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diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d7b82bc --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitattributes @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +*.txt text eol=lf +*.htm text eol=lf +*.html text eol=lf +*.md text eol=lf diff --git a/LICENSE.txt b/LICENSE.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6312041 --- /dev/null +++ b/LICENSE.txt @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +This eBook, including all associated images, markup, improvements, +metadata, and any other content or labor, has been confirmed to be +in the PUBLIC DOMAIN IN THE UNITED STATES. + +Procedures for determining public domain status are described in +the "Copyright How-To" at https://www.gutenberg.org. + +No investigation has been made concerning possible copyrights in +jurisdictions other than the United States. Anyone seeking to utilize +this eBook outside of the United States should confirm copyright +status under the laws that apply to them. diff --git a/README.md b/README.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9b873fc --- /dev/null +++ b/README.md @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +Project Gutenberg (https://www.gutenberg.org) public repository for +eBook #65774 (https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/65774) diff --git a/old/65774-0.txt b/old/65774-0.txt deleted file mode 100644 index a25ab6d..0000000 --- a/old/65774-0.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,1296 +0,0 @@ -The Project Gutenberg eBook of Facts for the People of the Free States, by -American and Foreign Anti-Slavery Society - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and -most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms -of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you -will have to check the laws of the country where you are located before -using this eBook. - -Title: Facts for the People of the Free States - -Author: American and Foreign Anti-Slavery Society - -Release Date: July 5, 2021 [eBook #65774] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: UTF-8 - -Produced by: hekula03, Splendid Geryon and the Online Distributed - Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This file was - produced from images generously made available by the Library - of Congress) - -*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK FACTS FOR THE PEOPLE OF THE FREE -STATES *** - - Liberty Tract. No. 2. - - FACTS FOR THE PEOPLE - - OF THE - - FREE STATES. - - [Illustration: PRIVATE SLAVE-PRISON AT WASHINGTON.] - - NEW YORK: - PUBLISHED BY WILLIAM HARNED, - FOR THE - AMERICAN AND FOREIGN ANTI-SLAVERY SOCIETY, - 22 Spruce Street. - $1 PER 100, $8 PER 1000. - - - - -SOUTHERN SCENES IN 1846. - - -[Illustration] - -Murder of Slaves. - -The Abbeville (S. C.) Banner states, that two of Gov. -McDuffie's slaves were killed on Friday, Feb. 13th, by two -other slaves, acting in the capacity of _drivers_! They were -killed by what the law terms "moderate correction!" - - -A Slave Woman attempting Suicide at Baltimore. - -In June, 1846, the Baltimore Sun gave an account of a woman who -"jumped out of the window of the place in which her owner had -confined her, and immediately took the nearest route to throw -herself into the water." She was rescued. But, says the Sun, -"Upon being taken upon the deck of the vessel, she begged the -by-standers to let her drown herself, stating, that she would -'sooner be dead, than go back again _to be beaten as she had -been_!'" - - -A Slave Suicide effected at Richmond, Va. - -A correspondent of the Philadelphia Inquirer, July 25, 1846, -wrote from Richmond, as follows:--"An unpleasant occurrence -took place in this city yesterday. A man, who has a number -of negroes in his employment, was proceeding, for a slight -offence, to punish one of them by whipping, when the poor -wretch, knowing his master's unmerciful nature, implored that -he might be _hung_ at once, instead of whipped. This of course -would not answer, and on tying the negro's hands behind him -in the usual manner, the employer went into another room to -procure a cowhide, when the negro, taking advantage of his -master's absence, rushed from the room, jumped into the river, -and was drowned." - - -Slave Suicide and Slave Hunting in Louisiana. - -In June, 1846, the New Orleans Commercial Times said--"We -learn that a few days since a negro man, belonging to Captain -Newport, of East Baton Rouge, while closely pursued by the dogs -of Mr. Roark, of this Parish, ascended a tree and hung himself. -Mr. Roark, with Captain Newport's son-in-law and overseer, -were in pursuit of a runaway slave. They did not know that -this negro was out, and were surprised upon their arrival, a -few minutes in the rear of the dogs, to find him suspended by -his neck, with his feet dangling only a foot or two from the -earth. Every effort was made to restore animation, but without -success, although on their coming up the body was still warm. -The act was one, it would seem, of resolute predetermination, -as the slave was well provided with cords, which he made use of -to perpetrate his suicidal purpose." - - -More Murders of Slaves. - -The Palmyra (Mo.) Courier, in August, 1846, says:--"We -understand that a gentleman, living in Macon county, while -out hunting with his rifle, last week, came suddenly upon -two fugitive slaves, who gave him battle. He shot one, and -split the other's skull with the barrel of his gun. He then -started for home, but before reaching it he met a man in the -road, who inquired if he had seen or heard of two runaway -negroes--describing them. The gentleman replied, that he had -just killed two, and related the circumstance. On proceeding to -the spot, the stranger identified them as his slaves." - - - - -THE FUGITIVE SLAVE. - -[Illustration] - - -A Slave Hunter Killed. - -The following is from the Washington (Pa.) Patriot of 1846: -"We learn that a few days ago, a fugitive slave from Maryland -was pursued and overtaken in Somerset county, in this State -by a man named Holland, a wagoner from Ohio, who was tempted -to the task by the reward offered, $150. When they reached -McCarty's tavern the slave attempted to escape, but was caught -by Holland while in the act of climbing a fence. The slave drew -a long knife, which he had concealed about his person, and -plunged it into Holland's heart, causing his death instantly. -He made good his escape, immediately pursued by the people of -the neighborhood, who at nightfall, had surrounded him, but in -the darkness of the night he eluded their vigilance, and is now -beyond their reach." - - -The Rights of the Fugitive. - -The Hon. J. R. Giddings, in a speech in the House of -Representatives, at Washington, Feb. 18, 1846, said--"In regard -to arresting slaves, we [of the free States] owe no duties to -the master; on the contrary, all our sympathies, our feelings, -and our moral duties, beyond what I have stated, are with the -slave. We will neither arrest him for the master, nor will -we assist the master in making such arrest. I am aware that -the third clause of the second section of the first article -of the Constitution was once believed, by some, to impose -upon the people of these free States the duty of arresting -fugitive slaves. But it is now judicially settled that no such -obligation rests upon us. Indeed a proposition to impose upon -us such a duty, at the time of framing the Constitution, was -rejected, without a division, by the Convention. We, therefore, -leave the master to arrest the slave if he can; and we leave -the slave to defend himself against the master if he can. We do -not interfere between them. The slave possesses as perfect a -right to defend his person and his liberty against the master -as any citizen of our State. Our laws protect him against every -other person, except the master or his agent, but they leave -him to protect himself against them. If he, while defending -himself, slays the master, our laws do not interfere to punish -him in any way, further than they would any other person who -should slay a man in actual self-defence. The laws of the slave -State cannot reach him, nor is there any law, of God or man, -that condemns him. On the contrary, our reason, our judgment, -our humanity approves the act; and we admire the courage and -firmness with which he defends the "inalienable rights with -which the God of Nature has endowed him." We regard him as a -hero worthy of imitation; and we place his name in the same -category with that of Madison Washington, who, on board the -Creole, boldly maintained his God-given rights, against those -inhuman pirates who were carrying him and his fellow-servants -to a worse than savage slave-market." - - * * * * * - -ANOTHER SLAVE SUICIDE. "The slave of a farmer in an adjoining -county, (Jefferson,) having been jumped upon and stamped by his -master, _with spurs on_, so as to cruelly lacerate his face as -well as his body, he was found, next morning, in an adjacent -pond or stream of water--having tied a stone to his own neck, -(as it is said,) and plunged in, for the successful purpose of -drowning himself, under the feelings of desperation caused by -the fiendish treatment of his master!"--_Balt. Sat. Visiter, -Aug., 1846._ - - -PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES. - - ---+---------------+--------+-----+---------+------+-------+-------------+------ - No.| Name. | Native |Born.|Installed|Age at| Years | Died. | Age - | | State. | | into | that |in the | |at his - | | | | office. | time.|office.| |death. - ---+---------------+--------+-----+---------+------+-------+-------------+------ - 1.|Geo. Washington|Virginia|1732 | 1789 | 57 | 8 |Dec. 14, 1799| 68 - 2.|John Adams |Mass. |1735 | 1796 | 62 | 4 |July 4, 1826| 91 - 3.|Thos. Jefferson|Virginia|1743 | 1801 | 52 | 8 |July 4, 1826| 83 - 4.|James Madison |Virginia|1751 | 1809 | 58 | 8 |June 28, 1836| 85 - 5.|James Monroe |Virginia|1758 | 1817 | 58 | 8 |July 4, 1831| 72 - 6.|John Q. Adams |Mass. |1767 | 1825 | 58 | 4 | | - 7.|Andrew Jackson |Virginia|1767 | 1829 | 62 | 8 |June 8, 1845| 78 - 8.|M. Van Buren |N. York |1782 | 1837 | 55 | 4 | | - 9.|Wm. H. Harrison|Virginia|1773 | 1841 | 68 | -- |April 4, 1841| 68 - 10.|John Tyler |Virginia|1790 | 1841 | 51 | 4 | | - 11.|James K. Polk |N. Car. |1795 | 1845 | 49 | | | - - -PRESIDENTIAL TESTIMONIES. - -GEORGE WASHINGTON.--"I never mean, unless some -particular circumstance should compel me to it, to possess -another slave by purchase: _it being among my first wishes to -see some plan adopted by which slavery in this country may be -abolished by law_."--_Letter to John F. Mercer._ - -"There is not a man living, who wishes more sincerely than I -do, to see a plan adopted for the abolition of it (Slavery); -but there is only one proper and effectual mode by which it can -be accomplished, and that is, by the legislative authority; -and this, _as far as my suffrage will go, will not be -wanting_."--_Letter to Robert Morris._ - -JOHN ADAMS.--"Great is truth--great is liberty--great is -humanity; and they must and will prevail." - -THOMAS JEFFERSON.--"The rightful _power_ of all legislation is -to declare and enforce _only_ our NATURAL RIGHTS AND DUTIES, -and _take none of them from us_. No man has a natural right -to _commit aggressions on the equal rights of another_, and -this is ALL from which the law ought to _restrain him_. Every -man is under a natural duty of contributing to the necessities -of society, and this is all the law should enforce upon him. -When the laws have declared and enforced all this, they have -fulfilled their functions."