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+The Project Gutenberg EBook Myths And Legends Of Our Own Land, v6
+#6 in our series by Charles M. Skinner
+
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+Title: Myths And Legends Of Our Own Land (Central States and Great Lakes)
+
+Author: Charles M. Skinner
+
+Release Date: October, 2004  [EBook #6611]
+[Yes, we are more than one year ahead of schedule]
+[This file was first posted on December 31, 2003]
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+Edition: 10
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+Language: English
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+*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK MYTHS-LEGENDS, BY SKINNER, V6 ***
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+This eBook was produced by David Widger <widger@cecomet.net>
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+
+                           MYTHS AND LEGENDS
+                                   OF
+                              OUR OWN LAND
+
+                                   By
+                           Charles M. Skinner
+
+                                Vol. 6.
+
+
+                   THE CENTRAL STATES AND GREAT LAKES
+
+
+
+
+CONTENTS:
+
+An Averted Peril
+The Obstinacy of Saint Clair
+The Hundredth Skull
+The Crime of Black Swamp
+The House Accursed
+Marquette's Man-Eater
+Michel de Coucy's Troubles
+Wallen's Ridge
+The Sky Walker of Huron
+The Coffin of Snakes
+Mackinack
+Lake Superior Water Gods
+The Witch of Pictured Rocks
+The Origin of White Fish
+The Spirit of Cloudy
+The Sun Fire at Sault Sainte Marie
+The Snake God of Belle Isle
+Were-Wolves of Detroit
+The Escape of Francois Navarre
+The Old Lodger
+The Nain Rouge
+Two Revenges
+Hiawatha
+The Indian Messiah
+The Vision of Rescue
+Devil's Lake
+The Keusca Elopement
+Pipestone
+The Virgins' Feast
+Falls of St. Anthony
+Flying Shadow and Track Maker
+Saved by a Lightning-Stroke
+The Killing of Cloudy Sky
+Providence Hole
+The Scare Cure
+Twelfth Night at Cahokia
+The Spell of Creve Coeur Lake
+How the Crime was Revealed
+Banshee of the Bad Lands
+Standing Rock
+The Salt Witch
+
+
+
+
+
+                  THE CENRAL STATES AND THE GREAT LAKES
+
+
+                             AN AVERTED PERIL
+
+In 1786 a little building stood at North Bend, Ohio, near the junction
+of the Miami and Ohio Rivers, from which building the stars and stripes
+were flying.  It was one of a series of blockhouses built for the
+protecting of cleared land while the settlers were coming in, yet it was
+a trading station rather than a fort, for the attitude of government
+toward the red men was pacific.  The French of the Mississippi Valley
+were not reconciled, however, to the extension of power by a Saxon
+people, and the English in Canada were equally jealous of the prosperity
+of those provinces they had so lately lost.  Both French and English had
+emissaries among the Shawnees when it had become known that the United
+States intended to negotiate a treaty with them.
+
+It was the mild weather that comes for a time in October, when
+Cantantowit blesses the land from his home in the southwest with rich
+colors, plaintive perfumes of decay, soft airs, and tender lights a time
+for peace; but the garrison at the fort realized that the situation was
+precarious.  The Shawnees had camped about them, and the air was filled
+with the neighing of their ponies and the barking of their dogs.  To let
+them into the fort was to invite massacre; to keep them out after they
+had been summoned was to declare war.
+
+Colonel George Rogers Clarke, of Virginia, who was in command, scoffed
+at the fears of his men, and would not give ear to their appeals for an
+adjournment of the meeting or a change of the place of it.  At the
+appointed hour the doors were opened and the Indians came in.  The pipe
+of peace was smoked in the usual form, but the red men were sullen and
+insolent, and seemed to be seeking a cause of quarrel.  Clarke explained
+that the whites desired only peace, and he asked the wise men to speak
+for their tribe.  A stalwart chief arose, glanced contemptuously at the
+officer and his little guard, and, striding to the table where Clarke
+was seated, threw upon it two girdles of wampum--the peace-belt and the
+war-belt.  "We offer you these belts," he said.  "You know what they
+mean.  Take which you like."
+
+It was a deliberate insult and defiance.  Both sides knew it, and many
+of the men held their breath.  Clarke carelessly picked up the war-belt
+on the point of his cane and flung it among the assembled chiefs.  Every
+man in the room sprang to his feet and clutched his weapon.  Then, with
+a sternness that was almost ferocious, Clarke pointed to the door with
+an imperative action, and cried, "Dogs, you may go!"
+
+The Indians were foiled in their ill intent by his self-possession and
+seeming confidence, which made them believe that he had forces in the
+vicinity that they were not prepared to meet.  They had already had a
+bitter experience of his strength and craft, and in the fear that a trap
+had been set for them they fled tumultuously.  The treaty was ratified
+soon after.
+
+
+
+
+                       THE OBSTINACY OF SAINT CLAIR
+
+When the new First Regiment of United States Infantry paused at
+Marietta, Ohio, on its way to garrison Vincennes, its officers made a
+gay little court there for a time.  The young Major Hamtramck--
+contemptuously called by the Indians "the frog on horseback," because of
+his round shoulders--found especial pleasure in the society of Marianne
+Navarre, who was a guest at the house of General Arthur St. Clair; but
+the old general viewed this predilection with disfavor, because he had
+hoped that his own daughter would make a match with the major.  But
+Louisa longed for the freedom of the woods.  She was a horsewoman and a
+hunter, and she had a sentimental fondness for Indians.
+
+When Joseph Brandt (Thayendanegea) camped with his dreaded band near the
+town, it was she who--without her father's knowledge, and in the
+disguise of an Indian girl--took the message that had been entrusted to
+a soldier asking the tribe to send delegates to a peace council at the
+fort.  Louisa and Brandt had met in Philadelphia some years before, when
+both were students in that city, and he was rejoiced to meet her again,
+for he had made no secret of his liking for her, and in view of the
+bravery she had shown in thus riding into a hostile camp his fondness
+increased to admiration.  After she had delivered the message she said,
+"Noble warrior, I have risked my life to obtain this interview.  You
+must send some one back with me."  Brandt replied, "It is fitting that I
+alone should guard so courageous a maiden," and he rode with her through
+the lines, under the eyes of a wondering and frowning people, straight
+to the general's door.  Soon after, Brandt made a formal demand for the
+hand of this dashing maid, but the stubborn general refused to consider
+it.  He was determined that she ought to love Major Hamtramck, and he
+told her so in tones so loud that they reached the ears of Marianne, as
+she sat reading in her room.  Stung by this disclosure of the general's
+wishes, and doubting whether the major had been true to her--fearful,
+too, that she might be regarded as an interloper--she made a pretext to
+return as quickly as possible to her home in Detroit, and left no adieus
+for her lover.
+
+It was not long after that war broke out between the settlers and the
+Indians, for Brandt now had a personal as well as a race grudge to
+gratify, though when he defeated St. Clair he spared his life in the
+hope that the general would reward his generosity by resigning to him
+his daughter.  At all events, he resolved that the "frog on horseback,"
+whom he conceived to be his rival, should not win her.  The poor major,
+who cared nothing for Louisa, and who was unable to account for the
+flight of Marianne, mourned her absence until it was rumored that she
+had been married, when, as much in spite as in love, he took to himself
+a mate.  After he had been for some time a widower he met Marianne
+again, and learned that she was still a maiden.  He renewed his court
+with ardor, but the woman's love for him had died when she learned of
+his marriage.  Affecting to make light of this second disappointment, he
+said, "Since I cannot be united to you in life, I shall be near you in
+death."
+
+"A soldier cannot choose where he shall die," she answered.
+
+"No matter.  I shall sleep in the shadow of your tomb."
+
+As it fell out they were indeed buried near each other in Detroit.
+Thus, the stupidity and obstinacy of General St. Clair, in supposing
+that he could make young folks love to order, thwarted the happiness of
+four people and precipitated a war.
+
+
+
+
+                           THE HUNDREDTH SKULL
+
+In the early part of this century Bill Quick, trapper and frontiersman,
+lived in a cabin on the upper Scioto, not far from the present town of
+Kenton, Ohio.  One evening when he returned from the hunt he found his
+home rifled of its contents and his aged father weltering in his blood
+on the floor.  He then and there took oath that he would be revenged a
+hundredfold.  His mission was undertaken at once, and for many a year
+thereafter the Indians of the region had cause to dread the doom that
+came to them from brake and wood and fen,--now death by knife that
+flashed at them from behind a tree, and the next instant whirled through
+the air and was buried to the hilt in a red man's heart; now, by bullet
+as they rowed across the rivers; now, by axe that clove their skulls as
+they lay asleep.
+
+Bill Quick worked secretly, and, unlike other men of the place and time,
+he did not take his trophies Indian-fashion.  The scalp was not enough.
+He took the head.  And presently a row of grinning skulls was ranged
+upon his shelves.  Ninety-nine of these ghastly prizes occupied his
+cabin, and the man was confident that he should accomplish his intent.
+But the Indians, in terror, were falling away toward the lakes; they
+were keeping better guard; and ere the hundredth man had fallen before
+his rifle he was seized with fatal illness.  Calling to him his son,
+Tom, he pointed to the skulls, and charged him to fulfil the oath he had
+taken by adding to the list a hundredth skull.  Should he fail in this
+the murdered ancestor and he himself would come back to haunt the
+laggard.  Tom accepted the trust, but everything seemed to work against
+him.  He never was much of a hunter nor a very true shot, and he had no
+liking for war; besides, the Indians had left the country, as he
+fancied.  So he grumbled at the uncongenial task appointed for him and
+kept deferring it from week to week and from year to year.  When his
+conscience pricked him he allayed the smart with drink, and his
+conscience seemed to grow more active as he grew older.
+
+On returning to the cabin after a carouse he declared that he had heard
+voices, that the skulls gibbered and cracked their teeth together as if
+mocking his weakness, and that a phosphorescent glare shone through the
+sockets of their eyes.  In his cups he prattled his secret, and soon the
+whole country knew that he was under oath to kill a red-skin-and the
+country laughed at him.  On a certain day it was reported that a band of
+Indians had been seen in the neighborhood, and what with drink and the
+taunts of his friends, he was impelled to take his rifle and set out
+once more on the war-path.  A settler heard a shot fired not long after.
+Next day a neighbor passing Tom Quick's cabin tapped at the door, and,
+receiving no answer, pushed it open and entered.  The hundredth skull
+was there, on the shelves, a bullet-hole in the forehead, and the scalp
+gone.  The head was Quick's.
+
+
+
+
+                         THE CRIME OF BLACK SWAMP
+
+Two miles south of Munger, Ohio, in the heart of what used to be called
+the Black Swamp, stood the Woodbury House, a roomy mansion long gone to
+decay.  John Cleves, the last to live in it, was a man whose evil
+practices got him into the penitentiary, but people had never associated
+him with the queer sights and sounds in the lower chambers, nor with the
+fact that a man named Syms, who had gone to that house in 1842, had
+never been known to leave it.  Ten years after Syms's disappearance it
+happened that Major Ward and his friend John Stow had occasion to take
+shelter there for the night--it being then deserted,--and, starting a
+blaze in the parlor fireplace, they lit their pipes and talked till
+late.  Stow would have preferred a happier topic, but the major, who
+feared neither man nor devil, constantly turned the talk on the evil
+reputation of the house.
+
+While they chatted a door opened with a creak and a human skeleton
+appeared before them.
+
+"What do you want?  Speak!"  cried Ward.  But waiting for no answer he
+drew his pistols and fired two shots at the grisly object.  There was a
+rattling sound, but the skeleton was neither dislocated nor
+disconcerted.  Advancing deliberately, with upraised arm, it said, in a
+husky voice, "I, that am dead, yet live in a sense that mortals do not
+know.  In my earthly life I was James Syms, who was robbed and killed
+here in my sleep by John Cleves."  With bony finger it pointed to a
+rugged gap in its left temple.  "Cleves cut off my head and buried it
+under the hearth.  My body he cast into his well."  At these words the
+head disappeared and the voice was heard beneath the floor, "Take up my
+skull."  The watchers obeyed the call, and after digging a minute
+beneath the hearth a fleshless head with a wound on the left temple came
+to view.  Ward took it into his hands, but in a twinkling it left them
+and reappeared on the shoulders of the skeleton.
+
+"I have long wanted to tell my fate," it resumed, "but could not until
+one should be found brave enough to speak to me.  I have appeared to
+many, but you are the first who has commanded me to break my long
+silence.  Give my bones a decent burial.  Write to my relative, Gilmore
+Syms, of Columbus, Georgia, and tell him what I have revealed.  I have
+found peace."  With a grateful gesture it extended its hand to Ward,
+who, as he took it, shook like one with an ague, his wrist locked in its
+bony clasp.  As it released him it raised its hand impressively.  A
+bluish light burned at the doorway for an instant.  The two men found
+themselves alone.
+
+
+
+
+                            THE HOUSE ACCURSED
+
+Near Gallipolis, Ohio, there stood within a few years an old house of
+four rooms that had been occupied by Herman Deluse.  He lived there
+alone, and, though his farming was of the crudest sort, he never
+appeared to lack for anything.  The people had an idea that the place
+was under ban, and it was more than suspected that its occupant had been
+a pirate.  In fact, he called his place the Isle of Pines, after a
+buccaneers' rendezvous in the West Indies, and made no attempt to
+conceal the strange plunder and curious weapons that he had brought home
+with him, but of money he never appeared to have much at once.  When it
+came his time to die he ended his life alone, so far as any knew--
+at least, his body was found in his bed, without trace of violence or
+disorder.  It was buried and the public administrator took charge of the
+estate, locking up the house until possible relatives should come to
+claim it, and the rustic jury found that Deluse "came to his death by
+visitation of God."
+
+It was but a few nights after this that the Rev. Henry Galbraith
+returned from a visit of a month to Cincinnati and reached his home
+after a night of boisterous storm.  The snow was so deep and the roads
+so blocked with windfalls that he put up his horse in Gallipolis and
+started for his house on foot.
