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diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d7b82bc --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitattributes @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +*.txt text eol=lf +*.htm text eol=lf +*.html text eol=lf +*.md text eol=lf diff --git a/LICENSE.txt b/LICENSE.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6312041 --- /dev/null +++ b/LICENSE.txt @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +This eBook, including all associated images, markup, improvements, +metadata, and any other content or labor, has been confirmed to be +in the PUBLIC DOMAIN IN THE UNITED STATES. + +Procedures for determining public domain status are described in +the "Copyright How-To" at https://www.gutenberg.org. + +No investigation has been made concerning possible copyrights in +jurisdictions other than the United States. Anyone seeking to utilize +this eBook outside of the United States should confirm copyright +status under the laws that apply to them. diff --git a/README.md b/README.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f238f76 --- /dev/null +++ b/README.md @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +Project Gutenberg (https://www.gutenberg.org) public repository for +eBook #65515 (https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/65515) diff --git a/old/65515-0.txt b/old/65515-0.txt deleted file mode 100644 index cdf8bbc..0000000 --- a/old/65515-0.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,5202 +0,0 @@ -The Project Gutenberg eBook of Report on the Migration of Birds in the -Spring and Autumn of 1882, by John A. Harvie Brown - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and -most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms -of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you -will have to check the laws of the country where you are located before -using this eBook. - -Title: Report on the Migration of Birds in the Spring and Autumn of 1882 - Fourth Report, 1882. - -Author: John A. Harvie Brown - John Cordeaux - R. M. Barrington - A. G. More - -Release Date: June 5, 2021 [eBook #65515] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: UTF-8 - -Produced by: Tom Cosmas compiled from files made freely available at The - Internet Archive and placed in the Public Domain. - -*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK REPORT ON THE MIGRATION OF BIRDS -IN THE SPRING AND AUTUMN OF 1882 *** - - - -Transcriber Note - -Text emphasis is denoted as _Italics_. - - - - - REPORT ON THE MIGRATION OF BIRDS - - - FOURTH REPORT, 1882. - - - LONDON: - - PRINTED BY WEST, NEWMAN & CO., 54, HATTON GARDEN - - 1883. - - - - Price Two Shillings. - - - - - REPORT - - ON THE - - MIGRATION OF BIRDS - - IN THE - - SPRING AND AUTUMN OF 1882. - - - BY - - Mr. JOHN A. HARVIE BROWN, Mr. JOHN CORDEAUX, - Mr. R. M. BARRINGTON and Mr. A. G. MORE. - - -"It is much to be wished that some of the light-keepers of our -lighthouses would make notes of their observations concerning seals, -whales, birds, fishes, and other animals. Such records would be -valuable; and might not some of them occupy their leisure hours -in the study of Natural History? ... Interesting observations -would then certainly be made, and new facts added to our stores of -knowledge."--'Chambers' Journal,' p. 831; Dec. 23, 1876. - - - -LONDON: - -PRINTED BY WEST, NEWMAN & CO., 54, HATTON GARDEN. - -1883. - - -(_East Coast of Scotland_, p. 1.) - - "Whither, midst falling dew, - While glow the heavens with the last steps of day, - Far, through their rosy depths, dost thou pursue - Thy solitary way? - * * * * * - Seek'st thou the plashy brink - Of weedy lake, or marge of river wide, - Or where the rocking billows rise and sink - On the chafed ocean's side? - * * * * * - All day thy wings have fanned - At that far height, the cold, thin, atmosphere. - Yet stoop not, weary, to the welcome land, - Though the dark night is near." - -Cullen Bryant. - - -(_East Coast of England_, p. 27.) - -.... "Wild birds that change Their season in the night, and wail their -way From cloud to cloud," .... - - -(_West Coast of Scotland_, p. 55.) - -"Where the Northern Ocean in vast whirls Boils round the naked, -melancholy Isles Of further Thule, .... * * * * * Who can recount what -transmigrations there Are annually made? What nations come and go? And -how the living clouds arise. Infinite wings! till all the plume-dark -air And rude resounding shore are one wild cry?" - - -(_Irish Coast_, p. 73.) - - "Islets, so freshly fair. - That never hath bird come nigh them, - But from his course thro' air - He has been won down by them." - - - - -PREFACE. - - -The following Report contains a summary of investigations of a -Committee, appointed by the British Association for the Advancement -of Science, at Southampton, in 1882, to consist of Professor Newton, -Mr. J. A. Harvie Brown, Mr. John Cordeaux, Mr. Philip M. C. Kermode, -Mr. K. M. Barrington, and Mr. A. G. More, for the purpose of obtaining -(with the consent of the Master and Elder Brethren of the Trinity -House, the Commissioners of Northern Lights, and the Commissioners of -Irish Lights) observations on the Migration of Birds at Lighthouses and -Lightships, and of reporting upon the same at Southport in 1883. Mr. -Cordeaux to be the Secretary. - -An abstract of the Report was read by Mr. John Cordeaux at the Meeting -of the Association, held at Southport, in September, 1883. - -The returns relating to Scotland have been arranged by Mr. J. A. Harvie -Brown; for the East Coast of England, by Mr. Cordeaux; and those for -the Coasts of Ireland, by Mr. R. M. Barrington and Mr. A. G. More. - - -CONTENTS. - - - PAGE - - East Coast of Scotland 1 - - East Coast of England 27 - - West Coast of Scotland 55 - - Irish Coast 73 - - - - -FOURTH REPORT: - -ON THE MIGRATION OF BIRDS IN THE SPRING AND AUTUMN OF 1882. - - -EAST COAST OF SCOTLAND, &c. - -Faroe.--From Faroe, thanks to Herr Müller, we have the following -Report:--In spring one _Recurvirostra avocetta_ was seen on May 30th, -and two Arctic Terns on same day; wind W., and sunshine. Of _Anatidæ_, -_Œdemia nigra_ occurred on May 15th at Strómó, and two, male and -female, on 27th at same place. Two also, male and female, seen at same -place in the plumage of the second year at Kalbat, Strómó, on June -2nd. In autumn,--_i.e._, taking certain occurrences after the middle -of June as "autumn manœuvres,"--of _Turdidæ_, six or more Fieldfares -were killed or seen at Thorshavn on Dec. 7th, easterly breezes having -prevailed. Of _Phylloscopinæ_, a rush of _Regulus cristatus_ appears -to have taken place on Oct. 21st, as many were seen at Thorshavn and -elsewhere, and dead ones brought to Herr Müller. One dead Robin was -brought from Kollefjord, and several more had been seen on the same -date. One _Caprimulgus europæus_ was sent from Gauredal on June 16th. -_Loxia curvirostra_ appeared round Thorshavn for several days, and are -recorded on June 29th, and again on July 9th, on which latter date -those killed with stones at Tofle were in good condition. One Common -Swift was caught on board a fishing-smack midway between Iceland and -Faroe, also on June 29th. One White Wagtail, _Motacilla alba_, appeared -with N. wind on July 30th. One female Roller, _Coracias garrula_, was -shot at Thorshavn on July 22nd, wind E., and one Pomatorhine Skua was -seen on July 25th. One Woodcock was shot in Vaagó, Suderó, during a -S.E. storm, in clear weather; and of _Cygnidæ_, in all eleven--4 and -7--Wild Swans flew past high in air from N.W. to S.E. on Nov. 5th. -On Nov. 4th was N.E. wind, but on 5th N.W. and W. and showery. The -prevailing winds at the Faroe Isles were easterly; in October, from the -7th to the end of the month, steady easterly and S.E. - -The ordinary papers, &c., were sent to thirty stations on the East -Coast of Scotland, Faroe, and Iceland, as was done in 1881. - -Twelve stations on this coast have returned filled-in schedules,--the -same number as in 1881,--out of the twenty-six East Scotch stations. As -formerly, many returns are light, but those from Isle of May, Pentland -Skerries, and Sumburgh Head are fuller than before, again indicating -favourite highway's of migration. Bell Rock returns are also very full, -but not so full as Isle of May nor Pentland Skerries. From Isle of May -alone I have no less than nineteen schedules, and I have also to thank -Mr. Agnew for a jar of forty-three specimens of birds, besides others -sent me in the flesh or carbolised. At another time I intend to write -more fully concerning the birds of the Isle of May, which is a locality -of special interest to the student of migration.[1] From the Pentland -Skerries I have nine filled-in schedules, and from Sumburgh Head four; -from the Bell Rock three closely-filled schedules. - -[Footnote 1: I intend to present the collection of birds formed on -the Isle of May to that station, to lie there in the skin, and serve -both to identify birds in future and to be of interest to visitors who -annually visit the Isle of May.] - -Here follows the usual list of stations issued with each Report on the -same plan as before, the dates of years upon which the various stations -have sent in Reports being shown by asterisks. - -Our thanks are especially due to those observers who have noted, as far -as possible, the _directions of flight_ of the birds noticed. If this -were done at all the stations returning schedules it would in a marked -degree assist our generalisations. - - - East Coast of Scotland. - - 1879, '80, '81, '82. - * * 4. North Uist, Shetland 230 ft. - * * * 5. Whalsey Skerries, Shetland 145 " Nevin Kerr. - * 6. Bressay, Shetland 105 " - * * * * 7. Sumburgh Head, Shetland 300 " J. Wilson. - 7B. Fair Isle ? " - - Orkney. - - * * * * 8. North Ronaldshay 140 " John Tulloch. - 9. Start Point 80 " - * * * * 10. Auskerry 110 " J. Macdonald. - 11. Hoy Sound (Low) 55 " - 12. Hoy Sound (High) 115 " - 13. Cantick Head 115 " - * * * * 14. Pentland Skerries 170 " D. MacDonald. - - Mainland. - - * * * 15. Dunnet Head, Caithness 346 " D. Laidlaw. - 16. Holborn Head, Caithness 75 " - 17. Noss Head, Caithness 175 " - 18. Tarbat Ness, East Ross 175 " - * * 19. Cromarty, East Cromarty 60 " R. S. Ritson. - * 20. Chanonry Point, Elgin 40 " John McGill. - 21. Covesea Skerries, Elgin 160 " - (_a_) 22. Kinnaird Head, Aberdeen 120 " D. M Scott. - 23. Buchan Ness, Aberdeen 130 " - 24. Girdleness, Aberdeen 185 " - 25. Montroseness, Aberdeen 124 " "No birds." - * * * * 26. Bell Rock, Fife Coast 93 " James Jack. - * * * * 27. Isle of May, Firth of Forth 240 " J. Agnew. - * * * 28. Inch Keith, Firth of Forth 220 " R. Grierson. - 29. St. Abb's Head, Berwick 224 " - -(_a_) Describes a bird but no schedule. - - -It will be seen from the above that there is a long extent of -coast-line whence I have scarcely received any returns since the -beginning of the scheme, _viz._, in Aberdeenshire. Is this always -due to actual scarcity of birds there, or to want of observing and -recording? I cannot tell, as I never receive any communications -positive or negative from these stations, except from Girdleness, -whence last year I had a brief return. At Montroseness scarcity of -birds, indeed almost utter absence, is the reason of no returns in -most years, and we can hardly ever expect much from it owing to its -position--"So near the town and all the paraphernalia of commerce," as -Mr. P. E. Reid, the lighthouse-keeper, informs me. He says, "I have -never been at a station where fewer birds come near the light; not over -half a dozen for the past year, and these were, we suspect. Gulls." At -Noss Head, Mr. Alex. Greig, not knowing the names of some of the birds, -thought it "better not to send in a report that would be incorrect"; -but if he sends me in a report on those he does know the name of; or -some dates, and the winds prevailing at the time of great rushes of -birds, without the names of the birds, such would be very useful. -"Small birds" or "large birds" have a value to me in recording, though -the names are not given. That a migration was observable in 1882 at -Noss Head is a _fact_, obtained from Mr. Greig's reply to my post-card, -and may prove a useful fact in arriving some day at conclusions. - -I fear it is not to be expected that we get any returns from the -Whaling Captains, the arduous duties they are engaged in making them -always too glad of complete rest when obtainable. Our thanks are due -to Mr. T. Southwell, however, for speaking to some of them on the -subject; our own application, by distributing circulars at Dundee with -the assistance of Mr. P. Henderson, naturalist of that town, not having -produced any results. - -I have received occasional notes from Mr. Anderson's log, through Mr. -R. Gray (see Gannet, &c.). Mr. Anderson has again taken duty on an -Atlantic Liner, after a temporary engagement in the Mediterranean, so -we may hope to hear further of him and his observations. - -As before, notes I have received from other sources besides the -lighthouses I will enter after the paragraphs on each species or group. -These are to be taken simply as corroborative evidence, or otherwise, -of the lighthouse reports, or as supplementary to them. - -Notes have been kept upon about twenty-two species of Waterfowl -fifty-three species of land birds, and about eight or ten species of -littoral birds or waders, by our reporters on the East Coast. - -Spring Migration I have kept distinct in this Report. - -I have not given compiled notes on weather in this place this year, as -all that requires to be said will be found under the treatment of the -species, and a short paragraph under General Remarks. - -The whole space of time included by our 1882 returns runs from February -in spring onwards, and in autumn from July to January 27th, 1883, the -date of the last returned schedules. In the General Remarks I notice -briefly the spring migration of 1883--at Isle of May, &c. - -I visited this year Buchan Ness Lighthouse, on the Aberdeenshire coast, -and Mr. Andrew Gallie showed me a Manx Shearwater which he had found -dead on the balcony in the winter of 1879--80. Mr. Geo. Sim, who was -with me at the time, told me it was the first he had ever had record of -on the N.E. coast of Aberdeenshire. - -I visited also Cape Wrath Lighthouse. There, I was told, very few birds -are ever seen at the lights, owing to its great height above the sea. - -Turdidæ.--In spring, at Isle of May, March 2nd, after E. to S.E. gale -for twenty-four hours, a few Redwings (accompanied by Lapwings, Reed -Buntings, Rooks, and Hooded Crows among land birds, and Eider Duck, -Teal, and Black Guillemots amongst water-birds). At same station, on -April 8th and 19th, with E. winds. Redwings appeared; and on April -15th and 28th, single specimens of Ring Ouzels, again with strong E. -or N.E. winds (see Land Notes _infra_). In autumn, no records till -September; then at Whalsey, N. Ronaldshay, Auskerry, Pentland Skerries, -Dunnet Head, Bell Rock, Isle of May (max.), from Sept. 20th, records -on to Jan. 25th, 1883--the last record at N. Ronaldshay. The earliest, -Sept. 20th, was at Isle of May. All the species recorded occurred all -throughout the season, _viz._, Fieldfares, Redwings, Missel Thrushes -(min.). Common Thrushes (max.). Blackbirds; but Fieldfares and Redwings -also very abundant. Rushes, first at Auskerry and at N. Ronaldshay on -Sept. 27th, and indications of the same also at Pentland Skerries and -Isle of May. Numbers of Blackbirds, Thrushes, and Missel Thrushes -frequented N. Ronaldshay for three days after this date. At the -northern stations, wind strong S.E.; at Isle of May, N.E. gale. A vast -rush of many species took place, commencing on Oct. 8th, and continued -till about the 18th in force at all the stations sending in returns, -except Auskerry. We will speak fully of this movement in this place, -and afterwards will refer back to it under other species. Migration -general over whole coast-line. Wind during that time was N.E. to S.E. -to E., with fog and rain; on the 16th S. at southern stations, and -generally S.E. over all the coast. But at Pentland Skerries, mod. S. -and S.W. on 10th, 11th, and 13th. The rush here on 12th was, however, -with S.S.E. fresh, and fog. At N. Ronaldshay, on 7th--8th, numbers of -Thrushes were seen coming from the S.E., and more continued coming -till the 16th, all the time with strong S.E. wind. On 16th wind -changed to S., and all left. All stations send in heavy returns; but -the heaviest is from Isle of May, and hundreds were seen at Bell Rock -on the 12th-14th. A desultory migration, with frequent rushes, was -kept up all October; also all November, the following dates bulking -largest, _viz._, Nov. 5th, 9th, 12th, 18th, and 27th, the northerly -stations of Sumburgh Head and Pentland Skerries having during this -month heavier returns on the whole than the more southerly ones. -Wind during this time at Sumburgh Head fresh W., when fifty Redwings -appeared on 5th. But at same place, light N.N.E. on 9th, when thirty -Redwings were seen. On 27th, at same place, twenty-five Redwings were -seen flying S.W., with wind fresh W.; and at Isle of May, on 18th, -several flocks of Fieldfares and Ring Ouzels--which usually appear here -together--appeared with fresh S. breeze. All during the intermediate -time between the above dates migration was carried on. In December the -same continued, but in diminishing numbers; and an indication of a -small rush occurred between the 6th and 12th, but this appeared to be -greatly due to N.E. gales accompanied by snow-storms and severe frost -on the mainland, causing local migration, as is partly evident from -the species accompanying them, such as Larks, &c., and the exhausted -and emaciated appearance, especially of the Redwings, even on the -Isle of May. Between the 15th and 31st, at Auskerry, a great flock of -Buntings was seen daily. In January large flocks were seen from 4th -on to date of last entries in the schedules, and as late as 25th. -Fieldfares at Pentland Skerries, where the most were seen on the 13th. -At N. Ronaldshay, also, many Blackbirds, Common Thrushes, and Missel -Thrushes up to 24th, as already stated. Having detailed the movements, -and given dates and circumstances of these rushes, I will now name the -species which, along with Thrushes of various kinds, participated in -the movement, and this may serve as indicating the general lines of -1882. During the September rush we shall have occasion to refer amongst -others to the following species or groups of species:--_Saxicolinæ_ -(which began to move, however, as early as August), some _Silviinæ_ -(as Robin, Whitethroat, &c.). Golden-crested Wrens and _Phylloscopinæ_ -(end of August), _Paridæ_, _Motacillidæ_, Pied Flycatchers, Swallows, -_Fringillidæ_, _Emberizidæ_, _Alaudidæ_, as also references throughout -to Hawks, Owls, Herons, and sea-birds. During the great October rush, -between 8th and 18th or 23rd, at the Isle of May, during thick fog and -S.E. to E. winds, Mr. Agnew describes the movement as beyond comparison -with any former experience of his. A vast rush of Bramblings, -Chaffinches, Golden-crested Wrens without number, _Silviinæ_, Robins, -Hedge Accentors, Siskins, Larks, Redwings, Ring Ouzels, Woodcocks, -Blackcaps (a few). Sedge Warblers, Jack Snipes; and this movement -continued in pulsing throbs and also continuously, covering all -October, November, and December, and far into 1883. For night after -night hundreds of thousands of small birds circled round the lanterns, -flying "against the sun" at Isle of May. From the Isle of May alone, -as already stated, I have nineteen schedules filled to overflowing -with Mr. Agnew's careful records. A separate paper on the Isle of May, -which I hope to prepare when I have leisure, is the only way to do -justice to the locality and its recorder. Curious that, although such -vast numbers were seen at Isle of May, the numbers at the more inland -station, or rather more landlocked station, of Inch Keith show quite a -small numerical return; but of these matters I shall have more to say -in my General Remarks. Six species of _Turdidæ_ occur recorded in the -East Coast returns. Land _Notes._--Mr. J. T. Garrioch, writing to me -under date March 13th, 1883, and remarking upon the vast nature of the -general migration between Oct. 8th and 25th, during an E. to S.E. gale, -mentions a few Fieldfares and one Thrush on the 9th which seemed much -exhausted. In spring of 1882, Fieldfares remained late into April in -Stirlingshire. A flock was seen among the foothills of the Denny range -by myself on April 16th. - -Saxicolinæ.--In spring, Wheatears ("Stonechats" must be included -here.[2] Another season Mr. Agnew will be able to distinguish between -true Stonechats and Wheatears, and I hope other reporters also). -Whinchats, Redstarts: First record (Wheatear) at Isle of May, March -29th, strong W. wind, clear; latest (Redstart) June 29th, light E., -fog. But this may belong to autumn; next latest (Redstart) May 24th, -at Isle of May. Earliest Wheatear March 29th; latest, and a rush, on -May 2nd (along with other birds unknown), N.E., rain and fog, at Bell -Rock. A large bird struck heavily, and fell into the sea. Rush of -Wheatears, April 5th. Earliest Whinchat, March 29th; latest and rush, -on April 15th, at Isle of May. Earliest Redstart, April 2nd, at Isle -of May; latest June 29th, and next May 24th. No great rush apparent. -Of the above, Whinchats are also named "Blue Janets," a name usually -applied, however, to the Hedgesparrow or Hedge Accentor. The record of -June 29th, of a Redstart in light E. wind, seems more of an accidental -nature, as it is separated from the one before by a month, and from -the true autumn migration by six weeks. Three species of _Saxicolinæ_ -on East Coast in spring. In autumn, the same species. Records from -Whalsey, Sumburgh Head, Pentland Skerries, Bell Rock, Isle of May, and -Inch Keith. (Note.--These are the same stations that reported last -season.) Earliest Stonechat, and earliest record, at Bell Rock on Aug. -9th, light S. breeze and fog; latest Stonechat Sept. 22nd, also at -Bell Rock. Indications of a rush at Pentland Skerries on Sept. 3rd. -"Blue Janets" participated in the October rush already spoken of (see -under Turdidæ). Earliest Wheatear, Aug. 17th, at Pentland Skerries; -latest Sept. 17th. Earliest Redstart Sept. 15th; latest Oct. 22nd. No -additional species of _Saxicolinæ_ appeared in autumn. - -[Footnote 2: In so far as the records apply at Isle of May.] - -Silviinæ.--In spring, Robins at Bell Rock only; one seen on April -10th, struck lantern, but not killed. But "unusual numbers" were seen -at Isle of May in April, and in spring generally. In autumn, Robins -at Sumburgh Head (where they are very rarely seen), N. Ronaldshay, -Pentland Skerries, Dunnet Head, Chanonry, Bell Rock, Isle of May, and -Inch Keith. Earliest at Isle of May, Aug. 18th; latest at Chanonry, -Dec. 20th, where one rested two days. No quantity till vast rush of -October, when Mr. Agnew says he never saw so many Robins before. -Greatest numbers seen on 12th. Enormous and uncommon numbers also on -18th at Isle of May, and all gone on 23rd. Large rush on 12th also at -Pentland Skerries, when numbers seen all day flying S.W. Indications -of the same movement also at N. Ronaldshay, and to a less extent at -Sumburgh Head (see under Turdidæ). Of other _Silviinæ_, in spring, a -few Whitethroats (identified from a specimen in spirits) showed at Isle -of May on May 6th, and in autumn a rush took place at same place on -Aug. 16th (specimen No. 33 in spirits); but I have no other records. A -single Blackcap on Oct. 14th participated in the rush at Isle of May. -Three species of _Silviinæ_ occurred. - -Phylloscopinæ.--A marvellous migration of Golden-crested Regulus both -in spring and autumn. In spring, the only station giving returns is -Isle of May, where Mr. Agnew says they are very unusual at this season. -Earliest on March 9th, when one was seen at lights. Large numbers; a -rush on 19th and one bird on 20th. All March records accompanied by -N.W. through W. to S.W. winds. The rush took place with light S.W., -and rain. Three other records are on April 1st, 4th, and 10th; a -rush on the 10th of females; the males preceded the females by some -weeks. Migration in spring thus lasted from March 9th to April 10th. -In autumn, at Sumburgh Head, Auskerry, Pentland Skerries, Bell Rock, -and Isle of May. Earliest on Aug. 27th, at Isle of May; latest at same -station on Nov. 12th. Rushes: steady influx all September after the -13th; a solitary bird on Oct. 4th; a rush on 8th, indicated at Sumburgh -Head and Pentland Skerries. (_Note._--This is their first appearance -here for five years; it is marked "very rare" at Sumburgh Head, and -indeed natives had not seen them before). More decided at Bell Rock, -where they accompanied Bullfinches and Pipits on the 12th, and at Isle -of May. The body of the rush occupied three days, from the 8th to the -12th; during that time, at Isle of May, Mr. Agnew describes their -numbers as "enormous." Of other _Phylloscopinæ_, Leaf-warblers--the -species, however, not always recognisable from descriptions--were -fairly abundant. In spring, one record of either a Wood or Willow -Warbler (probably the latter) on May 24th at Isle of May. In autumn, -the Isle of May again produces all the records I have, the earliest -being considerable numbers of Chiffchaffs (identified) on Aug. 9th, a -few on Sept. 13th, 17th, and 27th, at Isle of May; a rush on Oct. 7th, -8th, and 9th, and all gone on 10th; a few on 14th, and all finally -gone on 15th. Three (or four?) species of _Phylloscopinæ_ recorded -on East Coast. Land _Notes._--On April 24th one Willow Warbler seen -at Shirgarton, ten miles W. of Stirling. Mr. Garrioch, writing from -Lerwick, says:--"In the evening of Oct. 9th my attention was called to -a large flock of birds crossing the harbour from the Island of Bressay, -and on coming to a spot on the shore where a large number had taken -refuge from the storm I found the flock to consist of Goldcrests, and a -few Firecrests amongst them. They continued to increase in numbers for -a few days, and several specimens were sent to me for preservation from -distant parts of the islands." These were preceded on the 8th by flocks -of Willow Wrens, one flock numbering about twenty. "The Goldcrests -spread over the entire islands, and were observed in considerable -numbers till the middle of November, when they all disappeared." -Subsequently, Mr. Garrioch, writing to me in reply to certain queries -as to the authenticity of the "Fire-crested Wrens," says:--"Of one -flock of Goldcrests, I observed five birds which I thought to be the -Firecrest. I obtained one specimen very distinctly marked. It seemed -to me that the Firecrests were very much more exhausted by the storm -than the Goldcrests." _Note._--I had in my letter shown the distinction -between the male Goldcrest and the true Firecrest, the male Goldcrest -having a mark above and below the eye, without the black line _through_ -the eye, the Firecrest showing three bars. - -Acrocephalinæ.--In Spring, at Isle of May, Mr. Agnew believes he -identifies "Reed Warblers" on April 4th; his description, however, -would equally apply perhaps to Whitethroats or to Sedge Warblers. In -autumn, a rush of similar birds took place there on Oct. 9th. Perhaps -two species recorded. - -Accentorinæ.--In March, "Blue Janets," of Mr. Agnew, which are -represented by a Whinchat in spirits, but which name in Scotland is -correctly applied only to the Hedgesparrow or Hedge Accentor. In -autumn, one "Blue Janet" on Dec. 3rd. Whilst it is the most abundant -of migratory species in autumn on the E. English Coast, next to the -Goldcrest, it is curious to find scarcely any records on our E. Scotch -Coast. - -Paridæ.--Titmice: In spring, one record ("the first seen on the lantern -for many years ") at Cromarty, on March 11th, fresh W. and clear. In -autumn, considerable numbers of Titmice at Isle of May on Aug. 9th; -occurred at Whalsey, N. Ronaldshay (in Oct., Nov., and Dec.), Pentland -Skerries, Isle of May, and Inch Keith. Earliest as above, Aug. 9th, at -Isle of May; latest at N. Ronaldshay, between Dec. 6th and 12th, when -a few came with Robins in a snow-storm (probably local movement only); -they accompanied Robins and Thrushes also at N. Ronaldshay on Nov. -12th; on Oct. 12th about sixteen stayed four days, and left on 16th; -this is the only indication of a rush. Number of species of _Paridæ_ -unknown. _Land Notes._--On Sept. 6th I heard Marsh Tit in our woods at -Dunipace; this is the earliest autumn record I have, but spring records -I have at other localities in the county. - -Troglodytinæ.