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diff --git a/old/65748-0.txt b/old/65748-0.txt deleted file mode 100644 index 8c60b0c..0000000 --- a/old/65748-0.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,2067 +0,0 @@ -The Project Gutenberg eBook of Tales from Westminster Abbey, by -Millicent Frewen Lord - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and -most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms -of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you -will have to check the laws of the country where you are located before -using this eBook. - -Title: Tales from Westminster Abbey - Told to Children by Mrs. Frewen Lord - -Author: Millicent Frewen Lord - -Release Date: July 3, 2021 [eBook #65748] - -Language: English - -Produced by: Benjamin Fluehr and the Online Distributed Proofreading - Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from - images generously made available by The Internet Archive) - -*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK TALES FROM WESTMINSTER -ABBEY *** - -[Illustration: WEST FRONT OF WESTMINSTER ABBEY. - -_After a Photograph by the London Stereoscopic and Photographic Co., -Ltd._] - - - - - TALES - - FROM - - WESTMINSTER ABBEY - - TOLD TO CHILDREN BY - - MRS. FREWEN LORD. - - - WITH - VIGNETTE PORTRAIT OF DEAN STANLEY, PLAN OF THE ABBEY - AND GENERAL VIEW OF WEST FRONT OF ABBEY. - - - _SECOND EDITION._ - - - LONDON: - SAMPSON LOW, MARSTON & COMPANY - _LIMITED_, - St. Dunstan’s House, - Fetter Lane, Fleet Street, E.C. - 1894. - - [_All rights reserved._] - - - - - LONDON: - PRINTED BY WILLIAM CLOWES AND SONS, LIMITED, - STAMFORD STREET AND CHARING CROSS. - - - - -[Illustration: DEAN STANLEY. - -_From a Photograph by the London Stereoscopic Company._] - - - - - DEDICATED - - to the memory of - - DEAN STANLEY, - - whose walks and talks with children - - in Westminster Abbey - - can never be effaced from the - - grateful recollection of one who as a child - - had the happiness of enjoying them. - - - - -TALES - -FROM - -WESTMINSTER ABBEY. - - - - -CHAPTER I. - - -A great many years ago, when I was quite a small child, I was taken -with some other children over Westminster Abbey by Dean Stanley, who -was then the Dean of Westminster. - -Some of you may have read a book called “Tom Brown’s School Days,” -and if so you will remember Tom’s great friend, Arthur, who began his -school life a lonely and home-sick little boy, but who as the years -went on came to be looked up to and liked almost more than any other -boy at Rugby. “George Arthur” this boy is called in the book, but -his real name was Arthur Stanley, and when he grew up he became a -clergyman, and was for many years Dean of Westminster. He wrote a great -many books, and one all about Westminster Abbey; for he knew every -corner and part of this great church, and was full of stories about the -great people who are buried here, and the kings and queens who were -crowned here. There was nothing he liked better than taking people over -the Abbey, and any one who had the happiness of going with him, as I -did, and of hearing him, would always remember some, at any rate, of -the stories he told. - -He died in 1881, and as none of you can ever see or hear him, standing -in the Abbey surrounded by children, and telling them all that he -thought would interest them, I am going to take out of my memory, and -out of this book of his,[1] just as much of what he used to say as I -hope will help you to enjoy what you will see there. - -When one goes to visit any place for the first time, there is always -a great deal that one wants to have explained; and what I myself most -enjoy is to read or be told beforehand something about what I am going -to see, and then I understand it much better--I do not waste so much -time in asking questions, and have all the more time to look about. - -If we go and stand at the great West Door, as it is called, of -Westminster Abbey, and look down Victoria Street, it is difficult to -believe that this very same place was, hundreds of years ago, quite -wild country. Where there are now houses and streets and churches, -there used to be only marshy land and forests. Where there are now -endless streams of carriages, carts, and omnibuses, and people -hurrying along, there were in the far-off time, when the Abbey Church -of Westminster was first begun, only wild oxen or huge red deer with -towering antlers which strayed from the neighbouring hills and roamed -about in this jungle. It used to be called “the terrible place,” so -wild and so lonely was it. - -Dotted about in the marsh were many little islands, one of which was -called Thorney Isle, because there were so many wild thorn trees -growing there, and on this spot Westminster Abbey now stands. - -For as the forests in this part of London were gradually cut down, -this island looked so pretty and quiet with the water flowing all -round it, and nothing to be seen from it but sunny green meadows, -that King Edward the Confessor chose it as the place to build a great -church, which he called the Church of St. Peter. At that time there -were not many large churches in England, and the Church of St. Peter -was thought to be one of the most splendid that was ever seen. It took -fifteen years to build, but at last it was finished, and on Christmas -Day, 1065, King Edward the Confessor, wearing his crown, as was the -custom in those days on great occasions, came with all his bishops and -nobles to the first great service in the Abbey Church which he himself -had built. He was then a very old man, and a few days after the great -service he was taken ill and died, and was buried in his own church. He -is called the Founder of the Abbey, and you will see, when you go round -it, the shrine of King Edward and of his queen, who was afterwards -buried at his side. - -Now, there is only one more thing to be remembered before we begin to -look round inside and decide what are the most interesting things to -see, and that is that this Abbey we are in to-day is _not_ the actual -Church of St. Peter which King Edward the Confessor built. Of that -church there is now left only a little bit of one pillar, which perhaps -a guide will show you, within the altar-rail, in what is called the -“Sacrarium.” I do not mean that the church was pulled down all at once, -and this Abbey built instead, but bit by bit, as years went on, it was -added to and altered. New parts were built on by different kings--for -Westminster Abbey is a church that has been all built by kings and -princes--and as the new parts were added, the old were gradually pulled -down. - -Of all the kings who helped to build and beautify the Abbey, Henry III. -was the one who did most, and he spent on it such enormous sums of -money that he is often spoken of as one of the most extravagant kings -England ever had. He made up his mind that the Abbey of Westminster was -to be the most beautiful church in the world, and he used to invite the -best foreign artists and sculptors to come and help to make plans and -paintings and carvings for it. He it was who built the shrine where -Edward the Confessor is now buried, in the part of the choir behind -where the communion table (formerly the high altar) now stands. It was -when he was growing to be an old man that he thought the founder of -the Abbey ought to be treated with special honour and respect, and so -almost the last thing he did in his life was to build this shrine, -which stands in what is called Edward the Confessor’s Chapel. - -The king sent all the way to Rome--and in those days the journey was a -very much longer and more difficult one than it is now--for the mosaics -and enamels which are still to be seen on the shrine; the workmen who -made it came from Rome, where the best workmen were then to be found; -and the twisted columns round the shrine were made in imitation of the -columns on some of the tombs in the great churches in Rome.[2] - -When it was finished, in 1269, the old king himself, his brother -Richard, and his two sons, Edward and Edmund, carried the coffin of -Edward the Confessor on their shoulders from the place where it had -been buried in 1065 to the new chapel, and there it has rested to this -very day. - -Years afterwards a great and magnificent chapel was added by Henry -VII. at the east end of the Abbey, which was called after him. He was -buried there when he died, and so were his grandson, Edward VI., and -Queen Elizabeth, and Mary Queen of Scots, and many others whose tombs -you must look at by-and-by. - -It was in the year 1509 that Henry VII. was buried in Westminster -Abbey, just four hundred and forty-four years after the burial of King -Edward the Confessor. But in these four hundred and forty-four years -the Abbey had been so much altered, the old parts so pulled down and -rebuilt, that King Edward, could he have seen it again, would hardly -have believed that this great Abbey, as we see it to-day, had grown up -from his first Church of St. Peter on Thorney Isle. - -And now, as I have said enough about the building of the Abbey, we can -go inside and begin to see some of the monuments and tombs of which it -is full. - - - - -CHAPTER II. - - -This chapter on the _geography_ of the Abbey, as I call it, has nothing -to do with the stories which begin in the next chapter, and the only -reason that I have written it at all is this. In the days when I first -heard many of the stories which I am going to tell you now, they were -told to us by Dean Stanley in the Abbey. As we walked about with him -he explained to us what part of the church we were in, and pointed out -the tomb or monument of the man, or woman, or child about whom he was -telling us. But some of you may read this little book before you have -ever been to Westminster Abbey, and others may have been there, but may -not know the names of the different parts of the church, or where any -particular monument or tomb is. - -So, instead of trying to explain at the beginning of every story -whereabouts we are supposed to be standing, I am putting all such -explanations in this chapter; and this will, I hope, help you to find -your way about in the Abbey for yourselves. If you only want to hear -the stories, you must miss this chapter and go on to the next one. - -Just as we have maps to understand the geography of countries, so we -have maps, which are called _plans_, to understand the geography of -churches and houses, and the drawing you see on the opposite page is -a map or plan of the inside of Westminster Abbey. The picture at the -beginning of this book is a view of the outside. - -We will now suppose we have just come into the Abbey at the great -west door, the door between the two towers (see frontispiece). The -name is marked on the plan.