+
+"But where did you pass the night?"  inquired his wife, after the
+greetings were over.  "With old Deluse in the Isle of Pines," he
+answered.  "I saw a light moving about the house, and rapped.  No one
+came; so, as I was freezing, I forced open the door, built a fire, and
+lay down in my coat before it.  Old Deluse came in presently and I
+apologized, but he paid no attention to me.  He seemed to be walking in
+his sleep and to be searching for something.  All night long I could
+hear his footsteps about the house, in pauses of the storm."
+
+The clergyman's wife and son looked at each other, and a friend who was
+present--a lawyer, named Maren--remarked, "You did not know that Deluse
+was dead and buried?"  The clergyman was speechless with amazement.
+"You have been dreaming," said the lawyer.  "Still, if you like, we will
+go there to-night and investigate."
+
+The clergyman, his son, and the lawyer went to the house about nine
+o'clock, and as they approached it a noise of fighting came from within
+--blows, the clink of steel, groans, and curses.  Lights appeared, first
+at one window, then at another.  The men rushed forward, burst in the
+door, and were inside--in darkness and silence.  They had brought
+candles and lighted them, but the light revealed nothing.  Dust lay
+thick on the floor except in the room where the clergyman had passed the
+previous night, and the door that he had then opened stood ajar, but the
+snow outside was drifted and unbroken by footsteps.  Then came the sound
+of a fall that shook the building.  At the same moment it was noticed by
+the other two men that young Galbraith was absent.  They hurried into
+the room whence the noise had come.  A board was wrenched from the wall
+there, disclosing a hollow that had been used for a hiding-place, and on
+the floor lay young Galbraith with a sack of Spanish coins in his hand.
+His father stooped to pick him up, but staggered back in horror, for the
+young man's life had gone.  A post-mortem examination revealed no cause
+of death, and a rustic jury again laid it to a "visitation of God."
+
+
+
+                          MARQUETTE'S MAN-EATER
+
+Until it was worn away by the elements a curious relief was visible on
+the bluffs of the Mississippi near Alton, Illinois.  It was to be seen
+as late as 1860, and represented a monster once famous as the "piasa
+bird."  Father Marquette not only believed it but described it as a man-
+eater in the account of his explorations, where he mentions other
+zoological curiosities, such as unicorns with shaggy mane and land-
+turtles three feet long with two heads, "very mischievous and addicted
+to biting."  He even showed a picture of the maneater that accorded
+rudely with the picture on the rocks.  It was said to prey on human
+flesh, and to be held in fear by the Indians, who encountered it on and
+near the Mississippi.  It had the body of a panther, wings like a bat,
+and head and horns of a deer.  Father Marquette gave it a human face.
+The sculpture was undoubtedly made by Indians, but its resemblance to
+the winged bulls of Assyria and the sphinxes of Egypt has been quoted as
+confirmation of a prehistoric alliance of Old and New World races or the
+descent of one from the other.  It has also been thought to stand for
+the totem of some great chief-symbolizing, by its body, strength; by its
+wings, speed; by its head, gentleness and beauty.  But may not the
+tradition of it have descended from the discovery of comparatively late
+remains, by primitive man, of the winged saurians that crawled, swam,
+dived, or flew, lingering on till the later geologic period?  The legend
+of the man-eater may even have been told by those who killed the last of
+the pterodactyls.
+
+
+
+
+                        MICHEL DE COUCY'S TROUBLES
+
+Michel De Coucy, of Prairie de Rocher, Illinois, sat before his door
+humming thoughtfully, and trying to pull comfort out of a black pipe..
+He was in debt, and he did not like the sensation.  As hunter, boatman,
+fiddler he had done well enough, but having rashly ventured into trade
+he had lost money, and being unable to meet a note had applied to Pedro
+Garcia for a loan at usurious interest.  Garcia was a black-whiskered
+Spaniard who was known to have been a gambler in New Orleans, and as
+Michel was in arrears in his payments he was now threatening suit.
+Presently the hunter jumped up with a glad laugh, for two horsemen were
+approaching his place--the superior of the Jesuit convent at Notre Dame
+de Kaskaskia and the governor of the French settlements in Illinois, of
+whom he had asked advice, and who had come from Fort Chartres, on the
+Mississippi, to give it in person.  It was good advice, too, for the
+effect of it was that there was no law of that time--1750--by which a
+Spaniard could sue a Frenchman on French territory.  Moreover, the bond
+was invalid because it was drawn up in Spanish, and Garcia could produce
+no witness to verify the cross at the bottom of the document as of
+Michel's making.
+
+Great was the wrath of the Spaniard when Michel told him this, nor was
+it lessened when the hunter bade him have no fear--that he might be
+obliged to repudiate part of the interest, but that every livre of the
+principal would be forthcoming, if only a little time were allowed.  The
+money lender walked away with clenched fists, muttering to himself, and
+Michel lit his pipe again.
+
+At supper-time little Genevieve, the twelve-yearold daughter of Michel,
+did not appear.  The table was kept waiting for an hour.  Michel sat
+down but could not eat, and, after scolding awhile in a half-hearted
+fashion, he went to the clearing down the road, where the child had been
+playing.  A placard was seen upon a tree beside the way, and he called a
+passing neighbor to read to him these words: "Meshell Coosy.  French
+rascal.  Pay me my money and you have your daughter.  Pedro Garcia."
+
+Accustomed as he was to perils, and quick as he generally was in
+expedient, Michel was overwhelmed by this stroke.  The villagers offered
+to arm themselves and rescue the child, but he would not consent to
+this, for he was afraid that Garcia might kill her, if he knew that
+force was to be set against him.  In a day or two Michel was told to go
+to Fort Chartres, as favorable news awaited him.  He rode with all speed
+to that post, went to the official quarters, where the governor was
+sitting, and as he entered he became almost insane with rage, for Garcia
+stood before him.  Nothing but the presence of others saved the
+Spaniard's life, and it was some time before Michel could be made to
+understand that Garcia was there under promise of safe conduct, and that
+the representatives of King Louis were in honor bound to see that he was
+not injured.  The points at issue between the two men were reviewed, and
+the governor gave it as his decision that Michel must pay his debt
+without interest, that being forfeit by the Spaniard's abduction of
+Genevieve, and that the Spaniard was to restore the girl, both parties
+in the case being remanded to prison until they had obeyed this
+judgment.
+
+"But I have your promise of safe conduct!"  cried the Spaniard, blazing
+with wrath.
+
+"And you shall have it when the girl returns," replied the governor.
+"You shall be protected in going and coming, but there is no reference
+in the paper that you hold as to how long we may wish to keep you with
+us."
+
+Both men were marched away forthwith, but Michel was released in an
+hour, for in that time the people had subscribed enough to pay his debt.
+The Spaniard sent a messenger to a renegade who had little Genevieve in
+keeping, and next day he too went free, swearing horribly, but glad to
+accept the service of an armed escort until he was well out of town.
+Michel embraced his child with ardor when once she was in his arms
+again; then he lighted his pipe and set out with her for home, convinced
+that French law was the best in the world, that Spaniards were not to be
+trusted, and that it is safer to keep one's earnings under the floor
+than to venture them in trade.
+
+
+
+
+                              WALLEN'S RIDGE
+
+A century ago this rough eminence, a dozen miles from Chattanooga,
+Tennessee, was an abiding place of Cherokee Indians, among whom was
+Arinook, their medicine-man, and his daughter.  The girl was pure and
+fair, and when a white hunter saw her one day at the door of her
+father's wigwam he was so struck with her charm of person and her
+engaging manner that he resolved not to return to his people until he
+had won her for his wife.  She had many lovers, though she favored none
+of them, and while the Cherokees were at first loth to admit a stranger
+to their homes they forgot their jealousy when they found that this one
+excelled as a hunter and fisherman, that he could throw the knife and
+tomahawk better than themselves, and that he was apt in their work and
+their sports.
+
+They even submitted to the inevitable with half a grace when they found
+that the stranger and the girl of whom they were so fond were in love.
+With an obduracy that seems to be characteristic of fathers, the
+medicine-man refused his consent to the union, and the hearts of the
+twain were heavy.  Though the white man pleaded with her to desert her
+tribe, she refused to do so, on the score of duty to her father, and the
+couple forlornly roamed about the hill, watching the sunset from its top
+and passing the bright summer evenings alone, sitting hand in hand,
+loving, sorrowing, and speaking not.  In one of their long rambles they
+found themselves beside the Tennessee River at a point where the current
+swirls among rocks and sucks down things that float, discharging them at
+the surface in still water, down the stream.  Here for a time they
+stood, when the girl, with a gush of tears, began to sing--it was her
+death-song.  The white man grasped her hand and joined his voice to
+hers.  Then they took a last embrace and flung themselves into the
+water, still hand in hand.
+
+When the river is low you may hear their death-song sounding there.  The
+manitous of the river and the wood were offended with the medicine-man
+because of his stubbornness and cruelty, although he suffered greatly
+because of the death his daughter died, and he the cause of it.  For now
+strange Indians appeared among the Cherokees and drove the deer and bear
+away.  Tall, strong, and large were these intruders, and they hung about
+the village by day and night--never speaking, yet casting a fear about
+them, for they would throw great rocks farther than a warrior could
+shoot an arrow with the wind behind him; they had horns springing from
+their heads; their eyes were the eyes of wild-cats, and shone in the
+dark; they growled like animals, shaking the earth when they did so, and
+breathing flame; they were at the bedside, at the council-fire, at the
+banquet, seeming only to wait for a show of enmity to annihilate the
+tribe.
+
+At length the people could endure their company no longer, and taking
+down their lodges they left Wallen's Ridge and wandered far away until
+they came to a valley where no foot had left its impress, and there they
+besought the Great Spirit to forgive the wrong their medicine-man had
+done, and to free them from the terrible spirits that had been living
+among them.  The prayer was granted, and the lodges stood for many years
+in a safe and happy valley.
+
+
+
+
+                         THE SKY WALKER OF HURON
+
+Here is the myth of Endymion and Diana, as told on the shores of Saginaw
+Bay, in Michigan, by Indians who never heard of Greeks.  Cloud Catcher,
+a handsome youth of the Ojibways, offended his family by refusing to
+fast during the ceremony of his coming of age, and was put out of the
+paternal wigwam.  It was so fine a night that the sky served him as well
+as a roof, and he had a boy's confidence in his ability to make a
+living, and something of fame and fortune, maybe.  He dropped upon a
+tuft of moss to plan for his future, and drowsily noted the rising of
+the moon, in which he seemed to see a face.  On awaking he found that it
+was not day, yet the darkness was half dispelled by light that rayed
+from a figure near him--the form of a lovely woman.
+
+"Cloud Catcher, I have come for you," she said.  And as she turned away
+he felt impelled to rise and follow.  But, instead of walking, she began
+to move into the air with the flight of an eagle, and, endowed with a
+new power, he too ascended beside her.  The earth was dim and vast
+below, stars blazed as they drew near them, yet the radiance of the
+woman seemed to dull their glory.  Presently they passed through a gate
+of clouds and stood on a beautiful plain, with crystal ponds and brooks
+watering noble trees and leagues of flowery meadow; birds of brightest
+colors darted here and there, singing like flutes; the very stones were
+agate, jasper, and chalcedony.  An immense lodge stood on the plain, and
+within were embroideries and ornaments, couches of rich furs, pipes and
+arms cut from jasper and tipped with silver.  While the young man was
+gazing around him with delight, the brother of his guide appeared and
+reproved her, advising her to send the young man back to earth at once,
+but, as she flatly refused to do so, he gave a pipe and bow and arrows
+to Cloud Catcher, as a token of his consent to their marriage, and
+wished them happiness, which, in fact, they had.
+
+This brother, who was commanding, tall, and so dazzling in his gold and
+silver ornaments that one could hardly look upon him, was abroad all
+day, while his sister was absent for a part of the night.  He permitted
+Cloud Catcher to go with him on one of his daily walks, and as they
+crossed the lovely Sky Land they glanced down through open valley
+bottoms on the green earth below.  The rapid pace they struck gave to
+Cloud Catcher an appetite and he asked if there were no game.
+"Patience," counselled his companion.  On arriving at a spot where a
+large hole had been broken through the sky they reclined on mats, and
+the tall man loosing one of his silver ornaments flung it into a group
+of children playing before a lodge.  One of the little ones fell and was
+carried within, amid lamentations.  Then the villagers left their sports
+and labors and looked up at the sky.  The tall man cried, in a voice of
+thunder, "Offer a sacrifice and the child shall be well again."  A white
+dog was killed, roasted, and in a twinkling it shot up to the feet of
+Cloud Catcher, who, being empty, attacked it voraciously.
+
+Many such walks and feasts came after, and the sights of earth and taste
+of meat filled the mortal with a longing to see his people again.  He
+told his wife that he wanted to go back.  She consented, after a time,
+saying, "Since you are better pleased with the cares, the ills, the
+labor, and the poverty of the world than with the comfort and abundance
+of Sky Land, you may return; but remember you are still my husband, and
+beware how you venture to take an earthly maiden for a wife."
+
+She arose lightly, clasped Cloud Catcher by the wrist, and began to move
+with him through the air.  The motion lulled him and he fell asleep,
+waking at the door of his father's lodge.  His relatives gathered and
+gave him welcome, and he learned that he had been in the sky for a year.
+He took the privations of a hunter's and warrior's life less kindly than
+he thought to, and after a time he enlivened its monotony by taking to
+wife a bright-eyed girl of his tribe.  In four days she was dead.  The
+lesson was unheeded and he married again.  Shortly after, he stepped
+from his lodge one evening and never came back.  The woods were filled
+with a strange radiance on that night, and it is asserted that Cloud
+Catcher was taken back to the lodge of the Sun and Moon, and is now
+content to live in heaven.
