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diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d7b82bc --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitattributes @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +*.txt text eol=lf +*.htm text eol=lf +*.html text eol=lf +*.md text eol=lf diff --git a/LICENSE.txt b/LICENSE.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6312041 --- /dev/null +++ b/LICENSE.txt @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +This eBook, including all associated images, markup, improvements, +metadata, and any other content or labor, has been confirmed to be +in the PUBLIC DOMAIN IN THE UNITED STATES. + +Procedures for determining public domain status are described in +the "Copyright How-To" at https://www.gutenberg.org. + +No investigation has been made concerning possible copyrights in +jurisdictions other than the United States. Anyone seeking to utilize +this eBook outside of the United States should confirm copyright +status under the laws that apply to them. diff --git a/README.md b/README.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..813a450 --- /dev/null +++ b/README.md @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +Project Gutenberg (https://www.gutenberg.org) public repository for +eBook #66168 (https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/66168) diff --git a/old/66168-0.txt b/old/66168-0.txt deleted file mode 100644 index c82ef9a..0000000 --- a/old/66168-0.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,3517 +0,0 @@ -The Project Gutenberg eBook of Notes and Queries, Number 202, September 10, -1853, by George Bell - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and -most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms -of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you -will have to check the laws of the country where you are located before -using this eBook. - -Title: Notes and Queries, Number 202, September 10, 1853 - A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists, - Antiquaries, Geneologists, etc - -Author: Various - -Editor: George Bell - -Release Date: August 29, 2021 [eBook #66168] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: UTF-8 - -Produced by: Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram and the Online Distributed - Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This file was - produced from images generously made available by The Internet - Library of Early Journals.) - -*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, NUMBER 202, -SEPTEMBER 10, 1853 *** - - - - - -{237} - -NOTES AND QUERIES: - -A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, -GENEALOGISTS, ETC. - - * * * * * - - -="When found, make a note of."=--CAPTAIN CUTTLE. - - * * * * * - - - No. 202.] - SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 10. 1853. - [Price Fourpence. Stamped Edition, 5_d._ - - * * * * * - - - - -CONTENTS. - - - NOTES:-- Page - - Milton and Malatesti, by Bolton Corney 237 - - "That Swinney" 238 - - Tom, Mythic and Material, by V. T. Sternberg 239 - - Shakspeare Correspondence, by T. J. Buckton, Thos. - Keightley, &c. 240 - - MINOR NOTES:--Gray: "The ploughman homeward - plods"--Poetical Tavern Signs--"Aquæ in Vinum conversæ. - Vidit et erubuit lympha pudica Deum"--Spurious Edition - of Baily's "Annuities"--"Illustrium Poetarum - Flores"--French Jeux d'Esprit 241 - - QUERIES:-- - - Samuel Wilson 242 - - MINOR QUERIES:--The Rothwell Family--Definition of - a Proverb--Latin Riddle--D. Ferrand: French Patois--"Fac - precor, Jesu benigne," &c.--The Arms of De Sissonne--Sir - George Brown--Professional Poems--"A mockery," &c.--Passage - in Whiston--Shoulder Knots and Epaulettes--The Yew Tree in - Village Churchyards--Passage in Tennyson--"When the Maggot - bites"--Eclipses of the Sun--"An" before "u" long--Reversible - Names--Gilbert White of Selborne--Hoby, Family of; their - Portraits, &c.--Portrait of Sir Anthony Wingfield--Lofcopp, - Lufcopp, or Luvcopp--Humming Ale 243 - - MINOR QUERIES WITH ANSWERS:--Dr. Richard - Sherlock--Cardinal Fleury and Bishop Wilson--Dr. Dodd - a Dramatist--Trosachs--Quarter 246 - - REPLIES:-- - - Jacob Böhme, or Behmen, by J. Yeowell 246 - - Inscriptions on Bells, by Cuthbert Bede, B.A. 248 - - Passage in Milton 249 - - Designed false English Rhymes 249 - - Attainment of Majority, by Professor De Morgan 250 - - Lady Percy, Wife of Hotspur (Daughter of Edmund - Mortimer, Earl of March), and Jane Seymour's Royal - Descent 251 - - PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE:--Three New - Processes by Mr. Lyte--Muller's Processes: Sisson's - Developing Solution 252 - - REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES:--Alterius Orbis - Papa--"All my eye"--"Clamour your tongues"--Spiked - Maces represented in Windows of the Abbey Church, Great - Malvern--Ampers and--Its--"Hip, hip, hurrah!"--Derivation of - "Wellesley"--Penny-come-quick--Eugene Aram's Comparative - Lexicon--Wooden Tombs and Effigies--Queen Anne's - Motto--Longevity--Irish Bishops as English Suffragans--Green - Pots used for drinking from by Members of the Temple--Shape - of Coffins--Old Fogies--Swan-marks--Limerick, Dublin, - and Cork--"Could we with ink," &c.--Character of - the Song of the Nightingale--Adamson's "Lusitania - Illustrata"--Adamsoniana--Crassus' Saying, &c. 254 - - MISCELLANEOUS:-- - - Books and Odd Volumes wanted 258 - - Notices to Correspondents 258 - - Advertisements 259 - - * * * * * - - - - -Notes. - - -MILTON AND MALATESTI. - -About nine years after Milton visited Italy, he thus briefly noticed, in -letter to Carlo Dati, his surviving Florentine friends: - - "Carolo DATO patricio Florentino.... Tu interim, mi Carole, - valebis, et Cultellino, Francino, Frescobaldo, Malatestæ, - Clementillo minori, et si quem alium nostri amantiorem novisti; - toti denique Gaddianæ academiæ, salutem meo nomine plurimam - dices. Interim vale.--_Londino_, Aprilis 21. 1647." - -The above extract is from _The prose works of John Milton_, as printed -in 1806, and I shall add to it the translation by Robert Fellowes, A.M., -from the same edition: - - "To Carolo DEODATI, a Florentine noble.... In the mean time, - my dear Charles, farewell, and present my kind wishes to - Cultellino, Francisco, Trescobaldo, Malatesto, the younger - Clemantillo, and every other inquiring friend, and to all the - members of the Gaddian academy. Adieu.--_London_, April 21. - 1647." - -Warton states, in a note on the minor poems of Milton, that Mr. Brand -discovered, on a book-stall, a manuscript of _La tina_ of Malatesti, -_dedicated to Milton while at Florence_, and that he gave it to Mr. -Hollis, who sent it in 1758, together with the works of Milton, to -the Accademia della Crusca. Warton justly observes, "The first piece -would have been a greater curiosity in England." With these facts the -information of the most recent biographers of Milton seems to terminate. -I am enabled, however, to prove that the work is IN PRINT, and shall -transcribe my authority _verbatim_: - - "MALATESTI, _Antonio_. LA TINA, equivoci rusticali (in 50 - sonetti). Londra, Tommaso Edlin, 1757, in 8ᵒ. - - _Non è fatta in Londra quest' ediz. nel 1757, ma presso che 80 - anni dopo in Venezia, ed in numero di 50 esemplari in carta - velina, due in carta grande inglese da disegno, ed uno, unico, - in_ PERGAMENA. - - Il Malatesti aveva regalato una copia di questi graziosissimi - sonetti al celebre inglese Gio. Milton, nell' anno in cui egli - visitava l'Italia. Dopo la morte del Milton pervennero in mano - del sig. Brant, gentiluomo inglese, il quale una copia ne - fece trarre per {238} regalarla a Gio. Marsili, prof. dell' - Università di Padova, che nel 1757 si trovava in Londra. Il MS. - del Marsili servì a questa ristampa che porta in fronte quella - stessa prefazione in inglese che stava nel MS. Marsiliano." - -The authority alluded to is the fourth edition of the _Serie dei testi -di lingua_ of Bartolommeo Gamba, Venezia, 1839, royal 8vo.--one of the -best bibliographical compilations ever produced. I was led to suspect, on -glancing at the note, that Gamba himself was the editor of the volume, -and now consider it as certain, for _La tina_ appears under his name in -the index. As copies of the work must have reached England I hope to see -the dedication reprinted, and am sure it would be received as a welcome -curiosity. - -I cannot commend Mr. Fellowes as a translator of Milton. _To Carolo_ is -a solecism; _Deodati_ should be _Dati_; the period which precedes the -extract is entirely omitted; and the five names which follow _Charles_, -besides being mis-spelt, have the termination which can only be required -in Latin composition! I believe we should read Coltellini, Francini, -Frescobaldi, Malatesti, and Clementini. On Coltellini and Malatesti there -is much valuable information in Poggiali and Gamba. - -BOLTON CORNEY. - - * * * * * - - -"THAT SWINNEY." - -(_Continued from_ p. 215.) - -Swinney was the devoted servant of all men in power--of all who had -been or were likely to be in power--except, perhaps, the peace-makers, -who, curiously enough, did not please this minister of peace--of all, -perhaps, who subscribed to his publications, or had the means to -subscribe; and who, if they did not, might hereafter. Swinney's volume of -_Fugitive Pieces_ was dedicated to the Duke of Grafton. A third edition -contains additions which show how Swinney's great zeal outran his little -discretion. The following verses appeared originally in _The Public -Advertiser_ on the 27th of May, 1768, and are bad enough to be preserved -as a curiosity: - - _"An Extempore Effusion on reading a Scurrilous Invective - against the Duke of G----n [Grafton], published in yesterday's - Newspapers._ - - Cursed be the Wretch, and blasted rot his name, - Who dares to stab an injured G----n's fame! - Who (while his public virtue stands confest, - And lives within his ROYAL MASTER'S breast) - Can rake for Scandal in his private life, - And widen breaches between man and wife; - Who casts a stone (like some unthinking Elf), - That haply shall recoil against himself! - Anguish, Remorse, and Terror seize his Soul, - And waste it quick where fiends malicious howl; - May those rank pests through which his father fell, - Announce his coming to the Gates of Hell! - And yet, or ere he plunge into the Lake, - Where no cool stream his endless thirst can slake, - May CHRIST in mercy deprecate his doom, - And may to HIM his promised Kingdom come! - - "SIDNEY SWINNEY." - -Not content with future punishment, the Doctor, in another poem, -threatens present vengeance: - - "But hark thee, wretch; believe him while he swears; - SID (by the gods) will crop thine asses ears, - Should thou persist a G----n to impeach, - And blast those virtues thou canst never reach." - -As Draper had taken Granby under his protection, so Swinney must needs -play the chivalrous in defence of Grafton. The dedication of _The Battle -of Minden_ is dated 20th May, 1769, and the poet in the _exordium_ goes -out of his way to notice, as I suppose, the attacks of Junius: - - "His [Sid's] blood recoils with an indignant rage, - 'Gainst the base hirelings of a venal age. - Wretches! that spare nor ministers nor kings, - Blend good with bad, profane with sacred things; - Whose vengeful hearts, with wrath and malice curst, - Blast virtuous deeds; and then, with envy burst, - They dart their arrows, innocence traduce, - And load e'en G----n with their vile abuse." - -To this passage he appends the following note, which occupies, in his -magnificent typographical volume, a whole quarto page: - - "It is observable that this amiable personage [the Duke of - Grafton], and most consummate statesman, has been bespattered - with as much low calumny and abuse, from various quarters, as - if he had been the declared enemy of his country, instead of - having manfully and courageously stood up in support of its - true interests.--S." - -Let us consider now, What are the probabilities of Swinney never having -spoken to Lord George Sackville? - -That he did on that occasion speak to Lord George--that he did ask him -"whether or no he was the author of Junius"--may be assumed: and it is -very probable that Junius heard of it, at first or at second hand, from -Swinney himself; for the impertinent blockhead that would ask such a -question, was just the man to tell what he had done, and to think it a -good thing. But had he never before spoken to Sackville? Was this a fact -or a flourish--an affectation of secret information, like the "sent" and -"went" about Garrick--the "every particular next day"--which we now know -to have been untrue. - -That Swinney had been chaplain to one of the British regiments serving -in Germany is manifest from twenty different references in the poem and -the notes. I lay no stress on his poetical flights about Euphorbus; -but he speaks repeatedly from personal experience--specially refers to -circumstances occurring when quartered at a farm-house near Embden--at -the camp at Crossdorf--acknowledges personal favours received during the -{239} campaign from General Harvey, and on another occasion attentions -from Granby. Here, for example, is a poetical picture which brings -Swinney vividly before us: - - "At Marienbourn, the vaunting army halts, - ... - _A pastor_ from the heav'n-devoted train, - Brings hams and fowls, and spreads them on the plain: - The jovial officers their bellies fill, - _Rally their chaplain_, and applaud him still." - -Swinney must therefore have served under Sackville; for, as he tells us, -Sackville - - "by George was made - Good Marlbro's successor"-- - -and certainly the probabilities are that he must have been personally -known to--had before spoken to him. Sackville must at this very time have -been particularly anxious about Swinney and his doings, wise or unwise. -That fatal battle of Minden had been the ruin of all his hopes--the -overthrow of all his ambition. In my opinion, Sackville had been -shamefully and shamelessly run down on that occasion; but whether justly -or unjustly stripped of his honours and degraded for his conduct, here -was a man about to write a poem on the battle, to immortalise those who -fought in it; and Sackville must have been keenly alive to what he might -say of him. Swinney foreshadowed what his opinion would be in the First -Book, where he enumerates Sackville amongst his "choice leaders"-- - - "Good Marlbro', Sackville, Granby, Waldgrave bold, - Brudenell and Kingsley." - -This was published early in 1769. - -In the Second Book Lord George is brought prominently forward. The -"bewilder'd Ferdinand," "doubtful himself," summons a council of war, and -calls first on Sackville for advice. - - "Sackville, disclose the secret of thy breast: - Say, shall we linger in ignoble rest? - Shall we retreat? advance, or perish here? - Resolve our queries: state thy judgment clear." - -Sackville now plays the "high heroical," and talks through six pages; but -to what purpose I am unable to conjecture. There _seems_ to be a great -deal of angry remonstrance--of offensive remonstrance: - - "When I ask [says Sackville to Ferdinand], didst ever thou consult - A chief, till now, and wait the sage result? - When Aalm's camp was deluged all in rain, - And floods rusht o'er an undistinguisht plain, - To thy flint heart remonstrances were vain: - What, then, avail'd neglected Marlbro's prayers! - His instances? His unremitted cares? - The Elector's stables had sufficient room, - Stalls, without end, anticipate the doom - Of British chargers, forced to march, at noon, - Beneath their riders' weight and scorching sun." - -Swinney then gives in a note what he calls the genuine queries proposed -by Prince Ferdinand, with Sackville's answer: which answer is nearly -as void of distinct meaning as the poetry, but in favour I think of -risking a battle. The general purport, however, foreshadows what -Swinney's conclusion would have been--that Sackville, the friend of -the British soldier, protested against the frauds by which they were -robbed and starved; protested against their being called on to do all -the work, and run all the risks of the campaign; and disdains to humour -or flatter Prince Ferdinand. These were, in brief, the explanations -given by Sackville's friends as the cause of his disgrace--Granby -the favoured, a gallant soldier indeed, but a mere soldier, being -comparatively indifferent about such commissarial matters, and much more -easily deceived by the cunning of the selfish Germans and English. This -intention is made still more clear in another note, wherein Swinney -states: - - "We may be enabled to account for a certain disgraceful event, - in some future observation of ours, equally to _the honour - of the person disgraced_, and to the innocent cause of that - disgrace." - -Under these circumstances there can be little doubt that Sidney -Swinney, D.D., was the party alluded to by Junius; as little, I think, -that Swinney had before, and long before, spoken to Lord George -Sackville,--must have been dear to Sackville, as one of the few who -had served under, and yet had a kind word to say for him,--had said it -indeed, and was about to repeat it emphatically. That Swinney was the -fool Junius asserted, the extract already given must have abundantly -proved; but I will conclude with one other, in which he not only -anticipated Fitzgerald, but anticipated the burlesque exaggerations in -the "Rejected Addresses:" - - "Horse, Foot, Hussars, or ere they march review'd. - ... - The Foot, that form the first and second line, - All smartly drest, like Grecian heroes shine; - Their bold cock'd hats, their spatterdashers white, - And glossy shoes, attract his ravish'd sight." - -T. S. J. - - * * * * * - - -TOM, MYTHIC AND MATERIAL. - -"All _Toms_ are alike," quoth the elegant Pelham; and if we were asked -to define the leading idea of him, we should describe a downright honest -John Bull, essentially manly, but withal a bit--perhaps a large bit--of -a dullard. His masculinity is unquestionable. A male cat, as every -body knows, is a _Tom_-cat; a romping boy-like girl is a _Tom_-boy, -or a _Tom_-rig; a large nob-headed pin is a _Tom_-pin; and in many -provincial dialects the great toe is, _par excellence_, the _Tom_-toe. -Last, not {240} least, there is the nectar of St. Giles, the venerable -Old _Tom_. In proof of his stupidity we can adduce a goodly show of -epithets--_Tom_-fool, _Tom_-neddy, _Tom_-noddy, _Tom_-cull, _Tom_-coney, -_Tom_-farthing, &c. We know, indeed, there are people who hold that even -in these instances _Tom_ is merely the masculine prefix to distinguish -the _he_-fool (_i. e._ the _Tom_-fool) from the Molly or _she_-fool of -the ancient mumming. But the race of Toms must not lay this flattering -unction to their souls, for the hypothesis won't stand. The very -monosyllable itself, like "Sammy," has a strong twang of the bauble -in it. An open truth-loving fellow is a _Tom_ Tell-truth; but, on the -other hand, all tinkers--a sadly libelled race of men--are invariably -_Tom_-tinkers, as all tars have been _Jack_-tars from time immemorial. -In some of the old-fashioned country games at cards the knave is called -_Tom_; and the wandering mendicants who used to levy black-mail, under -the plea of insanity, were Mad _Toms_, or "_Toms_-o'-Bedlam." "Tom all -alone" is a northern _sobriquet_ for the Wandering Jew, who, the last -time we heard of him, was caught stealing gingerbread nuts at Richmond -Fair. In the legendary division there is the notorious _Tom_-Styles--the -depredatory _Tom_ the piper's son (legitimate issue of _Tom_ Piper, -the musician of the old Morris Dance)--the fortunate _Tom_ Tidler of -the original diggings, and that heroic little liege of Queen Mab, the -knight of the thumb. _Tom_-Tumbler was a saltatory fiend in the days of -Reginald Scott; and _Tom_ Poker still devours little folks in Suffolk, -without doubt (thinks Forby) a descendant of the Sui.-G. _tompte poecke_, -or house-goblin. As for the ignominious _Tom_ Tiler (North Country for -hen-pecked husband) we cannot allow him to belong to the family; for who -can imagine a hen-pecked Tom! he must have been a wretched individuality, -a suffering, corporeal Tiler. - -Tom also bestows his name on divers other things, animate and inanimate. -Among fishes there are _Tommy_-Loach, _Tommy_-Bar, and _Tom_-Toddy -(the Cornish name of the tod-pole). The Long-_Tom_ and the _Tom_-tit -are both ornithological Toms. Tom Tailor is a child's name for the -Harry-long-legs--another singular instance, by the way, of Christian -names applied to animals. _Tom_-trot reminds one of pre-pantaloon orgies, -and is (I think) something in the brandy-ball line. Finally, we may -remark, that a large proportion of her Majesty's subjects are in the -habit of conferring the endearing name upon the staff of life itself. -"Navvies," agricultural labourers, and such like gentry, are accustomed -to divide all human food into two classes, which they euphonically -denominate respectively _Todge_ and _Tommy_; the former comprising -spoon-meat, and the latter all hard food which requires mastication. But -this, we think, is not a case of Tom _per se_, but rather referable to -the Camb.-Brit. _tama_, which has exactly the same acceptation. - -V. T. STERNBERG. - - * * * * * - - -SHAKSPEARE CORRESPONDENCE. - -_Shakspearian Parallels._--Searching for Shakspearian parallels, I find -the following, which may leave suggested to our bard his _Seven Ages_. -The first is by Solon, extracted from Clemens Alexandrinus (_Stromat._ -vi. p. 685., Paris, 1629), which differs from Philo Judæus (i. p. 25.), -the only two authorities to whom we owe the preservation of this ode, as -also from the text of the critic Brunck and the grammarian Dalzell. An -imitation of the Greek metres is attempted in the paraphrased translation -attached. The second is a sonnet from Tusser, who extends the period of -life beyond seventy, the age of Solon and David in hotter climes, to -eighty-four for hyperboreans, but assigns, with David, the imbecility -belonging to such advanced years. - - 7. Παῖς μὲν ἄνηβος ἐὼν ἔτι νήπιος ἕρκος ὀδόντων - Φύσας, ἐκβάλλει πρῶτον ἐν ἕπτ' ἔτεσιν. - - 14. Τοὺς δ' ἑτέρους ὅτε δὴ τελέσει Θεὸς ἕπτ' ἐνιαυτοὺς, - Ἥβης ἐκφαίνει σπέρματα γεινομένης. - - 21. Τῇ τριτατῃ δὲ γένειον ἀεξομένων ἐπὶ γυίων - Λαχνοῦται, χροιῆς ἄνθος ἀμειβομένης. - - 28. Τῇ δὲ τετάρτῃ πᾶς τις ἐν ἑβδομάδι μέγ' ἄριστος - Ἰσχὺν, ἥντ' ἄνδρες σήματ' ἔχουσ' ἀρετῆς. - - 35. Πέμπτῃ δ' ὥριον ἄνδρα γάμου μεμνημένον εἶναι. - Καὶ παίδων ζητεῖν εἰς ὀπίσω γενεήν. - - 42. Τῇ δ' ἕκτῃ περιπάντα καταρτύεται γόος ἀνδρὸς, - Οὐδ' ἐσιδεῖν ἔθ' ὁμῶς ἔργα μάταια θέλει. - - 49. Ἑπτὰ δὲ νοῦν καὶ[1] γλώσσαν ἐν ἑβδομάσι μέγ' ἄριστος· - - 56. Οκτὼ δ' ἀμφοτέρων τέσσαρα καὶ δέκ' ἔτη, - - 63. Τῇ δ' ἐνάτῃ ἔτι μὲν δύναται, μετριώτερα δ' αὐτοῦ, - Πρὸς μεγάλην ἀρετὴν σῶμά τε καὶ δύναμις. - - 70. Τῇ δεκάτῃ δ' ὅτε δὴ τελέσῃ Θεὸς ἕπτ' ἐνιαυτοὺς, - Οὐκ ἂν ἄωρος ἐὼν μοῖραν ἔχοι θανάτου. - - 7. Youth immature, not a tooth in his jaws, while an infant he - slumbers - Growing, shows teeth i' th' first seven years of his life. - - 14. God, in the next seven years, to him grants ev'ry pow'r of - production; - Thus soon commands man, sacred, to look on the sex. - - 21. Thirdly, his beard, while it roughens his chin; and his limbs, - freely playing, - Grow lust'rously-bright, changing their flowery hue. - - 28. Fourth, in this sev'n-fold older, the _man_ very speedily - shoots forth, - Mighty in muscular limbs, proud of his vigour and strength. - - {241} - - 35. Fifth, in maturity, glowing in health, with his heart in the - right place, - Let him, wisdom-join'd, think upon children to come. - - 42. Sixth, let him carefully ponder on things of importance to - mankind; - Disdaining whate'er, formerly, foolish he sought. - - 49. Seventh, in mind or in tongue is he best, either one or the other: - - 56. Eighth, both join'd in excelling, for a term of fourteen. - - 63. Ninth, he declines in his powers of force, and the deeds of his - youthhood; - Shorn of the vigour of manhood, he awaits his recall. - - 70. God in the tenth of the seven, mature, all his functions - develop'd, - Consigns him, full ripe, darkly to sleep in the dust. - -So far Solon. Tusser quaintly but wisely: - - "Man's age divided here ye have, - By 'prenticeships, from birth to grave. - - 7. The first seven years bring up as a child, - 14. The next to learning, for waxing too wild. - 21. The next, keep under Sir Hobbard de Hoy; - 28. The next, a man, no longer a boy. - 35. The next, let Lusty lay wisely to wive; - 42. The next, lay now, or else never to thrive. - 49. The next, make sure for term of thy life; - 56. The next, save somewhat for children and wife. - 63. The next, be stayd, give over thy lust; - 70. The next, think hourly, whither thou must. - 77. The next, get chair and crutches to stay; - 84. The next, to heaven God send us the way! - - Who loseth their youth shall rue it in age. - Who hateth the truth in sorrow shall rage." - -T. J. BUCKTON. - -Birmingham. - -[Footnote 1: Read ἢ for καὶ.] - -_"Contents dies"--Love's Labour's Lost, Act V. Sc. 2._ (Vol. viii., pp. -120. 169.).--I must be permitted, with all due courtesy, to correct MR. -ARROWSMITH'S assertion respecting this phrase; because, from its dogmatic -tone, it is calculated to mislead readers, and perhaps editors. He -maintains that this is a good concord, and pronounces Johnson and Collier -(myself, of course, included) to be "unacquainted with the usage of their -own tongue, and the universal language of thought," for not discerning it. - -Now it may, perhaps, surprise MR. ARROWSMITH to be told that he has -proved nothing--that not a single one of his instances is relevant. In -this passage the verb is _neuter_ or _active_; in all of his quotations -it is the verb _substantive_ we meet. Surely one so well versed, as we -must suppose him to be, in general grammar, requires not to be told that -this verb takes the same case after as before it, and that the governing -case often follows. Indeed, he has recognised this principle by giving -"This is the contents thereof" as one of his instances of "contents" -governing a singular verb. Let him then produce an _exact_ parallel to -"contents dies," or even such a structure as this, "the contents _is_ -lies and calumnies," and then we may hearken to him. Till that has been -done, my interpretation is the only one that gives sense to the passage -without altering the text. - -An exact parallel to the sense in which I take "contents" is found in-- - - "But heaven hath a hand in these events, - To whose high will we bound our calmly _contents_." - - _Rich. II._, Act V. Sc. 2. - -In conclusion, I must add that I still regard this emendatory criticism -as a "game," the Latin _ludus_, as it gives scope to sagacity and -ingenuity, but can rarely hope to arrive at certainty; and it does not, -like questions of ethics or politics, involve important interests, -and should never excite our angry feelings. As to "cogging and -falsification," which MR. A. joins with it, they can have no just -reference to _me_, as I have never descended to the employment of such -artifices. - -THOS. KEIGHTLEY. - -P. S.--I have just seen H. C. K.'s observation on "clamour your tongues" -in the _Winter's Tale_, and it really seems strange that he should not -have read, or should have forgotten my view of it in "N. & Q.," which is -precisely similar to his own. As to suspecting him of pilfering from me, -nothing is farther from my thoughts. - -_Meaning of Delighted._--With reference to the word _delighted_ in -Shakspeare, much discussed in "N. & Q.," may I remind you that we call -that which carries (or is furnished, or provided with) wings, _winged_; -that which carries wheels, _wheeled_; that which carries masts, _masted_; -and so on. Why then should not a pre-Johnsonian writer call that -which carries delight, _delighted_? It appears to me that this will -sufficiently explain "delighted beauty;" and "the delighted spirit" I -would account for in the same way: only remarking that in this case, -the borne delights meant are delights to the bearer; in the other case, -delights to all whom the bearer approaches. - -J. W. F. - - * * * * * - - -Minor Notes. - -_Gray--"The ploughman homeward plods."_--On looking over some MSS. which -I had not seen for years, I met with one of which the following is a copy: - - "A person had a paper folded with this line from Gray marked on - it-- - - 'The ploughman homewards plods his weary way.' - - A poetical friend, on looking at the quotation, thought it - might be expressed in various ways without destroying {242} - the rhyme, or altering the sense. In a short time he produced - the following eleven different readings. It is doubtful whether - another line can be found, the words of which admit of so many - transpositions, and still retain the original meaning:-- - - 1. The weary ploughman plods his homeward way. - 2. The weary ploughman homeward plods his way. - 3. The ploughman, weary, plods his homeward way. - 4. The ploughman weary homeward plods his way. - 5. Weary the ploughman plods his homeward way. - 6. Weary the ploughman homeward plods his way. - 7. Homeward the ploughman plods his weary way. - 8. Homeward the ploughman weary plods his way. - 9. Homeward the weary ploughman plods his way. - 10. The homeward ploughman weary plods his way. - 11. The homeward ploughman plods his weary way." - -I know not whether this has ever appeared in print. To me it is new, at -least it was, as I now recollect, when I read it several years ago; but -as the exercise is ingenious, I thought I would trespass on "N. & Q." -with it, so that, if not heretofore printed or known, it might be made "a -note of." - -A HERMIT AT HAMPSTEAD. - -_Poetical Tavern Signs._--Passing through Dudley the other day, I jotted -down two signs worthy, I think, of a place in "N. & Q." - -No. 1. rejoices in the cognomen of the "Lame Dog" with the following -distich: - - "Step in, my friend, and rest awhile, - And help the Lame Dog over the style." - -No. 2., with a spirited representation of a round of beef, invites her -Majesty's subjects thus: - - "If you are hungry, or adry, - Or your stomach out of order, - Their's sure relief at the 'Round of Beef,' - For both these two disorders." - -R. C. WARDE. - -Kidderminster. - -_"Aquæ in Vinum conversæ. Vidit et erubuit lympha pudica Deum."_--The -interesting note under this title (Vol. vi., p. 358.) refers to -Campbell's _Poets_. The following is an extract from Campbell: - - "Richard Crashaw there [Cambridge] published his Latin poems, - in one of which is the epigram from a Scripture passage: - - "_Lympha_ pudica Deum vidit et _erubuit_.'" - - Campbell's _Brit. Poets_, ed. 1841, p. 198. - -In the _Poemata Anglorum Latina_ is the following epigram on our -Saviour's first miracle at the marriage feast: - - "Unde rubor vestris et non sua purpura lymphis, - Quæ rosa mirantes tam nova mutat aquas? - Numen (convivæ) præsens agnoscite numen-- - Vidit et erubuit _nympha_ pudica Deum." - -I presume this epigram is Crashaw's poem to which Campbell refers; but -query. Until I saw the note in "N. & Q.," I supposed that the celebrated -line-- - - "Lympha pudica Deum vidit et erubuit." - -was the happy _ex tempore_ produce of Dryden's early genius, when a -boy, at Westminster School. If the epigram which I have copied is the -original, the last line is surely much improved by the (traditional) line -which Campbell has recorded. Surely _lympha_ is preferable to _nympha_; -and surely the order of the word erubuit ending the line is the best. - -F. W. J. - -_Spurious Edition of Baily's "Annuities"_ (Vol. iv., p. 19.).--In the -place just referred to, I pointed out how to distinguish the spurious -editions, among other marks, by the _title-page_. I looked at a copy on a -stall a few days ago, and found that _the title-page has been changed_. -Those who have reprinted it have chosen the old title-page, which stood -in the work before two volumes were made of it. - -A. DE MORGAN. - -_"Illustrium Poetarum Flores."