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diff --git a/old/66047-h/66047-h.htm b/old/66047-h/66047-h.htm deleted file mode 100644 index 38447a1..0000000 --- a/old/66047-h/66047-h.htm +++ /dev/null @@ -1,1440 +0,0 @@ -<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" - "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> -<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en"> - <head> - <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=utf-8" /> - <meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css" /> - - <title> - The Continent of the Future, by William Coppinger—A Project Gutenberg eBook - </title> - - <link rel="coverpage" href="images/cover.jpg" /> - - <style type="text/css"> - -/* DACSoft styles */ - -body { - margin-left: 10%; - margin-right: 10%; -} - -/* General headers */ -h1 { - font-weight: bold; - text-align: center; /* all headings centered */ - page-break-before: always; - clear: both; -} - -/* Chapter headers */ -h2 { - text-align: center; - font-weight: bold; - margin: .75em 0; -} - -div.chapter { - page-break-before: always; -} - -h2.nobreak { - page-break-before: avoid; -} - -/* Indented paragraph */ -p { - margin-top: .51em; - margin-bottom: .49em; - text-align: justify; - text-indent: 1em; -} - -/* Unindented paragraph */ -.noi {text-indent: 0em;} - -/* Centered unindented paragraph */ -.noic { - text-indent: 0em; - text-align: center; -} - -/* Non-standard paragraph margins */ -.p2 {margin-top: 2em;} -.p6 {margin-top: 6em;} - -/* Horizontal rules */ -hr { - width: 33%; - margin-top: 2em; - margin-bottom: 2em; - margin-left: 33.5%; - margin-right: 33.5%; - clear: both; -} - -hr.chap { - width: 65%; - margin-left: 17.5%; - margin-right: 17.5%; -} - -hr.r30 { - width: 30%; - margin-left: 35%; - margin-right: 35%; - margin-top: 2em; - margin-bottom: 2em; -} - -/* Tables */ -table { - margin-left: auto; - margin-right: auto; -} - -/* Table cell alignments */ -.tdl {text-align: left;} -.tdr {text-align: right;} -.tdc {text-align: center;} - -th { - font-weight: normal; -} - -/* Physical book page and line numbers */ -.pagenum { /* uncomment the next line for invisible page numbers */ - /* visibility: hidden; */ - position: absolute; - right: 3%; -/* left: 92%; */ - font-size: x-small; - font-style: normal; - font-weight: normal; - font-variant: normal; - text-align: right; - color: gray; -} /* page numbers */ - -/* Text appearance */ -.smcap {font-variant: small-caps;} - -/* Small fonts and lowercase small-caps */ -.smfont { - font-size: .8em; -} - -/* Illustration caption */ -.caption { - font-size: .75em; - font-weight: bold; -} - -/* Images */ -img { - max-width: 100%; /* no image to be wider than screen or containing div */ - height:auto; /* keep height in proportion to width */ -} - -.figcenter { - margin: auto; - text-align: center; - page-break-inside: avoid; - max-width: 90%; /* div no wider than screen, even when screen is narrow */ -} - -/* Footnotes and sidenotes */ -.footnote {margin-left: 10%; margin-right: 10%; font-size: 0.9em;} - -.footnote .label { - position: absolute; - right: 84%; - text-align: right; - text-decoration: none; -} - -.fnanchor { - vertical-align: super; - font-size: .65em; - text-decoration: none; - white-space: nowrap; -} - -/* Poetry */ -.poetry { - display: block; - text-align: left; - margin-left: 10%; - margin-right: 10%; -} - -.poetry .stanza {margin: 1em auto;} - -.poetry .verse { - padding-left: 3em; - text-indent: -3em; -} - -/* Poetry indents */ -.poetry .indent0 {padding-left: 3em;} -.poetry .indent1 {padding-left: 3.5em;} -.poetry .indent3 {padding-left: 4.5em;} - -/* Transcriber's notes */ -.tnote { - background-color: #E6E6FA; - margin-left: 10%; - margin-right: 10%; - padding: .5em; -} - -.tntitle { - font-size: 1.25em; - font-weight: bold; - text-align: center; - clear: both; -} - -/* Title page borders and content. */ -.subtitle { - font-size: 1.25em; - text-align: center; - clear: both; -} - - </style> - </head> -<body> - -<div style='text-align:center; font-size:1.2em; font-weight:bold'>The Project Gutenberg eBook of The Continent of the Future:, by William Coppinger</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and -most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms -of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online -at <a href="https://www.gutenberg.org">www.gutenberg.org</a>. If you -are not located in the United States, you will have to check the laws of the -country where you are located before using this eBook. -</div> - -<p style='display:block; margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:0; margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em'>Title: The Continent of the Future:</p> -<p style='display:block; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:1em; margin-left:2em; text-indent:0;'>Africa and Its Wonderful Development--Exploration, Gold Mining, Trade, Missions and Elevation</p> - -<div style='display:block; margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:1em; margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em'>Author: William Coppinger</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'>Release Date: August 11, 2021 [eBook #66047]</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'>Language: English</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'>Character set encoding: UTF-8</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em'>Produced by: hekula03, Donald Cummings and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images generously made available by the Library of Congress)</div> - -<div style='margin-top:2em; margin-bottom:4em'>*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE CONTINENT OF THE FUTURE: ***</div> - - -<div class="figcenter" id="cover"> - <img src="images/cover.jpg" alt="cover" title="cover" /> -</div> - - - - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<h1><big>T</big><small>he </small><big>C</big><small>ontinent of the </small><big>F</big><small>uture.</small></h1> - - -<p class="p6 noic">HAMPTON, VA.:<br /> -<i>Normal School Steam Press.</i><br /> -1881.