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diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d7b82bc --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitattributes @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +*.txt text eol=lf +*.htm text eol=lf +*.html text eol=lf +*.md text eol=lf diff --git a/LICENSE.txt b/LICENSE.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6312041 --- /dev/null +++ b/LICENSE.txt @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +This eBook, including all associated images, markup, improvements, +metadata, and any other content or labor, has been confirmed to be +in the PUBLIC DOMAIN IN THE UNITED STATES. + +Procedures for determining public domain status are described in +the "Copyright How-To" at https://www.gutenberg.org. + +No investigation has been made concerning possible copyrights in +jurisdictions other than the United States. Anyone seeking to utilize +this eBook outside of the United States should confirm copyright +status under the laws that apply to them. diff --git a/README.md b/README.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..47204e4 --- /dev/null +++ b/README.md @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +Project Gutenberg (https://www.gutenberg.org) public repository for +eBook #65733 (https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/65733) diff --git a/old/65733-0.txt b/old/65733-0.txt deleted file mode 100644 index 5a3ac23..0000000 --- a/old/65733-0.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,2635 +0,0 @@ -The Project Gutenberg eBook of The Girl's Own Paper, Vol. VIII, No. -367, January 8, 1887, by Various - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and -most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms -of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you -will have to check the laws of the country where you are located before -using this eBook. - -Title: The Girl's Own Paper, Vol. VIII, No. 367, January 8, 1887 - -Author: Various - -Release Date: June 30, 2021 [eBook #65733] - -Language: English - -Produced by: Susan Skinner and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team - at https://www.pgdp.net - -*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE GIRL'S OWN PAPER, VOL. -VIII, NO. 367, JANUARY 8, 1887 *** - - - - - -[Illustration: THE GIRL’S OWN PAPER - -VOL. VIII.—NO. 367. JANUARY 8, 1887. PRICE ONE PENNY.] - - - - -MERLE’S CRUSADE. - -BY ROSA NOUCHETTE CAREY, Author of “Aunt Diana,” “For Lilias,” etc. - - -[Illustration: “IN A MOMENT THERE WAS A FLUTTERING OF WINGS IN THE -AIR.”] - -_All rights reserved._] - - -CHAPTER XIII. - -THE LITTLE WORKERS IN BROWN. - -How delicious it is when one is young to wake up in a fresh place on a -summer’s morning. It was my belief that the birds woke me, there was -such a twittering under the eaves where the house-martins had built -their nests, such a warbling of thrushes breakfasting on the dewy lawn, -such a cawing of rooks under the elm trees; such a joyous bird-symphony -altogether, while I lay in my old-fashioned blue bed, looking round -the quaint old room and trying to decipher the meaning of the curious -prints in their black frames. When I was tired of this I rose and went -to the window. The kitchen garden, with its row of beehives, was just -under the window, and beyond were Cherrytree-lane and Squire Hawtry’s -cornfield, and then a vague blue line, and a brown sail shimmering in -the sunlight. The sweet peacefulness of the scene seemed to sink into -my heart, and I could have sung my _Te Deum_ with the birds. - -When the children were dressed and we had finished our early breakfast, -I went to the window with Reggie while Hannah was clearing the table. -Joyce had already climbed up on the window seat; she was wild to go -into the garden and see auntie’s pets, and I thought it would be no -harm to humour her fancy and defer our walk to the shore. - -As we stood there Miss Cheriton came out on the terrace. She wore a -broad brimmed hat, and long gardening gloves, and carried a basket. She -gave a low, peculiar call, and in a moment there was a fluttering of -wings in the air, and a crowd of pigeons came round her feet to pick up -the grain she had scattered; the pheasants and peacocks joined them. - -I thought what a pretty picture it would have made; the old red brick -house with its ivy-covered gables in the background; the terrace with -its sundial and antique vases; the girl in her white gown with her -beautiful pets round her, her favourite blue pigeons eating out of her -hand. - -“Oh, auntie, may we come?” pleaded Joyce; and Miss Cheriton looked up -at us and smiled and nodded, and Joyce snatched her sun-bonnet and in a -few minutes we had joined her on the terrace. - -She greeted us with evident pleasure, and playfully held up her finger -to silence Joyce. - -“Don’t make a noise, my pet, or Rolf will hear you and want to come -out; he is having his breakfast with Aunt Adelaide; and he is so rough -and tiresome that I do not care to have him with me just now; you shall -go with me into the poultry yard and feed the little yellow chicks -yourself.” - -Joyce was highly delighted at this prospect, and trotted along in her -big white sun-bonnet, chattering as fast as her tongue would go. When -we arrived at the poultry yard, Miss Cheriton filled her pinafore with -grain and showed her where to throw it, and then picked up one of the -downy yellow chicks for Reggie to kiss and hug; but he was so unwilling -to part with it that we had some trouble to rescue the warm struggling -thing; only the speckled hen was in such a fuss, clacking loudly in -the midst of her brood. When we had exhausted the grain and had fed -some grey rabbits, and had peeped in at the stables, and had bestowed a -passing attention on the big St. Bernard in his kennel—Miss Cheriton’s -chief favourite next to her brown mare, Bonnie—we sat down on a bench -in the orchard, at some little distance from the beehives, while the -children gathered daisies and buttercups. - -“I am so fond of this old orchard,” observed Miss Cheriton, as she -threw down her empty basket and removed her gloves, showing a pair of -small brown hands that looked very strong and capable; “when I have -nothing else to do, I and my pets come here and enjoy the quiet. Do you -know, the peacocks and pheasants will follow me all over the place as -closely as a dog? They don’t mind Lion a bit; and he is as gentle as a -lamb. On Sunday afternoon I have all the creatures round me. Adelaide -declares I waste my time dreadfully with the beasties.” - -“They must give you plenty of occupation, Miss Cheriton,” for I have -come to the conclusion that this girl was far from idle. The care of -that extensive poultry-yard could be no sinecure’s office, besides -which the beehives were her exclusive charge, though I heard afterwards -the gardener’s son, Jim, was her under helper. All the live things -about the place looked to her for food and comfort. She had a cage full -of canaries in the conservatory, and a large grey parrot as well. - -“Oh, I am always with my pets and flowers until luncheon-time,” she -remarked, carelessly; “Jim is a very handy boy, and helps me with the -rough work. I was up at six this morning, and we had moved half the -pots in the conservatory before breakfast. I am always up early, except -in the winter; the world is not half awake at that time of the year, -and certainly not well lighted.” - -“Those beehives must be a very profitable investment,” I observed, for -I had heard before now that people had added largely to their incomes -by keeping bees. - -“You would be surprised how much I make by my hives,” she returned. -“I have only a limited interest in the poultry yard, and have to find -chickens and eggs for the household, but the beehives are my own. I -succeeded so well with them last year, and I believe I shall do just as -well this autumn. I am very proud of my bees.” - -“It would not be a bad plan——” I began, and then I stopped, for I had -spoken hastily, and how could I know if my words would be well received? - -“Well,” she said, with a pretty air of impatience, “why do you stop? -You have got something dreadfully sensible in your head, and I should -like to hear it.” - -“I am rather too quick with my words,” I answered, somewhat hesitating. -“I was only thinking of what you said last night; you were condemning -yourself very needlessly, as I think, and comparing your means of -usefulness with Mrs. Morton’s.” - -“With Violet’s many-sided duties. Well, I do not retract my words. I -said I was always amusing myself; so I am; my bees are my playthings.” - -“You could make them work for you if you chose,” I returned, quickly; -“if one of these hives, for example, were devoted to some good -purpose, if the money you got for the honey were given to one of those -institutions in which your sister takes such interest.” - -“Oh, what a nice idea,” she exclaimed, with a bright look. “I wonder -what put that into your head. I was rather uncomfortable having all -that money to spend on myself; I thought of giving some to Adelaide for -Rolf, only I cannot get up an interest in that boy. I have more than I -want, for one does not need so many dresses in the country, and nothing -will induce me to go through a London season again. I tried it once,” -with a merry laugh, “just to please Violet, but it nearly killed me, -so I wrote to father to take me away. I should have liked the balls -very well, only I got so dreadfully sleepy before they were over, and -the rides in the Row were nice, if only they would have let me gallop, -but I was nearly taken up for furious riding once when I could not get -Bonnie to stop, and after that Alick lectured me, and I got sick of it.” - -“You would not like your sister’s life, then?” - -Gay shrugged her shoulders with a gesture of disgust. - -“It is not life at all; it is a daily round of harassing duties. Look -what it has done for Violet—robbed her of spirits and bloom; she will -be an old woman before her time. The fun is very well, but there is too -much of it. I pined for fresh air, for the garden, and the bees, and -my other pets. I am afraid my partners thought me dreadfully rustic; I -seemed to amuse them. I do not care for the young men in ball-rooms, -they are so vapid, and, for all their politeness, they seemed to be -laughing at one.” - -I could not help smiling at this; it was very odd she should be so -frank with me. She must have forgotten that I had no experience of -ball-rooms, and had never danced except at school-parties, when the -girls were allowed to bring their brothers. - -“You are looking satirical, Miss Fenton. Oh, of course, I see what you -mean; but never mind, there are better things than balls in life. For -my part, I prefer a solitary gallop on Bonnie to Strauss’s best waltz, -though I do love dancing too, but, you see, neither Violet nor I have -been trained to a fashionable life. We have lived in the country, have -risen early, and been in the open air from morning to night, and now -poor Violet never goes to bed in time to get a beauty sleep, and she -drives instead of taking a good walk, so no wonder her cheeks get pale -and thin.” - -“It is a grievous pity,” I began, but Gay interrupted me. - -“Oh, it is no use talking about Violet, I have given her up long ago; -Alick has robbed me of her entirely. Now about your benevolent project; -I mean to carry it out. Do you know the Children’s Incurable Hospital, -Maida Vale? Violet is always working for that. There is to be a ‘Muriel -Cot,’ in memory of the dear little baby she lost. Now why should I not -have a ‘Children’s Hive,’ and make those special bees gather honey for -those little incurable children. I call that a lovely idea. Look, that -end hive under the apple tree shall be the one. Miss Fenton, you have -emancipated me; I feel a philanthropist already; the world will be the -better for me and my workers.” - -I looked at her admiringly; such a lovely colour had come to her face, -and her eyes looked so bright and happy. I felt I understood Gay -Cheriton from that moment. She was one of those guileless, innocent -natures that are long in throwing off childhood. She was full of -generous impulses, frank and outspoken to a fault; the yoke of life -pressed lightly on her; she was like an unbridled colt, that had never -felt the curb or the spur; gentle guidance, a word from those she -loved, was sufficient to restrain her. I knew now why Joyce had called -her the little auntie; there was an air of extreme youth about her; she -was so very lovable that diminutiveness suited her, and I thought her -father’s pet name of humming bird suited her exactly; she was so quick -and bright and restless, her vitality and energy demanded constant -movement. - -“How I am chattering!” she said at last, “and I have all the vases -to fill before luncheon, but, as I told you last night, I am fond of -talking if I can get anyone to listen to me. Adelaide never will listen -to me patiently; she says I am such a chatterbox. Goodbye for the -present, Miss Fenton.” And she tripped away, singing in such a fresh -young voice as she went down the orchard that I did not wonder when a -little brown linnet perched on a rose-bush answered her. I think the -birds must have loved to hear her. - -I sat for some time contemplating the low white gate and the row of -beehives. I was rather pleased with the idea I had started; a word in -season sometimes brings a rich harvest. I thought some time of the tiny -workers in their brown livery bringing in their rich stores for the -afflicted children; and it seemed to me that the offering would be a -sweet savour to the Master who loved children. - -I fell into a reverie over it; I thought how much might be done for -others with little cost if people would only think; it is want of -thought that clogs usefulness. Great sacrifices are so seldom demanded -from us; we are not now called upon to forsake all that we hold dear -and follow the Christ—little daily duties, small hourly renunciations, -pleasures given up for some cheerful loving service: these are the -free-will offerings that all may yield, only the people must “give -willingly.” - -The morning passed pleasantly in the sunny orchard; when the children -tired of their play we went back to the house that they might have -their noonday sleep. I was sitting alone in the nursery, mending -Reggie’s pinafore, when I heard the clatter of noisy footsteps in the -corridor, and a moment after the nursery latch was lifted without -ceremony, and Rolf peeped in. He had a droll, half-ashamed expression -on his face, but it bore no trace of yesterday’s ill-humour. - -“May I come in, if you please, Mrs. New Nurse?” - -“My name is Miss Fenton, as I told you yesterday; or, you may call me -Nurse if you choose. Yes; you may come in and talk to me if you like, -Master Rolf; but you must be very quiet, as your little cousins are -asleep.” - -“What precious babies they must be to sleep in the day!” he observed, -disdainfully, as he planted himself without ceremony on the window -seat. “I sit up until ten o’clock every night; sometimes I will not go -to bed until mother goes.” - - “‘Early to bed and early to rise, - Makes a man healthy, wealthy, and wise,’ - -Master Rolf.” - -“Wealthy means rich, doesn’t it? Well, Juddy said I shall be a rich man -some day. I have got father’s watch and sword now, only mother locks -them up until I am bigger. You are not rich, eh, Miss Fenton?” peeping -into my face rather maliciously. - -“No, Master Rolf,” I returned, quietly. - -“Oh, I knew that you are only a nurse; I heard mother and Aunt Gay -talking about you last night. Mother said you were a poor sort, and -she wondered at Violet’s infatuation. She thought you stuck up and -disagreeable, and not much to look at; a plain young woman, and very -disrespectful. There, now!” - -“Master Rolf,” I observed, calmly, and suppressing my inward wrath, -“you call yourself a gentleman, but I assure you a savage shows more -gentlemanly feeling than you. Don’t you know your mother’s words should -be sacred, and you are bound in honour not to repeat them?” And then, -as he seemed rather impressed at this, I told him how, even among -savages and wild and uncultured nations, the sense of hospitality and -gratitude was so strong that, when a man had partaken of bread and -salt, broken the bread of fellowship, he was bound in honour not to -betray or injure his host in any way; and I related to him an anecdote -of an Armenian servant, who had long been faithful to his master, and -had defended him in many dangers in his travels through a lawless -country. - -“The master,” I continued, “had vast treasures under his care, and he -was greatly troubled when his servant said he must leave him. Judge -what his feelings must have been when the man coolly told him that -he had entered into a league with some banditti to rob him of his -money; that it would be mean to remain in his service under these -circumstances, and that he had given him warning of his intention, that -he might defend himself, and that now they were equal. - -“Even this lawless robber had some notions of honour, Master Rolf; -while he ate his master’s bread and salt he was bound by his service -not to injure him. Now you are only a little boy, but you ought to -understand that you also are bound not to betray your mother or repeat -her words, as long as you eat her bread and salt; that is the way -people do so much mischief in the world, repeating things they know are -not meant to be heard.” - -Rolf’s eyes sparkled. - -“I like that story awfully. Yes,” and looking at me critically, “I like -you too, though you are a plain young woman. No, I did not mean to say -that,” interrupting himself in a hurry; “bread and salt, you know; I -shall always think of that when I am going to tell Juddy things that -mother says. She is an old stupid, you know, and she never has time to -make a tail to my kite, and mother says she has no patience with her, -she is such an——Oh, oh, Miss Fenton, bread and salt! How ever shall I -remember when I want to put Juddy in a rage?” - -“I daresay I shall be able to help you with your kite,” I returned, -changing the subject, “but we shall want plenty of string and paper.” - -“Oh, you nice old thing,” replied Rolf, ecstatically. “You are not a -bit plain, not a bit; I shall tell mother I think you lovely, and that -I mean to marry you when I grow up. Won’t she stare at that? May I -bring my kite here this afternoon?” - -“No, no, my dear, not this afternoon; we are going to the shore.” - -“Oh, then I will come with you. Mother,” as Mrs. Markham appeared at -the door, and looked at us with unfeigned surprise, “I can’t drive with -you this afternoon; I am going on the beach with Miss Fenton and the -children.” - -(_To be continued._) - -[Illustration] - - - - -THE HISTORY OF HOME - -OR - -DOMESTIC WAYS SINCE THE TIMES OF HENRY VIII. - -BY NANETTE MASON. - - -PART I. - -THE REIGNS OF HENRY VIII., EDWARD VI., AND MARY I. - -In the following articles we propose to treat of home life in bygone -days. - -That being the case, our net will be spread wide enough to catch a very -miscellaneous collection of facts. Nothing will come amiss to us that -in any way illustrates the domestic existence of our ancestors, and -every reader, whatever her turn of mind, will be sure to find something -worth taking note of. - -It will be a different sort of narrative from the history of great men, -or a tale of battles, sieges, and such-like imposing circumstances. -We shall speak of houses and furniture, food and clothing, etiquette -and good manners, wages and prices, education and superstition, -household industries and household amusements, old recipes and domestic -medicines, the ways of the poor and the ways of the rich. We shall make -as much of needles and pins as ordinary history-books do of swords and -guns, and a girl singing an old song will have more attention than they -give to an ambassador negotiating a foreign treaty. - -The worst of it is that the subject is long, whilst our space is of -necessity short. We shall try, however, to change that disadvantage -into an advantage, by giving only those facts that appear most -interesting. There is a pleasure, too, when reading about a subject, -to know that the half has not been told, and that to all who care to -pursue it on their own account a rich harvest remains yet unreaped. - -We are not going to begin with the time “when wild in woods the noble -savage ran,” and homes were in caves and under the shade of green -trees; our starting-point is to be the reign of Henry VIII., and our -first article will embrace that reign and the reigns of Edward VI. and -Queen Mary—in other words, from 1509 to 1558. - -In those far-back days many things were different from what they -are now. There has been a great advance in material comfort. Our -forefathers, no doubt, had just as much wit and wisdom as we have; -but we can boast an advantage over them in possessing more of the -conveniences of life. In that respect, at least, we are lucky to have -been born so late. - -Let us not imagine, however, that they had a bad time of it, or -were discontented or miserable because they had not everything just -like us. People do not sigh after what they have never either seen -or heard of. We really find happiness in our affections—not in our -material surroundings, which are of secondary importance; and it is not -unreasonable to conclude that, as human nature is always the same, -these ancestors of ours enjoyed life in their way quite as much as we -do. - -We start with the subject of houses and furniture. When Henry VIII. -began to reign, well-to-do people in towns lived, as a rule, in houses -built principally of timber, the fronts being often ornamented with -rich carvings of fanciful and grotesque objects. The upper storeys -projected; so much so, indeed, that in a street people in the attics on -either side could almost shake hands. There was a reason for building -in this way. As the houses were of perishable material, each storey -gave protection from the weather to the storey beneath it. - -Such a quantity of timber being used, there was a great danger of fire, -and the warning of the bellmen who proclaimed the hours of the night -in London was certainly needed, when, to their instructions to “be -charitable to the poor, and pray for the dead,” they added, “Take care -of your fire and candle.” - -The labouring people in the country lived in houses constructed of the -first things that came to hand—often nothing but wattle and mud or -clay. When the mud or clay cracked, under the influence of summer’s -heat or winter’s frost, it was a simple matter with the same material -to “stop a hole to keep the wind away.” Ventilation was very defective, -and Erasmus attributes the frequent sicknesses with which England -was then visited in a great measure to the want of fresh air in the -dwelling-houses. - -The ideas that regulated the furnishing and decoration of the houses -of the upper classes form a marked contrast to those prevailing -nowadays. The furniture was more massive, and there was less of it. The -bedchamber of Henry VIII. contained only a couple of joint cupboards, a -joint stool, two hand-irons, a fire-fork, a pair of tongs, a fire-pan, -and a steel mirror covered with yellow velvet. - -Carpets came into use before the reign of Henry VIII. was far advanced, -though in the reign of Queen Mary rushes still strewed the floor of the -presence-chamber. Feather beds were used in Henry VIII.’s reign by the -upper classes. When they went travelling, they were no longer content -with the floor or a hard bench at halting-places, but generally carried -portable beds (packed in leather cases) with them on horseback. In the -lower ranks of life straw pallets, or rough mats with a round log for a -pillow, formed the ordinary provision for sleeping. - -Ladies’ dresses amongst the nobility in Henry VIII.’s reign had a -certain formality, but in many points were elegant and becoming. Early -in the sixteenth century they were made low and cut square about the -neck: the sleeves were tight at the shoulder, but suddenly became very -large and open, showing the puffed sleeves of the under-dress. The -long skirts were worn open in front to the waist, showing the kirtle -or petticoat. Sometimes, however, dresses were worn high, with short -waists and a small falling collar. - -At a little later date the sleeves of dresses were puffed at the -shoulders, and when the dress was made open above the girdle, what -was called a “partlet”—a kind of habit-shirt—was worn beneath it, and -carried up to the throat. - -Sleeves were one of the strong points of the ladies of those times. -They were independent articles of clothing, and were attached at -pleasure to the rest of the costume. “Much splendour,” says Mr. J. -R. Planché, “was lavished on this part of the dress, and its various -fashions were singularly quaint and elegant.” Amongst the inventories -of Henry VIII.’s reign we find “three pair of purple satin sleeves for -women; one pair of linen sleeves, paned with gold over the arm, quilted -with black silk, and wrought with flowers between the panes and at the -hands; one pair of sleeves of purple gold tissue damask wire, each -sleeve tied with aglets of gold; one pair of crimson satin sleeves, -four buttons of gold being set on each sleeve, and in every button nine -pearls.” - -Necklaces and other ornaments of jewellery were much worn. No dress was -complete without a girdle, and from the girdle was suspended by means -of chains such articles as tablets, knives and purses. Sometimes, in -place of the chains, the girdles themselves had a long pendant, which -was elaborately decorated. - -We get a glimpse of the style of dress amongst commoner folk, in the -history of a famous clothier known as “Jack of Newbury.” When Jack -was married, the bride, in her wedding costume, must have cut quite -a picturesque figure. “The bride,” we read, “being dressed in a gown -of sheep’s russet and a kirtle of fine worsted, her head attired in -a _billiment_ (habiliment) of gold, and her hair, as yellow as gold, -hanging down behind her, which was curiously combed and plaited, -according to the manner of those days, was led to church by two boys -with bride laces, and rosemary tied about their silken sleeves.” - -Mrs. Jack became a widow, and after she had laid aside her weeds she is -described as coming one day out of the kitchen “in a fair train gown -stuck full of silver pins, having a white cap on her head, with cuts of -curious needlework under the same, and an apron before her as white as -driven snow.” - -The ordinary costume for men of the upper ranks in the time of Henry -VIII. was a full-skirted jacket or doublet, with large sleeves to the -wrists, over which was hung a short cloak or coat, with loose hanging -sleeves and a broad, rolling collar of fur. To these articles of dress -was added a brimmed cap, jewelled and bordered with ostrich feathers; -stockings and square-toed shoes. - -A sumptuary law was passed in 1533, limiting the use of certain -expensive stuffs and valuable personal ornaments to certain classes. -Common people and serving men, for example, were confined to the use of -cloth of a fixed price, and lamb’s fur only, and they were forbidden -to wear any ornaments or even buttons of gold, silver, or gilt work, -excepting the badge of their lord or master. - -The apprentices of London wore blue cloaks in summer, and in winter -gowns of the same colour. Blue cloaks or gowns were a mark of servitude. - -Fourteen years before the beginning of Henry VIII.’s reign wages were -settled by Act of Parliament. A free mason, master carpenter, rough -mason, bricklayer, master tiler, plumber, glazier, carver or joiner, -was allowed from Easter to Michaelmas to take 6d. a day, without meat -or drink. Suppose he had meat and drink, he could only charge 4d. A -master having under him six men was allowed a penny a day extra. From -Michaelmas to Easter a penny a day was taken off these prices. Wages, -however, gradually rose all through the sixteenth century. - -In 1511, in the household of the Earl of Northumberland, the principal -priest of the chapel had £5 a year; a chaplain graduate £3 6s. 8d.; a -chaplain not a graduate, £2; a minstrel, £4; a serving boy, 13s. 4d. -These payments were over and above food and lodging. - -When wages and salaries were so low, compared with those of our own -day, we must expect to find a corresponding difference in prices. In -1541 a hundred eggs sold for 1s. 2d., a dozen pigeons cost 10d., a good -fat goose cost 8d., and you could buy a fat sheep for from 2s. 4d. to -4s., and an ox for about £2. In 1533 an Act was passed by which the -price of beef and pork was fixed at ½d. a pound, and veal at ¾d. - -Of the state of learning, in the houses at any rate of the upper -classes, much is to be said that reflects credit on our ancestors. -The royal court of Henry VIII., whatever might be its faults, did not -neglect study. In the case of Prince Edward, afterwards Edward VI., -devotion to his books no doubt had an injurious effect on his health, -and there is no saying what might have been the result to England had -he had less learning and more exercise. Bishop Burnet tells us that he -was so forward in his education that “before he was eight years old -he wrote Latin letters to his father, who was a prince of that stern -severity that one can hardly think that those about his son durst cheat -him by making letters for him.” - -Mary had a good knowledge of classic authors, and wrote good Latin -letters. Elizabeth began every day with an hour’s reading in the Greek -Testament, the tragedies of Sophocles, and the orations of Isocrates -and Demosthenes. She also was a good Latin scholar, spoke French and -Italian as fluently as English, had a smattering of Dutch and German, -and was a devourer of works on history. - -These two princesses were the highest in station of the accomplished -women of the time, but there were many who equalled, and some -who surpassed, them in learning. The most remarkable of all for -accomplishments was certainly Lady Jane Grey, afterwards the -unfortunate queen of a ten-days’ reign. Lady Jane took so kindly to -study that she became the marvel of the age for her acquirements. She -excelled in needlework and in music, and, aided by her tutor, Dr. -Elmer, or Aylmer, afterwards Bishop of London, had thoroughly mastered -Latin, Greek, French, and Italian, and knew something of at least three -Oriental tongues—Hebrew, Chaldee, and Arabic. - -One of the most interesting passages—and a touching one it is, too—in -the writings of Roger Ascham is that in “The Schoolmaster,” in which -he describes a visit he paid to the home of Lady Jane’s parents in -Leicestershire in 1550. She was then little over thirteen years old. -It gives us a glimpse of the girl-life of the period in a high rank of -society, and deserves to be quoted in full. - -“Before I went into Germany,” says Ascham, “I came to Broadgate, in -Leicestershire, to take my leave of that noble Lady Jane Grey, to whom -I was exceeding much beholden. Her parents, the Duke and Duchess, with -all the household, gentlemen and gentlewomen, were hunting in the park. -I found her in her chamber, reading Phædon Platonis, in Greek, and -that with as much delight as some gentlemen would read a merry tale in -Boccaccio. - -“After salutation and duty done with some other talk, I asked her why -she would leave such pastime in the park? - -“Smiling, she answered me, ‘I wis all their sport in the park is but a -shadow to that pleasure that I find in Plato. Alas, good folk! they -never felt what true pleasure meant.’ - -“‘And how came you, madam,’ quoth I, ‘to this deep knowledge of -pleasure, and what did chiefly allure you unto it, seeing not many -women but very few men have attained thereunto?’ - -“‘I will tell you,’ quoth she, ‘and tell you a truth which perchance -you will marvel at. One of the greatest benefits that God ever gave -me is that He sent me so sharp and severe parents, and so gentle a -schoolmaster. For when I am in presence either of father or mother, -whether I speak, keep silence, sit, stand or go, eat, drink, be merry -or sad, be sewing, playing, dancing, or doing anything else, I must do -it as it were in such weight, measure, and number—even so perfectly -as God made the world—or else I am so sharply taunted, so cruelly -threatened, yea, presently, sometimes, with pinches, nips, and bobs, -and other ways which I will not name for the honour I bear them; so -without measure misordered that I think myself in hell, till time come -that I must go to Mr. Elmer, who teacheth me so gently, so pleasantly, -with such fair allurements to learning, that I think all the time -nothing whiles I am with him. And when I am called from him I fall on -weeping, because whatsoever I do else but learning is full of grief, -trouble, fear, and whole misliking unto me. And thus my book hath been -so much my pleasure, and bringeth daily to me more pleasure and more, -that in respect of it all other pleasures in very deed be but trifles -and troubles unto me.’ - -“I remember this talk gladly,” Ascham adds, “both because it is so -worthy of memory, and because, also, it was the last talk that ever I -had and the last time that ever I saw that noble and worthy lady.” - -However learning might flourish in the upper circles of society, it -seems to have languished in the schools and among the people. But -efforts were made in the direction of popular education, and more -grammar schools it is said were founded in the latter part of Henry -VIII.’s reign than in the three hundred years preceding. - -Music was practised by all classes. Erasmus, who saw much of England in -the beginning of the sixteenth century, speaks of the English as the -most accomplished in the skill of music of any people. “It is certain,” -says Mr. Chappell, “that the beginning of the sixteenth century -produced in England a race of musicians equal to the best in foreign -countries, and in point of secular music decidedly in advance of them.” - -Henry VIII. was a great patron of music, and, more than that, he was -himself a composer and performer. He played well on both the virginals -and the lute, and could sing at sight. But to sing at sight was a -common accomplishment amongst gentlemen; so common, indeed, that -inability to do so was looked on as a serious drawback to success in -life. Homes were rendered cheerful by the singing of madrigals and -other part music. The first collection of songs in parts that was -printed in England belongs to the year 1530. - -Besides music, many other recreations were indulged in. These were -the days of archery, casting of the bar, wrestling, and such martial -sports as fighting with swords and battle-axes. For rural pastimes -there were hunting and hawking—and in these the ladies were often as -enthusiastic as the gentlemen. Card-playing was highly popular, and in -the reign of Henry VIII. a prohibitory statute was found necessary to -prevent apprentices from using cards, except in the Christmas holidays, -and then only in their masters’ houses. The same statute forbade any -householder to permit card-playing in his house, under the penalty of -six shillings and eightpence for every offence. - -May Day was a general holiday, and Maypoles were set up in every town -and village. The observance of May Day differed no doubt in minor -particulars in different places, but in general it consisted in people -of all ranks going out early in the morning into the “sweet meadows -and green woods,” where they broke down branches from the trees, and -adorned them with nosegays and crowns of flowers. “This done, they -returned homewards with their booty, and made their doors and windows -triumph in the flowery spoil.” The Maypole was set up, and the rest -of the day was spent in dancing round it, and in sports of different -kinds. When evening came, bonfires were lighted in the streets. Even -the reigning sovereign joined in these amusements. On May Day, 1515, -Henry VIII. and Queen Katherine, his wife, rode a-Maying from Greenwich -to the high ground of Shooter’s-hill, accompanied by many lords and -ladies. - -There was a famous London Maypole in Cornhill before the parish church -of St. Andrew, which thus got the name of St. Andrew Undershaft. The -pole or shaft, Stow tells us, was set up by the citizens “every year, -on May Day, in the morning, in the midst of the street, before the -south door of the said church; which shaft, when it was set on end and -fixed in the ground, was higher than the church steeple.” When its -annual day of usefulness was over, the pole was taken down again and -hung on iron hooks above the doors of the neighbouring houses. - -This pole was destroyed in 1550, the fourth year of Edward VI.’s reign, -in an outburst of Puritanism, after a sermon preached at St. Paul’s -Cross against May games. The inhabitants of the houses against whose -wall the pole had found shelter sawed it in pieces, and every man took -a bit and made use of it to light his fire. - -Mingled with the festivities of May Day there was a distinct set of -sports, very popular in the early part of the sixteenth century, -intended to represent the adventures of the renowned woodland hero, -Robin Hood. The enthusiasm with which the common people entered into -these sports may be seen from the reception Bishop Latimer met with -when he once proposed to preach in a town on the 1st of May. He tells -the incident himself in a sermon he preached in 1549 before Edward VI. - -“I came once myself,” he says, “to a place, riding on a journey -homeward from London, and I sent word overnight into the town that -I would preach there in the morning because it was holy day, and -methought it was an holy day’s work.” (It was the Feast of the Apostles -Philip and James.) “The church stood in my way, and I took my horse -and my company and went thither. I thought I should have found a great -company in the church, and when I came there the church door was fast -locked. - -“I tarried there half an hour and more. At last the key was found, and -one of the parish comes to me and says, ‘Sir, this is a busy day with -us. We cannot hear you. It is Robin Hood’s Day. The parish are gone -abroad to gather for Robin Hood. I pray you forbid them not.’ - -“I was fain there to give place to Robin Hood. I thought my rochet”—or -bishop’s surplice—“should have been regarded, though I were not; but it -would not serve; it was fain to give place to Robin Hood.” - -How did stay-at-home people amuse themselves then in the long winter -evenings? No doubt they either made time seem short by going to sleep, -or they sat by the fireside singing songs or telling oft-told stories, -or exercising their wits by asking each other riddles or conundrums. -Some of their fireside riddles are preserved in a little book called -“Demands Joyous”—in modern English Merry Questions—which was printed -by Wynkyn de Worde in 1511. - -The following are a few of the conundrums contained in this work, and -at some of them the reader, who is well acquainted with the conundrums -of the present day, will be tempted to exclaim with Solomon, that there -is nothing new under the sun. - -“What is it that never freezeth?—Boiling water. - -“What is it that never was and never will be?—A mouse’s nest in a cat’s -ear. - -“How many straws go to a goose’s nest?—Not one, for straws, not having -feet, cannot go anywhere. - -“How many calves’ tails would it take to reach from the earth to the -sky?—No more than one, if it be long enough. - -“What man getteth his living backwards?—A ropemaker. - -“Why doth a dog turn round three times before he lieth down?—Because he -knoweth not his bed’s head from the foot thereof. - -“Why do men make an oven in a town? Because they cannot make a town in -an oven. - -“How may a man discern a cow in a flock of sheep?—By his eyesight. - -“What is the worst bestowed charity that one can give?—Alms to a blind -man; for he would be glad to see the person hanged that gave it to him.” - -An industry of considerable interest from a domestic point of view came -to the front in 1542; this was the manufacture of pins. These useful -articles were originally made abroad, but the English pinners took to -making them, and on their engaging to keep the public well supplied at -reasonable prices, an Act of Parliament was passed in the year just -named, forbidding the sale of any sort of pins excepting “only such as -shall be double-headed, and have the heads soldered fast to the shank -of the pin, well smoothed, the shank well shaven, the point well and -round filed, canted and sharped.” - -The English pinmakers, however, either proved unable or unwilling to -keep their part of the bargain, and complaints were so loudly made -that the pins were not what they should be, that in 1545 the Act was -declared “frustrate and annihilated, and to be repealed for ever.” -Pins of good quality were of brass, but unscrupulous makers made pins -of iron wire, blanched, and passed them off as brass ones. - -People who went from home then had no choice—they must either ride or -walk. Kings, queens, and gentlefolk all mounted to the saddle, the -ladies being accustomed to ride on pillions fixed on the horse, and -generally behind some relative or serving-man. Rude carriages, however, -made their appearance in England in 1555. - -Before the Reformation there were no poor’s rates. The poor had their -wants supplied by charitable doles given at religious houses, and by -contributions placed in the poor man’s box which stood in every church. -In all parishes there was a church house supplied with dishes and -cooking utensils. “Here,” says John Aubrey, “the housekeepers met, and -were merry and gave their charity.” - -Begging, under certain conditions, was regulated by an Act of -Parliament passed in 1530. By this Act justices of the peace were -required to give licences under their seals to such poor, aged, and -impotent persons to beg within a certain precinct as they thought had -most need. If anyone begged out of the district assigned to him he was -to be set in the stocks two days and two nights; and if anyone begged -without first obtaining a licence he was to be put in the stocks three -days and three nights, and be fed with bread and water only. - -Vagrants were very sternly dealt with; but in this Act, and in -subsequent legislation on the same subject, we see that our -sixteenth-century forefathers had an honest desire to do their duty in -relieving such as were in “unfeigned misery.” In an Act passed in the -first year of Edward VI.’s reign we find the curate of every parish -required, “on every Sunday and holiday, after reading the Gospel of -the day, to make (according to such talent as God hath given him) a -godly and brief exhortation to his parishioners, moving and exciting -them to remember the poor people, and the duty of Christian charity in -relieving of them which be their brethren in Christ, born in the same -parish and needing their help.” - -One of the interesting households of the period was that of Sir Thomas -More, the famous Lord Chancellor who was executed in 1535. More lived -at Chelsea, and of his happy home there Erasmus, who knew him well, -has given the following charming account:—“More,” he says, “has built, -near London, upon the Thames, a modest yet commodious mansion. There -he lives, surrounded by his numerous family, including his wife, his -son, and his son’s wife, his three daughters and their husbands, with -eleven grandchildren. There is not any man living so affectionate to -his children as he, and he loveth his old wife as if she were a girl -of fifteen. Such is the excellence of his disposition, that whatsoever -happeneth that could not be helped, he is as cheerful and as well -pleased as though the best thing possible had been done. - -“In More’s house you would say that Plato’s Academy was revived again, -only whereas in the Academy the discussion turned upon geometry and -the power of numbers, the house at Chelsea is a veritable school -of Christian religion. In it is none, man or woman, but readeth or -studieth the liberal arts; yet is their chief care of piety. There is -never any seen idle. The head of the house governs it, not by a lofty -carriage and oft rebukes, but by gentleness and amiable manners. Every -member is busy in his place, performing his duty with alacrity; nor is -sober mirth wanting.” - -Speaking of More’s home life in his “Short History of the English -People,” Mr. J. R. Green says:—“The reserve which the age exacted -from parents was thrown to the winds in More’s intercourse with his -children. He loved teaching them, and lured them to their deeper -studies by the coins and curiosities he had gathered in his cabinet. He -was as fond of their pets and their games as the children themselves, -and would take grave scholars and statesmen into the garden to see -his girls’ rabbit-hutches or to watch the gambols of their favourite -monkey.” - -(_To be continued._) - - - - -THE SHEPHERD’S FAIRY. - -A PASTORALE. - -BY DARLEY DALE, Author of “Fair Katherine,” etc. - - -CHAPTER XIV. - -When Jack was gone, Mrs. Shelley insisted on Fairy’s going to bed, for -the child was worn out with fatigue and excitement, and she and John -watched by Charlie’s couch in turns through the short summer night, -which, short as it was, seemed all too long when spent in anxiously -watching for a change which did not come. Once, and once only during -the night, did Charlie open his eyes and murmur, “Where am I?” but -before the shepherd, who was sitting by him, had time to answer, he -had again relapsed into unconsciousness. - -From the first John Shelley had taken a hopeful view, and even this -momentary return to consciousness filled him with hope; the next -interval might be longer perhaps; at any rate, it was a favourable sign -in the shepherd’s opinion. At four o’clock Mrs. Shelley came to take -her husband’s place, and then, to her surprise, he told her he was -going to walk to the nearest point where the London coach passed and -give Jack the latest bulletin before he started. - -And so, to Jack’s joy and amazement, the first time the coach paused -to take up the Lewes letters, there stood his father by the inn door, -waiting to speak to him. In a moment Jack, who, with Mr. Leslie, was -occupying the boxseat, was down on the ground grasping his father’s -hand and eagerly asking what news. - -“No worse, Jack; if anything, a trifle better; he was conscious for a -few moments last night; just opened his eyes and said ‘Where am I?’ -but I knew you would like to hear the latest news, as you can’t have a -letter till you get to New York, and I don’t know how long that will be -after you arrive there.” - -“Oh, I’ll let you know all about the mails, shepherd, when I come back. -Come, Jack,” called out Mr. Leslie, from the box. - -“God bless you, my boy, and grant we may meet again someday,” said the -shepherd, wringing Jack’s hand, and then the lad, with tears in his -eyes, jumped back to his place, the coachman cracked his whip, and in -a few minutes nothing remained but a cloud of dust, through which John -Shelley was straining his eyes to catch a last glimpse of his eldest -son. - -The next day or two were passed in such a whirl of excitement, what -with the exhilarating feeling of travelling on the top of a coach for -the first time in his life, and being whirled up to London by four -horses in a few hours, and then the wonderful things which, even in his -brief visit, he saw there, and then the long journey to Liverpool, and -the sight of the docks and the ship he was to sail in, for in those -early days of the nineteenth century no steamer had as yet crossed the -Atlantic. All this so occupied Jack’s time and thoughts that though -that vision of Charlie stretched pale and insensible at home haunted -him from time to time, still he had no leisure to dwell on it. But when -on Monday Mr. Leslie, having seen him on board, took leave of him, -and Jack was left alone among a crowd of strangers, with nothing to -do for five or six weeks but watch the sea and sky, then the thought -of Charlie would not be banished, and his anxiety to know how he was -became intense. Luckily Jack turned out at first a bad sailor, and the -physical tortures of sea-sickness counteracted the mental suffering -he was enduring, which, with so little to divert his mind, might have -ended in an attack of brain fever. When he was well enough to leave -his berth, he made friends with the captain and one or two of the -passengers, who took a fancy to this fine, good-looking young man, who -certainly looked exceedingly unlike a shepherd in the suit Mr. Leslie -had bought him at a London tailor’s. His new friends lent him books, -and he derived both pleasure and benefit from conversing with them, -but yet, though he read and studied hard during the voyage, it was a -terrible time to him, and no landsman ever rejoiced more at the sight -of land than Jack did when they sighted the American coast. He always -looked back on that voyage as a dreadful nightmare, for all through he -had been haunted by the terrible fear, almost too terrible to put into -words, lest he should be guilty of the sin of Cain. - -His first act on landing was to inquire when he could have a letter -from England, and finding three weeks hence was the earliest time he -could hope to receive one, for the ship he had come by had just brought -a mail, he made up his mind to dismiss the subject as much as possible, -and wait as patiently as he could for the letter which would colour -his whole life. - -His new occupation, upon which he entered at once, was far more -congenial than sheep-washing or shearing, and the entirely new life he -led and the new country he was living in, with its strange customs and -foreign people, all helped to give a fresh stimulus to Jack’s mind, -and if it had not been for the shadow cast over his life by the memory -of the events which had been the immediate cause of his coming hither, -his first few weeks in New York would have ranked among some of the -happiest in his life. As it was, they slipped by far more quickly than -he had thought possible, and at last he heard the news that the English -mail had arrived, and he bent his steps to the post-office to ask if -there were any letters for him. - -How Jack’s heart thumped as he stood watching the clerk diving into -some pigeon-holes in search of his letters; he fancied the people in -the office must have heard its wild beatings. - -Yes, there were two letters; the first Jack saw at a glance was from -Mr. Leslie, the other was directed by Fairy. The paper on which the -letter was written—there were no envelopes in those days—was not -black-edged, and that, though he dare not lay much stress upon it, was, -perhaps, a hopeful sign, but yet, as he broke the wafer, he was still -in such fear and trembling lest its contents should be unfavourable, -that he dared not open it until he was safe in his own lodgings, where -no curious eyes could watch his behaviour as he read his fate. - -It was indeed well no curious eyes were able to pry into Jack’s humble -room, his castle as he liked to call it, for, poor as it was, it was -his own, paid for out of his earnings, for when he came to the end of -the long crossed sheet he buried his face in his hands, and his great -strong frame shook with his sobs. - -The letter, though directed by Fairy, was from Mrs. Shelley, and ran as -follows:— - - “MY DEAREST JACK,—Thank God, I have good news for you. Charlie - is quite well again, and is following the sheep to-day for the - first time, or he would have written to you himself, but since - he went off this morning, Mr. Leslie has been to tell me this - letter must be posted to-day. - - “It is a month since you went away; it seems years to me, Jack, - but if you are happy in your new life I shall not complain. - Charlie began to get better very soon after you started; he - recovered consciousness that very morning, and though he was - very ill for a week or more, he was not in danger after the - Sunday. How I wished I could have let you know, but there was - no means of getting a letter to you before this one, and I am - afraid you must have suffered terribly from suspense, fearing - the worst, and not daring to hope for good news. Strange to - say, Charlie remembers nothing whatever about his accident; all - he knows is he wanted Fairy to dance with him, and that you - were angry; all the rest is a blank; he had not the least idea - of what really happened. - - “Your father had to get an under-shepherd for a month, but he - has left to-day, and Charlie is to take your place, and is - very proud of his position. No one will ever take your place - at home, though, so if you hear people say no one is missed in - this world, their place is soon filled up, don’t believe it, - my son; your place in your mother’s heart will never be filled - except by yourself, and I miss you at every turn. Fairy misses - you too; she is more at the rectory now than ever, for there is - no one to help her with her lessons here. She sends her love - to you, and will write next month. And now, my boy, I must say - good-bye, for your father has come in on purpose to add a few - lines to this. God ever bless and keep you is the constant - prayer of your loving mother, - - “POLLY SHELLEY.” - -And then followed a few lines in the shepherd’s handwriting, written -with elaborate pains and much effort, as Jack knew, for John Shelley -was much more accustomed to wield his crook than his pen, which -was certainly not that of a ready writer. His preparations were as -elaborate as the writing itself. First he rolled up the sleeves of his -smock; then he ran his hands through his hair, and rubbed the back -of his head; then he wetted his fingers; finally he fixed the pen in -his right hand, after a fashion of his own; and Jack, as he read the -postscript of his mother’s letter, pictured to himself his father’s -attitude as he wrote it, leaning half across the kitchen table, and -moving his whole body, as if every stroke was the greatest exertion, -as it was to him. But if the manner of his writing was eccentric, the -matter was excellent, in spite of the spelling, which was original, -and Jack treasured up his father’s words carefully, and vowed never to -forget how gently and kindly the shepherd had dealt with him in his -trouble. - -So the tears Jack shed over his letter were tears of joy and gratitude. - -(_To be continued._) - -[Illustration] - - - - -OUR TOUR IN NORTH ITALY. - -BY TWO LONDON BACHELORS. - - -[Illustration: THE CERTOSA.] - -On the Monday afternoon, while No. 1 was resting, the elder bachelor -sallied out by himself to see one or two of the important old churches. -By the aid of a map of the town, he found his way to the dirty old -church of St. Maurizio, where he saw some strangely beautiful paintings -of Aurelio and Bernardino Luini. He greatly wondered if the abject -poor, at their silent devotions—for there was no service at the -time—were as greatly influenced by art as were their predecessors in -the less enlightened days. But without wasting his time further in -worthless dreamings, which could better be done at another time, he -passed out of the stuffy and ugly little church into the glorious -sunlight, and proceeded to the more famous church of Santa Maria della -Grazie, to see the most popular picture ever painted—namely, “The Last -Supper,” by Leonardo da Vinci. - -The church was entered first; and here again were groups of the -poorest at their private devotions. Rapture sublime seemed now and -then to illumine the face of a dirty beggar as he or she glanced at a -crucifix or a relic which was exposed to view over the altar of the -Lady Chapel. Could such worship be wrong if it softened, and so greatly -softened, hearts like these, in bodies ill-fed and ill-clothed, making -a repulsive exterior glorified by a countenance of secret joy? But -disappointment came by means of a surly sacristan, a veritable Judas -with a bag, who roughly attended the worshippers, and pocketed pence -in return for wiping their pocket handkerchiefs (for such we perforce -call their dirty rags) on the glass case on the altar containing the -relic before mentioned. To see the emotion of the deluded creatures, -who kissed their rags with ecstatic bliss on receiving them again, was -a strange sight, and struck us as widely different from that of the -woman who kissed the blue fringe on Christ’s garment as He passed -her—for what “virtue” could come out of the operation in the Church of -Santa Maria della Grazie? The act of devotion and lowly love in the -Gospel story was not done from force of habit, nor was the privilege -given in return for money—and, oh! how different the Object and the -intention! - -[Illustration: THE LAST SUPPER. - -_From the painting at Milan, showing its present condition._] - -The greatest painting in the world (“The Last Supper”) is to be seen -in an old outhouse which was used by the reverend monks as a refectory -before the dissolution of the monastery, and which has since been used -as a stable by French dragoons. - -The painting is in a sad state of dilapidation, caused by damp and -attempted restorations in 1770, and also by the bad treatment it has -had at the hands of tourists. But much of the genius of the painting is -still seen, and we bow in lowly reverence before a work which surely -has been productive of much religious elevation in many generations and -nations. - -The Dominicans, in dining in this old refectory, must have been -wonderfully impressed at seeing Christ at the other end of the room -taking His Last Supper with them; for the accessories of table-cloth, -glasses, etc., in the painting resemble the identical articles used by -the monks, and all helped the great illusion. But again a disillusion! -for, as will be seen on a reference to the picture, the reverend -fathers committed the sacrilege of forming a doorway in a part of the -picture—actually cutting off the legs of the chief Figure—in their -desire to have their dinner warm! - -The illness of the younger bachelor, which had threatened to ruin our -holiday, was not nearly so serious as the doctor had led us to expect. -On the second day the fever much abated, and we determined to resume -our journey after the third day. The doctor, however, advised us not to -go to either Cremona or Mantua, as these cities, especially the former, -are unhealthy, and might bring on a renewal of the fever. This was a -disappointment, as we were anxious to see Cremona, which, apart from -its cathedral and other buildings, has always been renowned for the -manufacture of violins and other stringed instruments. To see fiddles -of every shape and size hung out in the open air to dry like so many -clothes after washing, was too novel a sight to miss without a bitter -pang. - -We determined to make up for our disappointment in not seeing Cremona -and Mantua, by visiting the town of Pavia and the magnificent monastery -or Certosa close to it. - -So we arranged to make the excursion to the Certosa and Pavia, to -return to Milan for a visit to the Brera Gallery, to dine, and to get -our trunks, and finally depart for Verona, if possible, on the same -day. This was rather an extensive programme, especially as one of us -had just recovered from an illness; but we determined if possible to -abide by it. - -The great Lombard plain is relieved from monotony by being cut-up with -canals and ditches, running between avenues of willows and poplars, -reminding one of the scenery in Dutch pictures. - -Of course the Certosa is in many respects an exquisite building. The -magnificence of the materials of its altars, screens, pavements, &c., -and the enormous wealth of sculpture lavished over every portion of -it, render this church one of the most remarkable structures in the -world. But when one comes to study it and to think it well over, the -question arises whether this immense amount of costly material, this -vast amount of labour and skill, ought not to have produced something -far more “striking” in general effect. In fact, it rather reminds one -of the so-called French dinners, which English people are in the habit -of giving, from which one comes away thoroughly unsatisfied, with only -a confused recollection of a great number of costly dishes. It almost -appears as if in the Certosa the sculptors had been set to do the -architecture and the painters to execute the sculpture; each has so -attempted to overdo and over-elaborate his portion of the work that he -has “strained” his art, until it has lost those wholesome restrictions -which the æsthetic principles, both of classic and mediæval times, had -placed upon it. Thus we find the architectural outlines broken up and -lost in a forest of detail, and the sculptured panels have elaborated -backgrounds more suited for pictorial works than for carving. - -The façade, which our girls perfectly know by photograph, was designed -by Borgognone, far better known as a painter, and was commenced about -1473. - -One really sees nothing of the church until entering the large gate, -covered on the outside with damaged frescoes; the wonderful façade -presents itself on the other side of the quadrangle. - -As can well be imagined, the first sight of this wonderful front -nearly took our breath away, so vast is the amount of sculpture and so -elaborate the designs. The upper portion is far less elaborate than the -lower; indeed, we thought that they were by different architects. - -The most richly decorated portion of the façade is that on the level -of the portico, the two windows on either side of the latter being -completely enclosed by a vast amount of sculpturesque ornament. This -elaboration is carried out to such an extent that the mullions of the -windows, instead of being simply moulded, are carved into imitations -of candelabra, with foliage, lizards, and little cupids in the act of -climbing, and ornamenting every portion. - -The subjects which pleased us the most were the pictures of sculpture, -a little above the level of a man’s head, representing scenes in -religious history. These are very beautiful and perfect, though some of -the heads and attitudes of the figures are, to say the least, grotesque. - -We may mention that a great number of the most eminent Italian masters -for nearly two centuries had a hand in the elaboration of the façade, -including the great Donatello. - -Before entering the church, we visited the two cloisters, which are -very picturesque. The arches of the first one are full of terra-cotta -ornamentation. It is approached from the church by a magnificent white -marble doorway. - -The great cloister is very large, and is surrounded by cells, which -remind one that the Certosa was once a monastery, and belonged to -the Carthusians. This curious order of men never see one another, -except in church. Each man has four rooms and a little garden entirely -to himself. He has his bedroom, his study, his workshop, and his -toolroom. These Carthusians were extremely fond of gardening, and we -have received many benefits from their knowledge of horticulture. They -also invented the well-known liqueur, Chartreuse. Hence their name. -This was invented as a medicine, and is most wholesome and beneficial -for certain illnesses; but it is now, of course, more used for its -gastronomic than its medicinal qualities. - -The church was commenced in the latter part of the fourteenth century; -it is in form a Latin cross, and in style a mixture of Romanesque and -Gothic. The whole of the interior is very richly decorated, all kinds -of material being used, and the altars are beautifully inlaid and -studded with precious stones, gold, etc. There are, however, scarcely -any fine pictures, the few good ones having been removed, and the great -number remaining scarcely add to the beauty of the interior. - -There are seven chapels on either side of the nave, which are railed -off from the latter. These were shown to us by a guide, not by a monk, -as the