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diff --git a/old/65733-0.txt b/old/65733-0.txt deleted file mode 100644 index 5a3ac23..0000000 --- a/old/65733-0.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,2635 +0,0 @@ -The Project Gutenberg eBook of The Girl's Own Paper, Vol. VIII, No. -367, January 8, 1887, by Various - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and -most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms -of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you -will have to check the laws of the country where you are located before -using this eBook. - -Title: The Girl's Own Paper, Vol. VIII, No. 367, January 8, 1887 - -Author: Various - -Release Date: June 30, 2021 [eBook #65733] - -Language: English - -Produced by: Susan Skinner and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team - at https://www.pgdp.net - -*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE GIRL'S OWN PAPER, VOL. -VIII, NO. 367, JANUARY 8, 1887 *** - - - - - -[Illustration: THE GIRL’S OWN PAPER - -VOL. VIII.—NO. 367. JANUARY 8, 1887. PRICE ONE PENNY.] - - - - -MERLE’S CRUSADE. - -BY ROSA NOUCHETTE CAREY, Author of “Aunt Diana,” “For Lilias,” etc. - - -[Illustration: “IN A MOMENT THERE WAS A FLUTTERING OF WINGS IN THE -AIR.”] - -_All rights reserved._] - - -CHAPTER XIII. - -THE LITTLE WORKERS IN BROWN. - -How delicious it is when one is young to wake up in a fresh place on a -summer’s morning. It was my belief that the birds woke me, there was -such a twittering under the eaves where the house-martins had built -their nests, such a warbling of thrushes breakfasting on the dewy lawn, -such a cawing of rooks under the elm trees; such a joyous bird-symphony -altogether, while I lay in my old-fashioned blue bed, looking round -the quaint old room and trying to decipher the meaning of the curious -prints in their black frames. When I was tired of this I rose and went -to the window. The kitchen garden, with its row of beehives, was just -under the window, and beyond were Cherrytree-lane and Squire Hawtry’s -cornfield, and then a vague blue line, and a brown sail shimmering in -the sunlight. The sweet peacefulness of the scene seemed to sink into -my heart, and I could have sung my _Te Deum_ with the birds. - -When the children were dressed and we had finished our early breakfast, -I went to the window with Reggie while Hannah was clearing the table. -Joyce had already climbed up on the window seat; she was wild to go -into the garden and see auntie’s pets, and I thought it would be no -harm to humour her fancy and defer our walk to the shore. - -As we stood there Miss Cheriton came out on the terrace. She wore a -broad brimmed hat, and long gardening gloves, and carried a basket. She -gave a low, peculiar call, and in a moment there was a fluttering of -wings in the air, and a crowd of pigeons came round her feet to pick up -the grain she had scattered; the pheasants and peacocks joined them. - -I thought what a pretty picture it would have made; the old red brick -house with its ivy-covered gables in the background; the terrace with -its sundial and antique vases; the girl in her white gown with her -beautiful pets round her, her favourite blue pigeons eating out of her -hand. - -“Oh, auntie, may we come?” pleaded Joyce; and Miss Cheriton looked up -at us and smiled and nodded, and Joyce snatched her sun-bonnet and in a -few minutes we had joined her on the terrace. - -She greeted us with evident pleasure, and playfully held up her finger -to silence Joyce. - -“Don’t make a noise, my pet, or Rolf will hear you and want to come -out; he is having his breakfast with Aunt Adelaide; and he is so rough -and tiresome that I do not care to have him with me just now; you shall -go with me into the poultry yard and feed the little yellow chicks -yourself.” - -Joyce was highly delighted at this prospect, and trotted along in her -big white sun-bonnet, chattering as fast as her tongue would go. When -we arrived at the poultry yard, Miss Cheriton filled her pinafore with -grain and showed her where to throw it, and then picked up one of the -downy yellow chicks for Reggie to kiss and hug; but he was so unwilling -to part with it that we had some trouble to rescue the warm struggling -thing; only the speckled hen was in such a fuss, clacking loudly in -the midst of her brood. When we had exhausted the grain and had fed -some grey rabbits, and had peeped in at the stables, and had bestowed a -passing attention on the big St. Bernard in his kennel—Miss Cheriton’s -chief favourite next to her brown mare, Bonnie—we sat down on a bench -in the orchard, at some little distance from the beehives, while the -children gathered daisies and buttercups. - -“I am so fond of this old orchard,” observed Miss Cheriton, as she -threw down her empty basket and removed her gloves, showing a pair of -small brown hands that looked very strong and capable; “when I have -nothing else to do, I and my pets come here and enjoy the quiet. Do you -know, the peacocks and pheasants will follow me all over the place as -closely as a dog? They don’t mind Lion a bit; and he is as gentle as a -lamb. On Sunday afternoon I have all the creatures round me. Adelaide -declares I waste my time dreadfully with the beasties.” - -“They must give you plenty of occupation, Miss Cheriton,” for I have -come to the conclusion that this girl was far from idle. The care of -that extensive poultry-yard could be no sinecure’s office, besides -which the beehives were her exclusive charge, though I heard afterwards -the gardener’s son, Jim, was her under helper. All the live things -about the place looked to her for food and comfort. She had a cage full -of canaries in the conservatory, and a large grey parrot as well. - -“Oh, I am always with my pets and flowers until luncheon-time,” she -remarked, carelessly; “Jim is a very handy boy, and helps me with the -rough work. I was up at six this morning, and we had moved half the -pots in the conservatory before breakfast. I am always up early, except -in the winter; the world is not half awake at that time of the year, -and certainly not well lighted.” - -“Those beehives must be a very profitable investment,” I observed, for -I had heard before now that people had added largely to their incomes -by keeping bees. - -“You would be surprised how much I make by my hives,” she returned. -“I have only a limited interest in the poultry yard, and have to find -chickens and eggs for the household, but the beehives are my own. I -succeeded so well with them last year, and I believe I shall do just as -well this autumn. I am very proud of my bees.” - -“It would not be a bad plan——” I began, and then I stopped, for I had -spoken hastily, and how could I know if my words would be well received? - -“Well,” she said, with a pretty air of impatience, “why do you stop? -You have got something dreadfully sensible in your head, and I should -like to hear it.” - -“I am rather too quick with my words,” I answered, somewhat hesitating. -“I was only thinking of what you said last night; you were condemning -yourself very needlessly, as I think, and comparing your means of -usefulness with Mrs. Morton’s.” - -“With Violet’s many-sided duties. Well, I do not retract my words. I -said I was always amusing myself; so I am; my bees are my playthings.” - -“You could make them work for you if you chose,” I returned, quickly; -“if one of these hives, for example, were devoted to some good -purpose, if the money you got for the honey were given to one of those -institutions in which your sister takes such interest.” - -“Oh, what a nice idea,” she exclaimed, with a bright look. “I wonder -what put that into your head. I was rather uncomfortable having all -that money to spend on myself; I thought of giving some to Adelaide for -Rolf, only I cannot get up an interest in that boy. I have more than I -want, for one does not need so many dresses in the country, and nothing -will induce me to go through a London season again. I tried it once,” -with a merry laugh, “just to please Violet, but it nearly killed me, -so I wrote to father to take me away. I should have liked the balls -very well, only I got so dreadfully sleepy before they were over, and -the rides in the Row were nice, if only they would have let me gallop, -but I was nearly taken up for furious riding once when I could not get -Bonnie to stop, and after that Alick lectured me, and I got sick of it.” - -“You would not like your sister’s life, then?” - -Gay shrugged her shoulders with a gesture of disgust. - -“It is not life at all; it is a daily round of harassing duties. Look -what it has done for Violet—robbed her of spirits and bloom; she will -be an old woman before her time. The fun is very well, but there is too -much of it. I pined for fresh air, for the garden, and the bees, and -my other pets. I am afraid my partners thought me dreadfully rustic; I -seemed to amuse them. I do not care for the young men in ball-rooms, -they are so vapid, and, for all their politeness, they seemed to be -laughing at one.” - -I could not help smiling at this; it was very odd she should be so -frank with me. She must have forgotten that I had no experience of -ball-rooms, and had never danced except at school-parties, when the -girls were allowed to bring their brothers. - -“You are looking satirical, Miss Fenton. Oh, of course, I see what you -mean; but never mind, there are better things than balls in life. For -my part, I prefer a solitary gallop on Bonnie to Strauss’s best waltz, -though I do love dancing too, but, you see, neither Violet nor I have -been trained to a fashionable life. We have lived in the country, have -risen early, and been in the open air from morning to night, and now -poor Violet never goes to bed in time to get a beauty sleep, and she -drives instead of taking a good walk, so no wonder her cheeks get pale -and thin.” - -“It is a grievous pity,” I began, but Gay interrupted me. - -“Oh, it is no use talking about Violet, I have given her up long ago; -Alick has robbed me of her entirely. Now about your benevolent project; -I mean to carry it out. Do you know the Children’s Incurable Hospital, -Maida Vale? Violet is always working for that. There is to be a ‘Muriel -Cot,’ in memory of the dear little baby she lost. Now why should I not -have a ‘Children’s Hive,’ and make those special bees gather honey for -those little incurable children. I call that a lovely idea. Look, that -end hive under the apple tree shall be the one. Miss Fenton, you have -emancipated me; I feel a philanthropist already; the world will be the -better for me and my workers.” - -I looked at her admiringly; such a lovely colour had come to her face, -and her eyes looked so bright and happy. I felt I understood Gay -Cheriton from that moment. She was one of those guileless, innocent -natures that are long in throwing off childhood. She was full of -generous impulses, frank and outspoken to a fault; the yoke of life -pressed lightly on her; she was like an unbridled colt, that had never -felt the curb or the spur; gentle guidance, a word from those she -loved, was sufficient to restrain her. I knew now why Joyce had called -her the little auntie; there was an air of extreme youth about her; she -was so very lovable that diminutiveness suited her, and I thought her -father’s pet name of humming bird suited her exactly; she was so quick -and bright and restless, her vitality and energy demanded constant -movement. - -“How I am chattering!” she said at last, “and I have all the vases -to fill before luncheon, but, as I told you last night, I am fond of -talking if I can get anyone to listen to me. Adelaide never will listen -to me patiently; she says I am such a chatterbox. Goodbye for the -present, Miss Fenton.” And she tripped away, singing in such a fresh -young voice as she went down the orchard that I did not wonder when a -little brown linnet perched on a rose-bush answered her. I think the -birds must have loved to hear her. - -I sat for some time contemplating the low white gate and the row of -beehives. I was rather pleased with the idea I had started; a word in -season sometimes brings a rich harvest. I thought some time of the tiny -workers in their brown livery bringing in their rich stores for the -afflicted children; and it seemed to me that the offering would be a -sweet savour to the Master who loved children. - -I fell into a reverie over it; I thought how much might be done for -others with little cost if people would only think; it is want of -thought that clogs usefulness. Great sacrifices are so seldom demanded -from us; we are not now called upon to forsake all that we hold dear -and follow the Christ—little daily duties, small hourly renunciations, -pleasures given up for some cheerful loving service: these are the -free-will offerings that all may yield, only the people must “give -willingly.” - -The morning passed pleasantly in the sunny orchard; when the children -tired of their play we went back to the house that they might have -their noonday sleep. I was sitting alone in the nursery, mending -Reggie’s pinafore, when I heard the clatter of noisy footsteps in the -corridor, and a moment after the nursery latch was lifted without -ceremony, and Rolf peeped in. He had a droll, half-ashamed expression -on his face, but it bore no trace of yesterday’s ill-humour. - -“May I come in, if you please, Mrs. New Nurse?” - -“My name is Miss Fenton, as I told you yesterday; or, you may call me -Nurse if you choose. Yes; you may come in and talk to me if you like, -Master Rolf; but you must be very quiet, as your little cousins are -asleep.” - -“What precious babies they must be to sleep in the day!” he observed, -disdainfully, as he planted himself without ceremony on the window -seat. “I sit up until ten o’clock every night; sometimes I will not go -to bed until mother goes.” - - “‘Early to bed and early to rise, - Makes a man healthy, wealthy, and wise,’ - -Master Rolf.” - -“Wealthy means rich, doesn’t it? Well, Juddy said I shall be a rich man -some day. I have got father’s watch and sword now, only mother locks -them up until I am bigger. You are not rich, eh, Miss Fenton?” peeping -into my face rather maliciously. - -“No, Master Rolf,” I returned, quietly. - -“Oh, I knew that you are only a nurse; I heard mother and Aunt Gay -talking about you last night. Mother said you were a poor sort, and -she wondered at Violet’s infatuation. She thought you stuck up and -disagreeable, and not much to look at; a plain young woman, and very -disrespectful. There, now!” - -“Master Rolf,” I observed, calmly, and suppressing my inward wrath, -“you call yourself a gentleman, but I assure you a savage shows more -gentlemanly feeling than you. Don’t you know your mother’s words should -be sacred, and you are bound in honour not to repeat them?” And then, -as he seemed rather impressed at this, I told him how, even among -savages and wild and uncultured nations, the sense of hospitality and -gratitude was so strong that, when a man had partaken of bread and -salt, broken the bread of