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+The Project Gutenberg EBook Myths And Legends Of Our Own Land, v7
+#7 in our series by Charles M. Skinner
+
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+Title: Myths And Legends Of Our Own Land (Along The Rocky Range)
+
+Author: Charles M. Skinner
+
+Release Date: October, 2004  [EBook #6612]
+[Yes, we are more than one year ahead of schedule]
+[This file was first posted on December 31, 2003]
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+Edition: 10
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+Language: English
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+Character set encoding: ASCII
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+*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK MYTHS-LEGENDS, BY SKINNER, V7 ***
+
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+This eBook was produced by David Widger <widger@cecomet.net>
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+
+
+                           MYTHS AND LEGENDS
+                                   OF
+                              OUR OWN LAND
+
+                                   By
+                           Charles M. Skinner
+
+                                Vol. 7.
+
+
+                         ALONG THE ROCKY RANGE
+
+
+
+
+CONTENTS:
+
+Over the Divide
+The Phantom Train of Marshall Pass
+The River of Lost Souls
+Riders of the Desert
+The Division of Two Tribes
+Besieged by Starvation
+A Yellowstone Tragedy
+The Broad House
+The Death Waltz
+The Flood at Santa Fe
+Goddess of Salt
+The Coming of the Navajos
+The Ark on Superstition Mountains
+The Pale Faced Lightning
+The Weird Sentinel at Squaw Peak
+Sacrifice of the Toltecs
+Ta-Vwots Conquers the Sun
+The Comanche Rider
+Horned Toad and Giants
+The Spider Tower
+The Lost Trail
+A Battle in the Air
+
+
+
+
+                          ALONG THE ROCKY RANGE
+
+                             OVER THE DIVIDE
+
+The hope of finding El Dorado, that animated the adventurous Spaniards
+who made the earlier recorded voyages to America, lived in the souls of
+Western mountaineers as late as the first half of this century.  Ample
+discoveries of gold in California and Colorado gave color to the belief
+in this land of riches, and hunger, illness, privation, the persecutions
+of savages, and death itself were braved in the effort to reach and
+unlock the treasure caves of earth.  Until mining became a systematic
+business, prospectors were dissatisfied with the smaller deposits of
+precious metal and dreamed of golden hills farther away.  The unknown
+regions beyond the Rocky Mountains were filled by imagination with
+magnificent possibilities, and it was the hope of the miner to penetrate
+the wilderness, "strike it rich," and "make his pile."
+
+Thus, the region indicated as "over the divide" meaning the continental
+water-shed-or "over the range" came to signify not a delectable land
+alone, but a sum of delectable conditions, and, ultimately, the goal of
+posthumous delights.  Hence the phrase in use to-day: "Poor Bill!  He's
+gone over the divide."
+
+The Indian's name of heaven--"the happy hunting ground"--is of similar
+significance, and among many of the tribes it had a definite place in
+the far Southwest, to which their souls were carried on cobweb floats.
+Just before reaching it they came to a dark river that had to be crossed
+on a log.  If they had been good in the world of the living they
+suffered no harm from the rocks and surges, but if their lives had been
+evil they never reached the farther shore, for they were swept into a
+place of whirlpools, where, for ever and ever, they were tossed on the
+torrent amid thousands of clinging, stinging snakes and shoals of putrid
+fish.  From the far North and East the Milky Way was the star-path
+across the divide.
+
+
+
+
+                    THE PHANTOM TRAIN OF MARSHALL PASS
+
+Soon after the rails were laid across Marshall Pass, Colorado, where
+they go over a height of twelve thousand feet above the sea, an old
+engineer named Nelson Edwards was assigned to a train.  He had travelled
+the road with passengers behind him for a couple of months and met with
+no accident, but one night as he set off for the divide he fancied that
+the silence was deeper, the canon darker, and the air frostier than
+usual.  A defective rail and an unsafe bridge had been reported that
+morning, and he began the long ascent with some misgivings.  As he left
+the first line of snow-sheds he heard a whistle echoing somewhere among
+the ice and rocks, and at the same time the gong in his cab sounded and
+he applied the brakes.
+
+The conductor ran up and asked, "What did you stop for?"
+
+"Why did you signal to stop?"
+
+"I gave no signal.  Pull her open and light out, for we've got to pass
+No. 19 at the switches, and there's a wild train climbing behind us."
+
+Edwards drew the lever, sanded the track, and the heavy train got under
+way again; but the whistles behind grew nearer, sounding danger-signals,
+and in turning a curve he looked out and saw a train speeding after him
+at a rate that must bring it against the rear of his own train if
+something were not done.  He broke into a sweat as he pulled the
+throttle wide open and lunged into a snow-bank.  The cars lurched, but
+the snow was flung off and the train went roaring through another shed.
+Here was where the defective rail had been reported.  No matter.  A
+greater danger was pressing behind.  The fireman piled on coal until his
+clothes were wet with perspiration, and fire belched from the smoke-
+stack.  The passengers, too, having been warned of their peril, had
+dressed themselves and were anxiously watching at the windows, for talk
+went among them that a mad engineer was driving the train behind.
+
+As Edwards crossed the summit he shut off steam and surrendered his
+train to the force of gravity.  Looking back, he could see by the faint
+light from new snow that the driving-wheels on the rear engine were
+bigger than his own, and that a tall figure stood atop of the cars and
+gestured franticly.  At a sharp turn in the track he found the other
+train but two hundred yards behind, and as he swept around the curve the
+engineer who was chasing him leaned from his window and laughed.  His
+face was like dough.  Snow was falling and had begun to drift in the
+hollows, but the trains flew on; bridges shook as they thundered across
+them; wind screamed in the ears of the passengers; the suspected bridge
+was reached; Edwards's heart was in his throat, but he seemed to clear
+the chasm by a bound.  Now the switch was in sight, but No. 19 was not
+there, and as the brakes were freed the train shot by like a flash.
+Suddenly a red light appeared ahead, swinging to and fro on the track.
+As well be run into behind as to crash into an obstacle ahead.  He heard
+the whistle of the pursuing locomotive yelp behind him, yet he reversed
+the lever and put on brakes, and for a few seconds lived in a hell of
+dread.
+
+Hearing no sound, now, he glanced back and saw the wild train almost
+leap upon his own--yet just before it touched it the track seemed to
+spread, the engine toppled from the bank, the whole train rolled
+into the canon and vanished.  Edwards shuddered and listened.  No cry of
+hurt men or hiss of steam came up--nothing but the groan of the wind as
+it rolled through the black depth.  The lantern ahead, too, had
+disappeared.  Now another danger impended, and there was no time to
+linger, for No. 19 might be on its way ahead if he did not reach the
+second switch before it moved out.  The mad run was resumed and the
+second switch was reached in time.  As Edwards was finishing the run to
+Green River, which he reached in the morning ahead of schedule, he found
+written in the frost of his cab-window these words: "A frate train was
+recked as yu saw.  Now that yu saw it yu will never make another run.
+The enjine was not ounder control and four sexshun men wor killed.  If
+yu ever run on this road again yu will be recked."  Edwards quit the
+road that morning, and returning to Denver found employment on the Union
+Pacific.  No wreck was discovered next day in the canon where he had
+seen it, nor has the phantom train been in chase of any engineer who has
+crossed the divide since that night.
+
+
+
+
+                         THE RIVER OF LOST SOULS
+
+In the days when Spain ruled the Western country an infantry regiment
+was ordered out from Santa Fe to open communication with Florida and to
+carry a chest of gold for the payment of the soldiers in St. Augustine.