[3] We should then be standing in what is -called the nave, and right in front of us and through those iron gates -underneath the organ is the choir. That is where service is held every -morning and every afternoon, and where all the Westminster School boys -sit on Sundays when they come to church, for as Westminster school has -no chapel of its own, the boys have all their services in the Abbey. -Through the choir gates you can see the communion table in front of -you, and behind that, again, are all the chapels where the kings and -queens are buried. The nave and transepts are full of the monuments and -graves of great men. The numbers 1, 2, 3, etc., on the plan mark those -about which you will find stories later on. - -[Illustration: PLAN OF WESTMINSTER ABBEY.] - - A. Chapel of Edward Confessor. - B. „ St. Benedict. - C. „ St. Edmund. - D. „ St. Nicholas. - E. Henry VII. Chapel. - F. Chapel of St. Paul. - G. „ St. John Baptist. - H. „ St. Erasmus. - I. „ Abbot Islip. - J. „ St. John Evangelist. - K. „ St. Michael. - L. „ St. Andrew. - - 1. Lord Shaftesbury. - 2. General Gordon. - 3. Edward Mansell. - 4. Edward de Carteret. - 5. Sir Isaac Newton. - 6. Lord Lawrence. - 7. Sir James Outram. - 8. David Livingstone. - 9. Henry Fawcett. - 10. Sir John Franklin. - 11. Geoffrey Chaucer. - 12. Alfred Tennyson. - 13. Shakespeare. - 14. Handel. - 15. Lord Beaconsfield. - 16. George Canning. - 17. Earl Canning. - 18. Lord Stratford de Redcliffe. - 19. Lord Chatham and William Pitt. - 20. Wilberforce. - 21. Henry III. - 22. Queen Eleanor. - 23. Edward I. - 24. Edward III. - 25. Richard II. - 26. Henry V. - 27. Henry VII. and Queen. - 28. Queen Elizabeth and Queen Mary Tudor. - 29. Mary Queen of Scots. - 30. Oliver Cromwell. - 31. Edward VI. - 32. Dean Stanley. - -And now, if you look at the plan, you will see exactly where -everything is. The whole Abbey is built on a piece of land which has -the shape of a cross laid upon the ground. The nave and choir represent -the stem of the cross, and the two transepts form the two arms. - -In the part of the choir beyond the communion table are the chapels. -Altogether there are eleven, and they are arranged like a wreath round -the shrine of Edward the Confessor. They are marked on the plan by -the letters A, B, C, etc., and their names you will find on the plan, -beginning with A, which is the Chapel of Edward the Confessor. - -One last thing I must explain before we begin the stories, and that -is--how this great church came to be called an Abbey, and not a -Cathedral. It is not at all difficult to remember when you have once -been told. - -The Church of St. Peter did not stand, as you may have supposed, all by -itself on Thorney Isle, but was only one part of a mass of buildings -called the Monastery of St. Peter. - -A monastery, as you very likely already know, was a kind of college -for monks. Here they lived under the rule of an abbot; and the church -belonging to the monastery--for every monastery had a church, as well -as a school and hospital or infirmary, belonging to it--was called an -Abbey. - -In early days the life of the monks was a very busy one. They did -all the rough work, such as cooking, and cleaning pots and pans; for -although many of them had been great soldiers or great nobles, they -did not think any work done for the monastery was beneath them. They -ploughed the land and planted seeds; they cut down trees for firewood; -they nursed the sick; they fed and looked after the poor who lived -round about them; and they taught in the school, and watched over the -boys who were sent there to be educated. - -Many boys--not only those who intended to become monks when they grew -up, but those also who were to go out into the world, or become -soldiers--went to the monastery schools to be taught. Here the sons of -great nobles sat to learn their lessons side by side with the children -of the poorest people, who were allowed to come and have as good an -education as the rich without paying any school fees. The schools were -open to all who wished to learn. - -Of course, Scripture was the chief thing that they were taught, but -the monks did not think that alone was enough, and the boys often -learnt, besides reading and writing, grammar, poetry, astronomy, and -arithmetic. Latin many of the monks talked almost as easily as their -own language, and very often music and painting were added to all this. -In the cloisters, or covered walks belonging to the monastery, the -boys learned their lessons, always with a master near by, and sitting -one behind another, so that no signals or jokes were possible. And -very hard it must have been to keep their attention on their work in -summer time when, if they looked up, they could see through the open -archways the sun shining on the grass in the centre of the cloisters, -and inviting them to come and play there. Something was always going -on in the cloisters. Sometimes the schoolboys were tempted to waste -their time watching the monks shaving. Once a fortnight in summer, -and once in three weeks in winter, the monks came out here with hot -water and soap, and the important business of shaving went on, while -on “Saturdays the heads and feet of the brethren were duly washed.” -If while all these things were going on the abbot appeared, every one -stood up and bowed, and the lessons and the shaving and the washing -stopped until he had passed by. - -Perhaps the most important part of every monastery was the library, and -an abbot who cared much for the monastery over which he ruled tried -to collect and preserve and buy as many books as he could. In those -days printing was not invented, and so every book of which many copies -were wanted had to be written out by the monks. And this they did in -a most wonderful way, copying them, so we are told,[4] “on parchment -of extreme fineness prepared by their own hands,” and ornamenting them -with “the most delicate miniatures and paintings.” The monks at that -time loved their books more than anything else, and there was a saying -among them that a cloister without books was like a fortress without -an arsenal. Often they took long and difficult journeys to see or to -copy the books in other monasteries. “Our books,” said a monk, “are -our delight and our wealth in time of peace, ... our food when we are -hungry, and our medicine when we are sick.” - -And now, having told you a little about the life of the monks in those -far-off days, we must come back to these buildings on Thorney Isle, -which as I have said were called the Monastery of St. Peter. It is -not known when this particular monastery was first founded; but it is -said that St. Dunstan, who lived in the reign of King Edwy, found -there some half-ruined buildings. He repaired them, and then brought -twelve monks to live in company with him. But probably the Danes, -who were often invading England at that time, destroyed this little -monastery, for when Edward the Confessor came to the throne, many years -afterwards, it had almost, if not quite, disappeared; and when he -rebuilt it he added this great church of St. Peter, about which I told -you in the first chapter. - -There is a pretty story told of how this came about. An old monk was -one day lying asleep, and in his sleep he was commanded by St. Peter, -who appeared visibly to him, to acquaint the king that it was his -pleasure he should restore the monastery. “There is,” said the apostle, -“a place of mine in the west part of London which I choose and love. -The name of the place is Thorney.... There let the king by my command -make a dwelling of monks, stately build and amply endow; it shall be -no less than the House of God, and the Gates of Heaven.” When he woke -up, the old monk went to the king and told him his vision. Upon hearing -it Edward journeyed to “the west part of London;” there he found -Thorney Isle, and there he built the monastery and church, which he -called after the apostle. - -And now at last we have finished all the explanations. In the first -chapter I told you how the Abbey came to be built, and in this one I -have shown you how to find your way about it. In the next I shall begin -telling you the stories, the first being about Lord Shaftesbury, whose -monument is in the nave, where you see No. 1 on the plan. - - - - -CHAPTER III. - - -Very likely you have never even heard the name of Lord Shaftesbury; -but as you will be sure to read and hear of him by-and-by, I will tell -you a little about what he did, and why a monument was put up in his -memory. He was born in 1801, and died in 1885, and so was an old man -of eighty-four when he died. He spent all his long life in trying to -make other people--especially the poorest and most miserable he could -find--more happy and more comfortable. He was a great nobleman, and -very rich, and he gave most of his time to finding out the cause of the -suffering of the poorest people in England, and, when he had found it -out, he helped to make laws to improve things for them, and, if money -was wanted, he gave that too. But he gave away his money wisely and -well; he never was taken in by idle people and beggars who would not -work for themselves; his motto seems to have been to “help those who -help themselves,” and one name by which he was known was “The Working -Man’s Friend.” But especially may he be remembered by all children -for what he did for children. More than fifty years ago, when first -machines (spinning machines and weaving machines) were invented in -the great cotton factories in England, it was found that children -could work them just as well as men and women; and as children would -not have to be paid so much as men, the masters of the mills began to -employ them. Quite tiny children, sometimes not more than five years -old, and so small that they often had to be lifted up on stools to -reach their work, were made to toil in the mills and factories all day, -and sometimes all night too. They were treated like little slaves. If -they did not work fast enough, they were beaten and kicked by their -masters; and they spent all their days in hot rooms, hearing nothing -but the whirring of the machines, and stopping their work only for -about half an hour in the middle of the day for their dinner, which -was generally only black bread and porridge, and sometimes a little -bacon. They had no time for play, and they had no time to rest, except -on Sundays, and then they were too tired to move from the berths (or -shelves) where they slept, for they did not even have proper beds. - -Then, again, there were the children who worked in coal-mines, who -spent all their days in damp, dark mines, who never saw the sun, and -who had to draw the trucks filled with coal, or carry great baskets -full of it on their backs. And all this they began to do before they -were six years old. - -When Lord Shaftesbury saw these things--for he went into the mills and -the factories, and he went down into the mines--he made up his mind -that something must be done for such children. So he made speeches in -Parliament, in which he told of the cruelty with which thousands of -English children were treated; and at last laws were made by which it -was forbidden to let such little children work in mines and factories -at all, and by which older children were given shorter hours to work -and more time for rest and fresh air. All this and much more Lord -Shaftesbury did during his long life, and when at last he died, this -monument was put up in Westminster Abbey with these words on it, so -that people who had never known him might be always reminded of the way -he spent his life:-- - - LORD SHAFTESBURY, - BORN 1801; DIED 1885. - ENDEARED TO HIS COUNTRYMEN BY A LONG - LIFE SPENT IN THE CAUSE OF THE - HELPLESS AND SUFFERING. - “LOVE--SERVE.” - -Close to Lord Shaftesbury, there is a monument to a great soldier, -General Gordon,[5] who was killed in Egypt in 1885--the same year that -Lord Shaftesbury died. He fought in the Crimean War and in China, and -was often called “Chinese Gordon.” All the soldiers who served under -him were so fond and proud of him that they would have done anything -for him. He was very brave, and it was well known that he would always -be in the front rank to lead his men when there was a