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If you are not located in the United States, you -will have to check the laws of the country where you are located before -using this eBook. - -Title: Facts for the People of the Free States - -Author: American and Foreign Anti-Slavery Society - -Release Date: July 5, 2021 [eBook #65774] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: UTF-8 - -Produced by: hekula03, Splendid Geryon and the Online Distributed - Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This file was - produced from images generously made available by the Library - of Congress) - -*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK FACTS FOR THE PEOPLE OF THE FREE -STATES *** - - Liberty Tract. No. 2. - - FACTS FOR THE PEOPLE - - OF THE - - FREE STATES. - - [Illustration: PRIVATE SLAVE-PRISON AT WASHINGTON.] - - NEW YORK: - PUBLISHED BY WILLIAM HARNED, - FOR THE - AMERICAN AND FOREIGN ANTI-SLAVERY SOCIETY, - 22 Spruce Street. - $1 PER 100, $8 PER 1000. - - - - -SOUTHERN SCENES IN 1846. - - -[Illustration] - -Murder of Slaves. - -The Abbeville (S. C.) Banner states, that two of Gov. -McDuffie's slaves were killed on Friday, Feb. 13th, by two -other slaves, acting in the capacity of _drivers_! They were -killed by what the law terms "moderate correction!" - - -A Slave Woman attempting Suicide at Baltimore. - -In June, 1846, the Baltimore Sun gave an account of a woman who -"jumped out of the window of the place in which her owner had -confined her, and immediately took the nearest route to throw -herself into the water." She was rescued. But, says the Sun, -"Upon being taken upon the deck of the vessel, she begged the -by-standers to let her drown herself, stating, that she would -'sooner be dead, than go back again _to be beaten as she had -been_!'" - - -A Slave Suicide effected at Richmond, Va. - -A correspondent of the Philadelphia Inquirer, July 25, 1846, -wrote from Richmond, as follows:--"An unpleasant occurrence -took place in this city yesterday. A man, who has a number -of negroes in his employment, was proceeding, for a slight -offence, to punish one of them by whipping, when the poor -wretch, knowing his master's unmerciful nature, implored that -he might be _hung_ at once, instead of whipped. This of course -would not answer, and on tying the negro's hands behind him -in the usual manner, the employer went into another room to -procure a cowhide, when the negro, taking advantage of his -master's absence, rushed from the room, jumped into the river, -and was drowned." - - -Slave Suicide and Slave Hunting in Louisiana. - -In June, 1846, the New Orleans Commercial Times said--"We -learn that a few days since a negro man, belonging to Captain -Newport, of East Baton Rouge, while closely pursued by the dogs -of Mr. Roark, of this Parish, ascended a tree and hung himself. -Mr. Roark, with Captain Newport's son-in-law and overseer, -were in pursuit of a runaway slave. They did not know that -this negro was out, and were surprised upon their arrival, a -few minutes in the rear of the dogs, to find him suspended by -his neck, with his feet dangling only a foot or two from the -earth. Every effort was made to restore animation, but without -success, although on their coming up the body was still warm. -The act was one, it would seem, of resolute predetermination, -as the slave was well provided with cords, which he made use of -to perpetrate his suicidal purpose." - - -More Murders of Slaves. - -The Palmyra (Mo.) Courier, in August, 1846, says:--"We -understand that a gentleman, living in Macon county, while -out hunting with his rifle, last week, came suddenly upon -two fugitive slaves, who gave him battle. He shot one, and -split the other's skull with the barrel of his gun. He then -started for home, but before reaching it he met a man in the -road, who inquired if he had seen or heard of two runaway -negroes--describing them. The gentleman replied, that he had -just killed two, and related the circumstance. On proceeding to -the spot, the stranger identified them as his slaves." - - - - -THE FUGITIVE SLAVE. - -[Illustration] - - -A Slave Hunter Killed. - -The following is from the Washington (Pa.) Patriot of 1846: -"We learn that a few days ago, a fugitive slave from Maryland -was pursued and overtaken in Somerset county, in this State -by a man named Holland, a wagoner from Ohio, who was tempted -to the task by the reward offered, $150. When they reached -McCarty's tavern the slave attempted to escape, but was caught -by Holland while in the act of climbing a fence. The slave drew -a long knife, which he had concealed about his person, and -plunged it into Holland's heart, causing his death instantly. -He made good his escape, immediately pursued by the people of -the neighborhood, who at nightfall, had surrounded him, but in -the darkness of the night he eluded their vigilance, and is now -beyond their reach." - - -The Rights of the Fugitive. - -The Hon. J. R. Giddings, in a speech in the House of -Representatives, at Washington, Feb. 18, 1846, said--"In regard -to arresting slaves, we [of the free States] owe no duties to -the master; on the contrary, all our sympathies, our feelings, -and our moral duties, beyond what I have stated, are with the -slave. We will neither arrest him for the master, nor will -we assist the master in