_--On leaving London I thought of bringing -with me two or three pocket classics; unfortunately, in looking for -them, I picked up _Illustrium Poetarum Flores per Octavianum Mirandulam -olim Collecti_, &c., Londini, 1651, and brought that little book with -me instead; and, upon looking into it, I find it the worst printed book -I ever saw; and I send you this Note as to it, as a warning against so -disgraceful a publication. Such a work, if well executed and properly -printed, would be a very pleasant companion in a vacation ramble. - -S. G. C. - -_French Jeux d'Esprit._--In the spring of 1852, when Prince Louis -Napoleon was doing all he could to secure the imperial crown, the -following hexameter line was passed from mouth to mouth by the -Legitimates. I am inclined to think that it never appeared in print: - - "Napoleo cupit Imperium, indeque Gallia ridet." - -Which translated _mot-à-mot_ gives a clever double sense: - - "Napoléon désire l'empire, et la France _en rit_ [_Henri_]." - -J. H. DE H. - - * * * * * - - - - -Queries. - - -SAMUEL WILSON. - -I should be glad of any information respecting Samuel Wilson, Esq., of -Hatton Garden, in the parish of St. Andrew, Holborn, whose will was -proved October 24, 1769, and which I have read. He was the donor of the -bequest, known as "Wilson's Charity," to the Corporation of the {243} -City of London, for loans to poor tradesmen. I wish to ask,-- - -1. What is known of his origin, family, personal history, &c.? - -2. What was his precise degree of relationship to the Halseys, whom he -calls "cousins" in his will? Were they related to the family of that name -at Great Gaddesden, Herts? - -3. Did he publish any, and what, letters or books? for he leaves his MSS. -of every kind to his friend Richard Glover, Esq. (the poet I presume), -with full power to collect any letters or papers he may have already -published, and also to arrange and publish any more which he may think -intended or suitable for publication. - -4. Is there any published sketch of his life? The only notice I have seen -is the one of a few lines in the _Gentleman's Magazine_, just after his -death. - -In compliance with your excellent suggestion (Vol. vii., p. 2.), I send -my address in a stamped envelope for any private communication which may -not interest the general reader. - -E. A. D. - - * * * * * - - -Minor Queries. - -_The Rothwell Family._--When William Flower, Esq., Norroy, confirmed -the ancient arms of this family to Stephen Rothwell, gent., of Ewerby, -county of Lincoln, on the 1st April, 1585, and granted a crest (no such -being found to his ancient arms), the said Stephen Rothwell was stated to -be "ex sui cognominis familia antiqua in comitatu Lancastriæ oriundus." -Can any of the readers of "N. & Q." give any information respecting the -family from which he is stated to be descended? - -GLAIUS. - -_Definition of a Proverb._--Where can I find the source whence I. -D'Israeli took his definition of a proverb, viz. "The wisdom of many and -the wit of one?" - -C. MANSFIELD INGLEBY. - -Birmingham. - -_Latin Riddle._--Aulus Gellius (_Noctes Atticæ_, lib. XII. cap. vi.) -proposes the following enigma, which he terms "Per hercle antiquum, -perque lepidum:" - - "Semel minusne, an bis minus, non sat scio, - An utrumque eorum, ut quondam audivi dicier - Jovi ipsi regi noluit concedere." - -The answer he withholds for the usual reason, "Ut legentium conjecturas -in requirendo acueremus." - -Is there among the readers of "N. & Q." an Œdipus who will furnish a -solution? - -R. PRICE. - -St. Ives. - -_D. Ferrand--French Patois._--Hallman, in the 7th chapter of his _Poesie -und Beredsamkeit der Franzosen_, gives several specimens of the French -provincial poets of the sixteenth century, and among these the following -from a poem on the dispersing of a meeting of Huguenots by the soldiers: - - "Quand des guerriers fut la troupe entinchée - Non n'aleguet le dire du Prescheux, - Que pour souffrir l'ame est de Dieu tombée, - Femme et Mary, comme le fianchée, - Pour se sauver quitest leu zamoreux - En s'enfiant ocun n'avet envie, - De discourir de l'Eternelle vie, - Sainct Pol estet en alieur guissement - No ne palet de Bible en Apostille - Qui en eut palé quand fut en un moment - Les pretendus grippez par la Soudrille. - - "Le milleur fut quand la troupe enrangée - Fut aux Fauxbourgs, hors de lieu perilleux, - Car tiel n'estet o combat qu'on Pygmée, - Qui se diset o milieu de stermée - S'estre monstre un géant orgueilleux - Les femmes ossi disest ma sœur, m'amie, - De tout su brit ie sis toute espamie, - Petit troupeau que tu as de tourment, - Pour supporter le faix de l'Evangile - Souffrira-t-on qu'on vaye impudement - Les pretendus grippez par la Soudrille." - - D. Ferrand, _Inv. Gen._, p. 304. - -Hallman gives no farther information. I shall be glad if any of your -readers can tell me who D. Ferrand was, what he wrote, and of what -province the above is the _patois_. - -B. SNOW. - -Birmingham. - -_"Fac precor, Jesu benigne," &c._--In the _Sacra Privata_, new edition, -Bishop Wilson quotes the following lines: - - "Fac precor, - Jesu benigne, cogitem - Hæc semper, ut semper tibi - Summoque Patri, gratias - Agam, pieque vos colam, - Totâque mente diligam." - -Can any of your readers inform me where they come from? - -WILLIAM DENTON. - -_The Arms of De Sissonne._--Can any of your correspondents inform me -where I could find a copy of _Histoire Généalogique de la Maison Royale -de France_, or any other work in which are blazoned the arms of "De -Sissonne" of Normandy, connected with that regal house? - -J. L. S. - -_Sir George Brown._--Sir George Brown, of West Stafford, Berks, and of -Wickham Breaux, Kent, married Eleanor, daughter of Sir R. Blount, of -Maple Durham, Oxon; and by her had issue several children, and amongst -them one son Richard, who was a child under five years of age in 1623. I -shall feel obliged if any of your correspondents can tell me where I can -find a pedigree of this Richard, and in particular whether he married, -{244} whom he married, and the names of his several children, if any. - -NEWBURIENSIS. - -_Professional Poems._--Can you tell me who is the author of _Professional -Poems by a Professional Gentleman_, 12mo., 1827, published at -Wolverhampton; and by Longman, London? - -GW. - -_"A mockery," &c._--Whence is the quotation, "A mockery, a delusion, and -a snare?" - -W. P. - -_Passage in Whiston._--In _Taylor on Original Sin_, Lond. 1746, p. 94., -it is said: - - "Mr. Whiston maintains that regeneration is a literal and - physical _being born again_, and is granted to the faithful at - the beginning of the millennium." - -The marginal reference is, _Whiston on Original Sin, &c._, p. 68. - -I cannot find the book or the doctrine in any collection of Whiston's -writings which I have met with; but as he was a copious writer and a -versatile theologian, both may exist. Can any reader of "N. & Q." tell me -where to find them? - -J. T. - -_Shoulder Knots and Epaulettes._--What is the origin of the shoulder -knot, and its ancient use? Has it and the epaulette a common origin? - -GETSRN. - -_The Yew Tree in Village Churchyards._--Why did our forefathers choose -the yew as the inseparable attendant upon the outer state of the churches -raised by them? Apart from its grave and sombre appearance, I cannot -help recognising a mysterious embodiment of the spirit of evil as the -intention of the planters. We know that in all mediæval edifices there -is an apparent and discernible endeavour to place in juxta-position the -spirits of good and evil, to _materialise_ the idea of an adversative -spirit, antagonistic to the church's teachings, and hurtful to her -efforts of advancement. I look upon the grotesque cephalic corbels as one -modification of this, and would interpret many equally mysterious emblems -by referring them to the same actuating desire. Now the yew is certainly -the most deadly of indigenous productions, and therefore would be chosen -as the representative of a spirit of destruction, the opposite to one -that giveth life by its teachings, of which the building itself is the -sensible sign. I crave more information from some learned ecclesiologist -on the subject, which is certainly a most interesting one. - -R. C. WARDE. - -Kidderminster. - -_Passage in Tennyson._-- - - "Or underneath the barren bush, - Flits by _the blue seabird of March_." - -In _Memoriam_, xc. What bird is meant? - -W. T. M. - -Hong Kong. - -_"When the Maggot bites."_--A note will oblige to explain the origin of -the phrase, that a thing done on the spur of the moment is done "When the -maggot bites." - -ANON. - -_Eclipses of the Sun._--Where can I find a list of solar eclipses that -have taken place since the time of the invasion of Julius Cæsar? I -am greatly in want of this information, and shall be grateful to any -correspondent who will give me the reference required. - -C. MANSFIELD INGLEBY. - -Birmingham. - -_"An" before "u" long._--I should be much obliged to any of my -fellow-students of "N. & Q." who would answer the following Query: What -is the reason of the increasingly prevailing custom of writing _an_ -before words beginning with _u_ long, or with diphthongs having the sound -of _u_ long? Surely a written language is perfect in proportion as it -represents the spoken tongue; if so, this is one of the many instances -in which modern fashions are making English orthography still more -inconsistent than it was wont to be. It appears to me just as reasonable -to say "_an youthful_ (pronounced _yoothful_) person," as "_an useful_ -(pronounced _yooseful_) person." - -If there is a satisfactory reason for the practice, I shall be delighted -to be corrected but, if not, I would fain see the fashion "nipped in the -bud." - -BENJAMIN DAWSON. - -London. - -_Reversible Names._--Some female names spell backwards and forwards the -same, as _Hannah_, _Anna_, _Eve_, _Ada_: so also does _madam_, which -is feminine. Is this in the nature of things, or can any one produce -a reversible _proprium quod maribus_? No arguments, but instances; no -surnames, which are epicene; no obsolete names, such as _Odo_, of which -it may be suspected that they have died precisely because an attempt was -made to marify them: or say, rather, that Odo, to live masculine, was -obliged to become Otho. Failing instances, I shall maintain that _varium -et mutabile semper femina_ only means that whatever reads backwards and -forwards the same, is always feminine. - -M. - -_Gilbert White of Selborne._--Can any of the correspondents of "N. & Q." -inform me whether any portrait, painted, engraved, or sculptured, exists -of this celebrated naturalist; and if so, a reference to it will greatly -oblige - -W. A. L. - -St. John's Square. - -_Hoby, Family of; their Portraits, &c._--In the parish church of Bisham, -in the county of Berks, are some fine and costly monuments to the memory -of several members of this family, who were long resident in the old -conventual building there. Are there any engravings of these monuments? -{245} And if so, in what work; or where are the inscriptions to be met -with? I possess two fine engraved portraits of this family: the originals -by Hans Holbein are said to be in "His Majesty's Collection;" where are -the originals now? Do they still adorn the walls of Windsor Castle? The -one is inscribed-- - - "Phillip Hobbie, Knight." - -The other-- - - "The Lady Hobbie." - -The orthography of the names is the same as engraved on the portraits. -The former was Sir Philip Hoby, one of the Privy Council to King Henry -VIII.; and the lady was, I believe, the wife of Sir Thomas Hoby, of -Leominster, co. Hereford, who died in 1596, aged thirty-six. Was this the -learned Lady Hoby, who wrote one of the epitaphs above referred to? Are -there any other portraits of members of this ancient, but now extinct -family, in existence? They bore for arms, "Arg. three spindles in fesse -gules, threaded or." What was their crest and motto? - -J. B. WHITBORNE. - -_Portrait of Sir Anthony Wingfield._--Can any person inform me where -the picture of Sir Anthony Wingfield is, described in Horace Walpole's -_Letters_, and which he saw in an old house in Suffolk belonging to the -family of Naunton, descended from Secretary Naunton, temp. James I.; he -says: - - "Sir Anthony Wingfield, who, having his hand tucked into his - girdle, the housekeeper told us had had his fingers cut off by - Henry VIII." - -Q. - -_Lofcopp, Lufcopp, or Luvcopp._--In some of the charters granted by our -earlier monarchs (Henry I. for instance), there is contained a grant -of a toll called _lofcopp_, _lufcopp_, or _luvcopp_. Could any of your -correspondents give me any farther information respecting the meaning of -the word, than is contained in the first Volume of "N. & Q.," pp. 319. -371.? - -J. CTUS. - -_Humming Ale._--Having lately met with the above epithet applied to ale -in one of James's novels (_Forest Days_), I should be glad to know its -meaning. - -W. H. P. - - * * * * * - - -Minor Queries with Answers. - -_Dr. Richard Sherlock._--Dr. Richard Sherlock, afterwards Vicar of -Winwick, had his first cure in Ireland. I should be glad to know where he -officiated, and to receive any information respecting him beyond what is -met with in his nephew, Bishop Wilson's, life of him. - -WILLIAM DENTON. - -[A few additional notes have been added to Bishop Wilson's _Life of Dr. -Richard Sherlock_, in the seventh edition, 2 vols. 1841-44. The editor, -the Rev. H. H. Sherlock, M. A., has the following note on his first cure -in Ireland: "Wood (_Athen. Oxon._, vol. iv. p. 259. Bliss) leads us to -suppose that Dr. Sherlock was ordained immediately after taking his -Master's degree, and adds, that 'soon after he became minister of several -small parishes in Ireland, united together, and yielding no more than -80_l._ a year.' The editor has not been able to obtain any particulars of -his ordination, nor the names of the united parishes in Ireland where he -ministered. Canonically, he could not have been ordained earlier than A. -D. 1636."] - -_Cardinal Fleury and Bishop Wilson._--There exists a tradition to the -effect that during a war between this country and France, Cardinal Fleury -gave directions to the French cruisers not to molest the Island of Man, -and this out of regard to the character of its apostolic bishop, Wilson. -I should be glad to know whether any and what authority can be assigned -for this story. - -WILLIAM DENTON. - -[The story rests upon the authority of the Rev. C. Cruttwell, the -bishop's biographer and editor. The following passage occurs in the _Life -of Bishop Wilson_, vol. i. p. 226 of his _Works_, third edition, 8vo., -1784, and in the folio edition, p. 57.:--"Cardinal Fleury wanted much -to see him [the bishop], and sent over on purpose to inquire after his -health, his age, and the date of his consecration; as they were the two -oldest bishops, and he believed the poorest, in Europe; at the same time -inviting him to France. The Bishop sent the Cardinal an answer, which -gave him so high an opinion of him, that he obtained an order that no -French privateer should ravage the Isle of Man." Feltham, in his _Tour -through the Isle of Man_, 1798, after quoting this story, adds, "And that -the French still respect a Manksman, some recent instances confirm."] - -_Dr. Dodd a Dramatist._--I have seen it somewhere stated, that after Dr. -Dodd's trial, he sent for Mr. Woodfall to consult him respecting the -publication of a comedy he had written in his youth, entitled _Sir Roger -de Coverley_, and which he had actually revised and completed while in -Newgate. Was it ever published; and if not, where is the MS.? - -V. T. STERNBERG. - -[Woodfall's interview with Dr. Dodd at the Old Bailey, is given in -Cooke's _Memoirs of Samuel Foote_, vol. i. p. 195., and is quoted in -Baker's _Biographia Dramatica_, vol. iii. p. 278., edit. 1812. It appears -that Dodd's comedy was commenced in his earlier days, and finished during -his confinement in Newgate; but was neither acted nor printed. In a -pamphlet, entitled _Historical Memoirs of the Life and Writings of the -late Rev. William Dodd_, published anonymously in 1777, but attributed to -Mr. Reed, it is stated at p. 4., that "_Sir Roger de Coverley_ is now in -the hands of Mr. Harris of Covent Garden Theatre."] - -_Trosachs._--Can I learn through "N. & Q." the derivation and meaning of -the name _Trosachs_, as {246} applied to the mountain pass bordering on -Loch Katrine? - -J. G. T. - -Trosachs Hotel. - -[The name Trosachs signifies in Gaelic the _rough_ or _bristled -territory_; a signification perfectly applicable to the confused mass of -abrupt crags which, in some convulsion of nature, has been separated from -the neighbouring mountains of Ben Vennu and Ben An. This glen was first -rendered an object of popular attention by Sir Walter Scott, in his poem -of _The Lady of the Lake_.] - -_Quarter._--Whence comes the use of the word _Quarter_, as applied to -sparing of life in battle? - -J. G. T. - -Trosachs Hotel. - -[A correspondent of the _Gent. Mag._, vol. lxvi. p. 920., suggests, that -it may be traced to the reverence for the sacred symbol of our faith, -which the early Christian warriors wore depicted on their military -habiliments. Orlando, who bore this emblem on his shield, was called 'Il -Cavaliere del Quartiero;' though it is something singular that he won the -device from Almonte, a _Saracen_ chief.] - - * * * * * - - - - -Replies. - - -JACOB BÖHME, OR BEHMEN. - -(Vol. viii., p. 13.) - -Some farther particulars respecting the writings of that remarkable -character, who, according to your correspondent, "led astray William Law, -and through him tinctured the religious philosophy of Coleridge, and from -whom Schelling stole the corner-stones of his _Philosophy of Nature_," -may perhaps interest the readers of "N. & Q." - -Who Böhme, or Behmen, was, may be seen by a reference to Francis Okely's -_Memoir_ of him, and to the article in the _Penny Cyclopædia_ (vol. v. -p. 61.) written by Dr. Bialloblotzky; which, with the exception of a -few trifling errors, is carefully compiled. The true character of his -philosophy has been ably and fully described in the later writings of -William Law, especially in his _Animadversions on Dr. Trapp_ (at the end -of _An Appeal to all that Doubt or Disbelieve the Truths of Revelation_); -in _The Way to Divine Knowledge_; _The Spirit of Love_; his _Letters_; -and in the fragment of a _Dialogue_, prefixed to the first of the four -volumes in 4to. of Behmen's _Works_. - -Behmen's writings first became generally known in this country by -translations of the most important of them by a gentleman of the name -of Ellistone, and of minor ones by Mr. Humphrey Blunden and others. -Ellistone dying before he had completed the translation of the great work -upon _Genesis_, it was continued by his cousin, John Sparrow, a barrister -in the Temple; who also translated and published the remainder of -Behmen's writings in the English language. Respecting these individuals, -William Law, in a letter written in reply to one received from a Mr. -Stephen Penny, speaks in the following terms: - - "The translators of Jacob Behmen, Ellistone and Sparrow, are - much to be honoured for their work; they had great piety and - great abilities, and well apprehended their author, especially - Ellistone: but the translation is _too much loaded with words_, - and in many places _the sense is mistaken_.[2] - - "A new translator of Jacob Behmen is not to have it in - intention to make his author more intelligible by softening - or refining his language. His style is what it is, strange - and uncommon; not because he wanted learning and skill in - words, but because what he saw and conceived was quite new and - strange, never seen or spoken of before; and therefore if he - was to put it down in writing, words must be used to signify - that which they had never done before. - - "If it shall please God that I undertake this work, I shall - only endeavour to make Jacob Behmen speak as he would have - spoken, had he wrote in English. Secondly, to guard the reader - at certain places from wrong apprehensions of his meaning, by - adding here and there a note, as occasion requires. Thirdly, - and chiefly, by Prefaces or Introductions to prepare and direct - the reader in the true use of these writings. This last is most - of all necessary, and yet would be entirely needless, if the - reader would but observe Jacob Behmen's own directions. For - there is not an error, defect, or wrong turn, which the reader - can fall into, in the use of these books, but is most plainly - set before him by Jacob Behmen. - - "Many persons of learning in the last century read Jacob Behmen - with great earnestness; but it was only, as it were, to steal - from him certain mysteries of Nature, and to run away with the - philosopher's stone; and yet nowhere could they see the folly - and impossibility of their attempt so fully shown them, as by - Jacob Behmen himself." - -A well-engraved portrait of John Sparrow may occasionally be met with in -some of the small quarto English treatises of Behmen. - -The four-volume edition of Jacob Behmen's _Works_, in large 4to., -1764-81, is an unsatisfactory performance; having, in fact, nothing -in common with the projected edition by William Law, as expressed in -the above letter. Nevertheless, it has been useful in many respects; -especially as being instrumental in making the productions of Dion. -Andreas Freher more generally known. This edition, moreover, is -incomplete; as several important treatises, besides his Letters, are -entirely omitted. The order, too, in which the pieces are inserted from -the _Book of the Incarnation_ is altogether wrong. - -It is a common, but erroneous supposition, that William Law was the -editor of this edition. From his work, _The Way to Divine Knowledge_, -printed some years after the date of the letter quoted {247} above, it -appears that he intended to publish a new and correct translation of -Behmen's _Works_; but did not survive to accomplish it. He died in 1761, -before the first of the four volumes was published; and if he were in -any way identified with it, it could only be by some one or two of his -corrections (found in his own copy of the _Works_ after his decease) -being incorporated therein; but of this there is some uncertainty. -The Symbols, or Emblems, which are stated in the title-page of this -edition to have been "left by Mr. Law," were not his production, but -merely copies of the originals themselves. These were all designed by -the above Dionysius Andreas Freher, a learned German, who had resided -in this country from about the year 1695 till his death in 1728, in -illustration of his own systematic elucidations of the ground and -principles of the central philosophy of Deity and Nature, opened as a new -original, and _final_ revelation from God, in "his chosen instrument, -Behmen." It was, I believe, from Freher, that Francis Lee (see "N. & -Q." Vol. ii., p. 355.) became so deeply versed in the scope and design -of high supersensual and mystical truth. From the year 1740, Freher, -by his writings, demonstrations and diagrams, may be considered the -_closet-tutor_ of William Law at his philosophical retreat at King's -Cliffe, in respect to the great mysteries of Truth and Nature, the origin -and constitution of things, glanced at in what are popularly called Law's -later or mystical writings. - -Next to Behmen's _Works_, and coupled with those of Law, Freher's -writings and illustrations must, in regard to theosophical science, be -considered the most valuable and important in existence. Freher also -was personally acquainted with Gichtel, who was deeply imbued with the -philosophy of Jacob Behmen, viz. "_the fundamental opening of all the -powers that work both in Nature and Grace_;" and who, perhaps more than -any other individual, experimentally lived and _fathomed_ it. - -Freher's original manuscripts and copies of others (besides those -formerly in the possession of William Law), as well as the manuscripts -of Law and of Francis Lee, and some original documents relating to the -Philadelphian mystic author, Mrs. Jane Lead (Lee's mother-in-law) are -now in the possession of Mr. Christopher Walton, of Ludgate Street; who, -I understand, is on the eve of completing, for private circulation, a -voluminous account of these celebrated individuals. It will also contain, -if I am correctly informed, a representation of the whole nature and -scope of mystical divinity and theosophical science, as apprehensible -from an _orthodox_ evangelical--or, in a word, a _standard_ point of -view; as likewise of the nature and relations of the modern experimental -transcendentalism of Animal Magnetism, with its inductions of the trance -and _clairvoyance_, in respect to the _astral_ as well as _Divine_ magic; -with other similar recondite, but now lost, philosophy. But to return to -Behmen. - -The publication of the large edition of his _Works_ in question was -undertaken at the sole expense of Mrs. Hutcheson, one of the two ladies -who were Mr. Law's companions and friends in his retirement at King's -Cliffe, out of respect to his memory; and who furnished the books Mr. -Law left behind him relating to this object. The chief editor was a Mr. -George Ward, assisted by a Mr. Thomas Langcake, two former friends and -admirers of Law; who occasionally superintended his pieces through the -press, being then resident in London. And the reason of this edition not -being completed was, that both Mrs. Hutcheson and Mr. Ward died about the -time of the publication of the fourth volume; Mrs. Gibbon[3], the aunt of -the historian, it appears, not being willing to continue the publication. -All that these parties did as editors was, to take the original -translations, change the phraseology here and there without reference -to the German original (which language it is supposed they did not -understand), omit certain portions of the translator's Prefaces, alter -the capital letters of a few words, and conduct the treatises through the -press. - -The literary productions which have commanded the admiration and -approbation of such deep thinkers as Sir Isaac Newton[4], William Law, -Schelling, Hegel, and Coleridge, may perhaps, before long, be thought -worthy of republication. What is required is a well-edited and correct -translation of Behmen's entire _Works_, coupled with {248} those of -Freher, his great illustrator, (including also the Emblems, &c. of -Gichtel's German edition), and preceded by those of Law, which treat upon -the same subject, namely:--1. Answer to Hoadley on the Sacrament of the -Lord's Supper. 2. Christian Regeneration. 3. Animadversions on Dr. Trapp. -4. The Appeal. 5. The Way to Divine Knowledge. 6. The Spirit of Love. 7. -Confutation of Warburton. 8. Letters. - -To conclude. The following are the terms in which William Law speaks of -Behmen's writings in one of his letters: - - "Therein is opened the true ground of the unchangeable - _distinction between God and Nature_, making all nature, - whether temporal or eternal, its own proof that it is not, - cannot be, God, but purely and solely the _want_ of God; and - can be nothing else in itself but a restless painful want, till - a supernatural God manifests himself in it. This is a doctrine - which the learned of all ages have known nothing of; not a - book, ancient or modern, in all our libraries, has so much as - attempted to open the _ground_ of nature to show its _birth_ - and _state_, and its essential unalterable distinction from - the one _abyssal supernatural_ God; and how all the glories, - powers, and perfections of the hidden, unapproachable God, have - their wonderful manifestation in nature and creature." - -And on another occasion: - - "In the Revelation made to this wonderful man, the first - _beginning_ of _all_ things in eternity is opened; the whole - state, the _rise_, _workings_, and _progress_ of all Nature - is revealed; and every doctrine, mystery, and precept of the - Gospel is found, not to have sprung from any _arbitrary_ - appointment, but to have its _eternal_, _unalterable_ ground - and reason in Nature. And God appears to save us by the methods - of the Gospel, because there was no other possible way to save - us in all the possibility of Nature." - -And again: - - "Now, though the difference between God and Nature has always - been supposed and believed, yet the true ground of such - distinction, or the _why_, the _how_, and in _what_ they are - essentially different, and must be so to all eternity, was to - be found in no books, till the goodness of God, in a way not - less than that of _miracle_, made a poor illiterate man, in the - simplicity of a child, to open and relate the deep mysterious - _ground of all things_." - -Thus much upon the "reveries" of our "poor possessed cobbler." It may be -well to add, that Freher's writings (in sequence to those of Law above -named) are all but essential for the proper understanding of Behmen, -especially of his descriptions of the _generation of Nature_, as to its -_seven_ properties, _two_ co-eternal principles, and _three_ constituent -parts: which is the deepest and most difficult point of all others to -apprehend rightly (that is, with intellectual clearness, as well as -sensitively in our own spiritual regeneration), and indeed the key to -every mystery of truth and life. - -J. YEOWELL. - -Hoxton. - -[Footnote 2: This remark especially applies to the _Answer_ to the fourth -of the _Theosophic Questions_.] - -[Footnote 3: Among the papers of this lady were found, after her decease, -several letters to her from her nephew, Edward Gibbon, the historian, -and his friend Lord Sheffield, from which it would appear that the -religious views of the former had, at least from the year 1788, undergone -considerable change. From one of these interesting letters, shortly -to be published, I have been kindly permitted to make the following -extract:--"Whatever you may have been told of my opinions, I can assure -you with truth, that I consider religion as the best guide of youth, and -the best support of old age; that I firmly believe there is less real -happiness in the business and pleasures of the world, than in the life -which you have chosen of devotion and retirement."] - -[Footnote 4: William Law, in the _Appendix_ to the second edition of -his _Appeal to all that Doubt or Disbelieve the Truths of the Gospel_, -p. 314., 1756, mentions that among the papers of Newton (now in Trinity -College, Cambridge) were found many autograph extracts from the _Works_ -of Behmen. This is also confirmed in an unpublished letter, now before -me, from Law to Dr. Cheyne in answer to his inquiries on this points. Law -affirms that Newton derived his system of fundamental powers from Behmen; -and that he avoided mentioning Behmen as the originator of his system, -lest it should come into disrepute.] - - * * * * * - - -INSCRIPTIONS ON BELLS. - -(Vol. vi., p. 554.; Vol. vii., pp. 454. 633.; Vol. viii., p. 108.) - -Himbleton, Worcestershire: - - 1. "Jesus be our GOD-speed. 1675." - - 2. "All prayse and glory be to GOD for ever. 1675." - - 3. "John Martin of Worcester, he made wee; - Be it known to all that do wee see. 1675." - - 4. "All you that hear my roaring sound, - Repent before you lie in ground. 1675." - -Hanley Castle, Worcestershire: - - 1. "Ring vs trve, - We praise you. A.R. 1699." - - 2. "God prosper all our benefactors. A.R. 1699." - - 3. "God save yᵉ King. - Abrᵃ Rudhall cast vs all. 1699." - - 4. "God save yᵉ King and yᵉ Chvrch. 1699." - - 5. "Abrᵃ Rudhall cast vs all. 1699." - - 6. "Jas. Badger, minister. Rd. Ross, Gorle Chetle, C. W. 1699." - -From the ten bells of St. Thomas's Church, Dudley (rebuilt 1816), the -following are the most remarkable: - - 5. "William, Viscount Dudley and Ward; - To doomsday may the name descend-- - Dudley, and the poor man's friend."[5] - - 6. "Ring and bid thee cry Georgius Rex III., England, thy - Sovereign's name. GOD save the King. T. Mean of London, 1818." - -Of the eight bells in St. Mary's Church, Kidderminster, the following are -the inscriptions on the first five: - - 1. "When you us ring - We'll sweetly sing. 1754." - - 2. "The gift of the Rt. Hon. Lord Foley. 1754." - - 3. "Fear GOD and honour the King. 1754." - - 4. "Peace and good neighbourhood. 1754." - - 5. "Prosperity to this parish and trade. 1754." - -There is a small bell (dated 1780) which is commonly called the -"Ting-tang," and is rung for the last five minutes before each service, -which bears the appropriate inscription: - - "Come away, - Make no delay." - -{249} - -On one of the bells of Burford Church, near Tenbury, is the following -inscription: - - "At service-time I sound, - And at the death of men; - To serve your GOD, and well to die, - Remember then." - -The inscriptions on the bells of St. Helen's Church, Worcester, are very -singular; the names they bear tell their date: - - 1. "_Blenheim._ - - First is my note, and Blenheim is my name; - For Blenheim's story will be first in fame." - - 2. "_Barcelona._ - - Let me relate how Louis did bemoan - His grandson Philip's flight from Barcelon." - - 3. "_Ramilies._ - - Deluged in blood, I, Ramilies, advance - Britannia's glory in the fall of France." - - 4. "_Menin._ - - Let Menin on my sides engraven be, - And Flanders freed from Gallic slavery." - - 5. "_Turin._ - - When in harmonious peal I roundly go, - Think on Turin, and triumph of the Po." - - 6. "_Eugene._ - - With joy I bear illustrious Eugene's name, - Fav'rite of Fortune, and the boast of fame." - - 7. "_Marlborough._ - - But I, with pride, the greater Marlborough bear. - Terror of tyrants, and the soul of war." - - 8. "_Queen Ann._ - - Th' immortal praises of Queen Ann I sound; - With union blest, and all those glories crown'd." - -In Clifton-on-Teme Church (dedicated to St. Kenelm) are the two following -bell-inscriptions, the second of which appears to contain a date: - - "Per Kenelmi merita sit nobis cœlica vita." - - "HenrICVs Ieffreyes KeneLMo DeVoVIt." - -The following are from the six bells of Kinver Church, Worcestershire: - - 1. "In Christo solo spem meam repono. A.R. 1746." - - 2. "Cui Deus pater ecclesia est mater. A.R. 1746." - - 3. "In suo templo numen adoro. A.R. 1746." - - 4. "We were all cast at Gloucester by Abel Rudhall, 1746. Fac - manus puras cœlo attollas." - - 5. "Jos. Lye and John Lowe, churchwardens, A.R. 1746. Opem - petentibus subvenit Deus." - - 6. "Wᵐ Gosnell and Sam. Brown, churchwardens. John Rudhall - _fect._ 1790." - -CUTHBERT BEDE, B.A. - -[Footnote 5: The worthy nobleman's _sobriquet_ must not be confounded -with a popular ointment.] - - * * * * * - - -PASSAGE IN MILTON. - - "And every shepherd tells his tale - Under the hawthorn, in the dale." - -I have read with interest the "Notes" (Vol. i., pp. 286. 