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diff --git a/old/65987-0.txt b/old/65987-0.txt deleted file mode 100644 index 1de66cf..0000000 --- a/old/65987-0.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4807 +0,0 @@ -The Project Gutenberg eBook of Strength and How to Obtain It, by Eugen -Sandow - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and -most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms -of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you -will have to check the laws of the country where you are located before -using this eBook. - -Title: Strength and How to Obtain It - -Author: Eugen Sandow - -Release Date: August 3, 2021 [eBook #65987] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: UTF-8 - -Produced by: Tim Lindell, Les Galloway and the Online Distributed - Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This file was - produced from images generously made available by The Internet - Archive) - -*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK STRENGTH AND HOW TO OBTAIN IT *** - Transcriber’s Notes - -Obvious typographical errors have been silently corrected. - -Italics are represented thus _italic_, bold thus =bold=. - - - - -[Illustration: The Author, signed, Yours truly Eugen Sandow] - - - STRENGTH - - AND - - HOW TO OBTAIN IT, - - BY - - EUGEN SANDOW, - - WITH - - ANATOMICAL CHART, - - ILLUSTRATING - - EXERCISES FOR PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT. - - - REVISED EDITION. - - - ILLUSTRATED WITH FULL PAGE PORTRAITS OF THE AUTHOR - AND SOME OF HIS PUPILS. - - _Reproduced from Photographs by Falk of New York, and - Warwick Brookes of Manchester._ - - - London: - GALE & POLDEN, LTD., - 2, AMEN CORNER, PATERNOSTER ROW, E.C., AND WELLINGTON WORKS, - ALDERSHOT. - - TWO-AND-SIX NETT. - - - - - PRINTED BY GALE & POLDEN, LTD., - WELLINGTON WORKS, - ALDERSHOT. - - - _Copyright--Gale & Polden, Ltd._ - - - - -INTRODUCTION. - - -In writing this book I have taken it as a commonplace that -everyone--man, woman, and child--wants to be strong. Without -strength--and by strength I mean health, vitality, and a general sense -of physical well-being--life is but a gloomy business. Wealth, talent, -ambition, the love and affection of friends, the pleasure derived -from doing good to those about one, all these things may afford some -consolation for being deprived of life’s chief blessing, but they -can never make up for it. “But,” I am constantly being asked, “it is -all very well for you to say this, and everyone of sense agrees with -you; the point is, can we obtain this much-prized blessing?” In the -vast majority of cases I can say unhesitatingly “Yes.” You can all -be strong, all enjoy the heritage which was intended for you. Not -all to the same extent, perhaps. Those who are afflicted with some -hereditary disease, who may have unsound organs handed down to them, -cannot reasonably expect to get such results as their more fortunate -brethren. Still, even they need not despair; even if their condition -be such as to put out of the question any such thing as athletics, -they can, at all events, attain to such a condition as will permit of -their enjoying life, and render them fit to carry on their work without -difficulty. And after all, those who wish to be strong for this reason -are innumerable. It is only the young and vigorous who desire to excel -in athletic pastimes, but the middle-aged and elderly, the delicate -women and young children, who yearn for health are countless. I claim -that by carefully following out my system, as set out in the following -pages, and fully illustrated in the Anatomical Chart at the end of the -volume, these results may be attained. - - - - -NOTE TO THE SECOND EDITION. - - -It is nearly two years since the first edition of “Strength and How -to Obtain it” was published, and its success has been very gratifying -to me. It plainly demonstrates that the people of my adopted country -are gradually beginning to understand and appreciate what is meant -by “physical culture,” and that my ideas are steadily taking root in -productive ground. I am, therefore, encouraged to bring out a new -edition of the book, which, I trust, will be an improvement upon its -predecessor. Several chapters have been added and a few inaccuracies -and ambiguities remedied, and I trust the book in its new form will -find favour with my readers. I wish to draw particular attention to -chapters V. and VIII., in which I refer to “My ‘Grip’ Dumb-bell” and -to “Physical Culture for Women.” There are various other additions to -which I need not refer here. Sufficient to say that during the past -eighteen months I have learned much, and that so far as lies in my -power I have endeavoured to give the benefit of such knowledge as I -have acquired to all who believe with me that the cultivation of the -body is a sacred and imperative duty. - - EUGEN SANDOW. - - - - - PART I. - - MY SYSTEM OF PHYSICAL CULTURE. - - - - - STRENGTH - - AND - - HOW TO OBTAIN IT. - - - - -CHAPTER I. - -CONCERNING PHYSICAL CULTURE. - - -It is curious to me to look back a year or two and to reflect upon the -change in public opinion upon this subject which has taken place in -so short a time. When I first began to preach the “gospel of health -and strength” the general tendency was to make fun of me. Some people -called me a fool; others, a charlatan. Very few indeed took the -trouble to see whether there was anything in my theories, and to test -for themselves their truth or falsity. That was, so to speak, only -yesterday; what an alteration, and an alteration for the better, is to -be observed to-day. I shall not be accused of undue egotism if I say -that my ideas have “caught on.” All over the country, among the young, -“physical culture” is now the rage, and that it is no mere passing -fancy is proved by the fact that those who are no longer in their first -youth are its equally devoted, though possibly less feverish, disciples. - -“And what is physical culture?” is naturally the question which arises -to the lips of those to whom the subject is still unfamiliar. Let me -begin by saying what it _is not_. To begin with, to suppose, as many -people do suppose, that athletics and physical culture are the same -thing is quite a mistaken notion. Then is physical culture opposed to -athletics? Certainly not. Cricket and football and rowing and swimming, -and, indeed, all forms of manly sport and exercise, are admirable -things in their way, but they are not physical culture. A part of it, -if you like; but physical culture is something far wider in its scope, -infinitely loftier in its ideals. - -What was the ideal of the Greeks? They were ardent athletes, but their -pastimes were only regarded as a means to an end. The Greeks regarded -the culture of the body as a sacred duty; their aim was to bring it to -the highest possible state of power and beauty, and we know how they -succeeded. Surely what they succeeded in doing cannot be impossible for -us. - -Does the reader now begin to get a clearer idea of what is meant -by physical culture? As I have previously said, it is to the body -what culture, in the accepted sense of the word, is to the mind. To -constantly and persistently cultivate the whole of the body so that at -last it shall be capable of anything that sound organs and perfectly -developed muscles can accomplish--that is physical culture. The -production, in short, of an absolutely perfect body--that is physical -culture. To undo the evil for which civilization, and all the drawbacks -it has brought in its train, have been responsible in making man regard -his body lightly--that is the aim of physical culture. I think I am -justified in saying that while it embraces every variety of athletics -it goes very much further. - -Possibly there are people who will refuse to admit that this aim is -in itself a desirable one. They may say that the sound body is only -valuable in so far as it enables the sound mind to perform its work. -This I regard as nonsensical cant. I absolutely and strenuously refuse -to allow for an instant that the cultivation of the body is, _per se_, -a comparatively valueless thing. On the contrary, I maintain that he -who neglects his body--and not to cultivate it _is_ to neglect it--is -guilty of the worst sin; for he sins against Nature. I take my stand -upon this then--that the care of the body is in itself an absolutely -good thing, and its neglect is no more to be excused than is the -neglect of the opportunities of mental advancement which have been -placed in a man’s way. I am quite aware that it takes a very long time -to thoroughly free ourselves from the trammels of old-established -prejudice. I am quite prepared to hear of some worthy folk gravely -shaking their heads and deprecating any great amount of attention being -paid to the body as likely to engender undue vanity and self-esteem. I -do not think that is likely to be so, but even if it should be the case -I do not hold it to be such a grievous matter. If a man has striven his -utmost to make the best of himself a certain amount of pride in the -fact may well be forgiven him. Or, at all events, we can look upon his -failing with the eye of charity. - - ——————————————— - -I do not think I can conclude this chapter better than by reprinting -some remarks on the subject which I wrote in the first number of -“Physical Culture,” my monthly magazine. The article was carefully -thought out, and I do not think there is any need for me to add to it. -“For after all, why should not a man feel some pride in a healthy and -well-cared-for body? Though I contend that it in itself is emphatically -a good thing, that is not to say the effects of physical culture are -confined to the body. In bringing the body to its highest pitch of -perfection, various moral qualities, the value of which it would be -difficult to over-estimate, must necessarily be brought into play. The -first essential to success is the power of concentrating the will upon -the work. Muscles are not developed by muscular action alone. Physical -exertion, however arduous and long continued, will not make a man -strong, or the day labourer and the blacksmith would be the strongest -of men. Mechanical and desultory exertion will never materially -increase a man’s strength. He must first learn the great secret, which -ought to be no secret at all. He must use his mind. He may not be able -to add a cubit to his stature, but by taking thought a man can most -assuredly increase the size of his muscles, strengthen all his organs, -and add to his general vitality. But he must put his mind, as well as -his muscles, into the work. And by exercise and practice the will-power -is greatly increased, until, in course of time, the whole organism -is so absolutely under its control that the muscles can be kept in -perfect condition even without what, in ordinary language, is called -“exercise.” That is to say, that without violent exertion, but merely -by the exertion of the will, the muscles can be exercised almost to -any extent. Can it for a moment be supposed that this cultivation of -the will-power is not of great value to an individual, no matter what -sort of task or work he may be engaged in? Is it not largely by the -exercise of will-power that most things are achieved? Take two men of -equal talents; give them equal opportunities; but let one’s will-power -and power of concentration be relatively much greater than his -fellow’s. Then set them to perform the same task. Which will succeed -best? No person endowed with ordinary intelligence can be in doubt for -a moment. Will-power is a mighty factor--perhaps the mightiest--in -all that goes to make up the sum of human success or failure. But the -strengthening of will--though perhaps the chief--is not by a long way -the only benefit which physical culture confers. The man who means to -make his body as nearly perfect as possible must perforce cultivate -habits of self-control and of temperance. Not the temperance which -consists of rigidly abstaining from all the ‘pleasant vices,’ but the -_real_ temperance which teaches a man to say ‘No,’ which teaches him to -indulge in all that is conducive to happiness without being in danger -of that overstepping of the boundary line which leads to misery. The -man who has cultivated his body has also cultivated self-respect. He -has learned the virtue and the happiness of rigid personal cleanliness; -his views of life are sane and wholesome. Respecting himself he learns -to respect others. He is gentle, and only uses his powers against his -fellowmen when called upon to do so in the defence of the oppressed -and helpless. It is your weakling who is generally a bully and a -tyrant. To take a few men who are exceptionally endowed by Nature, to -make them extraordinarily strong, and to then train them to perform -particular feats, is not a thing very difficult of accomplishment. -But that is not the aim of physical culture. Its ultimate object is -to raise the average standard of the race as a whole. That is, no -doubt, a stupendous task, and one which it may take many lifetimes to -accomplish. But everything must have its beginning, and unless we set -about improving the physique of the present generation, we cannot hope -to benefit those who come after us. Healthier and more perfect men and -women will beget children with better constitutions and more free from -hereditary taint. They in their turn, if the principles and the duty -of physical culture are early instilled into them, will grow up more -perfect types of men and women than were their mothers and fathers. -So the happy progression will go on, until, who knows, if in the days -to come there will not be a race of mortals walking this earth of -ours even surpassing those who, according to the old myth, were the -offspring of the union of the sons of the gods with the daughters of -men! That is, perhaps, an almost impossible ideal, but it is well to -set one’s ideals high. Surely what has been done for the horse and the -dog cannot be impossible of accomplishment in the case of man. At all -events, it is worth trying.” - -To wind up this chapter with a word of encouragement to those who come -quite fresh to the subject; to those who in taking up Physical Culture -are venturing into what is to them unexplored territory--“Read, think, -and work. Do not be disheartened because your progress at first seems -slow; nothing worth having is to be won without labour. I can only -tell you what to do, only point out to you the right road. The rest -lies with yourself. I should be the sorriest humbug if I endeavoured -to make you believe otherwise, and you would be the simplest of fools -if you _did_ believe me. There is no royal road to success, and a very -bad thing would it be if there were. For your reward lies not so much -in the accomplishment as in the effort and struggle, and all the good -qualities which they bring out.” - - - - -CHAPTER II. - -THE PROGRESS OF THE SYSTEM. - - -I have already remarked upon the satisfactory progress which the -system has made during the last few years. It is probably well-known -that my system has practically been adopted in the Army; although the -method adopted in the Army gymnasia is not absolutely identical with -that which I advocate, it is obviously based upon the same principles. -People may be interested to hear that since I opened my first school, -some eighteen months ago, amongst my pupils have been a great number -of gentlemen, who, desirous of adopting the Army as a career, have -been unable to do so through not coming up to the physical standpoint -required. In many cases they have actually been rejected on this -account; in others they have been fearful that such might be their -fate, and have come to me in order to avoid it. Some have not been -heavy enough for their height; others lacking in chest measurement, -and so on. Now let my system be judged by the results. _In not a -single instance have I failed to do what is necessary._ That may stand -by itself without any further comment from me. However, as a further -proof of the efficacy of the system, I may say that I have put an -_inch_ on the _height_ of a young fellow in _three weeks_! This may -sound incredible, but it is an absolute fact. The majority of these -gentlemen, whom I have helped to pass the Army “medical,” have written -me appreciative letters, and though for obvious reasons I cannot -publish them, I shall be happy to show them to any reader who may care -to call at the St. James’-street school. That the value of the system -is fully recognised in the Army is demonstrated by the letter from -Colonel Fox, late inspector of the Army Gymnasia, which appears in this -book. Amongst the civilian public the system is spreading rapidly; -private individuals are taking it up and working steadily in their own -homes, whilst in a great number of gymnasia throughout the country, -classes are being formed to carry it out. In connection with this, it -is highly diverting to notice that various individuals who are never -tired of denouncing me and all my works, have set up as “professors” -of physical culture, and are actually teaching my system! Of course -they would be loth to admit this, and would assert that it is a system -of their own. All I can say is that by a strange coincidence nearly -every one of these systems which I have examined is based upon the same -principles as my own. Now that I have made mention of those who try to -gain notoriety by attacking my system, I cannot refrain from commenting -upon certain statements which, having been widely circulated, may tend -to do the system injury. The subject is, I think, worthy of a short -chapter to itself. - - - - -CHAPTER III. - -THE STUPIDITY OF ENVY. - - -The statement to which I refer is this--that though by my system a man -may increase the size of his muscles, add to his bodily strength, and -improve his physique, he does so at the expense of his vital organs. -This statement has been freely bandied about by those who ought to -be above such petty and stupid malice; men, who, professing to teach -physical culture, are mostly quite ignorant of the very rudiments of -the subject. Their reasons for such utterances are not far to seek; -they are envious of the success which has attended the years of hard -work and endeavour I have gone through, and regard me as a rival to -damage whom everything is justifiable. One or two have even gone so far -as to say that I myself am anything but sound, that my heart is in a -very bad condition, and that there is every probability of my “going -over to the majority” at a very early age. - -Let me nail these outrageous lies to the counter once and for all. -Some who repeat them doubtless do so in good faith; let them listen -and amend their ways. For those who circulated them, well knowing them -to be false, I have no words in which to express my contempt. Fair and -square opposition I can face; but a lie, however groundless, once sent -on its journey is difficult to overtake. - -Now for my refutation. First, amongst my pupils have been many who, -prior to coming to me, had been rejected as unsound by Life Insurance -Companies; well, they have got their policies safely locked up now. -Some had weak hearts, some poor lungs, others were generally unfit. -They came to me, generally, for two or three months, applied again, -and were accepted. Those who doubt my word can, as in the case of the -Army lads, see the proofs for themselves. Is that good enough, or does -“our friend, the enemy,” require any further demonstration that, far -from injuring the vital organs, in many cases my system is enormously -beneficial to those who are delicate. If so, here it is. They say _I_ -am unsound; very well, here is an answer for them. - -Some months ago I was insured for a large sum in the Norwich Union -Life Insurance Company; I was accepted in the _highest class_, and -the doctor who saw me expressed great surprise at the soundness of my -heart, the strength of my lungs, and in fact at the fine condition of -all my organs. Surely these envious people show little ingenuity in -inventing falsehoods which can be so easily disproved. - - - - -CHAPTER IV. - -HOW TO EXERCISE. - - -In commencing the system of exercises described and illustrated by -the anatomical chart, there are certain questions which every student -naturally asks himself. - -Probably the very first of these questions is, “What part of the day -ought I to devote to these exercises?” - -The answer to this question must depend on the pupil himself--on his -leisure and on his inclination. Some persons find the early morning the -best and most convenient time; others prefer the afternoon; and a third -class, again, find that they feel best, and have the most leisure, at -night. I do not, therefore, lay down a hard and fast rule of time. The -golden rule is to select such part of the day as suits you best, always -avoiding exercise immediately after meals. If possible, let two hours -elapse between a meal and exercise. Moreover, do not exercise just -before going to bed if you find it has a tendency to keep you awake. -Many of my pupils find that they sleep much better after exercise; but -there are some upon whom it has a reverse effect. - -If possible, the pupil should always exercise stripped to the waist; -if he wear a singlet it should be cut well away round the arms, so as -to allow of free play for the muscles around the shoulder. It is also -desirable to exercise before a looking-glass, for then the movements of -the various muscles can be followed, and to see the muscles at work, -and to mark their steady development, is itself a help and a pleasure. - -In performing the exercises the pupil should bend the knees slightly -and keep the muscles of the thighs tense; the legs will thus share in -the benefit of all the movements. - -What I wish to impress on delicate pupils is the desirability of -progress by degrees. Many men before beginning my system of physical -training have been so weak that doctors have thought little of the -prospect of saving their lives, yet to-day they are amongst the -strongest. They have progressed gradually, always being careful not -to undertake too much, and thus to adapt the exercises to their own -individual requirements. It may be mentioned also that the old, as -well as the young, may derive great benefits from my system, though -all who are over the age of