--"The idea is quite unfounded, that -on entering into society, _we give up any natural right_." - -"The whole commerce between master and slave is a perpetual -exercise of the most boisterous passions; the most unremitting -despotism on the one part, and degrading submissions on the -other. * * And with what execration should the statesman be -loaded, who, permitting one-half the citizens thus to trample -on the rights of the others, transforms those into despots, and -these into enemies, destroys the morals of the one part, and -the love of country of the other. For, if a slave can have a -country in this world, it must be any other in preference to -that in which he is born to live and labor for another. * * And -can the liberties of a nation be thought secure when we have -removed their only firm basis, a conviction in the minds of the -people, that these liberties are the gift of God; that they are -not to be violated but with his wrath? Indeed, I tremble for my -country when I reflect that God is just; and that his justice -cannot sleep forever. * * When the measure of the slaves' tears -shall be full; when their tears shall have involved heaven -itself in darkness; doubtless a God of justice will awaken to -their distress, and by diffusing light and liberality among -their oppressors, or, at length by his exterminating thunder, -manifest his attention to things of the world, and that they -are not left to the guidance of blind fatality."--_Notes on -Virginia._ - -JAMES MADISON.--"It seemed now to be pretty well understood, -that the real difference of interests lay, not between the -large and small, but between the Northern and Southern States. -The institution of slavery, and its consequences, formed the -line of discrimination."--_Speech in the Convention for the -formation of the Federal Constitution._ - -JAMES MONROE.--"We have found that this evil (slavery) -has preyed upon the very vitals of the Union; and has -been prejudicial to all the States in which it has -existed."--_Speech in the Virginia Convention._ - -JOHN Q. ADAMS.--"Nay, I may go further, and insist that that -(the slave) representation has ever been, in fact, _the -ruling power of this government._ The history of the Union -has afforded a continual proof that this representation of -property, which they enjoy, has secured to the slaveholding -States the control of the national policy, and, almost without -exception, the possession of the highest executive office of -the Union."--_Speech in Congress, Feb. 4, 1833._ - -"Fellow citizens: The numbers of freemen constituting your -nation are much greater than those of the slaveholding States, -bond and free. You have at least three-fifths of the whole -population of the Union. Your influence on the legislation and -the administration of the government ought to be in proportion -of three to two. But how stands the fact? * * * By means of the -double representation, the minority command the whole, and a -_knot of slaveholders give the law and prescribe the policy of -the country_."--_Speech at North Bridgewater, Nov. 6, 1844._ - -JAMES K. POLK.--On the 12th of May, 1841, a resolution was -introduced in Congress, to the effect, "That the President of -the United States be requested to renew, and to prosecute, -from time to time, such negotiations with the several maritime -powers of Europe and America, as he may deem expedient _for -the effectual abolition of the African Slave Trade_, and its -ultimate denunciation as _piracy_ under the law of nations, -by the consent of the civilized world." The vote on this -resolution was 118 ayes and 32 nays; _James K. Polk voting -in the negative_. (Cong. Deb. vol. 7., p. 850). Mr. Polk, -since occupying the presidency, has pardoned two individuals, -convicted in the courts of having been engaged in this trade. - - - - -BURDENS OF SLAVERY ON THE FREE. - -The Presidency. - - -Of the fourteen presidential terms, now expired since the -formation of the government, eleven have been filled by -slaveholders, one by a "Northern man with Southern principles," -and only two by Northern men. The present incumbent is a -slaveholder, sworn fully to do his utmost to uphold, and even -extend the abomination; and most terribly he is fulfilling his -vow, in the surrender of free territory in Oregon, and in a -war of conquest for slavery in Mexico, at a cost of millions -of dollars and thousands of lives. By holding the Presidency, -slavery controls the cabinet, the diplomacy, the army, and the -navy of the country. The power that controls the Presidency -controls the nation. No Northern President has been allowed to -serve more than one term. - - -The Vice Presidency. - -The President exercises much of his power by and with the -Senate. The Vice President is, ex-officio, President of the -Senate. As such, he has the casting vote in all questions -before that body. For the last twenty years, with one -exception, _he has been a slaveholder_. From the adoption of -the Constitution up to June 1842, there were 76 elections, in -the Senate, of President pro. tem. Of these the slave States -had 60 and the free States 16. Most of the 16 were in the -earlier periods of the government. Mr. Southard was elected -in 1842. Previous to that, no Northern man had received -the appointment for _thirty_ years! so careful were the -slaveholders to watch their interests by securing the casting -vote. - - -Senate. - -For a long series of years the Senate has been equally divided -between the free and the slave States. In this condition of -it, it was a great point with the slaveholders to secure the -casting vote of the Vice Presidency, and right carefully have -they done it. This vote is of less importance now, since, by -the admission of Texas, the balance of power is broken up, and -"The Valley of Rascals," on any tie vote, now rules the Senate -and the nation. - - -Department of State. - -The Office of Secretary of State is the most important of any, -perhaps, in the cabinet of the President. As it is the duty -of this officer to direct the correspondence with foreign -courts, instruct our foreign ministers, negotiate treaties, -&c.; his station is second only, in importance, to that of -the Presidency itself. Of the 15, who had filled this office -up to 1845, the slave States have had 10; the free States 5. -The whole number of officers in this department at Washington, -in 1846, is 86. Of these Virginia has 6 and the District of -Columbia 45. - - -The War Department. - -In 1846, there are, at Washington, 98 officers in this -department. Of these, the District of Columbia has 49--exactly -one half, and Virginia and Maryland have the balance. - -The free States generally have furnished the seamen and the -soldiers; the men to do the fighting and endure the hard -knocks, _but slavery has taken care to furnish Southern men for -officers_. Thus, of 1054 naval officers, New England has only -172; of the 68 commanders, New England has only 11; of the 328 -lieutenants, New England has only 59; of the 562 midshipmen, -New England has only 82; and New England owns nearly half the -tonnage of the country. Of all the officers in the navy in -1844, whether in service or waiting orders, Pennsylvania, with -a free population more than double that of Virginia, had but -177, while Virginia had 224. In 1842, under Mr. Upshur, of 191 -naval appointments, the slave States had 117; the free States -only 73. - - -Post Office. - -The greatest opposition to cheap postage is from the South. The -reason is obvious. As multitudes of their Post-routes do not -pay for themselves, they must be paid for, through a system of -high postage, by the North, or be given up. Thus in 1842, the -deficit in the Post Office department from the slave States -was $571,000, while the excess over the expenditures in the -free States was $600,000. This went of course to make up the -deficiency of the South. So that in 1842 alone the North paid -all its own postage, and $571,000 of postage for the South. Nor -was this all. The whole number of miles of mail transportation -for 1842, was 34,835,991, at an expense of $3,087,796. Of -these miles, the mail was carried 20,331,461, at a cost of -$1,508,413, in the free States; and 14,504,530 miles, at a cost -of $1,579,383 in the slave States; that is, it cost $70,970 -more to carry the mail in the slave States than in the free, -while it ran 5,826,931 miles less. Under the new system, from -official returns, presenting a comparative view of the postage -received at forty-two offices, North and South, during the -third quarter of 1844 and 1845, it appears that while the -falling off at the offices in the free States has not been one -third, that at the offices in the slave States has been more -than one half. - - -Civil, Diplomatic and Consular Agencies. - -That most of the "spoils" of office, in these departments go to -the slaveholders is well known. The following is the Diplomatic -Agency of 1846. - -FULL MINISTERS. To _Great Britain_, Louis McLane; _France_, -William R. King; _Spain_, Romulus M. Saunders; _Turkey_, -Dabney S. Carr; _Mexico_, John Slidell; _Brazil_, Henry A. -Wise;--all from slave States; and _Russia_, R. I. Ingersoll -from Connecticut. - -CHARGES. _Austria_, William A. Stiles; _Holland_, Auguste -Davezac; _Belgium_, Thomas G. Glenson; _The two Sicilies_, -William H. Polk; _Sardinia_, Robert Wickliffe; _Portugal_, -Abraham Rencher; _Venezuela_, Benjamin G. Shields; _Buenos -Ayres_, George Harris; _Chili_, William Crump, all from the -slave states, and from the free States only _Denmark_, William -W. Irwin; _Sweden_, H. W. Ellsworth; _Central America_, B. W. -Bidlack; and _Peru_, A. G. Jewett. - -Thus, of the seven full ministers six are from the slave -States; and of the thirteen Charges, _nine_ are from the -same; and the four given to Northern men are among the most -insignificant governments in the world. And this favoritism of -the South has been the policy for years. The civil and consular -agencies are dispensed with a like injustice to the free -States. The following, prepared by Prof. Cleveland, gives the -number of persons employed in 1845, in these several agencies, -from a few States, with their salaries, and the number of free -white inhabitants in the same. - - Free States. | Free Pop. | Persons | Salaries | Slave States | Free Pop. | Persons | Salaries | - ---------------+------------+---------+----------+--------------+-----------+---------+----------+ - New York, | 2,378,890 | 37 | $63,250 | Virginia, | 740,968 | 114 | $200,395 - Pennsylvania, | 1,676,115 | 90 | 123,790 | Maryland, | 318,204 | 133 | 170,305 - Massachusetts, | 729,030 | 43 | 86,215 | Dist. Colum.,| 30,657 | 99 | 77,455 - Ohio, | 1,502,122 | 6 | 4,400 | Kentucky, | 590,253 | 7 | 34,150 - - -Presidential Electors. - -During the twenty years, ending in 1832, there were six -presidential elections. In these, the South cast 608 electoral -votes, but only 41 of them for Northern candidates. During the -twenty years, ending in 1835, there were five presidential -elections, in which the South cast 515 electoral votes, only 11 -of which were for Northern candidates. - -In the presidential election of 1844, _thirteen_ free States -had 161 electors, and gave 1,890,884 votes--_one_ elector to -11,739 votes; while _twelve_ slave States had 105 electors and -gave 798,848 votes--_one_ elector to 6,608 votes. In other -terms; _six_ slave State votes counted as much in choice of -President and Vice President as _eleven_ free State votes. In -the same election, Michigan had 5 electors and gave 56,222 -votes, or _one_ elector to 11,244 votes; while Louisiana had -6 electors and gave 26,865 votes, or _one_ elector to 4,447 -votes--that is, _four_ slaveholding Louisiana votes were equal -to _eleven_ free Michigan votes. - - -Federal Representation. - -The present number of the House of Representatives, including -Texas is 228. Of these 21 represent slave property. In fixing -the ratio of representation, after the last census, the -House adopted that of 50,179. This would have given a House -of 306 members, and the free States a majority of 68. But -a small majority is more easily managed than a large. The -Senate rejected that ratio and sent back the bill with the -ratio of 70,680. This reduced the House to 223 and brought -down the majority of the free States to the more manageable -number of 47. The effect of the odd number, 680, was to -deprive the four great States of the north, Massachusetts, -New York, Pennsylvania and Ohio, of one member each, with -no corresponding disadvantage to any slave State. Of this -proceeding, even the correspondent of the New York Herald -said,--"The Senate apportionment has robbed the North of at -least one quarter of its practical influence in the Union, when -regarded in its full extent; and the members of the free States -who voted