battle, and this, -more than anything else, made him popular. He himself never was armed -except with a little cane, which his soldiers called “the wand of -victory.” Once when he was wounded his men wanted to carry him out of -the battle, but he would not allow it, and went on leading them till he -fainted from pain and weakness. - -Lord Shaftesbury, the great statesman, died in England, with all his -many friends near him, and General Gordon, the great soldier, was -killed by savages while he was shut up in Khartoum, a town in Africa, -where he was besieged; but their two monuments are close together in -Westminster Abbey, and they were alike in one thing--they both did all -they could to help other people. Of course, Gordon had not time to do -so much as Lord Shaftesbury,[6] but when he was not fighting he lived -in England, and then “his house,” said a gentleman who knew him,[7] -“was school and hospital and almshouse in turn. The poor, the sick, and -the unfortunate were all welcome. He always took a great delight in -children, but especially in boys employed on the river or the sea. Many -he rescued from the gutter, cleansed them and clothed them, and kept -them for weeks in his house. For their benefit he established reading -classes. He called them his kings, and for many of them he got berths -on board ship. One day a friend asked him why there were so many pins -stuck into the map of the world over his mantelpiece. He was told they -marked and followed the course of the boys on their voyages; that they -were moved from point to point as his youngsters advanced, and that he -prayed for them as they went night and day. The light in which he was -held by those lads was shown by inscriptions in chalk on the fences. -A favourite one was ‘God bless the Kernel,’” which was their way of -spelling “colonel,” for he was at that time Colonel Gordon. - -But I must not stay to tell you more of him now, for there are many -other people I want you to hear about. “This Abbey,” Dean Stanley used -to say, “is full of the remembrances of great men and famous women. -But it is also full of the remembrances of little boys and girls whose -death shot a pang through the hearts of those who loved them, and who -wished that they should never be forgotten.” - -So now, not far from the monuments to these two great men, we come upon -the tombs of two boys who are buried here: one Edward Mansell,[8] a -boy of fourteen, who died as long ago as 1681; and another Edward, -Edward de Carteret,[9] a little boy “seven yeares and nine months -old,” who “dyed the 30th day of October, 1677.” His father and mother -put nothing on his tomb to tell us about him except that he was a -“gentleman;” but that one word tells us much, for it means, said Dean -Stanley, that “they believed--and no belief can be so welcome to any -father or mother--they believed that their little son was growing up -truthful, manly, courageous, courteous, unselfish, and religious.” And -if this little boy had tried to be a “gentleman” in this true and best -sense of the word, it does not seem out of place that he should be -buried in the Abbey among great men and famous women. - -Close by little Edward de Carteret is buried Sir Isaac Newton.[10] -There is on the floor a plain grey stone with these few words in Latin -on it, “Hic depositum quod mortale fuit Isaaci Newtoni,” which means, -“Here lies what was mortal of Isaac Newton.” Sir Isaac Newton was one -of the most celebrated Englishmen who ever lived, and made wonderful -discoveries in science, especially in astronomy, by which his name -is known all over the world. He was born on Christmas Day, 1642, and -lived to be seventy-five years old. In spite of being so learned and so -famous, he was always modest about what he knew, and believed that what -he had learned and discovered was only a very, very little bit of all -there was to learn and discover in the world and about the world. When -he was quite an old man, some one was saying to him one day how much -he had done and how wonderful his discoveries were, and he answered, -“To myself I seem to have been as a child picking up shells on the -seashore, while the great ocean of truth lay unexplored before me.” - -Just above the grey stone in the floor there is a large statue of Sir -Isaac Newton, sitting with his head resting on his hands as though he -were thinking, and a great pile of books by his side. - -I have already told you about General Gordon. I now come to the -story of another great soldier, Sir James Outram, who is buried in -the Abbey. The graves of Sir James Outram and of David Livingstone, -a great traveller and missionary, and of Lord Lawrence, who was the -Governor-General of India, and who did a great deal for the natives -while he lived among them, are all close together, and there is -something interesting to tell you about all these three men, especially -Sir James Outram and David Livingstone. - -If you have read or heard anything of the story of the Indian Mutiny, -when the native soldiers of India rebelled against the English who -governed them, and killed hundreds of men, women, and children, you -must, I think, have heard the names of Lord Lawrence and Sir James -Outram. - -During the years he had lived among them, the natives of India -had grown so fond of Lord Lawrence,[11] that when the mutiny (or -rebellion) broke out, the men of the Punjaub (which was the part of -India he then governed) said they would be true to the man who had -been good to them, and so they fought for England with the few English -soldiers who were then in India, and helped us to conquer the rebels. -Lord Lawrence has been called the “Saviour of India,” because he came -to the help of his fellow-countrymen with these Indian soldiers just -when he was most terribly needed. - -Later on, in the same war, came the siege of Lucknow. Lucknow was one -of the chief cities of India, but the streets were long and narrow and -dirty, and most of the houses were poor and mean. Among them, however, -were some magnificent palaces and temples. The Residency, the house -where the English governor of Lucknow lived, was built on a hill above -the river, and all round it were the offices and the bungalows of the -English who were living there. When the mutiny broke out, it was soon -seen that the native soldiers would attack the English in Lucknow, -and the people at once set to work to make as many preparations -against them as they could. To begin with, Sir Henry Lawrence, who -was in command of the soldiers both English and Indian, and who was -the brother of Lord Lawrence, of whom we spoke just now, ordered all -the women and children to come and live in the Residency, which was -supposed to be the safest place in Lucknow. Then guns, powder and shot, -and food were brought in and stored in the cellars. At last, at nine -o’clock on the evening of the 30th of May, 1857, when the officers were -quietly at dinner, nearly all the native soldiers in Lucknow suddenly -rose against the English. They loaded their guns, and fired at every -one they could see; they broke into the houses, and, after stealing -everything they could, set fire to them; and all night there was -nothing to be heard save the savage yells of the rebels and the firing -of the guns, and nothing to be seen but fighting men and burning -houses. About five hundred of the native soldiers were true to the -English, and they stayed with them and fought against their rebellious -countrymen through all the long siege of Lucknow. For though the rebels -were beaten at their first rising by the English, yet in a month or two -they rose again, and then every one, including the soldiers, was driven -by the enemy into the Residency, which was the last place of refuge. - -Some day, perhaps, you will read a poem by Lord Tennyson called -“Lucknow,” which describes all the terrible things that happened during -the “eighty-seven” days the English and the faithful natives were shut -up in the Residency, on the topmost roof of which, as he says, the -“banner of England blew” during the whole siege, though it was shot -through by bullets, and torn and tattered, and faded in the hot Indian -summer sun. - -One of the first things that happened was that Sir Henry Lawrence was -killed. He was lying on his bed one morning talking to an officer, when -a shell was fired from a cannon into his room. It burst as it fell, -and some of its fragments wounded Sir Henry so terribly that he died -the next day. Almost the last thing he said to the other officers was -to beg them never to give in to the natives, but to fight as long as -there was an English man left alive. Lord Lawrence, his brother, who -died some years afterwards, was buried, as you remember, in Westminster -Abbey; but Sir Henry Lawrence was carried out of the Residency while -the fighting was going on, and the bullets were falling like rain, and -buried side by side with some private soldiers who had also been killed -by the rebels. On his gravestone they put these words, which he himself -had asked should be written there, “Here lies Henry Lawrence, who tried -to do his duty.” - -This was on the 4th of July, and Sir Henry Lawrence had said he thought -it would be possible to defend the Residency for a fortnight. But as -time went on the English grew fewer and fewer; every day more soldiers -were killed, and every day many died of their wounds, while those who -were left alive had to fight day and night. The English ladies nursed -the sick men, and cooked the food, which they used to bring out to -those who were fighting; and they looked after the children, very many -of whom died too. For it was the hottest time of the year in India--a -time when English children are sent away to the hills to get fresh -air--and, besides suffering from the heat, they missed all the comforts -they were accustomed to; they had no milk and very little to eat, and -they were terrified by the noise of the firing and all the confusion. - -But still the fighting went on day after day, long after the fortnight -was over, and day after day the enemy saw the English flag still flying -on the roof of the Residency, and began to think they never would -conquer this brave little band of Englishmen. - -All this time, however, though they did not know it in the Residency, -Sir James Outram[12] and Sir Henry Havelock, with more English -soldiers, were fighting their way to Lucknow.