+The men wintered on the site of Trinidad, comforted by the society of
+their wives and families, and in the spring the women and camp-followers
+were directed to remain, while the troops set forward along the canon of
+the Purgatoire--neither to reach their destination nor to return.  Did
+they attempt to descend the stream in boats and go to wreck among the
+rapids?  Were they swept into eternity by a freshet?  Did they lose
+their provisions and starve in the desert?  Did the Indians revenge
+themselves for brutality and selfishness by slaying them at night or
+from an ambush?  Were they killed by banditti?  Did they sink in the
+quicksands that led the river into subterranean canals?  None will ever
+know, perhaps; but many years afterward a savage told a priest in Santa
+Fe that the regiment had been surrounded by Indians, as Custer's command
+was in Montana, and slain, to a man.  Seeing that escape was hopeless,
+the colonel--so said the narrator--had buried the gold that he was
+transporting.  Thousands of doubloons are believed to be hidden in the
+canon, and thousands of dollars have been spent in searching for them.
+
+After weeks had lapsed into months and months into years, and no word
+came of the missing regiment, the priests named the river El Rio de las
+Animas Perdidas--the River of Lost Souls.  The echoing of the flood as
+it tumbled through the canon was said to be the lamentation of the
+troopers.  French trappers softened the suggestion of the Spanish title
+when they renamed it Purgatoire, and--"bullwhackers" teaming across the
+plains twisted the French title into the unmeaning "Picketwire."  But
+Americo-Spaniards keep alive the tradition, and the prayers of many have
+ascended and do ascend for the succor of those who vanished so strangely
+in the valley of Las Animas.
+
+
+
+
+                           RIDERS OF THE DESERT
+
+Among the sandstone columns of the Colorado foot-hills stood the lodge
+of Ta-in-ga-ro (First Falling Thunder).  Though swift in the chase and
+brave in battle, he seldom went abroad with neighboring tribes, for he
+was happy in the society of his wife, Zecana (The Bird).  To sell beaver
+and wild sheep-skins he often went with her to a post on the New Mexico
+frontier, and it was while at this fort that a Spanish trader saw the
+pretty Zecana, and, determining to win her, sent the Indian on a mission
+into the heart of the mountains, with a promise that she should rest
+securely at the settlement until his return.
+
+On his way Ta-in-ga-ro stopped at the spring in Manitou, and after
+drinking he cast beads and wampum into the well in oblation to its
+deity.  The offering was flung out by the bubbling water, and as he
+stared, distressed at this unwelcome omen, a picture formed on the
+surface--the anguished features of Zecana.  He ran to his horse,
+galloped away, and paused neither for rest nor food till he had reached
+the post.  The Spaniard was gone.  Turning, then, to the foot-hills, he
+urged his jaded horse toward his cabin, and arrived, one bright morning,
+flushed with joy to see his wife before his door and to hear her
+singing.  When he spoke she looked up carelessly and resumed her song.
+She did not know him.  Reason was gone.
+
+It was his cry of rage and grief, when, from her babbling, Ta-in-ga-ro
+learned of the Spaniard's treachery, that brought the wandering mind
+back for an instant.  Looking at her husband with a strange surprise and
+pain, she plucked the knife from his belt.  Before he could realize her
+purpose she had thrust it into her heart and had fallen dead at his
+feet.  For hours he stood there in stupefaction, but the stolid Indian
+nature soon resumed its sway.  Setting his lodge in order and feeding
+his horse, he wrapped Zecana's body in a buffalo-skin, then slept
+through the night in sheer exhaustion.  Two nights afterward the Indian
+stood in the shadow of a room in the trading fort and watched the
+Spaniard as he lay asleep.  Nobody knew how he passed the guard.
+
+In the small hours the traitor was roused by the strain of a belt across
+his mouth, and leaping up to fling it off, he felt the tug of a lariat
+at his throat.  His struggles were useless.  In a few moments he was
+bound hand and foot.  Lifting some strips of bark from the low roof, Ta-
+in-ga-ro pushed the Spaniard through the aperture and lowered him to the
+ground, outside the enclosure of which the house formed part.  Then, at
+the embers of a fire he kindled an arrow wrapped in the down of
+cottonwood and shot it into a haystack in the court.  In the smoke and
+confusion thus made, his own escape was unseen, save by a guardsman
+drowsily pacing his beat outside the square of buildings.  The sentinel
+would have given the alarm, had not the Indian pounced on him like a
+panther and laid him dead with a knife-stroke.
+
+Catching up the Spaniard, the Indian tied him to the back of a horse and
+set off beside him.  Thus they journeyed until they came to his lodge,
+where he released the trader from his horse and fed him, but kept his
+hands and legs hard bound, and paid no attention to his questions and
+his appeals for liberty.  Tying a strong and half-trained horse at his
+door, Ta-in-ga-ro placed a wooden saddle on him, cut off the Spaniard's
+clothes, and put him astride of the beast.  After he had fastened him
+into his seat with deer-skin thongs, he took Zecana's corpse from its
+wrapping and tied it to his prisoner, face to face.
+
+Then, loosing the horse, which was plunging and snorting to be rid of
+his burden, he saw him rush off on the limitless desert, and followed on
+his own strong steed.  At first the Spaniard fainted; on recovering he
+struggled to get free, but his struggles only brought him closer to the
+ghastly thing before him.  Noon-day heat covered him with sweat and
+blood dripped from the wales that the cords cut in his flesh.  At night
+he froze uncovered in the chill air, and, if for an instant his eyes
+closed in sleep, a curse, yelled into his ear, awoke him.  Ta-inga-ro
+gave him drink from time to time, but never food, and so they rode for
+days.  At last hunger overbore his loathing, and sinking his teeth into
+the dead flesh before him he feasted like a ghoul.
+
+Still they rode, Ta-in-ga-ro never far from his victim, on whose
+sufferings he gloated, until a gibbering cry told him that the Spaniard
+had gone mad.  Then, and not till then, he drew rein and watched the
+horse with its dead and maniac riders until they disappeared in the
+yellow void.  He turned away, but nevermore sought his home.  To and
+fro, through the brush, the sand, the alkali of the plains, go the ghost
+riders, forever.
+
+
+
+
+                        THE DIVISION OF TWO TRIBES
+
+When white men first penetrated the Western wilderness of America they
+found the tribes of Shoshone and Comanche at odds, and it is a legend of
+the springs of Manitou that their differences began there.  This
+"Saratoga of the West," nestling in a hollow of the foot-hills in the
+shadow of the noble peak of Pike, was in old days common meeting-ground
+for several families of red men.  Councils were held in safety there,
+for no Indian dared provoke the wrath of the manitou whose breath
+sparkled in the "medicine waters."  None?  Yes, one.  For, centuries ago
+a Shoshone and a Comanche stopped here on their return from a hunt to
+drink.  The Shoshone had been successful; the Comanche was empty handed
+and ill tempered, jealous of the other's skill and fortune.  Flinging
+down the fat deer that he was bearing homeward on his shoulders, the
+Shoshone bent over the spring of sweet water, and, after pouring a
+handful of it on the ground, as a libation to the spirit of the place,
+he put his lips to the surface.  It needed but faint pretext for his
+companion to begin a quarrel, and he did so in this fashion: "Why does a
+stranger drink at the spring-head when one of the owners of the fountain
+contents himself with its overflow?  How does a Shoshone dare to drink
+above me?"
+
+The other replied, "The Great Spirit places the water at the spring that
+his children may drink it undefiled.  I am Ausaqua, chief of Shoshones,
+and I drink at the head-water.  Shoshone and Comanche are brothers.  Let
+them drink together."
+
+"No.  The Shoshone pays tribute to the Comanche, and Wacomish leads that
+nation to war.  He is chief of the Shoshone as he is of his own people."