--Common Wren: One species. A few records in autumn from -Sumburgh Head, Bressay, Pentland Skerries, N. Ronaldshay, and Isle of -May; earliest one seen for a moment on island. At Sumburgh Head on Aug. -11th, and three on 12th; latest at Pentland Skerries on Dec. 7th, wind -N.E., clear. Rush quite marked on Oct. 10th at Isle of May, still not -numerous; also at N. Ronaldshay, on Nov. 12th, a few came with Robins -and Thrushes, and a few on same day came also with Robins and Thrushes -to Isle of May, wind easterly. _Land Notes._--Mr. Garrioch obtained -one male Creeper on Oct. 12th, caught on Bressay with Great Spotted -Woodpeckers, "all seeming much the worse of the storm." - -Motacillidæ.--In spring, at Whalsey, Bell Rock, and Isle of May; in all -five records. Earliest Feb. 24th, at Isle of May, light W. wind; latest -at Whalsey, May 24th ("Grey Wagtail," marked "very rare here"). At -Bell Rock all birds leave at high tide, being drowned off. In autumn, -records from Whalsey, Sumburgh Head, and Isle of May. Earliest from -23rd to 26th, a flock of "Grey Wagtails" flying about island, and on -27th seven seen all day on Pentland Skerries; latest on Isle of May, -one Pied Wagtail on Nov. 7th. No rush very apparent. On Sept. 20th, Mr. -J. Agnew has the record, "at Isle of May, three, N.E. gale, one very -white in colour and one very black "; and on Oct. 31st the further -record, "two, one very white, the other dark." We would like specimens -of these "very white Wagtails." Possibly records relate to three -species, but it will be safer only to include one at present. Titlarks -(Rock Pipits?) arrived in large numbers on Isle of May on March 9th, -and "supplemented some half dozen that remained all winter." N.B. The -ones that remained are probably "Rock Pipits" (_Anthus obscurus_), -and the additions are probably "Meadow Pip its" (_A. pratensis_). In -autumn, at Sumburgh Head, Pentland Skerries, Bell Rock, and Isle of -May; earliest, one at Isle of May ("Mosscheeper," J. Agnew; or Meadow -Pipit, J. A. H. B.); latest, Bell Rock, Oct. 9th, "Mosscheeper," Mr. -Jack; on this occasion mixed with Bullfinches. Rush on Sept. 4th, at -Sumburgh Head, large flocks of "Rock Larks," _auct._ John Wilson; and -a constant stream of the same on 15th, along with Larks. Desultory -migration during September; only one record, curiously enough, in -October. Two species of _Anthinæ_ (_Motacillidæ_) noticed. _Note._--See -remarks on land migration of the Pied Wagtail at end of the General -Remarks. - -Laniidæ.--One record, on Oct. 16th, at Isle of May; one bird -accompanied rush of Oct. 8th and 18th, strong S. after S.E. One species -recorded--the Great Grey Shrike. _Notes._--A male Great Grey Shrike -killed at Helensburgh, Dumbartonshire (illustrates line across central -districts of Scotland), Feb. 3rd, 1883; about 1st Nov., 1882, three -Great Grey Shrikes (two male and one female), and one same date at -Redcastle. Rosshire ('Scotsman,' Feb. 17th, 1883); the last great -appearance of this species was in 1873--74. A golden Oriole (_Oriolus -galbula_) occurred during the October migration at Lerwick, along with -two Spotted Woodpeckers, a Tree Creeper, and the Golden-crested Wrens. - -Muscicapidæ.--Pied Flycatcher: three records at Isle of May on Aug. -15th, one female, light S., rain and fog; on Sept. 15th one female -struck and killed; on Nov. 7th one male flying S., but obtained, -fresh S.W. breeze. One species. _Notes._--Two Waxwings, a very fine -male and a female, killed at Kinneil by Mr. D. Nichol, gamekeeper to -Mr. Russell, Dundee Castle, on Jan. 18th, 1883. Kinneil is close to -Bo'ness, at the head of the Firth of Forth. This female is one of the -very finest birds I ever saw. Out of the hundreds examined in the -frozen marts of St. Petersburg and Moscow I only saw one to equal it, -the development of the wax-like appendages being very great on both -wings and tail. - -Hirundinidæ.--In spring Swallows appeared at Whalsey, Sumburgh Head, -Auskerry, Pentland Skerries, Cromarty, Isle of May, and Inch Keith. -Earliest at Isle of May, April 22nd, and more on 23rd. Latest at same -place, on June 26th. Rush perceptible at Isle of May, May 11th to -17th, when a steady migration in small numbers were observed flying -N., wind W. to S.E. All Swallows seen have been during the forenoon. -Sand Martin on May 9th, at Whalsey Skerries. In autumn, at same -stations, continuous records from June, many no doubt relating to local -movements, therefore perhaps somewhat difficult to separate spring and -autumn records. On July 3rd and 4th, however, at Auskerry, flocks were -seen at noon; wind light S. to S.E. Martins are noted from Whalsey, -and Auskerry and Pentland Skerries; and Sand Martin from Isle of May -on Aug. 24th. All other records apply to Common Swallows. Swallows -resident at Cromarty disappeared on Sept. 1st. No great rushes very -apparent. Latest on Oct. 6th, at Sumburgh Head; next, on Oct. 2nd, at -Isle of May; strong S.W. wind. Three species noticed. _Land Notes._--In -spring, first Swallow seen by M. P. Kermode and myself at Dunipace, on -April 23rd; and same day, at Shirgarton, by another party. None seen on -16th, when Bidwell and I were out, and when we took a Dipper's nest and -four eggs. On 26th, Mr. K. Gray saw two Martins in Edinburgh. Swallows -and Sand Martins were first seen at Kelso, on the Tweed, on April 16th -(_auct._ J. J. Armistead, Esq.). See also General Remarks. - -Fringillidæ.--In spring, great movements of many species of Finches, -both in spring and autumn, comprising the following species:--Green -and Grey Linnets, Chaffinches, Bramblings, Siskins, Redpolls, House -Sparrows, Tree Sparrows, Bullfinches, the Green and Grey Linnets -predominating, and occurring at the following stations:--Spring, -almost entirely monopolised at Isle of May; Siskins also appearing at -Inch Keith. From March 3rd on to May 22nd. Only indication of unusual -rush perhaps on March 17th and 18th (Green Linnets and Chaffinches). -Prevailing wind at Isle of May all April, many birds appearing, S.E., -except on April 25th, when there were no birds, the wind shifting -round to N.E. suddenly. In autumn, at Isle of May, a solitary Green -Linnet appeared on July 14th. The above species showed at Sumburgh -Head, Pentland Skerries, Bell Rock, Isle of May, and Inch Keith. -Earliest, Grey Linnets, Aug. 23rd, at Isle of May. Latest, at same -spot, on Dec. 8th. Vast rush in October (9th to 23). Green Linnets, -earliest somewhat later than the last, but the rush about same time. -Chaffinches, no records till Oct. 10th, at Sumburgh Head, where it is -only seen on migration. The great rush of Chaffinches, as compared with -other species, apparent, but movement distinct in October. Brambling, -no records till Oct. 10th, when a rush past was made, and no more seen -again till Dec. 3rd, when one was seen. Nine Siskins, a considerable -movement; earliest, Aug. 7th, at Isle of May; latest, Oct. 16th. The -rush of this species took place on Sept. 27th and 28th, when scores, -mostly females, were on Isle of May; and they also showed at Inch -Keith. A rush, however, also took place about Oct. 16th. Redpolls -appear not quite so abundantly in the records as other species. The -records are in September and December. A rush of Tree Sparrows took -place at Isle of May, where Mr. Agnew says he does not remember seeing -this species before. One was captured on Oct. 15th. A very few House -Sparrows were noticed in October. A few Bullfinches showed at Bell -Rock, accompanied by Pipits and Golden-crested Wrens, &c., on Oct. 9th -to 12th. The records take me up to Dec. 12th for _Fringillidæ_. Nine -species of _Fringillidæ_ under notice. _Land Notes._--On Oct. 8th a -flock of about fifty Mealy Redpolls, all males, kept flying round about -Lerwick, at the same time with a few Willow Wrens, one flock numbering -twenty.--(J. T. G.) - -Emberizidæ.--In spring, the February records may apply to last Report -as regards Snow Buntings. They were uncommonly numerous at Isle of May -in 1881-82. Large flocks seen flying S. there on Feb. 22nd, and also -on 13th and 24th. On March 1st large numbers, taking on the summer -plumage, or mostly adults, after a gale of twenty-four hours, from -E. to S.E. (_Vide_ under Turdidæ of this date; same remarks apply -here.) Same day, one Reed Bunting. Snow Buntings continued to show at -intervals all March; two showed on April 15th at Isle of May. None -were seen in May. In autumn, the records are numerous of Snow Buntings -from most of the stations sending returns; perhaps most so at Pentland -Skerries in November. Do not bulk so largely at Isle of May. Earliest -Sept. 19th, at Isle of May (the remark, "too early," appended by Mr. -Agnew). No great rush in October along with the other species, but -bulking largely in November at Sumburgh Head, where 250 showed in three -compact flocks on 6th; also at Pentland Skerries abundant all through -the month, but maximum about the 10th, when fully 1000 were all day -on the Island; winds N.E. to E. and S.E., with some calm days and -variable. About this time departing flocks seen to fly off S.W. and -flocks seen to arrive from the N.E. over the sea. Snow Buntings seem to -arrive at Dunnet Head more frequently with W. and S.W. winds, and also -to a considerable extent with similar wind at Pentland Skerries. This -has been remarked before. After sharp frosts and N.E. snow-storms they -soon appear. Common Bunting is reported from Isle of May for the first -time on Dec. 19th; Yellow Buntings appeared occasionally in reports at -Isle of May; and the first recorded occurrence at Pentland Skerries on -Dec. 17th and 19th. One remained a week singly--a female--on Isle of -May up to Nov. 4th. Four species of Buntings appear. - -Alaudidæ.--In spring the Skylark is reported "very rare" at Whalsey; -one on March 14th. A few at Isle of May on March 15th; none there on -April 3rd: fair S.E. breeze. In autumn full records, but not before -Sept. 11th, at Sumburgh Head, accompanied by "Rock Larks." Occurred at -Sumburgh Head, Pentland Skerries and Isle of May. Earliest as above, -Sept. 11th; latest Dec. 31. Rush from about Sept. 11th to 18th at -Sumburgh Head, and also patent at Isle of May; vast rush most observed -at Bell Rock and Isle of May in October (see under Turdidæ). At Bell -Rock most on Oct. 12th, "Bullfinches, Blackbirds, Mavises, Larks, -Stonechats, Golden-crested Wrens, Titlarks and Starlings, dead on -balcony or fell into sea. Mr. Jack is sure hundreds must have been -killed that night." Again, on Dec. 20th, Mr. Jack remarks, "largest -numbers of Larks ever seen here; impossible to state numbers seen or -killed; striking hard for hours, like a shower of hail." On Oct. 12th -and Dec. 20th loss of life must have been very great; great flocks of -Larks alone at Bell Rock on 16th and again on 31st. Records do not take -me beyond this date. One species. - -Sturnidæ.--Records of Common Starling comparatively scanty. Earliest -July 1st at Isle of May, a large flock of young birds and daily flocks -seen, mostly young, to July 29th. On Aug. 7th a large flock seen -coming from the N.; another on 14th. Numbers on Island fall off in -September; by the 23rd but few left. In October only one record at -Pentland Skerries, when two struck; none in November, and two records -in December, on 17th at Pentland Skerries, and on 25th at Isle of May, -when eight were seen. Scarcity of Starlings again (see Report 1881, p. -9) noticeable. One species. The only other British species is a very -rare British bird--the Rose-coloured Starling. - -Corvidæ.--I have records from every month in the year but June. I take -them in order. In January one record, a large flock of Jackdaws seen -flying S.W. at Cromarty (probably a local migration). At Isle of May -one Rook on Feb. 12th, flying W., wind S.W. In March, at Sumburgh Head, -two Ravens ("the first seen since the autumn of 1881" here), flying N. -with light S. breeze, and another seen on the 16th in a W. gale. At -Isle of May two Rooks seen on 29th ("never many seen here together"), -light W. breeze. In April, at Bell Rock, four Rooks seen flying E. -over the sea, wind S.E., April 4th; at Isle of May, on May 14th, four -Carrion Crows and thirty-six Hooded Crows alighted and killed several -of Mr. Agnew's lambs; N.E. gale at the time. At Pentland Skerries two -Rooks on Island, wind fair, S.S.E. In autumn, records from most of the -stations sending returns, from July 26th, at Pentland Skerries, to Dec. -9th, at same place (Ravens). The only, appearance of a rush was when -fifteen Hooded Crows appeared at Pentland Skerries, but this may only -have been local. This was on Oct. 12th, however, the time of the vast -rush of other species. The Pentland Skerries are regularly visited by -Ravens and Hooded Crows, and occasionally by Rooks, which latter may -come across the North Sea at times, or may simply make local migrations -from Tongue in Sutherlandshire. A few appeared at the Isle of May also -at the time of the vast rush. Five species of _Corvidæ_ noted. _Land -Notes._--Mr. Garrioch writes:--"I obtained a male Jackdaw on Oct. -15th, shot on a peat dyke near Lerwick. Same evening a large flock of -Ravens assembled on the shore at Sound (?), attracted by a number of -Puffins' and Guillemots' bodies driven ashore by the force of the sea, -as also fish of different sorts which had shared the same fate. The -Ravens betook themselves to the high cliffs of Bressay. They continued -to pass the same spot during November, December and January, going -westward over the islands every morning at daybreak and returning at -dusk to roost in the same rocks." On Oct. 14th a Crow took refuge on a -vessel--the Danish ship 'Otto' (Capt. Mortensen)--about eleven miles -from St. Abb's Head, and flew off shoreward on approaching Granton -('Edinburgh Courant,' Oct. 14th). - -Cypselidæ.--One record only at Sumburgh Head, on Aug. 23rd; light airs -N., clear. - -Cuculidæ.--We had no entries under this head anywhere on east coast of -Scotland in 1881. At Cromarty, Cuckoo first heard, April 4th, light E. -breeze, clear; and on June 23rd two Cuckoos were all day on Isle of -May, both of which Mr. Agnew secured for the Isle of May collection, -and they were old and young. Stated by Mr. Agnew to be very rare on -Isle of May. One species. _Land Notes._--A Cuckoo was shot on Aug. -30th, at Glasslaw, Bruchlay, Aberdeenshire (_vide_ W. Horn). - -Strigidæ.--Earliest July 4th, at Pentland Skerries, one "Horned Owl" -(rare). In Sept., at Auskerry, two Short-eared Owls seen at noon, light -variable wind; and in October a pair remained at same place three days -after 28th. One seen at Pentland Skerries on 12th. Fresh E.S.E. breeze. -On Nov. 18th, at Bell Rock, one Long-eared Owl rested on balcony, fresh -S. breeze; and on 9th one Short-eared Owl seen asleep in grass on Isle -of May, and afterwards shot for Isle of May collection. On Dec. 19th, -at Pentland Skerries, one Grey Owl. Probably only two species, but -possibly three. - -Falconidæ occur in almost every month of the year, but fewer records -in spring than in autumn. Many visits are the result of only local -migration in search of food; indeed such are the great majority of -instances, although these must also come to be distinguished as far -as possible from the birds of actual passage. In spring, frequent in -February at several stations, always on predatory excursions, notably -at insular stations, as Whalsey and Isle of May. In March only two -records at some places, and in April two at the same places, both on -the same day--the 23rd. At Whalsey a game Hawk rested, apparently much -fatigued, wind E. and haze. In May one record on 25th, at Isle of May. -In autumn, at Whalsey, Sumburgh Head, Auskerry, Bressay, Pentland -Skerries, Bell Rock, Isle of May. Records numerous, though not so -great as in 1881. Greatest aggregate in any one month in October. Most -numerous at Pentland Skerries and Isle of May. Earliest July 29th, at -Isle of May, one small Hawk. Latest through December into Jan., 1883. -Rush, if any can be said to be appreciable, in October. Thus, such -species as game Hawks, large Hawks, large brown Hawks, dark grey Hawks, -&c., appear in the records more abundantly in October than at other -times, whilst Sparrowhawks, Merlin and Kestrel appear more frequently -at other times. The following species are included, but it would be -more satisfactory to obtain specimens:--Kestrel, Merlin, Sparrowhawk -(max.), and those mentioned above. On Oct. 12th two Hawks were hunting -small birds all night, in the zone of light. Buzzards and Harriers are -also probably included.[3] - -[Footnote 3: Difficult to say how many species are intended, but -probably at least six.] - - -WATER-BIRDS. - -Pelecanidæ.--In spring, in May, at Sumburgh Head, ten Gannets were -seen, flying S., at 9.30 a.m., with S.S.E. breeze, and on 4th -thirty-five, also flying S., with S.E. breeze. In autumn, at Sumburgh -Head, Pentland Skerries and Dunnet Head, observations taken; earliest -July 5th, three flying S.E., mod. N.W. at Sumburgh. On 17th, flying E. -all day, fresh S. showers. Pass and repass Dunnet Head every day till -Sept. 15th in threes and dozens. One species. _Other Notes._--From Mr. -T. Anderson, S.S. 'Marathon,' Dec. 27th, 1882.--"This has not been a -very good trip for observations oh birds, the southerly migration being -past; but when off the coast of Portugal, on our way home, I saw from -150 to 200 Solan Geese in company, and occasionally finding a shoal of -fish. All their movements were in a northerly direction; when they were -done with a shoal 01 fish, they never proceeded S., but always N." - -Ardeidæ.--Common Herons: Stragglers at almost all times; most records -in autumn. That local migration is principally indicated is seen by -the very various directions of flight noted at some stations, often -coming from and returning to the same points of the compass. These are -given in detail in sixteen schedules and in the ledger from which this -report is written. In spring, April 11th, record at Isle of May, one at -Sumburgh Head, marked "rare," light S.E. airs; and Herons frequented -the shore off and on at Isle of May, from the date of May 1st to the -first week in September. On 24th three were seen; these flying N. On -June 19th one addition was seen there. In July two recorded, one flying -N. on 31st. In autumn, Aug. 16th, at Sumburgh Head, one flying W., -light E. airs; on 17th three flying N., light S.E. airs; and on 19th -one flying W., light E. airs. In Sept., at Whalsey, on 14th, one flying -W., marked "very rare so early," wind N., fresh, and at Cromarty "seen -daily since first week in May." At Isle of May on 22nd, in calm and -haze, one "screaming as if lost." Then in October we find on different -dates Herons recorded as flying in all directions: 13th, "came from S. -and returned S.;" 23rd, flying W., wind S.W.; flying S.W., gale S.E., -all night at Bressay, when many other species struck unseen; 24th, at -Isle of May, flying S., and similar records at various stations all -through November. N.B. These ledger entries may be useful later. One -species. - -Anatidæ.--Wild Geese: In spring, on March 1st, two were seen, flying -very fast, 1000 feet in the air, crying loudly, before an E.S.E wind, -and settled on the land at Sumburgh Head to rest. A Brent Goose seen -at Isle of May on March 20th, and a large flock of Geese flying E. -accompanied by Curlews at Isle of May, on April 21st. One Brent ("Sly -Goose") at Pentland Skerries, in June (marked "rare"), flying E. In -autumn, at Chanonry, Sumburgh Head, North Ronaldshay and Isle of May. -Earliest noted, but probably local movement after the birds had taken -up their quarters on Aug. 26th, at Chanonry, when 100 Grey Geese were -seen, fair S.W., clear. Here the general flight is N. or S., being the -"lie" of the Firth; on 28th also 100 seen. Latest records into January, -1883. Bushes imperceptible, but very large flocks are mentioned at Isle -of May, on December 23rd and 24th, flying from S.W. to N.E. "Sly Geese" -(Brent) are noted on Oct. 14th, at Sumburgh Head; at Isle of May, -thirteen Wild Geese, flying W. in a single line, on Oct. 2nd, light S. -wind, clear. Two species of Wild Goose. Eider Duck arrived at breeding -haunts at Whalsey Head on March 29th; wind N. and haze. At Isle of May -twenty-three, about equal male and female, first seen on March 1st, -after a gale which had lasted for twenty-four hours from E. to S.E., -and which brought over Redwings, Lapwings, Rooks, Hoodies, &c. (see -Turdidæ). First record at Sumburgh Head is not till April 17th; three -seen; fresh E.N.E. wind. In autumn, at Pentland Skerries, continuous -flocks flying S.E., mostly females, on Oct. 6th (compare with Report -1881, p. 12). Again, at Sumburgh Head, three (the first seen), on Nov. -5th, fresh W.; and at Pentland Skerries, on 22nd, a flock, mixed male -and female, flying S.; and on 28th a large flock, mostly males, about -the rocks all day. Of other Ducks scattered records only: a few Teal, -seen on March 1st, at Isle of May; at Pentland Skerries, Sept. 3rd; -and seven on pools on Island, on Dec. 6th. Grey Ducks (probably Scaup -or Pochard) at Chanonry, where some 400 flying W. were noted. The -records of Anatidæ not so voluminous this season as last; three or four -species. On March 23rd fifteen White Swans came from S., rested on the -sea at Sumburgh Head, and flew on N.; wind fresh, S.W. breeze. Again -at same place. Swans flying N. and crying loudly on April 10th. On May -9th one was shot at same place. It alighted in a vöe three miles from -station, and was no doubt a weakly bird so late in the spring; fresh -S.S.E. In autumn, records at Sumburgh Head, N. Ronaldshay, Chanonry, -and Isle of May. Earliest Sept. 18th, at Chanonry, when six were seen; -light S.W. and cloudy. At same place, two on 25th and ten on 26th; -haze and rain, variable and light N.E. In November, six flying W. -at N. Ronaldshay, strong N.E. and snow. In December four seen at N. -Ronaldshay, fresh E., and on 28th two seen at N. end of Isle of May. -_Note._--Look out always for two sizes of Wild Swan--the large Common -Wild Swan and the lesser Bewick's Swan. If together the two species are -easily distinguishable. _Land Notes._--Brent Geese unusually abundant -on the Tay this year, 1881-82 (P. D. Maloch). - -Columbidæ.--_Note._--We had no records of Pigeons on E. coast last -season, 1881. This year we have them both in spring and autumn. We -would like to know if all records of "Wood Pigeon" are strictly -correct, and if no veritable Stock Doves passed on migration.[4] In -spring, at Bell Rock, on April 9th, one "Wood Pigeon" struck and was -killed at 10.30 p.m., light S.S.E.; and at Isle of May one struck and -was killed at 2 a.m., light S.E. Again, on May 22nd, one seen at Isle -of May, S.E. clear; and on 29th one, at 6 p.m., seen flying S., light -W., clear; and on June 28th one again, at Isle of May, at 3 p.m., -light E., fog. In autumn, on Sept. 26th, at Isle of May, one, light -S.E., hail and rain; and Nov. 2nd, at Isle of May, one flew S., after -coming to the light; and on 26th another was seen. At Pentland Skerries -one rose off the island and flew W., gale from S.E. In December, Wood -Pigeons occurred at Isle of May under the following circumstances and -dates:--On 3rd, one; on 6th, thirteen flying S., severe snow-storm; -on 12th, thirty, light W. wind, thick fog; on 13th, fifty-one in -lighthouse garden, eating ravenously; severe snow-storm from the 6th -to 9th, and hard frost until 16th; on 14th-15th, hundreds seen. A rush -caused by local stress of weather, or they may have come directly -across seas. (_Note._--I have elsewhere noted the arrivals of Wood -Pigeons from Norway, as seen by me on the Fifeshire coast, and the -S. trend of their flight, as soon as they came over the land; and I -have given the above records in detail, as I think they will be useful -again.) Besides Wood Pigeons, I have two records of Rock Doves,--one -at Pentland Skerries, seen flying N., with light S. wind, at 3 p.m., -on Nov. 8th; and one on Dec. 1st, at midnight, at Dunnet Head, fresh -S.S.E., thick haze and rain; probably only local movements. Two species -recorded. _Land Notes._--About a dozen "Small Pigeons," which "may," -Mr. Garrioch thinks, "have been Wood Pigeons," were seen in the Island -of Yell at the end of October, and from other quarters. Mr. Garrioch -was informed of flights of "strange birds seen from the off-lying -islands flying off in a southerly direction." - -[Footnote 4: See a paper by me on the "Increase and Extension of -Range of the Stock Dove," read before the Royal Physical Society of -Edinburgh, Feb., 1883. They are seen in large migratory flocks on the -mainland in May--as in the Carse of Gowrie--in some seasons, and I have -received specimens this spring and winter from two localities in this -county--Stirlingshire.] - -Rallidæ.--Records of Corn Crake scarce. In May, first heard at Cromarty -on 14th. In September one killed at light at Pentland Skerries on 20th, -light N.E. and cloudy, indicating possibly date of departure from the -Orkneys. _Land Note._--I am credibly informed that the Corn Crake was -heard in two different localities in N. Uist about March 18th, 1882; -Mr. Alex. Carmichael, who is studying the Natural History of the Long -Island, himself heard one. Very late occurrences of this species are -also on record in previous years, such as at Tyree on Nov. 24th, 1880, -evidently wounded or disabled birds (W. Craibe Angus, who exhibited the -bird at a late meeting of the Glasg. Nat. Hist. Soc.); and another, -dating Dec. 17th, 1882, is recorded from Ireland in 'The Zoologist,' -April, 1883, p. 177. It seems quite probable that some birds detained -from migrating may remain all winter in the milder portions of Great -Britain, and that early spring records may thus, in many cases, be -accounted for. - -Charadriadæ.--Golden Plover: in spring, one record at Sumburgh Head; -three seen, light S. breeze and cloudy, at 10.30 a.m. In autumn, at -Sumburgh Head, Pentland Skerries, Dunnet Head, Isle of May. Smaller -movement in 1882 than in 1881. Earliest recorded, Aug. 7th, at Pentland -Skerries; a flock. Latest, at same place, on Dec. 18th; a single -bird. Rushes scarcely appreciable, except 120 birds on Oct. 15th, at -Sumburgh Head; S.S.E. gale and rain; and a large flock (?) at Dunnet -Head on Oct. 2nd. At Sumburgh Head also about forty on Nov. 12th. -Oystercatcher: in spring "Sea-pyots" arrived here, Whalsey, on March -3rd at night, with strong E.S.E. breeze and clear. Two seen, first -time, at Isle of May on April 2nd. In autumn, after remaining on -Whalsey, left between Aug. 13th and 18th, during a fog and fresh S.E. -breeze; and on 13th, at Isle of May, one large flock of young were -seen, light S. and haze. On Sept. 14th a flock flew about Pentland -Skerries all day in light N. breeze. Beyond these I have no other -records. Of Lapwing, a record or two on Feb. 13th and 24th, after -S.W. gale on 13th; and 26th, stragglers? In spring, at Whalsey ("very -rare"), Sumburgh Head, Bell Rock, and Isle of May. Earliest in spring, -March 2nd, at Isle of May, after a gale from E. to S.E. for twenty-four -hours (see under Turdidæ of date); 3rd, eight seen; large numbers again -on 20th. Latest on June 19th, four, with light S.E. and haze. Two only -in May at Isle of May, and these appeared with light N.E. wind. In -April a few passed on 3rd, 9th, and 10th, in easterly winds, or rested. -In autumn, at Pentland Skerries, Chanonry, and Isle of May. Earliest, -Aug. 17th, one seen, light W. wind. Latest, a few in December, at -Pentland Skerries, flying W. Bushes inappreciable, unless Sept. 14th, -at Chanonry, forty seen; and on 28th, at Isle of May, twenty-seven -seen, in light S.S.E. wind. _Land Notes._--On April 16th Lapwings were -still going in flocks in the central counties of Scotland. At the River -Pattack, in S. Inverness-shire, I saw distinctly a Whimbrel (_Numenius -phæopus_) twice, on May 24th. (Possibly an addition to the birds of -Inverness shire.) See under W. coast also. - -Scolopacidæ.