for it, have thus surrendered the rights of their -constituents, and violated their trusts." - - -The House of Representatives. - -The Speaker of the House has the appointment of all committees, -and of course exerts an immense influence in this, as well as -other ways, in the legislation of the country. During 31 of the -34 years, from 1811 to 1845, the speakers were all slaveholders. - - -Judiciary. - -The Supreme Court of the United States is the court of -highest appeal in the nation. Its decision on all questions -coming before it is final. Of the 30 judges of this court, -the slave States have had 17; the free States 13. The -circuits and salaries are still more unequal and unjust. -Vermont, Connecticut, and New York, with 42 representatives -in Congress, and a free population of over _three millions_, -constitute but one circuit; while Alabama and Louisiana, with -but 11 representatives and a free population of but _half_ -a _million_, constitute another. So of other circuits. -Louisiana, with a free population of 183,959, has one judge -at a salary of $3,000; Ohio, with a population of 1,519,461, -more than eight times as great as that of Louisiana, has only -one judge, at a salary of $1,000: that is, with eight times as -many people to do business for, he receives one-third as much -pay. Arkansas, with a free population of 77,639, has one judge -at a salary of $2,000; New Hampshire, with a population of -284,573, has but one judge, at a salary of $1,000. Mississippi, -with a free population of 180,440, has one judge, at a salary -of $2,500; Indiana, with a population of 685,863, has but one -judge, at a salary of $1,000--that is, two-fifths as much pay -for doing more than three times the work! - - -Surplus Revenue. - -The Surplus Revenue, distributed by the Act of 1836, amounted -to 37,468,859 dollars. The slaveholders managed to have it -distributed, not, as it should have been, on the basis of -free population, but that of federal representation. Thereby -the South, with a free population of 3,823,289, received -$16,058,082,85, while the North, with a free population of -7,008,451, received but $21,410,777,12. So that for each -inhabitant of the _free_ North, there was received but $3,06; -while for each _free_ person in the South, there was received -$4,20; or $1,14 more for each free person in the South, than -for each free person in the North. The South, by this operation -alone, received for her slave representation in Congress, -$4,358,549! - - -Revolutionary War. - -In this war,--New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, -Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania,--seven -States--furnished 172,436 troops and were paid for services, -$61,971,167. Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, -South Carolina, and Georgia--six States--furnished 59,335 -troops, and received $52,438,130. In other terms, the Northern -States furnished about three times the number of troops and -received less than one fifth more pay. In particular States the -inequality was far greater. - - -The War of 1812. - -The Slaveholders envied the commercial prosperity of the -North, and, to crush it, decreed the war of 1812, under the -pretence of defending "free trade and sailor's rights;" and -one hundred and thirty-seven millions of dollars were wasted -in its prosecution, and $200,000,000 more were lost on sea -and land by Northern merchants and farmers, and then, leaving -"free trade and sailor's rights" where they were before, they -made peace, and demanded a National Bank and Protective Tariff. -And in the prosecution of the war, says ALVAN STEWART, Esq, -(Address to Abolitionists Aug. 1846)--"The South placed Major -General Smyth at Buffalo, a slaveholding lawyer of Virginia; -Major General Winder, a slaveholding lawyer of Maryland, at -Forty Mile Creek, on the side of Lake Ontario; Major General -Wilkinson, a Louisiana slaveholder, at the Cedars and Rapids -of the St. Lawrence; and Major General Wade Hampton, the great -sugar boiler of Louisiana, and the largest slaveholder in the -United States, (having over 5000 crushed human beings bowing to -this monster and tyrant), was located at Burlington, Vermont, -four slaveholding Generals with their four armies, were -stretched out on our northern frontier, not to _take_ Canada, -but to prevent its being taken, by the men of New England and -New York, in 1812, '13 and '14; lest we should make some six or -eight free States from Canada, if conquered. This was treason -against Northern interests, blood and honor. This horrid -revelation could have been proved by General John Armstrong, -then Secretary of War, after he and Mr. Madison quarreled." - - -Florida, Florida War, Removal of the Indians. - -While Florida was in possession of Spain it furnished an -asylum for slaves escaping from the contiguous States. It was -therefore bought, at the dictation of the slaveholders, at an -expense of $5,000,000. For the same purpose, and at the same -dictation the late Florida War was waged, and the native Indian -exiled. Of this, the Hon. J. R. GIDDINGS, 1845, said,--"They -(the army) captured 460 negroes, who were adjudged slaves by -staff officers of the army, to whom the duty was assigned, and -who delivered them over to interminable bondage. [See House -Doc. 52, 3d Sess. 27th Congress.] We have no means by which -we can determine the number of lives sacrificed in that war; -but it may be safely asserted, that the capture of each slave -cost the lives of two white men, and at least $80,000 in cash, -the most of which was drawn from the pockets of the people of -the free States. The whole expense of the war is estimated at -$40,000,000. The moral guilt incurred, and the sacrifice of -national character cannot be estimated. Perhaps I ought to -add, on the authority of Gen. Jessup, that bloodhounds were -also purchased to act as auxiliaries to our army, and that -bloodhounds, and soldiers, and officers, marched together under -the star-spangled banner, in pursuit of the panting fugitives -who had fled from Southern oppression. [House Doc. 125, 3d -Sess. 25th Congress.] And blood hounds, and soldiers, and -officers were paid for from the avails of Northern industry; -while our people were not permitted to petition their servants -to be relieved from such degradation." One R. Fitzpatrick was -employed to get the blood hounds. He obtained thirty-three, -and the cost, including expenses of bringing to Florida, was -$5000. The removal of the Indians from the several slave States -was merely to make room for slavery; and it has cost at least -$50,000,000, and of all these millions the North has had to pay -the largest share. - - -Texas and the Mexican War. - -Everybody knows that Texas was annexed and that the war is -waged to extend and strengthen Slavery. The cost of these -measures is yet to be ascertained. There is little doubt that -it will exceed rather than fall short of one hundred millions. - - -Bank, Tariff, Southern Bankruptcy, &c. - -The South originated the Bank and the Tariff. When they ceased -to work for its interests, the South abolished both. The sums -filched from the North by these changes of national polity and -by Southern bankrupts, seem almost incredible. $27,000,000, of -the capital of the United States Bank was sunk at the South. -$500,000,000, it is estimated, would not more than meet the -losses of the North, in sixty years, from Southern bankruptcy. -In fine, there is no end to these burdens--this side-wise -plunder of the free, by those whose entire life is a wholesale -plunder of the Slave. How long will freemen bear it? - - "We have a weapon firmer set - And better than the bayonet:-- - A weapon that comes down, as still - As snow-flakes fall upon the sod, - But executes a freeman's will - As lightning does the will of God; - And from its force, nor doors nor locks - Can shield you:--tis THE BALLOT-BOX." - - -SLAVEHOLDING RELIGION. - - -Maintaining Theological Seminaries. - -The following is the conclusion of an advertisement in the -Savannah Republican of March 23, 1845:-- - -"Also, at the same time and place, the following negro slaves, -to wit: Charles, Peggy, Antonet, Davy, September, Maria, Jenny, -and Isaac, levied as the property of HENRY T. HALL, to satisfy -a mortgage _fi. fa._, issued out of the Supreme Court, in favor -of the _Board of Directors_ of the _Theological Seminary_ of -the SYNOD OF SOUTH CAROLINA AND GEORGIA, vs. said Henry T. -Hall. Conditions, Cash. - - C. O'NEAL, Sheriff M. C." - - -Buying Church Furniture. - -A runaway slave, in 1841, assigned the following as his reason -for not communing with the church to which he belonged at -the South. "The church," said he, "had silver furniture for -the administration of the Lord's Supper, to procure which, -they _sold my brother_! and I could not bear the feelings it -produced, to go forward and receive the sacrament from the -vessels which were the purchase of my brother's blood." - - -Supporting Churches by Slave Jobbing. - -The Rev. J. Cable, of Indiana, May 20, 1846, in a letter to the -Mercer Luminary, says:--"I have lived eight years in a slave -State, (Va.)--received my Theological education at the Union -Theological Seminary, near Hampden Sydney College. Those who -know anything about slavery, know the worst kind is jobbing -slavery--that is, the hiring out of slaves from year to year, -while the master is not present to protect them. It is the -interest of the one who hires them, to get the worth of his -money of them, and the loss is the master's if they die. What -shocked me more than anything else, was the church engaged in -this jobbing of slaves. The college church which I attended, -and which was attended by all the students of Hampden Sydney -College and Union Theological Seminary, held slaves enough to -pay their pastor, Mr. Stanton, ONE THOUSAND DOLLARS a year, of -which the church members did not pay a cent (so I understood -it). The slaves, who had been left to the church by some pious -mother in Israel, had increased so as to be a large and still -increasing fund. These were hired out on Christmas day of -each year, the day in which they celebrate the birth of our -blessed Savior, to the highest bidder. These worked hard the -whole year to pay the pastor his $1000 a year, and it was left -to the caprice of their employers whether they ever heard one -sermon for which they toiled hard the whole year to procure. -This was the church in which the professors of the seminary -and the college often officiated. Since the abolitionists have -made so much noise about the connection of the church with -slavery, the Rev. Elisha Balenter informed me the church had -sold this _property_ and put the money in _other stock_. There -were four churches near the college church, that were in the -same situation with this, when I was in that country, that -supported the pastor, in whole or in part, in the same way, -viz: Cumberland church, John Kirkpatrick, pastor; Briny church, -William Plummer, pastor, (since Dr. P. of Richmond;) Buffalo -church, Mr. Cochran, pastor; Pisga church, near the peaks of -Otter, J. Mitchell, pastor." - - -Selling Ministers as Slaves. - -At the great Convention, at Cincinnati, in June 1845, Mr. -Needham of Louisville, Ky., said:--"Sir, in 1844, a Methodist -preacher, with regular license and certificate, was placed in -the Louisville jail, as a slave on sale. He preached in the -jail sermons which would have done credit to any white preacher -of the town. He kept a little memorandum in his pocket, in -which he marked the number of persons hopefully converted under -his preaching. I represented his case to leading Methodists in -Louisville, and showed them a copy of his papers which I had -taken. _Not one of them visited him in his prison._ He said he -forgave those who had imprisoned him and were about to sell -him. He was sold down the river, which was the last time I saw -him." - - -A Slaveholding D. D. whipping his "b--h" on Sabbath morning -preparatory to preaching. - -March 28, 1843, in a public address at Cincinnati, the Rev. -Edward Smith, True Wesleyan, of Pittsburgh, stated that he -had lived in slave states thirty-two years; and, speaking -of a certain D. D. of his acquaintance, he adds:--"He was a -slaveholder, and a severe one, too, and often, with his own -hands, he applied the cowhide to the naked backs of his slaves. -On one occasion, a woman that served in the house, committed, -on Sabbath morning, an offence of too great magnitude to go -unpunished until Monday morning. The Dr. took his woman into -the cellar, and as is usual in such cases, stripped her from -her waist up, and then applied the lash. The woman writhed and -winced under each stroke, and cried, '_Oh Lord!