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diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d7b82bc --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitattributes @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +*.txt text eol=lf +*.htm text eol=lf +*.html text eol=lf +*.md text eol=lf diff --git a/LICENSE.txt b/LICENSE.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6312041 --- /dev/null +++ b/LICENSE.txt @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +This eBook, including all associated images, markup, improvements, +metadata, and any other content or labor, has been confirmed to be +in the PUBLIC DOMAIN IN THE UNITED STATES. + +Procedures for determining public domain status are described in +the "Copyright How-To" at https://www.gutenberg.org. + +No investigation has been made concerning possible copyrights in +jurisdictions other than the United States. Anyone seeking to utilize +this eBook outside of the United States should confirm copyright +status under the laws that apply to them. diff --git a/README.md b/README.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..85f8fdf --- /dev/null +++ b/README.md @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +Project Gutenberg (https://www.gutenberg.org) public repository for +eBook #65917 (https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/65917) diff --git a/old/65917-0.txt b/old/65917-0.txt deleted file mode 100644 index 425d79c..0000000 --- a/old/65917-0.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,1072 +0,0 @@ -The Project Gutenberg eBook of Crater Lake National Park, Oregon -(1958), by Anonymous - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and -most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms -of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you -will have to check the laws of the country where you are located before -using this eBook. - -Title: Crater Lake National Park, Oregon (1958) - -Author: Anonymous - -Release Date: July 25, 2021 [eBook #65917] - -Language: English - -Produced by: Stephen Hutcheson and the Online Distributed Proofreading - Team at https://www.pgdp.net - -*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CRATER LAKE NATIONAL PARK, -OREGON (1958) *** - - - Cover: _Wizard Island. Llao Rock in the background._ - - - - - CRATER LAKE - NATIONAL PARK - OREGON - - - - - Contents - - - Welcome 3 - Discovery and History 4 - The Geological Story of Crater Lake 4 - Wildlife 7 - Map 8 - Forests and Wildflowers 10 - Interpretive Service 12 - What To See and Do 12 - How To Get to the Park 14 - Accommodations and Camping 14 - Miscellaneous Services 15 - Mission 66 15 - Administration 15 - Help Us Protect This Park 16 - Visitor Use Fees 16 - - [Illustration: National Park System] - - - - -The National Park System, of which this park is a unit, is dedicated to -conserving the scenic, scientific, and historic heritage of the United -States for the benefit and enjoyment of its people. - - [Illustration: Department of the Interior] - - UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR - Fred A. Seaton, _Secretary_ - NATIONAL PARK SERVICE, Conrad L. Wirth, _Director_ - - - - - CRATER LAKE - National Park - - - _Open All Year_—Regular Season, June 15 to September 15 - - - - - _Welcome_ - - -The superintendent and the staff of Crater Lake National Park welcome -you to this area of the National Park System. We hope that your stay -here will be pleasant and inspiring. - -Here in this park you encounter beauty—beauty in a wonderful combination -of form and substance and sparking color—great curving walls of rock and -sand, green spires of fir and hemlock, and the brilliant reflections of -Crater Lake. All this is a part of a remarkable volcanic story. - -On this spot, a few thousand years ago, stood the mighty 12,000-foot -volcano, Mount Mazama. This great mountain discharged a tremendous -quantity of ash and lava, causing the mountaintop to collapse, and -creating a caldera, which now contains the unbelievably blue Crater -Lake. It is the central feature of this 250-square-mile National Park on -the crest of the Cascade Range in southern Oregon. - -A major charm of Crater Lake is that the whole lake and its setting can -be taken in by the eye at one time. Yet its size is impressive. The lake -is about 20 square miles in area, 6 miles wide, and has 20 miles of -shoreline. The surrounding cliffs rise as much as 2,000 feet to the -uneven crater rim which averages about 7,000 feet in elevation. - - - - - WILD ANIMALS - -It is dangerous for you to get near wild animals though they may appear -tame. Some have become accustomed to humans, but they still are wild and -may seriously injure you if you approach them. Regulations prohibiting -feeding, teasing, touching, or molesting wild animals are enforced for -your safety. - - - - - _Discovery and History_ - - -The Klamath Indians knew of, but seldom visited Crater Lake. They -regarded the lake and the mountain as the battleground of the gods. The -lake was discovered on June 12, 1853, by John Wesley Hillman, a young -prospector leading a party in search of a rumored “Lost Cabin Mine.” -Having failed in their efforts, Hillman and his party returned to -Jacksonville, a mining camp in the Rogue River Valley, and reported -their discovery which they had named Deep Blue Lake. - -On October 21, 1862, Chauncey Nye, leading a party of prospectors from -eastern Oregon to Jacksonville, happened upon the lake. Thinking that -they had made a discovery, they named it Blue Lake. A third “discovery” -was made on August 1, 1865, by two soldiers stationed at Fort Klamath, -who called it Lake Majesty. In 1869 this name was changed to Crater Lake -by visitors from Jacksonville. - -Before 1885 Crater Lake had few visitors and was not widely known. On -August 15 of that year William Gladstone Steel, after 15 years of effort -to get to the lake, stood for the first time on its rim. Inspired by its -beauty, Steel conceived the idea of preserving it as a National Park. -For 17 years, with much personal sacrifice, he devoted time and energy -to this end. Success was realized when the park was established on May -22, 1902, with W. F. Arant as its first superintendent. Steel continued -to devote his life to development of the park, serving as its second -superintendent and later as park commissioner, which office he held -until his death in 1934. - - - - - _The Geological Story of Crater Lake_ - - -Origin of the Mountain. The slope, which you ascend to view the lake, -and the caldera wall rising 500 to 2,000 feet above the water, are -remnants of Mount Mazama. - -In comparatively recent geologic time, numerous volcanic peaks were -formed near the western edge of a vast lava plateau covering parts of -Oregon, Washington, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, and California. These are -the Cascade Range, of which Mount Mazama was one of the commanding -peaks. It was built by successive lava flows with some accumulation of -volcanic ash. The cone thus formed was modified by streams and glaciers -which carved valleys in its sides and deposited rock debris on its -flanks. The layered character and different formations of the mountain -are now clearly exposed in numerous places within the caldera wall. - - -Forming of Dikes. In addition to broad surface flows, it is common for -molten lava to be squeezed into cracks, or fissures, that develop in a -volcano. Such filling results in dikes, or walls, frequently harder than -the enclosing rock. At Crater Lake the destruction of the mountain and -subsequent erosion have exposed numerous dikes in the wall, of which the -Devil’s Backbone on the west wall is an outstanding example. - - -Action of Streams and Glaciers. In the layers forming the crater wall -there is evidence of the action of water. In some places this is shown -by the cutting of valleys; in others, by the accumulation of -water-carried gravel and boulders. - -Glacial ice, carrying sand, pebbles, and boulders, scratches and -polishes rock surfaces over which it moves. Glacial polish and thick -beds of glacial debris are common around the mountain. They occur on the -surface rock and between earlier layers, showing that glaciers existed -at various stages in the history of the mountain. - -U-shaped valleys, such as Kerr Notch, Sun Notch, and Munson Valley on -the southeast slope of Mount Mazama, are evidence of glaciation. The -lava flow which formed Llao Rock filled an ancient glacial notch. - - -Forming of the Caldera. Many geologists have concluded that the basin -occupied by the lake resulted from the collapse and subsidence of the -volcanic cone of Mount Mazama. This explanation was first proposed by J. -S. Diller, of the United States Geological Survey, who considered that -the support of the summit was weakened by drainage of great quantities -of molten rock through subterranean cracks. The pit thus formed grew -progressively larger in all directions, as is indicated by the broken -edges exposed around its rim today. Extensive study by Prof. Howel -Williams, of the University of California, led him to practically the -same conclusion. - -In his delightful, popular, and scientifically accurate book, _Crater -Lake, The Story of Its Origin_, Williams describes great quantities of -pumice extending more than 80 miles northeast of Mount Mazama. This -pumice was blown from the mountain in a catastrophic event and carried -northeastward by the prevailing winds. Analysis shows that this is -material derived from the heart of the volcano and not finely divided -fragments of the original mountain walls. - -Following this eruption, the crater is believed literally to have boiled -over, pouring out great quantities of frothy material as a series of -glowing avalanches. These avalanches must have traveled at a terrific -speed down the valleys, for those to the south and west did not begin to -deposit their load until they had reached a distance of 4 to 5 miles. -The greater quantity flowed down the mountain to the south and southwest -for distances up to 35 miles from the source. The total volume of the -ejected lava was about 5 cubic miles. It is believed that an additional -1.5 cubic miles of old rock were carried away at the same time. - -Accompanying these eruptions, which occurred within the past 7,000 -years, cracks developed in the flanks of the mountain so that the top -collapsed, being engulfed in the void produced by the ejection of the -pumice and lava and the withdrawal of 10 cubic miles of molten rock into -swarms of cracks that probably opened parallel to the axis of the -Cascade Range. Thus was formed the great pit that was to become Crater -Lake. - -By projecting the slopes of the mountain remnant upward, conforming to -the slopes of similar volcanoes, it has been estimated that -approximately 17 cubic miles of the upper part of ancient Mount Mazama -was destroyed by the collapse. - - -The Growth of Wizard Island. After the destruction of the peak, -volcanic activity within the caldera produced Wizard Island and perhaps -other cones. These cones rise above a relatively flat floor, the lowest -part of which is almost 2,000 feet below the surface of the present -lake. - - [Illustration: _Hillman Peak—Highest Point on Rim of Crater Lake_] - - -Origin of the Lake. The water of Crater Lake comes from rain and snow. -The average annual precipitation is 69 inches. The lake has no inlet and -no outlet, except seepage. Evaporation, seepage, and precipitation are -in a state of relative balance which maintains an approximately constant -water level. In 1957, the lake level was the highest recorded since -1908. There is an annual variation of from 1 to 3 feet, the level being -highest in spring and lowest in autumn. - - -Color of the Lake. The deep blue of the lake is believed to be caused -chiefly by the scattering of sunlight in water of exceptional depth and -clearness, the blue rays of sunlight being bent back upward, rays of -other colors being absorbed. - - - - - _Wildlife_ - - -Mammals. There are about 60 kinds, of which the golden-mantled ground -squirrels are among the most conspicuous. They resemble large chipmunks -but have stockier bodies, shorter tails and no stripes on their heads. -On each side there is a broad, white stripe sandwiched between two dark -stripes. Two species of true chipmunks with striped heads also are -numerous. The small, tree-inhabiting chickaree, dark brown above and -whitish below, is common; and the porcupine is frequently seen. It is -advisable to enjoy these and all other small mammals without actual -contact because occasionally they carry diseases which can become -serious if transmitted to humans. - -The large fat-bodied marmot (a mountain woodchuck) lives in high rocky -places and on roadsides. The plaintive bleating “yenk, yenk” of the tiny -“rock rabbit” (cony) issues from crevices in the talus. Snowshoe hares, -brown in summer and white in winter, are sparingly present around forest -clearings, such as at the south and east entrances. - -Martens are rather common; they are slim brown animals somewhat like -large minks but they can climb trees like squirrels. Less often seen are -weasels, badgers, minks, red foxes, and coyotes. The gray fox, bobcat, -and mountain lion (cougar) are rare. - -American black bears are fairly common and may be encountered in many -parts of the park. Usually they are black, but many shades of brown also -occur, just as hair color varies among people. Do not let bears get -close to you. Many people have been painfully clawed when these animals -have lost their natural fear of man and have learned to beg for food. DO -NOT FEED THE BEARS! Feeding them is unlawful, and violating this -regulation seriously endangers other park visitors by encouraging the -bears to beg. - -The comparatively small and dark “black-tailed” deer of the Pacific -Coast is the most common form, particularly on the west side of the -park. The larger, lighter-colored mule deer occurs around meadows on the -east side of the park, including Rim Drive. - - - - - _Map_ - - - [Illustration: Map] - - LET’S NOT BE GUILTY OF STARTING A FOREST FIRE. - ALWAYS USE CAR ASH TRAYS. - COMPLETELY EXTINGUISH MATCHES AND CIGARETTES BEFORE THROWING AWAY. - BE SURE CAMPFIRE IS OUT. - - -Birds. More than 120 kinds of birds have been recorded. On the rim, -the harsh-voiced Clark’s nutcracker is the most conspicuous. It is a -little larger and more heavily built than a jay and has a long sharp -bill. The bird’s overall color is light gray, the wings are black with a -large white patch, and the tail is conspicuously white with black -central tail feathers. Two jays are also numerous at times on the rim, -the dark-blue Steller’s jay which has a long, blackish crest, and the -uncrested gray jay (“camp robber”) which has a short bill, a dark patch -on the back of the head, a white crown, and whitish underparts. - -Eagle Crags have furnished nesting places for both the golden and -American eagles which sometimes may be seen flying over the lake. Llao -Rock is the home of falcons. Double-crested cormorants may perch on the -“masts” of the Phantom Ship, and California gulls are seen regularly on -the lake. The sooty grouse inhabits the fir forests from which its -ventriloquial booming call issues in the spring. Several species of -ducks and geese use the lake during migration, and the Barrow’s -golden-eye and merganser nest there occasionally. - -Other species most likely to be observed are the horned owl, red-tailed -hawk, sparrow hawk, nighthawk, rufous hummingbird, olive-sided -flycatcher, raven, mountain chickadee, red-breasted nuthatch, dipper -(along streams and on the lake shore), robin, hermit thrush, -russet-backed thrush, mountain bluebird, golden-crowned kinglet, Audubon -warbler, western tanager, evening grosbeak, Cassin purple finch, rosy -finch (vicinity of snow banks), pine siskin, Oregon junco, chipping -sparrow, and fox sparrow. - - - - - _Forests and Wildflowers_ - - -The virgin forests and wildflower meadows mantling the slopes, which one -ascends to view Crater Lake, are outstanding attractions enhancing the -scenic value of the lake. Scattered through the forests of predominantly -cone-bearing trees are a few broad-leaved species. Colorful meadows of -alpine wildflowers are found around numerous springs which form the -sources of many creeks on the outer slope of the mountain. - -Plants characteristic of four zones of vegetation are found within the -park, yielding over 570 species of ferns and flowering plants. Patches -of Douglas-firs, typical of the humid division of the upper Transition -Zone, occur in the region of the park lying on the western slope of the -Cascade Range. The semi-humid division of the zone, characterized by the -ponderosa pines, largest trees in the park, may be found at