2. 97., and Noltenius, _Lex. Antibar_. Cicero also, who -chose his expressions with great accuracy, employs _sincerus_ as directly -opposed to _fucatus_ in his _Dialogus de Amicit._ 25.: - - "Secernere omnis fucata et simulata a sinceris atque veris." - -In the absence of positive proof on the side, I am inclined to think MR. -TRENCH right. - -H. B. - -_Books chained to Desks in Churches--Seven Candlesticks_ (Vol. viii., -pp. 94. 206.).--In Mr. Sperling's _Church Walks in Middlesex_, it is -noted {329} in the account of the church at Whitchurch (_alias_ Little -Stanmore), that-- - - "Many of the prayer books, given by the duke [of Chandos], - still remain chained to the pues for the use of the poorer - parishioners."--P. 104. - -At p. 138. a curious ornament of some of the London churches is referred -to: - - "We find several altar-pieces in which seven wooden - candlesticks, with wooden candles, are introduced, viz. St. - Mary-at-Hill; St. Ethelburgs, Bishopsgate; Hammersmith, &c.: - these are merely typical of the seven golden candlesticks of - the Apocalypse."--Rev. i. 20. - -This portion of ecclesiastical furniture appears to me sufficiently -unusual to be worth noting in your pages: is it to be found elsewhere -than in churches in and near London? If not, a list of these churches in -which it is now to be seen would be acceptable to ecclesiologists. - -W. SPARROW SIMPSON. - -Oxford. - -_D. Ferrand; French Patois_ (Vol. viii., p. 243.).--The full title -of Ferrand's work, referred to by your correspondent MR. B. SNOW of -Birmingham, is as follows: - - "Inventaire Général de la Muse Normande, divisée en XXVIII - parties où sont descrites plusieurs batailles, assauts, - prises de villes, guerres etrangères, victoires de la France, - histoires comiques, Esmotions populaires, grabuges et choses - remarquables arrivées à Rouen depuis quarante années, in 8o. et - se vendent à Rouen, chez l'arthevr, rue du Bac, à l'Enseigne de - l'imprimerie, M.DC.LV., pages 484." - -There is also another publication by Ferrand with the title of-- - - "Les Adieux de la Muse Normande aux Palinots, et quelques - autres pièces, pages 28." - -The author was a printer at Rouen, and the patois in which his -productions are written is the Norman. The _Biographie Universelle_ says -they are the best known of all that are composed in that dialect. - -J. MACRAY. - -_Wood of the Cross_ (Vol. vii., pp. 177. 334. 437. 488.).--Is it an old -belief that the cross was composed of four different kinds of wood? Boys, -in a note on Ephesians iii. 18. (_Works_, p. 495.), says, "Other have -discoursed of the foure woods, and dimensions in the materiall crosse of -Christ, more subtilly than soundly," and refers in the margin to Anselm -and Aquinas, but without giving the reference to the exact passages. Can -any of your readers supply this deficiency? - -R. J. ALLEN. - -_Ladies' Arms in a Lozenge_ (Vol. viii., pp. 37. 83.).--BROCTUNA has a -theory that ladies bear their arms in a lozenge, because hatchments are -of that shape; and it is probably that widows in old time "would vie -with each other in these displays of the insignia of mourning." It has, -however, escaped his memory, that maids with living fathers also use -the lozenge, and that in a man's hatchment it is the _frame_ only, and -not the shield at all, which has the lozenge shape. The man's arms in -the hatchment not being on a lozenge, it is scarcely possible his widow -could thence have adopted it. He suggests that the shape was adopted for -hatchments as being the most convenient for admitting the arms of the -sixteen ancestors. - -I wish to insert a Query, as to whether the sixteen quarters _ever were_ -made use of this way in English heraldry? Perhaps your readers will be -willing to allow that the lozenge is surely a fitting emblem for the -_sweeter_ sex; but is not the routine reason the true one after all? The -lozenge has a supposed resemblance to the distaff, the emblem of the -woman. We have spinster from the same idea; and, though I cannot now -turn to the passage, I am sure I have seen the Salic law described as -forbidding "the holder of the distaff to grasp the sceptre." - -P. P. - -_Burial in unconsecrated Ground_ (Vol. vi., p. 448.; Vol. viii., p. -43.).--The late elegant and accomplished Sir W. Temple, though he laid -not his whole body in his garden, deposited the better part of it (his -heart) there; "and if my executors will gratify me in what I have -desired, I wish my corpse may be interred as I have bespoke them; not at -all out of singularity, or for want of a dormitory (of which there is -an ample one annexed to the parish church), but for other reasons not -necessary here to trouble the reader with, what I have said in general -being sufficient. However, let them order as they think fit, so it be not -_in the church or chancel_." (Evelyn's _Sylva_, book iv.) - - "In the north aisle of the chancel [of Wotton Church] is the - burying-place of the Evelyns (within which is lately made, - under a decent arched chapel, a vault). In the chancel on the - north side is a tomb, about three feet high, of freestone, - shaped like a coffin; on the top, on white marble, is this - inscription: - - 'Here lies the Body - of JOHN EVELYN, Esq.'"[8] - -This inscription commemorates the author of _Sylva_, and evinces how -unobsequiously obsequies are sometimes solemnised. - -Evelyn mentions Sumner _On Garden Burial_, probably "not circulated." - -BIBLIOTHECAR. CHETHAM. - -[Footnote 8: Aubrey's _Natural History and Antiquities of Surrey_, vol. -iv.] - -_Table-turning_ (Vol. viii., p. 57.).--Without going the length of -asserting, with La Bruyère, that "tout est dit," or believing, with -Dutens, that there is no modern discovery that was not known, in some -shape or other, to the ancients, it seems {330} not unreasonable to -suppose that table-turning, the principle of which lies so near the -surface of social life, was practised in former ages. - -This reminds one of the expression, so familiar among controversialists, -of "turning the tables" upon an adversary. What is the origin of the -latter phrase? It is time some explanation of it were offered, if only to -caution the etymologists of a future age against confounding it with our -"table-turning." - -HENRY H. BREEN. - -St. Lucia. - -_"Well's a fret"_ (Vol. viii., p. 197.).--I beg leave to suggest to -DEVONIENSIS the following as a probable explanation of the use of this -phrase; the rhyme that follows being superadded, for the sake of the -jingle and the truism, in the best style of rustic humour. - -Well! is often used in conversation as an expletive, even by educated -people, a slight pause ensuing after the ejaculation, as if to collect -the thoughts before the reply is given. Is it not therefore called a -_fret_, or stop, in the Devon vernacular, figuratively, like the fret -or stop in a musical instrument, the cross bars or protuberance in a -stringed, and a peg in a wind instrument? - -Hamlet says, in taunting Rosencrantz for his treasonable attempts to worm -himself into his confidence,-- - - "Call me what instrument you will; though you can _fret_ me, - you cannot play upon me." - -Taken in this other sense in which we use the word _fret_, is it not -probable that it has passed into a proverb; and that the lines, as given -by DEVONIENSIS, are a corruption of - - "Well! don't fret; - He who dies for love will never be hang'd for debt." - ---the invention of some Damon to comfort Strephon in his loneliness. - -M. (2) - -_Tenet for Tenent_ (Vol. viii., p. 258.).--The note of your correspondent -BALLIOLENSIS does not address itself to the Query put by Y. B. N. J. in -Vol. vii., p. 205., When did the use of _tenent_ give way to _tenet_? - -You will find that Burton, in the _Anatomy of Melancholy_, which was -published in 1621, uses uniformly _tenent_ (vide vol. i. pp. 1. 317. 408. -430. 446. &c.) - -But Sir Thomas Browne in 1646, twenty-four years later, printed the first -edition of his _Vulgar Errors_ under the title of _Pseudodoxia epidemica, -or Enquiries into very many received Tenets and commonly presumed Truths_. - -I cannot find that Burton in any passage respects the grammatical -distinction suggested by both your correspondents, that _tenet_ should -denote the opinion of an individual, and _tenent_ those of a sect. -He applies the latter indifferently, both as regards the plural and -singular. Thus, "Aponensis thinks it proceeds," but "Laurentius condemns -_his tenent_" (part i. sect. iii. mem. 3.). And again, "they are furious, -impatient in discourse, stiff and irrefragable in _their tenents_" (ib. -p. i. s. iv. mem. 1. sub. 3.). - -J. EMERSON TENNENT. - - * * * * * - - - - -Miscellaneous. - - -BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES WANTED TO PURCHASE. - -NICEPHORUS CATENA ON THE PENTATEUCH. - -PROCOPIUS GAZÆUS. - -WATT'S BIBLIOGRAPHIA BRITANNICA. Parts V. and VI. - -MAXWELL'S DIGEST OF THE LAW OF INTESTATES. - -CARLYLE'S CHARTISM. Crown 8vo. 2nd Edition. - -THE BUILDER, No. 520. - -OSWALLI CROLLII OPERA. 12mo. Geneva, 1635. - -GAFFARELL'S UNHEARD-OF CURIOSITIES. Translated by Chelmead. London. 12mo. -1650. - -BEAUMONT'S PSYCHE. 2nd Edit. folio. Camb., 1702. - -THE MONTHLY ARMY LIST from 1797 to 1800 inclusive. Published by Hookham -and Carpenter, Bond Street. Square 12mo. - -JER. COLLIER'S ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY OF ENGLAND. Folio Edition. Vol. II. - -LONDON LABOUR AND THE LONDON POOR. - -PROCEEDINGS OF THE LONDON GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. - -PRESCOTT'S HISTORY OF THE CONQUEST OF MEXICO. 3 Vols. 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R. REEVES, Pool Anthony, -Tiverton." - -Cure, No. 4,208:--"Eight years' dyspepsia, nervousness, debility, with -cramps, spasms, and nausea, for which my servant had consulted the advice -of many, have been effectually removed by Du Barry's delicious food in a -very short time. I shall be happy to answer any inquiries.--REV. JOHN W. -FLAVELL, Ridlington Rectory, Norfolk." - - _Dr. Wurzer's Testimonial._ - - "Bonn, July 19, 1852. - - "This light and pleasant Farina is one of the most excellent, - nourishing, and restorative remedies, and supersedes, in many - cases, all kinds of medicines. It is particularly useful in - confined habit of body, as also diarrhœa, bowel complaints, - affections of the kidneys and bladder, such as stone or gravel; - inflammatory irritation and cramp of the urethra, cramp of - the kidneys and bladder, strictures, and hemorrhoids. This - really invaluable remedy is employed with the most satisfactory - result, not only in bronchial and pulmonary complaints, where - irritation and pain are to be removed, but also in pulmonary - and bronchial consumption, in which it counteracts effectually - the troublesome cough; and I am enabled with perfect truth - to express the conviction that Du Barry's Revalenta Arabica - is adapted to the cure of incipient hectic complaints and - consumption. - - "DR. RUD WURZER. - "Counsel of Medicine, and practical M.D. in Bonn." - -London Agents:--Fortnum, Mason & Co., 182. Piccadilly, purveyors to Her -Majesty the Queen; Hedges & Butler, 155. Regent Street; and through -all respectable grocers, chemists, and medicine venders. In canisters, -suitably packed for all climates, and with full instructions, 1lb. 2_s._ -9_d._; 2lb. 4_s._ 6_d._; 5lb. 11_s._; 12lb. 22_s._; super-refined, 5lb. -22_s._; 10lb. 33_s._ The 10lb. and 12lb. carriage free, on receipt of -Post-office order.--Barry, Du Barry & Co., 77. Regent Street, London. - -IMPORTANT CAUTION.--Many invalids having been seriously injured by -spurious imitations under closely similar names, such as Ervalenta, -Arabaca, and others, the public will do well to see that each canister -bears the name BARRY, DU BARRY & CO., 77. Regent Street, London, in full, -_without which none is genuine_. - - * * * * * - -PHOTOGRAPHIC PICTURES.--A Selection of the above beautiful Productions -(comprising Views in VENICE, PARIS, RUSSIA, NUBIA, &c.) may be seen at -BLAND & LONG'S, 153. 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You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms -of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online -at <a href="https://www.gutenberg.org">www.gutenberg.org</a>. If you -are not located in the United States, you will have to check the laws of the -country where you are located before using this eBook. -</div> - -<p style='display:block; margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:0; margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em'>Title: Notes and Queries, Number 205, October 1, 1853</p> -<p style='display:block; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:1em; margin-left:2em; text-indent:0;'>A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists, Antiquaries, Geneologists, etc</p> - -<div style='display:block; margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:1em; margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em'>Author: Various</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:1em; margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em'>Editor: George Bell</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'>Release Date: September 1, 2021 [eBook #66199]</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'>Language: English</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'>Character set encoding: UTF-8</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em'>Produced by: Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images generously made available by The Internet Library of Early Journals.)</div> - -<div style='margin-top:2em; margin-bottom:4em'>*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, NUMBER 205, OCTOBER 1, 1853 ***</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_309"></a>{309}</span></p> - -<h1>NOTES AND QUERIES:</h1> - -<h2>A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, -GENEALOGISTS, ETC.</h2> - -<hr class="full" /> - -<h3><b>"When found, make a note of."</b>—<span class="sc">Captain Cuttle.</span></h3> - -<hr class="full" /> - -<table width="100%" class="nomar" summary="masthead" title="masthead"> - <tr> - <td style="text-align:left; width:25%"> - <p><b>No. 205.</b>]</p> - </td> - <td style="text-align:center; width:50%"> - <p><b><span class="sc">Saturday, October 1. 1853.</span></b></p> - </td> - <td style="text-align:right; width:25%"> - <p>[<b>Price Fourpence.<br />Stamped Edition, 5<i>d.</i></b></p> - </td> - </tr> -</table> - -<hr class="full" /> - -<h2>CONTENTS.</h2> - -<table width="100%" class="nomar" summary="Contents" title="Contents"> - <tr> - <td style="width:94%"> - <span class="sc">Notes</span>:—</td> - <td class="ar vbm" style="width:6%">Page</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="pl1">The Groaning-board, a Story of the Days of - Charles II., by Dr. E. F. Rimbault</td> - <td class="ar vbm"><a href="#Page_309">309</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="pl1">The Etymology of the Word "Awkward"</td> - <td class="ar vbm"><a href="#Page_310">310</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="pl1">Inedited Poem—"The Deceitfulness of Love," - by Chris. Roberts</td> - <td class="ar vbm"><a href="#Page_311">311</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="pl1">Bale MSS., referred to in Tanner's "Bibliotheca - Britannico-Hibernica," by Sir F. Madden</td> - <td class="ar vbm"><a href="#Page_311">311</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="pl1">Charles Fox and Gibbon</td> - <td class="ar vbm"><a href="#Page_312">312</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="pl1">Samuel Williams</td> - <td class="ar vbm"><a href="#Page_312">312</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="pl1">Shakspeare Correspondence, by Samuel Hickson, &c.</td> - <td class="ar vbm"><a href="#Page_313">313</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="pl2"><span class="sc">Minor Notes:</span>—Doings - of the Calf's Head Club—Epitaph by Wordsworth—Tailor's - "Cabbage"—Misquotations—The Ducking Stool—Watch-paper - Inscription</td> - <td class="ar vbm"><a href="#Page_315">315</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td><span class="sc">Queries:</span>—</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="pl1">Birthplace of Gen. Monk, by F. Kyffin Lenthall</td> - <td class="ar vbm"><a href="#Page_316">316</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="pl2"><span class="sc">Minor Queries</span>:—Harmony - of the Four Gospels—The Noel Family—Council of - Trent—Roman Catholic Patriarchs—The "Temple Lands" in - Scotland—Cottons of Fowey—Draught or Draft of - Air—Admiral Sir Thomas Tyddeman—Pedigree - Indices—Apparition of the White - Lady—Rundlestone—Tottenham—Duval - Family—Noses of the Descendants of John of Gaunt—General - Wall—John Daniel and Sir Ambrose Nicholas Salter—Edward - Bysshe—President Bradshaw and John Milton</td> - <td class="ar vbm"><a href="#Page_316">316</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="pl1"><span class="sc">Minor Queries with Answers</span>:—Ket - the Tanner—"Namby-pamby"</td> - <td class="ar vbm"><a href="#Page_318">318</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td><span class="sc">Replies</span>:—</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="pl1">Editions of Books of Common Prayer, by the Rev. - Thomas Lathbury, &c.</td> - <td class="ar vbm"><a href="#Page_318">318</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="pl1">The Crescent, by J. W. Thomas</td> - <td class="ar vbm"><a href="#Page_319">319</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="pl1">Seals of the Borough of Great Yarmouth</td> - <td class="ar vbm"><a href="#Page_321">321</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="pl1">Moon Superstitions, by J. N. Radcliffe and G. William - Skyring</td> - <td class="ar vbm"><a href="#Page_321">321</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="pl1">Latin Riddle, by the Rev. Robert Gibbings</td> - <td class="ar vbm"><a href="#Page_322">322</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="pl1">"Hurrah!" by Sir J. E. Tennent and J. Sansom</td> - <td class="ar vbm"><a href="#Page_323">323</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="pl2"><span class="sc">Photographic Correspondence</span>:—Process - for Printing on Albumenized Paper</td> - <td class="ar vbm"><a href="#Page_324">324</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="pl2"><span class="sc">Replies to Minor Queries</span>:—Anderson's - Royal Genealogies—Thomas Wright of Durham—Weather - Predictions—Bacon's Essays: Bullaces—Nixon the - Prophet—Parochial Libraries—"Ampers and," &c.—The - Arms of De Sissonne—St. Patrick's Purgatory—Sir George - Carr—Gravestone Inscription—"A Tub to the Whale"—Hour-glasses - in Pulpits—Slow-worm Superstition—Sincere—Books chained - to Desks in Churches: Seven Candlesticks—D. Ferrand: French - Patois—Wood of the Cross—'Ladies' Arms in a Lozenge—Burial - in unconsecrated Ground—Table-turning—"Well's a fret"—Tenet - for Tenent</td> - <td class="ar vbm"><a href="#Page_326">326</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td><span class="sc">Miscellaneous</span>:—</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="pl1">Books and Odd Volumes wanted</td> - <td class="ar vbm"><a href="#Page_330">330</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="pl1">Notices to Correspondents</td> - <td class="ar vbm"><a href="#Page_330">330</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="pl1">Advertisements</td> - <td class="ar vbm"><a href="#Page_331">331</a></td> - </tr> -</table> - -<hr class="full" /> - -<h2>Notes.</h2> - -<h3>THE GROANING-BOARD, A STORY OF THE DAYS OF -CHARLES II.</h3> - -<p>The English public has ever been distinguished -by an enormous amount of gullibility.</p> - -<div class="poem"> - <div class="stanza"> - <p>"Ha ha, ha ha! this world doth pass</p> - <p class="i1">Most merrily I'll be sworn;</p> - <p>For many an honest Indian ass</p> - <p class="i1">Goes for an unicorn."</p> - </div> -</div> - -<p>So sung old Thomas Weelkes in the year 1608, -and so echo we in the year 1853! What -with "spirit-rapping," "table-moving," "Chelsea -ghosts," "Aztec children," &c., we shall soon, if -we go on at the same rate, get the reputation of -being past all cure.</p> - -<p>In looking over, the other day, a volume in the -Museum, marked MS. Sloane 958., I noticed the -following hand-bill pasted on the first page:</p> - -<blockquote> - -<p>"At the sign of the Wool-sack, in Newgate Market, -is to be seen a strange and wonderful thing, which is an -<i>elm board</i>, being touched with a hot iron, doth express -itself as if it were a man dying <i>with groans</i>, and trembling, -to the great admiration of all the hearers. It -hath been presented before the king and his nobles, -and hath given great satisfaction. <i>Vivat Rex.</i>"</p> - -</blockquote> - -<p>At the top of the bill is the king's arms, and the -letters C. R., and in an old hand is written the -date 1682. On the same page is an autograph of -the original possessor of the volume, "Ex libris -Jo. Coniers, Londini, pharmacopol, 1673."</p> - -<p>In turning to Malcolm (<i>Anecdotes of the Manners -and Customs of London</i>, 4to. 1811, p. 427.), -we find the following elucidation of this mysterious -exhibition:</p> - -<blockquote> - -<p>"One of the most curious and ingenious amusements -ever offered to the publick ear was contrived in -the year 1682, when an elm plank was exhibited to the -king and the credulous of London, which being touched -by a hot iron, invariably produced a sound resembling -deep groans. This sensible, and very irritable board, -received numbers of noble visitors; and other boards, -sympathising with their afflicted brother, demonstrated -how much affected they might be by similar means. -The publicans in different parts of the city immediately -applied ignited metal to all the woodwork of their -houses, in hopes of finding sensitive timber; but I do<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_310"></a>{310}</span> -not perceive any were so successful as the landlord of -the Bowman Tavern in Drury Lane, who had a mantle -tree so extremely prompt and loud in its responses, -that the sagacious observers were nearly unanimous in -pronouncing it part of the same trunk which had -afforded the original plank."