guide-books say. - -The Certosa is magnificently kept, and in order to make it even more -“smart,” the old pavement has been replaced by a very bright mosaic -one, which reflects the church like glass. But of all, the choir is -the most magnificent, the tabernacle and altar-screen being sumptuous -sixteenth century Renaissance work, and on either side of the altar the -walls are decorated with rich sculpture. - -In the transepts are two monuments, viz., those of Gian-Galeazzo -Visconti, the founder of the church, and of Ludovico Moro and his wife, -Beatrice d’Este. - -Gian-Galeazzo Visconti was the most celebrated of the great Lombard -family of Visconti, who practically ruled Milan for over a century -and a half. So great was the power of this family, that they at times -subjected nearly the whole of Northern Italy, and Gian-Galeazzo, -after completely defeating an army sent against him by the Emperor of -Germany, and after having captured by degrees the whole of Lombardy, -was about to declare himself King of Italy, when death put an end to -his ambition in the year 1402. - -Gian-Galeazzo Visconti was the founder of Milan Cathedral and the -Certosa of Pavia, and, as before mentioned, a superb monument has been -erected to his memory in the latter church; but this monument was more -than half a century in construction, by which time the people had -forgotten where the prince had been buried; and thus the body of this -great man, who had defeated numberless armies and caused to be erected -two of the most sumptuous buildings in Europe, lies no one knows where. - -The son of Gian-Galeazzo ruled in Milan upon his father’s death, after -which the Sforza family succeeded, and held power until the middle of -the sixteenth century, when the emperor, Charles V., who was practical -master of Italy, handed over the duchy of Milan to his son Philip. - -After leaving the Certosa, the two bachelors hired one of the light -one-horse carriages, of which there are always a number outside the -church, and drove to Pavia. That drive was most pleasant. It was a -lovely spring day, with a brilliant sun, though not too hot, and the -country was all aglow with bright colour. - -Pavia is a very curious old place. Of all the old garlic-smelling, -dirty, and badly-drained cities of North Italy, it is the most -garlic-smelling, the dirtiest, and the worst drained; but it is very -quaint withal. The old marketplaces, the projecting roofs, and the -curious outdoor shops give it a wonderfully “old-world” appearance, and -we enjoyed this ramble through the old city greatly, notwithstanding -the horrible smells and the difficulty we had to find our way about the -place. After wandering for some little time, we came to the Piazza del -Duomo, which is most picturesque, and the effect was much enhanced when -we were there, as it was market time. The vast quantity of old women, -dressed in the most quaint manner, selling the oddest of wares, added -no little to a scene which must always be paintable to a degree. The -cathedral, rising on one side of the piazza, with its huge campanile, -though picturesque, can scarcely be called beautiful. It has never -been finished, and when we were there it was in a terrible state of -dilapidation. Of the interior we could see nothing except a heap of -scaffold-poles, as it was in course of restoration, and even the shrine -of the great St. Augustine was concealed from view. - -The most interesting church in Pavia is San Michele, and, though we -were rather pressed for time, we determined to see it. - -San Michele is an early Romanesque church of the eleventh and twelfth -centuries, and is very beautiful, both externally and internally. -The façade is richly ornamented with bands of carving and small open -galleries, and the chancel internally is on a much higher level than -the nave, and is approached by a great flight of steps, giving it a -most dignified appearance. - -After leaving San Michele we tried to find our way to the station; no -easy matter, as we found to our cost. We think we must have made the -circumference of the city three times before an Italian boy, rather -more intelligent than his fellows, at last pointed us out a place which -proved to be the station, from whence we returned to Milan. - -The Brera Gallery contains a magnificent collection of pictures. In an -article like this it is impossible to give a detailed description of -these paintings, and a mere list of works of art is both uninteresting -and uninstructive; besides which no description of pictures is of any -value unless it is prefaced by an account of the various schools to -which the artists belong—a task which has been admirably done already -by Miss Emily Macirone in the pages of this magazine. However, we may -mention that the gallery is a complete history of Italian art. - -To commence with, we find a good example of Giotto, who (as our girls -will see from the excellent chart of the chief painters of the various -schools of art, page 629 of our Annual for 1886) flourished in the -commencement of the fourteenth century. As on a future occasion we -shall have to speak of this painter, when describing the Arena Chapel -at Padua, all we shall say at present is that one should not attempt -to criticise him or the works of this early Italian school by mere -isolated pictures found in galleries. Of course in the days of Giotto -Italian art was more or less in its infancy, and the mechanical -knowledge possessed by these fourteenth century painters was meagre, -therefore we must not expect to find grand effects of chiaroscuro, -neither is the rich colour of the later school to be discovered. - -Of the more perfected early Italian school we find works by Luca -Signorelli, Giovanni Bellini, whom we shall find far better represented -in Venice, and the excellent Francia, whose lovely picture of “Mater -Dolorosa” in our National Gallery is so well known to our girls. We -find, also, works of Raffaelle, Leonardo da Vinci and his pupil, Luini. -But the best represented painters in the Brera are the later Venetian -school, especially Titian, Tintoretto, and Paul Veronese. The great -glory of the collection is Raffaelle’s picture of the marriage of the -Virgin. The arrangement of this picture at first struck us as being -extremely formal. We find in the background a twelve-sided temple -crowned with a dome, standing directly in the middle of the picture. -The architecture of this temple has been severely criticised; but it by -no means follows that because Raffaelle thought the structure suitable -for his picture he would ever have built anything like it. In front -of the temple is a very formal pavement divided into large squares. -All the figures are grouped together immediately in the foreground. -The High Priest stands in the centre, holding the hands of Mary and -Joseph. Behind Joseph are many youths, and behind Mary are a number of -women—five in each group, thus keeping up the symmetrical arrangement -which runs throughout the whole picture. There is a charming grace -about the head of Mary and the two women standing immediately behind -her. May we call them the bridesmaids? - -Joseph and the youths who accompany him are represented with rods, but -it will be noticed that Joseph’s rod is crowned with five blossoms, -probably of the almond. Several explanations have been given of this. -The most poetical supposes it refers to an ancient legend that Mary had -several suitors, as would be almost certain to be the case of a maiden -of the house of David, possessed, moreover, of great personal beauty. -The legend records that the various suitors each cut a rod, which they -laid in the temple, and that after a time Joseph’s rod was discovered -to have blossomed. Some writers suppose that the youths breaking the -rods refer to an ancient custom practised in Jewish marriages. - -The picture is extremely beautiful in colour, brilliant and well -preserved. We venture to suggest that the very symmetrical and formal -arrangement of the picture may have resulted from its having been -intended as the centre portion of a group of compositions. - -Titian is best represented by the frequently engraved picture of St. -Jerome—a work full of grand power and magnificent chiaroscuro. Leonardo -da Vinci’s work in the gallery is one of very great interest, as it is -a study for the head of the Saviour for his mighty work of the Last -Supper. - -As the evening approaches, we dine at one of the perfect _ristoranti_ -of Milan and proceed by rail to Verona. On our way we were captivated -by the charming manners of the peasantry; for we travelled third class, -and thus had a capital opportunity of judging. It was a _fête_ day -at some of the towns our train called at, and there were fireworks, -and every evidence of village festivity. But although there was great -demand for seats in the train, we saw nothing of drunkenness nor heard -coarse language, or anything resembling a vulgar cockney crowd—or, for -the matter of that, the vulgar, well-dressed competitors for best seats -who visit such civilising entertainments as the Monday or Saturday -Popular and other London concerts! No, the Italian peasantry could -teach wonderful lessons in kindness and self-respect to their betters -of England! We reached Verona at midnight, and put up at a delightfully -old world hotel and slept the sleep of—well, the tired, until the sun -next morning reminded us of another happy day in store for us. - -And now there arises before us a scene which will never be absent -from the recollection of either bachelor. A broad and rapidly-flowing -river, spanned by a lofty bridge, pierced by a great circle between the -centremost arches, like the eye of some vast Cyclops. Banks covered -with ancient tiled-roofed houses, above which rise an indescribable -mass of domes, towers, spires, pinnacles, and lofty walls, crowned by -forked battlements; the whole backed up by undulating hills, clad with -the deep green of the cypress groves, amongst which arise the round -towers of a strange-looking castle. Is this the recollection of some -picture we have seen, some place we have dreamt of, or is it a reality? - -The question seems further from being solved as we wander through -the streets and squares of the poetical city. Every step brings -us in the presence of some wondrous recollection of the past, and -there is nothing to fasten down our ideas to the present time. Fresh -dreams arise in every street. What is this vast oval structure, with -its countless arches, reminding one of the great Colosseum at Rome? -Ruinous, it is true; but as we enter it, strange to say, it seems to -have suddenly awakened from its dream of sixteen centuries. Alas! it -awakens us also, for what do we see but in the centre of this great -arena the hanky-panky tricks of modern horsemanship and hear the stale -jokes of a modern English clown! Let us, however, leave this singular -scene of anachronism and again wander and dream. - -This time there rises before us a series of lofty sculptured -tombs, each crowned by a spire, surmounted by the figure of a man -on horseback, separated from the roadway by some delicate metal -work, wrought by the hand of a thirteenth-century blacksmith into a -bewildering combination of quatrefoils, and supported by graceful -marble columns, each bearing the image of a saint or angel. To complete -the picture, the whole is backed up by a venerable-looking church, -with a low, tile-covered steeple and roof, plain enough but for a -beautiful marble monument placed above the doorway. It is difficult -to imagine anything more enchanting in the way of architecture than -this extraordinary cemetery, filling up the centre of one of the small -squares of the city. - -We wander on again, and find ourselves in front of a noble Gothic -church, with a façade shaded by two mighty arches, one over the other, -and beneath the lowermost a richly-carved doorway. We enter, and a -superb picture is presented to our view. A Gothic church of exquisite -proportion and rich detail, gleaming with coloured decoration, to -which the softening touch of time has lent harmony and mellow tints. -A pavement of variegated marble is beneath our feet. Two queer little -statues, supporting holy water basins, attract our attention, and a -voice seems to whisper in our ear, “I Gobbi.” Need we say that this is -the Church of St. Anastasia in Verona. - -It would be impossible to give our girls anything like a description of -the very interesting objects in this beautiful city, or adequately to -express the feelings with which one wanders about its streets. It is -said that “Music hath charms to soothe the savage breast,” and the man -must indeed be a savage who would not feel the same soothing influence -in looking at Verona. - -Everything, from its sweet-sounding name, seems to breathe poetry and -music into the mind. - -One seems to exist in a realm of fancy, and little imagination is -required to people it again with Montagues and Capulets. - -How strange it is that our great poet should have managed to have so -thoroughly embodied the ideas which Verona impresses upon the mind in -_Romeo and Juliet_, without having seen the place! When one reads the -play who has seen Verona, it seems almost impossible to believe that -Shakespeare did not draw his picture from the place itself. - -(_To be continued._) - -[Illustration] - - - - -LITTLE KARIN.[1] - -Translated from the Swedish by the Rev. LEWIS BORRETT WHITE, D.D. - - - Among the serving maidens - In the young king’s royal Hall, - None shone like little Karin, - A star among them all. - - Just like a star she shone forth, - Among the serving folk, - And thus the young king, smiling, - To little Karin spoke. - - “Oh, hear thou, little Karin, - Oh, say thou wilt be mine; - Grey horse and golden saddle - Shall surely then be thine.” - - “Grey horse and golden saddle, - They are not meet for me; - To thy young queen oh, give them, - Leave me with honour free.” - - “Oh, hear thou, little Karin, - Oh, say thou wilt be mine, - My crown all bright and golden - Shall surely then be thine.” - - “Thy crown so bright and golden, - It is not meet for me; - To thy young queen oh, give it, - Leave me with honour free.” - - “Oh, hear thou, little Karin, - Oh, say thou wilt be mine; - The half my royal kingdom - Shall surely then be thine.” - - “The half thy royal kingdom, - It is not meet for me; - On thy young queen bestow it, - Leave me with honour free.” - - “Oh, hear thou, little Karin, - If thou wilt not be mine, - There is a spikéd barrel - I’ll have thee placed within.” - - “Though there’s a spikéd barrel, - And I am placed within, - God’s angels will behold me, - That I am free from sin.” - - So placed they little Karin, - In spikéd barrel bound, - And the king’s cruel horseboys, - They rolled it round and round. - - Then two white doves from Heaven - Came down so peacefully, - They took up little Karin, - And then the doves were three. - -[1] Translation of an old and very popular Swedish ballad supposed -to date from the days of the first introduction of Christianity, and -to record the constancy of a Christian girl—proof against both the -allurements and the threats of her heathen master. - -[Illustration] - - - - -THE INHERITANCE OF A GOOD NAME. - -BY LOUISA MENZIES. - - -CHAPTER I. - -That this world is only a very small part of the universe, and that the -life of man upon this globe is but a very small part of that eternity -to which he is heir, is indicated by a thousand circumstances in the -life of every day, and by none more strikingly than by the failures, -the disappointments, the total eclipses which sweep from our sight into -the undiscovered country many a soul resplendent in promise, leaving -no record of them but in the faithful memories of the few who knew and -loved them. - -“He whom God loveth, dieth early,” said the thoughtful heathen, and -it must be confessed that we are all disposed to hang garlands on our -tombstones and to make heroes of our dead. Flaws of temper and other -foibles which marred the perfection of those who were most familiar to -us while they were tossed to and fro on the billows of this troublesome -world, are forgotten for ever when the lines of care and thought are -smoothed from the brow on which Death has laid his finger. - -No young soldier left the Crimea with greater distinction or greater -promise than Michael Fenner, the son of a house which traced back -its ancestors to the reign of Elizabeth, and to which honour and -piety had always been dearer than riches. He had entered the army -with the true chivalrous desire to fight for the right, to help the -weak, and confound the tyrant, and, a Christian in heart and soul, -he had maintained the simplicity and purity of his life alike in -the battlefield, in weary marches, and in seasons of sickness and -depression. - -Self-denying, gracious, and cheery, he was welcome as the sun in -springtime, and many a groan was stifled and many a muttered curse -was turned into a blessing at the sight of his kindly blue eyes, at -the sound of his brotherly voice, so that no one grumbled when he was -gazetted captain in his eight and twentieth year. - -Captain Michael Fenner in active service, and with the modest fortune -which he had inherited from his parents, thought it no indiscretion -to marry the lady of his love, Margaret Echlin, the daughter of the -Rector of Oldborough, a village in Warwickshire, which his family had -lived in for many years, and people called her a lucky woman; for what -distinction was impossible to a man who had already done so much and -done it so well? Nor was the promise of happiness altogether belied. -Eight years of happy wedded life followed the happy marriage; two -healthy children, Mark and Eveline, brightened their home; and as those -were years of peace, Michael was seldom long absent from his family. - -The Fenners were not rich; but as they neither of them desired riches, -and both had the happy knack of enjoying what they had without pining -for what they had not, they took their lives as the gift of the Good -Father, and so all was good to them. - -But there came a day of sore trial, of bitter sorrow to Margaret, of -trial and sorrow which Michael could not share. It was a day of a -great review, and Michael and his regiment were to take part in it. -His children will remember to their dying day the bright face that -kissed them, the gay plumes, the flash of gold and steel, and all the -brilliant show that rode forth from the barrack yard. - -Half an hour, and the accident had happened which made them orphans -and their mother a widow. Captain Fenner was riding a young horse -unaccustomed to the London streets; he had ridden it in the country -for some months, and being a perfect horseman, mounted without -apprehension, but, unhappily, the nervous creature took fright, and, -after a wild rush of some two or three hundred yards, flung his rider -heavily on the pavement. To the amazement and horror of everyone he was -taken up lifeless. Without a word, without a look, he was gone for ever -from among men. - -The event was too solemn to be mourned in the ordinary way. Men gazed -at each other with white, awestruck faces, and spoke beneath their -breath, as he was borne back to the home which he had just quitted in -full health and strength. How many weak-hearted, weak-willed men, who -lived for their own pleasure, with scarce a consciousness of the higher -life, might have been taken and the world not palpably the worse; but -this strong-hearted, strongwilled man, on the very threshold of a noble -career, lay slain by what seemed the merest accident in the heart of -his native country, almost within sound of his children’s voices. -“Truly the Lord’s ways are not our ways, and they are wonderful in our -eyes.” - -Margaret sat stunned in her sorrow. Deep in her smitten heart lay the -consciousness that with him all was well; softly in the sleepless night -she whispered his name, softly her cold hands lingered on the heads -and hair of her children; but her eyes were dry, her voice dead within -her, until her friends, in a mistaken hope of helping her, consulted -together in her hearing about taking away the children. Then the strong -chill gave way, the blood rushed into her pale cheeks, she stood up, -and, holding each child by the shoulder, she looked into the faces of -her amazed friends. - -“Bear with me,” she said; and her voice was dry and hard, but it became -more natural as she proceeded. “Bear with me for awhile; I am weak, but -I shall be strong in time. These are Michael’s children; you must not -take them from me.” Then bending down to her children she kissed them, -praying them also to be patient with her, and said they would help each -other, and, from that day forward she was first in their thoughts, they -in hers. With patient care she devoted herself to all the duties of -that sad time, and when Michael Fenner was laid to rest in the country -churchyard, where many of his forefathers slept, she set herself to -master all the circumstances of her position, and to ascertain the -means at her disposal for her own maintenance and the maintenance and -education of her children. Friends shook their heads and pitied “those -poor Fenners,” but there was not one with whom Margaret would have -changed lots; for had she not the memory of her love and the care of -those little children who were his as well as hers? - -A careful consideration of her circumstances convinced Mrs. Fenner that -it would not be desirable for her to inhabit the house at Oldborough, -for though it was a modest house enough for a family to live in, she -felt herself unequal to manage the farm which belonged to it, and she -knew that her pension would not enable her to keep it up comfortably, -besides, before long it would be necessary for Mark at least to go -to school, and the nearest town was ten miles from Oldborough. So -Oldborough Lodge was let to an Indian family who were in search of just -such a home, and the farm was retained by the farmer, who had held it -ever since Michael’s father had died, some fifteen years before; while -Mrs. Fenner and her children moved to a pretty little cottage, which -was fortunately to let, near the ancient city of Sunbridge, in the -parish adjacent to which her brother was rector, because she was deeply -attached to her brother, and because both he and his wife were of -opinion that it would be a great advantage to Mark to study with their -son Gilbert, until the boys should be old enough to go to school. - -The Rev. James Echlin, Rector of Rosenhurst, near Sunbridge, was one of -those amiable and accomplished men, to whom, in their curate period, -everything seems possible, everything probable; and when it was -announced that Lady Elgitha Manners, aunt to the young Earl of Seven -Beeches, had determined to bestow her inestimable self and all the -weight of her aristocratic connections upon him, it was accepted as an -event quite within the range of the proprieties, and the favoured few -among his congregation to whom the great news was first communicated, -assured each other that it was no wonder, and that they should see -him a bishop before many years were over their heads. The Reverend -James, who, like his sister, was disposed to think rather too humbly -of himself, was amazed at his own good fortune, and meekly submitted -himself to it; but his wise father shook his head, and his mother, -though rather dazzled by the brilliancy of the connection, felt that it -would have been more comfortable if James had married a woman more in -their own rank. Indeed, the man who marries a wife, who condescends to -his alliance, is seldom to be envied, and, though James Echlin’s sweet -nature prevented his chafing under it, it was by no means good for him -or for his children that the Lady Elgitha, in right of her superior -knowledge of the world, and of her family connections, exercised the -_summum imperium_ in all household arrangements. - -Of their eight children only two, Gilbert Manners, the eldest, and -Elgitha Manners, the youngest, lived past infancy. Gilbert was a -handsome boy, well grown and vigorous enough, but Elgitha was long a -frail, little maid, who seemed likely to be added to the row of tiny -mounds under the chancel window, which were all that remained to tell -of the six infant Manners Echlins who had spread their wings and joined -the innumerable throng of infant angels. - -Like most ruling ladies, the Lady Elgitha had her favourite, and this -favourite was—as was but natural—her son: for had he not paid her the -initiatory compliment of inheriting her aquiline features? and as he -grew up were not his tastes and feelings in charming harmony with her -own? While a child in the nursery he eschewed fairy tales “as rubbish,” -and when he became a boy, and went to school, learning as learning was -a bore; and he early adopted it as a maxim to give his attention to -nothing that “didn’t pay”—an expression which charmed his mother by its -shrewdness, but strangely chilled his father, who, in all his life, had -never taken such a consideration into account. - -With a sense of the vital importance of modern languages which is -impressed on the brain of our female aristocracy, Lady Elgitha had -imported to Sunbridge first a Parisian _bonne_, then a German; and -Gilbert, Mark, and Eveline had the opportunity of acquiring a _patois_ -which familiarised them with the names of ordinary things, and, it may -be, facilitated their subsequent studies in both languages; but little -Elgitha was too delicate in the early years of her life to be trusted -either to _bonne_ or _fräulein_, and she was permitted to repose on -the ample bosom of a comfortable Englishwoman, who was as sweet as -a clover-field and about as intelligent; and while she nursed and -tended the frail little body, had not the remotest notion of in any -way disturbing the little brain, but was more than satisfied to see -repeated in his little daughter the features and the sweetness of her -father. - -When Gilbert had attained his seventh year, Lady Elgitha decreed -that an erudite curate should be sought out, who, in addition to his -clerical duties, should instruct both boys in the mysteries of the -Latin grammar, and should prepare Gilbert for Eton, and Mark for the -local grammar school, which had a very good reputation; and so, for -three years, the boys worked together under the guidance of the Rev. -Theophilus Wilkins, who, having rather overtaxed his brain by taking a -“double first” at Oxford, was not sorry to rest a little by going back -to first principles with the cousins, the elder of whom was interesting -as the grandson of an earl, while the orphanage of the younger could -hardly fail to awaken his sympathy. - -As was natural, Gilbert took the lead, and was always the person most -considered, but Mark had an innate love of learning, which made him -accept with eagerness whatever was offered to him. From the day when -a six years’ child he spelt out the mysteries of “haec musa” to that -when he gave proof of accomplished scholarship by carrying off the -first honours of his school, it never occurred to Mark to clip his -studies by a careful selection of what would carry him through an -examination, too much engrossed by learning to count personal profit -or want of profit in the matter; while Gilbert from his tenderest -years showed a precocious esteem for “what would pay” and a profound -unwillingness to learn anything for its own sake; so that when he was -ten years old, it being found that Mark was in all respects in advance -of his cousin, Lady Elgitha decreed that it was waste of time for Mark -to study at home any longer, and that Gilbert had better be sent to -one of those feeders of Eton where the subjects of study are strictly -narrowed to suit the demands of that seat of learning; and in due -course Gilbert Manners Echlin, having passed through the congenial mill -of the Rev. Edward Thornborough, at Staines, took a good place on his -entrance, and was fairly launched into the sea of public school life. -His grandfather and his uncle being earls, and his father a parson, he -was not particularly badgered on his first coming; he was sufficiently -aristocratic in countenance and bearing to pass muster with the boys, -and sufficiently ready with his lessons to escape the censure of -masters. - -Mark Fenner, meanwhile, diligently attended the Grammar School at -Sunbridge, walking to and fro summer and winter, wet and dry, and, -with his bright, cheery face and steady ways, won the love of masters -and of boys, and worked his way with quiet perseverance to the top of -the school. It never occurred to him to envy Gilbert his fine clothes -or the guineas he jingled in his pockets when he came to the cottage -to say good-bye; and he submitted with an easy grace to the airs -of patronage which his cousin assumed. It was natural, he thought, -that his Aunt Elgitha’s son should go to Eton, and it was equally -natural and right that he himself should work out his lessons without -other aid than that of dictionary and grammar by the light of his -mother’s lamp in the cottage parlour, occasionally refreshing himself -by a half-unconscious glance at the enlarged photograph over the -mantelpiece, which was the only portrait they had of their father, and -which, dull and poor as it was in comparison with the bright presence -which had passed away, was yet an outward visible sign of it very dear -to the three who called the cottage home. - -In countenance Mark was not at all like his father, resembling his -mother in feature and complexion; but many a time and oft the widow’s -heart beat and tears rose in her eyes as she recognised in her boy -traits which assured her of that higher affinity of heart and mind -which is infinitely deeper than any trick of feature or complexion. It -is a mistake to suppose that because boys are often rough in speech and -careless in manner there is any reason for it in their boyhood, and -though the braggart and the bully naturally attract most attention, and -do what they can to spoil the beauty of the little republics in which -they live, we confidently believe that there are hundreds of boys who -have no taste for bullying and coarse talking any more than for lying -and thieving, and who pass through their school career pure in speech -and gentle in nature. Certainly Mark Fenner never need have blushed -if his mother had heard all he said any more than if she had read the -thoughts of his heart; yet Mark was almost as good in the cricket-field -as in the school-room, he was an adroit swimmer, a stout wrestler, and, -better than all, an excellent walker. - -Eveline, who was just two years younger than her brother, was a bright, -healthy damsel, not specially clever, but one of those girls who have -a truly feminine and harmonising influence in families, modest and -happy in temper, always more occupied by care for others than for -herself. She had acquired most of her knowledge from her mother, and -would have been pronounced by many a young lady of the nineteenth -century “frightfully ignorant.” I am afraid it would have cost her some -thought to define what is meant by physical, political, and commercial -geography; physiology as a science was unknown to her, but she had been -an apt pupil in those graces which no board of examiners can gauge, but -without which English homes would never have been the desire and the -admiration of foreigners, the safety and the comfort of her sons. - -Eveline was sufficiently well-read to take an interest in wholesome -books and understand political questions, when they were discussed; and -for this she was much indebted to her uncle, with whom she was a great -favourite, and whom she often accompanied on his parish rambles, when -he beguiled the way and relieved his own heart by gently philosophising -after a fashion too ideal to find favour with Lady Elgitha, but which -sounded very sweetly in the ears of the young Eveline. - -And so the years sped on. Gilbert had left Eton with fair credit, but -without having