the south -entrance of the park. Associated with it are sugar pines, white firs, -and western white pines. Above the Transition is the Canadian Zone in -which occur lodgepole pines, Shasta red firs, alpine firs, and mountain -hemlocks. - -In the rim area around Crater Lake, Hudsonian Zone species are found. -These include mountain hemlocks (the most predominant trees in the -park), alpine firs, Shasta red firs, and whitebark pines. Stunted -whitebark pines predominate on the slopes of Mount Scott, the summit -being in the Alpine-Arctic Zone. - -During July and August, you will find Nature’s colorful displays of -alpine wildflowers on the road between park headquarters and Rim Village -and along the trails on the crater rim. These displays change with each -week of the short flowering season. - - [Illustration: _Phantom Ship. Applegate and Garfield Peaks are - reflected in Crater Lake._] - -Castle Crest Wildflower Garden, near park headquarters, is one of the -most attractive and ideal places for viewing and studying Crater Lake -flora. Throughout the summer, you may study the exhibits of fresh -flowers displayed at the Information Building in the Rim Village. - - - - - _Interpretive Service_ - - -During the summer, daily interpretive service is scheduled by the -National Park Service. Informal talks are given at Sinnott Memorial, and -evening programs are held in the Community House, both in Rim Village. -Field trips start from the Information Building on the rim just west of -the lodge. Rim Drive bus trips begin at the lodge. Boat trips, when in -operation, start at the foot of the Lake (Crater Wall) Trail. - -Programs of current interpretive activities are posted at several places -in the park. - -The Sinnott Memorial, with its broad terrace overlooking the lake, -serves as an orientation point. It is located close to the lodge and the -Rim Campground. Pictorial displays in the exhibit room portray artists’ -conceptions of the varying moods of the lake. Field glasses and a large -relief map of the region are located on the terrace. - - - - - _What to See and Do_ - - -Rim Drive. Many spectacular views may be had from numerous observation -points along this road which encircles the caldera. - - -Wizard Island. This symmetrical cinder cone, towering some 760 feet -above the surface of the lake, is reached by boat. A trail leads from -the shore to the crater, which is approximately 90 feet deep and 300 -feet in diameter. - - -The Phantom Ship. Rising about 160 feet above the waters of the lake, -this island resembles a ship under sail. The best views of the Phantom -Ship are obtained from the launches and from Kerr Notch along the Rim -Drive. - - -Garfield Peak. A 1.7-mile trail, east of the lodge, leads to Garfield -Peak. From its summit, elevation 8,060 feet, there is a magnificent view -of the lake and surrounding region. - - -The Watchman. This peak, on the west rim, may be reached by a -half-mile trail from the rim road. A rare panorama of the park and -surrounding country may be viewed from the fire lookout, 8,025 feet -above sea level and about 1,850 feet above the lake. - - -Cloudcap. On the east rim, and rising to an elevation of more than -8,000 feet, Cloudcap provides an excellent observation point. - - -Mount Scott. East of Cloudcap is Mount Scott, the highest point in the -park, reaching an altitude of 8,938 feet. Its summit, on which there is -a fire-lookout station, is accessible by a 2.5-mile trail from Rim -Drive. - - -The Pinnacles. In Wheeler Creek, near the east boundary of the park, -are slender spires of pumice. Some of the needles are 200 feet high. In -Sand Creek Canyon and Godfrey’s Glen, in Annie Creek Canyon, there are -other spires and fluted columns carved out of the soft volcanic material -by water erosion. - - -Other Places of Interest in the Park and Vicinity. Hillman Peak, 8,156 -feet, is the highest point on the rim, rising nearly 2,000 feet above -the lake. Palisade Point, Kerr Notch, and the Wineglass are low points -on the rim, being slightly more than 500 feet above the lake. - - [Illustration: _Natural ski run cut by old rock slide._] - - -Hiking. Besides the longer hikes mentioned in preceding paragraphs, -there are delightful short walks, such as along Discovery Point Trail on -the rim, and through Castle Crest Wildflower Gardens. - -Those who desire information about other interesting places in the park -and vicinity are invited to inquire at park headquarters or the -Information Building. - - -Fishing. Angling amid the scenic beauty of Crater Lake is an -experience long to be remembered. No fish were native to Crater Lake; -the first planting of rainbow trout was made in 1888 by William G. -Steel. In recent years only rainbow trout and sockeye (kokanee) salmon -have been planted. Trolling has proved to be the most successful method -of fishing. The daily limit is 10 fish per person. From about mid-July -to Labor Day, rowboats are available. Shore fishing usually may be -enjoyed from the latter part of June until late September, depending on -weather conditions. No license is needed to fish in Crater Lake. -Possession or use of fish as bait is not allowed. - - -Winter Visits. Since the park is open the year round, you may enjoy -Crater Lake’s fantasy of snowy splendor and participate in winter -sports. Two trails from the Rim Village to park headquarters are -maintained for skiers in winter. Professional ski meets are discouraged -and amateur sports encouraged. - -There are no overnight accommodations in the park from about September -15 to June 15, but warming-room facilities are provided at Rim Village. - -The west and south entrance roads to the Rim Village area are open to -motor travel. You should be well supplied with gasoline and oil, as they -are not available in the park in winter. Tire chains, tow rope, and -shovel are necessary accessories. - -Rangers are on duty to render service all year. - - - - - _How to Get to the Park_ - - -By Common Carrier. The Southern Pacific Railroad, several airlines, -and bus lines serve Medford, Klamath Falls, and Grants Pass, Oreg. -Pacific Trailways buses, operating on daily schedules through the park, -connect with points north and south from about June 15 to September 15. - - -By Automobile. Paved State highways connect with the park road system -at all entrances. State Route 62 connects the west entrance of the park, -through Medford, with U.S. 99, 199, and 101. It also leads from the -south entrance to U.S. 97. From the north entrance, connection is made -with U.S. 97 via State Route 230. The roads through the west and south -entrances to the rim are maintained as all-year roads. _The north -entrance road and Rim Drive are closed approximately September 25 to -July 1 depending on snow conditions._ - - - - - _Accommodations and Camping_ - - -Rim Village (900 feet above the lake) includes the lodge, sleeping -cabins, cafeteria, store, campground, picnic area, Community House, -Information Building, and Sinnott Memorial. The lake is accessible by -trail from Rim Village. - - -Accommodations, which include sleeping cabins and single and double -rooms at the lodge, are available from about June 15 to September 15. -Information regarding rates may be obtained from the Crater Lake -National Park Company (winter address, Box 968, Spokane, Wash.; summer, -Crater Lake, Oreg.). It is imperative that reservations be made well in -advance and be accompanied by a deposit and a request for confirmation -of availability. - -There are dining-room facilities in the lodge. The cafeteria, which is -near the campground and cabins, is open from 7 a. m. to 8:30 p. m. - - -Campgrounds. There are three main campgrounds open from about July 1 -to September 30. _Mazama Campground_, near the junction of the south and -west entrance roads, and _Rim Campground_, close to Rim Village, have -fireplaces, tables, water and flush toilets. _Lost Creek Campground_ in -the southeast part of the park and 12 miles from park headquarters, has -fireplaces, tables, and water, but toilets are most primitive. - -Camping is limited to 30 days. No reservations for campsites can be -made. - - - - - _Miscellaneous Services_ - - -Launches and Rowboats. A number of trips are made daily, during the -summer, by launch from the boatlanding at the foot of the lake trail to -Wizard Island. Private boats are not permitted on the lake, but rowboats -may be hired at the