316.) on these -lines of the Allegro; because, in spite of early prepossession in favour -of the idea commonly attached to them, I was converted some years ago, by -the late Mr. Constable, R.A., whose close observation of rural scenery -and employments no one can question. - -His account of the matter was this: - - "It is usual in Suffolk, and I have seen it often myself, for - the shepherd, assisted by another man or boy, to make the whole - flock pass through a gap, in order to facilitate the _tale_. - One fellow drives them through the opening, by moving about, - shouting, and clapping his hands, while his comrade, on the - other side of the hedge, and under cover of a thorn or other - thick bush, counts them as they leap through. I have not only - seen but assisted, when a boy, at the shepherd's tale; and I - do believe Milton had no other idea in his mind. For, indeed, - the early morning is not the time the poets choose for lovers - to woo, or maids to listen; and Milton has described a scene - where all were up and stirring. Neither is the word 'every' - appropriate, according to the common interpretation of the - passage; _every_ shepherd would not woo on the same spot; but - that spot might be particularly favourable for making the tale - of his sheep." - -Your correspondent J. M. M. adduces an argument in favour of the romantic -_versus_ the pastoral, which seems to me entirely devoid of weight. He -thinks that Handel's "'Let no wander' breathes the shepherd's tale of -love." Surely there is more imagination than truth in this. There is a -_series_ of images in the words of that song: it was necessary, unless -the music varied unreasonably to suit them all, to choose a pleasing, but -not very significant, melody, and, above all, to make the close of it a -fit introduction for the "merry bells," and "jocund Rebecs," which burst -in immediately after. I confess I find nothing of the amatory style in -Handel's setting of the two disputed lines. He chose the Pastorale or 6/8 -time, as for "He shall feed his flock," "O lovely Peace," &c. But were it -so, I could not admit Handel as an authority, because, as a foreigner, -and an inhabitant of towns, he could not possibly be conversant with the -rural customs of England. - -S. R. - - * * * * * - - -DESIGNED FALSE ENGLISH RHYMES. - -(Vol. vii., p. 483.) - -I was much surprised to see in your paper such a lengthened defence of -Irish rhymes by a reference to those of English poets, and particularly -to Pope. I thought it was well known that he, at last, became sensible of -the cloying effect of his never-varying melody, and sought to relieve it -by deviations {250} from propriety. This is particularly remarkable in -his Homer, where he has numerous Irish rhymes like "peace" and "race:" -besides "war" and "car;" "far," "dare;" with many other still more -barbarous metres. But all those were by regular design for, if ever poet -"lisped in numbers," it was he; and "the numbers came" at his command. -He introduced those uncouth rhymes to somewhat _roughen_ his too long -continued melody, just as certain discords are allowed in great musical -compositions. It showed good judgment, for they are an agreeable change -by variation. Other English poets too have false rhymes; for even Gray, -in his celebrated Elegy, has "toil" and "smile;" "abode" and "God." - -But, with respect to Irish poets, Swift should not have been mentioned at -all because, with perhaps the exception of his "Cadenus and Vanessa," his -poetry was of the doggerel kind; and he purposely used Irish rhymes and -debased English. Thus, in the "Lady's Dressing-room:" - - "Five hours, and who could do it less in? - By haughty Celia spent in dressing." - -Will any one say it was through ignorance that he did not sound the _g_ -in dressing? Pope, in his "Eloisa to Abelard," which is sweetness to -excess, concludes with: - - "He best can paint 'em who has felt 'em most." - -Why this is a downright vulgarism compared to Swift's open and -undisguised doggerel: - - "_Libertas et natale solum_: - Fine words! I wonder where you stole 'em." - -Leaving Swift out of the question, Irish poets are much more careful -about their rhymes than the English; because they know that what would -be excused or overlooked in them, would be deemed ignorance on their own -parts. I venture to assert, that there are more false rhymes in Pope's -_Iliad_ alone than in all the poems of Goldsmith and Moore together; -though I must again observe that those of Pope were all intentional. - -A. B. C. - - * * * * * - - -ATTAINMENT OF MAJORITY. - -(Vol. viii., p. 198.) - -A. E. B. has not quoted quite correctly. He has put two phrases of mine -into Italics, which makes them appear to have special relation to one -another, while the word which _I_ put in Italics, "_ninth_," he has made -to be "9th." Farther, he has left out some words. The latter part should -run thus, the words left out being in brackets: - - "... though he were born [a minute before midnight] on the - 10th, he is of age to execute a settlement at a minute after - midnight on the morning of the 9th, forty-eight hours all - but two minutes before he has drawn breath for the space of - twenty-one years." - -Had the quotation been correct, it would have been better seen that I -no more make the day of majority begin a minute after midnight, than I -make the day of birth end a minute before midnight. A second, or even the -tenth of a second, would have done as well. - -The _old reckoning_, of which I was speaking, was the reckoning which -rejects fractions; and the matter in question was the _day_. For my -illustration, any beginning of the day would have done as well as any -other; on this I must refer to the paper itself. Nevertheless, I was -correct in implying that the day by which age is reckoned begins at -midnight and I believe it began at midnight in the time of Ben Jonson. -The law recognised two kinds of days;--the natural day of twenty-four -hours, the artificial day from sunrise to sunset. The birthday, and with -it the day of majority, would needs be the natural day; for otherwise a -child not born by daylight would have no birthday at all. I cannot make -out that the law ever recognised a day of twenty-four hours beginning -at any hour except midnight. For payment of rent, the artificial day -was recognised, and the tenant was required to tender at such time -before sunset as would leave the landlord time to count the money by -daylight; a reasonable provision, when we think upon the vast number of -different coins which were legal tender. But even here it seems to have -been held that though the landlord might enter at sunset, the forfeiture -could not be enforced if the rent were paid before midnight. A legal -friend suggested to me that perhaps Ben Jonson had more experience of -the terminus of the day as between landlord and tenant, than of that -which emancipates a minor. This would not have struck me: but a lawyer -views man simply as the agent or patient in distress, ejectment, _quo -warranto_, &c. - -A. E. B. twice makes the question refer to _usage_, whereas I was -describing _law_. If I were as well up in the drama as I should like to -be, I might perhaps find a modern plot which turns upon a minor coming of -age, in which the first day of majority is what is commonly called the -_birthday_, instead of, as it ought to be, the day before. Writers of -fiction have in all times had fictitious law. If we took decisions from -the novelists of our own day, we should learn, among other things, that -married women can in all circumstances make valid wills, and that the -destruction of the parchment and ink which compose the material of a deed -is also the destruction of all power to claim under it. - -Singularly enough, this is the second case in which my paper on reckoning -has been both misquoted and misapprehended in "N. & Q." My knowledge of -the existence of this periodical began with a copy of No. 7. (containing -p. 107., Vol. i.), forwarded to me by the courtesy of the Editor, on -{251} account of a Query signed (not A. E. B. but) B., affirming that I -had "discovered a flaw in the great Johnson!" Now it happened that the -flaw was described, even in B.'s own quotation from me, as "certainly not -Johnson's mistake, for he was a clear-headed arithmetician." B. gave me -half a year to answer; and then, no answer appearing, privately forwarded -the printed Query, with a request to know whether the readers of "N. & -Q." were not of a class sufficiently intelligent to appreciate a defence -from me. The fact was, that I thought them too intelligent to need it, -after the correction (by B. himself, in p. 127.) of the misquotation. -It is not in letters as in law, that Judgment must be signed for the -plaintiff if the defendant do not appear. There is also an anonymous -octavo tract, mostly directed, or at least (so far as I have read) much -directed, against the arguments of the same article, and containing, -misapprehensions of a similar kind. That my unfortunate article should be -so misunderstood in three distinct quarters, is, I am afraid, sufficient -presumption against its clearness; and shows me that _obscures fio_ is, -as much as ever, the attendant of _brevis esse laboro_: but I am still -fully persuaded of the truth of the conclusions. - -A. DE MORGAN. - - * * * * * - - -LADY PERCY, WIFE OF HOTSPUR (DAUGHTER OF EDMUND MORTIMER, EARL OF MARCH), -AND JANE SEYMOUR'S ROYAL DESCENT. - -(Vol. vii., p. 42. Vol. viii., pp. 104. 184) - -The mischief that arises from apparently the most trifling inaccuracy -in a statement of fact is scarcely to be estimated. A mistake is -repeated, multiplied, and perpetuated often to an extent that no after -rectification can thoroughly efface. Blunders even become sacred by -antiquity; and the attempt to correct any misstatement, if it does not -entirely fail through the subsequent destruction of evidence that would -have contained the refutation, is frequently received with a coldness -and suspicion, and can seldom, with every aid from undoubted sources, -be brought to prevail against the more familiar and preconceived -impression. An illustration of this may be seen in the reference made -by your correspondent C. V. to the authority of Dugdale, as overriding -the result of later investigations relative to the issue respectively -of the fifth and seventh Lords Clifford of Westmoreland. The loose and -ill-advised assertion of Miss Strickland, intended as it clearly was to -insinuate a mean origin in Jane Seymour, and to lessen her pretension -to an exalted birth, has fortunately received a most complete and -signal disproof; but a question is now raised, which, if it can be -supported, will suit Miss Strickland's view quite as well as her own -inconclusive statement. I cannot but think that what she wished to say -is, as hinted in the suggestion of C. V., that the claim contended for -cannot be supported through the alleged marriage of a Wentworth with -the descendant of Elizabeth Percy, because Elizabeth, Lady Percy's only -daughter, Lady Elizabeth de Percy, who married John, Lord Clifford, is -by _some_ ancient heralds stated to have left no daughter. This would -have been an intelligible assertion, and not entirely inconsistent with -what may be gathered from peerages, and other works compiled solely upon -the authority of Dugdale; and it is indeed the very point of difficulty -contemplated by your learned correspondent C.V., who if I do not mistake -the signature, is himself an authority entitled to much respect. - -Dugdale, Collins, and Nicolas make the intermarriage of Wentworth to have -taken place with a daughter of Roger, fifth Lord Clifford; and Dugdale -and Collins are silent as to any female issue of John, the seventh Lord. -Edmondson (_Baronagium Genealogicum_, vol. iv. p. 364.) adopts the same -conclusion; but no higher authority is cited by any one of the above -writers, upon which to found this statement. On the other hand, both -Collins and Edmondson, in the Wentworth pedigree, show the marriage -of Sir Philip Wentworth, of Nettlested, to have taken place with a -daughter of John, seventh Lord Clifford. Edmondson describes the daughter -as _Elizabeth_; but Collins more accurately calls her _Mary_. Banks -(_Baronage_, vol. ii. p. 90.) gives both statements with an asterisk, -implying a doubt as to which of the two is to be accepted. - -The Pembroke MS. contains a summary of the lives of the Veteriponts, -Cliffords, and the Earls of Cumberland, compiled from original documents -and family records for the celebrated Lady Anne Countess Dowager of -Pembroke, daughter and sole heir of George Clifford, Earl of Cumberland, -who died in 1605. This valuable collection gives the most minute -particulars and anecdotes connected with the ancient family of the Lords -Clifford and their descendants, and being a few years anterior in date -to the publication of Dugdale's _Baronage_, the information contained -there is entitled to the greatest possible weight as an original and -independent authority. - -In this MS. (a copy of which is in the British Museum, Harl. 6177.) -the descendants of Roger, fifth Lord Clifford, are named, but there is -no mention of any daughter who formed an alliance with a Wentworth. -Afterwards come the issue of the marriage of John, seventh Lord Clifford, -with Elizabeth Percy, the only daughter of Henry Lord Percy, surnamed -Hotspur, son to Henry Earl of Northumberland. - - "This Elizabeth Percy was one of the greatest women of her - time, both for her birth and her marriages, &c. Their eldest - son, Thomas de Clifford, succeeded his father both in his lands - and honours, &c. {252} Henry, their second son, died without - issue, but is mentioned in the articles of his brother's - marriage. Mary Clifford, married to Sir Philip Wentworth, Kt., - of whom descended the Lords Wentworth that are now living, and - the Earl of Straffod, and the Earl of Cleveland." - -To which of the above statements must we give credit? If Dugdale be -right, there will appear a startling discrepance in the ages of the two -persons who are presumed to have formed the alliance in question; whereas -if the filiation given in the Pembroke MS. is relied upon, their ages -will be quite consistent, and all the other circumstances perfectly in -accordance. - -Roger, fifth Lord Clifford, was born and baptized at Brougham on the -20th of July, 7 Edw. III., 1333; his eldest son Thomas, sixth lord, was -born circa 1363, being twenty-six years old at his father's death, which -happened on 13th July, 1389, in the fifty-sixth year of his age. Thomas -Lord Clifford died on 4th of October, 1392, leaving his son and heir John -(seventh Lord Clifford) an infant of about three years old. This lord -married the Lady Elizabeth de Percy circa 1413, and his eldest son was -born on 20th of August, 1414: he died on 13th March, 1422. - -The wife of Sir Philip Wentworth, were she a daughter of Roger, fifth -Lord Clifford, must have been born between 1363 and 1389; if a daughter -of John, seventh Lord Clifford, she must have been born between 1414 and -1422. - -In my former note, it was shown that the father and mother of Sir Philip -Wentworth were married before June, 1423; that Sir Philip was born circa -1424, and married in 1447; and that his eldest son, Henry Wentworth, -being thirty years of age at his grandmother's death in 1478, must have -been born circa 1448. It is therefore clear, that if his wife, Mary de -Clifford, were a daughter of the fifth Lord Clifford, she could not have -been less than thirty-five years older than her husband, and sixty years -old when her eldest son was born. On the other supposition, she may have -been about the same age with her husband, or perhaps two or three years -only his senior. - -Can there then be any longer a doubt that this is a mistake of Dugdale? -The other eminent genealogists, cited by your correspondent, have adopted -the statement without farther investigation and upon no better authority, -and the error has thus become familiarised by constant repetition. Had -the misrepresentation been set right in the first instance, your readers -would have been spared the infliction of this lengthy confutation, Miss -Strickland herself protected from the humiliation of a defeat, "in daring -to dispute a pedigree with King Henry VIII.;" and some of the numerous -living descendants of the Protector Somerset been saved from much concern -at finding a pedigree demolished, through which they had been wont to -cherish the harmless vanity of being allied to the honour of a royal -lineage. - -W. H. - - * * * * * - - -PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE. - -_Three New Processes by Mr. Lyte._--Will you kindly allow me room in -your pages for the insertion of the following three processes, which may -not, perhaps, be uninteresting to some of your readers? The first is -respecting a very excellent combination with which to excite collodion. -The second is on the subject of a capital developing agent, and, I -believe, a partially new one. The third, a certain improvement in the -production of positives on albumen paper. - -To make my collodion, I use the Swedish filtering paper, as recommended -by the Count de Montizon, Mr. Crookes, &c., not so much on account of -its superior properties, as the easier manipulation, and the greater -certainty of obtaining a completely soluble substance. Having obtained a -clear and tolerably thick collodion, take - - Rectified spirits of wine 1 oz. - Iodide of ammonium 45 grs. - Bromide of ammonium 12 grs. - Chloride of ammonium 1 gr. - -Iodide of silver, freshly precipitated from the ammoniated nitrate, as -much as the solution thus produced will take up--a small excess, which -will settle at the bottom, will not signify. Nearly the same compound, -one which is equally good, is produced as follows. Take - - Rectified spirits of wine 1 oz. - Iodide of ammonium 50 grs. - Bromide of ammonium 12 grs. - Chloride of silver 5 grs. - -Whichever of these two sensitizers is used, take 1½ drachms, and add to -every ounce of the collodion. - -Collodion thus prepared is _most_ rapid in its action, giving a deep -negative (with Ross's sixteen guinea lens, and the developing agent -I shall hereafter describe) in ten seconds in clear weather, and -instantaneous positive pictures, which may be afterwards darkened with -the solution of terchloride of gold, in chloride of ammonium. It does -not easily solarize, and, what is best of all, gives the most pleasing -half-tones. - -I find it preferable, in taking landscapes, to rather increase the -quantity of the iodide of ammonium, in order to give complete opacity to -the sky; but if the operator pleases, he may produce the most admirable -effect with the above-named proportions, by painting in clouds at the -back of the plate with Indian ink: and this latter plan is preferable, as -the addition of more of the iodide lowers the half-tones. - -{253} - -If more of the chloride than above specified be added, it will cause the -plate to blacken all over during development, before the extreme lights -are fully brought up. - -My developing agent is made as follows. Take - - Distilled water 10 oz. - Pyrogallic acid 6 grs. - Formic acid 1 oz. - -The latter is not to be the concentrated acid, but merely the commercial -strength. These, when mixed, form so powerful a developing agent, that -the picture is brought out in its full intensity, almost instantly, -while at the same time all the deep shades are quite unaffected, and the -half-tones come out with a brilliancy I have never seen before. - -Another excellent developing agent is composed as follows. Take - - Distilled water 10 oz. - Sulphuric acid 3 drops. - Protosulphate of iron ½ oz. - Formic acid 1 oz. - -The formic acid is also a most capital addition to the protonitrate -of iron, and either this or the former liquid produce most brilliant -positives leaving a fine coating of white dead silver. I may also make -mention of the improvement I have made in the albumen paper, which -consists in the introduction of the chloride of barium into the albumen, -in place of chloride of ammonium or chloride of sodium. Take - - Water 6 oz. - Albumen 6 oz. - Chloride of barium 7¼ dr. - -Whip these up, till they are converted entirely into a white froth; when -this has settled into liquid, pour it into a tall jar, and allow the -precipitate, which will then separate, to settle completely, and strain -the supernatant liquid through fine muslin. The paper, being laid on the -surface of this fluid for a space of from five to ten minutes, may be -taken off and hung up by a crooked pin to dry, and then ironed. It is to -be sensitized with nitrate of silver, 120 grains to the ounce of water. -The setting liquid I use is prepared according to the formula given by me -in Vol. vii., p. 534. of your journal, except that I prefer to use half -to one grain of pyrogallic acid, and 120 grains of chloride of silver. -This paper must be soaked for a few minutes or so in rain water, after -being printed, before being placed in the hypo.; the presence in the -water of any salt seems to destroy the tone of this paper. - -Florian, Torquay. - -_Muller's Processes--Sisson's Developing Solution._--I am glad to find -that I have called the attention of your photographic correspondents to -Mr. Muller's process, as detailed in _The Athenæum_ of Nov. 22, 1851, -which seems to have been strangely overlooked and neglected. As your -correspondents have induced you to reprint the article, perhaps you will -also yield to my request, and reprint an article from the same journal of -later date (Jan. 10, 1852) containing another process, more economical -and more sensitive than the other, invented also by Mr. Muller, and the -value of which I have proved. In that, as in the other, there is no -developing agent required. To save time I have copied from my note-book -the article itself, and append it to this communication. - -A photographer of several years' standing informs me that my developing -solution produces excellent negatives upon glass, and that he has been -trying it as a bath with success. He writes me:--"I use your developing -solution for negatives only; and by using a very small opening, say about -3/10ths of an inch diameter, single achromatic lens, I have produced -negatives in one minute, which print most beautiful bright positives. -The views I have taken and developed with your solution were without -sunshine, the sky very cloudy, three o'clock p.m. The collodion was -prepared by Messrs. Knight & Son." - -Since I received his letter I have tried a negative so developed, with -the best success; and I attribute the success to the fact that you may -go on developing with that solution any length of time almost, without -any fear of spoiling the negative, thus getting thickness of deposit; and -that the deposit on pictures taking so long a time to develop has a very -perceptible yellow tinge, which, like the gold in Professor Maconochie's -method (detailed in _Photographic Journal_ for this month), stops the -chemical rays. - -J. LAWSON SISSON. - -Edingthorpe Rectory. - -"Patna, India, Nov. 9, 1851. - -"Plain paper is floated on a bath of acetonitrate of silver, prepared of -25 grs. of nitrate of silver, 1 fluid oz. of water, 60 minims of strong -acetic acid. When well moistened on one side, the paper is removed, and -lightly dried with blotting-paper; it is then placed with the prepared -side downwards on the surface of a bath of hydriodate of iron (8 grs. -of the iodide in 1 oz. of silver). It is not allowed to remain on this -solution, for if this were the case it would become almost insensitive. -The silvered surface must be simply moistened with the hydriodate--the -object being to get a minimum quantity of it diffused equally over the -silvered surface. The photographer accustomed to delicacy of manipulation -will find no difficulty in this. While still wet the paper is placed upon -a glass (face downwards), and exposed in the {254} camera for periods -varying from 10 to 60 seconds, according to circumstances. In sunshine, -and when the object to be copied is bright, 5 seconds in this climate -(India) is sufficient. Excellent portraits are obtained in shade in 30 -seconds; 60 seconds is the maximum of exposure. The picture is removed -from the camera and allowed to develop itself spontaneously in the dark, -then soaked in water, and fixed in the usual manner with the hyposulphite -of soda."--_Athenæum_, Jan. 10, 1852. - - * * * * * - - -Replies to Minor Queries. - -_Alterius Orbis Papa_ (Vol. iii., p. 497.)--It was Pope Urban II. who, -at the Council of Bari, in Apulia, gave this title to St. Anselm, -the cotemporary Archbishop of Canterbury, who was present, and, in a -learned and eloquent discourse, confuted the Greeks. See Laud's _Works_ -(Ang.-Cath. Lib.), vol. ii. p. 190.: note where the authorities William -of Malmesbury and John Capgrave are cited. - -E. H. A. - -_"All my eye"_ (Vol. vii., p. 525.).--An _earlier use_ of this "cant -phrase" than that given by MR. DANIEL may be found in Archbishop -Bramhall's _Answer to the Epistle of M. de la Milletière_, which answer -was first published in 1653:-- - - "Fifthly, suppose (all this notwithstanding) such a conference - should hold, what reason leave you to promise to yourself - such success, as to obtain so easy a victory? You have had - conferences and conferences again at Poissy and other places, - and gained by them just as much as you might _put in your eye - and see never the worse_."--Bramhall's _Works_, vol. i. pp. - 68-9., edit. Ox. 1842. - -The Archbishop elsewhere makes use of the same expression. Of its origin -I can say nothing nor of "over the left." - -R. BLAKISTON. - -_"Clamour your tongues," &c._ (Vol. viii., p. 169.).--Surely, surely, the -"_clame_ water," in H. C. K.'s extract from _The Castel of Helthe_, and -which is set in an antithetical opposition to "a _rough_ water," is only -_calme_ water; by that common metathesis which gives us _briddes_ for -birds, _brunt_ for burnt, &c. - -H. T. GRIFFITH. - -_Spiked Maces represented in the Windows of the Abbey Church, Great -Malvern._--There is an instrument of this nature described by some -of the martyrologists under the name of "Scorpio," and figured by -Hieronymus Magius (Jerome Maggi) in his treatise _De Equuleo_. It is -there represented as a thick stick, set with iron points, and was used, -together with rods, and the plumbetæ or loaded chain scourges, to torment -the confessors. - -I am inclined to think, however, that the weapons represented in the -windows at Great Malvern are intended for morning stars, which were much -employed in arming the watch in the cities of northern Europe in the -Middle Ages, and at a later period as well. This weapon (a variety of -which was called holy-water sprinkle, from the brush-like arrangement of -its spikes) had a long shaft like a halbert, and is often introduced in -paintings of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, as borne by the -Jewish guard who appear in the various scenes of Our Lord's Passion. - -Of course the artists represented their characters as wearing the -dress and provided with arms of their own period; as we see the Roman -soldiers at the foot of the cross in some German and Dutch pictures, mere -portraits of the sworders and swashbucklers of the seventeenth century. - -I may mention that a weapon of this coarse description is generally put -into the hands of a ruffian, or at least of some very inferior character. -In _La Mort D'Artur_, Sir Lancelot encounters on a bridge "a passing foul -churl," who disputes his passage, and "lashes at him with a great club, -full of iron pins." - -I remember seeing a barbarous weapon taken from a piratical vessel, which -consisted of a massive wooden club, heavily loaded with lead, furnished -with a spike at the smaller end, and thickly studded with iron nails, -tenter hooks, and the hammers of gun locks. This was something like the -old Danish club. - -W. J. BERNHARD SMITH. - -Oxford. - -_Ampers and (& or &)_ [Transcriber's note: Two different typefaces.] -(Vol. viii., p. 173.).--"N. & Q." has exhibited a forgetfulness, of which -he is very seldom guilty. If he and his correspondent MR. MANSFIELD -INGLEBY will refer to Vol. ii., p. 230., they will find the same question -asked by MR. M. A. LOWER and if they will turn over the leaves to p. -284., they will find an answer by Φ., which he now begs to repeat. The -word designated is _and-per-se-and_. Curiously enough, the first of the -above printed symbols seeing to have been formed from Φ.'s explanation, -that it was nothing more than a flourishing "et." - -Φ. - -_Its_ (Vol. viii., p. 12.).--In compliance with the request of your -correspondent B. H. C., I have the pleasure to inform him that in Richard -Burnfields _Poems_ (reprinted by James Boswell for the Roxburgh Club), -"The Complaint of Poetrie for the death of Liberalitie," 1598, is one of -the pieces, and on the first page of signature C. the word _its_ occurs, -but as a contraction of _it is_: - - "The maimed souldier comming from the warre; - The woefull wight, whose house was lately burnd; - The sillie soule; the woful traueylar; - And all, whom Fortune at her feet hath spurnd; - Lament the losse of Liberalitie; - _Its_ ease to haue in griefe some companie." - -{255} - -While on the opposite page we have "_it_ soule" for "_its_ soule," thus: - - "But as a woefull mother doeth lament, - Her tender babe, with cruel death opprest; - Whose life was spotlesse, pure and innocent, - (And therefore sure _it_ soule is gone to rest): - So Bountie, which herselfe did upright keepe, - Yet for her losse, loue cannot chuse but weepe." - -May not this lead to the conclusion that it was to avoid confusion with -the ellipsis of _it is_, that the possessive case was thus written _it_? - -S. W. SINGER. - -_"Hip, hip, hurrah!"_ (Vol. viii., pp. 20. 185.).--No one, I think, who -heard the cheering of the ships' companies at the late naval review can -doubt that CHEVERELL'S explanation of "hip, hip," is the true one. They -are not _words_, but interjectional _sounds_; with no other meaning than -to prepare for and _time_ the coming "hurrah!" When the men are ready to -cheer, the boatswain's mate gives the signal "hip, hip," and then follows -the general "hurrah!" This practice is adopted in public assemblies -for the same reason--to ensure concert and unity in the final cheer. -"Hurrah!" also I take (_pace_ Sir F. Palgrave) to be a mere _sound_: a -_natural_ exclamation of pleasure, with no more instrinsic meaning than -"Oh!" or "Ah!" for pain, or "Bah!" for contempt. It surely can have no -connexion with the phrase of old Norman law--"clameurs de haro:" for -"haro" is an exclamation of dissent and opposition. "Crier _haro_ sur -quelqu'un," is to excite mischief and scandal against him--the very -reverse of _hurrah_! - -C. - -_Derivation of "Wellesley"_ (Vol. viii., p. 173.).--In reply to J. M., I -think the following particulars I may not be uninteresting to him. There -is good reason to believe that the name of Wellesley was derived from an -ancient manor about one mile south of Wells, called Wellesleigh, which -once, belonged to the Bishops of Bath and Wells. It is certain that a -family called "De Wellsleigh" lived, and held considerable lands in this -manor at a very remote period. In 1253, a Philip de Wellsleigh, and in -1349 another of the same name, are recorded as holding part of the manor -of the Bishops of Bath and Wells. These lands, with the serjeanty and -office of bailiff and "cryer of the hundred," passed into the family of -the Hills of Spaxton, A.D. 1435. In 7 Henry VII., John Stourton held half -a knight's fee in this manor: "formerly held by William de Wellsleigh." -I have an original deed in my possession dated 26th Edward I., being a -feoffment or grant of lands in Dinder (an adjoining parish) by William Le -Fleming, "Dn̄s de Dynder," in which "Thomas de Welesleȝe" and "Robert de -Welesleȝe" (so the name is spelt) are, among others, named as witnesses. -This manor was held by the Bishops of Bath and Wells until the time of -Ralph de Salopia (succeeded A.D. 1329, died A.D. 1363), who gave it to -the vicars choral of the cathedral, by who it has been held down to the -last year (1852), when they sold the fee of it to Robert Charles Tudway, -Esq., M.P. for Wells. - -INA. - -Wells. - -_Penny-come-quick_ (Vol. viii., pp. 8. 113. 184.).--Your correspondents -on the subject of this name do not appear to be aware that there is a -place also so called in Ireland: a small public-house, and one or two -others, on the high road between Wicklow and Arklow, near the sea-shore, -three miles north of the latter town. In Taylor and Skinners Road Maps of -Ireland (1776), it is spelled "Penny-_con_-quick." I have been there, and -do not think that the site countenances H. C. K.'s ingenious etymology. - -C. - -_Eugene Aram's Comparative Lexicon_ (Vol. vii., p. 597.).--MR. E. S. -TAYLOR will perhaps be glad to know that specimens of the above _Lexicon_ -were printed at the end of a small work published about twenty-five years -since by Mr. Bell of Richmond (Yorkshire), entitled _The Trial and Life -of Eugene Aram_. - -NORRIS DECK. - -Cambridge. - -_Wooden Tombs and Effigies_ (Vol. vii., pp. 528. 607., &c.).--At -Sparsholt, Berks, in the south transept are two female effigies of wood, -under sepulchral arches, richly carved in stone: one of them is engraved -in Hollis's _Monuments_. At Burghfield and Barkham, in the same county, -are also wooden effigies of the fourteenth century. - -At Hildersham Church, Cambridgeshire, within the altar rails, on the -north side, is a wooden monument of a knight and his lady: the knight -cross-legged, and drawing his sword. They are said to be the effigies of -Sir Thomas Busteler and lady, temp. Edward II. - -NORRIS DECK. - -Cambridge. - -_Queen Anne's Motto_ (Vol. viii., p. 174.).--By an order of the queen -in council, 17th of April, 1707, consequent upon the union of Scotland -with England, it was declared in what manner the ensigns armorial of the -United Kingdom (called Great Britain) should thenceforth be borne; when -it was also declared that her majesty's motto, "Semper eadem," should be -_continued_. - -G. - -_Longevity_ (Vol. vii., p. 368. &c.).--Several of the upland parishes -bordering on the river Yare have had remarkable instances of longevity. -One of the best authenticated was a man named Pottle, who resided on the -Reedham estate of the late J. F. Leathes, Esq., of Herringfleet. When -Pottle was 104 years old, the tenantry on the estate subscribed to have -his portrait painted, {256} which they presented to their landlord, each -retaining a lithograph copy of it. Many of these copies I have seen. Two -years after this I conversed with the old man, who was then keeping cows -on a common. There was nothing remarkable about him except his voice, -which was very loud and powerful. He has now been dead some time, but I -do not know his exact age at death. - -In the register of burials for the parish of Runham, Norfolk, is this -entry: - - "August 12, 1788. William Russels, aged One hundred and one - years." - -The clergyman has entered the age in round text-hand, evidently that the -entry might not escape notice. - -E. G. R. - -_Irish Bishops as English Suffragans_ (Vol. vii., p. 569.).--The -following instances of Irish bishops acting as bishops in England will be -additional illustrations of the facts adduced by AN OXFORD B. C. L. - - "Requisitus idem Simon de suis Ordinibus dicit, quod apud - Oxoniam recepit Ordinem subdiaconi a _quodam Episcopo Yberniæ_, - Albino nomine, _tunc vicario Episcopi Lincolniensis_. Item ab - eodem recepit Ordinem diaconi.... ¶ Capellanus de Sandhurst - Johannes De Siveburn dicit, quod ordinatus fuit sudiaconum - apud Cicestriam, Diaconum apud Winton., _ab Episcopo Godfrido, - in Ybernia_."--Maskell's _Ancient Liturgy of the Church of - England_, p. 181., note. - -W. FRASER. - -Tor-Mohun. - -_Green Pots used for drinking from by Members of the Temple_ (Vol. viii., -p. 171.).--The green pots mentioned in Sir Julius Cæsar's letter had been -introduced into the Inner Temple about thirty years before its date. This -appears from the following passage in Dugdale's _Origines Juridiciales_ -(1680), p. 148., where he refers to the register of that Society, fol. -127 _a._: - - "Untill the second year of Q. Eliz. reign, this Society did - use to drink in Cups of Ashen-Wood (such as are still used in - the King's Court), but then those were laid aside, and green - earthen pots introduced, which have ever since continued." - -When were these green pots discontinued? Paper Buildings were erected -nearly fifty years before Dugdale's time. The new part built in 1849 was -on the south of these, which may, perhaps, have been the site of the -dust-hole of the Society, and thus become the depositary of the broken -pots mentioned by B. - -EDWARD FOSS. - -_Shape of Coffins_ (Vol. viii., p. 104.).--As bearing somewhat upon MR. -ELLACOMBE'S Query, allow me to remark that when travelling a few years -since in the United States, having about an hour's delay in the city -of Rochester, N. Y., I entered one of the churches during a funeral -service. When the ceremony (at which a considerable number of persons -attended) was concluded, the congregation left their seats and walked in -very orderly procession towards the reading-desk, in front of which was -placed the coffin, without any pall or covering. They then slowly walked -round it, in order, as I afterwards found, to take their last look at the -departed. This they were enabled to do without the removal of the lid, -by raising the upper or head portion of it, which was hinged a square -of glass beneath allowing the face to be seen. This strange custom, -which, for my own part, I think would be "more honoured by the breach -than the observance," as the recollection of the living face to me is -far preferable to that of death, I do not remember to have seen noticed -by any of our many travellers in America, though I afterwards found it -to be general. The coffins, which are somewhat differently shaped to -ours, sloping towards the feet, are rarely covered with cloth; but are -generally made of some hard wood such as walnut, highly polished. - -ROBERT WRIGHT. - -_Old Fogies_ (Vol. viii., p. 154.).--There may be too much of even a -good thing, and I wish some of the writers in "N. & Q." would study -compression a little. A short paragraph which I wrote, more in jest than -earnest, on the above phrase, has drawn down on me no less than two -columns from J. L. But this comes of meddling with Scotland. - -One might fancy that J. L. was the Irish, not the Scottish advocate, for -he proves the prior claim of Scotland by showing that the word which I -had stated to have been in use in Dublin in the first half of the last -century, was known in Edinburgh in the last half of it. He must also -excuse my saying that he does not seem ever to have studied etymology, -one of the rules of which is, that if a probable origin of a word can be -found in the language to which it belongs, we should not seek elsewhere. -Now _fogie_ (i.e. _folkie_, the Dutch _volkje_) comes as surely from -_folk_, as _lassie_ from _lass_, or any other diminutive from its -primitive. I now have done with the subject. - -THOS. KEIGHTLEY. - -_Swan-marks_ (Vol. viii., p 62.).