making such arrest. I am aware that -the third clause of the second section of the first article -of the Constitution was once believed, by some, to impose -upon the people of these free States the duty of arresting -fugitive slaves. But it is now judicially settled that no such -obligation rests upon us. Indeed a proposition to impose upon -us such a duty, at the time of framing the Constitution, was -rejected, without a division, by the Convention. We, therefore, -leave the master to arrest the slave if he can; and we leave -the slave to defend himself against the master if he can. We do -not interfere between them. The slave possesses as perfect a -right to defend his person and his liberty against the master -as any citizen of our State. Our laws protect him against every -other person, except the master or his agent, but they leave -him to protect himself against them. If he, while defending -himself, slays the master, our laws do not interfere to punish -him in any way, further than they would any other person who -should slay a man in actual self-defence. The laws of the slave -State cannot reach him, nor is there any law, of God or man, -that condemns him. On the contrary, our reason, our judgment, -our humanity approves the act; and we admire the courage and -firmness with which he defends the "inalienable rights with -which the God of Nature has endowed him." We regard him as a -hero worthy of imitation; and we place his name in the same -category with that of Madison Washington, who, on board the -Creole, boldly maintained his God-given rights, against those -inhuman pirates who were carrying him and his fellow-servants -to a worse than savage slave-market." - - * * * * * - -ANOTHER SLAVE SUICIDE. "The slave of a farmer in an adjoining -county, (Jefferson,) having been jumped upon and stamped by his -master, _with spurs on_, so as to cruelly lacerate his face as -well as his body, he was found, next morning, in an adjacent -pond or stream of water--having tied a stone to his own neck, -(as it is said,) and plunged in, for the successful purpose of -drowning himself, under the feelings of desperation caused by -the fiendish treatment of his master!"--_Balt. Sat. Visiter, -Aug., 1846._ - - -PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES. - - ---+---------------+--------+-----+---------+------+-------+-------------+------ - No.| Name. | Native |Born.|Installed|Age at| Years | Died. | Age - | | State. | | into | that |in the | |at his - | | | | office. | time.|office.| |death. - ---+---------------+--------+-----+---------+------+-------+-------------+------ - 1.|Geo. Washington|Virginia|1732 | 1789 | 57 | 8 |Dec. 14, 1799| 68 - 2.|John Adams |Mass. |1735 | 1796 | 62 | 4 |July 4, 1826| 91 - 3.|Thos. Jefferson|Virginia|1743 | 1801 | 52 | 8 |July 4, 1826| 83 - 4.|James Madison |Virginia|1751 | 1809 | 58 | 8 |June 28, 1836| 85 - 5.|James Monroe |Virginia|1758 | 1817 | 58 | 8 |July 4, 1831| 72 - 6.|John Q. Adams |Mass. |1767 | 1825 | 58 | 4 | | - 7.|Andrew Jackson |Virginia|1767 | 1829 | 62 | 8 |June 8, 1845| 78 - 8.|M. Van Buren |N. York |1782 | 1837 | 55 | 4 | | - 9.|Wm. H. Harrison|Virginia|1773 | 1841 | 68 | -- |April 4, 1841| 68 - 10.|John Tyler |Virginia|1790 | 1841 | 51 | 4 | | - 11.|James K. Polk |N. Car. |1795 | 1845 | 49 | | | - - -PRESIDENTIAL TESTIMONIES. - -GEORGE WASHINGTON.--"I never mean, unless some -particular circumstance should compel me to it, to possess -another slave by purchase: _it being among my first wishes to -see some plan adopted by which slavery in this country may be -abolished by law_."--_Letter to John F. Mercer._ - -"There is not a man living, who wishes more sincerely than I -do, to see a plan adopted for the abolition of it (Slavery); -but there is only one proper and effectual mode by which it can -be accomplished, and that is, by the legislative authority; -and this, _as far as my suffrage will go, will not be -wanting_."--_Letter to Robert Morris._ - -JOHN ADAMS.--"Great is truth--great is liberty--great is -humanity; and they must and will prevail." - -THOMAS JEFFERSON.--"The rightful _power_ of all legislation is -to declare and enforce _only_ our NATURAL RIGHTS AND DUTIES, -and _take none of them from us_. No man has a natural right -to _commit aggressions on the equal rights of another_, and -this is ALL from which the law ought to _restrain him_. Every -man is under a natural duty of contributing to the necessities -of society, and this is all the law should enforce upon him. -When the laws have declared and enforced all this, they have -fulfilled their functions."--"The idea is quite unfounded, that -on entering into society, _we give up any natural right_." - -"The whole commerce between master and slave is a perpetual -exercise of the most boisterous passions; the most unremitting -despotism on the one part, and degrading submissions on the -other. * * And with what execration should the statesman be -loaded, who, permitting one-half the citizens thus to trample -on the rights of the others, transforms those into despots, and -these into enemies, destroys the morals of the one part, and -the love of country of the other. For, if a slave can have a -country in this world, it must be any other in preference to -that in which he is born to live and labor for another. * * And -can the liberties of a nation be thought secure when we have -removed their only firm basis, a conviction in the minds of the -people, that these liberties are the gift of God; that they are -not to be violated but with his wrath? Indeed, I tremble for my -country when I reflect that God is just; and that his justice -cannot sleep forever. * * When the measure of the slaves' tears -shall be full; when their tears shall have involved heaven -itself in darkness; doubtless a God of justice will awaken to -their distress, and by diffusing light and liberality among -their oppressors, or, at length by his exterminating thunder, -manifest his attention to things of the world, and that they -are not left to the guidance of blind fatality."