fellowship, he was bound in honour not to -betray or injure his host in any way; and I related to him an anecdote -of an Armenian servant, who had long been faithful to his master, and -had defended him in many dangers in his travels through a lawless -country. - -“The master,” I continued, “had vast treasures under his care, and he -was greatly troubled when his servant said he must leave him. Judge -what his feelings must have been when the man coolly told him that -he had entered into a league with some banditti to rob him of his -money; that it would be mean to remain in his service under these -circumstances, and that he had given him warning of his intention, that -he might defend himself, and that now they were equal. - -“Even this lawless robber had some notions of honour, Master Rolf; -while he ate his master’s bread and salt he was bound by his service -not to injure him. Now you are only a little boy, but you ought to -understand that you also are bound not to betray your mother or repeat -her words, as long as you eat her bread and salt; that is the way -people do so much mischief in the world, repeating things they know are -not meant to be heard.” - -Rolf’s eyes sparkled. - -“I like that story awfully. Yes,” and looking at me critically, “I like -you too, though you are a plain young woman. No, I did not mean to say -that,” interrupting himself in a hurry; “bread and salt, you know; I -shall always think of that when I am going to tell Juddy things that -mother says. She is an old stupid, you know, and she never has time to -make a tail to my kite, and mother says she has no patience with her, -she is such an——Oh, oh, Miss Fenton, bread and salt! How ever shall I -remember when I want to put Juddy in a rage?” - -“I daresay I shall be able to help you with your kite,” I returned, -changing the subject, “but we shall want plenty of string and paper.” - -“Oh, you nice old thing,” replied Rolf, ecstatically. “You are not a -bit plain, not a bit; I shall tell mother I think you lovely, and that -I mean to marry you when I grow up. Won’t she stare at that? May I -bring my kite here this afternoon?” - -“No, no, my dear, not this afternoon; we are going to the shore.” - -“Oh, then I will come with you. Mother,” as Mrs. Markham appeared at -the door, and looked at us with unfeigned surprise, “I can’t drive with -you this afternoon; I am going on the beach with Miss Fenton and the -children.” - -(_To be continued._) - -[Illustration] - - - - -THE HISTORY OF HOME - -OR - -DOMESTIC WAYS SINCE THE TIMES OF HENRY VIII. - -BY NANETTE MASON. - - -PART I. - -THE REIGNS OF HENRY VIII., EDWARD VI., AND MARY I. - -In the following articles we propose to treat of home life in bygone -days. - -That being the case, our net will be spread wide enough to catch a very -miscellaneous collection of facts. Nothing will come amiss to us that -in any way illustrates the domestic existence of our ancestors, and -every reader, whatever her turn of mind, will be sure to find something -worth taking note of. - -It will be a different sort of narrative from the history of great men, -or a tale of battles, sieges, and such-like imposing circumstances. -We shall speak of houses and furniture, food and clothing, etiquette -and good manners, wages and prices, education and superstition, -household industries and household amusements, old recipes and domestic -medicines, the ways of the poor and the ways of the rich. We shall make -as much of needles and pins as ordinary history-books do of swords and -guns, and a girl singing an old song will have more attention than they -give to an ambassador negotiating a foreign treaty. - -The worst of it is that the subject is long, whilst our space is of -necessity short. We shall try, however, to change that disadvantage -into an advantage, by giving only those facts that appear most -interesting. There is a pleasure, too, when reading about a subject, -to know that the half has not been told, and that to all who care to -pursue it on their own account a rich harvest remains yet unreaped. - -We are not going to begin with the time “when wild in woods the noble -savage ran,” and homes were in caves and under the shade of green -trees; our starting-point is to be the reign of Henry VIII., and our -first article will embrace that reign and the reigns of Edward VI. and -Queen Mary—in other words, from 1509 to 1558. - -In those far-back days many things were different from what they -are now. There has been a great advance in material comfort. Our -forefathers, no doubt, had just as much wit and wisdom as we have; -but we can boast an advantage over them in possessing more of the -conveniences of life. In that respect, at least, we are lucky to have -been born so late. - -Let us not imagine, however, that they had a bad time of it, or -were discontented or miserable because they had not everything just -like us. People do not sigh after what they have never either seen -or heard of. We really find happiness in our affections—not in our -material surroundings, which are of secondary importance; and it is not -unreasonable to conclude that, as human nature is always the same, -these ancestors of ours enjoyed life in their way quite as much as we -do. - -We start with the subject of houses and furniture. When Henry VIII. -began to reign, well-to-do people in towns lived, as a rule, in houses -built principally of timber, the fronts being often ornamented with -rich carvings of fanciful and grotesque objects. The upper storeys -projected; so much so, indeed, that in a street people in the attics on -either side could almost shake hands. There was a reason for building -in this way. As the houses were of perishable material, each storey -gave protection from the weather to the storey beneath it. - -Such a quantity of timber being used, there was a great danger of fire, -and the warning of the bellmen who proclaimed the hours of the night -in London was certainly needed, when, to their instructions to “be -charitable to the poor, and pray for the dead,” they added, “Take care -of your fire and candle.” - -The labouring people in the country lived in houses constructed of the -first things that came to hand—often nothing but wattle and mud or -clay. When the mud or clay cracked, under the influence of summer’s -heat or winter’s frost, it was a simple matter with the same material -to “stop a hole to keep the wind away.” Ventilation was very defective, -and Erasmus attributes the frequent sicknesses with which England -was then visited in a great measure to the want of fresh air in the -dwelling-houses. - -The ideas that regulated the furnishing and decoration of the houses -of the upper classes form a marked contrast to those prevailing -nowadays. The furniture was more massive, and there was less of it. The -bedchamber of Henry VIII. contained only a couple of joint cupboards, a -joint stool, two hand-irons, a fire-fork, a pair of tongs, a fire-pan, -and a steel mirror covered with yellow velvet. - -Carpets came into use before the reign of Henry VIII. was far advanced, -though in the reign of Queen Mary rushes still strewed the floor of the -presence-chamber. Feather beds were used in Henry VIII.’s reign by the -upper classes. When they went travelling, they were no longer content -with the floor or a hard bench at halting-places, but generally carried -portable beds (packed in leather cases) with them on horseback. In the -lower ranks of life straw pallets, or rough mats with a round log for a -pillow, formed the ordinary provision for sleeping. - -Ladies’ dresses amongst the nobility in Henry VIII.’s reign had a -certain formality, but in many points were elegant and becoming. Early -in the sixteenth century they were made low and cut square about the -neck: the sleeves were tight at the shoulder, but suddenly became very -large and open, showing the puffed sleeves of the under-dress. The -long skirts were worn open in front to the waist, showing the kirtle -or petticoat. Sometimes, however, dresses were worn high, with short -waists and a small falling collar. - -At a little later date the sleeves of dresses were puffed at the -shoulders, and when the dress was made open above the girdle, what -was called a “partlet”—a kind of habit-shirt—was worn beneath it, and -carried up to the throat. - -Sleeves were one of the strong points of the ladies of those times. -They were independent articles of clothing, and were attached at -pleasure to the rest of the costume. “Much splendour,” says Mr. J. -R. Planché, “was lavished on this part of the dress, and its various -fashions were singularly quaint and elegant.” Amongst the inventories -of Henry VIII.’s reign we find “three pair of purple satin sleeves for -women; one pair of linen sleeves, paned with gold over the arm, quilted -with black silk, and wrought with flowers between the panes and at the -hands; one pair of sleeves of purple gold tissue damask wire, each -sleeve tied with aglets of gold; one pair of crimson satin sleeves, -four buttons of gold being set on each sleeve, and in every button nine -pearls.” - -Necklaces and other ornaments of jewellery were much worn. No dress was -complete without a girdle, and from the girdle was suspended by means -of chains such articles as tablets, knives and purses. Sometimes, in -place of the chains, the girdles themselves had a long pendant, which -was elaborately decorated. - -We get a glimpse of the style of dress amongst commoner folk, in the -history of a famous clothier known as “Jack of Newbury.” When Jack -was married, the bride, in her wedding costume, must have cut quite -a picturesque figure. “The bride,” we read, “being dressed in a gown -of sheep’s russet and a kirtle of fine worsted, her head attired in -a _billiment_ (habiliment) of gold, and her hair, as yellow as gold, -hanging down behind her, which was curiously combed and plaited, -according to the manner of those days, was led to church by two boys -with bride laces, and rosemary tied about their silken sleeves.” - -Mrs. Jack became a widow, and after she had laid aside her weeds she is -described as coming one day out of the kitchen “in a fair train gown -stuck full of silver pins, having a white cap on her head, with cuts of -curious needlework under the same, and an apron before her as white as -driven snow.” - -The ordinary costume for men of the upper ranks in the time of Henry -VIII. was a full-skirted jacket or doublet, with large sleeves to the -wrists, over which was hung a short cloak or coat, with loose hanging -sleeves and a broad, rolling collar of fur. To these articles of dress -was added a brimmed cap, jewelled and bordered with ostrich feathers; -stockings and square-toed shoes. - -A sumptuary law was passed in 1533, limiting the use of certain -expensive stuffs and valuable personal ornaments to certain classes. -Common people and serving men, for example, were confined to the use of -cloth of a fixed price, and lamb’s fur only, and they were forbidden -to wear any ornaments or even buttons of gold, silver, or gilt work, -excepting the badge of their lord or master. - -The apprentices of London wore blue cloaks in summer, and in winter -gowns of the same colour. Blue cloaks or gowns were a mark of servitude. - -Fourteen years before the beginning of Henry VIII.’s reign wages were -settled by Act of Parliament. A free mason, master carpenter, rough -mason, bricklayer, master tiler, plumber, glazier, carver or joiner, -was allowed from Easter to Michaelmas to take 6d. a day, without meat -or drink. Suppose he had meat and drink, he could only charge 4d. A -master having under him six men was allowed a penny a day extra. From -Michaelmas to Easter a penny a day was taken off these prices. Wages, -however, gradually rose all through the sixteenth century. - -In 1511, in the household of the Earl of Northumberland, the principal -priest of the chapel had £5 a year; a chaplain graduate £3 6s. 8d.; a -chaplain not a graduate, £2; a minstrel, £4; a serving boy, 13s. 4d. -These payments were over and above food and lodging. - -When wages and salaries were so low, compared with those of our own -day, we must expect to find a corresponding difference in prices. In -1541 a hundred eggs sold for 1s. 2d., a dozen pigeons cost 10d., a good -fat goose cost 8d., and you could buy a fat sheep for from 2s. 4d. to -4s., and an ox for about £2. In 1533 an Act was passed by which the -price of beef and pork was fixed at ½d. a pound, and veal at ¾d. - -Of the state of learning, in the houses at any rate of the upper -classes, much is to be said that reflects credit on our ancestors. -The royal court of Henry VIII., whatever might be its faults, did not -neglect study. In the case of Prince Edward, afterwards Edward VI., -devotion to his books no doubt had an injurious effect on his health, -and there is no saying what might have been the result to England had -he had less learning and more exercise. Bishop Burnet tells us that he -was so forward in his education that “before he was eight years old -he wrote Latin letters to his father, who was a prince of that stern -severity that one can hardly think that those about his son durst cheat -him by making letters for him.” - -Mary had a good knowledge of classic authors, and wrote good Latin -letters. Elizabeth began every day with an hour’s reading in the Greek -Testament, the tragedies of Sophocles, and the orations of Isocrates -and Demosthenes. She also was a good Latin scholar, spoke French and -Italian as fluently as English, had a smattering of Dutch and German, -and was a devourer of works on history. - -These two princesses were the highest in station of the accomplished -women of the time, but there were many who equalled, and some -who surpassed, them in learning. The most remarkable of all for -accomplishments was certainly Lady Jane Grey, afterwards the -unfortunate queen of a ten-days’ reign. Lady Jane took so kindly to -study that she became the marvel of the age for her acquirements. She -excelled in needlework and in music, and, aided by her tutor, Dr. -Elmer, or Aylmer, afterwards Bishop of London, had thoroughly mastered -Latin, Greek, French, and Italian, and knew something of at least three -Oriental tongues—Hebrew, Chaldee, and Arabic. - -One of the most interesting passages—and a touching one it is, too—in -the writings of Roger Ascham is that in “The Schoolmaster,” in which -he describes a visit he paid to the home of Lady Jane’s parents in -Leicestershire in 1550. She was then little over thirteen years old. -It gives us a glimpse of the girl-life of the period in a high rank of -society, and deserves to be quoted in full. - -“Before I went into Germany,” says Ascham, “I came to Broadgate, in -Leicestershire, to take my leave of that noble Lady Jane Grey, to whom -I was exceeding much beholden. Her parents, the Duke and Duchess, with -all the household, gentlemen and gentlewomen, were hunting in the park. -I found her in her chamber, reading Phædon Platonis, in Greek, and -that with as much delight as some gentlemen would read a merry tale in -Boccaccio. - -“After salutation and duty done with some other talk, I asked her why -she would leave such pastime in the park? - -“Smiling, she answered me, ‘I wis all their sport in the park is but a -shadow to that pleasure that I find in Plato. Alas, good folk! they -never felt what true pleasure meant.’ - -“‘And how came you, madam,’ quoth I, ‘to this deep knowledge of -pleasure, and what did chiefly allure you unto it, seeing not many -women but very few men have attained thereunto?’ - -“‘I will tell you,’ quoth she, ‘and tell you a truth which perchance -you will marvel at. One of the greatest benefits that God ever gave -me is that He sent me so sharp and severe parents, and so gentle a -schoolmaster. For when I am in presence either of father or mother, -whether I speak, keep silence, sit, stand or go, eat, drink, be merry -or sad, be sewing, playing, dancing, or doing anything else, I must do -it as it were in such weight, measure, and number—even so perfectly -as God made the world—or else I am so sharply taunted, so cruelly -threatened, yea, presently, sometimes, with pinches, nips, and bobs, -and other ways which I will not name for the honour I bear them; so -without measure misordered that I think myself in hell, till time come -that I must go to Mr. Elmer, who teacheth me so gently, so pleasantly, -with such fair allurements to learning, that I think all the time -nothing whiles I am with him. And when I am called from him I fall on -weeping, because whatsoever I do else but learning is full of grief, -trouble, fear, and whole misliking unto me. And thus my book hath been -so much my pleasure, and bringeth daily to me more pleasure and more, -that in respect of it all other pleasures in very deed be but trifles -and troubles unto me.’ - -“I remember this talk gladly,” Ascham adds, “both because it is so -worthy of memory, and because, also, it was the last talk that ever I -had and the last time that ever I saw that noble and worthy lady.” - -However learning might flourish in the upper circles of society, it -seems to have languished in the schools and among the people. But -efforts were made in the direction of popular education, and more -grammar schools it is said were founded in the latter part of Henry -VIII.’s reign than in the three hundred years preceding. - -Music was practised by all classes. Erasmus, who saw much of England in -the beginning of the sixteenth century, speaks of the English as the -most accomplished in the skill of music of any people. “It is certain,” -says Mr. Chappell, “that the beginning of the sixteenth century -produced in England a race of musicians equal to the best in foreign -countries, and in point of secular music decidedly in advance of them.” - -Henry VIII. was a great patron of music, and, more than that, he was -himself a composer and performer. He played well on both the virginals -and the lute, and could sing at sight. But to sing at sight was a -common accomplishment amongst gentlemen; so common, indeed, that -inability to do so was looked on as a serious drawback to success in -life. Homes were rendered cheerful by the singing of madrigals and -other part music. The first collection of songs in parts that was -printed in England belongs to the year 1530. - -Besides music, many other recreations were indulged in. These were -the days of archery, casting of the bar, wrestling, and such martial -sports as fighting with swords and battle-axes. For rural pastimes -there were hunting and hawking—and in these the ladies were often as -enthusiastic as the gentlemen. Card-playing was highly popular, and in -the reign of Henry VIII. a prohibitory statute was found necessary to -prevent apprentices from using cards, except in the Christmas holidays, -and then only in their masters’ houses. The same statute forbade any -householder to permit card-playing in his house, under the penalty of -six shillings and eightpence for every offence. - -May Day was a general holiday, and Maypoles were set up in every town -and village. The observance of May Day differed no doubt in minor -particulars in different places, but in general it consisted in people -of all ranks going out early in the morning into the “sweet meadows -and green woods,” where they broke down branches from the trees, and -adorned them with nosegays and crowns of flowers. “This done, they -returned homewards with their booty, and made their doors and windows -triumph in the flowery spoil.” The Maypole was set up, and the rest -of the day was spent in dancing round it, and in sports of different -kinds. When evening came, bonfires were lighted in the streets. Even -the reigning sovereign joined in these amusements. On May Day, 1515, -Henry VIII. and Queen Katherine, his wife, rode a-Maying from Greenwich -to the high ground of Shooter’s-hill, accompanied by many lords and -ladies. - -There was a famous London Maypole in Cornhill before the parish church -of St. Andrew, which thus got the name of St. Andrew Undershaft. The -pole or shaft, Stow tells us, was set up by the citizens “every year, -on May Day, in the morning, in the midst of the street, before the -south door of the said church; which shaft, when it was set on end and -fixed in the ground, was higher than the church steeple.” When its -annual day of usefulness was over, the pole was taken down again and -hung on iron hooks above the doors of the neighbouring houses. - -This pole was destroyed in 1550, the fourth year of Edward VI.’s reign, -in an outburst of Puritanism, after a sermon preached at St. Paul’s -Cross against May games. The inhabitants of the houses against whose -wall the pole had found shelter sawed it in pieces, and every man took -a bit and made use of it to light his fire. - -Mingled with the festivities of May Day there was a distinct set of -sports, very popular in the early part of the sixteenth century, -intended to represent the adventures of the renowned woodland hero, -Robin Hood. The enthusiasm with which the common people entered into -these sports may be seen from the reception Bishop Latimer met with -when he once proposed to preach in a town on the 1st of May. He tells -the incident himself in a sermon he preached in 1549 before Edward VI. - -“I came once myself,” he says, “to a place, riding on a journey -homeward from London, and I sent word overnight into the town that -I would preach there in the morning because it was holy day, and -methought it was an holy day’s work.” (It was the Feast of the Apostles -Philip and James.) “The church stood in my way, and I took my horse -and my company and went thither. I thought I should have found a great -company in the church, and when I came there the church door was fast -locked. - -“I tarried there half an hour and more. At last the key was found, and -one of the parish comes to me and says, ‘Sir, this is a busy day with -us. We cannot hear you. It is Robin Hood’s Day. The parish are gone -abroad to gather for Robin Hood. I pray you forbid them not.’ - -“I was fain there to give place to Robin Hood. I thought my rochet”—or -bishop’s surplice—“should have been regarded, though I were not; but it -would not serve; it was fain to give place to Robin Hood.” - -How did stay-at-home people amuse themselves then in the long winter -evenings? No doubt they either made time seem short by going to sleep, -or they sat by the fireside singing songs or telling oft-told stories, -or exercising their wits by asking each other riddles or conundrums. -Some of their fireside riddles are preserved in a little book called -“Demands Joyous”—in modern English Merry Questions—which was printed -by Wynkyn de Worde in 1511. - -The following are a few of the conundrums contained in this work, and -at some of them the reader, who is well acquainted with the conundrums -of the present day, will be tempted to exclaim with Solomon, that there -is nothing new under the sun. - -“What is it that never freezeth?—Boiling water. - -“What is it that never was and never will be?—A mouse’s nest in a cat’s -ear. - -“How many straws go to a goose’s nest?—Not one, for straws, not having -feet, cannot go anywhere. - -“How many calves’ tails would it take to reach from the earth to the -sky?—No more than one, if it be long enough. - -“What man getteth his living backwards?—A ropemaker. - -“Why doth a dog turn round three times before he lieth down?—Because he -knoweth not his bed’s head from the foot thereof. - -“Why do men make an oven in a town? Because they cannot make a town in -an oven. - -“How may a man discern a cow in a flock of sheep?—By his eyesight. - -“What is the worst bestowed charity that one can give?—Alms to a blind -man; for he would be glad to see the person hanged that gave it to him.” - -An industry of considerable interest from a domestic point of view came -to the front in 1542; this was the manufacture of pins. These useful -articles were originally made abroad, but the English pinners took to -making them, and on their engaging to keep the public well supplied at -reasonable prices, an Act of Parliament was passed in the year just -named, forbidding the sale of any sort of pins excepting “only such as -shall be double-headed, and have the heads soldered fast to the shank -of the pin, well smoothed, the shank well shaven, the point well and -round filed, canted and sharped.” - -The English pinmakers, however, either proved unable or unwilling to -keep their part of the bargain, and complaints were so loudly made -that the pins were not what they should be, that in 1545 the Act was -declared “frustrate and annihilated, and to be repealed for ever.” -Pins of good quality were of brass, but unscrupulous makers made pins -of iron wire, blanched, and passed them off as brass ones. - -People who went from home then had no choice—they must either ride or -walk. Kings, queens, and gentlefolk all mounted to the saddle, the -ladies being accustomed to ride on pillions fixed on the horse, and -generally behind some relative or serving-man. Rude carriages, however, -made their appearance in England in 1555. - -Before the Reformation there were no poor’s rates. The poor had their -wants supplied by charitable doles given at religious houses, and by -contributions placed in the poor man’s box which stood in every church. -In all parishes there was a church house supplied with dishes and -cooking utensils. “Here,” says John Aubrey, “the housekeepers met, and -were merry and gave their charity.” - -Begging, under certain conditions, was regulated by an Act of -Parliament passed in 1530. By this Act justices of the peace were -required to give licences under their seals to such poor, aged, and -impotent persons to beg within a certain precinct as they thought had -most need. If anyone begged out of the district assigned to him he was -to be set in the stocks two days and two nights; and if anyone begged -without first obtaining a licence he was to be put in the stocks three -days and three nights, and be fed with bread and water only. - -Vagrants were very sternly dealt with; but in this Act, and in -subsequent legislation on the same subject, we see that our -sixteenth-century forefathers had an honest desire to do their duty in -relieving such as were in “unfeigned misery.” In an Act passed in the -first year of Edward VI.’s reign we find the curate of every parish -required, “on every Sunday and holiday, after reading the Gospel of -the day, to make (according to such talent as God hath given him) a -godly and brief exhortation to his parishioners, moving and exciting -them to remember the poor people, and the duty of Christian charity in -relieving of them which be their brethren in Christ, born in the same -parish and needing their help.” - -One of the interesting households of the period was that of Sir Thomas -More, the famous Lord Chancellor who was executed in 1535. More lived -at Chelsea, and of his happy home there Erasmus, who knew him well, -has given the following charming account:—“More,” he says, “has built, -near London, upon the Thames, a modest yet commodious mansion. There -he lives, surrounded by his numerous family, including his wife, his -son, and his son’s wife, his three daughters and their husbands, with -eleven grandchildren. There is not any man living so affectionate to -his children as he, and he loveth his old wife as if she were a girl -of fifteen. Such is the excellence of his disposition, that whatsoever -happeneth that could not be helped, he is as cheerful and as well -pleased as though the best thing possible had been done. - -“In More’s house you would say that Plato’s Academy was revived again, -only whereas in the Academy the discussion turned upon geometry and -the power of numbers, the house at Chelsea is a veritable school -of Christian religion. In it is none, man or woman, but readeth or -studieth the liberal arts; yet is their chief care of piety. There is -never any seen idle. The head of the house governs it, not by a lofty -carriage and oft rebukes, but by gentleness and amiable manners. Every -member is busy in his place, performing his duty with alacrity; nor is -sober mirth wanting.” - -Speaking of More’s home life in his “Short History of the English -People,” Mr. J. R. Green says:—“The reserve which the age exacted -from parents was thrown to the winds in More’s intercourse with his -children. He loved teaching them, and lured them to their deeper -studies by the coins and curiosities he had gathered in his cabinet. He -was as fond of their pets and their games as the children themselves, -and would take grave scholars and statesmen into the garden to see -his girls’ rabbit-hutches or to watch the gambols of their favourite -monkey.” - -(_To be continued._) - - - - -THE SHEPHERD’S FAIRY. - -A PASTORALE. - -BY DARLEY DALE, Author of “Fair Katherine,” etc. - - -CHAPTER XIV. - -When Jack was gone, Mrs. Shelley insisted on Fairy’s going to bed, for -the child was worn out with fatigue and excitement, and she and John -watched by Charlie’s couch in turns through the short summer night, -which, short as it was, seemed all too long when spent in anxiously -watching for a change which did not come. Once, and once only during -the night, did Charlie open his eyes and murmur, “Where am I?” but -before the shepherd, who was sitting by him, had time to answer, he -had again relapsed into unconsciousness. - -From the first John Shelley had taken a hopeful view, and even this -momentary return to consciousness filled him with hope; the next -interval might be longer perhaps; at any rate, it was a favourable sign -in the shepherd’s opinion. At four o’clock Mrs. Shelley came to take -her husband’s place, and then, to her surprise, he told her he was -going to walk to the nearest point where the London coach passed and -give Jack the latest bulletin before he started. - -And so, to Jack’s joy and amazement, the first time the coach paused -to take up the Lewes letters, there stood his father by the inn door, -waiting to speak to him. In a moment Jack, who, with Mr. Leslie, was -occupying the boxseat, was down on the ground grasping his father’s -hand and eagerly asking what news. - -“No worse, Jack; if anything, a trifle better; he was conscious for a -few moments last night; just opened his eyes and said ‘Where am I?’ -but I knew you would like to hear the latest news, as you can’t have a -letter till you get to New York, and I don’t know how long that will be -after you arrive there.” - -“Oh, I’ll let you know all about the mails, shepherd, when I come back. -Come, Jack,” called out Mr. Leslie, from the box. - -“God bless you, my boy, and grant we may meet again someday,” said the -shepherd, wringing Jack’s hand, and then the lad, with tears in his -eyes, jumped back to his place, the coachman cracked his whip, and in -a few minutes nothing remained but a cloud of dust, through which John -Shelley was straining his eyes to catch a last glimpse of his eldest -son. - -The next day or two were passed in such a whirl of excitement, what -with the exhilarating feeling of travelling on the top of a coach for -the first time in his life, and being whirled up to London by four -horses in a few hours, and then the wonderful things which, even in his -brief visit, he saw there, and then the long journey to Liverpool, and -the sight of the docks and the ship he was to sail in, for in those -early days of the nineteenth century no steamer had as yet crossed the -Atlantic. All this so occupied Jack’s time and thoughts that though -that vision of Charlie stretched pale and insensible at home haunted -him from time to time, still he had no leisure to dwell on it. But when -on Monday Mr. Leslie, having seen him on board, took leave of him, -and Jack was left alone among a crowd of strangers, with nothing to -do for five or six weeks but watch the sea and sky, then the thought -of Charlie would not be banished, and his anxiety to know how he was -became intense. Luckily Jack turned out at first a bad sailor, and the -physical tortures of sea-sickness counteracted the mental suffering -he was enduring, which, with so little to divert his mind, might have -ended in an attack of brain fever. When he was well enough to leave -his berth, he made friends with the captain and one or two of the -passengers, who took a fancy to this fine, good-looking young man, who -certainly looked exceedingly unlike a shepherd in the suit Mr. Leslie -had bought him at a London tailor’s. His new friends lent him books, -and he derived both pleasure and benefit from conversing with them, -but yet, though he read and studied hard during the voyage, it was a -terrible time to him, and no landsman ever rejoiced more at the sight -of land than Jack did when they sighted the American coast. He always -looked back on that voyage as a dreadful nightmare, for all through he -had been haunted by the terrible fear, almost too terrible to put into -words, lest he should be guilty of the sin of Cain. - -His first act on landing was to inquire when he could have a letter -from England, and finding three weeks hence was the earliest time he -could hope to receive one, for the ship he had come by had just brought -a mail, he made up his mind to dismiss the subject as much as possible, -and wait as patiently as he could for the letter which would colour -his whole life. - -His new occupation, upon which he entered at once, was far more -congenial than sheep-washing or shearing, and the entirely new life he -led and the new country he was living in, with its strange customs and -foreign people, all helped to give a fresh stimulus to Jack’s mind, -and if it had not been for the shadow cast over his life by the memory -of the events which had been the immediate cause of his coming hither, -his first few weeks in New York would have ranked among some of the -happiest in his life. As it was, they slipped by far more quickly than -he had thought possible, and at last he heard the news that the English -mail had arrived, and he bent his steps to the post-office to ask if -there were any letters for him. - -How Jack’s heart thumped as he stood watching the clerk diving into -some pigeon-holes in search of his letters; he fancied the people in -the office must have heard its wild beatings. - -Yes, there were two letters; the first Jack saw at a glance was from -Mr. Leslie, the other was directed by Fairy. The paper on which the -letter was written—there were no envelopes in those days—was not -black-edged, and that, though he dare not lay much stress upon it, was, -perhaps, a hopeful sign, but yet, as he broke the wafer, he was still -in such fear and trembling lest its contents should be unfavourable, -that he dared not open it until he was safe in his own lodgings, where -no curious eyes could watch his behaviour as he read his fate. - -It was indeed well no curious eyes were able to pry into Jack’s humble -room, his castle as he liked to call it, for, poor as it was, it was -his own, paid for out of his earnings, for when he came to the end of -the long crossed sheet he buried his face in his hands, and his great -strong frame shook with his sobs. - -The letter, though directed by Fairy, was from Mrs. Shelley, and ran as -follows:— - - “MY DEAREST JACK,—Thank God, I have good news for you. Charlie - is quite well again, and is following the sheep to-day for the - first time, or he would have written to you himself, but since - he went off this morning, Mr. Leslie has been to tell me this - letter must be posted to-day. - - “It is a month since you went away; it seems years to me, Jack, - but if you are happy in your new life I shall not complain. - Charlie began to get better very soon after you started; he - recovered consciousness that very morning, and though he was - very ill for a week or more, he was not in danger after the - Sunday. How I wished I could have let you know, but there was - no means of getting a letter to you before this one, and I am - afraid you must have suffered terribly from suspense, fearing - the worst, and not daring to hope for good news. Strange to - say, Charlie remembers nothing whatever about his accident; all - he knows is he wanted Fairy to dance with him, and that you - were angry; all the rest is a blank; he had not the least idea - of what really happened. - - “Your father had to get an under-shepherd for a month, but he - has left to-day, and Charlie is to take your place, and is - very proud of his position. No one will ever take your place - at home, though, so if you hear people say no one is missed in - this world, their place is soon filled up, don’t believe it, - my son; your place in your mother’s heart will never be filled - except by yourself, and I miss you at every turn. Fairy misses - you too; she is more at the rectory now than ever, for there is - no one to help her with her lessons here. She sends her love - to you, and will write next month. And now, my boy, I must say - good-bye, for your father has come in on purpose to add a few - lines to this. God ever bless and keep you is the constant - prayer of your loving mother, - - “POLLY SHELLEY.” - -And then followed a few lines in the shepherd’s handwriting, written -with elaborate pains and much effort, as Jack knew, for John Shelley -was much more accustomed to wield his crook than his pen, which -was certainly not that of a ready writer. His preparations were as -elaborate as the writing itself. First he rolled up the sleeves of his -smock; then he ran his hands through his hair, and rubbed the back -of his head; then he wetted his fingers; finally he fixed the pen in -his right hand, after a fashion of his own; and Jack, as he read the -postscript of his mother’s letter, pictured to himself his father’s -attitude as he wrote it, leaning half across the kitchen table, and -moving his whole body, as if every stroke was the greatest exertion, -as it was to him. But if the manner of his writing was eccentric, the -matter was excellent, in spite of the spelling, which was original, -and Jack treasured up his father’s words carefully, and vowed never to -forget how gently and kindly the shepherd had dealt with him in his -trouble. - -So the tears Jack shed over his letter were tears of joy and gratitude. - -(_To be continued._) - -[Illustration] - - - - -OUR TOUR IN NORTH ITALY. - -BY TWO LONDON BACHELORS. - - -[Illustration: THE CERTOSA.] - -On the Monday afternoon, while No. 1 was resting, the elder bachelor -sallied out by himself to see one or two of the important old churches. -By the aid of a map of the town, he found his way to the dirty old -church of St. Maurizio, where he saw some strangely beautiful paintings -of Aurelio and Bernardino Luini. He greatly wondered if the abject -poor, at their silent devotions—for there was no service at the -time—were as greatly influenced by art as were their predecessors in -the less enlightened days. But without wasting his time further in -worthless dreamings, which could better be done at another time, he -passed out of the stuffy and ugly little church into the glorious -sunlight, and proceeded to the more famous church of Santa Maria della -Grazie, to see the most popular picture ever painted—namely, “The Last -Supper,” by Leonardo da Vinci. - -The church was entered first; and here again were groups of the -poorest at their private devotions. Rapture sublime seemed now and -then to illumine the face of a dirty beggar as he or she glanced at a -crucifix or a relic which was exposed to view over the altar of the -Lady Chapel. Could such worship be wrong if it softened, and so greatly -softened, hearts like these, in bodies ill-fed and ill-clothed, making -a repulsive exterior glorified by a countenance of secret joy? But -disappointment came by means of a surly sacristan, a veritable Judas -with a bag, who roughly attended the worshippers, and pocketed pence -in return for wiping their pocket handkerchiefs (for such we perforce -call their dirty rags) on the glass case on the altar containing the -relic before mentioned. To see the emotion of the deluded creatures, -who kissed their rags with ecstatic bliss on receiving them again, was -a strange sight, and struck us as widely different from that of the -woman who kissed the blue fringe on Christ’s garment as He passed -her—for what “virtue” could come out of the operation in the Church of -Santa Maria della Grazie? The act of devotion and lowly love in the -Gospel story was not done from force of habit, nor was the privilege -given in return for money—and, oh! how different the Object and the -intention! - -[Illustration: THE LAST SUPPER. - -_From the painting at Milan, showing its present condition._] - -The greatest painting in the world (“The Last Supper”) is to be seen -in an old outhouse which was used by the reverend monks as a refectory -before the dissolution of the monastery, and which has since been used -as a stable by French dragoons. - -The painting is in a sad state of dilapidation, caused by damp and -attempted restorations in 1770, and also by the bad treatment it has -had at the hands of tourists. But much of the genius of the painting is -still seen, and we bow in lowly reverence before a work which surely -has been productive of much religious elevation in many generations and -nations. - -The Dominicans, in dining in this old refectory, must have been -wonderfully impressed at seeing Christ at the other end of the room -taking His Last Supper with them; for the accessories of table-cloth, -glasses, etc., in the painting resemble the identical articles used by -the monks, and all helped the great illusion. But again a disillusion! -for, as will be seen on a reference to the picture, the reverend -fathers committed the sacrilege of forming a doorway in a part of the -picture—actually cutting off the legs of the chief Figure—in their -desire to have their dinner warm! - -The illness of the younger bachelor, which had threatened to ruin our -holiday, was not nearly so serious as the doctor had led us to expect. -On the second day the fever much abated, and we determined to resume -our journey after the third day. The doctor, however, advised us not to -go to either Cremona or Mantua, as these cities, especially the former, -are unhealthy, and might bring on a renewal of the fever. This was a -disappointment, as we were anxious to see Cremona, which, apart from -its cathedral and other buildings, has always been renowned for the -manufacture of violins and other stringed instruments. To see fiddles -of every shape and size hung out in the open air to dry like so many -clothes after washing, was too novel a sight to miss without a bitter -pang. - -We determined to make up for our disappointment in not seeing Cremona -and Mantua, by visiting the town of Pavia and the magnificent monastery -or Certosa close to it. - -So we arranged to make the excursion to the Certosa and Pavia, to -return to Milan for a visit to the Brera Gallery, to dine, and to get -our trunks, and finally depart for Verona, if possible, on the same -day. This was rather an extensive programme, especially as one of us -had just recovered from an illness; but we determined if possible to -abide by it. - -The great Lombard plain is relieved from monotony by being cut-up with -canals and ditches, running between avenues of willows and poplars, -reminding one of the scenery in Dutch pictures. - -Of course the Certosa is in many respects an exquisite building. The -magnificence of the materials of its altars, screens, pavements, &c., -and the enormous wealth of sculpture lavished over every portion of -it, render this church one of the most remarkable structures in the -world. But when one comes to study it and to think it well over, the -question arises whether this immense amount of costly material, this -vast amount of labour and skill, ought not to have produced something -far more “striking” in general effect. In fact, it rather reminds one -of the so-called French dinners, which English people are in the habit -of giving, from which one comes away thoroughly unsatisfied, with only -a confused recollection of a great number of costly dishes. It almost -appears as if in the Certosa the sculptors had been set to do the -architecture and the painters to execute the sculpture; each has so -attempted to overdo and over-elaborate his portion of the work that he -has “strained” his art, until it has lost those wholesome restrictions -which the æsthetic principles, both of classic and mediæval times, had -placed upon it. Thus we find the architectural outlines broken up and -lost in a forest of detail, and the sculptured panels have elaborated -backgrounds more suited for pictorial works than for carving. - -The façade, which our girls perfectly know by photograph, was designed -by Borgognone, far better known as a painter, and was commenced about -1473. - -One really sees nothing of the church until entering the large gate, -covered on the outside with damaged frescoes; the wonderful façade -presents itself on the other side of the quadrangle. - -As can well be imagined, the first sight of this wonderful front -nearly took our breath away, so vast is the amount of sculpture and so -elaborate the designs. The upper portion is far less elaborate than the -lower; indeed, we thought that they were by different architects. - -The most richly decorated portion of the façade is that on the level -of the portico, the two windows on either side of the latter being -completely enclosed by a vast amount of sculpturesque ornament. This -elaboration is carried out to such an extent that the mullions of the -windows, instead of being simply moulded, are carved into imitations -of candelabra, with foliage, lizards, and little cupids in the act of -climbing, and ornamenting every portion. - -The subjects which pleased us the most were the pictures of sculpture, -a little above the level of a man’s head, representing scenes in -religious history. These are very beautiful and perfect, though some of -the heads and attitudes of the figures are, to say the least, grotesque. - -We may mention that a great number of the most eminent Italian masters -for nearly two centuries had a hand in the elaboration of the façade, -including the great Donatello. - -Before entering the church, we visited the two cloisters, which are -very picturesque. The arches of the first one are full of terra-cotta -ornamentation. It is approached from the church by a magnificent white -marble doorway. - -The great cloister is very large, and is surrounded by cells, which -remind one that the Certosa was once a monastery, and belonged to -the Carthusians. This curious order of men never see one another, -except in church. Each man has four rooms and a little garden entirely -to himself. He has his bedroom, his study, his workshop, and his -toolroom. These Carthusians were extremely fond of gardening, and we -have received many benefits from their knowledge of horticulture. They -also invented the well-known liqueur, Chartreuse. Hence their name. -This was invented as a medicine, and is most wholesome and beneficial -for certain illnesses; but it is now, of course, more used for its -gastronomic than its medicinal qualities. - -The church was commenced in the latter part of the fourteenth century; -it is in form a Latin cross, and in style a mixture of Romanesque and -Gothic. The whole of the interior is very richly decorated, all kinds -of material being used, and the altars are beautifully inlaid and -studded with precious stones, gold, etc. There are, however, scarcely -any fine pictures, the few good ones having been removed, and the great -number remaining scarcely add to the beauty of the interior. - -There are seven chapels on either side of the nave, which are railed -off from the latter. These were shown to us by a guide, not by a monk, -as the guide-books say. - -The Certosa is magnificently kept, and in order to make it even more -“smart,” the old pavement has been replaced by a very bright mosaic -one, which reflects the church like glass. But of all, the choir is -the most magnificent, the tabernacle and altar-screen being sumptuous -sixteenth century Renaissance work, and on either side of the altar the -walls are decorated with rich sculpture. - -In the transepts are two monuments, viz., those of Gian-Galeazzo -Visconti, the founder of the church, and of Ludovico Moro and his wife, -Beatrice d’Este. - -Gian-Galeazzo Visconti was the most celebrated of the great Lombard -family of Visconti, who practically ruled Milan for over a century -and a half. So great was the power of this family, that they at times -subjected nearly the whole of Northern Italy, and Gian-Galeazzo, -after completely defeating an army sent against him by the Emperor of -Germany, and after having captured by degrees the whole of Lombardy, -was about to declare himself King of Italy, when death put an end to -his ambition in the year 1402. - -Gian-Galeazzo Visconti was the founder of Milan Cathedral and the -Certosa of Pavia, and, as before mentioned, a superb monument has been -erected to his memory in the latter church; but this monument was more -than half a century in construction, by which time the people had -forgotten where the prince had been buried; and thus the body of this -great man, who had defeated numberless armies and caused to be erected -two of the most sumptuous buildings in Europe, lies no one knows where. - -The son of Gian-Galeazzo ruled in Milan upon his father’s death, after -which the Sforza family succeeded, and held power until the middle of -the sixteenth century, when the emperor, Charles V., who was practical -master of Italy, handed over the duchy of Milan to his son Philip. - -After leaving the Certosa, the two bachelors hired one of the light -one-horse carriages, of which there are always a number outside the -church, and drove to Pavia. That drive was most pleasant. It was a -lovely spring day, with a brilliant sun, though not too hot, and the -country was all aglow with bright colour. - -Pavia is a very curious old place. Of all the old garlic-smelling, -dirty, and badly-drained cities of North Italy, it is the most -garlic-smelling, the dirtiest, and the worst drained; but it is very -quaint withal. The old marketplaces, the projecting roofs, and the -curious outdoor shops give it a wonderfully “old-world” appearance, and -we enjoyed this ramble through the old city greatly, notwithstanding -the horrible smells and the difficulty we had to find our way about the -place. After wandering for some little time, we came to the Piazza del -Duomo, which is most picturesque, and the effect was much enhanced when -we were there, as it was market time. The vast quantity of old women, -dressed in the most quaint manner, selling the oddest of wares, added -no little to a scene which must always be paintable to a degree. The -cathedral, rising on one side of the piazza, with its huge campanile, -though picturesque, can scarcely be called beautiful. It has never -been finished, and when we were there it was in a terrible state of -dilapidation. Of the interior we could see nothing except a heap of -scaffold-poles, as it was in course of restoration, and even the shrine -of the great St. Augustine was concealed from view. - -The most interesting church in Pavia is San Michele, and, though we -were rather pressed for time, we determined to see it. - -San Michele is an early Romanesque church of the eleventh and twelfth -centuries, and is very beautiful, both externally and internally. -The façade is richly ornamented with bands of carving and small open -galleries, and the chancel internally is on a much higher level than -the nave, and is approached by a great flight of steps, giving it a -most dignified appearance. - -After leaving San Michele we tried to find our way to the station; no -easy matter, as we found to our cost. We think we must have made the -circumference of the city three times before an Italian boy, rather -more intelligent than his fellows, at last pointed us out a place which -proved to be the station, from whence we returned to Milan. - -The Brera Gallery contains a magnificent collection of pictures. In an -article like this it is impossible to give a detailed description of -these paintings, and a mere list of works of art is both uninteresting -and uninstructive; besides which no description of pictures is of any -value unless it is prefaced by an account of the various schools to -which the artists belong—a task which has been admirably done already -by Miss Emily Macirone in the pages of this magazine. However, we may -mention that the gallery is a complete history of Italian art. - -To commence with, we find a good example of Giotto, who (as our girls -will see from the excellent chart of the chief painters of the various -schools of art, page 629 of our Annual for 1886) flourished in the -commencement of the fourteenth century. As on a future occasion we -shall have to speak of this painter, when describing the Arena Chapel -at Padua, all we shall say at present is that one should not attempt -to criticise him or the works of this early Italian school by mere -isolated pictures found in galleries. Of course in the days of Giotto -Italian art was more or less in its infancy, and the mechanical -knowledge possessed by these fourteenth century painters was meagre, -therefore we must not expect to find grand effects of chiaroscuro, -neither is the rich colour of the later school to be discovered. - -Of the more perfected early Italian school we find works by Luca -Signorelli, Giovanni Bellini, whom we shall find far better represented -in Venice, and the excellent Francia, whose lovely picture of “Mater -Dolorosa” in our National Gallery is so well known to our girls. We -find, also, works of Raffaelle, Leonardo da Vinci and his pupil, Luini. -But the best represented painters in the Brera are the later Venetian -school, especially Titian, Tintoretto, and Paul Veronese. The great -glory of the collection is Raffaelle’s picture of the marriage of the -Virgin. The arrangement of this picture at first struck us as being -extremely formal. We find in the background a twelve-sided temple -crowned with a dome, standing directly in the middle of the picture. -The architecture of this temple has been severely criticised; but it by -no means follows that because Raffaelle thought the structure suitable -for his picture he would ever have built anything like it. In front -of the temple is a very formal pavement divided into large squares. -All the figures are grouped together immediately in the foreground. -The High Priest stands in the centre, holding the hands of Mary and -Joseph. Behind Joseph are many youths, and behind Mary are a number of -women—five in each group, thus keeping up the symmetrical arrangement -which runs throughout the whole picture. There is a charming grace -about the head of Mary and the two women standing immediately behind -her. May we call them the bridesmaids? - -Joseph and the youths who accompany him are represented with rods, but -it will be noticed that Joseph’s rod is crowned with five blossoms, -probably of the almond. Several explanations have been given of this. -The most poetical supposes it refers to an ancient legend that Mary had -several suitors, as would be almost certain to be the case of a maiden -of the house of David, possessed, moreover, of great personal beauty. -The legend records that the various suitors each cut a rod, which they -laid in the temple, and that after a time Joseph’s rod was discovered -to have blossomed. Some writers suppose that the youths breaking the -rods refer to an ancient custom practised in Jewish marriages. - -The picture is extremely beautiful in colour, brilliant and well -preserved. We venture to suggest that the very symmetrical and formal -arrangement of the picture may have resulted from its having been -intended as the centre portion of a group of compositions. - -Titian is best represented by the frequently engraved picture of St. -Jerome—a work full of grand power and magnificent chiaroscuro. Leonardo -da Vinci’s work in the gallery is one of very great interest, as it is -a study for the head of the Saviour for his mighty work of the Last -Supper. - -As the evening approaches, we dine at one of the perfect _ristoranti_ -of Milan and proceed by rail to Verona. On our way we were captivated -by the charming manners of the peasantry; for we travelled third class, -and thus had a capital opportunity of judging. It was a _fête_ day -at some of the towns our train called at, and there were fireworks, -and every evidence of village festivity. But although there was great -demand for seats in the train, we saw nothing of drunkenness nor heard -coarse language, or anything resembling a vulgar cockney crowd—or, for -the matter of that, the vulgar, well-dressed competitors for best seats -who visit such civilising entertainments as the Monday or Saturday -Popular and other London concerts! No, the Italian peasantry could -teach wonderful lessons in kindness and self-respect to their betters -of England! We reached Verona at midnight, and put up at a delightfully -old world hotel and slept the sleep of—well, the tired, until the sun -next morning reminded us of another happy day in store for us. - -And now there arises before us a scene which will never be absent -from the recollection of either bachelor. A broad and rapidly-flowing -river, spanned by a lofty bridge, pierced by a great circle between the -centremost arches, like the eye of some vast Cyclops. Banks covered -with ancient tiled-roofed houses, above which rise an indescribable -mass of domes, towers, spires, pinnacles, and lofty walls, crowned by -forked battlements; the whole backed up by undulating hills, clad with -the deep green of the cypress groves, amongst which arise the round -towers of a strange-looking castle. Is this the recollection of some -picture we have seen, some place we have dreamt of, or is it a reality? - -The question seems further from being solved as we wander through -the streets and squares of the poetical city. Every step brings -us in the presence of some wondrous recollection of the past, and -there is nothing to fasten down our ideas to the present time. Fresh -dreams arise in every street. What is this vast oval structure, with -its countless arches, reminding one of the great Colosseum at Rome? -Ruinous, it is true; but as we enter it, strange to say, it seems to -have suddenly awakened from its dream of sixteen centuries. Alas! it -awakens us also, for what do we see but in the centre of this great -arena the hanky-panky tricks of modern horsemanship and hear the stale -jokes of a modern English clown! Let us, however, leave this singular -scene of anachronism and again wander and dream. - -This time there rises before us a series of lofty sculptured -tombs, each crowned by a spire, surmounted by the figure of a man -on horseback, separated from the roadway by some delicate metal -work, wrought by the hand of a thirteenth-century blacksmith into a -bewildering combination of quatrefoils, and supported by graceful -marble columns, each bearing the image of a saint or angel. To complete -the picture, the whole is backed up by a venerable-looking church, -with a low, tile-covered steeple and roof, plain enough but for a -beautiful marble monument placed above the doorway. It is difficult -to imagine anything more enchanting in the way of architecture than -this extraordinary cemetery, filling up the centre of one of the small -squares of the city. - -We wander on again, and find ourselves in front of a noble Gothic -church, with a façade shaded by two mighty arches, one over the other, -and beneath the lowermost a richly-carved doorway. We enter, and a -superb picture is presented to our view. A Gothic church of exquisite -proportion and rich detail, gleaming with coloured decoration, to -which the softening touch of time has lent harmony and mellow tints. -A pavement of variegated marble is beneath our feet. Two queer little -statues, supporting holy water basins, attract our attention, and a -voice seems to whisper in our ear, “I Gobbi.” Need we say that this is -the Church of St. Anastasia in Verona. - -It would be impossible to give our girls anything like a description of -the very interesting objects in this beautiful city, or adequately to -express the feelings with which one wanders about its streets. It is -said that “Music hath charms to soothe the savage breast,” and the man -must indeed be a savage who would not feel the same soothing influence -in looking at Verona. - -Everything, from its sweet-sounding name, seems to breathe poetry and -music into the mind. - -One seems to exist in a realm of fancy, and little imagination is -required to people it again with Montagues and Capulets. - -How strange it is that our great poet should have managed to have so -thoroughly embodied the ideas which Verona impresses upon the mind in -_Romeo and Juliet_, without having seen the place! When one reads the -play who has seen Verona, it seems almost impossible to believe that -Shakespeare did not draw his picture from the place itself. - -(_To be continued._) - -[Illustration] - - - - -LITTLE KARIN.