_ OH LORD!! -OH LORD!!!' The Doctor stopped, and his hands fell to his -side as though struck with palsy, gazed on the woman with -astonishment, and thus addressed her, (the congregation must -pardon me for repeating his words), 'Hush, you b--h, will you -take the name of the Lord in vain on the Sabbath day?' When he -had stopped the woman from the gross profanity of crying to God -on the Sabbath day, he finished whipping her, and then went -and essayed to preach that gospel to his congregation, which -proclaims liberty to the captive and the opening of the prison -doors to them who are bound." - - -The Greatest Impediment. - -"We are about to make an announcement," says the True American, -"which must sound very strange to those whose field of -observation is unlike our own: The greatest impediment to the -success of the Anti-Slavery movement in the slave States is, -the opposition to it of those men who profess to have been -commissioned by high Heaven to go abroad and use their efforts -for the mitigation of human misery and the extirpation of human -wrong! This assertion, which appears so monstrous, will not -surprise any one who lives among slaveholders. Our conviction -of its truth has been confirmed by extensive observation." - - - - -RELIGIOUS TESTIMONIES. - - -ARCHBISHOP POTTER. Some of our wise ones will have it that -_doulos_ means slave. Archbishop Potter, than whom no man was -more learned in Grecian antiquities, in his work on them, -published years ago, says, chap. 10, "Slaves, as long as they -were under the government of a master, were called _oiketdi_; -but _after their freedom_ was granted them, they were _douloi_, -not being like the former, a part of their master's estate, -but only obliged to some grateful acknowledgments and small -services, such as were required of the _Metoikoi_, to whom they -were in some few things inferior." - - * * * * * - -THE YOUNGER EDWARDS, (Pastor of a church in New Haven, and -afterwards President of Union College)--"Every man who cannot -show, that his negro hath by his voluntary conduct, forfeited -his liberty, is obligated _immediately to manumit him_. And to -hold [such an one] in a state of slavery, is to be every day -guilty of robbing him of his liberty, or of _man-stealing_--and -fifty years from this time (1791) it will be as _shameful for a -man to hold a negro slave, as to be guilty of common robbery or -theft_." - - * * * * * - -DR. ADAM CLARKE. "Among Christians slavery is an _enormity_, -and a _crime_ for which _perdition_ has scarcely an adequate -state of punishment." - - * * * * * - -REV. ALBERT BARNES. "From the whole train of reasoning which -I have pursued, I trust it will not be considered as improper -to regard it as a position clearly demonstrated, that the fair -influence of the Christian religion would everywhere abolish -slavery. Let its principles be acted out; let its maxims -prevail and rule in the hearts of all men, and the system, -in the language of the Princeton Repertory, 'would SPEEDILY -come to an end.' In what way this is to be brought about, and -in what manner the influence of the church may be made to -bear upon it, are points on which there may be differences of -opinion. But there is one method which is obvious, and which, -if everywhere practised, would certainly lead to this result. -It is, _for the Christian church to cease all connection with -slavery_." - - * * * * * - -REV. S. H. COX, D. D. "The cause of human rights is only the -converse of the cause of human duties; and how pious, or how -orthodox, or how heroic, I should like to know, is he, for -whose higher evangelical refinement of sensibility, this -subject of righteousness is too 'delicate' to be theologized -into our ethics, our creed, or our prayers? Away with such -nauseating and hypocritical affectation, in high places, and -low ones, too."--_Letter to S. J. May, Auburn, May 5, 1835._ - - - - -ANTI-SLAVERY DEPOSITORY, - -PUBLICATION OFFICE, - -AND - -FREE READING ROOM; - -NO. 22 SPRUCE STREET, - -(3rd door east of NASSAU STREET,) - -NEW YORK. - - -William Harned, Publishing Agent of the American and Foreign -Anti-Slavery Society, invites the attention of the friends of -the cause in every part of the country, to the new Depository -and Publishing Office, which is centrally and pleasantly -located, and designed to afford every attainable facility for -promoting the great objects of the Society. - -THE AMERICAN AND FOREIGN ANTI-SLAVERY REPORTER, edited by Rev. -A. A. Phelps, is published monthly, at 50 cents per annum, with -a material reduction to those who take several copies. - - THE READING ROOM, _free to all_, is furnished with files of all - the Anti-Slavery papers and periodicals published in this country; - together with a good selection of religious, literary, and political - papers. It is also intended to establish an extensive Library of all - works on the subject of Slavery, so far as they can be obtained. - - A DEPOSITORY for the sale of Anti-Slavery Publications has been - established; from which it is intended that all the standard works on - Slavery may be obtained, at wholesale and retail. In addition to such - of the publications of the American Anti-Slavery Society as are yet in - print, we have now on sale the following new and popular works, viz.:-- - - Memoirs and Writings of Charles T. Torrey, - Barnes on American Slavery, - Bacon " " " - Debate between Rice and Blanchard, - Discussion between Wayland and Fuller, - Whittier's Poems, 4th and complete edition, - Home, by Rev, Charles T. Torrey, - Clarke's Liberty Minstrel, last edition, - Narrative of Lewis and Milton Clarke, - " " Frederic Douglass, - The Slave: or, Memoirs of Archy Moore, - Poems, by William H. Burleigh, - Winona, the Brown Maid of the South, - Unconstitutionality of Slavery, by Spooner, both editions, - Sinfulness of Slavery, by James G. Birney, - Slavery, and the Slaveholders' Religion, by Brooke, - A Reproof of the American Church, - Condensed Bible Argument, by a Virginian, - Alvan Stewart's Legal Argument, - Address of the Cincinnati Liberty Convention, - An Appeal for the Bondwoman, a Poem by E. Lloyd, - The American Board and Slaveholding, by Rev. W. W. Patton, - German Anti-Slavery Almanac for 1847, &c. &c. - ----> Address all orders for the Reporter, Books, &c. postpaid, -to - - WILLIAM HARNED, 5 Spruce Street, New York. - - - * * * * * - -Transcriber's Notes: - -Italic text is denoted by _underscores_. - -Obvious printer's errors corrected, including unambiguous -typos, spellings corrected to match standard spelling at time -of publication, missing but implied quote marks, and the like. - -On the final page, a small finger pointing to the right has -been replaced with "--->". - -Every effort has been made to replicate this text as faithfully -as possible, including non-standard punctuation, inconsistently -hyphenated words, and other inconsistencies. - -*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK FACTS FOR THE PEOPLE OF THE FREE -STATES *** - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will -be renamed. - -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the -United States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. 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height: auto;} - - .figcenter { - margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; - margin-top: 4px; margin-bottom: 4px; - text-align: center; - clear: both; - padding: 3px; - } - - .figtitle { - margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; - margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 1em; - text-align: center; - clear: both; - border: none; - padding: 3px; - } -} - - </style> - </head> -<body> - -<div style='text-align:center; font-size:1.2em; font-weight:bold'>The Project Gutenberg eBook of Facts for the People of the Free States, by American and Foreign Anti-Slavery Society</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and -most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms -of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online -at <a href="https://www.gutenberg.org">www.gutenberg.org</a>. If you -are not located in the United States, you will have to check the laws of the -country where you are located before using this eBook. -</div> - -<p style='display:block; margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:1em; margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em'>Title: Facts for the People of the Free States</p> - -<div style='display:block; margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:1em; margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em'>Author: American and Foreign Anti-Slavery Society</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'>Release Date: July 5, 2021 [eBook #65774]</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'>Language: English</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'>Character set encoding: UTF-8</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em'>Produced by: hekula03, Splendid Geryon and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images generously made available by the Library of Congress)</div> - -<div style='margin-top:2em; margin-bottom:4em'>*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK FACTS FOR THE PEOPLE OF THE FREE STATES ***</div> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_1" id="Page_1">[1]</a></span></p> - -<div class="titlepage"> - -<p class="ph2 oldeng gesperrt">Liberty Tract. No. 2.</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<h1 class="nobreak">FACTS FOR THE PEOPLE<br /> - -<span class="smaller">OF THE</span><br /> - -<span class="bigger">FREE STATES.</span></h1> - -<div class="figtitle"> -<img src="images/title.jpg" alt="" /> -<div class="caption">PRIVATE SLAVE-PRISON AT WASHINGTON.</div> -</div> - -<p> -NEW YORK:<br /> -PUBLISHED BY WILLIAM HARNED,<br /> -<span class="smaller">FOR THE</span><br /> -AMERICAN AND FOREIGN ANTI-SLAVERY SOCIETY,<br /> -<span class="smaller">22 Spruce Street.</span><br /> -$1 PER 100, $8 PER 1000.</p> -</div> - -<div class="pleasehide"> -<hr class="chap" /> -</div> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_2" id="Page_2">[2]</a></span></p> - - - - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2>SOUTHERN SCENES IN 1846.</h2> -</div> - - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/i_002.jpg" alt="Man in suit whipping enslaved person chained to a tree" /> -</div> - -<h3 class="break-before">Murder of Slaves.</h3> - -<p>The Abbeville (S. C.) Banner -states, that two of Gov. McDuffie’s -slaves were killed on Friday, -Feb. 13th, by two other slaves, acting -in the capacity of <em>drivers</em>! -They were killed by what the law -terms “moderate correction!”</p> - - -<h3>A Slave Woman attempting Suicide -at Baltimore.</h3> - -<p>In June, 1846, the Baltimore -Sun gave an account of a woman -who “jumped out of the window -of the place in which her owner -had confined her, and immediately -took the nearest route to throw -herself into the water.” She was -rescued. But, says the Sun, “Upon being taken upon the deck of the vessel, -she begged the by-standers to let her drown herself, stating, that she would -'sooner be dead, than go back again <em>to be beaten as she had been</em>!’”</p> - - -<h3>A Slave Suicide effected at Richmond, Va.</h3> - -<p>A correspondent of the Philadelphia Inquirer, July 25, 1846, wrote from -Richmond, as follows:—“An unpleasant occurrence took place in this city yesterday. -A man, who has a number of negroes in his employment, was proceeding, -for a slight offence, to punish one of them by whipping, when the poor -wretch, knowing his master’s unmerciful nature, implored that he might be -<em>hung</em> at once, instead of whipped. This of course would not answer, and on -tying the negro’s hands behind him in the usual manner, the employer went -into another room to procure a cowhide, when the negro, taking advantage of -his master’s absence, rushed from the room, jumped into the river, and was -drowned.”