fifty should moderate the exercises on the -lines suggested in the table of ages for pupils between fifteen and -seventeen. My exercises will also be found of considerable benefit to -persons who suffer from obesity. - -Pupils must not be discouraged because, after the first few days’ -training, they may feel stiff. It sometimes happens that a young man or -woman, or perhaps a middle-aged one, sets out on the course of training -with the greatest enthusiasm. After the first two or three days the -enthusiasm, perhaps, wears off. Then comes a period of stiffness, and -the pupil is inclined to think that he cannot be bothered to proceed -with the course. To such pupils, I would say, in all earnestness, -“Don’t be overcome by apparent difficulties; if you wish to succeed, -go forward; never draw back.” This stiffness, moreover, becomes a very -pleasant feeling. You soon grow to like it; personally, indeed, it may -be said that it is one of the most agreeable sensations I have ever had. - -Frequently pupils ask me how long it should take them to get strong. -The answer again depends on themselves, not only on their physical -constitution, but also on the amount of will power they put into their -exercises. As I have said already, it is the brain that developers the -muscles. Brain will do as much as dumb-bells, even more. For example, -when you are sitting down reading, practise contracting your muscles. -Do this every time you are sitting down leisurely, and by contracting -them harder and harder each time, you will find that it will have -the same effect as the use of dumb-bells or any more vigorous form of -exercise. - -It is very advisable for all pupils to get into the habit of constantly -practising this muscle-contraction. In itself it is an admirable -exercise, but it is perhaps even more valuable owing to the fact that -it improves the will power and helps to establish that connection -between the brain and the muscles which is the basis of strength and -“condition.” - -It will be noticed that throughout my exercises I make a point of -alternate movements. By this means one arm, or, as the case may be, -one set of muscles, is given a momentary rest whilst the other is -in motion, and thus freer circulation is gained than by performing -the movements simultaneously and the strain upon the heart and lungs -relieved. - -Another question which pupils are constantly asking me is whether it -is right for them to perspire after the exercises. The answer to this -question is that it depends on the constitution of the pupil. If you -perspire, it does you good; if you do not it shows that your condition -is sound already. Of course it will be understood that I am answering -in this, as in other questions, for general cases. There are always -exceptions. - -Again, “What,” it is asked, “are the general benefits of the Sandow -system of physical training?” - -The benefits are not, of course, confined to the visible muscular -development. The inner organs of the body also share them. The -liver and kidneys are kept in good order, the heart and nerves are -strengthened, the brain and energy are braced up. The body, in fact, -like a child, wants to be educated, and only through a series of -exercises can this education be given. By its aid the whole body is -developed and, as will be seen, pupils who have conscientiously worked -at my system testify freely to the good results obtained, not only in -the direction of vastly increasing their muscular strength, but of -raising the standard of their vitality and general health. - -For the beginner the most difficult part of my system is so fully to -concentrate his mind on his muscles as to get them absolutely under -control. It will be found, however, that this control comes by degrees. -The brain sends a message to the muscles; the nerves receive it, and -pass it on to them. With regard to the will power that is exerted it -should be remembered that whilst the effect of weight lifting is to -contract the muscles, the same effect is produced by merely contracting -the muscles without lifting the weight. - -This question of “will power” has, I am aware, troubled a good many -of my pupils. The majority find it difficult to “put all they know” -into movements with small dumb-bells, and consequently are apt to be -disappointed at the results of their work. Not infrequently I have -received a letter stating that the writer is doing the exercises an -immense number of times, occupying several hours a day--three or -four or even more!--and yet does not find that there is very much -improvement. The reason is obvious; he is simply “going through” the -motions and not really working at them. On the other hand, here and -there, I come across a man possessing an amount of will power out of -all proportion to his strength. The consequence is that he soon gets -exhausted, and either cannot get through his exercises or only does so -at the cost of becoming thoroughly done up and jaded. The great rule -that progress in the direction of the exertion of will power should be -gradual and ever continuing, is one that many people confess they are -unable to carry out. - -Now I have for long been perplexed to find a means of remedying this, -and at last I think I have discovered a method whereby the amount of -will-power exerted by the pupil can be regulated. In the next chapter -particulars are given of my new “Grip” Dumb-bell, which I think ought -to prove a veritable godsend to all, and especially to those to whom -reference has just been made. - - - - -CHAPTER V. - -MY “GRIP” DUMB-BELL. - - -This appliance is very simple and may be described in a few words. It -consists of a dumb-bell made in two halves separated about an inch -and a half from one another, the intervening space being occupied by -a small steel spring. When exercising, the spring is compressed by -gripping the bells and bringing the two halves close together, in which -position they are kept until the exercise is over. The springs can be -of any strength, and consequently the power necessary to keep the two -halves together can be varied to any extent. - -The advantages of this arrangement are obvious. Whether he will or -no, the pupil _must grip_ the bells hard, and as the strength of the -springs are known he can regulate his progress to a nicety as he grows -stronger. There is also another point in connection with the new -device to which I want to draw particular attention. It will often -happen that a pupil who is exercising will feel “a bit off-colour” one -day, and consequently less inclined to exercise, or he may be worried -and perplexed by his business affairs to a degree which lenders it -almost impossible for him to concentrate his mind solely upon the -work. The natural consequence of either of these two conditions is -that unless he possess very uncommon will power, if he is exercising -with ordinary bells, he only does so in a desultory and half-hearted -manner, and benefits little thereby. Now this is impossible with the -“grip” bell--however preoccupied and worried the pupil may be he -has a definite point upon which to concentrate his mind; he _must_ -exert a certain amount of force in gripping the bells to keep the two -halves together, and consequently _must_ put out a certain amount of -will-power. - -Of course there is no reason why in using the “grip” dumb-bells, only -the grip necessary to keep the two halves together should be exerted. -On the contrary, as with ordinary bells, a man may, and should put “all -he knows” into the work; the special point and the great merit about -the former is that with them the amount of power exerted can never fall -below a known and easily regulated _minimum_. - -The pupil who possesses these bells will find that instead of having -to be continually buying heavier dumb-bells, one pair will suffice him -for all time. All that it will be necessary for him to do will be to -purchase, at a small expense, new springs from time to time. All pupils -are advised to use the dumb-bell, upon the merits of which I need not -further enlarge. As will have been seen, this is not a mechanical -device which will render unnecessary the employment of will-power; that -would be opposed to all my theories and teaching. On the contrary it -will aid in developing will-power, as it will stimulate the pupil to -put it forth, and guide him how to use it in the proper direction. - - - - -CHAPTER VI. - -THE MAGIC COLD BATH. - - -I am sometimes accused of being a bit of a faddist about the use of the -cold bath, and possibly the heading of this chapter may give strength -to that opinion. But its exhilarating and health-giving effects really -justify the use of the adjective. The longer I live, and the greater my -experience, the more am I convinced of its virtues. Let me advise every -pupil after exercising, while the body is still hot, to take a cold -bath. It does not matter how much he may be perspiring; the cold bath -will prove exceedingly beneficial. He must be careful, however, not to -take his bath if he is out of breath. The exercises will, no doubt, -quicken the heart’s action; but in from three to five minutes after the -series is completed, the heart should be beating normally again. For -persons who suffer from weak heart I should not advise a cold bath. -As a general rule there is no need to ask the question, “Is my heart -weak?” For if it is weak you should know it beyond a doubt. After every -little exertion, though the assertion may appear paradoxical, you will -feel it beating in your head. - -In advising cold baths, I speak, of course, for persons in the -enjoyment of ordinary health. The bath should be begun in the summer -and continued every morning throughout the year. In the winter, if the -room is cold, light the gas and close the window. If your hair is not -injuriously affected by cold water--and in many cases, I believe, cold -water will be found to strengthen it--begin, as you stand over the -bath, by splashing the water five and twenty times over your head. In -any case, if you are averse to wetting the hair, be careful to begin by -sponging the temples and nape of the neck. Next, whilst still standing -over the bath, splash the water fifteen times against the chest and -ten times against the heart. Then jump into the bath, going right down -under the water. In the summer you may remain in the water from ten to -fifteen seconds, but in the winter let it be just a jump in and out -again. - -The subsequent rub down with towels is popularly supposed to produce -half the benefits that result from a cold bath. I have no hesitation -in saying that this is a great mistake. Let me explain the reason: As -you get out of the bath you rub down first one part of the body and -then the other, and thus, whilst the one part is being warmed by the -friction, the other is getting cold. Many people who take cold baths -in this way complain of touches of rheumatism, and the whole trouble -arises, I believe, from different parts of the body being alternately -warmed and chilled. - -In order to overcome the risk of this ill-effect my advice is this: -Do not spend any time over rubbing yourself down. If you do not like -the idea of getting into your clothes wet, just take the water off the -body as quickly as you possibly can with a dry towel, jump into your -clothes, and let Nature restore your circulation in her own way. You -will get quite as warm by this method as by vigorously rubbing down, -with the added advantage that the heat of the body will be more evenly -distributed. If, owing to poor health or other exceptional causes, the -circulation is not fully and promptly restored, walk briskly up and -down the room. If you should still feel cold in any part of the body -probably the bath is not suited to your constitution, and in that case -it is not advised. In ninety-nine cases out of a hundred, however, the -cold bath, taken as I have described, will have nothing but the most -beneficial effects; and, if taken every morning throughout the year, -it is the surest preventive that I know against catching cold. On the -other hand, irregularity is liable to produce cold. In short, having -once begun the cold bath, make a rule, summer and winter, never to -leave it off. - -Personally, I find the very best form of the cold bath is to get -into your clothes after it without drying the body at all. For the -first moment or two the sensation may not be perfectly agreeable, but -afterwards you feel better and warmer for adopting this method. The -damp is carried away through the clothes and no particle of wet is left. - -For pupils who have not the convenience of a bathroom a cold sponging -down may be recommended as a substitute. In this case let two towels -be taken and soaked with water. Rub the front of the body down with -one, and the back with the other. This method prevents the towel -from absorbing the heat from the body, and the cold sponging is thus -distributed evenly over its surface. Afterwards dry the body quickly as -before, letting no time be lost in getting into your clothes. - -I have often been asked whether in the event of exercising at night it -is advisable to take a cold bath afterwards. My reply is:—“certainly.” -_Always_ have a cold bath or sponge down after exercising. It will -make you feel “as fresh as paint,” improve your appetite, and make -the skin clean and firm, and be generally conducive to happiness and -good health. Some people tell me that a cold bath immediately before -retiring keeps them awake; if that be so, I should advise them to -exercise earlier in the day. But the exercise and the cold bath ought -to be regarded as inseparable. - - - - -CHAPTER VII. - -PHYSICAL CULTURE FOR THE MIDDLE-AGED. - - -It is scarcely necessary for me to say that the benefits to be obtained -by conscientiously working upon my system are by no means confined to -the young and vigorous. On the contrary, it is particularly suitable -for the middle-aged, who are all too apt to suffer from the effects of -the period of physical indolence which has succeeded their youthful -activity. To such, the system should prove invaluable. It is quite -a false notion to suppose that when once youth is passed exercise -is no longer necessary. _So long as life lasts, if an individual -wants to keep healthy, exercise is just as necessary as food._ It is -through neglecting to recognise this that so many men become aged -before their time. When a man begins to get into middle life he has -a natural tendency to “take things easy.” He lives more luxuriously, -devotes more time to the pleasures, of the table, and exerts himself -as little as possible. Is it anything to wonder at that his health -suffers, that he grows fat and flabby, and that his digestive apparatus -quickly gets out of gear? If in his youth he has been an athlete the -more will his changed mode of life tell upon him; it is indeed better -never to have exercised at all than to exercise for a few years and -then drop it entirely. It is for this reason we hear of the health -of so many athletes failing them at a comparatively early age. And -this failure is, as a rule, erroneously ascribed to the effects upon -their constitution of their early efforts. Once and again errors in -“training” may be responsible for poor health in middle-age, but in -ninety-nine cases out of a hundred the complete cessation from active -bodily work, combined with the greater indulgence which naturally -follows, is alone responsible. - -Of course, while it is advisable that the middle-aged man should -exercise regularly, I must warn him not to do too much. He must -remember that what is perfectly safe and prudent at five-and-twenty may -be rash and hazardous at fifty; in short, that he, while exercising -consistently and steadily, must be careful not to over-tax his powers. -If he bears this in mind he will find that the discomforts and ailments -which he has perhaps got to regard as natural to his time of life are -quickly banished, and that, in spite of his grey beard and thinning -hair, it is still “good to be alive.” - - - - -CHAPTER VIII. - -PHYSICAL CULTURE FOR WOMEN. - - -I am exceedingly anxious to remove the impression, which has, I fear, -gained ground, that my system is not a thing for women. Now-a-days, -when women have practically freed themselves from the antiquated -ideas of a generation or so ago, there ought to be small difficulty -in convincing them that to make the best of themselves, in a physical -sense, is just as imperative a duty for them as for their brothers. -Women go in for all sorts of sports and pastimes to-day; they bicycle, -row, play tennis and hockey, and not infrequently display no small -degree of excellence in sports which have hitherto been regarded as -“for men only.” This is a hopeful sign, but I am not at all sure that -in many cases it is not more provocative of harm than good. Women -are possessed of a great amount of nervous energy, and, unless their -bodies and organs are gradually and systematically trained to bear -exertion and fatigue, they are likely to attempt performances which -are quite beyond their physical power, although, buoyed up as they are -by a fund of nervous energy and mental exhilaration, they may observe -no ill-effects at the time. This is one reason why it is so advisable -for women to commence by working upon my system, which is so mild and -gradual that they can pursue it without any risks, and, while daily -growing stronger and healthier, be scarcely conscious that they are -making any effort whatever. - -I am quite aware that there is a very wide-spread notion that -exercise tends to coarsen and render a woman unbeautiful, but that is -absolutely false. Were there any truth in it I should indeed despair -of converting my fair readers to my way of thinking, for truly it is -woman’s mission to look beautiful. But the idea is absurd; Nature, -which intended woman to look lovely, also intended her to be healthy; -indeed, the two are practically synonymous. Of course, improper, -violent and one-sided exercise will naturally result in making a -woman clumsy, heavy, and ungraceful, but proper exercise, having for -its object symmetrical and perfect development, will have an exactly -contrary effect. Curiously enough, the visible effect of proper -exercise upon a woman’s muscles is not precisely the same as upon those -of a man. Regular and gradually progressive exercise will not make a -woman’s muscles prominent, but will cause them to grow firm and round -and impart to the outline of the figure those graceful contours which -are so universally admired. Without well-conditioned muscle the most -beautifully proportioned woman in the world will look comparatively -shapeless and flabby; her muscles are not required to show up as in -the case of a man’s, but they must be there all the same as a solid -foundation for the overlying flesh. Take a woman’s arm, for instance; -if it has been duly exercised and developed, it is easy enough to see -that its shapeliness and good modelling are due to the muscles; white -and soft though the skin may be, you can tell at a glance that it is -firm and elastic to the touch. On the other hand, the arm of the woman -who has never exercised the muscles, betrays the fact unmistakably; -it may be plump and round, but its lines are lacking in beauty, its -movements in grace; and so with the figure generally. - - ——————————————— - -The effects of my system are very rapidly noticeable. It reduces the -size of the waist, makes the limbs round, the figure pliant, the walk -and carriage graceful and easy. For those women who are doomed to a -more or less sedentary life it works wonders, and those whose means and -occupation permit of their indulging in a healthier outdoor life will -find it a splendid preparation for their favourite pastimes. - -Just a word with regard to complexion. A fine skin and a good healthy -colour are the best proofs of the possession of good health. Indeed, -without health a good skin and complexion are out of the question; and -where is the woman who does not desire to possess both? She is indeed -rare. Therefore, to those women who, while they do not set a high -enough value upon health and strength for their own sakes, yet desire -to be fair to look upon, I say the two things must inevitably go hand -in hand. Whether your prime object be to obtain beauty or health does -not matter; by working upon my system you will obtain both. - - - - -CHAPTER IX. - -THE TABLES OF AGES. - - -From the following tables pupils of all ages will be able to see at a -glance how many times the movements of each exercise illustrated by the -anatomical chart should be practised daily. - -It should be clearly understood that the tables are only intended as -a guide, and that they are not intended to arbitrarily fix the amount -of work which the pupil should do. It is an absolute impossibility to -lay down rules which will suit every individual case, and consequently -pupils must, after taking the table as a basis, use their own -discretion as to how they shall vary them. The great thing to bear -in mind is to proceed very gradually; while exercising, put “all you -know” into the work, but don’t attempt to do too much. Exercise until -the muscles ache, but never go on to the point of feeling thoroughly -“blown” and exhausted. A quarter of an hour’s conscientious work is -better than an hour spent in “going through the motions” in a desultory -fashion. Pupils who are in any difficulty and wish for special guidance -are advised to go in for the 2s. 6d. course of instruction by post -which is given in connection with “Physical Culture,” full particulars -of which are given in this book. As I have already said, I should -advise all pupils to use the “Grip” dumb-bell; then, instead of buying -a heavier pair of dumb-bells after the exercises are being done a -certain number of times, all that will be necessary will be to use -a stronger spring. I do not advise pupils to keep on with the same -weight bells or the same spring too long; when the exercises are done -a very great number of times the work becomes monotonous and there is -a natural tendency to do it in a mechanical manner. Roughly speaking, -when it takes much over half-an-hour to get through the whole series it -is desirable to begin again with heavier bells or springs. - -Parents who desire to see their little ones grow into well-developed -men and women may be advised to buy