</p> - - - - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter"> -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_1">[1]</span></p> - -<h2 class="nobreak" id="CONTINENT">THE CONTINENT OF THE FUTURE.</h2> -</div> - -<p class="noi subtitle">AFRICA AND ITS WONDERFUL DEVELOPMENT—EXPLORATION, -GOLD MINING, TRADE, MISSIONS AND ELEVATION.</p> - -<hr class="r30" /> - -<p>The tide of modern civilization and religious development -is sweeping round the globe. With the rapid advance of India, -the unparalleled strides of Japan, and the steady progress of China to -the new era, Africa is about to reveal its long-kept secrets and its possibilities -of contributing to the elevation of its inhabitants and the -welfare of the world. Commerce, capital, science, philanthropy, and -religion have joined hands to penetrate the mysterious land and cast -light on its gloomiest portions. Africa is very nearly everywhere regarded -as the continent of the future.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Governmental.</span>—France seems about to absorb Tunis and Tripoli, -and to unite Algeria to her Senegal possessions. The Chambers -have voted eight millions of francs ($1,600,000) for two railroads: (1) -from Algiers to Timbuctoo, across the Sahara, and (2) from Saint Louis, -Senegal, to Bamaka and Sego. Two millions of francs ($400,000) have -also been appropriated for the construction of a telegraph line from -Dakar to Saint Vincent, to place Senegal in telegraphic connection -with Europe. A loan is proposed of forty-five millions of francs ($9,000,000) -for the formation of three hundred villages and the introduction -of two hundred thousand colonists into Algeria. This expanding -colony is just fifty years old. In 1830, the total exports and imports -did not amount to two million francs, ($400,000.) They have -now reached three hundred and sixty-five million francs, ($63,100,000.)</p> - -<p>M. Soleillet and M. Doponchel give the result of their long and -thorough reconnoissance as highly favorable to the project of crossing -the Sahara by steam, and they describe the desert as far more fertile -than is commonly believed. The latter says: “What is being so -successfully accomplished by England in India, by the United States -in North America, and by Russia in Central Asia, that should we try -to do in emulation of their example—seek a continent whereon to -extend our beneficent influence, and find, by the employment of our<span class="pagenum" id="Page_2">[2]</span> -idle capital, at once a new market for the products of our industries -and manufactures, and a vast centre of agricultural production, able -to supply us, at small cost, with the raw materials not indigenous to -our soil, which we now only obtain with difficulty from foreign sources.”</p> - -<p>The expedition under Gallieni is stated to have reached Saint -Louis from Timbuctoo, having completed a survey for a railroad between -those points, which is pronounced to be entirely feasible. He -met with a friendly reception, and formed treaties with numerous -tribes, whereby France is granted a right of way, and may establish -ambassadorial or military representatives at the proposed principal -stations. M. Matheis has been commissioned by the French Government -to explore the country from the bend of the Niger to Lake -Tchad. M. L. Vassian, an attache of the French Department for Foreign -Affairs, is to reside for a time at Khartoum, to study the nature of -the commercial relations to be formed with Soudan.</p> - -<p>At a conference at Paris in relation to the territories between Sierra -Leone and the Gambia, it is understood that the decision reached -was that the French are to retain the Mellacouri and the English the -Scarcies. The newly appointed Governor of Sierra Leone, Arthur Elibank -Havelock, Esq., was one of the representatives of the British -Government at the conference.</p> - -<p>Portugal is actively caring for her extensive African domain. -The Governor-General of Angola has been directed to organize a system -of colonization in that province, by selecting a region best adapted -for its salubrity, fertility of soil, abundance of water, and facility -of communication, and to prepare accommodations for one hundred -colonists and their families, an emigration having begun from -Madeira. Lorenzo Marquez, the port of Delagoa Bay, has been ceded -to Great Britain. It is the best harbor on the south-eastern coast, -while its geographical relation to Natal, Zululand and the -Transvaal makes its possession of importance to England. -The latter guarantees to Portugal the exclusive right to the -territory between the Ambriz and Congo rivers. The concession made -by the Portuguese Government to the Andrada Land Company, extending -from the Shire to the Kafrio, at Nyampanga Island, about -seven hundred miles, is in course of examination by a party of French -mining engineers. The Commercial Association of Lisbon is raising -funds by subscription to be offered to the Government to co-operate -with it in the foundation of civilizing stations in the Portuguese African -colonies.</p> - -<p>Spain is meditating a protectorate of Morocco. Messrs. Bolliglia, -Mamoli and Pastori, of the “Italian Society for Promoting Commercial<span class="pagenum" id="Page_3">[3]</span> -Exploration in Africa,” have left Tripoli to examine the elevated -plain of Barka and to found trading posts at Bengasi, Derna and Tebreck, -and afterwards others on the oasis bordering the road to Uadai -and Bornu. The Italian Government has contributed generously to -outfit the expedition. The same Society has dispatched M. Demeitri -and M. Michieli from Khartoum for the Red Sea, with a caravan -of seven hundred camels laden with various kinds of merchandise -for trade. The Egyptian Government has sent the learned Rohlfs to -the King of Abyssinia to arrange mutual relations on a friendly basis. -The Sultan of Zanzibar has engaged the intrepid Thomson to conduct -a geographical investigation of the Rovouma.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">The Slave Trade.