</p> - -</blockquote> - -<p>The following paragraph is also given by Malcolm -from the <i>Loyal London Mercury</i>, Oct. 4, -1682:</p> - -<blockquote> - -<p>"Some persons being this week drinking at the -Queen's Arms Tavern, in St. Martin's-le-Grand, in the -kitchen, and having laid the fire-fork in the fire to light -their pipes, accidentally fell a discoursing of the <i>groaning-board</i>, -and what might be the cause of it. One in -the company, having the fork in his hand to light his -pipe, would needs make trial of a long dresser that -stood there, which, upon the first touch, made a great -noise and groaning, more than ever the board that was -showed did; and then they touched it three or four -times, and found it far beyond the other. They all -having seen it, the house is almost filled with spectators -day and night, and any company calling for a glass -of wine may see it; which, in the judgment of all, is -far louder, and makes a longer groan than the other; -which to report, unless seen, would seem incredible."</p> - -</blockquote> - -<p>Among the <i>Bagford Ballads</i> in the Museum -(three vols., under the press-mark 643. m.) is preserved -the following singular broadside upon the -subject, which is now reprinted for the first time:</p> - -<blockquote> - -<p class="center">"A NEW SONG, ON THE STRANGE AND WONDERFUL GROANING-BOARD.</p> - -<div class="poem"> - <div class="stanza"> - <p>"What fate inspir'd thee with groans,</p> - <p class="i1">To fill phanatick brains?</p> - <p>What is't thou sadly thus bemoans,</p> - <p class="i1">In thy prophetick strains?</p> - </div> - <div class="stanza"> - <p>"Art thou the ghost of <i>William Pryn</i>,</p> - <p class="i1">Or some old politician?</p> - <p>Who, long tormented for his sin,</p> - <p class="i1">Laments his sad condition?</p> - </div> - <div class="stanza"> - <p>"Or must we now believe in thee,</p> - <p class="i1">The old cheat transmigration?</p> - <p>And that thou now art come to be</p> - <p class="i1">A call to reformation?</p> - </div> - <div class="stanza"> - <p>"The giddy vulgar to thee run,</p> - <p class="i1">Amaz'd with fear and wonder;</p> - <p>Some dare affirm, that hear thee groan,</p> - <p class="i1">Thy noise is petty thunder.</p> - </div> - <div class="stanza"> - <p>"One says and swears, you do foretell</p> - <p class="i1">A change in Church and State;</p> - <p>Another says, you like not well</p> - <p class="i1">Your master <i>Stephen's</i> fate.<a name="footnotetag1" href="#footnote1"><sup>[1]</sup></a></p> - </div> - <div class="stanza"> - <p>"Some say you groan much like a <i>whigg</i>,</p> - <p class="i1">Or rather like a <i>ranter</i>;</p> - <p>Some say as loud, and full as big,</p> - <p class="i1">As <i>Conventicle Canter</i>.</p> - </div> - <div class="stanza"> - <p>"Some say you do petition,</p> - <p class="i1">And think you represent</p> - <p>The woe and sad condition</p> - <p class="i1">Of Old <i>Rump Parliament</i>.</p> - </div> - <div class="stanza"> - <p>"The wisest say you are a cheat;</p> - <p class="i1">Another politician</p> - <p>Says, 'tis a misery as great</p> - <p class="i1">And true as <i>Hatfield's vision</i>.<a name="footnotetag2" href="#footnote2"><sup>[2]</sup></a></p> - </div> - <div class="stanza"> - <p>"Some say, 'tis a <i>new evidence</i>,</p> - <p class="i1">Or witness of the <i>plot</i>;</p> - <p>And can discover many things</p> - <p class="i1">Which are the Lord knows what.</p> - </div> - <div class="stanza"> - <p>"And lest you should the <i>plot</i> disgrace,</p> - <p class="i1">For wanting of a name,</p> - <p><i>Narrative Board</i> henceforth we'll place</p> - <p class="i1">In registers of fame.</p> - </div> -</div> - -<p class="center">"London: Printed for T. P. in the year 1682."</p> - -</blockquote> - -<p>The extraordinary and long-lived popularity -of the "groaning-board" is fully evinced by the -number of cotemporary allusions: a few will -suffice.</p> - -<p>Mrs. Mary Astell, in her <i>Essay in Defence of -the Female Sex</i>, 1696, speaking of the character of -a "coffee-house politician," observes:</p> - -<blockquote> - -<p>"He is a mighty listener after prodigies: and never -hears of a whale or a comet, but he apprehends some -sudden revolution in the state, and looks upon a -<i>groaning-board</i>, or a speaking-head, as forerunners of -the day of judgment."</p> - -</blockquote> - -<p>Swift, in his <i>Tale of a Tub</i>, written in the following -year (1697), says of Jack:</p> - -<blockquote> - -<p>"He wore a large plaister of artificiall causticks -on his stomach, with the fervor of which he would set -himself a <i>groaning</i> like the famous <i>board</i> upon application -of a red-hot iron."</p> - -</blockquote> - -<p>Steele, in the 44th number of the <i>Tatler</i>, speaking -of Powell, the "puppet showman," says:</p> - -<blockquote> - -<p>"He has not brains enough to make even wood -speak as it ought to do: and I, that have heard the -<i>groaning-board</i>, can despise all that his puppets shall be -able to speak as long as they live."</p> - -</blockquote> - -<p>So much for the "story" of the <i>groaning-board</i>. -As to "how it was done," we leave the matter -open to the reader's sagacity.</p> - -<p class="author"><span class="sc">Edward F. Rimbault.</span></p> - -<div class="note"> - -<p><a name="footnote1"></a><b>Footnote 1:</b><a href="#footnotetag1">(return)</a></p> - -<p>This was <i>Stephen</i> College, a joiner by trade, but a -man of an active and violent spirit, who, making himself -conspicuous by his opposition to the Court, obtained -the name of the Protestant joiner. His fate is -well known.</p> - -<p><a name="footnote2"></a><b>Footnote 2:</b><a href="#footnotetag2">(return)</a></p> - -<p>Martha Hatfield, a child twelve years old in Sept. -1652, who pretended to have visions "concerning Christ, -faith, and other subjects." She was a second edition of -the "holy maid of Kent."</p> - -</div> - -<hr class="full" /> - -<h3>THE ETYMOLOGY OF THE WORD "AWKWARD."</h3> - -<p>Most persons who have given their attention to -the formation of words, and have employed their -leisure in endeavouring to trace them to their -source, must have remarked that there are many -words in the English language which show on the<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_311"></a>{311}</span> -part of learned philologists, the compilers of dictionaries, -either a strange deficiency in reading, or -a want of acquaintance with the older tongues: -or perhaps, if we must find an excuse for them, a -habit of "nodding."</p> - -<p>The word <i>awkward</i> is one of these. Skinner's -account is as follows:</p> - -<blockquote> - -<p>"Ineptus, ἀμφαριστερός, præposterus, ab A.-S. æþerd -perversus; hoc ab <i>æ</i> præp. loquelari negativa privativa, -et <i>weard</i>, versus."</p> - -</blockquote> - -<p>Johnson follows Skinner, interpreting <i>awkward</i> -in the same way, and with the same derivation; -but unfortunately he had met with the little word -<i>awk</i>, and, not caring to inquire into the origin of -it, as it seemed so plain, he explains it as "a barbarous -contraction of <i>awkward</i>," giving the following -example from L'Estrange:</p> - -<blockquote> - -<p>"We have heard as arrant jingling in the pulpits as -the steeples; and the professors ringing as <i>awk</i> as the -bells to give notice of the conflagration."</p> - -</blockquote> - -<p>Now the real state of the case is, that just as -<i>forward</i> and <i>backward</i> are correlatives, so also are -<i>toward</i> and <i>awkward</i>. We speak of a <i>toward</i> child -as one who is quick and ready and apt; while, by -an <i>awkward</i> one, we mean precisely the contrary. -By the former we imply a disposition or readiness -to press on to the mark; by the latter, that which -is averse to it, and fails of the right way. Parallel -instances, though of course not corresponding in -meaning, are found in the Latin <i>adversus</i>, <i>reversus</i>, -<i>inversus</i>, <i>aversus</i>.</p> - -<p>The term <i>awkward</i> is compounded of the two -A.-S. words <i>aweg</i> or <i>awæg</i> (which is itself made -up of <i>a</i>, from, and <i>wæg</i>, a way), meaning away, -out: "auferendi vim habet," says Bosworth, of -which we have an instance in <i>aweg weorpan</i>, to -throw away; and <i>weard</i>, toward, as in <i>hamweard</i>, -homewards. We thus have the correlatives <i>to-weard</i> -and <i>aweg-weard</i>, with the same termination, -but with prefixes of exactly opposite meanings. -In the latter word, the prefix would naturally -come to be pronounced as one syllable, and the <i>g</i> -as naturally converted into <i>k</i>.</p> - -<p>The propriety of the use of the word <i>awkward</i> -by Shakspeare, in the Second Part of Henry VI., -Act III. Sc. 2., is thus rendered apparent:</p> - -<div class="poem"> - <div class="stanza"> - <p>"And twice by awkward wind from England's bank,</p> - <p>Drove back again," &c.,</p> - </div> -</div> - -<p><i>i.e.</i> untoward wind, or contrary: an epithet which -editors, while they thought it required an apology, -have been unable to explain rightly.</p> - -<p>With regard to the word <i>awk</i>, I can only say -that it is one of very unfrequent occurrence; I -have met with it but once in the course of my -own reading, so that I am unable to confirm my -view as fully as I could wish; still, that one instance -seems, as far as it goes, satisfactory enough: -it occurs in Golding's translation of Ovid's <i>Metam.</i>, -London, 1567, fol. 177. p. 2.:</p> - -<div class="poem"> - <div class="stanza"> - <p>"She sprincled us with bitter jewce of uncouth herbes, and strake</p> - <p>The <i>awk</i> end of her charmed rod uppon our heads, and spake</p> - <p>Woordes to the former contrarie," &c.</p> - </div> -</div> - -<p>The <i>awk</i> end here is, of course, the wrong end, -that which was not <i>towards</i> them.</p> - -<p>Perhaps some of the readers of "N. & Q." may -have met with other instances of the usage of the -word. It does not occur in Chaucer nor (I am -pretty sure) in Gower.</p> - -<p class="author">H. C. K.</p> - -<hr class="full" /> - -<h3>INEDITED POEM.—"THE DECEITFULNESS OF LOVE."</h3> - -<p>The following lines, written about 1600, are, I -think, well worthy of preservation in your columns. -I believe they have never been published; but if -any of your correspondents should have met with -them, and can inform me of the author, I shall feel -much obliged.</p> - -<p class="author"><span class="sc">Chris. Roberts.</span></p> - -<p>Bradford, Yorkshire.</p> - -<p class="center"><i>Deceitfulness of Love.</i></p> - -<div class="poem"> - <div class="stanza"> - <p>Go, sit by the summer sea,</p> - <p class="i1">Thou, whom scorn wasteth,</p> - <p>And let thy musing be</p> - <p class="i1">Where the flood hasteth.</p> - <p>Mark how o'er ocean's breast</p> - <p>Rolls the hoar billow's crest;</p> - <p>Such is his heart's unrest</p> - <p class="i1">Who of love tasteth.</p> - </div> - <div class="stanza"> - <p>Griev'st thou that hearts should change?</p> - <p class="i1">Lo! where life reigneth,</p> - <p>Or the free sight doth range,</p> - <p class="i1">What long remaineth?</p> - <p>Spring with her flow'rs doth die;</p> - <p>Fast fades the gilded sky;</p> - <p>And the full moon on high</p> - <p class="i1">Ceaselessly waneth.</p> - </div> - <div class="stanza"> - <p>Smile, then, ye sage and wise;</p> - <p class="i1">And if love sever</p> - <p>Bonds which thy soul doth love,</p> - <p class="i1">Such does it ever!</p> - <p>Deep as the rolling seas,</p> - <p>Soft as the twilight breeze,</p> - <p>But of <i>more</i> than these</p> - <p class="i1">Boast could it never!</p> - </div> -</div> - -<hr class="full" /> - -<h3>BALE MSS., REFERRED TO IN TANNER'S "BIBLIOTHECA -BRITANNICO-HIBERNICA."</h3> - -<p>Most persons who consult this laborious and -useful work will probably have been struck and -puzzled by the frequent occurrence of two references -given by the Bishop as his authorities, -namely, "MS. Bal. Sloan." and "MS. Bal. Glynn."<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_312"></a>{312}</span> -To answer, therefore (by anticipation), a Query -very likely to be made on this subject, I have to -state, that by "MS. Bal. Sloan." Tanner refers to -a manuscript work in two volumes, in Bale's handwriting, -formerly in Sir Hans Sloane's collection, -and numbered 287, but presented by him to the -Bodleian Library; as appears by a letter from -Hearne to Baker (in MS. Harl. 7031. f. 142.), -dated August 6, 1715, in which he writes:</p> - -<blockquote> - -<p>"We have <i>Bale's accounts of the Carmelites</i>, in two -volumes, being not long since given to our public -library by Dr. Sloane."</p> - -</blockquote> - -<p>In the original MS. Sloane Catalogue, the work -was thus entered: <i>Joannes Balæus de sanctis et -illustribus viris Ordinis Carmelitarum, et eorum -Scriptis: Joannis Balæi Annales Carmelitarum</i>. -Another volume, partly, if not wholly, in Bale's -handwriting, relative to the Carmelite Order, -existed formerly in the Cottonian Library, under -the press-mark Otho, D. <span class="allsmcap">IV.</span>, but was almost entirely -destroyed in the fire which took place in -1731.</p> - -<p>By "MS. Bal. Glynn.," or (as more fully referred -to under "Adamus Carthusiensis") "MS. -Bale penes D. Will. Glynn.," Tanner undoubtedly -means a printed copy of Bale's <i>Scriptorum Illustrium -Majoris Brytanniæ Catalogus</i>, with marginal -notes in manuscript (probably by Bale himself) -which was preserved in the library of Sir William -Glynne, Bart., of Anbrosden. I learn this from -Tanner's original Memoranda for his <i>Bibliotheca</i>, -preserved in the Additional MSS. 6261. 6262., -British Museum; in the former of which, ff. 122—124., -is a transcript of the "MS. notæ in margine -Balei, penes D. Will. Glynne." The Glynne MSS. -are described in the <i>Catt. MSS. Angliæ</i>, fol. 1697, -vol. ii. pt. 1. p. 49.; but the copy of Bale, here -mentioned, is not included among them. These -MSS. are said to be preserved at present in the -library of Christ Church College, Oxford; and it -is somewhat singular, that no account of the -MSS. in this college should have been printed, -either in the folio Catalogue of 1697, or in the -valuable Catalogue of the MSS. in the college -libraries recently published. Perhaps some of the -correspondents of "N. & Q." may communicate -information on this head.</p> - -<p class="author"><span class="sc">F. Madden.</span></p> - -<hr class="full" /> - -<h3>CHARLES FOX AND GIBBON.</h3> - -<p>The following is taken from the fly-leaves of my -copy of Gibbon's <i>Rome</i>, 1st vol. 1779, 8vo.:</p> - -<blockquote> - -<p>"The following anecdote and verses were written by -the late Charles James Fox in the first volume of <i>his</i> -Gibbon's <i>Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire</i>.</p> - -<p>"The author of this work declared publicly at -Brookes's (a gaming-house in St. James' Street), upon -the delivery of the Spanish Rescript in June, 1779, that -there was no salvation for this country unless six of the -heads of the cabinet council were cut off and laid upon -the tables of both houses of parliament as examples; -and in less than a fortnight he accepted a place under -the same cabinet council.</p> - -<p class="center">"<span class="sc">On the Author's Promotion to the Board of Trade in 1779.</span><br /> -By the Right Hon. C. J. Fox.</p> - -<div class="poem"> - <div class="stanza"> - <p class="i1">"King George in a fright</p> - <p class="i1">Lest Gibbon should write</p> - <p>The story of Britain's disgrace,</p> - <p class="i1">Thought no means more sure</p> - <p class="i1">His pen to secure</p> - <p>Than to give the historian a place.</p> - </div> - <div class="stanza"> - <p class="i1">"But his caution is vain,</p> - <p class="i1">'Tis the curse of his reign</p> - <p>That his projects should never succeed;</p> - <p class="i1">Tho' he wrote not a line,</p> - <p class="i1">Yet a cause of decline</p> - <p>In our author's example we read.</p> - </div> - <div class="stanza"> - <p class="i1">"His book well describes</p> - <p class="i1">How corruption and bribes</p> - <p>O'erthrew the great empire of Rome;</p> - <p class="i1">And his writings declare</p> - <p class="i1">A degeneracy there,</p> - <p>Which his conduct exhibits at home."</p> - </div> -</div> - -</blockquote> - -<p class="author">G. M. B.</p> - -<hr class="full" /> - -<h3>SAMUEL WILLIAMS.</h3> - -<p>The obituary of the past week records the death -of Samuel Williams, a self-taught artist, whose -pencil and graver have illustrated very many of -the most popular works during the last forty years, -and to whose productions the modern school of -book-illustrations owes its chief force and character. -Samuel Williams was born Feb. 23, 1788, at -Colchester in Essex; and during his very earliest -years, his self-taught powers were remarkable, as -he could draw or copy with the greatest ease anything -he saw; and he would get up at early dawn, -before the other members of the family were stirring, -to follow the bent of his genius. His boyish -talents attracted much notice, and, had he not -been very diffident, would have brought him before -the world as a painter. In 1802, he was apprenticed -to Mr. J. Marsden, a printer in Colchester, -and thenceforward his pencil was destined -to be employed in illustrating books. Whilst yet -a lad, he etched on copper a frontispiece to a brochure -entitled the <i>Coggeshall Volunteers</i>; and -this was a remarkable production, as he had never -seen etching or engraving on copper; and he -about the same time taught himself engraving on -wood, executing numerous little cuts for Mr. -Marsden: amongst others, a frontispiece to a -<i>History of Colchester</i>. So much was his talent -seen by parties calling at his employer's, that Mr. -Crosby, a publisher of some note in his day, promised -that, when his apprenticeship ended, he<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_313"></a>{313}</span> -should draw and engrave for him a natural history; -and this promise was faithfully performed, -and a series of three hundred cuts given to him -immediately. Besides these, he executed numerous -commissions for Mozley, Darton and Harvey, -Arliss's <i>Pocket Magazine</i>, and other works; in all -which a strong natural feeling and vigorous drawing -were leading characteristics.</p> - -<p>In 1809 he visited London for a short time, and -returned to Colchester; and resided there till 1819, -when he settled in London. In 1822, Mr. C. -Whittingham published an edition of <i>Robinson -Crusoe</i>, the illustrations to which are drawn and -engraved by the subject of this notice; and the -freedom of handling, as compared with cotemporary -works, was conspicuous. After these, Trimmer's -<i>Natural History</i>, published by Whittingham; -the illustrations to Wiffin's <i>Garcilasso de la Vega</i>; -and other works, showed his talents as a designer -as well as engraver.</p> - -<p>In 1825, William Hone started his <i>Every-Day -Book</i>, employing Mr. Williams to make the drawings -for the "Months," and other illustrations; and -the peculiar style, like pen-and-ink sketches, attracted -much notice, the freedom and ease of these -drawings being greatly admired; and some of our -present artists confess to having been first taught -by copying the free off-hand sketches in Hone's -<i>Every-Day Book</i>. A second volume followed in -1846, and the <i>Table Book</i> in 1847; in 1848 the -<i>Olio</i> was published, and afterwards the <i>Parterre</i>; -both works remarkable for their spirited illustrations. -Several of the engravings to the <i>London -Stage</i>, 1847, displayed great variety of expression -in the figures and faces. Howitt's <i>Rural Life of -England</i>, Selby's <i>Forest Trees</i>, Thomson's <i>Seasons</i> -(the edition published by Bogue), Miller's -<i>Pictures of Country Life</i>, all drawn and engraved -by him, exhibit exquisite rural "bits," in which, -like Bewick, Samuel Williams could express with -the graver the touch of his pencil, thus far excelling -his cotemporaries. The <i>Memorials of the -Martyrs</i> was the last work on which he exercised -his double skill. Of works not drawn by himself, -Wiffin's <i>Tasso</i> shows some of his best efforts; but -as for years past he had been engaged on most of the -best works of the day, it is impossible to specify all. -Had he devoted his time to painting, which the -constant employment with pencil and graver -prevented, he would have taken high rank as a -painter of rural life, as his pictures of "Sketching -a Countryman," and "Interior of a Blacksmith's -Shop," exhibited in the Royal Academy when at -Somerset House, testify, as they are marked by -perfect drawing and admirable expression. Some -miniatures on ivory, painted in his very youthful -days, are marvellous for close manipulation and -correct likeness. After a long and painful illness, -borne with great fortitude, Mr. Williams expired -on the 19th September, his wife having predeceased -him not quite six weeks, leaving behind -him four sons.</p> - -<p class="author">J. T.</p> - -<hr class="full" /> - -<h3>SHAKSPEARE CORRESPONDENCE.</h3> - -<p><i>On a Passage in the Second Part of Henry IV.—The -Death of Falstaff.