+
+
+
+
+                           THE COFFIN OF SNAKES
+
+No one knew how it was that Lizon gained the love of Julienne, at L'Anse
+Creuse (near Detroit), for she was a girl of sweet and pious
+disposition, the daughter of a God-fearing farmer, while Lizon was a
+dark, ill-favored wretch, who had come among the people nobody knew
+whence, and lived on the profits of a tap-room where the vilest liquor
+was sold, and where gaming, fighting, and carousing were of nightly
+occurrence.  Perhaps they were right in saying that it was witchcraft.
+He impudently laid siege to her heart, and when she showed signs of
+yielding he told her and her friends that he had no intention of
+marrying her, because he did not believe in religion.
+
+Yet Julienne deserted her comfortable home and went to live with this
+disreputable scamp in his disreputable tavern, to the scandal of the
+community, and especially of the priest, who found Lizon's power for
+evil greater than his own for good, for as the tavern gained in hangers-
+on the church lost worshippers.  One Sunday morning Julienne surprised
+the people by appearing in church and publicly asking pardon for her
+wrong-doing.  It was the first time she had appeared there since her
+flight, and she was as one who had roused from a trance or fever-sleep.
+Her father gladly took her home again, and all went well until New-
+Year's eve, when the young men called d'Ignolee made the rounds of the
+settlement to sing and beg meat for the poor--a custom descended from
+the Druids.  They came to the house of Julienne's father and received
+his welcome and his goods, but their song was interrupted by a cry of
+distress--Lizon was among the maskers, and Julienne was gone.  A crowd
+of villagers ran to the cabaret and rescued the girl from the room into
+which the fellow had thrust her, but it was too late--she had lost her
+reason.  Cursing and striking and blaspheming, Lizon was at last
+confronted by the priest, who told him he had gone too far; that he had
+been a plague to the people and an enemy to the church.  He then
+pronounced against him the edict of excommunication, and told him that
+even in his grave he should not rest; that the church, abandoned by so
+many victims of his wiles and tyrannies, should be swept away.
+
+The priest left the place forthwith, and the morals of the village fell
+lower and lower.  Everything was against it, too.  Blight and storm and
+insect pest ravaged the fields and orchards, as if nature had engaged to
+make an expression of the iniquity of the place.  Suddenly death came
+upon Lizon.  A pit was dug near his tavern and he was placed in a
+coffin, but as the box was lowered it was felt to grow lighter, while
+there poured from it a swarm of fat and filthy snakes.  The fog that
+overspread the earth that morning seemed to blow by in human forms, the
+grave rolled like a wave after it had been covered, and after darkness
+fell a blue will-o'-the-wisp danced over it.  A storm set in, heaping
+the billows on shore until the church was undermined, and with a crash
+it fell into the seething flood.  But the curse had passed, and when a
+new chapel was built the old evils had deserted L'Anse Crease.
+
+
+
+
+                                MACKINACK
+
+Not only was Mackinack the birthplace of Hiawatha: it was the home of
+God himself--Gitchi Manitou, or Mitchi Manitou--who placed there an
+Indian Adam and Eve to watch and cultivate his gardens.  He also made
+the beaver, that his children might eat, and they acknowledged his
+goodness in oblations.  Bounteous sacrifices insured entrance after
+death to the happy hunting-grounds beyond the Rocky Mountains.  Those
+who had failed in these offerings were compelled to wander about the
+Great Lakes, shelterless, and watched by unsleeping giants who were
+ten times the stature of mortals.
+
+These giants still exist, but in the form of conical rocks, one of
+which-called Sugar-Loaf, or Manitou's Wigwam--is ninety feet high.
+A cave in this obelisk is pointed out as Manitou's abiding-place,
+and it was believed that every other spire in the group had its wraith,
+whence has come the name of the island--Michillimackinack (place of
+great dancing spirits).  Arch Rock is the place that Manitou built to
+reach his home from Sunrise Land the better.  There were many such
+monuments of divinities in the north.  They are met with all about the
+lakes and in the wooded wilderness, the most striking one being the
+magnificent spire of basalt in the Black Hills region of Wyoming.  It is
+known as Devil's Tower, or Mateo's Tepee, and by the red men is held to
+be the wigwam of a were-animal that can become man at pleasure.  This
+singular rock towers above the Belle Fourche River to a height of eight
+hundred feet.
+
+Deep beneath Mackinack was a stately and beautiful cavern hall where
+spirits had their revels.  An Indian who got leave to quit his body saw
+it in company with one of the spirits, and spread glowing reports of its
+beauties when he had clothed himself in flesh again.  When Adam and Eve
+died they, too, became spirits and continued to watch the home of
+Manitou.
+
+Now, there is another version of this tradition which gives the,
+original name of the island as Moschenemacenung, meaning "great turtle."
+The French missionaries and traders, finding the word something too
+large a mouthful, softened it to Michillimackinack, and, when the
+English came, three syllables served them as well as a hundred, so
+Mackinack it is to this day.  Manitou, having made a turtle from a drop
+of his own sweat, sent it to the bottom of Lake Huron, whence it brought
+a mouthful of mud, and from this Mackinack was created.  As a reward for
+his service the turtle was allowed to sleep there in the sun forever.
+
+Yet another version has it that the Great Spirit plucked a sand-grain
+from the primeval ocean, set it floating on those waters, and tended it
+until it grew so large that a young wolf, running constantly, died of
+old age before reaching its limits.  The sand became the earth.
+Prophecy has warned the Winnebagoes that Manibozho (Michabo or Hiawatha)
+shall smite by pestilence at the end of their thirteenth generation.
+Ten are gone.  All shall perish but one pure pair, who will people the
+recreated world.  Manibozho, or Minnebojou, is called a "culture myth,"
+but the Indians have faith in him.  They say that he lies asleep on the
+north shore of Lake Superior, beneath the "hill of four knobs," known as
+the Sleeping Giant.  There offerings are made to him, and it was a hope
+of his speedy rising that started the Messiah craze in the West in 1890.
+
+
+
+
+                         LAKE SUPERIOR WATER GODS
+
+There were many water gods about Lake Superior to whom the Indians paid
+homage, casting implements, ornaments, and tobacco into the water
+whenever they passed a spot where one of these manitous sat enthroned.
+At Thunder Cape, on the north shore, lies Manibozho, and in the pillared
+recess of La Chapelle, among the Pictured Rocks, dwelt powerful rulers
+of the storm to whose mercy the red men commended themselves with quaint
+rites whenever they were to set forth on a voyage over the great
+unsalted sea.  At Le Grand Portal were hidden a horde of mischievous
+imps, among whose pranks was the repetition of every word spoken by the
+traveller as he rested on his oars beneath this mighty arch.  The
+Chippewas worked the copper mines at Keweenaw Point before the white
+race had learned of a Western land, but they did so timidly, for they
+believed that a demon would visit with injury or death the rash mortal
+who should presume to pillage his treasure, unless he had first bestowed
+gifts upon him.  Even then they went ashore with fear, lighted fires
+around a surface of native copper, hacked off a few pounds of the
+softened metal, and ran to their canoes without looking behind them.
+
+There was another bad manitou at the mouth of Superior Bay, where
+conflicting currents make a pother of waters.  This spirit sat on the
+bottom of the lake, gazing upward, and if any boatman ventured to cross
+his domain without dropping a pipe or beads or hatchet into it, woe
+betide him, for his boat would be caught in a current and smashed
+against a rocky shore.  Perhaps the most vexatious god was he who ruled
+the Floating Islands.  These islands were beautiful with trees and
+flowers, metal shone and crystals sparkled on their ledges, sweet fruits
+grew in plenty, and song-birds flitted over them.  In wonder and delight
+the hunter would speed toward them in his canoe, but as he neared their
+turfy banks the jealous manitou, who kept these fairy lands for his own
+pleasure, would throw down a fog and shut them out of sight.  Never
+could the hunter set foot on them, no matter how long he kept up his
+search.
+
+
+
+
+THE WITCH OF PICTURED ROCKS
+
+On the Pictured Rocks of Lake Superior dwelt an Ojibway woman, a widow,
+who was cared for by a relative.  This relative was a hunter, the
+husband of an agreeable wife, the father of two bright children.  Being
+of a mean and jealous nature, the widow begrudged every kindness that
+the hunter showed to his wife--the skins he brought for her clothing,
+the moose's lip or other dainty that he saved for her; and one day, in a
+pretence of fine good-nature, the old woman offered to give the younger
+a swing in a vine pendent from a tree that overhung the lake.
+
+The wife accepted, and, seating herself on the vine, was swayed to and
+fro, catching her breath, yet laughing as she swept out over the water.
+When the momentum was greatest the old woman cut the stem.  A splash was
+heard--then all was silent.  Returning to the lodge, the hag disguised
+herself in a dress of the missing woman, and sitting in a shadow,
+pretended to nurse the infant of the household.  The hunter, returning,
+was a little surprised that his wife should keep her face from him, and
+more surprised that the old woman did not appear for her share of the
+food that he had brought; but after their meal he took his little ones
+to the lake, to enjoy the evening breeze, when the elder burst into
+tears, declaring that the woman in the lodge was not his mother, and
+that he feared his own mother was dead or lost.
+
+The hunter hurled his spear into the earth and prayed that, if his wife
+were dead, her body might be found, so he could mourn over it and give
+it burial.  Instantly a bolt of lightning came from a passing cloud and
+shot into the lake, while the thunder-peal that followed shook the
+stones he stood on.  It also disturbed the water and presently something
+was seen rising through it.  The man stepped into a thicket and watched.
+In a few moments a gull arose from the lake and flew to the spot where
+the children were seated.  Around its body was a leather belt,
+embroidered with beads and quills, which the hunter recognized, and,
+advancing softly, he caught the bird--that changed at once into the
+missing woman.  The family set forth toward home, and as they entered
+the lodge the witch--for such she was--looked up, with a start, then
+uttered a cry of despair.  Bending low, she moved her arms in both
+imprecation and appeal.  A moment later a black, ungainly bird flew from
+the wigwam and passed from sight among the trees.  The witch never came
+back to plague them.
+
+
+
+
+                         THE ORIGIN OF WHITE-FISH
+
+An Indian who lived far in the north was so devoted to the chase that he
+was never at home for the whole of a day, to the sorrow of his two boys,
+who liked nothing so much as to sport with him and to be allowed to
+practise with his weapons.  Their mother told them that on no account
+were they to speak to him of the young man who visited the lodge while
+their father was away, and it was not until they were well grown and
+knew what the duty of wives should be that they resolved to disobey her.
+The hunter struck the woman dead when he learned of her perfidy.  So
+greatly did her spirit trouble them, however, that they could no longer
+abide in their old home in peace and comfort, and they left the country
+and journeyed southward until they came to the Sault Sainte Marie.
+
+As they stood beside the falls a head came rolling toward them on the
+earth--the head of the dead woman.  At that moment, too, a crane was
+seen riding on the surface of the water, whirling about in its strongest
+eddies, and when one of the boys called to it, "O Grandfather, we are
+persecuted by a spirit; take us across the falls," the crane flew to
+them.  "Cling to my back and do not touch my head," it said to them, and
+landed them safely on the farther shore.
+
+But now the head screamed, "Come, grandfather, and carry me over, for I
+have lost my children and am sorely distressed," and the bird flew to
+her likewise.  "Be careful not to touch my head," it said.  The head
+promised obedience, but succumbed to curiosity when half-way over and
+touched the bird's head to see what was the matter with him.  With a
+lurch the crane flung off his burden and it fell into the rapids.  As it
+swept down, bumping against the rocks, the brains were pounded out and
+strewn over the water.  "You were useless in life," cried the crane.
+"You shall not be so in death.  Become fish!"  And the bits of brain
+changed to roe that presently hatched to a delicate white fish, the
+flesh whereof is esteemed by Indians of the lakes, and white men,
+likewise.  The family pitched a lodge near the spot and took the crane
+as their totem or name-mark.  Many of their descendants bear it to this
+day.
+
+
+
+
+                           THE SPIRIT OF CLOUDY
+
+Among the lumbermen of Alger, Michigan, was William Cloud, an Indian,
+usually called Cloudy, who was much employed on a chute a mile and a
+half out of the village.  The rains were heavy one spring, and a large
+raft of logs had been floated down to the chute, where they were held
+back by a gate until it was time to send them through in a mass.  When
+the creek had reached its maximum height the foreman gave word to the
+log-drivers to lower the gate and let the timber down.  This order came
+on a chilly April night, and, as it was pitchy dark and rain was falling
+in sheets, the lumbermen agreed to draw cuts to decide which of them
+should venture out and start the logs.  Cloudy drew the fatal slip.  He
+was a quiet fellow, and without a word he opened the door, bent against
+the storm, and passed into the darkness.  An hour went by, and the men
+in the cabin laughed as they described the probable appearance of their
+comrade when he should return, soaked through and through, and they
+wondered if he was waiting in some shelter beside the path for the
+middle of the night to pass, for the Indians believed that an evil
+spirit left the stream every night and was abroad until that hour.
+
+As time lengthened the jest and talk subsided and a moody silence
+supervened.  At length one of the number resolved to sally out and see
+if any mishap had fallen to the Indian.  He was joined by three others,
+and the party repaired to the creek.  Above the chute it was seen that
+the gate--which was released by the withdrawal of iron pins and sank of
+its own weight-had not quite settled into place, and by the light of a
+lantern held near the surface of the rushing current an obstruction
+could be dimly seen.  The gate was slightly raised and the object drawn
+up with pike-poles.  It was the mangled body of Cloudy.  He was buried
+beside the creek; but the camp was soon abandoned and the chute is in
+decay, for between the hours of ten and twelve each night the wraith of
+the Indian, accompanied by the bad spirit of the stream, ranges through
+the wood, his form shining blue in the gloom, his groans sounding above
+the swish and lap of the waters.