[13] - -They had both been for many years in India, and were two of the bravest -and best men who could possibly have been sent to the relief of the -little band who had been besieged for so many weeks. On the 23rd of -September, nearly _twelve weeks_ after the day Sir Henry Lawrence died, -it was heard in Lucknow that Sir James Outram and Sir Henry Havelock -were close by, and on the 25th the Highlanders were in the city and -fighting their way through the narrow streets to the Residency. Then -from every window and every balcony and every roof the rebels fired -down on them. Many were killed and more were wounded. A story is told, -by Mr. Archibald Forbes,[14] of two Irishmen who were in the Highland -regiment. “They were great friends, named Glandell and M‘Donough, -and in going through one of these narrow streets M‘Donough’s leg was -broken by a bullet. He fell, but he was not left to die, for his friend -who was by him took him on his back and trudged on with his heavy -burden. Although he was carrying M‘Donough, Glandell determined to -fight at the same time, so when there was a chance to fire a shot, he -propped his wounded comrade up against a wall and took up his rifle -instead; then he would pick up M‘Donough again and stagger cheerily on -till a place of safety was reached.” - -At last the gate of the Residency was in sight of the relieving force, -and then the besieged people looking out saw through the smoke officers -on horseback--Outram with a great cut across his face, and one arm in -a sling, on a big white horse, and Havelock walking by his side (for -his horse had been shot), and the Highlanders in their kilts and for -the most part in their shirt-sleeves, with no coats on. “Then,” wrote -some one who had been all these weeks in the Residency--“then all our -doubts and fears were over, and from every pit, trench, and battery, -from behind the sand-bags piled on shattered houses, from every post -still held by a few gallant spirits, even from the hospital, rose cheer -on cheer.” Sir James Outram’s horse shied at the gate, but with a shout -the Highlanders hoisted him through; Sir Henry Havelock followed, “and -then in rushed the eager soldiers, powder-grimed, dusty, and bloody, -... and all round them as they swarmed in crowded ... the fighting -men of the garrison, and the civilians whom the siege had made into -soldiers, and women weeping tears of joy, and the sick and the wounded -who had crawled out of the hospital to welcome their deliverers. The -ladies came down among the soldiers to shake their hands, and the -children hugged them.” “We were all rushing about,” said a lady, -“to give the poor fellows drinks of water, for they were perfectly -exhausted; and tea was made, of which a large party of tired, thirsty -officers partook without milk and sugar, and we had nothing to give -them to eat. Every one’s tongue seemed going at once with so much to -ask and to tell, and the faces of utter strangers beamed on each other -like those of dearest friends and brothers.” So ended the siege of -Lucknow. Sir Henry Havelock had not been wounded, but he had suffered -much from hard work and from having so little to eat. “I find it not so -easy to starve at sixty as at forty-seven,” he said one day. At last, -in November, he became very ill, and when Sir James Outram went to see -him in the common soldier’s tent which he had always used since he had -been in Lucknow, he told him that he was going to die; “but I have -for forty years so ruled my life that when death came I might face it -without fear,” he added. He died on the 24th of November, 1857, and -was buried just outside Lucknow, under a mango tree, and even now the -letter H, which was carved in the bark--for no other monument could be -put up to his memory in those days of war and disturbance--can just be -seen, more than thirty years afterwards. - -Sir James Outram was nursed in Dr. Fayrer’s house in Lucknow until -he was well, and three years afterwards, in 1860, he left India and -came back to England. Then he had many honours shown him; but, like -Sir Henry Havelock, he felt the effects of all he had gone through in -India, and gradually he became more ill, and was at last sent to the -south of France, where he died on the 11th of March, 1863. His body was -brought to England and buried in the Abbey under the grey stone which -you will see in the nave, and on it were written these words-- - - LIEUTENANT-GENERAL SIR JAMES OUTRAM, - BORN JAN. 29TH, 1805; DIED MAR. 11TH, 1863. - “THE BAYARD OF INDIA.” - -I remember, in one of the sermons which he used to preach to children, -Dean Stanley spoke of this grave of Sir James Outram, and said, -“There was a famous French soldier of bygone days whose name you will -see written in this Abbey on the gravestone of Sir James Outram, -because in many ways he was like Bayard. Bayard was a small boy--only -thirteen--when he went into his first service, and his mother told -him to remember three things: first, to fear and love God; secondly, -to have gentle and courteous manners to those above him; and thirdly, -to be generous and charitable, without pride or haughtiness, to those -beneath him; and these three things he never forgot, which helped to -make him the soldier without fear and without reproach.” And it was in -these three things that Sir James Outram was supposed to be so like the -French soldier, Bayard. - -One more thing I must tell you before we pass on to David Livingstone. -On the morning of the day when Outram was to be buried, some Highland -soldiers came to his house and asked to be allowed to carry the coffin -on their shoulders down to the Abbey. They were some men from the 78th -Regiment--the very same men who had fought under him at the relief of -Lucknow, and who had been with him when Sir Henry Havelock was buried -under the mango tree; and they came now hoping to carry the body of Sir -James Outram to his burial. Unfortunately, they were too late, and were -told, much to their disappointment, that this was impossible because -other arrangements had been made. - -We come now to David Livingstone,[15] the great traveller and -missionary. He was born in Scotland in 1813. His father and mother -were very poor, and when he was ten years old he was sent to work in a -cotton factory. He grew up to be a very extraordinary man, as you will -see, and he certainly was a very unusual boy. He saved up his wages, -and the first thing he bought was a Latin grammar, from which he used -to learn in the evenings after he left his work; and so interested was -he that he often went on till twelve o’clock at night, when his mother -took away the book and sent him to bed, for he had to be at the factory -at six every morning. When he grew up he became a missionary, and went -to Africa, where he made many discoveries, travelling into parts of the -country where no one had ever been before, and teaching the natives, -who were quite ignorant and wild, but who grew very fond of this “white -man who treated black men as his brothers”--for so one native chief -described him--and who cared for them, and doctored them when they were -ill, and gave up all his life to them. He had all sorts of adventures. -Once he lived for some time in a place which was full of lions, who -used to come and kill the cattle even in the day time. The people made -up their minds to try to kill one lion; for if one of a party of lions -is killed, the rest generally go away. Livingstone went out with them, -and they found the lions on a little hill covered with trees. Some of -the men fired, but did not hit any of them. Presently Livingstone “saw -one of the beasts sitting on a rock, behind a little bush”--these are -his own words--“about thirty yards off. I took a good aim at his body -through the bush, and fired at him. The men then called out, ‘He is -shot--he is shot!’ others cried out, ‘He has been shot by another man, -too; let us go to him.’ I did not see any one else shoot at him, but -I saw the lion’s tail erected in anger behind the bush, and, turning -to the people, said, ‘Stop a little till I fire again.’ When in the -act of ramming down the bullets I heard a shout. Starting and looking -half round, I saw the lion in the act of springing on me. I was upon -a little height. He caught my shoulder as he sprang, and we both came -to the ground together. Growling horribly close to my ear, he shook me -as a terrier dog does a rat.” It was wonderful that Livingstone did -not seem to feel any pain or fear; he said he seemed to be in a kind -of dream, but knew quite well all that was happening. Of course, in -another minute he would have been killed, had not some of the people -fired again at the lion and this time killed it. But Livingstone never -afterwards could use quite easily the arm which the lion had crushed. -During his travels he discovered Lake Nyassa, which you can find marked -now on every map of Africa. Before he went there all that part of the -country used to be marked “unexplored.” - -For more than thirty years Livingstone lived in Africa, always -travelling about, and finding new tribes of natives, all of whom he -got to know, and all of whom became fond of him; and at last, when he -died in a little hut which his black servants had built for him in the -middle of one of these great African forests, Susi and Chumah, two of -his followers, who had been with him for many years, came all the way -to England with the body of their dead master. On the day when he was -buried, the Abbey was crowded with people who came from all parts of -England and Scotland; and among all the white faces were seen two black -ones, for the faithful servants stood close by the grave; and Dean -Stanley, who read the service, said afterwards that he had never seen -two men seem more broken-hearted. On his tombstone you will read of one -more thing which he did for the natives whilst he lived among them; and -that was, to help to abolish the slave-trade in Central Africa. He was -sixty years old when he died, and he had worked all his life to raise -the lives of thousands of African savages into something better and -happier. - -Many other great men I have no time to tell you about, but there are -two more, of whom I particularly want you to hear a few words--Henry -Fawcett and Sir John Franklin. Henry Fawcett[16] was not a soldier, nor -a great traveller, but he was known for many years all over England -as the “Blind Postmaster-General.” He was not born blind, and why I -want to tell you about him is to show you what a brave man can do when -such a terrible misfortune as becoming blind happens to him. He was -born in 1833, and died in 1884, and for twenty-six years of his life -he was quite blind. He lost his sight in this way. He was out shooting -one day with his father, who fired at a bird without noticing that -his son was close by. Suddenly he saw that some of the shots, instead -of hitting the bird, had hit his son in the eyes. Henry Fawcett was -wearing spectacles, and a shot went through each of the glasses, making -a little round hole in them, and then going on into his eyes. From -that moment he never saw again. His first thought, he afterwards told -his sister, was that he should never again see the lovely view, and -the colours of the autumn leaves on the trees, as he had seen them a -moment before; his second thought was to try and do everything he could -to comfort his father, who must need comfort almost as much as he did -himself. So, at twenty-five years of age, Henry Fawcett, who had made -up his mind to work hard as a barrister--for he was very poor--and make -enough money to go into Parliament, which had been his great wish ever -since he was at school, suddenly found all his plans and all his hopes -upset. But his courage never gave way; he determined that his blindness -should not make him a helpless, disappointed man. “In ten minutes after -the accident,” he said some years later, “he had made up his mind that -he would stick to what he had meant to do.” And so he did. He had been -a great rider, a great skater, and a great fisherman, and all these -things he kept up. He skated with his friends, holding on to a stick by -which they guided him; he rode, he fished, he walked, behaving in all -things as though he were not blind. He was obliged to give up being a -barrister, but he became a professor at Cambridge. He wrote in papers -and magazines (of course some one had to do the actual writing for him, -but he dictated it), and at last, when he was thirty-two years old, -that is to say, seven years after the accident, he achieved his object, -and became member of