+
+"Wacomish lies.  His tongue is forked, like the snake's.  His heart is
+black.  When the Great Spirit made his children he said not to one,
+'Drink here,' and to another, 'Drink there,' but gave water that all
+might drink."
+
+The other made no answer, but as Ausaqua stooped toward the bubbling
+surface Wacomish crept behind him, flung himself against the hunter,
+forced his head beneath the water, and held him there until he was
+drowned.  As he pulled the dead body from the spring the water became
+agitated, and from the bubbles arose a vapor that gradually assumed the
+form of a venerable Indian, with long white locks, in whom the murderer
+recognized Waukauga, father of the Shoshone and Comanche nation, and a
+man whose heroism and goodness made his name revered in both these
+tribes.  The face of the patriarch was dark with wrath, and he cried, in
+terrible tones, "Accursed of my race!  This day thou hast severed the
+mightiest nation in the world.  The blood of the brave Shoshone appeals
+for vengeance.  May the water of thy tribe be rank and bitter in their
+throats."
+
+Then, whirling up an elk-horn club, he brought it full on the head of
+the wretched man, who cringed before him.  The murderer's head was burst
+open and he tumbled lifeless into the spring, that to this day is
+nauseous, while, to perpetuate the memory of Ausaqua, the manitou smote
+a neighboring rock, and from it gushed a fountain of delicious water.
+The bodies were found, and the partisans of both the hunters began on
+that day a long and destructive warfare, in which other tribes became
+involved until mountaineers were arrayed against plainsmen through all
+that region.
+
+
+
+
+                          BESIEGED BY STARVATION
+
+A hundred years before the white men set up their trading-posts on the
+Arkansas and Platte, a band of mountain hunters made a descent on what
+they took to be a small company of plainsmen, but who proved to be the
+enemy in force, and who, in turn, drove the Utes--for the aggressors
+were of that tribe--into the hills.  Most of them took refuge on a
+castellated rock on the south side of Bowlder Canon, where they held
+their own for several days, rolling down huge rocks whenever an attempt
+was made to storm the height; wherefore, seeing that the mountain was
+too secure a stronghold to be taken in that way, the besiegers camped
+about it, and, by cutting off the access of the beleaguered party to
+game and to water, starved every one of them to death.
+
+This, too, is the story of Starved Rock, on Illinois River, near Ottawa,
+Illinois.  It is a sandstone bluff, one hundred and fifty feet high,
+with a slope on one side only.  Its summit is an acre in extent, and at
+the order of La Salle his Indian lieutenant, Tonti, fortified the place
+and mounted a small cannon on it.  He died there afterward.  After the
+killing of Pontiac at Cahokia, some of his people--the Ottawas--charged
+the crime against their enemies, the Illinois.  The latter, being few in
+number, entrenched themselves on Starved Rock, where they kept their
+enemies at bay, but were unable to break their line to reach supplies.
+For a time they secured water by letting down bark vessels into the
+river at the end of thongs, but the Ottawas came under the bluff in
+canoes and cut the cords.  Unwilling to surrender, the Illinois remained
+there until all had died of starvation.  Bones and relics are found
+occasionally at the top.
+
+There is yet another place of which a similar narrative is extant--
+namely, Crow Butte, Nebraska, which is two hundred feet high and
+vertical on all sides save one, but on that a horseman may ascend in
+safety.  A company of Crows, flying from the Sioux, gained this citadel
+and defended the path so vigorously that their pursuers gave over all
+attempts to follow them, but squatted calmly on the plain and proceeded
+to starve them out.  On a dark night the besieged killed some of their
+ponies and made lariats of their hides, by which they reached the ground
+on the unguarded side of the rock.  They slid down, one at a time, and
+made off all but one aged Indian, who stayed to keep the camp-fire
+burning as a blind.  He went down and surrendered on the next day, but
+the Sioux, respecting his age and loyalty, gave him freedom.
+
+
+
+
+                          A YELLOWSTONE TRAGEDY
+
+Although the Indians feared the geyser basins of the upper Yellowstone
+country, believing the hissing and thundering to be voices of evil
+spirits, they regarded the mountains at the head of the river as the
+crest of the world, and whoso gained their summits could see the happy
+hunting-grounds below, brightened with the homes of the blessed.  They
+loved this land in which their fathers had hunted, and when they were
+driven back from the settlements the Crows took refuge in what is now
+Yellowstone Park.  Even here the soldiers pursued them, intent on
+avenging acts that the red men had committed while suffering under the
+sting of tyranny and wrong.  A mere remnant of the fugitive band
+gathered at the head of that mighty rift in the earth known as the Grand
+Canon of the Yellowstone--a remnant that had succeeded in escaping the
+bullets of the soldiery,--and with Spartan courage they resolved to die
+rather than be taken and carried away to pine in a distant prison.  They
+built a raft and placed it on the river at the foot of the upper fall,
+and for a few days they enjoyed the plenty and peace that were their
+privilege in former times.  A short-lived peace, however, for one
+morning they are aroused by the crack of rifles--the troops are upon
+them.
+
+Boarding their raft they thrust it toward the middle of the stream,
+perhaps with the idea of gaining the opposite shore, but, if such is
+their intent, it is thwarted by the rapidity of the current.  A few
+among them have guns, that they discharge with slight effect at the
+troops, who stand wondering on the shore.  The soldiers forbear to fire,
+and watch, with something like dread, the descent of the raft as it
+passes into the current, and, with many a turn and pitch, whirls on
+faster and faster.  The death-song rises triumphant above the lash of
+the waves and that distant but awful booming that is to be heard in the
+canon.  Every red man has his face turned toward the foe with a look of
+defiance, and the tones of the death-chant have in them something of
+mockery no less than hate and vaunting.
+
+The raft is now between the jaws of rock that yawn so hungrily.  Beyond
+and below are vast walls, shelving toward the floor of the gulf a
+thousand feet beneath--their brilliant colors shining in the sun of
+morning that sheds as peaceful a light on wood and hill as if there were
+no such thing as brother hunting brother in this free land of ours.  The
+raft is galloping through the foam like a racehorse, and, hardened as
+the soldiers are, they cannot repress a shudder as they see the fate
+that the savages have chosen for themselves.  Now the brink is reached.
+The raft tips toward the gulf, and with a cry of triumph the red men are
+launched over the cataract, into the bellowing chasm, where the mists
+weep forever on the rocks and mosses.
+
+
+
+
+                             THE BROAD HOUSE
+
+Down in the canon of Chaco, New Mexico, stands a building evidently
+coeval with those of the cliff dwellers, that is still in good
+preservation and is called the Broad House.  When Noqoilpi, the gambling
+god, came on earth he strayed into this canon, and, finding the Moquis a
+prosperous people, he envied them and resolved to win their property.
+To do that he laid off a race-track at the bottom of the ravine and
+challenged them to meet him there in games of chance and strength and
+skill.  They accepted his challenge, and, as he could turn luck to his
+own side, he soon won not their property alone, but their women and
+children, and, finally, some of the men themselves.
+
+In his greed he had acquired more than he wanted, and as the captives
+were a burden to him he offered to make a partial restoration if the
+people would build this house for him.  They did so and he gave up some
+of the men and women.  The other gods looked with disapproval on this
+performance, however, and they agreed to give the wind god power to
+defeat him, for, now that he had secured his house, he had gone to
+gambling again.  The wind god, in disguise as a Moqui, issued a
+challenge, and the animals agreed to help him.
