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+This eBook, including all associated images, markup, improvements,
+metadata, and any other content or labor, has been confirmed to be
+in the PUBLIC DOMAIN IN THE UNITED STATES.
+
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+
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+Project Gutenberg (https://www.gutenberg.org) public repository for
+eBook #65917 (https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/65917)
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-The Project Gutenberg eBook of Crater Lake National Park, Oregon
-(1958), by Anonymous
-
-This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and
-most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions
-whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms
-of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at
-www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you
-will have to check the laws of the country where you are located before
-using this eBook.
-
-Title: Crater Lake National Park, Oregon (1958)
-
-Author: Anonymous
-
-Release Date: July 25, 2021 [eBook #65917]
-
-Language: English
-
-Produced by: Stephen Hutcheson and the Online Distributed Proofreading
-             Team at https://www.pgdp.net 
-
-*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CRATER LAKE NATIONAL PARK,
-OREGON (1958) ***
-
-
-    Cover: _Wizard Island. Llao Rock in the background._
-
-
-
-
-                              CRATER LAKE
-                             NATIONAL PARK
-                                 OREGON
-
-
-
-
-                                Contents
-
-
-  Welcome                                                              3
-  Discovery and History                                                4
-  The Geological Story of Crater Lake                                  4
-  Wildlife                                                             7
-  Map                                                                  8
-  Forests and Wildflowers                                             10
-  Interpretive Service                                                12
-  What To See and Do                                                  12
-  How To Get to the Park                                              14
-  Accommodations and Camping                                          14
-  Miscellaneous Services                                              15
-  Mission 66                                                          15
-  Administration                                                      15
-  Help Us Protect This Park                                           16
-  Visitor Use Fees                                                    16
-
-    [Illustration: National Park System]
-
-
-
-
-The National Park System, of which this park is a unit, is dedicated to
-conserving the scenic, scientific, and historic heritage of the United
-States for the benefit and enjoyment of its people.
-
-    [Illustration: Department of the Interior]
-
-                UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
-                      Fred A. Seaton, _Secretary_
-           NATIONAL PARK SERVICE, Conrad L. Wirth, _Director_
-
-
-
-
-                              CRATER LAKE
-                             National Park
-
-
-        _Open All Year_—Regular Season, June 15 to September 15
-
-
-
-
-                               _Welcome_
-
-
-The superintendent and the staff of Crater Lake National Park welcome
-you to this area of the National Park System. We hope that your stay
-here will be pleasant and inspiring.
-
-Here in this park you encounter beauty—beauty in a wonderful combination
-of form and substance and sparking color—great curving walls of rock and
-sand, green spires of fir and hemlock, and the brilliant reflections of
-Crater Lake. All this is a part of a remarkable volcanic story.
-
-On this spot, a few thousand years ago, stood the mighty 12,000-foot
-volcano, Mount Mazama. This great mountain discharged a tremendous
-quantity of ash and lava, causing the mountaintop to collapse, and
-creating a caldera, which now contains the unbelievably blue Crater
-Lake. It is the central feature of this 250-square-mile National Park on
-the crest of the Cascade Range in southern Oregon.
-
-A major charm of Crater Lake is that the whole lake and its setting can
-be taken in by the eye at one time. Yet its size is impressive. The lake
-is about 20 square miles in area, 6 miles wide, and has 20 miles of
-shoreline. The surrounding cliffs rise as much as 2,000 feet to the
-uneven crater rim which averages about 7,000 feet in elevation.
-
-
-
-
-                              WILD ANIMALS
-
-It is dangerous for you to get near wild animals though they may appear
-tame. Some have become accustomed to humans, but they still are wild and
-may seriously injure you if you approach them. Regulations prohibiting
-feeding, teasing, touching, or molesting wild animals are enforced for
-your safety.
-
-
-
-
-                        _Discovery and History_
-
-
-The Klamath Indians knew of, but seldom visited Crater Lake. They
-regarded the lake and the mountain as the battleground of the gods. The
-lake was discovered on June 12, 1853, by John Wesley Hillman, a young
-prospector leading a party in search of a rumored “Lost Cabin Mine.”
-Having failed in their efforts, Hillman and his party returned to
-Jacksonville, a mining camp in the Rogue River Valley, and reported
-their discovery which they had named Deep Blue Lake.
-
-On October 21, 1862, Chauncey Nye, leading a party of prospectors from
-eastern Oregon to Jacksonville, happened upon the lake. Thinking that
-they had made a discovery, they named it Blue Lake. A third “discovery”
-was made on August 1, 1865, by two soldiers stationed at Fort Klamath,
-who called it Lake Majesty. In 1869 this name was changed to Crater Lake
-by visitors from Jacksonville.
-
-Before 1885 Crater Lake had few visitors and was not widely known. On
-August 15 of that year William Gladstone Steel, after 15 years of effort
-to get to the lake, stood for the first time on its rim. Inspired by its
-beauty, Steel conceived the idea of preserving it as a National Park.
-For 17 years, with much personal sacrifice, he devoted time and energy
-to this end. Success was realized when the park was established on May
-22, 1902, with W. F. Arant as its first superintendent. Steel continued
-to devote his life to development of the park, serving as its second
-superintendent and later as park commissioner, which office he held
-until his death in 1934.
-
-
-
-
-                 _The Geological Story of Crater Lake_
-
-
-Origin of the Mountain.   The slope, which you ascend to view the lake,
-and the caldera wall rising 500 to 2,000 feet above the water, are
-remnants of Mount Mazama.
-
-In comparatively recent geologic time, numerous volcanic peaks were
-formed near the western edge of a vast lava plateau covering parts of
-Oregon, Washington, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, and California. These are
-the Cascade Range, of which Mount Mazama was one of the commanding
-peaks. It was built by successive lava flows with some accumulation of
-volcanic ash. The cone thus formed was modified by streams and glaciers
-which carved valleys in its sides and deposited rock debris on its
-flanks. The layered character and different formations of the mountain
-are now clearly exposed in numerous places within the caldera wall.
-
-
-Forming of Dikes.   In addition to broad surface flows, it is common for
-molten lava to be squeezed into cracks, or fissures, that develop in a
-volcano. Such filling results in dikes, or walls, frequently harder than
-the enclosing rock. At Crater Lake the destruction of the mountain and
-subsequent erosion have exposed numerous dikes in the wall, of which the
-Devil’s Backbone on the west wall is an outstanding example.
-
-
-Action of Streams and Glaciers.   In the layers forming the crater wall
-there is evidence of the action of water. In some places this is shown
-by the cutting of valleys; in others, by the accumulation of
-water-carried gravel and boulders.
-
-Glacial ice, carrying sand, pebbles, and boulders, scratches and
-polishes rock surfaces over which it moves. Glacial polish and thick
-beds of glacial debris are common around the mountain. They occur on the
-surface rock and between earlier layers, showing that glaciers existed
-at various stages in the history of the mountain.
-
-U-shaped valleys, such as Kerr Notch, Sun Notch, and Munson Valley on
-the southeast slope of Mount Mazama, are evidence of glaciation. The
-lava flow which formed Llao Rock filled an ancient glacial notch.
-
-
-Forming of the Caldera.   Many geologists have concluded that the basin
-occupied by the lake resulted from the collapse and subsidence of the
-volcanic cone of Mount Mazama. This explanation was first proposed by J.
-S. Diller, of the United States Geological Survey, who considered that
-the support of the summit was weakened by drainage of great quantities
-of molten rock through subterranean cracks. The pit thus formed grew
-progressively larger in all directions, as is indicated by the broken
-edges exposed around its rim today. Extensive study by Prof. Howel
-Williams, of the University of California, led him to practically the
-same conclusion.
-
-In his delightful, popular, and scientifically accurate book, _Crater
-Lake, The Story of Its Origin_, Williams describes great quantities of
-pumice extending more than 80 miles northeast of Mount Mazama. This
-pumice was blown from the mountain in a catastrophic event and carried
-northeastward by the prevailing winds. Analysis shows that this is
-material derived from the heart of the volcano and not finely divided
-fragments of the original mountain walls.