Parliament (the Blind Member, he was sometimes -called) for Brighton. - -It would take too long to tell you of all the work he did for his -country after he was in Parliament, but he was always trying to -improve things; he was never idle, and at last, when he was made -Postmaster-General, he hardly ever had time for a holiday. He was a -favourite with every one, and, when he was ill, telegrams and letters -used to come from all parts of England to ask after him. He always -took a great interest in other blind people, and was fond of saying -to them, “Do what you can to act as though you were not blind; be of -good courage, and help yourselves.” And to his friends, and all who -had blind friends or relations, he was never tired of saying, “Do not -treat us as though you pitied us for our misfortune; the kindest thing -that can be done or said to a blind person is to help him as far as -possible to be of good cheer, to give him confidence that help will be -afforded him whenever necessary, that there is still good work for him -to do, and, the more active his career, the more useful his life to -others, the more happy his days to himself.” These are his own words. -They are brave words; but Henry Fawcett was, as you have seen, a brave -man, and fought and conquered all the great difficulties with which -his blindness surrounded him, with as much courage as Sir James Outram -showed when he fought his way into Lucknow, or David Livingstone when -he journeyed through the deserts and forests of Africa. And that is why -a memorial of him was put up in Westminster Abbey by the people of -England, who subscribed for it, so that the heroic life of the Blind -Postmaster-General should never be forgotten. - -Sir John Franklin[17] was a sailor and a great Arctic explorer, who -made many expeditions, and went nearer to the North Pole than any man -had ever been before. He and his companions endured every kind of -hardship in the ice and the snow of the Arctic regions. He died on his -third expedition, just two years after last leaving England, and was -buried in the far-away cold North amidst the snow under slabs of ice. -On the monument in Westminster Abbey, which was put up in his memory by -his wife, Lady Franklin, are written the words “O ye frost and cold, -O ye ice and snow, bless ye the Lord: praise Him, and magnify Him for -ever.” The story of the expedition is a very sad one, for, during the -winter after Sir John’s death, it became clear to the sailors that the -ships were so fast in the ice, which had closed in and frozen all -round them, that they would never be able to move again. So at last, -nearly all the provisions being exhausted, the men abandoned their -ships, and with boats and sledges, which they carried or dragged over -the ice, set out to walk southwards in the hope that they might at last -reach the unfrozen sea and meet a ship. But this they never did, for -they were starved and ill, and although another expedition had been -sent from England to look for them, it was too late to save them. The -only traces ever found of them were their skeletons, and the boats and -sledges, containing many books and papers which Sir John had written, -saying how far he had been, and what he had done on this voyage from -which he never returned. - -His epitaph, written by Lord Tennyson, is one of the most beautiful in -the Abbey-- - - “Not here! the white North has thy bones; and thou, - Heroic sailor-soul, - Art passing on thine happier voyage now - Toward no earthly pole.” - - - - -CHAPTER IV. - - -In Westminster Abbey are the graves of many poets--so many that one -part of the church (the south transept) is always known as Poets’ -Corner. - -Geoffrey Chaucer,[18] who wrote among other things a book called the -“Canterbury Tales,” and who died as long ago as 1400, was one of the -first English poets buried in Poets’ Corner; and the last was Alfred -Tennyson,[19] who died in 1892, and was buried close beside Chaucer, -just four hundred and ninety-two years afterwards. - -When I was telling you the story of the Indian Mutiny, I spoke of -a poem called “Lucknow,” which described in a wonderful way the -sufferings of the people who were shut up in the Residency during the -long siege. This poem and very many others were written by Alfred -Tennyson, the great poet, who was made by the Queen Poet Laureate of -England, and then, many years afterwards, Lord Tennyson, by which name -you will always hear him spoken of. - -There is a story told of how the first verses Alfred Tennyson ever made -were written. His father was a clergyman, and Alfred and his brothers -and sisters lived all their lives in the country, running wild in the -woods and the fields, and learning all about birds and flowers, until -they were old enough to go to school. One Sunday morning, when every -one but Alfred, who was then very small, was going to church, his elder -brother Charles said he would give him something to do, and told him -he must write some verses about the flowers in the garden. When they -came in, Alfred appeared with his slate covered all over with his -first poem. He was very fond of story-telling, and he and his brothers -and sisters would combine to make up long and exciting tales which -sometimes lasted for months. When he went to school he began to read a -great deal, especially poetry. If he found any he particularly liked, -he would try to imitate it in poems of his own, and in this way he and -his brother Charles, who was with him at school, used to spend a great -deal of their spare time. - -It would take too long, and it would not be interesting, to tell you -the names of even the chief poems which Lord Tennyson wrote. By-and-by -you will read many of them for yourselves, and two I am sure you -will specially enjoy. One is the “Siege of Lucknow,” which we have -so often spoken of; and the other is the “Revenge,” which is also a -story of fighting--but a sea-fight in the time of Queen Elizabeth. -Lord Tennyson, like most poets, was more fond of the country than of -towns, and most of his life he lived either in the Isle of Wight or in -Surrey. He used, until quite the end of his life, to enjoy taking long -country walks, and he never lost his love for flowers or birds, or -failed to notice them; and this in spite of having all his life been -very short-sighted. It was said of him that “when he was looking at any -object he seemed to be smelling it,” so closely used he to hold it to -his eyes. - -And yet, with this difficulty, he noticed “more than most men with -perfect sight would see. I remember his telling me,” so wrote a friend -of his, “_if you tread on daisies they turn up underfoot and get rosy_. -His hearing, on the other hand, was exceptionally keen, and he held it -as a sort of compensation for his blurred sight; he could hear _the -shriek of a bat_, which he always said was the test of a quick ear.” - -Lord Tennyson was eighty-three when he died, and when he was buried -in Westminster Abbey the great church was crowded, not only during -the funeral service, but for many days and even weeks afterwards, by -hundreds of people, who came to see, and lay flowers on, his grave. - -Although so many poets were buried in the Abbey, yet there were many -others who when they died were buried in the country, or in other -churches in London, and, when this was the case, monuments were often -put up in the Abbey in memory of them. For instance, Shakespeare,[20] -the greatest of all our great poets, was buried at Stratford-on-Avon, -where he had lived for the last part of his life, and where he died. - -There is not a very great deal known about his life. He was the son -of a country shopkeeper, who was very poor, but who managed to send -his son to the grammar school at Stratford-on-Avon, where they lived. -When he was fourteen he was taken away from school, and had to earn -his own living. It is sometimes said that he was first a butcher’s -boy, and had to carry out the meat, but no one knows exactly what he -did after he left school until he was about nineteen. Then he went -to London, and began to write poetry and plays. He had at this time -hardly any money, and was thankful to earn a penny whenever he could -by holding horses, or making himself useful in any way he could think -of, and was nicknamed by his friends “Jack-of-all-trades.” At last -he got employment as a writer of plays for the Globe Theatre. This -Globe Theatre was very different from the theatres of nowadays. It -was a round wooden building with no roof, except just over the stage, -and there it was covered in to protect the dresses of the actors and -actresses in case of bad weather. Gradually it became clear that -this William Shakespeare, who had come to London quite a poor and -unknown man, was a great poet, his plays began to be talked of, and -many great and rich men became his friends. In a few years he was no -longer poor, and had begun to save money to buy himself a house at -Stratford-on-Avon, where he had been born. To do this had always been -a dream of his: for a long time his wife and children had been living -there while he worked hard for them in London, and when at last he had -bought his house, which was called New Place, he left London and went -home to them. - -Many years passed away, and Shakespeare, who had written great plays -such as _Hamlet_ and _The Merchant of Venice_, which you will all know -and perhaps see acted some day, lived quietly in the little town of -Stratford-on-Avon, making friends of all the people round him, both -rich and poor, and seeing his own plays acted in a great empty barn -near his house, for in those days there was no theatre in Stratford. - -“Master Shakespeare,” as he was called, was buried in the churchyard -of the little town he had been so fond of all his life; and many years -afterwards, when his name had become known all over England, and his -plays and his poems had become famous as they had never been during -his lifetime, a monument was put up to his memory in Westminster Abbey -close by the graves of two other poets, Spenser and Drayton, who had -been his friends: on it are written these words out of his own play of -_The Tempest_-- - - “The Cloud-capt Towers, - The Gorgeous Palaces, - The Solemn Temples, - The Great Globe itself, - Yea, all which it inherit, - Shall dissolve; - And, like the baseless fabric of a vision, - Leave not a wreck behind.”[21] - -Among all the poets who are buried in the south transept, there is one -great musician, George Frederick Handel.