+
+
+
+
+                    THE SUN FIRE AT SAULT SAINTE MARIE
+
+Father Marquette reached Sault Sainte Marie, in company with Greysolon
+Du Lhut, in August, 1670, and was received in a manner friendly enough,
+but the Chippewas warned him to turn back from that point, for the
+Ojibways beyond were notoriously hostile to Europeans, their chief--
+White Otter--having taken it on himself to revenge, by war, his father's
+desertion of his mother.  His father was a Frenchman.  Inspired by his
+mission, and full of the enthusiasm of youth and of the faith that had
+led him safely through a host of dangers and troubles, Marquette refused
+to change his plans, and even ventured the assertion that he could tame
+the haughty Otter and bring him to the cross.  At dawn he and his
+doughty henchman set off in a war-canoe, but, on arriving in White
+Otter's camp and speaking their errand, they were seized and bound, to
+await death on the morrow.  The wife of the chief spoke, out of the
+kindness of her heart, and asked mercy for the white men.  To no avail.
+The brute struck her to the ground.  That night his daughter, Wanena,
+who had seen Du Lhut at the trading post and had felt the stir of a
+generous sentiment toward him, appeared before the prisoners when sleep
+was heaviest in the camp, cut their bonds, led them by an obscure path
+to the river, where she enjoined them to enter a canoe, and guided the
+boat to the Holy Isle.  This was where the Ojibways came to lay
+offerings before the image of Manitou, whose home was there believed to
+be.  There the friendly red men would be sure to find and rescue them,
+she thought, and after a few hours of sleep she led them into a secluded
+glen where stood the figure rudely carved from a pine trunk, six feet
+high, and tricked with gewgaws.  As they stood there, stealthy steps
+were heard, and before they could conceal themselves White Otter and
+eight of his men were upon them.  Du Lhut grasped a club from among the
+weapons that--with other offerings--strewed the earth at the statue's
+feet and prepared to sell his life dearly.  The priest drew forth his
+crucifix and prayed.  The girl dropped to the ground, drew her blanket
+over her head, and began to sing her death-song.
+
+"So the black-coat and the woman-stealer have come to die before the
+Indian's god?"  sneered the chief.
+
+"If it be God's will, we will die defying your god and you," replied
+Marquette.  "Yet we fear not death, and if God willed he could deliver
+us as easily as he could destroy that worthless image."  He spoke in an
+undertone to Du Lhut, and continued, confidently, "challenge your god to
+withstand mine.  I shall pray my God to send his fire from the sky and
+burn this thing.  If he does so will you set us free and become a
+Christian?"
+
+"I will; but if you fail, you die."
+
+"And if I win you must pardon your daughter."
+
+White Otter grunted his assent.
+
+The sun was high and brought spicy odors from the wood; an insect hummed
+drowsily, and a birdsong echoed from the distance.  Unconscious of what
+was being enacted about her, Wanena kept rocking to and fro, singing her
+death-song, and waiting the blow that would stretch her at her father's
+feet.  The savages gathered around the image and watched it with eager
+interest.  Raising his crucifix with a commanding gesture, the priest
+strode close to the effigy, and in a loud voice cried, in Chippewa,
+"In the name of God, I command fire to destroy this idol!"
+
+A spot of light danced upon the breast of the image.  It grew dazzling
+bright and steady.  Then a smoke began to curl from the dry grass and
+feathers it was decked with.  The Indians fell back in amazement, and
+when a faint breeze passed, fanning the sparks into flame, they fell on
+their faces, trembling with apprehension, for Marquette declared, "As my
+God treats this idol, so can he treat you!"
+
+Then, looking up to see the manitou in flames, White Otter exclaimed,
+"The white man's God has won.  Spare us, O mighty medicine!"
+
+"I will do so, if you promise to become as white men in the faith and be
+baptized."  Tamed by fear, the red men laid aside their weapons and
+knelt at a brook where Marquette, gathering water in his hands, gave the
+rite of baptism to each, and laid down the moral law they were to live
+by.  Wanena, who had fainted from sheer fright when she saw the idol
+burning, was restored, and it may be added that the priest who
+Christianized her also married her to Du Lhut, who prospered and left
+his name to the city of the lake.  News of the triumph of the white
+men's God went far and wide, and Marquette found his missions easier
+after that.  Du Lhut alone, of all those present, was in the father's
+secret.  He had perpetrated a pious fraud, justified by the results as
+well as by his peril.  A burning-glass had been fastened to the
+crucifix, and with that he had destroyed the idol.
+
+Trading thus on native ignorance a Frenchman named Lyons at another time
+impressed the Indians at Dubuque and gained his will by setting a creek
+on fire.  They did not know that he had first poured turpentine over it.
+
+
+
+
+                       THE SNAKE GOD OF BELLE ISLE
+
+The Indian demi-god, Sleeping Bear, had a daughter so beautiful that he
+kept her out of the sight of men in a covered boat that swung on Detroit
+River, tied to a tree on shore; but the Winds, having seen her when her
+father had visited her with food, contended so fiercely to possess her
+that the little cable was snapped and the boat danced on to the keeper
+of the water-gates, who lived at the outlet of Lake Huron.  The keeper,
+filled with admiration for the girl's beauty, claimed the boat and its
+charming freight, but he had barely received her into his lodge when the
+angry Winds fell upon him, buffeting him so sorely that he died, and was
+buried on Peach Island (properly Isle au Peche), where his spirit
+remained for generations--an oracle sought by Indians before emprise in
+war.  His voice had the sound of wind among the reeds, and its meanings
+could not be told except by those who had prepared themselves by fasting
+and meditation to receive them.  Before planning his campaign against
+the English, Pontiac fasted here for seven days to "clear his ear" and
+hear the wisdom of the sighing voice.
+
+But the Winds were not satisfied with the slaying of the keeper.  They
+tore away his meadows and swept them out as islands.  They smashed the
+damsel's boat and the little bark became Belle Isle.  Here Manitou
+placed the girl, and set a girdle of vicious snakes around the shore to
+guard her and to put a stop to further contests.  These islands in the
+straits seem to have been favorite places of exile and theatres of
+transformation.  The Three Sisters are so called because of three Indian
+women who so scolded and wrangled that their father was obliged to
+separate them and put one on each of the islands for the sake of peace.
+
+It was at Belle Isle that the red men had put up and worshipped a
+natural stone image.  Hearing of this idol, on reaching Detroit, Dollier
+and De Galinee crossed over to it, tore it down, smashed it, flung the
+bigger piece of it into the river, and erected a cross in its place.
+The sunken portion of the idol called aloud to the faithful, who had
+assembled to wonder at the audacity of the white men and witness their
+expected punishment by Manitou, and told them to cast in the other
+portions.  They did so, and all the fragments united and became a
+monster serpent that kept the place from further intrusion.  Later, when
+La Salle ascended the straits in his ship, the Griffin, the Indians on
+shore invoked the help of this, their manitou, and strange forms arose
+from the water that pushed the ship into the north, her crew vainly
+singing hymns with a hope of staying the demoniac power.
+
+
+
+
+                          WERE-WOLVES OF DETROIT
+
+Long were the shores of Detroit vexed by the Snake God of Belle Isle and
+his children, the witches, for the latter sold enchantments and were the
+terror of good people.  Jacques Morand, the /coureur de bois/, was in
+love with Genevieve Parent, but she disliked him and wished only to
+serve the church.  Courting having proved of no avail, he resolved on
+force when she had decided to enter a convent, and he went to one of the
+witches, who served as devil's agent, to sell his soul.  The witch
+accepted the slight commodity and paid for it with a grant of power to
+change from a man's form to that of a were-wolf, or /loup garou/, that
+he might the easier bear away his victim.  Incautiously, he followed her
+to Grosse Pointe, where an image of the Virgin had been set up, and as
+Genevieve dropped at the feet of the statue to implore aid, the wolf, as
+he leaped to her side, was suddenly turned to stone.
+
+Harder was the fate of another maiden, Archange Simonet, for she was
+seized by a were-wolf at this place and hurried away while dancing at
+her own wedding.  The bridegroom devoted his life to the search for her,
+and finally lost his reason, but he prosecuted the hunt so vengefully
+and shrewdly that he always found assistance.  One of the neighbors cut
+off the wolf's tail with a silver bullet, the appendage being for many
+years preserved by the Indians.  The lover finally came upon the
+creature and chased it to the shore, where its footprint is still seen
+in one of the bowlders, but it leaped into the water and disappeared.
+In his crazy fancy the lover declared that it had jumped down the throat
+of a catfish, and that is why the French Canadians have a prejudice
+against catfish as an article of diet.
+
+The man-wolf dared as much for gain as for love.  On the night that Jean
+Chiquot got the Indians drunk and bore off their beaver-skins, the wood
+witches, known as "the white women," fell upon him and tore a part of
+his treasure from him, while a were-wolf pounced so hard on his back
+that he lost more.  He drove the creatures to a little distance, but was
+glad to be safe inside of the fort again, though the officers laughed at
+him and called him a coward.  When they went back over the route with
+him they were astonished to find the grass scorched where the women had
+fled before him, and little springs in the turf showed where they had
+been swallowed up.  Sulphur-water was bubbling from the spot where the
+wolf dived into the earth when the trader's rosary fell out of his
+jacket.  Belle Fontaine, the spot was called, long afterward.
+
+
+
+
+                      THE ESCAPE OF FRANCOIS NAVARRE
+
+When the Hurons came to Sandwich, opposite the Michigan shore, in 1806,
+and camped near the church for the annual "festival of savages," which
+was religious primarily, but incidentally gastronomic, athletic, and
+alcoholic, an old woman of the tribe foretold to Angelique Couture that,
+ere long, blood would be shed freely and white men and Indians would
+take each other's lives.  That was a reasonably safe prophecy in those
+days, and, though Angelique repeated it to her friends, she did not
+worry over it.  But when the comet of 1812 appeared the people grew
+afraid--and with cause, for the war soon began with England.  The girl's
+brothers fought under the red flag; her lover, Francois Navarre, under
+the stars and stripes.
+
+The cruel General Proctor one day passed through Sandwich with prisoners
+on his way to the Hurons, who were to put them to death in the usual
+manner. As they passed by, groaning in anticipation of their fate, foot-
+sore and covered with dust, Angelique nearly swooned, for among them she
+recognized her lover.  He, too, had seen her, and the recognition had
+been noticed by Proctor.  Whether his savage heart was for the moment
+softened by their anguish, or whether he wished to heighten their pain
+by a momentary taste of joy, it is certain that on reaching camp he
+paroled Francrois until sunset.  The young man hastened to the girl's
+house, and for one hour they were sadly happy.  She tried to make him
+break his parole and escape, but he refused, and as the sun sank he tore
+himself from her arms and hastened to rejoin his companions in misery.
+
+His captors admired him for this act of honor, and had he so willed he
+could have been then and there received into their tribe.  As it was,
+they allowed him to remain unbound.  Hardly had the sun gone down when a
+number of boats drew up at the beach with another lot of prisoners, and
+with yells of rejoicing the Indians ran to the river to drive them into
+camp.  Francois's opportunity was brief, but he seized it.  In the
+excitement he had been unobserved.  He was not under oath now, and with
+all speed he dashed into the wood.  Less than a minute had elapsed
+before his absence was discovered, but he was a cunning woodman, and by
+alternately running and hiding, with gathering darkness in his favor, he
+had soon put the savages at a distance.
+
+A band of English went to Angelique's home, thinking that he would be
+sure to rejoin her; but he was too shrewd for that, and it was in vain
+that they fired guns up the chimneys and thrust bayonets into beds.
+Angelique was terrified at this intrusion, but the men had been ordered
+not to injure the woman, and she was glad, after all, to think that
+Francois had escaped.  Some days later one of the Hurons came to her
+door and pointed significantly to a fresh scalp that hung at his belt.
+In the belief that it was her lover's she grew ill and began to fade,
+but one evening there came a faint tap at the door.  She opened it to
+find a cap on the door-step.
+
+There was no writing, yet her heart rose in her bosom and the color came
+back to her cheeks, for she recognized it as her lover's.  Later, she
+learned that Francois had kept to the forest until he reached the site
+of Walkerville, where he had found a canoe and reached the American side
+in safety.  She afterward rejoined him in Detroit, and they were married
+at the end of the war, through which he served with honor and
+satisfaction to himself, being enabled to pay many old scores
+against the red-coats and the Indians.
+
+
+
+
+THE OLD LODGER
+
+In 1868 there died in Detroit a woman named Marie Louise Thebault, more
+usually called Kennette.  She was advanced in years, and old residents
+remembered when she was one of the quaintest figures and most assertive
+spirits in the town, for until a few years before her death she was rude
+of speech, untidy in appearance, loved nothing or respected nothing
+unless it might be her violin and her money, and lived alone in a little
+old house on the river-road to Springwells.  Though she made shoes for a
+living, she was of so miserly a nature that she accepted food from her
+neighbors, and in order to save the expense of light and fuel she spent
+her evenings out.  Yet she read more or less, and was sufficiently
+acquainted with Volney, Voltaire, and other skeptics to shock her church
+acquaintances.  Love of gain, not of company, induced her to lease one
+of her rooms to a pious old woman, from whom she got not only a little
+rent, but the incidental use of her fuel and light.
+
+When the pious one tried to win her to the church it angered her, and
+then, too, she had a way of telling ghost stories that Kennette laughed
+at.  One of these narratives that she would dwell on with especial self-
+conviction was that of Lieutenant Muir, who had left his mistress, when
+she said No to his pleadings, supposing that she spoke the truth,
+whereas she was merely trying to be coquettish.