</i>—I have read with -much pleasure your very temperate remarks on -the fiery contributions of some of your correspondents; -and I trust that, after so gentle a -rebuke from certainly the most good-natured -Editor living, all will henceforth go "merry as a -marriage bell." Amongst the lore that I have -picked up since my first acquaintance with -"N. & Q.," is that profound truth,</p> - -<div class="poem"> - <div class="stanza"> - <p>"'Tis a very good world that we live in:"</p> - </div> -</div> - -<p>but I must say I think it would be a very dull -one if we all thought alike; as "N. & Q." would -be a very dull book if it were not seasoned with -differences of opinion, and its pages diversified -with discussions and ingenious argument. And -what can be more agreeable, when, like an animated -conversation, it is conducted with fairness -and good temper?</p> - -<p>However, now we are to start fair again; and -to begin with a difference, I must presume to -question a decision of your own which I would -fain see recalled. I believe with you that <span class="sc">Mr. -Collier's</span> <i>Notes and Emendations</i> gives the true -reading of the passage in <i>Henry V.</i>, "on a table -of green frieze," and I, moreover, think that -Theobald's conjecture "and 'a babbled o' green -fields," was worthy of any poet. Theobald was -engaged in the laborious work of minute verbal -correction, and necessarily took an isolated view -of particular passages. Presenting the difficulty -which this passage did, his suggestion was a happy -and poetical thought. But when you say that the -scholiast excelled his author, we must take another -view of the case. The question is not as to -which passage is the most poetical, but which is -most in place; which was the idea most natural to -be expressed. And in this I think you will admit -that Shakspeare's judgment must be deferred to, -and that taking the character of Falstaff, <i>together -with the other circumstances detailed of his death</i>, it -is not natural that he should be represented as -"babbling o' green fields."</p> - -<p>You are aware that Fielding, in his <i>Journey -from this World to the next</i>, met with Shakspeare, -who, in answer to a similar question to that put -to Göthe, gave a like answer to the one you report. -This arises in a great measure from the -imperfection of language; the most careful writers -at times express themselves obscurely. But with -regard to Ben Jonson, I should say that, though -neither a mean nor an unfriendly critic, he was -certainly a prejudiced one. He saw Shakspeare -from the conventional-classic point of view, and<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_314"></a>{314}</span> -would doubtless have "blotted" much that we -should have regretted submitting to his judgment. -Yet, after all, the anecdote is not according to the -fact. Shakspeare <i>did</i> "blot" thousands of lines, -probably many more than Ben Jonson himself -ever did; and of this we have the best evidence -in whole plays almost re-written. Even in the -single instance rare Ben gives of Shakspeare's incorrectness, -published many years after the latter's -death, the memory or hearing of the former either -were at fault, or the line had been "blotted."</p> - -<p>Absolute perfection is, of course, not to be -looked for; there is no such thing in reference to -human affairs, unless it be in constant and unobstructed -growth and development. This is exhibited -in Shakspeare's writing to a degree shown -by no other writer. The shortcomings of Shakspeare -are most evident when he is compared with -himself,—the earlier with the later writer. But -take his earliest work, so far as can be ascertained, -in its earliest form, and the literature of the age -cannot produce its equal.</p> - -<p class="author"><span class="sc">Samuel Hickson.</span></p> - -<blockquote> - -<p>"I knew there was but one way, for his nose was as -sharp as a pen, and 'a babbled of green fields."—<i>Shakspeare.</i></p> - -</blockquote> - -<blockquote> - -<p>"I knew there was but one way, for his nose was as -sharp as a pen on a table of green frieze."—<i>Shakspeare -corrected.</i></p> - -</blockquote> - -<p>Some of the alterations in the manuscript corrections -in <span class="sc">Mr. Collier's</span> old edition of Shakspeare's -plays I agree with, but certainly not in -this one, since we lose much and gain nothing by -it. Shakspeare, in drawing a character such as -Falstaff, loaded with every vice that flesh is heir -to, and yet making him a favourite with the audience, -must have been most anxious respecting -his death, and therefore awakened our sympathy -in his favour. In ushering in the account of the -death-bed scene, he makes Bardolph say:</p> - -<blockquote> - -<p>"Would I were with him, wheresome'er he is, either -in heaven or in hell."</p> - -</blockquote> - -<p>This expression Burns the poet considered the -highest mark of regard that one man could pay to -another, for in his poem on a departed friend, he -says:</p> - -<div class="poem"> - <div class="stanza"> - <p>"With such as he, where'er he be,</p> - <p>May I be saved, or damn'd."</p> - </div> -</div> - -<p>Mrs. Quickly, in describing the scene, says:</p> - -<blockquote> - -<p>"He's in Arthur's (Abraham's) bosom, if ever man -went to Arthur's bosom. 'A made a finer end, and went -away, an it had been any christom child; for after I -saw him fumble with the sheets, and play with flowers, -and smile upon his finger's ends, I knew there was but -one way; for his nose was as sharp as a pen, and 'a -<i>babbled of green fields</i>."</p> - -</blockquote> - -<p>Mrs. Quickly, after describing the outward signs -of decay and second childishness, tells us he <i>babbled</i>. -Shakspeare, as the only means of gaining -our forgiveness, makes him die in repentance for -his sins, and seems to have had the Twenty-third -Psalm in his mind, where David puts his trust in -God's grace, when amongst other passages it says: -"He maketh me lie down in <i>green pastures</i>," and -further on, "Yea, though I walk through the -valley of the shadow of death, I will fear no evil, -for thou art with me." I have endeavoured to -give you a reason why I prefer the <i>old</i> reading of -the text: if any of your correspondents will give -a better for the <i>new</i>, I shall be glad to see it, as I -am convinced the more we examine into the works -of our wonderful bard, the more we shall be convinced -of his superhuman genius; we are, therefore, -all indebted to <span class="sc">Mr. Collier</span> for his searching -investigations, as they set us in a reflective mood.</p> - -<p class="author">J. B.</p> - -<p>Your just remarks on Theobald's "'a babbled -of green fields" recalls to me a note which I find -appended to the passage in the margin of my -Shakspeare,</p> - -<blockquote> - -<p>"'A babbled of green fields, <i>i.e.</i> singing snatches of -the 23rd Psalm:</p> - -<div class="poem"> - <div class="stanza"> - <p>'In pastures green He feedeth me,' &c.</p> - <p>'And though I walk e'en at death's door,' &c."</p> - </div> -</div> - -</blockquote> - -<p>This note I jotted down in my schoolboy days, -and thirty years' experience at the beds of the -dying only convinces me of its correctness. -Again and again have I heard the same sweet -strains hymned from the lips of the dying, and -soothing with hope the sinking spirit, ay, even of -great and grievous sinners. Indeed, I have come -to stamp it as a sure mark of impending death, -and have said with the dame, "I knew there was -but one way, for 'a babbled of green fields;" -though I trust with different doctrine than her's, -viz. that religion is the business of none but the -dying, and thence, that to talk of religion is a -sure sign of approaching death.</p> - -<p>When Falstaff "babbled of green fields," he -was labouring under no "calenture." His heart -was far away amid the early fresh pure scenes of -childhood, and he was babbling forth snatches of -hymns and holy songs, learned on his mother's -knee, and now called up, in his hour of need, to -cheer, as best they might, his parting spirit. -Strange is it that Theobald, when he suggested so -happy an emendation, missed half its beauty and -its real bearing.</p> - -<p>Throughout the whole passage it is evident that -Falstaff was ejaculating scraps of long forgotten -hymns and Scripture texts, which were utterly -incomprehensible to those about him. "'A babbled -of green fields,"—"he cried out of sack,"—"and -of women,"—"incarnate,"—"whore of -Babylon,"—all suggest holy ejaculations, perverted -by the ignorance of the godless bystanders.</p> - -<p>In all Shakspeare there is hardly to be found a -more touching scene, or one more true to nature;<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_315"></a>{315}</span> -it is most graphic and characteristic. The loneliness -of the dying sinner, with none to stand by -him but the godless companions of his riot and -debauchery; the eagerness of the despairing man -to catch at anything of the semblance of hope that -he could recall from the lessons of his childhood, -"He shall feed me in a green pasture," &c.—then—ere -he could reach those assuring words, "Yea, -though I walk through the valley of the shadow -of death, I will fear no evil, for Thou art with me, -Thy rod and Thy staff comfort me," the miserable -consciousness that it is all too late, "So 'a -cried out God, God, God;"—then—the utter want -of religious sympathy in the bystanders, Nym, -Quickly, Bardolph, Boy, in their misinterpretations, -and perverse commentaries on his ejaculations, -just such as we might expect from hearts gorged to -the full with vice and sensuality;—then—the redeeming -touch of tenderness in the Dame, beaming -through all her benighted efforts to cheer, in her -own way (awful to think on, the only way known -to her), the last hours of her dear old roysterer, -"Now I, to comfort him, bid him 'a should not -think of God, I hoped there was no need to -trouble himself with any such thoughts yet;" and -the undying fondness with which she upholds his -memory, and will not brook a word of ribaldry, or -what <i>she</i> deems slander, against it, all evidencing -that—</p> - -<div class="poem"> - <div class="stanza"> - <p>"The worst of <i>sin</i> had left her woman still."</p> - </div> -</div> - -<p>Surely a scene more characteristic of all the -parties in it, is not to be found in Shakspeare.</p> - -<p class="author"><span class="sc">Nemo.</span></p> - -<hr class="full" /> - -<h3>Minor Notes.</h3> - -<p><i>Doings of the Calf's Head Club.</i>—In an old -newspaper called <i>The Weekly Oracle</i>, of Feb. 1, -1735, is the following curious paragraph:</p> - -<blockquote> - -<p>"Thursday (Jan. 29) in the evening a disorder of -a very particular nature happened in Suffolk Street; -'tis said that several young gentlemen of distinction -having met at a house there, calling themselves the -Calf's Head Club; and about seven o'clock a bonfire -being lit up before the door, just when it was in its -height, they brought a calf's head to the window -dressed in a napkin-cap, and after some huzzas, threw -it into the fire. The mob were entertained with strong -beer, and for some time hallooed as well as to best; -but taking a disgust at some healths which were proposed, -grew so outrageous that they broke all the -windows, forced themselves into the house, and would -probably have pulled it down, had not the guards been -sent to prevent further mischief. The damage is computed -at some hundred pounds. The guards were -posted all night in the street for the security of the -neighbourhood."</p> - -</blockquote> - -<p class="author"><span class="sc">E. G. Ballard.</span></p> - -<p><i>Epitaph by Wordsworth.</i>—There is a beautiful -epitaph by Wordsworth in Sprawley Church, -Worcestershire, to the wife of G. C. Vernon, Esq., -of Hanbury. Wordsworth has made the following -slight alterations to it, in his published poems: -I quote from the one-volume 8vo. edition of -Moxon (1845). The first two lines are not on the -tablet. The words within brackets are those -which appear in the original epitaph:—</p> - -<div class="poem"> - <div class="stanza"> - <p>"<i>By a blest husband guided, Mary came</i></p> - <p><i>From nearest kindred</i>, Vernon <i>her new name</i>;</p> - <p>She came, though meek of soul, in seemly pride</p> - <p>Of happiness and hope, a youthful bride.</p> - <p>O dread reverse! if aught <i>be</i> so which proves</p> - <p>That <span class="sc">God</span> will chasten whom he dearly loves,</p> - <p>Faith bore her up through pains in mercy given,</p> - <p>And troubles <i>that</i> [which] were each a step to Heaven.</p> - <p>Two babes were laid in earth before she died;</p> - <p>A third now slumbers at the mother's side;</p> - <p>Its sister-twin survives, whose smiles <i>afford</i> [impart]</p> - <p>A trembling solace to <i>her widow'd lord</i> [her father's heart.]</p> - </div> - <div class="stanza"> - <p class="i1">Reader! if to thy bosom cling the pain</p> - <p>Of recent sorrow combated in vain;</p> - <p>Or if thy cherish'd grief have fail'd to thwart</p> - <p>Time, still intent on his insidious part,</p> - <p>Lulling the mourner's best good thoughts asleep,</p> - <p>Pilfering regrets we would, but cannot, keep;</p> - <p>Bear with <i>him</i> [those]—judge <i>him</i> [those] gently who <i>makes</i> [make] known</p> - <p><i>His</i> [their] bitter loss by <i>this memorial</i> [monumental] stone;</p> - <p>And pray that in <i>his</i> [their] faithful breast the grace</p> - <p>Of resignation find a hallow'd place."</p> - </div> -</div> - -<p class="author"><span class="sc">Cuthbert Bede, B.A.</span></p> - -<p><i>Tailor's "Cabbage."</i>—</p> - -<blockquote> - -<p>"The term <i>cabbage</i>, by which tailors designate the -cribbed pieces of cloth, is said to be derived from an -old word, 'cablesh,' <i>i. e.</i> wind-fallen wood. And their -'hell,' where they store the cabbage, from 'helan,' to -hide."</p> - -</blockquote> - -<p class="author"><span class="sc">Clericus Rusticus.</span></p> - -<p><i>Misquotations.</i>—1. Sallust's memorable definition -of friendship, as put into the mouth of -Catiline (cap. 20.), is quoted in the "Translation -of Aristotle's Ethics," in Bohn's <i>Classical Library</i> -(p. 241. note <i>h</i>), as the saying of Terence.</p> - -<p>2. The <i>Critic</i> of September 1st quotes the -"Viximus insignes inter utramque facem" of -Propertius (lib. iv. 11. 46.) as from Martial.</p> - -<p>3. In <i>Fraser's Magazine</i> for October 1852, -p. 461., we find "Quem patente portâ," &c. quoted -from Terence instead of Catullus, as it is correctly -in the number for May, 1853.</p> - -<p class="author"><span class="sc">P. J. F. Gantillon, B.A.</span></p> - -<p><i>The Ducking Stool.</i>—In the Museum at Scarborough, -one of these engines is preserved. It -is said that there are persons still living in the -town, who remember its services being employed -when it stood upon the old pier. It is a substantial -arm-chair of oak; with an iron bar extending<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_316"></a>{316}</span> -from elbow to elbow, just as the wooden -one is placed in child's chair to prevent the -occupant from falling forward.</p> - -<p class="author"><span class="sc">W. J. Bernhard Smith.</span></p> - -<p>Temple.</p> - -<p><i>Watch-paper Inscription.</i>—Akin to dial inscriptions -are inscriptions on watch-papers used -in the days of our grandfathers, in the outer case -of the corpulent watch now a-days seldom seen. -I send you the following one, which I read many -years since; but as I did not copy the lines, I cannot -vouch for their being strictly accurate:</p> - -<div class="poem"> - <div class="stanza"> - <p class="i1">"Onward perpetually moving,</p> - <p class="i1">These faithful hands are ever proving</p> - <p class="i2">How quick the hours fly by;</p> - <p class="i1">This monitory pulse-like beating,</p> - <p class="i1">Seems constantly, methinks, repeating,</p> - <p class="i2">Swift! swift! the moments fly.</p> - <p>Reader, be ready—for perhaps before</p> - <p>These hands have made one revolution more</p> - <p class="i2">Life's spring is snapt—you die!"</p> - </div> -</div> - -<p class="author"><span class="sc">F. James.</span></p> - -<hr class="full" /> - -<h2>Queries.</h2> - -<h3>BIRTHPLACE OF GEN. MONK.</h3> - -<p>In a clever biographical sketch by M. Guizot, -originally published in a French periodical (the -<i>Revue Française</i>) under the title of "Monk, -Etude Historique," George Monk, first Duke of -Albemarle, is said to have been born on the 6th -of December, 1608, at the manor-house of Potheridge, -the ancient inheritance of his family, in the -county of Devon.</p> - -<p>This Potheridge (otherwise Pen-the-ridge) is, -it appears, a village or hamlet situated "on the -ascendant ridge of a small hill," in the parish of -Merton, about four miles south-west of Torrington. -As M. Guizot's statement, in so far as locality is -concerned, seems open to doubt at least, if not -positive exception, I wish to elicit, and place on -record, through the medium of "N. & Q." if I -can, some farther and perhaps more decisive information -on the subject. In opposition to M. -Guizot's authority (whence derived or whatever -it might be), Lysons, in his account of Devonshire -in the <i>Magna Britannia</i>, positively lays the <i>venue</i> -of Monk's birth in the parish of Lancros or -Landcross, near Bideford, confirmatorily alleging -that his baptism took place there on the 11th of -December in the year above mentioned. In -another account, a notice of the Restoration by -M. Riordan de Muscry, appended to Monteth's -<i>History of the Rebellion</i>, he is said to have been -born in Middlesex, an assertion to which (in the -absence of all authority) little value can, of course, -be given. The slightest local investigation, including -a reference to the parochial registers of -Landcross and Merton, would, however, probably -at once solve the difficulty. But for the known -fidelity of Lysons, and the probability of his possessing -superior information on the specific point -at issue over that of M. Guizot, I should be most -reluctant to impeach the accuracy of any statement -of fact, however trifling or minute, emanating -from that distinguished writer. Few indeed there -are, even amongst our own historians, whose claims -on our faith, arising from close and accurate research, -intimate knowledge, clear perception, and -thorough comprehension of the events of that -most eventful period of English history, commencing -with the Revolution of 1640, can (as -manifested in their published works at least) vie -with those of M. Guizot. With some few of the -opinions, interpretations, constructions, and comments -passed or placed by M. Guizot on the life -and actions of Monk in this same "Etude Historique," -I shall, perhaps (with all deference), -be tempted to deal on some future occasion. An -able translation of the work, from the pen of the -present Lord Wharncliffe, appeared in 1838, the -year immediately succeeding its first publication. -The prefatory observations and valuable notes -there introduced richly illustrate the text of M. -Guizot, whose labours, in this instance, are certainly -not discreditably reflected through the -medium of his English editor. With one expression -of Lord Wharncliffe's, however (in the note -to which this paper chiefly refers), I take leave to -differ, wherein he hints that the question of -Monk's birthplace can have little interest beyond -the limits of the county of Devon, clearly a palpable -error.</p> - -<p class="author"><span class="sc">F. Kyffin Lenthall.</span></p> - -<hr class="full" /> - -<h3>Minor Queries.</h3> - -<p><i>Harmony of the Four Gospels.</i>—Can any of -your correspondents furnish me with the date of -the earliest Harmony, or the titles of any early -ones? Any information on the subject will much -oblige</p> - -<p class="author">Z.4.</p> - -<p><i>The Noel Family.</i>-Will any of your readers -be kind enough to give me information on the -following point? About the commencement of -the last century, a Rev. Wm. Noel lived at Ridlington, -county of Rutland: he was rector of that -parish about the year 1745. What relation was -he to the Earl of Gainsborough then living? Was -it not one of the daughters of this clergyman who -married a Capt. Furye?</p> - -<p class="author"><span class="sc">Teecee.</span></p> - -<p><i>Council of Trent.</i>—References are requested to -any worlds illustrative of the extent of knowledge -attainable by the Romish clergy at the sittings of -this council, in (1.) ecclesiastical antiquities, (2.) -historical traditions, (3.) biblical hermeneutics.</p> - -<p class="author"><span class="sc">T. J. Buckton.</span></p> - -<p>Birmingham.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_317"></a>{317}</span></p> - -<p><i>Roman Catholic Patriarchs.</i>—Has any bishop -in the Western Church held the title of patriarch -besides the Patriarch of Venice? And what -peculiar authority or privileges has he?</p> - -<p class="author"><span class="sc">W. Fraser.</span></p> - -<p>Tor-Mohun.</p> - -<p><i>The "Temple Lands" in Scotland.</i>—I am -anxious to learn some particulars of these lands. -I recollect of reading, some time ago, that the -superiorities of them had been acquired by John -B. Gracie, Esq., W. S. Edinburgh; but whether by -purchase or otherwise, I did not ascertain. Mr. -Gracie died some four or five years ago. Perhaps -some correspondent will favour me with some -information on the subject. In the Justice Street -of Aberdeen, there is a tenement of houses called -Mauchlan or Mauchline Tower Court, which is -said to have belonged to the order. In the -charters of this property, themselves very ancient, -reference is made to another, of about the earliest -date at which the order began to acquire property -in Scotland.</p> - -<p class="author"><span class="sc">Abredonensis.