[22] Dean Stanley says that -“Handel, who composed the music of the ‘Messiah’ and the ‘Israel in -Egypt,’ must have been a poet no less than a musician, and therefore he -was not unfitly buried in Poets’ Corner.” - -Handel was the son of a German doctor, and was born in a little German -town. As a boy he was very fond of music, but as his father meant him -to be a lawyer, he would not let him hear any for fear that he would -want to be a musician. Once,[23] when George was seven years old, his -father went to visit another son who lived at the court of the Duke of -Saxe-Weissenfels. The little boy, who had most likely heard his brother -speak of the court concerts, begged to go too, but of course he was -told that it was impossible. His father drove off, but still George -determined to go. He managed to slip out, and ran as long as he could -after the carriage. At last he was seen and taken in, and as there -was no time to bring him home, he went with his father to the court. -He soon made friends among the duke’s musicians, who let him try the -organ. One day after the service he was lifted on to the organ-stool, -and played so wonderfully that the duke, who was in church, asked who -it was. When he heard that it was the little seven-year-old Handel, he -sent for his father, and told him that his son would one day be such -a great musician that it would be quite wrong to make him a lawyer. So -from that day George was regularly taught music. When he was older he -came to England, and here he lived most of his life, and here he wrote -most of the music which is known almost all over the world. He used -to give concerts at the English court, to which the Prince of Wales, -the son of George II., and the princess, and many great people came. -Sometimes at these concerts ladies would talk instead of listening -to the music, and then Handel quite lost his temper. “His rage was -uncontrollable,” so we are told, “and sometimes carried him to the -length of swearing and calling names; whereupon the gentle princess -would say to the offenders, ‘Hush, hush! Handel is angry;’ and when -all was quiet the concert would go on again.” Handel, when he was old, -became quite blind, but he still played the organ up to the very end -of his life. He died on Good Friday, April 13, 1759, and was buried -in the Abbey, and on his monument are written the words, “I know that -my Redeemer liveth,” from the Book of Job, which he had set to most -beautiful music, and had asked to have written upon his tomb. - -I have only spoken to you of Geoffrey Chaucer and of Alfred Tennyson, -the first and the last poets who were buried in the Abbey; of -Shakespeare, the greatest of all English poets, and of George Frederick -Handel, the musician; but very many others are remembered in Poets’ -Corner. And when you some day walk round the Abbey you will see there -the graves or monuments of most of the great English writers. - -The north transept is full of the graves and monuments of statesmen. -A great many of them you must have heard of, and some of you perhaps -belong to the Primrose League, which was founded in 1881 in memory of -Benjamin Disraeli,[24] Lord Beaconsfield, whose monument is in the -Abbey. He was twice Prime Minister of England, and when he died the -Primrose League (the badge of which is a primrose, and which was chosen -because it was said to be his favourite flower) was started to band -people together to carry on the work and help on the political party -to which he had belonged. Then there are monuments to three members -of one family--the family of Canning--who were all great statesmen. -George Canning,[25] who was born as long ago as 1770, became known as -a wonderful orator. When he was quite a small boy at school he used to -say that he meant some day to be a member of Parliament, and at Eton he -helped to start a debating society which was modelled on the House of -Commons. Here his speeches soon became famous among the boys. He lived -to be not only a member of Parliament, but Prime Minister of England. -His youngest son Charles,[26] who was also a great man, became Earl -Canning and first Viceroy of India. - -“The third great Canning” was Stratford Canning[27] (a cousin of -Charles), who has been called “the greatest ambassador of our time,” -and who before he died was made Lord Stratford de Redcliffe, by which -name he is best known. Each of these three great men gave all his time -and all his strength to work for the good of his country. Two of them, -George Canning and his son, the Viceroy of India, are buried in one -grave here in the Abbey. Lord Stratford de Redcliffe, although his -statue stands side by side with the monuments to his uncle and cousin, -is buried in the little country churchyard of Frant, in Kent. - -Lord Stratford de Redcliffe was an old man of ninety-three when he -died. He had done so much, and known so many great and interesting -people, that the story of his life is a book you will all like to -read some day. One of the first things he remembered was how, when he -was a little boy at school, he had seen Lord Nelson. It was at Eton, -and Nelson, “with all his wounds and all his honours”--for so Lord -Stratford describes him--came down to see the boys, and asked that they -might have a whole holiday. More than eighty years afterwards, when -Lord Stratford de Redcliffe died, there was found in his room a little -picture of Lord Nelson, which he had kept ever since those far-off -school days. - -I remember Dean Stanley telling us that when Lord Stratford de -Redcliffe was a very old man he remembered quite clearly what he had -learnt and done when he was a little child at home. “Not long ago,” -the Dean said, “I was visiting this aged and famous statesman, and he -repeated to me, word for word, the Evening Hymn beginning ‘Glory to -Thee, my God, this night,’ as he had learnt it, he told me, from his -nurse ninety years before.” - -I must not end this chapter without telling you the names of three -more great statesmen. You will often hear the two Pitts and William -Wilberforce spoken of, and I should like to say a few words about all -three before beginning the stories of the kings and queens. - -William Pitt[28] was Prime Minister of England, and was made Lord -Chatham by King George III. He and his son, the younger William -Pitt,[29] are as well known to all Englishmen as George Canning and his -son Earl Canning, about whom I have told you. Lord Chatham was, like -George Canning, a great orator, and even when he was very old and very -ill, he would come down to the Houses of Parliament and make wonderful -speeches, which sometimes lasted as long as three hours and a half, -but which were so interesting that they were listened to in perfect -silence; “the stillness,” it is said, “was so deep that the dropping -of a handkerchief would have been heard.” When he died he was buried -in the Abbey; and in the same grave, twenty-eight years afterwards, -was buried his son William, the second Pitt, who was an even greater -statesman than his father. This William was, when quite a little boy, -astonishingly clever. “The fineness of William’s mind,” wrote his -mother, in the old-fashioned words of those times, “makes him enjoy -with the greatest pleasure what would be above the reach of any other -creature of his small age.” He was too delicate to be sent to school, -but he was made to work hard at home till he was old enough to be sent -to Cambridge. Although a very young man when he became a member of -Parliament, his first speech in the House was a great success. “It is -not a chip of the old block,” said some one who heard him--“it is the -old block himself;” meaning that this speech of young William Pitt -was as good as any his father had made. When he first became Prime -Minister he was only just twenty-four years old, and from that time -until he died (twenty-four years afterwards) he was one of the most -illustrious men in Europe. He and Wilberforce,[30] the last of the -statesmen about whom I must tell you, were both very much interested in -one thing--and this was the abolition of (or doing away with) slavery. -The name of Wilberforce will never be forgotten, for he it was who -first thought and said that slavery ought to be put an end to, all -over the world, wherever Englishmen were the rulers. Wilberforce and -William Pitt were once staying together in a country house not far -from London, and sitting together one day under an old tree in the -park, they began to talk about slavery, and to say how terrible a thing -it was that the lives of hundreds and thousands of men and women and -children were made full of misery by cruel masters who worked their -slaves far harder than they worked their horses or their oxen. “I well -remember,” wrote Mr. Wilberforce in his Diary, “after this conversation -with Mr. Pitt I resolved to give notice in the House of Commons of my -intention to bring forward the abolition of the slave-trade.” And -not long afterwards Wilberforce made a great speech in the House of -Commons about slavery, and in the end a law was passed to do away with -the slave-trade. Wherever the English flag was flying there should be -no slavery, and a slave who could once set foot on any land held by -Englishmen became a free man. - -When Pitt died Wilberforce was one of those who carried a banner in the -great funeral procession, when he was buried, as I have told you, in -the same grave with his father, the first Pitt. Many years afterwards -Wilberforce too “was buried there amongst his friends,” and in another -part of the Abbey there is a large statue of him, as an old and bent -man, sitting in an armchair. When you go round the Abbey you must look -for this monument, for it is said to be very like him during the last -part of his life. - -But we can spend no more time now in telling stories of statesmen, and -must in the next chapter go on to the kings and queens. - - - - -CHAPTER V. - - -We now come to the kings and queens who are buried in Westminster -Abbey, and this will be the last chapter of my book. - -You remember my telling you how Henry III. built a new shrine for -Edward the Confessor. Three years after this Chapel of Edward the -Confessor (as it is called) was finished, King Henry III.,[31] who had -reigned for fifty-six years, died, and was buried in the Abbey which -he had loved so long. His son Edward, who now became Edward I., was -just starting home from the Holy Land with his wife, Queen Eleanor, who -always went with him on all his journeys, when his father died, and he -brought with him from the East the marble for the tomb. - -I expect you will all remember having heard of this Queen Eleanor, the -wife of Edward I. She was so brave and so fond of him that she would go -with him when he went on his crusade to the Holy Land; and when people -told her that it was dangerous, and that she might be killed, and tried -to persuade her to stay at home, her only answer was, “The way to -heaven is as near from Palestine as from England.” - -She was not killed, or even hurt; but there is a story told of how, -while they were in the Holy Land, Edward was wounded by one of his -enemies, who stabbed him in the arm with a poisoned dagger. This would -certainly have killed him, if Eleanor had not at once sucked the poison -out of the wound, and so saved his life. - -Edward I.