attained any distinction, and was making up his mind -what he should do next—a process that occupied him some months, and -which, but for the pressure of circumstances, which his mother regarded -as cruel, he might never have achieved; but she was well aware that -his father could not live for ever, that her fortune would be too -small to support him, when divided, as by her father’s will it must -be, between her children. The church, the army, the bar, which was it -to be? The church was perhaps the easiest; it would not cost Gilbert -much trouble to take a respectable degree, and there was a good living -in the family; but the living was in Northamptonshire, in a part of -the country which Gilbert knew and did not admire; besides, a country -life, even with all the amenities of Sunbridge within easy reach, did -not suit him. He would have preferred the army if he could have been -guaranteed against heavy campaigning, and if the examinations for the -higher branches of the service had not been so stiff. As to law, it -was horrid all round, absolutely nothing to be got without burning the -midnight oil, a process to which, in its classic sense, Gilbert had a -special objection, though he testified no aversion to midnight gas. So -the months passed, until the time came for Mark to leave school, which -he did after having been captain for a couple of years, with a long row -of charmingly-bound prize books and a very good scholarship to Trinity -College, Cambridge. - -Then Lady Elgitha, finding her son no nearer to a conclusion, decreed -that he also should go to Cambridge; all her family who were not in -the army had gone to Cambridge; but as Gilbert had not the gift of -plodding, a smaller college, his father’s, Corpus, was chosen for him. -Boys of his age seldom cared for the church; he would probably come -round in a year or two, and then he would be in the right road for it. - -Mark was sure to do well. He had had nothing to do at Sunbridge but -work, whereas poor Gilbert had been so distracted at Eton by games, -society, etc., etc. Mark would distinguish himself. He could hardly -help doing so, and no doubt would be glad of the opportunity to do his -cousin a service in return for the many benefits he and his mother and -sister had received from his uncle. - -The seven years which the boys had spent apart, except during holidays, -had widened the natural gulf between them; and when Mark, in obedience -to his aunt’s wish, offered to read with Gilbert, he found the task -no easy one. Gilbert professed an abomination for mathematics, and by -his ignorance of the first principles, seemed to justify the opinion -generally entertained of the perfection in which the study is ignored -in the old schools. - -“It’s just horrid, old man!” he exclaimed one morning, after -half-an-hour’s study, thrusting his long fingers through his fair hair. -“I’m awfully sorry for you having to grind away at it.” - -“But I like it!” said Mark, mind and eyes deep in his geometry. “Just -listen, Gilbert. I do think I see another solution.” - -“Another solution!” cried Gilbert, in despair. “Just as if one was not -enough.” - -“But it’s so interesting,” persisted Mark. “If you’d only give your -mind to it, I’m sure you’d like it; it is so pretty.” - -“Where’s the good? I’m not going in for a don. I shall scrape -through when the time comes, never fear. Hullo! There’s St. Maur and -Tullietudlem in a tandem. Splendid, isn’t it? How will Tullie ever get -that wild filly of his round the corner? There! I knew it. Down goes -the old woman—wagon, Tullie, and St. Maur on the top of her. There’ll -be a row!” - -“They’ll have something to pay, at all events,” said Mark, looking up, -but still deep in his problem. - -“Never a bit. A sovereign to the old woman. She’s used to it. Nothing -will ever teach Tullie to handle the ribbons. Never could at Eton; and -his sister’s such a splendid whip. I wonder where they were going to! -Newmarket, perhaps. St. Maur’s uncle is running a two-year-old. O, -bother, Mark! I can’t be worried now. The very look of those figures -makes me sick! I shall get up enough to scrape through, never fear. I’m -strong in classics.” - -“All right, old fellow,” said Mark, shutting up his book. “Then you -won’t want me. Tell me if you do, you know. I’ll come in any day.” - -“Thanks, a thousand times. It is no good working against the grain, is -it? My head is all in a whirl with that stupid geometry.” - -Internally wondering at the stupefying effect of the geometry he had -not done on his cousin’s brain, but too happy to escape to his own -quiet room, Mark Fenner ran with the speed of a lover across the -familiar flags, and buried himself until lunch time in his favourite -study. - -At half-past one his friend, John Mildmay, came in for lunch and for a -chat; and the lads ate their bread-and-butter and pressed beef, flanked -with a jug of college ale, with a keen appetite and much pleasant -talk about men and things. The meal ended, they started for their -afternoon walk along the banks of the Cam, interchanging many a cheery -greeting with friends on land and river, invigorating mind and body by -sufficient and temperate exercise, and taking care to be back in time -for “chapel,” which they attended in the loveliest of chapels—aëry and -exquisite King’s. - -So to Mark Fenner Cambridge was what it should be—a home of -intellectual effort, of happy and reposeful thought, sweetened by the -companionship of chosen friends, mostly men of very moderate means like -himself, to whom the Alma Mater was holding out her protecting arms. -Some men of his cousin’s set made overtures to him—men whose fathers -remembered his father; but Mark had the courage to decline their -invitations, and to keep to the work he had set himself to do; and when -the term was ended, and the lads went home, Mark’s cheeks were round -and rosy, while Gilbert looked so thin and pale that his mother was -alarmed lest he had been doing too much. - -“Very possibly, my dear,” said the rector, to whom she imparted her -fears, with his sweet sad smile, “but not too much work; Gilbert is -innocent of that, I am sure.” - -“I do not think you ever have understood the poor boy, James. He is -not a book-worm, like Mark, of course, no Manners ever was; it is -unfortunate for him that he does take so much after my family.” - -“You are the best judge of that, Elgitha; he certainly does not appear -to me much to resemble any of my people. Perhaps, as far as this world -is concerned, it is all the better for him.” - -“I don’t know why you should say that, James,” said Lady Elgitha, -rather reproachfully; “surely your lot has fallen in pleasant places.” - -“I did not mean to complain, my dear; my fortune is much above my -deserts. If I should like to see Gilbert more studious, it is perhaps -from a selfish wish to have him more in sympathy with myself—not that I -am much of a student, I am but an idle fellow, God help me, enjoying my -pleasant, easy life here with you, Margaret, and the girls.” - -“Everybody must be happy in his own way,” said Lady Elgitha. “Gilbert -would never be happy as a parson; it is my belief that he wants an -active life. I must write to the Earl about him—something in the -Treasury now.” - -“My dear, your nephew cannot nominate as your father and grandfather -did. Gilbert must stand the test of an examination; if he cannot -satisfy the examiners, no amount of blue blood will avail him.” - -“According to that, Mark will have the best chance in the world.” - -“And everywhere else,” said the rector. “I only wish our Gilbert had -half the chances of Margaret’s fatherless boy. Michael Fenner, though -dead, has done more for his son than I for mine. Gilbert is selfish, -idle, almost illiterate, and I look with shame on the virtues of my -nephew who has had so much less done for him.” - -“Why, Rector, what has given you such a fit of the blues this -afternoon?” exclaimed Lady Elgitha, regarding him with amazed alarm. - -The rector attempted some jest, and calling his little daughter, set -out on his usual afternoon peregrination, while Lady Elgitha, seriously -disturbed, reflected whether it would be advisable to calm his troubled -mind by a course of globules, or to divert his thoughts by a dinner -party or a tennis tournament. - -(_To be continued._) - -[Illustration] - - - - -VARIETIES. - - -OTHER PEOPLE’S VANITY.—What renders the vanity of others insupportable -is that it wounds our own.—_La Rochefoucauld._ - - -BUSY WITH TRIFLES.—Those who bestow too much application on trifling -things become generally incapable of great ones.—_La Rochefoucauld._ - - -HEADS AND HEARTS.—A man with a bad heart has been sometimes saved by a -strong head, but a corrupt woman is lost for ever.—_Coleridge._ - - -LOVE-LETTERS.—To write a good love-letter, you ought to begin without -knowing what you mean to say and to finish without knowing what you -have written.—_Rousseau._ - - -LOVERS’ TALK.—The reason why lovers are never weary of being together -is because they are always talking of themselves. - - -A TALE OF A YORKSHIRE WIFE. - -The Yorkshire people of the West Riding, according to Mrs. Gaskell, are -“sleuth hounds” after money, and in illustration of this characteristic -we may take the following anecdote:— - -Not far from Bradford an old couple lived on their farm. The good -man had been ill for some time, when the practitioner who attended -him advised that a physician should be summoned from Bradford for a -consultation. - -The doctor came, looked into the case, gave his opinion, and, -descending from the sick-room to the kitchen, was there accosted by the -old woman with “Well, doctor, what is your charge?” - -“My fee is a guinea.” - -“A guinea, doctor! a guinea! And if you come again will it be another -guinea?” - -“Yes.” - -“A guinea, doctor! Hech!” - -The old woman rose and went upstairs to her husband’s bedroom, and the -doctor, who waited below, heard her say— - -“He charges a guinea, and if he comes again it’ll be another guinea. -Now, what do you say? If I were ye I’d say no, like a Britoner; and I’d -die first.” - - -PLEASANT SURPRISES.—Human nature is pliable, and perhaps the -pleasantest surprises of life are found in discovering the things we -can do when forced. - - -AN OBSTACLE TO HAPPINESS.—There is in all of us an impediment to -perfect happiness—namely, weariness of the things which we possess and -a desire for the things which we have not. - - - - -ANSWERS TO CORRESPONDENTS. - - -EDUCATIONAL. - -MISS BEALE, ADA CROSSLEY, DELECTUS, ADMIRER OF THE G. O. P., CONSTANCE -SUTHERLAND, GERTRUDE and RONVAD, MARDI, TADMAN and CROSSLEY.—We thank -Miss Beale for sending us the prospectus of the Guild of the Cheltenham -Ladies’ College, the object of which is to give information to its -old pupils and others, of essay, reading, and other societies, so as -to help in their own self-improvement and in work for others; general -secretary, Mrs. Ashley Smith, Ivy House, Bilston, Staffordshire. Miss -Tadman is thanked for her prospectus of the Kingston Reading Club, of -which she is hon. secretary; her address is 100, Coltman-street, Hull, -Yorkshire. Mardi is also thanked for that of the Glamorgan Reading -Society, of which Miss C. Lewis is the hon. secretary; address, 49, -Richmond-road, Cardiff, Wales. She wishes it to be understood that it -is not confined to Glamorganshire. Our other correspondents above-named -we may refer to the shilling “Directory of Girls’ Clubs” (Griffith and -Farran, St. Paul’s-churchyard, E.C.), where they will find what they -require. Machiavelli’s works are translated into French by Periés, -1823-6, in twelve volumes, and Macaulay wrote an essay upon them. March -24th, 1869, was a Wednesday. Eleven early-rising societies are named in -the directory, including Miss Kempe’s. - - -ART. - -DIE JUNGE MAUS.—Although you have attained to the patriarchal age -of twenty-one, and your bones have only just become hard, we see no -objection to your learning to paint. There are works on the subject you -name in French as well as English. Write to the publisher, Mr. Tarn. -Ours is the editorial department. - -EMILY KAIGHIN.—A milking-stool is round in the seat, about ten inches -in diameter, and has three wooden legs sloping outwards. People use -it more as a means for the practice of their artistic ideas than as a -restful appliance. - -MAY.—To remove a photo from a dirty mount, cut away all the margin of -the latter and put it to float in a plate of clean tepid water. Should -it fail to become detached, hold it with the back near the fire, and -you will then peel it off. Sometimes a solution of indiarubber is used -in mounting (improperly so, we think), and this is the best plan to -adopt in such a case. - -PHOTO.—The medium mentioned in “Photographine” is sold with the -apparatus for the art. - -A. M. B.—To acquire the art of painting on glass or china, you might be -taken as an apprentice at various firms, such as that of Mr. Cameron, -69, Wigmore-street, Cavendish-square. W.; or the Messrs. Powell, of -the Whitefriars Glass Company, Whitefriars-street, E.C. This company -receives ladies, who work in a separate room for six hours daily, and -four on Saturdays. The Messrs. Simpson and Messrs. Mortlock likewise -employ ladies. The average earnings are from £60 to £70 per annum for -the lower branches of art, and as much as £100 for the higher. - -BULL FINCH.—We must refer you to the answer above given to “A. M. B.” -You will find plenty of designs for tile and china painting in the -volumes of the G. O. P. You need not look further. - -WOULD-BE PROFESSIONAL.—Certainly, a livelihood could be made out of -wood engraving, but then you should have more than one qualification -for it. Practical skill, persevering industry, good sight, a firm, -steady, yet delicate touch, and natural artistic taste. The work has -the advantage of being home work, and needs little outlay—a good set of -tools, and the boxwood blocks purchased as required. A skilled engraver -can earn from £3 upwards a week. If you study at the South London -Technical Art School, 122 and 124, Kennington Park-road, you will have -£3 to pay per annum for fees, half-yearly and in advance. When you -have acquired the art, illustrate some popular work or picture initial -letters for articles, and little end sketches for the same, and take -them to publishers as specimens. You might obtain advice at the central -office of the City and Guilds of London Institute, Gresham College, -London, E.C. The director and secretary is Philip Magnus, Esq. - - -MISCELLANEOUS. - -YOUNG INQUIRER.—1. Yes, there is such a thing as a “singing flame,” -and it is not like a singing kettle nor a windy gaspipe, and is as -great a wonder as the fabulous “singing tree,” had that been real. -A very delicate jet of flame, introduced through a small pipe into -a narrow glass tube of a foot long, will respond to the singing of -any one note, if set in tune to it. Professor Tyndall says, “With a -little practice, one is able to command a flame to sing and to stop -singing, while it strictly obeys the injunction. When the proper pitch -has been ascertained the experiment is sure to succeed; and, from a -distance of twenty or thirty feet, the flame when sung to is caused -to sing responsively. If it do not respond, it is because it has not -been spoken to in the proper tone; but a note of somewhat higher pitch -causes it to stretch its tongue and sing vigorously.” 2. The 1st of -April, 1869, was a Thursday. - -FAITH, HOPE, AND CHARITY.—See “Practical Hints About the Growth of the -Hair,” in our part for July, 1885. The name Thames is derived from the -Attic word _Tamh_, signifying “quiet,” the Saxon _Temese_, the Latin -_Tamesis_. Possibly the latter may contain the origin of the name Isis, -as given to the river at Oxford. - -EILEEN.—Yes, Ireland was anciently called Insula Sacra, so Festus -Airenus affirmed; but it must be noted that this author wrote in -the fourth century, and this was before St. Patrick established -Christianity there. Also, the name given to Ireland was not exclusively -a distinctive one, for the Isle of Samothrace was also entitled the -Sacred Isle. Another name for Ireland was Muic Innis, or Isle of Muc, -Muc being the name applied to the divinity as worshipped by them, and -signified “sacred.” Beautiful as much of the country is, any visitor -would be struck with the appropriate selection of the latter name -(according to its English sound and meaning) after seeing the filthy -surroundings and habits of the natives, the pigs, poultry, and human -kind wallowing together within the same mud walls, and by preference! - -ZEARN.—A butler has the care of the wine cellar, decants the wine, -and serves it at table. He places the chief dish on the table, or -carves it at the side table, and his place is behind his master’s -chair, while the footman (if one) stands behind his mistress. The -butler also stands behind the footman when the latter opens the -hall door to visitors. The servant, improperly called a butler, who -holds a single-handed place combines the duties of both butler and -footman, with the exception of the care of the wine cellar, unless in -exceptional cases of special trust. - -A READER.—The initials R.S.V.P. are those of the French phrase -_Répondez, s’il vous plaît_, “Answer, if you please.” Painting in oils -is much easier than in water-colours, as mistakes can be rectified and -improvements made. - -HONOLULU.—The quotation you give— - - “Alas! how easily things go wrong; - A sigh too deep, or a kiss too long, - And then comes a mist and a weeping rain, - And life is never the same again,” - -is taken from “Planlastes,” a fairy story, by George McDonald. - -MARANDANA.—Introduce the inferior to the superior, the young to the -older, and, in due courtesy, the man to the woman. Read our series of -articles on good breeding, especially that entitled “The Habits of -Polite Society.” - -G. N. OETZMANN.—You might arrange your meals thus:—A cup of tea, -coffee, or cocoa, and a slice of bread and butter before starting, and -put a captain’s biscuit or two in your pocket for 11 a.m.; dine at -1 p.m.; take a cup of chocolate or tea at 4 p.m., and a substantial tea -at 7 p.m. No supper is needed after that. - -BATTENBERG.—Your handwriting is clear, but not pretty, and you must -beware of flourishes. - -A SCOTCH SUNBEAM.—We are sorry to hear that you suffer so much. Accept -our thanks for so kind and grateful a letter, and sincere wishes for -your speedy restoration. Your handwriting shows a good foundation for a -nice running hand by-and-by. - -ENGLISH CHURCHMAN.—The Orders as now existing in the Established -Church are derived from St. Augustine of Canterbury. Although St. -Joseph of Arimathea brought the Christian faith to Britain in the -first century, the reception of it was very partial, and the mission -of St. Eleutherius in the second century established a line of sixteen -archbishops, the last of whom, Theanus, was driven from his see -into Wales about 587. Here a Primitive church of Eastern origin was -already in existence, and when the second Roman mission was sent over -by Gregory, through Augustine, and established Christianity in the -south-eastern part of Britain, the little mission church in North Wales -was still existing, and protested against any usurpation of authority -by the newly-planted Church of Canterbury. At the same time we cannot -trace any Orders in the Established Church derived from them, although -we have historic evidence of a primacy in the reign of King Arthur -being removed from Caerleon to Llandaff, and thence to St. David’s. - -DAISY.—We think if you belong to the Young Women’s Christian Association -you should apply to Miss A. Gough, 17, Old Cavendish-street, W., for -information. Most of the homes of rest are open on payment of 10s. a -week. There is one at about that price at Cobham, Surrey; Church-stile -House. Apply to Miss Blunt, 3, Portman-square, W. You might also apply -to the sister in charge of St. Gabriel’s Home of Rest, Lennard-road, -Folkestone, where the terms are moderate; or St. Mary’s Home, near -Uckfield, Fletching. Apply to the lady superintendent. Designed for -ladies requiring rest or change, 10s. a week. - -MISS GOUDGE.—The phrase you give appears to be made up of certain -passages of Holy Writ. See 1st Tim. vi. 4, 5, 20, and 2nd Tim. ii. 23. - -E. A. L.—We think you had better look out the word “supernatural” in -the dictionary. - -BISHOP.—Canons are residentiary members of a cathedral chapter, of -which the dean is the chief. The office was instituted in the eighth -century, and their duty is to act as the advisers of the bishop. They -do receive salaries, varying in amount. Archdeacons take precedence of -them. They act as the representatives and delegates of the bishops, -especially in the duty of parochial visitation. Their office dates from -the fifth century. Their salary is very trifling, supposed only to -cover the cost of their journeys. A prebendary has a right to a stall -in the choir of a cathedral church and vote in the chapter, and to the -receipt of certain revenues for the performance of certain duties in -that or a collegiate church. The office was instituted in the eleventh -century, and may be held by a layman, although such cases are rare, if -actually existing. A rural dean is a beneficed clergyman charged with -the inspection of a deanery, or sub-division of an archdeaconry, under -the supervision of his bishop. The original duties of the office are -for the most part practically transferred to the archdeacon. - -W. L.—The first voyage made all round the world was by a Portuguese -commander, who sailed from San Lucas on September 20th, 1519, in the -ship _Vittoria_. The name of this pioneer navigator was Ferdinand -Magellan, giving the straits through which he passed their name. He was -killed on the Philippine Islands the following year, and Sebastian del -Cano brought the ship round the Cape of Good Hope, and arrived at San -Lucas six days within the three years’ expedition, September 6th, 1522. -Five ships formed the fleet; three lived to go through the straits with -Magellan and his crew; the _Vittoria_ was the only one that reached -home. - -AN ITALIAN GIRL.—The 30th April, 1866, was a Monday. The letters _i.e._ -represent the Latin words _id est_, or, in English, “that is,” or, more -freely translated, “that means, in other words,” when an explanation of -the words employed is required. The Jesuits were banished from Portugal -in 1759, suppressed in France 1764, in Spain 1767, and subsequently in -Naples, Parma, and Modena, and in 1773 Pope Clement XIV. issued a bull, -concluding with the words, “We do extirpate and abolish the Society of -Jesus.” In 1814 Pope Pius VII. re-established it. A large number of -Jesuit priests were executed at the time you name on account of real or -supposed political intrigues. You write a beautiful hand, and you have -our best wishes. - -SEEKER OF LIGHT.—Our blessed Lord’s atonement on the Cross was of -infinite efficacy, and our sins—even the most heinous—are those of -mere finite creatures. Thus, “He is able to save to the uttermost.” -The term “scarlet,” as applied to sin, is a figure of speech. It is -not only glaring and conspicuous, but, as produced in ancient times, -it was exceedingly durable. The Phœnicians were famous for it, and the -Tyrian purple and scarlet were produced from two little shellfish, -the _Buccinum_ and _Murex_, only found in perfection on the rocky -coast of their country. The dye when exposed to a bright light became -successively green, blue, red, and deep purple; and, by washing it -in soap and water, of a bright and permanent crimson. Costly fabrics -were twice dyed, and made so beautiful and so very durable that they -brought fabulous prices. Thus, the allusion made to a scarlet dye is -explained. However deeply dyed and stained with sin, the precious blood -of Christ can wash the sinner as white as snow. There is no limit to -its cleansing power. - -S. A. GRAY.—You would do well to advertise your autographs and take -what you can get for them from the trade, or else dispose of them by -arrangement with private friends. The _Exchange and Mart_ would be a -good advertising medium. - -THREE IGNORANT SCHOOLGIRLS.—You cannot say you play by _hear_, but by -ear. - -[Illustration: RVLES I. No charge is made for answering questions - - II. All correspondents to give initials or pseudonym - -III. The Editor reserves the right of declining to reply to any of - the questions - - IV. No direct answers can be sent to the Editor through the post - - V. No more than two questions may be asked in one letter which - must be addressed to the Editor of The Girl’s Own Paper 56 - Paternoster Row LONDON E.C. - - VI. No address of firms tradesmen or any other matter of the - nature of an advertisement will be inserted.] - - * * * * * - -[Transcriber’s Note—the following changes have been made to this text. - -Page 234: Gian-Galleazzo to Gian-Galeazzo—“those of Gian-Galeazzo”.] - -*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE GIRL'S OWN PAPER, VOL. -VIII, NO. 367, JANUARY 8, 1887 *** - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will -be renamed. - -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the -United States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. Special rules, set forth in the General Terms of Use part -of this license, apply to copying and distributing Project -Gutenberg-tm electronic works to protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm -concept and trademark. 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font-size:1.2em; font-weight:bold'>The Project Gutenberg eBook of The Girl's Own Paper, Vol. VIII, No. 367, January 8, 1887, by Various </p> -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and -most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms -of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online -at <a href="https://www.gutenberg.org">www.gutenberg.org</a>. If you -are not located in the United States, you will have to check the laws of the -country where you are located before using this eBook. -</div> - -<p style='display:block; margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:1em; margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em'>Title: The Girl's Own Paper, Vol. VIII, No. 367, January 8, 1887</p> - <p style='display:block; margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:0; margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em'>Author: Various </p> -<p style='display:block; text-indent:0; margin:1em 0'>Release Date: June 30, 2021 [eBook #65733]</p> -<p style='display:block; text-indent:0; margin:1em 0'>Language: English</p> - <p style='display:block; margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:0; margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em; text-align:left'>Produced by: Susan Skinner and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net</p> -<div style='margin-top:2em; margin-bottom:4em'>*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE GIRL'S OWN PAPER, VOL. VIII, NO. 367, JANUARY 8, 1887 ***</div> -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_225">{225}</span></p> - -<h1 class="faux">THE GIRL’S OWN PAPER</h1> - -<div class="figcenter illowp100" id="header" style="max-width: 37.5em;"> -<img class="w100" src="images/header.jpg" alt="The Girl's Own Paper." /> -</div> - -<hr class="full" /> - -<div class="center"> -<div class="header"> -<p class="floatl"><span class="smcap">Vol. VIII.—No. 367.</span></p> -<p class="floatr"><span class="smcap">Price One Penny.</span></p> -<p class="floatc">JANUARY 8, 1887.</p> -</div></div> - -<hr class="full" /> - -<p class="center">[Transcriber’s Note: This Table of Contents was not present in the original.]</p> - -<p class="center"> - - -<!-- Autogenerated TOC. Modify or delete as required. --> - -<a href="#MERLES_CRUSADE">MERLE’S CRUSADE.</a><br /> -<a href="#THE_HISTORY_OF_HOME">THE HISTORY OF HOME.</a><br /> -<a href="#THE_SHEPHERDS_FAIRY">THE SHEPHERD’S FAIRY.</a><br /> -<a href="#OUR_TOUR_IN_NORTH_ITALY">OUR TOUR IN NORTH ITALY.</a><br /> -<a href="#LITTLE_KARIN1">LITTLE KARIN.</a><br /> -<a href="#THE_INHERITANCE_OF_A_GOOD_NAME">THE INHERITANCE OF A GOOD NAME.</a><br /> -<a href="#VARIETIES">VARIETIES.</a><br /> -<a href="#ANSWERS_TO_CORRESPONDENTS">ANSWERS TO CORRESPONDENTS.</a><br /> - -<!-- End Autogenerated TOC. --> - -</p> - - - - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2 class="nobreak" id="MERLES_CRUSADE">MERLE’S CRUSADE.</h2> -</div> -<p class="ph3"><span class="smcap">By</span> ROSA NOUCHETTE CAREY, Author of “Aunt Diana,” “For Lilias,” etc.</p> - - -<div class="figcenter illowp83" id="i_225" style="max-width: 31.25em;"> - <img class="w100" src="images/i_225.jpg" alt="" /> - <div class="caption"><p class="center">“IN A MOMENT THERE WAS A FLUTTERING OF WINGS IN THE AIR.”</p></div> -</div> - -<p class="smalltext"><i>All rights reserved.</i>]</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_226">{226}</span></p> - - -<h3>CHAPTER XIII.</h3> - -<p class="ph3">THE LITTLE WORKERS IN BROWN.</p> - -<div class="ddropcapbox illowe9_375" id="i_226"> - <img class="w100 idropcap" src="images/i_226.jpg" alt="H" /> -</div><p><span class="uppercase">ow</span> delicious it is -when one is young -to wake up in a -fresh place on a -summer’s morning. -It was my belief -that the birds woke -me, there was such a -twittering under the -eaves where the house-martins -had built their -nests, such a warbling -of thrushes breakfasting -on the dewy -lawn, such a cawing of -rooks under the elm trees; such a -joyous bird-symphony altogether, while -I lay in my old-fashioned blue bed, -looking round the quaint old room and -trying to decipher the meaning of the -curious prints in their black frames. -When I was tired of this I rose and -went to the window. The kitchen -garden, with its row of beehives, was -just under the window, and beyond were -Cherrytree-lane and Squire Hawtry’s -cornfield, and then a vague blue line, -and a brown sail shimmering in the sunlight. -The sweet peacefulness of the -scene seemed to sink into my heart, -and I could have sung my <i>Te Deum</i> -with the birds.</p> - -<p>When the children were dressed and -we had finished our early breakfast, I -went to the window with Reggie while -Hannah was clearing the table. Joyce -had already climbed up on the window -seat; she was wild to go into the -garden and see auntie’s pets, and I -thought it would be no harm to humour -her fancy and defer our walk to the -shore.</p> - -<p>As we stood there Miss Cheriton came -out on the terrace. She wore a broad -brimmed hat, and long gardening -gloves, and carried a basket. She gave -a low, peculiar call, and in a moment -there was a fluttering of wings in the air, -and a crowd of pigeons came round her -feet to pick up the grain she had -scattered; the pheasants and peacocks -joined them.</p> - -<p>I thought what a pretty picture it -would have made; the old red brick -house with its ivy-covered gables in the -background; the terrace with its sundial -and antique vases; the girl in her white -gown with her beautiful pets round her, -her favourite blue pigeons eating out of -her hand.</p> - -<p>“Oh, auntie, may we come?” pleaded -Joyce; and Miss Cheriton looked up at -us and smiled and nodded, and Joyce -snatched her sun-bonnet and in a few -minutes we had joined her on the -terrace.</p> - -<p>She greeted us with evident pleasure, -and playfully held up her finger to -silence Joyce.</p> - -<p>“Don’t make a noise, my pet, -or Rolf will hear you and want to come -out; he is having his breakfast with -Aunt Adelaide; and he is so rough and -tiresome that I do not care to have him -with me just now; you shall go with me -into the poultry yard and feed the little -yellow chicks yourself.”