</p> - - -<h3>Slave Suicide and Slave Hunting in Louisiana.</h3> - -<p>In June, 1846, the New Orleans Commercial Times said—“We learn that a -few days since a negro man, belonging to Captain Newport, of East Baton -Rouge, while closely pursued by the dogs of Mr. Roark, of this Parish, ascended -a tree and hung himself. Mr. Roark, with Captain Newport’s son-in-law and -overseer, were in pursuit of a runaway slave. They did not know that this -negro was out, and were surprised upon their arrival, a few minutes in the rear -of the dogs, to find him suspended by his neck, with his feet dangling only a foot or -two from the earth. Every effort was made to restore animation, but without success, -although on their coming up the body was still warm. The act was one, -it would seem, of resolute predetermination, as the slave was well provided with -cords, which he made use of to perpetrate his suicidal purpose.”</p> - - -<h3>More Murders of Slaves.</h3> - -<p>The Palmyra (Mo.) Courier, in August, 1846, says:—“We understand that -a gentleman, living in Macon county, while out hunting with his rifle, last -week, came suddenly upon two fugitive slaves, who gave him battle. He shot -one, and split the other’s skull with the barrel of his gun. He then started for -home, but before reaching it he met a man in the road, who inquired if he had -seen or heard of two runaway negroes—describing them. The gentleman replied, -that he had just killed two, and related the circumstance. On proceeding -to the spot, the stranger identified them as his slaves.”</p> - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_3" id="Page_3">[3]</a></span></p> - - - - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2>THE FUGITIVE SLAVE.</h2> -</div> - -<div class="figcenter"> -<img src="images/i_003.jpg" alt="Fugitive slave with hat, bag and dog" /> -</div> - - -<h3 class="break-before">A Slave Hunter Killed.</h3> - -<p>The following is from the -Washington (Pa.) Patriot of -1846: “We learn that a few -days ago, a fugitive slave from -Maryland was pursued and -overtaken in Somerset county, -in this State by a man named -Holland, a wagoner from Ohio, -who was tempted to the task -by the reward offered, $150. -When they reached McCarty’s -tavern the slave attempted to -escape, but was caught by Holland -while in the act of climbing -a fence. The slave drew a -long knife, which he had concealed -about his person, and -plunged it into Holland’s heart, causing his death instantly. He made good his -escape, immediately pursued by the people of the neighborhood, who at nightfall, -had surrounded him, but in the darkness of the night he eluded their vigilance, -and is now beyond their reach.”</p> - - -<h3>The Rights of the Fugitive.</h3> - -<p>The Hon. J. R. Giddings, in a speech in the House of Representatives, at -Washington, Feb. 18, 1846, said—“In regard to arresting slaves, we [of the -free States] owe no duties to the master; on the contrary, all our sympathies, -our feelings, and our moral duties, beyond what I have stated, are with the -slave. We will neither arrest him for the master, nor will we assist the master -in making such arrest. I am aware that the third clause of the second section -of the first article of the Constitution was once believed, by some, to impose -upon the people of these free States the duty of arresting fugitive slaves. But -it is now judicially settled that no such obligation rests upon us. Indeed a proposition -to impose upon us such a duty, at the time of framing the Constitution, -was rejected, without a division, by the Convention. We, therefore, leave the -master to arrest the slave if he can; and we leave the slave to defend himself -against the master if he can. We do not interfere between them. The slave -possesses as perfect a right to defend his person and his liberty against the -master as any citizen of our State. Our laws protect him against every other -person, except the master or his agent, but they leave him to protect himself -against them. If he, while defending himself, slays the master, our laws do -not interfere to punish him in any way, further than they would any other person -who should slay a man in actual self-defence. The laws of the slave -State cannot reach him, nor is there any law, of God or man, that condemns -him. On the contrary, our reason, our judgment, our humanity approves the -act; and we admire the courage and firmness with which he defends the ”inalienable -rights with which the God of Nature has endowed him.“ We regard -him as a hero worthy of imitation; and we place his name in the same category -with that of Madison Washington, who, on board the Creole, boldly maintained -his God-given rights, against those inhuman pirates who were carrying him -and his fellow-servants to a worse than savage slave-market.”</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p><span class="smcap">Another Slave Suicide.</span> “The slave of a farmer in an adjoining county, -(Jefferson,) having been jumped upon and stamped by his master, <em>with spurs on</em>, -so as to cruelly lacerate his face as well as his body, he was found, next morning, -in an adjacent pond or stream of water—having tied a stone to his own -neck, (as it is said,) and plunged in, for the successful purpose of drowning -himself, under the feelings of desperation caused by the fiendish treatment of -his master!”—<cite>Balt. Sat. Visiter, Aug., 1846.</cite></p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_4" id="Page_4">[4]</a></span></p> - - -<h3>PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES.</h3> - -<table summary="Presidents"> -<tr> - <th class="bt br bb">No.</th> - <th class="bt br bb">Name. </th> - <th class="bt br bb">Native State.</th> - <th class="bt br bb">Born.</th> - <th class="bt br bb">Installed into office.</th> - <th class="bt br bb">Age at that time.</th> - <th class="bt br bb">Years in the office.</th> - <th class="bt br bb">Died. </th> - <th class="bt bb">Age at his death.</th> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="br tdc">1.</td> - <td class="br tdc">Geo. Washington</td> - <td class="br tdl">Virginia</td> - <td class="br tdc">1732 </td> - <td class="br tdc"> 1789 </td> - <td class="br tdc"> 57 </td> - <td class="br tdc"> 8 </td> - <td class="br tdc">Dec. 14, 1799</td> - <td class="tdc"> 68</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="br tdc">2.</td> - <td class="br tdc">John Adams </td> - <td class="br tdl">Mass. </td> - <td class="br tdc">1735 </td> - <td class="br tdc"> 1796 </td> - <td class="br tdc"> 62 </td> - <td class="br tdc"> 4 </td> - <td class="br tdc">July 4, 1826</td> - <td class="tdc"> 91</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="br tdc">3.</td> - <td class="br tdc">Thos. Jefferson</td> - <td class="br tdl">Virginia</td> - <td class="br tdc">1743 </td> - <td class="br tdc"> 1801 </td> - <td class="br tdc"> 52 </td> - <td class="br tdc"> 8 </td> - <td class="br tdc">July 4, 1826</td> - <td class="tdc"> 83</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="br tdc">4.</td> - <td class="br tdc">James Madison </td> - <td class="br tdl">Virginia</td> - <td class="br tdc">1751 </td> - <td class="br tdc"> 1809 </td> - <td class="br tdc"> 58 </td> - <td class="br tdc"> 8 </td> - <td class="br tdc">June 28, 1836</td> - <td class="tdc"> 85</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="br tdc">5.</td> - <td class="br tdc">James Monroe </td> - <td class="br tdl">Virginia</td> - <td class="br tdc">1758 </td> - <td class="br tdc"> 1817 </td> - <td class="br tdc"> 58 </td> - <td class="br tdc"> 8 </td> - <td class="br tdc">July 4, 1831</td> - <td class="tdc"> 72</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="br tdc">6.</td> - <td class="br tdc">John Q. Adams </td> - <td class="br tdl">Mass. </td> - <td class="br tdc">1767 </td> - <td class="br tdc"> 1825 </td> - <td class="br tdc"> 58 </td> - <td class="br tdc"> 4 </td> - <td class="br tdc"> </td> - <td class="tdc"> </td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="br tdc">7.</td> - <td class="br tdc">Andrew Jackson </td> - <td class="br tdl">Virginia</td> - <td class="br tdc">1767 </td> - <td class="br tdc"> 1829 </td> - <td class="br tdc"> 62 </td> - <td class="br tdc"> 8 </td> - <td class="br tdc">June 8, 1845</td> - <td class="tdc"> 78</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="br tdc">8.</td> - <td class="br tdc">M. Van Buren </td> - <td class="br tdl">N. York </td> - <td class="br tdc">1782 </td> - <td class="br tdc"> 1837 </td> - <td class="br tdc"> 55 </td> - <td class="br tdc"> 4 </td> - <td class="br tdc"> </td> - <td class="tdc"> </td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="br tdc">9.</td> - <td class="br tdc">Wm. H. Harrison</td> - <td class="br tdl">Virginia</td> - <td class="br tdc">1773 </td> - <td class="br tdc"> 1841 </td> - <td class="br tdc"> 68 </td> - <td class="br tdc"> — </td> - <td class="br tdc">April 4, 1841</td> - <td class="tdc"> 68</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="br tdc">10.</td> - <td class="br tdc">John Tyler </td> - <td class="br tdl">Virginia</td> - <td class="br tdc">1790 </td> - <td class="br tdc"> 1841 </td> - <td class="br tdc"> 51 </td> - <td class="br tdc"> 4 </td> - <td class="br tdc"> </td> - <td class="tdc"> </td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="br tdc">11.</td> - <td class="br tdc">James K. Polk </td> - <td class="br tdl">N. Car. </td> - <td class="br tdc">1795 </td> - <td class="br tdc"> 1845 </td> - <td class="br tdc"> 49 </td> - <td class="br tdc"> </td> - <td class="br tdc"> </td> - <td class="tdc"> </td> -</tr> -</table> - -<h3>PRESIDENTIAL TESTIMONIES.</h3> - -<p><span class="smcap">George Washington.</span>—“I never mean, unless some particular circumstance -should compel me to it, to possess another slave by purchase: <em>it being among -my first wishes to see some plan adopted by which slavery in this country may be -abolished by law</em>.”—<cite>Letter to John F. Mercer.</cite></p> - -<p>“There is not a man living, who wishes more sincerely than I do, to see a -plan adopted for the abolition of it (Slavery); but there is only one proper and -effectual mode by which it can be accomplished, and that is, by the legislative -authority; and this, <em>as far as my suffrage will go, will not be wanting</em>.”—<cite>Letter to -Robert Morris.</cite></p> - -<p><span class="smcap">John Adams.</span>—“Great is truth—great is liberty—great is humanity; and they -must and will prevail.”</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Thomas Jefferson.</span>—“The rightful <em>power</em> of all legislation is to declare and -enforce <em>only</em> our <span class="smcap">NATURAL RIGHTS AND DUTIES</span>, and <em>take none of them from us</em>. -No man has a natural right to <em>commit aggressions on the equal rights of another</em>, -and this is <span class="smcap">ALL</span> from which the law ought to <em>restrain him</em>. Every man is under -a natural duty of contributing to the necessities of society, and this is all the -law should enforce upon him. When the laws have declared and enforced all -this, they have fulfilled their functions.”—“The idea is quite unfounded, that on -entering into society, <em>we give up any natural right</em>.”</p> - -<p>“The whole commerce between master and slave is a perpetual exercise of the -most boisterous passions; the most unremitting despotism on the one part, and -degrading submissions on the other. * * And with what execration should -the statesman be loaded, who, permitting one-half the citizens thus to trample on -the rights of the others, transforms those into despots, and these into enemies, -destroys the morals of the one part, and the love of country of the other. For, if a -slave can have a country in this world, it must be any other in preference to -that in which he is born to live and labor for another. * * And can the -liberties of a nation be thought secure when we have removed their only firm -basis, a conviction in the minds of the people, that these liberties are the -gift of God; that they are not to be violated but with his wrath? Indeed, I -tremble for my country when I reflect that God is just; and that his justice cannot -sleep forever. * * When the measure of the slaves’ tears shall be full; -when their tears shall have involved heaven itself in darkness; doubtless a -God of justice will awaken to their distress, and by diffusing light and liberality -among their oppressors, or, at length by his exterminating thunder, manifest -his attention to things of the world, and that they are not left to the -guidance of blind fatality.”