-
-Following this eruption, the crater is believed literally to have boiled
-over, pouring out great quantities of frothy material as a series of
-glowing avalanches. These avalanches must have traveled at a terrific
-speed down the valleys, for those to the south and west did not begin to
-deposit their load until they had reached a distance of 4 to 5 miles.
-The greater quantity flowed down the mountain to the south and southwest
-for distances up to 35 miles from the source. The total volume of the
-ejected lava was about 5 cubic miles. It is believed that an additional
-1.5 cubic miles of old rock were carried away at the same time.
-
-Accompanying these eruptions, which occurred within the past 7,000
-years, cracks developed in the flanks of the mountain so that the top
-collapsed, being engulfed in the void produced by the ejection of the
-pumice and lava and the withdrawal of 10 cubic miles of molten rock into
-swarms of cracks that probably opened parallel to the axis of the
-Cascade Range. Thus was formed the great pit that was to become Crater
-Lake.
-
-By projecting the slopes of the mountain remnant upward, conforming to
-the slopes of similar volcanoes, it has been estimated that
-approximately 17 cubic miles of the upper part of ancient Mount Mazama
-was destroyed by the collapse.
-
-
-The Growth of Wizard Island.   After the destruction of the peak,
-volcanic activity within the caldera produced Wizard Island and perhaps
-other cones. These cones rise above a relatively flat floor, the lowest
-part of which is almost 2,000 feet below the surface of the present
-lake.
-
-    [Illustration: _Hillman Peak—Highest Point on Rim of Crater Lake_]
-
-
-Origin of the Lake.   The water of Crater Lake comes from rain and snow.
-The average annual precipitation is 69 inches. The lake has no inlet and
-no outlet, except seepage. Evaporation, seepage, and precipitation are
-in a state of relative balance which maintains an approximately constant
-water level. In 1957, the lake level was the highest recorded since
-1908. There is an annual variation of from 1 to 3 feet, the level being
-highest in spring and lowest in autumn.
-
-
-Color of the Lake.   The deep blue of the lake is believed to be caused
-chiefly by the scattering of sunlight in water of exceptional depth and
-clearness, the blue rays of sunlight being bent back upward, rays of
-other colors being absorbed.
-
-
-
-
-                               _Wildlife_
-
-
-Mammals.   There are about 60 kinds, of which the golden-mantled ground
-squirrels are among the most conspicuous. They resemble large chipmunks
-but have stockier bodies, shorter tails and no stripes on their heads.
-On each side there is a broad, white stripe sandwiched between two dark
-stripes. Two species of true chipmunks with striped heads also are
-numerous. The small, tree-inhabiting chickaree, dark brown above and
-whitish below, is common; and the porcupine is frequently seen. It is
-advisable to enjoy these and all other small mammals without actual
-contact because occasionally they carry diseases which can become
-serious if transmitted to humans.
-
-The large fat-bodied marmot (a mountain woodchuck) lives in high rocky
-places and on roadsides. The plaintive bleating “yenk, yenk” of the tiny
-“rock rabbit” (cony) issues from crevices in the talus. Snowshoe hares,
-brown in summer and white in winter, are sparingly present around forest
-clearings, such as at the south and east entrances.
-
-Martens are rather common; they are slim brown animals somewhat like
-large minks but they can climb trees like squirrels. Less often seen are
-weasels, badgers, minks, red foxes, and coyotes. The gray fox, bobcat,
-and mountain lion (cougar) are rare.
-
-American black bears are fairly common and may be encountered in many
-parts of the park. Usually they are black, but many shades of brown also
-occur, just as hair color varies among people. Do not let bears get
-close to you. Many people have been painfully clawed when these animals
-have lost their natural fear of man and have learned to beg for food. DO
-NOT FEED THE BEARS! Feeding them is unlawful, and violating this
-regulation seriously endangers other park visitors by encouraging the
-bears to beg.
-
-The comparatively small and dark “black-tailed” deer of the Pacific
-Coast is the most common form, particularly on the west side of the
-park. The larger, lighter-colored mule deer occurs around meadows on the
-east side of the park, including Rim Drive.
-
-
-
-
-                                 _Map_
-
-
-    [Illustration: Map]
-
-             LET’S NOT BE GUILTY OF STARTING A FOREST FIRE.
-                       ALWAYS USE CAR ASH TRAYS.
-   COMPLETELY EXTINGUISH MATCHES AND CIGARETTES BEFORE THROWING AWAY.
-                        BE SURE CAMPFIRE IS OUT.
-
-
-Birds.   More than 120 kinds of birds have been recorded. On the rim,
-the harsh-voiced Clark’s nutcracker is the most conspicuous. It is a
-little larger and more heavily built than a jay and has a long sharp
-bill. The bird’s overall color is light gray, the wings are black with a
-large white patch, and the tail is conspicuously white with black
-central tail feathers. Two jays are also numerous at times on the rim,
-the dark-blue Steller’s jay which has a long, blackish crest, and the
-uncrested gray jay (“camp robber”) which has a short bill, a dark patch
-on the back of the head, a white crown, and whitish underparts.
-
-Eagle Crags have furnished nesting places for both the golden and
-American eagles which sometimes may be seen flying over the lake. Llao
-Rock is the home of falcons. Double-crested cormorants may perch on the
-“masts” of the Phantom Ship, and California gulls are seen regularly on
-the lake. The sooty grouse inhabits the fir forests from which its
-ventriloquial booming call issues in the spring. Several species of
-ducks and geese use the lake during migration, and the Barrow’s
-golden-eye and merganser nest there occasionally.
-
-Other species most likely to be observed are the horned owl, red-tailed
-hawk, sparrow hawk, nighthawk, rufous hummingbird, olive-sided
-flycatcher, raven, mountain chickadee, red-breasted nuthatch, dipper
-(along streams and on the lake shore), robin, hermit thrush,
-russet-backed thrush, mountain bluebird, golden-crowned kinglet, Audubon
-warbler, western tanager, evening grosbeak, Cassin purple finch, rosy
-finch (vicinity of snow banks), pine siskin, Oregon junco, chipping
-sparrow, and fox sparrow.
-
-
-
-
-                       _Forests and Wildflowers_
-
-
-The virgin forests and wildflower meadows mantling the slopes, which one
-ascends to view Crater Lake, are outstanding attractions enhancing the
-scenic value of the lake. Scattered through the forests of predominantly
-cone-bearing trees are a few broad-leaved species. Colorful meadows of
-alpine wildflowers are found around numerous springs which form the
-sources of many creeks on the outer slope of the mountain.
-
-Plants characteristic of four zones of vegetation are found within the
-park, yielding over 570 species of ferns and flowering plants. Patches
-of Douglas-firs, typical of the humid division of the upper Transition
-Zone, occur in the region of the park lying on the western slope of the
-Cascade Range. The semi-humid division of the zone, characterized by the
-ponderosa pines, largest trees in the park, may be found at the south
-entrance of the park. Associated with it are sugar pines, white firs,
-and western white pines. Above the Transition is the Canadian Zone in
-which occur lodgepole pines, Shasta red firs, alpine firs, and mountain
-hemlocks.
-
-In the rim area around Crater Lake, Hudsonian Zone species are found.
-These include mountain hemlocks (the most predominant trees in the
-park), alpine firs, Shasta red firs, and whitebark pines. Stunted
-whitebark pines predominate on the slopes of Mount Scott, the summit
-being in the Alpine-Arctic Zone.
-
-During July and August, you will find Nature’s colorful displays of
-alpine wildflowers on the road between park headquarters and Rim Village
-and along the trails on the crater rim. These displays change with each
-week of the short flowering season.
-
-    [Illustration: _Phantom Ship. Applegate and Garfield Peaks are
-    reflected in Crater Lake._]
-
-Castle Crest Wildflower Garden, near park headquarters, is one of the
-most attractive and ideal places for viewing and studying Crater Lake
-flora. Throughout the summer, you may study the exhibits of fresh
-flowers displayed at the Information Building in the Rim Village.