+
+When the contest in tree-pulling took place the wind god pulled up a
+large tree while Noqoilpi was unable to stir a smaller one.  That was
+because the beavers had cut the roots of the larger.  In the ball
+contest Noqoilpi drove the ball nearly to the bounds, but the wind god
+sent his far beyond, for wrapped loosely in it was a bird that freed
+itself before touching the ground and flew away.  In brief, Noqoilpi was
+beaten at every point and the remaining captives left him, with jeers,
+and returned to their people.
+
+The gambler cursed and raged until the wind god seized him, fitted him
+to a bow, like an arrow, and shot him into the sky.  He flew far out of
+sight, and presently came to the long row of stone houses where the man
+lives who carries the moon.  He pitied the gambler and made new animals
+and people for him and let him down to the earth in old Mexico, the moon
+people becoming Mexicans.  He returned to his old haunts and came
+northward, building towns along the Rio Grande until he had passed the
+site of Santa Fe, when his people urged him to go back, and after his
+return they made him their god--Nakai Cigini.
+
+
+
+                             THE DEATH WALTZ
+
+Years ago, when all beyond the Missouri was a waste, the military post
+at Fort Union, New Mexico, was the only spot for miles around where any
+of the graces of social life could be discovered.  Among the ladies at
+the post was a certain gay young woman, the sister-in-law of a captain,
+who enjoyed the variety and spice of adventure to be found there, and
+enjoyed, too, the homage that the young officers paid to her, for women
+who could be loved or liked were not many in that wild country.  A young
+lieutenant proved especially susceptible to her charms, and devoted
+himself to her in the hope that he should ultimately win her hand.  His
+experience with the world was not large enough to enable him to
+distinguish between the womanly woman and the coquette.
+
+One day messengers came dashing into the fort with news of an Apache
+outbreak, and a detachment was ordered out to chase and punish the
+marauding Indians.  The lieutenant was put in command of the expedition,
+but before starting he confided his love to the young woman, who not
+only acknowledged that she returned his affection, but promised that if
+the fortune of war deprived him of life she would never marry another.
+As he bade her good-by he was heard to say, "That is well.  Nobody else
+shall have you.  I will come back and make my claim."
+
+In a few days the detachment came back, but the lieutenant was missing.
+It was noticed that the bride-elect grieved but little for him, and
+nobody was surprised when she announced her intention of marrying a
+young man from the East.  The wedding-day arrived.  All was gayety at
+the post, and in the evening the mess-room was decorated for a ball.  As
+the dance was in full swing a door flew open with a bang, letting in a
+draught of air that made the candles burn dim, and a strange cry, unlike
+that of any human creature, sounded through the house.  All eyes turned
+to the door.  In it stood the swollen body of a dead man dressed in the
+stained uniform of an officer.  The temple was marked by a hatchet-gash,
+the scalp was gone, the eyes were wide open and, burned with a terrible
+light.
+
+Walking to the bride the body drew her from the arms of her husband,
+who, like the rest of the company, stood as in a trance, without the
+power of motion, and clasping her to its bosom began a waltz.  The
+musicians, who afterward declared that they did not know what they were
+doing, struck up a demoniac dance, and the couple spun around and
+around, the woman growing paler and paler, until at last the fallen jaw
+and staring eyes showed that life was also extinct in her.  The dead man
+allowed her to sink to the floor, stood over her for a moment, wrung his
+hands as he sounded his fearful cry again, then vanished through the
+door.  A few days after, a troop of soldiers who had been to the scene
+of the Apache encounter returned with the body of the lieutenant.
+
+
+
+
+                          THE FLOOD AT SANTA FE
+
+Many are the scenes of religious miracles in this country, although
+French Canada and old Mexico boast of more.  So late as the prosaic year
+of 1889 the Virgin was seen to descend into the streets of Johnstown,
+Pennsylvania, to save herimage on the Catholic church in that place,
+when it was swept by a deluge in which hundreds of persons perished.  It
+was the wrath of the Madonna that caused just such a flood in New Mexico
+long years ago.  There is in the old Church of Our Lady of Guadalupe, in
+Santa Fe, a picture that commemorates the appearance of the Virgin to
+Juan Diego, an Indian in Guadalupe, old Mexico, in the sixteenth
+century.  She commanded that a chapel should be built for her, but the
+bishop of the diocese declared that the man had been dreaming and told
+him to go away.  The Virgin came to the Indian again, and still the
+bishop declared that he had no evidence of the truth of what he said.
+A third time the supernatural visitor appeared, and told Juan to climb
+a certain difficult mountain, pick the flowers he would find there,
+and take them to the bishop.
+
+After a long and dangerous climb they were found, to the Indian's
+amazement, growing in the snow.  He filled his blanket with them and
+returned to the episcopal residence, but when he opened the folds before
+the dignitary, he was more amazed to find not flowers, but a glowing
+picture painted on his blanket.  It hangs now in Guadalupe, but is
+duplicated in Santa Fe, where a statue of the Virgin is also kept.
+These treasures are greatly prized and are resorted to in time of
+illness and threatened disaster, the statue being taken through the
+streets in procession when the rainy season is due.  Collections of
+money are then made and prayers are put up for rain, to which appeals
+the Virgin makes prompt response, the priests pointing triumphantly to
+the results of their intercession.  One year, however, the rain did not
+begin on time, though services were almost constantly continued before
+the sacred picture and the sacred statue, and the angry people stripped
+the image of its silks and gold lace and kicked it over the ground for
+hours.  That night a violent rain set in and the town was nearly washed
+away, so the populace hastened the work of reparation in order to save
+their lives.  They cleansed the statue, dressed it still more
+brilliantly, and addressed their prayers to the Virgin with more energy
+and earnestness than ever before.
+
+
+
+
+                             GODDESS OF SALT
+
+Between Zuni and Pescado is a steep mesa, or table-land, with fantastic
+rocks weathered into tower and roof-like prominences on its sides, while
+near it is a high natural monument of stone.  Say the Zunis: The goddess
+of salt was so troubled by the people who lived near her domain on the
+sea-shore, and who took away her snowy treasures without offering any
+sacrifice in return, that she forsook the ocean and went to live in the
+mountains far away.  Whenever she stopped beside a pool to rest she made
+it salt, and she wandered so long about the great basins of the West
+that much of the water in them is bitter, and the yield of salt from the
+larger lake near Zuni brings into the Zuni treasury large tolls from
+other tribes that draw from it.
+
+Here she met the turquoise god, who fell in love with her at sight, and
+wooed so warmly that she accepted and married him.  For a time they
+lived happily, but when the people learned that the goddess had
+concealed herself among the mountains of New Mexico they followed her to
+that land and troubled her again until she declared that she would leave
+their view forever.  She entered this mesa, breaking her way through a
+high wall of sandstone as she did so.  The arched portal through which
+she passed is plainly visible.  As she went through, one of her plumes
+was broken off, and falling into the valley it tipped upon its stem and
+became the monument that is seen there.  The god of turquoise followed
+his wife, and his footsteps may be traced in outcrops of pale-blue
+stone.
+
+
+
+
+                        THE COMING OF THE NAVAJOS
+
+Many fantastic accounts of the origin of man are found among the red
+tribes.  The Onondagas say that the Indians are made from red earth and
+the white men from sea-foam.  Flesh-making clay is seen in the
+precipitous bank in the ravine west of Onondaga Valley, where at night
+the fairies "little fellows" sport and slide.  Among others, the Noah
+legend finds a parallel.  Several tribes claim to have emerged from the
+interior of the earth.  The Oneidas point to a hill near the falls of
+Oswego River, New York, as their birthplace; the Wichitas rose from the
+rocks about Red River; the Creeks from a knoll in the valley of Big
+Black River in the Natchez country, where dwelt the Master of Breath;
+the Aztecs were one of seven tribes that came out from the seven caverns
+of Aztlan, or Place of the Heron; and the Navajos believe that they
+emerged at a place known to them in the Navajo Mountains.