—<cite>Notes on Virginia.</cite></p> - -<p><span class="smcap">James Madison.</span>—“It seemed now to be pretty well understood, that the real -difference of interests lay, not between the large and small, but between the -Northern and Southern States. The institution of slavery, and its consequences, -formed the line of discrimination.”—<cite>Speech in the Convention for the formation -of the Federal Constitution.</cite></p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_5" id="Page_5">[5]</a></span></p> - -<p><span class="smcap">James Monroe.</span>—“We have found that this evil (slavery) has preyed upon -the very vitals of the Union; and has been prejudicial to all the States in which -it has existed.”—<cite>Speech in the Virginia Convention.</cite></p> - -<p><span class="smcap">John Q. Adams.</span>—“Nay, I may go further, and insist that that (the slave) -representation has ever been, in fact, <em>the ruling power of this government.</em> The -history of the Union has afforded a continual proof that this representation of -property, which they enjoy, has secured to the slaveholding States the control of -the national policy, and, almost without exception, the possession of the highest -executive office of the Union.”—<cite>Speech in Congress, Feb. 4, 1833.</cite></p> - -<p>“Fellow citizens: The numbers of freemen constituting your nation are -much greater than those of the slaveholding States, bond and free. You have -at least three-fifths of the whole population of the Union. Your influence on -the legislation and the administration of the government ought to be in proportion -of three to two. But how stands the fact? * * * By means of the -double representation, the minority command the whole, and a <em>knot of slaveholders -give the law and prescribe the policy of the country</em>.”—<cite>Speech at North -Bridgewater, Nov. 6, 1844.</cite></p> - -<p><span class="smcap">James K. Polk.</span>—On the 12th of May, 1841, a resolution was introduced in -Congress, to the effect, “That the President of the United States be requested to -renew, and to prosecute, from time to time, such negotiations with the several -maritime powers of Europe and America, as he may deem expedient <em>for the -effectual abolition of the African Slave Trade</em>, and its ultimate denunciation as -<em>piracy</em> under the law of nations, by the consent of the civilized world.” The -vote on this resolution was 118 ayes and 32 nays; <em>James K. Polk voting in the -negative</em>. (Cong. Deb. vol. 7., p. 850). Mr. Polk, since occupying the presidency, -has pardoned two individuals, convicted in the courts of having been -engaged in this trade.</p> - - - -<hr class="chap" /> -<div class="chapter"> -<h2>BURDENS OF SLAVERY ON THE FREE.</h2> -</div> - -<h3>The Presidency.</h3> - - -<p>Of the fourteen presidential terms, now expired since the formation of the -government, eleven have been filled by slaveholders, one by a “Northern man -with Southern principles,” and only two by Northern men. The present incumbent -is a slaveholder, sworn fully to do his utmost to uphold, and even extend -the abomination; and most terribly he is fulfilling his vow, in the surrender of -free territory in Oregon, and in a war of conquest for slavery in Mexico, at a -cost of millions of dollars and thousands of lives. By holding the Presidency, -slavery controls the cabinet, the diplomacy, the army, and the navy of the -country. The power that controls the Presidency controls the nation. No -Northern President has been allowed to serve more than one term.</p> - - -<h3>The Vice Presidency.</h3> - -<p>The President exercises much of his power by and with the Senate. The -Vice President is, ex-officio, President of the Senate. As such, he has the casting -vote in all questions before that body. For the last twenty years, with one -exception, <em>he has been a slaveholder</em>. From the adoption of the Constitution up -to June 1842, there were 76 elections, in the Senate, of President pro. tem. Of -these the slave States had 60 and the free States 16. Most of the 16 were in the -earlier periods of the government. Mr. Southard was elected in 1842. Previous -to that, no Northern man had received the appointment for <em>thirty</em> years! -so careful were the slaveholders to watch their interests by securing the casting -vote.</p> - - -<h3>Senate.</h3> - -<p>For a long series of years the Senate has been equally divided between the -free and the slave States. In this condition of it, it was a great point with the -slaveholders to secure the casting vote of the Vice Presidency, and right carefully -have they done it. This vote is of less importance now, since, by the -admission of Texas, the balance of power is broken up, and “The Valley of -Rascals,” on any tie vote, now rules the Senate and the nation.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_6" id="Page_6">[6]</a></span></p> - - -<h3>Department of State.</h3> - -<p>The Office of Secretary of State is the most important of any, perhaps, in -the cabinet of the President. As it is the duty of this officer to direct the correspondence -with foreign courts, instruct our foreign ministers, negotiate treaties, -&c.; his station is second only, in importance, to that of the Presidency -itself. Of the 15, who had filled this office up to 1845, the slave States have had -10; the free States 5. The whole number of officers in this department at -Washington, in 1846, is 86. Of these Virginia has 6 and the District of Columbia -45.</p> - - -<h3>The War Department.</h3> - -<p>In 1846, there are, at Washington, 98 officers in this department. Of these, -the District of Columbia has 49—exactly one half, and Virginia and Maryland -have the balance.</p> - -<p>The free States generally have furnished the seamen and the soldiers; the -men to do the fighting and endure the hard knocks, <em>but slavery has taken care -to furnish Southern men for officers</em>. Thus, of 1054 naval officers, New England -has only 172; of the 68 commanders, New England has only 11; of the 328 -lieutenants, New England has only 59; of the 562 midshipmen, New England -has only 82; and New England owns nearly half the tonnage of the country. -Of all the officers in the navy in 1844, whether in service or waiting orders, -Pennsylvania, with a free population more than double that of Virginia, had -but 177, while Virginia had 224. In 1842, under Mr. Upshur, of 191 naval -appointments, the slave States had 117; the free States only 73.</p> - - -<h3>Post Office.</h3> - -<p>The greatest opposition to cheap postage is from the South. The reason is -obvious. As multitudes of their Post-routes do not pay for themselves, they -must be paid for, through a system of high postage, by the North, or be given -up. Thus in 1842, the deficit in the Post Office department from the slave -States was $571,000, while the excess over the expenditures in the free States -was $600,000. This went of course to make up the deficiency of the South. -So that in 1842 alone the North paid all its own postage, and $571,000 of postage -for the South. Nor was this all. The whole number of miles of mail -transportation for 1842, was 34,835,991, at an expense of $3,087,796. Of these -miles, the mail was carried 20,331,461, at a cost of $1,508,413, in the free States; -and 14,504,530 miles, at a cost of $1,579,383 in the slave States; that is, it cost -$70,970 more to carry the mail in the slave States than in the free, while it ran -5,826,931 miles less. Under the new system, from official returns, presenting a -comparative view of the postage received at forty-two offices, North and South, -during the third quarter of 1844 and 1845, it appears that while the falling off -at the offices in the free States has not been one third, that at the offices in the -slave States has been more than one half.</p> - - -<h3>Civil, Diplomatic and Consular Agencies.</h3> - -<p>That most of the “spoils” of office, in these departments go to the slaveholders -is well known. The following is the Diplomatic Agency of 1846.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Full Ministers.</span> To <i>Great Britain</i>, Louis McLane; <i>France</i>, William R. -King; <i>Spain</i>, Romulus M. Saunders; <i>Turkey</i>, Dabney S. Carr; <i>Mexico</i>, John -Slidell; <i>Brazil</i>, Henry A. Wise;—all from slave States; and <i>Russia</i>, R. I. Ingersoll -from Connecticut.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Charges.</span> <i>Austria</i>, William A. Stiles; <i>Holland</i>, Auguste Davezac; <i>Belgium</i>, -Thomas G. Glenson; <i>The two Sicilies</i>, William H. Polk; <i>Sardinia</i>, Robert -Wickliffe; <i>Portugal</i>, Abraham Rencher; <i>Venezuela</i>, Benjamin G. Shields; -<i>Buenos Ayres</i>, George Harris; <i>Chili</i>, William Crump, all from the slave states, -and from the free States only <i>Denmark</i>, William W. Irwin; <i>Sweden</i>, H. W. -Ellsworth; <i>Central America</i>, B. W. Bidlack; and <i>Peru</i>, A. G. Jewett.</p> - -<p>Thus, of the seven full ministers six are from the slave States; and of the -thirteen Charges, <em>nine</em> are from the same; and the four given to Northern men<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_7" id="Page_7">[7]</a></span> -are among the most insignificant governments in the world. And this favoritism -of the South has been the policy for years. The civil and consular agencies -are dispensed with a like injustice to the free States. The following, prepared -by Prof. Cleveland, gives the number of persons employed in 1845, in -these several agencies, from a few States, with their salaries, and the number -of free white inhabitants in the same.</p> - -<table summary="Agency employment by state"> -<tr> - <th class="bb br">Free States. </th> - <th class="bb br"> Free Pop. </th> - <th class="bb br"> Persons </th> - <th class="bb br"> Salaries </th> - <th class="bb br"> Slave States </th> - <th class="bb br"> Free Pop. </th> - <th class="bb br"> Persons </th> - <th class="bb"> Salaries </th> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="br tdl">New York, </td> - <td class="br tdr"> 2,378,890 </td> - <td class="br tdc"> 37 </td> - <td class="br tdr"> $ 63,250 </td> - <td class="br tdl"> Virginia, </td> - <td class="br tdr"> 740,968 </td> - <td class="br tdc"> 114 </td> - <td class="br tdr"> $200,395</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="br tdl">Pennsylvania, </td> - <td class="br tdr"> 1,676,115 </td> - <td class="br tdc"> 90 </td> - <td class="br tdr"> 123,790 </td> - <td class="br tdl"> Maryland, </td> - <td class="br tdr"> 318,204 </td> - <td class="br tdc"> 133 </td> - <td class="br tdr"> 170,305</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="br tdl">Massachusetts, </td> - <td class="br tdr"> 729,030 </td> - <td class="br tdc"> 43 </td> - <td class="br tdr"> 86,215 </td> - <td class="br tdl"> Dist. Colum.,</td> - <td class="br tdr"> 30,657 </td> - <td class="br tdc"> 99 </td> - <td class="br tdr"> 77,455</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="br tdl">Ohio, </td> - <td class="br tdr"> 1,502,122 </td> - <td class="br tdc"> 6 </td> - <td class="br tdr"> 4,400 </td> - <td class="br tdl"> Kentucky, </td> - <td class="br tdr"> 590,253 </td> - <td class="br tdc"> 7 </td> - <td class="br tdr"> 34,150</td> -</tr> -</table> - -<h3>Presidential Electors.</h3> - -<p>During the twenty years, ending in 1832, there were six presidential elections. -In these, the South cast 608 electoral votes, but only 41 of them for Northern -candidates. During the twenty years, ending in 1835, there were five presidential -elections, in which the South cast 515 electoral votes, only 11 of which -were for Northern candidates.