boatlanding. - -One of the popular attractions is the 2½-hour launch trip around the -lake, leaving the boatlanding at 9 o’clock each morning during the -boating season. A naturalist accompanies this trip. Boating services are -provided by the Crater Lake National Park Company. - - -Other Services. The post office and long-distance telephone and -telegraph services are located in the administration building at park -headquarters. The post office address is Crater Lake, Oreg. Guests of -the Crater Lake National Park Company should have mail addressed in care -of Crater Lake Lodge to insure prompt delivery. - -A gasoline station is maintained during summer on the road near park -headquarters. No storage or repair facilities, however, are available -within the park. In case of accident or mechanical failure, towing -service must be obtained from outside the park. - -Time and place of church services are posted in the lodge, information -building, and cafeteria. - - - - - _Mission 66_ - - -Mission 66 is a program designed to be completed by 1966 which will -assure the maximum protection of the scenic, scientific, wilderness, and -historic resources of the National Park System in such ways and by such -means as will make them available for the use and enjoyment of present -and future generations. - - - - - _Administration_ - - -Crater Lake National Park is administered by the National Park Service -of the United States Department of the Interior. A superintendent is in -immediate charge of the park, with offices in the administrative center, -3 miles from Rim Village. Communications regarding the park should be -addressed to the Superintendent, Crater Lake National Park, Crater Lake, -Oreg., during the summer and to Box 672, Medford, Oreg., from October to -June. - - - - - _PARK RANGERS AND NATURALISTS_ - -Park rangers are the protective force of the park. They are on duty to -enforce park regulations, and to help and advise you. Consult them if -you are in any difficulty. - -Park naturalists are here to help you understand the park. They, too, -welcome your observations and your inquiries. - - - - - _Help Us Protect This Park_ - - -Park regulations are designed for the protection of the natural features -and for your comfort and convenience. The following synopsis is for your -guidance: - -Fires. Light carefully and only in designated campgrounds. Extinguish -completely before leaving camp, even for a temporary absence. Do not -guess your fire is out—KNOW IT. One spark may start a forest fire, -destroy the beauty of the park, and endanger many lives. Throwing -burning materials from car windows constitutes a fire threat and is -unlawful in most western States. - -Camps. Use designated campgrounds and keep them clean. Burn combustible -rubbish on campfires, and place other refuse of all kinds in garbage -cans or pits provided for the purpose. Only down material may be used as -firewood. - -Trash. Do not throw paper, lunch refuse, or other trash over the rim, on -walks, trails, roads, or elsewhere. Carry until you can burn in camp or -place in receptacle. - -Trees, Flowers, and Animals. The destruction, injury, disturbance, or -removal in any way of trees, flowers, birds, or animals is prohibited in -order that everyone may enjoy the beauties of nature. - -Noises. Please do not be noisy in camp before 6 a. m. and after 10 p. m. -Many people come to the park for rest. - -Automobiles. Drive carefully. Speeds limits, which vary for different -sections of the park, are posted. - -Pets. When not in an automobile, dogs, cats, and other pets must be on -leash or otherwise under physical restrictive control at all times. They -are not permitted in the lodge, in the dining room, the store, other -public buildings or on any of the trails. - -Warning About Bears and Deer. Do not feed, touch, tease, or molest the -bears and deer. Bears will enter or break into automobiles if food that -they can smell is left inside. They will also rob your camp of -unprotected food supplies. - -Fishing. Open season: Streams, June 15-September 10; Crater Lake, when -trail is open. The limit is 10 fish per day for each person fishing. No -fishing license is necessary. Possession of bait fish, or the use -thereof as bait, is not allowed. - -Accidents. Report all accidents and injuries as soon as possible to the -ranger office at park headquarters. - -Complete rules and regulations are available at park headquarters. - - - - - _VISITOR USE FEES_ - - -Automobile, housetrailer, and motorcycle permit fees are collected at -entrance stations. When vehicles enter at times when entrance stations -are unattended, it is necessary that the permit be obtained before -leaving the park and be shown upon reentry. The fees applicable to the -park are not listed herein because they are subject to change, but they -may be obtained in advance of a visit by addressing a request to the -superintendent. - -All national park fees are deposited as revenue in the U. S. Treasury; -they offset, in part, appropriations made for operating and maintaining -the National Park System. - -Revised 1958 - - U. S. 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text-indent:-2em; } -.fnblock dt { text-align:justify; } -dl.catalog dd { font-style:italic; } -dl.catalog dt { margin-top:1em; } -.author { text-align:right; margin-top:0em; margin-bottom:0em; display:block; } - -dl.biblio dt { margin-top:.6em; margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em; text-align:justify; clear:both; } -dl.biblio dt div { display:block; float:left; margin-left:-6em; width:6em; clear:both; } -dl.biblio dt.center { margin-left:0em; text-align:center; text-indent:0; } -dl.biblio dd { margin-top:.3em; margin-left:3em; text-align:justify; font-size:90%; } -p.biblio { margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em; } -.clear { clear:both; } -p.book { margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em; } -p.review { margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em; font-size:80%; } -p.pcap { margin-left:0em; text-indent:0; text-align:center; margin-top:0; font-size:110%; } -p.pcapc { margin-left:4.7em; text-indent:0em; text-align:justify; } -span.attr { font-size:80%; font-family:sans-serif; } -span.pn { display:inline-block; width:4.7em; text-align:left; margin-left:0; text-indent:0; } -</style> -</head> -<body> -<p style='text-align:center; font-size:1.2em; font-weight:bold'>The Project Gutenberg eBook of Crater Lake National Park, Oregon (1958), by Anonymous</p> -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and -most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms -of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online -at <a href="https://www.gutenberg.org">www.gutenberg.org</a>. If you -are not located in the United States, you will have to check the laws of the -country where you are located before using this eBook. -</div> - -<p style='display:block; margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:1em; margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em'>Title: Crater Lake National Park, Oregon (1958)</p> - <p style='display:block; margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:0; margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em'>Author: Anonymous</p> -<p style='display:block; text-indent:0; margin:1em 0'>Release Date: July 25, 2021 [eBook #65917]</p> -<p style='display:block; text-indent:0; margin:1em 0'>Language: English</p> - <p style='display:block; margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:0; margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em; text-align:left'>Produced by: Stephen Hutcheson and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net </p> -<div style='margin-top:2em; margin-bottom:4em'>*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CRATER LAKE NATIONAL PARK, OREGON (1958) ***</div> -<div id="cover" class="img"> -<img id="coverpage" src="images/cover.jpg" alt="Crater Lake National Park, Oregon (1958)" width="800" height="1249" /> -</div> -<p class="pcap">Cover: <i>Wizard Island. Llao Rock in the background.