+
+He fell in an attack on the Americans that night, and came back,
+bleeding, to the girl who had made him throw his life away; he pressed
+her hand, leaving the mark of skeleton fingers there, so that she always
+kept it gloved afterward.  Then there was the tale of the two men of
+Detroit who were crushed by a falling tree: the married one, who was not
+fatally hurt, begged his mate to call his wife, as soon as his soul was
+free, and the woman, hearing the mournful voice at her door, as the
+spirit passed on its way to space, ran out and rescued her husband from
+his plight.  She told, too, of the /feu follet/, or will-o'-the-wisp,
+that led a girl on Grosse Isle to the swamp where her lover was engulfed
+in mire and enabled her to rescue him.  There was Grand'mere Duchene,
+likewise, who worked at her spinning-wheel for many a night after death,
+striking fear to her son's heart, by its droning, because he had not
+bought the fifty masses for the repose of her soul, but when he had
+fulfilled the promise she came no more.  Another yarn was about the
+ghost-boat of hunter Sebastian that ascends the straits once in seven
+years, celebrating his return, after death, in accordance with the
+promise made to Zoe, his betrothed, that--dead or alive--he would return
+to her from the hunt at a certain time.
+
+To all this Kennette turned the ear of scorning.  "Bah!"  she cried.
+"I don't believe your stories.  I don't believe in your hell and your
+purgatory.  If you die first, come back.  If I should, and I can,
+I will come.  Then we may know whether there is another world."
+
+The bargain was made to this effect, but the women did not get on well
+together, and soon Kennette had an open quarrel with her lodger that
+ended by her declaring that she never could forgive her, but that she
+would hold her to her after-death compact.  The lodger died, and while
+talking of her death at the house of a neighbor a boy, who had arrived
+from town, casually asked Kennette--knowing her saving ways--why she had
+left the light burning in her house.  Grasping a poker, she set off at
+once to punish the intruder who had dared to enter in her absence, but
+when she arrived there was no light.  On several evenings the light was
+reported by others, but as she was gadding in the neighborhood she never
+saw it until, one night, resolved to see for herself, she returned
+early, softly entered at the back door, and went to bed.  Hardly had she
+done so when she saw a light coming up-stairs.  Sitting bolt upright in
+bed she waited.  The light came up noiselessly and presently stood in
+the room--not a lantern or candle, but a white phosphorescence.  It
+advanced toward her, changing its form until she saw a cloudy likeness
+to a human being.  For the first time in her life she feared.  "Come no
+nearer!" she cried.  "I know you.  I believe you, and I forgive."
+
+The light vanished.  From that night it was remarked that Kennette began
+to age fast--she began to change and become more like other women.  She
+went to church and her face grew softer and kinder.  It was the only
+time that she saw the spirit, but the effect of the visit was permanent.
+
+
+
+
+                              THE NAIN ROUGE
+
+Among all the impish offspring of the Stone God, wizards and witches,
+that made Detroit feared by the early settlers, none were more dreaded
+than the Nain Rouge (Red Dwarf), or Demon of the Strait, for it appeared
+only when there was to be trouble.  In that it delighted.  It was a
+shambling, red-faced creature, with a cold, glittering eye and teeth
+protruding from a grinning mouth.  Cadillac, founder of Detroit, having
+struck at it, presently lost his seigniory and his fortunes.  It was
+seen scampering along the shore on the night before the attack on Bloody
+Run, when the brook that afterward bore this name turned red with the
+blood of soldiers.  People saw it in the smoky streets when the city was
+burned in 1805, and on the morning of Hull's surrender it was found
+grinning in the fog.  It rubbed its bony knuckles expectantly when David
+Fisher paddled across the strait to see his love, Soulange Gaudet, in
+the only boat he could find--a wheel-barrow, namely--but was sobered
+when David made a safe landing.
+
+It chuckled when the youthful bloods set off on Christmas day to race
+the frozen strait for the hand of buffer Beauvais's daughter Claire, but
+when her lover's horse, a wiry Indian nag, came pacing in it fled before
+their happiness.  It was twice seen on the roof of the stable where that
+sour-faced, evil-eyed old mumbler, Jean Beaugrand, kept his horse, Sans
+Souci--a beast that, spite of its hundred years or more, could and did
+leap every wall in Detroit, even the twelve-foot stockade of the fort,
+to steal corn and watermelons, and that had been seen in the same barn,
+sitting at a table, playing seven-up with his master, and drinking a
+liquor that looked like melted brass.  The dwarf whispered at the
+sleeping ear of the old chief who slew Friar Constantine, chaplain of
+the fort, in anger at the teachings that had parted a white lover from
+his daughter and led her to drown herself--a killing that the red man
+afterward confessed, because he could no longer endure the tolling of a
+mass bell in his ears and the friar's voice in the wind.
+
+The Nain Rouge it was who claimed half of the old mill, on Presque Isle,
+that the sick and irritable Josette swore that she would leave to the
+devil when her brother Jean pestered her to make her will in his favor,
+giving him complete ownership.  On the night of her death the mill was
+wrecked by a thunder-bolt, and a red-faced imp was often seen among the
+ruins, trying to patch the machinery so as to grind the devil's grist.
+It directed the dance of black cats in the mill at Pont Rouge, after the
+widow's curse had fallen on Louis Robert, her brother-in-law.  This man,
+succeeding her husband as director of the property, had developed such
+miserly traits that she and her children were literally starved to
+death, but her dying curse threw such ill luck on the place and set
+afloat such evil report about it that he took himself away.  The Nain
+Rouge may have been the Lutin that took Jacques L'Esperance's ponies
+from the stable at Grosse Pointe, and, leaving no tracks in sand or
+snow, rode them through the air all night, restoring them at dawn
+quivering with fatigue, covered with foam, bloody with the lash of a
+thorn-bush.  It stopped that exercise on the night that Jacques hurled
+a font of holy water at it, but to keep it away the people of Grosse
+Pointe still mark their houses with the sign of a cross.
+
+It was lurking in the wood on the day that Captain Dalzell went against
+Pontiac, only to perish in an ambush, to the secret relief of his
+superior, Major Gladwyn, for the major hoped to win the betrothed of
+Dalzell; but when the girl heard that her lover had been killed at
+Bloody Run, and his head had been carried on a pike, she sank to the
+ground never to rise again in health, and in a few days she had followed
+the victims of the massacre.  There was a suspicion that the Nain Rouge
+had power to change his shape for one not less offensive.  The brothers
+Tremblay had no luck in fishing through the straits and lakes until one
+of them agreed to share his catch with St. Patrick, the saint's half to
+be sold at the church-door for the benefit of the poor and for buying
+masses to relieve souls in purgatory.  His brother doubted if this
+benefit would last, and feared that they might be lured into the water
+and turned into fish, for had not St. Patrick eaten pork chops on a
+Friday, after dipping them into holy water and turning them into trout?
+But his good brother kept on and prospered and the bad one kept on
+grumbling.  Now, at Grosse Isle was a strange thing called the rolling
+muff, that all were afraid of, since to meet it was a warning of
+trouble; but, like the /feu follet/, it could be driven off by holding a
+cross toward it or by asking it on what day of the month came Christmas.
+The worse of the Tremblays encountered this creature and it filled him
+with dismay.  When he returned his neighbors observed an odor--not of
+sanctity--on his garments, and their view of the matter was that he had
+met a skunk.  The graceless man felt convinced, however, that he had
+received a devil's baptism from the Nain Rouge, and St. Patrick had no
+stancher allies than both the Tremblays, after that.
+
+
+
+
+                               TWO REVENGES
+
+It is no more possible to predicate the conduct of an Indian than that
+of a woman.  In Detroit lived Wasson, one of the warriors of the dreaded
+Pontiac, who had felt some tender movings of the spirit toward a girl of
+his tribe.  The keeper of the old red mill that stood at the foot of
+Twenty-fourth Street adopted her, with the consent of her people, and
+did his best to civilize her.  But Wasson kept watch.  He presently
+discovered that whenever the miller was away a candle shone in the
+window until a figure wrapped in a military cloak emerged from the
+shadows, knocked, and was admitted.  On the night that Wasson identified
+his rival as Colonel Campbell, an English officer, he stole into the
+girl's room through the window and cut her down with his hatchet.
+Colonel Campbell, likewise, he slew after Pontiac had made prisoners of
+the garrison.  The mill was shunned, after that, for the figure of a
+girl, with a candle in her hand, frightened so many people by moving
+about the place that it was torn down in 1795.
+
+But the red man was not always hostile.  Kenen, a Huron, loved a half-
+breed girl, whom he could never persuade into a betrothal.  One day he
+accidentally wounded a white man in the wood, and lifting him on his
+shoulder he hurried with him to camp.  It was not long before he found
+that the soft glances of the half-breed girl were doing more to cure his
+victim than the incantations of the medicine-man, and in a fit of anger,
+one day, he plucked forth his knife and fell upon the couple.  Her look
+of innocent surprise shamed him.  He rushed away, with an expression of
+self-contempt, and flung his weapon far into the river.  Soon after,
+the white man was captured by the Iroquois.  They were preparing to put
+him to the torture when a tall Indian leaped in among them, with the
+cry, "I am Kenen.  Let the pale face go, for a Huron chief will take his
+place."  And, as the bonds fell from the prisoner's wrists and ankles,
+he added, "Go and comfort the White Fawn."  The white man was allowed to
+enter a canoe and row away, but as he did so his heart misgave him: the
+words of a deathsong and the crackling of flames had reached his ears.
+
+
+
+
+                                 HIAWATHA
+
+The story of Hiawatha--known about the lakes as Manabozho and in the
+East as Glooskapis the most widely disseminated of the Indian legends.
+He came to earth on a Messianic mission, teaching justice, fortitude,
+and forbearance to the red men, showing them how to improve their
+handicraft, ridding the woods and hills of monsters, and finally going
+up to heaven amid cries of wonder from those on whose behalf he had
+worked and counselled.  He was brought up as a child among them, took to
+wife the Dakota girl, Minnehaha ("Laughing Water"), hunted, fought, and
+lived as a warrior; yet, when need came, he could change his form to any
+shape of bird, fish, or plant that he wished.  He spoke to friends in
+the voice of a woman and to enemies in tones like thunder.  A giant in
+form, few dared to resist him in battle, yet he suffered the common
+pains and adversities of his kind, and while fishing in one of the great
+lakes in his white stone canoe, that moved whither he willed it, he and
+his boat were swallowed by the king of fishes.  He killed the creature
+by beating at its heart with a stone club, and when the gulls had preyed
+on its flesh, as it lay floating on the surface, until he could see
+daylight, he clambered through the opening they had made and returned to
+his lodge.
+
+Believing that his father had killed his mother, he fought against him
+for several days, driving him to the edge of the world before peace was
+made between them.  The evil Pearl Feather had slain one of his
+relatives, and to avenge that crime Hiawatha pressed through a guard of
+fire-breathing serpents which surrounded that fell personage, shot them
+with arrows as they struck at him, and having thus reached the lodge of
+his enemy he engaged him in combat.  All day long they battled to no
+purpose, but toward evening a woodpecker flew overhead and cried, "Your
+enemy has but one vulnerable point.  Shoot at his scalp-lock."  Hiawatha
+did so and his foe fell dead.  Anointing his finger with the blood of
+his foe, he touched the bird, and the red mark is found on the head of
+every woodpecker to this day.  A duck having led him a long chase when
+he was trying to capture it for food, he angrily kicked it, thus
+flattening its back, bowing its legs, despoiling it of half of its tail-
+feathers, and that is why, to this day, ducks are awkward.
+
+In return for its service in leading him to where the prince of serpents
+lived, he invested the kingfisher with a medal and rumpled the feathers
+of its head in putting it on; hence all kingfishers have rumpled knots
+and white spots on their breasts.  After slaying the prince of serpents
+he travelled all over America, doing good work, and on reaching Onondaga
+he organized a friendly league of thirteen tribes that endured for many
+years.  This closed his mission.  As he stood in the assemblage of
+chiefs a white bird, appearing at an immense height, descended like a
+meteor, struck Hiawatha's daughter with such force as to drive her
+remains into the earth and shattered itself against the ground.  Its
+silvery feathers were scattered, and these were preserved by the
+beholders as ornaments for their hair--so the custom of wearing feather
+head-dresses endures to our time.  Though filled with consternation,
+Hiawatha recognized the summons.  He addressed his companions in tones
+of such sweetness and terms of such eloquence as had never been heard
+before, urging them to live uprightly and to enforce good laws,
+andunhappy circumstance!--promising to come back when the time was ripe.
+The expectancy of his return has led to ghost-dances and similar
+demonstrations of enmity against the whites.  When he had ended he
+entered his stone canoe and began to rise in air to strains of melting
+music.  Higher and higher he arose, the white vessel shining in the
+sunlight, until he disappeared in the spaces of the sky.
+
+Incidents of the Hiawatha legend are not all placed, but he is thought
+to have been born near the great lakes, perhaps at Mackinack.  Some
+legends, indeed, credit him with making his home at Mackinack, and from
+that point, as a centre, making a new earth around him.  The fight with
+his father began on the upper Mississippi, and the bowlders found along
+its banks were their missiles.  The south shore of Lake Superior was the
+scene of his conflict with the serpents.  He hunted the great beaver
+around Lake Superior and brought down his dam at the Sault Sainte Marie.
+A depression in a rock on the southern edge of Michipicotea Bay is where
+he alighted after a jump across the lake.  In a larger depression, near
+Thunder Bay, he sat when smoking his last pipe.  The big rocks on the
+east side of Grand Traverse Bay, near Antrim City, Michigan, are the
+bones of a stone monster that he slew.
+
+So trifling an incident as the kicking of the duck has been localized at
+Lake Itasca.  [It is worth passing mention that this name, which sounds
+as if it were of Indian origin, is held by some to be composed of the
+last syllables of /veritas/ and the first letters of /caput/, these
+words-signifying "the true head"--being applied by early explorers as
+showing that they were confident of having found the actual source of
+the Mississippi.]  Minnehaha lived near the fall in Minneapolis that
+bears her name.  The final apotheosis took place on the shores of Lake
+Onondaga, New York, though Hiawatha lies buried under a mountain, three
+miles long, on the east side of Thunder Bay, Lake Superior, which, from
+the water, resembles a man lying on his back.  The red man makes
+oblation, as he rows past, by dropping a pinch of tobacco into the
+water.  Some say that Hiawatha now lives at the top of the earth, amid
+the ice, and directs the sun.  He has to live in a cold country because,
+if he were to return, he would set the earth on fire with his footsteps.