</p> - -<p>In the presidential election of 1844, <em>thirteen</em> free States had 161 electors, and -gave 1,890,884 votes—<em>one</em> elector to 11,739 votes; while <em>twelve</em> slave States had -105 electors and gave 798,848 votes—<em>one</em> elector to 6,608 votes. In other terms; -<em>six</em> slave State votes counted as much in choice of President and Vice President -as <em>eleven</em> free State votes. In the same election, Michigan had 5 electors and -gave 56,222 votes, or <em>one</em> elector to 11,244 votes; while Louisiana had 6 electors -and gave 26,865 votes, or <em>one</em> elector to 4,447 votes—that is, <em>four</em> slaveholding -Louisiana votes were equal to <em>eleven</em> free Michigan votes.</p> - - -<h3>Federal Representation.</h3> - -<p>The present number of the House of Representatives, including Texas is -228. Of these 21 represent slave property. In fixing the ratio of representation, -after the last census, the House adopted that of 50,179. This would have -given a House of 306 members, and the free States a majority of 68. But a -small majority is more easily managed than a large. The Senate rejected that -ratio and sent back the bill with the ratio of 70,680. This reduced the House to -223 and brought down the majority of the free States to the more manageable -number of 47. The effect of the odd number, 680, was to deprive the four -great States of the north, Massachusetts, New York, Pennsylvania and Ohio, -of one member each, with no corresponding disadvantage to any slave State. -Of this proceeding, even the correspondent of the New York Herald said,—“The -Senate apportionment has robbed the North of at least one quarter of its -practical influence in the Union, when regarded in its full extent; and the members -of the free States who voted for it, have thus surrendered the rights of their -constituents, and violated their trusts.”</p> - - -<h3>The House of Representatives.</h3> - -<p>The Speaker of the House has the appointment of all committees, and of -course exerts an immense influence in this, as well as other ways, in the legislation -of the country. During 31 of the 34 years, from 1811 to 1845, the speakers -were all slaveholders.</p> - - -<h3>Judiciary.</h3> - -<p>The Supreme Court of the United States is the court of highest appeal in the -nation. Its decision on all questions coming before it is final. Of the 30 -judges of this court, the slave States have had 17; the free States 13. The circuits -and salaries are still more unequal and unjust. Vermont, Connecticut, -and New York, with 42 representatives in Congress, and a free population of -over <em>three millions</em>, constitute but one circuit; while Alabama and Louisiana, -with but 11 representatives and a free population of but <em>half</em> a <em>million</em>, consti<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_8" id="Page_8">[8]</a></span>tute -another. So of other circuits. Louisiana, with a free population of -183,959, has one judge at a salary of $3,000; Ohio, with a population of -1,519,461, more than eight times as great as that of Louisiana, has only one -judge, at a salary of $1,000: that is, with eight times as many people to do -business for, he receives one-third as much pay. Arkansas, with a free population -of 77,639, has one judge at a salary of $2,000; New Hampshire, with a -population of 284,573, has but one judge, at a salary of $1,000. Mississippi, -with a free population of 180,440, has one judge, at a salary of $2,500; Indiana, -with a population of 685,863, has but one judge, at a salary of $1,000—that -is, two-fifths as much pay for doing more than three times the work!</p> - - -<h3>Surplus Revenue.</h3> - -<p>The Surplus Revenue, distributed by the Act of 1836, amounted to 37,468,859 -dollars. The slaveholders managed to have it distributed, not, as it should have -been, on the basis of free population, but that of federal representation. Thereby -the South, with a free population of 3,823,289, received $16,058,082,85, while -the North, with a free population of 7,008,451, received but $21,410,777,12. So -that for each inhabitant of the <em>free</em> North, there was received but $3,06; while -for each <em>free</em> person in the South, there was received $4,20; or $1,14 more for -each free person in the South, than for each free person in the North. The -South, by this operation alone, received for her slave representation in Congress, -$4,358,549!</p> - - -<h3>Revolutionary War.</h3> - -<p>In this war,—New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, -New York, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania,—seven States—furnished 172,436 -troops and were paid for services, $61,971,167. Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, -North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia—six States—furnished 59,335 -troops, and received $52,438,130. In other terms, the Northern States furnished -about three times the number of troops and received less than one fifth more pay. -In particular States the inequality was far greater.</p> - - -<h3>The War of 1812.</h3> - -<p>The Slaveholders envied the commercial prosperity of the North, and, to -crush it, decreed the war of 1812, under the pretence of defending “free trade -and sailor’s rights;” and one hundred and thirty-seven millions of dollars were -wasted in its prosecution, and $200,000,000 more were lost on sea and land -by Northern merchants and farmers, and then, leaving “free trade and sailor’s -rights” where they were before, they made peace, and demanded a National -Bank and Protective Tariff. And in the prosecution of the war, says <span class="smcap">Alvan -Stewart</span>, Esq, (Address to Abolitionists Aug. 1846)—“The South placed Major -General Smyth at Buffalo, a slaveholding lawyer of Virginia; Major -General Winder, a slaveholding lawyer of Maryland, at Forty Mile Creek, on -the side of Lake Ontario; Major General Wilkinson, a Louisiana slaveholder, -at the Cedars and Rapids of the St. Lawrence; and Major General Wade -Hampton, the great sugar boiler of Louisiana, and the largest slaveholder in -the United States, (having over 5000 crushed human beings bowing to this -monster and tyrant), was located at Burlington, Vermont, four slaveholding -Generals with their four armies, were stretched out on our northern frontier, -not to <em>take</em> Canada, but to prevent its being taken, by the men of New England -and New York, in 1812, '13 and '14; lest we should make some six or eight -free States from Canada, if conquered. This was treason against Northern -interests, blood and honor. This horrid revelation could have been proved by -General John Armstrong, then Secretary of War, after he and Mr. Madison -quarreled.”</p> - - -<h3>Florida, Florida War, Removal of the Indians.</h3> - -<p>While Florida was in possession of Spain it furnished an asylum for slaves -escaping from the contiguous States. It was therefore bought, at the dictation<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_9" id="Page_9">[9]</a></span> -of the slaveholders, at an expense of $5,000,000. For the same purpose, and at -the same dictation the late Florida War was waged, and the native Indian -exiled. Of this, the Hon. <span class="smcap">J. R. Giddings</span>, 1845, said,—“They (the army) captured -460 negroes, who were adjudged slaves by staff officers of the army, to -whom the duty was assigned, and who delivered them over to interminable -bondage. [See House Doc. 52, 3d Sess. 27th Congress.] We have no means -by which we can determine the number of lives sacrificed in that war; but it -may be safely asserted, that the capture of each slave cost the lives of two white -men, and at least $80,000 in cash, the most of which was drawn from the -pockets of the people of the free States. The whole expense of the -war is estimated at $40,000,000. The moral guilt incurred, and the sacrifice -of national character cannot be estimated. Perhaps I ought to add, on the -authority of Gen. Jessup, that bloodhounds were also purchased to act as auxiliaries -to our army, and that bloodhounds, and soldiers, and officers, marched -together under the star-spangled banner, in pursuit of the panting fugitives who -had fled from Southern oppression. [House Doc. 125, 3d Sess. 25th Congress.] -And blood hounds, and soldiers, and officers were paid for from the avails of -Northern industry; while our people were not permitted to petition their servants -to be relieved from such degradation.” One R. Fitzpatrick was employed -to get the blood hounds. He obtained thirty-three, and the cost, including expenses -of bringing to Florida, was $5000. The removal of the Indians from -the several slave States was merely to make room for slavery; and it has cost -at least $50,000,000, and of all these millions the North has had to pay the -largest share.</p> - - -<h3>Texas and the Mexican War.</h3> - -<p>Everybody knows that Texas was annexed and that the war is waged to extend -and strengthen Slavery. The cost of these measures is yet to be ascertained. -There is little doubt that it will exceed rather than fall short of one -hundred millions.</p> - - -<h3>Bank, Tariff, Southern Bankruptcy, &c.</h3> - -<p>The South originated the Bank and the Tariff. When they ceased to work -for its interests, the South abolished both. The sums filched from the North by -these changes of national polity and by Southern bankrupts, seem almost incredible. -$27,000,000, of the capital of the United States Bank was sunk at -the South. $500,000,000, it is estimated, would not more than meet the losses -of the North, in sixty years, from Southern bankruptcy. In fine, there is no -end to these burdens—this side-wise plunder of the free, by those whose entire -life is a wholesale plunder of the Slave. How long will freemen bear it?</p> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> -<div class="stanza"> - <div class="verse">“We have a weapon firmer set</div> - <div class="verse">And better than the bayonet:—</div> - <div class="verse indent4">A weapon that comes down, as still</div> - <div class="verse indent6">As snow-flakes fall upon the sod,</div> - <div class="verse indent4">But executes a freeman’s will</div> - <div class="verse indent6">As lightning does the will of God;</div> - <div class="verse">And from its force, nor doors nor locks</div> - <div class="verse">Can shield you:—tis <span class="smcap">THE BALLOT-BOX</span>.”</div> -</div> -</div> -</div> - - -<h2>SLAVEHOLDING RELIGION.</h2> - - -<h3>Maintaining Theological Seminaries.</h3> - -<p>The following is the conclusion of an advertisement in the Savannah Republican -of March 23, 1845:—</p> - -<p>“Also, at the same time and place, the following negro slaves, to wit: Charles, -Peggy, Antonet, Davy, September, Maria, Jenny, and Isaac, levied as the property -of <span class="smcap">Henry T. Hall</span>, to satisfy a mortgage <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">fi. fa.</i>, issued out of the Supreme -Court, in favor of the <em>Board of Directors</em> of the <em>Theological Seminary</em> of the -<span class="smcap">Synod of South Carolina and Georgia</span>, vs. said Henry T. Hall. Conditions, -Cash.</p> - -<p class="right">C. O’NEAL, Sheriff M. C.“</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_10" id="Page_10">[10]</a></span></p> - - -<h3>Buying Church Furniture.</h3> - -<p>A runaway slave, in 1841, assigned the following as his reason for not communing -with the church to which he belonged at the South. “The church,” -said he, “had silver furniture for the administration of the Lord’s Supper, to -procure which, they <em>sold my brother</em>! and I could not bear the feelings it produced, -to go forward and receive the sacrament from the vessels which were the -purchase of my brother’s blood.”</p> - - -<h3>Supporting Churches by Slave Jobbing.</h3> - -<p>The Rev. J. Cable, of Indiana, May 20, 1846, in a letter to the Mercer -Luminary, says:—“I have lived eight years in a slave State, (Va.)