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diff --git a/old/65951-0.txt b/old/65951-0.txt deleted file mode 100644 index a21671f..0000000 --- a/old/65951-0.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,2257 +0,0 @@ -The Project Gutenberg eBook of Chambers's Journal of Popular Literature, -Science, and Art, Fifth Series, No. 30, Vol. I, July 26, 1884, by Various - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and -most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms -of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you -will have to check the laws of the country where you are located before -using this eBook. - -Title: Chambers's Journal of Popular Literature, Science, and Art, - Fifth Series, No. 30, Vol. I, July 26, 1884 - -Author: Various - -Release Date: July 29, 2021 [eBook #65951] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: UTF-8 - -Produced by: Susan Skinner, Eric Hutton and the Online Distributed - Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This file was - produced from images generously made available by The Internet - Archive) - -*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CHAMBERS'S JOURNAL OF POPULAR -LITERATURE, SCIENCE, AND ART, FIFTH SERIES, NO. 30, VOL. I, JULY 26, -1884 *** - - - - -[Illustration: - -CHAMBERS’S JOURNAL - -OF - -POPULAR - -LITERATURE, SCIENCE, AND ART - -Fifth Series - -ESTABLISHED BY WILLIAM AND ROBERT CHAMBERS, 1832 - -CONDUCTED BY R. CHAMBERS (SECUNDUS) - -NO. 30.—VOL. I. SATURDAY, JULY 26, 1884. PRICE 1½_d._] - - - - -A SCOTTISH MARINE STATION. - - -The ocean has been watched and studied for ages in innumerable -aspects—it has been looked at from points of view wide asunder as the -poles—it has been sung of by poets, and fished in by fishermen, and -sailed over by sailors for thousands of years; but it is still a region -of mystery and wonder. There are very many things about the sea which -are quite unknown to this day; in fact, the science of marine phenomena -is yet in its early youth, only emerging from its infancy. The study of -the physical, chemical, and biological conditions of the sea has always -been surrounded by a sort of halo of romance, a scientific glamour that -almost led men to believe that such research was like fishing—valuable -results might be looked for in return for little labour, if the proper -opportunity could be found. But the opportunity only occurred at wide -intervals, and then the happy few who were fortunate enough to form the -scientific staff of such expeditions as that of the _Challenger_ were -regarded with unmixed envy by the many who were eager to do similar -work if they could get the chance. - -The wonders discovered by the chief scientific cruises of recent years -have greatly increased the interest of the public in the science of -the sea, and this public interest has quite lately assumed a tangible -form in the foundation of the Scottish Marine Station for Scientific -Research at Granton, near Edinburgh. To understand the importance and -value of this Station, one must know something of the difficulties -presented to any one who wishes to solve some special problem connected -with the life which swarms in the waters around our coasts. He must -rely on the help of fishermen for collecting specimens; and if he -cannot go to the expense of hiring a boat and crew, he requires to -content himself with any selection of their ‘rubbish’ which they may be -pleased to make. Should he wish to examine any locality minutely, he -must purchase a dredge and tow-nets, leads and lines, and bottles and -boxes to contain the specimens which may be obtained. The difficulty -is only half overcome when the work of collecting is over. It is -impossible to convey the creatures alive to any distance; and after -a few attempts to do so, the naturalist either hires a room in the -fishing-village for his work, or gives up the study of marine life -altogether; unless he steer a middle course, and content himself -with a bare enumeration of species and a description of the external -appearance of his specimens. - -The individual who is desirous of making chemical or physical -observations on the wide sea is in a still more evil case. His -apparatus is more costly and more complicated than that of the -biologist; it is less easy to manage in a boat not specially adapted -for the purpose; and the immediate vicinity of a laboratory is of -the first importance. The obstacles, in fact, are so numerous, that -observations of this nature have been almost entirely neglected in -Great Britain. Now and then, it is true, the fire of scientific -enthusiasm burns strong enough in a man to enable him to overcome -all difficulties, and to carry on a brilliant research with complete -success to a satisfactory conclusion. The work of such men is -monumental; but they do not appear many times in a century. The name of -one marine chemist is associated with Edinburgh; it is that of Dr John -Murray, who in the year 1816 made a series of researches on sea-water -collected at Trinity. His work settled a most important point of -theoretical chemistry, and it is referred to as of value to this day. - -That the progress of marine research was hindered by the trouble and -expense of carrying it out—and in honesty it must be said that the -latter was always the more powerful deterrent—has long been apparent; -and for many years attempts, more or less successful, have been made -to remedy this state of affairs. In response to energetic appeals -from various learned Societies, government has repeatedly lent -gunboats for scientific purposes, and the _Porcupine_, _Lightning_, -_Triton_, and other ships have done much good work. The culmination -of government enterprise was reached in 1873, when the _Challenger_ -was fitted out for an entirely scientific cruise, and circumnavigated -the world investigating the phenomena of the ocean everywhere. How -much was accomplished by the three years’ voyage can only be realised -by those who are familiar with the thirteen large volumes which have -been already published describing the collections and observations; -but the general reader may form an idea of the magnitude of the work -done by reflecting that specialists have been engaged in examining and -describing the collections since the return of the ship in 1876, and -that this work is still in progress. - -Since the return of the _Challenger_, a number of short scientific -trips have been made in the vicinity of the British coast by gunboats -and hired vessels; and the results of these have been such as to show -the extreme advisability of something more permanent being set on foot. -The success of the Marine Observatories at Naples and at Marseilles, -and of the small movable laboratory kept up for two summers by the -university of Aberdeen, proved that Marine Stations were practicable -and desirable. It was the consideration of the difficulties in the -way of young men who wished to devote themselves to the examination -of marine phenomena, but who were unable of themselves to meet the -great expense of such work, that led Mr John Murray, Director of the -_Challenger_ Expedition Commission, to start a Marine Station in the -neighbourhood of Edinburgh. A submerged quarry on the shore at Granton, -which quarry has been in communication with the sea for nearly thirty -years, was selected as the site, and a floating laboratory was formally -opened there during the festivities of the Edinburgh University -Tercentenary celebration this spring. - -The Marine Station has now been open for several months, and the -working arrangements have attained a certain degree of completeness. -The accommodation which exists at present includes a floating -laboratory, ‘the Ark,’ where zoological, botanical, and chemical work -is being carried on by the permanent staff and other investigators. -There is also a steam-yacht, the _Medusa_, fitted out with all the -arrangements for trawling, dredging, sounding, and taking the other -necessary observations. She is manned by an efficient crew, and has the -advantage of the services of an engineer who was on the _Challenger_ -during her scientific cruise. The _Medusa_ is a capital seaboat, -though, from her small size, when in rough weather, she sometimes tries -the sea-going capabilities of the workers. The creatures brought up -by the dredge or trawl are kept alive in boxes, the water in which -must be changed at intervals, though, when there is a heavy sea and a -head-wind, as often happens, this service is performed by the waves, -which break over the bows in magnificent spray showers, very beautiful -to watch from the dry security of the after-cabin. On arriving at -the Ark, the animals are transferred to aquaria or glass dishes, in -which a constant current of thoroughly aërated sea-water can be kept -up, and in these they live very happily. The larger specimens are -usually placed in wire cages moored to the Ark, where they enjoy all -the advantages of life except freedom. For short excursions in the -neighbourhood of Granton, there is a good sailing-boat, the _Raven_; -and work in the haven in which the Ark lies can also be carried on -by the little _Dove_, and the two Norwegian skiffs belonging to the -Station, whose names, _Appendicularia_ and _Asymptote_, are mystifying -to the uninitiated. A row round the quarry at low water reveals the -immense richness of the vegetable and animal life which inhabits -its waters. There are growths of sponges of different colour, with -gracefully interlacing branches like a coral grove, where bright-hued -sea-anemones spread their tentacles, and crabs and other crustacea -crawl and swim about at their pleasure. And not only are the commoner -forms of marine life abundant; rarer species may be found frequently. -The beautiful nudibranch mollusc _Eolus_ lives in the quarry; and the -great fifteen-spined-stickleback builds its nest there, and it has -been seen keeping guard over its door while its mate and young remain -comfortably within. - -The work which is being carried on at the Marine Station at present is -divided between four workers. Mr J. T. Cunningham, the naturalist in -charge, is making a research into the development of the Teleostian -fishes, the great group to which most of our food-fishes, such as the -cod, herring, and haddock, belong. Mr J. R. Henderson has commenced to -form a collection of all the animal life of the Firth of Forth; while -Mr John Rattray is proceeding with a similar collection of the algæ or -seaweeds, and is also making a detailed study of the diatoms of the -district, a piece of work which has never previously been attempted. Mr -Hugh Robert Mill has charge of the daily meteorological observations at -the Station, and he is working at the chemical and physical study of -estuary-water, examining the variations in saltness and in temperature -which occur from the fresh water to the open sea, and comparing them at -different seasons. The work at the Station is thus seen to be purely -scientific; and the results which will ultimately be obtained must -be of great practical importance. Any scientific man is welcomed to -work at the Station on special problems, without charge, and several -gentlemen have taken advantage of the privilege. - -It may give a better idea of the working of the various departments if -the actual methods employed be shortly described. - -Zoological specimens are collected in various ways. The ‘trawl’ is a -wide-meshed net tied up at one end. The net’s mouth is attached above -to a stout wooden beam that unites two iron runners; the lower side -is a strong cable, the ground-rope, which rubs along the sea-bottom. -The fish, alarmed by the ground-rope, rise up and are caught in the -net, which is carried along so rapidly that escape is impossible. In -using the trawl the vessel must steam quickly, and the ground trawled -over must be free from rocks. It is only employed for the capture of -the larger kinds of fish, such as flounders, haddock, and cod. The -‘dredge’ is the true naturalist’s implement. It is a small-meshed net, -closed at one end, and fixed to a rectangular iron frame at the other. -When drawn along, it scrapes the bottom, and brings up everything -that