--_Notes on -Virginia._ - -JAMES MADISON.--"It seemed now to be pretty well understood, -that the real difference of interests lay, not between the -large and small, but between the Northern and Southern States. -The institution of slavery, and its consequences, formed the -line of discrimination."--_Speech in the Convention for the -formation of the Federal Constitution._ - -JAMES MONROE.--"We have found that this evil (slavery) -has preyed upon the very vitals of the Union; and has -been prejudicial to all the States in which it has -existed."--_Speech in the Virginia Convention._ - -JOHN Q. ADAMS.--"Nay, I may go further, and insist that that -(the slave) representation has ever been, in fact, _the -ruling power of this government._ The history of the Union -has afforded a continual proof that this representation of -property, which they enjoy, has secured to the slaveholding -States the control of the national policy, and, almost without -exception, the possession of the highest executive office of -the Union."--_Speech in Congress, Feb. 4, 1833._ - -"Fellow citizens: The numbers of freemen constituting your -nation are much greater than those of the slaveholding States, -bond and free. You have at least three-fifths of the whole -population of the Union. Your influence on the legislation and -the administration of the government ought to be in proportion -of three to two. But how stands the fact? * * * By means of the -double representation, the minority command the whole, and a -_knot of slaveholders give the law and prescribe the policy of -the country_."--_Speech at North Bridgewater, Nov. 6, 1844._ - -JAMES K. POLK.--On the 12th of May, 1841, a resolution was -introduced in Congress, to the effect, "That the President of -the United States be requested to renew, and to prosecute, -from time to time, such negotiations with the several maritime -powers of Europe and America, as he may deem expedient _for -the effectual abolition of the African Slave Trade_, and its -ultimate denunciation as _piracy_ under the law of nations, -by the consent of the civilized world." The vote on this -resolution was 118 ayes and 32 nays; _James K. Polk voting -in the negative_. (Cong. Deb. vol. 7., p. 850). Mr. Polk, -since occupying the presidency, has pardoned two individuals, -convicted in the courts of having been engaged in this trade. - - - - -BURDENS OF SLAVERY ON THE FREE. - -The Presidency. - - -Of the fourteen presidential terms, now expired since the -formation of the government, eleven have been filled by -slaveholders, one by a "Northern man with Southern principles," -and only two by Northern men. The present incumbent is a -slaveholder, sworn fully to do his utmost to uphold, and even -extend the abomination; and most terribly he is fulfilling his -vow, in the surrender of free territory in Oregon, and in a -war of conquest for slavery in Mexico, at a cost of millions -of dollars and thousands of lives. By holding the Presidency, -slavery controls the cabinet, the diplomacy, the army, and the -navy of the country. The power that controls the Presidency -controls the nation. No Northern President has been allowed to -serve more than one term. - - -The Vice Presidency. - -The President exercises much of his power by and with the -Senate. The Vice President is, ex-officio, President of the -Senate. As such, he has the casting vote in all questions -before that body. For the last twenty years, with one -exception, _he has been a slaveholder_. From the adoption of -the Constitution up to June 1842, there were 76 elections, in -the Senate, of President pro. tem. Of these the slave States -had 60 and the free States 16. Most of the 16 were in the -earlier periods of the government. Mr. Southard was elected -in 1842. Previous to that, no Northern man had received -the appointment for _thirty_ years! so careful were the -slaveholders to watch their interests by securing the casting -vote. - - -Senate. - -For a long series of years the Senate has been equally divided -between the free and the slave States. In this condition of -it, it was a great point with the slaveholders to secure the -casting vote of the Vice Presidency, and right carefully have -they done it. This vote is of less importance now, since, by -the admission of Texas, the balance of power is broken up, and -"The Valley of Rascals," on any tie vote, now rules the Senate -and the nation. - - -Department of State. - -The Office of Secretary of State is the most important of any, -perhaps, in the cabinet of the President. As it is the duty -of this officer to direct the correspondence with foreign -courts, instruct our foreign ministers, negotiate