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diff --git a/old/65975-h/65975-h.htm b/old/65975-h/65975-h.htm deleted file mode 100644 index 29cb175..0000000 --- a/old/65975-h/65975-h.htm +++ /dev/null @@ -1,3839 +0,0 @@ -<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" - "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> -<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en"> - <head> - <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=utf-8" /> - <meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css" /> - <title> - The Project Gutenberg eBook of The Making of a Man, by George R. 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Fuller Company</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and -most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms -of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online -at <a href="https://www.gutenberg.org">www.gutenberg.org</a>. If you -are not located in the United States, you will have to check the laws of the -country where you are located before using this eBook. -</div> - -<p style='display:block; margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:0; margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em'>Title: The Making of a Man</p> -<p style='display:block; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:1em; margin-left:2em; text-indent:0;'>Being a description of Artificial Limbs and how they may be adopted by those who have suffered Loss of their Natural Limbs</p> - -<div style='display:block; margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:1em; margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em'>Author: George R. Fuller Company</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'>Release Date: August 1, 2021 [eBook #65975]</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'>Language: English</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'>Character set encoding: UTF-8</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em'>Produced by: MFR and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images generously made available by The Internet Archive)</div> - -<div style='margin-top:2em; margin-bottom:4em'>*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE MAKING OF A MAN ***</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_1">[1]</span></p> - -<h1><span class="u">The Making of a Man</span></h1> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_2">[2]</span></p> - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_3">[3]</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 375px;"> -<img src="images/frontispiece.jpg" width="375" height="700" alt="" /> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_4">[4]</span></p> - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_5">[5]</span></p> - -<p class="titlepage larger">The Making<br /> -of a Man</p> - -<p class="titlepage">BEING A DESCRIPTION OF<br /> -ARTIFICIAL LIMBS AND<br /> -HOW THEY MAY BE<br /> -ADOPTED BY THOSE WHO<br /> -HAVE SUFFERED LOSS OF<br /> -THEIR NATURAL LIMBS</p> - -<div class="figcenter titlepage" style="width: 150px;"> -<img src="images/deco-tp.jpg" width="150" height="75" alt="" /> -</div> - -<p class="titlepage">George R. Fuller Company<br /> -Rochester, N. Y.</p> - -<table summary="Branches"> - <tr> - <td>23 West Swan Street</td> - <td class="tdr">}</td> - <td rowspan="2" class="valign">BRANCHES</td> - <td>{</td> - <td>50 North 13th Street</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Buffalo, N.Y.</td> - <td class="tdr">}</td> - <td>{</td> - <td>Philadelphia, Pa.</td> - </tr> -</table> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_6">[6]</span></p> - -<p class="titlepage smaller"><span class="smcap">Copyrighted 1902 by</span><br /> -GEORGE R. FULLER CO.</p> - -<p class="smaller"><span class="smcap">Note.</span>—The copyright covers the arrangement and -phraseology of the text as well as the drawings and -engravings. The right of translation is reserved.</p> - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter"> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_7">[7]</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;"> -<img src="images/header1.jpg" width="500" height="250" alt="ARTIFICIAL LIMBS" /> -</div> - -<h2 class="nobreak" id="Introduction"><i>Introduction</i></h2> - -</div> - -<p>The making of a man is a process of time, of training -and of progress. The babe, indeed, may be -born perfect in physical proportions and in possession of -normal faculties; but no product of Nature may stand still. -Growth or decay is the lot of every one, and the man—the -full and perfect man—is the result of physical and -mental development.</p> - -<p>There has never been a time when physical development -has received so much attention as at present, or -when its importance has been so greatly appreciated. -Physical culture and exercise in the open air have resulted -in making men and women stronger and healthier, and -consequently more graceful in carriage and figure and -better fitted to enjoy the pleasures and perform the duties -of life. The conviction is now general that to produce -the highest type of man the cultivation and development -of the physical structure should proceed with the cultivation -of the mind; but on the other hand, the wise do not -admit that the practice of devoting too much attention to -athletics should be encouraged, however prevalent this -practice may be said to be at many leading colleges. The -proper ratio should be observed.</p> - -<p>It is not desirable, to be sure, that the race should -become one of ignorant giants, but nevertheless the -value of exercise and of physical work cannot be disputed. -The right to pursue this value should be shared by all -mankind. Fortunately it has been made possible now, -as it formerly was not, for those who have lost limbs -to indulge in rightful exercise and perform necessary -physical work notwithstanding their misfortunes. The<span class="pagenum" id="Page_8">[8]</span> -activities of life, with their resulting benefit, are no longer -denied them.</p> - -<p>Surgery, the scientific making of mechanical devices -for the correction of deformities, and the manufacture of -artificial substitutes for lost limbs, have led in the advance -of methods intended to better the condition or ameliorate -the suffering of humanity.</p> - -<p>Time was when the loss of a leg meant the stumping -through the balance of life on a crotched stick. There -was Peter Stuyvesant, for instance, whose portrait is shown -on the cover of this catalogue. He lost a leg in the wars -in the West Indies in 1640. Thereafter, during the -time he was the last Dutch Director General of New -Netherlands—from 1647 until his surrender to the -English in 1664—and to his death in New York in 1682 -at the ripe old age of eighty, he pegged his way along. -He was a man well able to afford the best in life, but -nothing better than the ordinary peg leg was then obtainable, -and so for forty years or more Peter Stuyvesant suffered -the inconvenience due to the crude device.</p> - -<p>Now, fortunately for the afflicted, better things are -possible. Science and art have combined so successfully -in the manufacture of our artificial limbs that not only is -the wearer free from discomfort but he is enabled to -continue his career of activity, and pursue, as may be -necessary, his labors for a livelihood. Besides, the perfection -of design and manufacture of these aids makes -their presence difficult of detection.</p> - -<p>Not only is ordinary labor well performed, but many -remarkable feats are accomplished by wearers of limbs of -our manufacture. A few instances are cited below.</p> - -<p>A noted pitcher of a baseball team and a remarkable -bicycle rider, although deprived in early life of both legs -by accident, is able to hold a position of prominence in -his profession.</p> - -<p>An operator constantly on his feet in a signal tower -suffers no inconvenience. After making five experiments -he has found finally that the artificial leg with which -we have equipped him is the most comfortable he has -ever worn.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_9">[9]</span></p> - -<p>A crack bicycle rider, both of whose legs have been -amputated, one above the knee and one below, pronounces -our substitute faultless. He is able not only to -mount and dismount with ease but to perform all manner -of tricks and fancy riding, doing this as well as his competitors -blessed with sound, muscular, natural limbs. -Besides, he has a mile track record of 2.37.</p> - -<p>Money will not buy happiness, but it will aid in its -attainment. Money will not compensate for the loss of a -limb, but it will buy a fair substitute if one knows where -to procure it.</p> - -<p>One having a valuable and delicate watch needing -repairs would naturally be very cautious into whose hands -it was entrusted. In the event of sickness we are apt to -be very careful into whose care we place the patient. -Careful inquiry is made as to the reliability of the physician -and his experience, whether or not he has been successful, -if he understands his business and is honest in his -purpose; if his advice will be given in the best interests -of the patient, or whether his own profit is of first importance -to him.</p> - -<p>It is entirely proper to ask similar questions in regard -to the makers of artificial limbs; but too often people are -careless in the matter, and place the case in the hands of -almost anybody in the business, without regard to responsibility -or reliability. Thus the remedy secured is often -worse than the disease. The strictest investigation should -be made. A competent maker should be selected. The -case being entrusted to him, the minor details should be -left to his judgment, with faith that his experience and -thorough understanding of his business will produce the -best result.</p> - -<p>No single style of limb is suitable for all cases. Appropriate -and distinct construction is necessary, that the -limb shall meet the requirements of the person who is to -be compelled to wear it. Recognizing the truth of this, -we have been led to the study of the peculiarities and individual -needs of each case presented to us. Our limbs -are constructed with such a variety of joints and attachments -that each appliance may be accurately adapted to<span class="pagenum" id="Page_10">[10]</span> -any variation in the condition or occupation -of the patient. If any doubt -exists as to the result in any case, we -give ample opportunity for experiment -at our expense. It is for this reason that so many purchasers -have spoken in the highest terms of praise of our -efforts and the results.</p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 400px;"> -<img src="images/illus1.jpg" width="400" height="500" alt="" /> -</div> - -<p>We do not seek to discredit other manufacturers, but -simply, in full confidence, we state that we are the makers -of the best goods obtainable. In the pages following we -have endeavored to convey some idea of the ingenuity and -artistic skill which we bestow upon our work.</p> - -<p>For over forty years—in fact, since 1856—we have -conducted our business in Rochester without interruption -and with increasing prosperity. Until 1876 the business -was conducted by Dr. Douglas Bly, who founded it. -Then for twenty years Mr. Fuller personally continued -the business, until in 1896 the present company was incorporated -under the laws of the State of New York with -a paid-up capital of $25,000. The patience and skill -exercised throughout these years have evolved the limb we -term “The Walk-Easy Leg,” and placed us at the head -of manufacturers of artificial limbs. Our efforts have been -always to improve and perfect—to excel at every point. -We are assured that these efforts have met with approval. -We enjoy the confidence of those who have found need of -our services. As a further evidence that we have successfully -sought to excel, it may be stated that during the past -twenty years, notwithstanding active competition, we have -supplied the United States Government with one-quarter -in number of all the limbs furnished to pensioners. We -also have supplied officially the States of Virginia, Georgia, -South Carolina and Louisiana. Furthermore, our work -has been placed in the first class by various scientific boards -convened for the purpose, and it has received the endorsement -of the world’s most famous surgeons.</p> - -<p>Aside from the personal testimony of the multitudes -throughout the country who have availed themselves of -our experience and skill, and have offered to bear witness -to the good we have done them, we refer as to our<span class="pagenum" id="Page_11">[11]</span> -financial standing and reliability to Dun or Bradstreet -mercantile agencies, or to any bank or public man in -our city or vicinity.</p> - -<p>Intending purchasers are invited to correspond with -us, that they may receive, if they are necessary or desirable, -fuller details than are covered in this work. We -are always glad to receive inquiries and offer suggestions -for the comfort of our customers.</p> - -<p class="center">GEORGE R. FULLER COMPANY,<br /> -<span class="smcap">Rochester, N. Y.</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 50px;"> -<img src="images/deco-acorn.jpg" width="50" height="50" alt="" /> -</div> - -<p class="center">Patents have been granted us as follows:</p> - -<table summary="Patent numbers and dates"> - <tr> - <td>April 19, 1859</td> - <td></td> - <td></td> - <td>No.</td> - <td class="tdr">23,656</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>April 30, 1859</td> - <td></td> - <td></td> - <td>No.</td> - <td class="tdr">25,238</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>February 19, 1861</td> - <td></td> - <td></td> - <td>No.</td> - <td class="tdr">31,438</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>July 20, 1862</td> - <td></td> - <td></td> - <td>No.</td> - <td class="tdr">38,549</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>May 19, 1863</td> - <td></td> - <td></td> - <td>No.</td> - <td class="tdr">38,550</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>July 28, 1857</td> - <td></td> - <td>Re-issued July 7, 1863</td> - <td>No.</td> - <td class="tdr">1,510</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>May 17, 1859</td> - <td>}</td> - <td rowspan="3" class="valign">Re-issued July 12, 1864</td> - <td rowspan="3" class="valign">No.</td> - <td rowspan="3" class="valign tdr">1,724</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>July 3, 1860</td> - <td>}</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Dec. 23, 1862</td> - <td>}</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>October 11, 1864</td> - <td></td> - <td></td> - <td>No.</td> - <td class="tdr">44,638</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>September 4, 1866</td> - <td></td> - <td></td> - <td>No.</td> - <td class="tdr">57,666</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>March 9, 1869</td> - <td></td> - <td></td> - <td>No.</td> - <td class="tdr">87,624</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>April 19, 1887</td> - <td></td> - <td></td> - <td>No.</td> - <td class="tdr">361,405</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>October 4, 1887</td> - <td></td> - <td></td> - <td>No.