--Curlew: in spring, a number of records at Sumburgh -Head, Pentland Skerries, Bell Rock, Isle of May. Earliest, at Isle of -May ("unusual at this season"), one seen, light W. wind and clear. -Latest, at Isle of May, a number seen on June 28th, light E. fog. As -early as May 23rd one young one seen on rocks at Isle of May (this -properly belongs to autumn migration; result abnormal, perhaps owing -to unusually early season, after a mild winter). General movement -continuing all July, and difficult to separate spring and autumn -manœuvres. As will be seen others of the _Scolopacidæ_ make early -appearances also this season (Woodcock, Snipe, &c.). In autumn, a -large movement of Curlews between Pentland Skerries and Isle of May. -To the N. of Pentland Skerries very few observed. Earliest (if we take -July), July 10th, at Pentland Skerries, one heard. Latest, also at -Pentland Skerries, on Dec. 7th, a flock, strong E. Rushes spasmodical -and frequent in July and August. _Note._--Between Oct. 14th and 19th, -strong S. gale, moderate on 20th, at Pentland Skerries. Sept. 22nd, -October and December, but almost inappreciable in numbers. Woodcock, -a few in spring, but a steady record in autumn. In spring, one record -at Isle of May on April 9th; "not remembered to have been seen here -before at this season." In autumn, at Whalsey, Sumburgh Head, N. -Ronaldshay, Pentland Skerries, and Isle of May. Earliest, Oct. 8th -(N.B., commencement of vast migration before noted), two seen at N. -Ronaldshay, S.E. fresh; continued in small numbers through 12th, 13th, -14th, 15th, 19th, 25th (co-existent with rush of other species), at -most stations on E. coast sending returns. Latest, on Dec. 4th, at -Pentland Skerries. Evident rush on Oct. 13th at Isle of May, when no -less than twenty were shot there. On Isle of May a record in November -says, "very unusual so late," when three were seen. Of Snipe, only one -record at Isle of May in spring, on April 5th, with the remark, "very -unusual at this season." Autumn, at Sumburgh Head and Whalsey (only two -records), and at Pentland Skerries and Isle of May. Earliest, several -on Aug. 17th, at Pentland Skerries; and 6th, one at Isle of May, strong -W., clear (remark, "very early"). Latest, on Dec. 19th, at Pentland -Skerries, six seen, strong S.W. Scarcely a rush appreciable. Jack -Snipes are recorded on Sept. 25th and 27th, at Isle of May, with light -S. and S.E. breeze. - -Scolopacidæ (Waders).--Earliest, "Plovers Pages" or "Plovers Leaders" -(Dunlin, J. A. H. B.), Aug. 10th, at Isle of May; latest, Redshanks, -Dec. 7th, at Isle of May. "Sandlarks" and "Pipers" appeared at -Chanonry, Aug. 30th, when one was seen, and disappeared on Oct. 13th. -(Probably the Common Sandpiper, but "Pipers" is a name used generically -for many species.) If any rush, apparent on Sept. 19th, 20th, and 26th, -at Chanonry. Numbers on these dates: 90, 90, and 290; but this is -deceptive, and not to be relied upon as a statistic, Waders movements -are so erratic. Returns of "Pipers," "Waders," "Redshanks," and -"Sandlarks," are given from several stations. Probably seven or eight -species of Waders. _Land Notes._--Rare occurrences. Pectoral Sandpiper -(_Tringa maculata_, Vieill.) shot at The Ross Priory, mouth of the -Endrick River, Loch Lomond, by Sir Geo. Leith Buchanan, Bart., on Nov. -24th, 1882. There seems to be a line of country across this part of -Scotland where rare things turn up, witness:--Desert Chat, at Alloa; -Blue-throated Warbler, Isle of May; Great Grey Shrikes, commonly; and -others. (See General Remarks, _infra_.) - -Sterninæ.--In spring. Terns arrived at breeding haunts at Whalsey on -May 19th, on island, all day long; came from S.E., with S.E. wind and -clear; seen again on 28th (same date as 1881). At Sumburgh Head on June -2nd, and five on 6th. At Cromarty, Lesser Tern arrived at 2 p.m. on -June 11th, strong N. and clear; and more on 15th. In autumn, Whalsey, -Sumburgh Head, Pentland Skerries, Cromarty, Isle of May. Earliest, for -two minutes or so heard passing over the lights at 10.30, at Sumburgh -Head, light E. airs and thin haze. On Aug. 15th all left Whalsey, light -S. breeze, haze and fog. "Leave Pentland Skerries about Aug. 30th." -Lesser Tern left Cromarty on Aug. 29th; three seen flying south at -Sumburgh Head on Sept. 4th (the only record in that month this year). -One more record on Nov. 26th at Pentland Skerries, a flock on island -all day. Two species. _Note._--Look out for the Sandwich Tern,--a large -Tern, much larger than the Common Tern; goes up the Fife and Forfar -coasts in spring.--J. A. H. B. - -Laridæ.--In spring, "Chasers" (Skuas), one on May 28th, at Portland -Skerries ("rare here"), E.S.E. breeze. ("Picked up limpets thrown at -it by the men.") He speaks of these as "Chasers," but in autumn of -"Skuas or Norwegian Gulls, very rare." Of Skuas there are four species -known in Scotland, _viz._, the Great Skua, or Bonxie of Shetland; the -Richardson's Skua, or commonest species; the Long-tailed, or Buffon's -Skua, with very long centre tail-feathers; and the Pomatorhine Skua, -with curious recurved tail-feathers. Perhaps this note may be of -service in future in separating them. The Bonxie and the Pomatorhine -are rare. In autumn, Skua, or "Dirty Allan," at Isle of May on Oct. -15th, one seen, and well described; and three seen of "Skua," or -"Norwegian Gull," at Pentland Skerries on 19th, and again on 29th. -Kittiwakes are recorded, Aug. 5th, at Isle of May; large numbers. -_Note._--Most of birds breeding on Isle of May had left by this time, -but a number of Kittiwakes remain still; all left by 25th, however. -Great Black-backed Gulls noted passing S. past Isle of May on Aug. -13th. "Large White Gulls" (glaucous?) often wheeling round, Aug. 25th, -for two or three days; and a large flight came from N., and flew S. -past Isle of May, on Oct. 24th. "Iceland Gulls" at Sumburgh Head, on -Dec. 1st and 8th, after gales and rain. Gulls, enormous numbers (and -Gannets) passed Isle of May, Sept. 30th. Herring Gulls, a movement S. -past Isle of May all day, on 10th. Lesser Black-backed Gulls (called -"Lady Ann Gulls ") flying S.E., and numbers on the 14th and 18th. -Iceland Gulls (with Swans), two seen at Sumburgh Head, Dec. 25th, and -one (last record) on Dec. 8th. The Larger Glaucous Gull is not always -easily distinguished from the Lesser Iceland Gull; both being very -white, however, and are in relationship to one another as the Great -Black-backed Gull is to the Lesser Black-backed Gull. Land Notes.--At -Lerwick a large flock of Common Gulls passed northward in the evening, -flying very low, on Oct. 13th.--(J. T. G.) - -Procellariidæ.--One Stormy Petrel record; two seen at noon at Auskerry -on Sept. 29th; light variable breezes. - -Alcidæ.--In spring, records from Whalsey, Sumburgh Head, and Isle of -May. On Feb. 1st, large numbers of Razorbills and Marrots appeared at -Isle of May, light S. breeze; and again on March 18th; and a great -increase on May 3rd; light S.E. Black Guillemots appeared at Whalsey -during the night of March 2nd, with light E.S.E. breeze, and clear -(called "Tysties"). At Sumburgh Head, Guillemots (or "Marrots") arrived -on March 18th, a fortnight later than in 1881. In autumn, a general -migration of Rock Birds, between Aug. 13th and 18th, during a fog (Why -do birds apparently often choose a fog to depart in?), light S.E. (or -is it always more to do with direction of the wind at the time?). See -back. At Pentland Skerries, continuous streams of Guillemots flying -E. through the N. Pentland Firth. Little Auks, one in E. gale on Nov. -16th, close to Isle of May, and more resting on 18th; and a few in a -severe snow-storm on Dec. 7th, at same place. Four species of _Alcidæ_. - -Of unknown birds I have left out notices this year, though keeping note -of them for further use, as they may come to be identified later. - - - - -EAST COAST OF ENGLAND. - - -Printed forms of enquiry and letters of instruction were sent to -thirty-six lighthouses and light-vessels on the East Coast of England, -and two stations on the Channel Islands,--thirty-eight altogether, -against thirty-six in 1881,--and returns have been received from -thirty, a result which is very encouraging. - -Independent reports have also been sent in from Heligoland, -Seaton-Carew, and Redcar, Flamborough, Spurn, North-East Lincolnshire, -and Northrepps, making a total of thirty-seven reporting stations, -against thirty-two in 1881. - -I have again to thank H. Gätke, T. H. Nelson, C. Donald Thompson, -Matthew Bailey, William Eagle Clarke, H. Bendelack Hewetson, M.D., and -J. H. Gurney, jun., for their general kind co-operation and assistance -in the enquiry. - -Special thanks are also given to all my kind and painstaking observers -on the lighthouses and light-vessels whose names are given in the -report. While thanks are due to all, it may perhaps be not invidious -to mention the very excellent returns received from the Farne Island -stations, the Longstone and Inner Farne lighthouses, no less than -eleven well-filled schedules having been sent in. - -The east coast stations are as follows, those making returns being -marked with a star (*):-- - -† For nature of light, and position and description of station, see -report for 1880. - - *Longstone L.H.† Thomas O. Hall & James W. Parsons. - *Inner Farne L.H. Thomas H. Cutting. - *No. 5 Buoy, Teesmouth L.V. Henry Harbord. - *Coquet Island L.H. William Evans. - *Whitby High L.H. John Odgers. - *Flamborough Head L.H. Charles Hood. - *Spurn L.H. James B. Smith. - *Spurn (Newsand) L.V. W. Edwards. - *Outer Dowsing L.V. William Stock. - *Inner Dowsing L.V. William King. - *Dudgeon L.V. Thomas Dale. - *Llyn Wells L.V. The Principal. - *Hunstanton L.H. William Westmoreland. - *Cromer L.H. Richard Comben. - *Hasbro' L.V. John Nicholas & B. Darnell. - Leman & Ower L.V. - Hasbro' L.H. - *Newarp L.V. Cornelius Campbell & William Rees (mate). - *Winterton L.H. John Watson. - *Cockle L.V. Samuel Pender & Charles Perfrement. - *Corton L.V. William John Cotton. - *Orfordness L.H. Wm. Wilby Woodruff. - *Shipwash L.V. William Bonken. - *Languard Point L.H. Owen Boyle. - *Galloper L.V. William Littlewood. - Kentish Knock - *Swin Middle L.V. Thomas Barrett. - *Tongue L.V. John Webber. - Nore L.V. - North Foreland L.H. - North Sand Head L.V. - *Gull L.V. Francis Harvey & Joseph Jenkins. - *South Sand Head L.V. J. C. Leggett & George Woodward. - *East Side L.V. Edward le Gallais & Thomas Rees. - South Foreland L.H. - *Hanois L.H. (Guernsey) Charles Williams. - Casquets L.H. (Alderney) - - -SEPARATE REPORT ON EACH SPECIES. - -Mistletoe Thrush, _Turdus viscivorus_, Linn.--Longstone L.H., Nov. 10th -and 11th, N.W. to N.N.E., several each day, with Ring Ouzels. - -Song Thrush, _T. musicus_, Linn.--Spring, 1882: Heligoland, Feb. 21st, -Mr. Gätke remarks, "musicus: some in my garden, 25th, S.S.W., several. -March 2nd, a few. April 12th, S.S.W., a few; 22nd, pretty numerous; on -23rd, S.S.E. and S., with Ring Ouzels, the two in departing mounting -up in the atmosphere till lost to sight; 29th, some also with Ring -Ouzels." Cromer L.H., May 14th, two killed against lantern at midnight. -Autumn; Heligoland, Sept. 13th, first Thrushes, and at intervals, but -sparingly to November;[5] and the whole of this latter month along with -Fieldfares almost every night pouring overhead; during daytime rarely -any. On the English coast, from the Inner Farne L.H., Sept. 27th, to -the Galloper L.V., Dec. 20th, twenty from 8 to 9 p.m., two struck -and killed; and at the former station they continued to pass through -December, and from Jan. 8rd to 15th in 1883, along with Fieldfares and -Blackbirds. The great rush was on the nights of 12th and 13th October, -very great numbers being observed at stations from the Longstone L.H. -to Galloper L.V., easterly winds, fog and drizzling rain over North Sea. - -[Footnote 5: Mr. Gätke's notes are not continued beyond Nov. 30th.] - -Redwing, _T. iliacus_, Linn.--Spring, 1882: Great Cotes, second week -in March, returning to coast. Autumn: First, South Sand Head L.V. -(Goodwin), Sept. 28th, forty to fifty to N.W. Longstone L.H., Oct. -8th; Spurn, 13th and 25th, adult males; "rush" Oct. 13th. Heligoland, -Oct. 18th, S.E., great many; 19th, multitudes passing overhead, and at -intervals to Nov. 7th. - -Fieldfare, _T. pilaris_, Linn.--Spring, 1882: Heligoland, Jan. 17th and -18th, W., hazy, great many to E.; Feb. 20th and 21st, small flights, -twenty to thirty; March 2nd, great flights overhead. Great Cotes, April -10th, flock, 120 to 150. Autumn: Heligoland, Sept. 13th, S.-S.W., -thunder-storm with heavy rain, a very great flight; all through -November at night with Thrushes. On English coast. Farne Inner L.H., -Sept. 27th, one, and subsequently at intervals to end of the year. -Whitby L.H., Oct. 12th, all night; 13th, less. Rush from 11th to 14th -December between Farne Islands and Teesmouth, and again 13th to 15th -January, 1883, but are not recorded anywhere south of Humber. - -Blackbird, _T. merula_, Linn.--Spring, 1882: Dudgeon L.V., Feb. -8th, 6 p.m., with Larks. Heligoland, Feb. 21st, N.N.W. to N., "some -in garden"; 25th, S.S.W., some; March 13th and 14th, a few. Cromer -L.H., March 17th, 11 p.m., one struck. Autumn: Heligoland, last week -in October to end of November. English coast, first, Hanois L.H. -(Guernsey), Sept. 19th, 10 p.m., to Jan. 15th, at Inner Farne L.H. -Great "rush," nights of Oct. 10th and 13th; second "rush" Nov. 11th, -Spurn L.V., Hanois L.H., 11th, midnight, and 13th all night; third -"rush," Farne Inner L.H., Dec. 13th, 14th and 15th, and at same -station through December and in less numbers to Jan. 15th, 1883. At -Great Cotes during night of Sept. 28th, S.W. to W., rain, great many -young cocks came in. Swin Middle L.V., Oct. 6th, from 7 p.m. to 3 a.m., -about one hundred came to lantern and twenty were killed, all young -cocks. Spurn L.V., Nov. 11th, noon, large flock from S.E. to N.W. -Spurn, Oct. 25th, adult males. - -King Ouzel, _T. torquatus_, Linn.--Spring: Farne Inner L.H., April 23rd -and 24th, one each day. Heligoland, April 22nd, many; 23rd, same; and -on 29th, some. Autumn: Heligoland, Sept. 17th, E.-N.E., calm, some; -and at intervals to Nov. 7th, an unusually late date, which, however, -corresponds with arrivals on English coast; Sept. 10th, at Cromer, to -Nov. 10th and 11th, at Longstone L.H., several afternoon of each day. -Great rush Oct. 12th and 13th from the mouth of the Tees to Spurn, -old cock birds. Were very numerous in the neighbourhood of Spurn all -through October, all being mature males. - -Common Wheatear, _Saxicola œnanthe_ (Linn.).--Spring: Farne Inner L.H., -March 22nd, 1882, 3 p.m., two. Spurn, 29th, many. Heligoland, April -8th, numerous fine old males; 12th, some at lighthouse. At 5th Buoy -Tees L.V., April 10th to 29th, several coming from E.S.E. towards land, -wind N.E. to N.W. Autumn: Heligoland, June 29th, pretty numerous, young -birds of the year. On the English coast, from Aug. 12th, at the Farne -Inner L.H., several, to Spurn, Oct. 7th, E., rain, evening, several -round lantern. Passed across Heligoland in large numbers in September; -some on Oct. 10th, "great old males." - -Eastern Pied Chat, _S. morio_, Ehr.--Heligoland, early in June, a fine -adult male shot. - -Whinchat, _Pratincola rubetra_ (Linn.).--Great Cotes, August, -last week, some number of young birds. Spurn, Oct. 15th, all day. -Heligoland, from Aug. 6th, young birds, and throughout month. - -Stonechat, _P. rubicola_,--Spring: Heligoland, Feb. 27th, 1882, two -or three; 28th, several; March 1st, one fine old male. Autumn: Great -Cotes, first week in September, many young; October and November, old -birds, sparingly. - -Redstart, _Ruticilla phœnicurus_ (Linn.).--Spring: Inner Farne L.H., -April 22nd and 23rd, some with Wheatears. Autumn: Spurn, Sept. 7th, -one. Longstone L.H., 14th, N.E., 5 p.m., on rocks. Yarmouth, 22nd, a -few; and from Oct. 7th to 13th a few from the Farne Islands southward -to Spurn. Have been comparatively scarce compared with the large -numbers which accompanied the Wheatears on their southward migration up -the coast in the autumns of 1880 and 1881. Across Heligoland from Aug. -10th to first week in October; on the 5th, great many, with Wheatears, -wind E., fresh. - -Blackstart, _R. titys_ (Scop.).--Heligoland, March 13th to 14th, one; -17th, eight to ten; and to April 8th, daily, some. Autumn: Spurn, Oct. -29th, one, adult female; stomach contained remains of Coleoptera, -entire ants, and two large seeds. Migrates earlier in the spring and -later in the autumn than the Redstart. - -Red-spotted Bluethroat, _Cyanecula suecica_ (Linn.).--Heligoland, Sept. -16th, E.N.E., in great numbers, with Redstarts, Goldcrests, Wheatears, -&c.; 20th, S.E., fresh, many; 23rd, very numerous. At Spurn, Sept. -11th, two immature, one obtained. It appears yet to be an open question -with ornithologists whether the young of suecica are distinguishable -from those of leucocyana in the plumage of the first year; the Spurn -bird therefore may be an example of the Central European form, the -White-spotted Bluethroat. - -Redbreast, _Erithacus rubecula_ (Linn.).--Spring: Heligoland, March -13th and 14th, several; April 8th, 22nd and 23rd, some. Autumn: across -island, from Sept. 8th, N., calm, overcast, through October, in large -numbers; great rush, Oct. 17th, 18th and 19th; again on 27th and 28th. -At Orfordness and Languard Point lighthouses and Ship wash L.V., on -Sept. 20th, and from Oct. 6th to 25th between the Longstone L.H. and -East Goodwin L.V., in great numbers. Great rush Oct. 8th, and again -night of 13th at many stations and in large numbers. At the Galloper -L.V., on 6th, with Wrens. - -Sylviinæ.--Whitethroat, _Sylvia cinerea_ (Linn.), Hanois L.H., April -16th, 3 a.m., some killed. Heligoland, April 22nd and 23rd, S.S.E. -and S., some. Spurn L.H., May 7th, 11 p.m., misty, rain, one killed. -Cromer L.H., June 17th, 9.50 p.m., 6 a.m., two and a Wren killed. -Autumn: Cromer L.H., July 18th, 3 a.m., S.W., seven stunned. During -September and first week in October at several stations during night. -Blackcap, _S. atricapilla_ (Linn.), Heligoland, April 23rd, some; 28th, -many. Lesser Whitethroat, _S. curruca_ (Linn.), also some. Heligoland, -in the autumn. Whitethroats on Aug. 6th, and through September in -great numbers to Oct. 7th. Garden Warbler from Aug. 19th to end of -September. Blackcap as late as Oct. 27th. - -Golden-crested Wren, _Regulus cristatus_, Koch.--Spring, 1882: -Heligoland, March 13th and 14th, several, and on to April 12th. Autumn: -the autumn of 1882 will be long remembered amongst ornithologists -from the extraordinary immigration of Goldcrests on to the east -coasts of Scotland and England. On the east coast of England the -migration extended over ninety-two days, commencing Aug. 6th. Cromer -L.H., midnight, two stunned against lantern, and a week later at -Redcar, Aug. 13th, wind S.W., forty to fifty, at 8 a.m., seen on the -breakwater, and forward, at many stations and in immense numbers, to -Nov. 5th, Cockle L.V., 5 a.m., one caught against glass. They arrived -somewhat sparingly in August and through September, and day after day -in enormous numbers in October; in this month they are recorded at -twenty-one stations between the Farne Islands and the Hanois L.H., -off Guernsey. There appear to have been two great rushes, one on the -night of Oct. 7th and morning of 8th, and again on night of 12th -and morning of 13th, the latter with the Woodcock.[6] Many also are -likewise reported during the month to have alighted on fishing-boats, -steam-vessels, &c., in the North Sea. At Heligoland, on Oct. 8th, all -the island swarmed with them; they had also been exceedingly numerous -there from Sept. 8th, continuing also to arrive and depart throughout -October, and on the night from 28th to 29th Mr. Gätke remarks, "a -perfect storm of Goldcrests we have had,--poor little souls!--perching -on the ledges of the window-panes of the lantern of our lighthouse, -preening their feathers in the glare of the lamps; on the 29th all the -island swarmed with them, filling the gardens everywhere, and over all -the cliff--hundreds of thousands; by 9 a.m. most of them had passed on -again." On English coast, Farne Inner L.H., Oct. 8th, "never remember -seeing so many at one time." Whitby L.H., 8th and 12th, "great rush." -Flamborough, 7th to 14th, "never more seen." Spurn, 7th to 8th, "in -turnip-fields, hedges, and everywhere, never more seen." Great Cotes, -8th, great many everywhere, and even on the piles of timber on the -dock-quays and timber-yards at Grimsby. Dudgeon L.V., 12th, "flock -to W." Cromer L.H., 10th and 12th, latter night "large flocks," and -at other stations, too numerous to detail, in large numbers. General -direction E. to W., and E.S.E. to W.N.W., winds easterly over North Sea -nights of 7th and 12th, with fogs and drizzling rain on latter night. -These small wanderers reached the land in a very exhausted state, and -great numbers are supposed to have perished in mid-passage. - -[Footnote 6: At this date the stream of Goldcrests extended quite -across England, the Irish Channel, and into Ireland.] - -It is curious that the Fire-crested Wren, _R. ignicapillus_ (C. L. -Brehm), has not been observed at Heligoland during the autumn, although -generally it is tolerably numerous. - -At the Newarp L.V., in March and April, 1883, an immense migration of -various birds was observed almost day by day; amongst those on April -14th three Golden-crested Wrens going eastward. - -Phylloscopinæ.--Spring: East Yorkshire, Chiffchaff, _Phylloscopus -collybita_ (Vieill.), March 13th. Willow Wren, P. trochilus (Linn.), -Heligoland, April 22nd and 23rd, some. Autumn: Spurn and East -Lincolnshire, first week in September, many; latest. Spurn, Oct. 25th. -Chiffchaff also at Spurn on 29th. Heligoland, Willow Wren, Aug. 15th, -some, and forward in great numbers to Oct. 19th. Chiffchaff, Sept. -21st, and a great number at intervals to Oct. 27th. Wood Wren, _P. -sibilatrix_ (Bechst.), Oct. 27th, one. Yellow-browed Warbler, _P. -superciliosus_ (Gm.), Oct. 23rd, W., one; 27th, S.W., one seen. - -Acrocephalinæ.--Spring: Spurn, May 29th, 11 p.m., misty, two Reed -Warblers, _Acrocephalus streperus_ (Vieill.), killed against lantern; -Spurn, Aug. 20th, midnight, three old males killed; Great Cotes, Sept. -2nd, in bean-fields. On Sept. 12th, 1881, two Grasshopper Warblers, -_Locustella nævia_ (Bodd.), were killed in the night against the -lantern of Spurn lighthouse (omitted in report for 1881). Heligoland, -Sept. 19th, one Grasshopper Warbler. - -Hedgesparrow, _Accentor modularis_ (Linn.).--Spring: Heligoland, -March 12th, some; 13th and 14th, some; 20th to April 12th, daily -some. Autumn: At Spurn and in East Lincolnshire great numbers were -observed during the first fortnight in September. Spurn, Oct. 8th, -most abundant, and on the Lincolnshire side, same date, extraordinary -numbers; in some localities, as stack-yards and marsh hedgerows, -swarming. Heligoland, Sept. 20th, S.E., beginning to arrive; 22nd, -great many; on Oct. 6th and 7th, marvellous numbers; also on 8th, and -continuing to arrive and pass forward in very great numbers up to the -29th. It will be seen that their extraordinary abundance at Spurn and -in East Lincolnshire on Oct. 8th corresponds with the immense flight -at Heligoland at the same period, Oct. 6th, 7th and 8th. At Languard -Point, on March 1st, 1883, a large flock was seen at 12.30 p.m., going -eastward. - -Bearded Reedling, _Panurus biarmicus_ (Linn.).--Heligoland, Oct. 9th, -S.S.E., later thick and hazy, one, a male. - -Paridæ.--Autumn: Heligoland, Blue Titmouse, _Parus cœrulæus_, Linn., -Sept. 20th, beginning; Oct. 23rd, some. Great Titmouse, _P. major_, -Linn., Oct. 7th, a sprinkling; 8th, numerous; 14th, great many. Coal -Titmouse, _P. ater_, Linn., one on Oct. 15th; _Paridæ_ continuing -to pass up to 29th. Languard Point L.H., Oct. 29th, one Long-tailed -Titmouse. Galloper L.V., Oct. 8th, one Titmouse dead on deck. Farne -Inner L.H., Oct. 13th, E.S.E., Great and Blue Titmouse, old males, -many. 5 Buoy Tees L.V., 13th, 3 p.m., five on board. Newarp L.V., -several on deck, with Goldcrests and Redbreasts. Two "rushes," Oct. 8th -and 13th, with Goldcrests. - -Common Wren, _Troglodytes parvulus_, Koch.--Spring: Flamborough L.H., -March 18th, W., many round lantern, several struck. Hunstanton L.H., -17th, 3 a.m., S.W., one caught against lantern. Corton L.V., April -14th, one, E. to W. Cromer L.H., June 17th, 9.50 p.m., two struck, one -killed. Autumn: Heligoland, Oct. 9th, S.S.E., calm, a great many; 14th, -many. Flamborough L.H., Sept. 15th, Spurn L.H., 20th, Galloper L.V., -21st, and Shipwash L.V., 26th, a great many, both during day and night. -Oct. 7th to 8th and 12th to 13th, great rushes at six stations from -Farne Islands to Galloper L.V.; at the latter on night of 12th many -round lantern, and night of 13th, 8 p.m. to daybreak of 14th, with many -other birds, Larks, Starlings, Thrushes, and two Robins--altogether -many thousands of birds; 160 of various species picked up on deck, and -it is calculated one thousand struck and went overboard. - -Motacillidæ.--Spring: Heligoland, Feb. 20th, 1882, Pied Wagtail, -_Motacilla lugubris_, Temm., one fine old male, "never so early; once -I got one on Feb, 28th"; April 23rd, Blue-headed Wagtail, _M. flava_, -Linn., some; Yellow Wagtail, _M. raii_, Bp., one; 28th, _flava_ pretty -numerous. Inner Farne L.H., March 29th, one Pied Wagtail. 5 Buoy -Tees L.V., 28th and 29th, 8 a.m. to 3 p.m., great many in flocks of -about twenty, flying S.E. to N.W. Whitby L.H., 23rd, many. Autumn: -Heligoland, Aug. 14th, White Wagtail, _M. alba_, Linn., some; Sept. -9th, _M. flava_, many. Great Cotes, Sept. 2nd, Grey Wagtail, _M. -melanope_, flocks of twenty to thirty in bean-fields; only one old bird -seen. Spurn, 7th, several. Heligoland, April 26th, W.N.W., Richard's -Pipit, _Anthus richardii_, Vieill., one, a small male bird; 28th, one -male, very pale, but not faded or abraded. Autumn: Heligoland, Sept. -28th, S.W., fresh, _A. richardii_, a few; Oct. 8th, a few shot. Meadow -Pipit, _A. pratensis_ (Linn.), Sept. 7th, potato-fields crowded with -them, and up to Oct. 19th a great many; Oct. 17th, marvellous numbers. -Tree Pipit, _A. trivialis_ (Linn.), Sept. 19th to Oct. 11th, numerous. -Rock Pipit, _A. obscurus_ (Lath.), some with _pratensis_. Great Cotes, -Sept. 2nd, Meadow and Tree Pipits in small flocks in bean-fields. Inner -Dowsing L.V., Sept. 12th, fifty Titlarks during day. Farne Inner L.H., -Nov. 20th, 2 p.m., sixty to S.W. - -Laniidæ.--Spring: Spurn, May 28th. Red-backed Shrike, _Lanius -collurio_, Linn., two, male and female, night of 27th or morning of -28th. Autumn: Great Grey Shrike, _L. excubitor_, Linn., Spurn, Sept. -18th, one; 19th, one; and several during the first fortnight in -October. Heligoland, Oct. 5th, _L. major_, one, a second during day; -15th, one; 18th, _L. excubitor_, one, an old male. - -Waxwing, _Ampelis garrulus_, Linn.--Heligoland, Nov. 21st, one female. -Seaton Carew, Jan. 5th, 1883, several seen near Middlesborough and -Guisborough, some shot. Cleethorpes, near Grimsby, early morning, -15th, one in a garden close to coast; same time, one near Wragby, -Lincolnshire; 17th, large flocks, several scores, near Goole, fourteen -obtained. Several also in Norfolk near East Coast early in 1883. - -Muscicapidæ.--Pied Flycatcher, _M. atricapilla_, Linn.--Heligoland, -June 27th, pretty numerous, young, and forward to Sept. 20th in large -numbers; during the latter time with many Spotted Flycatchers, _M. -grisola_. Spurn, Sept. 12th, Pied Flycatchers, a few, very small birds -comparatively, measuring one inch less in length than those obtained in -1881. The Common Flycatcher was last observed in North Lincolnshire on -Sept. 25th. "Flycatchers" are frequently mentioned as occurring round -the lanterns at night; it is, however, impossible to say what birds are -intended, as the term is used indiscriminately for many of the small -insect-eating birds. - -Hirundinidæ.--Swallow, _H. rustica_, Linn.--Spring: First at -Hunstanton L.H., April 13th, several. Heligoland, April 23rd. Longstone -L.H., May 1st. Autumn: Heligoland, August to Oct. 31st, with House -Martins at the latter date. Sand Martins crossed the island on Aug. -15th, and large numbers of both _rustica_ and _urbica_ from Sept. -13th to 19th. On East Coast of England, Great Cotes, Aug. 12th, dusk, -starlight, about one hundred N.E. to S.W.; main body passed up the -coast in September, and very few seen after first week in October. The -last occurrences are North-East Lincolnshire, Nov. 8th, two at Laceby. -Flamborough, Nov. 11th, N., cold, two about lighthouse. Patrington, -Yorkshire, on Oct. 27th I saw ten or twelve House Martins hawking in -the village street. - -Goldfinch, _Carduelis elegans_, Steph.--Spring: Spurn, April 20th, -11 a.m., six from S. remaining all day. Autumn: Spurn and East -Lincolnshire, some in October. Heligoland, Oct. 16th, a few. - -Siskin, _Chrysomitris spinus_ (Linn.).--Seaton Carew, Durham, Oct. -19th, one. Spurn, 25th, a few. Heligoland, Oct. 16th and on to 23rd, -some. - -Greenfinch, _Ligurinus chloris_ (Linn.).--N. E. Lincolnshire, Feb. 5th, -1883, large flocks on stubbles near the coast. Great Cotes, Sept. 7th, -large migratory flocks in bean-fields and on stubbles during month, -feeding on seeds of _Atriplex angustifolia_ and _Polygonum aviculare_, -showing a decided preference for the latter. Languard L.H., Oct. 23rd, -very large flock came in at noon. - -Hawfinch, _Coccothraustes vulgaris_, Pall.--Inner Dowsing L.V., Oct. -20th, S.S.W. [No. 5], two came on board and remained all night, then in -the morning left, flying S.E. to N.W. At Heligoland, Mr. Gätke says, -"the Hawfinch here is a well-known customer, never in any numbers, but -every spring and fall some, betraying itself forthwith by its peculiar -call-note, so out of all proportion with its colossal beak." - -Common Sparrow, _Passer domesticus_ (Linn.).--From Sept. 23rd, Shipwash -L.V., "flights to N.N.W. to Farne Inner L.V.," Nov. 2nd, eight House -Sparrows, "seldom seen here." Altogether observed at twelve stations, -with one exception, as above, all south of the Humber. Goodwin L.V., -Sept. 27th to Nov. 14th, on ten days large and continuous flights to -W., and in large numbers in October at other stations. - -Tree Sparrow, _P. montanus_ (Linn.).