treaties, -&c.; his station is second only, in importance, to that of -the Presidency itself. Of the 15, who had filled this office -up to 1845, the slave States have had 10; the free States 5. -The whole number of officers in this department at Washington, -in 1846, is 86. Of these Virginia has 6 and the District of -Columbia 45. - - -The War Department. - -In 1846, there are, at Washington, 98 officers in this -department. Of these, the District of Columbia has 49--exactly -one half, and Virginia and Maryland have the balance. - -The free States generally have furnished the seamen and the -soldiers; the men to do the fighting and endure the hard -knocks, _but slavery has taken care to furnish Southern men for -officers_. Thus, of 1054 naval officers, New England has only -172; of the 68 commanders, New England has only 11; of the 328 -lieutenants, New England has only 59; of the 562 midshipmen, -New England has only 82; and New England owns nearly half the -tonnage of the country. Of all the officers in the navy in -1844, whether in service or waiting orders, Pennsylvania, with -a free population more than double that of Virginia, had but -177, while Virginia had 224. In 1842, under Mr. Upshur, of 191 -naval appointments, the slave States had 117; the free States -only 73. - - -Post Office. - -The greatest opposition to cheap postage is from the South. The -reason is obvious. As multitudes of their Post-routes do not -pay for themselves, they must be paid for, through a system of -high postage, by the North, or be given up. Thus in 1842, the -deficit in the Post Office department from the slave States -was $571,000, while the excess over the expenditures in the -free States was $600,000. This went of course to make up the -deficiency of the South. So that in 1842 alone the North paid -all its own postage, and $571,000 of postage for the South. Nor -was this all. The whole number of miles of mail transportation -for 1842, was 34,835,991, at an expense of $3,087,796. Of -these miles, the mail was carried 20,331,461, at a cost of -$1,508,413, in the free States; and 14,504,530 miles, at a cost -of $1,579,383 in the slave States; that is, it cost $70,970 -more to carry the mail in the slave States than in the free, -while it ran 5,826,931 miles less. Under the new system, from -official returns, presenting a comparative view of the postage -received at forty-two offices, North and South, during the -third quarter of 1844 and 1845, it appears that while the -falling off at the offices in the free States has not been one -third, that at the offices in the slave States has been more -than one half. - - -Civil, Diplomatic and Consular Agencies. - -That most of the "spoils" of office, in these departments go to -the slaveholders is well known. The following is the Diplomatic -Agency of 1846. - -FULL MINISTERS. To _Great Britain_, Louis McLane; _France_, -William R. King; _Spain_, Romulus M. Saunders; _Turkey_, -Dabney S. Carr; _Mexico_, John Slidell; _Brazil_, Henry A. -Wise;--all from slave States; and _Russia_, R. I. Ingersoll -from Connecticut. - -CHARGES. _Austria_, William A. Stiles; _Holland_, Auguste -Davezac; _Belgium_, Thomas G. Glenson; _The two Sicilies_, -William H. Polk; _Sardinia_, Robert Wickliffe; _Portugal_, -Abraham Rencher; _Venezuela_, Benjamin G. Shields; _Buenos -Ayres_, George Harris; _Chili_, William Crump, all from the -slave states, and from the free States only _Denmark_, William -W. Irwin; _Sweden_, H. W. Ellsworth; _Central America_, B. W. -Bidlack; and _Peru_, A. G. Jewett. - -Thus, of the seven full ministers six are from the slave -States; and of the thirteen Charges, _nine_ are from the -same; and the four given to Northern men are among the most -insignificant governments in the world. And this favoritism of -the South has been the policy for years. The civil and consular -agencies are dispensed with a like injustice to the free -States. The following, prepared by Prof. Cleveland, gives the -number of persons employed in 1845, in these several agencies, -from a few States, with their salaries, and the number of free -white inhabitants in the same. - - Free States. | Free Pop. | Persons | Salaries | Slave States | Free Pop. | Persons | Salaries | - ---------------+------------+---------+----------+--------------+-----------+---------+----------+ - New York, | 2,378,890 | 37 | $63,250 | Virginia, | 740,968 | 114 | $200,395 - Pennsylvania, | 1,676,115 | 90 | 123,790 | Maryland, | 318,204 | 133 | 170,305 - Massachusetts, | 729,030 | 43 | 86,215 | Dist. Colum.,| 30,657 | 99 | 77,455 - Ohio, | 1,502,122 | 6 | 4,400 | Kentucky, | 590,253 | 7 | 34,150 - - -Presidential Electors. - -During the twenty years, ending in 1832, there were six -presidential elections. In these, the South cast 608 electoral -votes, but only 41 of them for Northern candidates. During the -twenty years, ending in 1835, there were five presidential -elections, in which the South cast 515 electoral votes, only 11 -of which were for Northern candidates. - -In the presidential election of 1844, _thirteen_ free States -had 161 electors, and gave 1,890,884 votes--_one_ elector to -11,739 votes; while _twelve_ slave States had 105 electors and -gave 798,848 votes--_one_ elector to 6,608 votes. In other -terms; _six_ slave State votes counted as much in choice of -President and Vice