their babies light wooden -dumb-bells as playthings. The exercises themselves, of course, should -not be attempted until the child has reached the age of six or seven. -Parents especially would do well to remember, as has already been said, -that the tables are only intended as a guide, and they should exercise -their own discretion with regard to the weight of bells used by their -children, and the number of times the exercises should be done. In some -cases a girl or boy of ten years may be so delicate as to have no more -strength than a more sturdy child two or three years younger; in such -cases the table for the younger child should be adhered to. From that -age onwards be guided in the amount of practice by the tables. In order -that every reader may understand the exercises easily, the leading -muscles only are mentioned in the chart. - -Pupils should guard against over-exertion; and, above all things, -should not exercise violently. It will be found convenient to let each -arm (not both arms) move once in a second. Thus, for example, the time -of ten movements with each arm of the first exercise would be twenty -seconds. As a general rule, this time will be found to give just the -exercise that is needed. Faster movements are not recommended for -either young or old. Be careful also not to jerk the movements. Always -exercise easily and gracefully, and when contracting the muscles take -care _not to hold the breath_. Many pupils are inclined to do this -unconsciously when bringing their minds to bear upon the muscles, but -it is quite wrong, and the tendency must be striven against until it is -overcome. In one or two exercises, as will be seen on the chart, there -are special instructions with regard to the breath; in all the others -the breathing should be perfectly natural. - - TABLE 1. - - FOR CHILDREN OF BOTH SEXES - BETWEEN THE AGES OF SEVEN AND TEN. - - (_Using one pound dumb-bells only._) - - -When the _maximum_ has been reached, the child should _continue_ to use -the same weight bells and the same spring in the “Grip” dumb-bell until -it arrives at the age at which it can follow Table No. 2, and so on -with the other tables. - - - Increase - No. of No. of of Movements. - Exercise. Movements (Not to exceed 30 - (See Chart.) with each arm. for No. 1, and other - Exercises in proportion.) - - 1 10 One every three days. - - 2 5 ” ” ” - - 3 5 ” ” ” - - 4 4 One every five days. - - 5 4 ” ” ” - - 6 10 One every three days. - - 7 6 One every five days. - - Exercises 8, 9, and 10 are not advised - for young children. - - 11 5 One every five days. - - 12 5 ” ” ” - - 13 1 One every fortnight. - - 14 5 One every three days. - - 15 3 One every fortnight. - - 16 (boys only) 3 ” ” ” - - 17 10 One every three days. - - 18 10 ” ” ” - - - TABLE 2. - - FOR CHILDREN OF BOTH SEXES - BETWEEN THE AGES OF TEN AND TWELVE. - - (_Using two pound dumb-bells only._) - - Increase - of Movements. - No. of No. of (Not to exceed 40 for - Exercise. Movements. No. 1, and other - Exercises in proportion.) - - 1 10 One every three days. - - 2 5 ” ” ” - - 3 5 ” ” ” - - 4 4 One every five days. - - 5 4 ” ” ” - - 6 10 One every three days. - - 7 6 One every five days. - - Exercises 8, 9, and 10 are not advised. - - 11 5 One every five days. - - 12 5 ” ” ” - - 13 1 One every fortnight. - - 14 6 One every three days. - - 15 3 One every fortnight. - - Exercises 16 and 17 are not advised. - - 16 (boys only) 3 One every fortnight. - - 17 10 One every three days. - - 18 10 ” ” ” - - - TABLE 3. - - FOR CHILDREN OF BOTH SEXES - BETWEEN THE AGES OF TWELVE AND FIFTEEN. - - (_Using three pound dumb-bells only._) - - Increase - of Movements. - No. of No. of (Not to exceed 50 for - Exercise. Movements. No. 1, and other - Exercises in proportion.) - - 1 10 One every three days. - - 2 5 ” ” ” - - 3 5 ” ” ” - - 4 4 One every five days. - - 5 4 ” ” ” - - 6 10 One every three days. - - 7 6 One every five days. - - Exercises 8, 9, and 10 are not advised. - - 11 5 One every five days. - - 12 5 ” ” ” - - 13 1 One every fortnight. - - 14 6 One every three days. - - 15 3 One every fortnight. - - 16 (boys only) 3 ” ” ” - - 17 15 One every three days. - - 18 10 ” ” ” - - - TABLE 4. - - FOR GIRLS - BETWEEN THE AGES OF FIFTEEN AND SEVENTEEN. - - (_Using three pound dumb-bells only._) - - Increase - of Movements. - No. of No. of (Not to exceed 60 for - Exercise. Movements. No. 1, and other - Exercises in proportion.) - - 1 15 One every three days. - - 2 8 ” ” ” - - 3 6 ” ” ” - - 4 6 One every five days. - - 5 4 ” ” ” - - 6 10 One every three days. - - 7 8 One every five days. - - Exercises 8, 9, and 10 are not advised. - - 11 5 One every five days. - - 12 5 ” ” ” - - 13 1 One every fortnight. - - 14 8 One every three days. - - 15 3 One every fortnight. - - Exercise 16 is not advised. - - 17 15 One every fortnight. - - 18 15 ” ” three days. - - - TABLE 5. - - FOR BOYS - BETWEEN THE AGES OF FIFTEEN AND SEVENTEEN. - - (_Using at first three-pound dumb-bells._) - - At this age boys, when they have increased the number of movements of - the first exercise from 30 to 60, and all others in proportion, are -recommended to go through the course again with five pound dumb-bells. - - No. of No. of Increase - Exercise. Movements. of Movements. - - 1 30 One every other day. - - 2 15 One every three days. - - 3 10 ” ” - - 4 8 ” ” - - 5 5 One every three days. - - 6 12 One every three days. - - 7 8 One every three days. - - Exercises 8, 9, and 10 are not advised. - - 11 5 One every two days. - - 12 5 ” ” - - 13 2 One a week. - - 14 15 One every other day. - - 15 3 One every three days. - - 16 3 One every fortnight. - - 17 25 One every three days. - - 18 25 ” ” - - - TABLE 6. - - FOR GIRLS. - OF SEVENTEEN YEARS OF AGE AND UPWARDS. - - (_Using three-pound dumb-bells only._) - - Increase - of Movements. - No. of No. of (Not to exceed 80 for - Exercise. Movements. No. 1 and other - exercises in proportion). - - 1 20 One every other day. - - 2 10 One every three days. - - 3 7 ” ” ” - - 4 7 ” ” ” - - 5 4 One every three days. - - 6 10 One every two days. - - 7 8 One every three days. - - 8, 9, and 10 until the pupil feels tired. - - 11 5 One every two days. - - 12 5 ” ” ” - - 13 1 One a week. - - 14 10 One every three days. - - 15 3 ” ” ” - - Exercise 16 is not advised. - - 17 20 One every three days. - - 18 20 ” ” ” - - - TABLE 7. - - FOR YOUTHS. - OF SEVENTEEN YEARS OF AGE AND UPWARDS. - - (_Using at first four-pound dumb-bells._) - -When the pupil has increased the number of movements of No. 1 to 80, -he should keep at the maximum with the same weight dumb-bells for six -months; he may then increase 1lb., beginning the course over again, and -so on every six months. The heaviest bells used, however, should not -exceed 10lbs. - -I am aware that in the former edition of the book I placed 20lbs. as -the limit, but the experience gained in my schools has taught me that -for the _majority_ of men this is far too heavy. It is always better -to use bells too light than too heavy; the latter are liable to cause -strains and other injuries. - - No. of No. of Increase - Exercise. Movements. of Movements. - - - 1 50 Five every day. - - 2 25 Two every day. - - 3 10 One every day. - - 4 10 One every three days. - - 5 5 One every two days. - - 6 15 ” ” ” - - 7 10 ” ” ” - - 8, 9, and 10 until the pupil feels tired. - - 11 10 One every two days. - - 12 10 ” ” ” - - 13 3 One every three days. - - 14 25 Two every day. - - 15 3 One every two days. - - - - -CHAPTER X. - -MY SCHOOLS OF PHYSICAL CULTURE. - - -The reader of the second part of this book will see how my professional -career was thrust upon me. It came through no seeking of my own, after -my defeat of Samson. I accepted it partly because the offers seemed -too good to be thrown away, and partly because they enabled me to -gratify a wish to see something of the world. My ambition, however, was -always to form and build up a system for the service of others, rather -than exhibit merely the results of that system in my own person. That -ambition, I hope, is to be realised, for I have founded several schools -of training for men, women, and children of both sexes, and in the -course of time, I intend to establish branches in every important town. - -The schools are conducted entirely on my own system of physical -culture. Instruction is given by specially qualified teachers, and -every exercise is lucidly described and clearly demonstrated. The -pupils have every opportunity of developing their bodies to the highest -extent, and from time to time I personally examine them. - -The instructors employed in the school have been specially trained -for their work by me, so that the pupils have the benefit of my best -information, and of thus learning the whole of my system exactly. In -addition to the classes for men, women, and children, arrangements are -made for giving private lessons when required. - -My brother-in-law, Mr. Warwick Brookes, jun., is the best pupil I have -ever had. For the past six years he has followed my system thoroughly, -and the results have been remarkable. When I first met him he was -exceedingly delicate. He could only walk with the aid of crutches. -Gradually, however, he began to improve, and under my personal -supervision, by the help of my system, his strength has so increased -that to-day he is like a new man. - -By means of the schools I hope to do something to substantially aid the -physical development of this and succeeding generations. Letters from -past pupils testify to the great benefits which can be derived from -careful training under my system, and if the training has the further -advantage of individual instruction those benefits should be increased -even more than by studying this book. - -It is a pleasant ambition to hope by one’s efforts to leave the world -just a little better here and there than one found it; and that has -always been and is my ambition. My pupils can help me to realise it. - -As I have said, I intend opening schools in every large town in the -country; at present schools are open at the following addresses:— - - {32, St. James’s Street, S.W. - {115A, Ebury Street, S.W. - LONDON {Walbrook, City, E.C. - {Tottenham Court Road, W. - {Crystal Palace, S.E. - - MANCHESTER:—Oxford Street. - - - - -CHAPTER XI. - -INSTRUCTION BY CORRESPONDENCE. - - -None of my departments has shown a more gratifying development than has -the correspondence department. Letters pour in from all parts of the -world asking for advice and instruction in such numbers that I have -been obliged to organise a special system and department for dealing -with the enquiries of my many friends, who, owing to their living at a -distance and to other reasons, cannot attend the schools personally. - -Every week many letters reach me from the Colonies alone--from India, -Canada, Australia, South Africa--even from distant Klondike--and -from one and all I have received flattering testimonials as to the -benefits they have derived from following my instructions. This is an -example:--Mr. Dunbar, of Queensland, writes:— - - “Dear Mr. Sandow, - - “I cannot express my gratitude for the wonderful benefit I have - derived from your three months’ course of instruction. Previous to - practising your system I was a chronic dyspeptic, and owing to my - sedentary occupation, for many years I had not known what it was - to feel the natural exhilaration and energy of a healthy man. Now - I honestly believe that there is not a healthier man in the whole - Colony.” - -One pleasing feature of this undertaking is the steady increase in the -number of applications from ladies. This department has already become -the most important part of my work, and anyone wishing to keep in touch -with my system of Physical Culture can do so by forwarding to me their -measurements, sex, age, and occupation. In the case of any physical -peculiarity, or organic weakness, a doctor should be consulted, and -the result of his examination stated in the letter of communication. A -form is inserted at the end of this book as a guide to those wishing to -apply. These forms are dealt with by myself and each case receives my -individual consideration and instruction, and is signed by me. - - - - -CHAPTER XII. - -SANDOW’S CHART OF MEASUREMENTS. - - -The figure will show pupils how to take their own measurements. They -are advised to keep a careful record of these month by month, so -they can see how they are progressing. The chest should be measured -both with the lungs full of air and empty, as well as in its normal -condition. - - _Date when training commenced._ - - ..................................................... - - _Date on completion of course._ - - ..................................................... - - - _Measurements then._ _Measurements now._ - - _Age_ - _Weight_ - _Height_ - _Neck_ - _Chest Contracted_ - _Chest Expanded_ - _Upper Right Arm_ - _Upper Left Arm_ - _Forearm, Right_ - _Forearm, Left_ - _Waist_ - _Thigh, Right_ - _Thigh, Left_ - _Calf, Right_ - _Calf, Left_ - - -[Illustration: Showing the positions of measurement] - - - - -CHAPTER XIII. - -THE COMBINED DEVELOPER. - - -After considerable experience and exhaustive experiments with rubber -machines, I have succeeded in inventing one which allows of a -combination of dumb-bell and rubber exercises. - -Exclusive rubber exercise has not the effect of producing hard, firm, -and supple muscles, therefore I have patented the detachable dumb-bell -handles, which are simplicity itself. - -This developer can be so regulated as to prove equally beneficial to a -weak man as to myself. - -From an economic point of view it stands alone, as at a small outlay a -Developer can be purchased, which is sufficient for a whole family, and -constitutes an entire athletic outfit. - -The detachable rubbers and handles allow of the machine to be fixed up -to any tension, so that as one becomes stronger, one has ample scope -for gradually increasing one’s strength. The fatal drawback to the -ordinary rubber exerciser is that it only proves beneficial up to a -certain point, and then it is not sufficient to carry one any further. -Consequently one has to make another outlay in purchasing a heavier -machine. My Developer has been designed to obviate this, as it can be -regulated up to any strength. - -The machine is simply made and easily fixed, causing no damage to the -door or wall to which it is attached. There being no pulleys, no oiling -is required, and there is no friction to wear out the covering of the -cords. Thus the Developer is very durable. - -Charts, illustrating Chest Expander, Dumb-bell and Developer exercises, -together with a pair of nickel-plated dumb-bells, are given free with -each machine. The dumb-bells being detachable can be used separately -for the exercises as prescribed in this book. The exercises are -specially arranged by myself, introducing several of the movements in -my system of development which cannot be properly executed on any other -machine. - -In the charts are included special exercises for strengthening the -legs; many pupils have found this very beneficial. - -[Illustration: The above illustration shows the Developer as a Rubber -Exerciser, Chest Expander, and Dumb-bells.] - -The great value of the Developer lies in the fact that it serves to -render the muscles pliable, and the whole body flexible and supple. -Certain movements with it, too, are difficult to perform satisfactorily -with dumb-bells alone. I recommend pupils to use the dumb-bells -and complete Developer alternately; by this means I find the most -satisfactory results are obtained. Exercise with the rubber Developer -affords a welcome change from work with the dumb-bells. - - - - -CHAPTER XIV. - -HEAVY WEIGHT-LIFTING. - - -It is not my purpose in this book to give anything beyond general -directions for lifting heavy weights. You can become thoroughly strong -and enjoy perfect health by means of the series of exercises already -described. Heavy weight-lifting requires personal instruction; that -instruction will be given to those who may desire it at my schools. -Under qualified instructors it may be pursued without the risk of -danger. - -Generally, however, it may be observed that to lift heavy weights it is -desirable first to see what weight can be used without undue strain. -Slowly raise this weight from your shoulder over your head, or, if from -the ground, raise it somewhat more quickly. See how many times you are -able to raise the weight first selected, and when you can perform the -exercise with comparative ease, raising it, say, ten times, up to 80 -lbs., six times from 80 to 100, and afterwards three times, increase -the weight for the next day’s exercise by five pounds. Continue this -increase as you grow more capable, remembering always to bring the left -hand into play as well as the right; at the same time, though it should -not be neglected, avoid overtaxing the left side. - -The great thing to remember is to go slowly. Avoid anything like -spasmodic efforts, and endeavour before trying a lift to thoroughly -think out the different movements. Weight-lifting should never be -practised in a confined space or where the weight cannot be readily -dropped. To attempt to hold on to a weight after the balance has been -lost may result in serious strains and other injuries; the pupil should -practice dropping a weight from any position safely and gracefully. -If the pupil bear these few hints in mind he will come to no harm, -but, as I have said, weight-lifting is best left alone until it can be -practised under the personal supervision of an experienced instructor. - - ——————————————— - - A PLEASING TRIBUTE. - -The following letter was written me by Colonel Fox, late Her Majesty’s -Inspector of Army Gymnasia, a gentleman to whom I am very greatly -indebted for the interest he has taken for years past in my work and -for the zeal he has shown in getting the system introduced into the -British Army:— - - The Gymnasium. Aldershot. - 29th July, 1893. - - Dear Mr. Sandow, - - I am in receipt of your letter from New York which reached me on the - 23rd instant, and am very glad to hear of your success in America. - The book you speak of as being about to be published should also be - very successful, and ought to do much towards making your system of - physical development widely known.[1] Since your last visit to us here - my Staff Instructors and non-commissioned officers under training have - been energetically practicing the light dumb-bell exercises you so - kindly showed them. - - I am convinced that your series of exercises are excellent and most - carefully thought out, with a comprehensive view to the development of - the body as a _whole_. Any man honestly following out your clear and - simple instructions could not fail to enormously and rapidly improve - his physique. - - It is almost superfluous for me to add that you yourself, in _propria - persona_, are the best possible advertisement of the merits of your - system of training and developing of the human body. - - Any individual gifted with a fair amount of determination, - is absolutely certain to develop his physical powers at an - extraordinarily rapid rate and with the most happy results to his - general health and mental powers and activity, by following with - intelligence your system. As you very rightly say, it is only by - bringing the brain to bear upon our exercises that we can hope to - produce the best results with the shortest possible expenditure of - time. - - The absence of expensive and cumbrous apparatus is no small - recommendation of your system, and you are thoroughly in the right - when you assert that lasting muscular development, and consequent - strength, can be best produced by the constant and energetic use of - light dumb-bells, employed in a sound and scientific manner. - - Believe me, yours very truly, - (Signed) G. M. Fox, Lieut.-Colonel, - H.M. Inspector of Gymnasia in Great Britain. - - Professor Eugen Sandow, New York, U.S.A. - -[1] The book referred to is the large one which was published some -years ago, and which is now out of print. - - - - -LETTERS AND PHOTOGRAPHS OF PUPILS. - - -In the following pages will be found a selection from many thousands -of letters which have been addressed to me by pupils who have already -profited from my system of Physical Culture. Attention is specially -directed to the measurements before and after training, showing the -actual progress made in muscular development. - - - VACHWEN, - MARLBOROUGH ROAD, - WATFORD, - _March 11th, 1899_. - - MR. SANDOW. -DEAR SIR, - - _I have just completed a course of lessons at your “School of Physical - Culture,” from which I have derived untold benefit. Through the - greater part of last year I was so ill that for some time it was - feared I might go into consumption. I was medically treated, and at - length permitted by my doctor to try what your exercises would do._ - - _I entered your School with weak heart, weak lungs, digestion sadly - impaired. After three lessons, with persistent home work, I began very - slowly to gain strength and an appetite, and now, at the end of my - course, I am quite a new creature--full of vitality and energy._ - - _The upper part of the lung, which was the chief cause of my trouble, - is quite healed and healthy. I never know now what it is to feel pain - and tightness in the bronchial tubes, from which I constantly suffered - in the past. My digestive organs too are quite well._ - - I have gained in weight 7 lbs. - ” ” round the neck 1 in. - ” ” in the chest (contracted) 3½ ins. - ” ” ” ” (expanded) 4 ins. - ” ” ” forearm 2½ ins. - ” ” ” upper arm 2½ ins. - ” ” in lung capacity 100 cbc. ins. - - _I should be quite pleased to be of use to you at any time in - recommending to weak ones, who may be timid to commence the work, the - immense benefit to be derived from it, by my own personal experience. - I should like also to mention the very kind and careful treatment - I have received both from your Manager, Mr. Clease, and the Class - Instructor. They give the weak ones their particular attention, so - that in working one is never over-worked._ - - _I remain, - Yours gratefully_, - MARY E. S. ADAMS. - - -EBURY STREET SCHOOL. - -COPY OF MEASUREMENT SHEET. - -_Name_:—MISS ADAMS. - -_Address_:--Marlborough Road, Watford. - -_Result of Medical Examination_:—“Very Bad.” - -_Nature of Illness_:—“The doctors say consumption.” - -_Remarks_:—“This is the weakest case I have ever had to treat.” - - Before After After - Training. 