+
+In the under world the Navajos were happy, for they had everything that
+they could wish: there was no excess of heat or cold, trees and flowers
+grew everywhere, and the day was marked by a bright cloud that arose in
+the east, while a black cloud that came out of the west made the night.
+Here they lived for centuries, and might have been there to this day had
+not one of the tribe found an opening in the earth that led to some
+place unknown.  He told of it to the whole tribe.  They set off up the
+passage to see where it led, and after long and weary climbing the
+surface was reached.  Pleased with the novelty of their surroundings,
+they settled here, but on the fourth day after their arrival their queen
+disappeared.
+
+Their search for her was unavailing until some of the men came to the
+mouth of the tunnel by which they had reached the upper land, when,
+looking down, they saw their queen combing her long, black locks.  She
+told them that she was dead and that her people could go to her only
+after death, but that they would be happy in their old home.  With that
+the earth shut together and the place has never since been open to the
+eye of mortals.  Soon came the cannibal giants who ravaged the desert
+lands and destroyed all of the tribe but four families, these having
+found a refuge in a deep canon of the Navajo Mountains.  From their
+retreat they could see a beam of light shining from one of the hills
+above them, and on ascending to the place they found a beautiful girl
+babe.
+
+This child grew to womanhood under their care, and her charms attracted
+the great manitou that rides on a white horse and carries the sun for a
+shield.  He wooed and married her, and their children slew the giants
+that had destroyed the Navajos.  After a time the manitou carried his
+wife to his floating palace in the western water, which has since been
+her home.  To her the prayers of the people are addressed, and twelve
+immortals bear their petitions to her throne.
+
+
+
+
+                    THE ARK ON SUPERSTITION MOUNTAINS
+
+The Pima Indians of Arizona say that the father of all men and animals
+was the butterfly, Cherwit Make (earth-maker), who fluttered down from
+the clouds to the Blue Cliffs at the junction of the Verde and Salt
+Rivers, and from his own sweat made men.  As the people multiplied they
+grew selfish and quarrelsome, so that Cherwit Make was disgusted with
+his handiwork and resolved to drown them all.  But first he told them,
+in the voice of the north wind, to be honest and to live at peace.  The
+prophet Suha, who interpreted this voice, was called a fool for
+listening to the wind, but next night came the east wind and repeated
+the command, with an added threat that the ruler of heaven would destroy
+them all if they did not reform.
+
+Again they scoffed, and on the next night the west wind cautioned them.
+But this third warning was equally futile.  On the fourth night came the
+south wind.  It breathed into Suha's ear that he alone had been good and
+should be saved, and bade him make a hollow ball of spruce gum in which
+he might float while the deluge lasted.  Suha and his wife immediately
+set out to gather the gum, that they melted and shaped until they had
+made a large, rounded ark, which they ballasted with jars of nuts,
+acorn-meal and water, and meat of bear and venison.
+
+On the day assigned Suha and his wife were looking regretfully down into
+the green valleys from the ledge where the ark rested, listening to the
+song of the harvesters, and sighing to think that so much beauty would
+presently be laid waste, when a hand of fire was thrust from a cloud and
+it smote the Blue Cliffs with a thunder-clang.  It was the signal.
+Swift came the clouds from all directions, and down poured the rain.
+Withdrawing into their waxen ball, Suha and his wife closed the portal.
+Then for some days they were rolled and tossed on an ever-deepening sea.
+Their stores had almost given out when the ark stopped, and breaking a
+hole in its side its occupants stepped forth.
+
+There was a tuna cactus growing at their feet, and they ate of its red
+fruit greedily, but all around them was naught but water.  When night
+came on they retired to the ark and slept--a night, a month, a year,
+perhaps a century, for when they awoke the water was gone, the vales
+were filled with verdure, and bird-songs rang through the woods.  The
+delighted couple descended the Superstition Mountains, on which the ark
+had rested, and went into its valleys, where they lived for a thousand
+years, and became the parents of a great tribe.
+
+But the evil was not all gone.  There was one Hauk, a devil of the
+mountains, who stole their daughters and slew their sons.  One day,
+while the women were spinning flax and cactus fibre and the men were
+gathering maize, Hauk descended into the settlement and stole another of
+Suha's daughters.  The patriarch, whose patience had been taxed to its
+limit, then made a vow to slay the devil.  He watched to see by what way
+he entered the valley.  He silently followed him into the Superstition
+Mountains; he drugged the cactus wine that his daughter was to serve to
+him; then, when he had drunk it, Suha emerged from his place of hiding
+and beat out the brains of the stupefied fiend.
+
+Some of the devil's brains were scattered and became seed for other
+evil, but there was less wickedness in the world after Hauk had been
+disposed of than there had been before.  Suha taught his people to build
+adobe houses, to dig with shovels, to irrigate their land, to weave
+cloth, and avoid wars.  But on his death-bed he foretold to them that
+they would grow arrogant with wealth, covetous of the lands of others,
+and would wage wars for gain.  When that time came there would be
+another flood and not one should be saved--the bad should vanish and the
+good would leave the earth and live in the sun. So firmly do the Pimas
+rely on this prophecy that they will not cross Superstition Mountains,
+for there sits Cherwit Make--awaiting the culmination of their
+wickedness to let loose on the earth a mighty sea that lies dammed
+behind the range.
+
+
+
+
+                         THE PALE FACED LIGHTNING
+
+Twenty miles from the capital of Arizona stands Mount Superstition--the
+scene of many traditions, the object of many fears.  Two centuries ago
+a tribe of Pueblo dwarfs arrived near it and tilled the soil and tended
+their flocks about the settlements that grew along their line of march.
+They were little people, four feet high, but they were a thousand strong
+and clever. They were peaceful, like all intelligent people, and the
+mystery surrounding their incantations and sun-worship was more potent
+than a show of arms to frighten away those natural assassins, the
+Apaches.
+
+After they had lived near the mountain for five years the "little
+people" learned that the Zunis were advancing from the south and made
+preparations for defence.  Their sheep were concealed in obscure
+valleys; provisions, tools, and arms were carried up the mountain; piles
+of stone were placed along the edges of cliffs commanding the passes.
+This work was superintended by a woman with a white face, fair hair, and
+commanding form, who was held in reverence by the dwarfs; and she it
+was--the Helen of a New-World Troy--who was causing this trouble, for
+the Zunis claimed her on the ground that they had brought her from the
+waters of the rising sun, and that it was only to escape an honorable
+marriage with their chief that she had fled to the dwarfs.
+
+Be that as it might, the Zunis marched on, meeting with faint resistance
+until, on a bright afternoon, they massed on a slope of the mountain,
+seven hundred in number.  The Apaches, expecting instant defeat of the
+"little men," watched, from neighboring hills, the advance of the
+invaders as they climbed nimbly toward the stone fort on the top of the
+slope, brandishing clubs and stone spears, and bragging, as the fashion
+of a red man is--and sometimes of a white one.
+
+At a pool outside of the walls stood the pale woman, queenly and calm,
+and as her white robe and brown hair fluttered in the wind both her
+people and the foe looked upon her with admiration.  When but a hundred
+yards away the Zunis rushed toward her with outstretched arms, whereupon
+she stooped, picked up an earthen jar, emptied its contents into the
+pool, and ran back.  In a moment sparks and balls of fire leaped from
+crevices in the rocks, and as they touched the Indians many fell dead.
+Others plunged blindly over the cliffs and were dashed to pieces.