</span></p> - -<p><i>Cottons of Fowey.</i>—A family of "Cotton" was -settled at Fowey, in Cornwall, in the seventeenth -century. The first name of which I have any -notice is that of Abraham Cotton, who married -at Fowey in 1597. They bore for their arms, -Sable, a chevron between three cotton-hanks, Or -a crescent for difference: crest, a Cornish chough -holding in the beak a cotton-hank proper. William -Cotton, mayor of Plymouth in 1671, was probably -one of this family. The name is not Cornish; and -these Cottons had without doubt migrated at no -distant period from some other part of the kingdom. -Any information relating to the family or -its antecedents will be very gratefully received by</p> - -<p class="author">R. W. C.</p> - -<p><i>Draught or Draft of Air.</i>—Will some of your -contributors inform a reader what term or word -may be correctly used to signify the phrase -"current of air" up the flue of a chimney, or -through a room, &c.? The word <i>draught</i> or <i>draft</i> -is generally or universally used; but that signification -is not to be found attached to the word -<i>draught</i> or <i>draft</i> in any dictionary accessible to -the inquirer. The word is used by many English -scientific writers, and was undoubtedly used by -Dr. Franklin to signify a current of air in the flue -of a chimney (see also Ure's <i>Dict.</i>). Yet the word -cannot be found in Johnson or Ogilvie's <i>Imp. Dict.</i> -with this signification. The word "tirage" is also -used by French writers with the above signification; -and though in French dictionaries its -meaning is nearly the same, and nearly as extended -as the English word <i>draught</i> or <i>draft</i>, yet -it cannot be found in the <i>Dict. de l'Acad.</i> to signify -as above.</p> - -<p>New York.</p> - -<p><i>Admiral Sir Thomas Tyddeman</i> commanded -the squadron sent during the war with the Dutch -in the reign of Charles II. to assist in the capture -of certain richly laden merchant vessels which -had put into Bremen, but (owing to the treachery -of the Danish governor, who instead of acting in -concert with the English, as had been agreed, -opened fire upon them from the town) was unable -to effect his purpose.</p> - -<p>After the admiral's return to England, a question -was raised as to his conduct during the engagement; -and some persons went so far as to accuse -him of cowardice; but the Duke of York, who was -then in command of the fleet, entirely freed him -from such charges, and declared that he had acted -with the greatest discretion and bravery in the -whole affair.</p> - -<p>He died soon after this, in 1668, according to -Pepys's account, of a broken heart occasioned by -the scandal that had been circulated about him, -and the slight he felt he was suffering from the -Parliament. Perhaps some of your readers can -inform me where I may meet with farther particulars -relating to Admiral Tyddeman. I am particularly -desirous to gain information as to his -family and his descendants; also to learn upon -what occasion he was created a baronet or knight.</p> - -<p class="author"><span class="sc">Captain.</span></p> - -<p><i>Pedigree Indices.</i>—Is there any published table -of kin to Sir Thomas White, the founder of St. -John's College, Oxford, or of William of Wykeham, -after the plan of <i>Stemmata Chicheliana</i>?</p> - -<p>Is there any Index to the Welsh and Irish -pedigrees in the British Museum? Sims' valuable -book is confined to England.</p> - -<p>Are there Indices to the pedigrees in the Lambeth -Library, or the Bodleian Library at Oxford?</p> - -<p>The proper mode of making a search in the -Universities of Oxford and Cambridge wanted?</p> - -<p class="author">Y. S. M.</p> - -<p><i>Apparition of the White Lady.</i>—I observe in -two works lately published, an allusion made to an -apparition of the "White Lady," as announcing -the death of a prince; in the one case of the -throne of Brandenburgh<a name="footnotetag3" href="#footnote3"><sup>[3]</sup></a>, the other that of -France.<a name="footnotetag4" href="#footnote4"><sup>[4]</sup></a> Can any of your readers point out the -origin of this popular tradition?</p> - -<p class="author">C. M. W.</p> - -<div class="note"> - -<p><a name="footnote3"></a><b>Footnote 3:</b><a href="#footnotetag3">(return)</a></p> - -<p>In Michaud's <i>Biographie</i>.</p> - -<p><a name="footnote4"></a><b>Footnote 4:</b><a href="#footnotetag4">(return)</a></p> - -<p><i>Louis XVII.</i>, by A. De Beauchesne.</p> - -</div> - -<p><i>Rundlestone.</i>—Can any information be given of -the origin of the term "Rundlestone," as applied -to a rock off the Land's End; and also to a remarkable -stone near Hessory Tor? (Vide Mr. Bray's -Journal, Sept. 1802, in Mrs. Bray's work on the -Tamar and Tavy: and see also in the Ordnance -Maps.)</p> - -<p class="author">J. S. R.</p> - -<p>Garrison Library, Malta.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_318"></a>{318}</span></p> - -<p><i>Tottenham.</i>—What is the derivation of Tottenham -Park, Wilts, and of Tottenham Court Road? -The ancestor of the Irish family of that name was -from Cambridgeshire.</p> - -<p class="author">Y. S. M.</p> - -<p><i>Duval Family.</i>—Is or was there a French -family of the name of Duval, gentilhommes; and -if so, can any relationship be traced between -such family and the "Walls of Coolnamuck," an -ancient Anglo-Norman family of the south of -Ireland, who are considered to have been originally -named "Duval?"</p> - -<p class="author">H.</p> - -<p><i>Noses of the Descendants of John of Gaunt</i> -(Vol. vii., p. 96.).—What peculiarity have they? -I am one, and I know many others; but I am at -<i>a loss to know</i> the meaning of E. D.'s remark.</p> - -<p class="author">Y. S. M.</p> - -<p><i>General Wall.</i>—Can any of your Irish correspondents -give me any information respecting the -parentage and descent of General Richard Wall, -who was Prime Minister at the Court of Spain in -the year 1750 or 1753 (vide Lord Mahon); also -whether the General belonged to that branch of -the Walls of Coolnamuck, whose property fell -into the hands of certain English persons named -Ruddall, in whose family some Irish property still -remains?</p> - -<p>Did the general have any sisters? Is there -any monograph life of the general?</p> - -<p class="author">H.</p> - -<p><i>John Daniel and Sir Ambrose Nicholas Salter.</i>—Can -any of the readers of "N. & Q." give any -information respecting one John Danyel or -Daniel, of Clement's Inn, who translated from the -Spanish, <i>Jehovah, A free Pardon with many -Graces therein contained, granted to all Christians -by our most Holy and Reuerent Father God -Almightie, the principal High Priest and Bishoppe -in Heaven and Earth, 1576</i>; and <i>An excellent -Comfort to all Christians against all kinde of Calamities, -1576</i>?</p> - -<p>Also any information respecting Sir Ambrose -Nicholas Salter, son of John Nicholas of Redingworth, -in Huntingdonshire, to whom the first -tract is dedicated; or of his mayoralty of the city -of London, 1575-6.</p> - -<p class="author">B. B. W.</p> - -<p><i>Edward Bysshe.</i>—I shall feel particularly -obliged to any of your correspondents who will -favour me with a biographical notice of Edward -Bysshe, author of <i>The Art of English Poetry, -The British Parnassus</i>, &c., especially the dates -and places of his birth and death.</p> - -<p class="author"><span class="sc">Civis.</span></p> - -<p><i>President Bradshaw and John Milton.</i>—In a -pamphlet by T. W. Barlow, Esq., of the Honorable -Society of Gray's Inn, entitled <i>Cheshire, its Historical -and Literary Associations</i>, published in -1852, it is stated that among the memorials of -friends which President Bradshaw's will contains, -is a bequest of <i>ten pounds</i> to his <i>kinsman, John -Milton</i>, which cannot be said to be an insignificant -legacy two centuries ago.</p> - -<p>Can any of your numerous correspondents -afford a clue to the family connexion between -these distinguished individuals?</p> - -<p class="author">T. P. L.</p> - -<p>Manchester.</p> - -<hr class="full" /> - -<h3>Minor Queries with Answers.</h3> - -<p><i>Ket the Tanner.</i>—Can you or any of your -correspondents give me any information about -"Ket the Tanner;" or refer me to any book or -books containing a history or biography of that -remarkable person? As I want the information -for a historical purpose, I hope you will give me -as lengthy an account as possible.</p> - -<p class="author"><span class="sc">W. J. Linton.</span></p> - -<p>Brantwood, Coniston, Lancashire.</p> - -<div class="note"> - -<p>[A long account of Ket, and his insurrection, is -given in Blomefield's <i>Norfolk</i>, vol. iii. pp. 222-260., -edit. 1806. Incidental notices of him will be also -found in Alexander Nevyllus' <i>Norfolke Furies and their -Folye, under Ket, their accursed Captaine</i>, 4to., 1623; -Strype's <i>Ecclesiastical Memorials</i>, vol. i.; Heylin's <i>History -of the Reformation</i>; Stow's <i>Chronicle</i>; Godwin's -<i>Annales of England</i>; and Sharon Turner's <i>Modern History -of England</i>, under Edward VI. A Fragment of -the Requests and Demands of Ket and his Accomplices -is preserved in the Harleian MS. 304. art. 44.]</p> - -</div> - -<p>"<i>Namby-pamby.</i>"—What is the derivation of -namby-pamby?</p> - -<p class="author">Clericus Rusticus.</p> - -<div class="note"> - -<p>[Sir John Stoddart, in his article "Grammar" -(<i>Ency. Metropolitana</i>, vol.i. p. 118.), remarks, that the -word "<i>Namby-pamby</i> seems to be of modern fabrication, -and is particularly intended to describe that style of -poetry which affects the infantine simplicity of the -nursery. It would perhaps be difficult to trace any -part of it to a significant origin."]</p> - -</div> - -<hr class="full" /> - -<h2>Replies.</h2> - -<h3>EDITIONS OF BOOKS OF COMMON PRAYER.</h3> - -<p class="center">(Vol. vii., pp. 18. 91. 321.)</p> - -<p>As you have printed various lists of Prayer-Books, -I send you the following of such books as -are in my own possession. Other persons may, -perhaps, send lists of copies in private libraries:</p> - -<table width="90%" class="nobctr" summary="Editions of Books of Common Prayer that our correspondent owns"> - <tr> - <td class="vtm">1549.</td> - <td>Book of Common Prayer. Whitchurch. June. Folio.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="vtm">1549.</td> - <td>May. Folio. (Wants title and last leaf.)</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="vtm">1549.</td> - <td>June. Folio. (Last leaf wanting.)</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="vtm">1552.</td> - <td>Whitchurch. Folio.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="vtm">1552.</td> - <td>Grafton. Folio. (Title wanting)</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="vtm">1552.</td> - <td>Whitchurch. 4to. The first edition to which the prose Psalter - and the Godly Prayers were appended.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="vtm">1567.</td> - <td>4to. (No title.)</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="vtm">1571.</td> - <td>24mo.<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_319"></a>{319}</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="vtm">1580.</td> - <td>Folio.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="vtm">1574.</td> - <td>4to.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="vtm">1578.</td> - <td>Folio.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="vtm">1551.</td> - <td>Ordinatio Ecclesiæ seu Ministerii, &c. 4to. A Latin - translation of the Book of 1549.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="vtm">1548.</td> - <td>Ordo Distributionis Sacramenti, &c. 12mo. A Latin - translation of the Order of Communion.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="vtm">1571.</td> - <td>Liber Precum Publicarum, &c. Londini, 24mo.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="vtm">1574.</td> - <td><span class="ditto">8vo.</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="vtm">1596.</td> - <td><span class="ditto">8vo.</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="vtm">1604.</td> - <td>Book of Common Prayer. Folio. (Royal Arms on sides.) The - first edit. of the reign of James I.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="vtm">1605.</td> - <td>Folio.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="vtm">1605.</td> - <td>Folio.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="vtm">1614.</td> - <td>4to.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="vtm">1615.</td> - <td>Folio.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="vtm">1618.</td> - <td>4to.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="vtm">1616.</td> - <td>12mo., bound in silver by the nuns of Little Gidding.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="vtm">1621.</td> - <td>4to. In Welsh.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="vtm">1622.</td> - <td>Folio.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="vtm"></td> - <td>Liturgia Inglesia, 4to., large paper. A Spanish translation, - made at the cost of Archbishop Williams.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="vtm"></td> - <td>4to. The same.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="vtm">1616.</td> - <td>La Liturgie Angloise, 4to., large paper. This translation was - also made at the charge of Williams.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="vtm"></td> - <td>4to. The same.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="vtm">1625.</td> - <td>Common Prayer. Folio. First edition of the reign of Charles I. - This copy was used by Secretary Nicholas, in his family, during the - period of the Commonwealth. A clause in his own hand is inserted in - the Prayer for the King.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="vtm">1628.</td> - <td>12mo.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="vtm">1631.</td> - <td>Folio.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="vtm">1633.</td> - <td>Folio.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="vtm">1633.</td> - <td>Edinburgh. 12mo. (Young.)</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="vtm">1633.</td> - <td>12mo. The same.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="vtm">1634.</td> - <td>4to.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="vtm">1636.</td> - <td>Folio, large paper. (Royal Arms on sides.)</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="vtm">1636.</td> - <td>Folio.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="vtm">1637.</td> - <td>4to.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="vtm">1637.</td> - <td>12mo.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="vtm">1639.</td> - <td>4to.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="vtm">1640.</td> - <td>24mo.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="vtm">1657.</td> - <td>Edinburgh. Folio. (Young.)</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="vtm">1713.</td> - <td>8vo., large paper. (Watson's reprint of the preceding.)</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="vtm">1660.</td> - <td>Folio.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="vtm">1660.</td> - <td>Folio. (A different edition.)</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="vtm">1660.</td> - <td>4to.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="vtm">1690.</td> - <td>12mo.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="vtm">1661.</td> - <td>Folio, large paper, with the Form at the Healing.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="vtm">1662.</td> - <td>Folio, large paper, with the Form at the Healing.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="vtm">1662.</td> - <td>Folio, large paper.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="vtm">1662.</td> - <td>Folio.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="vtm">1662.</td> - <td>Folio.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="vtm">1662.</td> - <td>Folio. Second edition of this year.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="vtm">1662.</td> - <td>Cambridge. 8vo.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="vtm">1662.</td> - <td>Cambridge. 8vo. Different edition.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="vtm">1669.</td> - <td>Folio.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="vtm">1686.</td> - <td>Folio.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="vtm">1687.</td> - <td>Folio, large paper.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="vtm">1692.</td> - <td>8vo.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="vtm">1694.</td> - <td>Folio.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="vtm">1699.</td> - <td>8vo.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="vtm">1700.</td> - <td>8vo.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="vtm">1703.</td> - <td>Folio, with the Form at the Healing.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="vtm">1708.</td> - <td>8vo., with the Form at the Healing.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="vtm">1769.</td> - <td>12mo., with the Form at the Healing.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="vtm">1715.</td> - <td>Folio, with the Form at the Healing.</td> - </tr> -</table> - -<p>I have excluded from my list all those thin -editions of the Prayer Book, which were usually -bound up with Bibles, except in three instances. -The exceptions are these:—The folio, 1578; -Young's edition, 1633; and that of 1715. Generally -these thin books, which have only references -to the Epistles and Gospels, are of no value whatever. -The exceptions in this list, however, are -important books. The book of 1578 was prepared -by the Puritans, and is so altered that the word -<i>priest</i> does not occur in a single rubric. Young's -book of 1633 is the first Prayer Book printed in -Scotland; and the edition of 1715 is remarkable -for "The Healing," though George I. never attempted -to touch for the king's evil.</p> - -<p>Should you deem this list worth printing, I will -send another of <i>occasional forms</i>, now in my possession, -from the reign of Elizabeth to the accession -of the House of Hanover. It may lead others -to do the same, and thus bring to light some forms -not generally known. The Prayer Books and occasional -forms in our public libraries are known -to most persons; but it is important to ascertain -the existence of others in private collections.</p> - -<p class="author"><span class="sc">Thomas Lathbury.</span></p> - -<p>Bristol.</p> - -<p>I possess a copy of the Prayer Book of an edition -I do not see mentioned in any of the lists -published in "N. & Q." It is small octavo, <i>imprinted</i> -by Bonham, Norton, and John Bill, 1627.</p> - -<p class="author">K. L.</p> - -<hr class="full" /> - -<h3>THE CRESCENT.</h3> - -<p class="center">(Vol. viii., p. 196.)</p> - -<p>Your correspondent <span class="sc">W. Robson</span>, in asking to -have pointed out "the period at which the crescent -became the standard of Mahometanism," appears -to assume, what is more than doubtful, that it <i>has -been</i>, and still <i>is</i> so. For although "modern poets -and even historians have named it as the antagonistic -standard to the cross," the crescent cannot -be considered as "<i>the</i> standard" of Mahometanism—emphatically, -much less exclusively—except -in a poetical and figurative sense. That it is <i>one</i> -among several standards, I admit; it is used by<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_320"></a>{320}</span> -the Turks as an ornament, and probably as a -symbol, of their dominion, or in connexion with -their religion. This may have originated in the -following fact:—Mahomet, at the introduction of -his religion, said to his followers, who were ignorant -of astronomy, "When you see the new -moon, begin the fast; when you see the moon, -celebrate the Bairam." And at this day, although -the precise time of the lunar changes may be -ascertained from their ephemerides, yet they never -begin either the Ramazan, or the Bairam, till some -have testified that they have seen the new moon. -(Cantemir's <i>History of the Othman Empire</i>, pref. -pp. iv, v.) But the ancient Israelites had precisely -the same custom in commencing <i>their</i> "new moons -and appointed feasts." (See <i>Calmet</i>, art. "Month.") -That which may properly be called the standard -of the Turks, is the <i>Sanjak Cherif</i>, or Standard of -the Prophet. It is of green silk<a name="footnotetag5" href="#footnote5"><sup>[5]</sup></a>, preserved in -the treasury with the utmost care, and never -brought out of the seraglio but to be carried to -the army. This banner is supposed by the Turks -to ensure victory, and is the sacred signal to -which they rally. (De Tott's <i>Memoirs</i>, vol. ii. -pp. 2, 3.)</p> - -<p>The military ensigns which the grand seignior -bestows on the governors of provinces and other -great men, include the following: 1. The <i>sanjak</i>, -or standard, only distinguished from that of Mahomet -by the colour, one being red and the other -green. 2. The <i>tug</i>, or standard consisting of one, -two, or three horse-tails, according to the dignity -of the office borne by him who receives it. Pachas -of the highest rank are distinguished by three -tails, and the title <i>beglerbeg</i>, or prince of princes. -Those next in rank are the pachas of two tails, -and the beys are honoured but with one. These -tails are not <i>worn</i> by the pachas, but fastened at -the end of a lance, having a gilt handle, and carried -before the pacha, or fixed at the side of his tent. -3. The <i>alem</i> is a large broad standard, which instead -of a spear-head has a silver plate in the -middle, bored in the shape of a <i>crescent or half-moon</i>. -(Cantemir, <i>Hist. Oth. Emp.