--W. COLLYN'S remark on swan-marks may -mislead; therefore it is worth noting that "the swan with two necks" is -not "a corruption of the _private_ mark of the owner of the swans, viz. -two nicks made by cutting the _neck feathers_ close in two places." The -nicks were made in the _beak_; and the privilege of having swan-marks was -by grant from the crown. - -The Vintners' Company's mark for their swans on the Thames was two nicks; -hence a two-nicked swan was a very appropriate sign for a tavern. The -royal swans are marked with five nicks, two lengthwise, and three across -the bill (See Hone's {257} _Every-day Book_, 1827, p. 963; Yarrell's -_British Birds_; Jardine's _Nat. Lib._; _Penny Cyclop._, art. "Swan.") It -is to be noted, however, that Hone is in error in saying the two nicks -are the _royal_ swan-mark. - -EDEN WARWICK. - -Birmingham. - -_Limerick, Dublin, and Cork_ (Vol. viii., p. 102.).--I should think -the author of this doggrel couplet, if we are to consider it as a fair -specimen of his poetic genius, may safely be permitted to remain in -obscurity. Be that as it may, the lines are by no means new, nor are -they confined to the sister isle alone. In the _Prophecies of Nixon_, -the Cheshire Merlin, who lived nobody knows when, except that it was -certainly a "long time ago," we are given to understand that: - - "London streets shall run with blood, - And at last shall sink - So that it shall be fulfilled, - That Lincoln was, London is, and York shall be - The finest city of the three." - -As I have just stated, the original date of these _Prophecies_ is -somewhat involved in mystery; but I myself possess copies of three -different editions published during the last century, the first of the -three, purporting to be the sixth edition, bearing date London, 1719. -A Life of Nixon, affixed to this edition, states him to have lived and -prophesied in the reign of King James I.; at whose court, we are farther -told, he was, in conformity with his own prediction, starved to death. -His _Prophecies_ are, by the learned, held to be apocryphal; the country -folk of Cheshire, on the contrary, have as much faith in them and their -author as they have in the fact of their own existence. - -T. HUGHES. - -Chester. - -_"Could we with ink," &c._ (Vol. viii., pp. 127. 180.).--I am surprised -that none of your correspondents has referred to Smart, the translator of -Horace, who has been frequently stated to be the writer of these lines, -and I believe with truth. - -E. H. D. D. - -_Character of the Song of the Nightingale_ (Vol. vii., p. 397.; Vol. -viii., p. 112.).--Although Milton seems to have generally used the -epithet _solemn_ in its classical sense (as cleverly pointed out by MR. -SYDNEY GEDGE), and meant to represent the nightingale as the _customary_ -attendant of night, yet there is at least one passage where the epithet -appears to me not to have this meaning; but to express that the song -of the nightingale caused "a holy joy," and was heard not only in the -day-time, but all through the night. For although Milton calls the -nightingale "the night-warbling bird," and so makes it "the customary -attendant of the night," yet he also elsewhere as truly speaks of it as a -_day_ singer. The passage I referred to is in _Paradise Lost_, book vii., -and seems to me to bear the meaning above spoken of; though MR. GEDGE may -perhaps make "solemn" refer back to the last noun "even." And I confess -that the meaning seems dubious: - - "From branch to branch, the smaller birds with song - Solac'd the woods, and spread their painted wings - Till even; nor then the solemn nightingale - Ceas'd warbling, but all night tun'd her soft lays." - -I can add one other epithet to the one hundred and nine which I have -already given of the nightingale's song: - - _Wond'ring._ Dryden ("Palamon and Arcite"). - -I may add, that Otway and Grainger (erroneously printed Graingle) appear -to have used "solemn" in the ordinary meaning of the word. - -CUTHBERT BEDE, B.A. - -_Adamson's "Lusitania Illustrata"_ (Vol. viii., p. 104.).--Your -correspondent W. M. M. may consult the following works with great -advantage: - - "Résumé de l'Histoire Littéraire du Portugal, suivi du Résumé - de l'Histoire Littéraire du Brésil, 12mo.: Paris, 1826." - - "Parnaso Lusitano, ou Poesias selectas dos auctores Portuguezos - antigos e modernos, illustrados cum notas, percedido de una - Historia abreviada da lingua e poesia Portugueza, tom. v., - 18mo. Paris, 1826." - -The destruction by fire of Mr. Adamson's library, which was so rich in -Portuguese literature, has, with other circumstances, hitherto prevented -the continuation of the _Lusitania Illustrata_; but the appearance -of future parts, in furtherance of the original plan, is by no means -abandoned. - -E. H. A. - -_Adamsoniana_ (Vol. vii., p. 500.; Vol. viii., p. 135.).--I was aware of -the way in which the famous naturalist spelt his name, but supposed that -Michel Ada_n_son and Michael Ada_m_son were the same, the former being -merely the French mode of writing according to their pronunciation. I was -also aware of the leading events in the naturalist's own career, but was -desirous if possible of identifying his father: "the gentleman who, after -firmly attaching himself to the Stuarts, left Scotland, and entered the -service of the Archbishop of Aix." - -Perhaps I may be more fortunate in obtaining some information respecting -another Scot of the same name: James Adamson, for thirty-one years -rector of Tigh, in Rutlandshire, who is described in the inscription -upon his tombstone as "natu Scotus, Anglus vita, moribus antiquis, cum -rege suo in prosperis et adversis." I believe he was the father of John -Adamson, M.A., Rector Of Burton Coggles, in Lincolnshire: the author -of two sermons; one published in 1698, and entitled _The Duty of Daily -frequenting the Public Service_ {258} of the Church; another in 1707, -being the _Funeral Sermon for Sir E. Turnor of Stoke Rochford_[6] (whose -chaplain he was), a great promoter of pious and charitable undertakings. -Can these sermons be now procured? Is anything further known respecting -the author or his family? - -E. H. A. - -[Footnote 6: This sermon is in the British Museum.--ED.] - -_Crassus' Saying_ (Vol. vii., p. 498.).--MR. EWART will not easily -extract his English from the Latin, which is simply, "Fit salad for such -lips." - -S. Z. Z. S. - -_Stanzas in "Childe Harold"_ (Vol. iv. _passim_).--This stanza has -already occupied too many of your pages; will you, however, allow me to -put a ryder on it, by referring your correspondents to Lord Byron's _own_ -ignorance of the meaning of an expression in this stanza, expressed in a -letter to Murray, published in Moore's _Life_, Letter 323, dated Venice, -24th September, 1818, when, after pointing out an error in the same -canto, he says: - - "What does 'thy waters _wasted_ them' mean? _That is not me._ - Consult the MS. always." - -And in a note by Moore on this letter, he says, "This passage retains -_also_ uncorrected." - -At the end of this letter Byron writes, "_I saw the canto by accident._" -Query: If Byron only saw his cantos by "accident," would not a new -edition of his works collated with his MSS. be "a consummation devoutly -to be wished." - -S. WMSON. - -Glasgow. - -_"Well's a fret"_ (Vol. viii., p. 197.).--This is one of a class which -will be lost if not recorded. Forty years ago, in the West of England, -and perhaps elsewhere, a servant, when teased by a child to know where -such a person was, would answer-- - - "In his skin - When he jumps out, you may jump in." - -The answer to _Eh_? was always _Straw_. I dare say more of these things -will be produced. What ought they to be called? - -M. - -_Tenet or Tenent_ (Vol. vii., p. 205.).--We speak of the _tenets_ of a -sect. Somewhat less than a century ago the formula would have been their -_tenents_; and was not this the more correct? - -BALLIOLENSIS. - -_Mrs. Catherine Barton_ (Vol. iii., pp. 328. 434.).--When I answered -the Query, I was not aware of what Baily states in the Supplement to -Flamstead, p. 750. Rigaud ascertained for Baily that Mrs. C. B. (the -title _Mistress_ being given at that period to marriageable young ladies) -was not the _wife_, but the _sister_ of Colonel Barton. Both were the -children of Hannah Smith, Newton's half-sister, and Robert Barton. Mrs. -C. B. was born about 1680. - -M. - - * * * * * - - - - -Miscellaneous. - - -BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES WANTED TO PURCHASE. - -PROCEEDINGS OF THE LONDON GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. - -PRESCOTT'S HISTORY OF THE CONQUEST OF MEXICO. 3 Vols. London. Vol. III. - -MRS. ELLIS'S SOCIAL DISTINCTIONS. Tallis's Edition. Vols. II. and III. -8vo. - -HISTORY AND ANTIQUITIES OF NEWBURY. 8vo. 1839. 340 pages. Two Copies. - -VANCOUVER'S SURVEY OF HAMPSHIRE. - -HEMINGWAY'S HISTORY OF CHESTER. Large Paper. Parts I. and III. - -CORRESPONDENCE ON THE FORMATION OF THE ROMAN CATHOLIC BIBLE SOCIETY. 8vo. -London, 1813. - -ATHENÆUM JOURNAL for 1844. - -⁂ _Correspondents sending Lists of Books Wanted are requested to send -their names._ - -⁂ Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, _carriage free_, to be -sent to MR. BELL, Publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES." 186. Fleet Street. - - * * * * * - - - - -Notices to Correspondents. - - -_We have postponed_ ICON'S _friendly letter on the_ Shakspeare -Correspondence _until next week, when we propose to accompany it by some -few observations of our own. We shall take that opportunity also of -noticing a communication with which we have been favoured by_ MR. SINGER. - -Z. _will find some illustrations of his Queries on_ Passages from Milton -and Gray _discussed in our present Number. The other shall appear in an -early Number._ - -A. B. C. _It does not follow that, because we thought the one paper sent -us by this Correspondent worthy of insertion in our columns, every other -which he may favour us with is to be printed._ - -Greek Inscription on a Font.--_We have been reminded by several friendly -Correspondents that this Query, inserted_ ante, p. 198., _had been -discussed in our preceding Volume_, pp. 178, 366. 417. - -Z. _Mr. Winston's book, published by Parker of Oxford, will give him the -best information on the subject of_ Stained or Coloured Glass. - -R. W. E. (Clifton). _Would our Correspondent oblige us by forwarding a -copy of the 1st No. of the_ Curiosities of Bristol and its Neighbourhood? - -C. _will find that his Query respecting_ Grinning like a Cheshire Cat -_has been anticipated_, "N. & Q.," Vol. ii., pp. 377. 412. Vol. v., p. -402. - -J. E.'s _Query has been long since put and answered, as he will see by an -article in the present Number._ - -T. D. S. (Ruthin). _In all probability there is a deficiency of acetic -acid in your developing solution, or the acetic acid is impure and is -adulterated with sulphuric acid. A few drops of nitrate of baryta would -test the purity._ - -COLOURING COLLODION PICTURES.--_We should like to see a specimen of Mr. -Lane's skill, and should be very happy to insert his process._ - -PHOTOGRAPHY AT BATH.--_We understand that a pamphlet impugning the -correctness of some processes given in_ "N. & Q." _has been published at -Bath, but, as we know neither the author's name nor the publisher, have -to request information on those points from some Bath photographer._ - -_Errata._--In p. 194., for "bytleing" read "bything;" for "byth" read -"bytl.;" p. 195., the 24th line from the bottom the page, for "the -prenzie Angelo", read "the prenze Angelo;" p. 207., for "parish of West -Fetton" read "parish of West Felton." - -_A few complete sets of_ "NOTES AND QUERIES," Vols. i. _to_ vii., _price -Three Guineas and a Half, may now be had; for which early application is -desirable._ - -"NOTES AND QUERIES" _is published at noon on Friday, so that the Country -Booksellers may receive Copies in that night's parcels, and deliver them -to their Subscribers on the Saturday._ - - * * * * * - -{259} - -INDIGESTION, CONSTIPATION, NERVOUSNESS, &c.--BARRY, DU BARRY & CO.'S -HEALTH-RESTORING FOOD for INVALIDS and INFANTS. - -THE REVALENTA ARABICA FOOD, the only natural, pleasant, and effectual -remedy (without medicine, purging, inconvenience, or expense, as it -saves fifty times its cost in other remedies) for nervous, stomachic, -intestinal, liver and bilious complaints, however deeply rooted, -dyspepsia (indigestion), habitual constipation, diarrhœa, acidity, -heartburn, flatulency, oppression, distension, palpitation, eruption -of the skin, rheumatism, gout, dropsy, sickness at the stomach during -pregnancy, at sea, and under all other circumstances, debility in the -aged as well as infants, fits, spasms, cramps, paralysis, &c. - - _A few out of 50,000 Cures_:-- - - Cure, No. 71, of dyspepsia; from the Right Hon. the Lord Stuart - de Decies:--"I have derived considerable benefits from your - Revalenta Arabica Food, and consider it due to yourselves and - the public to authorise the publication of these lines.--STUART - DE DECIES." - - Cure, No. 49,832:--"Fifty years' indescribable agony from - dyspepsia, nervousness, asthma, cough, constipation, - flatulency, spasms, sickness at the stomach and vomitings - have been removed by Du Barry's excellent food.--MARIA JOLLY, - Wortham Ling, near Diss, Norfolk." - - Cure, No. 180:--"Twenty-five years' nervousness, constipation, - indigestion, and debility, from which I had suffered great - misery, and which no medicine could remove or relieve, have - been effectually cured by Du Barry's food in a very short - time.--W. R. REEVES, Pool Anthony, Tiverton." - - Cure, No. 4,206:--"Eight years' dyspepsia, nervousness, - debility, with cramps, spasms, and nausea, for which my servant - had consulted the advice of many, have been effectually removed - by Du Barry's delicious food in a very short time. I shall - be happy to answer any inquiries.--REV. JOHN W. FLAVELL, - Ridlington Rectory, Norfolk." - - _Dr. Wurzer's Testimonial._ - - "Bonn, July 19, 1852. - - "This light and pleasant Farina is one of the most excellent, - nourishing, and restorative remedies, and supersedes, in many - cases, all kinds of medicines. It is particularly useful in - confined habit of body, as also diarrhœa, bowel complaints, - affections of the kidneys and bladder, such as stone or gravel; - inflammatory irritation and cramp of the urethra, cramp of - the kidneys and bladder, strictures, and hemorrhoids. This - really invaluable remedy is employed with the most satisfactory - result, not only in bronchial and pulmonary complaints, where - irritation and pain are to be removed, but also in pulmonary - and bronchial consumption, in which it counteracts effectually - the troublesome cough; and I am enabled with perfect truth - to express the conviction that Du Barry's Revalenta Arabica - is adapted to the cure of incipient hectic complaints and - consumption. - - "DR. RUD WURZER. - "Counsel of Medicine, and practical M.D. in Bonn." - -London Agents:--Fortnum, Mason & Co., 182. Piccadilly, purveyors to Her -Majesty the Queen; Hedges & Butler, 155. Regent Street; and through -all respectable grocers, chemists, and medicine venders. In canisters, -suitably packed for all climates, and with full instructions, 1lb. 2_s._ -9_d._; 2lb. 4_s._ 6_d._; 5lb. 11_s._; 12lb. 22_s._; super-refined, 5lb. -22_s._; 10lb. 33_s._ The 10lb. and 12lb. carriage free, on receipt of -Post-office order.--Barry, Du Barry Co., 77. Regent Street, London. - -IMPORTANT CAUTION.--Many invalids having been seriously injured by -spurious imitations under closely similar names, such as Ervalenta, -Arabaca, and others, the public will do well to see that each canister -bears the name BARRY, DU BARRY & CO., 77. Regent Street, London, in full, -_without which none is genuine_. - - * * * * * - -WESTERN LIFE ASSURANCE AND ANNUITY SOCIETY, - -3. PARLIAMENT STREET, LONDON. - -Founded A.D. 1842. - -_Directors._ - - H. E. Bicknell, Esq. - T. S. Cocks, Jun. Esq., M. P. - G. H. Drew, Esq. - W. Evans, Esq. - W. Freeman, Esq. - F. Fuller, Esq. - J. H. Goodhart, Esq. - T. Grissell, Esq. - J. Hunt, Esq. - J. A. Lethbridge, Esq. - E. Lucas, Esq. - J. 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Parliament Street, London. - - * * * * * - -BANK OF DEPOSIT. - -7. St. Martin's Place, Trafalgar Square, London. - -PARTIES desirous of INVESTING MONEY are requested to examine the Plan of -this Institution, by which a high rate of Interest may be obtained with -perfect Security. - -Interest payable in January and July. - - PETER MORRISON, - Managing Director. - -Prospectuses free on application. - - * * * * * - -BENNETT'S MODEL WATCH, as shown at the GREAT EXHIBITION, No. 1. Class -X., in Gold and Silver Cases, in five qualities, and adapted to all -Climates, may now be had at the MANUFACTORY, 65. CHEAPSIDE. Superior -Gold London-made Patent Levers, 17, 15, and 12 guineas. Ditto, in Silver -Cases, 8, 6, and 4 guineas. First-rate Geneva Levers, in Gold Cases, 12, -10, and 8 guineas. Ditto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 5 guineas. Superior -Lever, with Chronometer Balance, Gold, 27, 23, and 19 guineas. Bennett's -Pocket Chronometer, Gold, 50 guineas, Silver, 40 guineas. Every Watch -skilfully examined, timed, and its performance guaranteed. Barometers, -2_l._, 3_l._, and 4_l._ Thermometers from 1_s._ each. - -BENNETT, Watch, Clock, and Instrument Maker to the Royal Observatory, the -Board of Ordnance, the Admiralty, and the Queen, 65. CHEAPSIDE. - - * * * * * - -DAGUERREOTYPE MATERIALS.--Plates, Cases, Passepartoutes. Best and -Cheapest. To be had in great variety at - -M'MILLAN'S Wholesale Depot, 132. Fleet Street. - -Price List Gratis. - - * * * * * - -PHOTOGRAPHIC PICTURES.--A Selection of the above beautiful Productions -(comprising Views in VENICE, PARIS, RUSSIA, NUBIA, &c.) may be seen at -BLAND & LONG'S, 158. 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Strand, -have, by an improved mode of Iodizing, succeeded in producing a Collodion -equal, they may say superior, in sensitiveness and density of Negative, -to any other hitherto published; without diminishing the keeping -properties and appreciation of half tint for which their manufacture has -been esteemed. - -Apparatus, pure Chemicals, and all the requirements for the practice of -Photography. Instruction in the Art. - - * * * * * - -PHOTOGRAPHIC APPARATUS, MATERIALS, and PURE CHEMICAL PREPARATIONS. - -KNIGHT & SONS' Illustrated Catalogue, containing Description and Price -of the best forms of Cameras and other Apparatus. 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Price 10_s._ 6_d._ each, with Portraits and -Historical Vignettes. - -WILLIAM BLACKWOOD & SONS, Edinburgh and London. - - * * * * * - -THE GENTLEMAN'S MAGAZINE AND HISTORICAL REVIEW FOR SEPTEMBER, contains -the following articles:-- - - 1. The Grenville Correspondence. - 2. The Byzantine Cæsars of the Iconoclastic Period. - 3. The Fine Arts at Rome in 1736. - 4. State Papers of Henry the Eighth. - 5. Dr. Bathurst, Bishop of Norwich. - 6. Notes on Shakspeare's Text. - 7. Wanderings of an Antiquary: by T. Wright, F.S.A.--The Roman - Villa at Bignor (with Engravings). - 8. Virtuosi of the Eighteenth Century. - -With Correspondence, Notes of the Month, Historical and Miscellaneous -Reviews, Reports of Archæological Societies, Historical Chronicle, and -OBITUARY. - -NICHOLS AND SONS, 25. Parliament Street. - - * * * * * - -ARCHÆOLOGY OF SUSSEX. - -THE GENTLEMAN'S MAGAZINE for AUGUST contains a revised Report of -the Proceedings of the Archæological Institute at their Meeting at -Chichester, including the Lectures of Professor Willis on Chichester -Cathedral, Mr. Sharpe on the Sussex Churches, Dr. Bruce on the Bayeux -Tapestry, Mr. Freeman on the Life of Earl Godwin, Mr. Durrant Cooper on -Sussex Nomenclature, &c. &c. - -The Magazine also contains the following articles:--1. State Papers -of the Reign of Henry VIII. 2. Madame de Longueville. 3. The Prospero -of "The Tempest." 4. Letter of Major P. Ferguson during the American -War. 5. Wanderings of an Antiquary: Bramber Castle and the Sussex -Churches, by Thomas Wright, F.S.A. (with Engravings). 6. St. Hilary -Church, Cornwall (with an Engraving). 7. Benjamin Robert Haydon. 8. -The Northern Topographers--Whitaker, Surtees, and Raine. 9. Passage -of the Pruth in the year 1739. 10. Early History of the Post-Office. -11. Correspondence of Sylvanus Urban: A Peep at the Library of -Chichester Cathedral--Christ's Church at Norwich--Rev. Wm. Smith of -Melsonby--Godmanham and Londesborough. With Reviews of New Publications, -a Report of the Meeting of the Archæological Institute at Chichester, and -of other Antiquarian Societies, Historical Chronicle, and OBITUARY. Price -2_s._ 6_d._ - -NICHOLS & SONS, 25. Parliament Street. - - * * * * * - -NEW AND CHEAPER EDITION. - -This day, Second Edition, in foolscap 8vo., cloth, price 3_s._ - -THE DOCTRINE OF THE HOLY EUCHARIST. By ARCHDEACON WILBERFORCE. - -"A work greatly needed in the Church of England."--_Guardian._ - -London: J. & C. MOZLEY, 6. Paternoster Row. Oxford: J. H. PARKER. - - * * * * * - -8vo., price 21_s._ - -SOME ACCOUNT of DOMESTIC ARCHITECTURE in ENGLAND, from the Conquest -to the end of the Thirteenth Century, with numerous Illustrations of -Existing Remains from Original Drawings. By T. HUDSON TURNER. - -"What Horace Walpole attempted, and what Sir Charles Lock Eastlake has -done for oil-painting--elucidated its history and traced its progress -in England by means of the records of expenses and mandates of the -successive Sovereigns of the realm--Mr. Hudson Turner has now achieved -for Domestic Architecture in this country during the twelfth and -thirteenth centuries."--_Architect._ - -"The writer of the present volume ranks among the most intelligent of the -craft, and a careful perusal of its contents will convince the reader -of the enormous amount of labour bestowed on its minutest details, -as well as the discriminating judgment presiding over the general -arrangement."--_Morning Chronicle._ - -"The book of which the title is given above is one of the very few -attempts that have been made in this country to treat this interesting -subject in anything more than a superficial manner. - -"Mr. Turner exhibits much learning and research, and he has consequently -laid before the reader much interesting information. It is a book that -was wanted, and that affords us some relief from the mass of works on -Ecclesiastical Architecture with which of late years we have been deluged. - -"The work is well illustrated throughout with wood-engravings of the -more interesting remains, and will prove a valuable addition to the -antiquary's library."--_Literary Gazette._ - -"It is as a text-book on the social comforts and condition of the Squires -and Gentry of England during the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, that -the leading value of Mr. Turner's present publication will be found to -consist. - -"Turner's handsomely-printed volume is profusely illustrated with careful -woodcuts of all important existing remains, made from drawings by Mr. -Blore and Mr. Twopeny."--_Athenæum._ - -JOHN HENRY PARKER, Oxford; and 377. Strand, London. - - * * * * * - -Now ready, price 21_s._ uniform with the above, - -THE DOMESTIC ARCHITECTURE OF THE MIDDLE AGES. Vol. II.--THE FOURTEENTH -CENTURY. By the Editor of "The Glossary of Architecture." - -This volume is issued on the plan adopted by the late Mr. Hudson Turner -in the previous volume: viz., collecting matter relating to Domestic -buildings of the Period, from cotemporary records, and applying the -information so acquired to the existing remains. - -Not only does the volume contain much curious information both as to the -buildings and manners and customs of the time, but it is also hoped that -the large collection of careful Engravings of the finest examples will -prove as serviceable to the profession and their employers in building -mansions, as the Glossary was found to be in building churches. - -The Text is interspersed throughout with numerous woodcuts. - -JOHN HENRY PARKER, Oxford; and 377. Strand, London. - - * * * * * - -Now ready, Two New Volumes (price 28_s._ cloth) of - -THE JUDGES OF ENGLAND and the Courts at Westminster. 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You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms -of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online -at <a href="https://www.gutenberg.org">www.gutenberg.org</a>. If you -are not located in the United States, you will have to check the laws of the -country where you are located before using this eBook. -</div> - -<p style='display:block; margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:0; margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em'>Title: Notes and Queries, Number 202, September 10, 1853</p> -<p style='display:block; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:1em; margin-left:2em; text-indent:0;'>A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists, Antiquaries, Geneologists, etc</p> - -<div style='display:block; margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:1em; margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em'>Author: Various</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:1em; margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em'>Editor: George Bell</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'>Release Date: August 29, 2021 [eBook #66168]</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'>Language: English</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'>Character set encoding: UTF-8</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em'>Produced by: Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images generously made available by The Internet Library of Early Journals.)</div> - -<div style='margin-top:2em; margin-bottom:4em'>*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, NUMBER 202, SEPTEMBER 10, 1853 ***</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_237"></a>{237}</span></p> - -<h1>NOTES AND QUERIES:</h1> - -<h2>A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, -GENEALOGISTS, ETC.</h2> - -<hr class="full" /> - -<h3><b>"When found, make a note of."</b>—<span class="sc">Captain Cuttle.</span></h3> - -<hr class="full" /> - -<table width="100%" class="nomar" summary="masthead" title="masthead"> - <tr> - <td style="text-align:left; width:25%"> - <p><b>No. 202.</b>]</p> - </td> - <td style="text-align:center; width:50%"> - <p><b><span class="sc">Saturday, September 10. 1853.</span></b></p> - </td> - <td style="text-align:right; width:25%"> - <p>[<b>Price Fourpence.<br />Stamped Edition, 5<i>d.</i></b></p> - </td> - </tr> -</table> - -<hr class="full" /> - -<h2>CONTENTS.</h2> - -<table width="100%" class="nomar" summary="Contents" title="Contents"> - <tr> - <td style="width:94%"> - <span class="sc">Notes</span>:—</td> - <td class="ar vbm" style="width:6%">Page</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="pl1">Milton and Malatesti, by Bolton Corney</td> - <td class="ar vbm"><a href="#Page_237">237</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="pl1">"That Swinney"</td> - <td class="ar vbm"><a href="#Page_238">238</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="pl1">Tom, Mythic and Material, by V. T. Sternberg</td> - <td class="ar vbm"><a href="#Page_239">239</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="pl1">Shakspeare Correspondence, by T. J. Buckton, Thos. - Keightley, &c.</td> - <td class="ar vbm"><a href="#Page_240">240</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="pl2"><span class="sc">Minor Notes:</span>—Gray: - "The ploughman homeward plods"—Poetical Tavern Signs—"Aquæ - in Vinum conversæ. Vidit et erubuit lympha pudica Deum"—Spurious - Edition of Baily's "Annuities"—"Illustrium Poetarum Flores"—French - Jeux d'Esprit</td> - <td class="ar vbm"><a href="#Page_241">241</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td><span class="sc">Queries</span>:—</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="pl1">Samuel Wilson</td> - <td class="ar vbm"><a href="#Page_242">242</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="pl2"><span class="sc">Minor Queries</span>:—The Rothwell - Family—Definition of a Proverb—Latin Riddle—D. Ferrand: - French Patois—"Fac precor, Jesu benigne," &c.—The Arms of - De Sissonne—Sir George Brown—Professional Poems—"A - mockery," &c.—Passage in Whiston—Shoulder Knots and - Epaulettes—The Yew Tree in Village Churchyards—Passage in - Tennyson—"When the Maggot bites"—Eclipses of the Sun—"An" - before "u" long—Reversible Names—Gilbert White of - Selborne—Hoby, Family of; their Portraits, &c.—Portrait - of Sir Anthony Wingfield—Lofcopp, Lufcopp, or Luvcopp—Humming - Ale</td> - <td class="ar vbm"><a href="#Page_243">243</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="pl2"><span class="sc">Minor Queries with Answers</span>:—Dr. - Richard Sherlock—Cardinal Fleury and Bishop Wilson—Dr. Dodd a - Dramatist—Trosachs—Quarter</td> - <td class="ar vbm"><a href="#Page_246">246</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td><span class="sc">Replies</span>:—</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="pl1">Jacob Böhme, or Behmen, by J. Yeowell</td> - <td class="ar vbm"><a href="#Page_246">246</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="pl1">Inscriptions on Bells, by Cuthbert Bede, B.A.</td> - <td class="ar vbm"><a href="#Page_248">248</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="pl1">Passage in Milton</td> - <td class="ar vbm"><a href="#Page_249">249</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="pl1">Designed false English Rhymes</td> - <td class="ar vbm"><a href="#Page_249">249</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="pl1">Attainment of Majority, by Professor De Morgan</td> - <td class="ar vbm"><a href="#Page_250">250</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="pl1">Lady Percy, Wife of Hotspur (Daughter of Edmund - Mortimer, Earl of March), and Jane Seymour's Royal Descent</td> - <td class="ar vbm"><a href="#Page_251">251</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="pl2"><span class="sc">Photographic Correspondence</span>:—Three - New Processes by Mr. Lyte—Muller's Processes: Sisson's Developing Solution</td> - <td class="ar vbm"><a href="#Page_252">252</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="pl2"><span class="sc">Replies to Minor Queries</span>:—Alterius - Orbis Papa—"All my eye"—"Clamour your tongues"—Spiked - Maces represented in Windows of the Abbey Church, Great Malvern—Ampers - and—Its—"Hip, hip, hurrah!"—Derivation of - "Wellesley"—Penny-come-quick—Eugene Aram's Comparative - Lexicon—Wooden Tombs and Effigies—Queen Anne's - Motto—Longevity—Irish Bishops as English Suffragans—Green - Pots used for drinking from by Members of the Temple—Shape of - Coffins—Old Fogies—Swan-marks—Limerick, Dublin, and - Cork—"Could we with ink," &c.—Character of the Song of - the Nightingale—Adamson's "Lusitania - Illustrata"—Adamsoniana—Crassus' Saying, &c.</td> - <td class="ar vbm"><a href="#Page_254">254</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td><span class="sc">Miscellaneous</span>:—</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="pl1">Books and Odd Volumes wanted</td> - <td class="ar vbm"><a href="#Page_258">258</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="pl1">Notices to Correspondents</td> - <td class="ar vbm"><a href="#Page_258">258</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="pl1">Advertisements</td> - <td class="ar vbm"><a href="#Page_259">259</a></td> - </tr> -</table> - -<hr class="full" /> - -<h2>Notes.</h2> - -<h3>MILTON AND MALATESTI.</h3> - -<p>About nine years after Milton visited Italy, he -thus briefly noticed, in letter to Carlo Dati, his -surviving Florentine friends:</p> - -<blockquote> - -<p>"Carolo <span class="sc">Dato</span> patricio Florentino.... Tu interim, -mi Carole, valebis, et Cultellino, Francino, Frescobaldo, -Malatestæ, Clementillo minori, et si quem -alium nostri amantiorem novisti; toti denique Gaddianæ -academiæ, salutem meo nomine plurimam dices. -Interim vale.—<i>Londino</i>, Aprilis 21. 1647."</p> - -</blockquote> - -<p>The above extract is from <i>The prose works of -John Milton</i>, as printed in 1806, and I shall add to -it the translation by Robert Fellowes, A.M., from -the same edition:</p> - -<blockquote> - -<p>"To Carolo <span class="sc">Deodati</span>, a Florentine noble.... In -the mean time, my dear Charles, farewell, and present -my kind wishes to Cultellino, Francisco, Trescobaldo, -Malatesto, the younger Clemantillo, and every other -inquiring friend, and to all the members of the Gaddian -academy. Adieu.—<i>London</i>, April 21. 1647."</p> - -</blockquote> - -<p>Warton states, in a note on the minor poems of -Milton, that Mr. Brand discovered, on a book-stall, -a manuscript of <i>La tina</i> of Malatesti, <i>dedicated -to Milton while at Florence</i>, and that he -gave it to Mr. Hollis, who sent it in 1758, together -with the works of Milton, to the Accademia -della Crusca. Warton justly observes, "The first -piece would have been a greater curiosity in England." -With these facts the information of the -most recent biographers of Milton seems to terminate. -I am enabled, however, to prove that the -work is <span class="sc">in print</span>, and shall transcribe my authority -<i>verbatim</i>:</p> - -<blockquote> - -<p>"<span class="sc">Malatesti</span>, <i>Antonio</i>. <span class="sc">La tina</span>, equivoci rusticali (in -50 sonetti). Londra, Tommaso Edlin, 1757, in 8ᵒ.</p> - -<p><i>Non è fatta in Londra quest' ediz. nel 1757, ma presso -che 80 anni dopo in Venezia, ed in numero di 50 esemplari -in carta velina, due in carta grande inglese da disegno, ed -uno, unico, in</i> <span class="sc">pergamena</span>.</p> - -<p>Il Malatesti aveva regalato una copia di questi -graziosissimi sonetti al celebre inglese Gio. Milton, -nell' anno in cui egli visitava l'Italia. Dopo la morte -del Milton pervennero in mano del sig. Brant, gentiluomo -inglese, il quale una copia ne fece trarre per<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_238"></a>{238}</span> -regalarla a Gio. Marsili, prof. dell' Università di Padova, -che nel 1757 si trovava in Londra. Il <span class="allsmcap">MS.</span> del -Marsili servì a questa ristampa che porta in fronte -quella stessa prefazione in inglese che stava nel <span class="allsmcap">MS.</span> -Marsiliano."</p> - -</blockquote> - -<p>The authority alluded to is the fourth edition of -the <i>Serie dei testi di lingua</i> of Bartolommeo Gamba, -Venezia, 1839, royal 8vo.—one of the best bibliographical -compilations ever produced. I was led -to suspect, on glancing at the note, that Gamba -himself was the editor of the volume, and now -consider it as certain, for <i>La tina</i> appears under his -name in the index. As copies of the work must -have reached England I hope to see the dedication -reprinted, and am sure it would be received as a -welcome curiosity.