President as _eleven_ free State votes. In -the same election, Michigan had 5 electors and gave 56,222 -votes, or _one_ elector to 11,244 votes; while Louisiana had -6 electors and gave 26,865 votes, or _one_ elector to 4,447 -votes--that is, _four_ slaveholding Louisiana votes were equal -to _eleven_ free Michigan votes. - - -Federal Representation. - -The present number of the House of Representatives, including -Texas is 228. Of these 21 represent slave property. In fixing -the ratio of representation, after the last census, the -House adopted that of 50,179. This would have given a House -of 306 members, and the free States a majority of 68. But -a small majority is more easily managed than a large. The -Senate rejected that ratio and sent back the bill with the -ratio of 70,680. This reduced the House to 223 and brought -down the majority of the free States to the more manageable -number of 47. The effect of the odd number, 680, was to -deprive the four great States of the north, Massachusetts, -New York, Pennsylvania and Ohio, of one member each, with -no corresponding disadvantage to any slave State. Of this -proceeding, even the correspondent of the New York Herald -said,--"The Senate apportionment has robbed the North of at -least one quarter of its practical influence in the Union, when -regarded in its full extent; and the members of the free States -who voted for it, have thus surrendered the rights of their -constituents, and violated their trusts." - - -The House of Representatives. - -The Speaker of the House has the appointment of all committees, -and of course exerts an immense influence in this, as well as -other ways, in the legislation of the country. During 31 of the -34 years, from 1811 to 1845, the speakers were all slaveholders. - - -Judiciary. - -The Supreme Court of the United States is the court of -highest appeal in the nation. Its decision on all questions -coming before it is final. Of the 30 judges of this court, -the slave States have had 17; the free States 13. The -circuits and salaries are still more unequal and unjust. -Vermont, Connecticut, and New York, with 42 representatives -in Congress, and a free population of over _three millions_, -constitute but one circuit; while Alabama and Louisiana, with -but 11 representatives and a free population of but _half_ -a _million_, constitute another. So of other circuits. -Louisiana, with a free population of 183,959, has one judge -at a salary of $3,000; Ohio, with a population of 1,519,461, -more than eight times as great as that of Louisiana, has only -one judge, at a salary of $1,000: that is, with eight times as -many people to do business for, he receives one-third as much -pay. Arkansas, with a free population of 77,639, has one judge -at a salary of $2,000; New Hampshire, with a population of -284,573, has but one judge, at a salary of $1,000. Mississippi, -with a free population of 180,440, has one judge, at a salary -of $2,500; Indiana, with a population of 685,863, has but one -judge, at a salary of $1,000--that is, two-fifths as much pay -for doing more than three times the work! - - -Surplus Revenue. - -The Surplus Revenue, distributed by the Act of 1836, amounted -to 37,468,859 dollars. The slaveholders managed to have it -distributed, not, as it should have been, on the basis of -free population, but that of federal representation. Thereby -the South, with a free population of 3,823,289, received -$16,058,082,85, while the North, with a free population of -7,008,451, received but $21,410,777,12. So that for each -inhabitant of the _free_ North, there was received but $3,06; -while for each _free_ person in the South, there was received -$4,20; or $1,14 more for each free person in the South, than -for each free person in the North. The South, by this operation -alone, received for her slave representation in Congress, -$4,358,549! - - -Revolutionary War. - -In this war,--New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, -Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania,--seven -States--furnished 172,436 troops and were paid for services, -$61,971,167. Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, -South Carolina, and Georgia--six States--furnished 59,335 -troops, and received $52,438,130. In other terms, the Northern -States furnished about three times the number of troops and -received less than one fifth more pay. In particular States the -inequality was far greater. - - -The War of 1812. - -The Slaveholders envied the commercial prosperity of the -North, and, to crush it, decreed the war of 1812, under the -pretence of defending "free trade and sailor's rights;" and -one hundred and thirty-seven millions of dollars were wasted -in its prosecution, and $200,000,000 more were lost on sea -and land by Northern merchants and farmers, and then, leaving -"free trade and sailor's rights" where they were before, they -made peace, and demanded a National Bank and Protective Tariff. -And in the prosecution of the war, says ALVAN STEWART, Esq, -(Address to Abolitionists Aug. 1846)--"The South placed Major -General Smyth at Buffalo, a slaveholding lawyer of Virginia; -Major General Winder, a slaveholding lawyer of Maryland, at -Forty Mile Creek, on the side of Lake Ontario; Major General -Wilkinson, a Louisiana slaveholder, at the Cedars and Rapids -of the St. Lawrence; and