—received -my Theological education at the Union Theological Seminary, near Hampden -Sydney College. Those who know anything about slavery, know the worst -kind is jobbing slavery—that is, the hiring out of slaves from year to year, -while the master is not present to protect them. It is the interest of the one who -hires them, to get the worth of his money of them, and the loss is the master’s -if they die. What shocked me more than anything else, was the church engaged -in this jobbing of slaves. The college church which I attended, and -which was attended by all the students of Hampden Sydney College and Union -Theological Seminary, held slaves enough to pay their pastor, Mr. Stanton, -<span class="smcap">ONE THOUSAND DOLLARS</span> a year, of which the church members did not pay a cent -(so I understood it). The slaves, who had been left to the church by some pious -mother in Israel, had increased so as to be a large and still increasing fund. -These were hired out on Christmas day of each year, the day in which they -celebrate the birth of our blessed Savior, to the highest bidder. These worked -hard the whole year to pay the pastor his $1000 a year, and it was left to the -caprice of their employers whether they ever heard one sermon for which they -toiled hard the whole year to procure. This was the church in which the professors -of the seminary and the college often officiated. Since the abolitionists -have made so much noise about the connection of the church with slavery, the -Rev. Elisha Balenter informed me the church had sold this <em>property</em> and put the -money in <em>other stock</em>. There were four churches near the college church, that -were in the same situation with this, when I was in that country, that supported -the pastor, in whole or in part, in the same way, viz: Cumberland church, -John Kirkpatrick, pastor; Briny church, William Plummer, pastor, (since Dr. -P. of Richmond;) Buffalo church, Mr. Cochran, pastor; Pisga church, near -the peaks of Otter, J. Mitchell, pastor.”</p> - - -<h3>Selling Ministers as Slaves.</h3> - -<p>At the great Convention, at Cincinnati, in June 1845, Mr. Needham of -Louisville, Ky., said:—“Sir, in 1844, a Methodist preacher, with regular license -and certificate, was placed in the Louisville jail, as a slave on sale. He -preached in the jail sermons which would have done credit to any white -preacher of the town. He kept a little memorandum in his pocket, in which -he marked the number of persons hopefully converted under his preaching. I -represented his case to leading Methodists in Louisville, and showed them a -copy of his papers which I had taken. <em>Not one of them visited him in his prison.</em> -He said he forgave those who had imprisoned him and were about to sell him. -He was sold down the river, which was the last time I saw him.”</p> - - -<h3>A Slaveholding D. D. whipping his “b—h” on Sabbath morning preparatory to -preaching.</h3> - -<p>March 28, 1843, in a public address at Cincinnati, the Rev. Edward Smith, -True Wesleyan, of Pittsburgh, stated that he had lived in slave states thirty-two -years; and, speaking of a certain D. D. of his acquaintance, he adds:—“He -was a slaveholder, and a severe one, too, and often, with his own hands, he applied -the cowhide to the naked backs of his slaves. On one occasion, a woman -that served in the house, committed, on Sabbath morning, an offence of too -great magnitude to go unpunished until Monday morning. The Dr. took his -woman into the cellar, and as is usual in such cases, stripped her from her -waist up, and then applied the lash. The woman writhed and winced under -each stroke, and cried, '<em>Oh Lord!</em> <span class="smcap">Oh Lord!!</span> OH LORD!!!’ The Doctor<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_11" id="Page_11">[11]</a></span> -stopped, and his hands fell to his side as though struck with palsy, gazed on the -woman with astonishment, and thus addressed her, (the congregation must pardon -me for repeating his words), 'Hush, you b—h, will you take the name of -the Lord in vain on the Sabbath day?’ When he had stopped the woman from -the gross profanity of crying to God on the Sabbath day, he finished whipping -her, and then went and essayed to preach that gospel to his congregation, which -proclaims liberty to the captive and the opening of the prison doors to them who -are bound.”</p> - - -<h3>The Greatest Impediment.</h3> - -<p>“We are about to make an announcement,” says the True American, “which -must sound very strange to those whose field of observation is unlike our own: -The greatest impediment to the success of the Anti-Slavery movement in the -slave States is, the opposition to it of those men who profess to have been commissioned -by high Heaven to go abroad and use their efforts for the mitigation -of human misery and the extirpation of human wrong! This assertion, which -appears so monstrous, will not surprise any one who lives among slaveholders. -Our conviction of its truth has been confirmed by extensive observation.”</p> - - - -<hr class="chap" /> -<div class="chapter"> -<h2>RELIGIOUS TESTIMONIES.</h2> -</div> - - -<p><span class="smcap">Archbishop Potter.</span> Some of our wise ones will have it that <i lang="el" xml:lang="el">doulos</i> means -slave. Archbishop Potter, than whom no man was more learned in Grecian -antiquities, in his work on them, published years ago, says, chap. 10, “Slaves, -as long as they were under the government of a master, were called <i lang="el" xml:lang="el">oiketdi</i>; -but <em>after their freedom</em> was granted them, they were <i lang="el" xml:lang="el">douloi</i>, not being like the -former, a part of their master’s estate, but only obliged to some grateful acknowledgments -and small services, such as were required of the <i lang="el" xml:lang="el">Metoikoi</i>, to -whom they were in some few things inferior.”</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p><span class="smcap">The Younger Edwards</span>, (Pastor of a church in New Haven, and afterwards -President of Union College)—“Every man who cannot show, that his negro -hath by his voluntary conduct, forfeited his liberty, is obligated <em>immediately to -manumit him</em>. And to hold [such an one] in a state of slavery, is to be every -day guilty of robbing him of his liberty, or of <em>man-stealing</em>—and fifty years -from this time (1791) it will be as <em>shameful for a man to hold a negro slave, as to -be guilty of common robbery or theft</em>.”</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p><span class="smcap">Dr. Adam Clarke.</span> “Among Christians slavery is an <em>enormity</em>, and a <em>crime</em> -for which <em>perdition</em> has scarcely an adequate state of punishment.”</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p><span class="smcap">Rev. Albert Barnes.</span> “From the whole train of reasoning which I have -pursued, I trust it will not be considered as improper to regard it as a position -clearly demonstrated, that the fair influence of the Christian religion would -everywhere abolish slavery. Let its principles be acted out; let its maxims -prevail and rule in the hearts of all men, and the system, in the language of the -Princeton Repertory, 'would <span class="smcap">SPEEDILY</span> come to an end.’ In what way this is to -be brought about, and in what manner the influence of the church may be made -to bear upon it, are points on which there may be differences of opinion. But -there is one method which is obvious, and which, if everywhere practised, -would certainly lead to this result. It is, <em>for the Christian church to cease all -connection with slavery</em>.”</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p><span class="smcap">Rev. S. H. Cox, D. D.</span> “The cause of human rights is only the converse -of the cause of human duties; and how pious, or how orthodox, or how heroic, -I should like to know, is he, for whose higher evangelical refinement of sensibility, -this subject of righteousness is too 'delicate’ to be theologized into our -ethics, our creed, or our prayers? Away with such nauseating and hypocritical -affectation, in high places, and low ones, too.”—<cite>Letter to S. J. May, Auburn, -May 5, 1835.</cite></p> - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_12" id="Page_12">[12]</a></span></p> - - - - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2>ANTI-SLAVERY DEPOSITORY,</h2> -</div> -<hr class="tb" /> -<p class="ph3">PUBLICATION OFFICE,</p> - -<p class="ph4">AND</p> - -<p class="ph3">FREE READING ROOM;</p> - -<p class="ph4">NO. 22 SPRUCE STREET,<br /> - -(3rd door east of <span class="smcap">Nassau Street</span>,)<br /> - -NEW YORK.</p> - - -<p>William Harned, Publishing Agent of the American and Foreign Anti-Slavery -Society, invites the attention of the friends of the cause in every part of the -country, to the new Depository and Publishing Office, which is centrally and -pleasantly located, and designed to afford every attainable facility for promoting -the great objects of the Society.</p> - -<p><span class="gesperrt">THE AMERICAN AND FOREIGN ANTI-SLAVERY REPORTER,</span> -edited by Rev. A. A. Phelps, is published monthly, at 50 cents per annum, -with a material reduction to those who take several copies.</p> - -<div class="blockquot"> - -<p><span class="smcap">The Reading Room</span>, <em>free to all</em>, is furnished with files of all the Anti-Slavery -papers and periodicals published in this country; together with a good selection -of religious, literary, and political papers. It is also intended to establish -an extensive Library of all works on the subject of Slavery, so far as they can -be obtained.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">A Depository</span> for the sale of Anti-Slavery Publications has been established; -from which it is intended that all the standard works on Slavery may be obtained, -at wholesale and retail. In addition to such of the publications of the -American Anti-Slavery Society as are yet in print, we have now on sale the -following new and popular works, viz.:—</p> - -<ul> - <li>Memoirs and Writings of Charles T. Torrey,</li> - <li>Barnes on American Slavery,</li> - <li>Bacon “ ” “</li> - <li>Debate between Rice and Blanchard,</li> - <li>Discussion between Wayland and Fuller,</li> - <li>Whittier’s Poems, 4th and complete edition,</li> - <li>Home, by Rev, Charles T. Torrey,</li> - <li>Clarke’s Liberty Minstrel, last edition,</li> - <li>Narrative of Lewis and Milton Clarke,</li> - <li> ” “ Frederic Douglass,</li> - <li>The Slave: or, Memoirs of Archy Moore,</li> - <li>Poems, by William H. Burleigh,</li> - <li>Winona, the Brown Maid of the South,</li> - <li>Unconstitutionality of Slavery, by Spooner, both editions,</li> - <li>Sinfulness of Slavery, by James G. Birney,</li> - <li>Slavery, and the Slaveholders’ Religion, by Brooke,</li> - <li>A Reproof of the American Church,</li> - <li>Condensed Bible Argument, by a Virginian,</li> - <li>Alvan Stewart’s Legal Argument,</li> - <li>Address of the Cincinnati Liberty Convention,</li> - <li>An Appeal for the Bondwoman, a Poem by E. Lloyd,</li> - <li>The American Board and Slaveholding, by Rev. W. W. Patton,</li> - <li>German Anti-Slavery Almanac for 1847, &c. &c.</li> -</ul> -</div> - -<p>---> Address all orders for the Reporter, Books, &c. postpaid, to</p> - -<p class="indent"> -WILLIAM HARNED, 5 Spruce Street, New York. -</p> - -<div class="tnote"><h3>Transcriber’s Notes:</h3> -<ul> -<li>Obvious printer’s errors corrected, including unambiguous typos, -spellings corrected to match standard spelling at time of publication, -missing but implied quote marks, and the like.</li> - -<li>On the final page, a small finger pointing to the right has been replaced with “--->”</li> - -<li>Every effort has been made to replicate this text as faithfully as possible, -including non-standard punctuation, inconsistently hyphenated words, and other inconsistencies.</li> -</ul> -</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin-top:4em'>*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK FACTS FOR THE PEOPLE OF THE FREE STATES ***</div> -<div style='text-align:left'> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -Updated editions will replace the previous one—the old editions will -be renamed. -</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United -States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. 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