</p> - -<p>I cannot commend Mr. Fellowes as a translator -of Milton. <i>To Carolo</i> is a solecism; <i>Deodati</i> -should be <i>Dati</i>; the period which precedes the -extract is entirely omitted; and the five names -which follow <i>Charles</i>, besides being mis-spelt, have -the termination which can only be required in -Latin composition! I believe we should read -Coltellini, Francini, Frescobaldi, Malatesti, and -Clementini. On Coltellini and Malatesti there is -much valuable information in Poggiali and Gamba.</p> - -<p class="author"><span class="sc">Bolton Corney.</span></p> - -<hr class="full" /> - -<h3>"THAT SWINNEY."</h3> - -<p class="center">(<i>Continued from</i> p. 215.)</p> - -<p>Swinney was the devoted servant of all men in -power—of all who had been or were likely to be in -power—except, perhaps, the peace-makers, who, -curiously enough, did not please this minister of -peace—of all, perhaps, who subscribed to his publications, -or had the means to subscribe; and -who, if they did not, might hereafter. Swinney's -volume of <i>Fugitive Pieces</i> was dedicated to the -Duke of Grafton. A third edition contains additions -which show how Swinney's great zeal outran his -little discretion. The following verses appeared -originally in <i>The Public Advertiser</i> on the 27th of -May, 1768, and are bad enough to be preserved -as a curiosity:</p> - -<p class="center"><i>"An Extempore Effusion on reading a Scurrilous Invective -against the Duke of G——n [Grafton], -published in yesterday's Newspapers.</i></p> - -<div class="poem"> - <div class="stanza"> - <p>Cursed be the Wretch, and blasted rot his name,</p> - <p>Who dares to stab an injured G——n's fame!</p> - <p>Who (while his public virtue stands confest,</p> - <p>And lives within his <span class="sc">Royal Master's</span> breast)</p> - <p>Can rake for Scandal in his private life,</p> - <p>And widen breaches between man and wife;</p> - <p>Who casts a stone (like some unthinking Elf),</p> - <p>That haply shall recoil against himself!</p> - <p>Anguish, Remorse, and Terror seize his Soul,</p> - <p>And waste it quick where fiends malicious howl;</p> - <p>May those rank pests through which his father fell,</p> - <p>Announce his coming to the Gates of Hell!</p> - <p>And yet, or ere he plunge into the Lake,</p> - <p>Where no cool stream his endless thirst can slake,</p> - <p>May <span class="sc">Christ</span> in mercy deprecate his doom,</p> - <p>And may to <span class="sc">Him</span> his promised Kingdom come!</p> - </div> - <div class="stanza"> - <p class="i12">"<span class="sc">Sidney Swinney.</span>"</p> - </div> -</div> - -<p>Not content with future punishment, the Doctor, -in another poem, threatens present vengeance:</p> - -<div class="poem"> - <div class="stanza"> - <p>"But hark thee, wretch; believe him while he swears;</p> - <p><span class="sc">Sid</span> (by the gods) will crop thine asses ears,</p> - <p>Should thou persist a G——n to impeach,</p> - <p>And blast those virtues thou canst never reach."</p> - </div> -</div> - -<p>As Draper had taken Granby under his protection, -so Swinney must needs play the chivalrous -in defence of Grafton. The dedication of <i>The -Battle of Minden</i> is dated 20th May, 1769, and the -poet in the <i>exordium</i> goes out of his way to notice, -as I suppose, the attacks of Junius:</p> - -<div class="poem"> - <div class="stanza"> - <p>"His [Sid's] blood recoils with an indignant rage,</p> - <p>'Gainst the base hirelings of a venal age.</p> - <p>Wretches! that spare nor ministers nor kings,</p> - <p>Blend good with bad, profane with sacred things;</p> - <p>Whose vengeful hearts, with wrath and malice curst,</p> - <p>Blast virtuous deeds; and then, with envy burst,</p> - <p>They dart their arrows, innocence traduce,</p> - <p>And load e'en G——n with their vile abuse."</p> - </div> -</div> - -<p>To this passage he appends the following note, -which occupies, in his magnificent typographical -volume, a whole quarto page:</p> - -<blockquote> - -<p>"It is observable that this amiable personage [the -Duke of Grafton], and most consummate statesman, -has been bespattered with as much low calumny and -abuse, from various quarters, as if he had been the -declared enemy of his country, instead of having manfully -and courageously stood up in support of its true -interests.—S."</p> - -</blockquote> - -<p>Let us consider now, What are the probabilities -of Swinney never having spoken to Lord George -Sackville?</p> - -<p>That he did on that occasion speak to Lord -George—that he did ask him "whether or no he -was the author of Junius"—may be assumed: -and it is very probable that Junius heard of it, at -first or at second hand, from Swinney himself; for -the impertinent blockhead that would ask such a -question, was just the man to tell what he had -done, and to think it a good thing. But had he -never before spoken to Sackville? Was this a -fact or a flourish—an affectation of secret information, -like the "sent" and "went" about -Garrick—the "every particular next day"—which -we now know to have been untrue.</p> - -<p>That Swinney had been chaplain to one of the -British regiments serving in Germany is manifest -from twenty different references in the poem and -the notes. I lay no stress on his poetical flights -about Euphorbus; but he speaks repeatedly from -personal experience—specially refers to circumstances -occurring when quartered at a farm-house -near Embden—at the camp at Crossdorf—acknowledges -personal favours received during the<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_239"></a>{239}</span> -campaign from General Harvey, and on another -occasion attentions from Granby. Here, for example, -is a poetical picture which brings Swinney -vividly before us:</p> - -<div class="poem"> - <div class="stanza"> - <p>"At Marienbourn, the vaunting army halts,</p> - <p class="i8">...</p> - <p><i>A pastor</i> from the heav'n-devoted train,</p> - <p>Brings hams and fowls, and spreads them on the plain:</p> - <p>The jovial officers their bellies fill,</p> - <p><i>Rally their chaplain</i>, and applaud him still."</p> - </div> -</div> - -<p>Swinney must therefore have served under -Sackville; for, as he tells us, Sackville</p> - -<div class="poem"> - <div class="stanza"> - <p class="i8">"by George was made</p> - <p>Good Marlbro's successor"—</p> - </div> -</div> - -<p>and certainly the probabilities are that he must -have been personally known to—had before -spoken to him. Sackville must at this very time -have been particularly anxious about Swinney -and his doings, wise or unwise. That fatal battle -of Minden had been the ruin of all his hopes—the -overthrow of all his ambition. In my opinion, -Sackville had been shamefully and shamelessly -run down on that occasion; but whether justly or -unjustly stripped of his honours and degraded for -his conduct, here was a man about to write -a poem on the battle, to immortalise those who -fought in it; and Sackville must have been keenly -alive to what he might say of him. Swinney -foreshadowed what his opinion would be in the -First Book, where he enumerates Sackville -amongst his "choice leaders"—</p> - -<div class="poem"> - <div class="stanza"> - <p>"Good Marlbro', Sackville, Granby, Waldgrave bold,</p> - <p>Brudenell and Kingsley."</p> - </div> -</div> - -<p>This was published early in 1769.</p> - -<p>In the Second Book Lord George is brought -prominently forward. The "bewilder'd Ferdinand," -"doubtful himself," summons a council of -war, and calls first on Sackville for advice.</p> - -<div class="poem"> - <div class="stanza"> - <p>"Sackville, disclose the secret of thy breast:</p> - <p>Say, shall we linger in ignoble rest?</p> - <p>Shall we retreat? advance, or perish here?</p> - <p>Resolve our queries: state thy judgment clear."</p> - </div> -</div> - -<p>Sackville now plays the "high heroical," and -talks through six pages; but to what purpose I -am unable to conjecture. There <i>seems</i> to be a -great deal of angry remonstrance—of offensive -remonstrance:</p> - -<div class="poem"> - <div class="stanza"> - <p>"When I ask [says Sackville to Ferdinand], didst ever thou consult</p> - <p>A chief, till now, and wait the sage result?</p> - <p>When Aalm's camp was deluged all in rain,</p> - <p>And floods rusht o'er an undistinguisht plain,</p> - <p>To thy flint heart remonstrances were vain:</p> - <p>What, then, avail'd neglected Marlbro's prayers!</p> - <p>His instances? His unremitted cares?</p> - <p>The Elector's stables had sufficient room,</p> - <p>Stalls, without end, anticipate the doom</p> - <p>Of British chargers, forced to march, at noon,</p> - <p>Beneath their riders' weight and scorching sun."</p> - </div> -</div> - -<p>Swinney then gives in a note what he calls the -genuine queries proposed by Prince Ferdinand, -with Sackville's answer: which answer is nearly -as void of distinct meaning as the poetry, but in -favour I think of risking a battle. The general purport, -however, foreshadows what Swinney's conclusion -would have been—that Sackville, the friend of -the British soldier, protested against the frauds by -which they were robbed and starved; protested -against their being called on to do all the work, -and run all the risks of the campaign; and disdains -to humour or flatter Prince Ferdinand. -These were, in brief, the explanations given by -Sackville's friends as the cause of his disgrace—Granby -the favoured, a gallant soldier indeed, -but a mere soldier, being comparatively indifferent -about such commissarial matters, and much more -easily deceived by the cunning of the selfish Germans -and English. This intention is made still -more clear in another note, wherein Swinney -states:</p> - -<blockquote> - -<p>"We may be enabled to account for a certain disgraceful -event, in some future observation of ours, -equally to <i>the honour of the person disgraced</i>, and to the -innocent cause of that disgrace."</p> - -</blockquote> - -<p>Under these circumstances there can be little -doubt that Sidney Swinney, D.D., was the party -alluded to by Junius; as little, I think, that Swinney -had before, and long before, spoken to Lord George -Sackville,—must have been dear to Sackville, as -one of the few who had served under, and yet had a -kind word to say for him,—had said it indeed, and -was about to repeat it emphatically. That Swinney -was the fool Junius asserted, the extract already -given must have abundantly proved; but I -will conclude with one other, in which he not -only anticipated Fitzgerald, but anticipated the -burlesque exaggerations in the "Rejected Addresses:"</p> - -<div class="poem"> - <div class="stanza"> - <p>"Horse, Foot, Hussars, or ere they march review'd.</p> - <p class="i8">...</p> - <p>The Foot, that form the first and second line,</p> - <p>All smartly drest, like Grecian heroes shine;</p> - <p>Their bold cock'd hats, their spatterdashers white,</p> - <p>And glossy shoes, attract his ravish'd sight."</p> - </div> -</div> - -<p class="author">T. S. J.</p> - -<hr class="full" /> - -<h3>TOM, MYTHIC AND MATERIAL.</h3> - -<p>"All <i>Toms</i> are alike," quoth the elegant Pelham; -and if we were asked to define the leading idea of -him, we should describe a downright honest John -Bull, essentially manly, but withal a bit—perhaps -a large bit—of a dullard. His masculinity is unquestionable. -A male cat, as every body knows, -is a <i>Tom</i>-cat; a romping boy-like girl is a <i>Tom</i>-boy, -or a <i>Tom</i>-rig; a large nob-headed pin is a -<i>Tom</i>-pin; and in many provincial dialects the -great toe is, <i>par excellence</i>, the <i>Tom</i>-toe. Last, not<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_240"></a>{240}</span> -least, there is the nectar of St. Giles, the venerable -Old <i>Tom</i>. In proof of his stupidity we can adduce -a goodly show of epithets—<i>Tom</i>-fool, <i>Tom</i>-neddy, -<i>Tom</i>-noddy, <i>Tom</i>-cull, <i>Tom</i>-coney, <i>Tom</i>-farthing, -&c. We know, indeed, there are people who hold -that even in these instances <i>Tom</i> is merely the -masculine prefix to distinguish the <i>he</i>-fool (<i>i. e.</i> -the <i>Tom</i>-fool) from the Molly or <i>she</i>-fool of the -ancient mumming. But the race of Toms must -not lay this flattering unction to their souls, for -the hypothesis won't stand. The very monosyllable -itself, like "Sammy," has a strong twang of the -bauble in it. An open truth-loving fellow is a -<i>Tom</i> Tell-truth; but, on the other hand, all -tinkers—a sadly libelled race of men—are invariably -<i>Tom</i>-tinkers, as all tars have been <i>Jack</i>-tars from -time immemorial. In some of the old-fashioned -country games at cards the knave is called <i>Tom</i>; -and the wandering mendicants who used to levy -black-mail, under the plea of insanity, were Mad -<i>Toms</i>, or "<i>Toms</i>-o'-Bedlam." "Tom all alone" -is a northern <i>sobriquet</i> for the Wandering Jew, -who, the last time we heard of him, was caught -stealing gingerbread nuts at Richmond Fair. In -the legendary division there is the notorious <i>Tom</i>-Styles—the -depredatory <i>Tom</i> the piper's son -(legitimate issue of <i>Tom</i> Piper, the musician of -the old Morris Dance)—the fortunate <i>Tom</i> Tidler -of the original diggings, and that heroic little liege -of Queen Mab, the knight of the thumb. <i>Tom</i>-Tumbler -was a saltatory fiend in the days of Reginald -Scott; and <i>Tom</i> Poker still devours little -folks in Suffolk, without doubt (thinks Forby) a -descendant of the Sui.-G. <i>tompte poecke</i>, or house-goblin. -As for the ignominious <i>Tom</i> Tiler (North -Country for hen-pecked husband) we cannot -allow him to belong to the family; for who can -imagine a hen-pecked Tom! he must have been -a wretched individuality, a suffering, corporeal -Tiler.</p> - -<p>Tom also bestows his name on divers other -things, animate and inanimate. Among fishes -there are <i>Tommy</i>-Loach, <i>Tommy</i>-Bar, and <i>Tom</i>-Toddy -(the Cornish name of the tod-pole). The -Long-<i>Tom</i> and the <i>Tom</i>-tit are both ornithological -Toms. Tom Tailor is a child's name for the -Harry-long-legs—another singular instance, by -the way, of Christian names applied to animals. -<i>Tom</i>-trot reminds one of pre-pantaloon orgies, -and is (I think) something in the brandy-ball line. -Finally, we may remark, that a large proportion -of her Majesty's subjects are in the habit of conferring -the endearing name upon the staff of life -itself. "Navvies," agricultural labourers, and -such like gentry, are accustomed to divide all -human food into two classes, which they euphonically -denominate respectively <i>Todge</i> and <i>Tommy</i>; -the former comprising spoon-meat, and the latter -all hard food which requires mastication. But -this, we think, is not a case of Tom <i>per se</i>, but -rather referable to the Camb.-Brit. <i>tama</i>, which -has exactly the same acceptation.</p> - -<p class="author"><span class="sc">V. T. Sternberg.</span></p> - -<hr class="full" /> - -<h3>SHAKSPEARE CORRESPONDENCE.</h3> - -<p><i>Shakspearian Parallels.</i>—Searching for Shakspearian -parallels, I find the following, which may -leave suggested to our bard his <i>Seven Ages</i>. The -first is by Solon, extracted from Clemens Alexandrinus -(<i>Stromat.</i> vi. p. 685., Paris, 1629), which -differs from Philo Judæus (i. p. 25.), the only two -authorities to whom we owe the preservation of -this ode, as also from the text of the critic Brunck -and the grammarian Dalzell. An imitation of the -Greek metres is attempted in the paraphrased -translation attached. The second is a sonnet from -Tusser, who extends the period of life beyond -seventy, the age of Solon and David in hotter -climes, to eighty-four for hyperboreans, but assigns, -with David, the imbecility belonging to -such advanced years.</p> - -<div class="poem"> - <div class="stanza"> - <p class="i1">7. Παῖς μὲν ἄνηβος ἐὼν ἔτι νήπιος ἕρκος ὀδόντων</p> - <p class="i2">Φύσας, ἐκβάλλει πρῶτον ἐν ἕπτ' ἔτεσιν.</p> - </div> - <div class="stanza"> - <p>14. Τοὺς δ' ἑτέρους ὅτε δὴ τελέσει Θεὸς ἕπτ' ἐνιαυτοὺς,</p> - <p class="i2">Ἥβης ἐκφαίνει σπέρματα γεινομένης.</p> - </div> - <div class="stanza"> - <p>21. Τῇ τριτατῃ δὲ γένειον ἀεξομένων ἐπὶ γυίων</p> - <p class="i2">Λαχνοῦται, χροιῆς ἄνθος ἀμειβομένης.</p> - </div> - <div class="stanza"> - <p>28. Τῇ δὲ τετάρτῃ πᾶς τις ἐν ἑβδομάδι μέγ' ἄριστος</p> - <p class="i2">Ἰσχὺν, ἥντ' ἄνδρες σήματ' ἔχουσ' ἀρετῆς.</p> - </div> - <div class="stanza"> - <p>35. Πέμπτῃ δ' ὥριον ἄνδρα γάμου μεμνημένον εἶναι.</p> - <p class="i2">Καὶ παίδων ζητεῖν εἰς ὀπίσω γενεήν.</p> - </div> - <div class="stanza"> - <p>42. Τῇ δ' ἕκτῃ περιπάντα καταρτύεται γόος ἀνδρὸς,</p> - <p class="i2">Οὐδ' ἐσιδεῖν ἔθ' ὁμῶς ἔργα μάταια θέλει.</p> - </div> - <div class="stanza"> - <p>49. Ἑπτὰ δὲ νοῦν καὶ<a name="footnotetag1" href="#footnote1"><sup>[1]</sup></a> γλώσσαν ἐν ἑβδομάσι μέγ' ἄριστος·</p> - </div> - <div class="stanza"> - <p>56. Οκτὼ δ' ἀμφοτέρων τέσσαρα καὶ δέκ' ἔτη,</p> - </div> - <div class="stanza"> - <p>63. Τῇ δ' ἐνάτῃ ἔτι μὲν δύναται, μετριώτερα δ' αὐτοῦ,</p> - <p class="i2">Πρὸς μεγάλην ἀρετὴν σῶμά τε καὶ δύναμις.</p> - </div> - <div class="stanza"> - <p>70. Τῇ δεκάτῃ δ' ὅτε δὴ τελέσῃ Θεὸς ἕπτ' ἐνιαυτοὺς,</p> - <p class="i2">Οὐκ ἂν ἄωρος ἐὼν μοῖραν ἔχοι θανάτου.</p> - </div> -</div> - -<div class="poem"> - <div class="stanza"> - <p class="i1">7. Youth immature, not a tooth in his jaws, while an infant he slumbers</p> - <p class="i2">Growing, shows teeth i' th' first seven years of his life.</p> - </div> - <div class="stanza"> - <p>14. God, in the next seven years, to him grants ev'ry pow'r of production;</p> - <p class="i2">Thus soon commands man, sacred, to look on the sex.</p> - </div> - <div class="stanza"> - <p>21. Thirdly, his beard, while it roughens his chin; and his limbs, freely playing,</p> - <p class="i2">Grow lust'rously-bright, changing their flowery hue.</p> - </div> - <div class="stanza"> - <p>28. Fourth, in this sev'n-fold older, the <i>man</i> very speedily shoots forth,</p> - <p class="i2">Mighty in muscular limbs, proud of his vigour and strength.<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_241"></a>{241}</span></p> - </div> - <div class="stanza"> - <p>35. Fifth, in maturity, glowing in health, with his heart in the right place,</p> - <p class="i2">Let him, wisdom-join'd, think upon children to come.</p> - </div> - <div class="stanza"> - <p>42. Sixth, let him carefully ponder on things of importance to mankind;</p> - <p class="i2">Disdaining whate'er, formerly, foolish he sought.</p> - </div> - <div class="stanza"> - <p>49. Seventh, in mind or in tongue is he best, either one or the other:</p> - </div> - <div class="stanza"> - <p>56. Eighth, both join'd in excelling, for a term of fourteen.</p> - </div> - <div class="stanza"> - <p>63. Ninth, he declines in his powers of force, and the deeds of his youthhood;</p> - <p class="i2">Shorn of the vigour of manhood, he awaits his recall.</p> - </div> - <div class="stanza"> - <p>70. God in the tenth of the seven, mature, all his functions develop'd,</p> - <p class="i2">Consigns him, full ripe, darkly to sleep in the dust.</p> - </div> -</div> - -<p>So far Solon. Tusser quaintly but wisely:</p> - -<div class="poem"> - <div class="stanza"> - <p class="i2">"Man's age divided here ye have,</p> - <p class="i2">By 'prenticeships, from birth to grave.</p> - </div> - <div class="stanza"> - <p class="i1">7. The first seven years bring up as a child,</p> - <p>14. The next to learning, for waxing too wild.</p> - <p>21. The next, keep under Sir Hobbard de Hoy;</p> - <p>28. The next, a man, no longer a boy.</p> - <p>35. The next, let Lusty lay wisely to wive;</p> - <p>42. The next, lay now, or else never to thrive.</p> - <p>49. The next, make sure for term of thy life;</p> - <p>56. The next, save somewhat for children and wife.</p> - <p>63. The next, be stayd, give over thy lust;</p> - <p>70. The next, think hourly, whither thou must.</p> - <p>77. The next, get chair and crutches to stay;</p> - <p>84. The next, to heaven God send us the way!</p> - </div> - <div class="stanza"> - <p class="i2">Who loseth their youth shall rue it in age.</p> - <p class="i2">Who hateth the truth in sorrow shall rage."</p> - </div> -</div> - -<p class="author"><span class="sc">T. J. Buckton.</span></p> - -<p>Birmingham.</p> - -<div class="note"> - -<p><a name="footnote1"></a><b>Footnote 1:</b><a href="#footnotetag1">(return)</a></p> - -<p>Read ἢ for καὶ.</p> - -</div> - -<p><i>"Contents dies"—Love's Labour's Lost, Act V. -Sc. 2.</i> (Vol. viii., pp. 120. 169.).—I must be -permitted, with all due courtesy, to correct <span class="sc">Mr. -Arrowsmith's</span> assertion respecting this phrase; -because, from its dogmatic tone, it is calculated -to mislead readers, and perhaps editors. He -maintains that this is a good concord, and pronounces -Johnson and Collier (myself, of course, -included) to be "unacquainted with the usage of -their own tongue, and the universal language of -thought," for not discerning it.</p> - -<p>Now it may, perhaps, surprise <span class="sc">Mr. Arrowsmith</span> -to be told that he has proved nothing—that not a -single one of his instances is relevant. In this -passage the verb is <i>neuter</i> or <i>active</i>; in all of his -quotations it is the verb <i>substantive</i> we meet. -Surely one so well versed, as we must suppose him -to be, in general grammar, requires not to be told -that this verb takes the same case after as before -it, and that the governing case often follows. -Indeed, he has recognised this principle by giving -"This is the contents thereof" as one of his instances -of "contents" governing a singular verb. -Let him then produce an <i>exact</i> parallel to "contents -dies," or even such a structure as this, "the contents -<i>is</i> lies and calumnies," and then we may -hearken to him. Till that has been done, my interpretation -is the only one that gives sense to the -passage without altering the text.</p> - -<p>An exact parallel to the sense in which I take -"contents" is found in—</p> - -<div class="poem"> - <div class="stanza"> - <p>"But heaven hath a hand in these events,</p> - <p>To whose high will we bound our calmly <i>contents</i>."</p> - </div> - <div class="stanza"> - <p class="i12"><i>Rich. II.</i>, Act V. Sc. 2.</p> - </div> -</div> - -<p>In conclusion, I must add that I still regard this -emendatory criticism as a "game," the Latin -<i>ludus</i>, as it gives scope to sagacity and ingenuity, -but can rarely hope to arrive at certainty; and it -does not, like questions of ethics or politics, involve -important interests, and should never excite our -angry feelings. As to "cogging and falsification," -which <span class="sc">Mr. A.</span> joins with it, they can have no just -reference to <i>me</i>, as I have never descended to the -employment of such artifices.</p> - -<p class="author"><span class="sc">Thos. Keightley.</span></p> - -<p>P. S.—I have just seen H. C. K.'s observation -on "clamour your tongues" in the <i>Winter's Tale</i>, -and it really seems strange that he should not -have read, or should have forgotten my view of it -in "N. & Q.," which is precisely similar to his -own. As to suspecting him of pilfering from me, -nothing is farther from my thoughts.</p> - -<p><i>Meaning of Delighted.</i>—With reference to the -word <i>delighted</i> in Shakspeare, much discussed in -"N. & Q.," may I remind you that we call that -which carries (or is furnished, or provided with) -wings, <i>winged</i>; that which carries wheels, <i>wheeled</i>; -that which carries masts, <i>masted</i>; and so on. Why -then should not a pre-Johnsonian writer call that -which carries delight, <i>delighted</i>? It appears to -me that this will sufficiently explain "delighted -beauty;" and "the delighted spirit" I would -account for in the same way: only remarking that -in this case, the borne delights meant are delights -to the bearer; in the other case, delights to all -whom the bearer approaches.</p> - -<p class="author">J. W. F.</p> - -<hr class="full" /> - -<h3>Minor Notes.</h3> - -<p><i>Gray—"The ploughman homeward plods."</i>—On -looking over some MSS. which I had not seen -for years, I met with one of which the following is -a copy:</p> - -<blockquote> - -<p>"A person had a paper folded with this line from -Gray marked on it—</p> - -<div class="poem"> - <div class="stanza"> - <p>'The ploughman homewards plods his weary way.'</p> - </div> -</div> - -<p>A poetical friend, on looking at the quotation, thought -it might be expressed in various ways without destroying<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_242"></a>{242}</span> -the rhyme, or altering the sense. In a short time -he produced the following eleven different readings. -It is doubtful whether another line can be found, the -words of which admit of so many transpositions, and -still retain the original meaning:—</p> - -<div class="poem"> - <div class="stanza"> - <p class="i1">1. The weary ploughman plods his homeward way.</p> - <p class="i1">2. The weary ploughman homeward plods his way.</p> - <p class="i1">3. The ploughman, weary, plods his homeward way.</p> - <p class="i1">4. The ploughman weary homeward plods his way.</p> - <p class="i1">5. Weary the ploughman plods his homeward way.</p> - <p class="i1">6. Weary the ploughman homeward plods his way.</p> - <p class="i1">7. Homeward the ploughman plods his weary way.</p> - <p class="i1">8. Homeward the ploughman weary plods his way.</p> - <p class="i1">9. Homeward the weary ploughman plods his way.</p> - <p>10. The homeward ploughman weary plods his way.</p> - <p>11. The homeward ploughman plods his weary way."</p> - </div> -</div> - -</blockquote> - -<p>I know not whether this has ever appeared in -print. To me it is new, at least it was, as I now -recollect, when I read it several years ago; but -as the exercise is ingenious, I thought I would -trespass on "N. & Q." with it, so that, if not heretofore -printed or known, it might be made "a note -of."</p> - -<p class="author"><span class="sc">A Hermit at Hampstead.</span></p> - -<p><i>Poetical Tavern Signs.</i>—Passing through Dudley -the other day, I jotted down two signs worthy, I -think, of a place in "N. & Q."</p> - -<p>No. 1. rejoices in the cognomen of the "Lame -Dog" with the following distich:</p> - -<div class="poem"> - <div class="stanza"> - <p>"Step in, my friend, and rest awhile,</p> - <p>And help the Lame Dog over the style."</p> - </div> -</div> - -<p>No. 2., with a spirited representation of a round -of beef, invites her Majesty's subjects thus:</p> - -<div class="poem"> - <div class="stanza"> - <p>"If you are hungry, or adry,</p> - <p class="i1">Or your stomach out of order,</p> - <p>Their's sure relief at the 'Round of Beef,'</p> - <p class="i1">For both these two disorders."</p> - </div> -</div> - -<p class="author"><span class="sc">R. C. Warde.</span></p> - -<p>Kidderminster.</p> - -<p><i>"Aquæ in Vinum conversæ. Vidit et erubuit lympha -pudica Deum."</i>—The interesting note under -this title (Vol. vi., p. 358.) refers to Campbell's -<i>Poets</i>. The following is an extract from Campbell:</p> - -<blockquote> - -<p>"Richard Crashaw there [Cambridge] published his -Latin poems, in one of which is the epigram from a -Scripture passage:</p> - -<div class="poem"> - <div class="stanza"> - <p>"<i>Lympha</i> pudica Deum vidit et <i>erubuit</i>.'"</p> - </div> - <div class="stanza"> - <p class="i4">Campbell's <i>Brit. Poets</i>, ed. 1841, p. 198.</p> - </div> -</div> - -</blockquote> - -<p>In the <i>Poemata Anglorum Latina</i> is the following -epigram on our Saviour's first miracle at the -marriage feast:</p> - -<div class="poem"> - <div class="stanza"> - <p>"Unde rubor vestris et non sua purpura lymphis,</p> - <p>Quæ rosa mirantes tam nova mutat aquas?</p> - <p>Numen (convivæ) præsens agnoscite numen—</p> - <p>Vidit et erubuit <i>nympha</i> pudica Deum."</p> - </div> -</div> - -<p>I presume this epigram is Crashaw's poem to -which Campbell refers; but query. Until I saw -the note in "N. & Q.," I supposed that the celebrated -line—</p> - -<div class="poem"> - <div class="stanza"> - <p>"Lympha pudica Deum vidit et erubuit."</p> - </div> -</div> - -<p>was the happy <i>ex tempore</i> produce of Dryden's -early genius, when a boy, at Westminster School. -If the epigram which I have copied is the original, -the last line is surely much improved by the (traditional) -line which Campbell has recorded. Surely -<i>lympha</i> is preferable to <i>nympha</i>; and surely the -order of the word erubuit ending the line is the -best.</p> - -<p class="author">F. W. J.</p> - -<p><i>Spurious Edition of Baily's "Annuities"</i> (Vol. iv., -p. 19.).—In the place just referred to, I pointed -out how to distinguish the spurious editions, among -other marks, by the <i>title-page</i>. I looked at a copy -on a stall a few days ago, and found that <i>the title-page -has been changed</i>. Those who have reprinted -it have chosen the old title-page, which -stood in the work before two volumes were made -of it.</p> - -<p class="author"><span class="sc">A. De Morgan.</span></p> - -<p><i>"Illustrium Poetarum Flores."</i>—On leaving -London I thought of bringing with me two or -three pocket classics; unfortunately, in looking -for them, I picked up <i>Illustrium Poetarum Flores -per Octavianum Mirandulam olim Collecti</i>, &c., -Londini, 1651, and brought that little book with -me instead; and, upon looking into it, I find it the -worst printed book I ever saw; and I send you -this Note as to it, as a warning against so disgraceful -a publication. Such a work, if well -executed and properly printed, would be a very -pleasant companion in a vacation ramble.</p> - -<p class="author">S. G. C.</p> - -<p><i>French Jeux d'Esprit.</i>—In the spring of 1852, -when Prince Louis Napoleon was doing all he -could to secure the imperial crown, the following -hexameter line was passed from mouth to mouth -by the Legitimates. I am inclined to think that it -never appeared in print:</p> - -<div class="poem"> - <div class="stanza"> - <p>"Napoleo cupit Imperium, indeque Gallia ridet."</p> - </div> -</div> - -<p>Which translated <i>mot-à-mot</i> gives a clever -double sense:</p> - -<div class="poem"> - <div class="stanza"> - <p>"Napoléon désire l'empire, et la France <i>en rit</i> [<i>Henri</i>]."</p> - </div> -</div> - -<p class="author"><span class="sc">J. H. de H.</span></p> - -<hr class="full" /> - -<h2>Queries.</h2> - -<h3>SAMUEL WILSON.</h3> - -<p>I should be glad of any information respecting -Samuel Wilson, Esq., of Hatton Garden, in the -parish of St. Andrew, Holborn, whose will was -proved October 24, 1769, and which I have read. -He was the donor of the bequest, known as -"Wilson's Charity," to the Corporation of the<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_243"></a>{243}</span> -City of London, for loans to poor tradesmen. I -wish to ask,—</p> - -<p>1. What is known of his origin, family, personal -history, &c.?</p> - -<p>2. What was his precise degree of relationship -to the Halseys, whom he calls "cousins" in his -will? Were they related to the family of that -name at Great Gaddesden, Herts?</p> - -<p>3. Did he publish any, and what, letters or -books? for he leaves his MSS. of every kind to -his friend Richard Glover, Esq. (the poet I presume), -with full power to collect any letters or -papers he may have already published, and also -to arrange and publish any more which he may -think intended or suitable for publication.</p> - -<p>4. Is there any published sketch of his life? -The only notice I have seen is the one of a few -lines in the <i>Gentleman's Magazine</i>, just after his -death.</p> - -<p>In compliance with your excellent suggestion -(Vol. vii., p. 2.), I send my address in a stamped -envelope for any private communication which -may not interest the general reader.</p> - -<p class="author">E. A. D.</p> - -<hr class="full" /> - -<h3>Minor Queries.</h3> - -<p><i>The Rothwell Family.</i>—When William Flower, -Esq., Norroy, confirmed the ancient arms of this -family to Stephen Rothwell, gent., of Ewerby, -county of Lincoln, on the 1st April, 1585, and -granted a crest (no such being found to his ancient -arms), the said Stephen Rothwell was stated to be -"ex sui cognominis familia antiqua in comitatu -Lancastriæ oriundus." Can any of the readers of -"N. & Q." give any information respecting the -family from which he is stated to be descended?</p> - -<p class="author"><span class="sc">Glaius.</span></p> - -<p><i>Definition of a Proverb.</i>—Where can I find -the source whence I. D'Israeli took his definition -of a proverb, viz. "The wisdom of many and the -wit of one?"</p> - -<p class="author"><span class="sc">C. Mansfield Ingleby.</span></p> - -<p>Birmingham.</p> - -<p><i>Latin Riddle.</i>—Aulus Gellius (<i>Noctes Atticæ</i>, -lib. <span class="allsmcap">XII.</span> cap. vi.) proposes the following enigma, -which he terms "Per hercle antiquum, perque lepidum:"</p> - -<div class="poem"> - <div class="stanza"> - <p>"Semel minusne, an bis minus, non sat scio,</p> - <p>An utrumque eorum, ut quondam audivi dicier</p> - <p>Jovi ipsi regi noluit concedere."</p> - </div> -</div> - -<p>The answer he withholds for the usual reason, -"Ut legentium conjecturas in requirendo acueremus."</p> - -<p>Is there among the readers of "N. & Q." an -Œdipus who will furnish a solution?</p> - -<p class="author"><span class="sc">R. Price.</span></p> - -<p>St. Ives.</p> - -<p><i>D. Ferrand—French Patois.</i>—Hallman, in the -7th chapter of his <i>Poesie und Beredsamkeit der -Franzosen</i>, gives several specimens of the French -provincial poets of the sixteenth century, and -among these the following from a poem on the dispersing -of a meeting of Huguenots by the soldiers:</p> - -<div class="poem"> - <div class="stanza"> - <p>"Quand des guerriers fut la troupe entinchée</p> - <p>Non n'aleguet le dire du Prescheux,</p> - <p>Que pour souffrir l'ame est de Dieu tombée,</p> - <p>Femme et Mary, comme le fianchée,</p> - <p>Pour se sauver quitest leu zamoreux</p> - <p>En s'enfiant ocun n'avet envie,</p> - <p>De discourir de l'Eternelle vie,</p> - <p>Sainct Pol estet en alieur guissement</p> - <p>No ne palet de Bible en Apostille</p> - <p>Qui en eut palé quand fut en un moment</p> - <p>Les pretendus grippez par la Soudrille.</p> - </div> - <div class="stanza"> - <p>"Le milleur fut quand la troupe enrangée</p> - <p>Fut aux Fauxbourgs, hors de lieu perilleux,</p> - <p>Car tiel n'estet o combat qu'on Pygmée,</p> - <p>Qui se diset o milieu de stermée</p> - <p>S'estre monstre un géant orgueilleux</p> - <p>Les femmes ossi disest ma sœur, m'amie,</p> - <p>De tout su brit ie sis toute espamie,</p> - <p>Petit troupeau que tu as de tourment,</p> - <p>Pour supporter le faix de l'Evangile</p> - <p>Souffrira-t-on qu'on vaye impudement</p> - <p>Les pretendus grippez par la Soudrille."</p> - </div> - <div class="stanza"> - <p class="i8">D. Ferrand, <i>Inv. Gen.</i>, p. 304.</p> - </div> -</div> - -<p>Hallman gives no farther information. I shall -be glad if any of your readers can tell me who -D. Ferrand was, what he wrote, and of what province -the above is the <i>patois</i>.</p> - -<p class="author"><span class="sc">B. Snow.</span></p> - -<p>Birmingham.</p> - -<p><i>"Fac precor, Jesu benigne," &c.