</i>, p. 10.)</p> - -<p>The sultan's barge, with canopy of purple silk, -supported throne-like by four gilt pillars, is -adorned with <i>three gilt candlesticks</i>; and only the -capudan pacha, when going to sea, is allowed to -have similar ornaments, as he is then considered as -<i>deriyá padishahi</i>, emperor of the sea. Even the -vizier is only permitted to display a canopy of -green silk on ivory pillars, but without candlesticks. -(<i>Ib.</i>, p. 424.)</p> - -<p>Thus it appears that the crescent holds but a -subordinate position among the ensigns at present -in use among the Turks. As to its history, I -have found no trace of it in connexion with that -of the Crusades. Tasso, in <i>La Gerusalemme Liberata</i>, -mentions "the spread standards" of the -soldan's army "waving to the wind" ("Sparse al -vento ondeggiando ir le bandiere," canto xx. -st. 28.), but he makes no allusion to <i>the crescent</i>. -I have not access to Michaud's <i>Histoire des Croisades</i>, -and shall be glad if your correspondent will -quote the passage to which he has referred. Does -Michaud speak of it as existing <i>at that time</i>? -This does not clearly appear from the reference. -There were several sultans named Mahomet who -reigned in or near the age of the Crusades, two -of the Seljak dynasty; the first the conqueror of -Bagdad, the second cotemporary with Baldwin III., -king of Jerusalem. In the Carizmian -dynasty, Mahomet I. was cotemporary with -Godfrey, Baldwin I., and Baldwin II.; and Mahomet -II. commenced his reign about <span class="allsmcap">A.D.</span> 1206. -But the conqueror of Constantinople, Mahomet II., -was of the Othman dynasty, and lived some centuries -later, the fall of that city having taken -place <span class="allsmcap">A.D.</span> 1453. <i>To which</i> of these eras does Michaud -ascribe the use of <i>the crescent</i> for the first -time?</p> - -<p>After all, perhaps, the Turkish crescent, like the -modern crown of Western Europe, may be but a -variation of the horn, the ancient symbol of authority, -so often alluded to in the Old Testament. -The <i>two</i> cusps or horns of the crescent, and the -circle of diverging <i>rays</i> in the diadem, suggest -that the variation is simply one of number; and -the derivation is strongly corroborated by etymology. -The Hebrew word קרן (<i>keren</i>) is connected -with, and possibly the original source of, -our two words <i>horn</i> and <i>crown</i>. Its dual (<i>karnaim</i>) -signifies <i>horns</i> or <i>rays</i>, as in Habak. iii. 4.</p> - -<p>A fact mentioned by D'Herbelot may have -some connexion with the Turkish crescent. When -the celebrated warrior, Tamugin, whose conquests -preceded those of the Othman dynasty, assumed -in a general assembly of the Moguls and Tartars -the title of <i>Ghenghis Khan</i>, or king of kings, "Il -y ordonna qu'une cornette blanche seroit dorénavant -l'étendart général de ses troupes" (<i>Bibliothèque -Orientale</i>, p. 379.). Thus did the Mogul -conqueror (to use the words of the Psalmist) "lift -up the horn on high." (Psalm lxxv. 5.) About -half a century after the death of Ghengis Khan, -Aladin, Sultan of Iconium, conferred on Othman, -who afterwards founded the Turkish empire, the -<i>tabl alem</i>—the drum, standards, and other ornaments -of a general. (Cantemir, <i>Hist. Oth. Emp.</i>, -p. 10.) The explanation of the <i>alem</i> by the historian -in his annotations, I have already quoted. -This is the only allusion to the crescent as an ensign -that I have met with in Cantemir.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_321"></a>{321}</span></p> - -<p>The painters of Christendom (no high authorities -in this matter) often represent the crescent -as a part of Turkish costume, worn in front of the -turban. But in the portraits of the Turkish emperors, -"taken from originals in the grand seignior's -palace," there appears no such ornament. -(See the plates in Cantemir's <i>History</i>.) Many of -them are represented as wearing the <i>sorgus</i>, a -crest of feathers adorned with precious stones. -Like the horn, it is an emblem of authority. -Many of them have two fastened to the turban.</p> - -<p>Your correspondent states that "the crescent is -common upon the reverses of coins of the Eastern -empire long before the Turkish conquest." I -think this highly probable, but would be glad to -see the authorities for the fact. I cannot admit, -however, that the crescent was in any degree -"peculiar to Sclave nations" for, first, the Sclave -nations reached no farther south than Moravia, -Bohemia, and their vicinity, they did not occupy -the seat of the Eastern empire, which was partly -Greek and partly Roman. Secondly, though I -have no work on numismatics to consult, I have -casually met with instances in which the heavenly -bodies are represented on Persian, Phœnician, and -Roman coins. As instances, in Calmet's <i>Dictionary</i>, -art. "Moloch," is represented a Persian -coin with the figures of a star and <i>crescent</i>; in -the Pictorial Bible, 2 Chron. xv. 16., a Phœnician -coin bearing a <i>crescent</i>; and in Matt. xx. 1., on a -Roman coin of Augustus, there is the figure of -a star. The Turks, however, stamp nothing on -their coins but the emperor's name and the date -of coinage.</p> - -<p>Again, in European heraldry, Frank, German, -Gothic, and not Sclave, the <i>crescent</i> appears; in -"common charges," for example, as one of the -emblems of power, glory, &c. and among "differences," -to distinguish a second son.</p> - -<p>Should the above facts tend to throw any light -on the subject of your correspondent's inquiry, I -shall be gratified; and if any of my views can be -shown to be erroneous, it will afford me equal -pleasure to correct them.</p> - -<p class="author"><span class="sc">J. W. Thomas.</span></p> - -<p>Dewsbury.</p> - -<div class="note"> - -<p><a name="footnote5"></a><b>Footnote 5:</b><a href="#footnotetag5">(return)</a></p> - -<p>So says De Tott; Cantemir says it is <i>red</i>. But -this discrepancy in the authorities is easily accounted -for, since the <i>Sanjak Cherif</i> is so sacred that it must -be looked upon by none but the <i>Muslimans</i>, the true -believers. If seen by the eyes of <i>giaours</i> (unbelievers), -it would be profaned. (De Tott, <i>Memoirs</i>, p. 3.)</p> - -</div> - -<hr class="full" /> - -<h3>SEALS OF THE BOROUGH OF GREAT YARMOUTH.</h3> - -<p class="center">(Vol. viii., p. 269.)</p> - -<p>I fear that the result of my researches will be -but of little service; but your Querist is heartily -welcome to the mite I offer.</p> - -<p>The second seal appears to have been the seal -of assay; probably used for certifying the correctness -of the king's beam, or for sealing documents -authorising exports, of which there were -formerly many and various from this port. Yarmouth -was held by the kings until 9 John, when -a charter was granted to his burgesses, inhabitants -of Gernemue, that they should henceforth hold -the town in "fee-farm," paying yearly the sum of -55<i>l.</i> in lieu of all rents, tolls, &c. Probably on -this occasion a seal of arms was granted. About -the year 1306 a dispute fell out between Great -Yarmouth and the men of Little Yarmouth and -Gorleston adjoining, the latter insisting on the -right to load and unload fish in their harbours; -but the former prevailed as being free burgh, -which the others were not. In 1332 a charter -was granted (6 Ed. III.) for adjusting these disputes, -wherein it was directed—</p> - -<blockquote> - -<p>"That ships laden with wool, leather, and skins -upon which the great custom is due, shall clear out -from that port where our beam and the seal called -<i>coket</i> remain, and nowhere else (ubi thronus noster et -sigillum nostrum, quod dicitur <i>coket</i>, existunt, et non -alibi carcentur)."</p> - -</blockquote> - -<p>What <i>coket</i> is, I am unable to say: but the king's -beam for weighing merchandise, called <i>thronus</i> or -<i>tronus</i>, stood usually in the most public place of -the town or port. The legend on this seal appears -to be old French, and is evidently the "seal of -assay of Great Yarmouth."</p> - -<p>The third seal has probably belonged to Little -Yarmouth. The arms of Great Yarmouth were -"azure three herrings in pale argent." It is not -unlikely that during disputes between the two -ports the Little Yarmouthites might assume a -seal of arms; but as such thing were more carefully -looked after then than in these degenerate -days, they would not venture on the <i>three -herrings</i>, but content themselves with one; and -they might desire to dignify their town as "New" -instead of "Little" Yarmouth.</p> - -<p>With regard to the first seal, I should judge -from its oval shape, the cross, and legend, that it -is ecclesiastic, and has no connexion with Yarmouth.</p> - -<p class="author"><span class="sc">Broctuna.</span></p> - -<p>Bury, Lancashire.</p> - -<hr class="full" /> - -<h3>MOON SUPERSTITIONS.</h3> - -<p class="center">(Vol. viii., pp. 79. 145.)</p> - -<p>Notwithstanding the authority upon which <span class="sc">Mr. -Ingleby</span> founds the assertion, that there is not the -"slightest observable dependence" between the -moon and the weather, the dictum is open to something -more than doubt. That the popular belief -of a full moon bringing fine weather is not strictly -correct, is undoubted; and the majority of the -popular ideas entertained on the influence of the -moon on the weather are equally fallacious; but -that the moon exerts no influence whatever on the -changes of the weather, is a statement involving -grave errors.</p> - -<p>The action of the moon on meteorological processes -is a highly complex problem; but the principal<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_322"></a>{322}</span> -conclusions to which scientific observations -tend, on this matter, may be pointed out without -perhaps encroaching too much on the space of -"N. & Q."</p> - -<p>Luke Howard, of Ackworth, several years ago, -concluded, from a series of elaborate observations, -extending over many years, that the moon exerted -a distinct influence on atmospheric pressure: and -Col. Sabine has more recently shown, from observations -made at the British Magnetical and Meteorological -Observatory at St. Helena since 1842—</p> - -<blockquote> - -<p>"That the attraction of the moon causes the mercury -in the barometer to stand, on the average, .004 of an -English inch higher when the moon is on the meridian -above or below the pole, than when she is six hours -distant from the meridian."—<i>Cosmos</i>, vol. i. note 381, -(author. trans.); <i>Phil. Trans.</i>, 1847, art. v.</p> - -</blockquote> - -<p>Luke Howard farther gives cogent reasons, -from his tabulated observations, for the conclusion -that the moon has an appreciable effect upon the -weather, exerted through the influence of its attraction -on the course and direction of the winds, -upon which it acts as a marked disturbing cause; -and through them it affects the local distribution -of temperature, and the density of the atmosphere. -There is no constant agreement between the <i>phases</i> -of the moon and certain states of the weather; but -an apparent connexion is not unfrequently observed, -due to the prevalence of certain winds, -which would satisfactorily account for the origin -and persistence of the popular belief: for, "it is -the peculiar and perpetual error of the human -understanding to be more moved and excited by -affirmatives than negatives" (<i>Nov. Org.</i>, Aph. 46.). -For example, in 1807, "not a twentieth part of -the rain of the year fell in that quarter of the -whole space, which occurred under the influence -of the moon at full" (<i>Lectures on Meteorology</i>, by -L. Howard, 1837, p. 81.). In 1808, however, this -phase lost this character completely.</p> - -<p>A more marked relation is found between the -state of the weather and the <i>declination</i> of the -moon: for—</p> - -<blockquote> - -<p>"It would appear, that while the moon is far south of -the equator, there falls but a moderate quantity of rain -with us; that while she is crossing the equator towards -these latitudes, our rain increases; that the -greatest depth of rain falls, with us, in the week in -which she is in the full north declination, or most -nearly vertical to these latitudes; and that during her -return over the equator to the south, the rain is reduced -to its minimum quantity. <i>And this distribution -obtains in very nearly the same proportions both in an extremely -dry and in an extremely wet season.</i>"—<i>Climate of -London</i>, by L. Howard, vol. ii. p. 251., 1820.</p> - -</blockquote> - -<p>Still more recently, Luke Howard has summed -up the labours of his life on this subject, and he -writes:</p> - -<blockquote> - -<p>"We have, I think, evidence of a great <i>tidal wave</i>, -or swell in the atmosphere, caused by the moon's attraction, -preceding her in her approach to us, and following -slowly as she departs from these latitudes. Were -the atmosphere a calm fluid ocean of air of uniform -temperature, this tide would be manifested with as -great regularity as those of the ocean of waters. But -the currents uniformly kept up by the sun's varying -influence effectually prevent this, and so complicate -the problem.</p> - -<p>"There is also manifest in the lunar influence a -<i>gradation of effects</i>, which is here shown, as it is found -to operate <i>through a cycle of eighteen years</i>. In these -the mean weight of our atmosphere increases through -the forepart of the period; and having kept for a year -at the maximum it has attained, decreases again through -the remaining years to a minimum; about which there -seems to be a fluctuation, before the mean begins to -rise again."—"On a Cycle of Eighteen Years in the -Height of the Barometer" (<i>Papers on Meteorology</i>, -Part II.; <i>Phil. Trans.</i>, 1841, Part II.).</p> - -</blockquote> - -<p>It is satisfactory to all interested in this matter -to know that "the incontestable action of our -satellite on atmospheric pressure, aqueous precipitations, -and the dispersion of clouds, will be -treated in the latter and purely telluric portion of -the <i>Cosmos</i>" (vol. iii. p. 368., and note 596, where -an interesting illustration is given of the effects -of the radiation of heat from the moon in the -upper strata of our atmosphere).</p> - -<p class="author"><span class="sc">Jno. N. Radcliffe.</span></p> - -<p>Dewsbury.</p> - -<p>Not being quite satisfied with <span class="sc">Mr. Ingleby's</span> -answer to W. W.'s Query, I beg to refer inquirers -to the <i>Nautical Magazine</i> for July, 1850, and three -subsequent months, in which will be found a -translation by Commander L. G. Heath, R.N., of -a paper published by M. Arago in the <i>Annuaire du -Bureau des Longitudes</i> for the year 1833, entitled -"Does the Moon exercise any appreciable Influence -on our Atmosphere?" This treatise enters -fully into the subject, and gives the results of -several courses of experiments extending over -many years; which go to prove that in Germany, -at all events, there is more rain during the waxing -than during the waning moon. Several popular -errors are shown to have arisen in the belief that -certain appearances in the moon, really the <i>effect</i> -of peculiar states of the atmosphere, were the -<i>cause</i> of such atmospheric peculiarities; but we -are allowed some ground for supposing that this -"vulgar error" may have some foundation in -"vulgar truth."</p> - -<p class="author"><span class="sc">G. William Skyring.</span></p> - -<hr class="full" /> - -<h3>LATIN RIDDLE.</h3> - -<p class="center">(Vol. viii., p. 243.)</p> - -<p>The enigma of Aulus Gellius (<i>Noctes Atticæ</i>, -lib. xii. cap. vi.), though transmitted to us in a -corrupt form, is solved at once by the story mentioned -by Livy (lib. i. cap. lv.). When Tarquinius<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_323"></a>{323}</span> -Superbus was about to build the Temple of Jupiter -Capitolinus, it was found necessary to "exaugurate" -or dispossess the other deities whose -shrines had previously occupied the ground. All -readily gave way to Father Jupiter with the exception -of <i>Terminus</i>; and the point of the riddle -lies in the analogy between "<i>Semel</i> minus," "<i>Bis</i> -minus," and "<i>Ter</i> minus."</p> - -<p>I extract a note from the copy of Aulus Gellius -before me:</p> - -<blockquote> - -<p>Barthius (<i>Adv.</i>, lib. xvi. cap. xxii.) hos versus ita -legebat:</p> - -<div class="poem"> - <div class="stanza"> - <p>'Semel minus? Non. Bisminus? Non. Sat scio.</p> - <p>An utrumque? Verum; ut quondam audivi dicier,</p> - <p>Jovi ipsi regi noluit concedere.'</p> - </div> -</div> - -<p>"Ita et trimetri sua sibi constant lege, et acumen -repetitis interrogatiunculis. Alioquin frigidum responsum. -Potest tamen ita intelligi, ut semel, bis, imo -ter Jove minus sit, et noluerit tamen Jovi cedere."—Page -560. N.: Lugd. Batav., 1706, 4to.</p> - -</blockquote> - -<p>Lactantius, "the Christian Cicero," thus tells -the story:</p> - -<blockquote> - -<p>"Nam cum Tarquinius Capitolium facere vellet, eoque -in loco multorum deorum sacella essent: consuluit -eos per augurium; utrum Jovi cederent, et cedentibus -cæteris, solus Terminus mansit. Unde illum -Poeta 'Capitoli immobile Saxum' vocat (Virg., <i>Æn.</i> -ix. 441.). Facto itaque Capitolio, supra ipsum Terminum -foramen est in tecto relictum: ut quia non -cesserat, libero cœlo frueretur."—<i>De Falsa Relig.</i>, lib. i. -cap. xx. <i>ad fin.</i></p> - -</blockquote> - -<p>Livy, in a subsequent book (v. 45.), Dionysius -of Halicarnassus (<i>Antiqu. Rom.</i>, lib. iii. cap. lxix.) -and Florus assert that <i>Juventas</i> also refused to -move; and St. Augustine tells the same story of -<i>Mars</i>. I may as well quote his words:</p> - -<blockquote> - -<p>"Cum Rex Tarquinius Capitolium fabricare vellet, -eumque locum qui ei dignior aptiorque videbatur, ab -Diis aliis cerneret præoccupatum, non audens aliquid -contra eorum facere arbitrium, et credens eos tanto -numini suoque principi voluntate cessuros; quia multi -erant illic ubi Capitolium constitutum est, per augurium -quæsivit, utrum concedere locum vellent Jovi: -atque ipsi inde cedere omnes voluerunt, præter illos, -quos commemoravi, Martem, Terminum, Juventatem: -atque ideo Capitolium ita constitutum est, ut etiam -iste tres intus essent tam obscuris signis, ut hoc vix -homines doctissimi scirent."—<i>De Civit. Dei</i>, lib. iv. -cap. xxiii. 3.</p> - -</blockquote> - -<p>Nor must I omit the following from Ovid:</p> - -<div class="poem"> - <div class="stanza"> - <p>"Quid, nova quum fierent Capitolia? Nempe Deorum</p> - <p class="i1">Cuncta Jovi cessit turba, locumque dedit,</p> - <p>Terminus ut memorant veteres, inventus in æde,</p> - <p class="i1">Restitit, et magno cum Jove templa tenet.</p> - <p>Nunc quoque, se supra ne quid nisi sidera cernat,</p> - <p class="i1">Exiguum templi tecta foramen habent."</p> - </div> - <div class="stanza"> - <p class="i12"><i>Fast.</i>, lib. ii. 667., &c.</p> - </div> -</div> - -<p>Much more information may be found in Smith's -<i>Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography</i>, &c., -sub voc. <span class="sc">Terminus</span>. Servius, <i>ad Aen.</i> ix. 448. -Politiani, <i>Miscell.</i> c. 36. <i>Histoire Romaine</i>, par -Catrou et Rouille, vol. i. p. 343. &c., N.: à Paris, -1725, 4to. Grævii, <i>Thesaur. Antiqu. Rom.</i>, vol. ix. -218. N., and vol. x. 783. Traject. ad Rhen., 1699, -fol. Plutarch, in <i>Vit. Numæ</i>.</p> - -<p class="author"><span class="sc">Robert Gibbings.</span></p> - -<hr class="full" /> - -<h3>"HURRAH!"</h3> - -<p class="center">(Vol. viii., p. 20. &c.)</p> - -<p>In two previous Numbers (Vol. vi., p. 54.; Vol. -vii., p. 594.) Queries have been inserted as to the -derivation of the exclamations <i>Hurrah!</i> and <i>Hip, -hip, hurrah!</i> These have elicited much learned -remark (Vol. vii., p. 633.; Vol. viii., pp. 20. 277.), -but still I think the real originals have not yet -been reached by your correspondents.</p> - -<p>As to <i>hip, hip!</i> I fear it must remain questionable, -whether it be not a mere fanciful conjecture -to resolve it into the initials of the war-cry of -the Crusaders, "Hierosolyma est perdita!" The -authorities, however, seem to establish that it -should be written "hep" instead of <i>hip</i>. I would -only remark, <i>en passant</i>, that there is an error in -the passage cited by <span class="sc">Mr. Brent</span> (Vol. viii., p. 88.) -in opposition to this mediæval solution, which entirely -destroys the authority of the quotation. He -refers to a note on the ballad of "Old Sir Simon -the King," in which, on the couplet—</p> - -<div class="poem"> - <div class="stanza"> - <p>"Hang up all the poor <i>hep</i> drinkers,</p> - <p>Cries Old Sir Sim, the king of skinkers."</p> - </div> -</div> - -<p>the author says that "<i>hep</i> was a term of derision -applied to those who drank a weak infusion of the -hep (or <i>hip</i>) berry or sloe: and that the exclamation -'hip, hip, hurrah!' is merely a corruption -of 'hip, hip, away!'" But, unfortunately for this -theory, the hip is not the sloe, as the annotator -seems to suppose; nor is it capable of being used -in the preparation of any infusion that could be -substituted for wine, or drunk "with all the -honours." It is merely the hard and tasteless -<i>buckey</i> of the wild dog-rose, to the flower of which -Chaucer likens the gentle knight Sir Thopas:</p> - -<div class="poem"> - <div class="stanza"> - <p>"As swete as is the bramble flour,</p> - <p>That beareth, the red <i>hepe</i>."</p> - </div> -</div> - -<p>This demurrer, therefore, does not affect the -validity of the claim which has been set up in -favour of an oriental origin for this convivial -<i>refrain</i>.</p> - -<p>As to <i>hurrah!