-
-
-
-
-                         _Interpretive Service_
-
-
-During the summer, daily interpretive service is scheduled by the
-National Park Service. Informal talks are given at Sinnott Memorial, and
-evening programs are held in the Community House, both in Rim Village.
-Field trips start from the Information Building on the rim just west of
-the lodge. Rim Drive bus trips begin at the lodge. Boat trips, when in
-operation, start at the foot of the Lake (Crater Wall) Trail.
-
-Programs of current interpretive activities are posted at several places
-in the park.
-
-The Sinnott Memorial, with its broad terrace overlooking the lake,
-serves as an orientation point. It is located close to the lodge and the
-Rim Campground. Pictorial displays in the exhibit room portray artists’
-conceptions of the varying moods of the lake. Field glasses and a large
-relief map of the region are located on the terrace.
-
-
-
-
-                          _What to See and Do_
-
-
-Rim Drive.   Many spectacular views may be had from numerous observation
-points along this road which encircles the caldera.
-
-
-Wizard Island.   This symmetrical cinder cone, towering some 760 feet
-above the surface of the lake, is reached by boat. A trail leads from
-the shore to the crater, which is approximately 90 feet deep and 300
-feet in diameter.
-
-
-The Phantom Ship.   Rising about 160 feet above the waters of the lake,
-this island resembles a ship under sail. The best views of the Phantom
-Ship are obtained from the launches and from Kerr Notch along the Rim
-Drive.
-
-
-Garfield Peak.   A 1.7-mile trail, east of the lodge, leads to Garfield
-Peak. From its summit, elevation 8,060 feet, there is a magnificent view
-of the lake and surrounding region.
-
-
-The Watchman.   This peak, on the west rim, may be reached by a
-half-mile trail from the rim road. A rare panorama of the park and
-surrounding country may be viewed from the fire lookout, 8,025 feet
-above sea level and about 1,850 feet above the lake.
-
-
-Cloudcap.   On the east rim, and rising to an elevation of more than
-8,000 feet, Cloudcap provides an excellent observation point.
-
-
-Mount Scott.   East of Cloudcap is Mount Scott, the highest point in the
-park, reaching an altitude of 8,938 feet. Its summit, on which there is
-a fire-lookout station, is accessible by a 2.5-mile trail from Rim
-Drive.
-
-
-The Pinnacles.   In Wheeler Creek, near the east boundary of the park,
-are slender spires of pumice. Some of the needles are 200 feet high. In
-Sand Creek Canyon and Godfrey’s Glen, in Annie Creek Canyon, there are
-other spires and fluted columns carved out of the soft volcanic material
-by water erosion.
-
-
-Other Places of Interest in the Park and Vicinity.   Hillman Peak, 8,156
-feet, is the highest point on the rim, rising nearly 2,000 feet above
-the lake. Palisade Point, Kerr Notch, and the Wineglass are low points
-on the rim, being slightly more than 500 feet above the lake.
-
-    [Illustration: _Natural ski run cut by old rock slide._]
-
-
-Hiking.   Besides the longer hikes mentioned in preceding paragraphs,
-there are delightful short walks, such as along Discovery Point Trail on
-the rim, and through Castle Crest Wildflower Gardens.
-
-Those who desire information about other interesting places in the park
-and vicinity are invited to inquire at park headquarters or the
-Information Building.
-
-
-Fishing.   Angling amid the scenic beauty of Crater Lake is an
-experience long to be remembered. No fish were native to Crater Lake;
-the first planting of rainbow trout was made in 1888 by William G.
-Steel. In recent years only rainbow trout and sockeye (kokanee) salmon
-have been planted. Trolling has proved to be the most successful method
-of fishing. The daily limit is 10 fish per person. From about mid-July
-to Labor Day, rowboats are available. Shore fishing usually may be
-enjoyed from the latter part of June until late September, depending on
-weather conditions. No license is needed to fish in Crater Lake.
-Possession or use of fish as bait is not allowed.
-
-
-Winter Visits.   Since the park is open the year round, you may enjoy
-Crater Lake’s fantasy of snowy splendor and participate in winter
-sports. Two trails from the Rim Village to park headquarters are
-maintained for skiers in winter. Professional ski meets are discouraged
-and amateur sports encouraged.
-
-There are no overnight accommodations in the park from about September
-15 to June 15, but warming-room facilities are provided at Rim Village.
-
-The west and south entrance roads to the Rim Village area are open to
-motor travel. You should be well supplied with gasoline and oil, as they
-are not available in the park in winter. Tire chains, tow rope, and
-shovel are necessary accessories.
-
-Rangers are on duty to render service all year.
-
-
-
-
-                        _How to Get to the Park_
-
-
-By Common Carrier.   The Southern Pacific Railroad, several airlines,
-and bus lines serve Medford, Klamath Falls, and Grants Pass, Oreg.
-Pacific Trailways buses, operating on daily schedules through the park,
-connect with points north and south from about June 15 to September 15.
-
-
-By Automobile.   Paved State highways connect with the park road system
-at all entrances. State Route 62 connects the west entrance of the park,
-through Medford, with U.S. 99, 199, and 101. It also leads from the
-south entrance to U.S. 97. From the north entrance, connection is made
-with U.S. 97 via State Route 230. The roads through the west and south
-entrances to the rim are maintained as all-year roads. _The north
-entrance road and Rim Drive are closed approximately September 25 to
-July 1 depending on snow conditions._
-
-
-
-
-                      _Accommodations and Camping_
-
-
-Rim Village (900 feet above the lake) includes the lodge, sleeping
-cabins, cafeteria, store, campground, picnic area, Community House,
-Information Building, and Sinnott Memorial. The lake is accessible by
-trail from Rim Village.
-
-
-Accommodations,   which include sleeping cabins and single and double
-rooms at the lodge, are available from about June 15 to September 15.
-Information regarding rates may be obtained from the Crater Lake
-National Park Company (winter address, Box 968, Spokane, Wash.; summer,
-Crater Lake, Oreg.). It is imperative that reservations be made well in
-advance and be accompanied by a deposit and a request for confirmation
-of availability.
-
-There are dining-room facilities in the lodge. The cafeteria, which is
-near the campground and cabins, is open from 7 a. m. to 8:30 p. m.
-
-
-Campgrounds.   There are three main campgrounds open from about July 1
-to September 30. _Mazama Campground_, near the junction of the south and
-west entrance roads, and _Rim Campground_, close to Rim Village, have
-fireplaces, tables, water and flush toilets. _Lost Creek Campground_ in
-the southeast part of the park and 12 miles from park headquarters, has
-fireplaces, tables, and water, but toilets are most primitive.
-
-Camping is limited to 30 days. No reservations for campsites can be
-made.
-
-
-
-
-                        _Miscellaneous Services_
-
-
-Launches and Rowboats.   A number of trips are made daily, during the
-summer, by launch from the boatlanding at the foot of the lake trail to
-Wizard Island. Private boats are not permitted on the lake, but rowboats
-may be hired at the boatlanding.
-
-One of the popular attractions is the 2½-hour launch trip around the
-lake, leaving the boatlanding at 9 o’clock each morning during the
-boating season. A naturalist accompanies this trip. Boating services are
-provided by the Crater Lake National Park Company.
-
-
-Other Services.   The post office and long-distance telephone and
-telegraph services are located in the administration building at park
-headquarters. The post office address is Crater Lake, Oreg. Guests of
-the Crater Lake National Park Company should have mail addressed in care
-of Crater Lake Lodge to insure prompt delivery.
-
-A gasoline station is maintained during summer on the road near park
-headquarters. No storage or repair facilities, however, are available
-within the park. In case of accident or mechanical failure, towing
-service must be obtained from outside the park.
-
-Time and place of church services are posted in the lodge, information
-building, and cafeteria.