+
+
+
+
+                            THE INDIAN MESSIAH
+
+The promise of the return to earth of various benign spirits has caused
+much trouble among the red men, and incidentally to the white men who
+are the objects of their fanatic dislike.  The New Mexicans believed
+that when the Emperor Montezuma was about to leave the earth he planted
+a tree and bade them watch it, for when it fell he would come back in
+glory and lead them to victory, wealth, and power.  The watch was kept
+in secret on account of the determination of the Spaniards to breakup
+all fealty to tribal heroes and traditions.  As late as 1781 they
+executed a sentence of death on a descendant of the Peruvian Incas for
+declaring his royal origin.  When Montezuma's tree fell the people
+gathered on the house-tops to watch the east-in vain, for the white man
+was there.  In 1883 the Sanpoels, a small tribe in Washington, were
+stirred by the teaching of an old chief, who told them that the wicked
+would soon be destroyed, and that the Great Spirit had ordered him to
+build an ark for his people.  The remains of this vessel, two hundred
+and eighty-eight feet long, are still to be seen near one of the
+tributaries of the Columbia.
+
+A frenzy swept over the West in 1890, inspiring the Indians by promise
+of the coming of one of superhuman power, who was generally believed to
+be Hiawatha, to threaten the destruction of the white population, since
+it had been foretold that the Messiah would drive the white men from
+their land.  Early in the summer of that year it was reported that the
+Messiah had appeared in the north, and the chiefs of many tribes went to
+Dakota, as the magi did to Bethlehem, to learn if this were true.
+Sitting Bull, the Sioux chief, told them, in assembly, that it was so,
+and declared that he had seen the new Christ while hunting in the
+Shoshone Mountains.  One evening he lost his way and was impelled by a
+strange feeling to follow a star that moved before him.  At daybreak it
+paused over a beautiful valley, and, weary with his walk, he sank on a
+bed of moss.  As he sat there throngs of Indian warriors appeared and
+began a spirit dance, led by chiefs who had long been dead.  Presently a
+voice spoke in his ear, and turning he saw a strange man dressed in
+white.  The man said he was the same Christ who had come into the world
+nineteen hundred years before to save white men, and that now he would
+save the red men by driving out the whites.  The Indians were to dance
+the ghost-dance, or spirit dance, until the new moon, when the globe
+would shiver, the wind would glow, and the white soldiers and their
+horses would sink into the earth.  The Messiah showed to Sitting Bull
+the nail-wounds in his hands and feet and the spear-stab in his side.
+When night came on the form in white had disappeared--and, returning,
+the old chief taught the ghost-dance to his people.
+
+
+
+
+                           THE VISION OF RESCUE
+
+Surmounting Red Banks, twelve miles north of Green Bay, Wisconsin,
+on the eastern shore, and one hundred feet above the water, stands an
+earthwork that the first settlers found there when they went into that
+country.  It was built by the Sauks and Outagamies, a family that ruled
+the land for many years, rousing the jealousy of neighboring tribes by
+their wealth and power.  The time came, as it did in the concerns of
+nearly every band of Indians, when war was declared against this family,
+and the enemy came upon them in the darkness, their canoes patroling the
+shore while the main body formed a line about the fort.  So silently was
+this done that but one person discovered it--a squaw, who cried, "We are
+all dead!"
+
+There was nothing to see or hear, and she was rated for alarming the
+camp with foolish dreams; but dawn revealed the beleaguering line, and
+at the lifting of the sun a battle began that lasted for days, those
+within the earthworks sometimes fighting while ankle-deep in the blood
+of their fellows.  The greatest lack of the besieged was that of water,
+and they let down earthen jars to the lake to get it, but the cords were
+cut ere they could be drawn upthe enemy shouting, derisively, "Come down
+and drink!"  Several times they tried to do so, but were beaten back at
+every sally, and it seemed at last as if extermination was to be their
+fate.
+
+When matters were at their darkest one of the young men who had been
+fasting for ten days--the Indian custom when divine direction was sought
+addressed his companions to this effect: "Last night there stood by me
+the form of a young man, clothed in white, who said, 'I was once alive,
+but I died, and now I live forever.  Trust me and I will deliver you.
+Be fearless.  At midnight I will cast a sleep on your enemies.  Go forth
+boldly and you shall escape.'"  The condition was too desperate to
+question any means of freedom, and that night all but a handful of
+disbelievers left the fort, while the enemy was in a slumber of
+exhaustion, and got away in safety.  When the besiegers, in the morning,
+found that the fort had been almost deserted, they fell on the few that
+remained to repent their folly, and put them to the knife and axe, for
+their fury was excessive at the failure of the siege.
+
+
+
+
+DEVIL'S LAKE
+
+Any of the noble rivers and secluded lakes of Wisconsin were held in
+esteem or fear by the northern tribes, and it was the now-forgotten
+events and superstitions connected with them, not less than the frontier
+tendency for strong names, that gave a lurid and diabolical nomenclature
+to parts of this region.  Devils, witches, magicians, and manitous were
+perpetuated, and Indians whose prowess was thought to be supernatural
+left dim records of themselves here and there--as near the dells of the
+Wisconsin, where a chasm fifty feet wide is shown as the ravine leaped
+by chief Black Hawk when flying from the whites.  Devil's Lake was the
+home of a manitou who does not seem to have been a particularly evil
+genius, though he had unusual power.  The lake fills what is locally
+regarded as the crater of an extinct volcano, and the coldness and
+purity kept by the water, in spite of its lacking visible inlets or
+outlets, was one cause for thinking it uncanny.
+
+This manitou piled the heavy blocks of Devil's Door-Way and set up Black
+Monument and the Pedestalled Bowlder as thrones where he might sit and
+view the landscape by day--for the Indians appreciated the beautiful in
+nature and supposed their gods did, too--while at night he could watch
+the dance of the frost spirits, the aurora borealis.  Cleft Rock was
+sundered by one of his darts aimed at an offending Indian, who owed his
+life to the manitou's bad aim.  The Sacrifice Stone is shown where, at
+another time, a girl was immolated to appease his anger.  Cleopatra's
+Needle, as it is now called, is the body of an ancient chief, who was
+turned into stone as a punishment for prying into the mysteries of the
+lake, a stone on East Mountain being the remains of a squaw who had
+similarly offended.  On the St. Croix the Devil's Chair is pointed out
+where he sat in state.  He had his play spells, too, as you may guess
+when you see his toboggan slide in Weber Canon, Utah, while Cinnabar
+Mountain, in the Yellowstone country, he scorched red as he coasted
+down.
+
+The hunter wandering through this Wisconsin wilderness paused when he
+came within sight of the lake, for all game within its precincts was in
+the manitou's protection; not a fish might be taken, and not even a drop
+of water could be dipped to cool the lips of the traveller.  So strong
+was this fear of giving offence to the manitou that Indians who were
+dying of wounds or illness, and were longing for a swallow of water,
+would refuse to profane the lake by touching their lips to it.
+
+
+
+
+
+                           THE KEUSCA ELOPEMENT
+
+Keusca was a village of the Dakota Indians on the Wisconsin bluffs of
+the Mississippi eighteen hundred miles from its mouth.  The name means,
+to overthrow, or set aside, for it was here that a tribal law was
+broken.  Sacred Wind was a coquette of that village, for whose hand came
+many young fellows wooing with painted faces.  For her they played the
+bone flute in the twilight, and in the games they danced and leaped
+their hardest and shot their farthest and truest when she was looking
+on.  Though they amused her she cared not a jot for these suitors,
+keeping her love for the young brave named the Shield--and keeping it
+secret, for he was her cousin, and cousins might not wed.  If a relative
+urged her to marry some young fellow for whom she had no liking, she
+would answer that if forced to do so she would fling herself into the
+river, and spoke of Winonah and Lovers' Leap.
+
+She was afraid to wed the Shield, for the medicinemen had threatened all
+who dared to break the marriage laws with unearthly terrors; yet when
+the Shield had been absent for several weeks on the war-path she
+realized that life without his companionship was too hollow to be
+endured--and she admired him all the more when he returned with two
+scalps hanging at his belt.  He renewed his wooing.  He allayed her
+fears by assurances that he, too, was a medicine-man and could
+counteract the spells that wizards might cast on them.  Then she no
+longer repressed the promptings of her heart, but yielded to his suit.
+They agreed to elope that night.
+
+As they left the little clearing in the wood where their interview had
+taken place, a thicket stirred and a girl stole from it, looking
+intently at their retreating forms.  The Swan, they had named her; but,
+with a flush in her dusky cheeks, her brows dark, her eyes glittering,
+she more recalled the vulture--for she, too, loved the Shield; and she
+had now seen and heard that her love was hopeless.  That evening she
+alarmed the camp; she told the parents of Sacred Wind of the threatened
+violation of custom, and the father rose in anger to seek her.  It was
+too late, for the flight had taken place.  The Swan went to the river
+and rowed out in a canoe.  From the middle of the stream she saw a speck
+on the water to the southward, and knew it to be Sacred Wind and her
+lover, henceforth husband.  She watched until the speck faded in the
+twilight--then leaning over the side of the boat she capsized it, and
+passed from the view of men.
+
+
+
+
+                                PIPESTONE
+
+Pipestone, a smooth, hard, even-textured clay, of lively color, from
+which thousands of red men cut their pipe-bowls, forms a wall on the
+Coteau des Prairies, in Minnesota, that is two miles long and thirty
+feet high.  In front of it lie five bowlders, the droppings from an
+iceberg to the floor of the primeval sea, and beneath these masses of
+granite live the spirits of two squaws that must be consulted before the
+stone can be dug.  This quarry was neutral ground, and here, as they
+approached it, the men of all tribes sheathed their knives and belted up
+their axes, for to this place the Great Spirit came to kill and eat the
+buffalo, and it is the blood of this animal that has turned the stone to
+red.  Here, too, the Thunder Bird had her nest, and her brood rent the
+skies above it with the clashing of their iron wings.
+
+A snake having crawled into this nest to steal the unhatched thunders,
+Manitou caught up a piece of pipestone, hastily pressed it between his
+hands, giving it the shape of a man, and flung it at the reptile.  The
+stone man's feet stuck fast in the ground, and there he stood for a
+thousand years, growing like a tree and drawing strength and knowledge
+out of the earth.  Another shape grew up beside him--woman.  In time the
+snake gnawed them free from their foundations and the red-earth pair
+wandered off together.  From them sprang all people.
+
+Ages after, the Manitou called the red men to the quarry, fashioned a
+pipe for them, told them it was a part of their flesh, and smoked it
+over them, blowing the smoke to north, south, east, and west, in token
+that wherever the influence of the pipe extended there was to be
+brotherhood and peace.  The place was to be sacred from war and they
+were to make their pipes from this rock.  As the smoke rolled about him
+he gradually disappeared from view.  At the last whiff the ashes fell
+out and the surface of the rock for miles burst into flame, so that it
+melted and glazed.  Two ovens opened at its foot, and through the fire
+entered the two spirits Tsomecostee and Tsomecostewondee--that are still
+its guardians, answering the invocations of the medicine-men and
+accepting the oblations of those who go to make pipes or carve their
+totems on the rock.
+
+
+
+
+                            THE VIRGINS' FEAST
+
+A game of lacrosse was played by Indian girls on the ice near the
+present Fort Snelling, one winter day, and the victorious trophies
+were awarded to Wenonah, sister of the chief, to the discomfiture of
+Harpstenah, her opponent, an ill-favored woman, neglected by her tribe,
+and jealous of Wenonah's beauty and popularity.  This defeat, added to
+some fancied slights, was almost more than she could bear, and during
+the contest she had been cut in the head by one of the rackets--an
+accident that she falsely attributed to her adversary in the game.  She
+had an opportunity of proving her hatred, for directly that it was known
+how Wenonah had refused to marry Red Cloud, a stalwart boaster, openly
+preferring a younger warrior of the tribe, the ill-thinking Harpstenah
+sought out the disappointed suitor, who sat moodily apart, and thus
+advised him, "To-morrow is the Feast of Virgins, when all who are pure
+will sit at meat together.  Wenonah will be there.  Has she the right to
+be?  Have you not seen how shamelessly she favors your rival's suit?
+Among the Dakotas to accuse is to condemn, and the girl who is accused
+at the Virgins' Feast is disgraced forever.  She has shown for Red Cloud
+nothing but contempt.  If he shows no anger at it the girls will laugh
+at him."
+
+With this she turned away and left Red Cloud to his meditations.
+Wenonah, at the door of her brother's wigwam, looked into the north and
+saw the stars grow pale through streams of electric fire.  "The Woman of
+the North warns us of coming evil," muttered the chief.  "Some danger is
+near.  Fire on the lights!"  And a volley of musketry sent a shock
+through the still air.
+
+"They shine for me," said Wenonah, sadly.  "For I shall soon join our
+father, mother, and sister in the land of spirits.  Before the leaves
+fell I sat beside the Father of Waters and saw a manitou rise among the
+waves.  It said that my sisters in the sunset world were calling to me
+and I must soon go to them."  The chief tried to laugh away her fancies
+and comforted her as well as he might, then leading her to the wigwam he
+urged her to sleep.
+
+Next day is the Virgins' Feast and Wenonah is among those who sit in the
+ring, dressed in their gayest.  None who are conscious of a fault may
+share in the feast; nor, if one were exposed and expelled, might any
+interpose to ask for mercy; yet a groan of surprise and horror goes
+through the company when Red Cloud, stalking up to the circle, seizes
+the girl roughly by the shoulder and orders her away.  No use to deny or
+appeal.  An Indian warrior would not be so treacherous or unjust as to
+act in this way unless he had proofs.  Without a word she enters the
+adjacent wood, draws her knife, and strikes it to her heart.  With
+summer came the fever, and it ravaged through the band, laying low the
+infant and the counsellor.  Red Cloud was the first to die, and as he
+was borne away Harpstenah lifted her wasted form and followed him with
+dimming eyes, then cried, "He is dead.  He hated Wenonah because she
+slighted him.  I hated her because she was happy.  I told him to
+denounce her.  But she was innocent."