--Spring: Heligoland, March 20th, -a score; April 24th, daily; and 15th to 20th, some; 29th, "eating off -buds of gooseberries in garden." Corton L.V., June 8th, one on board. -Autumn: Shipwash L.V., Sept. 22nd, 2 to 6 p.m., large numbers to S.W., -to Spurn, Oct. 25th; altogether at seven stations south of the Humber -in very considerable numbers in October. - -Chaffinch, _Fringilla cœlebs_, Linn.--Corton L.V., from Sept. 28th, -"several flocks during forenoon to W.," to Galloper L.V., Oct. 14th, 9 -p.m. to 4 a.m., "many with Larks." Seven stations report Chaffinches, -all in October, between the Tees and South Sand Head L.V., Goodwins. -Heligoland, Oct. 6th and 7th, enormous numbers crossed--hundreds of -thousands. - -Brambling, _F. montifringilla_, Linn.--Heligoland, March 13th and 14th, -1882, one each day; April 8th a few, and on to 28th. Autumn: Longstone -L.H., Sept. 21st, 10 a.m., N.E., fresh and stormy, several. Spurn, Oct. -9th, some; 18th, an immense flock of males, extending two hundred yards -in length, and flying as closely as a flock of Knots. Teesmouth, 12th -and 13th, some. Heligoland, Sept. 4th, E. by N., some; Oct. 19th, great -many. - -Linnet, _Linota cannabina_ (Linn.).--Scarcely any reported.[7] Lesser -Redpoll, _L. rufescens_ (Vieill.), a few in N. E. Lincolnshire, first -week in September. Spurn, October, several. Heligoland, Oct. 24th, -storm S.W., No. 11, one, "first capture of species on island"; Nov. -7th, S.E., windy and heavy rain, one shot in garden, second specimen. -Twite, _L. flavirostris_ (Linn.), Heligoland, scarcely any during -autumn. Spurn, Oct. 25th, some small flocks, examples obtained had very -pink rumps. - -[Footnote 7: East Coast of Scotland, vast rush in October (9th to -23rd). See J. A. H. B., p. 14 of Report.] - -Common Bullfinch, _Pyrrhula europæa_, Vieill.--Hasbro' L.V., Oct. 12th, -4 p.m., two S.E. to N.W. - -Common Crossbill, _Loxia curvirostra_, Linn.--Farne Inner L.H., July -15th, one found near lighthouse, had been dead some days. - -Emberizidæ.--Yellow Bunting, _E. citrinella_, Linn., Hunstanton L.H., -Oct. 23rd, 10.30 a.m., great many round lighthouse. Ortolan Bunting, -_E. hortulana_, Linn., Heligoland, April 28th and 29th, some. Meadow -Bunting, _E. cia_, Linn., Heligoland, March 8th, S.S.W., clear, warm -and fine, a fine old male, the first after forty years. Reed Bunting, -_E. schœniclus_, Linn., Great Cotes, first week in September, many -in bean-fields. Autumn: Heligoland, Aug. 14th, Ortolan Bunting, some; -28th, numerous; first fortnight in October, _E. schœniclus_, great many -daily; 17th, great many, and to end of month. - -Snow Bunting, _Plectrophanes nivalis_ (Linn.).--Spring: Heligoland, -Feb. 28th, 1882, great many; March 28th, many. 5 Buoy Tees L.V., Spurn, -and Inner Farne, in March; large flocks at Spurn on 4th. Autumn: A -few old birds in September; 7th and 8th, one each day at Skitter -Haven, within the Humber. Young birds first at Great Cotes, Sept. -28th; occurred at stations north of Humber in October, November, and -December, to January 2nd. Teesmouth, Dec. 1st, large flocks preceding -the heavy snow-storm on 5th. Heligoland, Oct. 24th, S.S.E., strong and -increasing, thick, "with thousands of others during forenoon racing -past overhead"; night, storm S.W. [No. 11]; 29th, "in great masses in -the fields"; and at intervals great numbers to Nov. 21st. - -Sky Lark, _Alauda arvensis_, Linn.--Spring: Heligoland, Jan. 18th, -1882, N.N.W., all night great many, all day thousands upon thousands -over island, all to E.; miles out at sea the same; Feb. 8th and 9th, -great numbers across island; 10th and 11th, the same with Starlings, -all to W.; 15th, S.W., rain, from early morning and all day, thousands -from the east. Starlings same, all very high; 25th, S.S.W., early, -calm and fine, "flights on flights" to E. by N.; 28th, Woodlark, _A. -arborea_, Linn., "a small party, the first"; March 2nd, a flight. -Spurn, March 27th, flocks of Sky Larks all day passing. Autumn: First -at Galloper L.V., Sept. 20th, midnight to 4 p.m., "shoals," to Jan. -10th, 1883, at 5 Buoy Tees L.V.; altogether at twenty-nine stations, -crossing the whole east coast of England, and in immense numbers both -by night and day, direction E. to W., or S.E. to N.W.; Oct. 7th and -8th, great "rushes," again 10th and 13th, and again on 20th; Nov. 12th, -and on Dec. 13th to 15th inclusive, in the latter case up the coast -from N. to S., as well as directly inland from sea. Larks appear to -have been tolerably equally distributed over the whole coast-line, -and as usual to have crossed the North Sea in enormous numbers, far -outnumbering any other species. At Heligoland, in the autumn, they -appear, from Mr. Gätke's notes, to have passed on Oct. 11th, "great -many passing above fog," call-notes heard; and subsequently in large -numbers to Nov. 21st. - -Shore Lark, _Otocorys alpestris_ (Linn.)--Spring: Heligoland, March -20th, eight to ten; April 8th, E. by N., great many flights of twenty -or over; 9th, same; 11th, very numerous; 14th, flights of thirty to -forty; and to 24th, some daily. Autumn: Oct. 4th, great many; 6th, -"some" (that means with us here, say a hundred); and subsequently at -intervals to 28th, when they passed by thousands; Nov. 27th, many still -passing over. Spurn, Oct. 26th, flock of seven; November and December, -tolerably abundant; about eighty shot near Yarmouth in October, the -greater portion being male birds. - -Starling, _Sturnus vulgaris_, Linn.--Spring: April 4th, flocks to -N. Autumn: First at Whitby, Aug. 3rd, 4th, and 5th, great many near -lighthouse to Dec. 15th, at Spurn; altogether at nineteen stations -covering the east coast of England, the bulk crossing in October; -great rush from 10th to 13th inclusive, from E. to W. and to W.S.W. -Heligoland, Oct. 10th, flights of sixty to seventy; 22nd, S. by E., -flights of "hundreds of thousands," and great many to Nov. 13th. -Rose-coloured Starling, _Pastor roseus_ (Linn.), Sept. 24th, S.E., -calm, one young bird. - -Common Jay, _Garrulus glandarius_ (Linn.).--Heligoland, Oct. 6th, -strong, clear, later stormy, "flights of hundreds"; Oct. 7th, S.E., -clear, not warm, blowing nearly a gale, "without interruption thousands -on thousands passing overhead like Crows"; 8th, S.E., fresh, clear, -"actually still more than yesterday, over the sea north and south -of the island, multitudes like a continual stream--never seen such -masses"; 15th, eight to ten. Mem.: "Jays requiring strong, dry, clear -east wind; Tits and _pratensis_ the same; Chaffinches want east wind -strong, but overcast, and cloudy sky." The great abundance of the Jay -in our English woodlands has been remarked upon from many districts -during the winter of 1882-83; more especially, however, south of a line -drawn from Flamborough Head to Portland Bill, Dorset. - -Magpie, _Pica rustica_ (Scop.).--Spurn L.H., March 24th, remained in -neighbourhood three days. Weybourne, Norfolk, Oct. 16th, arrival of -Magpies noticed.--J. H. G. - -Daw, _Corvus monedula_, Linn.--At several stations with Rooks in -October and November. Heligoland, Oct. 6th, about one hundred; 24th, -towards evening, flights of about five hundred; 27th, one shot from -a flock with light grey neck; on this day all birds in great haste, -flying as a rule _very_ high; enormous flocks of Jackdaws seen but as -the finest dust; of many birds only heard call-notes without being able -to see them; wind S., S.E., and E. by S. - -Carrion Crow, _C. corone_, Linn.--First at Orfordness L.H., Sept. 23rd, -seven to N.E.; and at several stations from Farne Inner L.H. to Goodwin -L.V., in October, November, and December; sometimes with Hooded Crows, -occasionally in separate flocks. On Oct. 9th, at Spurn, Mr. Hewetson -shot a Crow from a flock passing inland, which had a few white feathers -under the chin and some of the claws white. Heligoland, Oct. 27th, a -small flight. - -Hooded Crow, _C. cornix_, Linn.--Spring: Spurn L.H., March 11th, to -S., many all day. Corton L.V., from March 21st to April 14th, large -numbers of Rooks and Hooded Crows going from W. to E. Heligoland, March -2nd, flights high over head to E.; March 4th, same; 12th, N.W., clear, -great flights to E.; 13th and 14th, same; and to 17th, pretty numerous -daily; April 8th, very many high overhead; 9th, same; 11th, great -many. Longstone L.H., April 31st, eleven came on island, appeared much -fatigued, and then left for land, mod. gale N.N.W. Inner Farne L.H., -16th and 17th, many to W.S.W.; a great many Crows (Rooks?) same time. -Autumn: Orfordness L.H., Sept. 19th, first seen, one. In large numbers -through October and November at stations from Farne Islands to Goodwin -light-vessels; great rush Oct. 11th and 13th. Nothing special to note -of migration across Heligoland in the autumn, which as usual was in -immense numbers in October and November. As a rule, few Hooded Crows -cross south of Languard Point, and few Carrion Crows north of Spurn. -Rooks and Jackdaws sparingly north of Spurn, and gradually increase -southward; and most plentiful at southern stations. - -Rook, _C. frugilegus_, Linn.--Spring: Heligoland. Feb. 22nd, N.W., a -very great flight; 28th, several flights going due E.; March 4th, same; -13th and 14th, less. Autumn: Sparingly north of the Humber, and in -large numbers at the southern stations throughout October and November, -and on to the middle of December. Immense numbers remain in North -Lincolnshire during the winter, feeding in the lowlands on both sides -of the Humber, and moving in the afternoon to the high wolds, where at -dusk they retire to the great woods to roost. - -Raven, _C. corax_, Linn.--Whitby L.H., May 20th, one, "comes each year -about this time." - -Common Swift, _Cypselus apus_ (Linn.).--Hunstanton L.H., May 22nd, -several. Autumn: Spurn L.H., June 17th, 18th, and 20th, great many to -S., sometimes a flock remaining on gallery of lantern at night. Corton -L.V., Aug. 1st, many to W. Heligoland, Aug. 14th, S., some. - -At the Inner Farne L.H., Aug. 19th, "a very large Swift, supposed to -be a foreigner, flying about island." About the end of July an Alpine -Swift, _C. melba_, Linn., was shot by Mr. Wm. Rogerson, of Newcastle, -at Alnmouth, Northumberland, and recorded at the time in the 'Newcastle -Journal,' Aug. 2nd, 1882, as 9¼ inches in length, and 21 inches between -the tips of the wings; and that it was identified by Mr. John Hancock. - -Common Nightjar, _Caprimulgus europæus_, Linn.--Spurn, Sept. 11th, one. - -Wryneck, _Jynx torquilla_, Linn.--Heligoland, April 23rd, several. - -Kingfisher, _Alcedo ispida_, Linn.--Great Cotes, Sept. 1st, several in -marshes. Hasbro' L.V., 23rd, 10 p.m., one struck lantern and killed, -was flying S.E. to N.W. - -Hoopoe, _Upupa epops_, Linn.--Heligoland, April 23rd, one. Spurn, Aug. -18th, one shot on Kilnsea Warren. Inner Farne, Aug. 29th, one shot on -mainland; one also near Yarmouth in October. - -Cuckoo, _Cuculus canorus_, Linn.--Spurn, May 1st. Whitby, 8th. Inner -Farne, 11th. One on each occasion. - -Striges, Owls.--Long-eared Owl, _Asio otus_ (Linn.), Languard L.H., -Oct. 26th, 4.30 p.m., one. Short-eared Owl, _A. accipitrinus_, -Heligoland, scarcely any. On English coast also remarkably scarce; -a few during the first fortnight in October at stations from Redcar -to Languard Point; appears to have come over at the same time as the -Woodcocks, from Oct. 11th to 13th. Hasbro' L.V., Nov. 16th, one "Grey -Owl" at sunrise to W. - -Falconidæ.--Heligoland, March 4th, 1882, S.E. to S.W. Greenland -Falcon, _Falco candicans_, Gmel., a very fine white bird. Sparrowhawk, -_Accipiter nisus_ (Linn.), Sept. 15th, great many over the sea north of -the island, none on Heligoland; 19th, following flights of Chaffinches; -Oct. 5th, many with Kestrels also, and on to 12th. Sea Eagle, -_Haliaëtus albicilla_ (Linn.), Sept. 16th, Nov. 13th, 14th, and 20th, -one each day. Peregrine Falcon, _Falco peregrinus_, Tunstall, Sept. -20th, some, and many young Merlins. Merlin, _F. æsalon_, Nov. 12th, -a very red-breasted old male obtained. Hen Harrier, _Circus cyaneus_ -(Linn.), Nov. 20th, one. On English coast. Kestrels, a few in September -and October. Sparrowhawks from Aug. 3rd to September, and through -October; also Jan. 9th, 1883, Goodwin L.V., one; not unfrequently -alight in the evening on the rigging of the light-vessels, leaving -again at daybreak. One, caught on the Corton L.V., Aug. 3rd, had a -piece of copper wire round one leg. An Osprey was seen near Lowestoft -on Oct. 7th; a Honey Buzzard shot at Welwick, near Spurn, on Sept. -15th; and another, Dereham, Norfolk, on Oct. 3rd; a few Buzzards were -seen about Spurn in October. Altogether the larger birds of prey have -been extremely scarce during the autumn. - -Gannet, _Sula bassana_ (Linn.).--Longstone L.H., March 15th, flocks -to north from 10 a.m. to 4 p.m., and to end of month between the same -hours; also first week in April between same hours; Oct. 20th to 24th, -flocks flying north, old and young, but mostly old birds. Dudgeon L.V., -Oct. 8th, eight off light-ship all day. Orfordness, Dec. 6th to 7th, -"flocks to W. along shore." - -Ardeidæ.--Common Heron, _Ardea cinerea_, Linn., Aug. 6th, 7 p.m., five -to N. Hanois L.H., Sept. 17th, two to W., twenty to S.W. Bittern, -_Botaurus stellaris_ (Linn.), Hornsea, Dec. 22nd. - -Anatidæ, Geese.--Farne Inner L.H., Feb. 9th, twenty-one Brent Geese to -E.S.E. Kilnsea, Spurn, June 5th, eight large Grey Geese to S., flying -very low. Longstone L.H., Oct. 15th, nine Wild Geese; one, wounded -against lantern and subsequently shot, was a Barnacle Goose, _Bernicla -leucopsis_. Farne Inner, Nov. 13th, three Canada Geese shot from flock -of eleven on one of the outlying islands; large flocks of Grey Geese -going south along coast early in December. - -Swans.--5 Buoy Tees L.V., Aug. 5th, six young Swans in Tees. Newarp -L.V., Oct. 26th, three Swans to W. Spurn L.H., Nov. 28th, 9 a.m., ten -passed close to lantern. Dudgeon L.V., 24th, fifty all white close past -ship to W. Teesmouth, 24th, 9 a.m., six. - -Ducks.--5 Buoy Tees L.V., April 25th, twenty-five Sheldrake, _Tadorna -cornuta_ (Gmel.), seen in Tees. Inner Farne L.H., May 2nd, one solitary -King Eider, _S. spectabilis_ (Linn.), first time seen this season. -Longstone L.H., Sept. 4th, Scaup Duck flying N. Large flights of -various Ducks seen on east coast at many stations in October to end of -the year; direction of flight, however, not sufficiently persistent -to permit any deductions; many doubtless were flocks changing their -feeding-grounds. - -Columbidæ.--Spurn, May 24th, two Turtle Doves, _Turtur communis_, -Selby. Gull L.V., July 9th, 7.30 p.m., twenty Wood Pigeons, _C. -palumbus_, Linn., to N.W. Spurn, Sept. 7th, Turtle Dove, young. Farne -Inner L.H., Dec. 20th, 10 a.m., two Wood Pigeons to E.N.E. - -Rallidæ.--Inner Farne L.H., Sept. 12th, Landrail, _Crex pratensis_, -Bechst., killed against lantern during night. Spurn, 18th, one shot. - -Crane, _Grus communis_, Bechst.--Heligoland, April 12th, one, not -captured. - -Little Bustard, _Otis tetrax_, Linn.--Heligoland, one shot, first -occasion. - -Charadriadæ.--Spurn, May 30th, Turnstone, _Strepsilas interpres_ -(Linn.), small flock in full summer plumage. Spurn, first week in -June, Dotterel, _C. morinellus_, four seen. The Golden Plover, _C. -pluvialis_, Linn., was first seen at Farne Inner L.H., Aug. 17th; small -flocks on island; on the same day also, in Great Cotes marshes, in -summer plumage. Yarmouth, Sept. 10th, four, partially in summer dress. -Grey Plover, _S. helvetica_ (Linn.), first at Teesmouth, Aug. 10th, -two. Spurn, Sept. 7th, first seen; on 16th, three large flocks, many -members of each in full summer plumage. 5 Buoy Tees L.V., Oct. 15th and -16th, Grey Plover with Curlew, two to three hundred in flock. Whitby -L.H., Nov. 14th, one hundred or more. Immense flocks of Lapwings, -_Vanellus vulgaris_, Bechst., at Farne Islands, Sept. 25th and 26th, -and subsequently at many other stations during the winter. Kentish -Plover, _Æ. cantiana_ (Lath.), was obtained near Blakeney about Sept. -26th. Heligoland, young Golden Plover commenced passing, Aug. 9th; -during July and up to the end of the month, every night, great numbers -of _Numenius_, _Totanus_, _Tringa_, and _C. hiaticula_, &c., crossed; -on Aug. 25th, great numbers of Golden Plovers; on the 22nd, S.W., great -many Dotterel, _C. morinellus_ (Linn.); again Sept. 4th, great many -Dotterel, 11 p.m., passing overhead E. to W., one flight taking ten -minutes to pass. - -Scolopacidæ.--Red-necked Phalarope, _Phalaropus hyperboreus_ (Linn.), -Breydon, Norfolk, Sept. 4th, one shot, two seen. Common Snipe, -_Gallinago cælestis_ (Frenzel), end of second week in March, 1882, N. -E. Lincolnshire, returning in some numbers. Heligoland, March 2nd, one; -April 12th, S.S.W., a few. Autumn: Farne Inner L.H., Sept. 14th, Snipe -to W. Orfordness, Oct. 13th, 8 p.m., one killed. Flamborough L.H., Nov. -16th, two struck and killed, strong S.E. gale. Gull L.V., Nov. 3rd, -about one hundred to W. Jack Snipe, _G. gallinula_ (Linn.), Longstone -L.H., Sept. 21st, E.N.E. to N.E., one killed against S.E. side lantern. -Farne Inner L.H., Oct. 12th, two. Woodcock, _Scolopax rusticula_, -Linn., Spurn, Sept. 18th, first Woodcock; the great flight took place -on the night of Oct. 12th, wind E., strong, fog and drizzling rain; on -the morning of 13th at Farne Inner, 5 Buoy Tees L.V.,[8] Teesmouth, -Coquet, Whitby, Flamborough, Spurn, Yarmouth, and Orfordness, in -some numbers; specially so at Farne Inner, Teesmouth, Flamborough, -and Spurn. Second flight, Teesmouth, Nov. 13th; and at Whitby, 11th; -Farne, Dec. 14th; and Coquet, 14th. Woodcocks occurred at Heligoland -on Oct. 26th, a few; 29th, twenty to thirty shot; Nov. 11th, some; -and 21st and 30th, some. Dunlin, _Tringa alpina_, Linn., Great Cotes, -Aug. 16th, night warm, close, thunder-storm, very dark, heavy rain -from S.E., flocks of waders passing over. Dunlin and Kinged Plover. -Curlew Sandpiper, _T. subarquata_ (Güld.), Spurn, Sept. 14th, a few. -Ruff, _Machetes pugnax_, Linn., Seaton Carew, Nov. 2nd, two Ruffs and -a Reeve. Knot, _T. canutus_, Linn., Teesmouth, Aug. 11th, one; 15th, -three. Great Cotes, 27th, flock of about two hundred. Spurn, Sept. -6th, several; plentiful by middle of month. Spurn L.H., Nov. 15th, 3 -a.m., many round lantern. Hasbro' L.V., 16th, 11 a.m., large flocks -very high E. to W.S.W. Sanderling, _Calidris arenaria_ (Linn.)., Spurn, -May 31st, flocks, some in summer and others in transition plumage. -Lincolnshire coast, Aug. 10th, flocks, thirty to forty, old and young -together, near Somercotes. Green Sandpiper, _Totanus ochropus_ (Linn.), -Breydon, Aug. 15th, plentiful. Common Redshank, _T. calidris_ (Linn.), -scarce. Spotted Redshank, _T. fuscus_ (Linn.), Breydon, Aug. 15th, -one, immature, shot. Greenshank, _T. cancescens_ (Gmel.), Breydon, -Aug. 15th, plentiful. Red-breasted Snipe, _Macrorhamphus griseus_ -(Gmel.), Aug. 15th, one shot at Cleethorpes, near Grimsby, a mature -bird in moult from the knot-like plumage of summer to the grey of -winter. Bar-tailed Godwit, _Limosa lapponica_ (Linn.), Teesmouth, Aug. -13th, 4.30 a.m., five. Black-tailed Godwit, _L. ægocephala_ (Linn.), -Aug. 24th, four seen at Breydon, two in summer plumage. Whimbrel, -_Numenius phæopus_ (Linn.), 5 Buoy, Tees L.V., April 23rd, one N.W. to -S.E. Great Cotes, July 27th, Whimbrel passing, first of the season. -Teesmouth, Aug. 1st to 7th, two or three small flocks about; and large -flocks to E. early on morning of 16th. Common Curlew, _N. arquata_ -(Linn.), Heligoland, April 12th, from 10 p.m. to daylight, hundreds of -thousands of _Tringa_, _Numenius_, _Hæmatopus_, and the like flying -over. Lincolnshire coast, Aug. 10th, flocks of eight to ten young, on -shore near Somercotes. South Sand Head L.V., Sept. 17th, twelve, the -first seen, to N.W. 5 Buoy Tees L.V., Oct. 15th and 16th, flocks of two -to three hundred passing. Whitby L.H., Oct. 15th, large flock round -lantern for several hours, thick and dark. Cromer L.H., Oct. 13th, -large flock round lantern. Spurn L.H., Nov. 15th, 3 a.m., many round -lantern with Knots. Flamboro' L.H., 16th, many round lantern; and on -Dec. 13th, all night with Larks. - -[Footnote 8: At this light-vessel a single bird passed, going west, at -daybreak.] - -Sterninæ, Terns.--Inner Farne L.H., April 20th, Sandwich Tern, _Sterna -cantiaca_, Gmel., heard calling for first time. Longstone L.H., May -3rd, first Sandwich Tern seen on island. Inner Farne L.H., May 2nd, -Arctic Tern, _Sterna macrura_, Naum., seen first time; 4th, both -together, flying round their breeding-stations. Inner Farne, Aug. -28th, most of Arctic and Sandwich Terns left their breeding-quarters. -Longstone and Inner Farne, Sept. 6th and 7th, both species finally left -island. - -Larinæ, Gulls.--Heligoland, Jan. 17th, Greater Black-backed Gull, -_Larus marinus_, Linn., hundreds, all old birds; and on 31st, the same, -nearly without exception old birds; Kittiwake, _Rissa tridactyla_ -(Linn.), same. Whitby, Feb. 12th, Herring Gulls came to the cliffs to -breed, in 1881; it was on the 14th. Longstone, March 15th, Gulls coming -to nesting-quarters. Whitby, July 16th, young first seen on wing; Sept. -7th, old and young left. Great Cotes, Sept. 28th, Humber-flats covered -with various Gulls. Whitby, Oct. 14th, large numbers seen at sea, going -S. Spurn, in December, Iceland Gull, _L. leucopterus_, Faber, mature -and immature, obtained. - -Stercorariinæ, Skuas.--Farne Inner, Sept. 26th, Skuas seen in -attendance on Black-headed Gulls. Teesmouth (Redcar), Oct. 20th, five -Skuas to E. Nov. 1st, Longstone, one. Have been remarkably scarce on -the coast. - -Procellariidæ, Petrels.--Coquet L.H., Oct. 14th, 7 p.m., one Stormy -Petrel caught against glass and set at liberty again. Languard, 11th, -one, 6.15 p.m. Spurn, 29th, one at edge of water. - -Alcidæ, Auks.--Common Guillemot, _Lomvia troile_, (Linn.), Longstone -L.H., Jan. 3rd, 1883, Guillemots flying in from sea to island; -March 15th, 1882, assembling for breeding on islands; May 15th, -Puffins assembling on islands; Aug. 25th, Guillemots and Puffins -have left their nesting-quarters on rocks; Oct. 22nd, Little Auk, -_Mergulus alba_, Linn., one seen; Nov. 1st, two young Puffins seen. -Inner Farne, April 1st, multitudes of Guillemots flying up to their -nesting-quarters; Nov. 18th, several Puffins and Guillemots off -islands. Flamborough, Guillemots great many last week in January, -towards headland; Feb. 5th, great numbers going N. all morning; Dec. -27th, first seen off coast, are passing and repassing daily in great -numbers. - -Colymbidæ, Divers.--Inner Farne, Sept. 6th, Great Northern Diver, _C. -glacialis_, Linn., three to N.; Dec, first week, Red-throated Diver, -_C. septentrionalis_, Linn., Black-throated Diver, _C. arcticus_, -Linn., and Great Northern Diver, all three about the islands this week; -on 5th, fourteen Great Northern Divers to W. Longstone, Nov. 14th, two -young Great Northern Divers off island fishing. Teesmouth, Oct. 31st, -flock of Great Northern Divers passed at noon. - -Podicipitidæ, Grebes.--October, Sclavonian Grebe, _Podiceps auritus_, -Linn., adult in winter plumage shot in a timber pond at Hull; -Red-necked Grebe, _P. griseigena_ (Bodd.), and Sclavonian Grebe, on -Humber in October and November. - -The Committee are indebted to Professor Chr. Fr. Lütken, of the -Universitetets Zoologiske Museum, Copenhagen, for a list of the -birds killed against the lantern of the lighthouse of Stevns, on the -projecting part of Zealand, marking the limit between the Baltic -and the Grönsund Belt, in the autumn of 1882. Professor Lütken, in -forwarding the list, remarked that his late lamented predecessor. -Professor Reinhardt, made arrangements with a physician, Mr. Antander, -residing at the small town of Storeheddinge, seven Danish miles south -of Copenhagen, in the neighbourhood of Stevns Klint and the lighthouse -of Stevns, for forwarding any birds found killed to the museum, with -the following result:-- - - -Stevns Fyr, Zealand, Denmark, 1882. - - April 14th. _Turdus musicus_ 2. - " " _Saxicola œnanthe_ 2 males. - " 15th. _Sylvia rubecula_ 1 male. - " " _Emberiza miliaria_ 1. - " 19th. _Numenius arquatus_ 1.* - " " _Turdus musicus_ 1. - " " _Saxicola œnanthe_ 3 males and 8 females. - " " _Turdus iliacus_ 1. - " 24th. _Emberiza passerina_ 1 caught alive. - " 29th. _Turdus musicus_ 1. - May 9th. _Sylvia schœnobænus_ 1. - " 11th. _Luscinia philomela_ 1 alive.† - " " _Emberiza hortulana_ 1 " † - " 12th. _Muscicapa atricapilla_ 1. - " 18th. _Sylvia cinerea_ 2. - " " _S. phragmitis_ 1. - " " _S. rufa_ 1. - " " _S. trochilus_ 1. - Sept. 21st. _Turdus torquatus_ 1. - " " _Sylvia rubecula_ 5. - " " _S. curruca_ 1. - " " _Ruticilla phœnicurus_ 2. - Oct. 10th. _Sylvia rubecula_ 1. - " 21st. _Turdus iliacus_ 2. - " " _Alauda arvensis_ 4. - " " _Regulus cristatus_ 2. - " " _Emberiza schœniclus_ 1. - -* Is often seen swarming around the lighthouse at the time of its -migration--six or seven on this night flew against the panes without -being killed, and two others were caught alive. About forty Redbreasts -and Wheatears were caught on the same night, but set at liberty again -in the morning. On clear moonlight nights nothing at all is caught or -found. - -† According to Mr. Antander were not sent to museum. - -Mr. Gätke sends the following notes of an extraordinary migration of -the Silver Gamma Moth, _Plusia gamma_, across Heligoland in August, -1882:-- - -On Aug. 13th, at 1 a.m. till 4, thousands on thousands passed the -Heligoland lighthouse, travelling E. to W. From 11 p.m. on the 15th, -till 3 a.m. on 16th, millions, like a snow-storm, all belonging to -the same species, passed forward in the same direction. Again, on the -18th, from 11 p.m. till 3 a.m. on the 19th, thousands on thousands -were observed under the same circumstances. Some scores caught for -identification were all in most perfect plumage; no fading or abrasion. - - -General Remarks. - -The observations taken along the E. coast of England in the spring and -autumn of 1882 have been such as to confirm the conclusions arrived at -in previous reports. - -As in 1880 and 1881, the line of autumn migration has been a broad -stream from E. to W., or from points S. of E. to N. of W., covering -the whole of the E. coast. In 1880 a considerable proportion of the -immigrants crossed at the more southern stations; in 1881 they covered -the whole of the E. coast in tolerably equal proportions; but in 1882 -the stations N. of the Humber show a marked preponderance of arrivals. - -Although migration has extended over an unusually long period, -commencing in July and continued with but slight intermission -throughout the autumn and into the following year to the end of -January, yet the great mass of immigrants arrived on our E. coast in -October, and a large proportion of these during the first fortnight -in the month. From Oct. 6th to 8th, inclusive, and again from the -12th to the 15th there was, night and day, an enormous rush, under -circumstances of wind and weather, which observation has shown are most -opposed to a favourable passage. During these periods birds arrived in -an exhausted condition, and we have reasons for supposing, from the -number reported as alighting on fishing-boats and vessels in the North -Sea, that the loss must have been very considerable; large flights -also are recorded as having appeared round the lanterns of lighthouses -and light-vessels during the night migration. From the 6th to the -9th, inclusive, strong E. winds blew over the North Sea, with fog and -drizzling rain, and from the night of the 12 to 17th very similar -weather prevailed. Mr. W. Littlewood, of the Galloper L.V., moored on -the bank of that name forty miles S.E. of Orfordness, reports that on -the night of Oct. 6th, Larks, Starlings, Mountain Sparrows, Titmice, -Common Wrens, Redbreasts, Chaffinches and Plover were picked up on the -deck, and that it is calculated five to six hundred struck the rigging -and fell overboard; a large proportion of these were Larks. Thousands -of birds were flying round the lantern from 11.30 p.m. to 4.45 a.m., -their white breasts, as they dashed to and fro in the circle of light, -having the appearance of a heavy fall of snow. This was repeated on the -8th and 12th, and on the night of the 13th 160 were picked up on deck, -including Larks, Starlings, Thrushes and two Redbreasts; it was thought -one thousand struck and went overboard into the sea. It is only on dark -rainy nights, snow or fog, that these casualties occur; when the nights -are light, or any stars visible, the birds appear to give the lanterns -a wide berth. - -Unquestionably the principal feature of the autumn migrations has been -the enormous arrival of the little Gold-crested Wren. The migrations -appear to have covered not only the E. coast of England, but to have -extended southward to the Channel Islands and northward to the Faroes -(see Report East Coast of Scotland, Harvie Brown). On the E. coast of -England they are recorded at no less than twenty-one stations, from -the Farne Islands to the Hanois L.H., Guernsey. The earliest notice -is Aug. 6th, the latest Nov. 5th, or ninety-two days; during the same -period enormous numbers crossed Heligoland, more especially in October, -and quite up to the end of the month. On the night from the 28th to -29th Mr. Gätke remarks, "We have had a perfect storm of Goldcrests, -poor little souls, perching on the ledges of the window-panes of the -lighthouse, preening their feathers in the glare of the lamps. On the -29th all the island swarmed with them, filling the gardens and over all -the cliff,--hundreds of thousands; by 9 a.m. most of them had passed on -again." - -Not less remarkable was the great flight of the Common Jay past and -over that island early in October, on the 6th, 7th, and 8th; thousands -on thousands without interruption passing on overhead like Crows, N. -and S. of the island too, multitudes like a continual stream, all -going E. to W. in a strong south-easterly gale. It would have been an -interesting fact if we had been able to correlate this migration of -Jays with any visible arrival on our English coast, but in none of -our returns is any mention made of the Jay. Mr. Matthew Bailey, of -Flamborough, told me that on one evening early in October (the exact -date he was not able to give) he had observed at dusk large flights -of birds, about the size of Jackdaws, coming to land, and was struck -with the good headway they seemed to make against a strong wind. It -was too dark, however, to make out what they were. Subsequently I have -received numerous notices speaking of the extraordinary number of Jays -seen during the winter in our English woodlands. This seems especially -to have been the case south of a line drawn from Flamborough Head to -Portland Bill, in Dorset.