+
+In a few minutes the remainder of the force was in full retreat and not
+an arrow had been shot.  The Apaches, though stricken with terror at
+these pyrotechnics, overcame the memory of them sufficiently in a couple
+of years to attempt the sack of the fort on their own account, but the
+queen repelled them as she had forced back the Zunis, and with even
+greater slaughter.  From that time the dwarfs were never harmed again,
+but they went away, as suddenly as they had come, to a secret recess in
+the mountains, where the Pale Faced Lightning still rules them.
+
+Some of the Apaches maintain that her spirit haunts a cave on
+Superstition Mountain, where her body vanished in a blaze of fire, and
+this cave of the Spirit Mother is also pointed out on the south side of
+Salt River.  A skeleton and cotton robes, ornamented and of silky
+texture, were once found there.  It is said that electrical phenomena
+are frequent on the mountain, and that iron, copper, salt, and copperas
+lying near together may account for them.
+
+
+
+
+                     THE WEIRD SENTINEL AT SQUAW PEAK
+
+There is a cave under the highest butte of the Squaw Peak range,
+Arizona, where a party of Tonto Indians was found by white men in 1868.
+The white men were on the war-path, and when the Tontos fell into their
+hands they shot them unhesitatingly, firing into the dark recesses of
+the cavern, the fitful but fast-recurring flashes of their rifles
+illuminating the interior and exposing to view the objects of their
+hatred.
+
+The massacre over, the cries and groans were hushed, the hunters strode
+away, and over the mountains fell the calm that for thousands of years
+had not been so rudely broken.  That night, when the moon shone into
+this pit of death, a corpse arose, walked to a rock just within the
+entrance, and took there its everlasting seat.
+
+Long afterward a man who did not know its story entered this place, when
+he was confronted by a thing, as he called it, that glared so fearfully
+upon him that he fled in an ecstasy of terror.  Two prospectors
+subsequently attempted to explore the cave, but the entrance was barred
+by "the thing."  They gave one glance at the torn face, the bulging eyes
+turned sidewise at them, the yellow fangs, the long hair, the spreading
+claws, the livid, mouldy flesh, and rushed away.  A Western paper,
+recounting their adventure, said that one of the men declared that there
+was not money enough in Maricopa County to pay him to go there again,
+while the other had never stopped running--at least, he had not returned
+to his usual haunts since "the thing" looked at him.  Still, it is
+haunted country all about here.  The souls of the Mojaves roam upon
+Ghost Mountain, and the "bad men's hunting-grounds" of the Yumas and
+Navajos are over in the volcanic country of Sonora.  It is, therefore,
+no unusual thing to find signs and wonders in broad daylight.
+
+
+
+
+                         SACRIFICE OF THE TOLTECS
+
+Centuries ago, when Toltec civilization had extended over Arizona, and
+perhaps over the whole West, the valleys were occupied by large towns--
+the towns whose ruins are now known as the City of Ovens, City of
+Stones, and City of the Dead.  The people worked at trades and arts that
+had been practised by their ancestors before the pyramids were built in
+Egypt.  Montezuma had come to the throne of Mexico, and the Aztecs were
+a subject people; Europe had discovered America and forgotten it, and in
+America the arrival of Europeans was recalled only in traditions.  But,
+like other nations, the Toltecs became a prey to self-confidence, to
+luxury, to wastefulness, and to deadening superstitions.  Already the
+fierce tribes of the North were lurking on the confines of their country
+in a faith of speedy conquest, and at times it seemed as if the elements
+were against them.
+
+The villagers were returning from the fields, one day, when the entire
+region was smitten by an earthquake.  Houses trembled, rumblings were
+heard, people fell in trying to reach the streets, and reservoirs burst,
+wasting their contents on the fevered soil.  A sacrifice was offered.
+Then came a second shock, and another mortal was offered in oblation.
+As the earth still heaved and the earthquake demon muttered underground,
+the king gave his daughter to the priests, that his people might be
+spared, though he wrung his hands and beat his brow as he saw her led
+away and knew that in an hour her blood would stream from the altar.
+
+The girl walked firmly to the cave where the altar was erected--a cave
+in Superstition Mountains.  She knelt and closed her eyes as the
+officiating-priest uttered a prayer, and, gripping his knife of jade
+stone, plunged it into her heart.  She fell without a struggle.  And
+now, the end.
+
+Hardly had the innocent blood drained out and the fires been lighted to
+consume the body, when a pall of cloud came sweeping across the heavens;
+a hot wind surged over the ground, laden with dust and smoke; the storm-
+struck earth writhed anew beneath pelting thunder-bolts; no tremor this
+time, but an upheaval that rent the rocks and flung the cities down.  It
+was an hour of darkness and terror.  Roars of thunder mingled with the
+more awful bellowing beneath; crash on crash told that houses and
+temples were falling in vast ruin; the mountainsides were loosened and
+the rush of avalanches added to the din; the air was thick, and through
+the clouds the people groped their way toward the fields; rivers broke
+from their confines and laid waste farms and gardens!  The gods had
+indeed abandoned them, and the spirit of the king's daughter took its
+flight in company with thousands of souls in whose behalf she had
+suffered uselessly.
+
+The king was crushed beneath his palace-roof and the sacerdotal
+executioner perished in a fall of rock.  The survivors fled in panic and
+the Ishmaelite tribes on their frontier entered their kingdom and
+pillaged it of all abandoned wealth.  The cities never were rebuilt and
+were rediscovered but a few years ago, when the maiden's skeleton was
+also found.  Nor does any Indian cross Superstition Mountains without a
+sense of apprehension.
+
+
+
+
+                        TA-VWOTS CONQUERS THE SUN
+
+The Indian is a great story-teller.  Every tribe has its traditions, and
+the elderly men and women like to recount them, for they always find
+listeners.  And odd stories they tell, too.  Just listen to this, for
+example.  It is a legend among the tribes of Arizona.
+
+While Ta-Vwots, the hare god, was asleep in the valley of Maopa, the Sun
+mischievously burned his back, causing him to leap up with a howl.
+"Aha!  It's you, is it, who played this trick on me?"  he cried, looking
+at the Sun.  "I'll make it warm for you.  See if I don't."
+
+And without more ado he set off to fight the Sun.  On the way he stopped
+to pick and roast some corn, and when the people who had planted it ran
+out and tried to punish him for the theft he scratched a hole in the
+ground and ran in out of sight.  His pursuers shot arrows into the hole,
+but Ta-Vwots had his breath with him, and it was an awfully strong
+breath, for with it he turned all the arrows aside.  "The scamp is in
+here," said one of the party.  Let's get at him another way."  So,
+getting their flints and shovels, they began to dig.
+
+"That's your game, is it?"  mumbled Ta-Vwots.  "I know a way out of this
+that you don't know."  With a few puffs of his breath and a few kicks of
+his legs he reached a great fissure that led into the rock behind him,
+and along this passage he scrambled until he came to the edge of it in a
+niche, from which he could watch his enemies digging.  When they had
+made the hole quite large he shouted, "Be buried in the grave you have
+dug for yourselves!"  And, hurling down a magic ball that he carried, he
+caved the earth in on their heads.  Then he paced off, remarking, "To
+fight is as good fun as to eat.  Vengeance is my work.  Every one I meet
+will be an enemy.  No one shall escape my wrath."  And he sounded his
+war-whoop.
+
+Next day he saw two men heating rocks and chipping arrow-heads from
+them.  "Let me help you, for hot rocks will not hurt me," he said.
+
+"You would have us to believe you are a spirit, eh?"  they questioned,
+with a jeer.
+
+"No ghost," he answered, "but a better man than you.  Hold me on those
+rocks, and, if I do not burn, you must let me do the same to you."