Major General Wade Hampton, the great -sugar boiler of Louisiana, and the largest slaveholder in the -United States, (having over 5000 crushed human beings bowing to -this monster and tyrant), was located at Burlington, Vermont, -four slaveholding Generals with their four armies, were -stretched out on our northern frontier, not to _take_ Canada, -but to prevent its being taken, by the men of New England and -New York, in 1812, '13 and '14; lest we should make some six or -eight free States from Canada, if conquered. This was treason -against Northern interests, blood and honor. This horrid -revelation could have been proved by General John Armstrong, -then Secretary of War, after he and Mr. Madison quarreled." - - -Florida, Florida War, Removal of the Indians. - -While Florida was in possession of Spain it furnished an -asylum for slaves escaping from the contiguous States. It was -therefore bought, at the dictation of the slaveholders, at an -expense of $5,000,000. For the same purpose, and at the same -dictation the late Florida War was waged, and the native Indian -exiled. Of this, the Hon. J. R. GIDDINGS, 1845, said,--"They -(the army) captured 460 negroes, who were adjudged slaves by -staff officers of the army, to whom the duty was assigned, and -who delivered them over to interminable bondage. [See House -Doc. 52, 3d Sess. 27th Congress.] We have no means by which -we can determine the number of lives sacrificed in that war; -but it may be safely asserted, that the capture of each slave -cost the lives of two white men, and at least $80,000 in cash, -the most of which was drawn from the pockets of the people of -the free States. The whole expense of the war is estimated at -$40,000,000. The moral guilt incurred, and the sacrifice of -national character cannot be estimated. Perhaps I ought to -add, on the authority of Gen. Jessup, that bloodhounds were -also purchased to act as auxiliaries to our army, and that -bloodhounds, and soldiers, and officers, marched together under -the star-spangled banner, in pursuit of the panting fugitives -who had fled from Southern oppression. [House Doc. 125, 3d -Sess. 25th Congress.] And blood hounds, and soldiers, and -officers were paid for from the avails of Northern industry; -while our people were not permitted to petition their servants -to be relieved from such degradation." One R. Fitzpatrick was -employed to get the blood hounds. He obtained thirty-three, -and the cost, including expenses of bringing to Florida, was -$5000. The removal of the Indians from the several slave States -was merely to make room for slavery; and it has cost at least -$50,000,000, and of all these millions the North has had to pay -the largest share. - - -Texas and the Mexican War. - -Everybody knows that Texas was annexed and that the war is -waged to extend and strengthen Slavery. The cost of these -measures is yet to be ascertained. There is little doubt that -it will exceed rather than fall short of one hundred millions. - - -Bank, Tariff, Southern Bankruptcy, &c. - -The South originated the Bank and the Tariff. When they ceased -to work for its interests, the South abolished both. The sums -filched from the North by these changes of national polity and -by Southern bankrupts, seem almost incredible. $27,000,000, of -the capital of the United States Bank was sunk at the South. -$500,000,000, it is estimated, would not more than meet the -losses of the North, in sixty years, from Southern bankruptcy. -In fine, there is no end to these burdens--this side-wise -plunder of the free, by those whose entire life is a wholesale -plunder of the Slave. How long will freemen bear it? - - "We have a weapon firmer set - And better than the bayonet:-- - A weapon that comes down, as still - As snow-flakes fall upon the sod, - But executes a freeman's will - As lightning does the will of God; - And from its force, nor doors nor locks - Can shield you:--tis THE BALLOT-BOX." - - -SLAVEHOLDING RELIGION. - - -Maintaining Theological Seminaries. - -The following is the conclusion of an advertisement in the -Savannah Republican of March 23, 1845:-- - -"Also, at the same time and place, the following negro slaves, -to wit: Charles, Peggy, Antonet, Davy, September, Maria, Jenny, -and Isaac, levied as the property of HENRY T. HALL, to satisfy -a mortgage _fi. fa._, issued out of the Supreme Court, in favor -of the _Board of Directors_ of the _Theological Seminary_ of -the SYNOD OF SOUTH CAROLINA AND GEORGIA, vs. said Henry T. -Hall. Conditions, Cash. - - C. O'NEAL, Sheriff M. C." - - -Buying Church Furniture. - -A runaway slave, in 1841, assigned the following as his reason -for not communing with the church to which he belonged at -the South. "The church," said he, "had silver furniture for -the administration of the Lord's Supper, to procure which, -they _sold my brother_! and I could not bear the feelings it -produced, to go forward and receive the sacrament from the -vessels which were the purchase of my brother's blood." - - -Supporting Churches by Slave Jobbing. - -The Rev. J. Cable, of Indiana, May 20, 1846, in a letter to the -Mercer Luminary, says:--"I have lived eight years in a slave -State, (Va.)