[9] - -[Footnote 9: Common Jay. Additions and unusual numbers observed at -Arden, on Loch Lomond side, subsequently reported by James Lumsden, -Esq., is the only report of Jays I have got in Scotland.--J. A. H. B.] - -Extraordinary numbers of the Common Hedge Sparrow (_Accentor -modularis_)--"the dunnock" of the English schoolboy, the "blue Janet" -of Scotland--passed over Heligoland in October, more especially on -the 6th, 7th, and 8th; and it is curious that on the 8th of the same -month they swarmed in astonishing numbers, both at Spurn and in N.E. -Lincolnshire. - -The Woodcock arrived on the east coast on the night of Oct. 12th, or -early morning of the 13th; wind E., strong, fog, and drizzling rain. On -the morning of the 13th they are recorded from nine stations, covering -250 miles of coast-line, from the Farne Islands to Orfordness.[10] -It is fair to suppose that this, the "great flight" of the season, -did not start from the same locality, but from various parts of the -opposite coast of Europe,--places widely apart. Both previous and -subsequent to their passage the weather had been much of the same -character over the North Sea. Why they should start simultaneously on -this special evening, and how they managed to "keep touch," to use -a military term, during a passage of several hundred miles across a -stormy sea, in fog and drizzling rain, so as to arrive about the same -time at their Tel-el-Kebir on our English sand-hills, is one of those -points in the phenomena of migration which will probably take some time -and more extended observations, especially on the opposite coast-line, -to clear up. - -[Footnote 10: I Also "great flight" same time, Isle of May. East coast -of Scotland report.] - -An interesting entry in one of the returned schedules, that from -the Inner Dowsing L.V., placed seventeen miles E. of Sutton, on the -Lincolnshire coast, is that of two Hawfinches, which came on board on -the evening of Oct. 20th, a strong S.S.W. wind blowing, and remaining -all night, left again at daybreak, their course being from S.E. to -N.W., the course followed by a large proportion of our immigrants. -As far as we are aware this is the first notice of Hawfinches having -been seen at sea. At Heligoland, Mr. Gätke says the species is a -well-known customer, never in any numbers, but every spring and fall -some, betraying itself forthwith by its peculiar call-note, so out of -all proportion with its colossal beak. - -There are some birds occurring on our east coast year by year with -tolerable regularity, which, during the autumn of 1882, have been -remarkable for their scarcity. This has been the case with all the -large raptorial birds, and especially with the Short-eared Owl, and -Common Linnet and Twite. Their absence on migration has also been -remarked upon in Heligoland. The Short-eared Owl also appears to have -been specially scarce on the east coast of Scotland. (See East Coast of -Scotland Report.) - -Our returns show very clearly that the spring lines of migration, -followed by birds leaving our shores, are identically the same as those -followed in the autumn, but of course in the reverse direction from W. -and N.W. to E. and S.E. - -As this is the fourth report issued by the Committee, we may, perhaps, -with the mass of facts at our disposal, be expected to draw deductions, -which, if they do not explain, will serve at least to throw some light -on the causes influencing the migration of birds. We might reasonably -reply that the work undertaken by us was not to theorise, or attempt -explanations, but simply to collect facts and tabulate them. This we -have endeavoured to do in the shortest and simplest manner consistent -with accuracy of detail. There is, however, one circumstance which can -scarcely fail to present itself to those who have gone carefully into -the reports issued by the Committee, namely, the marvellous persistency -with which, year by year, birds follow the same lines of migration when -approaching or leaving our shores: the constancy of these periodical -phenomena is suggestive of some settled principle or law governing -the movement. It is clearly evident, from the facts already at our -disposal, that there are two distinct migrations going forward at the -same time; one, the ordinary flow in the spring and ebb in the autumn, -across the whole of the western Palæarctic regions, which of course -includes the British Isles, of a great migratory wave moving to and -from the nesting-quarters of the birds in the coldest part of their -range, N.E. in the spring and S.W. in the autumn. Quite independent -of this there is a continual stream of immigrants, week by week and -month by month, to the eastern shores of these islands, coming directly -across Europe from E. to W., or more commonly from points S. of E. -to others N. of W., and the reverse in the spring. These are mainly -composed of those common and well-known species which annually make -these islands their winter resort, and take the place of our summer -birds: they come in one broad stream, cutting the line of ordinary -migration at nearly right angles; one flank brushes the Orkneys and -Shetlands, pouring through the Pentland Firth, even touching the -distant Faroes; the southern wing crosses the Channel Islands, shaping -its course in a north-westerly direction to the English coast. In -our explanation of the causes which first induced, and perhaps still -influences, this E. to W. migration, we must probably go back a long -way in the history of the world, when the distribution of the land -and water of continental Europe was very different to what it now is; -when there was no North Sea, and the western coast-line of Europe was -represented by what is now known as the hundred-fathom line off' the -West of Ireland, a coast which on the one side touched Scandinavia, and -on the other was linked with the Spanish peninsula. Great as is now -the contrast between the winters of Central Russia and those of these -islands, the difference would then be much more marked,--arctic cold on -one hand, and semi-tropical warmth on the other.[11] It requires then -no stretch of imagination to believe that great flights of birds would -on the approach of winter be driven before the intense cold of Eastern -and Central Europe to seek refuge and find food in the warm regions -of the west, regions which then would feel the full effects of the -warm equatorial currents, and enjoy an almost perpetual summer. This -movement once begun would, by the very necessities of existence, and in -time by an hereditary instinct, be continued. Gradually the land now -occupied by the North Sea has been withdrawn from beneath the migrating -flocks; year after year the middle passage became wider and more -difficult; yet the habit once formed would be continued, and hereditary -instinct, or whatever other name we choose to give it, supply the rest. - -[Footnote 11: There are ninety species of plants, all told, common -alike to Southwestern England and Ireland, and to the Pyrenean and -Italian region. They represent an old flora no longer adapted to the -country,--a flora of warmth and sunshine,--and now dying out under -the advance of hardier, more vigorous and congenial species. They -may be regarded as the last floral relics of the submerged land, -that semi-tropical western land whose plants and flowers are not of -Scandinavian origin, but derived from Southern Europe.] - -Mr. Wallace has told us how, in the Eastern Archipelago, comparatively -narrow, and probably very ancient, straits of water divide and wholly -separate distinct races of birds; and we have instances of this in -Europe, where species, common on the opposite coast of the Continent, -rarely or never occur in the British Islands. - -Small birds, like the Goldcrest, do not cross great breadths of water -from choice; they doubtless would prefer a migration over land, from -field to field, or hedge to hedge; or at the most closely following -some old established coast-line. Why, except on some such hypothesis as -stated, should they attempt the North Sea, not alone at the narrowest -part, the straits of Dover, or from Ostend to the coast of Kent, -but in the very widest parts also, from the Elbe to the Humber, or -Danish coast to the Pentland Firth and Scotch islands? What impels -our autumn visitants, the young weeks in advance of their parents, to -launch westward across what, for anything they can possibly know to the -contrary, may prove an Atlantic, an ocean without a further shore? - -There are doubtless several causes, working separately or together, -which influence migration, and we must not look for an explanation -of the phenomena attending these great periodical movements to one -cause only, for by doing this we lose sight perhaps of other equally -powerful incentives. I have spoken in previous reports of the -probability of birds following ancient coast-lines once linking now -distant lands, impelled by what we call, for want of a better term, -hereditary instinct, that is, an instinct derived through ancestors. -It is, perhaps, an open question whether the young, which undoubtedly -arrive in the autumn weeks in advance of the great mass of old birds, -depend entirely on this, or whether they are in any way dependent on -guidance and direction. It is a curious fact, which we have frequently -remarked, that the very earliest of their kind are frequently a few old -birds,--flocks of young, too, often contain a sprinkling of old female -birds,--such as may be supposed have made the journey before; but it -must be also borne in mind that on dark or even starlight nights, -when these movements mostly take place, any guidance, even that of -call-note, would be futile at any but a very limited range. - - - - -WEST COAST OF SCOTLAND. - - -Schedules, &c., were sent to forty stations, the same number as in -previous years. We have received filled-in schedules from thirteen -stations.[12] - -[Footnote 12: But the Isle of Man stations--five in number--have been -taken over by Mr. P. Kermode, as he is on the spot, and as they really -lie more into his district,] - -Generally the returns are light, lighter than last year. - -We have notes upon thirty-two species of land birds from this coast, -and about fourteen species of water-birds, whilst the species of Waders -or Littoral species may be placed at eight. - -The Spring Migration I have kept distinct in this report. Weather notes -included in General Remarks. - -Here follows the usual list of stations, with asterisks which point out -the annual returns from the beginning of the scheme, from each station. - -West Coast of Scotland. - - Mainland. - - 1879, '80, '81, '82. - * * * 81. Cape Wrath, Sutherland 400 ft. - * * * 82. Rhu Stoir, W. Cromarty 195 " - - Outer Hebrides. - - * * * * 83. Butt of Lewis 170 " Alex. Thompson - * * 84. Stornoway 56 " - * * * 85. Island Glass 130 " - * * * * 86. Monach Island { 150 " } J. Youngclause. - { 62 " } - * * 87. Ushenish 176 " - 88. Barra Head 683 " - - Mainland, Skye, and Inner Hebrides. - - 89. Rona, Sye 222 " - * * * 90. Kyleakin, Rosshire 53 " D. McCulloch. - * * 91. Isle Ornsay, Skye 58 ft. - * * 92. Ardnamurchan, Pt. Argyle 180 " - * * * * {93. Hynish Signal Tower, Tyree{150 " Alx. McEachern. - {94. Skerryvore, off Tyree { - * * * * 95. Dhuheartach, S. of Ross - of Mull 145 " John Ewing. - * * * * 96. Sound of Mull 55 " W. McLellan. - 97. Corran Ferry, Loch Eil 38 " - * * * 98. Lismore Island, Oban 103 " A. Murray. - * * 99. Fladda, Easdale 42 " - * * * 100. Rhuvaal, Islay 147 " - * * * 101. Mac Arthur's Head 128 " W. Maill. - * * * * 102. Skervuile, Jura 73 " John Ewing. - * * * * 103. Rhinns of Islay 159 " Andrew Lyall. - * * 104. Lochindaul 50 " - 105. Mull of Kintyre 297 " - 106. Sanda, Kintyre Sound 165 " - 107. Devaar, Kintyre 120 " - 108. Pladda, Arran 130 " - * 109. Lamlash, Arran 46 " - * * 110. Turnberry, Ayrshire 96 " - * * * 111. Corsewall, Wigtown 112 " - * * * * 112. Loch Ryan, Wigtown 46 " Ralph Ewing. - * * * * 113. Portpatrick, Wigtown 37 " Jas. Beggs. - * * * * 114. Mull of Galloway, Wigtown 325 " H. Morrison. - * 115. Little Ross, Kirkcudbright 175 " - 116. Point of Ayr } - 117. Douglas Head } - 118. Chickens Rock } Isle of Man. - 119.-1880. Bahama Rock L.V. } - 120. Longness L.V. } - -The last five stations are now placed at the head of the W. of England -stations under Mr. P. Kermode. We are sorry to find a falling off in -the returns this year and would have liked to know if any reason can be -assigned for the same. - -We have to thank Mr. McCulloch, at Kyleakin, for the careful records of -directions of flight of the species observed. These are important, and -a great assistance at arriving at conclusions. - -At Skervuile, owing to an accident to his hand, no notes were kept by -Mr. Ewing for some time between July and September, but fewer birds -were seen than for many years back. - -Turdidæ.--In autumn, at Monach, Kyleakin, Skerryvore, Dhuheartach, -Rhinns of Islay, Corsewall, Loch Ryan, Mull of Galloway. No records -at any stations till Oct. 11th, when three Fieldfares were killed at -Monach. An indication of a rush was apparent all through October after -that date of _Turdidæ_ and other species, more especially at Rhinns of -Islay. Latest records on Nov. 22nd, prior to which date many Blackbirds -and Thrushes frequented Corsewall for a week during a covering of snow; -therefore probably only a local movement. At Kyleakin Song Thrushes and -Blackbirds resided all winter up to January, 1883. In October no great -rush observable, but indications of the same migration observable on -the E. coast were noticed at Corsewall on the 14th, and at Dhuheartach -and Rhinns of Islay on 17th; and a few Blackbirds and Thrushes showed -at Skerryvore on 13th. Eight Song Thrushes were killed one night -also at MacArthur's Head, and a single male Blackbird was seen in -the garden at Monach on Nov. 1st. A rush of "small birds" took place -during October, but in no large masses, at MacArthur's Head and Rhinns -of Islay, and at Corsewall and southward. Three species of _Turdidæ_ -noticed. - -Saxicolinæ.--Spring records, as usual, are scanty; some five records at -five stations, _viz._, Butt of Lewis, Skerryvore, Rhuvaal, MacArthur's -Head and Mull of Galloway. Earliest, March 9th at Butt of Lewis; -latest, on May 17th at MacArthur's Head, mostly of single Wheatears. -In autumn, a few records of Wheatears from Skerryvore, Dhuheartach, -Rhuvaal, and Rhinns of Islay: the earliest, Aug. 17th at Dhuheartach; -latest, Oct. 16th; and an evident rush on Aug. 23rd at Rhinns of Islay, -and again on Sept. 10th at Skerryvore, where over 100 were seen on the -rocks. - -Silviinæ.--Of Robins one spring record at Skerryvore on April 9th, a -single bird resting; fair S.S.E. and haze. In autumn, at Kyleakin, -Skerryvore, Lismore, Skervuile and Little Ross. Earliest, a single -bird on Aug. 17th, at Skervuile; latest, two at Kyleakin (where, -however, Robins arrived on Nov. 15th, and remained all winter up to -close of schedule on Jan. 27th, 1883). An evident rush took place at -Butt of Lewis between Sept. 14th and 30th, with Wrens on the 26th, and -with Wagtails on the 28th, 29th, and 30th; in November, a few Robins, -accompanied by Wrens and Linnets, at Lismore on 11th; and in October -one Robin and one Wheatear, together, on 9th at Skerryvore. All the -records in August, September, and October accompanied by easterly -winds, the rush in September with N.E. - -Phylloscopinæ.--Of Golden-crested Wrens one spring record at Mull of -Galloway, on March 8th and 9th, when "great numbers" were round the -lantern at midnight; wind S.W., light, clear. In autumn, earliest, -Sept. 21st, at Corsewall, and 22nd and 25th at Loch Ryan; latest, and -rush at Corsewall and Mull of Galloway, on 15th and 16th, when "great -numbers" round lantern; strong E. and haze; straggling birds also, -8th and 9th, at same places. A significant record is on Oct. 10th, at -Rhinns of Islay, north of which station we have no records. On that -date eight Golden-crested Wrens struck and one was killed; wind light -S.E., haze. The similarity of dates of occurrence at Mull of Galloway -on W. coast and Isle of May on E. coast this year worthy of notice (see -General Remarks). - -Paridæ.--Of Titmice only two spring records, both at Mull of Galloway; -five killed at midnight, March 18th, and great numbers flying round -lantern on May 22nd; wind light E. Note approximation of dates on W. -and E. coasts (see General Remarks.) - -Troglodytinæ.--Of Wrens one spring record at Skerryvore; two flying -about rock on May 24th; wind light N.W., clear. In autumn one on Sept. -22nd, at Lismore. Latest, Nov. 11th, a few at Lismore, and a partial -rush on Oct. 8th, 9th and 11th, at Corsewall, and on Oct. 11th and 26th -at Lismore, the two latter accompanied by Starlings and Robins. - -Motacillidæ.--In autumn three Wagtails at Skerryvore, on Aug. 28th, -two--male and female--in a garden at Kyleakin, and a few on each day -at Lismore, on Oct. 28th, 29th, and 30th, with light N.E. winds. Of -Pipits, four struck and two were killed at Butt of Lewis, in strong -W. breeze, on March 17th; they were accompanied by Tree Sparrows. In -autumn, hundreds round the Little Ross on Sept. 6th, after 8 p.m., -for two hours; one killed at 12 noon, in light N. breeze, clear, -at Dhuheartach, on Oct. 28th. It is not often they are recorded as -killed in the daytime in clear weather. _Land Notes._--An unusual -number of Pied Wagtails--fifty or more in one flock--on Sept. 25th, in -Kirkcudbright (J. J. Armistead, Esq.); also two Motacilla flava seen on -Sept. 11th,--a very rare occurrence at Douglas Hall. - -Hirundinidæ.--Swallows: Spring records at Kyleakin, Skerryvore, -Dhuheartach, Lismore, Corsewall, and Loch Ryan. Seen first on April -12th at Corsewall, and April 15th at Loch Ryan, where fifteen Swallows -arrived with light N. wind and sleet. Latest records on June 15th at -Lismore, and 9th at Skerryvore; not seen at Dhuheartach till May 14th. -Other records at Lismore on 10th, a flock, and 13th, another flock. In -autumn, one Swallow rested on window of lighthouse at Dhuheartach, on -Aug. 11th, and a final movement was observed in September about the -14th and 15th, at Loch Ryan and Mull of Galloway, besides a few other -records at earlier dates. _Land Notes._--Swallow first seen at Douglas -Hall, Dumfriesshire on 7th. Mr. Howard Saunders, residing at St. Jean -de Luz, in the Basses Pyrénées, saw the first Swallow on March 25th, -along with many Wheatears and Redstarts. Woodcocks had passed but in -small numbers, and only two were seen in the market. - -Fringillidæ.--Tree Sparrows seen at Butt of Lewis on Feb. 20th, when -four struck and two were killed; strong E. wind and haze. Again six -were seen at same place and two killed on March 20th; and again six -at the same place and one killed, on April 8th. House Sparrows are -recorded on May 27th, at Skerryvore, flying about; and at MacArthur's -Head--a number all day--on May 8th. House Sparrows were also seen at -Butt of Lewis on Feb. 25th, with strong S.W. breeze, haze, and rain. -In autumn, House Sparrows, a large flock at Lismore on Oct. 24th; -"Finches" on Oct. 10th, at Sound of Mull; Linnets, a rush about 7th -and 11th at Lismore, with a few earlier records; and on Dec. 29th, at -Monach, where all left on the 20th. Some of these records probably -apply to Grey Linnets, and the Monach one likely to Twites or "Mountain -Linnets." Four, possibly five, species. _Land Notes._--Four Siskins -seen on sand-hills on Solway Firth, on a patch of thistles; gone next -morning, Oct. 17th (J. J. Armistead.) Mr. Scot Skirving, of Edinburgh, -mentions, in lit., that the Chaffinch, was the most common of small -birds in Islay prior to the terrible winter of 1878, but after that -very rare indeed, until on Oct 22nd, 1880, a flock of some thousands -appeared, and since then they have again been fairly abundant. - -Emberizidæ.--Two Snow Buntings were seen at Butt of Lewis on March -21st. Autumn records: Snow Bunting Oct. 15th at Kyleakin, to Dec. 12th -at Butt of Lewis. No rush apparent and records scanty; three or four -in all in October and November. One Yellow Bunting on Oct. 15th, at -Kyleakin. Two or three records at Dhuheartach also in October, November -and December. - -Alaudidæ.--In end of migration of 1881-82, under date Jan. 12th, -16th, 1882, and 18th, large parties of Larks are recorded at Lismore; -wind light S. No more records till autumn, 1882. On Sept. 27th, at -Corsewall, one on lantern. Latest date, Dec. 27th, at Skerryvore, two -found dead; light S.S.W. and clear. Records of direction of flight -usually S.E., but these records are, as are too often the case, too -meagre to assist us. Direction of flight is earnestly asked for. A rush -distinguishable at Rhinns of Islay on Oct. 8th and 12th. Two Larks -remained all night on lantern at Dhuheartach, on Jan. 2nd, 1883. - -Sturnidæ.--Starling: in spring a large flock on March 11th at Butt of -Lewis, but they are resident here, and rarely come to the light; two -were killed here, however, on June 7th. A record at Mac Arthur's Head; -great scarcity of records of Starlings. A few autumn records only; -numbers feeding for days at Rhinns of Islay, end of August. A rush -apparently took place at Mac Arthur's Head, along with many "small -birds," between first week of October and 31st. Records scattered -through November, December, and January (1883). - -Corvidæ.--"Black Crows" (probably Rooks?) which are seldom seen at -Skerryvore, showed in March, when three were seen one day, and one -rested on May 29th, and a "Grey Crow" on 16th. In autumn, "Black -Crows," a large flock during snow, seen flying E. at Portpatrick on -Dec. 14th. One Hooded Crow on 26th at Monach, flying S.W. One Raven -at Kyleakin on 5th, flying S., light N.E. wind; and one Magpie ("very -rare" at Kyleakin) on Jan. 7th, 1883, flying S.E. One Jackdaw rested on -the rock on Feb. 11th (1883), and on the 19th two "Black Crows "were -seen flying in an easterly direction; wind S.W., fresh and clear. - -Cuculidæ.--Records of arrivals of Cuckoos in spring are as follows:-- - - Mull of Galloway April 30th. Variable, light airs. - Loch Ryan May 5th. Strong N.W. - Corsewall " 5th. Strong N.W. - Skervuile " 19th. Light E., clear. - MacArthur's Head " 10th. Light E. airs. - Lismore " 15th. Light E. airs. - Kyleakin " 3rd. ? ? - -_Land Notes._-- - - Kinharvie, near Dumfries May 3rd (_auct._ J. J. Armistead, Esq.). - Douglas Hall May 4th " " - -If a series of records could be obtained like the above from the E. -coast stations, a comparison might be useful. - -Strigidæ.--One record of Owl only. One "Owl" at Mull of Galloway; -strong E. breeze. - -Falconidæ.--No actual migration of Hawks discernible from the records. -Visit Dhuheartach daily through the season, and seen at other stations -occasionally. One Falcon at Kyleakin seen flying S.; light E., rain -and sleet. Land Notes.--On Sept. 27th a Buzzard seen at Douglas Hall -(probably a migrant); and on Nov. 1st a pair of Buzzards seen (J. J. -Armistead, Esq.) - -Pelecanidæ.--Movements of Gannets are noted at Lismore; two seen on -May 24th, and at Mull of Galloway on 21st--large flock flying west, -light E. breeze; and on 22nd about eighty also flying W., with strong -S. wind, clear. In July, great flights flying S. all day at Loch Ryan, -on the 8th, and two seen at Skervuile. Great flights in August at -Loch Ryan, flying N., wind N.N.W., strong; Sept. 29th and 30th, at -Skervuile, flying S. At Butt of Lewis, daily, from March 15th till -Sept. 15th. "Daily, all the year round," at Kyleakin. Solan Geese had -all disappeared from the vicinity of Dhuheartach by Nov. 14th, and they -reappeared there again on Jan. 25th (1883), and other records are up to -Feb. 6th (1883.) - -Ardeidæ.--Only one record given at Portpatrick, Nov. 6th, N.W. gale, -flying N.; but there can be no doubt of the greater frequency of their -visits all through the season. - -Anatidæ.--Wild Geese at Butt of Lewis, April 24th, when forty seen -flying S.W., and on 29th fourteen seen flying S.E.; wind on both days -fresh S. and rain. In August, at Monach, two flying N.W., strong N. -wind; on 30th and on 27th, two flying S., at Rhinns of Islay, light -E. In October, various flocks of sixteen, eighteen, twenty-four, &c., -with general E. winds, coming and going in different directions at -Monach, mostly flying N.W., and at Kyleakin, but flying S.W. on Oct. -12th. Also in November, between 3rd and 6th, at Rhinns of Islay and -Loch Ryan, small parties flying S., with different winds A few records -in December also, at Monach. Records of Eider Ducks on Sept. 22nd and -27th, at Dhuheartach, males and females in equal proportions; eighteen -and twenty-four Eiders at Dhuheartach on Dec. 3rd and 10th, males -and females. A few "Pintail Ducks" (?) at Monach on Nov. 13th, and -one female shot. Swan: four at Corsewall, flying N.E., on Sept 27th, -fresh S.E. _Land Notes._--Black Scoters abundantly. Velvet Scoters -sparingly, but Scaup Ducks rarely seen on Solway Firth during June and -July. Common Scoter abundant in August; several Velvet Scoters seen. -Sept. 23rd, about fifty Wild Geese, finally flew away over sea to -S.S.E.; Oct. 1st, five Geese flew over Douglas Hall; 2nd, more seen; -twenty-four Geese seen on Oct, 14th (J. J. Armistead). - -Rallidæ.--Corncrake at Rhinns of Islay, first seen on May 19th; at -Dhuheartach one seen on the rock on May 8th (never seen before here by -Mr. Ewing); and at Kyleakin one heard on May 31st. Directions of wind -not given. - -Charadriadæ.--At Rhuvaal, three to four dozen young and old Golden -Plovers on Oct. 6th, and a few seen at Monach on Nov. 13th, and a good -many scattered over the islands at Monach on Dec. 14th. Lapwings are -also mentioned once or twice. - -Scolopacidæ, Woodcock.--The rush barely indicated at Monach (odd bird) -Oct. 11th; Lismore (two killed), Oct. 8th; and one bird at Sound of -Mull, Nov. 5th. Snipe also very slight movement, principally at Rhinns -of Islay. Of Curlew, many records from Aug. 12th to Dec. 16th. Rush -appears, if any took place, to have been in September. Whimbrels are -reported "very scarce," only two records on July 21st, and on Aug. -15th, at Skerryvore. There are also a few spring records of Curlews, -from February to June. _Land Notes._--Aug. 8th, saw two Greenshanks -on Solway (J. J. Armistead, Esq.) It appears possible that this -bird breeds not far from the Solway, from other information I have -gained.--J. A. H. B. Four Turnstones seen Aug. 31st, Solway (_auct. -cit._); also two hundred Bar-tailed Godwits and thirty or forty Golden -Plovers. No Knots yet. - -Laridæ.