</p> - -<p>Joyce was highly delighted at this -prospect, and trotted along in her big -white sun-bonnet, chattering as fast as -her tongue would go. When we arrived -at the poultry yard, Miss Cheriton filled -her pinafore with grain and showed her -where to throw it, and then picked up -one of the downy yellow chicks for -Reggie to kiss and hug; but he was so -unwilling to part with it that we had -some trouble to rescue the warm struggling -thing; only the speckled hen was -in such a fuss, clacking loudly in the -midst of her brood. When we had exhausted -the grain and had fed some -grey rabbits, and had peeped in at the -stables, and had bestowed a passing -attention on the big St. Bernard in his -kennel—Miss Cheriton’s chief favourite -next to her brown mare, Bonnie—we sat -down on a bench in the orchard, at some -little distance from the beehives, while -the children gathered daisies and buttercups.</p> - -<p>“I am so fond of this old orchard,” -observed Miss Cheriton, as she threw -down her empty basket and removed -her gloves, showing a pair of small -brown hands that looked very strong -and capable; “when I have nothing -else to do, I and my pets come here and -enjoy the quiet. Do you know, the peacocks -and pheasants will follow me all -over the place as closely as a dog? They -don’t mind Lion a bit; and he is as -gentle as a lamb. On Sunday afternoon -I have all the creatures round me. -Adelaide declares I waste my time -dreadfully with the beasties.”</p> - -<p>“They must give you plenty of occupation, -Miss Cheriton,” for I have -come to the conclusion that this girl -was far from idle. The care of that extensive -poultry-yard could be no sinecure’s -office, besides which the beehives -were her exclusive charge, though -I heard afterwards the gardener’s son, -Jim, was her under helper. All the live -things about the place looked to her -for food and comfort. She had a cage -full of canaries in the conservatory, and -a large grey parrot as well.</p> - -<p>“Oh, I am always with my pets and -flowers until luncheon-time,” she remarked, -carelessly; “Jim is a very -handy boy, and helps me with the rough -work. I was up at six this morning, and -we had moved half the pots in the conservatory -before breakfast. I am always -up early, except in the winter; the -world is not half awake at that time of -the year, and certainly not well lighted.”</p> - -<p>“Those beehives must be a very profitable -investment,” I observed, for I -had heard before now that people had -added largely to their incomes by keeping -bees.</p> - -<p>“You would be surprised how much -I make by my hives,” she returned. “I -have only a limited interest in the poultry -yard, and have to find chickens and -eggs for the household, but the beehives -are my own. I succeeded so well with -them last year, and I believe I shall do -just as well this autumn. I am very -proud of my bees.”</p> - -<p>“It would not be a bad plan——” I -began, and then I stopped, for I had -spoken hastily, and how could I know -if my words would be well received?</p> - -<p>“Well,” she said, with a pretty air -of impatience, “why do you stop? You -have got something dreadfully sensible -in your head, and I should like to hear -it.”</p> - -<p>“I am rather too quick with my -words,” I answered, somewhat hesitating. -“I was only thinking of what -you said last night; you were condemning -yourself very needlessly, as I think, -and comparing your means of usefulness -with Mrs. Morton’s.”</p> - -<p>“With Violet’s many-sided duties. -Well, I do not retract my words. I said -I was always amusing myself; so I am; -my bees are my playthings.”</p> - -<p>“You could make them work for you -if you chose,” I returned, quickly; “if -one of these hives, for example, were -devoted to some good purpose, if the -money you got for the honey were given -to one of those institutions in which your -sister takes such interest.”</p> - -<p>“Oh, what a nice idea,” she exclaimed, -with a bright look. “I wonder -what put that into your head. I was -rather uncomfortable having all that -money to spend on myself; I thought of -giving some to Adelaide for Rolf, only -I cannot get up an interest in that boy. -I have more than I want, for one does -not need so many dresses in the country, -and nothing will induce me to go through -a London season again. I tried it once,” -with a merry laugh, “just to please -Violet, but it nearly killed me, so I -wrote to father to take me away. I -should have liked the balls very well, -only I got so dreadfully sleepy before -they were over, and the rides in the -Row were nice, if only they would have -let me gallop, but I was nearly taken up -for furious riding once when I could not -get Bonnie to stop, and after that Alick -lectured me, and I got sick of it.”</p> - -<p>“You would not like your sister’s life, -then?”</p> - -<p>Gay shrugged her shoulders with a -gesture of disgust.</p> - -<p>“It is not life at all; it is a daily -round of harassing duties. Look what -it has done for Violet—robbed her of -spirits and bloom; she will be an old -woman before her time. The fun is -very well, but there is too much of it. -I pined for fresh air, for the garden, and -the bees, and my other pets. I am -afraid my partners thought me dreadfully -rustic; I seemed to amuse them. I -do not care for the young men in ball-rooms, -they are so vapid, and, for all -their politeness, they seemed to be laughing -at one.”</p> - -<p>I could not help smiling at this; it -was very odd she should be so frank with -me. She must have forgotten that I had -no experience of ball-rooms, and had -never danced except at school-parties, -when the girls were allowed to bring -their brothers.</p> - -<p>“You are looking satirical, Miss Fenton. -Oh, of course, I see what you -mean; but never mind, there are better -things than balls in life. For my part, -I prefer a solitary gallop on Bonnie to -Strauss’s best waltz, though I do love -dancing too, but, you see, neither Violet -nor I have been trained to a fashionable -life. We have lived in the country, have -risen early, and been in the open air -from morning to night, and now poor<span class="pagenum" id="Page_227">{227}</span> -Violet never goes to bed in time to get -a beauty sleep, and she drives instead -of taking a good walk, so no wonder her -cheeks get pale and thin.”</p> - -<p>“It is a grievous pity,” I began, but -Gay interrupted me.</p> - -<p>“Oh, it is no use talking about Violet, -I have given her up long ago; Alick has -robbed me of her entirely. Now about -your benevolent project; I mean to carry -it out. Do you know the Children’s Incurable -Hospital, Maida Vale? Violet -is always working for that. There is to -be a ‘Muriel Cot,’ in memory of the -dear little baby she lost. Now why -should I not have a ‘Children’s Hive,’ -and make those special bees gather -honey for those little incurable children. -I call that a lovely idea. Look, that -end hive under the apple tree shall be -the one. Miss Fenton, you have emancipated -me; I feel a philanthropist -already; the world will be the better for -me and my workers.”</p> - -<p>I looked at her admiringly; such a -lovely colour had come to her face, and her -eyes looked so bright and happy. I felt -I understood Gay Cheriton from that -moment. She was one of those guileless, -innocent natures that are long in throwing -off childhood. She was full of generous -impulses, frank and outspoken to a -fault; the yoke of life pressed lightly on -her; she was like an unbridled colt, that -had never felt the curb or the spur; -gentle guidance, a word from those she -loved, was sufficient to restrain her. I -knew now why Joyce had called her the -little auntie; there was an air of extreme -youth about her; she was so very lovable -that diminutiveness suited her, and -I thought her father’s pet name of humming -bird suited her exactly; she was so -quick and bright and restless, her vitality -and energy demanded constant movement.</p> - -<p>“How I am chattering!” she said at -last, “and I have all the vases to fill -before luncheon, but, as I told you last -night, I am fond of talking if I can -get anyone to listen to me. Adelaide -never will listen to me patiently; she -says I am such a chatterbox. Goodbye -for the present, Miss Fenton.” And -she tripped away, singing in such a -fresh young voice as she went down the -orchard that I did not wonder when a -little brown linnet perched on a rose-bush -answered her. I think the birds -must have loved to hear her.</p> - -<p>I sat for some time contemplating the -low white gate and the row of beehives. -I was rather pleased with the idea I had -started; a word in season sometimes -brings a rich harvest. I thought some -time of the tiny workers in their brown -livery bringing in their rich stores for -the afflicted children; and it seemed to -me that the offering would be a sweet -savour to the Master who loved -children.</p> - -<p>I fell into a reverie over it; I thought -how much might be done for others -with little cost if people would only -think; it is want of thought that clogs -usefulness. Great sacrifices are so -seldom demanded from us; we are not -now called upon to forsake all that we -hold dear and follow the Christ—little -daily duties, small hourly renunciations, -pleasures given up for some cheerful -loving service: these are the free-will -offerings that all may yield, only the -people must “give willingly.”</p> - -<p>The morning passed pleasantly in the -sunny orchard; when the children tired -of their play we went back to the house -that they might have their noonday -sleep. I was sitting alone in the -nursery, mending Reggie’s pinafore, -when I heard the clatter of noisy footsteps -in the corridor, and a moment -after the nursery latch was lifted without -ceremony, and Rolf peeped in. He had -a droll, half-ashamed expression on his -face, but it bore no trace of yesterday’s -ill-humour.</p> - -<p>“May I come in, if you please, Mrs. -New Nurse?”</p> - -<p>“My name is Miss Fenton, as I told -you yesterday; or, you may call me -Nurse if you choose. Yes; you may -come in and talk to me if you like, -Master Rolf; but you must be very quiet, -as your little cousins are asleep.”</p> - -<p>“What precious babies they must be -to sleep in the day!” he observed, disdainfully, -as he planted himself without -ceremony on the window seat. “I sit -up until ten o’clock every night; sometimes -I will not go to bed until mother -goes.”</p> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> - <div class="stanza"> - <div class="verse indent0">“‘Early to bed and early to rise,</div> - <div class="verse indent0">Makes a man healthy, wealthy, and wise,’</div> - </div> -</div> -</div> - -<p>Master Rolf.”</p> - -<p>“Wealthy means rich, doesn’t it? -Well, Juddy said I shall be a rich man -some day. I have got father’s watch -and sword now, only mother locks them -up until I am bigger. You are not rich, -eh, Miss Fenton?” peeping into my -face rather maliciously.</p> - -<p>“No, Master Rolf,” I returned, quietly.</p> - -<p>“Oh, I knew that you are only a -nurse; I heard mother and Aunt Gay -talking about you last night. Mother -said you were a poor sort, and she wondered -at Violet’s infatuation. She -thought you stuck up and disagreeable, -and not much to look at; a plain young -woman, and very disrespectful. There, -now!”</p> - -<p>“Master Rolf,” I observed, calmly, -and suppressing my inward wrath, “you -call yourself a gentleman, but I assure -you a savage shows more gentlemanly -feeling than you. Don’t you know your -mother’s words should be sacred, and -you are bound in honour not to repeat -them?” And then, as he seemed rather -impressed at this, I told him how, even -among savages and wild and uncultured -nations, the sense of hospitality and -gratitude was so strong that, when a -man had partaken of bread and salt, -broken the bread of fellowship, he was -bound in honour not to betray or injure -his host in any way; and I related to -him an anecdote of an Armenian servant, -who had long been faithful to his -master, and had defended him in many -dangers in his travels through a lawless -country.</p> - -<p>“The master,” I continued, “had -vast treasures under his care, and he -was greatly troubled when his servant -said he must leave him. Judge what -his feelings must have been when the -man coolly told him that he had entered -into a league with some banditti to rob -him of his money; that it would be -mean to remain in his service under -these circumstances, and that he had -given him warning of his intention, that -he might defend himself, and that now -they were equal.</p> - -<p>“Even this lawless robber had some -notions of honour, Master Rolf; while -he ate his master’s bread and salt he -was bound by his service not to injure -him. Now you are only a little boy, -but you ought to understand that you -also are bound not to betray your mother -or repeat her words, as long as you eat -her bread and salt; that is the way -people do so much mischief in the world, -repeating things they know are not -meant to be heard.”</p> - -<p>Rolf’s eyes sparkled.</p> - -<p>“I like that story awfully. Yes,” -and looking at me critically, “I like -you too, though you are a plain young -woman. No, I did not mean to say -that,” interrupting himself in a hurry; -“bread and salt, you know; I shall -always think of that when I am going -to tell Juddy things that mother says. -She is an old stupid, you know, and she -never has time to make a tail to my -kite, and mother says she has no patience -with her, she is such an——Oh, -oh, Miss Fenton, bread and salt! How -ever shall I remember when I want to -put Juddy in a rage?”</p> - -<p>“I daresay I shall be able to help -you with your kite,” I returned, changing -the subject, “but we shall want -plenty of string and paper.”</p> - -<p>“Oh, you nice old thing,” replied -Rolf, ecstatically. “You are not a bit -plain, not a bit; I shall tell mother I -think you lovely, and that I mean to -marry you when I grow up. Won’t she -stare at that? May I bring my kite -here this afternoon?”</p> - -<p>“No, no, my dear, not this afternoon; -we are going to the shore.”</p> - -<p>“Oh, then I will come with you. -Mother,” as Mrs. Markham appeared -at the door, and looked at us with unfeigned -surprise, “I can’t drive with -you this afternoon; I am going on the -beach with Miss Fenton and the children.”</p> - -<p class="center">(<i>To be continued.</i>)</p> - -<div class="figcenter illowp100" id="i_227" style="max-width: 21.875em;"> - <img class="w100" src="images/i_227.jpg" alt="" /> -</div> -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter"> -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_228">{228}</span></p> - -<h2 class="nobreak" id="THE_HISTORY_OF_HOME">THE HISTORY OF HOME -<br /> -<span class="smalltext">OR</span> -<br /> -DOMESTIC WAYS SINCE THE TIMES OF HENRY VIII.</h2> -</div> -<p class="ph3"><span class="smcap">By</span> NANETTE MASON.</p> - - -<h3>PART I.</h3> - -<p class="ph3">THE REIGNS OF HENRY VIII., EDWARD VI., AND -MARY I.</p> - -<div class="ddropcapbox illowe12_5" id="i_228"> - <img class="w100 idropcap" src="images/i_228.jpg" alt="I" /> -</div><p><span class="uppercase">n</span> the following -articles -we propose -to treat of -home life in -bygone days.</p> - -<p>That being -the case, our -net will be -spread wide -enough to -catch a very -miscellaneous -collection -of facts. -Nothing will -come amiss -to us that in -any way illustrates -the domestic -existence -of our -ancestors, and every reader, whatever her turn -of mind, will be sure to find something worth -taking note of.</p> - -<p>It will be a different sort of narrative from -the history of great men, or a tale of battles, -sieges, and such-like imposing circumstances. -We shall speak of houses and furniture, food -and clothing, etiquette and good manners, -wages and prices, education and superstition, -household industries and household amusements, -old recipes and domestic medicines, -the ways of the poor and the ways of the rich. -We shall make as much of needles and pins as -ordinary history-books do of swords and guns, -and a girl singing an old song will have more -attention than they give to an ambassador -negotiating a foreign treaty.</p> - -<p>The worst of it is that the subject is long, -whilst our space is of necessity short. We shall -try, however, to change that disadvantage into -an advantage, by giving only those facts that -appear most interesting. There is a pleasure, -too, when reading about a subject, to know -that the half has not been told, and that to -all who care to pursue it on their own account -a rich harvest remains yet unreaped.</p> - -<p>We are not going to begin with the time -“when wild in woods the noble savage ran,” -and homes were in caves and under the shade -of green trees; our starting-point is to be the -reign of Henry VIII., and our first article will -embrace that reign and the reigns of Edward -VI. and Queen Mary—in other words, -from 1509 to 1558.</p> - -<p>In those far-back days many things were -different from what they are now. There has -been a great advance in material comfort. Our -forefathers, no doubt, had just as much wit -and wisdom as we have; but we can boast an -advantage over them in possessing more of -the conveniences of life. In that respect, at -least, we are lucky to have been born so late.</p> - -<p>Let us not imagine, however, that they had -a bad time of it, or were discontented or -miserable because they had not everything -just like us. People do not sigh after what -they have never either seen or heard of. We -really find happiness in our affections—not -in our material surroundings, which are of -secondary importance; and it is not unreasonable -to conclude that, as human nature is always -the same, these ancestors of ours enjoyed -life in their way quite as much as we do.</p> - -<p>We start with the subject of houses and -furniture. When Henry VIII. began to reign, -well-to-do people in towns lived, as a rule, in -houses built principally of timber, the fronts -being often ornamented with rich carvings of -fanciful and grotesque objects. The upper -storeys projected; so much so, indeed, that in -a street people in the attics on either side -could almost shake hands. There was a reason -for building in this way. As the houses were -of perishable material, each storey gave protection -from the weather to the storey beneath -it.</p> - -<p>Such a quantity of timber being used, there -was a great danger of fire, and the warning of -the bellmen who proclaimed the hours of the -night in London was certainly needed, when, -to their instructions to “be charitable to the -poor, and pray for the dead,” they added, -“Take care of your fire and candle.”</p> - -<p>The labouring people in the country lived -in houses constructed of the first things that -came to hand—often nothing but wattle and -mud or clay. When the mud or clay cracked, -under the influence of summer’s heat or -winter’s frost, it was a simple matter with the -same material to “stop a hole to keep the -wind away.” Ventilation was very defective, -and Erasmus attributes the frequent sicknesses -with which England was then visited in a great -measure to the want of fresh air in the dwelling-houses.</p> - -<p>The ideas that regulated the furnishing and -decoration of the houses of the upper classes -form a marked contrast to those prevailing -nowadays. The furniture was more -massive, and there was less of it. The bedchamber -of Henry VIII. contained only a -couple of joint cupboards, a joint stool, -two hand-irons, a fire-fork, a pair of tongs, a -fire-pan, and a steel mirror covered with -yellow velvet.</p> - -<p>Carpets came into use before the reign of -Henry VIII. was far advanced, though in the -reign of Queen Mary rushes still strewed the -floor of the presence-chamber. Feather beds -were used in Henry VIII.’s reign by the upper -classes. When they went travelling, they -were no longer content with the floor or a -hard bench at halting-places, but generally -carried portable beds (packed in leather cases) -with them on horseback. In the lower ranks -of life straw pallets, or rough mats with a -round log for a pillow, formed the ordinary -provision for sleeping.</p> - -<p>Ladies’ dresses amongst the nobility in -Henry VIII.’s reign had a certain formality, -but in many points were elegant and becoming. -Early in the sixteenth century they -were made low and cut square about the neck: -the sleeves were tight at the shoulder, but -suddenly became very large and open, showing -the puffed sleeves of the under-dress. The long -skirts were worn open in front to the waist, -showing the kirtle or petticoat. Sometimes, -however, dresses were worn high, with short -waists and a small falling collar.</p> - -<p>At a little later date the sleeves of dresses -were puffed at the shoulders, and when the -dress was made open above the girdle, what -was called a “partlet”—a kind of habit-shirt—was -worn beneath it, and carried up to the -throat.</p> - -<p>Sleeves were one of the strong points of the -ladies of those times. They were independent -articles of clothing, and were attached at -pleasure to the rest of the costume. “Much -splendour,” says Mr. J. R. Planché, “was -lavished on this part of the dress, and its -various fashions were singularly quaint and -elegant.” Amongst the inventories of Henry -VIII.’s reign we find “three pair of purple -satin sleeves for women; one pair of linen -sleeves, paned with gold over the arm, quilted -with black silk, and wrought with flowers -between the panes and at the hands; one -pair of sleeves of purple gold tissue damask -wire, each sleeve tied with aglets of gold; -one pair of crimson satin sleeves, four buttons -of gold being set on each sleeve, and in every -button nine pearls.”</p> - -<p>Necklaces and other ornaments of jewellery -were much worn. No dress was complete -without a girdle, and from the girdle was -suspended by means of chains such articles as -tablets, knives and purses. Sometimes, in -place of the chains, the girdles themselves had -a long pendant, which was elaborately -decorated.</p> - -<p>We get a glimpse of the style of dress -amongst commoner folk, in the history of a -famous clothier known as “Jack of Newbury.” -When Jack was married, the bride, in her -wedding costume, must have cut quite a -picturesque figure. “The bride,” we read, -“being dressed in a gown of sheep’s russet -and a kirtle of fine worsted, her head attired -in a <i>billiment</i> (habiliment) of gold, and her -hair, as yellow as gold, hanging down behind -her, which was curiously combed and plaited, -according to the manner of those days, was -led to church by two boys with bride laces, -and rosemary tied about their silken sleeves.”</p> - -<p>Mrs. Jack became a widow, and after she -had laid aside her weeds she is described as -coming one day out of the kitchen “in a fair -train gown stuck full of silver pins, having a -white cap on her head, with cuts of curious -needlework under the same, and an apron -before her as white as driven snow.”</p> - -<p>The ordinary costume for men of the upper -ranks in the time of Henry VIII. was a full-skirted -jacket or doublet, with large sleeves to -the wrists, over which was hung a short cloak -or coat, with loose hanging sleeves and a -broad, rolling collar of fur. To these articles -of dress was added a brimmed cap, jewelled -and bordered with ostrich feathers; stockings -and square-toed shoes.</p> - -<p>A sumptuary law was passed in 1533, -limiting the use of certain expensive stuffs and -valuable personal ornaments to certain -classes. Common people and serving men, for -example, were confined to the use of cloth of a -fixed price, and lamb’s fur only, and they were -forbidden to wear any ornaments or even -buttons of gold, silver, or gilt work, excepting -the badge of their lord or master.</p> - -<p>The apprentices of London wore blue -cloaks in summer, and in winter gowns of the -same colour. Blue cloaks or gowns were a -mark of servitude.</p> - -<p>Fourteen years before the beginning of -Henry VIII.’s reign wages were settled by -Act of Parliament. A free mason, master -carpenter, rough mason, bricklayer, master -tiler, plumber, glazier, carver or joiner, was -allowed from Easter to Michaelmas to take -6d. a day, without meat or drink. Suppose -he had meat and drink, he could only -charge 4d. A master having under him six -men was allowed a penny a day extra. From<span class="pagenum" id="Page_229">{229}</span> -Michaelmas to Easter a penny a day was -taken off these prices. Wages, however, -gradually rose all through the sixteenth -century.</p> - -<p>In 1511, in the household of the Earl of -Northumberland, the principal priest of the -chapel had £5 a year; a chaplain graduate -£3 6s. 8d.; a chaplain not a graduate, £2; -a minstrel, £4; a serving boy, 13s. 4d. These -payments were over and above food and -lodging.</p> - -<p>When wages and salaries were so low, compared -with those of our own day, we must -expect to find a corresponding difference in -prices. In 1541 a hundred eggs sold for -1s. 2d., a dozen pigeons cost 10d., a good fat -goose cost 8d., and you could buy a fat sheep -for from 2s. 4d. to 4s., and an ox for about £2. -In 1533 an Act was passed by which the price -of beef and pork was fixed at ½d. a pound, -and veal at ¾d.</p> - -<p>Of the state of learning, in the houses at any -rate of the upper classes, much is to be said -that reflects credit on our ancestors. The -royal court of Henry VIII., whatever might be -its faults, did not neglect study. In the case -of Prince Edward, afterwards Edward VI., -devotion to his books no doubt had an injurious -effect on his health, and there is no saying -what might have been the result to England -had he had less learning and more exercise. -Bishop Burnet tells us that he was so forward -in his education that “before he was eight -years old he wrote Latin letters to his father, -who was a prince of that stern severity that -one can hardly think that those about his -son durst cheat him by making letters for -him.”</p> - -<p>Mary had a good knowledge of classic -authors, and wrote good Latin letters. Elizabeth -began every day with an hour’s reading -in the Greek Testament, the tragedies of -Sophocles, and the orations of Isocrates and -Demosthenes. She also was a good Latin -scholar, spoke French and Italian as fluently -as English, had a smattering of Dutch and -German, and was a devourer of works on -history.</p> - -<p>These two princesses were the highest in -station of the accomplished women of the time, -but there were many who equalled, and some -who surpassed, them in learning. The most -remarkable of all for accomplishments was -certainly Lady Jane Grey, afterwards the -unfortunate queen of a ten-days’ reign. Lady -Jane took so kindly to study that she became -the marvel of the age for her acquirements. -She excelled in needlework and in music, and, -aided by her tutor, Dr. Elmer, or Aylmer, -afterwards Bishop of London, had thoroughly -mastered Latin, Greek, French, and Italian, -and knew something of at least three Oriental -tongues—Hebrew, Chaldee, and Arabic.</p> - -<p>One of the most interesting passages—and -a touching one it is, too—in the writings of -Roger Ascham is that in “The Schoolmaster,” -in which he describes a visit he paid to the -home of Lady Jane’s parents in Leicestershire -in 1550. She was then little over thirteen -years old. It gives us a glimpse of the girl-life -of the period in a high rank of society, -and deserves to be quoted in full.</p> - -<p>“Before I went into Germany,” says Ascham, -“I came to Broadgate, in Leicestershire, to -take my leave of that noble Lady Jane Grey, to -whom I was exceeding much beholden. Her -parents, the Duke and Duchess, with all the -household, gentlemen and gentlewomen, were -hunting in the park. I found her in her -chamber, reading Phædon Platonis, in Greek, -and that with as much delight as some gentlemen -would read a merry tale in Boccaccio.</p> - -<p>“After salutation and duty done with some -other talk, I asked her why she would leave -such pastime in the park?</p> - -<p>“Smiling, she answered me, ‘I wis all their -sport in the park is but a shadow to that -pleasure that I find in Plato. Alas, good -folk! they never felt what true pleasure -meant.’</p> - -<p>“‘And how came you, madam,’ quoth I, -‘to this deep knowledge of pleasure, and what -did chiefly allure you unto it, seeing not many -women but very few men have attained thereunto?’</p> - -<p>“‘I will tell you,’ quoth she, ‘and tell you -a truth which perchance you will marvel at. -One of the greatest benefits that God ever -gave me is that He sent me so sharp and -severe parents, and so gentle a schoolmaster. -For when I am in presence either of father or -mother, whether I speak, keep silence, sit, -stand or go, eat, drink, be merry or sad, be -sewing, playing, dancing, or doing anything -else, I must do it as it were in such weight, -measure, and number—even so perfectly as -God made the world—or else I am so sharply -taunted, so cruelly threatened, yea, presently, -sometimes, with pinches, nips, and bobs, and -other ways which I will not name for the -honour I bear them; so without measure misordered -that I think myself in hell, till time -come that I must go to Mr. Elmer, who -teacheth me so gently, so pleasantly, with -such fair allurements to learning, that I think -all the time nothing whiles I am with him. -And when I am called from him I fall on -weeping, because whatsoever I do else but -learning is full of grief, trouble, fear, and -whole misliking unto me. And thus my book -hath been so much my pleasure, and bringeth -daily to me more pleasure and more, that in -respect of it all other pleasures in very deed -be but trifles and troubles unto me.’</p> - -<p>“I remember this talk gladly,” Ascham -adds, “both because it is so worthy of -memory, and because, also, it was the last talk -that ever I had and the last time that ever I -saw that noble and worthy lady.”</p> - -<p>However learning might flourish in the -upper circles of society, it seems to have -languished in the schools and among the -people. But efforts were made in the direction -of popular education, and more grammar -schools it is said were founded in the latter -part of Henry VIII.’s reign than in the three -hundred years preceding.</p> - -<p>Music was practised by all classes. Erasmus, -who saw much of England in the beginning -of the sixteenth century, speaks of the English -as the most accomplished in the skill of -music of any people. “It is certain,” says -Mr. Chappell, “that the beginning of the -sixteenth century produced in England a race -of musicians equal to the best in foreign -countries, and in point of secular music -decidedly in advance of them.”</p> - -<p>Henry VIII. was a great patron of music, -and, more than that, he was himself a composer -and performer. He played well on both -the virginals and the lute, and could sing at -sight. But to sing at sight was a common -accomplishment amongst gentlemen; so common, -indeed, that inability to do so was looked -on as a serious drawback to success in life. -Homes were rendered cheerful by the singing -of madrigals and other part music. The first -collection of songs in parts that was printed -in England belongs to the year 1530.</p> - -<p>Besides music, many other recreations were -indulged in. These were the days of archery, -casting of the bar, wrestling, and such martial -sports as fighting with swords and battle-axes. -For rural pastimes there were hunting and -hawking—and in these the ladies were often -as enthusiastic as the gentlemen. Card-playing -was highly popular, and in the reign of -Henry VIII. a prohibitory statute was found -necessary to prevent apprentices from using -cards, except in the Christmas holidays, and -then only in their masters’ houses. The same -statute forbade any householder to permit -card-playing in his house, under the penalty of -six shillings and eightpence for every offence.