-
-
-
-
-                              _Mission 66_
-
-
-Mission 66 is a program designed to be completed by 1966 which will
-assure the maximum protection of the scenic, scientific, wilderness, and
-historic resources of the National Park System in such ways and by such
-means as will make them available for the use and enjoyment of present
-and future generations.
-
-
-
-
-                            _Administration_
-
-
-Crater Lake National Park is administered by the National Park Service
-of the United States Department of the Interior. A superintendent is in
-immediate charge of the park, with offices in the administrative center,
-3 miles from Rim Village. Communications regarding the park should be
-addressed to the Superintendent, Crater Lake National Park, Crater Lake,
-Oreg., during the summer and to Box 672, Medford, Oreg., from October to
-June.
-
-
-
-
-                     _PARK RANGERS AND NATURALISTS_
-
-Park rangers are the protective force of the park. They are on duty to
-enforce park regulations, and to help and advise you. Consult them if
-you are in any difficulty.
-
-Park naturalists are here to help you understand the park. They, too,
-welcome your observations and your inquiries.
-
-
-
-
-                      _Help Us Protect This Park_
-
-
-Park regulations are designed for the protection of the natural features
-and for your comfort and convenience. The following synopsis is for your
-guidance:
-
-Fires. Light carefully and only in designated campgrounds. Extinguish
-completely before leaving camp, even for a temporary absence. Do not
-guess your fire is out—KNOW IT. One spark may start a forest fire,
-destroy the beauty of the park, and endanger many lives. Throwing
-burning materials from car windows constitutes a fire threat and is
-unlawful in most western States.
-
-Camps. Use designated campgrounds and keep them clean. Burn combustible
-rubbish on campfires, and place other refuse of all kinds in garbage
-cans or pits provided for the purpose. Only down material may be used as
-firewood.
-
-Trash. Do not throw paper, lunch refuse, or other trash over the rim, on
-walks, trails, roads, or elsewhere. Carry until you can burn in camp or
-place in receptacle.
-
-Trees, Flowers, and Animals. The destruction, injury, disturbance, or
-removal in any way of trees, flowers, birds, or animals is prohibited in
-order that everyone may enjoy the beauties of nature.
-
-Noises. Please do not be noisy in camp before 6 a. m. and after 10 p. m.
-Many people come to the park for rest.
-
-Automobiles. Drive carefully. Speeds limits, which vary for different
-sections of the park, are posted.
-
-Pets. When not in an automobile, dogs, cats, and other pets must be on
-leash or otherwise under physical restrictive control at all times. They
-are not permitted in the lodge, in the dining room, the store, other
-public buildings or on any of the trails.
-
-Warning About Bears and Deer. Do not feed, touch, tease, or molest the
-bears and deer. Bears will enter or break into automobiles if food that
-they can smell is left inside. They will also rob your camp of
-unprotected food supplies.
-
-Fishing. Open season: Streams, June 15-September 10; Crater Lake, when
-trail is open. The limit is 10 fish per day for each person fishing. No
-fishing license is necessary. Possession of bait fish, or the use
-thereof as bait, is not allowed.
-
-Accidents. Report all accidents and injuries as soon as possible to the
-ranger office at park headquarters.
-
-Complete rules and regulations are available at park headquarters.
-
-
-
-
-                           _VISITOR USE FEES_
-
-
-Automobile, housetrailer, and motorcycle permit fees are collected at
-entrance stations. When vehicles enter at times when entrance stations
-are unattended, it is necessary that the permit be obtained before
-leaving the park and be shown upon reentry. The fees applicable to the
-park are not listed herein because they are subject to change, but they
-may be obtained in advance of a visit by addressing a request to the
-superintendent.
-
-All national park fees are deposited as revenue in the U. S. Treasury;
-they offset, in part, appropriations made for operating and maintaining
-the National Park System.
-
-Revised 1958
-
-                         U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1958—O-458046
-
-
-
-
-                          Transcriber’s Notes
-
-
-—Silently corrected a few typos.
-
-—Retained publication information from the printed edition: this eBook
-  is public-domain in the country of publication.
-
-—In the text versions only, text in italics is delimited by
-  _underscores_.
-
-
-
-*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CRATER LAKE NATIONAL PARK,
-OREGON (1958) ***
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-<p style='text-align:center; font-size:1.2em; font-weight:bold'>The Project Gutenberg eBook of Crater Lake National Park, Oregon (1958), by Anonymous</p>
-<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'>
-This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and
-most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions
-whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms
-of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online
-at <a href="https://www.gutenberg.org">www.gutenberg.org</a>. If you
-are not located in the United States, you will have to check the laws of the
-country where you are located before using this eBook.
-</div>
-
-<p style='display:block; margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:1em; margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em'>Title: Crater Lake National Park, Oregon (1958)</p>
-  <p style='display:block; margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:0; margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em'>Author: Anonymous</p>
-<p style='display:block; text-indent:0; margin:1em 0'>Release Date: July 25, 2021 [eBook #65917]</p>
-<p style='display:block; text-indent:0; margin:1em 0'>Language: English</p>
-  <p style='display:block; margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:0; margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em; text-align:left'>Produced by: Stephen Hutcheson and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net </p>
-<div style='margin-top:2em; margin-bottom:4em'>*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CRATER LAKE NATIONAL PARK, OREGON (1958) ***</div>
-<div id="cover" class="img">
-<img id="coverpage" src="images/cover.jpg" alt="Crater Lake National Park, Oregon (1958)" width="800" height="1249" />
-</div>
-<p class="pcap">Cover: <i>Wizard Island. Llao Rock in the background.</i></p>
-<div class="box">
-<h1><span class="large"><span class="ss">CRATER LAKE</span></span>
-<br /><span class="smaller">NATIONAL PARK
-<br />OREGON</span></h1>
-</div>
-<h2 id="toc" class="center">Contents</h2>
-<dl class="toc">
-<dt><a href="#c1">Welcome</a> 3</dt>
-<dt><a href="#c2">Discovery and History</a> 4</dt>
-<dt><a href="#c3">The Geological Story of Crater Lake</a> 4</dt>
-<dt><a href="#c4">Wildlife</a> 7</dt>
-<dt><a href="#c5">Map</a> 8</dt>
-<dt><a href="#c6">Forests and Wildflowers</a> 10</dt>
-<dt><a href="#c7">Interpretive Service</a> 12</dt>
-<dt><a href="#c8">What To See and Do</a> 12</dt>
-<dt><a href="#c9">How To Get to the Park</a> 14</dt>
-<dt><a href="#c10">Accommodations and Camping</a> 14</dt>
-<dt><a href="#c11">Miscellaneous Services</a> 15</dt>
-<dt><a href="#c12">Mission 66</a> 15</dt>
-<dt><a href="#c13">Administration</a> 15</dt>
-<dt><a href="#c14">Help Us Protect This Park</a> 16</dt>
-<dt><a href="#c15">Visitor Use Fees</a> 16</dt>
-</dl>
-<div class="img">
-<img src="images/p01.jpg" id="ncfig1" alt="National Park System" width="243" height="316" />
-</div>
-<div class="box">
-<p>The National Park System, of which this park is a unit, is dedicated to conserving
-the scenic, scientific, and historic heritage of the United States for the
-benefit and enjoyment of its people.</p>
-</div>
-<div class="img">
-<img src="images/p01a.jpg" id="ncfig2" alt="Department of the Interior" width="305" height="314" />
-</div>
-<p class="center">UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
-<br />Fred A. Seaton, <i>Secretary</i>
-<br /><span class="smaller">NATIONAL PARK SERVICE, Conrad L. Wirth, <i>Director</i></span></p>
-<div class="pb" id="Page_3">3</div>
-<h1 title=""><span class="large"><span class="ss">CRATER LAKE</span></span>
-<br /><span class="small">National Park</span></h1>
-<p class="center small"><b><i>Open All Year</i>&mdash;Regular Season, June 15 to September 15</b></p>
-<h2 id="c1"><span class="small"><i>Welcome</i></span></h2>
-<p>The superintendent and the staff of
-Crater Lake National Park welcome you
-to this area of the National Park System.