[1] - -Translated from the Swedish by the Rev. LEWIS BORRETT WHITE, D.D. - - - Among the serving maidens - In the young king’s royal Hall, - None shone like little Karin, - A star among them all. - - Just like a star she shone forth, - Among the serving folk, - And thus the young king, smiling, - To little Karin spoke. - - “Oh, hear thou, little Karin, - Oh, say thou wilt be mine; - Grey horse and golden saddle - Shall surely then be thine.” - - “Grey horse and golden saddle, - They are not meet for me; - To thy young queen oh, give them, - Leave me with honour free.” - - “Oh, hear thou, little Karin, - Oh, say thou wilt be mine, - My crown all bright and golden - Shall surely then be thine.” - - “Thy crown so bright and golden, - It is not meet for me; - To thy young queen oh, give it, - Leave me with honour free.” - - “Oh, hear thou, little Karin, - Oh, say thou wilt be mine; - The half my royal kingdom - Shall surely then be thine.” - - “The half thy royal kingdom, - It is not meet for me; - On thy young queen bestow it, - Leave me with honour free.” - - “Oh, hear thou, little Karin, - If thou wilt not be mine, - There is a spikéd barrel - I’ll have thee placed within.” - - “Though there’s a spikéd barrel, - And I am placed within, - God’s angels will behold me, - That I am free from sin.” - - So placed they little Karin, - In spikéd barrel bound, - And the king’s cruel horseboys, - They rolled it round and round. - - Then two white doves from Heaven - Came down so peacefully, - They took up little Karin, - And then the doves were three. - -[1] Translation of an old and very popular Swedish ballad supposed -to date from the days of the first introduction of Christianity, and -to record the constancy of a Christian girl—proof against both the -allurements and the threats of her heathen master. - -[Illustration] - - - - -THE INHERITANCE OF A GOOD NAME. - -BY LOUISA MENZIES. - - -CHAPTER I. - -That this world is only a very small part of the universe, and that the -life of man upon this globe is but a very small part of that eternity -to which he is heir, is indicated by a thousand circumstances in the -life of every day, and by none more strikingly than by the failures, -the disappointments, the total eclipses which sweep from our sight into -the undiscovered country many a soul resplendent in promise, leaving -no record of them but in the faithful memories of the few who knew and -loved them. - -“He whom God loveth, dieth early,” said the thoughtful heathen, and -it must be confessed that we are all disposed to hang garlands on our -tombstones and to make heroes of our dead. Flaws of temper and other -foibles which marred the perfection of those who were most familiar to -us while they were tossed to and fro on the billows of this troublesome -world, are forgotten for ever when the lines of care and thought are -smoothed from the brow on which Death has laid his finger. - -No young soldier left the Crimea with greater distinction or greater -promise than Michael Fenner, the son of a house which traced back -its ancestors to the reign of Elizabeth, and to which honour and -piety had always been dearer than riches. He had entered the army -with the true chivalrous desire to fight for the right, to help the -weak, and confound the tyrant, and, a Christian in heart and soul, -he had maintained the simplicity and purity of his life alike in -the battlefield, in weary marches, and in seasons of sickness and -depression. - -Self-denying, gracious, and cheery, he was welcome as the sun in -springtime, and many a groan was stifled and many a muttered curse -was turned into a blessing at the sight of his kindly blue eyes, at -the sound of his brotherly voice, so that no one grumbled when he was -gazetted captain in his eight and twentieth year. - -Captain Michael Fenner in active service, and with the modest fortune -which he had inherited from his parents, thought it no indiscretion -to marry the lady of his love, Margaret Echlin, the daughter of the -Rector of Oldborough, a village in Warwickshire, which his family had -lived in for many years, and people called her a lucky woman; for what -distinction was impossible to a man who had already done so much and -done it so well? Nor was the promise of happiness altogether belied. -Eight years of happy wedded life followed the happy marriage; two -healthy children, Mark and Eveline, brightened their home; and as those -were years of peace, Michael was seldom long absent from his family. - -The Fenners were not rich; but as they neither of them desired riches, -and both had the happy knack of enjoying what they had without pining -for what they had not, they took their lives as the gift of the Good -Father, and so all was good to them. - -But there came a day of sore trial, of bitter sorrow to Margaret, of -trial and sorrow which Michael could not share. It was a day of a -great review, and Michael and his regiment were to take part in it. -His children will remember to their dying day the bright face that -kissed them, the gay plumes, the flash of gold and steel, and all the -brilliant show that rode forth from the barrack yard. - -Half an hour, and the accident had happened which made them orphans -and their mother a widow. Captain Fenner was riding a young horse -unaccustomed to the London streets; he had ridden it in the country -for some months, and being a perfect horseman, mounted without -apprehension, but, unhappily, the nervous creature took fright, and, -after a wild rush of some two or three hundred yards, flung his rider -heavily on the pavement. To the amazement and horror of everyone he was -taken up lifeless. Without a word, without a look, he was gone for ever -from among men. - -The event was too solemn to be mourned in the ordinary way. Men gazed -at each other with white, awestruck faces, and spoke beneath their -breath, as he was borne back to the home which he had just quitted in -full health and strength. How many weak-hearted, weak-willed men, who -lived for their own pleasure, with scarce a consciousness of the higher -life, might have been taken and the world not palpably the worse; but -this strong-hearted, strongwilled man, on the very threshold of a noble -career, lay slain by what seemed the merest accident in the heart of -his native country, almost within sound of his children’s voices. -“Truly the Lord’s ways are not our ways, and they are wonderful in our -eyes.” - -Margaret sat stunned in her sorrow. Deep in her smitten heart lay the -consciousness that with him all was well; softly in the sleepless night -she whispered his name, softly her cold hands lingered on the heads -and hair of her children; but her eyes were dry, her voice dead within -her, until her friends, in a mistaken hope of helping her, consulted -together in her hearing about taking away the children. Then the strong -chill gave way, the blood rushed into her pale cheeks, she stood up, -and, holding each child by the shoulder, she looked into the faces of -her amazed friends. - -“Bear with me,” she said; and her voice was dry and hard, but it became -more natural as she proceeded. “Bear with me for awhile; I am weak, but -I shall be strong in time. These are Michael’s children; you must not -take them from me.” Then bending down to her children she kissed them, -praying them also to be patient with her, and said they would help each -other, and, from that day forward she was first in their thoughts, they -in hers. With patient care she devoted herself to all the duties of -that sad time, and when Michael Fenner was laid to rest in the country -churchyard, where many of his forefathers slept, she set herself to -master all the circumstances of her position, and to ascertain the -means at her disposal for her own maintenance and the maintenance and -education of her children. Friends shook their heads and pitied “those -poor Fenners,” but there was not one with whom Margaret would have -changed lots; for had she not the memory of her love and the care of -those little children who were his as well as hers? - -A careful consideration of her circumstances convinced Mrs. Fenner that -it would not be desirable for her to inhabit the house at Oldborough, -for though it was a modest house enough for a family to live in, she -felt herself unequal to manage the farm which belonged to it, and she -knew that her pension would not enable her to keep it up comfortably, -besides, before long it would be necessary for Mark at least to go -to school, and the nearest town was ten miles from Oldborough. So -Oldborough Lodge was let to an Indian family who were in search of just -such a home, and the farm was retained by the farmer, who had held it -ever since Michael’s father had died, some fifteen years before; while -Mrs. Fenner and her children moved to a pretty little cottage, which -was fortunately to let, near the ancient city of Sunbridge, in the -parish adjacent to which her brother was rector, because she was deeply -attached to her brother, and because both he and his wife were of -opinion that it would be a great advantage to Mark to study with their -son Gilbert, until the boys should be old enough to go to school. - -The Rev. James Echlin, Rector of Rosenhurst, near Sunbridge, was one of -those amiable and accomplished men, to whom, in their curate period, -everything seems possible, everything probable; and when it was -announced that Lady Elgitha Manners, aunt to the young Earl of Seven -Beeches, had determined to bestow her inestimable self and all the -weight of her aristocratic connections upon him, it was accepted as an -event quite within the range of the proprieties, and the favoured few -among his congregation to whom the great news was first communicated, -assured each other that it was no wonder, and that they should see -him a bishop before many years were over their heads. The Reverend -James, who, like his sister, was disposed to think rather too humbly -of himself, was amazed at his own good fortune, and meekly submitted -himself to it; but his wise father shook his head, and his mother, -though rather dazzled by the brilliancy of the connection, felt that it -would have been more comfortable if James had married a woman more in -their own rank. Indeed, the man who marries a wife, who condescends to -his alliance, is seldom to be envied, and, though James Echlin’s sweet -nature prevented his chafing under it, it was by no means good for him -or for his children that the Lady Elgitha, in right of her superior -knowledge of the world, and of her family connections, exercised the -_summum imperium_ in all household arrangements. - -Of their eight children only two, Gilbert Manners, the eldest, and -Elgitha Manners, the youngest, lived past infancy. Gilbert was a -handsome boy, well grown and vigorous enough, but Elgitha was long a -frail, little maid, who seemed likely to be added to the row of tiny -mounds under the chancel window, which were all that remained to tell -of the six infant Manners Echlins who had spread their wings and joined -the innumerable throng of infant angels. - -Like most ruling ladies, the Lady Elgitha had her favourite, and this -favourite was—as was but natural—her son: for had he not paid her the -initiatory compliment of inheriting her aquiline features? and as he -grew up were not his tastes and feelings in charming harmony with her -own? While a child in the nursery he eschewed fairy tales “as rubbish,” -and when he became a boy, and went to school, learning as learning was -a bore; and he early adopted it as a maxim to give his attention to -nothing that “didn’t pay”—an expression which charmed his mother by its -shrewdness, but strangely chilled his father, who, in all his life, had -never taken such a consideration into account. - -With a sense of the vital importance of modern languages which is -impressed on the brain of our female aristocracy, Lady Elgitha had -imported to Sunbridge first a Parisian _bonne_, then a German; and -Gilbert, Mark, and Eveline had the opportunity of acquiring a _patois_ -which familiarised them with the names of ordinary things, and, it may -be, facilitated their subsequent studies in both languages; but little -Elgitha was too delicate in the early years of her life to be trusted -either to _bonne_ or _fräulein_, and she was permitted to repose on -the ample bosom of a comfortable Englishwoman, who was as sweet as -a clover-field and about as intelligent; and while she nursed and -tended the frail little body, had not the remotest notion of in any -way disturbing the little brain, but was more than satisfied to see -repeated in his little daughter the features and the sweetness of her -father. - -When Gilbert had attained his seventh year, Lady Elgitha decreed -that an erudite curate should be sought out, who, in addition to his -clerical duties, should instruct both boys in the mysteries of the -Latin grammar, and should prepare Gilbert for Eton, and Mark for the -local grammar school, which had a very good reputation; and so, for -three years, the boys worked together under the guidance of the Rev. -Theophilus Wilkins, who, having rather overtaxed his brain by taking a -“double first” at Oxford, was not sorry to rest a little by going back -to first principles with the cousins, the elder of whom was interesting -as the grandson of an earl, while the orphanage of the younger could -hardly fail to awaken his sympathy. - -As was natural, Gilbert took the lead, and was always the person most -considered, but Mark had an innate love of learning, which made him -accept with eagerness whatever was offered to him. From the day when -a six years’ child he spelt out the mysteries of “haec musa” to that -when he gave proof of accomplished scholarship by carrying off the -first honours of his school, it never occurred to Mark to clip his -studies by a careful selection of what would carry him through an -examination, too much engrossed by learning to count personal profit -or want of profit in the matter; while Gilbert from his tenderest -years showed a precocious esteem for “what would pay” and a profound -unwillingness to learn anything for its own sake; so that when he was -ten years old, it being found that