6 weeks. 3 months. Increases. - Neck 11 11¾ 12 1 - Chest Contracted 28 30½ 31½ 3½ - ” Expanded 30 33 35 5 - Upper Arm, Right 8½ 10 11 2½ - ” Left 8 10 10½ 2½ - Fore Arm, Right 8¼ 9½ 10¾ 2½ - ” Left 8¼ 9½ 10¼ 2 - Waist 22 23 23 1 - Thigh, Right 16 17½ 18½ 2½ - ” Left 16 17½ 18½ 2½ - Calf, Right 10¾ 11¼ 11¾ 1 - ” Left 10¾ 11¼ 11¾ 1 - Height 5ft. 6in. 5ft. 6½in. 5ft. 7in. 1in. - Weight 7st. 2lb. 7st. 8lb. 7st. 9lb. 7lb. - Lung Capacity 100 170 200 100 - Chest Expansion 2 2½ 3½ 1½ - - - 57, GLOUCESTER TERRACE, W., - - _March 12th, 1899_. - - DEAR SIR, - - _I am glad to take this opportunity of saying how very much my health - has benefited in every way from your system of Physical Culture. It - always gives me great pleasure to recommend the same to my friends._ - - _I am_, - - _Yours faithfully_, - - JULIA F. M. JOHNSTON. - -E. SANDOW, ESQ. - - -EBURY STREET SCHOOL. - -COPY OF MEASUREMENT SHEET. - -_Name_:—MISS J. F. M. JOHNSTON. - -_Address_:--57, Gloucester Terrace, W. - - Before After After - Training. 6 weeks. 3 months. Increases. - Neck 12⅜ 13 13¼ ⅞ - Chest Contracted 29½ 31 31½ 2 - ” Expanded 32 36½ 37 5 - Upper Arm, Right 10 12 12½ 2½ - ” Left 10⅛ 12 12½ 2⅜ - Fore Arm, Right 9½ 10¼ 10½ 1 - ” Left 8¾ 10¼ 10½ 1¾ - Waist 24 24 24½ ½ - Thigh, Right 18½ 19½ 19¾ 1¼ - ” Left 18½ 19½ 19¾ 1¼ - Calf, Right 12 13 13¼ 1¼ - ” Left 12 13 13¼ 1¼ - Height 5ft. 4⅜in. 5ft. 4¾in. — ⅜ - Weight 8st. 3lb. 8st. 4lb. 8st. 6lb. 3lb. - Lung Capacity 200 219 222 22 - Chest Expansion 2½ 5½ 5½ 3 - - -[Illustration: THOS. A. FOX.] - - - 23, CHURCH ROW, - LIMEHOUSE, E., - _December 3rd_. - - MR. E. SANDOW, - - DEAR SIR, - - _I write these few lines to convey to you my thanks and gratitude for - the boon you have given me and the public at large. I refer to your - excellent book on how to gain health, muscle, and strength._ - - _I procured one about two years ago, and have studied and practised - the drills incessantly since. The result is far beyond my - expectations. I am nineteen years of age and small of stature, being - only five feet in height and seven stone in weight, yet, without - exaggeration, I can say that my strength and muscular development - would do credit to a man six feet high._ - - _I have gained this solely by your system and cannot praise it too - highly._ - - _Another great advantage over other systems is the small outlay - required, as I have obtained for a few shillings all that is necessary - to train with, whereas if I had trained under another system I should - have had to have made a much larger outlay for apparatus._ - - _I enclose a list stating what I have gained in strength and muscle - since I started training._ - - _It will always be a great pleasure to me to answer any questions - concerning your system, likewise interview anyone who might be - desirous of seeing me._ - - _I remain, - Yours truly_, - THOS. A. FOX. - - -_Name_:—T. A. FOX. - -_Address_:--23, CHURCH ROW, LIMEHOUSE, E. - - MEASUREMENTS. - - BEFORE TRAINING. AFTER TRAINING. - - Chest 29 inches 32½ inches - Chest (expanded) 30 ” 34 ” - Biceps 10 ” 13 ” - Forearm 9½ ” 12 ” - Thigh 16½ ” 20 ” - Calf 11 ” 13 ” - Waist 26 ” 26 ” - - ——————————————— - - HEAVY WEIGHT-LIFTING. - - BEFORE TRAINING. - - {Right hand 56lb dumb-bell. - From ground above {Left hand 46lb ” - head {Both hands 84lb bar. - - Holding at arm’s length} Right hand 22lb weight. - straight from shoulder } Left hand 20lb ” - - ——————————————— - - After two years’ training under your system. - - {Right hand 100lb dumb-bell. - From ground above {Left hand 80lb ” - head {Both hands 130lb ” - - Holding at arm’s length } Right hand 40lb weight. - straight from shoulder } Left hand 30lb ” - - -[Illustration: JOHN P. PETERS. (Before Training.)] - - -[Illustration: JOHN P. PETERS. (After Training.)] - - - MON REPOS, - 66A, HERNE HILL, - LONDON, S.E., - - _March 6th_. - - MANAGER CLEASE, - - DEAR SIR, - - _It is just over three years since I started to improve my physical - power by means of the Sandow system, and I take this opportunity - of forwarding some photographs taken at different periods. In what - measure I have succeeded can best be seen by comparison of my original - efforts and my present attainments, of which I also forward a list. - Although they are as yet nothing to boast about or sufficiently - great to be handed down to posterity, they are the result of close - application to the system Mr. Sandow originated, and by means of - which, in a few years, I hope to attain the culmination of human - strength, and, if possible, to rival that of Sandow himself, for I am - a firm believer in starting with an almost unattainable ideal, then - gradually coming within measurable distance of it, and eventually, - perhaps, to reach it. To do this will require the exercise of many - mental qualities, determination, perseverance, and endurance. I - suppose there are many young men like myself in whom Mr. Sandow has - awakened a latent ambition to muscular prowess, and in doing so I - state without any hesitation that he alone has done as much good for - the country as any man of the present century._ - - _I can only conclude with expressing my deep gratitude to Mr. Sandow - for the splendid facilities he has offered to those who wish to be - classed as nature’s men (which is indeed the duty of man), and in - doing so I am but echoing the sentiments of many of his pupils._ - - _I have the honour to be, - Faithfully yours_, - - JOHN D. PETERS. - - - EBURY STREET SCHOOL. - - ——————————————— - - COPY OF MEASUREMENT SHEET. - - ——————————————— - -_Name_:—JOHN PETERS. - -_Address_:--66a, Herne Hill, S.E. - - Before After - Training. Course. Increase. - - Neck 16 18½ 2½ - Chest, contracted 38 40 2 - ” expanded 44 47 3 - Upper Arm, Right 15¾ 17½ 1¾ - ” Left 15 17 2 - Forearm, Right 13 15 2 - ” Left 12¼ 14½ 2¼ - Waist 30 30 — - Thigh, Right 23½ 24½ 1 - ” Left 23¾ 24¼ ½ - Calf, Right 15½ 16½ 1 - ” Left 15½ 16 ½ - Height 5ft. 11in. 6ft. ⅜in. 1¼ - Weight 13 st. 13st. 6lb 6 - Lung Capacity 276 320 44 - Chest Expansion 6 7 1 - - ——————————————— - -Mr. Peters is a fine weight-lifter, having accomplished the splendid -feat of raising 210lb from the floor to arms’ length above the head, -_using one hand only_. This is probably the amateur record. As he is -only 23 years old there is yet plenty of time for him to far eclipse -even this striking feat. - - - 30, GUILDFORD STREET, - RUSSELL SQUARE, - W.C., - - _13th March_. - - DEAR SIR, - - _It affords me much pleasure in stating that since I commenced taking - your course of instruction I have greatly increased in strength and - physical development--my biceps having increased two inches, and my - other muscles proportionately. I am convinced that a course of your - instruction would prove beneficial to any one, whether naturally - muscular or otherwise. Your system is one of such gradual progression - that it cannot fail to strengthen the constitution of a person even in - a delicate state of health. I shall have much pleasure in recommending - your School of Physical Culture to my friends._ - - _Yours sincerely_, - - LESLIE HOOD. - - EUGEN SANDOW, ESQ. - - -[Illustration: LESLIE HOOD.] - - - EBURY STREET SCHOOL. - - ——————————————— - - COPY OF MEASUREMENT SHEET. - - ——————————————— - -_Name_:—L. HOOD.[2] - -_Address_:--30, Guildford St., W.C. - - Before After Increases. - Training. 3 months. - - Neck 15 16 1 - Chest Contracted 35½ 36 ½ - ” Expanded 38⅝ 42 3⅜ - Upper Arm, Right 13⅞ 15¼ 1⅜ - ” ” Left 13⅞ 14¾ ⅞ - Fore Arm, Right 12 13¼ 1¼ - ” ” Left 11⅞ 13 1⅛ - Waist 28½ 29½ 1 - Thigh, Right 22 22¾ ¾ - ” Left 21¾ 22½ ¾ - Calf, Right 14¾ 15 ⅜ - ” Left 14⅛ 14½ ⅜ - Height 5ft. 7¼in. — — - Weight 10st. 8lbs 10st.9lbs. 1 - Lung Capacity 281 — — - Chest Expansion 3⅛ 6 2⅞ - -[2] This pupil had been working three months before joining this -school, hence the increases are not so marked as in the case of a -beginner. - - -[Illustration: ROLAND HASTINGS] - - - 34, DUKE STREET, - ST. JAMES’S, S.W., - _March 4th, 1899_. - - DEAR MR. SANDOW, - -_Not often is it given to us in this life to sow our seed and gather in -the full fruits of the same. Therefore it is with more than ordinary -pleasure that I write this letter to say that with your system of -Physical Culture this extremely satisfactory result is to be obtained._ - - _When first I joined your school some four or five months ago I was - a very fair average specimen of a young Englishman (and our national - thews and sinews are by no means to be despised), but owing, in a - great measure, I suppose, to my city life, I had run a little to seed, - and more than once had required the aid of doctors and tonics. The - advice of the former invariably ended with the same formula, “take - more exercise.”_ - - _I was quite ready to agree with them, as during my holidays in the - country, when I was exercising in one form or another nearly the whole - day, I felt quite a different man and as fit as possible._ - - _But work in the city is a little difficult to reconcile with plenty - of exercise. Some time previously Mr. Sandow had opened his school - for Physical Culture, and having often admired him and his feats from - afar, I resolved to go to him._ - - _I am a business man, and from a business point of view I never did a - better stroke of business in my life._ - - _I am a mortal being, and speaking from a human point of view I never - in my life came to a happier conclusion than when I resolved to become - a pupil of the School of Physical Culture. I have increased in girth - and weight without scarcely a superfluous ounce of flesh._ - - _My working capabilities and staying powers are all doubled, and what - before was an effort has now become a pleasure. Indigestion, torpid - lassitudes, rasped nerves, and jaded appetite, are to me now unknown - quantities._ - - _With splendid appetite, long peaceful nights, and wondrous powers - of vigour and vitality, I can face the world and with a deep sense - of gratitude say, this is what Mr. Sandow and his system of Physical - Culture have done for me._ - - _Yours sincerely_, ROLAND HASTINGS. - - _P.S.--I may add I am a pupil at the St. James’s Street School._ - - - ST. JAMES’S STREET SCHOOL. - - ——————————————— - - COPY OF MEASUREMENT SHEET. - - ——————————————— - -_Name_:—ROLAND HASTINGS. - -_Address_:--Southsea House, Threadneedle St., E.C. - - Before After Increases - Training. 3 Months. - - Neck 14½ 16¾ 2¼ - Chest Contracted 34½ 36 1½ - ” Expanded 36½ 43¼ 6¾ - Upper Arm, Right 11¾ 15 3¼ - ” Left 11⅝⅝ 15 3⅜ - Fore Arm, Right 11⅞ 14 2⅛ - ” Left 11⅞ 14 2⅛ - Waist 29¼ 30¾ 1½ - Thigh, Right 20½ 22½ 2 - ” Left 20½ 22½ 2 - Calf, Right 13½ 14¼ ¾ - ” Left 13⅝ 14¼ ⅝ - Height 5ft. 7½in 5ft. 7½in — - Weight 10st. 4lbs 11st. 4lbs 1st. - Lung Capacity 255 — — - Chest Expansion 2 7¼ 5¼ - - -[Illustration: A. FOULKES.] - - - 18, ST. STEPHEN’S ROAD, - BAYSWATER, W., - _March 10th, 1899_. - - DEAR SIR, - - _Your system has certainly done me a lot of good and freshened me up, - although I can hardly claim to have tested it fairly, as I must plead - guilty to having done none of the exercises out of the school during - the three months’ course that I have just concluded there._ - - _Attending the school obviates three defects in working by yourself_:— - - (_i._) _You learn--not merely the exercises--but the way to do them._ - - (_ii._) _You get an instructor who knows his work, and keeps you at - yours._ - - (_iii._) _You are stimulated by seeing others working in the same - room._ - - _The only disadvantage I can see in the system is that, if rigidly - followed, you would soon be driven to patronise a fresh tailor._ - - _I was warned not to get muscle-bound by taking the course; I now - cannot see how this can happen, unless you neglect some of the - exercises entirely. I hope, at some future date, you will receive - a better account of your system with regard to measurements and - developments from_ - - _Yours truly_, - ARTHUR FOULKES. - - - ST. JAMES’S STREET SCHOOL. - - ——————————————— - - COPY OF MEASUREMENT SHEET. - - ——————————————— - -_Name_:—A. FOULKES. - -ADDRESS:--18, St. Stephen’s Road, Bayswater. - - Before After - Training. 3 Months. Increases - - Neck 14⅞ 17¼ 2⅜ - Chest Contracted 34½ 33½ — - ” Expanded 38½ 42¼ 3¾ - Upper Arm, Right 12½ 14½ 2 - ” Left 11¾ 14¼ 2½ - Fore Arm, Right 11¾ 13 1¼ - ” Left 11¾ 13 1¼ - Waist 30¼ 31½ 1¼ - Thigh, Right 22½ 24 1½ - ” Left 22½ 24 1½ - Calf, Right 14⅜ 14¾ ⅜ - ” Left 14¼ 14¾ ½ - Height 6ft. 6ft. — - Weight 12st. 1½lb. 12st. 7lbs. 5½ - Lung Capacity 320 340 20 - Chest Expansion 4 8¾ 4¾ - - - 3, BURLINGTON ROAD, - BAYSWATER, W., - _March 10th, 1899_. - - F. A. HANSARD, ESQ. - - DEAR SIR, - - _With regard to my opinion of Mr. Sandow’s system I cannot speak too - highly of it._ - - _I commenced the three months’ course when in poor health, brought - about by malarial fever, but after attending Mr. Sandow’s school for - two months I felt better than I had ever done previously._ - - _The increase in measurements which you have recorded is the result of - two hours’ conscientious work a week only._ - - _It would be fair to mention that when only 6 lessons remained before - the completion of the course, my exercises were interrupted owing to a - broken collar-bone. With better luck, these increases would possibly - have been greater._ - - _I am, Sir_, - _Yours truly_, - C. FOULKES. - - -[Illustration: C. FOULKES.] - - - ST. JAMES’S STREET SCHOOL. - - ——————————————— - - COPY OF MEASUREMENT SHEET. - - ——————————————— - -_Name_:—C. FOULKES. - -_Address_:--War Office, Pall Mall. - - Before After - Training. 3 Months. Increases. - - Neck 15 16¾ 1¾ - Chest Contracted 33 35 2 - ” Expanded 38 43 5 - Upper Arm, Right 12⅝ 14½ 1⅞ - ” Left 12¼ 14 1¾ - Fore Arm, Right 11½ 13½ 2 - ” Left 11 13⅛ 2⅛ - Waist 30½ 31 ½ - Thigh, Right 21 23 2 - ” Left 21 23 2 - Calf, Right 14¼ 14¾ ½ - ” Left 14¼ 14¾ ½ - Height 5ft. 9½in. 5ft. 9½in. — - Weight 11st. 1½lbs. 11st. 4lbs. 2½ - Lung Capacity 310 373 63 - Chest Expansion 5 8 3 - - -[Illustration: J. A. SINCLAIR.] - - - YORK PLACE, - MANCHESTER, - _February, 1899_. - - MR. E. SANDOW. - - DEAR SIR, - - _I have much pleasure in enclosing a copy of my measurements taken - at the end of last December. I am a pupil attending your Manchester - School, and cannot speak too highly of your system, or the manner in - which it is taught by your instructors._ - - _Wishing you every success_, - _Believe me_, - _Yours very sincerely_, - J. A. SINCLAIR. - - - OXFORD STREET SCHOOL (MANCHESTER). - - ——————————————— - - COPY OF MEASUREMENT SHEET. - - ——————————————— - -_Name_:—J. A. SINCLAIR. - -_Address_:--York Place, Manchester. - - After - Before 3 Months’ Increases. - Training. Course. - Sept. 18th, Dec. 28th, - 1898. 1898. - - Neck 14½ 15⅞ 1⅜ - Chest Contracted[3] 35½ 35 ½ - ” Expanded 37 41¼ 4¼ - Upper Arm, Right 14 16⅜ 2⅜ - ” Left 14 16¼ 2¼ - Fore Arm, Right 11⅞ 14 2⅛ - ” Left 11⅝ 13¾ 2⅛ - Waist 31 31 — - Thigh, Right 22¼ 24¾ 2½ - ” Left 21¾ 24¼ 2½ - Calf, Right 14 14⅞ ⅞ - ” Left 13¾ 14¾ 1 - Height 5ft. 5¼in. 5ft. 5½in. ⅜ - Weight 11st. 6½lbs. 12st. 0lbs. 7½ - Lung Capacity 240 275 35 - Chest Expansion 1½ 6¼ 4¾ - -[3] It will be noted that the size of the Chest when contracted is -slightly smaller than before training; this is not unusual, and denotes -that more control has been obtained over the muscles of the chest, and -consequently its walls can be drawn closer together. - - -[Illustration: HAROLD L. BUTLER.] - - - HIGH LAWN, - BOLTON-LE-MOORS, - _March 16th, 1899_. - - DEAR MR. SANDOW, - - _After six months training as a pupil at your School of Physical - Culture (Manchester), I now feel qualified to judge as to the merits - of your system._ - - _For the perfect and symmetrical development of the human form I can - conceive of nothing which rivals the dumb-bell and rubber exercises as - taught and practised in your gymnasia._ - - _For the promotion of lost health, due to bodily neglect; as a - cure for insomnia, and many abdominal disorders, it needs no - recommendation._ - - _Concerning my personal improvement, little need be said, sufficient - to say I never felt better in my life, and recent weight-lifting tests - have proved me to be possessed of nearly double my former strength._ - - _Nor has my speed or activity suffered in the least (which so many, - erroneously, consider to be the inevitable result of such training). - On the contrary, I feel as capable of doing my 10⅖ for the 100 as ever - I did._ - - _Believe me_, - _Yours very truly_, - HAROLD L. BUTLER. - - - CASTELUAN, - WIMBLEDON HILL, S.W., - _March 8th, 1899_. - - DEAR SIR, - - _Having been under your system for a little over a year, I should like - to add a few words in praise of your system generally. I hardly think - that actual figures as to measurements and weight-lifting, give any - adequate idea of the general benefits received by anyone who takes up - Physical Culture thoroughly and puts his back into it._ - - _If figures are any guide to you, however, I may quote the following, - which were all taken at your School in Ebury Street._ - - _My lung capacity has increased from 283 to 417 cubic inches, my chest - expansion from 39½ to 42¼, thigh from 20½ to 22⅝, and calf from 13⅞ to - 15¼._ - - _In weight-lifting I can raise 125 lbs. from the ground with my right - hand above head by means of the body-press, instead of 60 lbs. With - two hands I can jerk 165 lbs. instead of 85 lbs., and I can hold out - at arm’s length with my right hand 45 lbs. instead of 20 lbs._ - - _Your system has so generally benefited my whole physique, however, - that I consider my health has improved to an extent far beyond any - actual increase in figures._ - - _One of the grandest benefits of Physical Culture is, to my mind, the - increase of will power and general concentration, which can never be - measured in any actual way, but which is bound to appear in after - life, in short becomes an integral part of his character._ - - _Yours truly_, - CLAUDE BARTON. - - - 26, GORDON MANSIONS, W.C., - _March 21st, 1899_. - - DEAR MR. SANDOW, - - _I am glad to be able to say a few words about your system of Physical - Culture. I write feelingly, for I can scarcely express how grateful I - am for what it has done for me. A few years back I became unpleasantly - conscious that a careless disregard for my health was beginning to - unfavourably affect my work before the British public. Notwithstanding - the indulgence shown me by audiences in all the musical centres, I - could not disguise from myself the unpalatable fact that, as a result - of neglecting a cold and getting generally “run down,” my singing - voice was becoming seriously impaired. And so it remained until chance - led me to your school of Physical Culture, and to renew the active - bodily exercise which I had dropped for so long. The result was - eminently satisfactory; I was soon once more able to fulfil my public - engagements with reasonable satisfaction to myself and, I trust, some - pleasure to my audiences. I entirely attribute the return of my powers - to the course I went through on your system._ - - _Actors and singers do not need great muscular strength, but they - do most emphatically require health, and, of course, health and - reasonable development go together. No man is such a slave to his - physical condition as the actor or lyric artist. However great his - talent, he cannot give expression to it if the machine be out of - repair; his physical health is obviously his most valuable asset. For - this reason alone I am sure that every member of my profession would - be well advised to get into the way of devoting a few minutes every - day to your exercises. The lyric artist especially would find his - voice improve, his spirits be more exuberant, and his general vitality - at a very much higher level. In addition he would in most cases - discover in a very short time that his figure and limbs were so much - improved that his former expenditure upon lambs-wool tights, padding, - &c., would be entirely obviated._ - - _I am_, - _Yours very faithfully_, - ALEC MARSH. - - -[Illustration: MARTINUS SIEVEKING.] - - - - - PART II. - - INCIDENTS OF MY PROFESSIONAL CAREER. - -[Illustration: Sandow at the age of ten.] - - - - - INCIDENTS - OF MY - PROFESSIONAL CAREER. - - - - -CHAPTER I. - -MY CHILDHOOD AND BOYHOOD. - - -It is not necessary, as some may think, to be born strong in order -to become strong. Unlike the poet, who, we are told, has to be born -a poet, the strong man can make himself. As a child, I was myself -exceedingly delicate. More than once, indeed, my life was despaired -of. Until I was in my tenth year I scarcely knew what strength was. -Then it happened that I saw it in bronze and stone. My father took me -with him to Italy, and in the art galleries of Rome and Florence I was -struck with admiration for the finely developed forms of the sculptured -figures of the athletes of old. I remember asking my father if people -were as well developed in these modern times. He pointed out that they -were not, and explained that these were the figures of men who lived -when might was right, when men’s own arms were their weapons, and often -their lives depended upon their physical strength. Moreover, they knew -nothing of the modern luxuries of civilization, and, besides their -training and exercise, their muscles, in the ordinary course of daily -life, were always being brought prominently into play. - -The memory of these muscular figures were ever present, and when we -returned home to Konigsberg I wanted to become strong like them. But -though I used to try my strength and attend the gymnasium, nothing came -of my desire for some years. - -So until I was eighteen I remained delicate. At that age I began to -study anatomy. It was thus I ascertained the best means of developing -the body, and invented the system of giving each individual muscle -a movement, and of so arranging the form of the exercises that when -some muscles are brought into play others are relaxed and left without -strain. - -About fifteen minutes every day was the average time devoted to special -exercise at this period. It may be useful to remark here that no -particular form of diet was adopted. I ate and drank in the ordinary -way. It may be said at once that I have no belief in special diet; I -have always eaten and drunk that which my fancy dictated, but I have -always taken care to avoid anything in the nature of excess. There is -no better guide to