-We hope that your stay here will be
-pleasant and inspiring.</p>
-<p>Here in this park you encounter
-beauty&mdash;beauty in a wonderful combination
-of form and substance and sparking
-color&mdash;great curving walls of rock and
-sand, green spires of fir and hemlock,
-and the brilliant reflections of Crater
-Lake. All this is a part of a remarkable
-volcanic story.</p>
-<p>On this spot, a few thousand years
-ago, stood the mighty 12,000-foot volcano,
-Mount Mazama. This great mountain
-discharged a tremendous quantity
-of ash and lava, causing the mountaintop
-to collapse, and creating a caldera, which
-now contains the unbelievably blue
-Crater Lake. It is the central feature of
-this 250-square-mile National Park on
-the crest of the Cascade Range in southern
-Oregon.</p>
-<p>A major charm of Crater Lake is that
-the whole lake and its setting can be
-taken in by the eye at one time. Yet its
-size is impressive. The lake is about 20
-square miles in area, 6 miles wide, and
-has 20 miles of shoreline. The surrounding
-cliffs rise as much as 2,000
-feet to the uneven crater rim which averages
-about 7,000 feet in elevation.</p>
-<div class="box">
-<h3 class="center">WILD ANIMALS</h3>
-<p>It is dangerous for you to get near wild animals though they may appear tame.
-Some have become accustomed to humans, but they still are wild and may
-seriously injure you if you approach them. Regulations prohibiting feeding,
-teasing, touching, or molesting wild animals are enforced for your safety.</p>
-</div>
-<div class="pb" id="Page_4">4</div>
-<h2 id="c2"><span class="small"><i>Discovery and History</i></span></h2>
-<p>The Klamath Indians knew of, but
-seldom visited Crater Lake. They regarded
-the lake and the mountain as
-the battleground of the gods. The lake
-was discovered on June 12, 1853, by
-John Wesley Hillman, a young prospector
-leading a party in search of a rumored
-&ldquo;Lost Cabin Mine.&rdquo; Having
-failed in their efforts, Hillman and his
-party returned to Jacksonville, a mining
-camp in the Rogue River Valley, and
-reported their discovery which they had
-named Deep Blue Lake.</p>
-<p>On October 21, 1862, Chauncey Nye,
-leading a party of prospectors from eastern
-Oregon to Jacksonville, happened
-upon the lake. Thinking that they had
-made a discovery, they named it Blue
-Lake. A third &ldquo;discovery&rdquo; was made
-on August 1, 1865, by two soldiers stationed
-at Fort Klamath, who called it
-Lake Majesty. In 1869 this name was
-changed to Crater Lake by visitors from
-Jacksonville.</p>
-<p>Before 1885 Crater Lake had few visitors
-and was not widely known. On
-August 15 of that year William Gladstone
-Steel, after 15 years of effort to
-get to the lake, stood for the first time
-on its rim. Inspired by its beauty,
-Steel conceived the idea of preserving
-it as a National Park. For 17 years,
-with much personal sacrifice, he devoted
-time and energy to this end. Success
-was realized when the park was established
-on May 22, 1902, with W. F.
-Arant as its first superintendent. Steel
-continued to devote his life to development
-of the park, serving as its second
-superintendent and later as park commissioner,
-which office he held until his
-death in 1934.</p>
-<h2 id="c3"><span class="small"><i>The Geological Story of Crater Lake</i></span></h2>
-<h3 class="inline"><span class="sc">Origin of the Mountain.</span></h3>
-<p>The
-slope, which you ascend to view the
-lake, and the caldera wall rising 500 to
-2,000 feet above the water, are remnants
-of Mount Mazama.</p>
-<p>In comparatively recent geologic time,
-numerous volcanic peaks were formed
-near the western edge of a vast lava
-plateau covering parts of Oregon,
-Washington, Idaho, Montana, Nevada,
-and California. These are the Cascade
-Range, of which Mount Mazama was
-one of the commanding peaks. It was
-built by successive lava flows with some
-accumulation of volcanic ash. The cone
-thus formed was modified by streams
-and glaciers which carved valleys in its
-sides and deposited rock debris on its
-flanks. The layered character and different
-formations of the mountain are
-now clearly exposed in numerous places
-within the caldera wall.</p>
-<h3 class="inline"><span class="sc">Forming of Dikes.</span></h3>
-<p>In addition to
-broad surface flows, it is common for
-molten lava to be squeezed into cracks,
-or fissures, that develop in a volcano.
-Such filling results in dikes, or walls,
-frequently harder than the enclosing
-rock. At Crater Lake the destruction of
-the mountain and subsequent erosion
-have exposed numerous dikes in the wall,
-of which the Devil&rsquo;s Backbone on the
-west wall is an outstanding example.</p>
-<h3 class="inline"><span class="sc">Action of Streams and Glaciers.</span></h3>
-<p>In the layers forming the crater wall
-there is evidence of the action of water.
-In some places this is shown by the cutting
-of valleys; in others, by the accumulation
-of water-carried gravel and
-boulders.</p>
-<div class="pb" id="Page_5">5</div>
-<p>Glacial ice, carrying sand, pebbles, and
-boulders, scratches and polishes rock
-surfaces over which it moves. Glacial
-polish and thick beds of glacial debris
-are common around the mountain. They
-occur on the surface rock and between
-earlier layers, showing that glaciers existed
-at various stages in the history of
-the mountain.</p>
-<p><span class="ss">U</span>-shaped valleys, such as Kerr Notch,
-Sun Notch, and Munson Valley on the
-southeast slope of Mount Mazama, are
-evidence of glaciation. The lava flow
-which formed Llao Rock filled an ancient
-glacial notch.</p>
-<h3 class="inline"><span class="sc">Forming of the Caldera.</span></h3>
-<p>Many
-geologists have concluded that the basin
-occupied by the lake resulted from the
-collapse and subsidence of the volcanic
-cone of Mount Mazama. This explanation
-was first proposed by J. S. Diller,
-of the United States Geological Survey,
-who considered that the support of the
-summit was weakened by drainage of
-great quantities of molten rock through
-subterranean cracks. The pit thus formed
-grew progressively larger in all directions,
-as is indicated by the broken edges
-exposed around its rim today. Extensive
-study by Prof. Howel Williams, of
-the University of California, led him to
-practically the same conclusion.</p>
-<p>In his delightful, popular, and scientifically
-accurate book, <i>Crater Lake, The
-Story of Its Origin</i>, Williams describes
-great quantities of pumice extending
-more than 80 miles northeast of Mount
-Mazama. This pumice was blown from
-the mountain in a catastrophic event and
-carried northeastward by the prevailing
-winds. Analysis shows that this is material
-derived from the heart of the
-volcano and not finely divided fragments
-of the original mountain walls.</p>
-<p>Following this eruption, the crater is
-believed literally to have boiled over,
-pouring out great quantities of frothy
-material as a series of glowing avalanches.
-These avalanches must have
-traveled at a terrific speed down the valleys,
-for those to the south and west
-did not begin to deposit their load until
-they had reached a distance of 4 to 5
-miles. The greater quantity flowed
-down the mountain to the south and
-southwest for distances up to 35 miles
-from the source. The total volume of
-the ejected lava was about 5 cubic miles.
-It is believed that an additional 1.5 cubic
-miles of old rock were carried away at
-the same time.</p>
-<p>Accompanying these eruptions, which
-occurred within the past 7,000 years,
-cracks developed in the flanks of the
-mountain so that the top collapsed, being
-engulfed in the void produced by the
-ejection of the pumice and lava and the
-withdrawal of 10 cubic miles of molten
-rock into swarms of cracks that probably
-opened parallel to the axis of the Cascade
-Range. Thus was formed the great
-pit that was to become Crater Lake.</p>
-<p>By projecting the slopes of the mountain
-remnant upward, conforming to the
-slopes of similar volcanoes, it has been
-estimated that approximately 17 cubic
-miles of the upper part of ancient Mount
-Mazama was destroyed by the collapse.</p>
-<h3 class="inline"><span class="sc">The Growth of Wizard Island.</span></h3>
-<p>After the destruction of the peak, volcanic
-activity within the caldera produced
-Wizard Island and perhaps other cones.