Mark was in all respects in advance -of his cousin, Lady Elgitha decreed that it was waste of time for Mark -to study at home any longer, and that Gilbert had better be sent to -one of those feeders of Eton where the subjects of study are strictly -narrowed to suit the demands of that seat of learning; and in due -course Gilbert Manners Echlin, having passed through the congenial mill -of the Rev. Edward Thornborough, at Staines, took a good place on his -entrance, and was fairly launched into the sea of public school life. -His grandfather and his uncle being earls, and his father a parson, he -was not particularly badgered on his first coming; he was sufficiently -aristocratic in countenance and bearing to pass muster with the boys, -and sufficiently ready with his lessons to escape the censure of -masters. - -Mark Fenner, meanwhile, diligently attended the Grammar School at -Sunbridge, walking to and fro summer and winter, wet and dry, and, -with his bright, cheery face and steady ways, won the love of masters -and of boys, and worked his way with quiet perseverance to the top of -the school. It never occurred to him to envy Gilbert his fine clothes -or the guineas he jingled in his pockets when he came to the cottage -to say good-bye; and he submitted with an easy grace to the airs -of patronage which his cousin assumed. It was natural, he thought, -that his Aunt Elgitha’s son should go to Eton, and it was equally -natural and right that he himself should work out his lessons without -other aid than that of dictionary and grammar by the light of his -mother’s lamp in the cottage parlour, occasionally refreshing himself -by a half-unconscious glance at the enlarged photograph over the -mantelpiece, which was the only portrait they had of their father, and -which, dull and poor as it was in comparison with the bright presence -which had passed away, was yet an outward visible sign of it very dear -to the three who called the cottage home. - -In countenance Mark was not at all like his father, resembling his -mother in feature and complexion; but many a time and oft the widow’s -heart beat and tears rose in her eyes as she recognised in her boy -traits which assured her of that higher affinity of heart and mind -which is infinitely deeper than any trick of feature or complexion. It -is a mistake to suppose that because boys are often rough in speech and -careless in manner there is any reason for it in their boyhood, and -though the braggart and the bully naturally attract most attention, and -do what they can to spoil the beauty of the little republics in which -they live, we confidently believe that there are hundreds of boys who -have no taste for bullying and coarse talking any more than for lying -and thieving, and who pass through their school career pure in speech -and gentle in nature. Certainly Mark Fenner never need have blushed -if his mother had heard all he said any more than if she had read the -thoughts of his heart; yet Mark was almost as good in the cricket-field -as in the school-room, he was an adroit swimmer, a stout wrestler, and, -better than all, an excellent walker. - -Eveline, who was just two years younger than her brother, was a bright, -healthy damsel, not specially clever, but one of those girls who have -a truly feminine and harmonising influence in families, modest and -happy in temper, always more occupied by care for others than for -herself. She had acquired most of her knowledge from her mother, and -would have been pronounced by many a young lady of the nineteenth -century “frightfully ignorant.” I am afraid it would have cost her some -thought to define what is meant by physical, political, and commercial -geography; physiology as a science was unknown to her, but she had been -an apt pupil in those graces which no board of examiners can gauge, but -without which English homes would never have been the desire and the -admiration of foreigners, the safety and the comfort of her sons. - -Eveline was sufficiently well-read to take an interest in wholesome -books and understand political questions, when they were discussed; and -for this she was much indebted to her uncle, with whom she was a great -favourite, and whom she often accompanied on his parish rambles, when -he beguiled the way and relieved his own heart by gently philosophising -after a fashion too ideal to find favour with Lady Elgitha, but which -sounded very sweetly in the ears of the young Eveline. - -And so the years sped on. Gilbert had left Eton with fair credit, but -without having attained any distinction, and was making up his mind -what he should do next—a process that occupied him some months, and -which, but for the pressure of circumstances, which his mother regarded -as cruel, he might never have achieved; but she was well aware that -his father could not live for ever, that her fortune would be too -small to support him, when divided, as by her father’s will it must -be, between her children. The church, the army, the bar, which was it -to be? The church was perhaps the easiest; it would not cost Gilbert -much trouble to take a respectable degree, and there was a good living -in the family; but the living was in Northamptonshire, in a part of -the country which Gilbert knew and did not admire; besides, a country -life, even with all the amenities of Sunbridge within easy reach, did -not suit him. He would have preferred the army if he could have been -guaranteed against heavy campaigning, and if the examinations for the -higher branches of the service had not been so stiff. As to law, it -was horrid all round, absolutely nothing to be got without burning the -midnight oil, a process to which, in its classic sense, Gilbert had a -special objection, though he testified no aversion to midnight gas. So -the months passed, until the time came for Mark to leave school, which -he did after having been captain for a couple of years, with a long row -of charmingly-bound prize books and a very good scholarship to Trinity -College, Cambridge. - -Then Lady Elgitha, finding her son no nearer to a conclusion, decreed -that he also should go to Cambridge; all her family who were not in -the army had gone to Cambridge; but as Gilbert had not the gift of -plodding, a smaller college, his father’s, Corpus, was chosen for him. -Boys of his age seldom cared for the church; he would probably come -round in a year or two, and then he would be in the right road for it. - -Mark was sure to do well. He had had nothing to do at Sunbridge but -work, whereas poor Gilbert had been so distracted at Eton by games, -society, etc., etc. Mark would distinguish himself. He could hardly -help doing so, and no doubt would be glad of the opportunity to do his -cousin a service in return for the many benefits he and his mother and -sister had received from his uncle. - -The seven years which the boys had spent apart, except during holidays, -had widened the natural gulf between them; and when Mark, in obedience -to his aunt’s wish, offered to read with Gilbert, he found the task -no easy one. Gilbert professed an abomination for mathematics, and by -his ignorance of the first principles, seemed to justify the opinion -generally entertained of the perfection in which the study is ignored -in the old schools. - -“It’s just horrid, old man!” he exclaimed one morning, after -half-an-hour’s study, thrusting his long fingers through his fair hair. -“I’m awfully sorry for you having to grind away at it.” - -“But I like it!” said Mark, mind and eyes deep in his geometry. “Just -listen, Gilbert. I do think I see another solution.” - -“Another solution!” cried Gilbert, in despair. “Just as if one was not -enough.” - -“But it’s so interesting,” persisted Mark. “If you’d only give your -mind to it, I’m sure you’d like it; it is so pretty.” - -“Where’s the good? I’m not going in for a don. I shall scrape -through when the time comes, never fear. Hullo! There’s St. Maur and -Tullietudlem in a tandem. Splendid, isn’t it? How will Tullie ever get -that wild filly of his round the corner? There! I knew it. Down goes -the old woman—wagon, Tullie, and St. Maur on the top of her. There’ll -be a row!” - -“They’ll have something to pay, at all events,” said Mark, looking up, -but still deep in his problem. - -“Never a bit. A sovereign to the old woman. She’s used to it. Nothing -will ever teach Tullie to handle the ribbons. Never could at Eton; and -his sister’s such a splendid whip. I wonder where they were going to! -Newmarket, perhaps. St. Maur’s uncle is running a two-year-old. O, -bother, Mark! I can’t be worried now. The very look of those figures -makes me sick! I shall get up enough to scrape through, never fear. I’m -strong in classics.” - -“All right, old fellow,” said Mark, shutting up his book. “Then you -won’t want me. Tell me if you do, you know. I’ll come in any day.” - -“Thanks, a thousand times. It is no good working against the grain, is -it? My head is all in a whirl with that stupid geometry.” - -Internally wondering at the stupefying effect of the geometry he had -not done on his cousin’s brain, but too happy to escape to his own -quiet room, Mark Fenner ran with the speed of a lover across the -familiar flags, and buried himself until lunch time in his favourite -study. - -At half-past one his friend, John Mildmay, came in for lunch and for a -chat; and the lads ate their bread-and-butter and pressed beef, flanked -with a jug of college ale, with a keen appetite and much pleasant -talk about men and things. The meal ended, they started for their -afternoon walk along the banks of the Cam, interchanging many a cheery -greeting with friends on land and river, invigorating mind and body by -sufficient and temperate exercise, and taking care to be back in time -for “chapel,” which they attended in the loveliest of chapels—aëry and -exquisite King’s. - -So to Mark Fenner Cambridge was what it should be—a home of -intellectual effort, of happy and reposeful thought, sweetened by the -companionship of chosen friends, mostly men of very moderate means like -himself, to whom the Alma Mater was holding out her protecting arms. -Some men of his cousin’s set made overtures to him—men whose fathers -remembered his father; but Mark had the courage to decline their -invitations, and to keep to the work he had set himself to do; and when -the term was ended, and the lads went home, Mark’s cheeks were round -and rosy, while Gilbert looked so thin and pale that his mother was -alarmed lest he had been doing too much. - -“Very possibly, my dear,” said the rector, to whom she imparted her -fears, with his sweet sad smile, “but not too much work; Gilbert is -innocent of that, I am sure.” - -“I do not think you ever have understood the poor boy, James. He is -not a book-worm, like Mark, of course, no Manners ever was; it is -unfortunate for him that he does take so much after my family.” - -“You are the best judge of that, Elgitha; he certainly does not appear -to me much to resemble any of my people. Perhaps, as far as this world -is concerned, it is all the better for him.” - -“I don’t know why you should say that, James,” said Lady Elgitha, -rather reproachfully; “surely your lot has fallen in pleasant places.” - -“I did not mean to complain, my dear; my fortune is much above my -deserts. If I should like to see Gilbert more studious, it is perhaps -from a selfish wish to have him more in sympathy with myself—not that I -am much of a student, I am but an idle fellow, God help me, enjoying my -pleasant, easy life here with you, Margaret, and the girls.” - -“Everybody must be happy in his own way,” said Lady Elgitha. “Gilbert -would never be happy as a parson; it is my belief that he wants an -active life. I must write to the Earl about him—something in the -Treasury now.” - -“My dear, your nephew cannot nominate as your father and grandfather -did. Gilbert must stand the test of an examination; if he cannot -satisfy the examiners, no amount of blue blood will avail him.” - -“According to that, Mark will have the best chance in the world.” - -“And everywhere else,” said the rector. “I only wish our Gilbert had -half the chances of Margaret’s fatherless boy. Michael Fenner, though -dead, has done more for his son than I for mine. Gilbert is selfish, -idle, almost illiterate, and I look with shame on the virtues of my -nephew who has had so much less done for him.” - -“Why, Rector, what has given you such a fit of the blues this -afternoon?” exclaimed Lady Elgitha, regarding him with amazed alarm. - -The rector attempted some jest, and calling his little daughter, set -out on his usual afternoon peregrination, while Lady Elgitha, seriously -disturbed, reflected whether it would be advisable to calm his troubled -mind by a course of globules, or to divert his thoughts by a dinner -party or a tennis tournament. - -(_To be continued._) - -[Illustration] - - - - -VARIETIES. - - -OTHER PEOPLE’S VANITY.—What renders the vanity of others insupportable -is that it wounds our own.—_La Rochefoucauld._ - - -BUSY WITH TRIFLES.—Those who bestow too much application on trifling -things become generally incapable of great ones.—_La Rochefoucauld._ - - -HEADS AND HEARTS.—A man with a bad heart has been sometimes saved by a -strong head, but a corrupt woman is lost for ever.—_Coleridge._ - - -LOVE-LETTERS.—To write a good love-letter, you ought to begin without -knowing what you mean to say and to finish without knowing what you -have written.—_Rousseau._ - - -LOVERS’ TALK.—The reason why lovers are never weary of being together -is because they are always talking of themselves. - - -A TALE OF A YORKSHIRE WIFE. - -The Yorkshire people of the West Riding, according to Mrs. Gaskell, are -“sleuth hounds” after money, and in illustration of this characteristic -we may take the following anecdote:— - -Not far from Bradford an old couple lived on their farm. The good -man had been ill for some time, when the practitioner who attended -him advised that a physician should be summoned from Bradford for a -consultation. - -The doctor came, looked into the case, gave his opinion, and, -descending from the sick-room to the kitchen, was there accosted by the -old woman with “Well, doctor, what is your charge?” - -“My fee is a guinea.” - -“A guinea, doctor! a guinea! And if you come again will it be another -guinea?” - -“Yes.” - -“A guinea, doctor! Hech!” - -The old woman rose and went upstairs to her husband’s bedroom, and the -doctor, who waited below, heard her say— - -“He charges a guinea, and if he comes again it’ll be another guinea. -Now, what do you say? If I were ye I’d say no, like a Britoner; and I’d -die first.” - - -PLEASANT SURPRISES.—Human nature is pliable, and perhaps the -pleasantest surprises of life are found in discovering the things we -can do when forced. - - -AN OBSTACLE TO HAPPINESS.—There is in all of us an impediment to -perfect happiness—namely, weariness of the things which we possess and -a desire for the things which we have not. - - - - -ANSWERS TO CORRESPONDENTS. - - -EDUCATIONAL. - -MISS BEALE, ADA CROSSLEY, DELECTUS, ADMIRER OF THE G. O. P., CONSTANCE -SUTHERLAND, GERTRUDE and RONVAD, MARDI, TADMAN and CROSSLEY.