good living than moderation. That is a fact I am -always anxious to impress upon my pupils. Let them be moderate in all -things, and they need fear no interruption in gaining strength by my -system of training. - - -[Illustration: The author] - - - - -CHAPTER II. - -HOW I CAME TO LONDON AND DEFEATED SAMSON. - - -The years of my life between eighteen and twenty-one may be passed -over with the remark that they saw a steady gain of strength and some -occasional performances as an amateur athlete and wrestler. - -In 1889 I made the acquaintance of Aubrey Hunt, the artist, who was -then at Venice. One of the most charming views in the neighbourhood was -to be gained from the grounds of my villa near Ledo. Naturally Mr. Hunt -wished to paint it, and it was a pleasure to be able to afford him the -facility. One result of our acquaintance was that Mr. Hunt painted me -in the character of a gladiator in the Coliseum at Rome. This picture, -which I prize very highly, is to be seen in the reception room at my -St. James’ Street school. I am told that it is a very striking likeness. - -It was from Mr. Hunt that I learned that Samson was offering, at the -Royal Aquarium in London, £100 to the person who could perform the -feats of his pupil, Cyclops, and £1,000 to anyone who could beat his -own. Mr. Hunt suggested that I should accept the challenge, and it was -my original intention to come to London with him. It was ultimately -decided, however, that I should start without delay, and the journey to -England was made on the same day that I first heard of the challenge. - -Arriving in London at six o’clock in the evening, I went to Mr. Attila, -a friend whom I had previously met at Brussels, to ask him to act as -interpreter, for at that time I was unable to speak English. Mr. Attila -not only promised his services, but gave me fresh hope by expressing -his assurance that everything that Samson and his pupil could do I -could accomplish easily. - -We determined that the challenge should be accepted that night. With -Mr. Albert Fleming to act as agent, we went at once to the Aquarium. -When Samson appeared on the stage he gave the usual challenge. -Apparently to his surprise, Mr. Fleming accepted it, asking him if he -had the £100 at hand. Samson replied that there would be no difficulty -about the money, but Mr. Fleming insisted on seeing it, and the note -was accordingly produced. Samson was then asked if he had the £1,000 -ready, and he promised that it would be forthcoming in the event of the -defeat of his pupil. - -The preliminary arrangements having been completed, and the note for -£100 handed to Captain Molesworth, the manager of the Aquarium, I -walked up to the stage. Seeing me in evening dress, the audience were -unable to realise that I stood the slightest chance of defeating the -strong man and his pupil. They even shouted to Samson not to heed me, -but to get on with his performance. It seemed evident to them that I -was unequal to the task that had been undertaken, and Samson himself -burst out laughing when he saw me. The coolness and indifference of -this first reception in London were not, perhaps, unnatural, for -in evening dress there was nothing, as everyone said at the time, -specially remarkable about my appearance. But when I took off my -coat, and the people could see the muscular development, the tone of -indifference changed immediately to surprise and curiosity. Samson and -Cyclops themselves shared the general astonishment, though they did not -allow their surprise to be shown for more than a moment, Samson being -heard to remark, “We will beat him, anyhow.” - -The first feat which Cyclops performed was to lift over his head two -weights of 56 lbs. each, lowering them with arms fully extended. This -performance I repeated. Cyclops next took the bar bell, weighing 240 -lbs., and with two hands lifted it from the ground over his head. -When the audience saw that for the second time the same feat could -be accomplished with ease they began to cheer; and I repeated the -performance, after Cyclops, using only one hand. - -All this time Samson, anxious of the issue, kept asking me in asides in -French to let him know my history. As, however, he did not, or would -not, speak in German, he had to remain in ignorance. - -The performance proceeded, and now Cyclops took with one hand a -dumb-bell weighing 210lbs., and extending it at arm’s length, bent down -and raised over his head with the other a second dumb-bell, of 100lbs. -weight. - -When I repeated this feat, it was thought that the challenge had -been won, for this was the end of the performance for which it was -understood it was offered. Mr. Fleming, accordingly, asked for the -£100, but Samson refused, saying that the whole performance would have -to be repeated and continued until one of the two competitors gave in. -Nothing less would satisfy him as to which of the two was the stronger. -On this point the audience disagreed, and called on him to hand over -the money. Appeal was made to Captain Molesworth, who addressing the -audience, promised to see fair play. He could not agree, he said, with -Mr. Samson that it was fair that the performance should be continued -until one of them dropped from sheer exhaustion, but he suggested that -Cyclops should introduce two fresh feats, and that if I could repeat -them the money should be mine without further question. - -Although the audience still maintained that the challenge had been won, -I expressed, through my interpreter, perfect willingness to perform not -two only, but twenty more feats, should Cyclops wish to try them. - -The first of the two extra feats was then taken: Cyclops lying on his -back, raised a weight of 240 lbs. with two men sitting on it, and when -the men jumped off he himself stood up, raising the weight with him. -This performance I also repeated. - -Now came the final effort. At the side of the stage stood a great -stone, weighing, I should think, about 500 lbs. On this stone were -secured the two 56lb. weights. Two chairs were brought, and Cyclops, -standing on them, in order to get a position above the stone and its -weights, raised the whole load with his middle finger some four inches -above the ground. - -When this performance had been repeated by me, Samson acknowledged -that that part of the challenge relating to Cyclops had been won, and -offered to hand over the £100. - -My interpreter then explained that I had not come to London to win -merely the £100; I had come for the greater sum, the £1,000, in fact, -which had been offered to any person who should defeat Samson himself. - -Samson, who was clearly surprised at the issue, replied that he was -not prepared to meet me that night, and though the public disapproved -of the postponement, it was eventually decided with Captain Molesworth -that the test should be made on the following Saturday evening. - -The eventful evening which was to decide the issue between us fell on -the 2nd of November, 1889. Never, it was said, had the Royal Aquarium -been so densely crowded. The people began to arrive as early as two -o’clock in the afternoon. When I reached the building, in company with -Captain Molesworth, Mr. Attila, and Mr. Fleming, twenty minutes before -the hour announced for the challenge to be taken up, it was literally -impossible to get through the crowd. - -Here, at the very outset, was a difficulty of a new and an unexpected -character. What was to be done? To try to get through the enormous -throng in twenty minutes was obviously hopeless. Willing as the crowd -might be to let us pass it was beyond their power to make way for us. -We determined, therefore, to go to the stage door, and here a further -difficulty presented itself. We could not gain admission; no one would -open the heavy door. The man behind had received the strictest orders -to prevent anyone from entering. In vain did Captain Molesworth implore -him to let us through, explaining who we were. The man was obdurate. -He said that he was very sorry, but he failed to recognise Captain -Molesworth’s voice, and he could not disobey explicit instructions. - -All the time the precious minutes were flying, and the hour when -the challenge was to be met had actually arrived. It was, indeed, an -anxious and a trying moment. We heard afterwards that when the hour of -the challenge came and Samson saw that I was not there, he strutted up -and down the stage, exclaiming: “Ah! see, he does not come! I thought -he would not meet me. I will give him five minutes, nay, ten minutes -more.” He took out his watch, the minutes were speeding, and still -Samson stood alone. - -Meanwhile, resolved not to be baffled by this absurd mischance, it was -determined that, as fair words would not open the door, strength should -smash it open. A blow well directed, and the door was burst from its -hinges. The man inside was slightly injured by this rough method, but a -ten pound note served to solace Ins feelings, and to heal his wounds. -And we--well, we just managed to save the challenge by the space of -half-a-minute. - -The Marquís of Queensberry and Lord de Clifford were appointed judges, -and they examined closely all the bars, bells, weights, and chains -that were to be used in the performance. Samson first desired that I -should follow him in some juggling feat with a water bottle, but the -judges decided that this was not in the order of the performance. Only -such tests of actual strength as Samson was in the habit of displaying -could now be allowed. Samson, abiding by this decision, took a large -iron bar and bent it over his calf, his arms, and his neck, just as, in -a similar way, by striking it on the muscles of the arm, one may bend -a poker. The thing is little more than a trick. Of course, muscle is -essential to its successful performance; for if you have no muscle you -will hit the bone, with the danger of breaking it. Such a performance, -although there is a certain knack in doing it gracefully, and with -ease, was not difficult to follow. - -Samson next took a wire cable, winding it round his chest, under his -arms, and then breaking it. This feat, which is performed by inflating -the lungs and at the same time contracting the muscles of the chest, I -was also able to repeat. - -By the third item in the display it seemed that Samson desired to -leave the issue of the challenge in doubt, for it consisted in snapping -a chain which encircled his arm. This armlet, which fitted Samson -well enough, was too small for me. Fortunately I was prepared for the -emergency. I had ascertained where the chain was bought, and had got -the same firm to make me an armlet of exactly the same strength, of -a size suitable to my larger development. When I produced it, Samson -at first refused to be satisfied that it would be a fair test, but a -representative of the firm who made it stood up in the auditorium and -assured the public that it was of the same strength as that of the -chain made for Samson. The judges examined it, together with the paper -which testified to the equality of strength, and decided that the test -would be perfectly fair and that the performance was to continue. I -placed the chain on my arm and broke it. - -Samson was still dissatisfied, and I made the offer that if either he -or his pupil, Cyclops, could repeat my performance with a dumb-bell -which I had at hand, we would declare the result a draw, and he could -keep his £1,000. The dumb-bell, which was then brought on to the stage, -weighed 280lbs. With one hand I lifted it up, then laid down, and -finally stood up with it. After that feat I fastened some chains round -my arms, then took a dumb-bell weighing 220lbs., raised it to my chest -and burst the chains before releasing it. - -“I have had enough of this,” now exclaimed Samson. “It’s all humbug, I -don’t call this fair play at all.” - -The judges, however, were sufficiently satisfied, and Mr. Fleming asked -for the £1,000. The reply was that it should be paid in the morning, -but it remains to be added that I never received that £1,000. It was -stated that Samson had taken his money away, and in the end I agreed to -accept £350 from the management of the Aquarium in settlement of the -challenge. - -When we left the Aquarium after the contest the great crowd followed -us cheering, and the four-wheeled cab into which we got, was lifted up -by these enthusiasts. The crowd cheered us all the way to my rooms in -Leicester-square; newspaper men poured in to interview me; and though -I had then no intention of giving performances in public, I was induced -to accept one of numerous offers, of £150 a week, made by a syndicate -of the members of the Lyric Club, and I commenced an engagement at the -Alhambra, giving Mr. Attila £30 a week to assist me. - -I spent three months at the Alhambra, and three months in the -provinces, and entered into engagements for some years to come. - -The reader will probably ask if special means were adopted during this -and succeeding engagements to maintain my strength. The answer is very -simple: The performance itself provides the necessary amount of daily -training. I eat, drink, smoke, and sleep quite in the ordinary way, -taking care to observe in all things that guiding rule of moderation to -which reference is made in the preceding chapter. I only practice, in -order that grace and perfection may be attained, when some new feat is -introduced. Personally it may be added, I find that the best time for a -performance is about three hours after a meal. - - -[Illustration] - - - - -CHAPTER III. - -I MEET GOLIATH. - - -At the end of my first engagement in London and the provinces, I -went to Germany for a holiday. Driving out one day at Aachen, I met -a veritable giant. He was a quarryman, and he was engaged in loading -stones. So huge and extraordinary was his appearance that my horse -positively shied at him. - -Imagine, if you can, this tremendous fellow: his head as huge and -grotesque as that of any pantomime mask, with a nose the size of an -ordinary fist. As for his own fist, it would have made more than three -of mine, and when a five-shilling piece was placed beneath the ball of -his finger, believe me, it was impossible to see it. So large were his -boots that not only could I get both my feet into one, but I could turn -entirely round inside. And yet, strangely enough, despite his immense -limbs and body, he was not an extraordinarily tall man. A little more -than six feet; six feet two-and-a-half inches, in fact, was his height. -His chest measurement was about eighty inches and his weight 400lbs. He -was not a fat man in proportion to his size. Quite the contrary. He was -bony and muscular. - -The thought occurred to me as soon as I saw him that to give him a -part in a performance as a modern Goliath would be, from a popular -point of view, eminently attractive. I asked him what wages he was -earning. “Five marks a day,” he replied. It appeared that he was given -nearly double the pay of an ordinary labourer because he could lift -heavier weights and load the carts more quickly. I told him that if he -liked to accept an engagement with me I would give him twenty marks -a day, whether he worked or not. A German mark, as everyone knows, -is equivalent to an English shilling. The giant quarry man could -scarcely credit such good fortune, and eventually it was agreed that -he should come to my house to talk the proposal over, and have his -strength tested. When he came it was found that he could do nothing -more than lift heavy weights from the floor. He had never put himself -into training, and his exceptional proportions, which, under different -circumstances, might have been turned to good account, were of no -special use to him. However, it was settled that he should come with -me, and I brought him to England. - -Well do I remember our arrival at Charing Cross. The huge size of -Goliath, whose real name, by the way, was Karl Westphal, attracted -the most pronounced attention. It was impossible to think of taking -a cab, for no cab would have held him, even if he had been able to -get inside it. There was, therefore, nothing for it but to walk to -my chambers, which were then in Rupert-street, Piccadilly. Thousands -of people followed us the whole way, and Rupert-street was blocked. -A giant, when you have got him, is rather like a white elephant. He -is a rare creature, but it is difficult to know what to do with him. -It would have been clearly unwise to let him go into the streets, and -accordingly he had to be kept indoors. For seven or eight weeks I tried -to train him, but he proved an idle fellow, and it became evident that -nothing much could be done with him. - -I had an engagement at that time at the Royal Music Hall, and a -performance was arranged in which Goliath had to surprise me, lumbering -after me across the stage, and trying to hold me in his grip. - -We wrestled together, and it was his business to make himself the -victor. Then, in order to finish me, he took a cannon, weighing -400lbs., and placing it on his broad shoulders, prepared to fire. In -a moment or so I returned with the clubs. It was now the turn of the -giant to show alarm, and gradually he had to retire, with the cannon -still on his back, into a frame of refuge. I at once climbed to the -top, and getting into a position above my antagonist, I lifted him, -his refuge, and his cannon, with one finger, a few inches off the -ground. During this part of the performance we fired the cannon, and -the whole display was brought to a conclusion by placing my arm through -a leathern belt which girt his waist, and carrying him at arm’s length -off the stage. - -What became of him after he left me I never heard. The last report was -that he had carried off his own landlady, and that the two had started -some sort of show together. - - -[Illustration] - - - - -CHAPTER IV. - -A PRESENTATION UNDER CURIOUS CIRCUMSTANCES. - - -After my engagement at the Royal came a holiday in Paris. It was there -I met a very dear school friend, whom I had not seen since I was about -ten years of age. My friend’s father was at this time German Consul at -Paris. The incident which followed our meeting will be better explained -by prefacing the story with the statement that as boys we were great -billiard players. We were continually playing at each other’s houses, -and, though we were such mere lads, we could even beat our fathers at -the game. Nothing, therefore, was more natural than that, when we met, -my friend should ask me if I was still a good player. As a matter of -fact I was not in practice, but that did not deter us from deciding to -try our skill. So we went to a room which he selected, and started a -game. He did not know then that I had made my strength a profession; he -was rather under the impression that I had followed my father’s desire -and studied medicine. However, the game began, and, as we talked a -good deal over old times and spoke in German and played rather slowly, -I suppose we unconsciously annoyed a party of Frenchmen. At any rate -they made unfriendly remarks, and before we had finished our game -they marked on the slate that they had engaged the table. Wishing to -play again, we were not disposed to give it up to people whose manner -was obviously offensive. As our right to continue was disputed, the -attendant was called, and it was pointed out that, according to the -regulations of the establishment, we were perfectly within our rights -in playing a second game. So we played on, and whilst we were joking -and laughing about old times they, it seems, thought we were making fun -of their discomfiture. - -When the game was finished we ordered two steaks, which were served -at a table behind the players. We were still laughing over old times -when one of the party came up, saying angrily, “I’ve had enough of your -laughter; if you don’t stop be sure I’ll make you.” - -I told him that I was very sorry that my mood offended him, and if I -could not laugh at our own personal jokes I should be sorrier still. -It was added that I did not wish to interfere with him, and it was -suggested also that he should attend to his own game and leave us alone. - -It was evident that he wished to pick a quarrel. Nor would hot words -suffice him. Vowing that he must give me something to remember him -by, he struck me across the face. Beneath this fresh insult I tried -to remain quite calm, telling my assailant that it would be certainly -better for him to take himself off and leave me alone. But at such -times, when the temper is quick, good advice is not heeded; moreover, -he probably thought he had to deal with some one of poor spirit. - -Whatever may have been in his mind the facts are plain: finding that -I took one blow calmly he struck me another and called me coward. My -friend, who had hitherto kept quiet, now attempted to interfere, but I -held him down, nearly wrenching his wrist round. The force which was -exerted must have given him an idea of the strength that was ready to -be used if it were needed, for looking first at his wrist and then at -me, he exclaimed in English, “Why don’t you knock the fellow down?” - -“So you speak English,” said the Frenchmen, “Why don’t you get up -and fight me?” With these words he struck me fiercely on the nose. -The blood streamed down my clothes, which were spoilt besides by the -gravy that was splashed on them in the disturbance from the dishes. My -appearance must have been deplorable, and as I was that morning wearing -a new suit, I lost my patience with the man. I walked slowly towards -him, and with a quick grip of his neck and knees, I picked him up, -knocked his head and knees together, and banged him down in the centre -of the table. The table broke through, and he fell to the ground. You -can imagine, I daresay, the scene of wreckage and consternation--the -smashed table, the man dazed, lying in a heap on the floor, his friends -around him open-mouthed with amazement. In the midst of this scene I -sat down with my friend and smoked a cigar. - -A gendarme was fetched. He entered the room and wanted to arrest me. -The proprietor caught hold of him, saying, “Be careful, he is an -awful man, he will kill you. You must have some assistance.” Four -more gendarmes were summoned, and, refusing to take me in a cab, they -marched me along to the police station. Some of the friends of the -man who was hurt accompanied us and explained to the authorities