</i> if I be correct in my idea of its -parentage, there are few words still in use which -can boast such a remote and widely extended -prevalence. It is one of those interjections in -which sound so echoes sense, that men seem to -have adopted it almost instinctively. In India -and Ceylon, the Mahouts and attendants of the -baggage-elephants cheer them on by perpetual -repetitions of <i>ur-ré, ur-ré!</i> The Arabs and camel-drivers<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_324"></a>{324}</span> -in Turkey, Palestine, and Egypt encourage -their animals to speed by shouting <i>ar-ré, ar-ré!</i> -The Moors seem to have carried the custom with -them into Spain, where the mules and horses are -still driven with cries of <i>arré</i> (whence the muleteers -derive their Spanish appellation of <i>arrieros</i>). -In France, the sportsman excites the hound by -shouts of <i>hare, hare!</i> and the waggoner turns -his horses by his voice, and the use of the word -<i>hurhaut!</i> In Germany, according to Johnson -(<i>in verbo</i> <span class="sc">Hurry</span>), "<i>Hurs</i> was a word used by -the old Germans in urging their horses to speed." -And to the present day, the herdsmen in Ireland, -and parts of Scotland, drive their cattle with -shouts of <i>hurrish, hurrish!</i> In the latter country, -in fact, to <i>hurry</i>, or to <i>harry</i>, is the popular term -descriptive of the predatory habits of the border -reivers in plundering and "driving the cattle" of -the lowlanders.</p> - -<p>The sound is so expressive of excitement and -energy, that it seems to have been adopted in all -nations as a stimulant in times of commotion; -and eventually as a war-cry by the Russians, the -English, and almost every people of Europe. Sir -Francis Palgrave, in the passage quoted from his -<i>History of Normandy</i> ("N. & Q.," Vol. viii., p. 20.), -has described the custom of the Normans in -raising the country by "the cry of <i>haro</i>," or <i>haron</i>, -upon which all the lieges were bound to join in -pursuit of the offender. This <i>clameur de haron</i> is -the origin of the English "hue and cry;" and the -word <i>hue</i> itself seems to retain some trace of the -prevailing pedigree.</p> - -<p>This stimulating interjection appears, in fact, to -have enriched the French language as well as our -own with some of the most expressive etymologies. -It is the parent of the obsolete French verb <i>harer</i>, -"to hound on, or excite clamour against any one." -And it is to be traced in the epithet for a worn-out -horse, a <i>haridelle</i>, or <i>haridan</i>.</p> - -<p>In like manner, our English expressions, to -<i>hurry</i>, to <i>harry</i>, and <i>harass</i> a flying enemy, are all -instinct with the same impulse, and all traceable -to the same root.</p> - -<p class="author"><span class="sc">J. Emerson Tennent.</span></p> - -<p>The following extract frown Mr. Thos. Dicey's -<i>Hist. of Guernsey</i> (edit. Lond. 1751), pp. 8, 9, 10., -may be worth adding to the foregoing notes on this -subject:</p> - -<blockquote> - -<p>"One thing more relating to <i>Rollo</i> Mr. Falle, in -his account of Jersey, introduces in the following -manner, not only for the singularity of it, but the -particular concern which that island has still in it, -viz.—</p> - -<p>"Whether it began through Rollo's own appointment, -or took its rise among the people from an awful -reverence of him for his justice, it matters not; but so -it is, that a custom obtained in his time, that in case -of incroachment and invasion of property, or of any -other oppression and violence requiring immediate -remedy, the party aggrieved need do no more than call -upon the name of the Duke, though at never so great -a distance, thrice repeating aloud <i>Ha-Ro</i>, &c., and -instantly the aggressor was at his peril to forbear -attempting anything further.—<i>Aa!</i> or <i>Ha!</i> is the -exclamation of a person suffering; <i>Ro</i> is the Duke's -name abbreviated; so that <i>Ha-Ro</i> is as much as to say, -<i>O! Rollo, my Prince, succour me.</i> Accordingly (says -Mr. Falle) with us, in Jersey, the cry is, <i>Ha-Ro, à -l'aide, mon Prince!</i> And this is that famous <i>Clameur -de Haro</i>, subsisting in practice even when Rollo was -no more, so much praised and commented upon by -all who have wrote on the Norman laws. A notable -example of its virtue and power was seen about one -hundred and seventy years after Rollo's death, at -William the Conqueror's funeral, when, in confidence -thereof, a private man and a subject dared to oppose -the burying of his body, in the following manner:</p> - -<p>"It seems that, in order to build the great Abbey of -St. Stephen at Caen, where he intended to lie after his -decease, the Conqueror had caused several houses to -be pulled down for enlarging the area, and amongst -them one whose owner had received no satisfaction for -his loss. The son of that person (others say the person -himself) observing the grave to be dug on that -very spot of ground which had been the site of his -father's house, went boldly into the assembly, and forbid -them, <i>not in the name of God</i>, as some have it, but -<i>in the name of Rollo</i>, to bury the body there.</p> - -<p>"Paulus Æmylius, who relates the story, says that -he addressed himself to the company in these words:—'He -who oppressed kingdoms by his arms has been my -oppressor also, and has kept me under a continual fear -of death. Since I have outlived him who injured me, -I mean not to acquit him now he is dead. The ground -whereon you are going to lay this man is mine; and I -affirm that none may in justice bury their dead in -ground which belongs to another. If, after he is gone, -force and violence are still used to detain my right -from me, <span class="sc">I appeal to Rollo</span>, the founder and father -of our nation, who, though dead, lives in his laws. I -take refuge in those laws, owning no authority above -them.'</p> - -<p>"This uncommonly brave speech, spoken in presence -of the deceased king's own son, Prince Henry, afterwards -our King Henry I., wrought its effect: the -<i>Ha-Ro</i> was respected, the man had compensation made -him for his wrongs, and, all opposition ceasing, the -dead king was laid in his grave."</p> - -</blockquote> - -<p class="author"><span class="sc">J. Sansom.</span></p> - -<hr class="full" /> - -<h3>PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE.</h3> - -<p><i>Process for Printing on Albumenized Paper.</i>—The -power of obtaining agreeable and well-printed -positives from their negatives being the great object -with all photographers, induces me to communicate -the following mode of preparing albumenized -paper; a mode which, although it does -not possess any remarkable novelty, seems to me -deserving of being made generally known, from -its giving a uniformity of results which may at all -times be depended upon.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_325"></a>{325}</span></p> - -<p>Independently of the very rich and agreeable -tones which may be produced by the process which -I am about to describe, it has the property of -affording permanent pictures, not liable to that -change by time to which pictures produced by the -use of the ammonio-nitrate solution are certainly -liable. I have upon all occasions advocated the -economical practice of photography, and the -present process will be found of that character; -but at the same time I can assure your readers -that a rapidity of action and intensity are hereby -obtained with a 40-grain solution of nitrate of -silver, fully equal to those gained from solutions -of 120, or even 200, grains to the ounce, as is frequently -practised.</p> - -<p>In eight ounces of water (distilled or not) dissolve -forty grains of common salt, and the same -quantity of muriate of ammonia.<a name="footnotetag6" href="#footnote6"><sup>[6]</sup></a> Mix this solution -with eight ounces of albumen; beat<a name="footnotetag7" href="#footnote7"><sup>[7]</sup></a> the -whole well together, allow it to stand in tall -vessel from twenty-four to forty hours, when the -clear liquor may be poured off into a porcelain -dish rather larger than the paper intended to be -albumenized.</p> - -<p>Undoubtedly the best paper for this process, -and relative quantity of chemicals, is the <i>thin</i> -Canson Frères' but a much cheaper, and perhaps -equally suitable paper, is that made by Towgood -of St. Neots. Neither with Whatman's nor -Turner's papers, excellent as they are for some -processes, have I obtained such satisfactory results. -If the photographer should unfortunately possess -some of the thick paper of any inferior makers, -he had far better throw it away than waste his -chemicals, time, and temper upon the vain endeavour -to turn it to any good account.</p> - -<p>The paper, having first been marked on the -right-hand upper corner of the smooth side, is -then to be floated with that marked side on the -albumen. This operation, which is very easy to -perform, is somewhat difficult to describe. I will -however try. Take the marked corner of the -sheet in the right-hand, the opposite corner of the -lower side of the paper in the left; and bellying -out the sheet, let the lower end fall gently on to -the albumen. Then gradually let the whole sheet -fall, so as to press out before it any adherent particles -of air. If this has been carefully done, no -air-bubbles will have been formed. The presence -of an air-bubble may however soon be detected by -the puckered appearance, which the back of the -paper assumes in consequence. When this is the -case, the paper must be carefully raised, the bubble -dispersed, and the paper replaced. A thin paper -requires to float for three minutes on the albumen, -but a thicker one proportionably longer. At the -end of that time raise the marked corner with the -point of a blanket pin; then take hold of it with -the finger and thumb, and so raise the sheet -steadily and <i>very slowly</i>, that the albumen may -drain off at the lower left corner. I urge this -raising it very slowly, because air-bubbles are very -apt to form on the albumen by the sudden snatching -up of the paper.</p> - -<p>Each sheet, as it is removed from the albumen, -is to be pinned up by the marked corner on a long -slip of wood, which must be provided for the purpose. -In pinning it up, be careful that the albumenized -side takes an inward curl, otherwise, from -there being two angles of incidence, streaks will -form from the middle of the paper. During the -drying, remove from time to time, with a piece of -blotting-paper, the drop of fluid which collects at -the lower corner of the paper.</p> - -<p>In order to fix the albumen, it is necessary that -the paper should be ironed with an iron as hot as -can be used without singeing the paper. It should -be first ironed between blotting-paper, and when -the iron begins to cool, it may be applied directly -to the surface of each sheet.</p> - -<p>To excite this paper it is only needful to float it -carefully from three to five minutes, in the same -way as it was floated on the albumen, upon a -solution of nitrate of silver of forty grains to the -ounce. Each sheet is then to be pinned up and -dried as before. It is scarcely necessary to add, -that this exciting process must be carried on by -the light of a lamp or candle.</p> - -<p>This paper has the property of keeping good -for several days, if kept in a portfolio. It has also -the advantage of being very little affected by the -ordinary light of a room, so that it may be used -and handled in any apartment where the direct -light is not shining upon it; yet in a tolerably intense -light it prints much more rapidly than that -prepared with the ammonio-nitrate.</p> - -<p>The picture should be fixed in a bath of saturated -solution of hypo. The hypo. never gets -discoloured, and should always be carefully preserved. -When a new bath is formed, it is well to -add forty grains of chloride of silver to every eight -ounces of the solution.</p> - -<p>A beautiful violet or puce tint, with great -whiteness of the high lights, may be obtained by -using the following bath as a fixing solution:</p> - -<table class="nob" summary="Formula for a fixing solution"> - <tr> - <td>Hyposulphite of soda</td> - <td class="ar">8</td> - <td>ounces.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Sel d'or</td> - <td class="ar">7</td> - <td>grains.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Iodide of silver</td> - <td class="ar">10</td> - <td>grains.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Water</td> - <td class="ar">8</td> - <td>ounces.</td> - </tr> -</table> - -<p>It may be as well to add, that although the nitrate -of silver solution used for exciting becomes<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_326"></a>{326}</span> -discoloured, it acts equally well, even when of a -dark brown colour; but it may always be deprived -of its colour, and rendered sufficiently pure -again, by filtering it through a little animal charcoal.</p> - -<p class="author"><span class="sc">Hugh W. Diamond.</span></p> - -<div class="note"> - -<p><a name="footnote6"></a><b>Footnote 6:</b><a href="#footnotetag6">(return)</a></p> - -<p>The addition of one drachm of acetic acid much -facilitates the easy application of the albumen to the -paper; but it is apt to produce the unpleasant redness -so often noticeable in photographs. The addition of -forty grains of chloride of barium to the two muriates, -yields a bistre tint, which is admired by some photographers.</p> - -<p><a name="footnote7"></a><b>Footnote 7:</b><a href="#footnotetag7">(return)</a></p> - -<p>Nothing answers so well for this purpose as a -small box-wood salad spoon.</p> - -</div> - -<hr class="full" /> - -<h3>Replies to Minor Queries.</h3> - -<p><i>Anderson's Royal Genealogies</i> (Vol. viii, p. 198.).—In -reply to your correspondent G., I may be -permitted to remark that it is generally understood -that <i>no</i> "memoir or biographical account" -is extant of Dr. James Anderson; but <i>short -notices</i> of him and his works will be found on reference -to the <i>Gentleman's Magazine</i>, vol. liii. -p. 41.; Chalmers' <i>General Biographical Dictionary</i>, -1812; Chambers' <i>Lives of Illustrious Scotsmen</i>, -1833; <i>Biographical Dictionary of the Society -of Useful Knowledge</i>, 1843; and also in Rose's -<i>New Biographical Dictionary</i>, 1848.</p> - -<p class="author">T. G. S.</p> - -<p>Edinburgh.</p> - -<p><i>Thomas Wright of Durham</i> (Vol. viii., p. 218.).—It -may interest <span class="sc">Mr. De Morgan</span> to be referred -to a manuscript in the British Museum, marked -"Additional, 15,627.," which he will find to be one -of the original "note-books," if not the very note-book -itself, from which the notice of the life of -Thomas Wright was compiled for the <i>Gentleman's -Magazine</i>. It is, in fact, an autobiography by -Wright, written in the form of a journal; and -although containing entries as late as the year -1780, it ceases to be continuous with the year -1748, and has no entries at all between that year -and 1756. This break in the journal sufficiently -accounts for the deficiency in the biography given -by the <i>Gentleman's Magazine</i>.</p> - -<p>I may mention, also, that the Additional MS. -15,628. contains Wright's unpublished collections -relative to British, Roman, and Saxon antiquities -in England.</p> - -<p class="author"><span class="sc">E. A. Bond.</span></p> - -<p><i>Weather Predictions</i> (Vol. viii., p. 218. &c.).—The -following is a Worcestershire saying:</p> - -<div class="poem"> - <div class="stanza"> - <p>"When Bredon Hill puts on his hat,</p> - <p>Ye men of the vale, beware of that."</p> - </div> -</div> - -<p>Similar to this is a saying I have heard in the -northern part of Northumberland:</p> - -<div class="poem"> - <div class="stanza"> - <p>"When Cheevyut (<i>i. e.</i> the Cheviot Hills) ye see put on his cap,</p> - <p>Of rain ye'll have a wee bit drap."</p> - </div> -</div> - -<p>There is a saying very common in many parts of -Huntingdonshire, that when the woodpeckers are -much heard, rain is sure to follow.</p> - -<p class="author"><span class="sc">Cuthbert Bede, B.A.</span></p> - -<p><i>Bacon's Essays</i>: <i>Bullaces</i> (Vol. viii., pp. 167. -223.).—"Bullace" (I never heard Bacon's plural -used) are known in Kent as small white tartish -plums, which do not come to perfection without -the help of a frost, and so are eaten when their -fellows are no more found. They have only been -cultivated of late years, I believe, but how long -I cannot tell.</p> - -<p class="author"><span class="sc">G. William Skyring.</span></p> - -<p>Somerset House.</p> - -<p>"Bullaces" are a small white or yellow plum, -about the size of a cherry, like very poor kind -of greengage, which, in ordinary seasons, when -I was a boy, were the common display of the fruit-stalls -at the corners of the streets, so common and -well known that I can only imagine <span class="sc">Mr. Halliwell</span> -to have misdescribed them by a slip of the -pen writing black for white.</p> - -<p class="author"><span class="sc">Frank Howard.</span></p> - -<p>"Gennitings" are early apples (<i>quasi June-eatings</i>, -as "gilliflowers," said to be corrupted -from July flowers). For the derivation suggested -to me while I write, I cannot answer; but for the -fact I can, having, while at school in Needham -Market, Suffolk, plucked and eaten many a -"striped genniting," while "codlins" were on a -tree close by. And many a time have I been -rallied as a Cockney for saying I had gathered -"enough" instead of "enow," which one of your -Suffolk correspondents has justly recorded as the -county expression applied to number as distinguished -from quantity.</p> - -<p class="author"><span class="sc">Frank Howard.</span></p> - -<p><i>Nixon the Prophet</i> (Vol. viii., p. 257.).—<span class="sc">Mr. -T. Hughes</span> mentions Nixon "to have lived and -prophesied in the reign of James I., at whose -court, we are farther told, he was, in conformity -with his own prediction, starved to death." I -have an old and ragged edition, entitled <i>The Life -and Prophecies of the celebrated Robert Nixon, the -Cheshire Prophet</i>. The "life" professes to be -prepared from materials collected in the neighbourhood -of Vale Royal, on a farm near which, -and rented by his father, Nixon was born—</p> - -<blockquote> - -<p>"on Whitsunday, and was christened by the name -of Robert in the year 1467, about the seventh year of -Edward IV."</p> - -</blockquote> - -<p>Among various matters it is mentioned,—</p> - -<blockquote> - -<p>"What rendered Nixon the most noticed was, that -the time when the battle of Bosworth Field was fought -between King Richard III. and King Henry VII., he -stopped his team on a sudden, and with his whip -pointing from one land to the other, cried 'Now Richard! -now Henry!' several times, till at last he said, -'Now Harry, get over that ditch and you gain the -day!'"</p> - -</blockquote> - -<p>This the plough-holder related; it afterwards -proved to be true, and in consequence Robert was -required to attend Henry VII.'s court, where he -was "starved to death," owing to having been -locked in a room and forgotten. The Bosworth -Field prophecy, which has often been repeated,<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_327"></a>{327}</span> -carries the time of Nixon's existence much -before the period named by <span class="sc">T. Hughes</span>, namely, -James I.'s reign.</p> - -<p class="author"><span class="sc">A Hermit at Hampstead.</span></p> - -<p><i>Parochial Libraries</i> (Vol. viii., p. 62.).—There -is an extensive, and rather valuable, library attached -to St. Mary's Church, Bridgenorth, presented -to and for the use of the parishioners, by -Dean Stackhouse in 1750. It comprises some eight -hundred volumes, chiefly divinity. There are two -or three fine MSS. in the collection, one especially -worthy of notice. A splendidly illuminated Latin -MS., dated about 1460, engrossed upon vellum, -and extending to three hundred leaves (C. 62. in -the Catalogue). I noticed many fragments of -early MSS. bound up with Hebrew and Latin -editions of the Bible; and a portion of a remarkably -fine missal, forming the dexter cover of a -copy of Laertius <i>de Vita Philosophica</i> (4to. 1524). -Surely a society may be formed, having for its -object the rescuing, transcribing, and printing of -those scarcely noticed fragments. <span class="sc">Mr. Hales'</span> -plan appears perfectly feasible. I am convinced -much interesting matter would be brought to light, -if a little interest was excited on the subject.</p> - -<p class="author"><span class="sc">R. C. Warde.</span></p> - -<p>Kidderminster.</p> - -<p>Over the porch of Nantwich Church is a small -room, once the repository of the ecclesiastical -records; but latterly (in consequence of the sacrilegious -abstraction of those documents by an unknown -hand) used for a library of theological -works, placed there for the special behoof of the -neighbouring clergy. The collection is but a -small one; and is, I fear, not often troubled by those -for whose use it was designed.</p> - -<p class="author"><span class="sc">T. Hughes.</span></p> - -<p>Chester.</p> - -<p><i>"Ampers and," &c.</i> (Vol. viii., p. 173.).—<span class="sc">Mr. -C. Mansfield Ingleby</span> having revived this Query -without apparently being aware of the previous -discussion and of <span class="sc">Mr. Nicholl's</span> solution, "and <i>per -se</i> and," may I be permitted to enter a protest -against the latter mixture of English and Latin, -though fully concurring in the statement of <span class="sc">Mr. -Nicholl</span>, that it is a rapidly formed <i>et</i> (&). To -the variety of pronunciations already appearing in -"N. & Q.," let me add what I believe will be -found to be the most general, <i>empesand</i>, which I -believe to be a corruption from <i>emm, ess, and</i> -(MS. and) by the introduction of a <i>labial</i>, as in -many other instances. But has any one ever seen -it <i>spelt</i> till the Query appeared in "N. & Q.," and -where?