</span>—It is estimated that fifty thousand natives -are annually conveyed to the Turkish and Egyptian ports of the Red -Sea, where they are disposed of to dealers. The Sultan of Zanzibar -has dispatched an armed force of five hundred men, commanded by -an officer detailed from the British Army, in the direction of Lake -Tanganyika, and the British Government is to establish consuls at -Suakin and Khartoum, with authority to travel in Egypt and on the Red -Sea, “to heal the open sore of the world.” The French Government is -to make earnest efforts and to co-operate with England in all measures -having in view the same humane object. The Khedive has appointed -Comte Della Salla to the special office of repressing the -slave traffic in lower Egypt. It is to be regretted that at the Berlin -Congress in 1878, which afforded an excellent opportunity for concerting -a treaty on slavery between the Powers of Europe, this good -result was rendered impossible by the action of the English representatives.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Explorations.</span>—In the exploration of Africa the Germans keep -the lead, of which almost nothing is known until they appear after -an absence of a few years, with a fund of knowledge that is astonishing. -Witness, for instance, the apparition of Lenz from a journey -from Morocco to Timbuctoo, and thence to Medina and St. Louis. -This famous traveler reports passing through towns of from ten to -thirty thousand inhabitants, and of having made discoveries which -explode the theory of converting the Sahara into an ocean. He states -that the most depressed portion of El Juff, the body of the desert, is -some five hundred feet above the level of the sea, and that there -exist in several oases points which promise to be of great utility for -the proposed Sahara railway.</p> - -<p>Dr. Pogge is penetrating the country inland from St. Paul de Loando, -the German Government having asked for him the protection -of the Portuguese Government in its African jurisdiction. Dr. Holub,<span class="pagenum" id="Page_4">[4]</span> -who has made interesting researches on the Zambesi, intends to cross -the continent from south to north. Starting from the Cape of Good -Hope he is to strike the Zambesi, thence the watershed district between -that river and the Congo, and on to Egypt through Darfur.</p> - -<p>Dr. Stocker is exploring Lake Toana. M. Piaggia is traversing Soudan, -south of Khartoum, between the Blue and White Nile, M. Lombard, -corresponding secretary of the Normandy Society of Geography, -has entered on a scientific mission to Abyssinia. M. J. Chouver, -a Hollander of fortune and experience as a traveler, has reached the -Galla country on his way to the Cape of Good Hope. Capt. Ferreira, -Governor of Benguela, and several officers of the army, have offered -their services to the Geographical Society of Lisbon for a Portuguese -expedition across Africa, starting from the West Coast. M. Antusa -is organizing a commercial station at Zomba, where he is to be joined -by workmen whom the Portuguese Government has promised to furnish -to erect buildings. The learned Dr. Schweinfurth has returned -from a visit to the Island of Socotra, off the coast of Aden, and affirms -that it is very fertile, with a splendid and varied vegetation. One-fourth -of its plants are peculiar to the locality.</p> - -<p>M. Moustier, who in 1879, with M. Zweifel, discovered the source -of the Niger, is again to start from Freetown on a trading venture and -to fix the exact geographical position of “the rise of the mysterious river.” -Lieut. Dumbleton and Surgeon Browning, R. A., are in charge of -an expedition to penetrate, by the Gambia, into the valley of the -Niger to Timbuctoo. Dr. Gouldsbury lately led an exploring -party from the river Gambia, via Timbo and Port Lokko, to Sierra -Leone, the outlay for which from the colonial treasury was -£2,400, ($12,000.)</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">The Congo.</span>—The illustrious Stanley has reached his second -station on the Congo, Isangila, about 30 miles above Vivi, which point -was gained only after faithful but weary toil, and against every kind -of difficulty. He was obliged to throw bridges across the streams, -open, hatchet in hand, a route across dense forests, blow up rocks; -leading the way with a group of pioneers, and after advancing a -little, to make a halt, pitch a camp, then go back to bring by instalments -the rest of the convoy, till all were united. Count de Brazza -has ascended the Ogowe to its headwaters, reaching thereby -the sources of several of the affluents of the Congo. Descending -one of these, the Alima, partly along the shore and partly by -boats, he struck the Congo below Stanley Pool, and coming down -the river he met Stanley. It is suggested that a more practicable -route to the interior than that by the lower Congo may be opened by<span class="pagenum" id="Page_5">[5]</span> -the Ogowe and the streams which rise near its source. The Count is -again to descend the Alima, this time in a transportable steam launch, -and then to make a thorough examination of the valley of the Congo—the -area of which is estimated to be four times that of France.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Telegraphic.</span>—Telegraphic communication has been established -between Elmina and Cape Coast. The Portuguese Commissioner of -Public Works has constructed in Angola a telegraphic line from St. -Paul de Loando to Dondo and Calcullo. Preparations are making -for its extension. The French Government proposes to connect Tunis -with Corsica by cable. A third cable has been laid from Marseilles to -Algiers. A second telegraphic line is in operation between Algeria -and Tunis.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Gold Mines.