</p> - -<p>May Day was a general holiday, and Maypoles -were set up in every town and village. -The observance of May Day differed no doubt -in minor particulars in different places, but in -general it consisted in people of all ranks -going out early in the morning into the -“sweet meadows and green woods,” where -they broke down branches from the trees, and -adorned them with nosegays and crowns of -flowers. “This done, they returned homewards -with their booty, and made their doors and -windows triumph in the flowery spoil.” The -Maypole was set up, and the rest of the day -was spent in dancing round it, and in sports of -different kinds. When evening came, bonfires -were lighted in the streets. Even the reigning -sovereign joined in these amusements. On -May Day, 1515, Henry VIII. and Queen -Katherine, his wife, rode a-Maying from -Greenwich to the high ground of Shooter’s-hill, -accompanied by many lords and ladies.</p> - -<p>There was a famous London Maypole in -Cornhill before the parish church of St. Andrew, -which thus got the name of St. Andrew -Undershaft. The pole or shaft, Stow tells -us, was set up by the citizens “every year, -on May Day, in the morning, in the midst of -the street, before the south door of the said -church; which shaft, when it was set on end -and fixed in the ground, was higher than the -church steeple.” When its annual day of usefulness -was over, the pole was taken down -again and hung on iron hooks above the doors -of the neighbouring houses.</p> - -<p>This pole was destroyed in 1550, the fourth -year of Edward VI.’s reign, in an outburst of -Puritanism, after a sermon preached at St. -Paul’s Cross against May games. The inhabitants -of the houses against whose wall the -pole had found shelter sawed it in pieces, and -every man took a bit and made use of it to -light his fire.</p> - -<p>Mingled with the festivities of May Day there -was a distinct set of sports, very popular in -the early part of the sixteenth century, intended -to represent the adventures of the -renowned woodland hero, Robin Hood. The -enthusiasm with which the common people -entered into these sports may be seen from -the reception Bishop Latimer met with when -he once proposed to preach in a town on the -1st of May. He tells the incident himself in -a sermon he preached in 1549 before Edward -VI.</p> - -<p>“I came once myself,” he says, “to a -place, riding on a journey homeward from -London, and I sent word overnight into -the town that I would preach there in the -morning because it was holy day, and methought -it was an holy day’s work.” (It was -the Feast of the Apostles Philip and James.) -“The church stood in my way, and I took my -horse and my company and went thither. I -thought I should have found a great company -in the church, and when I came there the -church door was fast locked.</p> - -<p>“I tarried there half an hour and more. -At last the key was found, and one of the -parish comes to me and says, ‘Sir, this is a -busy day with us. We cannot hear you. It -is Robin Hood’s Day. The parish are gone -abroad to gather for Robin Hood. I pray you -forbid them not.’</p> - -<p>“I was fain there to give place to Robin -Hood. I thought my rochet”—or bishop’s -surplice—“should have been regarded, though -I were not; but it would not serve; it was -fain to give place to Robin Hood.”</p> - -<p>How did stay-at-home people amuse themselves -then in the long winter evenings? -No doubt they either made time seem short by -going to sleep, or they sat by the fireside -singing songs or telling oft-told stories, or -exercising their wits by asking each other -riddles or conundrums. Some of their fireside -riddles are preserved in a little book called -“Demands Joyous”—in modern English<span class="pagenum" id="Page_230">{230}</span> -Merry Questions—which was printed by -Wynkyn de Worde in 1511.</p> - -<p>The following are a few of the conundrums -contained in this work, and at some of them -the reader, who is well acquainted with the -conundrums of the present day, will be -tempted to exclaim with Solomon, that there is -nothing new under the sun.</p> - -<p>“What is it that never freezeth?—Boiling -water.</p> - -<p>“What is it that never was and never will -be?—A mouse’s nest in a cat’s ear.</p> - -<p>“How many straws go to a goose’s nest?—Not -one, for straws, not having feet, cannot -go anywhere.</p> - -<p>“How many calves’ tails would it take to -reach from the earth to the sky?—No more -than one, if it be long enough.</p> - -<p>“What man getteth his living backwards?—A -ropemaker.</p> - -<p>“Why doth a dog turn round three times -before he lieth down?—Because he knoweth -not his bed’s head from the foot thereof.</p> - -<p>“Why do men make an oven in a town? -Because they cannot make a town in an oven.</p> - -<p>“How may a man discern a cow in a flock -of sheep?—By his eyesight.</p> - -<p>“What is the worst bestowed charity that -one can give?—Alms to a blind man; for he -would be glad to see the person hanged that -gave it to him.”</p> - -<p>An industry of considerable interest from a -domestic point of view came to the front in -1542; this was the manufacture of pins. -These useful articles were originally made -abroad, but the English pinners took to -making them, and on their engaging to keep -the public well supplied at reasonable prices, -an Act of Parliament was passed in the year -just named, forbidding the sale of any sort of -pins excepting “only such as shall be double-headed, -and have the heads soldered fast to -the shank of the pin, well smoothed, the -shank well shaven, the point well and round -filed, canted and sharped.”</p> - -<p>The English pinmakers, however, either -proved unable or unwilling to keep their part -of the bargain, and complaints were so loudly -made that the pins were not what they should -be, that in 1545 the Act was declared -“frustrate and annihilated, and to be repealed -for ever.” Pins of good quality were of brass, -but unscrupulous makers made pins of iron -wire, blanched, and passed them off as brass -ones.</p> - -<p>People who went from home then had no -choice—they must either ride or walk. Kings, -queens, and gentlefolk all mounted to the -saddle, the ladies being accustomed to ride on -pillions fixed on the horse, and generally -behind some relative or serving-man. Rude -carriages, however, made their appearance in -England in 1555.</p> - -<p>Before the Reformation there were no poor’s -rates. The poor had their wants supplied by -charitable doles given at religious houses, and -by contributions placed in the poor man’s -box which stood in every church. In all -parishes there was a church house supplied -with dishes and cooking utensils. “Here,” -says John Aubrey, “the housekeepers met, -and were merry and gave their charity.”</p> - -<p>Begging, under certain conditions, was regulated -by an Act of Parliament passed in -1530. By this Act justices of the peace were -required to give licences under their seals to -such poor, aged, and impotent persons to beg -within a certain precinct as they thought had -most need. If anyone begged out of the -district assigned to him he was to be set in -the stocks two days and two nights; and if -anyone begged without first obtaining a -licence he was to be put in the stocks -three days and three nights, and be fed with -bread and water only.</p> - -<p>Vagrants were very sternly dealt with; but -in this Act, and in subsequent legislation on -the same subject, we see that our sixteenth-century -forefathers had an honest desire to do -their duty in relieving such as were in “unfeigned -misery.” In an Act passed in the -first year of Edward VI.’s reign we find the -curate of every parish required, “on every -Sunday and holiday, after reading the Gospel of -the day, to make (according to such talent as -God hath given him) a godly and brief exhortation -to his parishioners, moving and -exciting them to remember the poor people, -and the duty of Christian charity in relieving -of them which be their brethren in Christ, -born in the same parish and needing their -help.”</p> - -<p>One of the interesting households of the -period was that of Sir Thomas More, the -famous Lord Chancellor who was executed in -1535. More lived at Chelsea, and of his happy -home there Erasmus, who knew him well, has -given the following charming account:—“More,” -he says, “has built, near London, -upon the Thames, a modest yet commodious -mansion. There he lives, surrounded by his -numerous family, including his wife, his son, -and his son’s wife, his three daughters and -their husbands, with eleven grandchildren. -There is not any man living so affectionate to -his children as he, and he loveth his old wife -as if she were a girl of fifteen. Such is the -excellence of his disposition, that whatsoever -happeneth that could not be helped, he is -as cheerful and as well pleased as though the -best thing possible had been done.</p> - -<p>“In More’s house you would say that -Plato’s Academy was revived again, only -whereas in the Academy the discussion turned -upon geometry and the power of numbers, -the house at Chelsea is a veritable school of -Christian religion. In it is none, man or -woman, but readeth or studieth the liberal -arts; yet is their chief care of piety. There -is never any seen idle. The head of the house -governs it, not by a lofty carriage and oft rebukes, -but by gentleness and amiable manners. -Every member is busy in his place, -performing his duty with alacrity; nor is sober -mirth wanting.”</p> - -<p>Speaking of More’s home life in his “Short -History of the English People,” Mr. J. R. -Green says:—“The reserve which the age -exacted from parents was thrown to the winds -in More’s intercourse with his children. He -loved teaching them, and lured them to their -deeper studies by the coins and curiosities he -had gathered in his cabinet. He was as fond -of their pets and their games as the children -themselves, and would take grave scholars and -statesmen into the garden to see his girls’ -rabbit-hutches or to watch the gambols of -their favourite monkey.”</p> - -<p class="center">(<i>To be continued.</i>)</p> - - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2 class="nobreak" id="THE_SHEPHERDS_FAIRY">THE SHEPHERD’S FAIRY.</h2> -</div> -<p class="ph3">A PASTORALE.</p> - -<p class="ph3"><span class="smcap">By</span> DARLEY DALE, Author of “Fair Katherine,” etc.</p> - - -<h3>CHAPTER XIV.</h3> - -<div class="ddropcapbox illowe10_9375" id="i_230"> - <img class="w100 idropcap" src="images/i_230.jpg" alt="W" /> -</div><p><span class="uppercase">hen</span> Jack was gone, -Mrs. Shelley insisted -on Fairy’s -going to bed, for -the child was -worn out with -fatigue and excitement, -and she -and John watched -by Charlie’s couch -in turns through the short summer -night, which, short as it was, seemed -all too long when spent in anxiously -watching for a change which did not -come. Once, and once only during the -night, did Charlie open his eyes and -murmur, “Where am I?” but before -the shepherd, who was sitting by him, -had time to answer, he had again -relapsed into unconsciousness.</p> - -<p>From the first John Shelley had taken -a hopeful view, and even this momentary -return to consciousness filled him with -hope; the next interval might be longer -perhaps; at any rate, it was a favourable -sign in the shepherd’s opinion. At four -o’clock Mrs. Shelley came to take her -husband’s place, and then, to her surprise, -he told her he was going to walk -to the nearest point where the London -coach passed and give Jack the latest -bulletin before he started.</p> - -<p>And so, to Jack’s joy and amazement, -the first time the coach paused to take -up the Lewes letters, there stood his -father by the inn door, waiting to speak -to him. In a moment Jack, who, with -Mr. Leslie, was occupying the boxseat, -was down on the ground grasping his -father’s hand and eagerly asking what -news.</p> - -<p>“No worse, Jack; if anything, a -trifle better; he was conscious for a -few moments last night; just opened his -eyes and said ‘Where am I?’ but I -knew you would like to hear the latest -news, as you can’t have a letter till you -get to New York, and I don’t know how -long that will be after you arrive there.”</p> - -<p>“Oh, I’ll let you know all about the -mails, shepherd, when I come back. -Come, Jack,” called out Mr. Leslie, -from the box.</p> - -<p>“God bless you, my boy, and grant -we may meet again someday,” said the -shepherd, wringing Jack’s hand, and -then the lad, with tears in his eyes, -jumped back to his place, the coachman<span class="pagenum" id="Page_231">{231}</span> -cracked his whip, and in a few minutes -nothing remained but a cloud of dust, -through which John Shelley was straining -his eyes to catch a last glimpse of -his eldest son.</p> - -<p>The next day or two were passed in -such a whirl of excitement, what with -the exhilarating feeling of travelling on -the top of a coach for the first time in -his life, and being whirled up to London -by four horses in a few hours, and then -the wonderful things which, even in his -brief visit, he saw there, and then the -long journey to Liverpool, and the sight -of the docks and the ship he was to sail -in, for in those early days of the nineteenth -century no steamer had as yet -crossed the Atlantic. All this so occupied -Jack’s time and thoughts that -though that vision of Charlie stretched -pale and insensible at home haunted -him from time to time, still he had no -leisure to dwell on it. But when on -Monday Mr. Leslie, having seen him -on board, took leave of him, and Jack -was left alone among a crowd of strangers, -with nothing to do for five or six -weeks but watch the sea and sky, then -the thought of Charlie would not be -banished, and his anxiety to know how -he was became intense. Luckily Jack -turned out at first a bad sailor, and the -physical tortures of sea-sickness counteracted -the mental suffering he was -enduring, which, with so little to divert -his mind, might have ended in an attack -of brain fever. When he was well -enough to leave his berth, he made -friends with the captain and one or two -of the passengers, who took a fancy to -this fine, good-looking young man, who -certainly looked exceedingly unlike a -shepherd in the suit Mr. Leslie had -bought him at a London tailor’s. His -new friends lent him books, and he derived -both pleasure and benefit from -conversing with them, but yet, though -he read and studied hard during the -voyage, it was a terrible time to him, -and no landsman ever rejoiced more at -the sight of land than Jack did when -they sighted the American coast. He -always looked back on that voyage as -a dreadful nightmare, for all through -he had been haunted by the terrible -fear, almost too terrible to put into -words, lest he should be guilty of the -sin of Cain.</p> - -<p>His first act on landing was to inquire -when he could have a letter from England, -and finding three weeks hence -was the earliest time he could hope to -receive one, for the ship he had come -by had just brought a mail, he made up -his mind to dismiss the subject as much -as possible, and wait as patiently as he -could for the letter which would colour -his whole life.</p> - -<p>His new occupation, upon which he -entered at once, was far more congenial -than sheep-washing or shearing, and -the entirely new life he led and the new -country he was living in, with its strange -customs and foreign people, all helped -to give a fresh stimulus to Jack’s mind, -and if it had not been for the shadow -cast over his life by the memory of the -events which had been the immediate -cause of his coming hither, his first few -weeks in New York would have ranked -among some of the happiest in his life. -As it was, they slipped by far more -quickly than he had thought possible, -and at last he heard the news that the -English mail had arrived, and he bent -his steps to the post-office to ask if there -were any letters for him.</p> - -<p>How Jack’s heart thumped as he -stood watching the clerk diving into -some pigeon-holes in search of his -letters; he fancied the people in the -office must have heard its wild beatings.</p> - -<p>Yes, there were two letters; the first -Jack saw at a glance was from Mr. -Leslie, the other was directed by Fairy. -The paper on which the letter was -written—there were no envelopes in -those days—was not black-edged, and -that, though he dare not lay much stress -upon it, was, perhaps, a hopeful sign, -but yet, as he broke the wafer, he was -still in such fear and trembling lest its -contents should be unfavourable, that -he dared not open it until he was safe -in his own lodgings, where no curious -eyes could watch his behaviour as he -read his fate.</p> - -<p>It was indeed well no curious eyes -were able to pry into Jack’s humble -room, his castle as he liked to call it, -for, poor as it was, it was his own, paid -for out of his earnings, for when he came -to the end of the long crossed sheet he -buried his face in his hands, and his -great strong frame shook with his sobs.</p> - -<p>The letter, though directed by Fairy, -was from Mrs. Shelley, and ran as -follows:—</p> - -<div class="blockquot"> - -<p>“<span class="smcap">My dearest Jack</span>,—Thank God, -I have good news for you. Charlie is -quite well again, and is following the -sheep to-day for the first time, or he -would have written to you himself, but -since he went off this morning, Mr. -Leslie has been to tell me this letter -must be posted to-day.</p> - -<p>“It is a month since you went away; -it seems years to me, Jack, but if you -are happy in your new life I shall not -complain. Charlie began to get better -very soon after you started; he recovered -consciousness that very morning, and -though he was very ill for a week or -more, he was not in danger after the -Sunday. How I wished I could have -let you know, but there was no means -of getting a letter to you before this one, -and I am afraid you must have suffered -terribly from suspense, fearing the worst, -and not daring to hope for good news. -Strange to say, Charlie remembers -nothing whatever about his accident; -all he knows is he wanted Fairy to dance -with him, and that you were angry; all -the rest is a blank; he had not the least -idea of what really happened.</p> - -<p>“Your father had to get an under-shepherd -for a month, but he has left -to-day, and Charlie is to take your place, -and is very proud of his position. No -one will ever take your place at home, -though, so if you hear people say no -one is missed in this world, their place -is soon filled up, don’t believe it, my -son; your place in your mother’s heart -will never be filled except by yourself, -and I miss you at every turn. Fairy -misses you too; she is more at the rectory -now than ever, for there is no one -to help her with her lessons here. She -sends her love to you, and will write -next month. And now, my boy, I must -say good-bye, for your father has come -in on purpose to add a few lines to this. -God ever bless and keep you is the constant -prayer of your loving mother,</p> - -<p class="right"> -“<span class="smcap">Polly Shelley</span>.” -</p> -</div> - -<p>And then followed a few lines in the -shepherd’s handwriting, written with -elaborate pains and much effort, as Jack -knew, for John Shelley was much more -accustomed to wield his crook than his -pen, which was certainly not that of a -ready writer. His preparations were as -elaborate as the writing itself. First he -rolled up the sleeves of his smock; then -he ran his hands through his hair, and -rubbed the back of his head; then he -wetted his fingers; finally he fixed the -pen in his right hand, after a fashion of -his own; and Jack, as he read the postscript -of his mother’s letter, pictured to -himself his father’s attitude as he wrote -it, leaning half across the kitchen table, -and moving his whole body, as if every -stroke was the greatest exertion, as it -was to him. But if the manner of his -writing was eccentric, the matter was -excellent, in spite of the spelling, which -was original, and Jack treasured up his -father’s words carefully, and vowed never -to forget how gently and kindly the -shepherd had dealt with him in his -trouble.</p> - -<p>So the tears Jack shed over his letter -were tears of joy and gratitude.</p> - -<p class="center">(<i>To be continued.</i>)</p> - -<div class="figcenter illowp100" id="i_231" style="max-width: 28.125em;"> - <img class="w100" src="images/i_231.jpg" alt="" /> -</div> -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter"> -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_232">{232}</span></p> - -<h2 class="nobreak" id="OUR_TOUR_IN_NORTH_ITALY">OUR TOUR IN NORTH ITALY.</h2> -</div> -<p class="ph3"><span class="smcap">By</span> TWO LONDON BACHELORS.</p> - - -<div class="figcenter illowp59" id="i_232" style="max-width: 29.6875em;"> - <img class="w100" src="images/i_232.jpg" alt="" /> - <div class="caption"><p class="center">THE CERTOSA.</p></div> -</div> - -<p><span class="smcap">On</span> the Monday afternoon, while No. 1 was resting, the elder bachelor -sallied out by himself to see one or two of the important old churches. -By the aid of a map of the town, he found his way to the dirty old -church of St. Maurizio, where he saw some strangely beautiful paintings -of Aurelio and Bernardino Luini. He greatly wondered if the -abject poor, at their silent devotions—for there was no service at the -time—were as greatly influenced by art as were their predecessors in -the less enlightened days. But without wasting his time further in -worthless dreamings, which could better be done at another time, he -passed out of the stuffy and ugly little church into the glorious sunlight, -and proceeded to the more famous church of Santa -Maria della Grazie, to see the most popular picture -ever painted—namely, “The Last Supper,” by Leonardo -da Vinci.</p> - -<p>The church was entered first; and here again were -groups of the poorest at their private devotions. Rapture -sublime seemed now and then to illumine the face of a dirty -beggar as he or she glanced at a crucifix or a relic which was -exposed to view over the altar of the Lady Chapel. Could such -worship be wrong if it softened, and so greatly softened, hearts -like these, in bodies ill-fed and ill-clothed, making a repulsive exterior -glorified by a countenance of secret joy? But disappointment came -by means of a surly sacristan, a veritable Judas with a bag, who -roughly attended the worshippers, and pocketed pence in return for -wiping their pocket handkerchiefs (for such we perforce call their -dirty rags) on the glass case on the altar containing the relic before -mentioned. To see the emotion of the deluded creatures, who -kissed their rags with ecstatic bliss on receiving them again, -was a strange sight, and struck us as widely different from that of -the woman who kissed the blue fringe on Christ’s garment as He<span class="pagenum" id="Page_234">{234}</span> -passed her—for what “virtue” could come -out of the operation in the Church of Santa -Maria della Grazie? The act of devotion and -lowly love in the Gospel story was not done -from force of habit, nor was the privilege -given in return for money—and, oh! how different -the Object and the intention!</p> - -<div class="figcenter illowp100" id="i_233" style="max-width: 50em;"><span class="pagenum" id="Page_233"></span> - <img class="w100" src="images/i_233.jpg" alt="" /> - <div class="caption"><p class="center">THE LAST SUPPER.</p> - -<p class="center"><i>From the painting at Milan, showing its present condition.</i></p></div> -</div> - -<p>The greatest painting in the world (“The -Last Supper”) is to be seen in an old outhouse -which was used by the reverend monks -as a refectory before the dissolution of the -monastery, and which has since been used as -a stable by French dragoons.</p> - -<p>The painting is in a sad state of dilapidation, -caused by damp and attempted restorations -in 1770, and also by the bad treatment -it has had at the hands of tourists. But much -of the genius of the painting is still seen, and -we bow in lowly reverence before a work -which surely has been productive of much -religious elevation in many generations and -nations.</p> - -<p>The Dominicans, in dining in this old refectory, -must have been wonderfully impressed -at seeing Christ at the other end of the room -taking His Last Supper with them; for the -accessories of table-cloth, glasses, etc., in the -painting resemble the identical articles used by -the monks, and all helped the great illusion. -But again a disillusion! for, as will be seen -on a reference to the picture, the reverend -fathers committed the sacrilege of forming a -doorway in a part of the picture—actually -cutting off the legs of the chief Figure—in -their desire to have their dinner warm!</p> - -<p>The illness of the younger bachelor, which had -threatened to ruin our holiday, was not nearly -so serious as the doctor had led us to expect. -On the second day the fever much abated, and -we determined to resume our journey after the -third day. The doctor, however, advised us -not to go to either Cremona or Mantua, as -these cities, especially the former, are unhealthy, -and might bring on a renewal of the -fever. This was a disappointment, as we -were anxious to see Cremona, which, apart -from its cathedral and other buildings, has -always been renowned for the manufacture of -violins and other stringed instruments. To see -fiddles of every shape and size hung out in the -open air to dry like so many clothes after -washing, was too novel a sight to miss without -a bitter pang.</p> - -<p>We determined to make up for our disappointment -in not seeing Cremona and -Mantua, by visiting the town of Pavia and -the magnificent monastery or Certosa close -to it.</p> - -<p>So we arranged to make the excursion to -the Certosa and Pavia, to return to Milan for -a visit to the Brera Gallery, to dine, and to get -our trunks, and finally depart for Verona, if -possible, on the same day. This was rather -an extensive programme, especially as one of -us had just recovered from an illness; but we -determined if possible to abide by it.</p> - -<p>The great Lombard plain is relieved from -monotony by being cut-up with canals and -ditches, running between avenues of willows -and poplars, reminding one of the scenery in -Dutch pictures.</p> - -<p>Of course the Certosa is in many respects -an exquisite building. The magnificence of -the materials of its altars, screens, pavements, -&c., and the enormous wealth of sculpture -lavished over every portion of it, render this -church one of the most remarkable structures -in the world. But when one comes to study -it and to think it well over, the question arises -whether this immense amount of costly -material, this vast amount of labour and skill, -ought not to have produced something far -more “striking” in general effect. In fact, -it rather reminds one of the so-called French -dinners, which English people are in the -habit of giving, from which one comes away -thoroughly unsatisfied, with only a confused -recollection of a great number of costly dishes. -It almost appears as if in the Certosa the -sculptors had been set to do the architecture -and the painters to execute the sculpture; -each has so attempted to overdo and over-elaborate -his portion of the work that he has -“strained” his art, until it has lost those -wholesome restrictions which the æsthetic -principles, both of classic and mediæval times, -had placed upon it. Thus we find the architectural -outlines broken up and lost in a forest -of detail, and the sculptured panels have -elaborated backgrounds more suited for pictorial -works than for carving.</p> - -<p>The façade, which our girls perfectly know -by photograph, was designed by Borgognone, -far better known as a painter, and was commenced -about 1473.</p> - -<p>One really sees nothing of the church until -entering the large gate, covered on the outside -with damaged frescoes; the wonderful -façade presents itself on the other side of the -quadrangle.</p> - -<p>As can well be imagined, the first sight of -this wonderful front nearly took our breath -away, so vast is the amount of sculpture and -so elaborate the designs. The upper portion -is far less elaborate than the lower; indeed, -we thought that they were by different architects.</p> - -<p>The most richly decorated portion of the -façade is that on the level of the portico, the -two windows on either side of the latter being -completely enclosed by a vast amount of -sculpturesque ornament. This elaboration is -carried out to such an extent that the mullions -of the windows, instead of being simply -moulded, are carved into imitations of candelabra, -with foliage, lizards, and little cupids in -the act of climbing, and ornamenting every -portion.</p> - -<p>The subjects which pleased us the most -were the pictures of sculpture, a little above -the level of a man’s head, representing scenes -in religious history. These are very beautiful -and perfect, though some of the heads and -attitudes of the figures are, to say the least, -grotesque.</p> - -<p>We may mention that a great number of -the most eminent Italian masters for nearly -two centuries had a hand in the elaboration of -the façade, including the great Donatello.</p> - -<p>Before entering the church, we visited the -two cloisters, which are very picturesque. The -arches of the first one are full of terra-cotta -ornamentation. It is approached from the -church by a magnificent white marble doorway.</p> - -<p>The great cloister is very large, and is surrounded -by cells, which remind one that the -Certosa was once a monastery, and belonged -to the Carthusians. This curious order of -men never see one another, except in church. -Each man has four rooms and a little garden -entirely to himself. He has his bedroom, his -study, his workshop, and his toolroom. These -Carthusians were extremely fond of gardening, -and we have received many benefits from their -knowledge of horticulture. They also invented -the well-known liqueur, Chartreuse. -Hence their name. This was invented as a -medicine, and is most wholesome and beneficial -for certain illnesses; but it is now, of -course, more used for its gastronomic than -its medicinal qualities.</p> - -<p>The church was commenced in the latter -part of the fourteenth century; it is in form a -Latin cross, and in style a mixture of Romanesque -and Gothic. The whole of the interior -is very richly decorated, all kinds of material -being used, and the altars are beautifully inlaid -and studded with precious stones, gold, -etc. There are, however, scarcely any fine -pictures, the few good ones having been removed, -and the great number remaining -scarcely add to the beauty of the interior.</p> - -<p>There are seven chapels on either side of -the nave, which are railed off from the latter. -These were shown to us by a guide, not by -a monk, as the guide-books say.</p> - -<p>The Certosa is magnificently kept, and in -order to make it even more “smart,” the old -pavement has been replaced by a very bright -mosaic one, which reflects the church like -glass. But of all, the choir is the most magnificent, -the tabernacle and altar-screen being -sumptuous sixteenth century Renaissance -work, and on either side of the altar the walls -are decorated with rich sculpture.</p> - -<p>In the transepts are two monuments, viz., -those of Gian-Galeazzo Visconti, the founder -of the church, and of Ludovico Moro and his -wife, Beatrice d’Este.</p> - -<p>Gian-Galeazzo Visconti was the most celebrated -of the great Lombard family of Visconti, -who practically ruled Milan for over a -century and a half. So great was the power -of this family, that they at times subjected -nearly the whole of Northern Italy, and Gian-Galeazzo, -after completely defeating an army -sent against him by the Emperor of Germany, -and after having captured by degrees the -whole of Lombardy, was about to declare -himself King of Italy, when death put an end -to his ambition in the year 1402.</p> - -<p>Gian-Galeazzo Visconti was the founder of -Milan Cathedral and the Certosa of Pavia, -and, as before mentioned, a superb monument -has been erected to his memory in the latter -church; but this monument was more than -half a century in construction, by which time -the people had forgotten where the prince had -been buried; and thus the body of this great -man, who had defeated numberless armies and -caused to be erected two of the most sumptuous -buildings in Europe, lies no one knows -where.