--Terns arrived at Rhinns of Islay on May 16th; at Dhuheartach -on May 12th; on Monach Islands, May 15th. They were last seen at -Skervuile on Sept. 6th. They leave Butt of Lewis about Aug. 12th. -They passed Lismore at night, striking lantern, on Aug. 13th, and on -14th more, accompanied by Larks. Of Gulls, "Boatswain Birds" were -seen on June 21st, at MacArthur's Head, and there are records of them -at Skervuile, along with Kittiwakes and Black-headed Gulls, from -May 1st to 9th. Two "Dirty Allans" amongst a large flock of Gulls, -at Butt of Lewis on July 10th; Iceland Gull, flying south, on Oct. -11th at Kyleakin; and great numbers of Kittiwakes at Skervuile, on -Oct. 3nd and 22nd. _Land Notes._--Common Terns at nesting haunts -in Kirkcudbrightshire, but no eggs laid by May 17th (_auct._ J. J. -Armistead, Esq.) By Aug. 12th Terns had left their nesting-ground -(_auct. cit._) - -Colymbidæ.--Great Northern Diver seen at Kyleakin, near the lighthouse, -on May 10th, light E. wind; again on June 19th, light W. wind. In -autumn, at Monach, four seen, light S.E. wind, rain, and fog; two -flying S. at Corsewall on Nov. 21st, and two, resting, on 22nd; two -flying "towards N. Uist" (_i.e._ N.E.), at Monach, on Dec. 15th, and -one flying east at Corsewall on Dec. 16th. - - -General Remarks. - -A vast migration took place this year upon our E. coast, the heaviest -waves breaking upon the entrance to the Firth of Forth, at the Isle of -May station, and again at Pentland Skerries. Bell Rock came in also -for a share, though apparently, from the schedules, a much smaller one -than at the Isle of May. The easterly winds prevailed all along our E. -coast, generally strong to gales, and the successions of south-easterly -and easterly gales in October, between the 8th and 23rd, occurring as -they did, just at the usual time of the principal migration, brought -vast numbers of land-birds to our shores. From Faroe in the north to -the extreme south of England this is found to have been the case, but -the usual blank on our Scottish coast occurs, over a large extent of -shore-line, from Dunnet Head, in Caithness, all the way to Bell Rock. -From all this great stretch of coast, embracing no less than ten -lighthouse stations, I have only two schedules returned. These two -schedules respectively are from Cromarty, a closely landlocked station, -and the other from Chanonry, a still more completely landlocked -station,--both absolutely sheltered, as it were, from the track of the -great S.E. and easterly gales; I may therefore say that I have not a -single statistic of direct value, between Dunnet Head and Bell Rock, -as regards the general migration. My thanks are none the less due, -however, to Mr. Ritson, of Cromarty, and to Mr. McGill, of Chanonry, as -their notes will, without doubt, prove of value if continued, and will -assist us in arriving at conclusions regarding more local movements of -birds, dependent upon food and shelter, which may prove none the less -interesting because of their connection with landlocked positions. -The absence of returns from this great stretch of coast-line is much -to be deplored, and at present I am perfectly unable to state whether -it is due entirely to absence of birds at all these stations every -season, which, however, I can hardly think is the case, or if it is -lack of interest at some of these stations. If the latter, we can only -say we regret that we have failed to arouse sufficient interest in -our subject. I cannot pass over this without the one further remark, -that if the lighthouse-keepers at these stations would only return the -schedules, with even a _negative_ statement, _every year_, it would -facilitate our work. _The absolute knowledge, that year after year no -birds are seen at these stations would be as valuable to us as positive -data._ By a chance visit to Buchan Ness--one of these stations--on the -Aberdeenshire coast, I learned that a Manx Shearwater was once captured -at the lights, and saw the specimen, and thus it was added to the -Aberdeenshire fauna, besides being an extremely rare visitant to any -portion of the E. coast. Had this been returned in a schedule, I would -have been doubly grateful for dates and circumstances of the occurrence -at the time. While I am on the subject of addressing our reporters _let -me once more earnestly request them, in every case where possible, -to state the directions in which migratory flocks of birds are seen -flying. This would greatly facilitate our deductions from year to year; -and especially would I ask attention to this at all the more northerly -stations, and all the west coast stations_. - -Perhaps not the least remarkable migration was that of _Regulus -cristatus_ (the Golden-crested Wren), extending in one broad wave from -Faroe southward along the whole coast, coming with S. to S.E. to E. -winds, reaching the Scottish stations by Aug. 27th, and continuing to -November 12th, but apparently not reaching Faroe till Oct. 21st, when -a great rush took place. It is worthy of remark also that they were -unusually abundant at Isle of May in spring, a rush taking place in -March, and of females on March 10th. The stream in autumn, on the -Scotch coasts, lasted from 8th to 23rd, but did not begin in Faroe till -20th or 21st. A vast general rush of many other species reached our -coasts also between Oct. 8th and 23rd. The great waves of _Turdidæ_ -scarcely seem to have reached Faroe, as we have only a few records of -them thence in December, and the same remark may be held to apply to -many other species mentioned. - -It is also important to note, that while so abundant at the outlying -station of Isle of May and Bell Rock on the E. coast, there should have -been an almost complete absence of any of these species at the next -station, a little higher up the Firth of Forth, _viz._, at Inch Keith; -and to record that it appears to be always with westerly winds that -birds occur there. While there were hundreds of records at Isle of May, -there were none with the same winds at Inch Keith, and only about ten -records in all. Its somewhat landlocked position accounts for this, and -its being sheltered from the S.E. winds places it on a similar footing -with Chanonry and Cromarty, in the Moray Firth. Weather.--Upon our E. -coasts, easterly and south-easterly winds prevailed throughout the -greater part of the migratory seasons, both in spring and autumn, and -reached forces of from fresh to gales. On the W. coast the wind was for -the most part westerly and north westerly, rarely S. during spring, at -the greater part of the stations, and was easterly and south-easterly -in autumn, seldom reaching fresh or strong, or gales, as on the E. -coast, usually light, or from light E. or S.E. to variable. The above -facts will be considered, whilst we state next the distribution of the -migratory waves on the W. coast, in relation to those on the E. coast. -As in 1881, records on the W. coast begin to bulk more largely towards -the southern stations. All north of Rhinns of Islay and MacArthur's -Head the records of land-birds are very scanty, and the lighthouse -keepers remark upon the scarcity. At usually (normally) crowded -stations, such as Skervuile, they are reported as yielding "fewer birds -than for many years back." Even at Rhinns of Islay the records are not -large, but they begin to show an increase at this point. Unfortunately -I have no autumn returns between Rhinns of Islay and Corsewall, which -latter is south of the Firth of Clyde. - -Now, if anything additional to the general bulk of the records is -required to show the line of migration of 1882, it is the significant -record of the Golden-crested Wren at Rhinns of Islay on Oct. 10th, and -at Corsewall and stations to the south, but nowhere to the north of the -former station. Now, it seems that the strong easterly to S.E. gales on -our E. coast, which brought over such streams (rather than rushes) of -birds,--such countless thousands,--did not carry them forward across -the breadth of Scotland to any appreciable extent, but that the birds, -tired and storm-tossed, rapidly sought rest and shelter on arrival; and -that we have only on the W. coast indications that such a great stream -broke upon the E. coast. These indications, however, are strong enough -to enable us to mark out, with some degree of certainty, the lines and -turning-points of the stream. - -If we do this, by comparing the records of the various schedules, we -find that, south of the Firth of Clyde, the records bulk most largely; -and we also find that the dates agree with those of the E. coast. - -MacArthur's Head and Rhinns of Islay appear to me, from the bulking -of records, similarity of dates, continuance of light E. winds, and -species occurring, to represent the turning-point of the autumn -migration from E. to W. Rhinns of Islay is a salient angle, catching -glimpses of passing birds from N.W. to S.E. Otherwise, if the strong -gales did not cause all birds to drop for shelter on Scotland, it -must have carried many far out over the Atlantic, as in 1880. Isle of -May sends in 19 schedules, and Pentland Skerries 8. Bell Rock sends -2--thickly filled--and North Ronaldshay 3, but bulking less than Bell -Rock. What has become of the many birds passing through the Pentland -Firth? We find little indication of them at the nine northerly W. -coast stations. Have many overshot the land and passed out over the -Atlantic? - -Another point worth noting, is the occurrence of many birds in spring -at the same stations frequented by the species in autumn. Thus, at Mull -of Galloway on March 8th and 9th, with westerly winds. Goldcrests were -abundant, and at the same station on Oct. 15th and 16th, an autumn-rush -took place, with easterly and N.E. wind and haze. The same double -records occur at Bell Rock and Isle of May as regards many species, and -especially _Turdidæ_ and _Regulus cristatus_. This "returning" upon old -lines has already been remarked upon by my colleague, Mr. J. Cordeaux, -in our Third Report (p. 38). Since these last sentences were written, -I have received the first of the 1883 schedules from the Isle of May, -and may here state what the effects of the succession of N.E. gales in -March have been on the spring migration, leaving however the details -of Mr. Agnew's schedules to be worked into our next--1883--Report. I -give this in Mr. Agnew's own words, as I entirely coincide with the -opinions expressed. Mr. Agnew writes on the back of the schedule as -follows:--"With reference to your note on the schedules sent, as to the -effect of the N.E. gale of March 6th, 7th, and 8th, 1883, you will see -from the entries inside that the effect of that gale was almost to stop -migration at the Isle of May. Migration that had set in pretty briskly -on the 2nd almost ceased on the 5th, and from that date we had only a -few stragglers of the strongest wings, up to the 19th. I believe the -effect of that gale was to drive the birds that should have come this -way, away to the southward. Had the gale been from the S.E. it would -have been different here." - -In fact, a N.E. wind reaching such strengths as those of March 1883 -did, acts very much in the same way upon spring migrants, pressing them -more to the southward, as north-westerly strong winds and gales act -upon the autumn migrants, whose normal course is from E. to W., or S. -of E. to N. of W. It will be interesting to trace this further from the -schedules returned from other stations, when they come in for 1883. -Another point to note in spring migration of 1883, will be the greater -westering of the return migrants, if we may use the expression, partly -consequent upon the greater westering of the autumn migrants, caused -by the long-continued and strong south-easterly winds of the preceding -autumn, and partly upon the north-easterly winds of March pressing them -down and deflecting their course to more inland and sheltered lines. - -In this connection I would speak here of the great assembly of the -Pied Wagtails on the narrow stone horizontal moulding above the upper -windows of the General Post Office, Edinburgh, where, upon March 17th, -1883, A. B. H., who recorded the facts in the 'Scotsman' of that -date, counted more than sixty; and he adds, in a subsequent letter -to me, "there was at least one in every niche of the carved capitols -of the columns. I think I am quite within the mark when I say there -were 150 birds altogether." This flock roosted there on March 17th -and 18th, but disappeared on the 19th, owing, Mr. H. thinks, to a -rise of temperature and the wind going round from N.E. to S.E. Mr. H. -was informed that numbers, probably the same birds, were seen feeding -at Duddingstone Loch on the 18th. Now, several years ago, a similar -assemblage was noted at the same locality, by a well-known Edinburgh -ornithologist, but it occurred, not in spring but in autumn, and a -general movement was at that time also noted by Mr. H., and recorded -in the Proc. Ryl. Phyl. Soc. of Edinburgh, on Jan. 15th, 1879, from -which last noted records of autumnal migration it would appear that he -saw about seventy Pied Wagtails on the roof a house in Edinburgh, in -the middle of September, 1878, and Mr. Scot Skirving, of Edinburgh, -on a previous occasion, saw some 300 at the General Post Office, but -the exact date of this latter record has unfortunately been lost or -mislaid, as we are unable, of course, to find out definitely the -meteorological phenomena accompanying the record. - -Further, my friend Mr. Eagle Clarke, notes the arrival of the same -species in the neighbourhood of the Ure River, near Masham, Yorkshire, -as early as Feb. 5th, 1883. Though resident in the lowlands about -Leeds, it is migratory to and from the higher lands. Mr. Eagle Clarke -has often seen as many as 200 in a flock, on a large lawn near Leeds. - -Mr. Agnew informs me, that with a S. wind there is little migration -past the Isle of May, and that S.E. is the best wind in spring to -permit of observations being made. Five Wagtails were seen at Isle of -May on the 29th and 30th, however, during a gale from the S. - -The Spring Migration of 1883 seems to me to indicate the direct effects -of the N.E. gale, causing these Wagtails to keep inland by a more -sheltered route, which Wagtails in ordinary weather would probably -have passed up the coast-line and crossed the entrance of the Firth of -Forth, showing themselves at Isle of May and Bell Rock stations. Mr. -Robert Gray has, I believe, frequently observed the spring arrivals of -this species on the west coast--in Ayrshire; and it will be interesting -to see if we can trace the movement up the west coast, _on the -returning lines_, when schedules are returned for 1883, from Mull of -Galloway and other west coast stations. - -I have dwelt upon these facts because I believe that our appreciation -of the general lines and of the laws regulating the great annual -migrations can be very greatly assisted by the study of individual -species on their migration, and good opportunities are in this report -afforded us of doing so by the records of several species. One more -remark:--It seems also worthy of note that very possibly these Wagtails -were finding their way _across_ Scotland from the Solway or the Clyde, -and, resting on the General Post Office buildings, repaired _south_ -for daily food--as I have noticed birds do during the spring migration -on the Petchora, at Ust Zylma, and Habarika, in N. E. Russia; and -on the advent of a more favourable temperature and change of wind, -pursued their course northward. If these are correctly recorded as -Pied Wagtails,--as there is no reason to suppose is not so,--then -their destination would be the North of Scotland; but if they were the -White Wagtail or continental form, then, as far as general records -of migration guide us, they would probably _shoot off_ again at Isle -of May or Bell Rock--towards the Continent. Mr. Agnew's note of -"very white Wagtails" at Isle of May should be borne in mind in this -connection (_antea_, p. 12). - -That a line of migration does occur across Scotland both in spring and -autumn between Forth and Clyde, I think, needs little demonstration -beyond what we have already stated in previous reports; both from data -and by referring to General Remarks this seems perfectly obvious. The -evidences of the sea having at one time advanced inland a long distance -past the very spot in which I now live can scarcely be gainsaid; and -Forth and Clyde--by two separate branches--must at one time have -approached one another very much more closely than they now do, and -a comparatively narrow isthmus have been formed by at least one of -these two branches. As already remarked, it is curious to find rare -American and rare eastern species occurring so frequently at localities -on that line; witness as the latest record of importance that of the -Pectoral Sandpiper, _Tringa maculata_, Vieillot, at Loch Lomond, after -continuous and scarcely failing easterly winds, on Nov. 24th, 1882. - -Sir Geo. Leith Buchanan informs me that he believes that the wind was -north-west at the time he shot the Pectoral Sandpiper, but this was -local, as prevailing winds were easterly at that time. Sir George also -tells me of the other birds of rare occurrence which he has met with at -the same locality, but no notes at the time were taken of wind. These -are as follows:-- - -"Buonapartian Gull, in April 1851 or 1852. Black-tailed Godwit, -April, about same date. Shoveller found breeding, and two since shot -by keeper. Two Wood Sandpipers, one in August and the other on Oct. -4th. One Little Stint in October, seen in company with two others. -The Spotted Crake must breed, as every autumn I meet with them when -Snipe-shooting. The Shrike I obtained once in December, 1866, and I -saw another two or three winters since." I think if we thus endeavour -to group together rare occurrences, and collect lists from various -localities, we cannot fail to arrive at some conclusions regarding -the highways of migration. We are thus working from data up to facts, -without an undue amount of theorising. - -It is well known to naturalists that Swallows cross the Alps by certain -passes, as is also done by other species, regularly year after year. -People have often marvelled at the punctuality of appearance of the -Swallow and other species at certain favourite resorts. There is -nothing marvellous in it. When the great general movement takes place, -and the flights of birds pass over old frequented and well-known -spots, these are recognised and promptly occupied by the hereditary -occupants, or, if found unoccupied by later migrants, they are then -filled up. This remark applies both in spring and autumn. In a former -Report I have instanced the arrivals of Wood Pigeons on the Fife coast, -and I have also instanced breeding-sites of birds occupied for many -years, unoccupied for two or more years, and then reoccupied again. -I am informed by Mr. A. B. Herbert that some of the favourite alpine -passes for the annual migration of birds are the Albula and Bermina -Passes into the Adda Valley and Lake Como, returning the same way in -spring. If this regularity occurs during the passage of the bulk of -migratory birds, I think there are good reasons for believing that a -similar regularity appears in the distribution along certain lines -of rare visitants, even if travelled all the way from America or the -Asiatic steppes and tundras. No doubt they get into the groove--so to -speak--and carry on in company with the main flocks of other species, -joining issue with them along the great highways of migration, which -I think have been well pointed out in many cases by Palmén and Herr -Weissmann. Though the article by the latter has been abundantly -criticised and even pooh-poohed, I venture to record my firm belief -that there is more in it than appeared on the surface, and that the -more we know of migration the more fully will his theory be borne out. - -It is known to naturalists that some species which are known to breed -in the highest northern latitudes travel on migration to the furthest -southern localities. Let us instance the Knot (_Tringa canuta_). -Temperature has to do with this directly. What a vast breeding-ground -of this species, as yet undiscovered, must there be somewhere in the -far north if we witness the great streams on their annual migration -along our coasts. In spring they travel on and on towards the north -until they find a temperature cool enough for the successful hatching -and rearing of their young, reaching their far off summer quarters even -before insect-life has begun to show itself, after the long Arctic -winter; and, with the strength and vigour of a far northern-bred -species, they adapt themselves to the only food existing--the fronds -of lichen laid bare by the first melting of the snow. The hardiness -of the race, bred thus on the shores of the Arctic seas, induces the -vigour and "fitness" which enables them to travel so far again to the -southward in autumn and winter; and it is the annual overflow of their -vast numbers, pressing behind those in the van, which--as it were--adds -impulse to the ability, and carries them forward. They press forward in -autumn to fresh feeding-grounds as those behind are taken up by others -succeeding them. - - * * * * * - -The Report for the West Coast of England, although frequently applied -for by the Secretary, has up to this date not been received. - -_August 26th, 1883._ - - * * * * * - - - - -IRISH COAST. - - -In the spring of 1882 forty schedules were forwarded to the -light-keepers, and in the autumn forty-one. Thirty-one stations -returned answers in the spring, and thirty-two in the autumn. - -The same stations were selected as in the autumn of 1881, with the -exception of Dursey Island, which was substituted for the Calf Rock; -and Dungarvan, which was added in the autumn of 1882. - -Some improvement in filling the schedules is apparent. A few errors in -the identification of species probably have been made, but no blame is -attached to the light-keepers, who gratuitously observe for us to the -best of their ability. - -In accordance with a desire expressed by the other members of the -Committee, and for the sake of uniformity, the observations have been -arranged under each species instead of under the day of the month, -and the light-stations are arranged geographically, beginning at the -Fastnet, in Cork, and going round by the east and north to the west -coast. The entries in the spring schedules are placed first under each -species. - -The severe frost which visited these islands for about ten days, -beginning on December 6th, caused a local migration of many land-birds -to the sea-coast, and several entries occur in the schedules at this -time. - -The weather observations taken by the light-keepers, when of an -ordinary character, have been sometimes omitted; but with scarcely an -exception every entry in the schedules, which refers to the occurrence -of a particular species on a given date, is recorded. - -The name given by the light-keepers to the birds is always adopted, and -generally without comment; but occasionally inverted commas are used -when it appears advantageous to insert them. - -Looking through the records, and comparing them with reports from -the English coast and elsewhere, it is evident that Ireland lies -comparatively out of the track of migrants, and its western stations -are especially poor. - -The Tuskar Rock, on the Wexford coast, is certainly the best station. -Large numbers of migrants strike the lantern there, and many are -killed. Being the nearest land to the Welsh coast, and the extreme -south-eastern point of Ireland, the Tuskar is well situated for -observation. - -A Snowy Owl was shot on the Island of Innishtrahull, off the coast -of Donegal, and forwarded by the light-keeper there to the Museum of -Science and Art, Keldare Street, Dublin. - -Observations on Gulls and Gannets are numerous, and it is difficult -to estimate their value, as some light-keepers have given them much -attention, while others have scarcely noticed these species owing to -their frequent occurrence. - -The presence of the Gannet all round the coast during the breeding -season would seem to show that a large proportion do not breed. -The little Skellig Rock, off the Kerry coast, is the only Irish -breeding-place of the Gannet; and when visited in 1880, by Mr. -Barrington, there were scarcely thirty pairs breeding. - -In the returns many entries occur which probably do not refer to -migrating birds, but it has been thought prudent not to omit any from -the printed report. - -It is remarked by some light-keepers that more birds strike fixed than -revolving or flash lights. - -Attention is called to the great scarcity of Starlings in 1882 in -several schedules. - -Conclusions are premature for a year or two, and it is as well to let -the observations of the light-keepers speak for themselves. - -Great results are not anticipated from this enquiry, but few -satisfactory ones will be forthcoming unless it be continued; it is -therefore essential that the light-keepers should assist us for some -years longer, and we trust they will do so. - -To Captain Boxer, R.N., Inspector of Irish Lights, we are again -indebted for friendly aid; as well as to the Commissioners of Irish -Lights, who were good enough to take forty copies of last year's -report, and distribute them to the various observers. - - Alexander G. More. - Richard M. Barrington. - - -List of Light-stations. - - Miles - from - Sp. Au. shore. Names of Observers. - - 1. Fastnet, Co. Cork o o 8 - 2. Galley Head, do. x x - John Whelan. - 3. Old Head, Kinsale, do. x x - George Dunleavy and - Martin Kennedy. - 4. Mine Head, Waterford x o - Joseph Hammond. - 5. Dungarvan, do. - x - Wm. Higginbotham. - 5. Coningbeg Lt.-ship, Wexford x x 10 Patrick Cullen. - 6. Barrels Rock Lt.-ship, do. o x 4 Michael Doyle. - 7. Tuskar, do. x x 7 Richard Hamilton. - 8. Arklow S. Lt.-ship, Wicklow x o 7 William O'Shea. - 9. Wicklow Head o o - - 10. Kish Bank Lt.-ship, Dublin x x 7 William Daly. - 11. Howth Baily, do. o x - William Dunne and - James Higginbotham. - 12. Rockabill, do. o x 5 Joseph Hammond. - 13. Copeland Island, Down x x 3 John Walsh. - 14. Maidens, Antrim x x 5 Patrick Keenan. - 15. Rathlin, do. x x 6 John A. Murray. - 16. Innishtrahull, Donegal x x - W. H. James. - 17. Dunree Head, do. x x - John Stapleton. - 18. Lough Swilly, do. x x - Henry Redmond. - 19. Tory Island, do. o x 9 Thomas Sweeny. - 20. Arranmore, do. x x 5 Henry Williams. - 21. Rathlin O'Birne, do. o x 2 Joseph Hill. - 22. Killybegs, do. o x - Daniel Hawkins. - 23. Oyster Island, N. Sligo x x 1 John Young. - 24. Broadhaven, Mayo x x - Joseph Williams and - Michael Duffy. - 25. Eagle Island, E., do. x o 2 Robert W. Redmond. - 26. Eagle Island, W., do. x x 2 Matthew Healy. - 27. Blackrock, do x o 9 Martin Kennedy. - 28. Blacksod Point, do. x o - J. Williams. - 29. Clare Island, do. x x 4 J. Reilly and G. H. - Brownell. - 30. Slyne Head, N., Galway x x 3 John Gillan and Robert - Tyrrell. - 31. Slyne Head, S., do. x o - William Callaghan. - 32. Arran Island, N., do. x x 9 John Kelly. - 33. Straw Island, do. x x 9 Charles Boyle. - 34. Straw Island, S., do. o x 6 John O'Donnell. - 35. Loop Head, Clare o o - - 36. Samphire Island, Kerry x x ½ Michael O'Donnell and - J. Williams. - 37. Tearaght, do. x x 9 Edward McCarron. - 38. Valentia, do. x x - Thomas McKenna and - Joseph Williams. - 39. Skelligs, do. x x 9 Henry Gardiner. - 40. Dursey Island, Cork x x ½ James Keenan. - -Abbreviations - - Sp. = Spring; Au. = Autumn; o = No reply; x = Schedule returned partly or - wholly filled. - - -General Remarks of Light-Keepers. - -_Galley Head._--"Spring: There is a total absence of land-birds at -this station. Autumn: Sea-birds passing are, I may say, the only birds -to be seen. The Curlew and 'Small Black Crow' are here all the year -round."--John Whelan. - -_Old Head, Kinsale._--"Spring: No migration of birds observed this -spring."--George Dunleavy. - -_Dungarvan._--"Autumn: With very rare exceptions no birds strike this -lantern."--William Higginbotham. - -_Coningbeg Light-ship._--"Autumn: Very few birds killed against lantern -since the light was changed from steady to flash light."--Patrick -Cullen. - -_Barrels Rock Light-ship._--"Autumn: This is a very quick red -light, flashing 30"; no birds ever struck the lantern. I believe the -quick revolution frightens them away, as in fog and thick weather no -birds ever stay about the light like the ships that have the bright -light."--Michael Doyle. - -_Tuskar Rock._--"Spring: Not many birds this spring: a good deal more -last year. Autumn: The 'Black Diver' leaves about May 1st, and returns -in October."--Richard Hamilton. - -_Kish Bank Light-ship._--"Autumn: Very few birds pass this station. -Birds seldom strike our lantern, as it is a revolving light. September -and October are the chief months for the migration of birds from the -Welsh coast."--William Daly. - -_Howth Baily._--"Autumn: Sea Gulls and Cormorants all through the -winter. Puffins disappeared about middle of December."--William Dunne. - -_Copeland Island._--"Autumn: Large numbers of birds resort to this -island and Mew Island during the winter months, and generally leave -early in March. The species seen daily are as follows:--Oystercatchers, -about 50; Wild Duck, 10 to 40; Sandpipers, 20; Cormorants, 8 to 10; -Starlings, 20 to 40; Blackbirds, 4 to 6; 'Grey' Plover, 2 to 20; -Curlew, 10 to 100 in each flock."