</span>—Six companies are working on the Gold Coast -with encouraging prospects. Improved machinery has been shipped -by the African Company, and its mine is reported to be one of extraordinary -richness. The success of the Gold Coast Company places it -in the highest rank of gold mine enterprise. At meetings of the Effuenta -Company (July 7 and 21) resolutions were adopted to create an -additional two thousand shares of £5 each, ($25,) to be distributed -among the existing shareholders proportional to their present holding. -The number of shares applied for was more than double the -amount to be issued. The Akankoo Gold Coast Company—a new -organization—has acquired territory on the borders of the river Ancobra, -and the celebrated Cameron has been engaged to open up the -property. The British authorities have placed a civil commandant -with a police force at Tacquah. Much of the delay experienced in -the production of the precious metal is attributed in some cases to error -of management, perhaps unavoidable, and in all to the many difficulties -encountered in an almost unknown region, with the additional -disadvantages of a very unhealthy climate for Europeans.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Financial.</span>—A prospectus has appeared for the establishment of -“The Bank of West Africa,” capital £500,000, ($2,500,000,) in fifty -thousand shares of £10 each, ($50.) The chief office is to be in London, -with branches at Sierra Leone and Lagos. The shares of the -Standard Bank of South Africa, £25, ($125,) paid, are quoted at 57, -and the dividends paid for the last two years have been sixteen per -cent. Postal money order offices have been opened between Sierra -Leone and the Gambia, at the rate of three shillings (75 cents) per -£10, ($50.)</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Commercial.</span>—Africa contains resources upon which large portions -of the enlightened world will in no very remote future be dependent, -and it possesses the very highest capacity for the consumption<span class="pagenum" id="Page_6">[6]</span> -of many of the productions of civilization. One of the marked -developments is the numerous orders for utensils and simple machinery -of various kinds, to be worked by hand or with light power, and -for mechanical tools and agricultural implements. The business is -already extensive and is likely to be of immense magnitude. Dr. Holub -describes Prince Sechele, chief of the Bechuanas, as living in a -grand abode, which he had erected in European style, at a cost of $15,000. -Khartoum is making astonishing progress. Magnificent stores -have been built within the last three years, and everything in modern -civilization can now be had there. The Northwest Company is extending -commerce at Cape Juby. The security afforded since -the “annexation” by England of Lagos has powerfully helped -it to become the “Liverpool of Africa.” The declared value of its exports -in 1878 was £577,346, ($2,886,730.) The number, tonnage, &c., -of steam vessels which entered Lagos in the same year is thus given:</p> - -<table border="0" cellpadding="5" summary="Vessels"> -<col style="width: 35%;" /> -<col style="width: 20%;" /> -<col style="width: 25%;" /> -<col style="width: 20%;" /> -<tr> -<th class="tdl">Nationality.</th> -<th class="tdr">Steamers.</th> -<th class="tdr">Tonnage.</th> -<th class="tdr">Crews.</th> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">British</td> -<td class="tdr">144</td> -<td class="tdr">141,590</td> -<td class="tdr">5,746</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">German</td> -<td class="tdr">72</td> -<td class="tdr">4,251</td> -<td class="tdr">1,177</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl"> </td> -<td class="tdr">――</td> -<td class="tdr">――――</td> -<td class="tdr">―――</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdc">Totals</td> -<td class="tdr">216</td> -<td class="tdr">145,841</td> -<td class="tdr">6,293</td> -</tr> -</table> - -<p>“The Lagos Warehouse and Commission Company,” capital £50,000, -($250,000) in £5 ($25) shares, has been formed, for the purpose of -founding a wholesale warehouse at Lagos, and, when desirable, at other -important points on the West Coast. Thus a native merchant will -be put in possession of two thirds of the net value of his consignment -immediately the Company is in possession of his produce, and he will -be enabled to have all his produce realized in the home market.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Steamers.</span>—Twenty-five years ago it took a passenger from the -United States one hundred and thirty days to reach Corisco; now a -trip via Liverpool of about a month, in a palace compared with the -pent-up quarters of a sailing ship, and tables furnish with luxuries instead -of ringing the changes of salt beef and hard bread from day to -day. Twenty-eight steamships afford weekly communication between -Liverpool and the West Coast. The vessels of “the African Steamship -Company” are named as follows: Africa, Akassa, Ambriz, Benin, -Biafra, Ethiopia, Landana, Mayumba, Nubia, Opobo, Whydah and -Winnebah, and those of “the British and African Steam Navigation -Company” bear the following names: Benguela, Bonny, Cameroon, -Congo, Corisco, Dodo, Forcades, Formoso, Gaboon, Kinsembo, Loando, -Lualaba, Ramos, Roquelle, Senegal and Volta. “The West African -Steam Navigation Company” also employ a number of steamships -in the West African trade. Messrs. Rubattino & Co. announce -their intention to put on several steamers between Genoa and Bengasi. -Not a steamer from the United States to Africa!</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_7">[7]</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter" id="i_p007"> - <img src="images/i_p007.jpg" alt="" title="" /> - <div class="caption"> - <p class="noic">MAP OF AFRICAN EXPLORATIONS DOWN TO AUGUST, 1877.