</td> - <td class="tdr">370,774</td> - </tr> -</table> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_12">[12]</span></p> - -<h3><i>Amputations</i></h3> - -<p>It is probable that such a publication as this -will be read only by those who have lost limbs or -by their immediate friends. To advance an opinion -here as to the length of stump or the kind of -operation best adapted to the subsequent application -of an artificial limb would be of little benefit, -and might, indeed, suggest dissatisfaction to the -sufferer and cause injury to the operator. The -preservation of life is the object of amputations. -Surgeons generally appreciate the importance of -the operation and their own responsibility. They -undertake it with reluctance. Often during such -an operation exigencies arise or unforeseen conditions -so present themselves as to preclude any -observance of suggestions relating to the selection -of a point for amputation and preparation of the -stump for the exercise of the restorative art of -prosthesis. Then the surgeon has no choice if he -would save life. It is better not to criticise the -operation and malign the operator, but to believe -the best results possible under the circumstances -have been attained and be thankful that the outcome -is no worse.</p> - -<h3><i>Treatment of the Stump</i></h3> - -<p>In preparation for the application of an artificial -leg, and as soon as it is healed sufficiently to -permit it without pain or irritation, the stump -should be kept tightly bandaged from the end up -to the knee, if the amputation be below, or up to -the body if the amputation be above the knee. -The bandaging will diminish and solidify the -stump, leaving it in a much more desirable condition -for fitting and rendering the successful use -of a leg more a matter of certainty. If neglected, -the chances are that a soft, flabby stump will be -the result, which will rapidly reduce after the -patient begins the use of a leg, but a refitting or<span class="pagenum" id="Page_13">[13]</span> -an uncomfortable amount of filling up in the socket -to compensate for the shrinkage of the stump will -be necessary in order to walk with the least degree -of ease or satisfaction. The remaining joints, particularly -the knee joint, should be kept in motion -as much as can be conveniently, every day; this -will prevent their becoming anchylosed (stiff and -inflexible). Should this warning come too late, -and the joint is already anchylosed, it should be -gently and gradually exercised, and oily, relaxing -applications applied until straightened and flexible. -A free daily use of the cold water bath and brisk -rubbing will prove beneficial. An application of a -solution of tannin and alcohol will toughen the -skin, and in many cases it would be an excellent -thing to continue the use of this solution after an -artificial leg has been applied.</p> - -<h3><i>How Soon After an Amputation</i></h3> - -<p>There is a diversity of opinion as to how -early a substitute may be applied. Many surgeons -strongly urge that an artificial leg cannot be safely -fitted for several months after cicatrization occurs, -while, on the other hand, some manufacturers of -artificial limbs claim that a leg can be satisfactorily -fitted just as soon as the stump has healed, no -matter if it be but five or six weeks after the -amputation.</p> - -<p>Much, of course, depends upon the condition -of the patient, in circumstance and constitution. -It many times occurs that while the edges of the -flaps have united, and cicatrization appears, ossification -at the sawn end of the bones has not taken -place, consequently the necessary pressure and -tension on the surrounding integuments and other -adjacent parts in wearing a leg will unavoidably -cause inconvenience, irritation and pain. It is -therefore our opinion, based upon experience and<span class="pagenum" id="Page_14">[14]</span> -observation, that in -most cases an artificial -leg should not be -fitted within <i>three -months</i> after amputation, and that if the edges -of the wound have thoroughly united at the -end of that time it is <i>unnecessary to wait longer</i>, -except to harden and reduce the stump by -bandaging, if this has not previously been done. -There are many good reasons why a leg should -be applied as soon as practicable after this time -(provided that the stump has healed), the chief one -being that there is nothing that will discipline and -strengthen a stump and remaining joints as quickly -and as effectually as the use of a properly fitted -artificial leg.</p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;"> -<img src="images/illus2.jpg" width="500" height="500" alt="" /> -</div> - -<h3><i>Material of Construction</i></h3> - -<p>The materials used in the construction of -artificial limbs are, principally, tough English willow, -leather, metal and rubber. The wood parts, -when worked to the desired shape, are covered -with parchment or rawhide and finished with a -flesh-tinted waterproof enamel.</p> - -<h3><i>Artificial Legs for Children</i></h3> - -<p>When children have been deprived, by accident -or disease, of one or both lower limbs, artificial -legs should be applied as soon as the condition of -the stump will safely permit. It is too generally -presumed that an outgrown limb is of no further -use, and that the purchase of an artificial leg before -full growth is assured means a foolish expenditure.</p> - -<p>This is wrong, at least so far as our work is -concerned; there are artificial legs made that it -would be very expensive to lengthen or change, but -any leg that is made by us, or under our name or -supervision, we will agree to lengthen at any future -time, as necessity may arise, at a cost not to exceed<span class="pagenum" id="Page_15">[15]</span> -five dollars, and in many cases not to exceed three or -four dollars. When the amputation is above the -knee, it is often necessary that the leg be lengthened -both above and below the knee-joint. This involves -more labor and consequently greater expense, but -in no case will the charge exceed five dollars.</p> - -<p>For a very young child we would make the -artificial foot one or two sizes larger than the -natural one; in a year or so the natural foot will -reach the size of the artificial, and some months, -perhaps years, will elapse before the natural foot -will be perceptibly larger than the artificial. This -method keeps the feet nearer the same size a longer -time than would be the case if the artificial foot were -made the same size as the natural foot in the first -place. When it is necessary to increase the size -of the foot it can be easily and inexpensively done.</p> - -<p>When children are deprived of these useful -appendages, solely from fear or apprehension that -they may be outgrown, a lasting injustice is done -them. There is great danger of deformity and -disease from the prolonged use of crutches, particularly -at a tender and susceptible age; and the most -natural, easy, graceful walkers on artificial legs are -those who commence the use of them in youth; the -habit becomes thoroughly formed, and the continued -use of them from childhood develops and -strengthens the muscles and joints in a more -effectual manner than can be accomplished by any -other process or treatment.</p> - -<h3><i>Weight of Artificial Limbs</i></h3> - -<p>It is not possible to reduce the weight of artificial -legs below a certain point without sacrificing -strength and good wearing qualities. The leg we -construct weighs from two to five and one-half -pounds, but in some special cases where extreme -strength is required this may be exceeded. Much<span class="pagenum" id="Page_16">[16]</span> -depends, however, upon the weight and occupation -of the wearer. Many legs of other makes which -weigh no more than ours require more of an effort -to carry and swing them, because the action of the -rubber spring in the back part of our leg assists -materially in carrying the leg forward while in the -act of walking, thus relieving the stump from the -effort that would otherwise be required to swing it. -We aim to have sufficient weight around the joints -to support them securely; at other points, where -strength is not required, they are left a mere shell. -The weight of an artificial arm is much less, varying -from one-half to one and one-half pounds.</p> - -<h3><i>Durability of Artificial Limbs</i></h3> - -<p>The occupation of the wearer has much to do -with the durability of an artificial leg, but more -depends upon the care and attention it receives. -We know of limbs that have been in constant use -for eighteen or twenty years and are undoubtedly -good for several more years of good service, and -others, equally well made in every way, that because -of neglect and abuse have lasted only three -or four years. These are the extremes, however. -The average durability of an artificial leg we estimate -to be from seven to eight years. Artificial -arms not being subject to the strain and wear of a -leg will last much longer, the average time, we -should say, being double that of a leg. It should -be borne in mind, however, that they are but a -mechanical imitation of Nature and require attention -the same as any other piece of mechanism, -and that it pays to keep them at all times clean -and in good working order, and that the better the -care the better and more lasting will be the service.</p> - -<div class="smaller"> - -<p><span class="smcap">Note.</span>—While preparing this article Mr. John S. Havens, of -Plainwell, Michigan, called upon us wearing an artificial leg made at -this factory in the spring of 1864, and the leg is still in excellent -condition.</p> - -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_17">[17]</span></p> - -<h3><i>How to Proceed in Ordering a Leg</i></h3> - -<p>A very common error is prevalent in the minds -of many that artificial limbs are kept on hand in full -assortments and varieties, and that it is only necessary -for a person to call and purchase one and -wear it away, the same as you would a pair of boots -or shoes. Artificial legs are only made to order, -and it is preferable that the patient be present at the -factory for a day or two to have the leg fitted and -give it a thorough and satisfactory trial. Write to -us, stating full particulars of the case—when amputated, -whether below or above the knee, length -and condition of the stump, etc. Also state the -price you wish to pay for a leg, and whether or not -it will be practicable for you to come here and have -it fitted. If you can come here, name a day that -will be most convenient for you to do so, and we -will be ready for you. If possible, also specify time -of day and by which route you will arrive in -Rochester; if you are unable to determine in season -to advise us by mail, please do so by telegraph, and -we will have some one meet you at the station. -A shoe will be wanted here for the artificial foot. -Your presence will be required from one to two -days, depending upon the difficulty in fitting and -the number of orders we have on hand; during this -time you will have an opportunity of putting the -leg on, and giving it a thorough trial in the rough. -After you are satisfied with the test, you may return -home and the leg will be completed and forwarded -to you in about ten days, or, if you prefer to remain -and wear it home, it will be finished in about a week. -Excellent hotel accommodations can be obtained -for one dollar per day or five dollars per week.</p> - -<h3><i>Making Artificial Legs from Measurements</i></h3> - -<p>For the benefit of persons who do not care to -incur the expense and inconvenience of a journey -to the factory, we have perfected a chart for<span class="pagenum" id="Page_18">[18]</span> -measurements, and directions for taking profiles, -plaster of paris moulds, etc., that overcome all the -difficulty and expense of a personal visit. To -make success doubly sure, when so desired we put -the leg up in the rough and forward it for trial; -this gives the same opportunity of trying it that -would be had here. The leg can then be returned to -us with directions as to any changes that may be -needed. To be sure, there is some expense for -transporting the leg, but it is small compared with -the cost of a journey here. A good share of our -orders are being filled in this manner, and with -unvarying success. Indeed, there need be no -fear or hesitancy in sending orders to us for -artificial legs to be made from measurements, as -we <i>guarantee a fit</i>. Should it prove otherwise, -we will make any required alterations without -charge.</p> - -<h3><i>Warranty</i></h3> - -<p>The following is a copy of the warranty given -with each leg. The time of the warranty will -depend entirely upon the price paid. See prices -of the various styles.</p> - -<div class="blockquote"> - -<p class="right"><span class="smcap">Rochester, N.Y.</span>, ______ 19__.</p> - -<p>In consideration of the sum of __ dollars, -received from ______ of ______ for an artificial leg, we -hereby warrant the same, as follows: In case any part -of said leg should, on account of poor material or bad -workmanship, break or give way within __ years from -the date hereof, we agree to repair the same without -charge, provided that, as soon as any defect is discovered, -the leg, or any part thereof that needs to be repaired or -replaced, be forwarded to us without delay, and at the -expense of the owner. It is not the intention of this -warranty to make good without charge the unavoidable -wear of the leg, or breakage caused by accident, neglect -or misuse.</p> - -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_19">[19]</span></p> - -<h3><i>Prices</i></h3> - -<p>Our prices are graded in such a manner as to -make it possible for any one to secure one of these -reliable limbs, and are governed entirely by the -quality of the work and the time for which the -limb is warranted, and bear an exact proportion to -the cost of production and the probable cost of -repairs during the term of the warranty. We have -plans, which we will be very glad to explain to any -who desire to know about them, whereby these -limbs may be obtained without the expenditure of -any money whatever. Simply the giving of a little -time and persistent work. Scores have earned -limbs in this way.</p> - -<h3><i>Remittances</i></h3> - -<p>Should be made by express, post office or express -money order, registered letter, or New York -draft, whichever is most convenient for the sender.</p> - -<h3><i>Terms</i></h3> - -<p>It is our custom, as it is with all makers of -special appliances of this kind, to require in each -case a cash deposit as a guarantee of good faith. -When the purchaser is present at the factory for the -purpose of having a limb fitted, the limb may be -tried in the rough before making any payment; -if the fit and trial are satisfactory, one-half the -price will be required. When limbs are made -from measurements, without the presence of the -patient at the factory, one-half the price of the -limb ordered should accompany the order. In both -cases when the limb is finished it will be delivered -by express C.O.D. with the privilege -of examination and trial before making -the final payment.</p> - -<p>A careful consideration of the -following facts should convince -any fair-minded person that this -plan is not only reasonable and -just but very necessary.