--received my Theological education at the Union -Theological Seminary, near Hampden Sydney College. Those who -know anything about slavery, know the worst kind is jobbing -slavery--that is, the hiring out of slaves from year to year, -while the master is not present to protect them. It is the -interest of the one who hires them, to get the worth of his -money of them, and the loss is the master's if they die. What -shocked me more than anything else, was the church engaged in -this jobbing of slaves. The college church which I attended, -and which was attended by all the students of Hampden Sydney -College and Union Theological Seminary, held slaves enough to -pay their pastor, Mr. Stanton, ONE THOUSAND DOLLARS a year, of -which the church members did not pay a cent (so I understood -it). The slaves, who had been left to the church by some pious -mother in Israel, had increased so as to be a large and still -increasing fund. These were hired out on Christmas day of -each year, the day in which they celebrate the birth of our -blessed Savior, to the highest bidder. These worked hard the -whole year to pay the pastor his $1000 a year, and it was left -to the caprice of their employers whether they ever heard one -sermon for which they toiled hard the whole year to procure. -This was the church in which the professors of the seminary -and the college often officiated. Since the abolitionists have -made so much noise about the connection of the church with -slavery, the Rev. Elisha Balenter informed me the church had -sold this _property_ and put the money in _other stock_. There -were four churches near the college church, that were in the -same situation with this, when I was in that country, that -supported the pastor, in whole or in part, in the same way, -viz: Cumberland church, John Kirkpatrick, pastor; Briny church, -William Plummer, pastor, (since Dr. P. of Richmond;) Buffalo -church, Mr. Cochran, pastor; Pisga church, near the peaks of -Otter, J. Mitchell, pastor." - - -Selling Ministers as Slaves. - -At the great Convention, at Cincinnati, in June 1845, Mr. -Needham of Louisville, Ky., said:--"Sir, in 1844, a Methodist -preacher, with regular license and certificate, was placed in -the Louisville jail, as a slave on sale. He preached in the -jail sermons which would have done credit to any white preacher -of the town. He kept a little memorandum in his pocket, in -which he marked the number of persons hopefully converted under -his preaching. I represented his case to leading Methodists in -Louisville, and showed them a copy of his papers which I had -taken. _Not one of them visited him in his prison._ He said he -forgave those who had imprisoned him and were about to sell -him. He was sold down the river, which was the last time I saw -him." - - -A Slaveholding D. D. whipping his "b--h" on Sabbath morning -preparatory to preaching. - -March 28, 1843, in a public address at Cincinnati, the Rev. -Edward Smith, True Wesleyan, of Pittsburgh, stated that he -had lived in slave states thirty-two years; and, speaking -of a certain D. D. of his acquaintance, he adds:--"He was a -slaveholder, and a severe one, too, and often, with his own -hands, he applied the cowhide to the naked backs of his slaves. -On one occasion, a woman that served in the house, committed, -on Sabbath morning, an offence of too great magnitude to go -unpunished until Monday morning. The Dr. took his woman into -the cellar, and as is usual in such cases, stripped her from -her waist up, and then applied the lash. The woman writhed and -winced under each stroke, and cried, '_Oh Lord!_ OH LORD!! -OH LORD!!!' The Doctor stopped, and his hands fell to his -side as though struck with palsy, gazed on the woman with -astonishment, and thus addressed her, (the congregation must -pardon me for repeating his words), 'Hush, you b--h, will you -take the name of the Lord in vain on the Sabbath day?' When he -had stopped the woman from the gross profanity of crying to God -on the Sabbath day, he finished whipping her, and then went -and essayed to preach that gospel to his congregation, which -proclaims liberty to the captive and the opening of the prison -doors to them who are bound." - - -The Greatest Impediment. - -"We are about to make an announcement," says the True American, -"which must sound very strange to those whose field of -observation is unlike our own: The greatest impediment to the -success of the Anti-Slavery movement in the slave States is, -the opposition to it of those men who profess to have been -commissioned by high Heaven to go abroad and use their efforts -for the mitigation of human misery and the extirpation of human -wrong! This assertion, which appears so monstrous, will not -surprise any one who lives among slaveholders. Our conviction -of its truth has been confirmed by extensive observation." - - - - -RELIGIOUS TESTIMONIES. - - -ARCHBISHOP POTTER. Some of our wise ones will have it that -_doulos_ means slave. Archbishop Potter, than whom no man was -more learned in Grecian antiquities, in his work on them, -published years ago, says, chap. 10, "Slaves, as long as they -were under the government of a master, were called _oiketdi_; -but _after their freedom_ was granted them, they were _douloi_, -not being like the former, a part of their master's estate, -but only obliged to some grateful acknowledgments and small -services, such as were required of the _Metoikoi_, to whom they -were in some few things inferior." - - * * * * * - -THE YOUNGER