that -the regrettable affair was not my fault. They were sorry at what had -happened, and I was liberated on bail. - -Meanwhile they took their injured comrade to the hospital. He was still -unconscious, and in that condition he remained a day and a half. Being -sincerely sorry for the injury I had caused, I called at the hospital -and asked to see him, but he refused. - -As soon as he recovered, which was not for some weeks, I left Paris to -return to London to fulfil an engagement at the Tivoli. - -One night, whilst I was performing there, the porter brought me a -message asking if I would step up to see a gentleman and a party of -friends in a private box. When I went up I seemed to recognise the -face of the person who wished to see me, but I could not recall where -I had seen it before. The party invited me to take wine with them, and -nothing would satisfy them but my consent to be their guest at supper. - -When we reached the hotel, my host said: “I perceive, Mr. Sandow, you -have only pretended that you know me. You do not really recall my -identity.” - -It had to be confessed that he was right. - -“If you really knew me,” he proceeded, “you would probably not speak to -me.” - -“Why not?” I asked. “I speak to you because I seem to like you, surely -that is sufficient.” - -“We will see,” he added; “I have come a long way to see you. I have -come from Paris. I am an amateur in your own line, performing feats of -strength myself. Of all my friends I have the reputation of being the -strongest. Having read of your performances in the French and English -papers, I was determined to come to London to see you. I saw the whole -programme at the Tivoli to-night, waiting impatiently for your display. -When you stepped on to the stage I nearly dropped to the ground.” - -“Why!” I asked, growing curious. - -Tears stood in his eyes, as he exclaimed earnestly, “Will you promise -to forgive me, promise me that or I cannot tell you.” - -I told him that I did not know what I had to forgive, but at any rate I -promised to forgive him in advance. - -“Well,” he went on, “if I had known you were Mr. Sandow I would never -have struck you that blow in Paris;” and then in enthusiastic French -fashion he clung hold of me and kissed me on the cheek--on the cheek -that he had previously smacked--before all the people. - -Of course, why had I been so blind? This was my assailant of the French -billiard room. All, however, was now forgiven and forgotten, and as a -token of our good understanding he presented me with a handsome gold -watch. To-day we are the greatest friends, and, whenever I go to Paris, -I stay with him. He is a French Count, but for obvious reasons, not the -least being that he is my friend, despite the hard knocks which came of -our first meeting, it would not be fair to disclose his name. - - -[Illustration] - - - - -CHAPTER V. - -THE LIVING WEIGHTS. - - -About this time there were many strong men. Each hall in London could -boast of at least one. It was also a great weight lifting period. -When I lifted my heaviest bell, 280lbs., the other strong men put out -a placard stating that they were lifting 300lbs. By the time I had -practised sufficiently to raise the weights I was lifting from 280lbs. -to 300lbs., they came out with the statement that they were lifting -320lbs., and so their little game went on. - -For my part I was determined to introduce a novelty. Henceforth, there -should be actually living weights. I started, therefore, at the Tivoli -with a new display, lifting a horse at arm’s length above my head, and -marching with it to musical accompaniment. - -This was followed by a display with human dumb-bells. Taking a long -bar with a large ball at each end, I placed in each ball a man, and -I raised bar, balls, and men, slowly over the head. After putting -them down the balls opened and the men rolled out. This performance I -accomplished in order to equal the feat of lifting 300lbs. dead weight. - -Further, I lifted, and supported on my chest, a grand pianoforte, with -an orchestra of eight performers on top of the instrument. - -There was still a fourth feat which I performed, knowing that no one -could equal it, and that was to turn a somersault whilst holding a -weight of 56lbs. in each hand. - -These performances I repeated in the provinces. During this tour I had -the pleasure of visiting not only many of the chief cities of England, -but also Edinburgh and Glasgow. Who can fail to be deeply impressed -by the grandeur and magnificence of the scenery of Scotland? Certainly -I was not proof against it. Never have I visited a more beautiful city -than Edinburgh, and the Scottish people themselves I found exceedingly -kind and agreeable. Since then, I have been to Ireland, and can testify -that its people are as frank, generous, and warm-hearted, as they are -always represented to be. Certainly, some of the happiest days of my -life were those spent in the Emerald Isle. - -At the end of my first provincial tour I returned to London to fulfil -an engagement at the Palace Theatre. Here I introduced another novelty. -In place of the orchestra I held three horses on my chest. These -animals stood on a plank, one at each side and the third in the centre, -holding the balance in a game of see-saw. Included in this performance -was the feat in which a Horse Guardsman on his horse rode over me, thus -completing at that time the chapter of living weights. - - -[Illustration] - - - - -CHAPTER VI. - -ON THE “ELBE”: BOUND FOR NEW YORK. - - -We come now to the year of the Chicago Exhibition, when I entered into a -contract for an engagement in America, with Messrs Abbey, Scheffel, and -Grau. - -An old friend and famous pianist, Martinus Sieveking, whom I knew -years before in Belgium and Holland, accompanied me to the New World. -Sieveking was a brilliant artist, but as a man he was exceedingly weak -and delicate. He had no powers of endurance, and it was difficult for -him to remain at the piano long at a time. - -“If I had only your strength,” he used to say, “I think I might become -almost the greatest player in the world.” - -I suggested that he should come with me as my guest to America, -guaranteeing that in nine months or a year, under my personal -supervision and training, he would grow so strong that his best friends -would scarcely recognise him. - -Agreeing to come, he travelled with me all through America. The result -of my system and supervision was that his strength grew marvellously. -Within the year, weak as he was at the start, he became the strongest -of all my pupils, and the most redoubtable amateur I have ever met. The -portrait, which is printed on an earlier page will speak for itself -when you remember that a year before it was taken the sitter had a -gaunt, slim, delicate figure, with narrow chest, sloping shoulders, and -no muscles worth speaking about. - -But I am going ahead too fast. Let us revert for a moment to our -departure from England. We sailed on the Elbe, the vessel that was -afterwards wrecked. There was a good deal of bustle in getting on -board, and some curiosity, I suppose, amongst the passengers, when -they saw the sailors straining beneath the weight of my luggage and -apparatus, and got to know that a strong man was to sail with them. -With the captain and the first engineer I became very friendly, giving -them, during the voyage, lessons in my system. - -Somehow I used to feel that the ship we were on was a doomed vessel. -I am not ordinarily superstitious, and it is not necessary to attempt -to account for the feeling, but do what I would I could not shake off -the dread impression that one day that ship would go down. I became so -friendly with the engineer, whom I used to visit in his own cabin, that -I advised him to give up his appointment and go to sea no more. - -Some time after that, whilst I was in America, the world was startled -by the news of the Elbe’s disaster. My friend, the engineer, was -amongst the few who were saved. He wrote me a letter telling me of -the tidings. This letter touched me very deeply, and, seeing that it -contains a story of singular bravery, it may not be inappropriate if I -introduce here so much of it as I remember. - -Having commented on the strange fulfilment of my prediction, he -described how, when the boat was going down, the captain lashed -himself to the bridge, saying he would never leave his ship. From the -engineer’s boat they called to him to come on, but he would not stir. -Then they sent back the pilot, but still to no purpose. By the faint -glimmer of a lantern he pencilled a note which he asked might be sent, -if the bearer should be saved, with his heart’s love to his dear wife -and children. For the last time the pilot left the ship, and as the -boat bore away from its now fast sinking sides the captain from the -bridge, immovable from the post of duty, waved his long farewell. - - -[Illustration] - - - - -CHAPTER VII. - -MY FIRST HOUR IN AMERICA. - - -First experiences are occasionally curious. You shall hear one of mine. - -Although the day we reached New York was the hottest that had ever been -known in that great country of wonderful records, no heat, however -extreme, could detract from the glories of New York Harbour, certainly -the finest harbour I have ever seen. Numerous people, including, of -course, the ubiquitous newspaper men, came on board to welcome me, -bands were playing, and there was a gay and busy time generally. - -Having landed, I entered a cab. Everyone, I suppose, has a vivid -recollection of his first cab in America. The independence of the -American cab-driver is sublime. It is something too great for words. -You can only draw a long breath--and admire it. The particular -journey which I was undertaking would have been in England something -considerably less than a shilling fare. Hoping to be generous I -proffered the driver an equivalent in English money to two shillings. -To my surprise he said, “I guess, Colonel, that’s for myself; your fare -is four dollars”--just eight times as much as I had offered. Of course, -I could not argue with the man. He knew better than I, and there was -nothing for it but to pay promptly what he demanded. Moreover, in -America, it must be remembered, they charge, not for the drive, but for -the cab. - -Mr. Abbey, who met me on the boat, accompanied me to the hotel at -which I was to stay. At the office his attention was called away for -a moment, and I was left to the tender mercies of the bell boy, a -nigger, who was asked to show me the rooms. - -“Come along, sir,” the boy drawled. And along I went, making my first -acquaintance with an American elevator, in which we were shot up -heavenwards. - -“How high are we?” I asked, as we got out. - -“Oh, this is the sixteenth floor,” replied the boy, in an off-hand -manner, “you can see if you look down.” I did look down. By Jove, the -depth down that staircase was tremendous. - -Having selected my apartments, the boy coolly stood beside me in my own -room rolling a cigarette and lighting it in my presence. This action -seemed a little impudent, but it was nothing to that which was to come. -Remarking that I desired to wash, I also asked the boy if he would -clean my boots. - -“Clean your boots?” he exclaimed, in blank astonishment, “we don’t do -that in America, we (speaking of course for himself and the niggers -like him) don’t clean boots here.” - -“Who then,” I asked, “does clean them?” - -“Oh, you must go down stairs for that.” And with these words he -reclined on my sofa, rolled another cigarette, and calmly smiled at me. - -This was really too much for white flesh and blood to bear. I said to -him sharply, “Look here, young man; I may be a stranger in this country -and ignorant of some of its ways, but I know enough of Americans to be -quite sure that it is not right for you to conduct yourself in this -way. If you don’t promptly clear off I will report you!” - -But the boy was not easily to be moved. Instead of taking himself off -he squared up and wanted to fight me. So I just took hold of that boy, -and testing his jacket and trousers to be sure that they would bear the -strain, I swung him over the sixteenth floor staircase. And there for a -few moments I held him, just to give him a view of the depth, which was -so tremendous. - -My word, didn’t that boy shout and scream! I assured him that he -was quite safe in my hand so long as it was closed, but if he ever -attempted his impertinences again I would bring him to the same spot -and open it. And I reminded him that a drop through sixteen floors -would not be good even for nigger boys who smoked cigarettes in private -rooms and affected to be indignant at the suggestion that they should -clean a visitor’s boots. - -The boy’s cries drew a small crowd, including Martinus Sieveking and -the manager of the hotel. The manager fully agreed with the warning -I gave the boy, and was profuse in his apologies, saying that such -conduct from a bell boy was unprecedented. - - -[Illustration] - - - - -CHAPTER VIII. - -INCIDENTS OF THE AMERICAN TOUR - - -A fortnight after my arrival in New York I commenced an engagement at -the Casino, and after each performance, whilst I was still stripped to -the waist, I gave lecture on anatomy and my system of physical culture -in my dressing-room. These lectures were attended by many of the most -notable people in America, the crowded audiences including several -ladies. I demonstrated how each feat was accomplished, and let the -people feel for themselves my muscles, to prove that whilst, when they -were relaxed they were as soft as butter, when contracted they were as -hard as steel. - -I repeated at the Casino the performances that I had been giving at the -Palace Theatre in London. As my engagement lengthened I grew better -acquainted with the American people, whom, let it frankly be admitted, -I liked immensely. They are wonderfully nice fellows, these Americans. -The only fault that is to be found with them is the too generous -length to which their hospitality is liable to go in the direction of -cock-tails. They like to give you a bath of cock-tails, and if a bath -should not suffice, they would think nothing of making a river for -you. For a moderate drinker like myself, their generosity is a little -embarrassing, but as the point was emphasised that I could never have -the assurance to say that I had been to America without tasting a -cock-tail, I at last yielded to their persuasions, and, judging from -the samples of Manhattan, Martini, and Oyster, which I tried, I am -hound to confess that these drinks are exceedingly nice and that there -is little to beat them. Another striking feature of life in America -is to be found in the trotting horses. They are simply marvellous -creatures, moving with the ease and almost with the speed of a railway -engine. - -From New York I went to Boston, where my system of physical training -became very fashionable; and after the Boston visit came Chicago, Mr. -Sieveking always accompanying me. - -When I arrived at Chicago I went to the Trocadero, where I was to -appear, and inquired for the manager. A tall slim fellow made his -appearance in answer to the inquiry, and for some minutes a game of -cross purposes ensued. For whilst I was not sure whether he really was -the manager, he doubted whether I was the strong man whom he expected. -At last, however, I ascertained that he was Mr. Ziegfeld, or at least -Mr. Ziegfeld’s son, and he was assured that I was Sandow. He showed me -round the theatre, which was a tremendous place, with accommodation for -fully six thousand people. It had been originally an armoury, and was -used more for concerts than variety entertainments. Mr. Ziegfeld had -taken it because his other theatre, two days before the opening of the -exhibition, was burned down. At the time of my arrival it was proving -too big, but, as good luck would have it, such was the popularity of my -performances, the building, despite its huge size, was filled nightly. - -In the exhibition grounds one morning shortly after my arrival, Mr. -Ziegfeld suggested that I should drive round in one of the hand wagons. - -“My dear fellow,” I said, “it would never do for a strong man to be -pushed round like that, what would the people say?” - -“Oh, they don’t know you yet,” replied Mr. Ziegfeld, “you get in and -try it.” - -It was no use for me to chaff him by saying that these wagons were -more suitable for idle fellows of his slim proportions, for inside he -would have me get. Who of all people in the world should come to push -me round but an unfortunate hunchback! The result was that next morning -the papers came out with illustrations of the ludicrous scene, with -the heading “The strong man too strong to walk.” - -At the termination of the World’s Fair, Mr. Ziegfeld proposed that -I should prolong my tour. I accepted his suggestion, engaged him as -my manager, and he booked a tour for me, including all the principal -cities. Throughout this tour I offered at each performance ten thousand -dollars to any person who could duplicate my feats of strength or even -do anything that could be said reasonably to approach them. - -At St. Louis, one of the greatest beer brewing districts in the world, -the challenge, I was informed, was to be accepted. The youth who was -prepared to meet me, explained that he was somewhat too stiff to -accomplish all my feats, and I accordingly promised that if he could -repeat one of them, that was to lift with one hand over his head my -heaviest dumb-bell weighing 300lbs., I would consent to give him the -money. - -When the time came for him to take up the challenge, he grew alarmed -at the prospect. In answer to my manager’s announcement from the stage -that we were ready for him, and that the money had been duly deposited, -he stood up in the auditorium to remark that the challenge was made -only as an advertisement, he did not believe in it, and he refused to -come to the stage. With these words he rushed out of the building. His -friends, who had a good deal of faith in his physical powers, rushed -after him, and succeeded in bringing him back. In order further to -encourage his drooping spirits my manager offered him the ten thousand -dollars if he would lift the weight over his head with both hands. -But still he did not like to attempt the task he had before rashly -undertaken. We then reduced the conditions still further, promising -that if he would lift the weight with two hands even as high as his -shoulders we would still give him the money. His friends now chaffed -and now rallied him, and at last he put his strength to the test; but -lo, this vaunted strong man was a very weak man, for so far from being -able to raise the weight to his shoulders, he succeeded scarcely in -moving it from the ground. - - -[Illustration] - - - - -CHAPTER IX. - -MY LION FIGHT IN SAN FRANCISCO. - - -Perhaps the greatest, certainly the most thrilling, of all my -experiences is that which I am about to relate. It is the story of my -lion fight in San Francisco. - -I was performing in that western city at the time of the mid-winter -fair, which followed the Chicago Exhibition. In connection with -this fair Colonel Bone was exhibiting a great menagerie. One day he -advertised a fight to the death between a lion and a bear. A tremendous -tent, with accommodation for twenty thousand people, was erected for -the occasion. Thousands and thousands of persons had bought tickets, -when the police issued an order forbidding the performance, and the -proposed spectacle had to be abandoned. - -The thought occurred to me that I should take the bear’s place, and -measure my strength against the king of the forests. Of course there -is always between the unarmed man and the beast this disadvantage, -that the beast has natural weapons in his teeth and claws, whilst a -man has nothing to help him in the fight. This lion, moreover, was a -particularly furious animal. Only a week before he made a meal of his -keeper. I have met many lions in various places, and this beast was -certainly the largest and finest of them all. I was fully prepared to -meet him as he was, provided I could have an equivalent for his claws -in a short dagger or some similar weapon; but the law in America, as -in England, is rightly very stern against cruelty to animals, and the -dagger, of course, could not be allowed. If I desired to meet the beast -the only way was to fight him as I would box a man, completely unarmed. -As there is no law to prevent cruelty to men, there was no objection -to this method, though Colonel Bone, as well as my own friends, -insisted that if there was to be a fight it must be a struggle between -brute strength and human strength. In short, mittens would have to be -placed on the lion’s feet to prevent him from tearing me to pieces with -his claws, and a muzzle would have to be placed over his head. Even -with these precautions I was advised not to proceed with the contest. -“With his strength,” said Colonel Bone, “he’ll knock your head off.” -But, personally, I had no fear, I was only anxious for the contest to -begin. The engagement was accordingly made, and “A lion fight with -Sandow” was boldly advertised. The announcement sent a thrill through -the cities for hundreds of miles around, and in order fully to be -equipped for a performance which would be bound to attract thousands -and thousands of people, I decided to rehearse my fight with the lion -beforehand. - -Accordingly, preparations were made, and with much difficulty the lion -was mittened and muzzled. It took several men with lassos and chains -some hours to perform this operation, for not only had they to guard -against the animal’s overpowering strength, but they had to proceed -cautiously in order not to injure him. A great cage, measuring seventy -feet across, was brought round, and into it Colonel Bone, one of the -most experienced of lion tamers, let the animal enter. Few people were -present, but amongst them was my manager, that tall, slim, great, -little Ziegfeld, with a face white as snow. There is no doubt that Mr. -Ziegfeld and the small company felt the position acutely, for, though -personally I had confidence in myself--and confidence of victory is -always half a battle won--yet those around were by no means sure of the -issue, and there was some fear that my first fight with a lion might be -my last. - -However, my purpose being fixed, I entered the cage, unarmed and -stripped to the waist. The lion, with fury in his eyes, crouched down -ready to spring. Having read a good deal of the methods of the lion I -was not unprepared for this form of attack. As he made his last strain -for a tremendous leap I stepped sharply to the side and he missed his -mark. Turning quickly before he had time fully to recover, I caught -him round the throat with my left arm, and round the middle with my -right. By this means, though his weight was 530lbs., I lifted him as -high as my shoulder, gave him a good hug to assure him that it was -necessary to respect me, and tossed him on to the floor. - -Thus outdone at his first attempt, the lion roared with rage. Rushing -fiercely towards me he raised his huge paw to strike a heavy blow at my -head. For the moment, feeling the swish of the lion’s paw as it passed -my face, I really thought that Colonel Bone’s remark that he would -knock my head off would prove true. Luckily I dodged my head just in -time, and got a good grip round the lion’s body, with my chest touching -his and his feet over my shoulders. Now came the tussle; the more I -hugged him the more he scratched and tore, and, though his feet were -mittened, he tore through my tights and parts of my skin. But I had got -him as in a vice, and his efforts to get away were fruitless. Choosing -an opportune moment, I flung him off me, Colonel Bone and my manager -shouting to me to come out of the cage, as I had done enough, and the -lion’s rage was unbounded. - -I was determined, however, before I left to try just one other feat. -Moving away from the lion, I stood with my back towards him, thus -inviting him to jump on me. I had not to wait many moments. He sprang -right on my back. Throwing up my arms I gripped his head, then caught -him firmly by the neck, and in one motion, shot him clean over my -own head to the ground before me. Colonel Bone rushed into the cage, -snapping two revolvers to keep the lion off, and I came out, my legs -torn, my neck bleeding, and with scratches all over my body; but I felt -that I had mastered that lion, and that I should have little difficulty -in mastering him again at the performance that was to be given next day -in public. - -When the hour for the fight came, the huge tent which held twenty -thousand people was literally packed in every part. The cage with the -lion was outside, and whilst he was being mittened and muzzled he -became so furious that he broke two iron chains that bound him, and -got loose. The people shrieked, the very men who a moment before had -been boasting of their bravery, were the first to fly, and there was a -general stampede. But the moment the lion saw my eyes fixed fearlessly -and firmly on him he seemed paralysed. Colonel Bone came up and pulled -out his revolver, telling me not to take my eyes off him, as I had him -in my power. Whilst we both remained motionless, the cage was brought -near his head, and by a dexterous movement I had him over on his back, -and once more he was a prisoner. The keepers tried again to mitten him, -and after a great struggle they succeeded. - -Then came the scene in the arena. The lion appeared first, and as I -entered the whole place shook with cheers and applause. Through the -whole of that vast assembly ran a thrill of great excitement, and -photographers were there ready to take instantaneous pictures of the -various positions of the fight with the lion. But no sooner did I enter -the cage than the animal cowered down. He knew that I was his master: -and he refused to fight. Feeling that the audience would be sadly -disappointed, I tried to goad him on, but nothing would move him. Most -beasts are cowards at heart, and this lion having met his match at the -rehearsal, refused to budge. - -At last I caught hold of his tail and twisted it. This was the only -thing that moved him. As he made a bound towards me I dodged, swung -round and picked him up, and then tossed him down. The fight lasted -scarcely two minutes. The lion, recognising that my strength was too -much for him, would fight no more. Though I lifted him up and walked -round the arena with him on my shoulders he remained as firm as a rock -and as quiet as a lamb. The fierce fight at the rehearsal had subdued -his courage. He was clearly conquered. I was afraid that my audience -would be disappointed with the comparative tameness of the proceedings, -but, on the contrary, everyone seemed thoroughly satisfied, and “the -lion fight with Sandow” was long the talk of the day in San Francisco. - - -[Illustration] - - - - -CHAPTER X. - -FURTHER INCIDENTS OF THE TOUR. - - -At the end of my engagement in San Francisco I organised my own -company for a holiday tour in California. What a lovely country is -that; a country of perpetual summer and blue sky, of bright flowers -and delicious breezes. Well do I remember our arrival in Los Angeles. -Thousands and thousands of people came to meet our coach, the children -smothering us with roses as though it were some battle of flowers. - -But, of course, there were rough journeys in America as well as -pleasant ones. On the way to Omaha, for example, we had an experience -of the wilds. At the small villages at which the train stopped it -seemed to be the custom to adjourn for the fifteen or twenty minutes to -the gambling dens that adjoin the stations. Gambling has never had any -attraction for me personally, but “In Rome one does as Rome does;” and -so in America. Accordingly, we visited one of these gambling houses. -There is no question about the gambling. You play with dice. Everything -is conducted at lightning speed, and before you know where you are high -stakes have been lost or won--usually, it may be said, they are lost. -In our case we started, in the few minutes at our disposal, by winning -a good deal. Then we lost, and we left that place with our pockets -practically empty. I had lost three hundred dollars, another lost four -hundred, and a third eight hundred. - -During the next part of the journey we heard that there was another -gambling house at the station at which we should stop on our way. It -was in connection, we understood, with that at which we had just lost -our money, and no doubt the manager would be informed by telegram of -the easy manner in which we had been duped, in order to be prepared -for our arrival. But we were determined to be even with those gambling -house keepers. We agreed at the start not to risk more than five -dollars, and if we won we would depart with our winnings before the -luck, as in the last case, set in against us. For once expectations -were realised. Precisely the same thing happened. At the beginning we -had all the luck; we not only recovered what we had previously lost, -but each of us had a few hundred dollars to the good. Then of a sudden -our luck began to turn. That was the signal. There was six or seven -minutes to spare before the train started, and the manager and his -friends said “You have lots of time, gentlemen, they will tell you when -the train’s ready.” Much to their astonishment, however, we insisted on -leaving, and as we walked out with our pockets fairly full the faces -of those men were a study. I think on this occasion we had turned the -tables successfully. - - -[Illustration] - - - - -CHAPTER XI. - -MY DOG SULTAN. END OF THE TOUR. - - -At this stage of the tour I will introduce, with the reader’s -permission, my dog Sultan, the holder of seventeen first prizes. This -dog, a handsome boar-hound, standing about thirty-four inches high at -the shoulders and weighing some two hundred pounds, had been presented -to me as a puppy by Prince Bismarck. Though I have never specially -trained him, the dog has remarkable intelligence. My companion -throughout my tour in America, he used to jump into the luggage van -at every journey’s end to find my trunks, and those that were not -too heavy for him to lift, he would bring out of the van. A similar -performance would be repeated when we reached the hotel. Sultan would -himself carry a good deal of the luggage upstairs, taking it up piece -by piece, and disdaining the assistance of the niggers who would -sometimes offer to give him help. Not unnaturally, he became a great -favourite wherever we went, and, though it was against the regulations, -the hotel managers would allow us to have him in our rooms. He would -never go out without carrying a satchel containing his chain and -muzzle, a box of pills, two brushes, a tooth brush, a comb, and a few -pieces of flannel, which were used for rubbing him down and keeping his -coat in careful condition. He seemed to know perfectly each of these -contents, and if one was ever missing he would not be satisfied until -it was found or replaced. - -Sultan can carry me very easily. Once in America I sprained my foot. -I happened to be staying at the time at about the only hotel in the -country which is not furnished with elevators. My rooms were on the -second floor, and that faithful and devoted creature would carry me up -and down stairs before and after each performance, for I was still able -to fulfil my engagements despite the sprain. - -It is a peculiar thing about Sultan that, though he will not hurt you, -yet if you enter a room whilst he is in it alone he will never let you -leave until someone has attended to you. As a thief catcher, he is, for -this reason, unequalled. On one occasion, as you shall hear, during my -American tour, he saved my watch--that watch which was presented to me -by my friend the French count. Whilst I am at the theatre I usually -leave my coat and vest hanging on the wall of my dressing-room, Sultan -being left in charge. One night we missed for more than an hour one of -the stage assistants. When I returned to my dressing-room I was unable -for the moment to enter. Sultan, it appeared, was blocking the door. -Pushing it open I found the missing assistant at the other end of the -room in a state of some uneasiness. I asked him what he was doing, -and he explained that he had come to see if he could offer me any -assistance. Having entered the room, the dog would not let him move, -and altogether he made out such a piteous tale that I sent him off with -half-a-dollar. When, however, I came to look at my things I found that -my watch, instead of being where I left it, in my vest pocket, was -lying on the table, together with some money which had been taken from -my pockets. It was then clear that the man’s real object in entering -my room was not that of assistance, but of robbery. I called him back, -verified my suspicions, and had him immediately discharged. For that -night’s work we treated Sultan to a special steak for his supper. - -This unfortunately was not the only adventure which I had with this -watch of which I was so proud. My friend’s gift seemed to be doomed. -Whilst we were at Omaha there was a ball given in the city, and Mrs. -Sandow and I were invited to be present. As we should be late in -returning I told my valet to give Sultan his walk and then to take the -dog home with him for the night. We reached home about half-past two -in the morning, and being tired we went straight to bed. It may be -explained that our bedroom stood behind the drawing-room, from which -it was entered. Beyond the bedroom was the bathroom, in which I hung my -clothes, leaving my watch and chain in my vest pocket. - -I felt that night, as I felt on the “Elbe,” that something was going -to happen. Owing to this feeling I took the precaution to lock the -drawing-room door. No one could enter the bedroom without coming -through the drawing-room first. We felt, therefore, reasonably secure. -In addition to my watch and chain, there was Mrs. Sandow’s jewellery, -which she had worn at the ball, whilst, amongst other special things, I -had five twenty dollar pieces, which I had bought because of their rare -dates. These gold pieces I left in my clothes in the bathroom; Mrs. -Sandow’s jewellery remained in a drawer in the bedroom. - -Through the night we slept without disturbance. In the morning the -servant who came to look after our clothes noticed that my watch chain -had been broken and that my watch was missing. The five twenty dollar -pieces were also gone, but Mrs. Sandow’s jewellery was untouched. - -Questioned as to how she got into the room, the girl said that the door -was open. Someone had evidently broken into our rooms whilst we slept -and had worked so quietly that they had not disturbed us. - -A detective was called, and it was ascertained that shortly after we -returned from the ball two well dressed men entered the hotel and -asked for rooms on the first floor. It was then between two and three -o’clock. Before five o’clock they left. The detective remarked that -about that hour two men answering the description that was given had -been seen to enter a train, and he thought he would be able to succeed -in tracing them. I told him that if he brought my watch back he should -be well rewarded. - -When the rooms were examined it was found that the door had been -opened by means of an instrument which was pushed through the keyhole -to turn the key. The gas had been half turned on during the night, -and no doubt they saw my watch-chain shining in the uncertain light, -and decided to take those things that they could lay their hands on -most easily without fear of waking us. It might have been supposed -to be risky work to rob a strong man; but, on the other hand, it was -found afterwards that the burglar was a desperate fellow, who had just -completed nineteen years’ penal servitude for shooting a man who was -unfortunate enough to wake up whilst he was rifling his room. - -During the day the two men were arrested. Four of the twenty-dollar -pieces were found on them, but the watch was still missing. The men -were taken before the police authorities, but on the ground that the -case was not fully proved they were dismissed. After this decision, -the detective came to me to ask what the watch was worth. Five hundred -pounds I told him, in actual money, but for me it had a priceless -value, and not for five thousand pounds would I willingly part with it. - -“Seeing that it is worth so much,” he said, “I will try to get it for -you if you will promise to give me £800.” - -At this moment I realised the situation; at any rate I felt justified -in believing that this so-called detective was in league with the -burglars, who had themselves owned in court that they knew where the -watch was, though they refused flatly to give the information. Feeling -disgusted with a man who could thus play so false and mean a game I -took him by his neck and trousers and sent him flying through the door. - -From that day to this I have never seen anything of my watch. It is, -no doubt, lost to me for ever. If I had had my dog with me that night -it would never have been stolen, for no burglar would have got past -Sultan, however clever he might be at picking locks. - - * * * * * - -Throughout my tour I offered medals to those of my pupils who were -able to show the highest developments under my system of physical -training. Thousands of applications were received, and the amount of my -correspondence was enormous. In the end I arranged a meeting, at which -the pupils stripped for my personal examination, and there the awards -were made. - -I received also several challenges during my tour. These challenges -were frequently made after I had left a city, and as it came to -be clear that those who made them merely sought advertisement by -associating their names with mine, I deposited ten thousand dollars -with the “New York Herald” on the understanding that anyone who -seriously meant business should also make a deposit as a guarantee -of his good faith. If he duplicated my feats of strength the money -would be his. But though this sum was deposited for about nine months -I never received an answer. No one ever attempted to win that ten -thousand dollars and I have the original cheque, made out to James -Gordon-Bennett, to this day. I have had it framed and preserve it as a -memento. - -At the end of my first tour in America I returned to England, engaged -fresh talent for my company, and invented and practised some new feats -of strength, including that which I have entitled the Roman horse -exercise, and that in which two people drive over me with a horse and -chariot. Afterwards I paid a short return visit to America, to fulfil -certain engagements, and then came back again to London. - - - - -CHAPTER XII. - -MY PERFORMANCE AT THE PRESENT TIME. - - -It may be useful, as a record, to indicate briefly the nature of the -salient features of my recent performance at the London Pavilion, and -since in the provinces. - -To begin with there is a tableau, arranged for the purpose of showing -muscular repose, with all the muscles relaxed; muscular tension, with -all the muscles as firm as steel; the abdominal muscles; the biceps, -muscles of the inside of the upper arm; the triceps, muscles of the -back of the upper arm; the deltoid, muscles of the shoulders; the -trapezius muscle, which raises the shoulders; the muscles of the back; -the action and uses of different muscles; and the chest expansion, from -48ins. normal to 62ins. - -The tableau curtains are drawn, and the scene changes to the arena. -Resting with my neck on one trestle and my heels on another, I hold -a 56lb. weight in each hand at arms’ length and support four men -simultaneously on my body. For the performance of this feat it may be -mentioned that exceptionally strong neck and abdominal muscles are -necessary. - -Taking a pack of ordinary playing cards I tear them first in half, -then in four parts, and finally into eighths. Next I tear two packs, -and finally three packs, each pack containing the ordinary number of -fifty-two cards. The feat of tearing in half one pack of cards was -originally shown to me by the late Emperor of Russia. My reputation as -an amateur had reached his Imperial Majesty, who paid me the honour of -commanding my presence. During that interview his Majesty, as a test of -his own manual strength, took a pack of cards and tore it, as I have -said, in halves. He had never tried more than the one pack, but as is -apparent I have succeeded with three, the torn cards being distributed -each evening amongst the audience. - -Another feat is performed lying prone on the ground. From this position -I lift with one hand a Roman chariot, rising upright with it and -afterwards lying down again. This feat brings the whole of the muscles -into play. - -I also introduce my Roman horse exercise. Sitting on a horse and so -bending my back as to throw my head over the animal’s tail I raise at -arms’ length heavy weights from the ground. Next I pick up two men, -one after the other, raising them over my head and seating them in the -saddle. - -Another interesting feat consists of lifting a man from a prone -position on the ground to the horse’s back, using one hand only. - -As a concluding feat, I support on my chest a bridge weighing 800 lbs. -Over this bridge two persons drive a horse and chariot, making a total -weight of about 3,200 lbs. - -Sometimes, however, I conclude my performance by lifting with one hand -at arm’s length a platform upon which rests an ordinary piano, with a -man seated playing upon it. Having lifted it, I march off the stage -with the lot, the musician playing a lively tune as we go. - -I have not attempted to enumerate all my feats here; of course my -performance has been varied from time to time. But a number of other -feats have been referred to in the body of the book. - -It may be interesting, perhaps, to add that I have recently composed -a musical march, entitled “Marche des Athlètes,” as well as a waltz, -“Sandowia” and other pieces, which musicians have been kind enough to -commend for their brightness and originality. - - - - -CHAPTER XIII. - -MY MEASUREMENTS. - - -As a supplement to the previous chapter it may be stated here, in -answer to many inquiries, that my own measurements, etc., at the -present time are as set forth below. The first edition of the book -was written rather hurriedly, and consequently one or two trifling -inaccuracies crept in. These are now corrected:— - - Age 32 years. - Weight 14 stone 6lbs. - Height 5 feet 9¼ inches. - Neck 18 inches. - Chest 48 ” - Chest expanded 62 ” - Waist 30 ” - Hips 42 ” - Thigh 26 ” - Knee 14 ” - Calf 18 ” - Ankle 8½ ” - Upper arm 19½ ” - Forearm 16½ ” - Wrist 7½ ” - -My strength, it may be added, is steadily increasing. If some one had -told me two years ago that I should be able to perform the feats of -strength that I now accomplish I would not have believed it. I feel -sure, moreover, that in the natural course of things, my strength will -continue to increase. With careful training the bodily strength ought -to increase steadily until the forty-fifth year is reached. - -The above appeared in the first edition. Pupils will be glad to hear -that my belief has been fully justified, and that even since the book -was first published, some eighteen months ago, there has been a very -material increase in my strength. - - - - - THE THEORY - OF - PHYSICAL EDUCATION - IN - ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS. - - BY - THOMAS CHESTERTON, - -_Organizing Teacher of Physical Education to the London School Board_. - - LATE CHIEF INSTRUCTOR AT THE ALDERSHOT GYMNASIUM. - - _Author of Manual of Drill & Physical Exercises, &c., &c._ - -First-Class (Advanced) Certificates for Physiology and Hygiene from the - Science Department, South Kensington. - - _Founder of the British College of Physical Education._ - - ——————————————— - - WITH A PREFACE BY - - COLONEL G. M. ONSLOW, - - _Late Inspector of Military Gymnasia in Great Britain_. - - Examiner in Physical Education to the School Board for London. - - ——————————————— - - _Revised Edition now Ready_ =THREE SHILLINGS=. - - - MANUAL OF DRILL - AND - PHYSICAL EXERCISES, - WITH OR WITHOUT DUMB-BELLS OR MUSIC. - - For the use of Teachers and Instructors of Physical Exercises, - Students in Training Colleges, &c., as taught in the London and other - Board Schools, all Army Schools, Principal Public Schools, Civil -Gymnasia, Polytechnic Institutions, and Evening Classes throughout the - Country. - - COMPILED AND ARRANGED FROM THE BEST AUTHORITIES BY - THOMAS CHESTERTON. - - ——————————————— - - ILLUSTRATED FROM PHOTOGRAPHS. - - ——————————————— - - REVISED EDITION. - _With an Introduction by CHARLES ROBERTS, F.R.C.S._ - - ——————————————— - - THREE SHILLINGS. - -These works have been adopted, by the London School Board, for use in -their Schools; and also by the Director-General of Military Education, -for use in all Army Schools. - - - LONDON: GALE & POLDEN, LTD., - 2, AMEN CORNER, PATERNOSTER ROW, E.C. - [_All Rights Reserved_]. - - - - - SANDOW’S - “GRIP” - DUMB-BELL. - - - PATENTED - ALL - OVER THE WORLD. - - Complete - 12/6 - Outfit. - - -WHY BE WEAK - -WHEN YOU CAN - -BECOME HEALTHY & STRONG? - - - THE PERFECT DUMB-BELL for home use, for increasing the Strength, - Flexibility, and Agility of the Muscular System. - - -Price 12/6 Complete. - - -Each Set includes:— - - A PAIR of NICKEL-PLATED DUMB-BELLS; - A SET of SPRINGS; - And CHART of EXERCISES; with a - -=Special Initiatory Course, made out by Mr. SANDOW=. - -ALL PACKED IN NEAT CASE. - - _Can be obtained from all Athletic Outfitters or from the - Proprietors_:— - -Sandow, Ltd., Sandow Hall, Victoria Embankment, London, W.C. - - - - -MY “GRIP” DUMB-BELL. - -[Illustration; Author in profile] - -The ordinary Dumb-bell, though excellent in itself, has one great -defect, which I have been conscious of for years. In prescribing -exercises for my pupils I am compelled to trust entirely to them as -to the amount of will-power used whilst exercising. They may work -energetically or slovenly according to their condition, but how they -work is beyond my knowledge or control. - -How to combat this has long engaged my attention, and after long -years of study and experiment I have at last discovered a Dumb-bell -which absolutely compels the pupil to throw the necessary amount of -will-power into his work. - -This appliance is very simple, and cannot go out of order. It consists -of a Dumb-bell made in two halves, separated about 1½ inches from one -another, the intervening space being occupied by small steel springs, -which may be of any strength. - -When exercising, the springs are compressed by gripping the Bells, and -bringing the two halves close together, in which position they are kept -until the exercise is over. - -The pupil who possesses these Bells will find that instead of having -to be continually buying heavier Dumb-bells, one pair will suffice him -for all time. All that it will be necessary for him to do will be to -purchase, at a small expense, new springs from time to time. All pupils -are advised to use the “Grip” Dumb-bell upon the merits of which I need -not enlarge. - -I have always taught that muscle is developed by will-power, not by -mechanical movement, and the simple principle of this latest invention -is, by calling forth a continual exercise of will-power to obtain -results impossible with any previous Dumb-bell. - - Yours faithfully, - - _Eugen Sandow_ - - - - -SANDOW’S SCHOOLS OF PHYSICAL CULTURE. - -_Central Offices_—=Sandow Hall, Savoy Corner, Victoria Embankment, W.C.