</p> - <div class="noic x-ebookmaker-drop"> - [<a id="i_p007_lrg" href="images/i_p007_lrg.jpg" rel="nofollow">click - here for high resolution map</a>] - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_8">[8]</span></p> - -<p>A company has been formed in New York for “the establishment -of a line of steamships for passengers, mail and freight, between New -York, Madeira, St. Thomas and Teneriffe, Cape de Verde, the Western -Islands, the Canary Islands, and the ports of the West Coast of -Africa.” The capital stock is $100,000; and may be increased to $4,000,000; -shares $100. Such a line would open cheap and rapid communication -between the Liberian Republic and our own, furnishing -facilities for the thousands of people of color who desire to obtain an -expansive field for their energies, and bringing to our market the valuable -staples of its productive soil. In relation to this important project -an experienced missionary writes: “Often, during these twenty -years, I have been surprised at the apparent indifference of American -capitalists and ship owners to the share that they might have obtained -in the profits of the African trade, other than slaves. I have -seen two English lines of steamers (the South and the West, having -their termini respectively at the Cape of Good Hope and the mouth -of the Niger) develop by rich opposition to five, and the termini of -three of them extended from the Niger down to the Congo-Livingstone, -and literally every nation of Europe engaged in their profits, -while America has scarcely a showing.” A subsidy or liberal legislation -by Congress is counted upon before additional steps in this enterprise -are taken. And among other public action tending to success is the -creation and appointment of consuls at the Gold Coast, Lagos and -Bonny; and vice-consuls at smaller points between Monrovia and the -Niger, to be under the supervision of the Minister Resident to Liberia.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Railroad Survey.</span>—While the United States flagship Ticonderoga, -Commodore Shufeldt, was on the West African coast, two of her -officers, Lieut. Drake and Master Vreeland, assisted by eleven men -from the ship and twenty-seven natives furnished by the Liberian -Government, made a survey of the St. Paul’s river, and ran a line of -levels along its northern bank and some distance inland, to determine -the feasibility of constructing a railroad to connect Monrovia with -the Soudan Valley, via Boporo. This reconnoissance proved that the -engineering difficulties would be comparatively trifling. There is no -doubt that Monrovia would be the most available point for the -starting of such a road, as it would pass through an entirely virgin -country and penetrate to a salubrious region, whose resources for -trade, known to be prodigious, are as yet untouched. Such a connection -with the interior, with the various appliances of civilization<span class="pagenum" id="Page_9">[9]</span> -which must follow it, would be one of the most effective agencies for -promoting a vigorous colonization of the immigrants, who would at -once reach a healthy and fertile district, and it would prove a great -practical power in the advancement of missionary work, and immediately -become an important auxiliary in developing and controlling an -immense and valuable commerce.</p> - -<p>This reconnoissance was the first made in that quarter, and it has -done much toward bringing the interior tribes into commercial and -friendly relations with the Liberians. Other surveys were conducted -by the same bold and public-spirited officers, including that of the -Sugaree and Marfa rivers. The presence of the Ticonderoga and -Commodore Shufeldt will long be pleasantly remembered, and good -continue to result. This accomplished officer, in a letter dated April -6, 1881, remarks: “In view of the many failures which have been recorded -in every age of the world, Liberia may be regarded as a success. -* * * This, the first effort of the African race to establish a -free government upon its own soil, merits and should receive the -sympathy and encouragement of every man, woman and child in -America.”</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Liberia Coffee.</span>—The species of coffee which is indigenous to -Liberia promises to have an important influence on the industry of -those countries in which the coffee blight has almost extinguished the -Arabian coffee plant. In Dominica, W. I., the Liberia coffee, from -seedlings planted in 1874, has proved impervious to the ravages of the -blight, and its productiveness is a matter of astonishment. The -stranger is described as “much larger than that of Arabia, being, indeed, -in its native state a small tree, its leaves much larger; the berries -are twice the size of the ordinary coffee bean, and the -flavor is excellent.” The Liberia coffee seed has been introduced -into Ceylon, and Liberian coffee from that isle commands a much -higher price than the Ceylon, (Arabian) coffee. The bark -Elverton took from Liberia to Rio de Janeiro some one hundred -thousand coffee plants and fifty thousand pounds of coffee seed, -and returning to Monrovia, readily obtained a similar cargo for the -same parties in Brazil. A German trading firm is extending the -coffee culture a short distance inland, near the Gaboon, with scions -procured in Liberia. The Republic is in its infancy with regard to the -cultivation of the far-famed berry. The crop last year is said to have -reached a half million of pounds.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Mohammedanism.</span>—Enthusiastic propagandists of Islam, without -commission or compensation of any kind, but trusting wholly to that -hospitality which is the pride of the Oriental, pass from village to village<span class="pagenum" id="Page_10">[10]</span> -reading the Koran and giving instructions to wondering groups -of natives. Whole tribes are stated to be converted to the Mohammedan -faith. The eminent scholar and writer, Rev. Dr. Blyden,<a id="FNanchor_1" href="#Footnote_1" class="fnanchor">[*]</a> says: -“Africans are continually going to and fro between the Atlantic Ocean -and the Red Sea. I have met in Liberia and in its eastern frontiers, Mohammedan -Negroes born in Mecca, the holy city of Arabia, who thought -they were telling of nothing extraordinary when they were detailing the -incidents of their journey, and of the journey of their friends, from the -banks of the Niger—from the neighborhood of Sierra Leone and Liberia—across -the continent to Egypt, Arabia and Jerusalem. I saw in Cairo -and Jerusalem, some years ago, West Africans who had come on business -and on religious pilgrimage from their distant homes in Senegambia.” -The promoters of Christianity are using these native travelers -and missionaries of the false prophet. Copies of the Holy Scriptures -in Arabic, printed at Beyrout, are sent to Egypt and for circulation -in the Delta and along the valley of the Nile, and to Liberia, whence -they are distributed among the inhabitants of vast outstretching -realms whose vernacular is the Arabic.