-These cones rise above a relatively flat
-floor, the lowest part of which is almost
-2,000 feet below the surface of the
-present lake.</p>
-<div class="pb" id="Page_6">6</div>
-<div class="img" id="fig1">
-<img src="images/p02.jpg" alt="" width="800" height="1297" />
-<p class="pcap"><i>Hillman Peak&mdash;Highest Point on Rim of Crater Lake</i></p>
-</div>
-<div class="pb" id="Page_7">7</div>
-<h3 class="inline"><span class="sc">Origin of the Lake.</span></h3>
-<p>The water of
-Crater Lake comes from rain and snow.
-The average annual precipitation is 69
-inches. The lake has no inlet and no
-outlet, except seepage. Evaporation,
-seepage, and precipitation are in a state
-of relative balance which maintains an
-approximately constant water level. In
-1957, the lake level was the highest recorded
-since 1908. There is an annual
-variation of from 1 to 3 feet, the level
-being highest in spring and lowest in
-autumn.</p>
-<h3 class="inline"><span class="sc">Color of the Lake.</span></h3>
-<p>The deep blue
-of the lake is believed to be caused chiefly
-by the scattering of sunlight in water of
-exceptional depth and clearness, the blue
-rays of sunlight being bent back upward,
-rays of other colors being absorbed.</p>
-<h2 id="c4"><span class="small"><i>Wildlife</i></span></h2>
-<h3 class="inline"><span class="sc">Mammals.</span></h3>
-<p>There are about 60 kinds,
-of which the golden-mantled ground
-squirrels are among the most conspicuous.
-They resemble large chipmunks
-but have stockier bodies, shorter tails
-and no stripes on their heads. On each
-side there is a broad, white stripe sandwiched
-between two dark stripes. Two
-species of true chipmunks with striped
-heads also are numerous. The small,
-tree-inhabiting chickaree, dark brown
-above and whitish below, is common;
-and the porcupine is frequently seen.
-It is advisable to enjoy these and all
-other small mammals without actual
-contact because occasionally they carry
-diseases which can become serious if
-transmitted to humans.</p>
-<p>The large fat-bodied marmot (a mountain
-woodchuck) lives in high rocky
-places and on roadsides. The plaintive
-bleating &ldquo;yenk, yenk&rdquo; of the tiny &ldquo;rock
-rabbit&rdquo; (cony) issues from crevices in
-the talus. Snowshoe hares, brown in
-summer and white in winter, are sparingly
-present around forest clearings,
-such as at the south and east entrances.</p>
-<p>Martens are rather common; they are
-slim brown animals somewhat like large
-minks but they can climb trees like
-squirrels. Less often seen are weasels,
-badgers, minks, red foxes, and coyotes.
-The gray fox, bobcat, and mountain lion
-(cougar) are rare.</p>
-<p>American black bears are fairly common
-and may be encountered in many
-parts of the park. Usually they are
-black, but many shades of brown also
-occur, just as hair color varies among
-people. Do not let bears get close to
-you. Many people have been painfully
-clawed when these animals have lost
-their natural fear of man and have
-learned to beg for food. DO NOT
-FEED THE BEARS! Feeding them is
-unlawful, and violating this regulation
-seriously endangers other park visitors
-by encouraging the bears to beg.</p>
-<p>The comparatively small and dark
-&ldquo;black-tailed&rdquo; deer of the Pacific Coast
-is the most common form, particularly
-on the west side of the park. The larger,
-lighter-colored mule deer occurs around
-meadows on the east side of the park,
-including Rim Drive.</p>
-<div class="pb" id="Page_8">8</div>
-<h2 id="c5"><span class="small"><i>Map</i></span></h2>
-<div class="img">
-<img src="images/p03.jpg" id="ncfig3" alt="Map" width="1200" height="1786" />
-</div>
-<p class="center smaller"><span class="ssn">LET&rsquo;S NOT BE GUILTY OF STARTING A FOREST FIRE.
-<br />ALWAYS USE CAR ASH TRAYS.
-<br />COMPLETELY EXTINGUISH MATCHES AND CIGARETTES BEFORE THROWING AWAY.
-<br />BE SURE CAMPFIRE IS OUT.</span></p>
-<div class="pb" id="Page_10">10</div>
-<h3 class="inline"><span class="sc">Birds.</span></h3>
-<p>More than 120 kinds of birds
-have been recorded. On the rim, the
-harsh-voiced Clark&rsquo;s nutcracker is the
-most conspicuous. It is a little larger
-and more heavily built than a jay and
-has a long sharp bill. The bird&rsquo;s overall
-color is light gray, the wings are
-black with a large white patch, and the
-tail is conspicuously white with black
-central tail feathers. Two jays are also
-numerous at times on the rim, the dark-blue
-Steller&rsquo;s jay which has a long,
-blackish crest, and the uncrested gray
-jay (&ldquo;camp robber&rdquo;) which has a short
-bill, a dark patch on the back of the head,
-a white crown, and whitish underparts.</p>
-<p>Eagle Crags have furnished nesting
-places for both the golden and American
-eagles which sometimes may be seen
-flying over the lake. Llao Rock is the
-home of falcons. Double-crested cormorants
-may perch on the &ldquo;masts&rdquo; of
-the Phantom Ship, and California gulls
-are seen regularly on the lake. The
-sooty grouse inhabits the fir forests from
-which its ventriloquial booming call
-issues in the spring. Several species of
-ducks and geese use the lake during
-migration, and the Barrow&rsquo;s golden-eye
-and merganser nest there occasionally.</p>
-<p>Other species most likely to be observed
-are the horned owl, red-tailed
-hawk, sparrow hawk, nighthawk, rufous
-hummingbird, olive-sided flycatcher,
-raven, mountain chickadee, red-breasted
-nuthatch, dipper (along streams and on
-the lake shore), robin, hermit thrush,
-russet-backed thrush, mountain bluebird,
-golden-crowned kinglet, Audubon warbler,
-western tanager, evening grosbeak,
-Cassin purple finch, rosy finch (vicinity
-of snow banks), pine siskin, Oregon
-junco, chipping sparrow, and fox
-sparrow.</p>
-<h2 id="c6"><span class="small"><i>Forests and Wildflowers</i></span></h2>
-<p>The virgin forests and wildflower
-meadows mantling the slopes, which one
-ascends to view Crater Lake, are outstanding
-attractions enhancing the scenic
-value of the lake. Scattered through the
-forests of predominantly cone-bearing
-trees are a few broad-leaved species.
-Colorful meadows of alpine wildflowers
-are found around numerous springs
-which form the sources of many creeks
-on the outer slope of the mountain.</p>
-<p>Plants characteristic of four zones of
-vegetation are found within the park,
-yielding over 570 species of ferns and
-flowering plants. Patches of Douglas-firs,
-typical of the humid division of
-the upper Transition Zone, occur in the
-region of the park lying on the western
-slope of the Cascade Range. The semi-humid
-division of the zone, characterized
-by the ponderosa pines, largest trees in
-the park, may be found at the south entrance
-of the park. Associated with it
-are sugar pines, white firs, and western
-white pines. Above the Transition is
-the Canadian Zone in which occur lodgepole
-pines, Shasta red firs, alpine firs,
-and mountain hemlocks.</p>
-<p>In the rim area around Crater Lake,
-Hudsonian Zone species are found.