</i></p> -<div class="box"> -<h1><span class="large"><span class="ss">CRATER LAKE</span></span> -<br /><span class="smaller">NATIONAL PARK -<br />OREGON</span></h1> -</div> -<h2 id="toc" class="center">Contents</h2> -<dl class="toc"> -<dt><a href="#c1">Welcome</a> 3</dt> -<dt><a href="#c2">Discovery and History</a> 4</dt> -<dt><a href="#c3">The Geological Story of Crater Lake</a> 4</dt> -<dt><a href="#c4">Wildlife</a> 7</dt> -<dt><a href="#c5">Map</a> 8</dt> -<dt><a href="#c6">Forests and Wildflowers</a> 10</dt> -<dt><a href="#c7">Interpretive Service</a> 12</dt> -<dt><a href="#c8">What To See and Do</a> 12</dt> -<dt><a href="#c9">How To Get to the Park</a> 14</dt> -<dt><a href="#c10">Accommodations and Camping</a> 14</dt> -<dt><a href="#c11">Miscellaneous Services</a> 15</dt> -<dt><a href="#c12">Mission 66</a> 15</dt> -<dt><a href="#c13">Administration</a> 15</dt> -<dt><a href="#c14">Help Us Protect This Park</a> 16</dt> -<dt><a href="#c15">Visitor Use Fees</a> 16</dt> -</dl> -<div class="img"> -<img src="images/p01.jpg" id="ncfig1" alt="National Park System" width="243" height="316" /> -</div> -<div class="box"> -<p>The National Park System, of which this park is a unit, is dedicated to conserving -the scenic, scientific, and historic heritage of the United States for the -benefit and enjoyment of its people.</p> -</div> -<div class="img"> -<img src="images/p01a.jpg" id="ncfig2" alt="Department of the Interior" width="305" height="314" /> -</div> -<p class="center">UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR -<br />Fred A. Seaton, <i>Secretary</i> -<br /><span class="smaller">NATIONAL PARK SERVICE, Conrad L. Wirth, <i>Director</i></span></p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_3">3</div> -<h1 title=""><span class="large"><span class="ss">CRATER LAKE</span></span> -<br /><span class="small">National Park</span></h1> -<p class="center small"><b><i>Open All Year</i>—Regular Season, June 15 to September 15</b></p> -<h2 id="c1"><span class="small"><i>Welcome</i></span></h2> -<p>The superintendent and the staff of -Crater Lake National Park welcome you -to this area of the National Park System. -We hope that your stay here will be -pleasant and inspiring.</p> -<p>Here in this park you encounter -beauty—beauty in a wonderful combination -of form and substance and sparking -color—great curving walls of rock and -sand, green spires of fir and hemlock, -and the brilliant reflections of Crater -Lake. All this is a part of a remarkable -volcanic story.</p> -<p>On this spot, a few thousand years -ago, stood the mighty 12,000-foot volcano, -Mount Mazama. This great mountain -discharged a tremendous quantity -of ash and lava, causing the mountaintop -to collapse, and creating a caldera, which -now contains the unbelievably blue -Crater Lake. It is the central feature of -this 250-square-mile National Park on -the crest of the Cascade Range in southern -Oregon.</p> -<p>A major charm of Crater Lake is that -the whole lake and its setting can be -taken in by the eye at one time. Yet its -size is impressive. The lake is about 20 -square miles in area, 6 miles wide, and -has 20 miles of shoreline. The surrounding -cliffs rise as much as 2,000 -feet to the uneven crater rim which averages -about 7,000 feet in elevation.</p> -<div class="box"> -<h3 class="center">WILD ANIMALS</h3> -<p>It is dangerous for you to get near wild animals though they may appear tame. -Some have become accustomed to humans, but they still are wild and may -seriously injure you if you approach them. Regulations prohibiting feeding, -teasing, touching, or molesting wild animals are enforced for your safety.</p> -</div> -<div class="pb" id="Page_4">4</div> -<h2 id="c2"><span class="small"><i>Discovery and History</i></span></h2> -<p>The Klamath Indians knew of, but -seldom visited Crater Lake. They regarded -the lake and the mountain as -the battleground of the gods. The lake -was discovered on June 12, 1853, by -John Wesley Hillman, a young prospector -leading a party in search of a rumored -“Lost Cabin Mine.” Having -failed in their efforts, Hillman and his -party returned to Jacksonville, a mining -camp in the Rogue River Valley, and -reported their discovery which they had -named Deep Blue Lake.</p> -<p>On October 21, 1862, Chauncey Nye, -leading a party of prospectors from eastern -Oregon to Jacksonville, happened -upon the lake. Thinking that they had -made a discovery, they named it Blue -Lake. A third “discovery” was made -on August 1, 1865, by two soldiers stationed -at Fort Klamath, who called it -Lake Majesty. In 1869 this name was -changed to Crater Lake by visitors from -Jacksonville.</p> -<p>Before 1885 Crater Lake had few visitors -and was not widely known. On -August 15 of that year William Gladstone -Steel, after 15 years of effort to -get to the lake, stood for the first time -on its rim. Inspired by its beauty, -Steel conceived the idea of preserving -it as a National Park. For 17 years, -with much personal sacrifice, he devoted -time and energy to this end. Success -was realized when the park was established -on May 22, 1902, with W. F. -Arant as its first superintendent. Steel -continued to devote his life to development -of the park, serving as its second -superintendent and later as park commissioner, -which office he held until his -death in 1934.</p> -<h2 id="c3"><span class="small"><i>The Geological Story of Crater Lake</i></span></h2> -<h3 class="inline"><span class="sc">Origin of the Mountain.</span></h3> -<p>The -slope, which you ascend to view the -lake, and the caldera wall rising 500 to -2,000 feet above the water, are remnants -of Mount Mazama.</p> -<p>In comparatively recent geologic time, -numerous volcanic peaks were formed -near the western edge of a vast lava -plateau covering parts of Oregon, -Washington, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, -and California. These are the Cascade -Range, of which Mount Mazama was -one of the commanding peaks. It was -built by successive lava flows with some -accumulation of volcanic ash. The cone -thus formed was modified by streams -and glaciers which carved valleys in its -sides and deposited rock debris on its -flanks. The layered character and different -formations of the mountain are -now clearly exposed in numerous places -within the caldera wall.</p> -<h3 class="inline"><span class="sc">Forming of Dikes.</span></h3> -<p>In addition to -broad surface flows, it is common for -molten lava to be squeezed into cracks, -or fissures, that develop in a volcano. -Such filling results in dikes, or walls, -frequently harder than the enclosing -rock. At Crater Lake the destruction of -the mountain and subsequent erosion -have exposed numerous dikes in the wall, -of which the Devil’s Backbone on the -west wall is an outstanding example.</p> -<h3 class="inline"><span class="sc">Action of Streams and Glaciers.</span></h3> -<p>In the layers forming the crater wall -there is evidence of the action of water. -In some places this is shown by the cutting -of valleys; in others, by the accumulation -of water-carried gravel and -boulders.</p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_5">5</div> -<p>Glacial ice, carrying sand, pebbles, and -boulders, scratches and polishes rock -surfaces over which it moves. Glacial -polish and thick beds of glacial debris -are common around the mountain. They -occur on the surface rock and between -earlier layers, showing that glaciers existed -at various stages in the history of -the mountain.</p> -<p><span class="ss">U</span>-shaped valleys, such as Kerr Notch, -Sun Notch, and Munson Valley on the -southeast slope of Mount Mazama, are -evidence of glaciation. The lava flow -which formed Llao Rock filled an ancient -glacial notch.</p> -<h3 class="inline"><span class="sc">Forming of the Caldera.</span></h3> -<p>Many -geologists have concluded that the basin -occupied by the lake resulted from the -collapse and subsidence of the volcanic -cone of Mount Mazama. This explanation -was first proposed by J. S. Diller, -of the United States Geological Survey, -who considered that the support of the -summit was weakened by drainage of -great quantities of molten rock through -subterranean cracks. The pit thus formed -grew progressively larger in all directions, -as is indicated by the broken edges -exposed around its rim today. Extensive -study by Prof. Howel Williams, of -the University of California, led him to -practically the same conclusion.</p> -<p>In his delightful, popular, and scientifically -accurate book, <i>Crater Lake, The -Story of Its Origin</i>, Williams describes -great quantities of pumice extending -more than 80 miles northeast of Mount -Mazama. This pumice was blown from -the mountain in a catastrophic event and -carried northeastward by the prevailing -winds. Analysis shows that this is material -derived from the heart of the -volcano and not finely divided fragments -of the original mountain walls.