</p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 400px;"> -<img src="images/illus3.jpg" width="400" height="500" alt="" /> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_20">[20]</span></p> - -<p>Each limb is made expressly to order for some -one individual, and the limb when completed is of -little or no value to any one except the person for -whom it is made. It requires some degree of -patience and perseverance to overcome the awkwardness -and possible disappointment associated -with the first trial of an artificial limb, and if there -be no obligation and no sacrifice on the part of the -would-be purchaser provided the limb is not accepted, -there is a possibility of its being declined, -and the maker, through no fault of his work, -becomes the loser. On the other hand, the -advance payment made on the limb insures -a very persistent effort on the part of the -purchaser to wear it, resulting in success and -satisfaction.</p> - -<p>The purchaser may rest assured that the work -will not be slighted in any degree whatsoever, and -that it will be our duty and pleasure to make any -changes necessary to insure comfortable use of the -limb any time within a reasonable period after it -is finished.</p> - -<h3><i>Installment Payments</i></h3> - -<p>We can consistently make a limb and accept -installment payments therefor only on the following -conditions: On payment of one-half the price of -the limb with the order, the balance may be paid -in amounts and at times—if within reason—to -suit the purchaser; say five dollars each month -until paid for, provided that these payments are -secured by notes made or endorsed by some reliable -business man, or other equally good security. We -are perfectly willing to give time for a part payment -as stated, but must insist that we be amply -secured against loss from any cause whatever, and -we cannot entertain any proposition wherein this -is not provided for.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_21">[21]</span></p> - -<h3><i>In Writing</i></h3> - -<p>Describe your case as clearly and briefly as -possible, stating whether amputation is above or -below the knee or elbow, when amputated, length -and condition of the stump, your age, weight and -occupation, whether you have ever worn an artificial -limb, if so, how long and what make or makes, -and be particular to write your name and address -plainly, giving the post office, county and state. -Any inquiries that are made on the subject of artificial -limbs will be promptly answered to the best -of our knowledge, and any information that we -can give will be cheerfully imparted.</p> - -<h3><i>Artificial Limbs for U. S. Pensioners</i></h3> - -<p>Every officer or enlisted or hired man who -has lost a limb, or the use of a limb, in the military -or naval service of the United States, is entitled to -receive once every three years an artificial limb or -apparatus. Necessary transportation to the manufactory -and return, by the most usual and direct -route, will be furnished to those desiring it for the -purpose of having artificial limbs fitted, but will -not be furnished except for this purpose. Sleeping-car -accommodations will be given upon request.</p> - -<p>In March, 1891, the law was amended so as -to allow an artificial limb every three years instead -of every five as before. The reduction in time -took effect in various ways but was to be counted -from March 1, 1891. The act operates in three -ways:</p> - -<div class="blockquote"> - -<p><i>First.</i> Those who were entitled on or after March -3, 1888, are entitled every three years from such last date.</p> - -<p><i>Second.</i> Those who were entitled between March 3, -1886, and March 3, 1888, were again entitled March 3, -1891, and every three years from that date.</p> - -<p><i>Third.</i> Those who were entitled before March 3, -1886, were again entitled five years from such date, and -again every three years.</p> - -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_22">[22]</span></p> - -<p>On request of any soldier we will give him -the exact date on which he is entitled to an order -for a leg or for commutation.</p> - -<p>Each officer and soldier has his choice either -to receive a limb or its equivalent in money. All -who want limbs will gain by taking one from the -Government, because the Government will give -transportation to and from the manufactory, the -cost of which in many cases is equal to the value -of the limb. Besides, the Government requires -each manufacturer to warrant his work and material -used. The soldier who draws his money and -buys a limb for himself loses all these advantages. -Many manufacturers of limbs will advise soldiers -to draw the money and then buy of them, so they -will not be obliged to warrant their limbs to the -Government, or give a bond for the same.</p> - -<p>We furnish legs and arms for all kinds of -amputations, on Government orders. The necessary -blanks on which the applications should be -made for limbs and transportation will be furnished -to any soldier on application.</p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 700px;"> -<img src="images/illus4.jpg" width="700" height="275" alt="" /> -</div> - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter"> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_23">[23]</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;"> -<img src="images/header2.jpg" width="500" height="150" alt="The WALKEASY ARTIFICIAL LEG" /> -</div> - -</div> - -<h3><i>The Latest Progress in Artificial Limb Construction</i></h3> - -<p>The <span class="smcap">Walkeasy</span> leg is one of the more recent -of the long list of our artificial limb products. -The name signifies more than is ordinarily supposed -by the public at large, and is only comprehended -as it should be by those who are so -unfortunate as to require an artificial leg possessing -the requisites indicated by the name <span class="smcap">Walkeasy</span>. -To make the new leg such as to truly maintain -this name will be our aim and effort in all cases.</p> - -<p>As the weight of the body is imposed upon -the artificial leg, under a high pressure, changing -from naught to the entire weight of the body, and -at times to double that weight or more, the least -particle of chafing or friction would soon cause -soreness and might continue to that extent that -the limb would be impossible of good, and, moreover, -a source of much injury to the wearer. The -amputation of a leg, therefore, requires on the part -of the artificial leg a double degree of responsibility; -the limb must not only fit the remaining mutilated -part of the leg comfortably, but must reproduce the -general motion to a greater or lesser degree of perfection. -These are delicate features of artificial -limb production, and in no way are they more -perfectly reproduced than in the <span class="smcap">Walkeasy</span> leg.</p> - -<p>The improvements represented by the <span class="smcap">Walkeasy</span> -leg are not simply theoretical. We have -been quietly experimenting with them for years, -not in the shop only, but they have been put into -practical use by wearers, of various professions -and occupations—the correct way of testing an<span class="pagenum" id="Page_24">[24]</span> -appliance of this kind; otherwise we would not -dare hazard our reputation on their success.</p> - -<p>The most approved points of excellence in -both the ordinary rubber and wooden feet are -combined in the <span class="smcap">Walkeasy</span> foot. The rubber -and wooden feet, as commonly constructed, while -possessing desirable features, are objectionable and -unsuitable in many cases—the rubber foot on -account of its rigid, motionless ankle, and the -wooden foot on account of the hard, unyielding, -springless material of which it is constructed. In -the <span class="smcap">Walkeasy</span> foot both of these features are -entirely done away with and the desirable ones -preserved.</p> - -<p>The following are the eminently desirable -features of the <span class="smcap">Walkeasy</span> leg, a combination of -which is not to be found in any other artificial leg -manufactured:</p> - -<div class="blockquote"> - -<p><i>First.</i> The removable sponge-rubber sole of the -foot imparts a soft, noiseless tread, does not cut the stockings, -gives a natural appearance in the shoe, relieves the -wearer of much strain and jar in walking, greatly assists -the ankle springs in their action, producing an increased -lifelike motion, and greatly reduces the chances of breakage -of any part of the leg.</p> - -<p><i>Second.</i> The yielding rubber at bottom of foot provides -for a little lateral or side motion, enough for all -practical purposes.</p> - -<p><i>Third.</i> The ankle joint is strongly constructed. A -substance composed of fibre, in which plumbago (black -lead) is incorporated, is used as a bearing on the ankle -bolt or cylinder, making a lubricating and most satisfactory -joint.</p> - -<p><i>Fourth.</i> The sponge-rubber or felt sole, which can -be easily and quickly removed and cheaply renewed or -repaired without the necessity of procuring a new foot in -case of wear or breakage.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_25">[25]</span></p> - -<p><i>Fifth.</i> No mechanical toe joint, the flexibility of -the rubber or felt giving the desired motion.</p> - -<p><i>Sixth.</i> The cords or tendons come in contact with -no surfaces to cause friction or wear and are adjustable so -as to give any desired mobility to the ankle joint.</p> - -<p><i>Seventh.</i> Knee joints, for amputation below the -knee, with four bearings, taper phosphor bronze bushings, -and taper bolts, giving the greatest degree of wearing surface -and requiring the least possible lubrication.</p> - -<p><i>Eighth.</i> The purchaser has the choice of a wood -socket, leather lacing socket, or the <span class="smcap">Neverchafe</span> spring -socket, which ever is best adapted and most suitable for the -peculiarities of his case, and for amputation below the knee -an extra attachment is included for use in place of the -knee joint and thigh lacer, at such times as it may suit the -wearer to try it.</p> - -</div> - -<p>The best product in this line, if within the -means of the purchaser, should be the one chosen; -but while the <span class="smcap">Walkeasy</span> leg possesses so many -eminent features it is not more costly than the -average product of other manufacturers. Moreover, -our guarantee is that if it fails in realizing to -the wearer what is promised to him, we are more -than willing to secure the point of perfection without -extra charge, and make of it for the wearer his -ideal and not ours.</p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 200px;"> -<img src="images/footer1.jpg" width="200" height="150" alt="" /> -</div> - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_26">[26]</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;"> - -<img src="images/figure200-203.jpg" width="350" height="700" alt="200 201 202 203" /> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_27">[27]</span></p> - -<p class="num"><span class="smcap">Number 200</span></p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Walkeasy</span> leg for amputation above the knee, with -adjustable leather lacing socket; any style of suspenders -desired. Price $100. Warranted five years.</p> - -<p class="num"><span class="smcap">Number 201</span></p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Walkeasy</span> leg for amputation above the knee, with -wood socket; any style of suspenders; also <span class="smcap">Neverchafe</span> -socket, if desired, without extra charge. -Price $100. Warranted five years.</p> - -<p class="num"><span class="smcap">Number 202</span></p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Walkeasy</span> knee-bearing leg, leather socket; used for -very short stump below the knee, or for an inflexible -knee-joint; wood socket made if preferred. Price -$100. Warranted five years.</p> - -<p class="num"><span class="smcap">Number 203</span></p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Walkeasy</span> end-bearing leg for knee-joint amputation, -leather socket; socket will be made of wood if -preferred. Price $100. Warranted five years.</p> - -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_28">[28]</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;"> - -<img src="images/figure204-207.jpg" width="350" height="700" alt="204 205 206 207" /> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_29">[29]</span></p> - -<p class="num"><span class="smcap">Number 204</span></p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Walkeasy</span> leg with adjustable leather lacing socket, -for amputation below the knee; clasp thigh lacer; -any other style used. Price $100. Warranted -five years.</p> - -<p class="num"><span class="smcap">Number 205</span></p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Walkeasy</span> leg with wooden socket, for amputation -below the knee; <span class="smcap">Neverchafe</span> socket used, if desired, -without extra charge. Price $100. Warranted -five years.</p> - -<p class="num"><span class="smcap">Number 206</span></p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Walkeasy</span> leg with leather lacing socket, without -knee-joint or thigh support, for amputation below -the knee; not suitable for short stumps. Price $75. -Warranted five years.</p> - -<p class="num"><span class="smcap">Number 207</span></p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Walkeasy</span> leg with wooden socket, without knee-joint -or thigh support, for amputation below the -knee; not suitable for short stumps; <span class="smcap">Neverchafe</span> -socket used, if desired, without additional expense. -Price $75. Warranted five years.</p> - -</div> - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_30">[30]</span></p> - -<h3><i>Sectional View of the Improved Walkeasy Leg</i></h3> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 350px;"> -<img src="images/figure260-263.jpg" width="350" height="700" alt="260 261 262 263" /> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_31">[31]</span></p> - -<p>No. 260. Some changes have been made in -the ankle joint, but the notable modifications are a -foot with thick sponge-rubber removable sole, K-K, -in place of the rubber-covered core; for thigh amputations -an adjustable steel knee cord and spring -piston, combined in one piece, E, and knee-joint -tightener, A.</p> - -<p>The removable sole gives us an opportunity -of strengthening the upper part of foot with a rawhide -covering. Between the wooden part J and -the rubber K at the toe part, layers of canvas and -sole leather are placed to prevent breaking or -turning up of the toe. This, however, is hardly -necessary in most cases, but we consider it an -additional protection. With rubber-covered cores -the rubber first breaks away from the top of the -core at the toe part, resulting in turning up of the -toe, leaving little chance to repair it satisfactorily -without making a new foot. This cannot very -well take place with the rubber sole, as there is no -rubber above the wood to break away. If, however, -it becomes necessary for any reason to renew -the rubber, the sole can be removed by simply -taking a screw out at the bottom of foot, and a -new sole or part of a sole put on at a trifling -expense without sending the leg to us, as we keep -on file a pattern of each individual foot made. -The greater security by which the cord ends and -the ankle-joint rods are kept in place, and the -convenient method of getting at them, are additional -strong points commending the change. See -No. 261.