</i>—In the <i>Sacra -Privata</i>, new edition, Bishop Wilson quotes the -following lines:</p> - -<div class="poem"> - <div class="stanza"> - <p class="i8">"Fac precor,</p> - <p>Jesu benigne, cogitem</p> - <p>Hæc semper, ut semper tibi</p> - <p>Summoque Patri, gratias</p> - <p>Agam, pieque vos colam,</p> - <p>Totâque mente diligam."</p> - </div> -</div> - -<p>Can any of your readers inform me where they -come from?</p> - -<p class="author"><span class="sc">William Denton.</span></p> - -<p><i>The Arms of De Sissonne.</i>—Can any of your -correspondents inform me where I could find a -copy of <i>Histoire Généalogique de la Maison Royale -de France</i>, or any other work in which are blazoned -the arms of "De Sissonne" of Normandy, -connected with that regal house?</p> - -<p class="author">J. L. S.</p> - -<p><i>Sir George Brown.</i>—Sir George Brown, of West -Stafford, Berks, and of Wickham Breaux, Kent, -married Eleanor, daughter of Sir R. Blount, of -Maple Durham, Oxon; and by her had issue several -children, and amongst them one son Richard, who -was a child under five years of age in 1623. I -shall feel obliged if any of your correspondents -can tell me where I can find a pedigree of this -Richard, and in particular whether he married,<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_244"></a>{244}</span> -whom he married, and the names of his several -children, if any.</p> - -<p class="author"><span class="sc">Newburiensis.</span></p> - -<p><i>Professional Poems.</i>—Can you tell me who is -the author of <i>Professional Poems by a Professional -Gentleman</i>, 12mo., 1827, published at Wolverhampton; -and by Longman, London?</p> - -<p class="author"><span class="sc">Gw.</span></p> - -<p><i>"A mockery," &c.</i>—Whence is the quotation, -"A mockery, a delusion, and a snare?"</p> - -<p class="author">W. P.</p> - -<p><i>Passage in Whiston.</i>—In <i>Taylor on Original -Sin</i>, Lond. 1746, p. 94., it is said:</p> - -<blockquote> - -<p>"Mr. Whiston maintains that regeneration is a -literal and physical <i>being born again</i>, and is granted to -the faithful at the beginning of the millennium."</p> - -</blockquote> - -<p>The marginal reference is, <i>Whiston on Original -Sin, &c.</i>, p. 68.</p> - -<p>I cannot find the book or the doctrine in any -collection of Whiston's writings which I have met -with; but as he was a copious writer and a versatile -theologian, both may exist. Can any reader -of "N. & Q." tell me where to find them?</p> - -<p class="author">J. T.</p> - -<p><i>Shoulder Knots and Epaulettes.</i>—What is the -origin of the shoulder knot, and its ancient use? -Has it and the epaulette a common origin?</p> - -<p class="author"><span class="sc">Getsrn.</span></p> - -<p><i>The Yew Tree in Village Churchyards.</i>—Why -did our forefathers choose the yew as the inseparable -attendant upon the outer state of the churches -raised by them? Apart from its grave and -sombre appearance, I cannot help recognising a -mysterious embodiment of the spirit of evil as the -intention of the planters. We know that in all -mediæval edifices there is an apparent and discernible -endeavour to place in juxta-position the -spirits of good and evil, to <i>materialise</i> the idea of -an adversative spirit, antagonistic to the church's -teachings, and hurtful to her efforts of advancement. -I look upon the grotesque cephalic corbels -as one modification of this, and would interpret -many equally mysterious emblems by referring -them to the same actuating desire. Now the yew -is certainly the most deadly of indigenous productions, -and therefore would be chosen as the -representative of a spirit of destruction, the opposite -to one that giveth life by its teachings, of -which the building itself is the sensible sign. I -crave more information from some learned ecclesiologist -on the subject, which is certainly a most -interesting one.</p> - -<p class="author"><span class="sc">R. C. Warde.</span></p> - -<p>Kidderminster.</p> - -<p><i>Passage in Tennyson.</i>—</p> - -<div class="poem"> - <div class="stanza"> - <p>"Or underneath the barren bush,</p> - <p>Flits by <i>the blue seabird of March</i>."</p> - </div> -</div> - -<p>In <i>Memoriam</i>, xc. What bird is meant?</p> - -<p class="author">W. T. M.</p> - -<p>Hong Kong.</p> - -<p><i>"When the Maggot bites."</i>—A note will oblige -to explain the origin of the phrase, that a thing -done on the spur of the moment is done "When -the maggot bites."</p> - -<p class="author"><span class="sc">Anon.</span></p> - -<p><i>Eclipses of the Sun.</i>—Where can I find a list -of solar eclipses that have taken place since the -time of the invasion of Julius Cæsar? I am -greatly in want of this information, and shall be -grateful to any correspondent who will give me -the reference required.</p> - -<p class="author"><span class="sc">C. Mansfield Ingleby.</span></p> - -<p>Birmingham.</p> - -<p><i>"An" before "u" long.</i>—I should be much -obliged to any of my fellow-students of "N. & Q." -who would answer the following Query: What -is the reason of the increasingly prevailing custom -of writing <i>an</i> before words beginning with <i>u</i> long, -or with diphthongs having the sound of <i>u</i> long? -Surely a written language is perfect in proportion -as it represents the spoken tongue; if so, this is -one of the many instances in which modern -fashions are making English orthography still -more inconsistent than it was wont to be. It appears -to me just as reasonable to say "<i>an youthful</i> -(pronounced <i>yoothful</i>) person," as "<i>an useful</i> -(pronounced <i>yooseful</i>) person."</p> - -<p>If there is a satisfactory reason for the practice, -I shall be delighted to be corrected but, if not, I -would fain see the fashion "nipped in the bud."</p> - -<p class="author"><span class="sc">Benjamin Dawson.</span></p> - -<p>London.</p> - -<p><i>Reversible Names.</i>—Some female names spell -backwards and forwards the same, as <i>Hannah</i>, <i>Anna</i>, -<i>Eve</i>, <i>Ada</i>: so also does <i>madam</i>, which is feminine. -Is this in the nature of things, or can any one produce -a reversible <i>proprium quod maribus</i>? No -arguments, but instances; no surnames, which are -epicene; no obsolete names, such as <i>Odo</i>, of which -it may be suspected that they have died precisely -because an attempt was made to marify them: or -say, rather, that Odo, to live masculine, was obliged -to become Otho. Failing instances, I shall maintain -that <i>varium et mutabile semper femina</i> only -means that whatever reads backwards and forwards -the same, is always feminine.</p> - -<p class="author">M.</p> - -<p><i>Gilbert White of Selborne.</i>—Can any of the -correspondents of "N. & Q." inform me whether -any portrait, painted, engraved, or sculptured, -exists of this celebrated naturalist; and if so, a -reference to it will greatly oblige</p> - -<p class="author">W. A. L.</p> - -<p>St. John's Square.</p> - -<p><i>Hoby, Family of; their Portraits, &c.</i>—In the -parish church of Bisham, in the county of Berks, -are some fine and costly monuments to the memory -of several members of this family, who were -long resident in the old conventual building there. -Are there any engravings of these monuments?<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_245"></a>{245}</span> -And if so, in what work; or where are the inscriptions -to be met with? I possess two fine -engraved portraits of this family: the originals by -Hans Holbein are said to be in "His Majesty's -Collection;" where are the originals now? Do -they still adorn the walls of Windsor Castle? The -one is inscribed—</p> - -<blockquote> - -<p>"Phillip Hobbie, Knight."</p> - -</blockquote> - -<p>The other—</p> - -<blockquote> - -<p>"The Lady Hobbie."</p> - -</blockquote> - -<p>The orthography of the names is the same as -engraved on the portraits. The former was Sir -Philip Hoby, one of the Privy Council to King -Henry VIII.; and the lady was, I believe, the -wife of Sir Thomas Hoby, of Leominster, co. -Hereford, who died in 1596, aged thirty-six. Was -this the learned Lady Hoby, who wrote one of the -epitaphs above referred to? Are there any other -portraits of members of this ancient, but now -extinct family, in existence? They bore for arms, -"Arg. three spindles in fesse gules, threaded or." -What was their crest and motto?</p> - -<p class="author"><span class="sc">J. B. Whitborne.</span></p> - -<p><i>Portrait of Sir Anthony Wingfield.</i>—Can any -person inform me where the picture of Sir Anthony -Wingfield is, described in Horace Walpole's -<i>Letters</i>, and which he saw in an old house in -Suffolk belonging to the family of Naunton, descended -from Secretary Naunton, temp. James I.; -he says:</p> - -<blockquote> - -<p>"Sir Anthony Wingfield, who, having his hand -tucked into his girdle, the housekeeper told us had had -his fingers cut off by Henry VIII."</p> - -</blockquote> - -<p class="author">Q.</p> - -<p><i>Lofcopp, Lufcopp, or Luvcopp.</i>—In some of -the charters granted by our earlier monarchs -(Henry I. for instance), there is contained a grant -of a toll called <i>lofcopp</i>, <i>lufcopp</i>, or <i>luvcopp</i>. Could -any of your correspondents give me any farther -information respecting the meaning of the word, -than is contained in the first Volume of "N. & Q.," -pp. 319. 371.?</p> - -<p class="author"><span class="sc">J. Ctus.</span></p> - -<p><i>Humming Ale.</i>—Having lately met with the -above epithet applied to ale in one of James's -novels (<i>Forest Days</i>), I should be glad to know -its meaning.</p> - -<p class="author">W. H. P.</p> - -<hr class="full" /> - -<h3>Minor Queries with Answers.</h3> - -<p><i>Dr. Richard Sherlock.</i>—Dr. Richard Sherlock, -afterwards Vicar of Winwick, had his first cure in -Ireland. I should be glad to know where he officiated, -and to receive any information respecting -him beyond what is met with in his nephew, -Bishop Wilson's, life of him.</p> - -<p class="author"><span class="sc">William Denton.</span></p> - -<div class="note"> - -<p>[A few additional notes have been added to Bishop -Wilson's <i>Life of Dr. Richard Sherlock</i>, in the seventh -edition, 2 vols. 1841-44. The editor, the Rev. H. H. -Sherlock, M. A., has the following note on his first -cure in Ireland: "Wood (<i>Athen. Oxon.</i>, vol. iv. p. 259. -Bliss) leads us to suppose that Dr. Sherlock was ordained -immediately after taking his Master's degree, -and adds, that 'soon after he became minister of several -small parishes in Ireland, united together, and -yielding no more than 80<i>l.</i> a year.' The editor has not -been able to obtain any particulars of his ordination, -nor the names of the united parishes in Ireland where -he ministered. Canonically, he could not have been -ordained earlier than <span class="allsmcap">A. D.</span> 1636."]</p> - -</div> - -<p><i>Cardinal Fleury and Bishop Wilson.</i>—There -exists a tradition to the effect that during a war -between this country and France, Cardinal Fleury -gave directions to the French cruisers not to molest -the Island of Man, and this out of regard to -the character of its apostolic bishop, Wilson. I -should be glad to know whether any and what -authority can be assigned for this story.</p> - -<p class="author"><span class="sc">William Denton.</span></p> - -<div class="note"> - -<p>[The story rests upon the authority of the Rev. C. -Cruttwell, the bishop's biographer and editor. The -following passage occurs in the <i>Life of Bishop Wilson</i>, -vol. i. p. 226 of his <i>Works</i>, third edition, 8vo., 1784, -and in the folio edition, p. 57.:—"Cardinal Fleury -wanted much to see him [the bishop], and sent over -on purpose to inquire after his health, his age, -and the date of his consecration; as they were the -two oldest bishops, and he believed the poorest, in -Europe; at the same time inviting him to France. -The Bishop sent the Cardinal an answer, which gave -him so high an opinion of him, that he obtained an -order that no French privateer should ravage the Isle -of Man." Feltham, in his <i>Tour through the Isle of Man</i>, -1798, after quoting this story, adds, "And that the -French still respect a Manksman, some recent instances -confirm."]</p> - -</div> - -<p><i>Dr. Dodd a Dramatist.</i>—I have seen it somewhere -stated, that after Dr. Dodd's trial, he sent -for Mr. Woodfall to consult him respecting the -publication of a comedy he had written in his -youth, entitled <i>Sir Roger de Coverley</i>, and which -he had actually revised and completed while in -Newgate. Was it ever published; and if not, -where is the MS.?</p> - -<p class="author"><span class="sc">V. T. Sternberg.</span></p> - -<div class="note"> - -<p>[Woodfall's interview with Dr. Dodd at the Old -Bailey, is given in Cooke's <i>Memoirs of Samuel Foote</i>, -vol. i. p. 195., and is quoted in Baker's <i>Biographia -Dramatica</i>, vol. iii. p. 278., edit. 1812. It appears -that Dodd's comedy was commenced in his earlier -days, and finished during his confinement in Newgate; -but was neither acted nor printed. In a pamphlet, -entitled <i>Historical Memoirs of the Life and Writings of -the late Rev. William Dodd</i>, published anonymously in -1777, but attributed to Mr. Reed, it is stated at p. 4., -that "<i>Sir Roger de Coverley</i> is now in the hands of -Mr. Harris of Covent Garden Theatre."]</p> - -</div> - -<p><i>Trosachs.</i>—Can I learn through "N. & Q." the -derivation and meaning of the name <i>Trosachs</i>, as<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_246"></a>{246}</span> -applied to the mountain pass bordering on Loch -Katrine?</p> - -<p class="author">J. G. T.</p> - -<p>Trosachs Hotel.</p> - -<div class="note"> - -<p>[The name Trosachs signifies in Gaelic the <i>rough</i> or -<i>bristled territory</i>; a signification perfectly applicable to -the confused mass of abrupt crags which, in some convulsion -of nature, has been separated from the neighbouring -mountains of Ben Vennu and Ben An. This -glen was first rendered an object of popular attention -by Sir Walter Scott, in his poem of <i>The Lady of the -Lake</i>.]</p> - -</div> - -<p><i>Quarter.</i>—Whence comes the use of the word -<i>Quarter</i>, as applied to sparing of life in battle?</p> - -<p class="author">J. G. T.</p> - -<p>Trosachs Hotel.</p> - -<div class="note"> - -<p>[A correspondent of the <i>Gent. Mag.</i>, vol. lxvi. p. 920., -suggests, that it may be traced to the reverence for the -sacred symbol of our faith, which the early Christian -warriors wore depicted on their military habiliments. -Orlando, who bore this emblem on his shield, was -called 'Il Cavaliere del Quartiero;' though it is something -singular that he won the device from Almonte, a -<i>Saracen</i> chief.]</p> - -</div> - -<hr class="full" /> - -<h2>Replies.</h2> - -<h3>JACOB BÖHME, OR BEHMEN.</h3> - -<p class="center">(Vol. viii., p. 13.)</p> - -<p>Some farther particulars respecting the writings -of that remarkable character, who, according to -your correspondent, "led astray William Law, -and through him tinctured the religious philosophy -of Coleridge, and from whom Schelling stole -the corner-stones of his <i>Philosophy of Nature</i>," -may perhaps interest the readers of "N. & Q."</p> - -<p>Who Böhme, or Behmen, was, may be seen by -a reference to Francis Okely's <i>Memoir</i> of him, -and to the article in the <i>Penny Cyclopædia</i> (vol. v. -p. 61.) written by Dr. Bialloblotzky; which, with -the exception of a few trifling errors, is carefully -compiled. The true character of his philosophy -has been ably and fully described in the later -writings of William Law, especially in his <i>Animadversions -on Dr. Trapp</i> (at the end of <i>An Appeal -to all that Doubt or Disbelieve the Truths of Revelation</i>); -in <i>The Way to Divine Knowledge</i>; <i>The -Spirit of Love</i>; his <i>Letters</i>; and in the fragment -of a <i>Dialogue</i>, prefixed to the first of the four -volumes in 4to. of Behmen's <i>Works</i>.</p> - -<p>Behmen's writings first became generally known -in this country by translations of the most important -of them by a gentleman of the name of -Ellistone, and of minor ones by Mr. Humphrey -Blunden and others. Ellistone dying before he -had completed the translation of the great work -upon <i>Genesis</i>, it was continued by his cousin, -John Sparrow, a barrister in the Temple; who -also translated and published the remainder of -Behmen's writings in the English language. Respecting -these individuals, William Law, in a -letter written in reply to one received from a -Mr. Stephen Penny, speaks in the following terms:</p> - -<blockquote> - -<p>"The translators of Jacob Behmen, Ellistone and -Sparrow, are much to be honoured for their work; -they had great piety and great abilities, and well apprehended -their author, especially Ellistone: but the -translation is <i>too much loaded with words</i>, and in many -places <i>the sense is mistaken</i>.<a name="footnotetag2" href="#footnote2"><sup>[2]</sup></a></p> - -<p>"A new translator of Jacob Behmen is not to have -it in intention to make his author more intelligible by -softening or refining his language. His style is what -it is, strange and uncommon; not because he wanted -learning and skill in words, but because what he saw -and conceived was quite new and strange, never seen -or spoken of before; and therefore if he was to put it -down in writing, words must be used to signify that -which they had never done before.</p> - -<p>"If it shall please God that I undertake this work, -I shall only endeavour to make Jacob Behmen speak -as he would have spoken, had he wrote in English. -Secondly, to guard the reader at certain places from -wrong apprehensions of his meaning, by adding here -and there a note, as occasion requires. Thirdly, and -chiefly, by Prefaces or Introductions to prepare and -direct the reader in the true use of these writings. -This last is most of all necessary, and yet would be entirely -needless, if the reader would but observe Jacob -Behmen's own directions. For there is not an error, -defect, or wrong turn, which the reader can fall into, -in the use of these books, but is most plainly set before -him by Jacob Behmen.</p> - -<p>"Many persons of learning in the last century read -Jacob Behmen with great earnestness; but it was only, -as it were, to steal from him certain mysteries of -Nature, and to run away with the philosopher's stone; -and yet nowhere could they see the folly and impossibility -of their attempt so fully shown them, as by -Jacob Behmen himself."</p> - -</blockquote> - -<p>A well-engraved portrait of John Sparrow may -occasionally be met with in some of the small -quarto English treatises of Behmen.</p> - -<p>The four-volume edition of Jacob Behmen's -<i>Works</i>, in large 4to., 1764-81, is an unsatisfactory -performance; having, in fact, nothing in common -with the projected edition by William Law, as -expressed in the above letter. Nevertheless, it -has been useful in many respects; especially as -being instrumental in making the productions of -Dion. Andreas Freher more generally known. -This edition, moreover, is incomplete; as several -important treatises, besides his Letters, are entirely -omitted. The order, too, in which the pieces -are inserted from the <i>Book of the Incarnation</i> is -altogether wrong.</p> - -<p>It is a common, but erroneous supposition, that -William Law was the editor of this edition. From -his work, <i>The Way to Divine Knowledge</i>, printed -some years after the date of the letter quoted<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_247"></a>{247}</span> -above, it appears that he intended to publish a -new and correct translation of Behmen's <i>Works</i>; -but did not survive to accomplish it. He died in -1761, before the first of the four volumes was -published; and if he were in any way identified -with it, it could only be by some one or two of his -corrections (found in his own copy of the <i>Works</i> -after his decease) being incorporated therein; but -of this there is some uncertainty. The Symbols, -or Emblems, which are stated in the title-page of -this edition to have been "left by Mr. Law," were -not his production, but merely copies of the -originals themselves. These were all designed by -the above Dionysius Andreas Freher, a learned -German, who had resided in this country from -about the year 1695 till his death in 1728, in -illustration of his own systematic elucidations of -the ground and principles of the central philosophy -of Deity and Nature, opened as a new -original, and <i>final</i> revelation from God, in "his -chosen instrument, Behmen." It was, I believe, -from Freher, that Francis Lee (see "N. & Q." -Vol. ii., p. 355.) became so deeply versed in the -scope and design of high supersensual and mystical -truth. From the year 1740, Freher, by his -writings, demonstrations and diagrams, may be -considered the <i>closet-tutor</i> of William Law at his -philosophical retreat at King's Cliffe, in respect to -the great mysteries of Truth and Nature, the -origin and constitution of things, glanced at in -what are popularly called Law's later or mystical -writings.</p> - -<p>Next to Behmen's <i>Works</i>, and coupled with -those of Law, Freher's writings and illustrations -must, in regard to theosophical science, be considered -the most valuable and important in existence. -Freher also was personally acquainted with -Gichtel, who was deeply imbued with the philosophy -of Jacob Behmen, viz. "<i>the fundamental opening -of all the powers that work both in Nature and -Grace</i>;" and who, perhaps more than any other individual, -experimentally lived and <i>fathomed</i> it.</p> - -<p>Freher's original manuscripts and copies of -others (besides those formerly in the possession of -William Law), as well as the manuscripts of Law -and of Francis Lee, and some original documents -relating to the Philadelphian mystic author, Mrs. -Jane Lead (Lee's mother-in-law) are now in the -possession of Mr. Christopher Walton, of Ludgate -Street; who, I understand, is on the eve of completing, -for private circulation, a voluminous account -of these celebrated individuals. It will also -contain, if I am correctly informed, a representation -of the whole nature and scope of mystical -divinity and theosophical science, as apprehensible -from an <i>orthodox</i> evangelical—or, in a word, a -<i>standard</i> point of view; as likewise of the nature -and relations of the modern experimental transcendentalism -of Animal Magnetism, with its inductions -of the trance and <i>clairvoyance</i>, in respect -to the <i>astral</i> as well as <i>Divine</i> magic; with other -similar recondite, but now lost, philosophy. But -to return to Behmen.</p> - -<p>The publication of the large edition of his -<i>Works</i> in question was undertaken at the sole -expense of Mrs. Hutcheson, one of the two ladies -who were Mr. Law's companions and friends in -his retirement at King's Cliffe, out of respect to -his memory; and who furnished the books Mr. -Law left behind him relating to this object. The -chief editor was a Mr. George Ward, assisted by -a Mr. Thomas Langcake, two former friends -and admirers of Law; who occasionally superintended -his pieces through the press, being then -resident in London. And the reason of this edition -not being completed was, that both Mrs. -Hutcheson and Mr. Ward died about the time of -the publication of the fourth volume; Mrs. Gibbon<a name="footnotetag3" href="#footnote3"><sup>[3]</sup></a>, -the aunt of the historian, it appears, not -being willing to continue the publication. All -that these parties did as editors was, to take the -original translations, change the phraseology here -and there without reference to the German original -(which language it is supposed they did not -understand), omit certain portions of the translator's -Prefaces, alter the capital letters of a few -words, and conduct the treatises through the press.</p> - -<p>The literary productions which have commanded -the admiration and approbation of such -deep thinkers as Sir Isaac Newton<a name="footnotetag4" href="#footnote4"><sup>[4]</sup></a>, William Law, -Schelling, Hegel, and Coleridge, may perhaps, -before long, be thought worthy of republication. -What is required is a well-edited and correct -translation of Behmen's entire <i>Works</i>, coupled with<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_248"></a>{248}</span> -those of Freher, his great illustrator, (including -also the Emblems, &c. of Gichtel's German -edition), and preceded by those of Law, which -treat upon the same subject, namely:—1. Answer -to Hoadley on the Sacrament of the Lord's Supper. -2. Christian Regeneration. 3. Animadversions on -Dr. Trapp. 4. The Appeal. 5. The Way to Divine -Knowledge. 6. The Spirit of Love. 7. Confutation -of Warburton. 8. Letters.</p> - -<p>To conclude. The following are the terms in -which William Law speaks of Behmen's writings -in one of his letters:</p> - -<blockquote> - -<p>"Therein is opened the true ground of the unchangeable -<i>distinction between God and Nature</i>, making -all nature, whether temporal or eternal, its own proof -that it is not, cannot be, God, but purely and solely -the <i>want</i> of God; and can be nothing else in itself but -a restless painful want, till a supernatural God manifests -himself in it. This is a doctrine which the learned -of all ages have known nothing of; not a book, ancient -or modern, in all our libraries, has so much as attempted -to open the <i>ground</i> of nature to show its <i>birth</i> -and <i>state</i>, and its essential unalterable distinction from -the one <i>abyssal supernatural</i> God; and how all the -glories, powers, and perfections of the hidden, unapproachable -God, have their wonderful manifestation in -nature and creature."</p> - -</blockquote> - -<p>And on another occasion:</p> - -<blockquote> - -<p>"In the Revelation made to this wonderful man, the -first <i>beginning</i> of <i>all</i> things in eternity is opened; the -whole state, the <i>rise</i>, <i>workings</i>, and <i>progress</i> of all Nature -is revealed; and every doctrine, mystery, and precept -of the Gospel is found, not to have sprung from any -<i>arbitrary</i> appointment, but to have its <i>eternal</i>, <i>unalterable</i> -ground and reason in Nature. And God appears to -save us by the methods of the Gospel, because there -was no other possible way to save us in all the possibility -of Nature."</p> - -</blockquote> - -<p>And again:</p> - -<blockquote> - -<p>"Now, though the difference between God and -Nature has always been supposed and believed, yet the -true ground of such distinction, or the <i>why</i>, the <i>how</i>, -and in <i>what</i> they are essentially different, and must be -so to all eternity, was to be found in no books, till the -goodness of God, in a way not less than that of <i>miracle</i>, -made a poor illiterate man, in the simplicity of a child, -to open and relate the deep mysterious <i>ground of all -things</i>."</p> - -</blockquote> - -<p>Thus much upon the "reveries" of our "poor -possessed cobbler." It may be well to add, that -Freher's writings (in sequence to those of Law -above named) are all but essential for the proper -understanding of Behmen, especially of his descriptions -of the <i>generation of Nature</i>, as to its <i>seven</i> -properties, <i>two</i> co-eternal principles, and <i>three</i> -constituent parts: which is the deepest and most -difficult point of all others to apprehend rightly -(that is, with intellectual clearness, as well as -sensitively in our own spiritual regeneration), -and indeed the key to every mystery of truth and -life.</p> - -<p class="author"><span class="sc">J. Yeowell.</span></p> - -<p>Hoxton.</p> - -<div class="note"> - -<p><a name="footnote2"></a><b>Footnote 2:</b><a href="#footnotetag2">(return)</a></p> - -<p>This remark especially applies to the <i>Answer</i> to -the fourth of the <i>Theosophic Questions</i>.</p> - -<p><a name="footnote3"></a><b>Footnote 3:</b><a href="#footnotetag3">(return)</a></p> - -<p>Among the papers of this lady were found, after -her decease, several letters to her from her nephew, -Edward Gibbon, the historian, and his friend Lord -Sheffield, from which it would appear that the religious -views of the former had, at least from the year -1788, undergone considerable change. From one of -these interesting letters, shortly to be published, I -have been kindly permitted to make the following -extract:—"Whatever you may have been told of my -opinions, I can assure you with truth, that I consider -religion as the best guide of youth, and the best support -of old age; that I firmly believe there is less real -happiness in the business and pleasures of the world, -than in the life which you have chosen of devotion and -retirement."</p> - -<p><a name="footnote4"></a><b>Footnote 4:</b><a href="#footnotetag4">(return)</a></p> - -<p>William Law, in the <i>Appendix</i> to the second edition -of his <i>Appeal to all that Doubt or Disbelieve the -Truths of the Gospel</i>, p. 314., 1756, mentions that -among the papers of Newton (now in Trinity College, -Cambridge) were found many autograph extracts from -the <i>Works</i> of Behmen. This is also confirmed in an -unpublished letter, now before me, from Law to Dr. -Cheyne in answer to his inquiries on this points. Law -affirms that Newton derived his system of fundamental -powers from Behmen; and that he avoided mentioning -Behmen as the originator of his system, lest it -should come into disrepute.</p> - -</div> - -<hr class="full" /> - -<h3>INSCRIPTIONS ON BELLS.</h3> - -<p class="center">(Vol. vi., p. 554.; Vol. vii., pp. 454. 633.; -Vol. viii., p. 108.)</p> - -<p>Himbleton, Worcestershire:</p> - -<blockquote> - -<p>1. "Jesus be our <span class="sc">God</span>-speed. 1675."</p> - -<p>2. "All prayse and glory be to <span class="sc">God</span> for ever. 1675."</p> - -<div class="poem-bq"> - <div class="stanza"> - <p>3. "John Martin of Worcester, he made wee;</p> - <p class="i2">Be it known to all that do wee see. 1675."</p> - </div> -</div> - -<div class="poem-bq"> - <div class="stanza"> - <p>4. "All you that hear my roaring sound,</p> - <p class="i2">Repent before you lie in ground. 1675."</p> - </div> -</div> - -</blockquote> - -<p>Hanley Castle, Worcestershire:</p> - -<blockquote> - -<div class="poem-bq"> - <div class="stanza"> - <p>1. "Ring vs trve,</p> - <p class="i2">We praise you. <span class="allsmcap">A.R.</span> 1699."</p> - </div> -</div> - -<p>2. "God prosper all our benefactors. <span class="allsmcap">A.R.</span> 1699."</p> - -<div class="poem-bq"> - <div class="stanza"> - <p>3. "God save yᵉ King.</p> - <p class="i2">Abrᵃ Rudhall cast vs all. 1699."</p> - </div> -</div> - -<p>4. "God save yᵉ King and yᵉ Chvrch. 1699."</p> - -<p>5. "Abrᵃ Rudhall cast vs all. 1699."</p> - -<p>6. "Jas. Badger, minister. Rd. Ross, Gorle Chetle, -C. W. 1699."</p> - -</blockquote> - -<p>From the ten bells of St. Thomas's Church, -Dudley (rebuilt 1816), the following are the most -remarkable:</p> - -<blockquote> - -<div class="poem-bq"> - <div class="stanza"> - <p>5. "William, Viscount Dudley and Ward;</p> - <p class="i2">To doomsday may the name descend—</p> - <p class="i2">Dudley, and the poor man's friend."<a name="footnotetag5" href="#footnote5"><sup>[5]</sup></a></p> - </div> -</div> - -<p>6. "Ring and bid thee cry Georgius Rex III., England, -thy Sovereign's name. <span class="sc">God</span> save the -King. T. Mean of London, 1818."</p> - -</blockquote> - -<p>Of the eight bells in St. Mary's Church, Kidderminster, -the following are the inscriptions on the -first five:</p> - -<blockquote> - -<div class="poem-bq"> - <div class="stanza"> - <p>1. "When you us ring</p> - <p class="i2">We'll sweetly sing. 1754."</p> - </div> -</div> - -<p>2. "The gift of the Rt. Hon. Lord Foley. 1754."</p> - -<p>3. "Fear <span class="sc">God</span> and honour the King. 1754."</p> - -<p>4. "Peace and good neighbourhood. 1754."</p> - -<p>5. "Prosperity to this parish and trade. 1754."</p> - -</blockquote> - -<p>There is a small bell (dated 1780) which is commonly -called the "Ting-tang," and is rung for the -last five minutes before each service, which bears -the appropriate inscription:</p> - -<div class="poem"> - <div class="stanza"> - <p>"Come away,</p> - <p>Make no delay."</p> - </div> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_249"></a>{249}</span></p> - -<p>On one of the bells of Burford Church, near -Tenbury, is the following inscription:</p> - -<div class="poem"> - <div class="stanza"> - <p>"At service-time I sound,</p> - <p class="i1">And at the death of men;</p> - <p>To serve your <span class="sc">God</span>, and well to die,</p> - <p class="i1">Remember then."</p> - </div> -</div> - -<p>The inscriptions on the bells of St. Helen's -Church, Worcester, are very singular; the names -they bear tell their date:</p> - -<blockquote> - -<p>1. "<i>Blenheim.</i></p> - -<div class="poem"> - <div class="stanza"> - <p>First is my note, and Blenheim is my name;</p> - <p>For Blenheim's story will be first in fame."</p> - </div> -</div> - -<p>2. "<i>Barcelona.</i></p> - -<div class="poem"> - <div class="stanza"> - <p>Let me relate how Louis did bemoan</p> - <p>His grandson Philip's flight from Barcelon."</p> - </div> -</div> - -<p>3. "<i>Ramilies.</i></p> - -<div class="poem"> - <div class="stanza"> - <p>Deluged in blood, I, Ramilies, advance</p> - <p>Britannia's glory in the fall of France."</p> - </div> -</div> - -<p>4. "<i>Menin.</i></p> - -<div class="poem"> - <div class="stanza"> - <p>Let Menin on my sides engraven be,</p> - <p>And Flanders freed from Gallic slavery."</p> - </div> -</div> - -<p>5. "<i>Turin.</i></p> - -<div class="poem"> - <div class="stanza"> - <p>When in harmonious peal I roundly go,</p> - <p>Think on Turin, and triumph of the Po."</p> - </div> -</div> - -<p>6. "<i>Eugene.</i></p> - -<div class="poem"> - <div class="stanza"> - <p>With joy I bear illustrious Eugene's name,</p> - <p>Fav'rite of Fortune, and the boast of fame."</p> - </div> -</div> - -<p>7. "<i>Marlborough.</i></p> - -<div class="poem"> - <div class="stanza"> - <p>But I, with pride, the greater Marlborough bear.</p> - <p>Terror of tyrants, and the soul of war."</p> - </div> -</div> - -<p>8. "<i>Queen Ann.</i></p> - -<div class="poem"> - <div class="stanza"> - <p>Th' immortal praises of Queen Ann I sound;</p> - <p>With union blest, and all those glories crown'd."</p> - </div> -</div> - -</blockquote> - -<p>In Clifton-on-Teme Church (dedicated to St. -Kenelm) are the two following bell-inscriptions, -the second of which appears to contain a date:</p> - -<blockquote> - -<p>"Per Kenelmi merita sit nobis cœlica vita."</p> - -<p>"HenrICVs Ieffreyes KeneLMo DeVoVIt."</p> - -</blockquote> - -<p>The following are from the six bells of Kinver -Church, Worcestershire:</p> - -<blockquote> - -<p>1. "In Christo solo spem meam repono. <span class="allsmcap">A.R.</span> 1746."</p> - -<p>2. "Cui Deus pater ecclesia est mater. <span class="allsmcap">A.R.</span> 1746."</p> - -<p>3. "In suo templo numen adoro. <span class="allsmcap">A.R.</span> 1746."</p> - -<p>4. "We were all cast at Gloucester by Abel Rudhall, -1746. Fac manus puras cœlo attollas."</p> - -<p>5. "Jos. Lye and John Lowe, churchwardens, -<span class="allsmcap">A.R.</span> 1746. Opem petentibus subvenit Deus."</p> - -<p>6. "Wᵐ Gosnell and Sam. Brown, churchwardens. -John Rudhall <i>fect.</i> 1790."</p> - -</blockquote> - -<p class="author"><span class="sc">Cuthbert Bede, B.A.