</p> - -<p class="author"><span class="sc">Frank Howard.</span></p> - -<p><i>The Arms of De Sissonne</i> (Vol. viii., p. 243.).—There -is a copy of <i>Histoire Généalogique et -Chronologique de la Maison Royale de France, par -le Père Anselme</i>, nine vols. folio, Paris, 1726-33, -in the library of Sir R. Taylor's Institution, Oxford. -The arms of the Seigneurs de Sissonne are -not <i>blazoned</i> in it. It is stated by Anselme, that</p> - -<blockquote> - -<p>"Louis, Bâtard de Sarrebruche-Roucy, fils naturel -de Jean de Sarrebruche, Comte de Roucy, fut Seigneur -de Sissonne, servit sous Jean d'Humières, et est nommé -dans plusieurs actes des années 1510, 1515, 1517, et -1518. Il fit un accord devant le prevôt de Paris avec -Robert de Sarrebruche, Comte de Roucy, le 28 Mars, -1498, touchant la terre et châtellenie de Sissonne."—Tome -viii. p. 537.</p> - -</blockquote> - -<p>The arms of the "Comte de Sarrebruche, Sire de -Commercy en Lorraine, Conseiller et Chambellan -du Roi, Bouteiller de France," &c., are represented—</p> - -<blockquote> - -<p>"D'azur semé de croix recroisetées au pied fiché -d'or, au lion d'argent couronné d'or sur le tout."</p> - -</blockquote> - -<p>The following are also extracts from the <i>Histoire -Généalogique</i>:</p> - -<blockquote> - -<p>"Louis de Roucy, Comte de Sissonne, élection de -Laon, portoit d'or au lion d'azur."...</p> - -<p>"Le Nobiliaire de Picardie, in 4º. p. 46., donne à Louis -de Roucy, Comte de Sissonne, deux neveux, Charles et -Louis de Roucy, Seigneurs d'Origny et de Ste Preuve."—Tome -viii. p. 538.</p> - -</blockquote> - -<p class="author"><span class="sc">J. Macray.</span></p> - -<p><i>St. Patrick's Purgatory</i> (Vol. vii., p. 552.).—Some -degree of doubt appearing to exist, by the -statement in p. 178. of the present volume, as to -the position of the <i>real</i> St. Patrick's Purgatory, I -send the following from Camden:</p> - -<blockquote> - -<p>"The <i>Liffey</i>," says he, "near unto his spring head, -enlarges his stream and spreads abroad into a <i>lake</i>, -wherein appears above the water an island, and in it, -hard by a little monastery, a very narrow vault within -the ground, much spoken of by reason of its religious -horrors. Which cave some say was dug by Ulysses -when he went down to parley with those in hell.</p> - -<p>"The inhabitants," he continues, "term it in these -days <i>Ellan n' Frugadory</i>, that is, <i>The Isle of Purgatory</i>, -or <i>St. Patrick's Purgatory</i>. For some persons devoutly -credulous affirm that St. Patrick, the Irishmen's -apostle, or else some abbot of the same name, obtained -by most earnest prayer at the hands of God, that the -punishments and torments which the wicked are to -suffer after this life, might <i>here</i> be presented to the -eye; that so he might the more easily root out the -sins and heathenish errors which stuck so fast to his -countrymen the <i>Irish</i>."</p> - -</blockquote> - -<p class="author">G. W.</p> - -<p>Stansted, Montfichet.</p> - -<p><i>Sir George Carr</i> (Vol. vii., pp. 512. 558.).—Since -<span class="sc">W. St.</span> and <span class="sc">Gulielmus</span> replied to my Query, -I have discovered more particular information -regarding him. In a MS. in Trinity College, -Dublin, I find the following:</p> - -<blockquote> - -<p>"Sir George Carr of Southerhall, Yorkshire, married, -on Jan. 15, 1637, Grissell, daughter of Sir Robert -Meredith, Chancellor of the Exchequer in Ireland; -their son, William Carr, born Jan. 11, 1639, married<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_328"></a>{328}</span> -on August 29, 1665, Elizabeth, daughter of Francis -(Edward) Synge, Bishop of Cork. There were two -children of this marriage: Edward, born Oct. 7, 1671 -(who died unmarried); and Barbara, born May 12, -1672; she married John Cliffe, Esq., of Mulrankin, co. -Wexford, and had several children, of whom the eldest, -John, was grandfather of the present Anthony Cliffe of -Bellevue, co. Wexford, Esq."</p> - -</blockquote> - -<p>Edward Synge was Bishop of Cork from Dec. -1663 to his death in 1678.</p> - -<p>Sir George Carr appears to be the son of William -Carr, the eldest son of James Carr of Yorkshire: -see Harl. MS. 1487, 451.</p> - -<p>Sir Robert Meredith, father of Lady Carr, married -Anne, daughter of Sir William Upton, Clerk -of the Council in Ireland.</p> - -<p>Could any of your correspondents give any account -of the family of either of them?</p> - -<p class="author">Y. S. M.</p> - -<p><i>Gravestone Inscription</i> (Vol. viii., p. 268.).—The -gravestone inscription communicated by -<span class="sc">Julia R. Bockett</span> consists of the last four lines of -the ballad of "Death and the Lady" (see Dixon's -<i>Ballads</i>, by the Percy Society). They should -be:</p> - -<div class="poem"> - <div class="stanza"> - <p>"The grave's the market-place where all men meet,</p> - <p>Both rich and poor, as well as small and great:</p> - <p>If life were merchandise that gold could buy,</p> - <p>The rich would live, the poor alone would die."</p> - </div> -</div> - -<p>In the introduction to Smith's edition of Holbein's -<i>Dance of Death</i>, the editor says:</p> - -<blockquote> - -<p>"The concluding lines have been converted into an -epitaph, <i>to be found in most of our village churchyards</i>."</p> - -</blockquote> - -<p>Of the truth of which assertion the churchyard -of Milton-next-Gravesend, in Kent, furnishes an -illustration, as I copied the lines from a stone -there some years ago. Being generally, I imagine, -quoted from memory, they do not appear to be -exactly similar in any two instances.</p> - -<p class="author"><span class="sc">S. Singleton.</span></p> - -<p>Greenwich.</p> - -<p>"<i>A Tub to the Whale</i>" (Vol. viii., pp. 220. 304.).—I -observe that a Querist, <span class="sc">Pimlico</span>, asks the origin -of the phrase to "throw a tub to the whale." I -think an explanation of this will be found in the -introduction to Swift's <i>Tale of the Tub</i>. I cannot -lay my hand on the passage, but it is to the effect -that sailors engaged in the Greenland fisheries -make it a practice to throw over-board a <i>tub</i> to a -wounded whale, to divert his attention from the -boat which contains his assailants.</p> - -<p class="author"><span class="sc">J. Emerson Tennent.</span></p> - -<p><i>Hour-glasses in Pulpits</i> (Vol. vii., p. 489.; -Vol. viii., pp. 82. 209.).—Whilst turning over the -pages of Macaulay's <i>History</i>, I accidentally stumbled -upon the following passage, which forms an -interesting addition to the Notes already collected -in your pages. Speaking of Gilbert -Burnet, Bishop of Salisbury, he says:</p> - -<blockquote> - -<p>"He was often interrupted by the deep hum of his -audience; and when, after preaching out the hour-glass, -which in those days was part of the furniture of the -pulpit, he held it in his hand, the congregation clamorously -encouraged him to go on till the sand had -run off once more."—Macaulay's <i>History</i>, vol. ii. -p. 177. edit. 8., with a reference in a foot-note to -Speaker Onslow's Note on <i>Burnet</i>, i. 596.; Johnson's -<i>Life of Sprat</i>.</p> - -</blockquote> - -<p>The hour-glass stand at St. Alban's, Wood -Street, appears to be a remarkable example: see -Sperling's <i>Church Walks in Middlesex</i>, p. 155., and -Allen's <i>Lambeth</i>. And in the report of the -meeting of the Archæological Association at Rochester, -in the <i>Illustrated London News</i> of the 6th -August, 1853, it is noted that in the church at -Cliff, "the pulpit has an hour-glass stand dated -1636:" the date gives an additional interest to this -example.</p> - -<p class="author"><span class="sc">W. Sparrow Simpson.</span></p> - -<p><i>Slow-worm Superstition</i> (Vol. viii., p. 33.).—The -slow-worm superstition, about which <span class="sc">Tower</span> -inquires, and to whom I believe no answer has -been returned, is quite common in the North of -England. One of the many uses of "N. & Q." is -the abundant proof that supposed localisms are in -fact common to all England. I learn from the -same Number, p. 44., that in Devonshire a slater -is called a <i>hellier</i>. <i>To hill</i>, that is to cover, "hill -me up," <i>i. e.</i> cover me up, is as common in Lancashire -as in Wicliff's Bible. We have not, however, -<i>hellier</i> or <i>hillier</i> for one whose business it is -to cover in a house.</p> - -<p class="author">P. P.</p> - -<p><i>Sincere</i> (Vol. viii., p. 195.).—I should be glad -if <span class="sc">Mr. Ingleby</span> would point out any authority for -the practice of the Roman potters to which he -refers. The only passage I can call to mind as -countenancing his derivation is Hor. <i>Ep.</i> i. 2. 54.:</p> - -<blockquote> - -<p>"Sincerum est nisi vas, quodcumque infundis, acescit."</p> - -</blockquote> - -<p>in which there is no reason why <i>sincerum</i> should -not be simply <i>sine cera</i>, <i>sine fuco</i>, i. e. pure as -honey, free or freed from the wax, thence anything -pure. This derivation is supported also by -Donatus, ad Ter. <i>Eun.</i> i. 2. 97., and Noltenius, <i>Lex. -Antibar</i>. Cicero also, who chose his expressions -with great accuracy, employs <i>sincerus</i> as directly -opposed to <i>fucatus</i> in his <i>Dialogus de Amicit.</i> 25.:</p> - -<blockquote> - -<p>"Secernere omnis fucata et simulata a sinceris atque -veris."</p> - -</blockquote> - -<p>In the absence of positive proof on the -side, I am inclined to think <span class="sc">Mr. Trench</span> right.</p> - -<p class="author">H. B.</p> - -<p><i>Books chained to Desks in Churches—Seven -Candlesticks</i> (Vol. viii., pp. 94. 206.).—In Mr. -Sperling's <i>Church Walks in Middlesex</i>, it is noted<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_329"></a>{329}</span> -in the account of the church at Whitchurch (<i>alias</i> -Little Stanmore), that—</p> - -<blockquote> - -<p>"Many of the prayer books, given by the duke [of -Chandos], still remain chained to the pues for the use -of the poorer parishioners."—P. 104.</p> - -</blockquote> - -<p>At p. 138. a curious ornament of some of the -London churches is referred to:</p> - -<blockquote> - -<p>"We find several altar-pieces in which seven wooden -candlesticks, with wooden candles, are introduced, viz. -St. Mary-at-Hill; St. Ethelburgs, Bishopsgate; Hammersmith, -&c.: these are merely typical of the seven -golden candlesticks of the Apocalypse."—Rev. i. 20.</p> - -</blockquote> - -<p>This portion of ecclesiastical furniture appears -to me sufficiently unusual to be worth noting in -your pages: is it to be found elsewhere than in -churches in and near London? If not, a list of -these churches in which it is now to be seen would -be acceptable to ecclesiologists.</p> - -<p class="author"><span class="sc">W. Sparrow Simpson.</span></p> - -<p>Oxford.</p> - -<p><i>D. Ferrand; French Patois</i> (Vol. viii., p. 243.).—The -full title of Ferrand's work, referred to by -your correspondent <span class="sc">Mr. B. Snow</span> of Birmingham, -is as follows:</p> - -<blockquote> - -<p>"Inventaire Général de la Muse Normande, divisée -en <span class="allsmcap">XXVIII</span> parties où sont descrites plusieurs batailles, -assauts, prises de villes, guerres etrangères, victoires -de la France, histoires comiques, Esmotions populaires, -grabuges et choses remarquables arrivées à -Rouen depuis quarante années, in 8o. et se vendent -à Rouen, chez l'arthevr, rue du Bac, à l'Enseigne de -l'imprimerie, <span class="allsmcap">M.DC.LV.</span>, pages 484."</p> - -</blockquote> - -<p>There is also another publication by Ferrand -with the title of—</p> - -<blockquote> - -<p>"Les Adieux de la Muse Normande aux Palinots, -et quelques autres pièces, pages 28."</p> - -</blockquote> - -<p>The author was a printer at Rouen, and the -patois in which his productions are written is the -Norman. The <i>Biographie Universelle</i> says they -are the best known of all that are composed in -that dialect.</p> - -<p class="author"><span class="sc">J. Macray.</span></p> - -<p><i>Wood of the Cross</i> (Vol. vii., pp. 177. 334. 437. -488.).—Is it an old belief that the cross was composed -of four different kinds of wood? Boys, in a -note on Ephesians iii. 18. (<i>Works</i>, p. 495.), says, -"Other have discoursed of the foure woods, and -dimensions in the materiall crosse of Christ, more -subtilly than soundly," and refers in the margin to -Anselm and Aquinas, but without giving the reference -to the exact passages. Can any of your -readers supply this deficiency?</p> - -<p class="author"><span class="sc">R. J. Allen.</span></p> - -<p><i>Ladies' Arms in a Lozenge</i> (Vol. viii., pp. 37. 83.).—<span class="sc">Broctuna</span> -has a theory that ladies bear their arms -in a lozenge, because hatchments are of that shape; -and it is probably that widows in old time "would -vie with each other in these displays of the insignia -of mourning." It has, however, escaped his -memory, that maids with living fathers also use -the lozenge, and that in a man's hatchment it is -the <i>frame</i> only, and not the shield at all, which -has the lozenge shape. The man's arms in the -hatchment not being on a lozenge, it is scarcely -possible his widow could thence have adopted it. -He suggests that the shape was adopted for hatchments -as being the most convenient for admitting the -arms of the sixteen ancestors.</p> - -<p>I wish to insert a Query, as to whether the sixteen -quarters <i>ever were</i> made use of this way in -English heraldry? Perhaps your readers will be -willing to allow that the lozenge is surely a fitting -emblem for the <i>sweeter</i> sex; but is not the routine -reason the true one after all? The lozenge has a -supposed resemblance to the distaff, the emblem of -the woman. We have spinster from the same idea; -and, though I cannot now turn to the passage, I -am sure I have seen the Salic law described as -forbidding "the holder of the distaff to grasp the -sceptre."</p> - -<p class="author">P. P.</p> - -<p><i>Burial in unconsecrated Ground</i> (Vol. vi., p. 448.; -Vol. viii., p. 43.).—The late elegant and accomplished -Sir W. Temple, though he laid not his -whole body in his garden, deposited the better -part of it (his heart) there; "and if my executors -will gratify me in what I have desired, I wish my -corpse may be interred as I have bespoke them; -not at all out of singularity, or for want of a dormitory -(of which there is an ample one annexed -to the parish church), but for other reasons not -necessary here to trouble the reader with, what I -have said in general being sufficient. However, -let them order as they think fit, so it be not <i>in the -church or chancel</i>." (Evelyn's <i>Sylva</i>, book iv.)</p> - -<blockquote> - -<p>"In the north aisle of the chancel [of Wotton -Church] is the burying-place of the Evelyns (within -which is lately made, under a decent arched chapel, a -vault). In the chancel on the north side is a tomb, -about three feet high, of freestone, shaped like a coffin; -on the top, on white marble, is this inscription:</p> - -<p class="center">'Here lies the Body<br /> -of <span class="sc">John Evelyn</span>, Esq.'"<a name="footnotetag8" href="#footnote8"><sup>[8]</sup></a></p> - -</blockquote> - -<p>This inscription commemorates the author of -<i>Sylva</i>, and evinces how unobsequiously obsequies -are sometimes solemnised.</p> - -<p>Evelyn mentions Sumner <i>On Garden Burial</i>, -probably "not circulated."</p> - -<p class="author"><span class="sc">Bibliothecar. Chetham.</span></p> - -<div class="note"> - -<p><a name="footnote8"></a><b>Footnote 8:</b><a href="#footnotetag8">(return)</a></p> - -<p>Aubrey's <i>Natural History and Antiquities of Surrey</i>, -vol. iv.</p> - -</div> - -<p><i>Table-turning</i> (Vol. viii., p. 57.).—Without -going the length of asserting, with La Bruyère, -that "tout est dit," or believing, with Dutens, that -there is no modern discovery that was not known, -in some shape or other, to the ancients, it seems<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_330"></a>{330}</span> -not unreasonable to suppose that table-turning, -the principle of which lies so near the surface of -social life, was practised in former ages.</p> - -<p>This reminds one of the expression, so familiar -among controversialists, of "turning the tables" -upon an adversary. What is the origin of the -latter phrase? It is time some explanation of it -were offered, if only to caution the etymologists -of a future age against confounding it with our -"table-turning."</p> - -<p class="author"><span class="sc">Henry H. Breen.</span></p> - -<p>St. Lucia.</p> - -<p><i>"Well's a fret"</i> (Vol. viii., p. 197.).—I beg -leave to suggest to <span class="sc">Devoniensis</span> the following as -a probable explanation of the use of this phrase; -the rhyme that follows being superadded, for the -sake of the jingle and the truism, in the best style -of rustic humour.</p> - -<p>Well! is often used in conversation as an expletive, -even by educated people, a slight pause -ensuing after the ejaculation, as if to collect the -thoughts before the reply is given. Is it not -therefore called a <i>fret</i>, or stop, in the Devon -vernacular, figuratively, like the fret or stop in -a musical instrument, the cross bars or protuberance -in a stringed, and a peg in a wind instrument?</p> - -<p>Hamlet says, in taunting Rosencrantz for his -treasonable attempts to worm himself into his confidence,—</p> - -<blockquote> - -<p>"Call me what instrument you will; though you -can <i>fret</i> me, you cannot play upon me."</p> - -</blockquote> - -<p>Taken in this other sense in which we use the -word <i>fret</i>, is it not probable that it has passed into -a proverb; and that the lines, as given by <span class="sc">Devoniensis</span>, -are a corruption of</p> - -<div class="poem"> - <div class="stanza"> - <p class="i8">"Well! don't fret;</p> - <p>He who dies for love will never be hang'd for debt."</p> - </div> -</div> - -<p>—the invention of some Damon to comfort Strephon -in his loneliness.</p> - -<p class="author">M. (2)</p> - -<p><i>Tenet for Tenent</i> (Vol. viii., p. 258.).—The note -of your correspondent <span class="sc">Balliolensis</span> does not -address itself to the Query put by Y. B. N. J. in -Vol. vii., p. 205., When did the use of <i>tenent</i> -give way to <i>tenet</i>?</p> - -<p>You will find that Burton, in the <i>Anatomy of -Melancholy</i>, which was published in 1621, uses -uniformly <i>tenent</i> (vide vol. i. pp. 1. 317. 408. 430. -446. &c.)</p> - -<p>But Sir Thomas Browne in 1646, twenty-four -years later, printed the first edition of his <i>Vulgar -Errors</i> under the title of <i>Pseudodoxia epidemica, -or Enquiries into very many received Tenets and -commonly presumed Truths</i>.</p> - -<p>I cannot find that Burton in any passage respects -the grammatical distinction suggested by both -your correspondents, that <i>tenet</i> should denote the -opinion of an individual, and <i>tenent</i> those of a sect. -He applies the latter indifferently, both as regards -the plural and singular. Thus, "Aponensis thinks -it proceeds," but "Laurentius condemns <i>his -tenent</i>" (part i. sect. iii. mem. 3.). And again, -"they are furious, impatient in discourse, stiff -and irrefragable in <i>their tenents</i>" (ib. p. i. s. iv. -mem. 1. sub. 3.).</p> - -<p class="author"><span class="sc">J. Emerson Tennent.</span></p> - -<hr class="full" /> - -<h2>Miscellaneous.</h2> - -<h3>BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES -WANTED TO PURCHASE.</h3> - -<p><span class="sc">Nicephorus Catena on the Pentateuch.</span></p> - -<p><span class="sc">Procopius Gazæus.</span></p> - -<p><span class="sc">Watt's Bibliographia Britannica.</span> Parts V. and VI.</p> - -<p><span class="sc">Maxwell's Digest of the Law of Intestates.</span></p> - -<p><span class="sc">Carlyle's Chartism.</span> Crown 8vo. 2nd Edition.</p> - -<p><span class="sc">The Builder</span>, No. 520.</p> - -<p><span class="sc">Oswalli Crollii Opera.</span> 12mo. Geneva, 1635.</p> - -<p><span class="sc">Gaffarell's Unheard-of Curiosities.</span> Translated by Chelmead. -London. 12mo. 1650.</p> - -<p><span class="sc">Beaumont's Psyche.</span> 2nd Edit. folio. Camb., 1702.</p> - -<p><span class="sc">The Monthly Army List</span> from 1797 to 1800 inclusive. Published -by Hookham and Carpenter, Bond Street. Square 12mo.</p> - -<p><span class="sc">Jer. Collier's Ecclesiastical History of England.</span> Folio -Edition. Vol. II.</p> - -<p><span class="sc">London Labour and the London Poor.</span></p> - -<p><span class="sc">Proceedings of the London Geological Society.</span></p> - -<p><span class="sc">Prescott's History of the Conquest of Mexico.</span> 3 Vols. -London. Vol. III.</p> - -<p><span class="sc">Mrs. Ellis's Social Distinctions.</span> Tallis's Edition. Vols. II. -and III. 8vo.</p> - -<h3>PAMPHLETS.</h3> - -<p><span class="sc">Junius Discovered.</span> By P. T. Published about 1789.</p> - -<p><span class="sc">Reasons for rejecting the Evidence of Mr. Almon</span>, &c. 1807.</p> - -<p><span class="sc">Another Guess at Junius.</span> Hookham. 1809.</p> - -<p><span class="sc">The Author of Junius Discovered.</span> Longmans. 1821.</p> - -<p><span class="sc">The Claims of Sir P. Francis refuted.</span> Longmans. 1822.</p> - -<p><span class="sc">Who was Junius?</span> Glynn. 1837.</p> - -<p><span class="sc">Some New Facts</span>, &c., by Sir F. Dwarris. 1850.</p> - -<p>⁂ <i>Correspondents sending Lists of Books Wanted are requested -to send their names and addresses.</i></p> - -<p>⁂ Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, <i>carriage free</i>, -to be sent to <span class="sc">Mr. Bell</span>, Publisher of "NOTES AND -QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street.