</p> - -<p>The combination knee cord and spring consists -of a steel rod carefully bushed at the joint and -extending through a hickory bar in calf of the leg, -with a thick, soft leather washer on the rod under -the bar, and a nut at the end of rod that is reached<span class="pagenum" id="Page_32">[32]</span> -with thumb and finger through holes in back of leg -for readily adjusting the length. For the knee -spring a suitably protected heavy elastic web is -slipped over end of the rod and adjusted from outside -of leg with buckskin strings; as leg is flexed -in act of walking, the rod is forced through the -hickory bar, stretching the web and forcing the -lower part of the leg forward in position for next -step; when lower part of leg is flexed at right -angles with the thigh, as in sitting, the pressure of -spring is automatically released. This change simplifies -the knee-joint construction, is lighter and -more convenient of adjustment.</p> - -<p>Figs. 262 and 263 illustrate a new knee joint -for amputation below the knee. This is the latest -and decidedly the most compact, lightest, and at -the same time the best wearing joint that we have -ever adopted, not excepting the ball-bearing joint, -and is recommended in all cases.</p> - -<p>Joints of medium weight are usually applied. -A heavier joint of same pattern is used, however, -when the wearer is unusually heavy or desires an -extra strong joint and does not mind the additional -weight. Let us see if we can describe the -uniqueness of it, so that it will be understood.</p> - -<p>The head of the joint is very thin (three-eighths -of an inch), permitting the trousers to set -smoothly; at the same time there is as much -wearing surface as in an ordinary joint of twice -the thickness. C is a phosphor bronze (the -toughest of metal) taper bushing fitted into a taper -hole. B is a taper bolt fitting a taper hole in the -bushing; when drawn into place with screw A, the -bushing is wedged into male joint head E tightly, -so that it is practically a part of this male head. -In swinging the leg the movement or wear is on -the bolt B inside the cone bushing, giving as much<span class="pagenum" id="Page_33">[33]</span> -wearing surface as a joint with male head as thick -as this bushing is long. Perhaps it will be better -understood by reference to separate cuts of the -bolt B and bushing C, and stating that the bolt -turns or moves inside the bushing only, and that -there is no wearing surface except between these -two parts.</p> - -<p>Parts A, B and C are all made to a size and -interchangeable. Any one of them taken from -stock will fit any joint head of this pattern without -special fitting, so that it may be conveniently -replaced in case of wear.</p> - -<h3><i>The Haberl Patent Foot With Tarsal Articulation</i></h3> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 350px;"> -<img src="images/figure264-265.jpg" width="350" height="350" alt="264 265" /> -</div> - -<p>The novelty of this invention is in the point -of articulation being near the bottom of the foot -instead of at the ankle. It does not give as much -motion as the ankle-jointed foot, but is much -superior to the rigid ankle without a joint. The -construction is so simple that little explanation is -required. The dotted lines in No. 264 represent -hickory plates, covered with sponge rubber, and -No. 265 shows the manner in which the parts are -put together. The heel part is slipped into the -round hole in hollow of foot, and the piece taking -the place of the ball and toe part of foot is passed -through into the heel part, as shown by dotted -lines in No. 264, and locked together with a steel -pin, making a complete hinge. In finishing, the -sponge rubber parts are covered with buckskin or kid. -The entire arrangement is so simple there is very -slight probability that any repairs will be required -that the wearer cannot make himself, and the ease -and little expense with which the parts can be -renewed commend it to all who require a strong, -serviceable leg. It seems to be a favorite among -miners and others following rough, heavy work -who have given it a trial.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_34">[34]</span></p> - -<p>Under contract with the patentee we have the -exclusive right to manufacture this foot in the -United States and Canada. We have made a good -many of them, and have yet to hear the first complaint -from any of the wearers. Wood or leather -lacing sockets may be used with this foot. Price -of leg with the Haberl foot, for any amputation -above the ankle, $75, with five-year warranty.</p> - -<div class="smaller"> - -<p><span class="smcap">Note.</span>—This foot is patented in the United States, Great -Britain, Canada, Germany, France and Spain.</p> - -</div> - -<h3><i>Attachment for use in place of Thigh Lacer and Knee-joint</i></h3> - -<p>In most cases of amputation below the knee, -if stump is sound and of good length, it is possible -to comfortably use a leg without the steel knee-joint -and thigh support. Many express a desire to -try a leg of this description, but hesitate to have a -leg so constructed, fearing the result of continually -taking the entire weight or bearing on the stump, -with no provision for relieving it. For such as -would like to try, at their convenience and pleasure, -a leg without the thigh support, we make -attachment No. 211. The thigh lacer and upper -joints can be removed by taking the knee-joint -bolts out and this attachment substituted. At such -times and in such work, when the thigh support -would be more desirable, it can be readily replaced. -This attachment is included with the $100 <span class="smcap">Walkeasy</span> -leg without extra charge; with any other -style of leg, price $5.</p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 350px;"> -<img src="images/figure211-213.jpg" width="350" height="575" alt="211 212 213" /> -</div> - -<h3><i>Neverchafe Spring Socket</i></h3> - -<p>This is a leather socket moulded over a cast -of the stump, and suspended to the inner side of a -wooden socket or shell with adjustable rubber -webbing in such a manner as to avoid all friction -or chafing of the stump and to give a comfortable, -helpful spring at each step of the wearer, the sensation -being much the same as though the weight<span class="pagenum" id="Page_35">[35]</span> -were on an air cushion, with no pressure on the -end of the stump whatever. No. 212 for amputation -below the knee; No. 213 for amputation -above the knee.</p> - -<p>This socket is particularly suitable for short -stumps. The inner socket, being made of stiff -leather, practically lengthens the stump, giving -increased leverage, a condition greatly to be desired -in such cases. It is also a very great relief to -tender and sensitive stumps; the slipping and rubbing -occasioned more or less in walking on an artificial -leg, takes place with this attachment between -the inner spring socket and the outer wood socket; -the pressure of the springs keeping the inner socket -snugly against the stump in all positions, precludes -the possibility of any friction on the stump.</p> - -<p>For stumps that become swollen in hot -weather, or that require extra covering in cool -weather, or for such as have never used an artificial -leg, with the consequent probability of the stump -rapidly reducing, this inner socket may be made -adjustable by lacing.</p> - -<p>While this is undoubtedly the most suitable -and comfortable socket for very short and sensitive -stumps, some prefer the highly polished wooden -socket, and others the adjustable leather lacing -socket. All purchasers of the <span class="smcap">Walkeasy</span> leg have -their choice of socket; the selection should be -influenced by the length and condition of the -stump, the weight and occupation of the wearer, -and other considerations. In all cases we guarantee -a comfortable socket and one that will not -chafe.</p> - -<h3><i>New Adjustable Leather Lacing Socket</i></h3> - -<p>This new socket is for amputation below the -knee. The adjustment is made at the back of the -socket instead of at the front, as in the lacing<span class="pagenum" id="Page_36">[36]</span> -sockets heretofore made. The improvement is so -marked that the wonder is we did not make the -change earlier. Much of the weight on the stump -is taken just where the socket was previously made -to open, and it was necessary to reinforce the lacing -with a strap. When laced in the back of socket -the front is stronger, more comfortable, and dresses -more smoothly; furthermore, there is more shrinkage -of a stump in the calf than in front; and in -being able to make the adjustment in the back part -of the socket, it is kept nearer the shape that will -conform to the shape of the stump than when laced -in front. This socket is illustrated in the various -engravings representing legs for below the knee -amputation. See frontispiece, No. 204, No. 227 -and No. 228.</p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 225px;"> -<img src="images/footer2.jpg" width="225" height="150" alt="" /> -</div> - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter"> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_37">[37]</span></p> - -<h2 class="nobreak" id="Part_II"><span class="smcap">Part II</span></h2> - -</div> - -<p>In this part we give descriptions and illustrations -of ordinary styles of legs, such as we have -made here—with various modifications and improvements, -as suggested by time, wear and experience—for -forty-five years. Excepting the <span class="smcap">Walkeasy</span> -leg, described in Part I, there are no better -nor more reliable artificial limbs made anywhere by -anyone, <i>and the prices are much below</i> those charged -by other manufacturers.</p> - -<p>The various styles are:</p> - -<div class="blockquote"> - -<p>Wooden foot with ball-and-socket ankle joint -and wooden socket.</p> - -<p>Wooden foot with ball-and-socket ankle joint -and leather lacing socket.</p> - -<p>Wooden foot with hinge ankle joint (army -and navy or two-ball) and wooden socket.</p> - -<p>Wooden foot with hinge ankle joint (army -and navy or two-ball) and adjustable leather lacing -socket.</p> - -<p>Foot with sponge-rubber or felt removable -sole and rigid ankle and wooden socket.</p> - -<p>Foot with rigid ankle and adjustable leather -lacing socket.</p> - -</div> - -<p>The cords and springs used in the legs with -articulated ankle joints are the same as are used in -the <span class="smcap">Walkeasy</span> leg. The springs are rubber used -by compression, imparting easy, uniform motion, -their power and action being regulated by simply -turning a nut, so that the wearer may adjust them -to suit his own peculiar gait.</p> - -<p>In walking, when the weight of the body -rests on the ball of the foot, the spring in the back -part of the leg (heel spring) is firmly compressed, -and when the weight of the body is thrown forward<span class="pagenum" id="Page_38">[38]</span> -on to the other foot the spring rises and carries the -foot forward to its place with very little effort of -the wearer, assisting greatly in carrying the weight -of the leg.</p> - -<p>The prices for legs described in this part, for -amputation at any point above the ankle, are, -including suspenders, stump socks, etc., complete:</p> - -<div class="blockquote"> - -<p>$50, warranted for one year.</p> - -<p>$60, warranted for three years.</p> - -<p>$70, warranted for five years.</p> - -</div> - -<p>A copy of the warranty is given on <a href="#Page_18">page 18</a>.</p> - -<p>Just as good a leg in every way is made for -$50 as is made for $70, the difference in price -being determined wholly by the time the warranty -is made to cover.</p> - -<p>If undetermined as to which leg would be -best adapted to any particular case, and it is left to -our judgment to select, upon receipt of measurements -and full particulars we will construct the -one we honestly and conscientiously believe will -give the most lasting and comfortable service. We -are equally interested with the purchaser in doing -this, as the continued good name of our establishment, -as well as our future prosperity, depend -wholly upon the durability of our work and the -comfort with which it is worn.</p> - -<h3><i>Ball-and-Socket Ankle Joint</i></h3> - -<p>This joint is formed by a polished glass ball -plying in a socket of vulcanite, the foot and ankle -being joined together with four tendons, passing -through rubber springs in the ankle; this joint -admits of every motion the natural ankle has. In -walking on the side of a hill or inclined plane, or -where the foot is used to brace the body, the ankle -flexes laterally and the foot remains flat on the -ground, thus giving a firm base of support. The<span class="pagenum" id="Page_39">[39]</span> -motion closely imitates the movement of the natural -ankle, and this joint is desirable for light work -and short, tender stumps. Notwithstanding it is -more complicated than any of our other styles, -requiring more care and attention, there are hundreds -of people using it with such comfort and -satisfaction that under no circumstances whatever -could they be induced to use any other. No. 216, -on <a href="#Page_40">page 40</a>.</p> - -<h3><i>Double Ball-and-Socket Ankle Joint</i></h3> - -<p>This joint is a unique invention, and the -idea of its construction was suggested by the single -ball-and-socket joint. It consists of two polished -glass balls plying in sockets of fibre. There is no -substance that could be used for this purpose that -presents a harder, smoother surface than glass, and -when in the shape of solid polished spheres, plying -in perfectly fitted sockets, they are practically indestructible; -there is no such thing as wearing -them out. A linked steel rod and a back and -front tendon securely connect the foot and ankle. -The tendons, also the rubber springs, are the same -as used in all of our legs, and are applied in the -same manner. This is a somewhat lighter joint -than the army and navy joint and is recommended -for persons of light or medium weight. No. 217, -on <a href="#Page_40">page 40</a>.</p> - -<h3><i>Army and Navy Ankle Joint</i></h3> - -<p>The axis of this joint consists of a hollow -steel bolt securely fastened in the foot with two -vertical rods with nuts at the lower ends. The -bolt is stationary in the foot, the ankle working on -the upper surface of the bolt, leaving no possible -chance for an accumulation of any grit or dirt, -thus making a self-cleaning joint. The steel rod, -together with the front and back cords, connects -the foot and the ankle. Provision is made for<span class="pagenum" id="Page_40">[40]</span> -tightening the ankle rod with a nut on the upper -end, so as to regulate the friction on the bolt and -to compensate for any wear that may take place -at the joint. This is recommended as being the -strongest and most serviceable of the wooden feet. -No. 218.</p> - -<h3><i>A New Foot with Rigid Ankle</i></h3> - -<p>This is not properly a rubber foot, but a -modification of the so-called rubber foot suggested -by improvements on our <span class="smcap">Walkeasy</span> foot. In -the construction of the old-style rubber foot a -wooden core is covered with rubber and properly -cured or vulcanized by heat. It is impossible to -strengthen or reinforce this wooden core with a -covering of rawhide as is done on the other parts -of an artificial leg, because the heat necessary in -vulcanizing the rubber burns and ruins the rawhide. -This is obviated by the method of construction -of this new foot.