+
+
+
+
+                           FALLS OF ST. ANTHONY
+
+Several of the Dakotas, who had been incamp near the site of St. Paul,
+left their families and friends, when the hunting season opened, and
+went into the north.  On their arrival at another village of their
+tribe, they stayed to rest for a little, and one of the men used the
+time to ill-advantage, as it fell out, for he conceived an attachment
+for a girl of this northern family, and on his way southward he wedded
+her and took her home with him.  Proper enough to do, if he had not been
+married already.  The first wife knew that any warrior might take a
+second, if he could support both; but the woman was stronger than the
+savage in her nature, and when her husband came back, with a red-cheeked
+woman walking beside him, she felt that she should never know his love
+again.  The man was all attention to the young wife, whether the tribe
+tarried or travelled.  When they shifted camp the elder walked or rowed
+behind with her boy, a likely lad of ten or twelve.
+
+It was when they were returning down the river after a successful hunt
+that the whole company was obliged to make a carry around the quick
+water near the head of St. Anthony's Falls.  While the others were
+packing the boats and goods for transportation by hand to the foot of
+the cataract, the forsaken wife chose a moment when none were watching
+to embark with her boy in one of the canoes.  Rowing out to an island,
+she put on all her ornaments, and dressed the lad in beads and feathers
+as if he were a warrior.  Her husband, finding her absent from the
+party, looked anxiously about for some time, and was horrified to see
+her put out from the island into the rapid current.  She had placed the
+child high in the boat, and was rowing with a steady stroke down the
+stream.  He called and beckoned franticly.  She did not seem to hear
+him, nor did she turn her head when the others joined their cries to
+his.  For a moment those who listened heard her death-song, then the
+yeasty flood hid them from sight, and the husband on the shore fell to
+the earth with a wail of anguish.
+
+
+
+
+                      FLYING SHADOW AND TRACK MAKER
+
+The Chippewas and Sioux had come together at Fort Snelling to make merry
+and cement friendships.  Flying Shadow was sad when the time came for
+the tribes to part, for Track Maker had won her heart, and no less
+strong than her love was the love he felt for her.  But a Chippewa girl
+might not marry among the Sioux, and, if she did, the hand of every one
+would be against her should ever the tribes wage war upon each other,
+and war was nearer than either of them had expected.  The Chippewas left
+with feelings of good will, Flying Shadow concealing in her bosom the
+trinkets that testified to the love of Track Maker and sighing as she
+thought of the years that might elapse ere they met again.
+
+Two renegade Chippewas, that had lingered behind the band, played the
+villain after this pleasant parting, for they killed a Sioux.  Hardly
+was the news of this outrage received at the fort ere three hundred
+warriors were on the trail of their whilom guests and friends, all
+clamoring for revenge.  Among them was Track Maker, for he could not,
+as a warrior, remain behind after his brother had been shot, and, while
+his heart sank within him as he thought of the gentle Flying Shadow, he
+marched in advance, and early in the morning the Chippewas were
+surprised between St. Anthony's Falls and Rum River, where they had
+camped without fear, being alike ignorant and innocent of the murder
+for which so many were to be punished.
+
+The Sioux fell upon them and cut down all alike--men, women, and
+children.  In the midst of the carnage Track Maker comes face to face
+with Flying Shadow, and with a cry of gladness she throws herself into
+his arms.  But there is no refuge there.  Gladly as he would save her,
+he knows too well that the thirst for blood will not be sated until
+every member of that band is dead.  He folds her to his bosom for an
+instant, looks into her eyes with tenderness--then bowing his head he
+passes on and never glances back.  It is enough.  She falls insensible,
+and a savage, rushing upon her, tears the scalp from her head.
+
+The Sioux win a hundred scalps and celebrate their victory with dance
+and song.  Track Maker has returned with more scalps than any, and the
+maidens welcome him as a hero, but he keeps gravely apart from all, and
+has no share in the feasting and merry-making.  Ever the trusting,
+pleading, wondering face of Flying Shadow comes before him.  It looks
+out at him in the face of the deer he is about to kill.  He sees it in
+the river, the leaves, the clouds.  It rises before him in dreams.  The
+elder people say he is bewitched, but he will have none of their
+curatives.  When war breaks out he is the first to go, the first to open
+battle.  Rushing among his enemies he lays about him with his axe
+until he falls, pierced with a hundred spears and arrows.  It is the
+fate he has courted, and as he falls his face is lighted with a smile.
+
+
+
+                       SAVED BY A LIGHTNING-STROKE
+
+There was rough justice in the West in the old days.  It had to be dealt
+severely and quickly, for it was administered to a kind of men that
+became dangerous if they saw any advantage or any superiority in their
+strength or numbers over the decent people with whom they were cast.
+They were uncivilized foreigners and native renegades, for the most
+part, who had drifted to the frontier in the hope of making a living
+without work more easily than in the cities.  As there were no lawyers
+or courts and few recognized laws, the whole people constituted
+themselves a jury, and if a man were known to be guilty it was
+foolishness for any one to waste logic on his case.  And there is almost
+no record of an innocent man being hanged by lynchers in the West.  For
+minor offences the penalty was to be marched out of camp, with a warning
+to be very cautious about coming that way again, but for graver ones it
+was death.
+
+In 1840 a number of desperate fellows had settled along Cedar River,
+near its confluence with the Iowa, who subsisted by means of theft from
+the frugal and industrious.  Some of these men applied themselves
+especially to horse-stealing, and in thinly settled countries, where a
+man has often to go twenty or thirty miles for supplies, or his mail, or
+medical attendance, it is thought to be a calamity to be without a
+horse.
+
+At last the people organized themselves into a vigilance committee and
+ran down the thieves.  As the latter were a conscienceless gang of
+rascals, it was resolved that the only effectual way of reforming them
+would be by hanging.  One man of the nine, it is true, was supposed
+before his arrest to be a respectable citizen, but his evil
+communications closed the ears of his neighbors to his appeals,
+and it was resolved that he, too, should hang.
+
+Not far away stood an oak with nine stout branches, and to this natural
+gallows the rogues were taken.  As a squall was coming up the ceremonies
+were short, and presently every limb was weighted with the form of a
+captive.  The formerly respectable citizen was the last one to be drawn
+up, and hardly had his halter been secured before the storm burst and a
+bolt of lightning ripped off the limb on which he hung.  During the
+delay caused by this accident the unhappy man pleaded so earnestly for a
+rehearing that it was decided to give it to him, and when he had secured
+it he conclusively proved his innocence and was set free.  The tree is
+still standing.  To the ruffians it was a warning and they went away.
+Even the providential saving of one man did not detract from the value
+of the lesson to avoid bad company.
+
+
+
+
+                        THE KILLING OF CLOUDY SKY
+
+In the Dakota camp on the bank of Spirit Lake, or Lake Calhoun, Iowa,
+lived Cloudy Sky, a medicine-man, who had been made repellent by age and
+accident, but who was feared because of his magic  power.  At eighty
+years of age he looked for a third wife, and chose the daughter of a
+warrior, his presents of blankets and calicoes to the parents winning
+their consent.  The girl, Harpstenah (a common name for a third daughter
+among the Sioux), dreaded and hated this man, for it was rumored that he
+had killed his first wife and basely sold his second.  When she learned
+what had been decided for her she rushed from the camp in tears and sat
+in a lonely spot near the lake to curse and lament unseen.  As she sat
+there the waters were troubled.  There was no wind, yet great waves were
+thrown up, and tumbled hissing on the shore.  Presently came a wave
+higher than the rest, and a graceful form leaped from it, half shrouded
+in its own long hair.
+
+"Do not tremble," said the visitant, for Harpstenah had hidden her face.
+"I am the daughter of Unktahe, the water god.  In four days your parents
+will give you to Cloudy Sky, as his wife, though you love Red Deer.  It
+is with you to wed the man you hate or the man you love.  Cloudy Sky has
+offended the water spirits and we have resolved upon his death.  If you
+will be our agent in destroying him, you shall marry Red Deer and live
+long and happily.  The medicine-man wandered for years through the air
+with the thunder birds, flinging his deadly firespears at us, and it was
+for killing the son of Unktahe that he was last sent to earth, where he
+has already lived twice before.  Kill him while he sleeps and we will
+reward you."
+
+As Harpstenah went back to the village her prospective bridegroom ogled
+her as he sat smoking before his lodge, his face blackened and blanket
+torn in mourning for an enemy he had killed.  She resolved to heed the
+appeal of the manitou.  When Red Deer heard how she had been promised to
+the old conjurer, he was filled with rage.  Still, he became thoughtful
+and advised caution when she told him of the water spirit's counsel, for
+the dwellers in the lakes were, of all immortals, most deceitful, and
+had ever been enemies of the Dakotas.  "I will do as I am bidden," she
+said, sternly.  "Go away and visit the Tetons for a time.  It is now the
+moon of strawberries" (June), "but in the moon when we gather wild rice"
+(September) "return and I will be your wife."
+
+Red Deer obeyed, after finding that she would not elope with him, and
+with the announcement that he was going on a long hunt he took his leave
+of the village.  Harpstenah made ready for the bridal and greeted her
+future husband with apparent pleasure and submissiveness.  He gave a
+medicine feast in token of the removal of his mourning, and appeared in
+new clothing, greased and braided hair, and a white blanket decorated
+with a black hand--the record of a slain enemy.
+
+On the night before the wedding the girl creeps to his lodge, but
+hesitates when she sees his medicine-bag hanging beside the door--the
+medicine that has kept its owner from evil and is sacred from the touch
+of woman.  As she lingers the night-breeze seems to bring a voice from
+the water: "Can a Dakota woman want courage when she is forced to marry
+the man she hates?"
+
+She delays no longer.  A knife-blade glitters for an instant in the
+moonlight--and Cloudy Sky is dead.  Strange, is it not, that the thunder
+birds flap so heavily along the west at that moment and a peal of
+laughter sounds from the lake?  She washes the blood from the blade,
+steals to her father's lodge, and pretends to sleep.  In the morning she
+is loud in her grief when it is made known to her that the medicine-man
+was no more, and the doer of the deed is never discovered.  In time her
+wan face gets its color and when the leaves begin to fall Red Deer
+returns and weds her.
+
+They seem to be happy for a time, and have two sons who promise to be
+famous hunters, but consumption fastens on Red Deer and he dies far from
+the village.  The sons are shot by enemies, and while their bodies are
+on their way to Harpstenah's lodge she, too, is stricken dead by
+lightning.  The spirit of Cloudy Sky had rejoined the thunder birds,
+and the water manitou had promised falsely.
+
+
+
+
+                             PROVIDENCE HOLE
+
+The going of white men into the prairies aroused the same sort of
+animosity among the Indians that they have shown in other parts of the
+country when retiring before the advance of civilization, and many who
+tried to plant corn on the rolling lands of Iowa, though they did no
+harm to the red men, paid for the attempt with their lives.  Such was
+the fate of a settler who had built his cabin on the Wyoming hills, near
+Davenport.  While working in his fields an arrow, shot from a covert,
+laid him low, and his scalp was cut away to adorn the belt of a savage.
+His little daughter, left alone, began to suffer from fears and
+loneliness as the sun went lower and lower, and when it had come to its
+time of setting she put on her little bonnet and went in search of him.
+As she gained the slope where he had last been seen, an Indian lifted
+his head from the grass and looked at her.
+
+Starting back to run, she saw another behind her.  Escape seemed
+hopeless, and killing or captivity would have been her lot had not a
+crevice opened in the earth close to where she stood.  Dropping on hands
+and knees she hastily crawled in, and found herself in what seemed to be
+an extensive cavern.  Hardly had she time to note the character of the
+place when the gap closed as strangely as it had opened and she was left
+in darkness.  Not daring to cry aloud, lest Indians should hear her, she
+sat upright until her young eyes could keep open no longer; then, lying
+on a mossy rock, she fell asleep.  In the morning the sun was shining in
+upon her and the way to escape was open.  She ran home, hungry, but
+thankful, and was found and cared for by neighbors.  "Providence Hole"
+then passed into the legends of the country.  It has closed anew,
+however.
+
+
+
+
+                              THE SCARE CURE
+
+Early in this century a restless Yankee, who wore the uninspiring name
+of Tompkinson, found his way into Carondelet--or Vuide Poche, the French
+settlement on the Mississippi since absorbed by St. Louis--and cast
+about for something to do.  He had been in hard luck on his trip from
+New England to the great river.  His schemes for self-aggrandizement and
+the incidental enlightenment and prosperity of mankind had not thriven,
+and it was largely in pity that M. Dunois gave shelter to the ragged,
+half-starved, but still jaunty and resourceful adventurer.  Dunois was
+the one man in the place who could pretend to some education, and the
+two got on together famously.
+
+As soon as Tompkinson was in clothes and funds--the result of certain
+speculations--he took a house, and hung a shingle out announcing that
+there he practised medicine.  Now, the fellow knew less about doctoring
+than any village granny, but a few sick people that he attended had the
+rare luck to get well in spite of him, and his reputation expanded to
+more than local limits in consequence.  In the excess of spirits that
+prosperity created he flirted rather openly with a number of virgins in
+Carondelet, to the scandal of Dunois, who forbade him his house, and of
+the priest, who put him under ban.
+
+For the priest he cared nothing, but Dunois's anger was more serious--
+for the only maid of all that he really loved was Marie Dunois, his
+daughter.  He formally proposed for her, but the old man would not
+listen to him.  Then his "practice" fell away.  The future looked as
+dark for him as his recent past had been, until a woman came to him with
+a bone in her throat and begged to be relieved.  His method in such
+cases was to turn a wheel-of-fortune and obey it.  The arrow this time
+pointed to the word, "Bleeding."