it encounters, mud and shells, and all living creatures that are -not quick enough to get away. After a run over good ground, when the -dredge is hauled up—an operation that is performed on the _Medusa_ -by a gun-metal wire-rope and a steam winch—and emptied on deck, the -profusion of animal life that lies in a struggling heap before one is -quite bewildering. There are pectens and oysters, alcyonarians (usually -known as ‘dead-men’s-fingers’), sea-anemones of all sizes and colours, -swimming-crabs and spider-crabs and soldier-crabs, whelks and mussels, -zoophytes and algæ, ascidians (commonly called ‘sea-squirts’), sponges, -sea-urchins, star-fishes of every kind from the magnificent sun-star, -‘rose-jacynth to the finger-tips,’ to the common brittle-star and -‘five-fingers;’ and there are other things more than can be numbered. -The dredge and trawl explore the bottom, but are useless for collecting -specimens from the surface or intermediate depths; and ‘tow-nets’—bags -of muslin or canvas sewn on hoops and drawn after the vessel—are -employed for this purpose. The creatures caught in the tow-net are -usually small; when the contents of the net are placed in a bottle, the -water seems full of bright spots darting about in all directions; but -under the microscope the specks discover themselves to be beautifully -formed crustaceans shining in glassy armour. But the tow-net often -catches larger things. An exquisite transparent _medusa_ or jelly-fish, -its umbrella several inches in diameter, rayed with purple, and -carrying a fringe of graceful pendent tentacles, is often brought on -board its namesake; and hosts of smaller species of these beautiful -creatures are always to be found. It is in the tow-net, too, that the -floating ova of fishes, about which there has been so much discussion -recently, are caught. - -The chemical and physical work done at sea is chiefly the collection -of samples of water and the observation of temperature. Water from any -moderate depth is collected by lashing a bottle to the sounding-line -and lowering it to the proper point; the stopper is then pulled out -by a cord and the bottle allowed to fill. The water in the bottle -is not changed in its ascent, as the mouth is narrow and it always -hangs vertically. When the sea is rough or the depth is great, it -is necessary to employ some other means. The ‘slip-water-bottle’ is -convenient for most purposes. It consists of a brass disc covered -with india-rubber, and supporting a central column to which the line -is attached. This is lowered to the required depth, and then a hollow -brass cylinder, open below, but closed above except for a hole that -just allows the line to pass, is allowed to slip down the line. The -base of the cylinder strikes on the rubber-covered disc, and securely -incloses a sample of the water, which is run off by a stop-cock into -a bottle after the whole has been hauled on board. The water must -always be brought to the laboratory in stoppered bottles, which are -entirely filled, and have had the stoppers tied down from the moment of -collecting. - -The temperature of surface-water is usually taken by drawing a -bucketful and placing an ordinary bath-thermometer in it for a few -minutes. The precautions of hanging the thermometer in the centre of -the bucket and placing it in the shade must be observed. Temperature -at greater depths may be observed in several ways. Three methods -have been tried at the Marine Station. The first is by means of a -‘cistern-thermometer,’ used by the late Sir Robert Christison for -ascertaining the temperature of the water in the deep Scottish lochs, -which was presented to the Station by Sir Alexander Christison. It -consists of a thermometer, the bulb of which is in the centre of a -conical copper vessel capable of containing about five pints. When -this is lowered into the sea, the water passes through the instrument; -but on hauling up, the valves on the upper side are closed, and it -is brought on board full of water from the greatest depth it had -reached. Experiment shows that the water has not had time to change -its temperature in the few minutes that elapse between collecting it -and reading the thermometer. A more common instrument, though one not -found so suitable for use in shallow water, is the Miller-Casella -thermometer, the form chiefly employed on the _Challenger_. It is -a self-registering thermometer with a maximum and minimum arm, -which register the highest and lowest temperatures met with in each -immersion. As the temperature of the sea almost invariably decreases -with increase of depth, the lowest temperature is considered to be that -of the lowest point reached. - -The third form of thermometer has been found the most convenient, and, -with some modification, the best for the purposes of the Station. It -is Negretti and Zambra’s deep-sea thermometer, and its principle is -that when the temperature of the water is attained by the thermometer -the instrument is made to turn over; the mercury column always breaks -at the same point, a contraction near the bulb; the part which -had been beyond the bulb remaining in the inverted tube, which is -graduated so as to show the temperature at the moment of inversion. -Its great advantage is that no subsequent change of temperature -affects the instrument until it is set again. Its great defect is that -it is difficult to be sure when it has turned over. The simple and -ingenious inverting mechanism of Magnaghi is hardly trustworthy; but an -improvement has been effected, in consequence of the experience gained -at the Scottish Station, which makes the turning of the thermometer, or -of any number of thermometers on the same line, a matter of certainty. - -The transparency of the water is measured roughly by noting the depth -to which a large white disc continues visible when immersed. In the -course of a trip from Grangemouth to the Isle of May, the colour of the -water was observed to vary from dirty yellow to clear blue-green; and -the disc, at first visible only three feet below the surface, was seen -at a depth of six feet at Inchgarvie, at fifteen feet off Inchkeith, -and at no less than sixty feet a little east of the May. Although the -water of the upper reaches of the firth has been rendered muddy by the -admixture of river-water, that at the May Island remains beautifully -clear. - -The routine-work of a biological and chemical laboratory is not of -much interest to most people. For every day of collecting, with its -fresh sea-air and new sea-sights, there must be several spent on the -Ark in preserving the specimens, pressing plants, dissecting, mounting -microscopic objects, observing densities, analysing water, calculating -results, and such things; and all this work does not always tend to -preserve an odourless atmosphere. - -It is not intended that the Marine Station shall long continue of its -present small dimensions. The experiment, so far as it has gone, has -been so successful that it is now proposed to erect a large house on -shore near the quarry, where there will be commodious laboratories, -large aquaria, and rooms for the accommodation of the workers. In -the meantime, Mr Irvine of Royston has generously given the use of -an old manufactory which stands close to the sea beside the quarry. -It was formerly used as a tannery, and so contains a number of large -water-tight tanks built in the ground. There is a steam pumping-engine; -and a very simple modification of the existing pipes will secure -the supply of abundance of sea-water. The tanks will be used for -experiments on fish-breeding; and the buildings in the works can be -employed as laboratories without much alteration. - -The Marine Station is intended to be a centre from which branches will -extend to other parts of the country. It is in contemplation to erect -a permanent marine observatory on the Clyde; and there will also be a -portable station, probably a floating laboratory on the plan of the -Ark, which can be taken to any part of the coast where it is desirable -to make an extended series of observations. - -The Granton Station is, with the exception of an annual grant of three -hundred pounds from the Scottish Meteorological Society, entirely -supported by voluntary subscription; and the heartiness with which the -appeals to the public have been responded to by donations of money, -apparatus, and material, shows how thoroughly the people of Scotland -realise the importance of the work which is being done. The Government -Grant Committee of the London Royal Society has made certain allowances -to the members of the scientific staff for special researches; but this -is not in any sense a government endowment of the Station, the Treasury -having definitely refused to give any money for such a purpose. -Although government support is an extremely desirable thing, the -willing aid of an enlightened public is still better, and the Scottish -Marine Station at Granton has this aid.[1] - - -FOOTNOTES: - -[1] We will be glad to receive and acknowledge any donations in aid of -the Granton Marine Station.—ED. _C. J._, Edinburgh. - - - - -BY MEAD AND STREAM. - - -CHAPTER XXXIX.—THE OTHER SIDE. - -It seemed very curious to Madge that she should become the confidant -of those two men, with whose fate that of her mother had been so sadly -associated. She was thrust into the ungracious position of arbiter -between them; she had to decide whether or not the one was false and -treacherous, or the other the victim of his own hasty passion and -self-deceived in his accusations. She was satisfied that Mr Beecham had -spoken under the conviction of the truth of what he told her; and Mr -Hadleigh had just shown her that—if innocent—he could be magnanimous, -by his willingness to meet in friendliness one whom he had so long -regarded as his implacable foe. - -The position involved so much in the result to her and to Philip, that -she felt a little bewildered, and almost afraid of what she was about -to hear. But she could forgive: that knowledge steadied her. - -Mr Hadleigh with his formal courtesy asked her to be seated. He stood -at the window, and she could see that the white gloom of the coming -snowstorm was reflected on his face. - -‘May I inquire where you have met Mr Shield?’ - -She was obliged to reply as she had done to a question put by Philip, -which, although different, was to the same purport: ‘I may not tell you -yet.’ - -‘Philip knows that you have met him?’ - -‘No.’ It was most uncomfortable to have to give these evasive answers, -which seemed to make her the one who had to give explanations. She -observed that Mr Hadleigh’s heavy eyebrows involuntarily lifted. - -‘I ought not to have asked. Pardon me.’ - -Something in his tone and manner plainly showed that he had penetrated -her secret and Mr Beecham’s. - -‘I am sorry not to be able to give you a direct answer.’ - -‘It does not matter,’ he said with a slight movement of the hand, as -if he were putting the whole subject of her acquaintance with Shield -aside. ‘I know, from the exclamation you made a little while ago, that -he has told you with all his bitterness why he and I have not been -friends.’ - -‘There was no bitterness, Mr Hadleigh, but much sadness.’ - -‘I am pleased to hear it, and I will try to give you my explanation in -the same spirit. First about George Laurence. I never heard his name -until after my marriage; and it is therefore unnecessary to say that -when I did hear it, and learned the nature of his former relations with -my wife, it was not possible for me to receive him in my house, or for -him to regard me as a desirable acquaintance. There were unfortunate -consequences following upon this peculiar position; but they may pass. -They made my life a hard and solitary one.’ - -He paused, and as he looked out into the dull atmosphere, the vague -stare in his eyes, as if he were seeking something which he could not -see, became pathetic. Madge began to understand that expression now, -and the meaning of the melancholy, which was concealed from others -under a mask of cold reserve. She sympathised, but could say nothing. - -‘I never spoke to the man, and saw him only a few times. But -acquaintances of mine, who thought the news would be agreeable to me, -told me of his ways of life and predicted the end, which came quickly. -The mistake made by Philip’s mother and Mr Shield was in believing -that it was not until after her marriage that Laurence neglected his -business and took to dissipation. Men who had known him for several -years previous to that date informed me that his habits were little -altered after it. Nights spent in billiard-rooms and other places; -days wasted on racecourses and his fortune squandered. He attempted to -retrieve all by one daring speculation. Success would have enabled him -to go on for a longer or shorter time, according to the use he made of -the money; failure meant disgrace and a charge of fraud. He failed, and -escaped the law by taking poison.’ - -‘Are you sure of this?’ ejaculated Madge, startled and shocked by this -very different version of the sentimental story she had heard. - -‘I will show you the newspaper report of the inquest, and a copy of the -accountant’s report to the creditors on what estate was left. They will -suffice to satisfy you that there is no error in anything I have said.’ - -‘Why was it that Mr Shield, who was his most intimate friend, knew -nothing of this?’ - -‘He must have known something, but not all. His ways were quiet and -studious, and what he did see, he did not regard with the eyes of -experience. I do not think that Laurence attempted to deceive him; for -men who fall into his course of life soon become blind to its evils and -consequences; and so, without premeditation, he did deceive him. Mr -Shield, being a man as passionate in his friendships as in his hates, -would listen to no ill of his friend. But there is one thing more which -I have never repeated, and never until now allowed any one over whom I -had influence to repeat. You, however, must learn it from the lips of -one who witnessed the scene.’ - -He rang the bell, and Terry the butler appeared. It was one of Mr -Terry’s strict points of discipline in his kingdom below stairs that -without his sanction no one but himself should answer the drawing-room -bell. Obeying a motion of the master’s hand, he advanced with a portly -gravity becoming the dignity of his office. - -‘You were an attendant in the Cosmos Club about the date of my -marriage?’ said the master. - -‘I was, sir, then, and for six months before, and a good while after.’ - -‘You recollect what was said about the marriage a few evenings after it -took place?’ - -‘Perfectly, sir, because you told me to write it down, as you thought -some day it might be useful to you.’ - -‘The day has come. Tell us what you heard.’ - -‘There was a small dinner-party in the strangers’ room, and I had -charge of it. The gentlemen were particularly merry, and in fact -there was a remarkable quantity of wine used. Your marriage, sir, was -mentioned; and Mr Laurence, who was the gayest of the company, although -he took less wine than any other gentleman, proposed the health of the -happy couple. I recollect his very words, sir. He says: “I was in the -swim for the girl myself; but this beggar, Hadleigh, cut me out; that -was luck for me, so here’s luck to them;” and the toast was drunk with -perfect enthusiasm. Mr Laurence made away with himself some time after; -and I heard the gentlemen whisper among themselves, when referring to -the sad event, that it was a question of doing that or of doing a spell -of penal servitude. That’s all, sir.’ - -The master nodded: Mr Terry bowed and retired with the portly gravity -with which he had entered. - -Mr Hadleigh turned to Madge. The butler’s story produced the effect -desired: she was convinced, for she felt sure that no man who loved -could speak so lightly—or speak at all—of the woman he loved in a -company of club bacchanalians. - -‘But why did you not tell this to Mr Shield?’ was her reproachful -exclamation. - -‘Because he would not listen to anything I had to say. From the time -of the marriage until after the death of Laurence, we never met. Then -he came to me, mad with passion, and poured out a volley of abuse. I -was patient because he was her brother; and silent because it was as -hopeless to expect a man drunk with rage to be reasonable as one drunk -with alcohol. In his last words to me he accused me of murder. We have -never spoken together since.—Do you think me guilty?’ - -‘I do not believe it,’ she replied decisively; ‘nor would he have -believed it, if what you have told me had been made known to him in -time.’ - -‘I am grateful to you,’ said Mr Hadleigh, bending his head; ‘but I -perceive you do not know Mr Shield. Time and solitude alter most men, -and they must have had a peculiar effect upon him to have enabled him -to make such a deep impression on you. He used to be obstinate to the -last degree, and once he had formed an opinion, he held to it in spite -of reason.’ - -‘He must be changed indeed, then, Mr Hadleigh. I am sure that when he -had had time to think, he would have understood it all but’—— - -She paused; and his keen eyes rested searchingly on her troubled face. - -‘I know what you would say, and I see that you have doubted me. Ah -well, ah well; it is a pity; but that, too, shall be made clear to you, -I trust.’ - -She looked up again hopefully. - -‘Oh, if you will do that!’ The tone was like that of an appeal. - -‘It can be done, I think.... You have been told that it was I who, in -my enmity to Shield, took advantage of his long absence and silence to -set abroad the report that he was married. I did not. The story was on -the tongue of everybody hereabouts for months, and I, like the rest, -believed it. There are only two men who would have said that I spoke -the falsehood—the one is the man who invented it; the other is Shield -himself.’ - -‘You knew the man?’ - -‘I did.’ - -‘Then why, why did you not denounce him in time?’ - -‘Because I did not know him until after your mother’s wedding; and then -I thought she would learn the truth only too soon for her peace of -mind.’ - -‘How did you discover him, then?’ - -‘The scoundrel revealed himself. He came to me, and insolently told me -that, knowing the state of affairs between Shield and me, he thought -he would do me a good service. So he had given him a blow which he -would not get over in a hurry. I knew something of the man, and at once -suspected his meaning. I inquired how he had struck the blow; and he -explained that it was he who had brought about matters so that when -Shield came home he found his sweetheart already married to somebody -else.’ - -Poor Madge was weeping bitter tears in her heart, but there were none -in her eyes: they were full of eagerness and wonder. She was drawing -nearer and nearer to the truth, which would enable her to effect the -purpose Philip so much desired. - -‘It is the advantage of my nature,’ Mr Hadleigh went on calmly, ‘that -I can listen to a scoundrel without losing temper. On this occasion, I -asked how he knew that Shield had returned. “I have seen him,” he said; -“and he is cut up enough to please even you. Now, having done this -job for you, I expect you to give me something for my trouble.”—“How -much?”—“A hundred is not too much to ask for the satisfaction of -knowing that your bitterest foe has got it hot.”—I asked him to write -down that he had been the first to report in the village that Austin -Shield was married, although at the time he had no authority for the -statement.—“That looks like a confession,” he said.—“Exactly. I mean it -to be one.”—After thinking for a moment, the fellow said: “All right; -it won’t matter to me, for to-morrow I am off to the diggings.”’ - -Mr Hadleigh stopped and looked out at the window again, as if the scene -he was recalling even now filled him with indignation. He resumed: - -‘When he had written the memorandum and signed it, I told him my -opinion of his villainous transaction, and threatened to have him -horsewhipped through the village. At the same time I rang the bell. -Although disappointed, “Bah!” said he; “I always thought you were a -sneak, without the pluck to give the fellow who hates you a hiding. -Shield has the right stuff in him; he gave me the money for telling him -that you employed me to tell the lie. That paper you swindled out of -me isn’t worth a rap. You have no witnesses.”—He got out of the room -before I could reach him, and escaped pursuit.... He was right; the -paper was useless to me.’ - -‘Who was the man?’ - -‘Richard Towers. Your aunt will tell you what a scamp he was.’ - -‘But what motive could he have for such a cruel wrong?’ - -‘Unknown to Shield, he was his rival; and it was his own satisfaction -he sought in spreading the falsehood, as it was his own interests he -served by endeavouring to make capital of it out of both Shield and me -by playing upon the unfortunate misunderstandings between us.’ - -Madge was now calm and thoughtful. She, too, saw what a powerless -instrument the villain’s memorandum was unless it could be proved that -he had written it. Who would not say Mr Hadleigh himself had written -it, to escape blame? - -‘Have you got the memorandum still?’ she asked suddenly. ‘Will you give -it to me?’ - -‘But it is useless, except to satisfy those who trust me that I had no -part in the disgraceful affair.’ - -‘It is not quite useless, Mr Hadleigh. There are letters bearing that -man’s name amongst my grandfather’s papers, and Mr Shield can compare -the handwriting. That will be enough to assure him that you are -blameless, even if he be so ungenerous as you imagine. Give me the -paper.’ - -A clever thought; and Mr Hadleigh was struck by her quickness in seeing -it and the energy with which she took up his cause. He did not know -that she was working for Philip. - -‘You will make a good advocate,’ he said with that far-off look in his -eyes. ‘You shall have the paper. It is in the safe in my room.’ - -‘Thank you, thank you! I will wait here till you send it to me.’ - -(_To be continued._) - - - - -THE LARGEST STATUES IN THE WORLD, ANCIENT AND MODERN. - - -A piece of interesting news comes to us from Egypt regarding a -discovery recently made in Lower Egypt, by Mr Flinders Petrie, of -the fragments of a colossal statue of King Rameses II., which, -calculating the height from the fragments which remain, must have stood -considerably over one hundred feet in height! The material employed -is granite; and the executing of such a work in such a material, and -when completed, rearing it into position, must have involved a profound -knowledge not only of high art but of engineering skill. Is it possible -that the statue could have been cut out whole in one piece? If so, what -lever-power did the Egyptians possess to raise such an enormous weight -into a perpendicular position? - -Certain it is that these ancient builders knew well how to get over, -and did get over, prodigious difficulties, as witness their obelisks, -and the enormous stones which compose the platform of the magnificent -Temple of the Sun at Baalbec. As there is no stone quarry near, how -these vast stones could possibly have been conveyed thither in the -first place, and then raised to their position, has been an enigma -to all modern architects and engineers by whom the temple has been -critically examined, and who have freely confessed that, even with all -our modern science of steam-cranes, hydraulic jacks, and railways, -the transport and raising of such immense cyclopean masses would have -undoubtedly presented many serious difficulties, if indeed it could be -accomplished at all. - -Many of our readers will doubtless remember Mr Poynter’s grand picture -in the Royal Academy of London, a few years ago, entitled ‘Israel in -Egypt.’ It represented an enormous mass of sculpture mounted on a -wheeled truck, dragged along by hundreds of the unfortunate captive -Israelites, who are smarting under the whips of their cruel drivers. -Mr Poynter had good authority for his ‘motive-power’ as shown in his -picture. So far as we can discover from ancient works or ancient -sculptures, the hugest stone masses were transported mainly by force of -human muscles, with few mechanical expedients. Levers and rollers seem -to have been almost, if not altogether, unknown. The mass was generally -placed on a kind of sledge, the ground over which it was to pass -lubricated with some oily substance, and the sheer strength of human -shoulders was then applied. - -The most colossal and by far the most remarkable statue of modern -days is that most elaborate and rather eccentric gift of the French -nation to the people of America. Not only is it remarkable for its -enormous height and gigantic proportions, but for the very singular -and ingenious manner in which it has been constructed, so singular, -indeed, that at first sight it is somewhat difficult to comprehend the -manner in which it has been built up piece by piece, especially when -we mention that the several pieces of copper composing the figure have -_not_ been cast. How, then, have they been made? This we will try to -explain. - -The statue is a female figure of Liberty, having on her head a crown, -and holding aloft in her hand a torch. The figure is one hundred and -five feet high; but, reckoning the extreme height to the top of the -torch, the marvellous altitude of one hundred and thirty-seven feet -nine inches is reached. The statue is to be reared on a pedestal of -solid granite eighty-three feet high, so that the entire work will -rise to the immense height of two hundred and twenty feet nine inches! -The artist is M. Bartholdi (the family name, by-the-bye, of the great -composer best known as ‘Mendelssohn’). - -Having first carefully constructed a model in clay about life-size, -this was repeatedly enlarged until the necessary form and size were -obtained. The next step was to obtain plaster-casts from the clay, -and these casts were then reproduced by clever artists in hard wood. -The wooden blocks were then in their turn placed in the hands of -coppersmiths, who by the hammer alone, it is stated, gave the copper -sheets the exact form of the wooden moulds or models; and thus, in this -peculiar and laborious manner, the outside copper ‘skin’ of the statue -was formed and, to all outward appearance, completed. But as the copper -is only one-eighth of an inch thick, an inner skin is also provided, -placed about a foot behind the first, whilst the intermediate space -will be filled in with sand, especially at the lower extremities, to -give the whole a steadfast foundation. - -The stability of the figure will not, however, be left to depend -solely on these sheets of thin copper and loose sand; and therefore -the interior, from top to bottom, will be strengthened by a framework -of girders and supports, by which the whole will be knit together in -one firm, compact, unyielding mass. As the sheets of copper and the -interior framework are simply secured in the ordinary manner by rivets, -when it is desired to remove this metallic mountain, all that has to -be done is to unrivet the several plates, take down, and pack on board -ship for New York. - -It is proposed to place this gigantic ‘Liberty’ on Bedloe’s Island, -a very small islet lying about two miles south of the Battery and -Castle Garden, the lowest point of the island of Manhattan on which -the city of New York is built, so that travellers approaching the city -by water on that side will get a fine view of the statue of ‘Liberty -enlightening the World.’ - -This mighty work of art, after many years of close and anxious -labour, has recently been formally handed over by M. Jules Ferry to -the minister of the United States, as a free gift from the people of -France to the people of America—a token of love and admiration from -the one republic to the other—and measures are being adopted to take -the statue to pieces, with a view to its immediate transmission to New -York, in which go-ahead city we shall doubtless soon hear of its final -erection. - -If Mr Flinders Petrie’s discovery of the remains of the gigantic statue -of Rameses II. in Lower Egypt, one hundred feet high of solid granite, -is the largest statue of antiquity, the ‘Liberty’ of M. Bartholdi may -certainly take rank as the most colossal production of modern days. - - - - -A GREENROOM ROMANCE. - - -IN THREE SCENES.—SCENE I. - -Mr Percy Montmorency was seated in front of a looking-glass in his -dressing-room at the Pantheon Theatre, habited in the costume of -Charles Surface, with the perruquier in attendance. The name of -‘Montmorency’ was merely a _nom de théâtre_ assumed by Harry Stanley -when he adopted the somewhat singular resolution of ‘fretting and -strutting his hour’ on the boards of a metropolitan theatre; for -Mr Stanley was the only child of his father Colonel Stanley, and -consequently heir to that gallant officer’s estates in Yorkshire -and elsewhere. For the rest, he was three-and-twenty, undeniably -good-looking, and endowed with considerable abilities. Having completed -the arrangement of the powdered wig, the perruquier withdrew a pace and -contemplated the effect with well-simulated admiration. ‘Mr Charles -Mathews never looked the part better, sir.’ - -The actor seemed to coincide in the opinion of his flattering -attendant, for he rose, and surveyed himself in the glass with -admiration, which he made no attempt to conceal. - -‘A good house, Jackson?’ - -‘Capital, sir. But a little cold. They’ll warm up when _you_ go on, -sir.’ - -‘Tell the call-boy I want him, Jackson.’ - -Jackson withdrew; and Montmorency surrendered himself to a mental -soliloquy, which assumed somewhat of this form: ‘I wonder what my -father wishes to see me about? The same old story, I suppose—the folly -and wickedness of the step I have taken. Well, of one thing I am -certain: I am much better off in my present position, than wedded to -that Barbadoes girl, Miss Anstruther, in spite of her money-bags, and -whom I have never seen.’ - -These reflections were put an end to by the entrance of the call-boy. - -‘If a gentleman giving the name of Colonel Stanley should call, show -him in here.’ - -‘He is outside, sir,’ replied the boy. - -‘Show him in at once,’ whereupon there entered a small wizen-faced old -gentleman, with snow-white hair, and supporting himself on a stick. -Montmorency advanced, shook hands with a great show of cordiality, and -placed a chair, on which Colonel Stanley slowly seated himself, gazing -round the small apartment with an unfeigned expression of curiosity. -‘So this is a theatrical dressing-room. You are pretty snug.’ - -The room certainly deserved the encomium of the old colonel. Paintings -in oil and water colours nearly covered the walls; fancy pipes and -cigar-boxes and scent-bottles littered the tables; a case of champagne -reposed in one corner, while in the other was a small pile of seltzer -water. - -The colonel, after indulging in a sigh, proceeded: ‘I have called, -Harry, before I return to Yorkshire, to make one more appeal to you to -give up your present mode of life, settle down as a landed proprietor -in your native county, and marry Miss Anstruther.’ - -It was now the turn of the young man to sigh as he replied: -‘Impossible, my dear sir. I am already wedded—to the stage.’ - -‘That may be; but unions can easily be dissolved by a divorce, -especially in these days.’ - -‘Not where the contracting parties are so attached to each other as -I am to my profession. No, sir. If a man could take a wife on lease, -for seven, fourteen, or twenty-one years, the case would be different. -But the feeling that my lot in life was fixed—cut and dried, so to -speak—the matter won’t bear a thought.’ The young man felt strongly -inclined to indulge in a stage-walk, but the limited area of the -apartment forbade such a physical relief. If the reader should consider -the remarks of the actor somewhat flippant, it must be borne in mind -that no one whose character did not fall under that definition would -have acted as Harry Stanley had done. - -The old man scowled as he resumed: ‘I wonder you can respect yourself, -dizened out and painted like a mummer at a pantomime.’ - -‘I am of the same calling as the glory of England, Shakspeare the -actor’—— - -‘And poet—you forget that, sir—poet, sir,’ sharply retorted the colonel. - -‘I can assure you, sir, we have men of good family playing very -small parts to-night. Trip took honours at Oxford, and Backbite is a -Cambridge man.’ - -‘Pray, sir,’ replied the colonel, ‘if that be the case, why do you all -sail under false colours? Why resign the honoured name of Stanley for -the Frenchified one of Montmorency?’ - -The young man bowed as he responded: ‘Out of deference to the shallow -scruples of the narrow-minded portion of Society.’ - -‘Of which I constitute a member, eh?’ - -It was in a more conciliatory tone that his son took up the argument. -‘Pray, sir, let me ask you a question. Do poets and novelists never -adopt a _nom de plume_? Did not Miss Evans style herself “George -Eliot;” the late Governor-general of India, “Owen Meredith;” -Mademoiselle de la Ramée, “Ouida;” Dickens, “Boz?”’ - -‘That’ll do,’ interrupted the colonel. ‘Then one fine day you will be -falling in love, as you call it, with one of these artful and painted -sirens, and I shall find myself grandfather to a clown or a pantaloon! -For, of course, you will bring up your offspring to _the_ profession, -as you call it, as if there were no other profession in the world.’ - -His son and heir drew himself proudly up as he replied: ‘No, sir; I -trust I shall never forget that I own the honoured name of Stanley.’ - -The colonel remained silent for several moments ere he observed: ‘I -shall never understand why you declined even to see Miss Anstruther.’ - -‘Because the very fact that the lady was labelled my future wife,’ -replied his son, ‘would have caused me to detest her at first sight.’ - -The old colonel rose from his seat. ‘I can see very plainly that I am -wasting both your time and my own.—I suppose you will have to do a -little “tumbling” presently?’ - -‘I do not make my first entrance till the third act. If you will go in -front, you can have my box.’ Montmorency rang the bell as he spoke, and -when the call-boy appeared, directed him to show his visitor into box A. - -The actor was indulging in a sigh of relief, when a head appeared at -the half-closed door, and a voice exclaimed: ‘May I come in?’ - -Montmorency bounded from his chair as he seized hold of the extended -hand and drew the owner into the room. The new-comer was a young man -of about the same age as the actor, and was habited in modern evening -dress. Montmorency wrung the hand of his friend Vallance, and forced -him into a seat. ‘Delighted to see you, Jack! Have a weed and a -seltzer?’ - -In a few seconds the two young men were similarly occupied, and -immersed in the consumption of a couple of choice Partagas. - -The actor opened the ball. ‘You must have met an elderly party in the -passage. That was the governor. He is very irate because I won’t fall -in love by word of command, and marry Miss Anstruther, whom I have -never seen.—By-the-bye, _you_ have seen her. What is she like?’ - -‘A lovely girl,’ replied Vallance. ‘I met her at a ball at Scarborough, -soon after her arrival from the West Indies. Faith, Harry, you might do -worse.’ - -‘And might do better; eh, Jack? But your ideas of beauty are so -opposite to mine, as I remember of old. Now, if you wish to see a -perfect vision of loveliness, go in front and see Fonblanque, the Lady -Teazle of to-night.’ - -‘You mean _Miss_ Fonblanque, I presume?’ - -‘Exactly. The prefix “Miss” is frequently omitted in theatrical -parlance. She is bewitching!’ - -Vallance shakes his head. ‘Have a care, Harry. It would be a pity if -you allied yourself with some unknown adventuress, after refusing the -rich Miss Anstruther.’ - -‘Well, to be candid, Jack, I _am_ afraid of myself. If I did not -constantly call to my mind the fact that I am a Stanley, I should -speedily succumb to the charms of the divine Fonblanque, so there is -some benefit arising from birth after all.’ - -‘And how long do you mean to pursue this mad freak of yours?’ inquired -Vallance. - -‘Till I hear on good authority that the troublesome Miss Anstruther is -engaged, or married.’ - -‘And then?’ - -‘Why, then I quit the mimic stage as suddenly as I entered upon it.’ - -‘Meanwhile!’ ejaculated Vallance with an incredulous smile. - -‘Meanwhile,’ replied Montmorency loftily, ‘I contribute to the “gaiety -of nations,” as Johnson said of Garrick; and therefore consider myself -a far better member of society than a successful general, who has -killed so many hundreds of his fellow-mortals; or a lawyer, who has set -whole families by the ears in order to fill his pockets; or a doctor, -who, as Tobin says, spends the greater part of his time in writing -death-warrants in Latin.’ - -Vallance examined his finger-nails for a few seconds, and after an -embarrassing pause, said: ‘Harry, I am about to make a confession.’ - -‘I cannot promise you absolution, Jack.’ - -Vallance proceeded: ‘On the memorable night when I first beheld Miss -Anstruther at the ball at Scarborough, I fell over head and ears in -love with her.’ - -‘You fell in love with her, did you!’ repeated Montmorency, in a tone -of some annoyance. ‘You mean with her banking account. Remember, you -are in the confession box.’ - -‘On my honour, no!’ replied Vallance. ‘As you are aware, I could not -afford to marry a penniless girl; but if I were as rich as Rothschild, -and Miss Anstruther a pauper, I would marry her to-morrow, if she would -have me.—You do not seem to like the idea?’ - -‘Humanity is a strange compound, Jack. It grates upon my sense of -propriety that any one else should step into my shoes and wed the woman -intended for my wife, yet whom I have vowed never to marry.’ - -‘Why, what a dog in the manger, you are!’ - -‘I would not so much mind if a stranger were to win the heiress; but -to know her as your wife, Jack, for the remainder of my existence, to -repent probably of my obstinacy—— You are not in earnest, Jack?’ - -‘Ah, but I am!’ replied Vallance, inwardly murmuring: ‘May I be -forgiven the lie!’ - -After a brief mental struggle, Montmorency continued: ‘Well, success -attend you. You are a lucky fellow to walk off with such a prize; while -I—I shall remain a humble stage-player.’ - -‘Remember the peerless Fonblanque, Harry.’ - -‘Ah! you are right. There is beauty, talent, wit, elegance, refinement, -all enshrined in the admirable Lady Teazle of to-night. I shall now no -longer hold back. To-night I shall know my fate. You have applied the -touchstone.’ - -The shrill voice of the call-boy now uttered the words ‘Charles -Surface.’ - -‘There is my call. So adieu for the present. Go in front, and call for -me at the end of the show; and we will have a steak at the _Albion_ -together, and drink to the speedy nuptials of my _bête noire_, Miss -Anstruther.’ - -‘With whom?’ - -‘Any one! I care not—no offence, Jack—so I am free.’ - -Vallance proceeded straight to box A, and having tapped at the door, -found himself face to face with Colonel Stanley, who eagerly exclaimed: -‘Well, Vallance, has my plan succeeded?’ - -‘I fear not, sir.’ - -‘Give him a second dose the first opportunity. I never knew it fail. -If you want to make a man fall in love with a particular woman, tell -him she is half engaged, and she will instantly go up twenty per cent. -in his estimation. That is how I came to marry his mother. Directly -my father told me that Fred Spencer was mad after her, and that she -was half inclined to marry him, I rushed to the attack, stormed the -fortress, and carried off the prize! _I_ wasn’t going to let that puppy -Spencer march off with her. A fellow with not a tithe of my personal -recommendations.’ Here the colonel paused, as he beheld the countenance -of his auditor completely engrossed with the scene; for in the lovely -Lady Teazle of the play, Jack Vallance had recognised the West Indian -heiress, Emily Anstruther! - - -SCENE II. - -Along one of the tortuous passages leading to the dressing-rooms, a -gentleman is conducting a lady, preceded by the dresser. They have -evidently come from the audience part of the theatre, as they are -both in modern evening dress. Presently the dresser pauses at a door, -and after tapping, enters; and returns to invite the lady to invade -the sacred precincts of the dressing-room of Miss Fonblanque, the -representative of Lady Teazle. After a few whispered words to her -escort, the lady accepts the invitation, and in another moment is -clasped in the embrace of the actress. ‘My dear Julia!’ - -‘My darling Emily!’ - -Certainly, Lady Teazle fully deserved the rapturous praises of -Montmorency. Her lovely dark eyes shone all the brighter from the -contrast to the powdered wig; while her splendid figure was displayed -to the utmost advantage by means of her handsome brocaded dress. - -‘And so you recognised me under these tinsel robes, Julia?’ - -‘Your voice is unmistakable; I should have known it anywhere, -Emily.—When do you intend to return to your own sphere?’ - -‘First tell me, Julia, how you managed to penetrate these sacred -precincts?’ - -‘Oh! my husband, who knows everybody, said he could at once accomplish -it, directly I told him you were my old schoolfellow at Barbadoes.—Now, -answer me my question, there’s a dear!’ - -‘I _have_ found my proper sphere; I am free, popular, and admired. -Instead of one admirer, I have hundreds, and the number is increasing -nightly. What can woman wish for more?’ - -‘I’ll tell you, Emily: a nice husband, and domestic bliss.’ - -The actress indulged in a scarcely audible sigh. ‘That might have been -my lot. I mean the domestic bliss part of the affair, if I had not had -it dinned into my ears from morning till night that there was only one -road to happiness—a union with Mr Stanley, whom I have never seen.’ - -‘You might have liked him very much.’ - -‘Impossible, my dear Julia. The very fact of a man being ticketed like -a prize animal at a show, and then his being introduced to you as your -certain and future husband, would be quite sufficient to make me detest -him.—No, Julia; when _I_ marry, I will myself make the selection, and -he must be one who is ignorant that his intended is a rich heiress.’ - -‘That will not be a very easy matter to accomplish, Emily.’ - -‘Listen, Julia, and I’ll tell you a secret. There is a young man -acting in this company—a Mr Percy Montmorency. He is all I could -wish—handsome, clever, accomplished, and vastly agreeable.’ - -‘Then you have _made_ your selection?’ - -‘Not so, Julia. His profession renders our union impossible. He may -be heir to a peerage; he may be a lawyer’s clerk. There is the most -delightful mystery as to our antecedents, we play-actors! For instance, -who would suppose that I was the rich West Indian heiress, who utilised -her amateur theatrical talents, and adopted her present profession? And -all in order to escape being pestered into an unwelcome and distasteful -marriage. Heigh-ho! I wish I had never seen this captivating fellow.’ - -Mrs Sydney sighed as she rejoined: ‘Ah, Emily, there is the danger -of your present mode of life. Before you know where you are, finding -yourself over head and ears in love with some handsome fellow, even of -whose very name you are ignorant. As to the position in society of his -progenitors, that is a point which would require the research of the -Society of Antiquaries.’ - -The actress looked solemnly in the face of her friend, and taking both -her hands within her own, replied: ‘Julia, there is a fascination in -the life of a successful actress, of which you can form no conception. -There is the delight of selecting the costume you are to wear on -the eventful evening. No trifle to a woman, as you will admit. Then -there is the actual pleasure of wearing it, not for the sake of some -half-dozen friends, whose envy in consequence is a poor reward, but the -object of admiration to hundreds of spectators nightly! Then, instead -of monotonous domesticity, executing crewel-work to the accompaniment -of the snoring in an armchair of a bored husband, we have the nightly -welcome from a thousand pair of hands, and the final call before the -curtain amidst an avalanche of flowers! Your name on every tongue, -your photo. in every print-shop in London, and your acts and deeds the -subject of conversation at every dinner-table in the metropolis!’ - -Mrs Sydney shook her head with a melancholy smile as the actress -finished her oration. ‘I am still unconverted, Emily.’ - -‘Quite right, Julia. If we were all actresses, there would be no -audiences.’ - -The inexorable call-boy here put a compulsory finish to the interview -between the two friends, with the words ‘Lady Teazle.’ - - -SCENE III. - -Montmorency was seated in the greenroom at the conclusion of the play, -engaged in that absent train of thought known as a brown-study. The -more he saw of the fascinating Fonblanque, the more he was captivated. -Every hour spent in her society but served to rivet more closely the -chain which bound him to her. Should he condescend and make her an -offer of his hand, she would naturally be influenced by a profound -sense of gratitude, when she discovered that she had married a man -of fortune and a Stanley! Whereas, if he had married the rich Miss -Anstruther, he would have had her money-bags perpetually thrown in his -face. A silver-toned utterance fell on his ears. Looking up, he beheld -the subject of his cogitations. - -‘Allow me to congratulate you, Mr Montmorency, on your Charles Surface -this evening. A double call before the curtain, and well deserved.’ - -‘You are pleased to flatter me. The plaudits of the house to-night -render any praise on my part of your Lady Teazle unnecessary. I regret -that I am fated to lose so charming a compatriot.’ - -Was it fancy that Montmorency imagined he detected a paler tint on the -cheek of the actress, as she replied: ‘You are not going to leave us?’ - -‘I fear so.’ - -‘Wherefore?’ - -‘You are the last person to whom I can confide the cause of my sudden -departure.’ - -Lady Teazle cast down her lovely eyes for a brief space, and then, -in a voice in which the smallest possible _tremolo_ was perceptible, -whispered: ‘Are you not happy here?’ - -‘I fear, too much so,’ sighed Montmorency. ‘I have been living in a -fool’s paradise lately.’ - -‘How? In what way, Mr Montmorency?’ - -‘I am in love.—You start. You do not believe in an actor, who is always -simulating affection, ever falling under the influence of a real and -veritable passion.’ - -‘You wrong me; indeed, you do. The artistic nature is, and must be, -more acutely sensitive than that possessed by ordinary mortals. Do I -know the lady?’ - -‘You see her every day—when you contemplate those charming features -in the glass. Yes; it is _you_, Miss Fonblanque, whom I love, whom I -adore!’ - -How can we describe the flood of sensations which agitated the bosom of -the heiress, as she listened to the avowal of affection from the lips -of the only man she had ever loved! In low and trembling tones, she -managed to reply: ‘Mr Montmorency, you are not rehearsing a scene in -some new comedy?’ - -‘I was never more serious in my life.’ - -By this time, the pride of the Anstruthers had come to the assistance -of the heiress. ‘I grieve very much that I cannot accept your offer. It -is impossible.’ - -‘Impossible! Why?’ - -‘That I cannot explain.’ - -‘We are both members of the same profession, and so far equal.’ - -‘Pardon me,’ said Lady Teazle. ‘You know nothing of my antecedents, -and’—— - -‘And you know nothing of mine, you would say. Charming equality! Say, -Miss Fonblanque, may I hope?’ - -It was now the turn of the actress to sigh. ‘It would be cruel to raise -hopes which can never be realised.’ - -Montmorency let fall the hand which in his ardour he had seized, and -drew himself proudly up. ‘That is your fixed answer?’ - -‘It is.’ - -Montmorency once more took possession of her taper fingers, and raising -them to his lips, uttered the word ‘Farewell!’ and hastily left the -greenroom. - -The dark melting eyes of the heiress gazed after his retreating figure, -and large drops of moisture gathered in them. ‘I have half a mind to -call him back,’ she mentally whispered.—‘No! I must remember I am an -Anstruther.’ - -Sinking on a couch, Lady Teazle felt her brain spinning round; then -presently raising her eyes, she beheld—Mr Vallance! - -‘Have I not the honour of speaking to Miss Anstruther?’ - -‘Since you recognise me, it would be affectation to deny my identity. -Mr Vallance, may I ask you to preserve my secret?’ - -‘From all save one individual—Mr Montmorency. Surely you knew that in -the Charles Surface of this evening you beheld your rejected lover, Mr -Stanley?’ - -A film came slowly over the eyes of Miss Anstruther. ‘You are not -joking, Mr Vallance?’ - -‘The matter is too serious for jesting. But I will break a confidence. -He loves you. He told me so half an hour ago.’ - -The heiress could scarcely forbear a smile, as she reflected that -her ears had drunk in the soft confession only five minutes ago. ‘Mr -Vallance, will you do me a favour? Will you ask Mr Stanley to step -here for a few minutes? But remember, you must on no account reveal my -identity.’ - -‘You may rely upon me, Miss Anstruther. I do not know what steps you -mean to adopt; but there is no time to lose, for old Colonel Stanley is -in front, and will, if he has recognised you, at once inform his son.’ - -‘That is my fear; so haste.’ - -Almost before the heiress could mature her plans, the rejected one -appeared before her. He was very grave, and bowed with an air of deep -humility, as the actress thus addressed him: ‘Mr Vallance and I are -old acquaintances, so I commissioned him to ask you to return for a -short time. I feel very anxious about our scenes in the _Hunchback_ -to-morrow. Would you mind running through the Modus and Helen scenes? I -mean the second one.’ - -Montmorency bowed. ‘With pleasure.’ - -It would have been a lesson for half the actresses on the stage, could -they have beheld the manner in which the saucy coquette of the play -coaxed her lover, lured him on, fascinated him, and enveloped him in -such a spell of witcheries, that no Modus that ever breathed could have -been proof against her seductive wiles. The scene came to an unexpected -termination, for Montmorency suddenly caught her in his arms, and as he -held her clasped tight to his breast, exclaimed in rapid and excited -tones: ‘This is not acting! If it be, you are the greatest actress that -ever trod the boards. You love me! I see it in your sparkling eye; I -read it in your blushing cheek! Say, am I not right?’ - -Emily Anstruther remained perfectly passive in the arms of Harry -Stanley, as she murmured ‘Yes!’ - -The enraptured couple were so completely absorbed in reading love in -each other’s eyes, that they had not observed the entrance of two -gentlemen, Colonel Stanley and Mr Vallance. - -The old colonel was the first to speak. ‘Speak, sir! Is this a scene -from a play?’ - -By this time the heiress had left the sweet anchorage of her lover’s -arms, and advancing to the old man, said: ‘Do you not recognise your -godchild, Emily Anstruther?’ - -But surprise had taken away the power of speech from the colonel. - -His son interposed. ‘I trust Miss Anstruther will acquit _me_ of any -guilty knowledge of this fact—will believe that _I_ believed she was -merely Miss Fonblanque the actress.’ - -Emily Anstruther here cast down her eyes, while a deep blush mantled -over her face and neck. ‘I am afraid _I_ am not equally innocent; for -Mr Vallance informed me that I had refused my hated lover. But I have -enough confidence in _his_ love for me, to hope for his belief in my -unselfish love for _him_.’ - -‘So you see, dad,’ exclaimed the younger Stanley, ‘Love not only rules -the court, the camp, the grove, as the poet says, but does not disdain -to flutter his wings in the greenroom.’ - - _Author’s Note._—This story having been dramatised, and the - provisions of the law as regards dramatic copyright having been - duly complied with, any infringement of the author’s rights - becomes actionable. - - - - -HUMOROUS DEFINITIONS. - - -A smart, pithy, or humorous definition often furnishes a happy -illustration of the proverbial brevity which is the soul of wit. Wit -itself has not inaptly been called ‘a pleasant surprise over truth;’ -and wisdom, often its near ally, is, in the opinion of a clever writer, -‘nothing more than educated cunning.’ ‘Habits are what we learn and -can’t forget,’ says the same author, who also defines silence as ‘a -safe place to hide in,’ and a lie as ‘the very best compliment that -can be paid to truth.’ ‘Show him an egg and instantly the air is full -of feathers,’ said a humorist, defining a sanguine man. ‘A moral -chameleon’ is a terse reckoning-up of a humbug. Man’s whole life has -been cynically summed up in the sentence, ‘Youth is a blunder; middle -life, a struggle; and old age, a regret.’ - -Whimsical definitions are sometimes quite as neat and telling as those -of a smarter kind. Dr Johnson confessed to a lady that it was pure -ignorance that made him define ‘pastern, the knee of a horse;’ but he -could hardly make the same excuse for defining pension, ‘an allowance -made to any one without an equivalent.’ A patriot, some writer tells -us, is ‘one who lives _for_ the promotion of his country’s union and -dies _in_ it;’ and a hero, ‘he who, after warming his enemies, is -toasted by his friends.’ - -Of juvenile definitions, ‘dust is mud with the juice squeezed out;’ -scarcely so scientific as Palmerston’s definition of dirt as ‘matter -in the wrong place.’ A fan, we learn, is ‘a thing to brush warm off -with;’ and a monkey, ‘a small boy with a tail;’ ‘salt, what makes your -potatoes taste bad when you don’t put any on;’ ‘wakefulness, eyes all -the time coming unbuttoned;’ and ‘ice, water that stayed out too late -in the cold and went to sleep.’ - -A schoolboy asked to define the word ‘sob,’ whimpered out: ‘It means -when a feller don’t mean to cry and it bursts out itself.’ Another -defined a comma as ‘a period with a long tail.’ A youngster was asked -to give his idea of the meaning of ‘responsibility,’ so he said: ‘Well, -supposing I had only two buttons on my trousers, and one came off, all -the responsibility would rest on the other button.’ - -‘Give the definition of admittance,’ said a teacher to the head-boy. -This went from the head to near the foot of the class, all being -unable to tell the meaning of it, until it reached a little boy who -had seen the circus bills posted about the village, and who exclaimed: -‘Admittance means one shilling, and children half-price.’ - -‘What is a junction, nurse?’ asked a seven-year-old fairy the other day -on a railway platform.—‘A junction, my dear?’ answered the nurse, with -the air of a very superior person indeed: ‘why, it’s a place where two -roads separate.’ - -To hit off a jury as ‘a body of men organised to find out which side -has the smartest lawyer,’ is to satirise many of our ‘intelligent -fellow-countrymen.’ The word ‘suspicion’ is, in the opinion of a -jealous husband, ‘a feeling that compels you to try to find out -something which you don’t wish to know.’ A good definition of a -‘Pharisee’ is ‘a tradesman who uses long prayers and short weights;’ of -a ‘humbug, one who agrees with everybody;’ and of a ‘tyrant, the other -version of somebody’s hero.’ An American lady’s idea of a ballet-girl -was, ‘an open muslin umbrella with two pink handles;’ and a Parisian’s -of ‘chess, a humane substitute for hard labour.’ Thin soup, according -to an Irish mendicant, is ‘a quart of water boiled down to a pint, to -make it strong.’ - -Of definitions of a bachelor—‘an un-altar-ed man,’ ‘a singular being,’ -and ‘a target for a miss,’ are apt enough. A walking-stick may be -described as ‘the old man’s strength and the young man’s weakness;’ -and an umbrella as ‘a fair and foul weather friend’ who has had ‘many -ups and downs in the world.’ A watch may be hit off as a ‘second-hand -affair;’ spectacles as ‘second-sight’ or ‘friendly glasses;’ and a -wig as ‘the top of the poll,’ ‘picked locks,’ and ‘poached hare.’ And -any one who is troubled with an empty purse may be comforted with the -reflection that ‘no trial could be lighter.’ - -‘Custom is the law of fools,’ and ‘politeness is half-sister to -charity’—the last a better definition than that which spitefully -defines polite society as ‘a place where manners pass for too much, -and morals for too little.’ ‘Fashion’ has been cleverly hit off as ‘an -arbitrary disease which leads all geese to follow in single file the -one goose that sets the style.’ An idea of the amusement of dancing is -not badly conveyed by the phrases ‘embodied melody’ and ‘the poetry of -motion.’ - -The ‘Complete Angler’ as a definition of ‘a flirt’ is particularly -happy. Beauty has been called ‘a short-lived tyranny,’ ‘a silent -cheat,’ and ‘a delightful prejudice;’ while modesty has been declared -‘the delicate shadow that virtue casts.’ Love has been likened to -‘the sugar in a woman’s teacup, and man the spoon that stirs it up;’ -and a ‘true-lover’s-knot’ may not inaptly be termed ‘a dear little -tie.’ Kisses have variously been defined as ‘a harmony in red,’ ‘a -declaration of love by deed of mouth,’ and ‘lip-service.’ - -‘Matrimony’ was defined by a little girl at the head of a confirmation -class in Ireland, as ‘a state of torment into which souls enter to -prepare them for another and better world.’ - -‘Being,’ said the examining priest, ‘the answer for purgatory.’ - -‘Put her down!’ said the curate, much ashamed of his pupil—‘put her -down to the foot of the class!’ - -‘Lave her alone,’ quoth the priest; ‘the lass may be right after all. -What do you or I know about it?’ - - - - -THE MONTH: - -SCIENCE AND ARTS. - - -Nearly seven millions sterling have been already expended upon the -Panama Canal works, and according to all accounts, there is plenty -to show for the money. The channel is being dredged out by enormous -machines, which scoop out the softer earth and operate upon the -debris of harder rocks, after the latter have been blasted. Colon, -the Atlantic terminus of the canal, has, from the miserable and dirty -little village which it presented some years ago, sprung into a -prosperous town. The dry season has unfortunately been an unhealthy -one, and there has been an epidemic of marsh-fever; but altogether we -may take the general report of the Canal works as a satisfactory one. -There is little doubt that the great work of uniting the Atlantic and -Pacific Oceans will be accomplished within very few years. - -News has been received by the Geographical Society that their intrepid -explorer, Mr Joseph Thomson, whose departure some months ago on an -expedition to the region east and north-east of Lake Victoria Nyanza -we briefly chronicled at the time, has safely returned to Zanzibar. -Little is at present known as to what he has done, further than that he -has successfully carried out his programme with the most satisfactory -feature that the work has been done without any loss of life except -from disease. We may look forward with great interest to Mr Thomson’s -account of this his third successful expedition, the more so, as this -time he has journeyed in a region of Africa untraversed by any previous -explorer, and about which, therefore, the knowledge possessed by our -best geographers is open to improvement. - -From a paper recently read before the Institution of Civil Engineers, -by Mr G. H. Stayton, upon the Wood-pavements of London, we glean the -following interesting particulars: The metropolis comprises nearly -two thousand miles of streets, of which only fifty-three miles are -at present laid with wood. Most of the wood used is in the form of -rectangular blocks of yellow deal, principally Swedish. Neither elm nor -oak will stand changes of temperature sufficiently well to fit them for -this purpose; but pitch-pine answers well, and so does larch; though -the supply of the latter limits its use. Creosoting the blocks has no -value as a preservative, and the wood is now used plain, the joints -being filled in with cement. The average cost of laying wood-pavement -is about ten shillings and sixpence per square yard, and the expenses -of maintenance compare very favourably with Macadam and other systems -of pavement. ‘There is nothing new under the sun,’ even in the matter -of wood-pavements, for we find, on reference to a _Mechanic’s Magazine_ -dated 1858, that wood-blocks, placed grain uppermost, as in all modern -systems, are distinctly advocated as having many advantages over -granite roads, diminution of cost and durability being among those -stated. - -It has become customary to speak of the present epoch as the ‘Iron -Age,’ in order to distinguish it from those two long periods of human -interest known respectively as the Stone Age and the Bronze Age. But -future historians may well be tempted to substitute the word steel -for iron, for it is an undoubted fact that improved processes of -manufacture, and the resulting easy and cheap production, are causing -steel to be widely substituted for its parent metal. In railways, -steel rails are now almost entirely replacing iron ones, and that -modification of the metal known as ‘mild steel’ is finding great -favour just now among shipbuilders. The Board of Trade have lately had -representations made to them that the superiority of steel over iron -for shipbuilding purposes should be officially recognised; and that -this request is well grounded, the following instances will go far to -prove. A steamer wrecked on the coast of the Isle of Wight remained -for ten days in stormy weather perched on a ledge of rocks without -breaking up. ‘If,’ says the engineer’s Report, ‘she had been built of -iron instead of steel, there is not a doubt that she would have gone to -pieces. The agent of another vessel wrecked at New Zealand last year -reports to the owner that the vessel was eventually released from her -rocky bed; ‘but, with a large number of passengers, would have been -lost, had it not been for the beautiful quality of the material of -which she is built, known as mild steel.’ - -But there is one branch of the metal trade which shows a continually -increasing activity, and which need not fear any rivalry from steel, -and that is the tinplate trade. Many thousands of tons of this tinned -iron—that is, thin sheets of iron coated with tin—are annually exported -from this country, our best customers being the United States. We -may presume that a large quantity of this metal comes back to us in -the form of tins containing preserved meats, fish, and fruit. In -Philadelphia, there are a number of factories for utilising these tins -after they have been used. They are collected from the ash-heaps, -the hotels and boarding-houses. The solder is melted and sold, to be -used again; the tops and bottoms of the tins are turned into window -sash-weights; the cylindrical portions are rolled out flat, and are -made into covers for travelling trunks, and are used for many other -purposes. The industry is said to be a very profitable one, for the -expense of gathering the tins is covered by the sale of the solder, and -the capital required is small. Such ingenious applications of waste -materials most certainly deserve to succeed. - -What is known as ‘flashed glass’ consists of common white glass blown -with a layer of coloured glass superposed on its surface, which surface -can afterwards be eaten away in parts by the application of fluoric -acid, so that any ornament or lettering can be executed upon it. The -same principle in an extended form has lately been applied by Messrs -Webb of Stourbridge to the production of most beautiful vases in what -has been aptly called cameo glass. The vase is first blown in glass of -three different descriptions, fused together, forming eventually three -distinct layers of material—the innermost of a semi-opaque colour, the -next white, and the outside of a tint to harmonise with the first or -innermost. Now comes the artist’s work. The design being drawn upon the -surface, the outer colour is removed so as to leave but a tint, deep or -light as may be wanted in certain parts; next, the white is cut into -so as to show up where required the ground colour behind. In this way -the most intricate design is produced with the most artistic results. -The operator employs not only fluoric acid, but makes use of the steel -point, and also the ordinary emery wheel commonly used for engraving -and cutting glass. Two of these vases are, as we write, on view at Mr -Goode’s, South Audley Street, London. - -The first cable tramway laid in Europe has been opened on the steepest -bit of road near London—namely, Highgate Hill, and is pronounced on -all hands a complete success. It is to be hoped that the system will -become as common in this country as it is in America, where not only -steep gradients are thus dealt with, but level roads, such as our horse -tramcars already traverse. The boon to horses would be immeasurable. -At the present time, on British tramways more than twenty thousand -horses are at work. The labour is so hard, that about one quarter of -this number have annually to be replaced. This annual loss absorbs -forty-three per cent. of the gross earnings, a consideration which will -appeal more eloquently to the feelings of many than will the sufferings -of the poor horses. - -Referring to the epidemic of smallpox in London, a correspondent of -the _Times_ gives a valuable suggestion. He tells how an epidemic -of the same dreaded disease was quickly stamped out in a South -American village some years ago, and although our great metropolis -bears but small resemblance to a village, the remedy in question -might nevertheless be tried. Huge bonfires of old creosoted railway -sleepers were made in the streets, and gas-tar was added occasionally -to stimulate the flames. In the meantime, every house where a death -or recovery occurred was lime-washed. With these precautions, which -are manifestly applicable to other zymotic diseases, the visitation -speedily vanished. Concerning this all-important subject we may have -something further to say in a special paper. - -Meanwhile, there is no kind of doubt that the spread of infectious -disease is attributable in great measure to personal ignorance, -commonly called carelessness, as well as to that entire indifference -as to the welfare of others which is so common to human nature. Some -time since, an advertisement appeared to the following effect: ‘Should -this meet the eye of the lady who travelled (by a particular train) -with her two boys, one of whom was evidently just recovering from an -illness, she may be pleased to learn that three of the four young -ladies who were in the carriage are very ill with the measles.’ This is -surpassed by a statement contained in a recent letter in the _Times_. -A lady, finding that her boys, on recovering from a severe attack of -scarlatina, suffered much from dandruff (the scales which separate from -the scalp, and which, in fever, are a prolific source of contagion), -took the sufferers to a leading West End hairdresser’s, so that their -heads could receive a thorough cleansing with the machine-brush! - -We would in this connection draw attention to a novel system of -providing for smallpox cases with the least amount of risk to others, -which is established by the Metropolitan Asylums Board of London, and -which will undergo in time further development. In addition to the -five hospitals in different parts of London which have been opened -whenever a fresh epidemic has broken out, there is a very elaborate -ambulance system, by which a suitable carriage with a nurse and -porter is despatched, as soon as notice is received, to the patient’s -place of residence and removes the patient to the nearest hospital. -This has been at work for some years; but in addition there are -three ships moored on the Thames opposite Purfleet, two of which are -hospital ships, the third being used as a residence for the staff, -and containing offices, kitchens, workshops, &c. Some four miles -inland there is a convalescent camp, consisting of tents for about one -thousand patients, each heated and lighted by gas, and suitably fitted -for the purpose in every way. - -To convey patients to the ships, an ambulance steamer runs as often -as required, being fitted up as a travelling hospital, with beds, -&c., and having a medical and nursing staff. Patients are removed to -the river-side either direct from their homes, or from the hospitals, -usually on comfortable beds, and carried on board the steamer, and -thence down the river. Another steamer brings the recovered cases back; -and when landed, they are conveyed in special carriages to their homes, -free from infection in person and clothing. - -So far the problem of how to provide for an epidemic of smallpox in -London is in a fair way of being solved, by a system which, though -still in its earliest stage, is daily undergoing development and -improvement. When yet another steamer is fitted out, there will be -no difficulty in coping with a much larger epidemic than has visited -London for many years, and at the same time treating patients with an -amount of attention almost unknown till now. - -The proposal to revive the art of lacemaking in Ireland, to which -we adverted some months ago, has now received more definite form. A -scheme has been framed under the auspices of many influential persons, -the chief features of which are as follows: Original designs are to -be purchased under the advice of the best authorities on the subject. -These designs will be sent to the lacemaking centres for execution. The -specimens will then be exhibited and offered for sale. The expenses to -set this machinery at work will amount to about five hundred pounds, -much of which is already subscribed. Full information as to the project -can be obtained from Mr Alan Cole, of the South Kensington Museum. - -Dr Von Pettenkofer has, according to the _Lancet_, been lately paying -attention to the poisonous action of coal-gas on the human system, and -a few notes of authenticated cases may be serviceable to those who -pay little heed to an escape of gas so long as it does not in their -opinion assume dangerous dimensions. The cases quoted all refer to -escapes of gas into dwelling-houses after passing through a layer of -earth, and we may note that such escapes are difficult of detection, -for the earth robs the gas in great measure of its tell-tale odour. -At Roveredo, three women were killed in their sleep by an escape -from a broken pipe under the roadway thirty-five feet distant. At -Cologne, three of one family were carried off by a similar escape at -a distance of ninety-eight feet. At Breslau, a case is reported where -the escape was no less than one hundred and fifteen feet away from -its victim. It would seem that the dangerous constituent of coal-gas -is carbonic oxide, which usually forms about eight per cent. of the -vapour conveyed to our houses. Whether this noxious ingredient can, -like other impurities, be eliminated in the process of purification at -the gas-works, we do not know, but the question is certainly worth the -attention of the authorities. - -The Observatory on the summit of Ben Nevis, which our readers will -remember was opened in October last, will be completed this summer. The -observations already made confirm the anticipations as to the value of -a high level station, and the completion of the structure will add to -the efficiency of the work done, for hitherto the observers have been -cramped for space. A shelter for tourists forms part of the scheme, -and travellers will be able to obtain light refreshment there, and if -they desire it, can telegraph from the highest point in Britain to -their friends below. The cost of completion will absorb about eight -hundred pounds; but this estimate does not include the heavy outlay -for carriage of materials on horseback up the bridle-path already -constructed. It has been suggested that visitors on horseback using -this path should pay a toll of five shillings—a modest sum, when it is -considered that the expenses of maintenance are much increased by the -soil being loosened by the horse’s hoofs, especially when the ground is -in a soft condition. - -The small Chinese colony established at the International Health -Exhibition is one of the principal attractions of the place. Visitors -have now the opportunity of tasting various strange dishes which before -they had only heard of by report. The much extolled bird-nest soup can -be had here, together with shark-fins, _beches de mer_ (sea-slugs), -edibles made of different seaweeds, shredded cucumber peels mixed with -vinegar, and various other delicacies, which, we trust, are nicer -than they seem to be by mere description. We may note that the South -Kensington executive have already arranged for an Exhibition to follow -on the present one. It is to be called