</p> - -<p>The upper part of the foot is firmly attached -to the ankle part by a pin, and the entire wood -part is covered with rawhide. Thus the upper -part of the foot forms practically one piece with -the ankle, and strength is gained without adding -weight. The sponge-rubber removable sole is -fitted into a recess channeled in the foot and is -securely held in place by one screw. No rubber -is used at the top of the foot, but more is used on -the sole where it is most needed.</p> - -<p>If a foot needs be made extremely light a fine -quality of felt is used in place of the rubber. The -felt does not give as much spring and elasticity to -the tread of the foot as the sponge rubber, and -nothing is gained by using it except reduction in -weight.</p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 350px;"> -<img src="images/figure216-218and267.jpg" width="350" height="400" alt="216 217 218 267" /> -</div> - -<p>To prevent wear at the part corresponding -with the toe joint of the natural foot, layers of<span class="pagenum" id="Page_41">[41]</span> -canvas are cemented on the upper surface of the -rubber sole where it comes in contact with the -extreme forward part of the wooden portion. -Should the rubber sole give way or wear out, the -worn part, or indeed the entire sole, may be renewed -at small expense without the necessity of -replacing the entire foot as in the old style of -rubber foot.</p> - -<p>Altogether this is a lighter, stronger and more -serviceable foot, more easily and inexpensively -kept in order. A sectional view of this foot is -shown in No. 267.</p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 250px;"> -<img src="images/footer3.jpg" width="250" height="150" alt="" /> -</div> - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_42">[42]</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;"> - -<img src="images/figure220-223.jpg" width="350" height="700" alt="220 221 222 223" /> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_43">[43]</span></p> - -<p class="num"><span class="smcap">Number 220</span></p> - -<p>Full length leg for thigh amputation, with wooden -foot, ankle joint No. 216, 217 or 218, and adjustable -leather lacing socket. Price, complete, $50, -warranted for one year; $60, three years; $70, five -years.</p> - -<p class="num"><span class="smcap">Number 221</span></p> - -<p>Full length leg for thigh amputation, with wooden -foot, ankle joint No. 216, 217 or 218, and wooden -socket. Price, complete, $50, warranted for one -year; $60, three years; $70, five years.</p> - -<p class="num"><span class="smcap">Number 222</span></p> - -<p>Full length leg for thigh amputation, with new foot, -with rigid ankle No. 267, and adjustable leather -lacing socket. Price, complete, $50, warranted for -one year; $60, three years; $70, five years.</p> - -<p class="num"><span class="smcap">Number 223</span></p> - -<p>Full length leg for thigh amputation, with new foot, -with rigid ankle No. 267, and wooden socket. -Price, complete, $50, warranted for one year; $60, -three years; $70, five years.</p> - -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_44">[44]</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;"> - -<img src="images/figure224-227.jpg" width="350" height="700" alt="224 225 226 227" /> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_45">[45]</span></p> - -<p class="num"><span class="smcap">Number 224</span></p> - -<p>Knee-bearing leg for amputation below the knee when -the knee joint is stiff and inflexible, or when stump -is too short for the successful use of a socket leg; new -foot with rigid ankle No. 267, and leather socket. -Price, complete, $50, warranted for one year; $60, -three years; $70, five years.</p> - -<p>The sockets on Nos. 224 and 225 may be -transposed, using the leather socket on No. 225 or -the wooden socket on No. 224.</p> - -<p class="num"><span class="smcap">Number 225</span></p> - -<p>Knee-bearing leg for amputation below the knee when -the knee joint is stiff and inflexible, or when stump -is too short for the successful use of a socket leg; -wooden foot, ankle joint No. 216, 217 or 218, -and wooden socket. Price, complete, $50, warranted -one year; $60, three years; $70, five years.</p> - -<p>Leg for knee-joint amputation is made similar to -the knee-bearing legs and prices are the same. The -upper part of leg for this kind of amputation is made -same as shown by No. 203 on <a href="#Page_26">page 26</a>.</p> - -<p class="num"><span class="smcap">Number 226</span></p> - -<p>Leg for amputation below the knee, wooden foot, -ankle joint No. 216, 217 or 218, and wooden -socket. Price, complete, $50, warranted for one -year; $60, three years; $70, five years.</p> - -<p class="num"><span class="smcap">Number 227</span></p> - -<p>Leg for amputation below the knee, wooden foot, -ankle joint No. 216, 217 or 218, and adjustable -leather lacing socket. Price, complete, $50, warranted -for one year; $60, three years; $70, five -years.</p> - -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_46">[46]</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;"> - -<img src="images/figure228-231.jpg" width="350" height="700" alt="228 229 230 231" /> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_47">[47]</span></p> - -<p class="num"><span class="smcap">Number 228</span></p> - -<p>Leg for amputation below the knee, with new foot, -with rigid ankle No. 267, and adjustable leather -lacing socket. Price, complete, $50, warranted for -one year; $60, three years; $70, five years.</p> - -<p class="num"><span class="smcap">Number 229</span></p> - -<p>Leg for amputation below the knee, with new foot, -with rigid ankle No. 267, and wooden socket. -Price, complete, $50, warranted for one year; $60, -three years; $70, five years.</p> - -<p class="num"><span class="smcap">Number 230</span></p> - -<p>Leg for amputation below the knee, without knee -joints or thigh support. This style of leg is hardly -suitable for stumps less than six inches in length. -With a sound stump of sufficient length it may be -worn with much satisfaction, as it is about one-third -lighter than one with the knee joints and thigh band, -and the wearer experiences much less restraint in its -use, both in walking and sitting. It is, however, -not recommended if the stump is sore or sensitive, -as the entire pressure or bearing must be taken on -the stump, with no provision for relieving it as with -the leg with thigh band. No. 230 shows the -leg with new foot, with rigid ankle No. 267, and -adjustable leather lacing socket. A wooden socket -with the same foot will be used if desired. Price, -complete, $45, warranted for one year; $55, three -years; $65, five years. If this leg is purchased, -and it subsequently proves unsatisfactory, knee joints -and thigh bands will be put on for $10.</p> - -<p class="num"><span class="smcap">Number 231</span></p> - -<p>Leg for amputation below the knee, without knee -joints or thigh support, wooden foot, ankle joint -No. 216, 217 or 218, and wooden socket, or -adjustable leather lacing socket if desired. Price, -complete, $45, warranted for one year; $55, three -years; $65, five years. Any time after leg is finished -joints and thigh band will be put on for $10.</p> - -</div> - -<h3><i>Amputations at or below the Ankle Joint</i></h3> - -<p>Amputations at or below the ankle joint are -usually performed with the expectation that much -of the weight of the body can be borne on the end -of the stump or plantar surface of the remaining -part of the foot, and in most cases this can be done. -Owing to the little space below the end of the stump, -it is desirable, with few exceptions, to construct feet -for these amputations without articulated ankle -joints.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_48">[48]</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;"> - -<img src="images/figure232-237and270.jpg" width="350" height="700" alt="232 233 234 235 236 237 270" /> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_49">[49]</span></p> - -<p class="num"><span class="smcap">Number 232</span></p> - -<p>Leg for ankle-joint (Symes) operation, with new foot with rigid -ankle No. 267, without knee joints or thigh support. Price, -complete, $40, warranted for one year; $50, three years; $60, -five years.</p> - -<p class="num"><span class="smcap">Number 233</span></p> - -<p>Leg for ankle-joint (Symes) amputation, with new foot with -rigid ankle No. 267, with knee joints and thigh support, used -when little or no pressure or weight can be taken on the end of -the stump. Price, complete, $50, warranted for one year; $60, -three years; $70, five years.</p> - -<p class="num"><span class="smcap">Number 234</span></p> - -<p>Stump after amputation through or near the instep.</p> - -<p class="num"><span class="smcap">Number 235</span></p> - -<p>Appliance for partial amputation of foot. The foot is made of -wood, covered with rawhide, and has an articulated toe joint; -leather sheath coming up above the ankle, laced in front. Price, -$25.</p> - -<p class="num"><span class="smcap">Number 236</span></p> - -<p>Appliance for amputation through the instep similar to No. 235, -with sheath extending well up on the leg, and laced in the back. -Price, $30.</p> - -<p class="num"><span class="smcap">Number 237</span></p> - -<p>Appliance for partial amputation of foot. Wooden foot, toe joint, -leather sheath extending to the knee, with side joints. This is -used when little or no weight can be taken on the end of stump, -the weight being supported by the leather sheath on the leg below -the knee. Price, $40.</p> - -<p class="num"><span class="smcap">Number 270</span></p> - -<p>An entirely new style of foot for amputation at the ankle joint. -The leather sheath encases the stump from the knee to the end. -The articulated joint is made by putting the bolt or cylinder entirely -through the foot, giving a good wearing surface similar to the artificial -knee joint used for amputations above the knee. If there -is little room below end of stump the foot would be made of hard -wood.</p> - -</div> - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<h3><i>Peg Legs</i></h3> - -<p>These low-priced legs are carefully fitted, and, -excepting No. 242, are covered with rawhide and -enameled the same as the legs with feet. They -have heavy iron ferrules screwed to the bottom, in -which a rubber cushion is used. If desired at some -future time, a foot and ankle may be attached. -Measurements, mould, profiles, etc., same as for -leg with foot, excepting that no foot measurements -are required, and length of sound leg should be taken -with shoe on.</p> - -<p>The prices include suspenders and stump stock.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_50">[50]</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;"> - -<img src="images/figure238-242.jpg" width="350" height="700" alt="238 239 240 241 242" /> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_51">[51]</span></p> - -<p class="num"><span class="smcap">Number 238</span></p> - -<p>Peg leg without knee joint, for amputation above the -knee; wooden socket; adjustable leather lacing socket -used if preferred. Price, including suspenders, $18.</p> - -<p class="num"><span class="smcap">Number 239</span></p> - -<p>Peg leg with knee joint, for amputation above the -knee; shown with wooden socket; adjustable leather -lacing socket used if preferred; automatic lock, making -knee stiff in standing; pressing the button in the -back part of joint releases the knee lock so that joint -may be flexed in sitting. Price, including suspenders, -$25.</p> - -<p class="num"><span class="smcap">Number 240</span></p> - -<p>Peg leg with wooden socket, for amputation below -the knee. Price, including suspenders, if desired, -$25.</p> - -<p class="num"><span class="smcap">Number 241</span></p> - -<p>Peg leg with adjustable leather lacing socket, for -amputation below the knee. Price, including suspenders, -if desired, $25.</p> - -<p class="num"><span class="smcap">Number 242</span></p> - -<p>Skeleton peg leg for amputation below the knee, to -be used with knee resting on pad. The measurements -required: distance from knee to floor, diameter -through the knee from side to side outside clothing. -State whether for right or left leg. Price $8.</p> - -</div> - -<h3><i>Suspenders</i></h3> - -<p>All artificial legs for thigh amputations require support -from shoulders or waist. For amputations at or -below the knee, except ankle joint and partial foot amputations, -it is desirable to have suspenders attached for -beginners. Many, however, discard them after a time. -All legs that we make requiring suspenders are equipped -with them, any form desired, without extra charge. We -are not confined to the styles illustrated; they will be -modified to suit the purchaser or any peculiarities of the case.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_52">[52]</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;"> - -<img src="images/figure252-257.jpg" width="350" height="700" alt="252 253 254 255 256 257" /> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_53">[53]</span></p> - -<p class="num"><span class="smcap">Number 252</span></p> - -<p>Suspender for leg amputation with forked straps to be attached -to artificial leg below the knee; heavy elastic web between the -buckle and fork; this is a popular style. Price, $1.50.</p> - -<p class="num"><span class="smcap">Number 253</span></p> - -<p>A waist belt for women to which elastic straps are attached in -back and front, or the forked strap in front only. This is for -amputation below the knee. It is, however, often used in connection -with suspenders, which pass over the shoulders, on legs -for thigh amputation. Price, complete for leg amputation, $2.</p> - -<p class="num"><span class="smcap">Number 254</span></p> - -<p>For women. Corset with roller suspenders attached to waist -belt, used when amputation is above the knee. This is a much -more convenient and comfortable support for women than any -kind of suspender straps. The belt or straps can be made to -attach to any corset. Price, including corset, $5.</p> - -<p class="num"><span class="smcap">Number 255</span></p> - -<p>Roller suspenders for leg for thigh amputation. Crossed or -looped behind and looped in front if desired. Price, $4.</p> - -<p class="num"><span class="smcap">Number 256</span></p> - -<p>The roller or pulley used on the roller suspenders. The action -of the straps under these rollers prevents drawing over the -shoulders, in stooping, sitting or lying down, the suspenders -remaining stationary on the shoulders. Price, 25 cents each.</p> - -<p class="num"><span class="smcap">Number 257</span></p> - -<p>Suspenders, partial elastic, of the ordinary pattern, for thigh -amputation; riveted so as to swivel on a leather strap laced -around the upper part of the socket. Price, $3.</p> - -</div> - -<p>The back part of the sockets of all legs for thigh amputations -is padded. This prevents the wear and cutting -of the clothing when sitting on a hard seat of any kind. -Without the padding, destruction of the clothing can -hardly be avoided.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_54">[54]</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 350px;"> - -<img src="images/figure258-259.jpg" width="350" height="350" alt="258 259" /> - -<p class="num"><i>Fitting Tool</i></p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Number 258.</span> There are changes in stumps from -time to time requiring slight smoothing or easing out -in the socket. A wooden socket can most conveniently -and effectually be cut out with one of these -fitting tools, such as are used by artificial limb makers. -Price, $1.50.