--Edward Longshanks, as he was called, for he was more than -six feet high--and Queen Eleanor were crowned King and Queen of England -in Westminster Abbey when they came back from the Holy Land. After the -coronation a great banquet was given, to which Edward and his brother -Edmund and all their nobles and attendants came--five hundred of -them, riding on five hundred magnificent horses. When they dismounted, -the horses were let loose in the crowd, and anybody who succeeded in -catching one was allowed to keep it. - -When, after having been Queen of England eighteen years, Eleanor[32] -died at Hardby, in Nottinghamshire, her body was brought to -Westminster, to be buried in the Abbey. From Nottinghamshire to London -was a long journey in those days, and it had to be done by stages. -Wherever the funeral procession stopped, Edward ordered a cross to be -put up in memory of the queen. They were called the “Eleanor Crosses,” -and there were altogether twelve of them. The last was in London, at -Charing Cross, which was the final halting-place before the procession -reached the Abbey. - -Edward I. was a great soldier, and gradually he “filled the Confessor’s -Chapel with trophies of war.” One of these trophies you must specially -notice when you go over the Abbey. At the west end of the Confessor’s -Chapel stand two chairs. One is a plain, very old-looking wooden chair, -much scratched and battered, and underneath it is a rough-looking bit -of stone. This old stone is called the “Stone of Scone,” and on it all -the Kings of Scotland had been crowned at Scone, which was the capital -of Scotland up to the time when Edward I. became King of England. -Edward I. and Alexander III., King of Scotland, were always at war; and -when the English at last conquered the Scotch, Edward took away this -ancient treasure, the “Stone of Scone,” and brought it to Westminster -Abbey, that our kings might be crowned upon it, as Kings of England and -Scotland. The wooden chair was made by his orders, and the stone put -underneath it, and there it has been ever since, for nearly six hundred -years. - -The other chair was made long afterwards for the coronation of William -III. and Mary. Between the two are the sword and shield of Edward -III., which he is said to have used in all his many wars against -France. The sword is seven feet long, and weighs eighteen pounds. - -Edward I.,[33] “the greatest of the Plantagenets,” was buried close by -Queen Eleanor, but his tomb is quite plain. There is no figure on it, -and no carving, as there is on the tombs of the other kings and queens. -Dean Stanley explained, when he showed us the Abbey as children, -that, for many years after Edward I. died, there was a kind of belief -that, although the king was dead, yet, if another war broke out with -Scotland, he would once again lead his army against the enemy, as he -had so often done before. And so from time to time they would come and -lift off the great marble slab which covered his tomb, and which was -easily moved, and look in to see if the king was still there. - -The first of our kings who was crowned on the “Stone of Scone” was -Edward I.’s son, Edward II. He was crowned in the Abbey, but was not -buried there. The next king who was buried there was Edward III.,[34] -whose sword and shield we saw just now. - -Richard II.,[35] the grandson of Edward III., is sometimes called the -“Westminster King,” because he was crowned and married and buried in -the Abbey. - -He was only eleven years old when he became King of England. For a -week before his coronation he had lived in the Tower of London, which -was the custom in those days for all kings and queens before they were -crowned. The procession from the Tower to the Abbey was one of the -most splendid that had ever been seen. But the service was very long, -and the sermon was longer, and before it was over the king was carried -out fainting. After this there was a great banquet, at which he had to -appear again, and then at last the long day was over. - -Five years later he was married in the Abbey to Queen Anne. After -reigning for twenty-five years, he was deposed by Henry of Lancaster, -and murdered at Pontefract Castle in Yorkshire by his enemies--for he -had made many during his life. He was buried in Hertfordshire. When -Henry V. came to the throne, he ordered that Richard’s body should be -brought to Westminster, and then at last it was laid in the same tomb -in which, many years before, his wife, Queen Anne, had been buried. -Henry V.[36] when he was a boy was so wild that he was called “Madcap -Harry.” But he was particularly fond of the Abbey, and although most -of his reign was spent in fighting with France, he did a great deal to -improve and decorate his great church, and when the English won the -battle of Agincourt (of which you may have heard or read), his first -thought was to order a Thanksgiving Service to be held at Westminster. -He had always said he wished to be buried in the Abbey; so, when he -died in France his body was brought to England. “The long procession -from Paris to Calais, and from Dover to London, was headed by the King -of Scots, James I.... As it approached London it was met by all the -clergy. The services were held first at St. Paul’s, and then at the -Abbey. No English king’s funeral had ever been so grand. His three -chargers were led up to the altar, behind the effigy (a wax model of -the king carried outside his coffin), which lay on a splendid car, -accompanied by torches and white-robed priests innumerable, ... and at -the extreme eastern end of the Confessor’s Chapel was deposited the -body of the most splendid king that England had to that time produced.” - -Above his tomb, on a bar which stretches across the steps leading out -of the chapel, are hung his helmet and saddle. The helmet is probably -the very one which he wore at the battle of Agincourt, and which twice -saved his life on that day; it is much dinted, and shows the marks of -many sword-cuts. - -Henry VI. was crowned king when he was only nine years old, and on the -day of his coronation it is said that he “sat on the platform in the -Abbey beholding all the people about sadly and wisely.” But as he was -so young the service was shortened and he had much less to endure than -the last boy-king, Richard II. - -There is a story told of how, toward the end of his reign, King Henry -VI. used to come and wander about in the Abbey between seven and eight -o’clock in the evening, when it was growing dusk. He generally came -quite alone, and only the abbot who carried a torch went with him round -the dark and silent church. One night he went into the Confessor’s -Chapel, where he spent more than an hour, wondering if room could be, -by-and-by, made for his own tomb. “It was suggested to him that the -tomb of Henry V. should be pushed a little on one side, and his own -placed beside it; but he replied, ‘Nay, let him alone; he lieth like -a noble prince; I would not trouble him.’ But close beside the shrine -of the Confessor there seemed to be room for another tomb. ‘Lend me -your staff,’ he said to Lord Cromwell, who was with him that evening; -‘is it not fitting I should have a place here, where my father and my -ancestors lie, near St. Edward?’ And then, pointing with a white staff -to the place indicated, he said, ‘Here, methinks, is a convenient -place;’ adding, ‘Forsooth, forsooth, here will we lie; here is a good -place for us.’” Three days afterwards the tomb was ordered to be made; -but it was never even begun, for Henry was deposed by Edward IV. and -died in the Tower, and from there his body was taken and buried in the -Abbey of Chertsey. - -Close by all these great kings and queens are several tombs of -children. Among them is a monument to a little deaf and dumb girl of -five years old, the Princess Catherine, daughter of Henry III. “Close -to her, as if to keep her company, are buried her two little brothers, -and four little nephews.” - -So far I have told you principally of kings who are buried in -Westminster Abbey, but now we come to the tombs of some of the Queens -of England. - -You remember that Henry VII. had built a great and magnificent chapel -which was called after him. The first queen buried there was his wife, -Queen Elizabeth, who was the mother of Henry VIII. - -She had had a life full of adventures. She was the daughter of Edward -IV., and sister of the two poor little princes who were murdered in the -Tower by their uncle Richard. - -Princess Elizabeth was born in Westminster, and christened in the -Abbey, but she lived afterwards in the country at the palace of Sheen. -When she was four years old, her father, Edward IV., was defeated in -battle, and King Henry VI. was made King of England in his stead. -The queen, the Princess Elizabeth, and her two baby sisters had to -leave Sheen and come back to Westminster, where they were hidden in a -place of safety while all these wars (the Wars of the Roses, as they -were called) were going on. After two years, however, her father was -victorious. Henry was deposed, and Edward IV. was once more King of -England. To celebrate the victory, a great ball was given at Windsor -Castle, and the little six-year-old princess, who was a special pet -of her father’s, came down and danced first with him, and then with -some of the great nobles. When she was nine years old, her father and -Louis XI., the King of France, decided that, as soon as she was grown -up, she should marry the Dauphin, his eldest son, who, if he lived, -would in time become the King of France. Then began a busy time for -the little princess who might one day be Queen of France. Besides all -her English lessons, she had to learn to speak and write French and -Spanish, and she was always called “Madame la Dauphine,” even while -she was a little girl in the schoolroom. At last she was old enough to -be married, but when the time for the wedding came, the King of France -said he had found another wife for his son. Edward IV., who had set -his heart on seeing his favourite daughter the Queen of France, was -so disappointed and angry that he became very ill, and died. Then it -was that Elizabeth’s little brother Edward became Edward V., and the -day was fixed for his coronation in the Abbey. A great banquet was -arranged, and all the guests were invited; but before the day came, the -little king and his younger brother, the Duke of York, were both killed -by the order of their uncle, Richard, Duke of Gloucester, who then made -himself King Richard III. of England. Now began a sad time for Princess -Elizabeth, who was first taken away from her mother and sisters, and -afterwards kept a prisoner in a lonely old castle in Yorkshire. - -Meanwhile, during the time she was shut up here, many things had been -going on about which she probably knew nothing. - -Richard III. was hated by every one, and two years after he had become -king, Henry, Earl of Richmond, one of the greatest nobles in England, -decided to try and depose him, and set free Princess Elizabeth. So -he got together an army and marched to Leicester, where the king was -then living. On the evening of a summer day the two armies camped at -a place called Bosworth Field, and there the next day a great battle, -the Battle of Bosworth, was fought, and Richard III. was killed. It is -said that the crown of England had, at the beginning of the battle, -been hidden in a hawthorn bush, and when afterwards it was found by a -soldier, the Earl of Richmond was at once crowned King Henry VII., and -all the soldiers who had been lying down, resting after the long fight, -stood up round him and sang the _Te Deum_. - -When Princess Elizabeth, in her far-away lonely castle, heard cries of -joy from the people who came crowding to the doors of her prison she -guessed that something had happened and that a better time might be -coming for her. And soon came a messenger from the king, who had been -sent straight from the field of battle, with orders to set the princess -free and bring her to London. - -The end of this story is really almost like the end of a fairy tale, -for her many troubles were now over, and the next year she married -Henry VII., and so became Queen of England. And when after many years -she died, she was buried--as I told you at the beginning of this -story--in the Chapel of Henry VII. in Westminster Abbey. Some years -later the king was buried beside her; and inside the bronze railings -surrounding the tomb (which stands behind the altar) you will see the -figures of Henry VII.