</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p class="noi"><a id="Footnote_1" href="#FNanchor_1" class="label">[*]</a> Liberal use has been made of the writings of this gifted Negro, and of the pages of -the Missionary Herald, of Boston, Foreign Missionary, of New York, African Times, of -London, and L’Afrique, of Geneva.</p> - -</div> - -<p><span class="smcap">Population.</span>—The population of Africa, exclusive of its Islands, -is estimated by Dr. Behm, in Peterman’s “Mittheilungen,” at 201,787,000. -Of these the number of Protestant communicants in the various -colonial and mission churches was reported in 1880 as 122,700; the -number composing the communities connected with these churches -506,966; the number of Jews, 350,000; of Coptic, Abyssinian and similar -Christians, 4,535,000; of Mohammedans, 51,170,000; of heathen, -145,225,000.</p> - -<p>To carry the gospel to these millions, sixty four societies are at -work. In South Africa and the colonies and Sierra Leone and Liberia -there are connected with colonial churches 468 ministers, evangelists -and teachers, of whom 54 are natives. The other white missionaries -and teachers on the continent, are reported as 662, with 1095 -natives, making 1757 mission workers proper, and 2,255 ministers, -missionaries and teachers of all kinds, engaged in religious labors.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_11">[11]</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter" id="i_p011"> - <img src="images/i_p011.jpg" alt="" title="" /> - <div class="caption"> - <p class="noic">MAP OF EXPLORATIONS SINCE AUGUST, 1877.</p> - <div class="noic x-ebookmaker-drop"> - [<a id="i_p011_lrg" href="images/i_p011_lrg.jpg" rel="nofollow">click - here for high resolution map</a>] - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_12">[12]</span></p> - -<p>The population of Liberia, including Medina, may be 1,400,000. -The largest proportion of the natives are Mohammedans, perhaps -1,000,000. There are 26 Baptist churches, reporting 24 ministers and -1,928 communicants. The Protestant Episcopal Church of the United -States reports one bishop and 31 others, missionaries, teachers and -assistants, 361 communicants, 597 Sunday-school scholars and 415 in -day and boarding-schools. The report of the Methodist Episcopal -Church of the United States, gives 25 ministers, 10 assistants, 4 native -preachers and 47 local preachers and teachers, 2,200 members, 1,831 -Sabbath-school scholars and 300 day scholars. The American Presbyterian -Church (North) reports 9 missionaries and assistants, 270 communicants, -and 65 pupils in schools. Total 104 ministers, assistants and -teachers reported, 4,759 communicants, 2,428 Sabbath-school scholars -and 780 day pupils.</p> - -<p>It is a suggestive truth that a few only of the “104 ministers, assistants -and teachers” laboring in Liberia were sent by missionary societies, -but that nearly all of them were sent or are the children of men sent -by the American Colonization Society as emigrants, and established -there with means of subsistence. This single fact teaches that in proportion -as the emigrants from this country are multiplied, the Christian -laborers are also multiplied.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Missions.</span>—The six European missions commenced in Central -Africa since the death of Dr. Livingstone have been constantly reinforced -and strengthened, viz.: The Presbyterian stations on Lake -Nyassa; the Church Missionary Society efforts on Lake Victoria Nyanza; -the London Missionary Society operations on Lake Tanganyika; -the French Bassuto extension to the Barotse Valley, and the Baptist -Mission and the Livingstone Inland Mission, both on the Congo. The -two latter named are pushing inland from the coast; the first on the -southern and the other on the northern side of the river. The Baptists -are nearing the accomplishment of their first leading design, viz.; -the establishment of a station at Stanley Pool, to be used as a base of -operations beyond. A gentleman has given the £4,000 ($20,000) -necessary to procure a steel boat to be named the “Plymouth,” to be -used upon the Congo. The Livingstone Inland Mission (undenominational, -begun in 1878,) has founded five stations and passed some -two hundred of the three hundred miles to overcome the cataracts, -where the river stretches out in navigable waters for about one thousand -miles. Here it is intended to locate an industrial mission station, -and to make the work ultimately self-supporting and self-extending.</p> - -<p>An offer of £4,000 ($20,000) has been made by James Stevenson, -Esq., of Glasgow, for the construction of a road between Lakes Nyassa -and Tanganyika. The gift is based on the condition that the -London Missionary Society and the Livingstonia Mission open and -maintain stations at Mambe and Maliwanda, on the line of the proposed -road, and that the Central African Trading Company undertake -to keep up regular communication between Lakes Tanganyika<span class="pagenum" id="Page_13">[13]</span> -and Quilimane. The distance between the lakes is about two hundred -and twenty miles. The London Missionary Society has resolved -to assume the conditions as far as it is concerned, and the Livingstonia -Mission of the Scotch Free Church has sent a force to begin -the station at Maliwanda.</p> - -<p>Christendom knows not any other such mission as the Niger mission -of the Church Missionary Society, begun in 1867, to evangelize that -portion of the continent by native Africans, headed by a native African, -Bishop Crowther. Large and increasing Christian congregations -exist at Bonny and Brass, and assemblies of varying sizes at Onitsha, -Asumare and Lokoja. Sixteen hundred worshippers attended religious -services at Bonny last Christmas. Kings and chieftains are -erecting churches for themselves and their subjects. A cathedral is -to be built at Bonny at a cost of £2,000, ($10,000.)