</p> - -<p class="num"><i>Stump Socks</i></p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Number 259.</span> Socks made from soft woolen yarn -are the most convenient and comfortable covering -that can be worn on a stump, with or without an -artificial leg. With a properly fitted socket, either -wood or leather, it is as much padding as is required. -To compensate for shrinkage of the stump, two or -three extra socks may be added from time to time -as required. It is desirable, however, if the stump -has become so much reduced that more covering than -this is needed, to have the socket lined with leather -or felt, and if it should still further reduce, a new -socket or top is the best remedy.</p> - -</div> - -<h3>PRICE LIST</h3> - -<p class="center smaller">Delivered by mail or express on receipt of price.</p> - -<table summary="Price list" class="borders"> - <tr> - <th>Length of Sock</th> - <th colspan="2">Circumference at<br />largest part of<br />Stump</th> - <th>Price<br />Each</th> - <th class="nobr">Price<br />per<br />Dozen</th> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>10 inches or less</td> - <td class="nobr">Under</td> - <td>15 inches</td> - <td class="tdr">$0.35</td> - <td class="tdr nobr">$3.50</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>10 to 16 inches</td> - <td class="nobr">Under</td> - <td>15 inches</td> - <td class="tdr">.45</td> - <td class="tdr nobr">4.50</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>10 to 16 inches</td> - <td class="nobr">Over</td> - <td>15 inches</td> - <td class="tdr">.55</td> - <td class="tdr nobr">5.50</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>16 to 22 inches</td> - <td class="nobr">Under</td> - <td>15 inches</td> - <td class="tdr">.55</td> - <td class="tdr nobr">5.50</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>16 to 22 inches</td> - <td class="nobr">Over</td> - <td>15 inches</td> - <td class="tdr">.65</td> - <td class="tdr nobr">6.50</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>22 to 28 inches</td> - <td class="nobr">Under</td> - <td>15 inches</td> - <td class="tdr">.65</td> - <td class="tdr nobr">6.50</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>22 to 28 inches</td> - <td class="nobr">Over</td> - <td>15 inches</td> - <td class="tdr">.75</td> - <td class="tdr nobr">7.50</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>28 to 34 inches</td> - <td class="nobr">Under</td> - <td>15 inches</td> - <td class="tdr">.75</td> - <td class="tdr nobr">7.50</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="last-row">28 to 34 inches</td> - <td class="nobr last-row">Over</td> - <td class="last-row">15 inches</td> - <td class="tdr last-row">.85</td> - <td class="tdr nobr last-row">8.50</td> - </tr> -</table> - -<p>One-fourth or one-half dozen at dozen rates.</p> - -<p>Length of sock should be two or three inches longer -than the remaining part of the mutilated leg.</p> - -<p>State whether amputation is above, below, or at the -knee; give length and circumference at top and two -inches from the end of stump.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_55">[55]</span></p> - -<h3><i>Artificial Legs for Deformities</i></h3> - -<p>We make limbs for all manner of deformities, -each one specially designed and constructed to -conform to the individual peculiarities. With a -fair degree of strength in the deficient limb, comfortable -support and probability of easy locomotion -are assured the wearers of these appliances. Rubber -or wooden foot can be used. Prices vary from -$50 to $100, according to the difficulties to be -overcome in proper construction and comfortable -fitting. After receiving full description, exact price -will be given. A plaster mould or cast of the -deformed limb should be forwarded, together with -measurements of sound limb, same as in case of an -amputation.</p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 350px;"> - -<img src="images/figure243-244.jpg" width="350" height="625" alt="243 244" /> - -<p class="num"><span class="smcap">Number 243</span></p> - -<p>This cut represents one of the more difficult of the -many legs we are called upon to make for malformations. -This particular limb was made from measurements -and cast of deformed leg (No. 244) without -the presence of the applicant at the factory. After -one or two trials in the rough it was finished and is -being used with the utmost satisfaction.</p> - -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_56">[56]</span></p> - -<h3><i>Price List of Supplies</i></h3> - -<table class="prices" summary="Price list"> - <tr> - <td>Elastic Web, 5 inches wide, per yard</td> - <td class="tdr">$1.00</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Elastic Web, heavy, 2 inches wide, per yard</td> - <td class="tdr">.60</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Elastic Web, heavy, 1½ inches wide, per yard</td> - <td class="tdr">.50</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Elastic Web, heavy, 1 inch wide, per yard</td> - <td class="tdr">.40</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Elastic Web, heavy, ¾ inch wide, per yard</td> - <td class="tdr">.30</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Non-elastic Web, cotton, 2 inches wide, per yard</td> - <td class="tdr">.20</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Non-elastic Web, cotton, 1½ inches wide, per yard</td> - <td class="tdr">.15</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Non-elastic Web, worsted, tubular, 2 inches wide, per yard</td> - <td class="tdr">.30</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Buckle, brass, 2 inches wide, each</td> - <td class="tdr">.05</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Buckle Roller, single prong, ⅞, ¾ or ⅝ inch wide, each</td> - <td class="tdr">.05</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Buckle Snaps</td> - <td class="tdr">.05</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Felt, best fine wool, per ounce</td> - <td class="tdr"> .25</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Knee Spring, made from 5-inch web, complete, each</td> - <td class="tdr">1.00</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Knee Spring Rod, C, cut No. 260, each</td> - <td class="tdr">1.25</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Knee Bolt, for amputation above knee, complete, each</td> - <td class="tdr">1.50</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Knee Bolt End Screw, each</td> - <td class="tdr">.25</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Knee Cord, with adjustable attachment, each</td> - <td class="tdr">1.00</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Knee Cord, without adjustable attachment, each</td> - <td class="tdr">.50</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Knee Joint Bolts and Screws, each</td> - <td class="tdr">.25</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Bushings for same, each</td> - <td class="tdr">.05</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Lacing Strings, rawhide or buckskin, each</td> - <td class="tdr">.10</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Lacing Hooks, each 3 cents, per dozen</td> - <td class="tdr">.25</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Lacing Eyelets, ¼ or ⁵⁄₁₆ inch, per dozen</td> - <td class="tdr">.10</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Ankle Cords, with adjustable top, complete with spring; - heel, each</td> - <td class="tdr">1.00</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Ankle Cords, with adjustable top, complete with spring; - front or side, each</td> - <td class="tdr">.75</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Ankle-Cord Loops, without top or spring, each</td> - <td class="tdr">.50</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Ankle-Cord Springs, heel or front, each</td> - <td class="tdr">.20</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Ankle-Cord Wrench, each</td> - <td class="tdr">.25</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Ankle Bolt, steel, each</td> - <td class="tdr">1.25</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Ball Socket for ball-and-socket ankle, each</td> - <td class="tdr">.50</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Rotary Stopper for ball-and-socket ankle, each</td> - <td class="tdr">.50</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Toe Cord or Rod with Bracket, each</td> - <td class="tdr">.25</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Toe-Spring Rubber, each</td> - <td class="tdr">.15</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Toe Fasteners, each</td> - <td class="tdr">.10</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Rubber Cushion for bottom of peg leg, 2 inches diameter, each</td> - <td class="tdr">.50</td> - </tr> -</table> - -<p class="center smaller">Sent post-paid on receipt of price.</p> - -<p class="smaller">In ordering cords, if with the screw tops, give length from inside -of loop at one end to the other extreme end; if without the screw -attachment, give length from inside of loop at one extreme end to -inside of loop at the other extreme end.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_57">[57]</span></p> - -<h3><i>Price List for Repairs</i></h3> - -<table class="prices" summary="Price list"> - <tr> - <td>Neverchafe Socket, for amputation above or below the knee. Inner leather, $5.00; outer wooden shell, $15.00; both</td> - <td class="tdr">$20.00</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Wooden Socket, for amputation above or below the knee</td> - <td class="tdr">15.00</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Leather Lacing Socket, for amputation above or below the knee</td> - <td class="tdr">15.00</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>New Knee, complete, for thigh amputation leg</td> - <td class="tdr">15.00</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>New Knee, upper part only</td> - <td class="tdr">8.00</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>New Knee, lower part only</td> - <td class="tdr">7.00</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>New Walkeasy Ankle</td> - <td class="tdr">15.00</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>New Walkeasy Foot, sponge-rubber sole</td> - <td class="tdr">15.00</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>New Walkeasy Foot and Ankle</td> - <td class="tdr">25.00</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>New Wooden Foot</td> - <td class="tdr">10.00</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>New Rubber Foot with rigid ankle</td> - <td class="tdr">10.00</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>New Foot and Ankle; wooden foot with ankle joint, or rubber foot with rigid ankle</td> - <td class="tdr">15.00</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>New Knee Joints</td> - <td class="tdr">7.00</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>New Thigh Lacer, for amputation below the knee</td> - <td class="tdr">3.00</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Covering leg with rawhide and enameling, for thigh amputation</td> - <td class="tdr">7.00</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Covering leg with rawhide and enameling, for leg amputation</td> - <td class="tdr">5.00</td> - </tr> -</table> - -<p class="center smaller">For other repairs, difficult of enumeration, a charge of 50 cents -per hour will be made.</p> - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter"> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_58">[58]</span></p> - -<h2 class="nobreak" id="Part_III"><span class="smcap">Part III</span><br /> -<span class="smaller">ARTIFICIAL ARMS</span></h2> - -</div> - -<p>The construction of artificial arms may be said -to have commenced with the sixteenth century. -“The distinguished Chevalier Göetz fought -at the head of the army of Margrave Frederick from -1504 to 1562 with an artificial iron hand. The -fingers of this hand were closed one after the other -by the action of several springs. We are further -informed that this hand, which possessed enormous -weight, enclosed the stump, and was attached to -the armor which covered the body.”</p> - -<p>During the sixteenth century many very defective -artificial arms were made, which, however, -served the purpose for which they were intended, as -they enabled the wearers to engage in battle, guide -their horses, etc. The artificial hand being once -attached to the weapon or bridle rein, mechanism -for articulating the fingers was not deemed necessary.</p> - -<p>Ambrose Parè, a noted French physician, born -in 1500, and called the father of French surgery, -describes an artificial hand made of iron, with more -perfect mechanism than the one worn by Göetz; -in this hand the thumb is immovable and all the -fingers are opened and closed simultaneously under -the influence of a single spring.</p> - -<p>During Ambrose Parè’s time efforts were -made to restore natural movements of the lost parts -in order to enable the maimed to perform all -ordinary labor. Leather, paper, and other metals -were substituted for iron. Parè leaves a figure of -a leather hand, but without details as to its mechanism; -it is apparently made with immovable fingers -and thumb, but with a sheath inserted between the -thumb and index finger for receiving a pen, etc.<span class="pagenum" id="Page_59">[59]</span> -He further describes an artificial forearm, which -can, by the aid of the sound hand, be brought into -any degree of flexion and maintained there by the -use of a pawl caught into meshes of a cog wheel. -The artificial arms described by Ambrose Parè, -although extremely heavy, seem to have been in -favor until the latter part of the eighteenth century; -at this time a monk of the order of Carmelites -designed a hand made of sheet tin, with movable -fingers and thumb, to be articulated by movement -of the stump, but we are informed that it was too -complicated to be used with any degree of success -except in cases of amputation near the wrist joint. -We have a description of an arm made subsequently -of leather and covered with sheepskin, colored -in such a manner as to represent the appearance -of the human skin, and to make it appear -more natural the nails were made of white horn. -The improvements in the hand were mostly in the -appearance, without any important addition to its -utility or usefulness.</p> - -<p>In 1818 a Dr. Graefe suggested the construction -of an arm susceptible of manipulation by -means of cords attached to a corset surrounding -the shoulders, the arm to be moved without the -aid of the sound hand. This principle of attachment -for the movement of the forearm and fingers -is followed to the present time with various -modifications.</p> - -<p>The early history of artificial arms seems to -refer mainly to their special construction and application -for people of renown who had suffered the -loss of their natural extremities. Until a comparatively -recent period the impracticability, on account -of complicated heavy mechanism, and the great expense -of these appliances, precluded anything like -a general demand for their use. As the inventive<span class="pagenum" id="Page_60">[60]</span> -geniuses of modern times have devised and produced -so many labor and time-saving instruments -and machines, that are, however useful, nevertheless -the cause of much horrible mutilation -of humanity, so also have they in some measure -made compensation to the maimed by the progress -and improvement attained in the utility of the -appliances for the substitution of lost members. -Simplicity of mechanism, the application of extremely -light material in such a manner as to preserve -the necessary strength, are the prominent -features of progress in artificial arm construction, -and in combination with the prevailing moderate -prices, bring them into popular favor with those -who have use for them.