</p> -<p>Following this eruption, the crater is -believed literally to have boiled over, -pouring out great quantities of frothy -material as a series of glowing avalanches. -These avalanches must have -traveled at a terrific speed down the valleys, -for those to the south and west -did not begin to deposit their load until -they had reached a distance of 4 to 5 -miles. The greater quantity flowed -down the mountain to the south and -southwest for distances up to 35 miles -from the source. The total volume of -the ejected lava was about 5 cubic miles. -It is believed that an additional 1.5 cubic -miles of old rock were carried away at -the same time.</p> -<p>Accompanying these eruptions, which -occurred within the past 7,000 years, -cracks developed in the flanks of the -mountain so that the top collapsed, being -engulfed in the void produced by the -ejection of the pumice and lava and the -withdrawal of 10 cubic miles of molten -rock into swarms of cracks that probably -opened parallel to the axis of the Cascade -Range. Thus was formed the great -pit that was to become Crater Lake.</p> -<p>By projecting the slopes of the mountain -remnant upward, conforming to the -slopes of similar volcanoes, it has been -estimated that approximately 17 cubic -miles of the upper part of ancient Mount -Mazama was destroyed by the collapse.</p> -<h3 class="inline"><span class="sc">The Growth of Wizard Island.</span></h3> -<p>After the destruction of the peak, volcanic -activity within the caldera produced -Wizard Island and perhaps other cones. -These cones rise above a relatively flat -floor, the lowest part of which is almost -2,000 feet below the surface of the -present lake.</p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_6">6</div> -<div class="img" id="fig1"> -<img src="images/p02.jpg" alt="" width="800" height="1297" /> -<p class="pcap"><i>Hillman Peak—Highest Point on Rim of Crater Lake</i></p> -</div> -<div class="pb" id="Page_7">7</div> -<h3 class="inline"><span class="sc">Origin of the Lake.</span></h3> -<p>The water of -Crater Lake comes from rain and snow. -The average annual precipitation is 69 -inches. The lake has no inlet and no -outlet, except seepage. Evaporation, -seepage, and precipitation are in a state -of relative balance which maintains an -approximately constant water level. In -1957, the lake level was the highest recorded -since 1908. There is an annual -variation of from 1 to 3 feet, the level -being highest in spring and lowest in -autumn.</p> -<h3 class="inline"><span class="sc">Color of the Lake.</span></h3> -<p>The deep blue -of the lake is believed to be caused chiefly -by the scattering of sunlight in water of -exceptional depth and clearness, the blue -rays of sunlight being bent back upward, -rays of other colors being absorbed.</p> -<h2 id="c4"><span class="small"><i>Wildlife</i></span></h2> -<h3 class="inline"><span class="sc">Mammals.</span></h3> -<p>There are about 60 kinds, -of which the golden-mantled ground -squirrels are among the most conspicuous. -They resemble large chipmunks -but have stockier bodies, shorter tails -and no stripes on their heads. On each -side there is a broad, white stripe sandwiched -between two dark stripes. Two -species of true chipmunks with striped -heads also are numerous. The small, -tree-inhabiting chickaree, dark brown -above and whitish below, is common; -and the porcupine is frequently seen. -It is advisable to enjoy these and all -other small mammals without actual -contact because occasionally they carry -diseases which can become serious if -transmitted to humans.</p> -<p>The large fat-bodied marmot (a mountain -woodchuck) lives in high rocky -places and on roadsides. The plaintive -bleating “yenk, yenk” of the tiny “rock -rabbit” (cony) issues from crevices in -the talus. Snowshoe hares, brown in -summer and white in winter, are sparingly -present around forest clearings, -such as at the south and east entrances.</p> -<p>Martens are rather common; they are -slim brown animals somewhat like large -minks but they can climb trees like -squirrels. Less often seen are weasels, -badgers, minks, red foxes, and coyotes. -The gray fox, bobcat, and mountain lion -(cougar) are rare.</p> -<p>American black bears are fairly common -and may be encountered in many -parts of the park. Usually they are -black, but many shades of brown also -occur, just as hair color varies among -people. Do not let bears get close to -you. Many people have been painfully -clawed when these animals have lost -their natural fear of man and have -learned to beg for food. DO NOT -FEED THE BEARS! Feeding them is -unlawful, and violating this regulation -seriously endangers other park visitors -by encouraging the bears to beg.</p> -<p>The comparatively small and dark -“black-tailed” deer of the Pacific Coast -is the most common form, particularly -on the west side of the park. The larger, -lighter-colored mule deer occurs around -meadows on the east side of the park, -including Rim Drive.</p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_8">8</div> -<h2 id="c5"><span class="small"><i>Map</i></span></h2> -<div class="img"> -<img src="images/p03.jpg" id="ncfig3" alt="Map" width="1200" height="1786" /> -</div> -<p class="center smaller"><span class="ssn">LET’S NOT BE GUILTY OF STARTING A FOREST FIRE. -<br />ALWAYS USE CAR ASH TRAYS. -<br />COMPLETELY EXTINGUISH MATCHES AND CIGARETTES BEFORE THROWING AWAY. -<br />BE SURE CAMPFIRE IS OUT.</span></p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_10">10</div> -<h3 class="inline"><span class="sc">Birds.</span></h3> -<p>More than 120 kinds of birds -have been recorded. On the rim, the -harsh-voiced Clark’s nutcracker is the -most conspicuous. It is a little larger -and more heavily built than a jay and -has a long sharp bill. The bird’s overall -color is light gray, the wings are -black with a large white patch, and the -tail is conspicuously white with black -central tail feathers. Two jays are also -numerous at times on the rim, the dark-blue -Steller’s jay which has a long, -blackish crest, and the uncrested gray -jay (“camp robber”) which has a short -bill, a dark patch on the back of the head, -a white crown, and whitish underparts.</p> -<p>Eagle Crags have furnished nesting -places for both the golden and American -eagles which sometimes may be seen -flying over the lake. Llao Rock is the -home of falcons. Double-crested cormorants -may perch on the “masts” of -the Phantom Ship, and California gulls -are seen regularly on the lake. The -sooty grouse inhabits the fir forests from -which its ventriloquial booming call -issues in the spring. Several species of -ducks and geese use the lake during -migration, and the Barrow’s golden-eye -and merganser nest there occasionally.</p> -<p>Other species most likely to be observed -are the horned owl, red-tailed -hawk, sparrow hawk, nighthawk, rufous -hummingbird, olive-sided flycatcher, -raven, mountain chickadee, red-breasted -nuthatch, dipper (along streams and on -the lake shore), robin, hermit thrush, -russet-backed thrush, mountain bluebird, -golden-crowned kinglet, Audubon warbler, -western tanager, evening grosbeak, -Cassin purple finch, rosy finch (vicinity -of snow banks), pine siskin, Oregon -junco, chipping sparrow, and fox -sparrow.</p> -<h2 id="c6"><span class="small"><i>Forests and Wildflowers</i></span></h2> -<p>The virgin forests and wildflower -meadows mantling the slopes, which one -ascends to view Crater Lake, are outstanding -attractions enhancing the scenic -value of the lake. Scattered through the -forests of predominantly cone-bearing -trees are a few broad-leaved species. -Colorful meadows of alpine wildflowers -are found around numerous springs -which form the sources of many creeks -on the outer slope of the mountain.</p> -<p>Plants characteristic of four zones of -vegetation are found within the park, -yielding over 570 species of ferns and -flowering plants. Patches of Douglas-firs, -typical of the humid division of -the upper Transition Zone, occur in the -region of the park lying on the western -slope of the Cascade Range. The semi-humid -division of the zone, characterized -by the ponderosa pines, largest trees in -the park, may be found at the south entrance -of the park. Associated with it -are sugar pines, white firs, and western -white pines. Above the Transition is -the Canadian Zone in which occur lodgepole -pines, Shasta red firs, alpine firs, -and mountain hemlocks.