-These include mountain hemlocks (the
-most predominant trees in the park),
-alpine firs, Shasta red firs, and whitebark
-pines. Stunted whitebark pines
-predominate on the slopes of Mount
-Scott, the summit being in the Alpine-Arctic
-Zone.</p>
-<p>During July and August, you will find
-Nature&rsquo;s colorful displays of alpine wildflowers
-on the road between park headquarters
-and Rim Village and along the
-trails on the crater rim. These displays
-change with each week of the short flowering
-season.</p>
-<div class="pb" id="Page_11">11</div>
-<div class="img" id="fig2">
-<img src="images/p04.jpg" alt="" width="800" height="1308" />
-<p class="pcap"><i>Phantom Ship. Applegate and Garfield Peaks are reflected in Crater Lake.</i></p>
-</div>
-<div class="pb" id="Page_12">12</div>
-<p>Castle Crest Wildflower Garden, near
-park headquarters, is one of the most
-attractive and ideal places for viewing
-and studying Crater Lake flora.
-Throughout the summer, you may study
-the exhibits of fresh flowers displayed
-at the Information Building in the Rim
-Village.</p>
-<h2 id="c7"><span class="small"><i>Interpretive Service</i></span></h2>
-<p>During the summer, daily interpretive
-service is scheduled by the National
-Park Service. Informal talks are given
-at Sinnott Memorial, and evening programs
-are held in the Community House,
-both in Rim Village. Field trips start
-from the Information Building on the
-rim just west of the lodge. Rim Drive
-bus trips begin at the lodge. Boat trips,
-when in operation, start at the foot of
-the Lake (Crater Wall) Trail.</p>
-<p>Programs of current interpretive activities
-are posted at several places in the
-park.</p>
-<p>The Sinnott Memorial, with its broad
-terrace overlooking the lake, serves as
-an orientation point. It is located close
-to the lodge and the Rim Campground.
-Pictorial displays in the exhibit room
-portray artists&rsquo; conceptions of the varying
-moods of the lake. Field glasses
-and a large relief map of the region are
-located on the terrace.</p>
-<h2 id="c8"><span class="small"><i>What to See and Do</i></span></h2>
-<h3 class="inline"><span class="sc">Rim Drive.</span></h3>
-<p>Many spectacular views
-may be had from numerous observation
-points along this road which encircles
-the caldera.</p>
-<h3 class="inline"><span class="sc">Wizard Island.</span></h3>
-<p>This symmetrical
-cinder cone, towering some 760 feet
-above the surface of the lake, is reached
-by boat. A trail leads from the shore
-to the crater, which is approximately 90
-feet deep and 300 feet in diameter.</p>
-<h3 class="inline"><span class="sc">The Phantom Ship.</span></h3>
-<p>Rising about
-160 feet above the waters of the lake,
-this island resembles a ship under sail.
-The best views of the Phantom Ship are
-obtained from the launches and from
-Kerr Notch along the Rim Drive.</p>
-<h3 class="inline"><span class="sc">Garfield Peak.</span></h3>
-<p>A 1.7-mile trail,
-east of the lodge, leads to Garfield Peak.
-From its summit, elevation 8,060 feet,
-there is a magnificent view of the lake
-and surrounding region.</p>
-<h3 class="inline"><span class="sc">The Watchman.</span></h3>
-<p>This peak, on the
-west rim, may be reached by a half-mile
-trail from the rim road. A rare panorama
-of the park and surrounding country
-may be viewed from the fire lookout,
-8,025 feet above sea level and about
-1,850 feet above the lake.</p>
-<h3 class="inline"><span class="sc">Cloudcap.</span></h3>
-<p>On the east rim, and rising
-to an elevation of more than 8,000
-feet, Cloudcap provides an excellent
-observation point.</p>
-<h3 class="inline"><span class="sc">Mount Scott.</span></h3>
-<p>East of Cloudcap is
-Mount Scott, the highest point in the
-park, reaching an altitude of 8,938 feet.
-Its summit, on which there is a fire-lookout
-station, is accessible by a 2.5-mile
-trail from Rim Drive.</p>
-<h3 class="inline"><span class="sc">The Pinnacles.</span></h3>
-<p>In Wheeler Creek,
-near the east boundary of the park, are
-slender spires of pumice. Some of the
-needles are 200 feet high. In Sand
-Creek Canyon and Godfrey&rsquo;s Glen, in
-Annie Creek Canyon, there are other
-spires and fluted columns carved out
-of the soft volcanic material by water
-erosion.</p>
-<h3 class="inline"><span class="sc">Other Places of Interest in the Park and Vicinity.</span></h3>
-<p>Hillman Peak,
-<span class="pb" id="Page_13">13</span>
-8,156 feet, is the highest point on the
-rim, rising nearly 2,000 feet above the
-lake. Palisade Point, Kerr Notch, and
-the Wineglass are low points on the rim,
-being slightly more than 500 feet above
-the lake.</p>
-<div class="img" id="fig3">
-<img src="images/p05.jpg" alt="" width="800" height="806" />
-<p class="pcap"><i>Natural ski run cut by old rock slide.</i></p>
-</div>
-<h3 class="inline"><span class="sc">Hiking.</span></h3>
-<p>Besides the longer hikes
-mentioned in preceding paragraphs,
-there are delightful short walks, such
-as along Discovery Point Trail on the
-rim, and through Castle Crest Wildflower
-Gardens.</p>
-<p>Those who desire information about
-other interesting places in the park
-and vicinity are invited to inquire at
-park headquarters or the Information
-Building.</p>
-<h3 class="inline"><span class="sc">Fishing.</span></h3>
-<p>Angling amid the scenic
-beauty of Crater Lake is an experience
-long to be remembered. No fish were
-native to Crater Lake; the first planting
-of rainbow trout was made in 1888
-by William G. Steel. In recent years
-only rainbow trout and sockeye (kokanee)
-salmon have been planted. Trolling
-has proved to be the most successful
-method of fishing. The daily limit is
-10 fish per person. From about mid-July
-to Labor Day, rowboats are available.
-Shore fishing usually may be enjoyed
-from the latter part of June until
-late September, depending on weather
-conditions. No license is needed to fish
-in Crater Lake. Possession or use of fish
-as bait is not allowed.</p>
-<h3 class="inline"><span class="sc">Winter Visits.</span></h3>
-<p>Since the park is
-open the year round, you may enjoy
-Crater Lake&rsquo;s fantasy of snowy splendor
-and participate in winter sports.
-<span class="pb" id="Page_14">14</span>
-Two trails from the Rim Village to
-park headquarters are maintained for
-skiers in winter. Professional ski meets
-are discouraged and amateur sports
-encouraged.</p>
-<p>There are no overnight accommodations
-in the park from about September
-15 to June 15, but warming-room
-facilities are provided at Rim Village.</p>
-<p>The west and south entrance roads
-to the Rim Village area are open to motor
-travel. You should be well supplied
-with gasoline and oil, as they are not
-available in the park in winter. Tire
-chains, tow rope, and shovel are necessary
-accessories.</p>
-<p>Rangers are on duty to render service
-all year.</p>
-<h2 id="c9"><span class="small"><i>How to Get to the Park</i></span></h2>
-<h3 class="inline"><span class="sc">By Common Carrier.</span></h3>
-<p>The Southern
-Pacific Railroad, several airlines, and bus
-lines serve Medford, Klamath Falls, and
-Grants Pass, Oreg. Pacific Trailways
-buses, operating on daily schedules
-through the park, connect with points
-north and south from about June 15 to
-September 15.</p>
-<h3 class="inline"><span class="sc">By Automobile.</span></h3>
-<p>Paved State highways
-connect with the park road system
-at all entrances. State Route 62 connects
-the west entrance of the park, through
-Medford, with U.S. 99, 199, and 101.