--John Walsh. - -_South Maidens._--"I saw no birds strike the lantern since I came to -this station."--Patrick Keenan. - -_Rathlin._--"Spring: The Ducks are breeding on every little pond and -moss on the island; the 'Shell Duck' breeds here. Any amount of -sea-birds. Jan. 14th, 1883, the species of birds remaining on the -island at this date are:--'Large Gulls, Sparrows, Linnets, Stonechats, -Black Crows, White-backed Crows, Golden Plover, Green Plover, Bald -Coot, Curlew, Wild Duck, Snipe, Redshank or Sandpiper, Starling (they -have been scarce), Blackbirds, Thrushes, Cormorants, Water Wagtails, -one Snow Bunting (very few this season).'"--John A. Murray. - -_Dunree Head._--"Autumn: Cormorants are here all the year round; -they build their nest under the lighthouse. They go up the Lough -every morning, and return in the evening. No birds strike this light. -Land-birds are very scarce."--John Stapleton. - -_Lough Swilly._--"Autumn: Birds seldom strike this lantern. Barnacle -Duck and Widgeon frequent the head of Lough Swilly from about Oct. 1st -to end of March."--Henry Redmond. - -_Arranmore._--"Spring: The birds that breed on this island are -'Stonechats,' 'Gulls,' 'Puffins,' 'Ravens,' 'Goldfinches,' 'Hawks,' and -'Red-legged Jackdaws' (Choughs). Autumn: This station seems out of the -line of passing birds."--Henry Williams. - -_Killybegs._--"Autumn: The number of birds striking the lantern has -been very few since 1879; only the two named in the schedule (Woodcock) -have struck up to the present. The frost and snow of 1879 made great -havoc among Thrushes, Blackbirds, Starlings, and Fieldfares. I saw no -Starlings since 1881, which is very unusual. In the spring of 1882 -I saw two very fine specimens of the Northern Diver; they remained -until late in summer. Puffins arrive in large numbers early in July, -and usually leave _en masse_ towards the middle of August. Cormorants -muster pretty strongly in the autumn months. Several Grey Gulls and -four or five Black-headed remained here during the present winter. I -observed one Gull a few days ago of a dirty white or creamy colour, no -feathers of any other colour being visible. The Sea Swallow, or 'Pirr -Gull,' used to visit us in thousands formerly; but since the autumn of -1878 not one has been seen here. When stationed at the mouth of the -Boyne, in 1876, a few of these birds used to breed there, laying their -eggs on the top of little sandy hillocks."--Daniel Hawkins. - -_Oyster Island, North._--"Scarcely any land-birds visit this -island."--John Young. - -_Broadhaven._--"Autumn: The Gannet does not breed on the Stags, but is -to be seen after herring."--Michael Duffy. - -_Eagle Island, East._--"Spring: did not observe any birds of a -migratory kind pass this island."--Robert W. Redmond. - -_Eagle Island, West._--"Autumn: I have carefully watched the movements -of birds, and have not found anything worth reporting. Sea-fowl -occasionally after herring in large groups; but they come and go no -particular way."--Matthew Healy. - -_Clare Island._--"Autumn: Very few migratory birds at this station in -1882, with the exception of Gulls, Guillemots, Puffins, and Razorbills, -of which large numbers arrived in the latter part of March, and left on -Aug. 18th. Cormorants and Kittiwakes all the year round. Large numbers -of Grouse from August to January. Snipe and Woodcock, November to -March. Two large Eagles have their eyrie on the cliffs of a mountain -close to the lighthouse: they kill several lambs. Geese, Ducks, and -Hens, and carry them to the mountain with the greatest ease."--George -H. Brownell. - -_Slyne Head, North._--"Autumn: Very few land-birds visit this -station."--Robert Tyrrell. - -_Slyne Head, South._--"Spring: The Tern used to arrive for breeding -perhaps about May 4th or 6th; this year they did not come until June -4th, and not one bird hatched on the island this year. Sea-hawks arrive -the first week in April, and leave about the end of October. I have -not seen a Crow for two years, nor a Starling this year."--William -Callaghan. - -_Arran Island, North._--"Autumn: No birds struck the lantern in 1882. -I have not observed any Blackbirds, Thrushes, or Starlings, during the -past year."--John Kelly. - -_Straw Island._--"Autumn: All descriptions of birds were fewer this -year than usual."--Charles Boyle. - -_Arran Island, South._--"Autumn: Only a few 'Stares' struck the lantern -this winter."--John O'Donnell. - -Samphire Island.--"Spring: Not a single bird struck last winter, the -chief cause being that we have a red light all round east and south, -which birds never strike. Almost all birds strike with S.E. winds, and -generally on the east side of the lantern."--Michael O'Donnell. - -_Tearaght Rock._--"Spring: The Sea-parrots are so plentiful here (April -25th) that on some occasions the whole island is completely covered -with them: they are just now beginning to find their way into their -holes. There is some solitary bird here, so it seems, makes a noise so -loud, or crows so loud, in the cliffs, that one can hear it distinctly -in the dwellings. It sounds something as follows: 'kuck, kuck, ko, -kuck, kuck, ko.' This is repeated a few times, and then there is an -interval of some minutes. So far I can neither see nor hear it in the -daytime. It is called in this place the 'Night-bird.' (See 'Zoologist,' -January, 1883). The Sea-parrot does not lay more than one egg unless it -is taken away, when another is laid at the end of a week, and if this -is taken away another egg is laid; then no more are laid that year. The -young remain in their holes until they are fully feathered. They leave -them in July, and are well guarded in the sea by the old birds. It is -my opinion they do not ascend on the island any more after they have -left their holes. The only way the young birds are distinguished from -the old ones the following spring is that their feet are still a little -black. The Razorbill begins to lay its egg about May 18th. The parent -birds relieve each other while hatching. I actually saw one Razorbill -come up to another which was on the egg, peck it, when off it went, and -the new comer at once took its place. The Stormy Petrels breed here, -but in small quantity. Autumn: Referring to the cry of the 'Night-bird' -(Manx Shearwater ), the letter 'a' should be added to the 'ko,' and it -would then read, 'kuck, kuck, ko-a.' The cry is as distinct as that -of the Cuckoo, and would be heard about the same distance. I never -remember to have seen a Crested Cormorant until I came here. Starlings -and Thrushes come off with easterly winds when there is frost or snow -on the mainland. About a dozen Grey Linnets remained here during -December; also a few Snow Buntings. There are a couple of hundred -Titlarks summer and winter; they do not migrate. The same might be said -of the Common Wren; about a dozen."--Edward McCarron. - -_Valentia._--"Spring: No bird struck this lantern for five years. -This point is too far west, and is out of the track of migrating -birds."--Thomas McKenna. - - -Eagle. - -_Skelligs._--April 4th, two Eagles flying about the island. - - -Hawk. - -_Rathlin Island._--April 1st, five Hawks, stopping in vicinity. June -22nd, four seen. - -_Innishtrahull._--March 5th, small Hawks. - -_Slyne Head, South._--May 26th, two Hawks, noon to 4 p.m. "There are -many Sea Hawks about this island. They arrive the first week in April, -and leave about the end of October." - -_Howth Baily._--Dec. 13th, two Hawks. Jan. 2nd, one. - -_Rathlin Island._--Nov. 10th, "two Game Hawks coursing a Pigeon;" 16th, -one Sparrow Hawk. - -_Innishtrahull._--Dec. 16th, one Hawk; 19th, ditto. - -_Arranmore._--Nov. 18th, one. - -_Killybegs._--Nov. 26th, two remained about a week. - -_Clare Island._--Nov. 23rd, two Kestrels. - -_Tearaght._--Dec. 9th, "one Falcon." Jan. 8th, 1883, two Sparrow Hawks. - -_Dungarvan._--Nov. 14th, one Sparrow Hawk; 16th, one "Falcon Hawk;" -25th, two Sparrow Hawks. Jan. 4th, 1883, one. - - -Snowy Owl. - -_Innishtrahull._--Nov. 19th, one shot (now in Museum of Science and -Art, Kildare Street, Dublin). - - -Thrush. - -_Slyne Head, North._--April 17th., one Thrush killed, 2 a.m., striking -lantern; 29th, flocks of Thrushes pitched on this island. July 8th, -five Thrushes struck lantern, one killed. - -_Skelligs._--Jan. 3rd, 1882, eight Thrushes perched on island. - -_Galley Head._--Dec. 13th, Thrushes going south. - -_Old Head, Kinsale._--Dec. 6th, hundreds of "Mountain Thrush;" 8th, -some hundreds of Thrushes. - -_Tuskar Rock._--Oct. 13th, Thrushes continually striking, ten killed, -and one "Mountain Thrush." - -_Kish Bank Light-ship._--Oct. 12th, 13th and 14th, Thrushes about -lantern. - -_Howth Baily._--Oct. 14th, two killed. Dec. 9th, one seen; 11th, one; -12th to 18th, several about station, frost. Jan. 13th, 1883, Thrushes -about light. - -_Rockabill._--Oct. 4th, Thrushes. Dec. 12th, ditto. - -_Copeland Island._--Nov. 9th, two Thrushes killed. Dec. 18th, four -ditto. - -_Innishtrahull._--Oct. 15th, Thrushes about lantern, one killed. Nov. -7th, Thrushes. Jan. 5th, 1883, ditto. - -_Lough Swilly._--Dec. 14th, one. - -_Tory Island._--Oct. 19th, one struck, not killed. Dec. 10th, one seen. - -_Arranmore._--Oct. 22nd, one. Nov. 18th, one. - -_Rathlin O'Birne._--Dec. 13th, one Thrush. - -_Killybegs._--Dec. 10th, about twenty came when the frost began. - -_Clare Island._--Dec. 9th, several. - -_Tearaght._--Dec. 14th, half a dozen Thrushes; 24th, a dozen. - -_Valentia._--Oct. 8th, one killed against lantern. - -_Skelligs._--Nov. 3rd, ten. During December a few were observed daily -on island; also on Jan. 8th, 1883. - -_Dursey Island._--Oct. 21st, four Thrushes going E. - - -Fieldfare. - -_Valentia._--Nov. 29th, two Fieldfares. - -_Dungarvan._--Nov. 11th, twelve. - - -Blackbird. - -_Slyne Head, North._--March 20th, one Blackbird killed against lantern, -3 a.m. - -_Skelligs._--Jan. 25th, four Blackbirds on island. April 3rd, three -ditto. - -_Old Head, Kinsale._--Dec. 8th, several Blackbirds. - -_Barrels Rock Light-ship._--Dec. 7th, four flying north. - -_Tuskar Rock._--Oct. 7th, one; 13th, thirty struck, all killed. Nov. -14th, three ditto. - -_Kish Bank Light-ship._--Oct. 14th, Blackbirds about lantern. Nov. -15th, hen Blackbird killed, "being the first bird I have seen killed by -our lantern for the last two years." Dec. 10th, two blackbirds. - -_Howth Baily._--Dec. 6th, fourteen in fields; 12th, one. Jan. 13th, -1883, five about light. - -_Rockabill._--Oct. 4th and 12th, Blackbirds striking lantern. Dec. -12th, Blackbirds seen. - -_Copeland Island._--Sept. 21st, three Blackbirds killed. Oct. 8th, one -ditto. Dec. 18th, one killed. - -_Innishtrahull._--Oct. 10th to 15th, Blackbirds about lantern; 18th, -three struck, killed. Nov. 7th, Blackbirds, 10 a.m. to 4 p.m. Jan. 5th, -1883, three or four. - -_Tory Island._--Oct. 19th, one female struck, not killed. - -_Arranmore._--Oct. 21st, one. Nov. 13th, one. - -_Rathlin O'Birne._--Oct. 19th, one struck, killed, 2 a.m. Nov. 13th, -one. Dec. 1st, one. - -_Killybegs._--Dec. 10th, about twenty came on the appearance of frost. - -_Clare Island._--Dec. 9th, several. - -_Slyne Head, North._--Sept. 9th, two. Oct. 11th, two. Dec. 15th, two. - -_Straw Island._--Nov. 13th, a flock of Blackbirds, 2 a.m., a few -struck, but none killed; fog and rain. - -_Valentia._--Oct. 2nd, one killed against lantern. - -_Skelligs._--Nov. 15th and 22nd, and at intervals during December, a -few were seen on island. - - -Robin. - -_Eagle Island, West._--March 2nd, caught a Robin in an out-house, wind -N., moderate. - -_Howth Baily._--Dec. 20th, four about station. - -_Innishtrahull._--Oct. 29th, one, 8 a.m., wind S.S.E. - -_Lough Swilly._--Dec. 1st, one; 2nd, one; 6th, one. - - -Stonechat. - -_Arranmore._--April 7th, eight "Stonechats" arrived. - -_Rathlin O'Birne._--March 23rd, four "Stonechats;" seen also April 4th -and 8th. May 8th, they rested on the island. - -_Eagle Island, West._--April, "Stonechats" arrived, about eighteen. - -_Galley Head._--Oct. 30th, the "Stonechick" has left. - -_Eagle Island, West._--Nov., saw a few "Stonechats." - -[Some of the above entries may refer to the Wheatear.] - - -Golden-crested Wren. - -_Slyne Head, North._--May 11th, one Golden-crested Wren killed. - -_Tuskar Rock._--July 27th, two Golden Wrens; also on Aug. 6th and 9th. -Oct. 12th, twelve, one killed; 13th, continually striking all night. - -_Howth Baily._--Oct. 9th, five Golden Wrens struck lantern; 12th, two -ditto. Dec. 17th, six. - -_Rathlin Island._--Aug. 26th, one. Oct. 9th, two (one killed); 13th, -five struck (two killed). Nov. 30th, four seen. - -_Innishtrahull._--Oct. 15th, Golden Wrens about lantern. - -_Arran Island, South._--Oct. 14th, fourteen struck lantern; none killed. - - -Wren. - -_Arklow Bank, South._--April 15th, six Wrens going N.W., wind light -N.E., cloudy; 18th, one Wren on deck, 5 a.m. - -_Skelligs._--Feb. 22nd, two Wrens on island. April 9th, two Wrens on -island. - -_Tuskar Rock._--July 27th, four "Common Wrens." Seen also Aug. 5th, -9th, and 31st; and Oct. 8th and 9th. - -_Howth Baily._--Dec. 10th, six flying south; 16th, three. - -_Innishtrahull._--Oct. 15th, "Brown Wrens" about lantern. Nov. 7th, -ditto seen. - -_Tory Island._--Oct. 6th, two Wrens caught on lantern. - -_Arranmore._--Oct. 22nd, one seen. - -_Rathlin O'Birne._--Oct. 28th, one seen. - -_Eagle Island, West._--Nov., saw two pairs of Wrens. - -_Slyne Head, North._--Sept. 9th, two Wrens seen. - -_Arran Island, North._--Aug. 7th, "three Common Wrens" going S.E. Dec. -9th, two. - -_Skelligs._--Oct. 19th, two. Dec. 5th, four; 13th, two; Jan. 5th, 1883, -two. All alighted on island. - - -Tits. - -_Tuskar Rock._--March 18th, 10 p.m. to 5 a.m., continually striking, -seventeen killed; wind fresh S.W., fog. April 21st, 10.30 p.m. to 4 -a.m., constantly striking, twelve killed; wind fresh S.E., fog. July -27th, Titmice continually striking, wind fresh S.; also on 6th, 9th, -and 31st Aug. - -_Copeland Island._--Sept. 10th, six Titmice killed; 21st, two ditto. -Oct. 8th, four ditto. - -_Innishtrahull._--Oct. 14th, Titmice at lantern; 15th, one killed. - - -Wagtail. - -_Galley Head._--Oct. 30th, the Wagtail has left. Rathlin Island.--Aug. -26th, three remained on island. Nov. 9th, one seen. - -_Innishtrahull._--Dec. 19th, one. - -_Lough Swilly._--Dec. 14th, two. - -_Samphire Island._--Oct. 27th, five Wagtails on rock. - - -Larks. - -_Arklow Bank_, South,--Noticed on April 5th, 7th, and 15th. - -_Rathlin O'Birne._--March 8th, 10th, 11th, and 12th, Sky Larks seen, -one to five in number; they rested on the island. Observed earlier this -year than last year. March 22nd, Titlarks mating; they rested on the -island. - -_Eagle Island, West._--April, about eighteen Titlarks arrived. - -_Slyne Head, North._--April 29th, flocks of Larks pitched on island. -July 13th, one Lark killed against lantern. - -_Straw Island._--From April 3rd to May 20th, continuous flocks of -Common Field Larks passing towards the mainland, generally about 3 p.m. - -_Valentia._--April 3rd, small flocks of Larks and frequently to end of -month. May 3rd and 16th, a few Larks. - -_Galley Head._--Dec. 13th, Larks going south. - -_Old Head, Kinsale._--Dec. 8th, Larks. - -_Coningbeg Light-ship._--Dec. 13th, one killed against lantern. - -_Barrels Rock Light-ship._--Dec. 7th, one rested on ship. - -_Tuskar Rock._--Oct 9th, Larks and Titlarks; also on Oct. 14th. - -_Kish Bank Light-ship._--Nov. 30th, large flocks of Sky Larks. - -_Howth Baily._--Nov. 20th, about two hundred Larks. Dec. 7th, twenty; -11th, ten; 12th to 18th, several, frost. Jan. 15th, 1883, Titlarks -about. - -_Copeland Island._--Sept. 10th, ten Larks killed; 21st, four ditto. -Oct. 8th, seven ditto. Nov. 9th, eight ditto. Dec. 18th, two ditto. - -_Innishtrahull._--Oct. 14th, Titlarks at lantern; 15th, Larks, one -killed. Nov. 19th, Titlarks. Dec. 15th, flock of fifty. - -_Tory Island._--Oct. 14th, one "female" Lark killed. - -_Eagle Island, West._--Sept., Sky Larks and Titlarks seem to be -departing. - -_Clare Island._--Jan. 1st, 1883, twenty Titlarks. - -_Arran Island, North._--Nov. 12th, eleven. Dec. 9th, six. Jan. 4th, -1883, two. - -_Dungarvan._--Nov. 14th, small flocks of Sky Larks; 15th, one struck, -not killed, Dec. 5th and 15th, large flocks. - - -Snow Bunting. - -_Arranmore._--April 5th, four Snow Buntings left island. - -_Galley Head._--Nov. 30th, two "Snow Birds" passed north. - -_Rathlin Island._--Nov. 5th, seven Snow Buntings arrived and will -remain some time; 31st, thirty. - -_Innishtrahull._--Nov. 7th, Snow Buntings; 19th to end of month, -frequented island. Dec. 23rd and 24th, fifty to one hundred in a flock; -wind, strong N.W. Jan. 3rd, 1883, Snow Buntings daily to 18th on island. - -_Tory Island._--Nov. 9th, one flock. Jan. 6th and 7th, 1883, Snow -Buntings. - -_Arranmore._--Oct. 4th, one seen. Nov. 4th, 18th; Dec. 4th, 5th, 12th; -Jan. 4th and 6th, 1883;--on all these dates some seen. - - -Chaffinch. - -_Kish Bank Light-ship._--Oct. 25th, flock of Chaffinches going W.; -30th, four Chaffinches. - -_Arranmore._--Oct. 26th, four Chaffinches. Jan. 4th, 1883, one. - - -Sparrow. - -_Rathlin Island._--June 9th, fifteen or sixteen Sparrows; remained two -or three days. Dec. 16th, Sparrows. - - -"Goldfinch." - -_Arranmore._--May 4th, six Goldfinches "come to build." Valentia.--Oct. -6th, four Goldfinches. Nov. 8th, five. Dec. 18th, eighteen. - -[The Goldfinch is now rare and local in Ireland; hence inverted commas.] - - -Linnet. - -_Galley Head._--March 4th, one hundred or more going N. May 21st, -flocks of small birds, "taken to be Linnets," going N. - -_Coningbeg Light-ship._--March 9th, two Linnets flying westward. - -_Tuskar Rock._--March 18th, 10 p.m. to 5 a.m., continually striking, -seven killed; wind fresh S.W., fog. April 21st, 10.30 p.m. to 4 a.m., -continually striking, five killed; wind fresh S.E., fog. - -_Clare Island._--Flocks of "Grey Linnets" noticed on March 6th, 10th, -28th; April 11th, 27th; May 3rd, 30th; and June 20th. The flocks were -continuous on March 28th and April 11th. - -_Slyne Head, North._--April 29th, flocks of Linnets pitched on island. - -_Galley Head._--Dec. 13th, Linnets going south. - -_Old Head, Kinsale._--Dec. 8th, Linnets and Finches. - -_Coningbeg Light-ship._--Nov. 8th, six Linnets flying N.W.; 15th, seven -Linnets. Dec. 7th, three Linnets alighted on ship; 19th, one ditto. - -_Tuskar Rock._--July 27th, Green Linnets striking; also on Aug. 6th and -9th; Oct. 9th and 13th. - -_Kish Bank Light-ship._--Oct. 21st, about "thirty Chaffinches or -Linnets." - -_Howth Baily._--Dec. 6th, about sixty; 7th, eight; 12th to 18th, -several; frost. - -_Rockabill._--Oct. 12th, Linnets. Dec. 20th, Green Linnets all day. - -_Rathlin Island._--Aug. 7th, flocks; 19th, ditto. Sept. 12th, -twenty-eight Green Linnets. Oct. 1st, thirty Grey Linnets; 18th, Grey -Linnets. Seen also on Nov. 1st and 3rd; and on 14th several flocks -arrived and apparently remained on island some time. During December -several flocks seen at intervals. Jan. 3rd, 1883, one flock. - -_Innishtrahull._--Oct. 10th to 13th, flocks of Grey Linnets all day; -six or eight struck lantern, none killed; 15th, flocks. Dec. 31st, -Green and Grey Linnets; flocks of 100 to 150. - -_Lough Swilly._--Oct. 12th, Linnets. Dec. 24th, flocks of Linnets. - -_Arranmore._--Oct. 24th, forty Grey Linnets. - -_Rathlin O'Birne._--Oct. 28th, ten Grey Linnets. - -_Killybegs._--Oct. 26th, twenty-five to thirty Grey Linnets; left same -day, going south. "They were accompanied by several small birds of -different species." - -_Broadhaven._--Dec. 2nd, twenty-five Linnets. Jan. 7th, 1883, seven. - -_Slyne Head, North._--Sept. 28th, twelve Linnets. Oct. 27th, three. - -_Arran Island, North._--Aug. 5th, large flock. Nov. 12th, thirty to -forty. - -_Straw Island._--Sept. 13th, thirty Linnets. Remained ten days on -island. - -_Valentia._--Oct. 6th, ten. Nov. 4th, two; 20th, ten. Dec. 6th to 20th, -eight to twenty at intervals. - -_Skelligs._--Oct. 12th, twelve "Buntings" perched on island. - - -"Bullfinch." - -_Rathlin O'Birne._--March 9th, one Bullfinch; 10th, three Bullfinches; -wind strong S.W. - -_Tuskar Rock._--July 27th, Aug. 5th, 9th, and 31st, Sept. 6th, Oct. -13th, Bullfinches constantly striking. "This is a bird like the Green -Linnet, but more white on the outside of the wing." (Chaffinch?). - - -Starling. - -_South Maidens Light._--May 11th, two dozen Starlings, 11 am., misty -fog. - -_Rathlin Island._--April 15th, seven remained all day; 27th, they are -building here. June 10th, Starlings left. - -_Galley Head._--Sept. 18th, forty to fifty Starlings going N. Oct. 9th, -continuous flocks passing N.; 20th, flocks of 100 to 300, remaining in -locality. Dec. 13th, Starlings going S. - -_Old Head, Kinsale._--Nov. 2nd, 300 Starlings; 4th, 400 or 500. Dec. -8th, hundreds. - -_Coningbeg Light-ship._--Nov. 12th, fifty flying N.; 15th, eight flying -N.E. Dec. 9th, flocks going N.; 12th, one caught on board. - -_Tuskar Rock._--Aug. 31st, Starlings striking. Oct. 8th and 13th, Nov. -14th, ditto. - -_Kish Bank Light-ship._--Oct. 12th, 13th, 14th, 15th, Starlings about -lantern; 27th, two. Nov. 6th and 11th, flocks going W. Dec. 11th, two. - -_Howth Baily._--Nov. 7th, large flock; 14th, ditto. Dec. 4th, fifty; -12th to 18th, several; frost. - -_Rockabill._--Dec. 12th, Starlings. - -_Rathlin Island._--Nov. 6th, three. Dec. 16th, flocks. - -_Innishtrahull._--Nov. 7th, a flock of eight or nine. - -_Oyster Island, North._--Dec. 4th, large flock passing S.W. - -_Clare Island._--Dec. 6th, two flocks. - -_Slyne Head, North._--Aug. 30th, two Starlings. Dec. 24th, three; 27th, -forty. - -_Straw Island._--Nov. 10th, 120. Dec. 7th, forty. Jan. 11th, 1883, -forty. - -_Arran Island, South._--Oct. 18th, thirty "Stares." - -_Tearaght._--Dec. 15th, about 150 Starlings; 21st, 100. - -_Skelligs._--Dec. 5th, twenty came to island; 12th, forty. - -_Dursey Island._--Oct. 16th, forty; 20th, large flock going S.E. Nov. -14th, twenty going E. Dec. 10th and 13th, large flocks going S.E. - -_Dungarvan._--Nov. 11th, small flocks; 17th, 21st, some seen; 25th, one -killed against lantern. - - -Chough. - -_Rathlin Island._--June 5th, Red-legged Crows. "They make their home -here." - -_Blacksod._--April 27th, about eight Choughs. Seldom seen at this -station. June 17th, four to six Choughs going S. - - -Raven. - -_Black Rock, Mayo._--May 23rd, thirty-six "Ravens," 7 a.m.; wind light -W. "It is remarkable to see so many of these birds together, as there -is seldom more than three or four." - -_Slyne Head, South._--June 22nd, two Ravens. - -_Arran Island, North._--Aug. 5th, two Ravens. - - -Hooded Crow. - -_Rathlin Island._--April 13th, six White-backed Crows. "They never -leave." - -_Rathlin O'Birne._--March 23rd, four "Saddle-backed Crows." Two of -these Crows remained and nested in cliff. - -_Broadhaven._--April 20th, two "Scar Crows" going S.W. - -_Clare Island._--April 20th, flocks of Grey Crow. May 5th, ditto, going -S. - -_Slyne Head, North._--March 3rd, seven Grey Crows; 6th, eleven ditto. - -_Dursey Island._--April 9th, six Grey Crows going S.E. June 4th, 12th, -Grey Crows going N.E. - -_Gaily Head._--Dec. 30th, the Grey-backed Crow has disappeared. - -_Howth Baily._--Jan. 6th, 1883, flock of forty flying E. - -_Rathlin Island._--Sept. 16th, "five Grey-backed Crows or Choughs" -(Jackdaws?). They breed on the island. Dec. 12th, two "White-backed." - -_Innishtrahull._--Dec. 6th, ten Grey Crows at all hours. They breed on -island. - -_Lough Swilly._--Dec. 5th, one Grey-backed Crow; 24th, two. - -_Arran Island, North._--Aug. 5th, four. - -_Straw Island._--Nov. 30th, four. Dec. 15th, five. - -_Valentia._--Nov. 12th, four. Dec. 8th, twenty. - -_Dursey Island._--Aug. 22nd and 25th, eight; one or two seen also on -Oct. 9th, Nov. 11th, and Dec. 24th. - -_Dungarvan._--Dec. 5th, two. - - -Rooks. - -_Tuskar Rock._--April 6th, one flock, 7 a.m., going W., wind light -E.N.E.; 21st, one flock going W. - -_Arklow Bank, South._--April 11th, one "Crow" going N.W. - -_Rathlin Island._--April 14th, thirty "Black Crows," coming from -Scotland, wind strong N.E.; 23rd, forty Black Crows, coming from -Scotland, wind light N.W., foggy. May 5th, fifteen Black Crows. June -23rd and 30th, several. - -_Lough Swilly._--June 4th, flights of Rooks. July 1st and 15th, great -numbers of Books; 31st, a few. - -_Blacksod._--April 13th, large flock of Crows (Books) all day -constantly passing. May 22nd, Books. - -_Clare Island._--March 20th, two large flocks of Black Crows going N. - -_Slyne Head, North._--April 26th, flock of Books coming from the N.E. -June 12th, one flock of Crows (Rooks?). July 21st, flocks of Books -flying in different directions. - -_Straw Island._--May 11th, 100 Crows (Rooks?). - -_Valentia._--April 21st, a few Crows; also on May 21st. - -_Kish Bank Light-ship._--April 17th, one Crow going N.W.; 24th, one -alighted on ship. - -_Howth Baily._--Dec. 14th, three; 15th, six; 24th, sixty flying W. - -_Rockabill._--Dec. 12th, Black Crows alighted on the rocks. - -_Rathlin Island._--Aug. 13th, thirty. Sept. 10th, ditto. Oct. 6th, -forty; 19th, forty. Nov. 13th, thirteen. In all these cases going S. A -few seen on Dec. 11th, 12th, and 22nd. - -_Innishtrahull._--Oct. 7th, eight "Black Crows." Dec. 10th, one. - -_Tory Island._--Nov. 29th, eight Crows. - -_Oyster Island, North._--Oct. 12th, twenty Rooks going inland. - -_Clare Island._--Jan. 4th, 1883, six. - -_Slyne Head, North._--Oct. 27th, four. Dec. 27th, ten. - -_Samphire Island._--Oct. 4th, about forty; Oct. 12th, a very large -flock passing to opposite shore. They return about sunset. - -_Valentia._--Oct. 8th, four; 24th, five. - -_Skelligs._--Dec. 13th, twenty going E. - - -Jackdaw. - -_Tearaght._--Dec. 10th, two; 17th, one. - - -Magpie. - -_Lough Swilly._--Oct. 5th, one Magpie, 11 a.m. - -_Arran Island, North._--Aug. 10th, two. - - -Swallow. - -_Galley Head._--May 12th, from thirty to fifty Swallows going N.W. - -_Mine Head._--April 21st, twelve Swallows, noon, wind S.S.E., strong, -cloudy; the first arrivals. - -_Tuskar Rock._--April 24th, one, 8.20 a.m., going W. - -_Arklow Bank, South._--April 5th, two going N.W. - -_Kish Bank Light-ship._--April 18th, two going S.E. - -_Dunree Head._--June 15th, flock of Swallows. - -_Lough Swilly._--May 4th, a few; the first this season. - -_Arranmore._--May 6th, four came to build. - -_Rathlin O'Birne._--May 4th, twelve Swallows "of the Martin species"; -16th, six or seven Swallows. - -_Blacksod._--June 10th, ten to twenty Swallows; the first seen. - -_Slyne Head, North._--May 17th, nine. - -_Slyne Head, South._--June 7th, four. - -_Skelligs._--June 2nd, two flying about island. - -_Tuskar Rock._--Oct. 4th, two flying about; also on Oct. 14th. - -_Innishtrahull._--Aug. 12th, one "Black Swallow" (Swift?), last seen -for season. - - -Martin. - -_Mine Head._--July 4th, six Martins. - -_Oyster Island, North._--May 3rd, about fifteen Martins. They breed in -the neighbourhood. - - -Cuckoo. - -_Mine Head._--May 1st, Cuckoo first heard. - -_Rathlin Island._--May 10th, five Cuckoos. - -_Arranmore._--May 3rd, two Cuckoos arrived. - -_Oyster Island, North._--May 8th, heard first Cuckoo. - - -"Kingfisher." - -_Black Rock, Mayo._--April 20th to May 1st, one or two "Kingfishers" at -sunrise. "When started they make in the direction of the Bangor River -between Belmullet and Ballina." - - -Pigeons. - -_Rathlin Island._--June 10th, seven Rock Pigeons. - -_Lough Swilly._--April 6th, some Pigeons. - -_Blacksod._--April 8th, sixteen. May 19th, Pigeons 8 a.m. till sunset. - -_Clare Island._--April 7th, four small flocks going S.E.; 11th, -continuous flocks going S.; 20th, ditto. May 10th, three small flocks -going N.W.; 20th, two flocks going W. June 6th and 17th, three flocks. - -_Dursey Island._--April 14th, fourteen Wild Pigeons going N.E. May -15th, twenty Wild Pigeons going N.E. - -_Howth Baily._--Dec. 14th, nine flying S. - -_Rockabill._--Dec. 13th, nine flying S. - -_Rathlin Island._--Dec. 13th, flocks of Pigeons. - -_Innishtrahull._--Dec. 10th, flock of eight Pigeons. They breed on -island. - -_Lough Swilly._--Oct. 5th, Pigeons in flocks; 9th, 12th, 28th, ditto. - -_Clare Island._--Nov. 5th, large flock. Dec. 22nd, ditto. - -_Arran Island, North._--Aug. 3rd, four going S. - -_Arran Island, South._--Nov. 17th, four. Dec. 6th, thirty. - -_Dungarvan._--Dec. 29th, ten "Woodguests" flying about. Jan. 15th, -1883, six flying inland. - - -Quail. - -_Innishtrahull._--Sept. 11th, one caught. - - -Golden and "Grey" Plover. - -_Copeland Island._--April 20th to 26th, some flocks seen on island; -twelve killed against lantern. - -_South Maidens._--April 10th, three dozen "Plover," 4.30 p.m. - -_Innishtrahull._--Seen all the month of February during several days, -and on May 8th. - -_Black Rock, Mayo._--From March 1st to May 20th, Golden Plover. These -birds never rest here, except when migrating. - -_Slyne Head, North._--April 14th, three Plover (? Golden); one struck -the lantern, 2 a.m. - -_Galley Head._--Dec. 10th, continuous flocks of "Grey and Golden" -Plover, from 50 to 100 in a flock, passing to the south; frost. - -_Old Head, Kinsale._--Dec. 7th, some hundreds of Golden Plover; 8th, -hundreds of Plover; 11th, 12th, 13th, 14th, and 16th, ditto, going -south. - -_Barrels Rock Light-ship._--Dec. 10th, about sixty Plover flying S. - -_Kish Bank Light-ship._--Dec. 11th, two flocks going S.W. - -_Copeland Island._--Nov. 9th, some flocks of Grey Plover on island off -and on during the month. - -_South Maidens._--Aug. 11th, a flock of Plover. - -_Rathlin Island._--Oct. 22nd, sixteen "Grey" Plover remain here. Nov. -7th, twenty; 19th, forty coming from N. Dec. 13th and 16th, flocks of -Golden Plover. - -_Tory Island._--Dec. 10th, "Grey" Plover; 11th, four Golden Plover; -15th, nine "Grey" Plover. - -_Rathlin O'Birne._--Oct. 4th, forty Golden Plover. Dec. 14th, thirty. - -_Killybegs._--Sept. 23rd, about forty "Grey Plover" remained several -days. Oct. 8th, fourteen. Dec. 10th, about 100. These remained while -the frost continued, when they flew inland. - -_Broadhaven._--Dec. 2nd, twelve Plover. - -_Valentia._--Dec. 8th, fifty Golden Plover; 19th, twenty remained. - -_Dursey Island._--Dec. 8th, forty going S.W.; 9th, large flocks of Grey -and Golden Plover all day going S.W.; 12th, ten. - -_Dungarvan._--Dec. 15th, some "Grey Plovers." - - -Green Plover. - -_Rathlin Island._--April 16th, eight remained in vicinity two days; -26th, seven, remained all day. - -_Innishtrahull._--March 5th, Lapwing Plover. May 10th, ditto. - -_Old Head, Kinsale._--Dec. 7th, hundreds of Green Plover; 14th, ditto. - -_Howth Baily._--Dec. 10th, two; 11th, forty flying S.W.; 12th to 18th, -several; frost. - -_Rockabill._--Dec. 16th, Green Plover going S. - -_Copeland Island._--Nov. 9th, some flocks of Lapwings on island during -this month. - -_Rathlin Island._--Nov. 28th, six. Dec. 2nd, seven; 10th, 11th, 13th, -and 16th, flocks. - -_Innishtrahull._--Dec. 12th, twelve Lapwings; first seen this season. - -_Tory Island._--Oct. 5th, three; 20th, one. Nov. 5th, one. - -_Killybegs._--Oct. 3rd, eight Lapwings. These were in neighbourhood all -the summer. - -_Oyster Island, North._--Dec. 1st, twenty-five Lapwings; 12th, ten. - -_Slyne Head, North._--Nov. 10th, two. - -_Dungarvan._--Nov. 11th, small flocks; 15th, large flocks; 17th, some; -30th, very large flocks. Dec. 15th, several. - - -Turnstone. - -_Dungarvan._--Nov. 11th, eight. - - -"Sea Larks." - -_Blacksod._--July 12th, twelve Sea Larks. - -_Howth Baily._--Jan. 6th, 1883, seven "Sand Larks" on strand. - -_Rockabill._--Nov. 3rd, "Sand Larks." - -_Innishtrahull._--Aug. 12th, six or eight "Sand Larks," and daily -during winter. - -_Arranmore._--Oct. 20th, one "Sandpiper." Nov. 4th, one. - - -Seapie. - -_Rathlin O'Birne._--March 13th, four "Sepoys," 4.30 p.m., wind strong -S.W.; 26th, six "Sepoys." June 2nd and 10th, several "Sepoys." - -_Howth Baily._--Jan 6th, 1883, flock of eighty to one hundred "Sepoys" -flying about cliffs. - -_Innishtrahull._--Dec. 6th, flock of twelve "Sepoys." - -_Oyster Island, North._--Oct. 9th, seven remained some time. Dec. 31st, -several. - - -Heron. - -_Blacksod._--June 7th, three to five "Cranes." Seldom seen here. - -_Howth Baily._--Dec. 10th, one; 12th, one. - -_Tory Island._--Oct. 8th, one at lake. Dec. 5th, one "Crane." - -_Samphire Island._--Oct. 27th, two. Seldom seen here. - -_Skelligs._--Dec. 11th, one going E. - -Dungarvan.