</p> -<p>In the rim area around Crater Lake, -Hudsonian Zone species are found. -These include mountain hemlocks (the -most predominant trees in the park), -alpine firs, Shasta red firs, and whitebark -pines. Stunted whitebark pines -predominate on the slopes of Mount -Scott, the summit being in the Alpine-Arctic -Zone.</p> -<p>During July and August, you will find -Nature’s colorful displays of alpine wildflowers -on the road between park headquarters -and Rim Village and along the -trails on the crater rim. These displays -change with each week of the short flowering -season.</p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_11">11</div> -<div class="img" id="fig2"> -<img src="images/p04.jpg" alt="" width="800" height="1308" /> -<p class="pcap"><i>Phantom Ship. Applegate and Garfield Peaks are reflected in Crater Lake.</i></p> -</div> -<div class="pb" id="Page_12">12</div> -<p>Castle Crest Wildflower Garden, near -park headquarters, is one of the most -attractive and ideal places for viewing -and studying Crater Lake flora. -Throughout the summer, you may study -the exhibits of fresh flowers displayed -at the Information Building in the Rim -Village.</p> -<h2 id="c7"><span class="small"><i>Interpretive Service</i></span></h2> -<p>During the summer, daily interpretive -service is scheduled by the National -Park Service. Informal talks are given -at Sinnott Memorial, and evening programs -are held in the Community House, -both in Rim Village. Field trips start -from the Information Building on the -rim just west of the lodge. Rim Drive -bus trips begin at the lodge. Boat trips, -when in operation, start at the foot of -the Lake (Crater Wall) Trail.</p> -<p>Programs of current interpretive activities -are posted at several places in the -park.</p> -<p>The Sinnott Memorial, with its broad -terrace overlooking the lake, serves as -an orientation point. It is located close -to the lodge and the Rim Campground. -Pictorial displays in the exhibit room -portray artists’ conceptions of the varying -moods of the lake. Field glasses -and a large relief map of the region are -located on the terrace.</p> -<h2 id="c8"><span class="small"><i>What to See and Do</i></span></h2> -<h3 class="inline"><span class="sc">Rim Drive.</span></h3> -<p>Many spectacular views -may be had from numerous observation -points along this road which encircles -the caldera.</p> -<h3 class="inline"><span class="sc">Wizard Island.</span></h3> -<p>This symmetrical -cinder cone, towering some 760 feet -above the surface of the lake, is reached -by boat. A trail leads from the shore -to the crater, which is approximately 90 -feet deep and 300 feet in diameter.</p> -<h3 class="inline"><span class="sc">The Phantom Ship.</span></h3> -<p>Rising about -160 feet above the waters of the lake, -this island resembles a ship under sail. -The best views of the Phantom Ship are -obtained from the launches and from -Kerr Notch along the Rim Drive.</p> -<h3 class="inline"><span class="sc">Garfield Peak.</span></h3> -<p>A 1.7-mile trail, -east of the lodge, leads to Garfield Peak. -From its summit, elevation 8,060 feet, -there is a magnificent view of the lake -and surrounding region.</p> -<h3 class="inline"><span class="sc">The Watchman.</span></h3> -<p>This peak, on the -west rim, may be reached by a half-mile -trail from the rim road. A rare panorama -of the park and surrounding country -may be viewed from the fire lookout, -8,025 feet above sea level and about -1,850 feet above the lake.</p> -<h3 class="inline"><span class="sc">Cloudcap.</span></h3> -<p>On the east rim, and rising -to an elevation of more than 8,000 -feet, Cloudcap provides an excellent -observation point.</p> -<h3 class="inline"><span class="sc">Mount Scott.</span></h3> -<p>East of Cloudcap is -Mount Scott, the highest point in the -park, reaching an altitude of 8,938 feet. -Its summit, on which there is a fire-lookout -station, is accessible by a 2.5-mile -trail from Rim Drive.</p> -<h3 class="inline"><span class="sc">The Pinnacles.</span></h3> -<p>In Wheeler Creek, -near the east boundary of the park, are -slender spires of pumice. Some of the -needles are 200 feet high. In Sand -Creek Canyon and Godfrey’s Glen, in -Annie Creek Canyon, there are other -spires and fluted columns carved out -of the soft volcanic material by water -erosion.</p> -<h3 class="inline"><span class="sc">Other Places of Interest in the Park and Vicinity.</span></h3> -<p>Hillman Peak, -<span class="pb" id="Page_13">13</span> -8,156 feet, is the highest point on the -rim, rising nearly 2,000 feet above the -lake. Palisade Point, Kerr Notch, and -the Wineglass are low points on the rim, -being slightly more than 500 feet above -the lake.</p> -<div class="img" id="fig3"> -<img src="images/p05.jpg" alt="" width="800" height="806" /> -<p class="pcap"><i>Natural ski run cut by old rock slide.</i></p> -</div> -<h3 class="inline"><span class="sc">Hiking.</span></h3> -<p>Besides the longer hikes -mentioned in preceding paragraphs, -there are delightful short walks, such -as along Discovery Point Trail on the -rim, and through Castle Crest Wildflower -Gardens.</p> -<p>Those who desire information about -other interesting places in the park -and vicinity are invited to inquire at -park headquarters or the Information -Building.</p> -<h3 class="inline"><span class="sc">Fishing.</span></h3> -<p>Angling amid the scenic -beauty of Crater Lake is an experience -long to be remembered. No fish were -native to Crater Lake; the first planting -of rainbow trout was made in 1888 -by William G. Steel. In recent years -only rainbow trout and sockeye (kokanee) -salmon have been planted. Trolling -has proved to be the most successful -method of fishing. The daily limit is -10 fish per person. From about mid-July -to Labor Day, rowboats are available. -Shore fishing usually may be enjoyed -from the latter part of June until -late September, depending on weather -conditions. No license is needed to fish -in Crater Lake. Possession or use of fish -as bait is not allowed.</p> -<h3 class="inline"><span class="sc">Winter Visits.</span></h3> -<p>Since the park is -open the year round, you may enjoy -Crater Lake’s fantasy of snowy splendor -and participate in winter sports. -<span class="pb" id="Page_14">14</span> -Two trails from the Rim Village to -park headquarters are maintained for -skiers in winter. Professional ski meets -are discouraged and amateur sports -encouraged.</p> -<p>There are no overnight accommodations -in the park from about September -15 to June 15, but warming-room -facilities are provided at Rim Village.</p> -<p>The west and south entrance roads -to the Rim Village area are open to motor -travel. You should be well supplied -with gasoline and oil, as they are not -available in the park in winter. Tire -chains, tow rope, and shovel are necessary -accessories.</p> -<p>Rangers are on duty to render service -all year.</p> -<h2 id="c9"><span class="small"><i>How to Get to the Park</i></span></h2> -<h3 class="inline"><span class="sc">By Common Carrier.</span></h3> -<p>The Southern -Pacific Railroad, several airlines, and bus -lines serve Medford, Klamath Falls, and -Grants Pass, Oreg. Pacific Trailways -buses, operating on daily schedules -through the park, connect with points -north and south from about June 15 to -September 15.</p> -<h3 class="inline"><span class="sc">By Automobile.</span></h3> -<p>Paved State highways -connect with the park road system -at all entrances. State Route 62 connects -the west entrance of the park, through -Medford, with U.S. 99, 199, and 101. -It also leads from the south entrance -to U.S. 97. From the north entrance, -connection is made with U.S. 97 via -State Route 230. The roads through the -west and south entrances to the rim are -maintained as all-year roads. <i>The north -entrance road and Rim Drive are closed -approximately September 25 to July 1 -depending on snow conditions.</i></p> -<h2 id="c10"><span class="small"><i>Accommodations and Camping</i></span></h2> -<p>Rim Village (900 feet above the lake) -includes the lodge, sleeping cabins, cafeteria, -store, campground, picnic area, -Community House, Information Building, -and Sinnott Memorial. The lake is -accessible by trail from Rim Village.