-It also leads from the south entrance
-to U.S. 97. From the north entrance,
-connection is made with U.S. 97 via
-State Route 230. The roads through the
-west and south entrances to the rim are
-maintained as all-year roads. <i>The north
-entrance road and Rim Drive are closed
-approximately September 25 to July 1
-depending on snow conditions.</i></p>
-<h2 id="c10"><span class="small"><i>Accommodations and Camping</i></span></h2>
-<p>Rim Village (900 feet above the lake)
-includes the lodge, sleeping cabins, cafeteria,
-store, campground, picnic area,
-Community House, Information Building,
-and Sinnott Memorial. The lake is
-accessible by trail from Rim Village.</p>
-<h3 class="inline"><span class="sc">Accommodations,</span></h3>
-<p>which include
-sleeping cabins and single and double
-rooms at the lodge, are available from
-about June 15 to September 15. Information
-regarding rates may be obtained
-from the Crater Lake National Park
-Company (winter address, Box 968,
-Spokane, Wash.; summer, Crater Lake,
-Oreg.). It is imperative that reservations
-be made well in advance and be
-accompanied by a deposit and a request
-for confirmation of availability.</p>
-<p>There are dining-room facilities in the
-lodge. The cafeteria, which is near the
-campground and cabins, is open from 7
-a. m. to 8:30 p. m.</p>
-<h3 class="inline"><span class="sc">Campgrounds.</span></h3>
-<p>There are three
-main campgrounds open from about July
-1 to September 30. <i>Mazama Campground</i>,
-near the junction of the south
-and west entrance roads, and <i>Rim Campground</i>,
-close to Rim Village, have fireplaces,
-tables, water and flush toilets.
-<i>Lost Creek Campground</i> in the southeast
-part of the park and 12 miles from
-park headquarters, has fireplaces, tables,
-and water, but toilets are most primitive.</p>
-<p>Camping is limited to 30 days. No
-reservations for campsites can be made.</p>
-<div class="pb" id="Page_15">15</div>
-<h2 id="c11"><span class="small"><i>Miscellaneous Services</i></span></h2>
-<h3 class="inline"><span class="sc">Launches and Rowboats.</span></h3>
-<p>A number
-of trips are made daily, during the
-summer, by launch from the boatlanding
-at the foot of the lake trail to
-Wizard Island. Private boats are not
-permitted on the lake, but rowboats
-may be hired at the boatlanding.</p>
-<p>One of the popular attractions is the
-2&frac12;-hour launch trip around the lake,
-leaving the boatlanding at 9 o&rsquo;clock each
-morning during the boating season. A
-naturalist accompanies this trip. Boating
-services are provided by the Crater
-Lake National Park Company.</p>
-<h3 class="inline"><span class="sc">Other Services.</span></h3>
-<p>The post office
-and long-distance telephone and telegraph
-services are located in the administration
-building at park headquarters.
-The post office address is Crater Lake,
-Oreg. Guests of the Crater Lake National
-Park Company should have mail
-addressed in care of Crater Lake Lodge
-to insure prompt delivery.</p>
-<p>A gasoline station is maintained during
-summer on the road near park headquarters.
-No storage or repair facilities,
-however, are available within the park.
-In case of accident or mechanical failure,
-towing service must be obtained from
-outside the park.</p>
-<p>Time and place of church services are
-posted in the lodge, information building,
-and cafeteria.</p>
-<h2 id="c12"><span class="small"><i>Mission 66</i></span></h2>
-<p>Mission 66 is a program designed to be
-completed by 1966 which will assure the
-maximum protection of the scenic, scientific,
-wilderness, and historic resources
-of the National Park System in such ways
-and by such means as will make them
-available for the use and enjoyment of
-present and future generations.</p>
-<h2 id="c13"><span class="small"><i>Administration</i></span></h2>
-<p>Crater Lake National Park is administered
-by the National Park Service of
-the United States Department of the Interior.
-A superintendent is in immediate
-charge of the park, with offices in
-the administrative center, 3 miles from
-Rim Village. Communications regarding
-the park should be addressed to the
-Superintendent, Crater Lake National
-Park, Crater Lake, Oreg., during the
-summer and to Box 672, Medford,
-Oreg., from October to June.</p>
-<div class="box">
-<p class="center"><i class="b">PARK RANGERS AND NATURALISTS</i></p>
-<p>Park rangers are the protective force of the park. They are on duty to enforce
-park regulations, and to help and advise you. Consult them if you are in
-any difficulty.</p>
-<p>Park naturalists are here to help you understand the park. They, too, welcome
-your observations and your inquiries.</p>
-</div>
-<div class="pb" id="Page_16">16</div>
-<h2 id="c14"><span class="small"><i>Help Us Protect This Park</i></span></h2>
-<p class="tb">Park regulations are designed for the
-protection of the natural features and
-for your comfort and convenience. The
-following synopsis is for your guidance:</p>
-<p><span class="sc">Fires.</span> Light carefully and only in
-designated campgrounds. Extinguish
-completely before leaving camp, even for
-a temporary absence. Do not guess your
-fire is out&mdash;KNOW IT. One spark
-may start a forest fire, destroy the beauty
-of the park, and endanger many lives.
-Throwing burning materials from car
-windows constitutes a fire threat and is
-unlawful in most western States.</p>
-<p><span class="sc">Camps.</span> Use designated campgrounds
-and keep them clean. Burn combustible
-rubbish on campfires, and place other
-refuse of all kinds in garbage cans or pits
-provided for the purpose. Only down
-material may be used as firewood.</p>
-<p><span class="sc">Trash.</span> Do not throw paper, lunch
-refuse, or other trash over the rim, on
-walks, trails, roads, or elsewhere.
-Carry until you can burn in camp or place
-in receptacle.</p>
-<p><span class="sc">Trees, Flowers, and Animals.</span> The
-destruction, injury, disturbance, or removal
-in any way of trees, flowers, birds,
-or animals is prohibited in order that
-everyone may enjoy the beauties of
-nature.</p>
-<p><span class="sc">Noises.</span> Please do not be noisy in
-camp before 6 a. m. and after 10 p. m.
-Many people come to the park for rest.</p>
-<p><span class="sc">Automobiles.</span> Drive carefully.
-Speeds limits, which vary for different
-sections of the park, are posted.</p>
-<p><span class="sc">Pets.</span> When not in an automobile,
-dogs, cats, and other pets must be on
-leash or otherwise under physical
-restrictive control at all times. They
-are not permitted in the lodge, in the
-dining room, the store, other public
-buildings or on any of the trails.</p>
-<p><span class="sc">Warning About Bears and Deer.</span>
-Do not feed, touch, tease, or molest
-the bears and deer. Bears will enter or
-break into automobiles if food that they
-can smell is left inside. They will also
-rob your camp of unprotected food
-supplies.</p>
-<p><span class="sc">Fishing.</span> Open season: Streams, June
-15-September 10; Crater Lake, when
-trail is open. The limit is 10 fish per
-day for each person fishing. No fishing
-license is necessary. Possession of
-bait fish, or the use thereof as bait, is not
-allowed.</p>
-<p><span class="sc">Accidents.</span> Report all accidents and
-injuries as soon as possible to the ranger
-office at park headquarters.</p>
-<p>Complete rules and regulations are
-available at park headquarters.</p>
-<div class="box">
-<h2 id="c15"><span class="small"><i>VISITOR USE FEES</i></span></h2>
-<p>Automobile, housetrailer, and motorcycle permit fees are collected at entrance stations.
-When vehicles enter at times when entrance stations are unattended, it is necessary that
-the permit be obtained before leaving the park and be shown upon reentry. The fees
-applicable to the park are not listed herein because they are subject to change, but they
-may be obtained in advance of a visit by addressing a request to the superintendent.</p>
-<p>All national park fees are deposited as revenue in the U. S. Treasury; they offset, in
-part, appropriations made for operating and maintaining the National Park System.</p>
-</div>
-<p><span class="small">Revised 1958</span></p>
-<p><span class="lr"><span class="ss smallest">U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1958&mdash;O-458046</span></span></p>
-<h2 id="trnotes">Transcriber&rsquo;s Notes</h2>
-<ul>
-<li>Silently corrected a few typos.</li>
-<li>Retained publication information from the printed edition: this eBook is public-domain in the country of publication.</li>
-<li>In the text versions only, text in italics is delimited by _underscores_.</li>
-</ul>
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