</p> - -<p>However light, strong and mechanically perfect -an arm and hand may be made, its success or -failure—provided the stump is sound and of sufficient -length—depends much upon the continued -patience and perseverance of the wearer in getting -accustomed to its use. The preservation of the -form and the general improvement in the appearance -produced by a properly constructed and -comfortably fitted arm, to say nothing of its usefulness -and convenience, should be an incentive -to persistent effort on the part of the wearer to -habituate himself to it, and if this is practiced -for a few weeks there need be no fear of the -ultimate result.</p> - -<h3><i>Sockets for the Stumps</i></h3> - -<p>For amputation below the elbow the neatest -and best fitting socket is made from specially prepared -stiff leather moulded over a cast of the stump, -supported with a framework of steel and lined -with buckskin or kid. The advantages over a -wooden socket are that it is less clumsy, adheres -more closely to the stump, that there is no danger<span class="pagenum" id="Page_61">[61]</span> -of splitting, and withal is equally as durable. We -make them, however, of wood if desired. For -amputation above the elbow the artificial elbow is -made of wood, and it is sometimes desirable to -extend the wood upward in one piece to form -the socket.</p> - -<h3><i>Aluminum</i></h3> - -<p>Much has been anticipated and hoped for in -artificial limb work from this new and extremely -light metal, but it has proved objectionable for any -parts in both arms and legs that come in near contact -with the stumps, owing to the rapid oxidization -that takes place from perspiration, and its practical -use is confined to fingers, toes, and such other minor -fixtures as are not likely to come in contact with -any part of the body.</p> - -<h3><i>Artificial Hands</i></h3> - -<p>Whatever their mechanical perfection, artificial -hands can, in fact, possess but one useful -quality, that of seizing objects like pincers. In -nearly every act performed by the natural fingers -are combined flexion, extension, prehension, and -many other different movements; this combination -no mechanic has ever been able—and probably -none ever will be able—to successfully reproduce -in an artificial hand. It is, therefore, practically -useless that the fingers should be movable, since a -less complicated, lighter and stronger hand can be -made with fingers rigid, in a half-closed, natural -position, articulating the thumb only, which results -in a more powerful spring and consequently a -greater degree of firm grasping power. The fingers -being strengthened with steel plates running through -them, reinforced with a covering of rawhide, and -securely fastened to the hand, heavy objects may be -lifted without danger of the fingers straightening out -and the object dropping to the ground.</p> - -<p>While we furnish the hand with movable<span class="pagenum" id="Page_62">[62]</span> -fingers, and the rubber hand with ductile rubber -fingers, the wooden hand with rigid fingers and -movable thumb is recommended as giving the most -practical, durable, and satisfactory service.</p> - -<h3><i>The Color</i></h3> - -<p>Artificial hands are covered with a delicately -tinted enamel, as nearly a flesh color as it is possible -to make; but in order that they may be less conspicuous -and the illusion more complete a glove -should be worn at all times. We furnish a pair of -gloves with each hand.</p> - -<h3><i>Tools and Implements</i></h3> - -<p>Tools and implements in almost limitless variety -can be used in an arm in place of the hand. Those -most frequently used are the plain hook, double hook, -ring, knife, fork, brush, and spoon. People who -have never worn arms hardly know what will be of -service to them. Special tools are required for -special work, and these can be subsequently provided -when it has been determined what will be most -useful. With all arms with detachable hands, or -rubber hands with the palm socket, we furnish a plain -hook, knife, fork, and brush, without extra charge, -or the price of any of these implements that are -not wanted will be deducted from the price of -the arm.</p> - -<h3><i>Finger Construction</i></h3> - -<p>Usually the fingers for artificial hands are -made of a single piece of wood, and it is obvious if -the finger is curved or flexed that at some point the -grain of the wood will be directly across the finger -and will quickly break if subjected to any considerable -strain. To obviate this difficulty we -make the fingers for the wooden hands of two -pieces of wood; on one side the grain or fibre runs -lengthwise, and on the other crosswise, and between -these two pieces of wood is placed a steel plate, and -all are firmly riveted together, the steel plate projecting<span class="pagenum" id="Page_63">[63]</span> -sufficiently to be securely riveted to the hand. -The fingers are next entirely covered with rawhide, -which, together with the other precautions taken -against breakage, make them sufficiently strong to -support the weight of the wearer. See No. 300, -<a href="#Page_64">page 64</a>.</p> - -<h3><i>Partial Amputation of Hand</i></h3> - -<p>No. 301 (<a href="#Page_64">page 64</a>) represents a stump after -partial amputation of the hand, leaving free use of -thumb, but it is with difficulty that this can be -brought in contact with the remaining stump so as -to be of service. No. 302 represents, for stumps of -this description, a wooden sheath, terminating in -immovable fingers partially closed, the hand being -attached to the wrist and forearm by means of a -leather lacing attachment. The sheath is covered -with rawhide and enameled, and the fingers made as -shown in No. 300. Price $40.</p> - -<p>Should there be amputation at the base of two -or three fingers only, with no impairment in the -movements of the remaining one or two, so that -they can be brought in firm contact with the thumb, -what is left of such a mutilated hand is far more -useful than anything that can possibly be made to -supplement it, but to conceal the loss and give the -hand a more perfect appearance, fingers can be -made and applied as represented by No. 302, over -which a glove should be worn.</p> - -<p>Nos. 303 and 304 (<a href="#Page_64">page 64</a>) show an apparatus -useful in all kinds of labor for persons who -have undergone a partial amputation of the hand. -It consists of a leather sheath, laced to the forearm. -Attached to the under surface of this sheath is a -steel plate, which extends downward under the -stump, turning up slightly at the end. At the end -is an aperture through which it is possible to slip -the handles of tools and implements, passing them -beneath the stump, where they are securely held in -place by pressure of the stump. Price $20.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_64">[64]</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 350px;"> -<img src="images/figure300-317.jpg" width="350" height="700" alt="300 301 302 303 304 305 306 307 308 309 310 311 312 313 314 316 317" /> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_65">[65]</span></p> - -<p>No. 305 represents a stump after an amputation -of all the fingers and thumb, and No. 306 an -artificial wooden hand for same, with stationary -fingers and articulated thumb with a powerful spring -to be opened with the assistance of the sound hand. -Price $40.</p> - -<h3><i>Rubber Hand</i></h3> - -<p>With the assistance of the other hand, or by -pressing against some resisting body, the ductile -rubber fingers of the hand No. 307 may be -changed in position to suit the needs of the wearer -as shown by the dotted lines in the illustration. -For those who prefer the rubber to the wooden -hand it will be furnished with any of the arms we -make. It can be attached permanently to the forearm, -detachable at the wrist, with provision for -using a hook of other implement in place of the -hand, or furnished with a palm socket and lock for -the use of hook, knife, fork, etc., without removing -the hand. See No. 308.</p> - -<h3><i>Connections</i></h3> - -<p>No. 309 represents a new method for connecting -the hand and arm. Heretofore the devices -in use could not be absolutely relied upon to keep -the hand or tools in place. It mattered not how -strongly the fingers were made for lifting heavy -weights, the customary spring or set-screw used for -locking this connection was liable to loosen or -give way without warning and cause much annoyance, -if not injury. On the hand plate two studs -are riveted, the heads of which pass into keyholes -in the arm plate. With a slight turn of the hand -the heads pass into the slots of the keyholes, bringing -the heads of the studs under the arm plate; -they are kept immovable with a spring that automatically -slips into a slot in the edge of the plate; -the spring is released by a pressure of the thumb of -the sound hand in twisting the artificial hand off. -The hook and other tools have a lug at the end of -the spindle or shank; after passing the shank -through the hole in the center of the arm plate, it -is turned to any desired position and held firmly in -place with the wing nut, as shown in No. 310.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_66">[66]</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 350px;"> -<img src="images/figure318-325.jpg" width="350" height="700" alt="318 319 320 321 322 323 324 325" /> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_67">[67]</span></p> - -<h3><i>Some of the Implements</i></h3> - -<p>Some of the implements that may be attached -in the wrist plate when the hand is removed are -also shown in the illustration. All excepting the -brush are made of steel, or other suitable metal.</p> - -<table class="prices" summary="Price list"> - <tr> - <td>No. 310—Single Hook</td> - <td>Price</td> - <td class="tdr">$1.00</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>No. 311—Brush</td> - <td class="tdc">”</td> - <td class="tdr">1.00</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>No. 312—Spoon</td> - <td class="tdc">”</td> - <td class="tdr">1.00</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>No. 313—Table Knife</td> - <td class="tdc">”</td> - <td class="tdr">1.00</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>No. 314—Table Fork</td> - <td class="tdc">”</td> - <td class="tdr">1.00</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>No. 316—Double Hook</td> - <td class="tdc">”</td> - <td class="tdr">3.00</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>No. 317—Ring</td> - <td class="tdc">”</td> - <td class="tdr">2.00</td> - </tr> -</table> - -<p>Special knife, fork, brush, and hook will be -made for use in the palm of rubber hand, No. 308, -without additional charge. Other tools, such as -pincers, claw hook, clevis, etc., will be made to -order when desired.</p> - -<h3><i>Wrist Joint Amputations</i></h3> - -<p>These usually leave a stump somewhat larger at -the end than immediately above (see No. 318, <a href="#Page_64">page -64</a>), thus providing a means of securely applying the -arm and keeping it in place without the necessity of -attachment above the elbow, as shown in No. 319.</p> - -<p>Attachments above the elbow may, however, -be put on if thought best, and for amputation at or a -short distance above the wrist it is preferable to make -the connection at the elbow with leather straps, -as shown in No. 320, rather than with steel joints.</p> - -<p>The socket of any arm for amputation between -wrist and elbow will be made to lace if desired.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_68">[68]</span></p> - -<h4><span class="smcap">Prices, Nos. 319 and 320</span> (<a href="#Page_66">See page 66</a>)</h4> - -<table class="prices" summary="Price list"> - <tr> - <td>With wood or rubber hand, permanently attached to forearm, no - provision for tools, and without attachment above the elbow</td> - <td class="tdr">$30.00</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>The same with attachment above the elbow</td> - <td class="tdr">35.00</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Rubber hand, not detachable at wrist, but with palm socket, - including knife, fork, hook, and brush, without attachment above - the elbow</td> - <td class="tdr">35.00</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>The same with attachment above the elbow</td> - <td class="tdr">40.00</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>With wood or rubber hand, detachable at the wrist, including - knife, fork, hook, and brush, without attachment above the elbow</td> - <td class="tdr">40.00</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>The same with attachment above the elbow</td> - <td class="tdr">45.00</td> - </tr> -</table> - -<p>No. 321 represents arm for amputation below -the elbow, leather socket and leather lacer above -the elbow, both reinforced with steel frame, connected -at elbow with steel joint straps.</p> - -<p>No. 322 is a detachable wooden hand, with -rigid fingers and movable thumb. A traction rod -for opening the thumb with motion of shoulder is -shown in the illustration; a web strap is buttoned -to the upper end of the traction rod and passes over -opposite shoulder, as shown in No. 326, <a href="#Page_70">page 70</a>. -Any motion of the shoulder that will draw on this -rod will open the thumb, and when the tension is -released a strong spring in the thumb brings it back -in contact with the first finger. For single amputations -there is little or no advantage in having this -attachment put on; it necessarily requires more -complicated and expensive mechanism, without any -practical gain to the wearer. For double amputations -something of this kind must be depended -upon for assistance, and to obtain the greatest -benefit from artificial arms, means similar to this -for operating the movement of the thumb are -absolutely required. One or more movable fingers -in conjunction with the thumb may be operated in -the same manner.