</p> - -<p>The appointment of a Secretary by the American Board of Commissioners -for Foreign Missions to superintend its operations in Africa, -indicates an earnest purpose with respect to that land. Three pioneer -missionaries have been cordially received by the King of Bailunda, -and others are on their way to found a station at Bihe, which -lies behind Benguela, some 250 miles from the Atlantic Ocean, an elevated -region, inhabited by large and compact tribes.</p> - -<p>The American Missionary Association has sent two commissioners -to select a site for a station near the headwaters of the Nile, in aid -of which Robert Arthington, Esq., of Leeds, has contributed £3,000, -($15,000,) and English Christians have given a like sum. Two missionaries -are under appointment to occupy this field. The American -Baptist Missionary Union is considering the Soudan as a theatre -of labor, stimulated by an offer from Mr. Arthington of £7,000 -($35,000) toward a mission on an extensive scale in that populous district. -No man in this age has done so much to stimulate missionary -enterprise as Mr. Arthington. The Southern Presbyterian Board of -Missions is contemplating the opening of a station at Kabenda, preparatory -to an advance on the centre of the Kingdom of Loango.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">American Colonization Society.</span>—This association is quietly -prosecuting its work of boundless scope and thrilling issues. An impartial -observer of its progress in the United States, and who has personally -seen its fruit on the coast of Africa, lately declares: “This was the -first and remains the <em>only</em> Society ever organized for the explicit purpose -of giving the Negro perfect freedom, of promoting his education -for his own good, of making him independent, of giving him a country -he can call his own, and of elevating his race to the standard of a -Christian nation. * * * * * Liberia’s flag is now honored by all<span class="pagenum" id="Page_14">[14]</span> -Christian nations, and none more deserves honor, for the cause over -which it floats is the grandest and holiest which ever gave birth to a -nation—the redemption of a whole race of mankind from heathenism -and slavery.”</p> - -<p>The number of persons provided passage to and homes in Liberia -by the Society in 1880 exceeded that in any one year since 1872. One -of its recent proteges, Rev. James O. Hayes, a graduate of Shaw University, -writes: “I have met many of the prominent citizens and -others, all of whom have extended to me the warm hand of fellowship -and welcome. Hon. Beverly P. Yates, who has resided in this Republic -fifty-two years, remarked to me that he would prefer Liberia to -America, even if he were made President of the United States. I have -two brothers and their families, with numerous friends residing at -Brewerville, and they are prospering finely. The conviction is -strengthened by all I see that persons who improve the advantages -afforded immigrants here could not be induced to exchange countries.” -The Society looks hopefully for that increase in gifts which -the broadening work imperatively demands.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Climate.</span>—Africa continues to be guarded by her malarious seaboard -and poisonous fevers, and alien travelers, explorers, miners and -missionaries still there find early graves. Statistics show the difference -in the effects of the climate upon the white, the mulatto and the -black man. In the recent Ashantee campaign, out of the heavy death -list of forty-two English officers only six died of wounds. Four -scientific explorers are known to have fallen in the last few months, -including the hardy Popelin, the leader of the second Belgian expedition. -Each of the three first stations of the Livingstone Inland -Mission has been consecrated by the call of one of its founders to -higher spheres and grander activities. The Presbytery of West Africa -has had during the past twenty-five years eleven members. Four were -pure Negroes, the others mulattoes and quadroons. Of the mixed -men six are dead, all comparatively young. Of the Negroes two are -dead, both over sixty. Of the two who survive, one is nearly seventy -and the other is fifty years of age. The Niger mission of the Church -Missionary Society is manned wholly by native Africans, among whom -the deaths in twenty-three years have been but eight, and that in a -section which is mostly swampy and under water several months in -the year. The Negro is the man of God’s right hand in Africa.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_15">[15]</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter" id="i_p015"> - <img src="images/i_p015.jpg" alt="" title="" /> - <div class="caption"> - <p class="noic">MAP OF PROTESTANT MISSION STATIONS IN AFRICA.</p> - <div class="noic x-ebookmaker-drop"> - [<a id="i_p015_lrg" href="images/i_p015_lrg.jpg" rel="nofollow">click - here for high resolution map</a>] - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_16">[16]</span></p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Workmen.</span>—A convention of colored delegates from twelve Southern -States, held at Montgomery, Ala., organized the Baptist Foreign -Mission Convention, the object of which “is to give the gospel to -the people of Africa.” Three ministers have expressed their readiness -to enter upon labors in “fatherland.” The African Civil and -Evangelical Association has for its purpose “the sending and supporting -of missionaries and school teachers in Western and interior -Africa, a duty we owe as descendants of that continent to our kinsmen -there.” The Presbyterian Synod of the Atlantic, composed -largely of Freedmen, has inaugurated a movement looking to missionary -efforts in the country of their ancestors.</p> - -<p>There is a bright and cheering history of African enlightenment -to be written. The six millions of reserve force now drilling in -America for the final victory are to be called out. They are now -on the move. Thousands have already developed many of the proper -qualifications for the work, and are waiting the means to go forward. -And this mighty country has peculiar facilities for the introduction -and extension of civilization. Europe has no population -available. Entering on the West Coast, the people and Government -of the United States may stretch a chain of settlements of her own -citizens through the whole length of Soudan, from the Niger to the -Nile—from the Atlantic to the Indian Ocean.