</p> - -<hr class="full" /> - -<h3>Notices to Correspondents.</h3> - -<p><span class="sc">Our Shakspeare Correspondence.</span>—<i>We have been assured -that our observations under this head have been understood by -some readers as being directed especially against the gentleman -whose contribution called forth the letter from</i> <span class="sc">Icon</span>, <i>on which we -were commenting. Although we are satisfied that there is nothing -in them to warrant such a supposition, we can have no objection -to assure</i> A. E. B., <i>and his friends, that they were intended to be -of general, and not of individual, application. We may add, to -prevent any misconception on this point, that that gentleman was -not the writer of the unfounded argument against the genuineness -of the</i> Notes and Emendations <i>referred to in the same remarks.</i></p> - -<p><i>The communications sent to us for</i> H. C. K. <i>and the</i> <span class="sc">Rev. W. -Sisson</span> <i>have been forwarded; as have also the</i> Letters from The -Times <i>to</i> <span class="sc">Aran</span> <i>from two Correspondents.</i></p> - -<p>S. C. P. <i>will find Landsborough's</i> Popular History of British -Seaweeds, <i>published by Reeve and Co., price 10s. 6d., a small but -comprehensive work.</i></p> - -<p>J. S. (Islington). <i>Any letter sent to us shall be forwarded to</i> -<span class="sc">Cuthbert Bede</span>.</p> - -<p><span class="sc">Brian O'Linn</span> <i>will find his Query as to</i> Cold Harbour <i>discussed -in our</i> 1st <i>and</i> 2nd Vols.</p> - -<p><span class="sc">Henley.</span> <i>Nothing preserves the Collodion pictures so well as -the</i> amber varnish <i>originally recommended in</i> "N. & Q.", (<i>see</i> -No. 188.), <i>and which may now be had at most of the Photographic -Chemists.</i></p> - -<p><i>Answers to other Correspondents next week.</i></p> - -<p>"<span class="sc">Notes and Queries</span>" <i>is published at noon on Friday, so that -the Country Booksellers may receive Copies in that night's parcels, -and deliver them to their Subscribers on the Saturday.</i></p> - -<hr class="full" /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_331"></a>{331}</span></p> - -<h3>INDIGESTION, CONSTIPATION,<br /> -NERVOUSNESS, &c.—BARRY,<br /> -DU BARRY & CO.'S HEALTH-RESTORING<br /> -FOOD for INVALIDS and INFANTS.</h3> - -<hr /> - -<p class="cenhead">THE REVALENTA ARABICA FOOD,</p> - -<p>the only natural, pleasant, and effectual remedy -(without medicine, purging, inconvenience, -or expense, as it saves fifty times its cost -in other remedies) for nervous, stomachic, intestinal, -liver and bilious complaints, however -deeply rooted, dyspepsia (indigestion), habitual -constipation, diarrhœa, acidity, heartburn, flatulency, -oppression, distension, palpitation, -eruption of the skin, rheumatism, gout, dropsy, -sickness at the stomach during pregnancy, at -sea, and under all other circumstances, debility -in the aged as well as infants, fits, spasms, -cramps, paralysis, &c.</p> - -<p class="cenhead"><i>A few out of 50,000 Cures</i>:—</p> - -<p>Cure, No. 71, of dyspepsia; from the Right -Hon. the Lord Stuart de Decies:—"I have derived -considerable benefits from your Revalenta -Arabica Food, and consider it due to yourselves -and the public to authorise the publication of -these lines.—<span class="sc">Stuart de Decies.</span>"</p> - -<p>Cure, No. 49,832:—"Fifty years' indescribable -agony from dyspepsia, nervousness, asthma, -cough, constipation, flatulency, spasms, sickness -at the stomach and vomitings have been -removed by Du Barry's excellent food.—<span class="sc">Maria -Jolly</span>, Wortham Ling, near Diss, Norfolk."</p> - -<p>Cure, No. 180:—"Twenty-five years' nervousness, -constipation, indigestion, and debility, -from which I had suffered great misery and -which no medicine could remove or relieve, -have been effectually cured by Du Barry's food -in a very short time.—<span class="sc">W. R. Reeves</span>, Pool -Anthony, Tiverton."</p> - -<p>Cure, No. 4,208:—"Eight years' dyspepsia, -nervousness, debility, with cramps, spasms, and -nausea, for which my servant had consulted -the advice of many, have been effectually removed -by Du Barry's delicious food in a very -short time. I shall be happy to answer any inquiries.—<span class="sc">Rev. -John W. Flavell</span>, Ridlington -Rectory, Norfolk."</p> - -<blockquote> - -<p class="center"><i>Dr. Wurzer's Testimonial.</i></p> - -<p class="right">"Bonn, July 19, 1852.</p> - -<p>"This light and pleasant Farina is one of the -most excellent, nourishing, and restorative -remedies, and supersedes, in many cases, all -kinds of medicines. It is particularly useful -in confined habit of body, as also diarrhœa, -bowel complaints, affections of the kidneys and -bladder, such as stone or gravel; inflammatory -irritation and cramp of the urethra, cramp of -the kidneys and bladder, strictures, and hemorrhoids. -This really invaluable remedy is employed -with the most satisfactory result, not -only in bronchial and pulmonary complaints, -where irritation and pain are to be removed, -but also in pulmonary and bronchial consumption, -in which it counteracts effectually the -troublesome cough; and I am enabled with -perfect truth to express the conviction that Du -Barry's Revalenta Arabica is adapted to the -cure of incipient hectic complaints and consumption.</p> - -<p class="center">"<span class="sc">Dr. Rud Wurzer.</span><br /> -"Counsel of Medicine, and practical M.D. in Bonn."</p> - -</blockquote> - -<p>London Agents:—Fortnum, Mason & Co., -182. Piccadilly, purveyors to Her Majesty the -Queen; Hedges & Butler, 155. Regent Street; -and through all respectable grocers, chemists, -and medicine venders. In canisters, suitably -packed for all climates, and with full instructions, -1lb. 2<i>s.</i> 9<i>d.</i>; 2lb. 4<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>; 5lb. 11<i>s.</i>; 12lb. -22<i>s.</i>; super-refined, 5lb. 22<i>s.</i>; 10lb. 33<i>s.</i> The -10lb. and 12lb. carriage free, on receipt of Post-office -order.—Barry, Du Barry & Co., 77. Regent -Street, London.</p> - -<p><span class="sc">Important Caution.</span>—Many invalids having -been seriously injured by spurious imitations -under closely similar names, such as Ervalenta, -Arabaca, and others, the public will do well to -see that each canister bears the name <span class="sc">Barry, -Du Barry & Co.</span>, 77. Regent Street, London, -in full, <i>without which none is genuine</i>.</p> - -<hr class="full" /> - -<p>PHOTOGRAPHIC PICTURES.—A -Selection of the above -beautiful Productions (comprising Views in -VENICE, PARIS, RUSSIA, NUBIA, &c.) -may be seen at BLAND & LONG'S, 153. Fleet -Street, where may also be procured Apparatus -of every Description, and pure Chemicals -for the practice of Photography in all its -Branches.</p> - -<p>Calotype, Daguerreotype, and Glass Pictures -for the Stereoscope.</p> - -<p class="cenhead">⁂ Catalogues may be had on application.</p> - -<p class="cenhead">BLAND & LONG, Opticians, Philosophical -and Photographical Instrument Makers, and -Operative Chemists, 153. Fleet Street.</p> - -<hr class="full" /> - -<p>PHOTOGRAPHY.—HORNE -& CO.'S Iodized Collodion, for obtaining -Instantaneous Views and Portraits in from -three to thirty seconds, according to light.</p> - -<p>Portraits obtained by the above, for delicacy -of detail rival the choicest Daguerreotypes, -specimens of which may be seen at their Establishment.</p> - -<p>Also every description of Apparatus, Chemicals, -&c. &c. used in this beautiful Art.—123. -and 121. Newgate Street.</p> - -<hr class="full" /> - -<p>PHOTOGRAPHIC PAPER.—Negative -and Positive Papers of Whatman's, -Turner's, Sanford's, and Canson -Frères' make. Waxed-Paper for Le Gray's -Process. Iodized and Sensitive Paper for every -kind of Photography.</p> - -<p>Sold by JOHN SANFORD, Photographic -Stationer, Aldine Chambers, 13. Paternoster -Row, London.</p> - -<hr class="full" /> - -<p>IMPROVEMENT IN COLLODION.—J. B. -HOCKIN & CO., Chemists, -289. Strand, have, by an improved mode of -Iodizing, succeeded in producing a Collodion -equal, they may say superior, in sensitiveness -and density of Negative, to any other hitherto -published; without diminishing the keeping -properties and appreciation of half tint for -which their manufacture has been esteemed.</p> - -<p>Apparatus, pure Chemicals, and all the requirements -for the practice of Photography. -Instruction in the Art.</p> - -<hr class="full" /> - -<p>PHOTOGRAPHIC CAMERAS.—OTTEWILL'S -REGISTERED -DOUBLE-BODIED FOLDING CAMERA, -is superior to every other form of -Camera, for the Photographic Tourist, from its -capability of Elongation or Contraction to any -Focal Adjustment, its extreme Portability, and -its adaptation for taking either Views or Portraits.</p> - -<p>Every Description of Camera, or Slides, Tripod -Stands, Printing Frames, &c., may be obtained -at his MANUFACTORY, Charlotte -Terrace, Barnsbury Road, Islington.</p> - -<p>New Inventions, Models, &c., made to order -or from Drawings.</p> - -<hr class="full" /> - -<p class="cenhead">PHOTOGRAPHIC APPARATUS, -MATERIALS, and PURE CHEMICAL -PREPARATIONS.</p> - -<p>KNIGHT & SONS' Illustrated Catalogue, -containing Description and Price of the best -forms of Cameras and other Apparatus. Voightlander -and Son's Lenses for Portraits and -Views, together with the various Materials, -and pure Chemical Preparations required in -practising the Photographic Art. Forwarded -free on receipt of Six Postage Stamps.</p> - -<p>Instructions given in every branch of the Art.</p> - -<p>An extensive Collection of Stereoscopic and -other Photographic Specimens.</p> - -<p class="cenhead">GEORGE KNIGHT & SONS, Foster Lane, -London.</p> - -<hr class="full" /> - -<h3>WESTERN LIFE ASSURANCE AND ANNUITY SOCIETY,</h3> - -<p class="cenhead">3. PARLIAMENT STREET, LONDON.</p> - -<p class="cenhead">Founded A.D. 1842.</p> - -<hr /> - -<p class="cenhead"><i>Directors.</i></p> - -<table class="nobctr" summary="directors" title="directors"> - <tr> - <td class="rightbsing" style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> - <p>H. E. Bicknell, Esq.<br /> - T. S. Cocks, Jun. Esq., M.P.<br /> - G. H. Drew, Esq.<br /> - W. Evans, Esq.<br /> - W. Freeman, Esq.<br /> - F. Fuller, Esq.<br /> - J. H. Goodhart, Esq.</p> - </td> - <td class="hspcsingle" style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> - <p>T. Grissell, Esq.<br /> - J. Hunt, Esq.<br /> - J. A. Lethbridge, Esq.<br /> - E. Lucas, Esq.<br /> - J. Lys Seager, Esq.<br /> - J. B. White, Esq.<br /> - J. Carter Wood, Esq.</p> - </td> - </tr> -</table> - -<p class="cenhead"><i>Trustees.</i>—W. Whateley, Esq., Q.C.; George Drew, Esq.; -T. Grissell, Esq.<br /> -<i>Physician.</i>—William Rich. Basham, M.D.<br /> -<i>Bankers.</i>—Messrs. 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With a Mathematical Appendix on Compound -Interest and Life Assurance. By ARTHUR -SCRATCHLEY, M.A., Actuary to -the Western Life Assurance Society, 3. Parliament -Street, London.</p> - -<hr class="full" /> - -<p class="cenhead">BANK OF DEPOSIT.</p> - -<p class="cenhead">7. St. Martin's Place, Trafalgar Square, -London.</p> - -<p>PARTIES desirous of INVESTING -MONEY are requested to examine -the Plan of this Institution, by which a high -rate of Interest may be obtained with perfect -Security.</p> - -<p>Interest payable in January and July.</p> - -<p class="cenhead">PETER MORRISON,<br /> -Managing Director.</p> - -<p class="cenhead">Prospectuses free on application.</p> - -<hr class="full" /> - -<p>DAGUERREOTYPE MATERIALS.—Plates. -Cases. Passepartoutes. -Best and Cheapest. To be had in great variety -at</p> - -<p class="cenhead">M'MILLAN'S Wholesale Depot, 132. 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CHEAPSIDE.</p> - -<hr class="full" /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_332"></a>{332}</span></p> - -<p class="cenhead"><span class="sc">Bohn's Standard Library for October.</span></p> - -<p>SMITH'S (ADAM) THEORY -OF MORAL SENTIMENTS; with his -ESSAY ON THE FIRST FORMATION OF -LANGUAGES; to which is added a Biographical -and Critical Memoir of the Author by -DUGALD STEWART. Post 8vo. cloth. -3<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> - -<p class="cenhead">HENRY G. BOHN, 4, 5, & 6. York Street, -Covent Garden.</p> - -<hr class="full" /> - -<p class="cenhead"><span class="sc">Bohn's Classical Library for October.</span></p> - -<p>CICERO ON THE NATURE -OF THE GODS. DIVINATION, -FATE, LAWS, REPUBLIC, ETC., translated -by C. D. YONGE, B.A. and FRANCIS -BARHAM, ESQ. Post 8vo. cloth. 5<i>s.</i></p> - -<p>ÆSCHYLUS, APPENDIX TO -THE PROSE TRANSLATION, containing -the new readings given in Hermann's -posthumous edition of Æschylus, translated -and edited by GEORGE BURGES, M.A. -Post 8vo. cloth. 3<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> - -<p class="cenhead">HENRY G. BOHN, 4, 5, & 6. York Street, -Covent Garden.</p> - -<hr class="full" /> - -<p class="cenhead"><span class="sc">Bohn's Scientific Library for October.</span></p> - -<p>COMTE'S PHILOSOPHY OF -THE SCIENCES, edited from the -"Cours de Philosophie Positive," by G. H. -LEWES, ESQ. Post 8vo., cloth. 5<i>s.</i></p> - -<p class="cenhead">HENRY G. BOHN, 4, 5, & 6. York Street, -Covent Garden.</p> - -<hr class="full" /> - -<p class="cenhead"><span class="sc">Bohn's Antiquarian Library for October.</span></p> - -<p>ORDERICUS VITALIS; his -Ecclesiastical History of England and -Normandy, translated with Notes and the Introduction -of Guizot, by T. FORESTER, M.A. -Vol. I. Post 8vo., cloth. 5<i>s.</i></p> - -<p class="cenhead">HENRY G. BOHN, 4, 5, & 6. York Street, -Covent Garden.</p> - -<hr class="full" /> - -<p>MUSIC, ITS HISTORY AND -THEORY; Rare Old English and -Foreign National Songs.—Just published, -Gratis, a Catalogue of B. QUARITCH'S -Choice Collection of Books in this Literature, -comprising the Works of Afzelius, Bonanni, -Burney, Fink, Forkel, Gerbert, Hawkins, Martini, -Morley, Melbomii Mus. Ant. Script., Purcell, -Ritson, &c.</p> - -<p class="cenhead">BERNARD QUARITCH, Bookseller, -16. Castle Street, Leicester Square, London.</p> - -<p>⁂ B. Q.'s Monthly Catalogues are sent -Post Free for a year on prepayment of Twelve -Postage Stamps.</p> - -<hr class="full" /> - -<p>HERALDRY, GENEALOGY -ANTIQUITIES PALÆOGRAPHY, -ETC.—Just published, Gratis, a Catalogue of -B. QUARITCH'S magnificent Collection of -Works in the above classes, including those of -Corbinelli, D'Hozier, Kopp, Mabillon, Wailly, -&c; further rare Armorials, curious Chronicles, -and an extensive assemblage of Books on -Normandy.</p> - -<p class="cenhead">BERNARD QUARITCH, Bookseller, -16. Castle Street, Leicester Square, London.</p> - -<p>⁂ B. QUARITCH'S Monthly Catalogues -are sent Post Free for a year on prepayment of -Twelve Postage Stamps.</p> - -<hr class="full" /> - -<p class="cenhead">This Day, complete in One Volume, 7<i>s.</i></p> - -<p>CAUTIONS FOR THE TIMES, -addressed to the Parishioners of a Parish -in England, by their former Rector. Edited -by the ARCHBISHOP OF DUBLIN.</p> - -<p class="cenhead">London: JOHN W. PARKER & SON -West Strand.</p> - -<hr class="full" /> - -<p class="cenhead">ALISON'S HISTORY OF EUROPE.</p> - -<p>VOLUME SECOND of the -PEOPLE'S EDITION, price 4<i>s.</i> is now -published, and may be had of all Booksellers -and Newsvenders.</p> - -<p class="cenhead">WILLIAM BLACKWOOD & SONS, Edinburgh -and London.</p> - -<hr class="full" /> - -<p class="cenhead">In Monthly Parts, at One Shilling,</p> - -<p>THE DIARY of a LATE PHYSICIAN. -By SAMUEL WARREN, -F.R.S.</p> - -<p>Parts I. and II. are published, forming the -Commencement of a New and Cheaper Edition -of MR. 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No. XIV.—Stonehenge (with -Engravings).</p> - -<p>The Tour of James Augustus St. John in -Search of Beauty.</p> - -<p>Cotele; and the Edgcumbes of the Olden -Time, by Mrs. Bray (with an Engraving).</p> - -<p>Sir John Bankes's Correspondence—The -Story of Corfe Castle.</p> - -<p>The Original Ancient Mariner.</p> - -<p>Malchus the Captive Monk.</p> - -</blockquote> - -<p>With Correspondence, Notes of the Month, -Historical and Miscellaneous Reviews, Historical -Chronicle, and <span class="sc">Obituary</span>: with Memoirs -of Major-Gen. Lord Saltoun; Adm. -Sir George Cockburn, G.C.B., Lieut.-Gen. -Sir C. J. Napier, G.C.B.; Lieut.-Gen. Sir Neil -Douglas, K.C.B.; Lady Sale; G. W. W. Pendarves, -Esq.; George Lyall, Esq.; Rev. F. W. -Robertson; Hugh Edwin Strickland, Esq.; -&c. Price 2<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> - -<p class="cenhead">NICHOLS & SONS, 25. Parliament Street.</p> - -<hr class="full" /> - -<p class="cenhead">NEW PLAN OF PUBLISHING.</p> - -<p>ROBERT HARDWICK, -Printer and Publisher, 38. Carey Street, -Lincoln's Inn, begs to inform Authors and -Possessors of MSS. that he has brought into -successful Operation a Plan of Publishing -which secures an extended Publicity, and considerable -Pecuniary Advantage to the Author, -without his sustaining any risk or loss of interest -in his Copyright. Post Free on receipt -of Six Stamps.</p> - -<hr class="full" /> - -<p class="cenhead">IMPORTANT TO STUDENTS.</p> - -<p class="cenhead">Published this Day, price 4<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> - -<p>THE ART OF REASONING: -a Popular Exposition of the Principles of -Logic, Inductive and Deductive. With an Introduction -on the History of Logic, and an -Appendix on recent Logical Developments.</p> - -<p class="cenhead">London: WALTON & MABERLY.</p> - -<hr class="full" /> - -<p>PHOTOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION.—An -EXHIBITION of PICTURES, -by the most celebrated French, -Italian, and English Photographers, embracing -Views of the principal Countries and Cities -of Europe, is now OPEN. Admission 6<i>d.</i> A -Portrait taken by MR. TALBOT'S Patent -Process, One Guinea; Three extra Copies for -10<i>s.</i></p> - -<p class="cenhead">PHOTOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION, -168. NEW BOND STREET.</p> - -<hr class="full" /> - -<p class="cenhead">Price 2<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>; by Post 3<i>s.</i></p> - -<p>ILLUSTRATIONS AND ENQUIRIES -RELATING TO MESMERISM. -Part I. By the Rev. S. R. MAITLAND, -D.D. F.R.S. F.S.A. Sometime Librarian to -the late Archbishop of Canterbury, and Keeper -of the MSS. at Lambeth.</p> - -<p>"One of the most valuable and interesting -pamphlets we ever read."—<i>Morning Herald.</i></p> - -<p>"This publication, which promises to be the -commencement of a larger work, will well -repay serious perusal."—<i>Ir. Eccl. Journ.</i></p> - -<p>"A small pamphlet in which he throws -startling light on the practices of modern -Mesmerism."—<i>Nottingham Journal.</i></p> - -<p>"Dr. Maitland, we consider, has here brought -Mesmerism to the 'touchstone of truth,' to the -test of the standard of right or wrong. We -thank him for this first instalment of his inquiry, -and hope that he will not long delay -the remaining portions."—<i>London Medical -Gazette.</i></p> - -<p>"The Enquiries are extremely curious, we -should indeed say important. That relating -to the Witch of Endor is one of the most successful -we ever read. We cannot enter into -particulars in this brief notice, but we would -strongly recommend the pamphlet even to -those who care nothing about Mesmerism, or -<i>angry</i> (for it has come to this at last) with the -subject."—<i>Dublin Evening Post.</i></p> - -<p>"We recommend its general perusal as being -really an endeavour, by one whose position -gives him the best facilities, to ascertain the -genuine character of Mesmerism, which is so -much disputed."—<i>Woolmer's Exeter Gazette.</i></p> - -<p>"Dr. Maitland has bestowed a vast deal of -attention on the subject for many years past, -and the present pamphlet is in part the result -of his thoughts and inquiries. There is a good -deal in it which we should have been glad to -quote ... but we content ourselves with referring -our readers to the pamphlet itself."—<i>Brit. -Mag.</i></p> - -<p class="cenhead">PIPER, BROTHERS, & CO., -23. 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HART, RECORD -AGENT and LEGAL ANTIQUARIAN -(who is in the possession of Indices to -many of the early Public Records whereby his -Inquiries are greatly facilitated) begs to inform -Authors and Gentlemen engaged in Antiquarian -or Literary Pursuits, that he is prepared -to undertake searches among the Public Records, -MSS. in the British Museum, Ancient -Wills, or other Depositories of a similar Nature, -in any Branch of Literature, History, -Topography, Genealogy or the like, and in -which he has had considerable experience.</p> - -<p class="cenhead">1. ALBERT TERRACE, NEW CROSS. -HATCHAM, SURREY.</p> - -<hr class="full" /> - -<p>HEAL & SON'S ILLUSTRATED -CATALOGUE OF BEDSTEADS, -sent free by post. It contains designs -and prices of upwards of ONE HUNDRED -different Bedsteads; also of every -description of Bedding, Blankets, and Quilts. -And their new warerooms contain an extensive -assortment of Bed-room Furniture, Furniture -Chintzes, Damasks and Dimities, so as to -render their Establishment complete for the -general furnishing of Bed-rooms.</p> - -<p class="cenhead">HEAL & SON, Bedstead and Bedding -Manufacturers, 196. Tottenham Court Road.</p> - -<hr class="full" /> - -<p>Printed by <span class="sc">Thomas Clark Shaw</span>, of No. 10. Stonefield Street, in -the Parish of St. Mary, Islington, at No. 5. New Street Square, in the -Parish of St. Bride, in the City of London; and published by <span class="sc">George -Bell</span>, of No. 186. Fleet Street, in the Parish of St. Dunstan in -the West, in the City of London, Publisher, at No. 186. 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