</span></p> - -<div class="note"> - -<p><a name="footnote5"></a><b>Footnote 5:</b><a href="#footnotetag5">(return)</a></p> - -<p>The worthy nobleman's <i>sobriquet</i> must not be confounded -with a popular ointment.</p> - -</div> - -<hr class="full" /> - -<h3>PASSAGE IN MILTON.</h3> - -<div class="poem"> - <div class="stanza"> - <p>"And every shepherd tells his tale</p> - <p>Under the hawthorn, in the dale."</p> - </div> -</div> - -<p>I have read with interest the "Notes" (Vol. i., -pp. 286. 316.) on these lines of the Allegro; because, -in spite of early prepossession in favour of -the idea commonly attached to them, I was converted -some years ago, by the late Mr. Constable, -R.A., whose close observation of rural scenery -and employments no one can question.</p> - -<p>His account of the matter was this:</p> - -<blockquote> - -<p>"It is usual in Suffolk, and I have seen it often myself, -for the shepherd, assisted by another man or boy, -to make the whole flock pass through a gap, in order -to facilitate the <i>tale</i>. One fellow drives them through -the opening, by moving about, shouting, and clapping -his hands, while his comrade, on the other side of the -hedge, and under cover of a thorn or other thick bush, -counts them as they leap through. I have not only -seen but assisted, when a boy, at the shepherd's tale; -and I do believe Milton had no other idea in his mind. -For, indeed, the early morning is not the time the -poets choose for lovers to woo, or maids to listen; and -Milton has described a scene where all were up and -stirring. Neither is the word 'every' appropriate, -according to the common interpretation of the passage; -<i>every</i> shepherd would not woo on the same spot; but -that spot might be particularly favourable for making -the tale of his sheep."</p> - -</blockquote> - -<p>Your correspondent J. M. M. adduces an argument -in favour of the romantic <i>versus</i> the pastoral, -which seems to me entirely devoid of weight. He -thinks that Handel's "'Let no wander' breathes -the shepherd's tale of love." Surely there is more -imagination than truth in this. There is a <i>series</i> -of images in the words of that song: it was necessary, -unless the music varied unreasonably to suit -them all, to choose a pleasing, but not very significant, -melody, and, above all, to make the close of -it a fit introduction for the "merry bells," and -"jocund Rebecs," which burst in immediately -after. I confess I find nothing of the amatory -style in Handel's setting of the two disputed lines. -He chose the Pastorale or 6/8 time, as for "He shall -feed his flock," "O lovely Peace," &c. But were -it so, I could not admit Handel as an authority, -because, as a foreigner, and an inhabitant of towns, -he could not possibly be conversant with the rural -customs of England.</p> - -<p class="author">S. R.</p> - -<hr class="full" /> - -<h3>DESIGNED FALSE ENGLISH RHYMES.</h3> - -<p class="center">(Vol. vii., p. 483.)</p> - -<p>I was much surprised to see in your paper such -a lengthened defence of Irish rhymes by a reference -to those of English poets, and particularly to Pope. -I thought it was well known that he, at last, became -sensible of the cloying effect of his never-varying -melody, and sought to relieve it by deviations<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_250"></a>{250}</span> -from propriety. This is particularly remarkable in -his Homer, where he has numerous Irish rhymes -like "peace" and "race:" besides "war" and -"car;" "far," "dare;" with many other still more -barbarous metres. But all those were by regular -design for, if ever poet "lisped in numbers," it -was he; and "the numbers came" at his command. -He introduced those uncouth rhymes to somewhat -<i>roughen</i> his too long continued melody, just as -certain discords are allowed in great musical compositions. -It showed good judgment, for they are -an agreeable change by variation. Other English -poets too have false rhymes; for even Gray, in his -celebrated Elegy, has "toil" and "smile;" "abode" -and "God."</p> - -<p>But, with respect to Irish poets, Swift should -not have been mentioned at all because, with -perhaps the exception of his "Cadenus and Vanessa," -his poetry was of the doggerel kind; and -he purposely used Irish rhymes and debased -English. Thus, in the "Lady's Dressing-room:"</p> - -<div class="poem"> - <div class="stanza"> - <p>"Five hours, and who could do it less in?</p> - <p>By haughty Celia spent in dressing."</p> - </div> -</div> - -<p>Will any one say it was through ignorance that he -did not sound the <i>g</i> in dressing? Pope, in his -"Eloisa to Abelard," which is sweetness to excess, -concludes with:</p> - -<div class="poem"> - <div class="stanza"> - <p>"He best can paint 'em who has felt 'em most."</p> - </div> -</div> - -<p>Why this is a downright vulgarism compared to -Swift's open and undisguised doggerel:</p> - -<div class="poem"> - <div class="stanza"> - <p>"<i>Libertas et natale solum</i>:</p> - <p>Fine words! I wonder where you stole 'em."</p> - </div> -</div> - -<p>Leaving Swift out of the question, Irish poets -are much more careful about their rhymes than -the English; because they know that what would -be excused or overlooked in them, would be -deemed ignorance on their own parts. I venture -to assert, that there are more false rhymes in -Pope's <i>Iliad</i> alone than in all the poems of Goldsmith -and Moore together; though I must again -observe that those of Pope were all intentional.</p> - -<p class="author">A. B. C.</p> - -<hr class="full" /> - -<h3>ATTAINMENT OF MAJORITY.</h3> - -<p class="center">(Vol. viii., p. 198.)</p> - -<p>A. E. B. has not quoted quite correctly. He has -put two phrases of mine into Italics, which makes -them appear to have special relation to one another, -while the word which <i>I</i> put in Italics, "<i>ninth</i>," he -has made to be "9th." Farther, he has left out -some words. The latter part should run thus, the -words left out being in brackets:</p> - -<blockquote> - -<p>"... though he were born [a minute before midnight] -on the 10th, he is of age to execute a settlement -at a minute after midnight on the morning of the 9th, -forty-eight hours all but two minutes before he has -drawn breath for the space of twenty-one years."</p> - -</blockquote> - -<p>Had the quotation been correct, it would have -been better seen that I no more make the day of -majority begin a minute after midnight, than I -make the day of birth end a minute before midnight. -A second, or even the tenth of a second, -would have done as well.</p> - -<p>The <i>old reckoning</i>, of which I was speaking, was -the reckoning which rejects fractions; and the matter -in question was the <i>day</i>. For my illustration, -any beginning of the day would have done as well -as any other; on this I must refer to the paper -itself. Nevertheless, I was correct in implying -that the day by which age is reckoned begins at -midnight and I believe it began at midnight in -the time of Ben Jonson. The law recognised two -kinds of days;—the natural day of twenty-four -hours, the artificial day from sunrise to sunset. -The birthday, and with it the day of majority, -would needs be the natural day; for otherwise -a child not born by daylight would have no birthday -at all. I cannot make out that the law ever -recognised a day of twenty-four hours beginning at -any hour except midnight. For payment of rent, -the artificial day was recognised, and the tenant -was required to tender at such time before sunset as -would leave the landlord time to count the money -by daylight; a reasonable provision, when we -think upon the vast number of different coins -which were legal tender. But even here it seems -to have been held that though the landlord might -enter at sunset, the forfeiture could not be enforced -if the rent were paid before midnight. A -legal friend suggested to me that perhaps Ben -Jonson had more experience of the terminus of the -day as between landlord and tenant, than of that -which emancipates a minor. This would not have -struck me: but a lawyer views man simply as the -agent or patient in distress, ejectment, <i>quo warranto</i>, -&c.</p> - -<p>A. E. B. twice makes the question refer to -<i>usage</i>, whereas I was describing <i>law</i>. If I were -as well up in the drama as I should like to be, I -might perhaps find a modern plot which turns -upon a minor coming of age, in which the first -day of majority is what is commonly called the -<i>birthday</i>, instead of, as it ought to be, the day -before. Writers of fiction have in all times had -fictitious law. If we took decisions from the -novelists of our own day, we should learn, among -other things, that married women can in all circumstances -make valid wills, and that the destruction -of the parchment and ink which compose the -material of a deed is also the destruction of all -power to claim under it.</p> - -<p>Singularly enough, this is the second case in -which my paper on reckoning has been both misquoted -and misapprehended in "N. & Q." My -knowledge of the existence of this periodical began -with a copy of No. 7. (containing p. 107., Vol. i.), -forwarded to me by the courtesy of the Editor, on<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_251"></a>{251}</span> -account of a Query signed (not A. E. B. but) B., -affirming that I had "discovered a flaw in the -great Johnson!" Now it happened that the flaw -was described, even in B.'s own quotation from -me, as "certainly not Johnson's mistake, for he was -a clear-headed arithmetician." B. gave me half a -year to answer; and then, no answer appearing, -privately forwarded the printed Query, with a -request to know whether the readers of "N. & Q." -were not of a class sufficiently intelligent to appreciate -a defence from me. The fact was, that I -thought them too intelligent to need it, after the -correction (by B. himself, in p. 127.) of the misquotation. -It is not in letters as in law, that -Judgment must be signed for the plaintiff if the -defendant do not appear. There is also an anonymous -octavo tract, mostly directed, or at least -(so far as I have read) much directed, against the -arguments of the same article, and containing, misapprehensions -of a similar kind. That my unfortunate -article should be so misunderstood in three -distinct quarters, is, I am afraid, sufficient presumption -against its clearness; and shows me that -<i>obscures fio</i> is, as much as ever, the attendant of -<i>brevis esse laboro</i>: but I am still fully persuaded -of the truth of the conclusions.</p> - -<p class="author"><span class="sc">A. De Morgan.</span></p> - -<hr class="full" /> - -<h3>LADY PERCY, WIFE OF HOTSPUR (DAUGHTER OF -EDMUND MORTIMER, EARL OF MARCH), AND -JANE SEYMOUR'S ROYAL DESCENT.</h3> - -<p class="center">(Vol. vii., p. 42. Vol. viii., pp. 104. 184)</p> - -<p>The mischief that arises from apparently the -most trifling inaccuracy in a statement of fact is -scarcely to be estimated. A mistake is repeated, -multiplied, and perpetuated often to an extent -that no after rectification can thoroughly efface. -Blunders even become sacred by antiquity; and -the attempt to correct any misstatement, if it does -not entirely fail through the subsequent destruction -of evidence that would have contained the -refutation, is frequently received with a coldness -and suspicion, and can seldom, with every aid from -undoubted sources, be brought to prevail against -the more familiar and preconceived impression. -An illustration of this may be seen in the reference -made by your correspondent C. V. to the -authority of Dugdale, as overriding the result of -later investigations relative to the issue respectively -of the fifth and seventh Lords Clifford of -Westmoreland. The loose and ill-advised assertion -of Miss Strickland, intended as it clearly was -to insinuate a mean origin in Jane Seymour, and -to lessen her pretension to an exalted birth, has -fortunately received a most complete and signal -disproof; but a question is now raised, which, if -it can be supported, will suit Miss Strickland's -view quite as well as her own inconclusive statement. -I cannot but think that what she wished -to say is, as hinted in the suggestion of C. V., that -the claim contended for cannot be supported -through the alleged marriage of a Wentworth with -the descendant of Elizabeth Percy, because Elizabeth, -Lady Percy's only daughter, Lady Elizabeth -de Percy, who married John, Lord Clifford, is by -<i>some</i> ancient heralds stated to have left no daughter. -This would have been an intelligible assertion, -and not entirely inconsistent with what may -be gathered from peerages, and other works compiled -solely upon the authority of Dugdale; and -it is indeed the very point of difficulty contemplated -by your learned correspondent C.V., who -if I do not mistake the signature, is himself an -authority entitled to much respect.</p> - -<p>Dugdale, Collins, and Nicolas make the intermarriage -of Wentworth to have taken place with -a daughter of Roger, fifth Lord Clifford; and -Dugdale and Collins are silent as to any female -issue of John, the seventh Lord. Edmondson -(<i>Baronagium Genealogicum</i>, vol. iv. p. 364.) -adopts the same conclusion; but no higher authority -is cited by any one of the above writers, upon -which to found this statement. On the other -hand, both Collins and Edmondson, in the Wentworth -pedigree, show the marriage of Sir Philip -Wentworth, of Nettlested, to have taken place -with a daughter of John, seventh Lord Clifford. -Edmondson describes the daughter as <i>Elizabeth</i>; -but Collins more accurately calls her <i>Mary</i>. -Banks (<i>Baronage</i>, vol. ii. p. 90.) gives both statements -with an asterisk, implying a doubt as to -which of the two is to be accepted.</p> - -<p>The Pembroke MS. contains a summary of the -lives of the Veteriponts, Cliffords, and the Earls -of Cumberland, compiled from original documents -and family records for the celebrated Lady Anne -Countess Dowager of Pembroke, daughter and -sole heir of George Clifford, Earl of Cumberland, -who died in 1605. This valuable collection gives -the most minute particulars and anecdotes connected -with the ancient family of the Lords -Clifford and their descendants, and being a few -years anterior in date to the publication of Dugdale's -<i>Baronage</i>, the information contained there -is entitled to the greatest possible weight as an -original and independent authority.</p> - -<p>In this MS. (a copy of which is in the British -Museum, Harl. 6177.) the descendants of Roger, -fifth Lord Clifford, are named, but there is no -mention of any daughter who formed an alliance -with a Wentworth. Afterwards come the issue of -the marriage of John, seventh Lord Clifford, with -Elizabeth Percy, the only daughter of Henry -Lord Percy, surnamed Hotspur, son to Henry -Earl of Northumberland.</p> - -<blockquote> - -<p>"This Elizabeth Percy was one of the greatest -women of her time, both for her birth and her marriages, -&c. Their eldest son, Thomas de Clifford, -succeeded his father both in his lands and honours, &c.<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_252"></a>{252}</span> -Henry, their second son, died without issue, but is -mentioned in the articles of his brother's marriage. -Mary Clifford, married to Sir Philip Wentworth, Kt., -of whom descended the Lords Wentworth that are -now living, and the Earl of Straffod, and the Earl of -Cleveland."</p> - -</blockquote> - -<p>To which of the above statements must we give -credit? If Dugdale be right, there will appear a -startling discrepance in the ages of the two persons -who are presumed to have formed the alliance in -question; whereas if the filiation given in the -Pembroke MS. is relied upon, their ages will be -quite consistent, and all the other circumstances -perfectly in accordance.</p> - -<p>Roger, fifth Lord Clifford, was born and baptized -at Brougham on the 20th of July, 7 Edw. III., -1333; his eldest son Thomas, sixth lord, was born -circa 1363, being twenty-six years old at his -father's death, which happened on 13th July, -1389, in the fifty-sixth year of his age. Thomas -Lord Clifford died on 4th of October, 1392, -leaving his son and heir John (seventh Lord -Clifford) an infant of about three years old. -This lord married the Lady Elizabeth de Percy -circa 1413, and his eldest son was born on 20th of -August, 1414: he died on 13th March, 1422.</p> - -<p>The wife of Sir Philip Wentworth, were she a -daughter of Roger, fifth Lord Clifford, must have -been born between 1363 and 1389; if a daughter -of John, seventh Lord Clifford, she must have -been born between 1414 and 1422.</p> - -<p>In my former note, it was shown that the father -and mother of Sir Philip Wentworth were married -before June, 1423; that Sir Philip was born circa -1424, and married in 1447; and that his eldest -son, Henry Wentworth, being thirty years of age -at his grandmother's death in 1478, must have -been born circa 1448. It is therefore clear, that -if his wife, Mary de Clifford, were a daughter of -the fifth Lord Clifford, she could not have been -less than thirty-five years older than her husband, -and sixty years old when her eldest son was born. -On the other supposition, she may have been -about the same age with her husband, or perhaps -two or three years only his senior.</p> - -<p>Can there then be any longer a doubt that this -is a mistake of Dugdale? The other eminent -genealogists, cited by your correspondent, have -adopted the statement without farther investigation -and upon no better authority, and the error -has thus become familiarised by constant repetition. -Had the misrepresentation been set right -in the first instance, your readers would have -been spared the infliction of this lengthy confutation, -Miss Strickland herself protected from -the humiliation of a defeat, "in daring to dispute -a pedigree with King Henry VIII.;" and some of -the numerous living descendants of the Protector -Somerset been saved from much concern at finding -a pedigree demolished, through which they -had been wont to cherish the harmless vanity of -being allied to the honour of a royal lineage.</p> - -<p class="author">W. H.</p> - -<hr class="full" /> - -<h3>PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE.</h3> - -<p><i>Three New Processes by Mr. Lyte.</i>—Will you -kindly allow me room in your pages for the insertion -of the following three processes, which may -not, perhaps, be uninteresting to some of your -readers? The first is respecting a very excellent -combination with which to excite collodion. The -second is on the subject of a capital developing -agent, and, I believe, a partially new one. The -third, a certain improvement in the production of -positives on albumen paper.</p> - -<p>To make my collodion, I use the Swedish filtering -paper, as recommended by the Count de -Montizon, Mr. Crookes, &c., not so much on account -of its superior properties, as the easier manipulation, -and the greater certainty of obtaining -a completely soluble substance. Having obtained -a clear and tolerably thick collodion, take</p> - -<table class="nob" summary="Formula for combination with which to excite collodion"> - <tr> - <td>Rectified spirits of wine</td> - <td class="ar">1</td> - <td>oz.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Iodide of ammonium</td> - <td class="ar">45</td> - <td>grs.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Bromide of ammonium</td> - <td class="ar">12</td> - <td>grs.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Chloride of ammonium</td> - <td class="ar">1</td> - <td>gr.</td> - </tr> -</table> - -<p>Iodide of silver, freshly precipitated from the ammoniated -nitrate, as much as the solution thus -produced will take up—a small excess, which will -settle at the bottom, will not signify. Nearly the -same compound, one which is equally good, is -produced as follows. Take</p> - -<table class="nob" summary="Formula for combination with which to excite collodion"> - <tr> - <td>Rectified spirits of wine</td> - <td class="ar">1</td> - <td>oz.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Iodide of ammonium</td> - <td class="ar">50</td> - <td>grs.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Bromide of ammonium</td> - <td class="ar">12</td> - <td>grs.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Chloride of silver</td> - <td class="ar">5</td> - <td>grs.</td> - </tr> -</table> - -<p>Whichever of these two sensitizers is used, take -1½ drachms, and add to every ounce of the collodion.</p> - -<p>Collodion thus prepared is <i>most</i> rapid in its -action, giving a deep negative (with Ross's sixteen -guinea lens, and the developing agent I shall hereafter -describe) in ten seconds in clear weather, -and instantaneous positive pictures, which may be -afterwards darkened with the solution of terchloride -of gold, in chloride of ammonium. It -does not easily solarize, and, what is best of all, -gives the most pleasing half-tones.</p> - -<p>I find it preferable, in taking landscapes, to -rather increase the quantity of the iodide of ammonium, -in order to give complete opacity to the -sky; but if the operator pleases, he may produce -the most admirable effect with the above-named -proportions, by painting in clouds at the back of -the plate with Indian ink: and this latter plan is -preferable, as the addition of more of the iodide -lowers the half-tones.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_253"></a>{253}</span></p> - -<p>If more of the chloride than above specified be -added, it will cause the plate to blacken all over -during development, before the extreme lights are -fully brought up.</p> - -<p>My developing agent is made as follows. Take</p> - -<table class="nob" summary="Formula for developing agent"> - <tr> - <td>Distilled water</td> - <td class="ar">10</td> - <td>oz.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Pyrogallic acid</td> - <td class="ar">6</td> - <td>grs.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Formic acid</td> - <td class="ar">1</td> - <td>oz.</td> - </tr> -</table> - -<p>The latter is not to be the concentrated acid, but -merely the commercial strength. These, when -mixed, form so powerful a developing agent, that -the picture is brought out in its full intensity, -almost instantly, while at the same time all the -deep shades are quite unaffected, and the half-tones -come out with a brilliancy I have never -seen before.</p> - -<p>Another excellent developing agent is composed -as follows. Take</p> - -<table class="nob" summary="Formula for developing agent"> - <tr> - <td>Distilled water</td> - <td class="ar">10</td> - <td>oz.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Sulphuric acid</td> - <td class="ar">3</td> - <td>drops.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Protosulphate of iron</td> - <td class="ar">½</td> - <td>oz.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Formic acid</td> - <td class="ar">1</td> - <td>oz.</td> - </tr> -</table> - -<p>The formic acid is also a most capital addition to -the protonitrate of iron, and either this or the -former liquid produce most brilliant positives -leaving a fine coating of white dead silver. I may -also make mention of the improvement I have -made in the albumen paper, which consists in the -introduction of the chloride of barium into the albumen, -in place of chloride of ammonium or chloride -of sodium. Take</p> - -<table class="nob" summary="Formula for improvement in the production of -positives on albumen paper"> - <tr> - <td>Water</td> - <td class="ar">6</td> - <td>oz.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Albumen</td> - <td class="ar">6</td> - <td>oz.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Chloride of barium</td> - <td class="ar">7¼</td> - <td>dr.</td> - </tr> -</table> - -<p>Whip these up, till they are converted entirely -into a white froth; when this has settled into -liquid, pour it into a tall jar, and allow the precipitate, -which will then separate, to settle completely, -and strain the supernatant liquid through -fine muslin. The paper, being laid on the surface -of this fluid for a space of from five to ten minutes, -may be taken off and hung up by a crooked -pin to dry, and then ironed. It is to be sensitized -with nitrate of silver, 120 grains to the ounce of -water. The setting liquid I use is prepared according -to the formula given by me in Vol. vii., -p. 534. of your journal, except that I prefer to -use half to one grain of pyrogallic acid, and 120 -grains of chloride of silver. This paper must be -soaked for a few minutes or so in rain water, after -being printed, before being placed in the hypo.; -the presence in the water of any salt seems to destroy -the tone of this paper.</p> - -<p>Florian, Torquay.</p> - -<p><i>Muller's Processes—Sisson's Developing Solution.</i>—I -am glad to find that I have called the -attention of your photographic correspondents to -Mr. Muller's process, as detailed in <i>The Athenæum</i> -of Nov. 22, 1851, which seems to have been -strangely overlooked and neglected. As your -correspondents have induced you to reprint the -article, perhaps you will also yield to my request, -and reprint an article from the same journal of -later date (Jan. 10, 1852) containing another -process, more economical and more sensitive than -the other, invented also by Mr. Muller, and the -value of which I have proved. In that, as in the -other, there is no developing agent required. To -save time I have copied from my note-book the -article itself, and append it to this communication.</p> - -<p>A photographer of several years' standing informs -me that my developing solution produces -excellent negatives upon glass, and that he has -been trying it as a bath with success. He writes -me:—"I use your developing solution for negatives -only; and by using a very small opening, -say about 3/10ths of an inch diameter, single achromatic -lens, I have produced negatives in one -minute, which print most beautiful bright positives. -The views I have taken and developed with your -solution were without sunshine, the sky very -cloudy, three o'clock p.m. The collodion was prepared -by Messrs. Knight & Son."</p> - -<p>Since I received his letter I have tried a negative -so developed, with the best success; and I -attribute the success to the fact that you may go -on developing with that solution any length of -time almost, without any fear of spoiling the -negative, thus getting thickness of deposit; and -that the deposit on pictures taking so long a time -to develop has a very perceptible yellow tinge, -which, like the gold in Professor Maconochie's -method (detailed in <i>Photographic Journal</i> for this -month), stops the chemical rays.</p> - -<p class="author"><span class="sc">J. Lawson Sisson.</span></p> - -<p>Edingthorpe Rectory.</p> - -<p class="right">"Patna, India, Nov. 9, 1851.</p> - -<p>"Plain paper is floated on a bath of acetonitrate -of silver, prepared of 25 grs. of nitrate of -silver, 1 fluid oz. of water, 60 minims of strong -acetic acid. When well moistened on one side, -the paper is removed, and lightly dried with -blotting-paper; it is then placed with the prepared side -downwards on the surface of a bath of hydriodate -of iron (8 grs. of the iodide in 1 oz. of silver). It -is not allowed to remain on this solution, for if this -were the case it would become almost insensitive. -The silvered surface must be simply moistened -with the hydriodate—the object being to get a -minimum quantity of it diffused equally over the -silvered surface. The photographer accustomed -to delicacy of manipulation will find no difficulty -in this. While still wet the paper is placed upon -a glass (face downwards), and exposed in the<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_254"></a>{254}</span> -camera for periods varying from 10 to 60 seconds, -according to circumstances. In sunshine, and -when the object to be copied is bright, 5 seconds -in this climate (India) is sufficient. Excellent -portraits are obtained in shade in 30 seconds; 60 -seconds is the maximum of exposure. The picture -is removed from the camera and allowed to -develop itself spontaneously in the dark, then -soaked in water, and fixed in the usual manner -with the hyposulphite of soda."—<i>Athenæum</i>, -Jan. 10, 1852.</p> - -<hr class="full" /> - -<h3>Replies to Minor Queries.</h3> - -<p><i>Alterius Orbis Papa</i> (Vol. iii., p. 497.)—It was -Pope Urban II. who, at the Council of Bari, in -Apulia, gave this title to St. Anselm, the cotemporary -Archbishop of Canterbury, who was present, -and, in a learned and eloquent discourse, -confuted the Greeks. See Laud's <i>Works</i> (Ang.-Cath. Lib.), -vol. ii. p. 190.: note where the authorities -William of Malmesbury and John Capgrave -are cited.</p> - -<p class="author">E. H. A.</p> - -<p><i>"All my eye"</i> (Vol. vii., p. 525.).—An <i>earlier -use</i> of this "cant phrase" than that given by <span class="sc">Mr. -Daniel</span> may be found in Archbishop Bramhall's -<i>Answer to the Epistle of M. de la Milletière</i>, which -answer was first published in 1653:—</p> - -<blockquote> - -<p>"Fifthly, suppose (all this notwithstanding) such a -conference should hold, what reason leave you to promise -to yourself such success, as to obtain so easy a -victory? You have had conferences and conferences -again at Poissy and other places, and gained by them -just as much as you might <i>put in your eye and see never -the worse</i>."—Bramhall's <i>Works</i>, vol. i. pp. 68-9., edit. -Ox. 1842.</p> - -</blockquote> - -<p>The Archbishop elsewhere makes use of the -same expression. Of its origin I can say nothing -nor of "over the left."</p> - -<p class="author"><span class="sc">R. Blakiston.</span></p> - -<p><i>"Clamour your tongues," &c.</i> (Vol. viii., p. 169.).—Surely, -surely, the "<i>clame</i> water," in H. C. K.'s -extract from <i>The Castel of Helthe</i>, and which is -set in an antithetical opposition to "a <i>rough</i> water," -is only <i>calme</i> water; by that common metathesis -which gives us <i>briddes</i> for birds, <i>brunt</i> for burnt, &c.</p> - -<p class="author"><span class="sc">H. T. Griffith.</span></p> - -<p><i>Spiked Maces represented in the Windows of -the Abbey Church, Great Malvern.</i>—There is an -instrument of this nature described by some of the -martyrologists under the name of "Scorpio," and -figured by Hieronymus Magius (Jerome Maggi) -in his treatise <i>De Equuleo</i>. It is there represented -as a thick stick, set with iron points, and -was used, together with rods, and the plumbetæ or -loaded chain scourges, to torment the confessors.</p> - -<p>I am inclined to think, however, that the weapons -represented in the windows at Great Malvern -are intended for morning stars, which were much -employed in arming the watch in the cities of -northern Europe in the Middle Ages, and at a -later period as well. This weapon (a variety of -which was called holy-water sprinkle, from the -brush-like arrangement of its spikes) had a long -shaft like a halbert, and is often introduced in -paintings of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, -as borne by the Jewish guard who appear -in the various scenes of Our Lord's Passion.</p> - -<p>Of course the artists represented their characters -as wearing the dress and provided with arms -of their own period; as we see the Roman soldiers -at the foot of the cross in some German and Dutch -pictures, mere portraits of the sworders and swashbucklers -of the seventeenth century.</p> - -<p>I may mention that a weapon of this coarse -description is generally put into the hands of a -ruffian, or at least of some very inferior character. -In <i>La Mort D'Artur</i>, Sir Lancelot encounters -on a bridge "a passing foul churl," who disputes -his passage, and "lashes at him with a great club, -full of iron pins."</p> - -<p>I remember seeing a barbarous weapon taken -from a piratical vessel, which consisted of a massive -wooden club, heavily loaded with lead, furnished -with a spike at the smaller end, and thickly -studded with iron nails, tenter hooks, and the -hammers of gun locks. This was something like the -old Danish club.</p> - -<p class="author"><span class="sc">W. J. Bernhard Smith.</span></p> - -<p>Oxford.</p> - -<p><i>Ampers and (<img src="images/ampersand1.jpg" alt="Ampersand symbol, ornate 'et' style" /> or -<img src="images/ampersand2.jpg" alt="Ampersand symbol, the more common '&' style" />)</i> -(Vol. viii., p. 173.).—"N. & Q." -has exhibited a forgetfulness, of which -he is very seldom guilty. If he and his correspondent -<span class="sc">Mr. Mansfield Ingleby</span> will refer to -Vol. ii., p. 230., they will find the same question -asked by <span class="sc">Mr. M. A. Lower</span> and if they will -turn over the leaves to p. 284., they will find an -answer by Φ., which he now begs to repeat. The -word designated is <i>and-per-se-and</i>. Curiously -enough, the first of the above printed symbols -seeing to have been formed from Φ.'s explanation, -that it was nothing more than a flourishing "et."</p> - -<p class="author">Φ.</p> - -<p><i>Its</i> (Vol. viii., p. 12.).—In compliance with the -request of your correspondent B. H. C., I have the -pleasure to inform him that in Richard Burnfields -<i>Poems</i> (reprinted by James Boswell for the Roxburgh -Club), "The Complaint of Poetrie for the -death of Liberalitie," 1598, is one of the pieces, -and on the first page of signature C. the word <i>its</i> -occurs, but as a contraction of <i>it is</i>:</p> - -<div class="poem"> - <div class="stanza"> - <p>"The maimed souldier comming from the warre;</p> - <p class="i1">The woefull wight, whose house was lately burnd;</p> - <p>The sillie soule; the woful traueylar;</p> - <p class="i1">And all, whom Fortune at her feet hath spurnd;</p> - <p class="i4">Lament the losse of Liberalitie;</p> - <p class="i1"><i>Its</i> ease to haue in griefe some companie."</p> - </div> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_255"></a>{255}</span></p> - -<p>While on the opposite page we have "<i>it</i> soule" -for "<i>its</i> soule," thus:</p> - -<div class="poem"> - <div class="stanza"> - <p>"But as a woefull mother doeth lament,</p> - <p class="i1">Her tender babe, with cruel death opprest;</p> - <p>Whose life was spotlesse, pure and innocent,</p> - <p class="i1">(And therefore sure <i>it</i> soule is gone to rest):</p> - <p>So Bountie, which herselfe did upright keepe,</p> - <p>Yet for her losse, loue cannot chuse but weepe."</p> - </div> -</div> - -<p>May not this lead to the conclusion that it was -to avoid confusion with the ellipsis of <i>it is</i>, that -the possessive case was thus written <i>it</i>?</p> - -<p class="author"><span class="sc">S. W. Singer.</span></p> - -<p><i>"Hip, hip, hurrah!"</i> (Vol. viii., pp. 20. 185.).—No -one, I think, who heard the cheering of the -ships' companies at the late naval review can -doubt that <span class="sc">Cheverell's</span> explanation of "hip, hip," -is the true one. They are not <i>words</i>, but interjectional -<i>sounds</i>; with no other meaning than to -prepare for and <i>time</i> the coming "hurrah!" -When the men are ready to cheer, the boatswain's -mate gives the signal "hip, hip," and then follows -the general "hurrah!" This practice is adopted -in public assemblies for the same reason—to ensure -concert and unity in the final cheer. "Hurrah!" -also I take (<i>pace</i> Sir F. Palgrave) to be a mere -<i>sound</i>: a <i>natural</i> exclamation of pleasure, with no -more instrinsic meaning than "Oh!" or "Ah!" -for pain, or "Bah!" for contempt. It surely can -have no connexion with the phrase of old Norman -law—"clameurs de haro:" for "haro" is an -exclamation of dissent and opposition. "Crier -<i>haro</i> sur quelqu'un," is to excite mischief and scandal -against him—the very reverse of <i>hurrah</i>!