</p> - -<p>The son of Gian-Galeazzo ruled in Milan -upon his father’s death, after which the Sforza -family succeeded, and held power until the -middle of the sixteenth century, when the -emperor, Charles V., who was practical master -of Italy, handed over the duchy of Milan to -his son Philip.</p> - -<p>After leaving the Certosa, the two bachelors -hired one of the light one-horse carriages, of -which there are always a number outside the -church, and drove to Pavia. That drive was -most pleasant. It was a lovely spring day, -with a brilliant sun, though not too hot, -and the country was all aglow with bright -colour.</p> - -<p>Pavia is a very curious old place. Of all the -old garlic-smelling, dirty, and badly-drained -cities of North Italy, it is the most garlic-smelling, -the dirtiest, and the worst drained; -but it is very quaint withal. The old marketplaces, -the projecting roofs, and the curious -outdoor shops give it a wonderfully “old-world” -appearance, and we enjoyed this -ramble through the old city greatly, notwithstanding -the horrible smells and the difficulty -we had to find our way about the place. -After wandering for some little time, we came -to the Piazza del Duomo, which is most -picturesque, and the effect was much enhanced -when we were there, as it was market time. -The vast quantity of old women, dressed in -the most quaint manner, selling the oddest of -wares, added no little to a scene which -must always be paintable to a degree. The -cathedral, rising on one side of the piazza, -with its huge campanile, though picturesque, -can scarcely be called beautiful. It has never -been finished, and when we were there it was -in a terrible state of dilapidation. Of the -interior we could see nothing except a heap of -scaffold-poles, as it was in course of restoration, -and even the shrine of the great St. -Augustine was concealed from view.</p> - -<p>The most interesting church in Pavia is San -Michele, and, though we were rather pressed -for time, we determined to see it.</p> - -<p>San Michele is an early Romanesque church<span class="pagenum" id="Page_235">{235}</span> -of the eleventh and twelfth centuries, and is -very beautiful, both externally and internally. -The façade is richly ornamented with bands -of carving and small open galleries, and the -chancel internally is on a much higher level -than the nave, and is approached by a great -flight of steps, giving it a most dignified -appearance.</p> - -<p>After leaving San Michele we tried to find -our way to the station; no easy matter, as we -found to our cost. We think we must have -made the circumference of the city three -times before an Italian boy, rather more intelligent -than his fellows, at last pointed us -out a place which proved to be the station, -from whence we returned to Milan.</p> - -<p>The Brera Gallery contains a magnificent -collection of pictures. In an article like this -it is impossible to give a detailed description -of these paintings, and a mere list of works of -art is both uninteresting and uninstructive; -besides which no description of pictures is of -any value unless it is prefaced by an account -of the various schools to which the artists -belong—a task which has been admirably -done already by Miss Emily Macirone in the -pages of this magazine. However, we may -mention that the gallery is a complete history -of Italian art.</p> - -<p>To commence with, we find a good example -of Giotto, who (as our girls will see from -the excellent chart of the chief painters of -the various schools of art, page 629 of -our Annual for 1886) flourished in the -commencement of the fourteenth century. -As on a future occasion we shall have to speak -of this painter, when describing the Arena -Chapel at Padua, all we shall say at present is -that one should not attempt to criticise him -or the works of this early Italian school by -mere isolated pictures found in galleries. Of -course in the days of Giotto Italian art was -more or less in its infancy, and the mechanical -knowledge possessed by these fourteenth -century painters was meagre, therefore we -must not expect to find grand effects of -chiaroscuro, neither is the rich colour of the -later school to be discovered.</p> - -<p>Of the more perfected early Italian school -we find works by Luca Signorelli, Giovanni -Bellini, whom we shall find far better -represented in Venice, and the excellent -Francia, whose lovely picture of “Mater -Dolorosa” in our National Gallery is so well -known to our girls. We find, also, works of -Raffaelle, Leonardo da Vinci and his pupil, -Luini. But the best represented painters in -the Brera are the later Venetian school, -especially Titian, Tintoretto, and Paul -Veronese. The great glory of the collection -is Raffaelle’s picture of the marriage of the -Virgin. The arrangement of this picture at -first struck us as being extremely formal. We -find in the background a twelve-sided temple -crowned with a dome, standing directly in the -middle of the picture. The architecture of -this temple has been severely criticised; but -it by no means follows that because Raffaelle -thought the structure suitable for his picture -he would ever have built anything like it. In -front of the temple is a very formal pavement -divided into large squares. All the figures -are grouped together immediately in the foreground. -The High Priest stands in the centre, -holding the hands of Mary and Joseph. Behind -Joseph are many youths, and behind Mary are -a number of women—five in each group, thus -keeping up the symmetrical arrangement which -runs throughout the whole picture. There is a -charming grace about the head of Mary and -the two women standing immediately behind -her. May we call them the bridesmaids?</p> - -<p>Joseph and the youths who accompany -him are represented with rods, but it will be -noticed that Joseph’s rod is crowned with five -blossoms, probably of the almond. Several -explanations have been given of this. The -most poetical supposes it refers to an ancient -legend that Mary had several suitors, as -would be almost certain to be the case of a -maiden of the house of David, possessed, -moreover, of great personal beauty. The -legend records that the various suitors each -cut a rod, which they laid in the temple, and -that after a time Joseph’s rod was discovered -to have blossomed. Some writers suppose that -the youths breaking the rods refer to an -ancient custom practised in Jewish marriages.</p> - -<p>The picture is extremely beautiful in colour, -brilliant and well preserved. We venture to -suggest that the very symmetrical and formal -arrangement of the picture may have resulted -from its having been intended as the centre -portion of a group of compositions.</p> - -<p>Titian is best represented by the frequently -engraved picture of St. Jerome—a work full -of grand power and magnificent chiaroscuro. -Leonardo da Vinci’s work in the gallery is one -of very great interest, as it is a study for the -head of the Saviour for his mighty work of the -Last Supper.</p> - -<p>As the evening approaches, we dine at one -of the perfect <i>ristoranti</i> of Milan and proceed -by rail to Verona. On our way we were -captivated by the charming manners of the -peasantry; for we travelled third class, and -thus had a capital opportunity of judging. It -was a <i>fête</i> day at some of the towns our -train called at, and there were fireworks, -and every evidence of village festivity. But -although there was great demand for -seats in the train, we saw nothing of drunkenness -nor heard coarse language, or anything -resembling a vulgar cockney crowd—or, -for the matter of that, the vulgar, well-dressed -competitors for best seats who visit such -civilising entertainments as the Monday or -Saturday Popular and other London concerts! -No, the Italian peasantry could teach wonderful -lessons in kindness and self-respect to their -betters of England! We reached Verona at -midnight, and put up at a delightfully old -world hotel and slept the sleep of—well, the -tired, until the sun next morning reminded us -of another happy day in store for us.</p> - -<p>And now there arises before us a scene -which will never be absent from the recollection -of either bachelor. A broad and rapidly-flowing -river, spanned by a lofty bridge, -pierced by a great circle between the centremost -arches, like the eye of some vast Cyclops. -Banks covered with ancient tiled-roofed houses, -above which rise an indescribable mass of domes, -towers, spires, pinnacles, and lofty walls, -crowned by forked battlements; the whole -backed up by undulating hills, clad with the -deep green of the cypress groves, amongst -which arise the round towers of a strange-looking -castle. Is this the recollection of -some picture we have seen, some place we -have dreamt of, or is it a reality?</p> - -<p>The question seems further from being -solved as we wander through the streets and -squares of the poetical city. Every step brings -us in the presence of some wondrous recollection -of the past, and there is nothing to -fasten down our ideas to the present time. -Fresh dreams arise in every street. What is -this vast oval structure, with its countless -arches, reminding one of the great Colosseum -at Rome? Ruinous, it is true; but as we -enter it, strange to say, it seems to have -suddenly awakened from its dream of sixteen -centuries. Alas! it awakens us also, for -what do we see but in the centre of this great -arena the hanky-panky tricks of modern -horsemanship and hear the stale jokes of a -modern English clown! Let us, however, -leave this singular scene of anachronism and -again wander and dream.</p> - -<p>This time there rises before us a series of -lofty sculptured tombs, each crowned by a -spire, surmounted by the figure of a man on -horseback, separated from the roadway by -some delicate metal work, wrought by the -hand of a thirteenth-century blacksmith into -a bewildering combination of quatrefoils, and -supported by graceful marble columns, each -bearing the image of a saint or angel. To -complete the picture, the whole is backed up -by a venerable-looking church, with a low, -tile-covered steeple and roof, plain enough but -for a beautiful marble monument placed above -the doorway. It is difficult to imagine anything -more enchanting in the way of architecture -than this extraordinary cemetery, filling -up the centre of one of the small squares -of the city.</p> - -<p>We wander on again, and find ourselves -in front of a noble Gothic church, with a -façade shaded by two mighty arches, one over -the other, and beneath the lowermost a richly-carved -doorway. We enter, and a superb -picture is presented to our view. A Gothic -church of exquisite proportion and rich detail, -gleaming with coloured decoration, to which -the softening touch of time has lent harmony -and mellow tints. A pavement of variegated -marble is beneath our feet. Two queer -little statues, supporting holy water basins, -attract our attention, and a voice seems to -whisper in our ear, “I Gobbi.” Need we say -that this is the Church of St. Anastasia in -Verona.</p> - -<p>It would be impossible to give our girls -anything like a description of the very -interesting objects in this beautiful city, or -adequately to express the feelings with which -one wanders about its streets. It is said that -“Music hath charms to soothe the savage -breast,” and the man must indeed be a savage -who would not feel the same soothing influence -in looking at Verona.</p> - -<p>Everything, from its sweet-sounding name, -seems to breathe poetry and music into the -mind.</p> - -<p>One seems to exist in a realm of fancy, and -little imagination is required to people it again -with Montagues and Capulets.</p> - -<p>How strange it is that our great poet should -have managed to have so thoroughly embodied -the ideas which Verona impresses upon the -mind in <i>Romeo and Juliet</i>, without having -seen the place! When one reads the play -who has seen Verona, it seems almost impossible -to believe that Shakespeare did not draw -his picture from the place itself.</p> - -<p class="center">(<i>To be continued.</i>)</p> - -<div class="figcenter illowp100" id="i_235" style="max-width: 21.875em;"> - <img class="w100" src="images/i_235.jpg" alt="" /> -</div> -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter"> -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_236">{236}</span></p> - -<h2 class="nobreak" id="LITTLE_KARIN1" title="LITTLE KARIN.">LITTLE KARIN.<a id="FNanchor_1" href="#Footnote_1" class="fnanchor">[1]</a></h2> -</div> -<p class="ph3">Translated from the Swedish by the Rev. LEWIS BORRETT WHITE, D.D.</p> - - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> - <div class="stanza"> - <div class="verse indent0"><span class="smcap">Among</span> the serving maidens</div> - <div class="verse indent2">In the young king’s royal Hall,</div> - <div class="verse indent0">None shone like little Karin,</div> - <div class="verse indent2">A star among them all.</div> - </div> - <div class="stanza"> - <div class="verse indent0">Just like a star she shone forth,</div> - <div class="verse indent2">Among the serving folk,</div> - <div class="verse indent0">And thus the young king, smiling,</div> - <div class="verse indent2">To little Karin spoke.</div> - </div> - <div class="stanza"> - <div class="verse indent0">“Oh, hear thou, little Karin,</div> - <div class="verse indent2">Oh, say thou wilt be mine;</div> - <div class="verse indent0">Grey horse and golden saddle</div> - <div class="verse indent2">Shall surely then be thine.”</div> - </div> - <div class="stanza"> - <div class="verse indent0">“Grey horse and golden saddle,</div> - <div class="verse indent2">They are not meet for me;</div> - <div class="verse indent0">To thy young queen oh, give them,</div> - <div class="verse indent2">Leave me with honour free.”</div> - </div> - <div class="stanza"> - <div class="verse indent0">“Oh, hear thou, little Karin,</div> - <div class="verse indent2">Oh, say thou wilt be mine,</div> - <div class="verse indent0">My crown all bright and golden</div> - <div class="verse indent2">Shall surely then be thine.”</div> - </div> - <div class="stanza"> - <div class="verse indent0">“Thy crown so bright and golden,</div> - <div class="verse indent2">It is not meet for me;</div> - <div class="verse indent0">To thy young queen oh, give it,</div> - <div class="verse indent2">Leave me with honour free.”</div> - </div> - <div class="stanza"> - <div class="verse indent0">“Oh, hear thou, little Karin,</div> - <div class="verse indent2">Oh, say thou wilt be mine;</div> - <div class="verse indent0">The half my royal kingdom</div> - <div class="verse indent2">Shall surely then be thine.”</div> - </div> - <div class="stanza"> - <div class="verse indent0">“The half thy royal kingdom,</div> - <div class="verse indent2">It is not meet for me;</div> - <div class="verse indent0">On thy young queen bestow it,</div> - <div class="verse indent2">Leave me with honour free.”</div> - </div> - <div class="stanza"> - <div class="verse indent0">“Oh, hear thou, little Karin,</div> - <div class="verse indent2">If thou wilt not be mine,</div> - <div class="verse indent0">There is a spikéd barrel</div> - <div class="verse indent2">I’ll have thee placed within.”</div> - </div> - <div class="stanza"> - <div class="verse indent0">“Though there’s a spikéd barrel,</div> - <div class="verse indent2">And I am placed within,</div> - <div class="verse indent0">God’s angels will behold me,</div> - <div class="verse indent2">That I am free from sin.”</div> - </div> - <div class="stanza"> - <div class="verse indent0">So placed they little Karin,</div> - <div class="verse indent2">In spikéd barrel bound,</div> - <div class="verse indent0">And the king’s cruel horseboys,</div> - <div class="verse indent2">They rolled it round and round.</div> - </div> - <div class="stanza"> - <div class="verse indent0">Then two white doves from Heaven</div> - <div class="verse indent2">Came down so peacefully,</div> - <div class="verse indent0">They took up little Karin,</div> - <div class="verse indent2">And then the doves were three.</div> - </div> -</div> -</div> - -<div class="figcenter illowp100" id="i_236a" style="max-width: 50em;"> - <img class="w100" src="images/i_236a.jpg" alt="" /> -</div> - - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2 class="nobreak" id="THE_INHERITANCE_OF_A_GOOD_NAME">THE INHERITANCE OF A GOOD NAME.</h2> -</div> -<p class="ph3"><span class="smcap">By</span> LOUISA MENZIES.</p> - - -<h3>CHAPTER I.</h3> - -<div class="ddropcapbox illowe9_375" id="i_236b"> - <img class="w100 idropcap" src="images/i_236b.jpg" alt="T" /> -</div><p><span class="uppercase">hat</span> this world is -only a very small -part of the universe, -and that the -life of man upon -this globe is but -a very small part -of that eternity to -which he is heir, is -indicated by a -thousand circumstances -in the life of every day, and by none -more strikingly than by the failures, the disappointments, -the total eclipses which sweep -from our sight into the undiscovered country -many a soul resplendent in promise, leaving -no record of them but in the faithful memories -of the few who knew and loved them.</p> - -<p>“He whom God loveth, dieth early,” said -the thoughtful heathen, and it must be confessed -that we are all disposed to hang garlands -on our tombstones and to make heroes -of our dead. Flaws of temper and other foibles -which marred the perfection of those who -were most familiar to us while they were -tossed to and fro on the billows of this -troublesome world, are forgotten for ever when -the lines of care and thought are smoothed -from the brow on which Death has laid his -finger.</p> - -<p>No young soldier left the Crimea with -greater distinction or greater promise than -Michael Fenner, the son of a house which -traced back its ancestors to the reign of -Elizabeth, and to which honour and piety had -always been dearer than riches. He had -entered the army with the true chivalrous -desire to fight for the right, to help the weak, -and confound the tyrant, and, a Christian in -heart and soul, he had maintained the simplicity -and purity of his life alike in the battlefield, -in weary marches, and in seasons of -sickness and depression.</p> - -<p>Self-denying, gracious, and cheery, he was -welcome as the sun in springtime, and many -a groan was stifled and many a muttered -curse was turned into a blessing at the sight -of his kindly blue eyes, at the sound of his -brotherly voice, so that no one grumbled -when he was gazetted captain in his eight and -twentieth year.</p> - -<p>Captain Michael Fenner in active service, -and with the modest fortune which he had -inherited from his parents, thought it no -indiscretion to marry the lady of his love, -Margaret Echlin, the daughter of the Rector -of Oldborough, a village in Warwickshire, -which his family had lived in for many years, -and people called her a lucky woman; for -what distinction was impossible to a man who -had already done so much and done it so -well? Nor was the promise of happiness -altogether belied. Eight years of happy -wedded life followed the happy marriage; two -healthy children, Mark and Eveline, brightened -their home; and as those were years of peace, -Michael was seldom long absent from his -family.</p> - -<p>The Fenners were not rich; but as they -neither of them desired riches, and both had -the happy knack of enjoying what they had -without pining for what they had not, they -took their lives as the gift of the Good Father, -and so all was good to them.</p> - -<p>But there came a day of sore trial, of bitter -sorrow to Margaret, of trial and sorrow which -Michael could not share. It was a day of a -great review, and Michael and his regiment -were to take part in it. His children will -remember to their dying day the bright face -that kissed them, the gay plumes, the flash -of gold and steel, and all the brilliant show -that rode forth from the barrack yard.</p> - -<p>Half an hour, and the accident had happened -which made them orphans and their -mother a widow. Captain Fenner was riding -a young horse unaccustomed to the London -streets; he had ridden it in the country for -some months, and being a perfect horseman, -mounted without apprehension, but, unhappily, -the nervous creature took fright, and, -after a wild rush of some two or three hundred<span class="pagenum" id="Page_237">{237}</span> -yards, flung his rider heavily on the -pavement. To the amazement and horror of -everyone he was taken up lifeless. Without a -word, without a look, he was gone for ever -from among men.</p> - -<p>The event was too solemn to be mourned -in the ordinary way. Men gazed at each other -with white, awestruck faces, and spoke beneath -their breath, as he was borne back to -the home which he had just quitted in full -health and strength. How many weak-hearted, -weak-willed men, who lived for their own -pleasure, with scarce a consciousness of the -higher life, might have been taken and the -world not palpably the worse; but this strong-hearted, -strongwilled man, on the very threshold -of a noble career, lay slain by what seemed the -merest accident in the heart of his native -country, almost within sound of his children’s -voices. “Truly the Lord’s ways are not our -ways, and they are wonderful in our eyes.”</p> - -<p>Margaret sat stunned in her sorrow. Deep -in her smitten heart lay the consciousness that -with him all was well; softly in the sleepless -night she whispered his name, softly her cold -hands lingered on the heads and hair of her -children; but her eyes were dry, her voice -dead within her, until her friends, in a mistaken -hope of helping her, consulted together -in her hearing about taking away the children. -Then the strong chill gave way, the blood -rushed into her pale cheeks, she stood up, and, -holding each child by the shoulder, she looked -into the faces of her amazed friends.</p> - -<p>“Bear with me,” she said; and her voice -was dry and hard, but it became more natural -as she proceeded. “Bear with me for awhile; -I am weak, but I shall be strong in time. -These are Michael’s children; you must not -take them from me.” Then bending down to -her children she kissed them, praying them -also to be patient with her, and said they -would help each other, and, from that day -forward she was first in their thoughts, they -in hers. With patient care she devoted herself -to all the duties of that sad time, and -when Michael Fenner was laid to rest in the -country churchyard, where many of his forefathers -slept, she set herself to master all the -circumstances of her position, and to ascertain -the means at her disposal for her own maintenance -and the maintenance and education of -her children. Friends shook their heads and -pitied “those poor Fenners,” but there was -not one with whom Margaret would have -changed lots; for had she not the memory of -her love and the care of those little children -who were his as well as hers?</p> - -<p>A careful consideration of her circumstances -convinced Mrs. Fenner that it would not be -desirable for her to inhabit the house at Oldborough, -for though it was a modest house -enough for a family to live in, she felt herself -unequal to manage the farm which belonged -to it, and she knew that her pension would not -enable her to keep it up comfortably, besides, -before long it would be necessary for Mark at -least to go to school, and the nearest town -was ten miles from Oldborough. So Oldborough -Lodge was let to an Indian family -who were in search of just such a home, and -the farm was retained by the farmer, who had -held it ever since Michael’s father had died, -some fifteen years before; while Mrs. Fenner -and her children moved to a pretty little -cottage, which was fortunately to let, near the -ancient city of Sunbridge, in the parish -adjacent to which her brother was rector, -because she was deeply attached to her -brother, and because both he and his wife were -of opinion that it would be a great advantage -to Mark to study with their son Gilbert, until -the boys should be old enough to go to school.</p> - -<p>The Rev. James Echlin, Rector of Rosenhurst, -near Sunbridge, was one of those -amiable and accomplished men, to whom, in -their curate period, everything seems possible, -everything probable; and when it was announced -that Lady Elgitha Manners, aunt to -the young Earl of Seven Beeches, had determined -to bestow her inestimable self and all -the weight of her aristocratic connections upon -him, it was accepted as an event quite within -the range of the proprieties, and the favoured -few among his congregation to whom the -great news was first communicated, assured -each other that it was no wonder, and that -they should see him a bishop before many -years were over their heads. The Reverend -James, who, like his sister, was disposed to -think rather too humbly of himself, was -amazed at his own good fortune, and meekly -submitted himself to it; but his wise father -shook his head, and his mother, though rather -dazzled by the brilliancy of the connection, felt -that it would have been more comfortable if -James had married a woman more in their own -rank. Indeed, the man who marries a wife, -who condescends to his alliance, is seldom to -be envied, and, though James Echlin’s sweet -nature prevented his chafing under it, it was -by no means good for him or for his children -that the Lady Elgitha, in right of her superior -knowledge of the world, and of her family -connections, exercised the <i>summum imperium</i> -in all household arrangements.</p> - -<p>Of their eight children only two, Gilbert -Manners, the eldest, and Elgitha Manners, the -youngest, lived past infancy. Gilbert was a -handsome boy, well grown and vigorous -enough, but Elgitha was long a frail, little -maid, who seemed likely to be added to the -row of tiny mounds under the chancel window, -which were all that remained to tell of the six -infant Manners Echlins who had spread their -wings and joined the innumerable throng of -infant angels.</p> - -<p>Like most ruling ladies, the Lady Elgitha -had her favourite, and this favourite was—as -was but natural—her son: for had he not -paid her the initiatory compliment of inheriting -her aquiline features? and as he grew up -were not his tastes and feelings in charming -harmony with her own? While a child in the -nursery he eschewed fairy tales “as rubbish,” -and when he became a boy, and went to -school, learning as learning was a bore; and -he early adopted it as a maxim to give his -attention to nothing that “didn’t pay”—an -expression which charmed his mother by its -shrewdness, but strangely chilled his father, -who, in all his life, had never taken such a -consideration into account.</p> - -<p>With a sense of the vital importance of modern -languages which is impressed on the brain -of our female aristocracy, Lady Elgitha had imported -to Sunbridge first a Parisian <i>bonne</i>, then -a German; and Gilbert, Mark, and Eveline had -the opportunity of acquiring a <i>patois</i> which -familiarised them with the names of ordinary -things, and, it may be, facilitated their subsequent -studies in both languages; but little -Elgitha was too delicate in the early years of -her life to be trusted either to <i>bonne</i> or -<i>fräulein</i>, and she was permitted to repose on -the ample bosom of a comfortable Englishwoman, -who was as sweet as a clover-field -and about as intelligent; and while she -nursed and tended the frail little body, had -not the remotest notion of in any way disturbing -the little brain, but was more than -satisfied to see repeated in his little daughter -the features and the sweetness of her father.</p> - -<p>When Gilbert had attained his seventh -year, Lady Elgitha decreed that an erudite -curate should be sought out, who, in addition -to his clerical duties, should instruct both -boys in the mysteries of the Latin grammar, -and should prepare Gilbert for Eton, and -Mark for the local grammar school, which had -a very good reputation; and so, for three -years, the boys worked together under the -guidance of the Rev. Theophilus Wilkins, -who, having rather overtaxed his brain by -taking a “double first” at Oxford, was not -sorry to rest a little by going back to first -principles with the cousins, the elder of whom -was interesting as the grandson of an earl, -while the orphanage of the younger could -hardly fail to awaken his sympathy.</p> - -<p>As was natural, Gilbert took the lead, and -was always the person most considered, but -Mark had an innate love of learning, which -made him accept with eagerness whatever was -offered to him. From the day when a six years’ -child he spelt out the mysteries of “haec -musa” to that when he gave proof of accomplished -scholarship by carrying off the first -honours of his school, it never occurred to -Mark to clip his studies by a careful selection -of what would carry him through an examination, -too much engrossed by learning to -count personal profit or want of profit in the -matter; while Gilbert from his tenderest years -showed a precocious esteem for “what would -pay” and a profound unwillingness to learn -anything for its own sake; so that when he -was ten years old, it being found that Mark -was in all respects in advance of his cousin, -Lady Elgitha decreed that it was waste of -time for Mark to study at home any longer, -and that Gilbert had better be sent to one of -those feeders of Eton where the subjects of -study are strictly narrowed to suit the demands -of that seat of learning; and in due course -Gilbert Manners Echlin, having passed through -the congenial mill of the Rev. Edward Thornborough, -at Staines, took a good place on his -entrance, and was fairly launched into the sea -of public school life. His grandfather and his -uncle being earls, and his father a parson, he -was not particularly badgered on his first -coming; he was sufficiently aristocratic in -countenance and bearing to pass muster with -the boys, and sufficiently ready with his lessons -to escape the censure of masters.</p> - -<p>Mark Fenner, meanwhile, diligently attended -the Grammar School at Sunbridge, -walking to and fro summer and winter, wet -and dry, and, with his bright, cheery face and -steady ways, won the love of masters and of -boys, and worked his way with quiet perseverance -to the top of the school. It never occurred -to him to envy Gilbert his fine clothes -or the guineas he jingled in his pockets when -he came to the cottage to say good-bye; and -he submitted with an easy grace to the airs of -patronage which his cousin assumed. It was -natural, he thought, that his Aunt Elgitha’s -son should go to Eton, and it was equally -natural and right that he himself should work -out his lessons without other aid than that of -dictionary and grammar by the light of his -mother’s lamp in the cottage parlour, occasionally -refreshing himself by a half-unconscious -glance at the enlarged photograph over -the mantelpiece, which was the only portrait -they had of their father, and which, dull and -poor as it was in comparison with the bright -presence which had passed away, was yet an -outward visible sign of it very dear to the -three who called the cottage home.</p> - -<p>In countenance Mark was not at all like -his father, resembling his mother in feature -and complexion; but many a time and oft the -widow’s heart beat and tears rose in her eyes -as she recognised in her boy traits which assured -her of that higher affinity of heart and -mind which is infinitely deeper than any trick -of feature or complexion. It is a mistake to -suppose that because boys are often rough in -speech and careless in manner there is any -reason for it in their boyhood, and though -the braggart and the bully naturally attract -most attention, and do what they can to spoil -the beauty of the little republics in which they -live, we confidently believe that there are -hundreds of boys who have no taste for bullying -and coarse talking any more than for lying -and thieving, and who pass through their -school career pure in speech and gentle in<span class="pagenum" id="Page_238">{238}</span> -nature. Certainly Mark Fenner never need -have blushed if his mother had heard all he -said any more than if she had read the thoughts -of his heart; yet Mark was almost as good in -the cricket-field as in the school-room, he was -an adroit swimmer, a stout wrestler, and, -better than all, an excellent walker.