EDWARDS, (Pastor of a church in New Haven, and -afterwards President of Union College)--"Every man who cannot -show, that his negro hath by his voluntary conduct, forfeited -his liberty, is obligated _immediately to manumit him_. And to -hold [such an one] in a state of slavery, is to be every day -guilty of robbing him of his liberty, or of _man-stealing_--and -fifty years from this time (1791) it will be as _shameful for a -man to hold a negro slave, as to be guilty of common robbery or -theft_." - - * * * * * - -DR. ADAM CLARKE. "Among Christians slavery is an _enormity_, -and a _crime_ for which _perdition_ has scarcely an adequate -state of punishment." - - * * * * * - -REV. ALBERT BARNES. "From the whole train of reasoning which -I have pursued, I trust it will not be considered as improper -to regard it as a position clearly demonstrated, that the fair -influence of the Christian religion would everywhere abolish -slavery. Let its principles be acted out; let its maxims -prevail and rule in the hearts of all men, and the system, -in the language of the Princeton Repertory, 'would SPEEDILY -come to an end.' In what way this is to be brought about, and -in what manner the influence of the church may be made to -bear upon it, are points on which there may be differences of -opinion. But there is one method which is obvious, and which, -if everywhere practised, would certainly lead to this result. -It is, _for the Christian church to cease all connection with -slavery_." - - * * * * * - -REV. S. H. COX, D. D. "The cause of human rights is only the -converse of the cause of human duties; and how pious, or how -orthodox, or how heroic, I should like to know, is he, for -whose higher evangelical refinement of sensibility, this -subject of righteousness is too 'delicate' to be theologized -into our ethics, our creed, or our prayers? Away with such -nauseating and hypocritical affectation, in high places, and -low ones, too."--_Letter to S. J. May, Auburn, May 5, 1835._ - - - - -ANTI-SLAVERY DEPOSITORY, - -PUBLICATION OFFICE, - -AND - -FREE READING ROOM; - -NO. 22 SPRUCE STREET, - -(3rd door east of NASSAU STREET,) - -NEW YORK. - - -William Harned, Publishing Agent of the American and Foreign -Anti-Slavery Society, invites the attention of the friends of -the cause in every part of the country, to the new Depository -and Publishing Office, which is centrally and pleasantly -located, and designed to afford every attainable facility for -promoting the great objects of the Society. - -THE AMERICAN AND FOREIGN ANTI-SLAVERY REPORTER, edited by Rev. -A. A. Phelps, is published monthly, at 50 cents per annum, with -a material reduction to those who take several copies. - - THE READING ROOM, _free to all_, is furnished with files of all - the Anti-Slavery papers and periodicals published in this country; - together with a good selection of religious, literary, and political - papers. It is also intended to establish an extensive Library of all - works on the subject of Slavery, so far as they can be obtained. - - A DEPOSITORY for the sale of Anti-Slavery Publications has been - established; from which it is intended that all the standard works on - Slavery may be obtained, at wholesale and retail. In addition to such - of the publications of the American Anti-Slavery Society as are yet in - print, we have now on sale the following new and popular works, viz.:-- - - Memoirs and Writings of Charles T. Torrey, - Barnes on American Slavery, - Bacon " " " - Debate between Rice and Blanchard, - Discussion between Wayland and Fuller, - Whittier's Poems, 4th and complete edition, - Home, by Rev, Charles T. Torrey, - Clarke's Liberty Minstrel, last edition, - Narrative of Lewis and Milton Clarke, - " " Frederic Douglass, - The Slave: or, Memoirs of Archy Moore, - Poems, by William H. Burleigh, - Winona, the Brown Maid of the South, - Unconstitutionality of Slavery, by Spooner, both editions, - Sinfulness of Slavery, by James G. Birney, - Slavery, and the Slaveholders' Religion, by Brooke, - A Reproof of the American Church, - Condensed Bible Argument, by a Virginian, - Alvan Stewart's Legal Argument, - Address of the Cincinnati Liberty Convention, - An Appeal for the Bondwoman, a Poem by E. Lloyd, - The American Board and Slaveholding, by Rev. W. W. Patton, - German Anti-Slavery Almanac for 1847, &c. &c. - ----> Address all orders for the Reporter, Books, &c. postpaid, -to - - WILLIAM HARNED, 5 Spruce Street, New York. - - - * * * * * - -Transcriber's Notes: - -Italic text is denoted by _underscores_. - -Obvious printer's errors corrected, including unambiguous -typos, spellings corrected to match standard spelling at time -of publication, missing but implied quote marks, and the like. - -On the final page, a small finger pointing to the right has -been replaced with "--->". - -Every effort has been made to replicate this text as faithfully -as possible, including non-standard punctuation, inconsistently -hyphenated words, and other inconsistencies. - -*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK FACTS FOR THE PEOPLE OF THE FREE -STATES *** - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will -be renamed. - -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the -United States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. 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