+
+He grasped a scalpel and advanced upon his victim, who, supposing that
+he intended to cut her throat open to extract the obstacle, fell
+a-screaming with such violence that the bone flew out.  What was
+supposed to be his ready wit in this emergency restored him to
+confidence, and he was able to resume the practice that he needed so
+much.  In a couple of years he displayed to the wondering eyes of Dunois
+so considerable an accumulation of cash that he gave Marie to him almost
+without the asking, and, as Tompkinson afterward turned Indian trader
+and quadrupled his wealth by cheating the red men, he became one of the
+most esteemed citizens of the West.
+
+
+
+
+                         TWELFTH NIGHT AT CAHOKIA
+
+It was Twelfth Night, and the French village of Cahokia, near St.
+Louis, was pleasantly agitated at the prospect of a dance in the old
+court saloon, which was assembly-room and everything else for the little
+place.  The thirteen holy fires were alight--a large one, to represent
+Christ; a lesser one, to be trampled out by the crowd, typing Judas.
+The twelfth cake, one slice with the ring in it, was cut, and there were
+drink and laughter, but, as yet, no music.  Gwen Malhon, a drift-wood
+collector, was the most anxious to get over the delay, for he had begged
+a dance from Louison.  Louison Florian was pretty, not badly off in
+possessions and prospects, and her lover, Beaurain, had gone away.  She
+was beginning to look a little scornful and impatient, so Gwen set off
+for a fiddler.
+
+He had inquired at nearly every cabin without success, and was on his
+way toward the ferry when he heard music.  Before him, on the moonlit
+river, was a large boat, and near it, on the bank, he saw a company of
+men squatted about a fire and bousing together from a bottle.  At a
+little distance, on a stump, sat a thin, bent man, enveloped in a cloak,
+and it was he who played.  Gwen complimented him and pleaded the
+disappointment of the dancers in excuse of an urgent appeal that he
+should hurry with him to the court saloon.  The stranger was courteous.
+He sprang into the road with a limping bound, shook down his cloak so as
+to disclose a curled moustache, shaggy brows, a goat's beard, and a pair
+of glittering eyes.  "I'll give them a dance!"  he exclaimed.  "I know
+one tune.  They call it 'Returned from the Grave.'  Pay?  We'll see how
+you like my playing."
+
+On entering the room where the caperish youth were already shuffling in
+corners, the musician met Mamzel Florian, who offered him a slice of the
+cake.  He bent somewhat near to take it, and she gave a little cry.  He
+had found the ring, and that made him king of the festival, with the
+right to choose the prettiest girl as queen.  A long drink of red wine
+seemed to put him in the best of trim, and he began to fiddle with a
+verve that was irresistible.  In one minute the whole company--including
+the priest, some said--was jigging it lustily.  "Whew!" gasped one old
+fellow.  "It is the devil who plays.  Get some holy water and sprinkle
+the floor."
+
+Gwen watched the musician as closely as his labors would allow, for he
+did not like the way the fiddler had of looking at Louison, and he
+thought to himself that Louison never blushed so prettily for him.
+Forgetting himself when he saw the fiddler smile at the girl, he made a
+rush for the barrel where that artist was perched.  He bumped against a
+dancer and fell.  At that moment the light was put out and the hall rang
+with screams and laughter.  The tones of one voice sounded above the
+rest: "By right of the ring the girl is mine."
+
+"He has me," Louison was heard to say, yet seemingly not in fear.
+Lights were brought.  Louison and the fiddler were gone, the stranger's
+cloak and half of a false moustache were on the floor, while Gwen was
+jammed into the barrel and was kicking desperately to get out.  When
+released he rushed for the river-side where he had seen the boat.  Two
+figures flitted before him, but he lost sight of them, and in the
+silence and loneliness his choler began to cool.  Could it really have
+been the devil?  An owl hooted in the bush.  He went away in haste.
+There was a rumor in after years that Beaurain was an actor in a company
+that went up and down the great river on a barge, and that a woman who
+resembled Louison was also in the troupe.  But Gwen never told the story
+of his disappointment without crossing himself.
+
+
+
+
+                       THE SPELL OF CREVE CIUR LAKE
+
+Not far west of St.  Louis the Lake of Creve Coeur dimples in the
+breezes that bend into its basin of hills, and there, in summer, swains
+and maidens go to confirm their vows, for the lake has an influence to
+strengthen love and reunite contentious pairs.  One reason ascribed for
+the presence of this spell concerns a turbulent Peoria, ambitious of
+leadership and hungry for conquest, who fell upon the Chawanons at this
+place, albeit he was affianced to the daughter of their chief.  The girl
+herself, enraged at the treachery of the youngster, put herself at the
+head of her band--a dusky Joan of Arc,--and the fight waged so furiously
+that the combatants, what were left of them, were glad when night fell
+that they might crawl away to rest their exhausted bodies and nurse
+their wounds.  Neither tribe daring to invite a battle after that,
+hostilities were stopped, but some time later the young captain met the
+girl of his heart on the shore, and before the amazon could prepare for
+either fight or flight he had caught her in his arms.  They renewed
+their oaths of fidelity, and at the wedding the chief proclaimed eternal
+peace and blessed the waters they had met beside, the blessing being
+potent to this day.
+
+Another reason for the enchantments that are worked here may be that
+the lake is occupied by a demon-fish or serpent that crawls, slimy and
+dripping, through the underbrush, whenever it sees two lovers together,
+and listens to their words.  If the man prove faithless he would best
+beware of returning to this place, for the demon is lurking there to
+destroy him.  This monster imprisons the soul of an Ozark princess who
+flung herself into the lake when she learned that the son of the Spanish
+governor, who had vowed his love to her, had married a woman of his own
+rank and race in New Orleans.  So they call the lake Creve Coeur, or
+Broken Heart.  On the day after the suicide the Ozark chief gathered his
+men about him and paddled to the middle of the water, where he solemnly
+cursed his daughter in her death, and asked the Great Spirit to confine
+her there as a punishment for giving her heart to the treacherous white
+man, the enemy of his people.  The Great Spirit gave her the form in
+which she is occasionally seen, to warn and punish faithless lovers.
+
+
+
+
+                        HOW THE CRIME WAS REVEALED
+
+In 1853 a Hebrew peddler, whose pack was light and his purse was full,
+asked leave to pass the night at the house of Daniel Baker, near
+Lebanon, Missouri.  The favor was granted, and that was the last seen
+of Samuel Moritz; although, when some neighbors shook their heads and
+wondered how it was that Baker was so well in funds, there were others
+who replied that it was impossible to keep track of peddlers, and that
+if Moritz wanted to start on his travels early in the morning, or to
+return to St.  Louis for goods, it mattered to nobody.  On an evening in
+1860 when there was a mist in the gullies and a new moon hung in the
+west, Rev. Mr. Cummings, a clergyman of that region, was driving home,
+and as he came to a bridge near "old man" Baker's farm he saw a man
+standing on it, with a pack on his back and a stick in his hand, who was
+staring intently at something beneath the bridge.  The clergyman greeted
+him cheerily and asked him if he would like to ride, whereat the man
+looked him in the face and pointed to the edge of the bridge.  Mr.
+Cummings glanced down, saw nothing, and when he looked up again the man
+with the pack had disappeared.  His horse at the same moment gave a
+snort and plunged forward at a run, so that the clergyman's attention
+was fully occupied until he had brought the animal under control again;
+when he glanced back and saw that the man was still standing in the
+bridge and looking over the edge of it.  The minister told his neighbors
+of this adventure, and on returning with two of them to the spot next
+morning they found the body of old man Baker swinging by the neck from a
+beam of the bridge exactly beneath where the apparition had stood--for
+it must have been an apparition, inasmuch as the dust, damped though it
+had been with dew, showed no trace of footprint.  In taking down the
+body the men loosened the earth on a shelving bank, and the gravel
+rolling away disclosed a skeleton with some bits of clothing on it that
+were identified as belongings of Samuel Moritz.  Was it conscience,
+craziness, or fate that led old man Baker to hang himself above the
+grave of his victim?
+
+
+
+
+                         BANSHEE OF THE BAD LANDS
+
+"Hell, with the fires out," is what the Bad Lands of Dakota have been
+called.  The fearless Western nomenclature fits the place.  It is an
+ancient sea-bottom, with its clay strata worn by frost and flood into
+forms like pagodas, pyramids, and terraced cities.  Labyrinthine canons
+wind among these fantastic peaks, which are brilliant in color, but
+bleak, savage, and oppressive.  Game courses over the castellated hills,
+rattlesnakes bask at the edge of the crater above burning coal seams,
+and wild men have made despairing stand here against advancing
+civilization.  It may have been the white victim of a red man's jealousy
+that haunts the region of the butte called "Watch Dog," or it may have
+been an Indian woman who was killed there, but there is a banshee in the
+desert whose cries have chilled the blood that would not have cooled at
+the sight of a bear or panther.  By moonlight, when the scenery is most
+suggestive and unearthly, and the noises of wolves and owls inspire
+uneasy feelings, the ghost is seen on a hill a mile south of the Watch
+Dog, her hair blowing, her arms tossing in strange gestures.
+
+If war parties, emigrants, cowboys, hunters, any who for good or ill are
+going through this country, pass the haunted butte at night, the rocks
+are lighted with phosphor flashes and the banshee sweeps upon them.  As
+if wishing to speak, or as if waiting a question that it has occurred to
+none to ask, she stands beside them in an attitude of appeal, but if
+asked what she wants she flings her arms aloft and with a shriek that
+echoes through the blasted gulches for a mile she disappears and an
+instant later is seen wringing her hands on her hill-top.  Cattle will
+not graze near the haunted butte and the cowboys keep aloof from it, for
+the word has never been spoken that will solve the mystery of the region
+or quiet the unhappy banshee.
+
+The creature has a companion, sometimes, in an unfleshed skeleton that
+trudges about the ash and clay and haunts the camps in a search for
+music.  If he hears it he will sit outside the door and nod in time to
+it, while a violin left within his reach is eagerly seized and will be
+played on through half the night.  The music is wondrous: now as soft as
+the stir of wind in the sage, anon as harsh as the cry of a wolf or
+startling as the stir of a rattler.  As the east begins to brighten the
+music grows fainter, and when it is fairly light it has ceased
+altogether.  But he who listens to it must on no account follow the
+player if the skeleton moves away, for not only will it lead him into
+rocky pitfalls, whence escape is hopeless, but when there the music will
+intoxicate, madden, and will finally charm his soul from his body.
+
+
+
+
+                              STANDING ROCK
+
+The stone that juts from one of the high banks of the Missouri, in South
+Dakota, gives its name to the Standing Rock Agency, which, by reason of
+many councils, treaties, fights, feasts, and dances held there, is the
+best known of the frontier posts.  It was a favorite gathering place of
+the Sioux before the advent of the white man.  The rock itself is only
+twenty-eight inches high and fifteen inches wide, and could be plucked
+up and carried away without difficulty, but no red man is brave enough
+to do that, for this is the transformed body of a squaw who was struck
+into stone by Manitou for falsely suspecting her husband of
+unfaithfulness.
+
+After her transformation she not only remained sentient but acquired
+supernatural powers that the Sioux propitiated by offerings of beads,
+tobacco, and ribbons, paint, fur, and game--a practice that was not
+abandoned until the teachings of missionaries began to have effect among
+them.  Soldiers and trappers think the story an ingenious device to
+prevent too close inquiry into the lives of some of the nobility of the
+tribe.  The Arickarees, however, regard this stone as the wife of one of
+their braves, who was so pained and mortified when her husband took a
+second wife that she went out into the prairie and neither ate nor drank
+until she died, when the Great Spirit turned her into the Standing
+Stone.  The squaws still resort to it in times of domestic trouble.
+
+
+
+
+                              THE SALT WITCH
+
+A pillar of snowy salt once stood on the Nebraska plain, about forty
+miles above the point where the Saline flows into the Platte, and white
+men used to hear of it as the Salt Witch.  An Indian tribe was for a
+long time quartered at the junction of the rivers, its chief a man of
+blood and muscle in whom his people gloried, but so fierce, withal, that
+nobody made a companion of him except his wife, who alone could check
+his tigerish rages.
+
+In sooth, he loved her so well that on her death he became a recluse and
+shut himself within his lodge, refusing to see anybody.  This mood
+endured with him so long that mutterings were heard in the tribe and
+there was talk of choosing another chief.  Some of this talk he must
+have heard, for one morning he emerged in war-dress, and without a word
+to any one strode across the plain to westward.  On returning a full
+month later he was more communicative and had something unusual to
+relate.  He also proved his prowess by brandishing a belt of fresh
+scalps before the eyes of his warriors, and he had also brought a lump
+of salt.
+
+He told them that after travelling far over the prairie he had thrown
+himself on the earth to sleep, when he was aroused by a wailing sound
+close by.  In the light of a new moon he saw a hideous old woman
+brandishing a tomahawk over the head of a younger one, who was kneeling,
+begging for mercy, and trying to shake off the grip from her throat.
+The sight of the women, forty miles from the village, so surprised the
+chief that he ran toward them.  The younger woman made a desperate
+effort to free herself, but in vain, as it seemed, for the hag wound her
+left hand in her hair while with the other she raised the axe and was
+about to strike.
+
+At that moment the chief gained a view of the face of the younger woman-
+it was that of his dead wife.  With a snarl of wrath he leaped upon the
+hag and buried his own hatchet in her brain, but before he could catch
+his wife in his arms the earth had opened and both women disappeared,
+but a pillar of salt stood where he had seen this thing.  For years the
+Indians maintained that the column was under the custody of the Salt
+Witch, and when they went there to gather salt they would beat the
+ground with clubs, believing that each blow fell upon her person and
+kept her from working other evil.
+
+
+
+
+
+*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK MYTHS-LEGENDS, BY SKINNER, V6 ***
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+*END THE SMALL PRINT! FOR PUBLIC DOMAIN EBOOKS*Ver.02/11/02*END*
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+++ b/old/cs06w10.zip