= - - -LONDON ESTABLISHMENTS: - - =32, St. James’s Street, London, S.W.=--Chief West End School. At this - School each pupil receives individual instruction. =Three Months’ - Course, £10 10s.= - - =115a, Ebury Street, London, S.W.=, close to Victoria Station, - accessible from all parts. SANDOW’S popular School at popular prices. - Classes for ladies and gentlemen, =Three Months’ Course, £3 10s.= - - =Brook House, Walbrook, London, E.C.=, adjoining Mansion House, Bank - and Stock Exchange. This School has been specially built for City men. - Fitted with marble plunge bath, &c. =Three Months’ Course, £10 10s.= - - =185, Tottenham Court Road, London, W.= SANDOW’S Residential School. - Forty bedrooms, restaurant, smoke-room, and two large airy gymnasia, - 70 feet long, luxuriously fitted throughout. The prices at this - school are within the reach of everyone. Bedroom from 10s. per week. - =Non-Residential Terms, Three Months’ Course, £2 10s.= - - =Crystal Palace School, Sydenham.= Separate schools for ladies and - gentlemen. - - -PROVINCIAL ESTABLISHMENT: - - =Oxford Street, Manchester.= Classes for ladies and gentlemen. =Three - Months’ Course, £5 5s.= - -_Inspection invited at all Schools. Visitors will be shown over, and -the system explained._ - -In addition to Mr. SANDOW’S System of Physical Culture, boxing and -fencing taught at all schools. - -=Prospectuses of any School sent on application.= - - -Measurement Form for Postal Instruction. - - See Figure on page 39. Date............................ - - _Name_.............................................. - - _Address_........................................... - - Heart........................ - - Lungs........................ - - Digestion.................... - - Age.......................... - - Occupation................... - - Nature of Illness, if any............................. - - How long ago?......................................... - - Physical Peculiarity, if any.......................... - - Medical Examination................................... - - Result................................................ - - ┌─—─—─—─┬—─—─——─—┬─—─—─—─—┬─—─—─—─┴—─—─—─—┬─—─—─—─—┬─—─—─—─—┬─────—┐ - │ │ Chest │ Chest │ Upper │ Upper │Forearm │Forearm │ │ - │ Neck. │contract│ expand │ right │ left │ right. │ left. │Waist.│ - │ │ ’d. │ ed. │ arm. │ arm. │ │ │ │ - ├─—─—─—─┼—─—─——─—┼—─—─—─—─┼——─—─—─┼—─——─—─┼—─——─—─—┼─—─——─—─┼——───—┤ - │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ - │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ - └─—─—─—─┴—─—─——─—┴─—─—─—─—┴─—─—─—─┴—─—─—─—┴─—─—─—─—┴─—─—─—─—┴─────—┘ - - - ┌─—─—───—─┬—─—─—─—┬─—─—──—┬─—─—─—─┬—─—─—─—──┬─—─—──—─—┬─—─—─—─—─—┐ - │ Thigh │ Thigh │ Calf │ Calf │ Height. │ Weight. │ Measur’d │ - │ Right. │ Left. │ Right.│ Left. │ │ │ by │ - ├─—─—───—─┼─—─—─—─┼—──—─—─┼─—──—─—┼─—──—─—─—┼─—────—─—┼──—──—─—─—┤ - │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ - │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ - └─—─—───—─┴—─—─—─—┴─—─—──—┴─—─—─—─┴—─—─—─—──┴─—─—──—─—┴─—─—─—─—─—┘ - - -Fill up this form correctly in black ink, and forward, together with -Postal Order for =2/6=, to =EUGEN SANDOW, Sandow Hall, Savoy Corner, -Victoria Embankment, W.C.=--Mark Envelope “_Instruction_.” - -_Sandow’s Large Dumb-bell Chart given FREE with each First Course; -usual price 1-_ - - - - -PHYSICAL CULTURE - - TAUGHT BY LETTER!!! - -_Mr. Sandow’s scheme for teaching his system of Physical Culture by -Post, for the benefit of all, Ladies, Gentlemen and Children, who -cannot personally attend any of his various Schools._ - -On receipt of pupil’s measurements, etc., Mr. Sandow will personally -prescribe a course of Exercises for home use which will be specially -adapted for each individual case. - -Every Course will bear Mr. Sandow’s signature. - -Each Course consists of a month’s work, doing the Exercises every day, -and should be renewed from month to month. - -FEES. - - For One Month’s Instruction 2/6 - ” Six Months’ ” 12/6 - ” One Year’s ” One Guinea - -After completing the first month pupils should send up fresh -measurements with a brief letter describing results. - -Over 5,000 Pupils now enrolled. - -Communications should be addressed INSTRUCTION DEPT. - - - - -SANDOW’S OWN COMBINED DEVELOPER. - -_Used in all the Sandow Schools of Physical Culture._ - -On Sale all over the World. - - -A Combination of - - Rubber Exerciser, - Chest Expander, - Light Dumb-bells, & - Weight-Lifting Apparatus. - -[Illustration: Sandow with developer] - - ——————————————— - -A Complete Athletic Outfit. - -Being detachable, the parts may be used separately. - -The DEVELOPER adapts itself to the Strength of the user, and may be -used by a whole family. - - LADIES, - CHILDREN, - MEN, - ATHLETES. - - ——————————————— - - Packed in strong box with Charts, Foot Attachment, Screw, Hooks, &c. - - ——————————————— - - One Price only: - =12/6= - - -The following parts may be obtained separately: - - Extra Chest Expander Strands =3/-= per pair - Long Front Strands (for heavy weight lifting) =4/-= ” - 2-lb. Nickel Dumb-bells (Sandow Pattern) =4/6= ” - Chest Expanders with Dumb-bells, wire attachments, - chart in box =7/6= ” - Interchangeable Screw Dumb-bell Heads, - from 2-lbs. to 10-lbs. =4_d._= per lb. - - _All communications to be addressed to The MANAGER_— - - _L. GRAHAM LEWIS_, - Basing House, 17 & 18, Basinghall Street, London, E.C. - - - - -BAGSHAWES, Ltd., - -PUBLISH A BEAUTIFUL - - _=Art Catalogue=_ OF GREAT INTEREST - TO ALL CONCERNED _=In Cycling=_. - -TWO PAGES ARE DEVOTED TO THE NEW SYSTEM OF GRADUAL PAYMENT. - -A copy will be sent =FREE= to all readers of this book on application. - - BAGSHAWES, Ltd., - 159, Queen Victoria Street, London, E.C. - - - - -GYMNASTIC APPARATUS - -Of every Description for PRIVATE and PUBLIC USE. - -CHEST MACHINES, EXERCISERS FOR PRIVATE PRACTICE - -At every price to suit all classes. _Price Lists Post Free on -Application._ - - HEATH & GEORGE, - _18, Goswell Road, London_. - - - - -SANDOW’S MAGAZINE - -OF - -PHYSICAL CULTURE. - -Price 6d. Monthly or 8/6 per annum, Post Free, from-- - -GALE & POLDEN, LTD., - -2, AMEN CORNER, PATERNOSTER ROW, E.C. - - - - - CATALOGUE OF COPYRIGHT - AND MISCELLANEOUS PUBLICATIONS - ISSUED BY GALE - & POLDEN, LTD., 2, AMEN - CORNER, PATERNOSTER - ROW, LONDON, E.C. - - -Breathing, The Art of. - - As applied to Physical Development, with Respiratory Exercises for - Children and Adults. By Surgeon-Captain HOPER-DIXON A.M.S., 1s. 6d. - - -Physical Drill With Arms Made Easy, in accordance with the New -Infantry Drill. - - Illustrated with 36 Plates, as taught at Aldershot, 9d.; Bound in - Cloth, 1s. - -“An invaluable little Book, for, thanks to the admirably drawn plates, -of which there are thirty-six, it will be of great use to the thousands -of desk-workers who can get no such training as that of the soldier, -and for whose health it is at least as necessary.”—_United Service -Gazette._ - - -Physical Training Without Arms. - - Illustrated with 26 Plates. 3rd Edition, 9d.; Bound in Cloth, 1s. - -“Physical Training Without Arms, Made Easy, with its numerous and rich -plates, and costing but a shilling, ought to be in the hands not only -of military men, but all Schoolmasters.” “It is a most useful, handy, -and interesting volume.” “Its hints and directions are invaluable.” - - -Free Gymnastics, and Light Dumb-Bell Drill as practised at the -Gymnasia at Aldershot. - - By Sergt.-Major NOAKES, Gymnastic Staff. =2nd Edition.= Fully - Illustrated with 49 Plates, 1s. 6d. - - -Gymnastics. Upwards of 100 Tricks and Exercises on the Horizontal Bar, - and how to do them. By A. DIMMOCK, 1s. - - - - -NEW LIGHT LITERATURE - - - =A Soldier and a Maid: A Romance of the late War in Burmah.= - =From Reveille to Lights Out; or, Lionel Tregarthen, Lieutenant.= - =Ronald the Fusilier, or Foes under One Flag.= - =A Military Crime; or, “Broke.”= - -=Sword Flashes=; all by F. M. PEACOCK. Price 1/-each, Post Free. - - “The author writes in an easy, natural style, and gives graphic - descriptions of military life abroad, which brings vividly before - the eyes the scenes he wishes to depict. The stories abound with - adventure, the love incidents are full of pathos, and there is a rich - vein of humour running through them.” - - Captain Peacock has long left behind Mr. Rudyard Kipling and his - “Soldiers Three,” and with a little more practice should rival Hawley - Smart in depicting military life.—_Madras Mail._ - - =Strange Case of a Missing Man.= A Romance. By CONWAY - CREGAN 1/- - - =A Circumstantial Case=, told by Sinclair Barton, M.D., and - John Cox. By CONWAY CREGAN 1/- - - “The reader will more than once be tempted to suppose that he is on - the right track; but he is always deceived, and in the end the guilt - is laid on the shoulders of one whom few, if any, will suspect. The - author’s triumph is an uncommon one. Nor must it be forgotten that - he has done something more than make an attractive short story; he - has pointed out in the most forcible way the danger of accepting - circumstantial evidence when unsupported.”—_Yorkshire Post._ - - =A Left-Handed Murder.= By ANNIE CARRUTHERS, Authoress - of “The Pet of the Consulate” 1/- - - This is a shilling novel that should command a large sale. It is - written by Miss Annie Carruthers, and may be said to be quite as good - as any of her former productions. The _locale_ of the crime is in - France, and the tale is written somewhat after the style of a French - novel. - - =The Black Carnation.= By FERGUS HUME, Author of “The - Mystery of a Hansom Cab,” &c., &c. 1/- - - “The particular crime described in this startling initial chapter was - the slaying of a popular and beautiful _prima donna_ by a jealous - adorer. A bouquet in which dynamite is concealed is flung at La - Mazzucata’s feet, to be picked up, and with fatal enthusiasm, pressed - against the fair one’s bosom. It is unnecessary to say more than that - the rest of the novelette is worthy of this dramatic opening, and that - it has a certain cleverness of its own which deserves recognition, - even by those who do not profess to admire the methods of the - sensation-storyteller.”—_Court Circular._ - - =A Midnight Mystery.= By FERGUS HUME 1/- - - “The author’s clever handling of sensational subjects is again - displayed in his new story. The reader’s interest is aroused on - the first page by a scene at Victoria Station, and held without a - break.”—_Bookseller._ - - =The White-Eyed Woman.= By ERNEST BOWEN-ROWLANDS 1/- - - “Is one of the best short sensational stories we have read. The - mystery with which it deals is almost an unsolvable puzzle, and the - writing is far and above what we have been accustomed to in this sort - of book. It is rumoured that a dramatised version will shortly be seen - on the London boards, and we are glad of it, for a novel which lends - itself better to adaptation to the stage we have never seen.”—_Man of - the World._ - - - - -THE “HOUSE” ON SPORT. - - -The Work consists of 41 Articles, written by members of the Stock -Exchange on the branch of Sport with which they have particularly -identified themselves. For full list of contents see next page. - -The work makes a handsome large octavo volume of 470 pages, printed -on Art Paper and profusely illustrated by over 230 Half-Tone Process -Blocks reproduced from photographs and drawings, many having been -specially taken and designed for the work, the photographs of all the -Authors being included. - -The frontispiece is a beautifully printed photogravure of “A Group,” -consisting of “Persimmon” in Egerton House Paddocks, with Watts up, -dressed in the Royal Colours, H.R.H. The Prince of Wales, and his -trainer, Richard Marsh. - -The profit derived from the sale of the book will be in aid of “THE -REFEREE” CHILDREN’S DINNER FUND; already a cheque for (£1000) ONE -THOUSAND POUNDS has been forwarded to the Fund and acknowledged in the -columns of _The Referee_, on January 15th, 1899. - -His Royal Highness The Prince of Wales has accepted a copy of the work -and graciously expressed his appreciation of same. - -The book can be obtained from all Booksellers or from the Publishers. - -PRICE 21/-NETT. - - -WHAT THE PRESS SAYS. - -From the TIMES, January, 1899. - - Not the members of the House of Commons but those of the Stock - Exchange are responsible for the collection of articles upon sports - and pastimes and the collection of records published under the title - THE “HOUSE” ON SPORT and edited by Mr. W. A. Morgan. Of its success - the names of the contributors are almost a certain guarantee, for - the greater number of them are, or have been in their day, among the - most celebrated exponents of the sports and pastimes upon which they - discourse. It is impossible to name all the writers, but a selection - will serve the purpose of showing the authority and experience - with which these gentlemen write. Mr. W. M. Chinnery treats of - Athletic Sports and Athletes--his achievements on the running path - in the ’sixties were great. Mr. B. J. Angle, a veteran enthusiast, - contributes a very interesting article on “The Noble Art,” in which - will be found not only the records of the prowess of fighters of old - time but also the keen criticism of an expert upon the modern style - of boxing as compared with the old time method. * * * Of Cricket, - Messrs. Gregor MacGregor and C. Carlos Clarke write; and of Cycling - Mr. G. Lacy Hillier, acknowledged to be the highest authority, gives - the history, to which he adds useful suggestions. * * * The various - epochs of Rugby Football fall into the hands of Messrs. W. Maclagan, - G. L. Jeffery, and A. Spurling, and Mr. S. Mure Fergusson has a useful - little essay on Golf. Still one well-known name follows another until - the reader begins to think that the Stock Exchange is the very home - of sport. * * * The articles likely to attract the greatest share of - attention are those dealing with Metropolitan and University Rowing - and on Sculling. Mr. Morgan had, no doubt, plenty of talent to choose - from. But to have been able to collect in one volume the views of - Messrs. S. Le Blanc Smith, F. I. Pitman, S. D. Muttlebury, Reginald - P. P. Rowe, and Guy Nickalls is a real triumph. That which they do - not know of oarsmanship is not worth knowing. * * * Many articles - have been passed over of necessity, but enough has been written to - show that this is a pleasant and useful book, the work of men who - speak from experience; it is generously illustrated, mainly with good - reproductions of photographs. - - -THE “HOUSE” ON SPORT. - - -CONTENTS. - - PAGE - - ARCHERY By F. L. GOVETT 1 - - ATHLETIC SPORTS & ATHLETES By W. M. CHINNERY 9 - - BOAT SAILING ON THE UPPER THAMES By W. F. JACKSON 17 - - BOXING. The Noble Art By B. J. ANGLE 37 - - CANOE CRUISING. A Month in a Canoe Yawl By GEO. A. RUSHTON 66 - - COACHING By W. R. FAULCONER 57 - - COURSING By T. W. LANG 79 - - CRICKET in 1898 By GREGOR MACGREGOR 89 - - CRICKET By CHARLES CARLOS CLARKE 100 - - CYCLING By GEO. LACY HILLIER 108 - - FENCING By GODFREY R. PEARSE 121 - - FISHING, Salmon--Trout By ERNEST M. BRISTOWE 128 - - FOOTBALL, Association By J. L. NICKISSON 142 - - FOOTBALL, The Different Epochs of By { W. MACLAGAN - the Rugby Game { G. L. JEFFERY 150 - - FOOTBALL, Rugby By AUB. SPURLING 164 - - GOLF By S. MURE FERGUSSON 171 - - HOCKEY By STANLEY CHRISTOPHERSON 182 - - HUNTING By PHILIP G. BARTHROPP 190 - - HUNTING By LORD ALWYNE COMPTON. M. P. 195 - - HUNTING By A. J. SCHWABE 202 - - LACROSSE By H. E BYERS 206 - - MOUNTAINEERING By J. OAKLEY MAUND 259 - - POLO By { E. B. SHEPPARD - { WALTER S. BUCKMASTER 221 - - PUNT RACING By W. COLIN ROMAINE 236 - - RACING By A. J. SCHWABE 287 - - RACKETS By { F. S. COKAYNE - { HENRY D. G. LEVESON GOWER 243 - - ROWING, Metropolitan and General By S. LE BLANC-SMITH 293 - - ROWING, Cambridge By { F. I. PITMAN - { S. D. MUTTLEBURY 313 - - ROWING, Oxford By REGINALD P. P. ROWE 325 - - SCULLING By GUY NICKALLS 341 - - SHOOTING, Pheasant--Partridge By { PERCY LAMING - SIR THOMAS TROUBRIDGE, BART. 385 - - SHOOTING, Wood-Pigeon By H. F. LAWFORD 401 - - SKATING, Bandy By G. E. B. KENNEDY 349 - - SKATING, Figure By ROGER H. FULLER 356 - - STEEPLECHASING By CECIL GRENFELL 363 - - SWIMMING By R. G. F. COHEN 377 - - TENNIS By { A. E. R. KENNEDY - { W. H. COHEN 408 - - TENNIS, Lawn By H. F. LAWFORD 424 - - WALKING By FRED. A COHEN 432 - - WILD FOWLING By W. A. BEAUCLERK 438 - - YACHTING. Corinthian Yachting and Corinthian Yachtsmen - By AUGUSTUS G. WILDY 442 - - - Price 21/- - - GALE & POLDEN, LTD., - - 2, AMEN CORNER, PATERNOSTER ROW, E.C. - - - - - THE - - OFFICIAL CRESTS, BADGES & HONOURS - - OF THE - - BRITISH ARMY, - - ALL BEAUTIFULLY EXECUTED AND HANDSOMELY PRINTED IN GOLD AND COLOURS - - 6d. per PACKET or 5s. per DOZEN PACKETS. - -_The “Crests” are put up in Twelve Packets, containing about =48= -Crests in each, and the “Badges and Honours” in Eight Packets, -containing about 24 Badges and Honours in each._ - -The Contents of No. 7 Packet of Crests are-- - - - Army Service Corps. - Cameronians (S.R.) (26th and 90th R.) - Do. do. do. - Cheshire Regt. (22nd Regt.) - Connaught Rngrs, 1st B. (88th) - Do. do. do. - Do. (88th & 94th Rgts.) - Do. do. do. - Durham L.I., 1st Bn. (68th Rgt.) - Essex Rgt., Depôt (44th Regt.) - Gloucestershire Rt. (28th & 61st) - Gordon Hdrs. (75th &. 92nd Regt.) - Grenadier Guards. - Hampshire Regt. (37th & 67th) - Inniskilling Fus., R. 1st B. (27th) - Irish Fus., Royal (89th Regt.) - Lanc. Rgt., E., 2nd B. (59th Rt.) - Munster Fus., R. (101st & 104th) - Norfolk Regt. (9th Regt.) - Do. do. - Do. Depôt (9th Regt.) - Rifle Brigade. - Do. do. - Royal Artillery, 78th Field Bty. - Royal Engineers, Mountd. Dep. - Royal Horse Guards. - Royal Monmouthshire Militia - School of Musketry, Hythe - Scots Guards - Scots, Royal (1st Rgt.) - S. W. Borderers, 2nd B. (24th R.) - Suffolk Regt. (12th Regt.) - Warwickshire Rt., Rl.(6th Rgt.) - West India Rgt. 2nd Battn. - Wiltshire Rgt., 2nd Vol. Battn. - Yorkshire L.I., 1st B. (51st Rt.) - 1st (King’s) Dragoon Guards. - 7th & 57th Regtl. Dist. (Depôt Rl. Fus. & Middlesex Regt.) - Behar Lgt. Horse (Indian Army) - 3rd Lancers (Hyderabad Contingent) (Indian Army) - 3rd Goorkhas (Indian Army) - 3rd Gurkha Rifle Regt. - 21st Regt. Madras Pioneers. - 23rd Wallajhabad L. Inf. - Military College, Guatemala - Manitoba L.I., 91st Regiment of Canadian Infy. - Egyptian Army. - - -The Contents of No. 3 Packet of Badges and Honours are-- - - Border Rgt., 34th & 55th Rgt. - Connaught R’grs., 2 B. 94th Rgt. - Cornwall L.I., 1st Bn. 32nd Rgt. - Devon Rgt., 11th Rgt. - Derbyshire Rgt., 45th & 95th Rgt. - Essex Rgt., 1st Bn., 44th Rgt. - Gloster Rgt., 28th & 61st Rgt. - Gordon Hdrs., 75th and 92nd Rgt. - Lancaster Rgt., Rl., 4th Rgt. - Liverpool Rgt., 8th Rgt. - Naval Crown. - Northampton Rgt., 48th Rgt. - Oxford L.I., 1st Bn., 43rd Rgt. - Royal Artillery. - Royal Engineers. - Royal Marine Light Infantry. - Surrey Rgt., Rl. West, 2nd Rgt. - Suffolk Rgt., 12th Rgt. - Warwick Rgt., Rl., 6th Rgt. - Wilts Rgt., 1st Bn., 62nd Rgt. - Yorks Rgt., 2nd Bn., 19th Rgt. - Yorks Rgt., E., 15th Rgt. - 5th Dragoon Guards. - 13th Hussars. - - - THE BRITISH ARMY CREST ALBUM, - - Containing Honours and Nicknames of the Army, with spaces for - Regimental Crests Badges, Honours, &c. - - FOUR SHILLINGS. - -Obtainable from Booksellers or from the Publishers-- - - GALE & POLDEN, LTD., PUBLISHERS, - 2, AMEN CORNER, PATERNOSTER ROW, LONDON, E.C., - -AND AT WELLINGTON WORKS, ALDERSHOT. - - -The most complete Catalogue of Military Works ever issued. 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