</p> - -<p>Eveline, who was just two years younger -than her brother, was a bright, healthy damsel, -not specially clever, but one of those girls -who have a truly feminine and harmonising -influence in families, modest and happy in -temper, always more occupied by care for -others than for herself. She had acquired -most of her knowledge from her mother, and -would have been pronounced by many a -young lady of the nineteenth century “frightfully -ignorant.” I am afraid it would have -cost her some thought to define what is -meant by physical, political, and commercial -geography; physiology as a science was unknown -to her, but she had been an apt pupil -in those graces which no board of examiners -can gauge, but without which English homes -would never have been the desire and the admiration -of foreigners, the safety and the -comfort of her sons.</p> - -<p>Eveline was sufficiently well-read to take an -interest in wholesome books and understand -political questions, when they were discussed; -and for this she was much indebted to her -uncle, with whom she was a great favourite, -and whom she often accompanied on his parish -rambles, when he beguiled the way and relieved -his own heart by gently philosophising -after a fashion too ideal to find favour with -Lady Elgitha, but which sounded very sweetly -in the ears of the young Eveline.</p> - -<p>And so the years sped on. Gilbert had left -Eton with fair credit, but without having -attained any distinction, and was making up -his mind what he should do next—a process -that occupied him some months, and which, -but for the pressure of circumstances, which -his mother regarded as cruel, he might never -have achieved; but she was well aware that -his father could not live for ever, that her -fortune would be too small to support him, -when divided, as by her father’s will it must -be, between her children. The church, the -army, the bar, which was it to be? The church -was perhaps the easiest; it would not cost -Gilbert much trouble to take a respectable -degree, and there was a good living in the -family; but the living was in Northamptonshire, -in a part of the country which Gilbert -knew and did not admire; besides, a country -life, even with all the amenities of Sunbridge -within easy reach, did not suit him. He would -have preferred the army if he could have been -guaranteed against heavy campaigning, and -if the examinations for the higher branches of -the service had not been so stiff. As to law, it -was horrid all round, absolutely nothing to be -got without burning the midnight oil, a process -to which, in its classic sense, Gilbert had a -special objection, though he testified no aversion -to midnight gas. So the months passed, until -the time came for Mark to leave school, which -he did after having been captain for a couple -of years, with a long row of charmingly-bound -prize books and a very good scholarship to -Trinity College, Cambridge.</p> - -<p>Then Lady Elgitha, finding her son no -nearer to a conclusion, decreed that he also -should go to Cambridge; all her family who -were not in the army had gone to Cambridge; -but as Gilbert had not the gift of plodding, a -smaller college, his father’s, Corpus, was chosen -for him. Boys of his age seldom cared for the -church; he would probably come round in a -year or two, and then he would be in the right -road for it.</p> - -<p>Mark was sure to do well. He had had -nothing to do at Sunbridge but work, -whereas poor Gilbert had been so distracted -at Eton by games, society, etc., etc. Mark -would distinguish himself. He could hardly -help doing so, and no doubt would be glad -of the opportunity to do his cousin a service -in return for the many benefits he and his -mother and sister had received from his -uncle.</p> - -<p>The seven years which the boys had spent -apart, except during holidays, had widened -the natural gulf between them; and when -Mark, in obedience to his aunt’s wish, offered -to read with Gilbert, he found the task no -easy one. Gilbert professed an abomination -for mathematics, and by his ignorance of the -first principles, seemed to justify the opinion -generally entertained of the perfection in -which the study is ignored in the old schools.</p> - -<p>“It’s just horrid, old man!” he exclaimed -one morning, after half-an-hour’s study, -thrusting his long fingers through his fair -hair. “I’m awfully sorry for you having to -grind away at it.”</p> - -<p>“But I like it!” said Mark, mind and eyes -deep in his geometry. “Just listen, Gilbert. -I do think I see another solution.”</p> - -<p>“Another solution!” cried Gilbert, in -despair. “Just as if one was not enough.”</p> - -<p>“But it’s so interesting,” persisted Mark. -“If you’d only give your mind to it, I’m sure -you’d like it; it is so pretty.”</p> - -<p>“Where’s the good? I’m not going in for -a don. I shall scrape through when the time -comes, never fear. Hullo! There’s St. Maur -and Tullietudlem in a tandem. Splendid, -isn’t it? How will Tullie ever get that wild -filly of his round the corner? There! I knew -it. Down goes the old woman—wagon, -Tullie, and St. Maur on the top of her. -There’ll be a row!”</p> - -<p>“They’ll have something to pay, at all -events,” said Mark, looking up, but still deep -in his problem.</p> - -<p>“Never a bit. A sovereign to the old -woman. She’s used to it. Nothing will ever -teach Tullie to handle the ribbons. Never -could at Eton; and his sister’s such a splendid -whip. I wonder where they were going to! -Newmarket, perhaps. St. Maur’s uncle is -running a two-year-old. O, bother, Mark! -I can’t be worried now. The very look of -those figures makes me sick! I shall get up -enough to scrape through, never fear. I’m -strong in classics.”</p> - -<p>“All right, old fellow,” said Mark, shutting -up his book. “Then you won’t want me. -Tell me if you do, you know. I’ll come in -any day.”</p> - -<p>“Thanks, a thousand times. It is no good -working against the grain, is it? My head is -all in a whirl with that stupid geometry.”</p> - -<p>Internally wondering at the stupefying -effect of the geometry he had not done on -his cousin’s brain, but too happy to escape to -his own quiet room, Mark Fenner ran with -the speed of a lover across the familiar flags, -and buried himself until lunch time in his -favourite study.</p> - -<p>At half-past one his friend, John Mildmay, -came in for lunch and for a chat; and the -lads ate their bread-and-butter and pressed -beef, flanked with a jug of college ale, with a -keen appetite and much pleasant talk about -men and things. The meal ended, they -started for their afternoon walk along the -banks of the Cam, interchanging many a -cheery greeting with friends on land and river, -invigorating mind and body by sufficient and -temperate exercise, and taking care to be back -in time for “chapel,” which they attended in -the loveliest of chapels—aëry and exquisite -King’s.</p> - -<p>So to Mark Fenner Cambridge was what it -should be—a home of intellectual effort, of -happy and reposeful thought, sweetened by -the companionship of chosen friends, mostly -men of very moderate means like himself, to -whom the Alma Mater was holding out her -protecting arms. Some men of his cousin’s -set made overtures to him—men whose -fathers remembered his father; but Mark had -the courage to decline their invitations, and -to keep to the work he had set himself to do; -and when the term was ended, and the lads -went home, Mark’s cheeks were round and -rosy, while Gilbert looked so thin and pale -that his mother was alarmed lest he had been -doing too much.</p> - -<p>“Very possibly, my dear,” said the rector, -to whom she imparted her fears, with his -sweet sad smile, “but not too much work; -Gilbert is innocent of that, I am sure.”</p> - -<p>“I do not think you ever have understood -the poor boy, James. He is not a book-worm, -like Mark, of course, no Manners ever was; it -is unfortunate for him that he does take so -much after my family.”</p> - -<p>“You are the best judge of that, Elgitha; -he certainly does not appear to me much to -resemble any of my people. Perhaps, as far -as this world is concerned, it is all the better -for him.”</p> - -<p>“I don’t know why you should say that, -James,” said Lady Elgitha, rather reproachfully; -“surely your lot has fallen in pleasant -places.”</p> - -<p>“I did not mean to complain, my dear; my -fortune is much above my deserts. If I should -like to see Gilbert more studious, it is perhaps -from a selfish wish to have him more in -sympathy with myself—not that I am much of -a student, I am but an idle fellow, God help -me, enjoying my pleasant, easy life here with -you, Margaret, and the girls.”</p> - -<p>“Everybody must be happy in his own -way,” said Lady Elgitha. “Gilbert would -never be happy as a parson; it is my belief -that he wants an active life. I must write -to the Earl about him—something in the -Treasury now.”</p> - -<p>“My dear, your nephew cannot nominate -as your father and grandfather did. Gilbert -must stand the test of an examination; if he -cannot satisfy the examiners, no amount of -blue blood will avail him.”</p> - -<p>“According to that, Mark will have the -best chance in the world.”</p> - -<p>“And everywhere else,” said the rector. -“I only wish our Gilbert had half the chances -of Margaret’s fatherless boy. Michael Fenner, -though dead, has done more for his son than -I for mine. Gilbert is selfish, idle, almost -illiterate, and I look with shame on the -virtues of my nephew who has had so much -less done for him.”</p> - -<p>“Why, Rector, what has given you such a -fit of the blues this afternoon?” exclaimed -Lady Elgitha, regarding him with amazed -alarm.</p> - -<p>The rector attempted some jest, and calling -his little daughter, set out on his usual afternoon -peregrination, while Lady Elgitha, -seriously disturbed, reflected whether it would -be advisable to calm his troubled mind by a -course of globules, or to divert his thoughts -by a dinner party or a tennis tournament.</p> - -<p class="center">(<i>To be continued.</i>)</p> - -<div class="figcenter illowp100" id="i_238" style="max-width: 28.125em;"> - <img class="w100" src="images/i_238.jpg" alt="" /> -</div> -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter"> -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_239">{239}</span></p> - -<h2 class="nobreak" id="VARIETIES">VARIETIES.</h2> -</div> - - -<p class="p2"><span class="smcap">Other People’s Vanity.</span>—What renders -the vanity of others insupportable is that it -wounds our own.—<i>La Rochefoucauld.</i></p> - - -<p class="p2"><span class="smcap">Busy with Trifles.</span>—Those who bestow -too much application on trifling things become -generally incapable of great ones.—<i>La Rochefoucauld.</i></p> - - -<p class="p2"><span class="smcap">Heads and Hearts.</span>—A man with a bad -heart has been sometimes saved by a strong -head, but a corrupt woman is lost for ever.—<i>Coleridge.</i></p> - - -<p class="p2"><span class="smcap">Love-Letters.</span>—To write a good love-letter, -you ought to begin without knowing -what you mean to say and to finish without -knowing what you have written.—<i>Rousseau.</i></p> - - -<p class="p2"><span class="smcap">Lovers’ Talk.</span>—The reason why lovers are -never weary of being together is because they -are always talking of themselves.</p> - - -<p class="center p2"><span class="smcap">A Tale of a Yorkshire Wife.</span></p> - -<p><span class="smcap">The</span> Yorkshire people of the West Riding, -according to Mrs. Gaskell, are “sleuth -hounds” after money, and in illustration of -this characteristic we may take the following -anecdote:—</p> - -<p>Not far from Bradford an old couple lived -on their farm. The good man had been ill -for some time, when the practitioner who -attended him advised that a physician should -be summoned from Bradford for a consultation.</p> - -<p>The doctor came, looked into the case, gave -his opinion, and, descending from the sick-room -to the kitchen, was there accosted by -the old woman with “Well, doctor, what is -your charge?”</p> - -<p>“My fee is a guinea.”</p> - -<p>“A guinea, doctor! a guinea! And if you -come again will it be another guinea?”</p> - -<p>“Yes.”</p> - -<p>“A guinea, doctor! Hech!”</p> - -<p>The old woman rose and went upstairs to -her husband’s bedroom, and the doctor, who -waited below, heard her say—</p> - -<p>“He charges a guinea, and if he comes -again it’ll be another guinea. Now, what do -you say? If I were ye I’d say no, like a -Britoner; and I’d die first.”</p> - - -<p class="p2"><span class="smcap">Pleasant Surprises.</span>—Human nature is -pliable, and perhaps the pleasantest surprises -of life are found in discovering the things we -can do when forced.</p> - - -<p class="p2"><span class="smcap">An Obstacle to Happiness.</span>—There is -in all of us an impediment to perfect happiness—namely, -weariness of the things which -we possess and a desire for the things which -we have not.</p> - - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2 class="nobreak" id="ANSWERS_TO_CORRESPONDENTS">ANSWERS TO CORRESPONDENTS.</h2> -</div> - - -<h3>EDUCATIONAL.</h3> - -<div class="blockquot_ans"> - -<p><span class="smcap">Miss Beale</span>, <span class="smcap">Ada Crossley</span>, <span class="smcap">Delectus</span>, <span class="smcap">Admirer -of the G. O. P.</span>, <span class="smcap">Constance Sutherland</span>, <span class="smcap">Gertrude</span> -and <span class="smcap">Ronvad</span>, <span class="smcap">Mardi</span>, <span class="smcap">Tadman</span> and <span class="smcap">Crossley</span>.—We -thank Miss Beale for sending us the prospectus -of the Guild of the Cheltenham Ladies’ -College, the object of which is to give information to -its old pupils and others, of essay, reading, and other -societies, so as to help in their own self-improvement -and in work for others; general secretary, Mrs. -Ashley Smith, Ivy House, Bilston, Staffordshire. -Miss Tadman is thanked for her prospectus of the -Kingston Reading Club, of which she is hon. -secretary; her address is 100, Coltman-street, Hull, -Yorkshire. Mardi is also thanked for that of the -Glamorgan Reading Society, of which Miss C. -Lewis is the hon. secretary; address, 49, Richmond-road, -Cardiff, Wales. She wishes it to be understood -that it is not confined to Glamorganshire. Our -other correspondents above-named we may refer to -the shilling “Directory of Girls’ Clubs” (Griffith -and Farran, St. Paul’s-churchyard, E.C.), where -they will find what they require. Machiavelli’s -works are translated into French by Periés, 1823-6, -in twelve volumes, and Macaulay wrote an essay -upon them. March 24th, 1869, was a Wednesday. -Eleven early-rising societies are named in the -directory, including Miss Kempe’s.</p> -</div> - - -<h3>ART.</h3> - -<div class="blockquot_ans"> - -<p><span class="smcap">Die junge Maus.</span>—Although you have attained to -the patriarchal age of twenty-one, and your bones -have only just become hard, we see no objection to -your learning to paint. There are works on the -subject you name in French as well as English. -Write to the publisher, Mr. Tarn. Ours is the -editorial department.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Emily Kaighin.</span>—A milking-stool is round in the -seat, about ten inches in diameter, and has three -wooden legs sloping outwards. People use it more -as a means for the practice of their artistic ideas -than as a restful appliance.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">May.</span>—To remove a photo from a dirty mount, cut -away all the margin of the latter and put it to float -in a plate of clean tepid water. Should it fail to -become detached, hold it with the back near the fire, -and you will then peel it off. Sometimes a solution -of indiarubber is used in mounting (improperly so, -we think), and this is the best plan to adopt in such -a case.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Photo.</span>—The medium mentioned in “Photographine” -is sold with the apparatus for the art.</p> - -<p>A. M. B.—To acquire the art of painting on glass or -china, you might be taken as an apprentice at -various firms, such as that of Mr. Cameron, 69, -Wigmore-street, Cavendish-square. W.; or the -Messrs. Powell, of the Whitefriars Glass Company, -Whitefriars-street, E.C. This company receives -ladies, who work in a separate room for six hours -daily, and four on Saturdays. The Messrs. Simpson -and Messrs. Mortlock likewise employ ladies. The -average earnings are from £60 to £70 per annum for -the lower branches of art, and as much as £100 for -the higher.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Bull Finch.</span>—We must refer you to the answer above -given to “A. M. B.” You will find plenty of designs -for tile and china painting in the volumes of the -G. O. P. You need not look further.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Would-be Professional.</span>—Certainly, a livelihood -could be made out of wood engraving, but then you -should have more than one qualification for it. -Practical skill, persevering industry, good sight, a -firm, steady, yet delicate touch, and natural artistic -taste. The work has the advantage of being home -work, and needs little outlay—a good set of tools, -and the boxwood blocks purchased as required. A -skilled engraver can earn from £3 upwards a week. -If you study at the South London Technical Art -School, 122 and 124, Kennington Park-road, you will -have £3 to pay per annum for fees, half-yearly and -in advance. When you have acquired the art, -illustrate some popular work or picture initial letters -for articles, and little end sketches for the same, and -take them to publishers as specimens. You might -obtain advice at the central office of the City and -Guilds of London Institute, Gresham College, London, -E.C. The director and secretary is Philip -Magnus, Esq.</p> -</div> - - -<h3>MISCELLANEOUS.</h3> - -<div class="blockquot_ans"> - -<p><span class="smcap">Young Inquirer.</span>—1. Yes, there is such a thing as a -“singing flame,” and it is not like a singing kettle -nor a windy gaspipe, and is as great a wonder as the -fabulous “singing tree,” had that been real. A very -delicate jet of flame, introduced through a small pipe -into a narrow glass tube of a foot long, will respond -to the singing of any one note, if set in tune to it. -Professor Tyndall says, “With a little practice, one -is able to command a flame to sing and to stop singing, -while it strictly obeys the injunction. When the -proper pitch has been ascertained the experiment is -sure to succeed; and, from a distance of twenty or -thirty feet, the flame when sung to is caused to sing -responsively. If it do not respond, it is because it -has not been spoken to in the proper tone; but a note -of somewhat higher pitch causes it to stretch its -tongue and sing vigorously.” 2. The 1st of April, -1869, was a Thursday.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Faith, Hope, and Charity.</span>—See “Practical Hints -About the Growth of the Hair,” in our part for -July, 1885. The name Thames is derived from the -Attic word <i>Tamh</i>, signifying “quiet,” the Saxon -<i>Temese</i>, the Latin <i>Tamesis</i>. Possibly the latter may -contain the origin of the name Isis, as given to the -river at Oxford.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Eileen.</span>—Yes, Ireland was anciently called Insula -Sacra, so Festus Airenus affirmed; but it must be -noted that this author wrote in the fourth century, -and this was before St. Patrick established Christianity -there. Also, the name given to Ireland was -not exclusively a distinctive one, for the Isle of -Samothrace was also entitled the Sacred Isle. -Another name for Ireland was Muic Innis, or Isle -of Muc, Muc being the name applied to the divinity -as worshipped by them, and signified “sacred.” -Beautiful as much of the country is, any visitor would -be struck with the appropriate selection of the latter -name (according to its English sound and meaning) -after seeing the filthy surroundings and habits of the -natives, the pigs, poultry, and human kind wallowing -together within the same mud walls, and by -preference!</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Zearn.</span>—A butler has the care of the wine cellar, decants -the wine, and serves it at table. He places the -chief dish on the table, or carves it at the side table, and -his place is behind his master’s chair, while the footman -(if one) stands behind his mistress. The butler -also stands behind the footman when the latter opens -the hall door to visitors. The servant, improperly -called a butler, who holds a single-handed place -combines the duties of both butler and footman, with -the exception of the care of the wine cellar, unless -in exceptional cases of special trust.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">A Reader.</span>—The initials R.S.V.P. are those of the -French phrase <i>Répondez, s’il vous plaît</i>, “Answer, -if you please.” Painting in oils is much easier than -in water-colours, as mistakes can be rectified and improvements -made.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Honolulu.</span>—The quotation you give—</p> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> - <div class="stanza"> - <div class="verse indent0">“Alas! how easily things go wrong;</div> - <div class="verse indent0">A sigh too deep, or a kiss too long,</div> - <div class="verse indent0">And then comes a mist and a weeping rain,</div> - <div class="verse indent0">And life is never the same again,”</div> - </div> -</div> -</div> - -<p class="noindent">is taken from “Planlastes,” a fairy story, by George -McDonald.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Marandana.</span>—Introduce the inferior to the superior, -the young to the older, and, in due courtesy, the -man to the woman. Read our series of articles on -good breeding, especially that entitled “The Habits -of Polite Society.”</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">G. N. Oetzmann.</span>—You might arrange your meals -thus:—A cup of tea, coffee, or cocoa, and a slice of -bread and butter before starting, and put a captain’s -biscuit or two in your pocket for 11 a.m.; dine at -1 p.m.; take a cup of chocolate or tea at 4 p.m., and -a substantial tea at 7 p.m. No supper is needed -after that.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Battenberg.</span>—Your handwriting is clear, but not -pretty, and you must beware of flourishes.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">A Scotch Sunbeam.</span>—We are sorry to hear that you -suffer so much. Accept our thanks for so kind and -grateful a letter, and sincere wishes for your speedy -restoration. Your handwriting shows a good foundation -for a nice running hand by-and-by.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">English Churchman.</span>—The Orders as now existing -in the Established Church are derived from St. -Augustine of Canterbury. Although St. Joseph of -Arimathea brought the Christian faith to Britain in -the first century, the reception of it was very partial, -and the mission of St. Eleutherius in the second -century established a line of sixteen archbishops, the -last of whom, Theanus, was driven from his see into -Wales about 587. Here a Primitive church of Eastern -origin was already in existence, and when the second -Roman mission was sent over by Gregory, through -Augustine, and established Christianity in the south-eastern -part of Britain, the little mission church in -North Wales was still existing, and protested against -any usurpation of authority by the newly-planted -Church of Canterbury. At the same time we cannot -trace any Orders in the Established Church derived -from them, although we have historic evidence of a -primacy in the reign of King Arthur being removed -from Caerleon to Llandaff, and thence to St. -David’s.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Daisy.</span>—We think if you belong to the Young -Women’s Christian Association you should apply -to Miss A. Gough, 17, Old Cavendish-street, W., for -information. Most of the homes of rest are open on -payment of 10s. a week. There is one at about that -price at Cobham, Surrey; Church-stile House. -Apply to Miss Blunt, 3, Portman-square, W. You -might also apply to the sister in charge of St. -Gabriel’s Home of Rest, Lennard-road, Folkestone,<span class="pagenum" id="Page_240">{240}</span> -where the terms are moderate; or St. Mary’s Home, -near Uckfield, Fletching. Apply to the lady superintendent. -Designed for ladies requiring rest or -change, 10s. a week.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Miss Goudge.</span>—The phrase you give appears to be -made up of certain passages of Holy Writ. See -1st Tim. vi. 4, 5, 20, and 2nd Tim. ii. 23.</p> - -<p>E. A. L.—We think you had better look out the word -“supernatural” in the dictionary.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Bishop.</span>—Canons are residentiary members of a -cathedral chapter, of which the dean is the chief. -The office was instituted in the eighth century, -and their duty is to act as the advisers of the bishop. -They do receive salaries, varying in amount. Archdeacons -take precedence of them. They act as the -representatives and delegates of the bishops, especially -in the duty of parochial visitation. Their office -dates from the fifth century. Their salary is very -trifling, supposed only to cover the cost of their -journeys. A prebendary has a right to a stall in -the choir of a cathedral church and vote in the -chapter, and to the receipt of certain revenues for -the performance of certain duties in that or a collegiate -church. The office was instituted in the eleventh -century, and may be held by a layman, although -such cases are rare, if actually existing. A rural dean -is a beneficed clergyman charged with the inspection -of a deanery, or sub-division of an archdeaconry, -under the supervision of his bishop. The original -duties of the office are for the most part practically -transferred to the archdeacon.</p> - -<p>W. L.—The first voyage made all round the world -was by a Portuguese commander, who sailed from -San Lucas on September 20th, 1519, in the ship -<i>Vittoria</i>. The name of this pioneer navigator was -Ferdinand Magellan, giving the straits through -which he passed their name. He was killed on the -Philippine Islands the following year, and Sebastian -del Cano brought the ship round the Cape of Good -Hope, and arrived at San Lucas six days within the -three years’ expedition, September 6th, 1522. Five -ships formed the fleet; three lived to go through the -straits with Magellan and his crew; the <i>Vittoria</i> was -the only one that reached home.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">An Italian Girl.</span>—The 30th April, 1866, was a -Monday. The letters <i>i.e.</i> represent the Latin words -<i>id est</i>, or, in English, “that is,” or, more freely -translated, “that means, in other words,” when an -explanation of the words employed is required. The -Jesuits were banished from Portugal in 1759, suppressed -in France 1764, in Spain 1767, and subsequently -in Naples, Parma, and Modena, and in 1773 -Pope Clement XIV. issued a bull, concluding with -the words, “We do extirpate and abolish the Society -of Jesus.” In 1814 Pope Pius VII. re-established it. -A large number of Jesuit priests were executed at -the time you name on account of real or supposed -political intrigues. You write a beautiful hand, and -you have our best wishes.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Seeker of Light.</span>—Our blessed Lord’s atonement on -the Cross was of infinite efficacy, and our sins—even -the most heinous—are those of mere finite creatures. -Thus, “He is able to save to the uttermost.” The -term “scarlet,” as applied to sin, is a figure of -speech. It is not only glaring and conspicuous, but, -as produced in ancient times, it was exceedingly -durable. The Phœnicians were famous for it, and -the Tyrian purple and scarlet were produced from -two little shellfish, the <i>Buccinum</i> and <i>Murex</i>, only -found in perfection on the rocky coast of their -country. The dye when exposed to a bright light -became successively green, blue, red, and deep purple; -and, by washing it in soap and water, of a bright -and permanent crimson. Costly fabrics were twice -dyed, and made so beautiful and so very durable -that they brought fabulous prices. Thus, the allusion -made to a scarlet dye is explained. However deeply -dyed and stained with sin, the precious blood of -Christ can wash the sinner as white as snow. There -is no limit to its cleansing power.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">S. A. Gray.</span>—You would do well to advertise your -autographs and take what you can get for them from -the trade, or else dispose of them by arrangement -with private friends. The <i>Exchange and Mart</i> -would be a good advertising medium.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Three Ignorant Schoolgirls.</span>—You cannot say you -play by <i>hear</i>, but by ear.</p> -</div> - -<div class="figcenter illowp71" id="i_239" style="max-width: 31.25em;"> - <img class="w100" src="images/i_239.jpg" alt="" /> - <div class="caption"><p><b>RULES</b> <span class="allsmcap">I.</span> <span class="allsmcap">NO</span> charge is made for -answering questions</p> - -<div class="blockquot_rules"> - -<p><span class="allsmcap">II.</span> All correspondents to give initials -or pseudonym</p> - -<p><span class="allsmcap">III.</span> The Editor reserves the right -of declining to reply to any -of the questions</p> - -<p><span class="allsmcap">IV.</span> No direct answers can -be sent to the Editor -through the post</p> - -<p><span class="allsmcap">V.</span> No more than two -questions may be -asked in one letter -which must be -addressed -to the Editor of -The Girl’s -Own Paper -56 Paternoster Row -<span class="smcap">London</span> E.C.</p> - -<p><span class="allsmcap">VI.</span> No address of firms -tradesmen or any other -matter of the nature -of an advertisement -will be inserted.</p> -</div> -</div> -</div> - - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<div class="footnotes"><p class="ph3">FOOTNOTES:</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a id="Footnote_1" href="#FNanchor_1" class="label">[1]</a> Translation of an old and very popular Swedish ballad supposed to date from the days of the first introduction of Christianity, and to record the constancy -of a Christian girl—proof against both the allurements and the threats of her heathen master.</p> - -</div> -</div> - - -<hr class="full" /> - -<p>[Transcriber’s Note—the following changes have been made to this text.</p> - -<p>Page 234: Gian-Galleazzo to Gian-Galeazzo—“those of Gian-Galeazzo”.]</p> - -<div style='display:block; margin-top:4em'>*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE GIRL'S OWN PAPER, VOL. VIII, NO. 367, JANUARY 8, 1887 ***</div> -<div style='text-align:left'> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -Updated editions will replace the previous one—the old editions will -be renamed. -</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United -States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. Special rules, set forth in the General Terms of Use part -of this license, apply to copying and distributing Project -Gutenberg™ electronic works to protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG™ -concept and trademark. Project Gutenberg is a registered trademark, -and may not be used if you charge for an eBook, except by following -the terms of the trademark license, including paying royalties for use -of the Project Gutenberg trademark. 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