—We thank -Miss Beale for sending us the prospectus of the Guild of the Cheltenham -Ladies’ College, the object of which is to give information to its -old pupils and others, of essay, reading, and other societies, so as -to help in their own self-improvement and in work for others; general -secretary, Mrs. Ashley Smith, Ivy House, Bilston, Staffordshire. Miss -Tadman is thanked for her prospectus of the Kingston Reading Club, of -which she is hon. secretary; her address is 100, Coltman-street, Hull, -Yorkshire. Mardi is also thanked for that of the Glamorgan Reading -Society, of which Miss C. Lewis is the hon. secretary; address, 49, -Richmond-road, Cardiff, Wales. She wishes it to be understood that it -is not confined to Glamorganshire. Our other correspondents above-named -we may refer to the shilling “Directory of Girls’ Clubs” (Griffith and -Farran, St. Paul’s-churchyard, E.C.), where they will find what they -require. Machiavelli’s works are translated into French by Periés, -1823-6, in twelve volumes, and Macaulay wrote an essay upon them. March -24th, 1869, was a Wednesday. Eleven early-rising societies are named in -the directory, including Miss Kempe’s. - - -ART. - -DIE JUNGE MAUS.—Although you have attained to the patriarchal age -of twenty-one, and your bones have only just become hard, we see no -objection to your learning to paint. There are works on the subject you -name in French as well as English. Write to the publisher, Mr. Tarn. -Ours is the editorial department. - -EMILY KAIGHIN.—A milking-stool is round in the seat, about ten inches -in diameter, and has three wooden legs sloping outwards. People use -it more as a means for the practice of their artistic ideas than as a -restful appliance. - -MAY.—To remove a photo from a dirty mount, cut away all the margin of -the latter and put it to float in a plate of clean tepid water. Should -it fail to become detached, hold it with the back near the fire, and -you will then peel it off. Sometimes a solution of indiarubber is used -in mounting (improperly so, we think), and this is the best plan to -adopt in such a case. - -PHOTO.—The medium mentioned in “Photographine” is sold with the -apparatus for the art. - -A. M. B.—To acquire the art of painting on glass or china, you might be -taken as an apprentice at various firms, such as that of Mr. Cameron, -69, Wigmore-street, Cavendish-square. W.; or the Messrs. Powell, of -the Whitefriars Glass Company, Whitefriars-street, E.C. This company -receives ladies, who work in a separate room for six hours daily, and -four on Saturdays. The Messrs. Simpson and Messrs. Mortlock likewise -employ ladies. The average earnings are from £60 to £70 per annum for -the lower branches of art, and as much as £100 for the higher. - -BULL FINCH.—We must refer you to the answer above given to “A. M. B.” -You will find plenty of designs for tile and china painting in the -volumes of the G. O. P. You need not look further. - -WOULD-BE PROFESSIONAL.—Certainly, a livelihood could be made out of -wood engraving, but then you should have more than one qualification -for it. Practical skill, persevering industry, good sight, a firm, -steady, yet delicate touch, and natural artistic taste. The work has -the advantage of being home work, and needs little outlay—a good set of -tools, and the boxwood blocks purchased as required. A skilled engraver -can earn from £3 upwards a week. If you study at the South London -Technical Art School, 122 and 124, Kennington Park-road, you will have -£3 to pay per annum for fees, half-yearly and in advance. When you -have acquired the art, illustrate some popular work or picture initial -letters for articles, and little end sketches for the same, and take -them to publishers as specimens. You might obtain advice at the central -office of the City and Guilds of London Institute, Gresham College, -London, E.C. The director and secretary is Philip Magnus, Esq. - - -MISCELLANEOUS. - -YOUNG INQUIRER.—1. Yes, there is such a thing as a “singing flame,” -and it is not like a singing kettle nor a windy gaspipe, and is as -great a wonder as the fabulous “singing tree,” had that been real. -A very delicate jet of flame, introduced through a small pipe into -a narrow glass tube of a foot long, will respond to the singing of -any one note, if set in tune to it. Professor Tyndall says, “With a -little practice, one is able to command a flame to sing and to stop -singing, while it strictly obeys the injunction. When the proper pitch -has been ascertained the experiment is sure to succeed; and, from a -distance of twenty or thirty feet, the flame when sung to is caused -to sing responsively. If it do not respond, it is because it has not -been spoken to in the proper tone; but a note of somewhat higher pitch -causes it to stretch its tongue and sing vigorously.” 2. The 1st of -April, 1869, was a Thursday. - -FAITH, HOPE, AND CHARITY.—See “Practical Hints About the Growth of the -Hair,” in our part for July, 1885. The name Thames is derived from the -Attic word _Tamh_, signifying “quiet,” the Saxon _Temese_, the Latin -_Tamesis_. Possibly the latter may contain the origin of the name Isis, -as given to the river at Oxford. - -EILEEN.—Yes, Ireland was anciently called Insula Sacra, so Festus -Airenus affirmed; but it must be noted that this author wrote in -the fourth century, and this was before St. Patrick established -Christianity there. Also, the name given to Ireland was not exclusively -a distinctive one, for the Isle of Samothrace was also entitled the -Sacred Isle. Another name for Ireland was Muic Innis, or Isle of Muc, -Muc being the name applied to the divinity as worshipped by them, and -signified “sacred.” Beautiful as much of the country is, any visitor -would be struck with the appropriate selection of the latter name -(according to its English sound and meaning) after seeing the filthy -surroundings and habits of the natives, the pigs, poultry, and human -kind wallowing together within the same mud walls, and by preference! - -ZEARN.—A butler has the care of the wine cellar, decants the wine, -and serves it at table. He places the chief dish on the table, or -carves it at the side table, and his place is behind his master’s -chair, while the footman (if one) stands behind his mistress. The -butler also stands behind the footman when the latter opens the -hall door to visitors. The servant, improperly called a butler, who -holds a single-handed place combines the duties of both butler and -footman, with the exception of the care of the wine cellar, unless in -exceptional cases of special trust. - -A READER.—The initials R.S.V.P. are those of the French phrase -_Répondez, s’il vous plaît_, “Answer, if you please.” Painting in oils -is much easier than in water-colours, as mistakes can be rectified and -improvements made. - -HONOLULU.—The quotation you give— - - “Alas! how easily things go wrong; - A sigh too deep, or a kiss too long, - And then comes a mist and a weeping rain, - And life is never the same again,” - -is taken from “Planlastes,” a fairy story, by George McDonald. - -MARANDANA.—Introduce the inferior to the superior, the young to the -older, and, in due courtesy, the man to the woman. Read our series of -articles on good breeding, especially that entitled “The Habits of -Polite Society.” - -G. N. OETZMANN.—You might arrange your meals thus:—A cup of tea, -coffee, or cocoa, and a slice of bread and butter before starting, and -put a captain’s biscuit or two in your pocket for 11 a.m.; dine at -1 p.m.; take a cup of chocolate or tea at 4 p.m., and a substantial tea -at 7 p.m. No supper is needed after that. - -BATTENBERG.—Your handwriting is clear, but not pretty, and you must -beware of flourishes. - -A SCOTCH SUNBEAM.—We are sorry to hear that you suffer so much. Accept -our thanks for so kind and grateful a letter, and sincere wishes for -your speedy restoration. Your handwriting shows a good foundation for a -nice running hand by-and-by. - -ENGLISH CHURCHMAN.—The Orders as now existing in the Established -Church are derived from St. Augustine of Canterbury. Although St. -Joseph of Arimathea brought the Christian faith to Britain in the -first century, the reception of it was very partial, and the mission -of St. Eleutherius in the second century established a line of sixteen -archbishops, the last of whom, Theanus, was driven from his see -into Wales about 587. Here a Primitive church of Eastern origin was -already in existence, and when the second Roman mission was sent over -by Gregory, through Augustine, and established Christianity in the -south-eastern part of Britain, the little mission church in North Wales -was still existing, and protested against any usurpation of authority -by the newly-planted Church of Canterbury. At the same time we cannot -trace any Orders in the Established Church derived from them, although -we have historic evidence of a primacy in the reign of King Arthur -being removed from Caerleon to Llandaff, and thence to St. David’s. - -DAISY.—We think if you belong to the Young Women’s Christian Association -you should apply to Miss A. Gough, 17, Old Cavendish-street, W., for -information. Most of the homes of rest are open on payment of 10s. a -week. There is one at about that price at Cobham, Surrey; Church-stile -House. Apply to Miss Blunt, 3, Portman-square, W. You might also apply -to the sister in charge of St. Gabriel’s Home of Rest, Lennard-road, -Folkestone, where the terms are moderate; or St. Mary’s Home, near -Uckfield, Fletching. Apply to the lady superintendent. Designed for -ladies requiring rest or change, 10s. a week. - -MISS GOUDGE.—The phrase you give appears to be made up of certain -passages of Holy Writ. See 1st Tim. vi. 4, 5, 20, and 2nd Tim. ii. 23. - -E. A. L.—We think you had better look out the word “supernatural” in -the dictionary. - -BISHOP.—Canons are residentiary members of a cathedral chapter, of -which the dean is the chief. The office was instituted in the eighth -century, and their duty is to act as the advisers of the bishop. They -do receive salaries, varying in amount. Archdeacons take precedence of -them. They act as the representatives and delegates of the bishops, -especially in the duty of parochial visitation. Their office dates from -the fifth century. Their salary is very trifling, supposed only to -cover the cost of their journeys. A prebendary has a right to a stall -in the choir of a cathedral church and vote in the chapter, and to the -receipt of certain revenues for the performance of certain duties in -that or a collegiate church. The office was instituted in the eleventh -century, and may be held by a layman, although such cases are rare, if -actually existing. A rural dean is a beneficed clergyman charged with -the inspection of a deanery, or sub-division of an archdeaconry, under -the supervision of his bishop. The original duties of the office are -for the most part practically transferred to the archdeacon. - -W. L.—The first voyage made all round the world was by a Portuguese -commander, who sailed from San Lucas on September 20th, 1519, in the -ship _Vittoria_. The name of this pioneer navigator was Ferdinand -Magellan, giving the straits through which he passed their name. He was -killed on the Philippine Islands the following year, and Sebastian del -Cano brought the ship round the Cape of Good Hope, and arrived at San -Lucas six days within the three years’ expedition, September 6th, 1522. -Five ships formed the fleet; three lived to go through the straits with -Magellan and his crew; the _Vittoria_ was the only one that reached -home. - -AN ITALIAN GIRL.—The 30th April, 1866, was a Monday. The letters _i.e._ -represent the Latin words _id est_, or, in English, “that is,” or, more -freely translated, “that means, in other words,” when an explanation of -the words employed is required. The Jesuits were banished from Portugal -in 1759, suppressed in France 1764, in Spain 1767, and subsequently in -Naples, Parma, and Modena, and in 1773 Pope Clement XIV. issued a bull, -concluding with the words, “We do extirpate and abolish the Society of -Jesus.” In 1814 Pope Pius VII. re-established it. A large number of -Jesuit priests were executed at the time you name on account of real or -supposed political intrigues. You write a beautiful hand, and you have -our best wishes. - -SEEKER OF LIGHT.—Our blessed Lord’s atonement on the Cross was of -infinite efficacy, and our sins—even the most heinous—are those of -mere finite creatures. Thus, “He is able to save to the uttermost.” -The term “scarlet,” as applied to sin, is a figure of speech. It is -not only glaring and conspicuous, but, as produced in ancient times, -it was exceedingly durable. The Phœnicians were famous for it, and the -Tyrian purple and scarlet were produced from two little shellfish, -the _Buccinum_ and _Murex_, only found in perfection on the rocky -coast of their country. The dye when exposed to a bright light became -successively green, blue, red, and deep purple; and, by washing it -in soap and water, of a bright and permanent crimson. Costly fabrics -were twice dyed, and made so beautiful and so very durable that they -brought fabulous prices. Thus, the allusion made to a scarlet dye is -explained. However deeply dyed and stained with sin, the precious blood -of Christ can wash the sinner as white as snow. There is no limit to -its cleansing power. - -S. A. GRAY.—You would do well to advertise your autographs and take -what you can get for them from the trade, or else dispose of them by -arrangement with private friends. The _Exchange and Mart_ would be a -good advertising medium. - -THREE IGNORANT SCHOOLGIRLS.—You cannot say you play by _hear_, but by -ear. - -[Illustration: RVLES I. No charge is made for answering questions - - II. All correspondents to give initials or pseudonym - -III. The Editor reserves the right of declining to reply to any of - the questions - - IV. No direct answers can be sent to the Editor through the post - - V. No more than two questions may be asked in one letter which - must be addressed to the Editor of The Girl’s Own Paper 56 - Paternoster Row LONDON E.C. - - VI. No address of firms tradesmen or any other matter of the - nature of an advertisement will be inserted.] - - * * * * * - -[Transcriber’s Note—the following changes have been made to this text. - -Page 234: Gian-Galleazzo to Gian-Galeazzo—“those of Gian-Galeazzo”.] - -*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE GIRL'S OWN PAPER, VOL. -VIII, NO. 367, JANUARY 8, 1887 *** - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will -be renamed. - -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the -United States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. Special rules, set forth in the General Terms of Use part -of this license, apply to copying and distributing Project -Gutenberg-tm electronic works to protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm -concept and trademark. 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