[37] and his wife, Queen Elizabeth, lying side by -side. - -Three other queens who are buried here are known to all of you. Two -of them were sisters, Queen Mary[38] and Queen Elizabeth,[39] the -daughters of Henry VIII.; and the third was their cousin, another -Mary--Mary Queen of Scots,[40] who was beheaded by the order of Queen -Elizabeth, because she was afraid that Mary wanted to make herself -Queen of England in her stead. Queen Mary and Queen Elizabeth, though -they were sisters, had all their lives been enemies. They differed -about everything, but especially about their religion, for Mary had -been brought up a Roman Catholic, and Elizabeth and their little -brother Edward (who afterwards became Edward VI.) were Protestants. -Elizabeth and Edward were very fond of one another, and it is said that -Elizabeth used to spend a great deal of her time when she was quite a -little girl in doing needlework for her brother. On his second birthday -she gave him for a birthday present a little shirt which she had made -for him all herself, though she was then only six years old. - -Both these queens, when little girls, were made to do a great many -lessons, and were taught Latin and Greek with their brother, as well -as French and Italian and Spanish. Queen Mary was always very fond of -music, and there is a story told of how, when she was only three years -old, some friends of her father’s (King Henry VIII.) came down to see -her at Richmond, where she was then living. The little princess--for -this was a long time before she became queen--was not in the least shy: -she welcomed her visitors, and after talking to them “and entertaining -them with most goodly countenance”--for so one of the gentlemen who was -there wrote about her afterwards--she played to them on the virginal -(a kind of piano), after which strawberries and biscuits and wine were -brought in, and the baby princess had nothing more to do but enjoy -herself. These three children, Mary, Elizabeth, and Edward, became in -turn Queens and King of England. - -When Henry VIII. died, Edward, the youngest of the three, became King -Edward VI. But he had all his life been very delicate, and when he had -been king just six years, and was sixteen years old, he died, and then -Mary, his eldest sister, became queen. The reign of Queen Mary--Bloody -Mary she is sometimes called--was a terrible time in England, for, -as I told you, she was a Roman Catholic, and so determined was she -that all English men and women should be Roman Catholics too, that she -ordered those who were Protestants to change their religion and become -Catholics; and if they refused, they were burnt alive. Hundreds of -people were killed in this cruel way; and Queen Mary became at last -so much hated, that when she died, and the Princess Elizabeth became -queen, there was rejoicing almost all over England. For in spite of all -the queen had done to make England a Roman Catholic country, by far the -greater part of the people had remained Protestants, and now once again -had a Protestant queen to reign over them. - -Almost the last time a Catholic Mass (or service) was held in -Westminster Abbey was at the funeral of Queen Mary.[41] The procession, -led by the monks, who knew that this was most likely the last service -in which they would ever take part, came from St. James’s Palace, where -she died, down to Westminster, and at the great West Door of the Abbey -were waiting four bishops and the Abbot of Westminster in all the -magnificent robes which Catholic priests wear. - -The body of the queen was carried into Henry VII.’s chapel, and all -night the Abbey was dimly lighted by the hundred wax torches which were -held and kept alight by the soldiers of the Queen’s Guard. The next day -she was buried, and the Catholic Bishop of Winchester preached before -Elizabeth, who, although she hated the religion, did not refuse to -come to the funeral of her sister, as Queen Mary had done years before -on the death of their brother Edward, when, rather than come to a -Protestant service in the Abbey, she ordered a separate funeral mass to -be said before her in the Tower. - -A little more than a month after this, Queen Elizabeth was crowned in -the Abbey, and for the next forty-five years “good Queen Bess,” as -she is often called, reigned over England, and did much that was wise -and good. One thing she did, however, that was neither wise nor good, -and that one thing I spoke about when I told you that two Queen Marys -were buried here, one of whom was Mary Queen of Scots, the cousin of -Elizabeth. The story of Mary Queen of Scots is a long and very sad one. -You will some day read about her, if you have not already done so, and -when you hear how she was imprisoned in Fotheringay Castle, and at last -beheaded, you will perhaps feel that in some ways Elizabeth could be as -cruel as her sister Mary. - -These three queens are all buried in Henry VII.’s Chapel--Elizabeth -and Mary together in a white marble tomb, on the outside of which lies -the statue of Queen Elizabeth, and on which these words in Latin were -written by James I.: “Consorts both in throne and grave, here rest we -two sisters, Elizabeth and Mary, in hope of our resurrection.” And not -far from them lies Mary Queen of Scots. After she had been beheaded -at Fotheringay Castle her body was buried in Peterborough Cathedral, -and from there it was brought to Westminster by her son, James VI. of -Scotland, who was also James I. of England, “that the like honour,” so -he wrote, “might be done to his dearest mother” as had been done to -Queen Elizabeth and the other Queen Mary. - -We are now coming to the end of these stories, and I must only mention -in a very few words some of the other graves in this chapel of Henry -VII. - -Oliver Cromwell[42] who, after Charles I. had been beheaded, made -himself Protector of England, was buried here among the kings and -queens. It is said that his funeral was more magnificent than any -king’s had ever been, and that an immense sum of money was spent upon -it. Close by him was buried Elizabeth Claypole, his favourite daughter, -and many of his soldiers and followers. - -Three years afterwards his body was dug up and taken to Tyburn. There -his head was cut off, on the 30th of January, the anniversary of the -day Charles I. had been beheaded, after which his body was buried -under the gallows, instead of in Westminster Abbey. - -“Here are also buried,” says Dean Stanley, “some of our young princes -and princesses. There was that wonderfully gifted boy, Edward VI.”[43] -(of whom we have already spoken), “who was only sixteen when he died, -and who before that time had by his diligence and his honesty made -himself beloved and trusted by all about him. There is the good Prince -Henry, eldest son of James I., who when his foolish attendants provoked -him to swear because a butcher’s dog had killed a stag that he was -hunting, said, ‘Away with you! All the pleasure in the world is not -worth a profane oath.’ Then there was, again, that other Henry, Duke -of Gloucester, who sat on the knees of his father, Charles I., on the -day before his execution, and who when his father said to him, ‘They -will try to make you king instead of your elder brother,’ fired up like -a little man, and said, ‘I will be torn in pieces first!’ Then there -are two small tombs of the two infant daughters of James I. (one of -which is made in the shape of a cradle). And to these tombs of these -two little girls were brought, in after-days, by King Charles II., the -bones of the two young murdered princes (Edward V. and Richard, Duke of -York), which in his time were discovered at the foot of the staircase -in the Tower. Well might all these princes be mourned and have a place -in this Abbey, because many of them, though they died early, showed -of what stuff they were made, and that they would have been fit to be -kings and to be with kings.” - -As I copied down these words of Dean Stanley’s, I was once more -reminded of him, and once more I seemed to hear him telling the -children gathered round him in the Abbey some of these stories which I -have just been telling you. And as the last words in this book about -the Abbey are his words, so the last grave which I want to tell you of -is his, and when you some day go to the Abbey you must not forget to -see (also in Henry VII.’s Chapel) the place where, together in one -tomb, are buried Arthur Stanley,[44] Dean of Westminster, and his wife, -Lady Augusta. - -Dean Stanley knew more about Westminster Abbey than almost any other -man; and not only did he _know_ more, but by writing books and by -telling stories to his friends as he showed them over the great church, -he helped many other people, who but for him perhaps would not have -thought much about the Abbey at all to know something of the Church of -St. Peter on Thorney Isle. - -And it is because I hoped that what interested us as children many -years ago might interest others now, that I have tried to remember, and -collect, and write down these tales from Westminster Abbey in something -the same way as they were told to us by the Dean. - - -THE END. - - -FOOTNOTES: - -[1] “Memorials of Westminster Abbey.” - -[2] The Basilicas of St. John Lateran, St. Paul, St. Lorenzo, and St. -Clement. - -[3] The west door is hardly ever used now as an entrance for visitors, -and if we were really coming to the Abbey we should enter by another -door, called Solomon’s Porch, close by St. Margaret’s Church. But as -soon as we had got inside we should walk straight down to the great -west door, and imagine we had just come in that way. - -[4] Montalembert, “Monks of the West.” - -[5] No. 2 on plan. - -[6] Gordon was fifty-two when he was killed. - -[7] See Mr. Hake’s “Life of Gordon.” - -[8] No. 3 on plan. - -[9] No. 4 on plan. - -[10] No. 5 on plan. - -[11] No. 6 on plan. - -[12] No. 7 on plan. - -[13] Sir James Outram was born on the 29th of January, 1805, and Sir -Henry Havelock was born on the 5th of April, 1795; so at the time of -the siege of Lucknow Sir James was fifty-one, and Sir Henry sixty-two -years old. - -[14] See “Havelock,” by Archibald Forbes (“English Men of Action -Series”). - -[15] No. 8 on plan. - -[16] No. 9 on plan. - -[17] No. 10 on plan. - -[18] No. 11 on plan. - -[19] No. 12 on plan. - -[20] No. 13 on plan. - -[21] This is the actual inscription on the monument. The last line as -written by Shakespeare reads, “Leave not a rack behind.” - -[22] No. 14 on plan. - -[23] See Sir George Grove’s “Dictionary of Music.” - -[24] No. 15 on plan. - -[25] No. 16 on plan. - -[26] No. 17 on plan. - -[27] No. 18 on plan. - -[28] No. 19 on plan. - -[29] Also No. 19 on plan. - -[30] No. 20 on plan. - -[31] No. 21 on plan. - -[32] No. 22 on plan. - -[33] No. 23 on plan. - -[34] No. 24 on plan. - -[35] No. 25 on plan. - -[36] No. 26 on plan. - -[37] No. 27 on plan. - -[38] No. 28 on plan. - -[39] Also No. 28 on plan. - -[40] No. 29 on plan. - -[41] The last Catholic funeral service was held in the Abbey a few days -later, when by the order of Elizabeth a requiem mass was said for the -Emperor Charles V. - -[42] No. 30 on plan. - -[43] No. 31 on plan. - -[44] No. 32 on plan. - - - - -Transcriber’s note: - - On the Plan diagram (facing Pg 14), Geoffery Chaucer changed to - Geoffrey Chaucer. - -*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK TALES FROM WESTMINSTER -ABBEY *** - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will -be renamed. - -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the -United States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. 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