</p> - -<p class="author">C.</p> - -<p><i>Derivation of "Wellesley"</i> (Vol. viii., p. 173.).—In -reply to J. M., I think the following particulars I -may not be uninteresting to him. There is good -reason to believe that the name of Wellesley was -derived from an ancient manor about one mile -south of Wells, called Wellesleigh, which once, -belonged to the Bishops of Bath and Wells. It is -certain that a family called "De Wellsleigh" lived, -and held considerable lands in this manor at a -very remote period. In 1253, a Philip de Wellsleigh, -and in 1349 another of the same name, are -recorded as holding part of the manor of the -Bishops of Bath and Wells. These lands, with -the serjeanty and office of bailiff and "cryer of -the hundred," passed into the family of the Hills -of Spaxton, <span class="allsmcap">A.D.</span> 1435. In 7 Henry VII., John -Stourton held half a knight's fee in this manor: -"formerly held by William de Wellsleigh." I -have an original deed in my possession dated 26th -Edward I., being a feoffment or grant of lands in -Dinder (an adjoining parish) by William Le -Fleming, "Dn̄s de Dynder," in which "Thomas -de Welesleȝe" and "Robert de Welesleȝe" (so -the name is spelt) are, among others, named as -witnesses. This manor was held by the Bishops -of Bath and Wells until the time of Ralph de -Salopia (succeeded <span class="allsmcap">A.D.</span> 1329, died <span class="allsmcap">A.D.</span> 1363), who -gave it to the vicars choral of the cathedral, by -who it has been held down to the last year (1852), -when they sold the fee of it to Robert Charles -Tudway, Esq., M.P. for Wells.</p> - -<p class="author"><span class="sc">Ina.</span></p> - -<p>Wells.</p> - -<p><i>Penny-come-quick</i> (Vol. viii., pp. 8. 113. 184.).—Your -correspondents on the subject of this name -do not appear to be aware that there is a place -also so called in Ireland: a small public-house, -and one or two others, on the high road between -Wicklow and Arklow, near the sea-shore, three -miles north of the latter town. In Taylor and -Skinners Road Maps of Ireland (1776), it is -spelled "Penny-<i>con</i>-quick." I have been there, -and do not think that the site countenances -H. C. K.'s ingenious etymology.</p> - -<p class="author">C.</p> - -<p><i>Eugene Aram's Comparative Lexicon</i> (Vol. vii., -p. 597.).—<span class="sc">Mr. E. S. Taylor</span> will perhaps be glad -to know that specimens of the above <i>Lexicon</i> were -printed at the end of a small work published about -twenty-five years since by Mr. Bell of Richmond -(Yorkshire), entitled <i>The Trial and Life of -Eugene Aram</i>.</p> - -<p class="author"><span class="sc">Norris Deck.</span></p> - -<p>Cambridge.</p> - -<p><i>Wooden Tombs and Effigies</i> (Vol. vii., pp. 528. -607., &c.).—At Sparsholt, Berks, in the south -transept are two female effigies of wood, under -sepulchral arches, richly carved in stone: one of -them is engraved in Hollis's <i>Monuments</i>. At -Burghfield and Barkham, in the same county, are -also wooden effigies of the fourteenth century.</p> - -<p>At Hildersham Church, Cambridgeshire, within -the altar rails, on the north side, is a wooden -monument of a knight and his lady: the knight -cross-legged, and drawing his sword. They are -said to be the effigies of Sir Thomas Busteler and -lady, temp. Edward II.</p> - -<p class="author"><span class="sc">Norris Deck.</span></p> - -<p>Cambridge.</p> - -<p><i>Queen Anne's Motto</i> (Vol. viii., p. 174.).—By -an order of the queen in council, 17th of April, -1707, consequent upon the union of Scotland with -England, it was declared in what manner the ensigns -armorial of the United Kingdom (called -Great Britain) should thenceforth be borne; -when it was also declared that her majesty's motto, -"Semper eadem," should be <i>continued</i>.</p> - -<p class="author">G.</p> - -<p><i>Longevity</i> (Vol. vii., p. 368. &c.).—Several of -the upland parishes bordering on the river Yare -have had remarkable instances of longevity. One -of the best authenticated was a man named Pottle, -who resided on the Reedham estate of the late -J. F. Leathes, Esq., of Herringfleet. When -Pottle was 104 years old, the tenantry on the -estate subscribed to have his portrait painted,<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_256"></a>{256}</span> -which they presented to their landlord, each retaining -a lithograph copy of it. Many of these -copies I have seen. Two years after this I conversed with -the old man, who was then keeping -cows on a common. There was nothing remarkable -about him except his voice, which was very -loud and powerful. He has now been dead some -time, but I do not know his exact age at death.</p> - -<p>In the register of burials for the parish of -Runham, Norfolk, is this entry:</p> - -<blockquote> - -<p>"August 12, 1788. William Russels, aged One -hundred and one years."</p> - -</blockquote> - -<p>The clergyman has entered the age in round text-hand, -evidently that the entry might not escape -notice.</p> - -<p class="author">E. G. R.</p> - -<p><i>Irish Bishops as English Suffragans</i> (Vol. vii., -p. 569.).—The following instances of Irish bishops -acting as bishops in England will be additional -illustrations of the facts adduced by <span class="sc">An Oxford -B. C. L.</span></p> - -<blockquote> - -<p>"Requisitus idem Simon de suis Ordinibus dicit, -quod apud Oxoniam recepit Ordinem subdiaconi a -<i>quodam Episcopo Yberniæ</i>, Albino nomine, <i>tunc vicario -Episcopi Lincolniensis</i>. Item ab eodem recepit Ordinem -diaconi.... ¶ Capellanus de Sandhurst -Johannes De Siveburn dicit, quod ordinatus fuit sudiaconum -apud Cicestriam, Diaconum apud Winton., -<i>ab Episcopo Godfrido, in Ybernia</i>."—Maskell's <i>Ancient -Liturgy of the Church of England</i>, p. 181., note.</p> - -</blockquote> - -<p class="author"><span class="sc">W. Fraser.</span></p> - -<p>Tor-Mohun.</p> - -<p><i>Green Pots used for drinking from by Members -of the Temple</i> (Vol. viii., p. 171.).—The green -pots mentioned in Sir Julius Cæsar's letter had -been introduced into the Inner Temple about -thirty years before its date. This appears from -the following passage in Dugdale's <i>Origines Juridiciales</i> -(1680), p. 148., where he refers to the -register of that Society, fol. 127 <i>a.</i>:</p> - -<blockquote> - -<p>"Untill the second year of Q. Eliz. reign, this Society -did use to drink in Cups of Ashen-Wood (such -as are still used in the King's Court), but then those -were laid aside, and green earthen pots introduced, -which have ever since continued."</p> - -</blockquote> - -<p>When were these green pots discontinued? -Paper Buildings were erected nearly fifty years -before Dugdale's time. The new part built in -1849 was on the south of these, which may, -perhaps, have been the site of the dust-hole of the -Society, and thus become the depositary of the -broken pots mentioned by B.</p> - -<p class="author"><span class="sc">Edward Foss.</span></p> - -<p><i>Shape of Coffins</i> (Vol. viii., p. 104.).—As bearing -somewhat upon <span class="sc">Mr. Ellacombe's</span> Query, allow -me to remark that when travelling a few years -since in the United States, having about an hour's -delay in the city of Rochester, N. Y., I entered -one of the churches during a funeral service. -When the ceremony (at which a considerable number -of persons attended) was concluded, the -congregation left their seats and walked in very -orderly procession towards the reading-desk, in -front of which was placed the coffin, without any -pall or covering. They then slowly walked round it, -in order, as I afterwards found, to take their -last look at the departed. This they were enabled -to do without the removal of the lid, by raising -the upper or head portion of it, which was hinged -a square of glass beneath allowing the face to be -seen. This strange custom, which, for my own -part, I think would be "more honoured by the -breach than the observance," as the recollection -of the living face to me is far preferable to that -of death, I do not remember to have seen noticed -by any of our many travellers in America, though -I afterwards found it to be general. The coffins, -which are somewhat differently shaped to ours, -sloping towards the feet, are rarely covered with -cloth; but are generally made of some hard wood -such as walnut, highly polished.</p> - -<p class="author"><span class="sc">Robert Wright.</span></p> - -<p><i>Old Fogies</i> (Vol. viii., p. 154.).—There may -be too much of even a good thing, and I wish -some of the writers in "N. & Q." would study -compression a little. A short paragraph which I -wrote, more in jest than earnest, on the above -phrase, has drawn down on me no less than two -columns from J. L. But this comes of meddling -with Scotland.</p> - -<p>One might fancy that J. L. was the Irish, not -the Scottish advocate, for he proves the prior -claim of Scotland by showing that the word which -I had stated to have been in use in Dublin in the -first half of the last century, was known in Edinburgh -in the last half of it. He must also excuse -my saying that he does not seem ever to have -studied etymology, one of the rules of which is, -that if a probable origin of a word can be found in -the language to which it belongs, we should not -seek elsewhere. Now <i>fogie</i> (i.e. <i>folkie</i>, the Dutch -<i>volkje</i>) comes as surely from <i>folk</i>, as <i>lassie</i> from -<i>lass</i>, or any other diminutive from its primitive. -I now have done with the subject.</p> - -<p class="author"><span class="sc">Thos. Keightley.</span></p> - -<p><i>Swan-marks</i> (Vol. viii., p 62.).—<span class="sc">W. Collyn's</span> -remark on swan-marks may mislead; therefore it -is worth noting that "the swan with two necks" is -not "a corruption of the <i>private</i> mark of the owner -of the swans, viz. two nicks made by cutting the -<i>neck feathers</i> close in two places." The nicks were -made in the <i>beak</i>; and the privilege of having -swan-marks was by grant from the crown.</p> - -<p>The Vintners' Company's mark for their swans -on the Thames was two nicks; hence a two-nicked -swan was a very appropriate sign for a tavern. -The royal swans are marked with five nicks, two -lengthwise, and three across the bill (See Hone's<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_257"></a>{257}</span> -<i>Every-day Book</i>, 1827, p. 963; Yarrell's <i>British -Birds</i>; Jardine's <i>Nat. Lib.</i>; <i>Penny Cyclop.</i>, art. -"Swan.") It is to be noted, however, that Hone -is in error in saying the two nicks are the <i>royal</i> -swan-mark.</p> - -<p class="author"><span class="sc">Eden Warwick.</span></p> - -<p>Birmingham.</p> - -<p><i>Limerick, Dublin, and Cork</i> (Vol. viii., p. 102.).—I -should think the author of this doggrel couplet, -if we are to consider it as a fair specimen of his -poetic genius, may safely be permitted to remain -in obscurity. Be that as it may, the lines are by -no means new, nor are they confined to the sister -isle alone. In the <i>Prophecies of Nixon</i>, the Cheshire -Merlin, who lived nobody knows when, -except that it was certainly a "long time ago," we -are given to understand that:</p> - -<div class="poem"> - <div class="stanza"> - <p>"London streets shall run with blood,</p> - <p class="i1">And at last shall sink</p> - <p>So that it shall be fulfilled,</p> - <p>That Lincoln was, London is, and York shall be</p> - <p class="i1">The finest city of the three."</p> - </div> -</div> - -<p>As I have just stated, the original date of these -<i>Prophecies</i> is somewhat involved in mystery; but -I myself possess copies of three different editions -published during the last century, the first of the -three, purporting to be the sixth edition, bearing -date London, 1719. A Life of Nixon, affixed to -this edition, states him to have lived and prophesied -in the reign of King James I.; at whose court, -we are farther told, he was, in conformity with -his own prediction, starved to death. His <i>Prophecies</i> -are, by the learned, held to be apocryphal; -the country folk of Cheshire, on the contrary, -have as much faith in them and their author as -they have in the fact of their own existence.</p> - -<p class="author"><span class="sc">T. Hughes.</span></p> - -<p>Chester.</p> - -<p><i>"Could we with ink," &c.</i> (Vol. viii., pp. 127. -180.).—I am surprised that none of your correspondents -has referred to Smart, the translator of -Horace, who has been frequently stated to be the -writer of these lines, and I believe with truth.</p> - -<p class="author">E. H. D. D.</p> - -<p><i>Character of the Song of the Nightingale</i> -(Vol. vii., p. 397.; Vol. viii., p. 112.).—Although -Milton seems to have generally used the epithet -<i>solemn</i> in its classical sense (as cleverly pointed -out by <span class="sc">Mr. Sydney Gedge</span>), and meant to represent -the nightingale as the <i>customary</i> attendant of -night, yet there is at least one passage where the -epithet appears to me not to have this meaning; -but to express that the song of the nightingale -caused "a holy joy," and was heard not only in -the day-time, but all through the night. For -although Milton calls the nightingale "the night-warbling -bird," and so makes it "the customary -attendant of the night," yet he also elsewhere as -truly speaks of it as a <i>day</i> singer. The passage I -referred to is in <i>Paradise Lost</i>, book vii., and -seems to me to bear the meaning above spoken of; -though <span class="sc">Mr. Gedge</span> may perhaps make "solemn" -refer back to the last noun "even." And I confess -that the meaning seems dubious:</p> - -<div class="poem"> - <div class="stanza"> - <p>"From branch to branch, the smaller birds with song</p> - <p>Solac'd the woods, and spread their painted wings</p> - <p>Till even; nor then the solemn nightingale</p> - <p>Ceas'd warbling, but all night tun'd her soft lays."</p> - </div> -</div> - -<p>I can add one other epithet to the one hundred -and nine which I have already given of the nightingale's -song:</p> - -<div class="poem"> - <div class="stanza"> - <p><i>Wond'ring.</i> Dryden ("Palamon and Arcite").</p> - </div> -</div> - -<p>I may add, that Otway and Grainger (erroneously -printed Graingle) appear to have used -"solemn" in the ordinary meaning of the word.</p> - -<p class="author"><span class="sc">Cuthbert Bede, B.A.</span></p> - -<p><i>Adamson's "Lusitania Illustrata"</i> (Vol. viii., -p. 104.).—Your correspondent W. M. M. may -consult the following works with great advantage:</p> - -<blockquote> - -<p>"Résumé de l'Histoire Littéraire du Portugal, suivi -du Résumé de l'Histoire Littéraire du Brésil, 12mo.: -Paris, 1826."</p> - -<p>"Parnaso Lusitano, ou Poesias selectas dos auctores -Portuguezos antigos e modernos, illustrados cum notas, -percedido de una Historia abreviada da lingua e -poesia Portugueza, tom. v., 18mo. Paris, 1826."</p> - -</blockquote> - -<p>The destruction by fire of Mr. Adamson's -library, which was so rich in Portuguese literature, -has, with other circumstances, hitherto prevented -the continuation of the <i>Lusitania Illustrata</i>; -but the appearance of future parts, in furtherance -of the original plan, is by no means abandoned.</p> - -<p class="author">E. H. A.</p> - -<p><i>Adamsoniana</i> (Vol. vii., p. 500.; Vol. viii., -p. 135.).—I was aware of the way in which the -famous naturalist spelt his name, but supposed -that Michel Ada<i>n</i>son and Michael Ada<i>m</i>son were -the same, the former being merely the French -mode of writing according to their pronunciation. -I was also aware of the leading events in the -naturalist's own career, but was desirous if possible -of identifying his father: "the gentleman -who, after firmly attaching himself to the Stuarts, -left Scotland, and entered the service of the -Archbishop of Aix."</p> - -<p>Perhaps I may be more fortunate in obtaining -some information respecting another Scot of the -same name: James Adamson, for thirty-one years -rector of Tigh, in Rutlandshire, who is described -in the inscription upon his tombstone as "natu -Scotus, Anglus vita, moribus antiquis, cum rege -suo in prosperis et adversis." I believe he was -the father of John Adamson, M.A., Rector Of -Burton Coggles, in Lincolnshire: the author of -two sermons; one published in 1698, and entitled -<i>The Duty of Daily frequenting the Public Service</i><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_258"></a>{258}</span> -of the Church; another in 1707, being -the <i>Funeral Sermon for Sir E. Turnor of Stoke -Rochford</i><a name="footnotetag6" href="#footnote6"><sup>[6]</sup></a> (whose chaplain he was), a great promoter -of pious and charitable undertakings. Can -these sermons be now procured? Is anything -further known respecting the author or his family?</p> - -<p class="author">E. H. A.</p> - -<div class="note"> - -<p><a name="footnote6"></a><b>Footnote 6:</b><a href="#footnotetag6">(return)</a></p> - -<p>This sermon is in the British Museum.—<span class="sc">Ed.</span></p> - -</div> - -<p><i>Crassus' Saying</i> (Vol. vii., p. 498.).—<span class="sc">Mr. Ewart</span> -will not easily extract his English from the Latin, -which is simply, "Fit salad for such lips."</p> - -<p class="author">S. Z. Z. S.</p> - -<p><i>Stanzas in "Childe Harold"</i> (Vol. iv. <i>passim</i>).—This -stanza has already occupied too many of -your pages; will you, however, allow me to put a -ryder on it, by referring your correspondents -to Lord Byron's <i>own</i> ignorance of the meaning of -an expression in this stanza, expressed in a letter -to Murray, published in Moore's <i>Life</i>, Letter 323, -dated Venice, 24th September, 1818, when, after -pointing out an error in the same canto, he says:</p> - -<blockquote> - -<p>"What does 'thy waters <i>wasted</i> them' mean? <i>That -is not me.</i> Consult the MS. always."</p> - -</blockquote> - -<p>And in a note by Moore on this letter, he says, -"This passage retains <i>also</i> uncorrected."</p> - -<p>At the end of this letter Byron writes, "<i>I saw the -canto by accident.</i>" Query: If Byron only saw -his cantos by "accident," would not a new edition -of his works collated with his MSS. be "a consummation -devoutly to be wished."</p> - -<p class="author"><span class="sc">S. Wmson.</span></p> - -<p>Glasgow.</p> - -<p><i>"Well's a fret"</i> (Vol. viii., p. 197.).—This is one -of a class which will be lost if not recorded. -Forty years ago, in the West of England, and -perhaps elsewhere, a servant, when teased by a -child to know where such a person was, would -answer—</p> - -<div class="poem"> - <div class="stanza"> - <p class="i12">"In his skin</p> - <p>When he jumps out, you may jump in."</p> - </div> -</div> - -<p>The answer to <i>Eh</i>? was always <i>Straw</i>. I dare -say more of these things will be produced. What -ought they to be called?</p> - -<p class="author">M.</p> - -<p><i>Tenet or Tenent</i> (Vol. vii., p. 205.).—We speak -of the <i>tenets</i> of a sect. Somewhat less than a century -ago the formula would have been their -<i>tenents</i>; and was not this the more correct?</p> - -<p class="author"><span class="sc">Balliolensis.</span></p> - -<p><i>Mrs. Catherine Barton</i> (Vol. iii., pp. 328. 434.).—When -I answered the Query, I was not aware -of what Baily states in the Supplement to Flamstead, -p. 750. Rigaud ascertained for Baily that -Mrs. C. B. (the title <i>Mistress</i> being given at that -period to marriageable young ladies) was not the -<i>wife</i>, but the <i>sister</i> of Colonel Barton. Both were -the children of Hannah Smith, Newton's half-sister, -and Robert Barton. Mrs. C. B. was born -about 1680.</p> - -<p class="author">M.</p> - -<hr class="full" /> - -<h2>Miscellaneous.</h2> - -<h3>BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES WANTED TO PURCHASE.</h3> - -<p><span class="sc">Proceedings of the London Geological Society.</span></p> - -<p><span class="sc">Prescott's History of the Conquest of Mexico.</span> 3 Vols. -London. Vol. III.</p> - -<p><span class="sc">Mrs. Ellis's Social Distinctions.</span> Tallis's Edition. Vols. II. -and III. 8vo.</p> - -<p><span class="sc">History and Antiquities of Newbury.</span> 8vo. 1839. 340 pages. -Two Copies.</p> - -<p><span class="sc">Vancouver's Survey of Hampshire.</span></p> - -<p><span class="sc">Hemingway's History of Chester.</span> Large Paper. Parts I. -and III.</p> - -<p><span class="sc">Correspondence on the Formation of the Roman Catholic -Bible Society.</span> 8vo. London, 1813.</p> - -<p><span class="sc">Athenæum Journal</span> for 1844.</p> - -<p>⁂ <i>Correspondents sending Lists of Books Wanted are requested -to send their names.</i></p> - -<p>⁂ Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, <i>carriage free</i>, -to be sent to <span class="sc">Mr. Bell</span>, Publisher of "NOTES AND -QUERIES." 186. Fleet Street.</p> - -<hr class="full" /> - -<h2>Notices to Correspondents.</h2> - -<p><i>We have postponed</i> <span class="sc">Icon's</span> <i>friendly letter on the</i> Shakspeare -Correspondence <i>until next week, when we propose to accompany -it by some few observations of our own. We shall take that opportunity -also of noticing a communication with which we have been -favoured by</i> <span class="sc">Mr. Singer</span>.</p> - -<p>Z. <i>will find some illustrations of his Queries on</i> Passages from -Milton and Gray <i>discussed in our present Number. The other -shall appear in an early Number.</i></p> - -<p>A. B. C. <i>It does not follow that, because we thought the one -paper sent us by this Correspondent worthy of insertion in our -columns, every other which he may favour us with is to be printed.</i></p> - -<p>Greek Inscription on a Font.—<i>We have been reminded by -several friendly Correspondents that this Query, inserted</i> ante, -p. 198., <i>had been discussed in our preceding Volume</i>, pp. 178, -366. 417.</p> - -<p>Z. <i>Mr. Winston's book, published by Parker of Oxford, will -give him the best information on the subject of</i> Stained or Coloured -Glass.</p> - -<p>R. W. E. (Clifton). <i>Would our Correspondent oblige us by -forwarding a copy of the 1st No. of the</i> Curiosities of Bristol and -its Neighbourhood?</p> - -<p>C. <i>will find that his Query respecting</i> Grinning like a Cheshire -Cat <i>has been anticipated</i>, "N. & Q.," Vol. ii., pp. 377. 412. -Vol. v., p. 402.</p> - -<p>J. E.'s <i>Query has been long since put and answered, as he will -see by an article in the present Number.</i></p> - -<p>T. D. S. (Ruthin). <i>In all probability there is a deficiency of -acetic acid in your developing solution, or the acetic acid is impure -and is adulterated with sulphuric acid. A few drops of nitrate of -baryta would test the purity.</i></p> - -<p><span class="sc">Colouring Collodion Pictures.</span>—<i>We should like to see a -specimen of Mr. Lane's skill, and should be very happy to insert -his process.</i></p> - -<p><span class="sc">Photography at Bath.</span>—<i>We understand that a pamphlet impugning -the correctness of some processes given in</i> "N. & Q." -<i>has been published at Bath, but, as we know neither the author's -name nor the publisher, have to request information on those -points from some Bath photographer.</i></p> - -<p><i>Errata.</i>—In p. 194., for "bytleing" read "bything;" for -"byth" read "bytl.;" p. 195., the 24th line from the bottom -the page, for "the prenzie Angelo", read "the prenze Angelo;" -p. 207., for "parish of West Fetton" read "parish of West -Felton."</p> - -<p><i>A few complete sets of</i> "<span class="sc">Notes and Queries</span>," Vols. i. <i>to</i> vii., -<i>price Three Guineas and a Half, may now be had; for which -early application is desirable.</i></p> - -<p>"<span class="sc">Notes and Queries</span>" <i>is published at noon on Friday, so that -the Country Booksellers may receive Copies in that night's parcels, -and deliver them to their Subscribers on the Saturday.</i></p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_259"></a>{259}</span></p> - -<hr class="full" /> - -<h3>INDIGESTION, CONSTIPATION,<br /> -NERVOUSNESS, &c.—BARRY,<br /> -DU BARRY & CO.'S HEALTH-RESTORING<br /> -FOOD for INVALIDS and INFANTS.</h3> - -<hr /> - -<p class="cenhead">THE REVALENTA ARABICA FOOD,</p> - -<p>the only natural, pleasant, and effectual remedy -(without medicine, purging, inconvenience, -or expense, as it saves fifty times its cost -in other remedies) for nervous, stomachic, intestinal, -liver and bilious complaints, however -deeply rooted, dyspepsia (indigestion), habitual -constipation, diarrhœa, acidity, heartburn, flatulency, -oppression, distension, palpitation, -eruption of the skin, rheumatism, gout, dropsy, -sickness at the stomach during pregnancy, at -sea, and under all other circumstances, debility -in the aged as well as infants, fits, spasms, -cramps, paralysis, &c.</p> - -<blockquote> - -<p class="cenhead"><i>A few out of 50,000 Cures</i>:—</p> - -<p>Cure, No. 71, of dyspepsia; from the Right -Hon. the Lord Stuart de Decies:—"I have derived -considerable benefits from your Revalenta -Arabica Food, and consider it due to yourselves -and the public to authorise the publication of -these lines.—<span class="sc">Stuart de Decies.</span>"</p> - -<p>Cure, No. 49,832:—"Fifty years' indescribable -agony from dyspepsia, nervousness, asthma, -cough, constipation, flatulency, spasms, sickness -at the stomach and vomitings have been -removed by Du Barry's excellent food.—<span class="sc">Maria -Jolly</span>, Wortham Ling, near Diss, Norfolk."</p> - -<p>Cure, No. 180:—"Twenty-five years' nervousness, -constipation, indigestion, and debility, -from which I had suffered great misery, and -which no medicine could remove or relieve, -have been effectually cured by Du Barry's food -in a very short time.—<span class="sc">W. R. Reeves</span>, Pool -Anthony, Tiverton."</p> - -<p>Cure, No. 4,206:—"Eight years' dyspepsia, -nervousness, debility, with cramps, spasms, and -nausea, for which my servant had consulted -the advice of many, have been effectually removed -by Du Barry's delicious food in a very -short time. I shall be happy to answer any inquiries.—<span class="sc">Rev. -John W. Flavell</span>, Ridlington -Rectory, Norfolk."</p> - -<p class="center"><i>Dr. Wurzer's Testimonial.</i></p> - -<p class="right">"Bonn, July 19, 1852.</p> - -<p>"This light and pleasant Farina is one of the -most excellent, nourishing, and restorative -remedies, and supersedes, in many cases, all -kinds of medicines. It is particularly useful -in confined habit of body, as also diarrhœa, -bowel complaints, affections of the kidneys and -bladder, such as stone or gravel; inflammatory -irritation and cramp of the urethra, cramp of -the kidneys and bladder, strictures, and hemorrhoids. -This really invaluable remedy is employed -with the most satisfactory result, not -only in bronchial and pulmonary complaints, -where irritation and pain are to be removed, -but also in pulmonary and bronchial consumption, -in which it counteracts effectually the -troublesome cough; and I am enabled with -perfect truth to express the conviction that Du -Barry's Revalenta Arabica is adapted to the -cure of incipient hectic complaints and consumption.</p> - -<p class="center">"<span class="sc">Dr. Rud Wurzer.</span><br /> -"Counsel of Medicine, and practical M.D. in Bonn."</p> - -</blockquote> - -<p>London Agents:—Fortnum, Mason & Co., -182. Piccadilly, purveyors to Her Majesty the -Queen; Hedges & Butler, 155. Regent Street; -and through all respectable grocers, chemists, -and medicine venders. In canisters, suitably -packed for all climates, and with full instructions, -1lb. 2<i>s.</i> 9<i>d.</i>; 2lb. 4<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>; 5lb. 11<i>s.</i>; 12lb. -22<i>s.</i>; super-refined, 5lb. 22<i>s.</i>; 10lb. 33<i>s.</i> The -10lb. and 12lb. carriage free, on receipt of Post-office -order.—Barry, Du Barry Co., 77. Regent -Street, London.</p> - -<p><span class="sc">Important Caution.</span>—Many invalids having -been seriously injured by spurious imitations -under closely similar names, such as Ervalenta, -Arabaca, and others, the public will do well to -see that each canister bears the name <span class="sc">Barry, -Du Barry & Co.</span>, 77. Regent Street, London, -in full, <i>without which none is genuine</i>.</p> - -<hr class="full" /> - -<h3>WESTERN LIFE ASSURANCE AND ANNUITY SOCIETY,</h3> - -<p class="cenhead">3. 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Forwarded -free on receipt of Six Postage Stamps.</p> - -<p>Instructions given in every branch of the Art.</p> - -<p>An extensive Collection of Stereoscopic and -other Photographic Specimens.</p> - -<p class="cenhead">GEORGE KNIGHT & SONS, Foster Lane, -London.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_260"></a>{260}</span></p> - -<hr class="full" /> - -<p class="cenhead">On Tuesday will be published, the Second -Volume of</p> - -<p>MISS AGNES STRICKLAND'S -LIFE OF MARY QUEEN -OF SCOTS, forming the Fourth Volume of -her LIVES OF THE QUEENS OF SCOTLAND, -and English Princesses connected with -the Regal Succession. With a Portrait of -Mary at the Age of Twenty-five, from the -Original Painting presented by herself to Sir -Henry Curwen of Workinton Hall.</p> - -<p>Volumes I. to III. contain the Lives of Margaret -Tudor, Magdalene of France, Mary of -Lorraine, Lady Margaret Douglas, and the -earlier Portion of the Life of Queen Mary. -Price 10<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> each, with Portraits and Historical -Vignettes.</p> - -<p class="cenhead">WILLIAM BLACKWOOD & SONS, Edinburgh -and London.</p> - -<hr class="full" /> - -<p>THE GENTLEMAN'S MAGAZINE -AND HISTORICAL REVIEW -FOR SEPTEMBER, contains the following -articles:—</p> - -<blockquote> - -<p>1. The Grenville Correspondence.</p> - -<p>2. The Byzantine Cæsars of the Iconoclastic -Period.</p> - -<p>3. The Fine Arts at Rome in 1736.</p> - -<p>4. State Papers of Henry the Eighth.</p> - -<p>5. Dr. Bathurst, Bishop of Norwich.</p> - -<p>6. Notes on Shakspeare's Text.</p> - -<p>7. Wanderings of an Antiquary: by T. -Wright, F.S.A.—The Roman Villa at Bignor -(with Engravings).</p> - -<p>8. Virtuosi of the Eighteenth Century.</p> - -</blockquote> - -<p>With Correspondence, Notes of the Month, -Historical and Miscellaneous Reviews, Reports -of Archæological Societies, Historical Chronicle, -and <span class="sc">Obituary</span>.</p> - -<p class="cenhead">NICHOLS AND SONS, 25. Parliament Street.</p> - -<hr class="full" /> - -<p class="cenhead">ARCHÆOLOGY OF SUSSEX.</p> - -<p>THE GENTLEMAN'S MAGAZINE -for AUGUST contains a revised -Report of the Proceedings of the Archæological -Institute at their Meeting at Chichester, including -the Lectures of Professor Willis on -Chichester Cathedral, Mr. Sharpe on the Sussex -Churches, Dr. Bruce on the Bayeux Tapestry, -Mr. Freeman on the Life of Earl Godwin, -Mr. Durrant Cooper on Sussex Nomenclature, -&c. &c.</p> - -<p>The Magazine also contains the following -articles:—1. State Papers of the Reign of -Henry VIII. 2. Madame de Longueville. -3. The Prospero of "The Tempest." 4. Letter -of Major P. Ferguson during the American -War. 5. Wanderings of an Antiquary: Bramber -Castle and the Sussex Churches, by Thomas -Wright, F.S.A. (with Engravings). 6. St. Hilary -Church, Cornwall (with an Engraving). -7. Benjamin Robert Haydon. 8. The Northern -Topographers—Whitaker, Surtees, and Raine. -9. Passage of the Pruth in the year 1739. -10. Early History of the Post-Office. 11. Correspondence -of Sylvanus Urban: A Peep at -the Library of Chichester Cathedral—Christ's -Church at Norwich—Rev. Wm. Smith of -Melsonby—Godmanham and Londesborough. -With Reviews of New Publications, a Report -of the Meeting of the Archæological Institute -at Chichester, and of other Antiquarian Societies, -Historical Chronicle, and <span class="sc">Obituary</span>. -Price 2<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> - -<p class="cenhead">NICHOLS & SONS, 25. 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HUDSON TURNER.</p> - -<p>"What Horace Walpole attempted, and what -Sir Charles Lock Eastlake has done for oil-painting—elucidated -its history and traced its -progress in England by means of the records -of expenses and mandates of the successive -Sovereigns of the realm—Mr. Hudson Turner -has now achieved for Domestic Architecture in -this country during the twelfth and thirteenth -centuries."—<i>Architect.</i></p> - -<p>"The writer of the present volume ranks -among the most intelligent of the craft, and -a careful perusal of its contents will convince -the reader of the enormous amount of labour -bestowed on its minutest details, as well as the -discriminating judgment presiding over the -general arrangement."—<i>Morning Chronicle.</i></p> - -<p>"The book of which the title is given above -is one of the very few attempts that have been -made in this country to treat this interesting -subject in anything more than a superficial -manner.</p> - -<p>"Mr. Turner exhibits much learning and -research, and he has consequently laid before -the reader much interesting information. It -is a book that was wanted, and that affords us -some relief from the mass of works on Ecclesiastical -Architecture with which of late years -we have been deluged.</p> - -<p>"The work is well illustrated throughout -with wood-engravings of the more interesting -remains, and will prove a valuable addition to -the antiquary's library."—<i>Literary Gazette.</i></p> - -<p>"It is as a text-book on the social comforts -and condition of the Squires and Gentry of -England during the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, -that the leading value of Mr. Turner's -present publication will be found to consist.</p> - -<p>"Turner's handsomely-printed volume is -profusely illustrated with careful woodcuts of -all important existing remains, made from -drawings by Mr. Blore and Mr. Twopeny."—<i>Athenæum.</i></p> - -<p class="cenhead">JOHN HENRY PARKER, Oxford; and -377. Strand, London.</p> - -<hr class="full" /> - -<p class="cenhead">Now ready, price 21<i>s.</i> uniform with the above,</p> - -<p>THE DOMESTIC ARCHITECTURE -OF THE MIDDLE AGES. -Vol. II.—THE FOURTEENTH CENTURY. -By the Editor of "The Glossary of Architecture."</p> - -<p>This volume is issued on the plan adopted by -the late Mr. Hudson Turner in the previous -volume: viz., collecting matter relating to -Domestic buildings of the Period, from cotemporary -records, and applying the information -so acquired to the existing remains.</p> - -<p>Not only does the volume contain much -curious information both as to the buildings -and manners and customs of the time, but it is -also hoped that the large collection of careful -Engravings of the finest examples will prove as -serviceable to the profession and their employers -in building mansions, as the Glossary -was found to be in building churches.</p> - -<p>The Text is interspersed throughout with -numerous woodcuts.</p> - -<p class="cenhead">JOHN HENRY PARKER, Oxford; and -377. 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