the Exhibition of Inventions, -and will include all kinds of appliances, one entire division being -devoted to musical instruments. - -A long-felt want by paper-rulers and others has now been supplied by -the new Patent Automatic Paper Feeding-machine. It has been invented -by Mr William Archer, 204 Rose Street, Edinburgh—a paper-ruler who -has spent his spare time during the last ten years in working it -out, and who has now succeeded in patenting a Ruling-machine which -is allowed to be the most accurate in use for feeding the paper in a -continuous stream, or feeding to grippers at given intervals. It can be -worked either by hand or steam-power, and it renders unnecessary the -employment of boys or girls as paper-feeders. It can also be applied to -hot rolling-machines; and it is expected that it will also be turned to -use in connection with printing, &c. - - - - -OCCASIONAL NOTES. - - -THE NEW ORGAN IN WESTMINSTER ABBEY. - -The old-new, or the new-old, organ of Westminster Abbey was formally -tried on the 24th of May, at the usual afternoon service, after which -a recital, which served to exhibit the extreme beauty and power of -some of the new work, was given. The new organ has fifty-six speaking -stops, besides many mechanical stops, couplers, &c., and is placed in -two lofty blocks, like the one in St Paul’s Cathedral, at the west -end of the two choir screens, only that in this case the player sits -between the two over the doorway of the choir. The magnificent oak -case, designed by Mr Pearson, has not yet been erected, because the -funds for the purpose—about fifteen hundred pounds—are not, as we -write, yet collected. The principal bellows are blown by a gas-engine, -and are placed in a vault below the cloisters, the pipes conveying the -air being nearly one hundred feet in length. A curious arrangement -exists to connect the keys with the pipes, which is done by tubes, -through which, on the key being pressed, wind, under heavy pressure, is -admitted, and acts instantly on a small bellows at the other end of the -tube. This, on being inflated, pulls down the pallet or valve under the -sound-board, and thus gives air to the pipe. This clever system is said -not to get out of order or to be affected by changes of temperature. - -It may be interesting to state that this organ was in the first -instance built by Schreider and Jordan so far back as 1730. Exactly a -hundred years after (1830) it was added to by Elliott; and again in -1848 and in 1868, Hill made many additions; and it has now been almost -completely reconstructed by Messrs Hill and Son, of the same well-known -firm. It may fairly be considered, with that in St Paul’s Cathedral, -and All Saints, Margaret Street, to take rank as one of the finest -church organs in London. - - -THE ANTHROPOMETRICAL LABORATORY AT THE HEALTH EXHIBITION. - -Without intending the smallest disrespect to our numerous readers, we -will venture to say that more than one will be inclined to ask the very -obvious question, ‘What is anthropometry?’ Well, this fine-sounding, -Greek-adapted name signifies the art of describing and recording, in a -schedule provided for that purpose, the particulars appertaining to the -condition, functions, powers, and capabilities of the human body and -limbs. Every person visiting the Laboratory at the Health Exhibition -can have his or her schedule filled up with a statement, ascertained -on the spot, of his name or initials, age, sex, occupation, place of -birth, colour of hair and eyes, height standing and sitting, weight, -length of span of arms, strength of squeeze and of pull, swiftness and -weight of direct fist-blow, capacity of chest, lungs, and breathing, -as measured by a spirometer, acuteness of vision as measured by a -test type, conditions of colour-sense, and acuteness of hearing. The -ascertaining of these particulars, and any others of a like nature -bearing immediately on the principal question, seems to be the especial -business of the art of anthropometry. It may be objected that the -collecting of these facts, though interesting enough to the individual -practised upon and his family, can be of no possible use beyond that -limit, or indeed anywhere else; but the gentleman who has originated -this novel and ingenious scheme (Mr Francis Galton) proposes to keep a -duplicate of the filled-up schedule which each person operated on will -receive; and by this means he hopes to obtain a very large number of -facts and statements, which will doubtless be ultimately arranged and -tabulated, and made good use of by the originator, who may possibly -submit them to the Registrar-general, or to the Statistical Society, -for enrolment amongst their curious records. It is, at anyrate, in -spite of its somewhat alarming Greek name, an interesting experiment. - - -ADVICE TO INTENDING EMIGRANTS. - -A correspondent in New South Wales writes to us as follows: ‘Australia -offers a wide field for the capitalist and the manual labourer, but -I should not advise others to try their fortunes here. For educated -persons, male or female, without capital, Australia is a death-trap. -Such persons would, according to my observation, do far better in -America, or in the English settlements in China. In China, young -gentlemen possessing no other fortune than a good education, are soon -employed in the warehouses and stores by the Chinese merchants, who -value Englishmen whenever they can get them to take charge of the more -responsible parts of their businesses. The Chinese Customs’ Departments -also are open to educated young Englishmen. But in Australia, brains -are not a marketable commodity; strong arms are more sought for. -The streets of Sydney are thronged with hundreds of educated young -Englishmen, who have come out here persuaded by their friends that work -is easily got, as well as money, which is not the case, except in one -or two kinds of labour. I know of scores of temperate young gentlemen -out here who have done all they could to find employment, and failed; -and at last have had to seek relief in the Refuge. Some commit suicide -out of sheer despair. - -‘No one, unless he can swing a pickaxe well and is possessed of plenty -of muscular strength, with not too much refinement in him, should think -of coming out here to earn his bread, much less make his “pile,” -unless he has some capital, say a few thousands, to start a warehouse, -or take up land and go in for sheep-farming. Sometimes young educated -men, who bring good letters of introduction and good characters also, -are given government situations, as I am thankful to say was the case -with me. But I should warn any educated young man who has no friends -here or capital, against coming to Australia. Even where he brings -letters, he often has great trouble to get a situation, as there are -so many colonials’ sons hanging about doing nothing. The towns are -overloaded with men, and the country is left untouched for want of -capital in the majority of those who come out here. - -‘Servants of all classes do well here; ten shillings per week and board -and lodging is the usual wage for female servants good or bad; and one -pound per week with board and lodging for male servants. Governesses -are an utter failure; hundreds are doing nothing here now; and when -they do get employed, they don’t do much better than at home; sixty -pounds with board and lodging is the usual salary; but they have to act -as nurses often as well, for that sum. - -‘My advice to young gentlemen and ladies who are thinking of giving up -their situations at home and emigrating to Australia in the hopes of -getting work and good salary, is—Don’t.’ - - -A CURIOUS DISEASE. - -The _London Medical Record_ quotes some information regarding a strange -disease that is met with in Siberia, and known to the Russians by the -name of ‘Miryachit.’ The person affected seems compelled to imitate -anything he hears or sees, and an interesting account is given of a -steward who was reduced to a perfect state of misery by his inability -to avoid imitating everything he heard and saw. One day the captain -of the steamer, running up to him, suddenly clapping his hands at the -same time, accidentally slipped, and fell hard on the deck. Without -having been touched, the steward instantly clapped his hands and -shouted; then, in helpless imitation, he, too, fell as hard, and almost -precisely in the same manner and position as the captain. This disease -has been met with in Java, where it is known as ‘Lata.’ In the case -of a female servant who had the same irresistible tendency to imitate -her mistress, the latter, one day at dessert, wishing to exhibit this -peculiarity, and catching the woman’s eye, suddenly reached across the -table, and seizing a large French plum, made pretence to swallow it -whole. The woman rushed at the dish and put a plum in her mouth, and, -after severe choking and semi-asphyxia, succeeded in swallowing it; but -her mistress never tried the experiment again. - - -ANOTHER UPHILL RAILWAY. - -The _Hôtel des Alpes_ at Chillon, and the _Hôtel de Mont Fleury_ -at Montreux, Switzerland, are situated at no great distance apart; -but the difference of elevation between the two is over two hundred -feet, and the incline very steep. To get over this difficulty, it is -intended to call in the aid of that mighty power which has of late -so prominently come to the front—electricity. After a long series of -carefully conducted experiments, it has been determined that an uphill -railway shall be constructed between the two hotels named, to be driven -by electricity. An electric motor will be placed on a car to drive a -cog-wheel; this wheel will gear into a central cogged rail, and by this -means draw or pull the car up the ascent. Conductors placed beside the -central rail will convey the current of the generator, which will be -kept going by a five-horse-power locomotive engine. It is, however, in -contemplation to drive the dynamo not by steam, but by water-power, -abundance of which, descending from the hills, can be had close by, and -only requires utilising. This railway will in many points resemble that -up the Righi, only that electricity will be its driving-power instead -of the odd-looking little engine so well known at the latter place; and -when it is completed, it will certainly be a great boon to travellers -frequenting these beautiful spots. - - - - -EVENING ON THE LAKE. - - - Upon the mountain-top the purple tints - Fade into mist; and the rich golden glow - Of the low-setting sun sinks to a gray - Subdued and tender. - - Home the eagle hies, - Swift, to his eyrie, his broad pinions stretched, - Bearing him onwards, seeming motionless - The while with rapid wing he cleaves the air, - As ship the waters: now the grousecock crows - On heathered knoll his vesper lullaby - To his dear mate. - - And from the silver lake, - Cradled in mountain-setting, echoing comes, - With rippling music on the air, the plash - Of dipping oars; and voices deep and low, - Mingled with women’s trebles, tuneful break - The evening silence! - - Grand indeed it is - To be amid these mountain solitudes; - And yet there is a sense of rest and calm, - Soothing the spirit—stealing o’er the heart - Like the soft notes of an Æolian harp, - Falling like balm upon the troubled soul, - And making the most worldly man to feel - That there is over earth a higher heaven! - - * * * * * - -The Conductor of CHAMBERS’S JOURNAL begs to direct the attention of -CONTRIBUTORS to the following notice: - -_1st._ All communications should be addressed to the ‘Editor, 339 - High Street, Edinburgh.’ - -_2d._ For its return in case of ineligibility, postage-stamps - should accompany every manuscript. - -_3d._ MANUSCRIPTS should bear the author’s full _Christian_ name, - Surname, and Address, legibly written; and should be written on - white (not blue) paper, and on one side of the leaf only. - -_4th._ Offerings of Verse should invariably be accompanied by a - stamped and directed envelope. - -_If the above rules are complied with, the Editor will do his best to -insure the safe return of ineligible papers._ - - * * * * * - -Printed and Published by W. & R. 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