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_69">[69]</span></p> - -<h4><span class="smcap">Prices, No. 321</span></h4> - -<p class="center smaller">Including Plain Hook, Knife, Fork, and Brush</p> - -<table class="prices" summary="Price list"> - <tr> - <td>Arm without hand, used as a peg arm; a hand may be - subsequently applied</td> - <td class="tdr">$25.00</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Arm with wooden or rubber hand, detachable at wrist</td> - <td class="tdr">50.00</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Arm with wooden hand and traction rod for opening thumb - from shoulder</td> - <td class="tdr">60.00</td> - </tr> -</table> - -<h3><i>Ball-and-Socket Wrist Joint</i></h3> - -<p>No. 323 represents arm with ball-and-socket -wrist joint for amputation below the elbow, but -not suitable for an amputation near the wrist for -the reason that the space in that locality is required -for the mechanism of the joint. In the various -uses to which an artificial hand may be put, a -change in the position of the hand is often desirable; -for example, in keeping a book or paper in position -while being written upon with the sound hand, the -artificial hand can be turned so that the tips of the -fingers will rest upon and hold the article securely -in place. In bringing the arm in front of the -body the ball-and-socket joint admits of the hand -being brought near to the body in a very easy, lifelike -manner. In other positions desired the hand -may be placed at the degree of flexion most convenient -and helpful and that giving the most natural -appearance. No. 332, on <a href="#Page_72">page 72</a>, gives an illustration -of the details of the joint. The forearm -and attachment above the elbow are leather, supported -with steel framework same as No. 321. -Wooden hand with movable thumb is furnished -with or without traction rod for opening thumb -with shoulder movement, but no provision is made -for the use of a hook or other implement in place -of the hand. A rubber hand with palm socket for -implements can be attached if preferred, but is -somewhat heavier. For persons not employed in -laborious occupations and who have no occasion<span class="pagenum" id="Page_70">[70]</span> -to use a hook or similar implement, this style of -arm is desirable; for others we would recommend -No. 321.</p> - -<h4><span class="smcap">Prices, No. 323</span></h4> - -<table class="prices" summary="Price list"> - <tr> - <td>Without traction rod for opening the thumb</td> - <td class="tdr">$50.00</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>With traction rod attachment for opening thumb by - shoulder movement</td> - <td class="tdr">60.00</td> - </tr> -</table> - -<h3><i>For Deformed Arm</i></h3> - -<p>No. 324, <a href="#Page_66">page 66</a>, represents irregularly -formed forearm and hand, the forearm being considerably -shorter than the opposite one. No. 325 -represents artificial arm and hand made to supply -the deficiency. The hand may be wood or rubber -and detachable or not at the wrist, and provision -made for the use of implements the same as in -case of an amputation. These malformations are -treated mechanically the same as amputations. -Plaster moulds or casts of the deformed parts are -required, together with measurements of the opposite -arm and hand.</p> - -<h4><span class="smcap">Prices, No. 325</span></h4> - -<table class="prices" summary="Price list"> - <tr> - <td>With wood or rubber hand</td> - <td class="tdr">$50.00</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>With wooden hand, thumb opened by movement of shoulder</td> - <td class="tdr">60.00</td> - </tr> -</table> - -<h3><i>Manner of Attaching Arm and Straps</i></h3> - -<p>No. 326 illustrates arm for amputation below -the elbow, equipped with shoulder cap, strap passing -around body for holding it in place, and the attachment -for opening the thumb -by movement of the opposite -shoulder. If thumb is to -be opened with the assistance -of the sound hand, this extra -strap and traction rod are -omitted.</p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 350px;"> -<img src="images/figure326.jpg" width="350" height="350" alt="326" /> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_71">[71]</span></p> - -<h3><i>Arm for Amputation above the Elbow</i></h3> - -<p>No. 327 on <a href="#Page_72">the next page</a> represents a wooden -arm for amputation above the elbow, fitted with -cord for raising forearm and locking it at right -angles. This is operated as shown in No. 330, -while the mechanism is the same as shown in -detailed drawing No. 332. Wooden or rubber -hand No. 328 is furnished permanently attached or -detachable, but this arm may be used as a peg, -without hand, hook No. 310 or other implement -being used in place of the hand. It can also be -made as a peg without a joint at elbow, straight or -curved to any desired angle.</p> - -<h4><span class="smcap">Prices, No. 327</span></h4> - -<p class="center smaller">Including Hook, Knife, Fork, and Brush</p> - -<table class="prices" summary="Price list"> - <tr> - <td>Without elbow joint or hand</td> - <td class="tdr">$30.00</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Without hand, but with elbow joint without gearing for - raising forearm</td> - <td class="tdr">35.00</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Without hand, but with elbow joint with gearing for - raising forearm</td> - <td class="tdr">40.00</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>With wooden or rubber hand permanently attached, without - the implements and without gearing for raising forearm</td> - <td class="tdr">50.00</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>With gearing for raising forearm</td> - <td class="tdr">60.00</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>With detachable wooden or rubber hand, including implements, - without gearing for raising forearm</td> - <td class="tdr">60.00</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>With gearing for raising forearm</td> - <td class="tdr">65.00</td> - </tr> -</table> - -<h3><i>Manner of Attaching</i></h3> - -<p>No. 330 represents the corset that is used with -arms for upper amputation. The arm is laced or -buckled to the corset, and draught cord in the back -is for raising the forearm by a shrug of the shoulders.</p> - -<h3><i>Ball-and-Socket Wrist Joint for Amputation above the Elbow</i></h3> - -<p>No. 331 represents wooden arm for amputation -above the elbow, with ball-and-socket wrist -joint. An explanation of the ball-and-socket wrist -for amputation below the elbow is given on <a href="#Page_69">page 69</a> -under No. 323. The joint is universal and admits -of placing the hand in any position, as shown by -dotted lines. This is kept in place by spring friction -on the ball. The wrist cannot be made quite -the natural shape—that we are able to produce -without the ball-and-socket joint; but this must be, -necessarily, round. This part, however, is usually -covered with the cuff or sleeve and is not conspicuous.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_72">[72]</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 350px;"> -<img src="images/figure327-335.jpg" width="350" height="700" alt="327 328 329 330 331 332 333 334 335" /> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_73">[73]</span></p> - -<p>No. 332 is a sectional view of the arm and -hand. A forward impulse of the shoulder and -stump causes traction of the cord, moving the -geared segment wheels so as to raise the forearm to -any degree of flexion, when it is retained in position -by means of a latch passing through a spring post -and locking automatically. The wearer is enabled -to conveniently carry a coat, shawl, basket, etc., -on the artificial arm. A pressure on the button -underneath the arm releases the lock, and the forearm -is again under control of the stump and -shoulders. The spring in the hand is for keeping -the thumb in position and is the same as we put in -all hands with movable thumb.</p> - -<h4><span class="smcap">Price, No. 331</span></h4> - -<table class="prices" summary="Price list"> - <tr> - <td>With wood or rubber hand</td> - <td class="tdr">$70.00</td> - </tr> -</table> - -<h3><i>Combination Table Knife and Fork</i></h3> - -<p>No. 333, <a href="#Page_72">page 72</a>, represents one of these -useful implements, designed and made expressly -for those who have been deprived of the use of one -hand, and no such person can afford to be without -one for a day. The blade is thin steel, ground to -a sharp edge and terminating in a fork. A rolling -motion will cut the food, and a twist of the hand -will bring the fork into position for use. No. 334 -represents a leather sheath into which the knife can -be inserted.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_74">[74]</span></p> - -<h4><span class="smcap">Prices, Nos. 333 and 334</span></h4> - -<table class="prices" summary="Price list"> - <tr> - <td>Redwood handle</td> - <td class="tdr">$0.60</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Ebony handle</td> - <td class="tdr">.75</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Bone handle</td> - <td class="tdr">1.00</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Ivory handle</td> - <td class="tdr">3.00</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Pearl handle</td> - <td class="tdr">4.00</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Sheath, extra</td> - <td class="tdr">.25</td> - </tr> -</table> - -<h3><i>Pocket Knife for One-armed Persons</i></h3> - -<p>No. 335, <a href="#Page_72">page 72</a>, represents a simple, serviceable -knife that can be operated quickly and -conveniently with one hand. A pull of the thumb -opens the blade slot, the blade drops down and out -and is securely locked; invert the knife, with the -blade up, and a pull of the thumb allows it to drop -back into the handle.</p> - -<h4><span class="smcap">Prices, No. 335</span></h4> - -<table class="prices" summary="Price list"> - <tr> - <td>Five and one-half inches long when opened</td> - <td class="tdr">$0.50</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Nine inches long when opened</td> - <td class="tdr">1.00</td> - </tr> -</table> - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter"> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_75">[75]</span></p> - -<h2 class="nobreak" id="Sundries"><span class="smcap">Sundries</span></h2> - -</div> - -<p><span class="smcap">Trusses</span> made to order with guaranteed success; -hard rubber, celluloid, leather, wire and -elastic. All desirable styles are carried in stock. -Mechanical treatment of difficult cases of hernia -a specialty. Truss supplies and repairs. Send for -truss catalogue.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Elastic Stockings</span> for varicose veins and -weak or swollen joints. Send for prices and directions -for measurements.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Abdominal Supporters and Obesity -Belts.</span> Large variety in elastic and non-elastic. -Special supporters, our own pattern, for use after -abdominal operations.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Deformity Appliances</span> for paralyzed and -weak limbs made to order.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Rawhide Jackets</span> for curvature of the spine. -These are light, rigid and porous and a great improvement -over the plaster or leather jackets.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Tricycles for Cripples.</span> Hand and foot -power, with ball bearings and rubber-cushion or -pneumatic tires. We are special agents for these -machines, as we are for invalid chairs. Send for -tricycle catalogue.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Surgical Bandages, Suspensories, Uterine -Supporters, etc.</span></p> - -<h3><i>Crutches and Crutch Supplies</i></h3> - -<p>We sell only the best quality of these goods -and such as can be absolutely relied upon. Sent -on receipt of price, or C.O.D. if order is accompanied -with a deposit of one dollar to cover express -charges if for any reason the crutches are returned -to us. Special crutches will be made to order for -such as desire something different from the regular -line, but advance payment is required. Our crutch -catalogue gives more complete descriptions than the -brief ones given here and will be forwarded to any -who apply for it.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_76">[76]</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;"> - -<img src="images/figure1-6andothers.jpg" width="350" height="700" alt="1 2 4 5 6 17 21 29 32 35 44" /> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_77">[77]</span></p> - -<p class="hanging">No. 1—Spring top, socket and jaw bottom. Prices, per -pair: Rosewood or lancewood, $9.50; extra -heavy, $10; rock maple, $7; extra heavy, $8.</p> - -<p class="hanging">No. 2—Cow-horn top. Rock maple, cherry tops and -hand rests. Prices, per pair: Quality A, plain -ferrule bottom, $2.50; extra heavy, $3. Quality -C, with No. 35 bottom, No. 32 cushion, -$3.75; extra heavy, $4.50.</p> - -<p class="hanging">No. 4—Plain Split. Rock maple, cherry tops and hand -rests, no ferrule at bottom. Price, per pair, -$1.50.</p> - -<p class="hanging">No. 5—Padded top. Rock maple, cherry tops and hand -rests. Prices, per pair: Quality A, plain ferrule -at bottom, $2.50; extra heavy, $3. Quality -B, No. 35 socket, No. 32 cushion, $3.75; -extra heavy, $4.50.</p> - -<p class="hanging">No. 6—Hard top, socket and jaw bottom. Prices, per -pair: Rosewood or lancewood, $9.50; extra -heavy, $10; rock maple, rosewood tops and -hand rests, $7; extra heavy, $8.</p> - -<p class="hanging">No. 21—Socket and jaw bottom. Medium size, $2 per -pair; large size, $2.50 per pair. No. 44 jaws -with flange bottom used without extra charge.</p> - -<p class="hanging">No. 35—Sockets. Two sizes, $1 per pair.</p> - -<p class="hanging">No. 29—Pure gum white rubber cushions. Medium size, -50 cents per pair; large size, 75 cents per pair.</p> - -<p class="hanging">No. 17—Rubber tips to slip on over end of crutches or -cane. Various sizes. Prices, three-eighths to -one inch, 20 cents per pair.</p> - -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_78">[78]</span></p> - -<p>In corresponding, if the following questions -are answered it will give us a very good idea of -your condition and will better enable us to judge -what will be suitable for you in the way of an artificial -limb. Give the number as it appears before -the question and then the answer to the question.</p> - -<div class="blockquote"> - -<p>1. Your name</p> - -<p>2. Post office</p> - -<p>3. County</p> - -<p>4. State</p> - -<p>5. Age</p> - -<p>6. Weight</p> - -<p>7. Height</p> - -<p>8. Occupation</p> - -<p>9. Leg or arm amputated</p> - -<p>10. When amputated</p> - -<p>11. Right or left</p> - -<p>12. Above or below elbow or knee</p> - -<p>13. If above, give length from body</p> - -<p>14. If below, give length from knee pan or elbow joint</p> - -<p>15. What is condition of stump</p> - -<p>16. Can you take any pressure on end of stump</p> - -<p>17. Cause of amputation</p> - -<p>18. Ever use an artificial limb</p> - -<p>19. If so, what style and make, and how long</p> - -<p>20. Was it satisfactory</p> - -<p>21. If not, why</p> - -<p>22. Have you one of our new catalogues</p> - -<p>23. Would it be an inducement for you to give us an order if we sent -a man to take your measurements</p> - -<p>24. If we did so, would you stand a part of the expense</p> - -<p>25. Do you wish to work for a free artificial limb premium? If so, -we will send you particulars</p> - -</div> - -<p>Is there any special information you would -like on the subject of artificial limbs? If so, let us -know what it is, and we will do the best we can to -enlighten you.</p> - -<div class="form">Date</div> - -<p class="titlepage">Chasmar-Winchell New York and Pittsburg</p> - -<div style='display:block; margin-top:4em'>*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE MAKING OF A MAN ***</div> -<div style='text-align:left'> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -Updated editions will replace the previous one—the old editions will -be renamed. -</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United -States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. Special rules, set forth in the General Terms of Use part -of this license, apply to copying and distributing Project -Gutenberg™ electronic works to protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG™ -concept and trademark. 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