</p> -<h3 class="inline"><span class="sc">Accommodations,</span></h3> -<p>which include -sleeping cabins and single and double -rooms at the lodge, are available from -about June 15 to September 15. Information -regarding rates may be obtained -from the Crater Lake National Park -Company (winter address, Box 968, -Spokane, Wash.; summer, Crater Lake, -Oreg.). It is imperative that reservations -be made well in advance and be -accompanied by a deposit and a request -for confirmation of availability.</p> -<p>There are dining-room facilities in the -lodge. The cafeteria, which is near the -campground and cabins, is open from 7 -a. m. to 8:30 p. m.</p> -<h3 class="inline"><span class="sc">Campgrounds.</span></h3> -<p>There are three -main campgrounds open from about July -1 to September 30. <i>Mazama Campground</i>, -near the junction of the south -and west entrance roads, and <i>Rim Campground</i>, -close to Rim Village, have fireplaces, -tables, water and flush toilets. -<i>Lost Creek Campground</i> in the southeast -part of the park and 12 miles from -park headquarters, has fireplaces, tables, -and water, but toilets are most primitive.</p> -<p>Camping is limited to 30 days. No -reservations for campsites can be made.</p> -<div class="pb" id="Page_15">15</div> -<h2 id="c11"><span class="small"><i>Miscellaneous Services</i></span></h2> -<h3 class="inline"><span class="sc">Launches and Rowboats.</span></h3> -<p>A number -of trips are made daily, during the -summer, by launch from the boatlanding -at the foot of the lake trail to -Wizard Island. Private boats are not -permitted on the lake, but rowboats -may be hired at the boatlanding.</p> -<p>One of the popular attractions is the -2½-hour launch trip around the lake, -leaving the boatlanding at 9 o’clock each -morning during the boating season. A -naturalist accompanies this trip. Boating -services are provided by the Crater -Lake National Park Company.</p> -<h3 class="inline"><span class="sc">Other Services.</span></h3> -<p>The post office -and long-distance telephone and telegraph -services are located in the administration -building at park headquarters. -The post office address is Crater Lake, -Oreg. Guests of the Crater Lake National -Park Company should have mail -addressed in care of Crater Lake Lodge -to insure prompt delivery.</p> -<p>A gasoline station is maintained during -summer on the road near park headquarters. -No storage or repair facilities, -however, are available within the park. -In case of accident or mechanical failure, -towing service must be obtained from -outside the park.</p> -<p>Time and place of church services are -posted in the lodge, information building, -and cafeteria.</p> -<h2 id="c12"><span class="small"><i>Mission 66</i></span></h2> -<p>Mission 66 is a program designed to be -completed by 1966 which will assure the -maximum protection of the scenic, scientific, -wilderness, and historic resources -of the National Park System in such ways -and by such means as will make them -available for the use and enjoyment of -present and future generations.</p> -<h2 id="c13"><span class="small"><i>Administration</i></span></h2> -<p>Crater Lake National Park is administered -by the National Park Service of -the United States Department of the Interior. -A superintendent is in immediate -charge of the park, with offices in -the administrative center, 3 miles from -Rim Village. Communications regarding -the park should be addressed to the -Superintendent, Crater Lake National -Park, Crater Lake, Oreg., during the -summer and to Box 672, Medford, -Oreg., from October to June.</p> -<div class="box"> -<p class="center"><i class="b">PARK RANGERS AND NATURALISTS</i></p> -<p>Park rangers are the protective force of the park. They are on duty to enforce -park regulations, and to help and advise you. Consult them if you are in -any difficulty.</p> -<p>Park naturalists are here to help you understand the park. They, too, welcome -your observations and your inquiries.</p> -</div> -<div class="pb" id="Page_16">16</div> -<h2 id="c14"><span class="small"><i>Help Us Protect This Park</i></span></h2> -<p class="tb">Park regulations are designed for the -protection of the natural features and -for your comfort and convenience. The -following synopsis is for your guidance:</p> -<p><span class="sc">Fires.</span> Light carefully and only in -designated campgrounds. Extinguish -completely before leaving camp, even for -a temporary absence. Do not guess your -fire is out—KNOW IT. One spark -may start a forest fire, destroy the beauty -of the park, and endanger many lives. -Throwing burning materials from car -windows constitutes a fire threat and is -unlawful in most western States.</p> -<p><span class="sc">Camps.</span> Use designated campgrounds -and keep them clean. Burn combustible -rubbish on campfires, and place other -refuse of all kinds in garbage cans or pits -provided for the purpose. Only down -material may be used as firewood.</p> -<p><span class="sc">Trash.</span> Do not throw paper, lunch -refuse, or other trash over the rim, on -walks, trails, roads, or elsewhere. -Carry until you can burn in camp or place -in receptacle.</p> -<p><span class="sc">Trees, Flowers, and Animals.</span> The -destruction, injury, disturbance, or removal -in any way of trees, flowers, birds, -or animals is prohibited in order that -everyone may enjoy the beauties of -nature.</p> -<p><span class="sc">Noises.</span> Please do not be noisy in -camp before 6 a. m. and after 10 p. m. -Many people come to the park for rest.</p> -<p><span class="sc">Automobiles.</span> Drive carefully. -Speeds limits, which vary for different -sections of the park, are posted.</p> -<p><span class="sc">Pets.</span> When not in an automobile, -dogs, cats, and other pets must be on -leash or otherwise under physical -restrictive control at all times. They -are not permitted in the lodge, in the -dining room, the store, other public -buildings or on any of the trails.</p> -<p><span class="sc">Warning About Bears and Deer.</span> -Do not feed, touch, tease, or molest -the bears and deer. Bears will enter or -break into automobiles if food that they -can smell is left inside. They will also -rob your camp of unprotected food -supplies.</p> -<p><span class="sc">Fishing.</span> Open season: Streams, June -15-September 10; Crater Lake, when -trail is open. The limit is 10 fish per -day for each person fishing. No fishing -license is necessary. Possession of -bait fish, or the use thereof as bait, is not -allowed.</p> -<p><span class="sc">Accidents.</span> Report all accidents and -injuries as soon as possible to the ranger -office at park headquarters.</p> -<p>Complete rules and regulations are -available at park headquarters.</p> -<div class="box"> -<h2 id="c15"><span class="small"><i>VISITOR USE FEES</i></span></h2> -<p>Automobile, housetrailer, and motorcycle permit fees are collected at entrance stations. -When vehicles enter at times when entrance stations are unattended, it is necessary that -the permit be obtained before leaving the park and be shown upon reentry. The fees -applicable to the park are not listed herein because they are subject to change, but they -may be obtained in advance of a visit by addressing a request to the superintendent.</p> -<p>All national park fees are deposited as revenue in the U. S. Treasury; they offset, in -part, appropriations made for operating and maintaining the National Park System.</p> -</div> -<p><span class="small">Revised 1958</span></p> -<p><span class="lr"><span class="ss smallest">U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1958—O-458046</span></span></p> -<h2 id="trnotes">Transcriber’s Notes</h2> -<ul> -<li>Silently corrected a few typos.</li> -<li>Retained publication information from the printed edition: this eBook is public-domain in the country of publication.</li> -<li>In the text versions only, text in italics is delimited by _underscores_.</li> -</ul> -<div style='display:block; margin-top:4em'>*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CRATER LAKE NATIONAL PARK, OREGON (1958) ***</div> -<div style='text-align:left'> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -Updated editions will replace the previous one—the old editions will -be renamed. -</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United -States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. 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