+
+The men complied, and heating the stones to redness in the fire they
+placed him against them, but failed to see that by his magic breath he
+kept a current of air flowing between him and the hot surface.  Rising
+unhurt, he demanded that they also should submit to the torture, and,
+like true Indians, they did so.  When their flesh had been burned half
+through and they were dead, he sounded his warwhoop and went on.
+
+On the day following he met two women picking berries, and told them to
+blow the leaves and thorns into his eyes.  They did so, as they
+supposed, but with his magic breath he kept the stuff away from his
+face.
+
+"You are a ghost!"  the women exclaimed.
+
+"No ghost," said he.  "Just a common person.  Leaves and thorns can do
+no harm.  See, now."  And he puffed thorns into their faces and made
+them blind.  "Aha!  You are caught with your own chaff I am on my way to
+kill the Sun.  This is good practice."  And he slew them, sounded his
+war-whoop, and went on.
+
+The morning after this affair some women appeared on Hurricane Cliff and
+the wind brought their words to his ears.  They were planning to kill
+him by rolling rocks upon him as he passed.  As he drew near he
+pretended to eat something with such enjoyment that they asked him what
+it was.  He called out, "It is sweet.  Come to the edge and I will throw
+it up to you."  With that he tossed something so nearly within their
+reach that in bending forward to catch it they crowded too near the
+brink, lost their balance, fell over, and were killed.  "You are victims
+of your own greed.  One should never be so anxious as to kill one's
+self."  This was his only comment, and, sounding the warwhoop, he went
+on.
+
+A day later he came upon two women making water jugs of willow baskets
+lined with pitch, and he heard one whisper to the other, "Here comes
+that bad Ta-Vwots.  How shall we destroy him?"
+
+"What were you saying?"  asked the hare god.
+
+"We just said, 'Here comes our grandson.'" (A common form of
+endearment.)
+
+"Is that all?  Then let me get into one of these water jugs while you
+braid the neck."
+
+He jumped in and lay quite still as they wove the neck, and they laughed
+to think that it was braided so small that he could never escape, when--
+puff! the jug was shattered and there was Ta-Vwots.  They did not know
+anything about his magic breath.  They wondered how he got out.
+
+"Easily enough," replied the hare god.  "These things may hold water,
+but they can't hold men and women.  Try it, and see if they can."  With
+their consent, Ta-Vwots began weaving the osiers about them, and in a
+little while he had them caged.  "Now, come out," he said.  But, try as
+they might, not a withe could they break.  "Ha, ha!  You are wise women,
+aren't you?  Bottled in your own jugs!  I am on my way to kill the Sun.
+In time I shall learn how."  Then, sounding his war-whoop, he struck
+them dead with his magic ball and went on.
+
+He met the Bear next day, and found him digging a hole to hide in, for
+he had heard of the hare god and was afraid.  "Don't be frightened,
+friend Bear," said the rogue.  "I'm not the sort of fellow to hide from.
+How could a little chap like me hurt so many people?"  And he helped the
+Bear to dig his den, but when it was finished he hid behind a rock, and
+as the Bear thrust his head near him he launched his magic ball at his
+face and made an end of him.  "I was afraid of this warrior," said
+Ta-Vwots, "but he is dead, now, in his den."  And sounding his war-whoop
+he went on.
+
+It was on the day following that he met the Tarantula, a clever rascal,
+who had a club that would deal a fatal blow to others, but would not
+hurt himself.  He began to groan as Ta-Vwots drew near, and cried that
+he had a pain caused by an evil spirit in his head.  Wouldn't Ta-Vwots
+thump it out?  Indeed, he would.  He grasped the club and gave him the
+soundest kind of a thwacking, but when the Tarantula shouted "Harder,"
+he guessed that it was an enchanted weapon, and changing it for his
+magic ball he finished the Tarantula at a blow.  "That is a stroke of
+your own seeking," he remarked.  "I am on my way to kill the Sun.  Now I
+know that I can do it."  And sounding his war-whoop he went on.
+
+Next day he came to the edge of the world and looked off into space,
+where thousands of careless people had fallen, and there he passed the
+night under a tree.  At dawn he stood on the brink of the earth and the
+instant that the Sun appeared he flung the magic ball full in his face.
+The surface of the Sun was broken into a thousand pieces that spattered
+over the earth and kindled a mighty conflagration.  Ta-Vwots crept under
+the tree that had sheltered him, but that was of no avail against the
+increasing heat.  He tried to run away, but the fire burned off his
+toes, then his feet, then his legs, then his body, so that he ran on his
+hands, and when his hands were burned off he walked on the stumps of his
+arms.  At last his head alone remained, and that rolled over hill and
+valley until it struck a rock, when the eyes burst and the tears that
+gushed forth spread over the land, putting out the flames.  The Sun was
+conquered, and at his trial before the other gods was reprimanded for
+his mischievous pranks and condemned thereafter to travel across the sky
+every day by the same trail.
+
+
+
+
+                            THE COMANCHE RIDER
+
+The ways of disposing of the Indian dead are many.  In some places
+ground sepulture is common; in others, the corpses are placed in trees.
+South Americans mummified their dead, and cremation was not unknown.
+Enemies gave no thought to those that they had slain, after plucking off
+their scalps as trophies, though they sometimes added the indignity of
+mutilation in killing.
+
+Sachem's Head, near Guilford, Connecticut, is so named because Uncas cut
+a Pequot's head off and placed it in the crotch of an oak that grew
+there.  It remained withering for years.  It was to save the body of
+Polan from such a fate, after the fight on Sebago Lake in 1756, that his
+brothers placed it under the root of a sturdy young beech that they had
+pried out of the ground.  He was laid in the hollow in his war-dress,
+with silver cross on his breast and bow and arrows in his hand; then,
+the weight on the trunk being released, the sapling sprang back to its
+place and afterward rose to a commanding height, fitly marking the
+Indian's tomb.  Chief Blackbird, of the Omahas, was buried, in
+accordance with his wish, on the summit of a bluff near the upper
+Missouri, on the back of his favorite horse, fully equipped for travel,
+with the scalps that he had taken hung to the bridle.
+
+When a Comanche dies he is buried on the western side of the camp, that
+his soul may follow the setting sun into the spirit world the speedier.
+His bow, arrows, and valuables are interred with him, and his best pony
+is killed at the grave that he may appear among his fellows in the happy
+hunting grounds mounted and equipped.  An old Comanche who died near
+Fort Sill was without relatives and poor, so his tribe thought that any
+kind of a horse would do for him to range upon the fields of paradise.
+They killed a spavined old plug and left him.  Two weeks from that time
+the late unlamented galloped into a camp of the Wichitas on the back of
+a lop-eared, bob-tailed, sheep-necked, ring-boned horse, with ribs like
+a grate, and said he wanted his dinner.  Having secured a piece of meat,
+formally presented to him on the end of a lodge-pole, he offered himself
+to the view of his own people, alarming them by his glaring eyes and
+sunken cheeks, and told them that he had come back to haunt them for a
+stingy, inconsiderate lot, because the gate-keeper of heaven had refused
+to admit him on so ill-conditioned a mount.  The camp broke up in
+dismay.  Wichitas and Comanches journeyed, en masse, to Fort Sill for
+protection, and since then they have sacrificed the best horses in their
+possession when an unfriended one journeyed to the spirit world.
+
+Myths and Legends
+
+
+
+
+                          HORNED TOAD AND GIANTS
+
+The Moquis have a legend that, long ago, when the principal mesa that
+they occupy was higher than it is now, and when they owned all the
+country from the mountains to the great river, giants came out of the
+west and troubled them, going so far as to dine on Moquis.  It was hard
+to get away, for the monsters could see all over the country from the
+tops of the mesas.  The king of the tribe offered the handsomest woman
+in his country and a thousand horses to any man who would deliver his
+people from these giants.  This king was eaten like the rest, and the
+citizens declined to elect another, because they were beginning to lose
+faith in kings.  Still, there was one young brave whose single thought
+was how to defeat the giants and save his people.