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Colonies.</span>—A protracted experience convinces us that it may be -laid down as a principle demonstrated by numerous examples, that -if Western and Central Africa is ever to advance in civilization; if -its inhabitants are ever to become not Europeanized, but intelligent, -competent and productive Africans; if they are ever to be brought -into commercial relations mutually beneficial with Europe and America, -it must be by establishing and fostering such colonies as Liberia. -If it is the desire of Christians to abolish polygamy, to put a stop to -domestic slavery, to encompass and vivify the people by civilizing influences, -to elevate their thought, ennoble their action, and regenerate -the continent, these things must be done by planting colonies of -Christian and civilized Negroes along that coast and in the interior.</p> - -<div class="poetry"> - <div class="stanza"> - <div class="verse indent0">“Worthy the Lamb, for he was slain for us!</div> - <div class="verse indent3">The dwellers in the vales and on the rocks</div> - <div class="verse indent1">Shout to each other, and the mountain tops</div> - <div class="verse indent3">From distant mountains catch the flying joy:</div> - <div class="verse indent1">Till, nation after nation taught the strain,</div> - <div class="verse indent3">Earth rolls the rapturous hosanna round.”</div> - </div> -</div> - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter"> -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_17">[17]</span></p> - -<h2 class="nobreak" id="Editorial">[<i>Editorial from</i> <span class="smcap">The Sun</span>, <i>of Baltimore, October 25, 1881</i>.]</h2> -</div> - - -<p class="p2"><span class="smcap">The Continent of the Future.</span>—The Supplement of “The -Sun” to-day contains an article by Mr. William Coppinger, Secretary -of the American Colonization Society, upon Africa, its condition -from various points of view, its trade, mines, agricultural products -and increased closeness of relation with the civilized world, which -cannot fail to prove of interest to all persons concerned in the future -of the mysterious “dark continent.” Americans can hardly conceive -the importance attached by Europeans at present to the matters -with which Mr. Coppinger so fully and entertainingly deals. The continental -powers of Europe, perceiving the immense advantage possessed -by England in having her Indian Empire and her colonies as -outlets for her manufactures and excess of population, are seeking to -imitate her example by founding claims to such territories yet unoccupied -by Europeans as are unable to protect themselves from aggression -backed by Krupp guns. After the pickings of Russia, England -and France, there is little of Asia, besides, perhaps, the Corean peninsula, -left to appropriate. The jealousy of the United States has deterred -the nations of the Eastern hemisphere from attempts, like that -of Maximilian in Mexico, to found claims upon territories in either -North or South America. Africa remains, and is at their doors. -Having an area of 9,858,000 square miles, and an estimated population, -mostly barbarous, of about 201,787,000 souls, it offers, despite -its unfavorable climate, great advantages to the European people -who shall first appropriate its fertile interior, its trade in mineral -and agricultural products, and open these up to European commerce -by means of lines of steamboat and railway communications. Africa -will perhaps at no distant day become to Europe what North and -South America have been for the last two hundred years, the recipient -of their overflow of population and their chief producer of -food. Its capabilities are untried, but we know they are enormous. -Explorers within recent years have traversed the continent in every -direction, and have brought back reports generally favorable. The -Sahara is shown to be by no means the barren waste it has been -represented, and the Soudan has had its vast capabilities exploited. -Behind the explorer comes the military post and European civilization. -As was shown in “The Sun” some time ago, France has -since 1854 been extending her acquisitions from St. Louis, on the<span class="pagenum" id="Page_18">[18]</span> -West Coast, along the Senegal and Gambia rivers, eastwardly into -the Soudan, until she now possesses a large area of country, and -exerts a predominant influence over a territory comparable, it is said, -in extent with that of England in India. It is to consolidate and -strengthen her acquisitions that she proposes to add Tunis to Algeria, -and it would be doing scant justice to her policy to suppose -that the seizure of Tunis is a detached and insignificant incident. -Mr. Coppinger narrates in detail the measures being taken to confirm -her position in Africa, as against her various European competitors. -A notable fact in connection with the Islamic movement, -of which so much is said, is the large hold the Mohammedan religion -already has in Africa. There are 51,170,000 of this faith to -145,225,000 heathen, 350,000 Jews and 4,535,000 Coptic and other -Christians. Even in Liberia, out of a total population estimated by -Mr. Coppinger at 1,400,000, fully 1,000,000 are Mohammedans, and -of an aggressive character.</p> - - - - -<hr class="chap" /> -<div class="tnote"> -<p class="noi tntitle">Transcriber’s Notes:</p> - -<p class="smfont">Punctuation and spelling inaccuracies were silently corrected.</p> - -<p class="smfont">Archaic and variable spelling has been preserved.</p> -</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin-top:4em'>*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE CONTINENT OF THE FUTURE: ***</div> -<div style='text-align:left'> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -Updated editions will replace the previous one—the old editions will -be renamed. -</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United -States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. 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