+
+As he was walking down the mesa he saw a lizard, of the kind commonly
+known as a horned toad, lying under a rock in pain.  He rolled the stone
+away and was passing on, when a voice, that seemed to come out of the
+earth, but that really came from the toad, asked him if he wished to
+destroy the giants.  He desired nothing so much.  "Then take my horned
+crest for a helmet."
+
+Lolomi--that was the name of him--did as he was bid, and found that in a
+moment the crest had swelled and covered his head so thickly that no
+club could break through it.
+
+"Now take my breastplate," continued the toad.  And though it would not
+have covered the Indian's thumb-nail, when he put it on it so increased
+in bulk that it corseleted his body and no arrow could pierce it.
+
+"Now take the scales from my eyes," commanded the toad, and when he had
+done so Lolomi felt as light as a feather.
+
+"Go up and wait.  When you see a giant, go toward him, looking in his
+eyes, and he will walk backward.  Walk around him until he has his back
+to a precipice, then advance.  He will back away until he reaches the
+edge of the mesa, when he will fall off and be killed."
+
+Lolomi obeyed these instructions, for presently a giant loomed in the
+distance and came striding across the plains half a mile at a step.  As
+he drew near he flung a spear, but it glanced from the Indian's armor
+like hail from a rock.  Then an arrow followed, and was turned.  At this
+the giant lost courage, for he fancied that Lolomi was a spirit.
+Fearing a blow if he turned, he kept his face toward Lolomi, who
+manoeuvred so skilfully that when he had the giant's back to the edge of
+a cliff he sprang at him, and the giant, with a yell of alarm, fell and
+broke his bones on the rocks below.  So Lolomi killed many giants,
+because they all walked back before him, and after they had fallen the
+people heaped rocks on their bodies.  To this day the place is known as
+"the giants' fall."  Then the tribe made Lolomi king and gave him the
+most beautiful damsel for a wife.  As he was the best king they ever
+had, they treasured his memory after he was dead, and used his name as a
+term of greeting, so that "Lolomi" is a word of welcome, and will be
+until the giants come again.
+
+
+
+
+                             THE SPIDER TOWER
+
+In Dead Man's Canon--a deep gorge that is lateral to the once populated
+valley of the Rio de Chelly, Arizona--stands a stark spire of weathered
+sandstone, its top rising eight hundred feet above its base in a sheer
+uplift.  Centuries ago an inhabitant of one of the cave villages was
+surprised by hostiles while hunting in this region, and was chased by
+them into this canon.  As he ran he looked vainly from side to side in
+the hope of securing a hiding-place, but succor came from a source that
+was least expected, for on approaching this enormous obelisk, with
+strength well-nigh exhausted, he saw a silken cord hanging from a notch
+at its top.  Hastily knotting the end about his waist, that it might not
+fall within reach of his pursuers, he climbed up, setting his feet into
+roughnesses of the stone, and advancing, hand over hand, until he had
+reached the summit, where he stayed, drinking dew and feeding on eagles'
+eggs, until his enemies went away, for they could not reach him with
+their arrows, defended as he was by points of rock.  The foemen having
+gone, he safely descended by the cord and reached his home.  This help
+had come from a friendly spider who saw his plight from her perch at the
+top of the spire, and, weaving a web of extra thickness, she made one
+end fast to a jag of rock while the other fell within his grasp--for
+she, like all other of the brute tribe, liked the gentle cave-dwellers
+better than the remorseless hunters.  Hence the name of the Spider
+Tower.
+
+
+
+
+                              THE LOST TRAIL
+
+The canon of Oak Creek is choked by a mass of rock, shaped like a
+keystone, and wedged into the jaws of the defile.  An elderly Ute tells
+this story of it.  Acantow, one of the chiefs of his tribe, usually
+placed his lodge beside the spring that bubbled from a thicket of wild
+roses in the place where Rosita, Colorado, stands to-day.  He left his
+wife--Manetabee (Rosebud)--in the lodge while he went across the
+mountains to attend a council, and was gone four sleeps.  On his return
+he found neither wife nor lodge, but footprints and hoofprints in the
+ground showed to his keen eye that it was the Arapahoes who had been
+there.
+
+Getting on their trail he rode over it furiously, and at night had
+reached Oak Canon, along which he travelled until he saw the gleam of a
+small fire ahead.  A squall was coming up, and the noise of it might
+have enabled him to gallop fairly into the group that he saw huddled
+about the glow; but it is not in the nature of an Indian to do that,
+and, tying his horse, he crawled forward.
+
+There were fifteen of the Arapahoes, and they were gambling to decide
+the ownership of Manetabee, who sat bound beneath a willow near them.
+So engrossed were the savages in the contest that the snake-like
+approach of Acantow was unnoticed until he had cut the thongs that bound
+Manetabee's wrists and ankles--she did not cry out, for she had expected
+rescue--and both had imperceptibly slid away from them.  Then, with a
+yell, one of the gamblers pointed to the receding forms, and straightway
+the fifteen made an onset.
+
+Swinging his wife lightly to his shoulders Acantow set off at a run and
+he had almost reached his horse when his foot caught in a root and he
+fell headlong.  The pursuers were almost upon him when the storm burst
+in fury.  A flood of fire rushed from the clouds and struck the earth
+with an appalling roar.  Trees were snapped, rocks were splintered, and
+a whirlwind passed.  Acantow was nearly insensible for a time--then he
+felt the touch of the Rosebud's hand on his cheek, and together they
+arose and looked about them.  A huge block of riven granite lay in the
+canon, dripping blood.  Their enemies were not to be seen.
+
+"The trail is gone," said Acantow.  "Manitou has broken it, that the
+Arapahoes may never cross it more.  He would not allow them to take you.
+Let us thank the Manitou."  So they went back to where the spring burst
+amid the rose-bushes.
+
+
+
+
+                           A BATTLE IN THE AIR
+
+In the country about Tishomingo, Indian Territory, troubles are foretold
+by a battle of unseen men in the air.  Whenever the sound of conflict is
+heard it is an indication that many dead will lie in the fields, for it
+heralds battle, starvation, or pestilence.  The powerful nation that
+lived here once was completely annihilated by an opposing tribe, and in
+the valley in the western part of the Territory there are mounds where
+hundreds of men lie buried.  Spirits occupy the valley, and to the eyes
+of the red men they are still seen, at times, continuing the fight.
+
+In May, 1892, the last demonstration was made in the hearing of John
+Willis, a United States marshal, who was hunting horse-thieves.  He was
+belated one night and entered the vale of mounds, for he had no scruples
+against sleeping there.  He had not, in fact, ever heard that the region
+was haunted.  The snorting of his horse in the middle of the night awoke
+him and he sprang to his feet, thinking that savages, outlaws, or, at
+least, coyotes had disturbed the animal.  Although there was a good
+moon, he could see nothing moving on the plain.  Yet the sounds that
+filled the air were like the noise of an army, only a trifle subdued, as
+if they were borne on the passing of a wind.  The rush of hoofs and of
+feet, the striking of blows, the fall of bodies could be heard, and for
+nearly an hour these fell rumors went across the earth.  At last the
+horse became so frantic that Willis saddled him and rode away, and as he
+reached the edge of the valley the sounds were heard going into the
+distance.  Not until he reached a settlement did he learn of the spell
+that rested on the place.
+
+
+
+
+
+*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK MYTHS-LEGENDS, BY SKINNER, V7 ***
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