--Jan. 16th, 1883, one flying seaward. - - -Curlew and Whimbrel. - -_Galley Head._--May 8th, flocks of from ten to twenty "May-birds," or -Curlew, going N. - -_Mine Head._--May 3rd, nine "May-birds." - -_Coningbeg Light-ship._--May 6th and 8th, eight to ten "May-birds" -flying N.W. - -_Rathlin Island._--May 2nd, 5 a.m., ten Curlews; 8th, eight Curlews; -12th, ten May-birds or Curlews. Seen also on June 3rd, 21st, and 29th -going S. - -_Innishtrahull._--March 5th, seen. April, in flocks. May, some seen. In -June and July, the only birds which visit the island, except sea-birds. - -_Lough Swilly._--May 16th and 17th, flocks of "Whimbrel Curlew." - -_Rathlin O'Birne._--March 13th, one Curlew. A few seen on March 25th, -and from June 2nd to 8th. - -_Oyster Island, North._--May 3rd to 7th, fifteen to twenty "young -Curlews, commonly called May-birds." - -_Blacksod._--April 5th, about twenty Curlews going N.W.; April 9th, -twelve birds seen; 18th, several flocks. May 13th to 22nd, continuous -flocks passing inland. A few on July 5th and 20th. - -_Slyne Head, North._--April 11th, flock of Curlews. May 3rd, one flock -known by the name of "May-birds" in this locality. "They resemble -the Curlew in form and colour, but not so large; they remain in this -locality for two or three months each year, and are rarely seen before -May." They departed early in July this year; 10th, one flock of Curlews -going S. July 21st, flocks of Curlews. - -_Slyne Head, South._--May 17th, nine "May-fowls" flew to N.E.; 30th, -five ditto. - -_Valentia._--During April frequently, and May 13th, 16th, 25th. On May -13th the entry is "young Curlew" (perhaps Whimbrel). - -_Skelligs._--Jan. 8th, ten Curlews going S. - -_Dursey Island._--May 2nd to 7th, Curlews at intervals going N.W. - -_Old Head, Kinsale._--Dec. 13th, flocks of 200 to 300 Curlews, first -arrived on this day. - -_Howth Baily._--Dec. 6th, fifteen Curlews; 10th, thirty; 12th to 18th, -several; frost. Jan. 15th, 1883, large flock. - -_Copeland Island._--Sept. 21st, large flocks of Curlews. - -_Rathlin Island._--Aug. 3rd, seven Curlews; 12th, five; 21st, three. -Sept. 2nd, seven; 20th, twelve. Oct. 25th, six. Dec. 7th, eight; and at -intervals to end of month. - -_Innishtrahull._--Aug. 12th, flocks of ten or twelve, and daily during -winter. - -_Dunree Head._--Dec. 11th, great flock of Curlews passed. - -_Lough Swilly._--Oct. 5th, Curlews in flocks; Oct. 9th, 12th, Nov. 1st, -30th, Dec. 6th and 14th, ditto. - -_Killybegs._--Sept. 5th, about seventy Curlews; they remained until -middle of October, some during winter months. - -_Oyster Island, North._--Nov. 11th, about fifty; remained on island. -Seen also on Dec. 12th, 31st; and Jan. 9th to 13th, 1883. - -_Clare Island._--Nov. 3rd, thirty going N. Dec. 22nd, large flocks. -Jan. 10th, 1883, large flocks. - -_Arran Island, North._--Dec. 9th, four; 16th, seven. - -_Straw Island._--Sept. 30th, twenty-five "young Curlews." Nov. 27th. -twenty. - -_Arran Island, South._--Curlews always on island. - -_Samphire Island._--Oct. 11th, three passing inland. - -_Valentia._--"Curlews at all times here." - -_Skelligs._--Oct. 3rd, six going N. Dec. 19th, eight. - -_Dursey Island._--Entries occur in September at frequent intervals. -Oct. 3rd, 26th, and Dec. 14th and 17th. - -_Dungarvan._--Nov. 21st, large flocks. - - -Woodcock. - -_Slyne Head, South._--May 7th, two Woodcocks, 11 a.m. None struck -lantern for last six months. - -_Skelligs._--Jan. 19th, two Woodcocks perched on island. - -_Old Head, Kinsale._--Nov. 20th, three Woodcocks. Dec. 5th, five; 6th, -twenty; 7th, eighteen; 8th, ten; 9th, twenty. - -_Howth Baily._--Dec. 6th, one; 12th, one; 14th, one. - -_Rathlin Island._--Dec. 13th, Woodcocks. - -_Arranmore._--Nov. 12th, one. Dec. 10th, four. - -_Rathlin O'Birne._--Dec. 17th, one. - -_Killybegs._--Nov. 5th, two killed. Dec. 10th, three (shot two). - -_Arran Island, South._--Oct. 26th, three. Nov. 20th, two. - -_Skelligs._--Dec. 14th, two. - -_Dursey Island._--Dec. 11th, two going S.E. - -_Dungarvan._--Dec. 11th, two. - - -Snipe. - -_Slyne Head, North._--March 12th, 4 a.m., one Snipe killed against -lantern. - -_Slyne Head, South._--May 16th, three Snipe, 7 a.m. - -_Old Head, Kinsale._--Nov. 4th, ten Snipe. Dec. 6th, thirty; 9th, sixty -Snipe; 15th, sixty to one hundred. - -_Howth Baily._--Dec. 12th, two. - -_Innishtrahull._--Oct. 6th, one. Nov. 7th, two; 19th to end of month, -some frequented island. - -_Lough Swilly._--Dec. 14th, two. - -_Tory Island._--Oct. 5th, one. Dec. 11th, five. - -_Arranmore._--Dec. 10th, 11th, and 16th, a few. - -_Rathlin O'Birne._--Dec. 16th, two; 17th, six. - -_Skelligs._--Dec. 15th, four. Jan. 5th, 1883, one; 8th, two. - - -Corn Crake. - -_Mine Head._--May 1st, first heard in the night. - -_Tuskar Rock._--Aug. 22nd, one Corn. Crake going N.W. The third seen -here for the last two and a half years. - - -Waterhen. - -_Old Head, Kinsale._--Dec. 15th, Waterhen seen; plentiful on a lake -near. - -_Rockabill._--Dec. 12th, Waterhen. - -_Innishtrahull._--Dec. 16th, one "Moorhen." - - -Coot. - -_Old Head, Kinsale._--Dec. 15th, Coot seen; plentiful on a lake near. - - -Geese. - -_Innishtrahull._--Feb. 13th, Barnacles in flocks of from twelve to -twenty, from 8 a.m. to 5 p.m. "These birds passed more or less during -this month, but particularly on the 13th." - -_Rathlin O'Birne._--March 21st, eight Barnacles. Have not seen -Barnacles at this time of year before. They left next morning. - -_Oyster Island, North._--Feb. 21st to 26th, large flocks of Barnacles, -seen between 8 and 10 p.m. Noticed passing against the rays of light. -They all left the neighbourhood. - -_Broadhaven._--April 5th and 16th, Barnacles seen going N.; 9th and -15th, Geese going N. - -_Howth Baily._--Jan. 9th, 1883, thirteen Barnacles or Wild Geese flying -E. - -_Copeland Island._--Dec. 18th, three flocks of Wild Geese passed over -island, going inland. - -_Rathlin Island._--Dec. 18th and 26th, two Wild Geese. - -_Innishtrahull._--Nov. 5th, three Barnacles flying S.E. - -_Dunree Head._--Oct. 10th, flock of Barnacles passed up lough; 20th, -great flock of Wild Geese passed. Nov. 7th, Barnacles. Dec. 21st, flock -of Wild Geese. - -_Lough Swilly._--Nov. 2nd, two flocks of Wild Geese going S. - -_Tory Island._--Oct. 17th, one Wild Goose. - -_Arranmore._--Nov. 12th, one Barnacle. Dec. 8th, one; 9th, thirty-two; -18th, several. - -_Rathlin O'Birne._--Nov. 8th, seven Barnacles; 14th, four. Dec. 10th -and 26th, several. - -_Killybegs._--Nov. 13th, nineteen flying S., very high; 16th, two -flocks flying S. Dec. 4th, seventeen going S. - -_Oyster Island, North._--Sept. 21st, twelve Barnacles going S.; 26th, -thirty going S. Oct. 5th and 8th, several flocks going S.; 17th, 20th, -25th, ditto. Nov. 5th, 20th, Dec. 25th, flocks passing into harbour. - -_Broadhaven._--Dec. 2nd, thirteen Wild Geese. - -_Clare Island._--Oct. 20th, a large flock of Wild Geese going S. - -_Slyne Head, North._--Nov. 10th, seven Barnacles. Dec. 7th, fifteen. - -_Samphire Island._--Oct. 7th, Barnacles in large numbers in the bay, -and continued plentiful up to date of sending schedule, Jan. 15th, 1883. - -_Dungarvan._--Nov. 15th, five Wild Geese; 16th, four going E. Dec. -11th, seven. - - -Swans. - -_Lough Swilly._--"June 1st to 3rd, some Wild Swans on lake in -neighbourhood; unusual at this season." - -_Rathlin Island._--Nov. 22nd, seven White Swans. "Remained on island -some hours till two were shot." - -_Killybegs._--Dec. 14th, six Swans flying south at a great height. - - -Ducks. - -_Copeland Island._--March 14th to 28th, Teal and Widgeon seen at -intervals in small flocks of four to ten, passing over station from -mainland, going N.E. or towards Scotch coast. - -_Broadhaven._--April 5th, five Wild Ducks going N. May 13th, two Wild -Ducks going N.W. - -_Blacksod._--April 8th, eleven. - -_Clare Island._--March 3rd, large flock. April 2nd, four large flocks; -14th, two flocks. In these three cases birds going S. or S.W. On June -26th, Wild Ducks going N. - -_Galley Head._--Nov. 18th, some Ducks coming to the bogs. - -_Old Head, Kinsale._--Dec. 13th, twenty-six Teal Ducks, six "Black -Ducks," one shot. "These Ducks, I know, are not native of this country." - -_Barrels Rock Light-ship._--Dec. 7th, twenty Wild Ducks flying S.; -10th, flock of thirty Widgeon ditto. - -_Tuskar Rock._--Nov. 14th, seven Sheldrakes killed striking. - -_Kish Bank Light-ship._--Oct. 7th, a flock of Widgeon (supposed); -19th, flock of Ducks. Nov. 12th, ditto. Dec. 29th, four Ducks. - -_Howth Baily._--Oct 29th, eight Wild Ducks. Dec. 12th, three. Jan. -14th, 1883, six Widgeon. - -_Copeland Island._--Oct. 8th, continuous flocks of Ducks passing over -island and going inland, three to twelve in each flock. - -_South Maidens._--Sept. 10th, a flock of Sheldrakes. - -_Rathlin Island._--Sept. 25th, two Teals. - -_Innishtrahull._--Sept. 8th, one shot; 9th, two seen. Oct. 6th, Teal, -two. Nov. 7th, Wild Duck shot. Dec. 10th, two to four; 21st, one. - -_Dunree Head._--Nov. 7th, Wild Duck; 16th, flock of Widgeon. - -_Tory Island._--Nov. 7th, Sheldrake shot, wind S., stormy. Dec. 9th, -one Wild Duck. - -_Killybegs._--Sept. 19th, thirteen Wild Ducks; remained about until -sending in schedule in January. - -_Oyster Island, North._--Oct. 17th, flocks of Widgeon; 25th, large -flocks. Dec. 18th, large flock. - -_Broadhaven._--Nov. 25th, six Wild Ducks. - -_Straw Island._--Nov. 25th, forty Ducks. Dec. 5th, twenty-five. Jan. -9th, 1883, thirteen. - -_Arran Island, South._--Nov. 17th, twenty Wild Ducks. - -_Samphire Island._--Oct. 7th, Duck; 18th, twenty. - -_Dungarvan._--Nov. 13th, five; 18th, fifty. Dec. 11th, Ducks and Teal, -several; 24th, several flocks of Teal. Jan: 3rd, 1883, thirty Wild -Ducks. - - -Merganser. - -_Dungarvan._--Nov. 18th, three flying into bay; 28th, ten swimming -towards land. Dec. 26th, two. - - -Northern Diver. - -_Skelligs._--June 1st, one Northern Diver in the water. - -_Tuskar Rock._--Jan. 11th, 1883, one Northern Diver. The "Black Divers" -leave here about May 1st, and begin to return in October. - -_Howth Baily._--Dec. 5th, one Northern Diver swimming about; 14th, -ditto. - -_Clare Island._--Dec. 27th, three Northern Divers. - - -Guillemot. - -_Tearaght._--First seen on Feb. 21st. Commence to lay about May 20th. - -_Skelligs._--Feb. 12th, forty Guillemots going N. March 27th, flocks -going N. Numbers about island during April, May, and June. - -_Tearaght._--Jan. 8th and 9th, 1883, about a dozen. - -_Skelligs._--Aug. 1st, flock departing. Oct. 31st, flock seen going S. -Nov. 10th, flock fishing. - - -Puffin. - -_Galley Head._--Continuous flocks on Feb. 27th, March 18th and 21st, -and from April 10th to 30th, also during May; in all cases going W. - -_Rathlin O'Birne._--May 14th, continuous flocks; also on 16th and 20th, -going N.; after May 20th to end of month going S. - -_Oyster Island, North._--March 13th, several flocks of Puffins in the -bay. May 18th to 24th, several flocks. - -_Broadhaven._--June 18th to 20th, flocks of Puffins. A few on June 30th -and July 12th. - -_Eagle Island, West._--June, large numbers of Puffins. - -_Black Rock, Mayo._--From April 20th to Aug. 15th, large numbers of -Puffins at intervals. - -_Blacksod._--April 18th, thirty Puffins. June 16th, eleven Puffins -going S.E. - -_Clare Island._--March 22nd, continuous flocks of Puffins going S.W. -April 4th, ditto, going S. - -_Slyne Head, North._--April 10th, continuous flocks of Puffins arrived -during day. June 17th, large and continuous flocks of Puffins have -arrived in vicinity. - -_Straw Island._--April 14th, 150 Puffins or Sea Parrot, 5.10 a.m. - -_Tearaght._--April 1st, the Puffin arrived, a few only; 5th, they -completely covered the island this day. - -_Skelligs._--March 23rd, flocks of Puffins about island. Numbers around -island to end of June (date of sending schedule). - -_Coningbeg Light-ship._--Nov. 15th, flocks flying S. - -_Barrels Rock Light-ship._--Dec. 13th to 16th, continuous flocks flying -E. and S. - -_Howth Baily._--Puffins disappeared about middle of December. - -_Dunree Head._--Aug. 17th, flocks. - -_Killybegs._--Oct. 30th, 100 to 150 Puffins; they were here during the -summer and up to this date. - -_Slyne Head, North._--A few Puffins at intervals to Nov. 7th. - -_Arran Island, North._--Nov. 8th, twenty Puffins. - -_Straw Island._--Oct. 23rd, thirty. - -_Skelligs._--Aug. 5th, flocks departing. - - -Razorbill. - -_Skelligs._--March 28th, flock of Razorbills; continued about the -island during April, May, and June. Aug. 1st, flock departing. Jan. -3rd, 1883, flock going S. A few on Jan. 9th and 11th fishing. - - -Cormorant. - -_Black Rock, Mayo._--April 20th to Aug. 15th, two to six Cormorants; -they breed on coast. - -_Blacksod._--April 27th, Cormorants seen all day. - -_Dursey Island._--A few Cormorants seen on April 11th, 27th, May 20th, -June 22nd. - -_Coningbeg Light-ship._--Nov. 9th, two Cormorants remained around ship. - -_Innishtrahull._--Nov. 5th, Cormorants to be seen frequently; they -breed on a rock near the mainland called the Stark. - -_Tory Island._--Dec. 10th, four Cormorants. - -_Arran Island, North._--A few seen ab intervals; last entry, Oct. 2nd. - -_Straw Island._--Dec. 22nd, eleven. - -_Samphire Island._--Oct. 19th, four. - -_Valentia._--At intervals during October and November resting on rock. - - -Gannet. - -_Galley Head._--Continuous flocks are noted on the following -dates:--Feb. 27th, March 5th to 13th, 21st, April 10th to 30th, and in -June. In every instance where the direction of flight is entered, they -were going W. - -_Arklow Bank, South._--Small flocks, two to twelve birds in each, -are noted as frequently passing from April 1st to June 7th, going in -various directions, generally N.E. - -_Kish Light-ship._--May 5th, one seen; 14th, two seen. - -_Copeland Island._--Flocks between April 1st and 16th, two to twenty -birds in each, pass daily, all going N. - -_Rathlin Island._--Flocks at intervals between April 6th and June 28th; -most numerous in the end of May and June. Direction of flight either E. -or W. - -_Lough Swilly._--Flocks at intervals between April 29th and July 18th; -most in July. - -_Arranmore._--Passing in June and July. - -_Rathlin O'Birne._--At intervals from March 17th to July; generally in -small flocks of six to eight birds. - -_Oyster Island, North._--A few Gannets seen on March 6th, and between -May 18th and 24th a large number of "both white and dark-coloured" (old -and young) were seen in bay. - -_Broadhaven._--At intervals between April 9th and end of July, -generally ten to twelve in a flock. Most frequently in June and July. -Direction of flight variable. - -_Eagle Island, West._--In March five or six flocks of Gannets coming -from S. In May, June, and July, numbers in the vicinity. - -_Eagle Island, East._--Here the only birds seen were Gannets, which -passed daily during April and May every quarter or half-hour. - -_Black Rock, Mayo._--Flocks from April 1st to June 1st. - -_Blacksod._--April 17th, five Gannets. Seldom seen at this station. - -_Clare Island._--Flocks noted on March 1st, and on June 11th. - -_Slyne Head, North._--Seen on May 8th and June 3rd; large flocks, also -on April 4th and 9th. - -_Slyne Head, South._--July 10th, continuous flocks of Gannets. - -_Arran Island, North._--May 6th to 13th, flocks of Gannets appeared -going S. - -_Straw Island._--April 28th, five Gannets. - -_Valentia._--Seen April 1st, May 27th, and at intervals in June. - -_Skelligs._--Constantly seen in the neighbourhood, the Lesser Skellig -being the only Irish breeding-station. - -_Dursey Head._--At intervals during April, a few birds. Large flocks on -May 8th. Several birds on May 18th and July 10th. - -_Old Head, Kinsale._--Sept. 20th, twenty Gannets. On Jan. 11th, 1883, -"Gannets continue to pass South." - -_Coningbeg Light-ship._--Four or five at intervals between Nov. 21st -and Dec. 12th. - -_Barrels Rock Light-ship._--During the month of November great numbers -of Gannets feeding about the' ship. Flocks noted on Dec. 3rd, 4th, and -5th, and five seen on 20th. - -_Tuskar Rock._--"At any time of the year that fish are about the rock -Gannets are here." - -_Kish Bank Light-ship._--A few on Oct. 18th and 23rd, going S. - -_Copeland Island._--Gannets each day in vicinity during September, -after fish. - -_Rathlin Island._--Flocks of Gannets frequently during August, -September, and October. - -_Innishtrahull._--Gannets generally in summer months. - -_Dunree Head._--Sept. 4th, great numbers passed into Lough Swilly; -18th, passed out of Lough. - -_Lough Swilly._--Oct. 2nd and 4th, a number of Gannets in vicinity; -16th, ditto, old and young birds. - -_Tory Island._--Oct. 12th, continuous flocks from E. to W. A few birds -seen on Oct. 21st and Nov. 9th. - -_Rathlin O'Birne._--Oct. 20th, continuous flocks going S.: 22nd, -hovering about all day. - -_Killybegs._--Oct. 16th to 18th, rush of Gannets and Gulls: they -remained until middle of November, when they departed, taking a -south-westerly course. - -_Eagle Island, West._--October, large numbers of Gannets flying to -the south. November, very few Gannets. December, Gannets have all -disappeared. - -_Slyne Head, North._--At intervals during August, September, October, -November, and December. - -_Arran Island, North._--From August to Nov. 20th, a few birds -occasionally. - -_Straw Island._--Noted on Sept. 8th and Oct. 20th. Gannets remained in -vicinity of lighthouse longer than is usual. - -_Tearaght._--To be seen daily in vicinity. - -_Skelligs._--Observed almost daily during September and October; -continuous flocks from 25th to 31st of latter month. A few in November, -December, and January. - -_Dursey Island._--A few during September and October. - - -Tern. - -_Copeland Island._--May 18th, the "Sea Tern or Perr" arrived in large -flocks on this date to breed, and continued arriving up to June 1st. -There are some thousands of these birds on Mew Island, which is only -forty yards from Copeland; the hen bird sits three weeks on four eggs; -the eggs are sometimes laid on the bare rock. - -_Rathlin O'Birne._--June 2nd, seven or eight Terns; they bred on an -island near this. - -_Oyster Island, North._--April 9th to 12th, several Terns or Sea -Swallows to be seen in bay. - -_Blacksod._--May 9th, five Sea Swallows going S.; 22nd, twenty Sea -Swallows.--June 22nd, six. - -_Slyne Head, South._--June 4th, flocks of "small Sea Gulls with forked -tails" arrived; they did not breed this year as usual. - -_Copeland Island._--Sept. 10th, large flock of Terns numbering some 400 -left Mew Island, going N. - - -Gulls. - -_Galley Head._--March 1st, coming to breed; 21st, continuous flocks of -small Gulls; also during April and May. - -_Mine Head._--July 25th, fifty "Marsh Gulls" remained all day. - -_Rathlin Island._--Large flocks of Gulls noticed frequently, during May -and June especially. - -_Lough Swilly._--April 1st to 10th, Gulls in great numbers. May 11th -and 14th, three or four "Boatswain Gulls." June 20th, Gulls in great -numbers. - -_Rathlin O'Birne._--Large flocks of Gulls during months of April, May, -and June, at intervals; they build on an island near this. - -_Oyster Island, North._--April 10th to 12th, large flocks of Gulls. May -18th to 24th, several flocks. - -_Broadhaven._--April 15th, 26th; May 8th, 13th to 19th; June 5th and -17th; Skua Gulls observed; and at frequent intervals to date of sending -schedules. - -_Eagle Island, West._--January and February, a few Sea Gulls. May and -June, large numbers. - -_Blackrock, Mayo._--March 1st to May 1st, two to four "Royal Gulls" at -intervals; small flocks of Kittiwakes and large flocks of "Small Gulls -or Wheelons" also at intervals. During April and May one or two "North -American or Cream-coloured Gulls." I never see more than one or two of -these birds. - -_Blacksod._--May 3rd, flock of large Grey Gulls all day; 7th, six Royal -Gulls going N.E. April 1st to June 1st, flocks of small white Sea Gulls -seen. - -_Slyne Head, North._--March 28th, large and continuous flocks of Sea -Gulls going in a southerly direction. - -_Slyne Head, South._--July 10th, continuous flocks of Skua Gulls and -some Royal Gulls after fish. - -_Arran Island, North._--Gulls frequent during May and June, generally -going towards the large Island of Arran, where they breed. I am -informed they arrive in April and leave early in August. - -_Valentia._--April 18th to end of May, at intervals; on many days no -bird is seen. From June 1st to 23rd, on rare occasions. - -_Skelligs._--Feb. 2nd, twenty Common Gulls going N. March 22nd, flocks -of Kittiwakes; 31st, ditto. During April and May flocks of Kittiwakes -constantly about island. June, ditto. - -_Dursey Island._--Large flocks of Gulls seen frequently during April, -May, and June. - -_Galley Head._--Nov. 1st, the Large White and also the Grey-backed -Gulls that hatched here have left. - -_Old Head, Kinsale._--Sea Gulls to be seen here all the year round. - -_Coningbeg Light-ship._--Nov. 12th, large flocks of Grey Gulls remained -around ship. Nov. 29th and Dec. 12th, flocks. - -_Barrels Rock Light-ship._--During November, great numbers of Gulls. - -_Rathlin Island._--Sept. 4th, "I may pass no remark on Gulls or -Gannets; they are here lying on the water or after fry I may say every -day." Nov. 24th and 26th, thousands of Skua Gulls on the sea. - -_Dunree Head._--Aug. 10th to 17th, flocks of Gulls. - -_Lough Swilly._--Oct. 16th, several flocks of Gulls; 21st, great -numbers. Nov. 1st, Gulls in great numbers. Dec. 7th, a number. - -_Tory Island._--Nov. 9th, continuously in pairs. Dec. 11th, frequently. - -_Rathlin O'Birne._--Oct. 10th, continuous flocks. Oct. 28th, Nov. 2nd, -and to end of month, large flocks at intervals. - -_Killybegs._--Oct. 16th to 18th, rush of Herring Gulls, and several -Black-headed and "Grey Gulls" after fry; remained until middle of -November, when all departed going S.W., except the Black-headed and -Grey Gulls, which remained. - -_Broadhaven._--The Sea Gull is to be seen every day at this station. - -_Slyne Head, North._--Gulls to be seen at all times. - -_Arran Island, North._--Gulls at frequent intervals in August, -September, and October. Fewer entries in November and December. - - -_Straw Island._--Gulls noted in September and October. Jan. 3rd, 1883, -twenty-two Black-headed Gulls. - -_Skelligs._--Aug. 26th, flocks of Kittiwakes departing. During -September and October almost daily, fishing up to Dec. 6th. No entry of -Kittiwakes afterwards, but a few "Gulls" entered at intervals. - -_Dursey Island._--Aug. 28th, large flocks. A few in September and -October. - -_Dungarvan._--Nov. 22nd, "immense number of Gulls." Jan. 9th, 1883, -"great number of small Gulls"; 12th, one Gull of "a uniform drab -colour, very seldom seen in this locality." - - -Manx Shearwater. - -_Skelligs._--April 5th, 10 p.m., wind N.E., clear, flocks of Manx -Shearwaters; these birds only appear at night; remained about island -during May and June. Nov. 6th, about twenty fishing. - -_Barrels Rock Light-ship._--Dec. 3rd, continuous flocks of "Mackerel -Cocks" flying W. [Manx Shearwaters?]; also on 4th and 5th; from 19th to -24th, several, generally going E. - - -Stormy Petrel. - -_Skelligs._--June 2nd, flock flying about light, 11 p.m. - -_Coningbeg Light-ship._--Nov. 8th, three Stormy Petrels remained near -ship all day. - -_Kish Bank Light-ship._--June 5th, 1882, two Stormy Petrels about the -ship all day. - -_Tory Island._--Oct. 19th, one Petrel killed against lantern. - -_Valentia._--Oct. 1st, two struck lantern, not killed; caught on -balcony after striking, wind strong S.W. Dec. 4th, one taken on -balcony, wind very strong. - -_Skelligs._--Oct. 8th, caught two outside lantern. - - - -WEST, NEWMAN AND CO., PRINTERS, 54, HATTON GARDEN, LONDON, E.C. - - - - * * * * * - - -Transcriber Note - -Minor typos were corrected. - - - - - - -*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK REPORT ON THE MIGRATION OF BIRDS IN -THE SPRING AND AUTUMN OF 1882 *** - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will -be renamed. - -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the -United States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. Special rules, set forth in the General Terms of Use part -of this license, apply to copying and distributing Project -Gutenberg-tm electronic works to protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm -concept and trademark. 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M. Barrington and A. G. More.—A Project Gutenberg eBook - </title> - <link rel="coverpage" href="images/cover_epub.jpg" /> - <style type="text/css"> - -body { - margin-left: 10%; - margin-right: 10%; -} -p { - margin-top: .51em; - text-align: justify; - margin-bottom: .49em; -} - -hr { - width: 33%; - margin-top: 2em; - margin-bottom: 2em; - margin-left: 33.5%; - margin-right: 33.5%; - clear: both; -} - -hr.tb {width: 45%; margin-left: 27.5%; margin-right: 27.5%;} -hr.chap {width: 65%; margin-left: 17.5%; margin-right: 17.5%;} -@media print { hr.chap {display: none; visibility: hidden;} } - -div.chapter {page-break-before: always;} -h2.nobreak {page-break-before: avoid;} - -table { - margin-left: auto; - margin-right: auto; -} -.tblcont {width: 70%;} -.tblcont tr:hover {background-color: #f5f5f5;} - -.tdl {text-align: left;} -.tdr {text-align: right;} -.tdc {text-align: center;} - -.pagenum { /* uncomment the next line for invisible page numbers */ - /* visibility: hidden; */ - position: absolute; - left: 92%; - font-size: smaller; - text-align: right; - font-style: normal; - font-weight: normal; - font-variant: normal; -} /* page numbers */ - -.tdl {text-align: left;} -.tdc {text-align: center;} -.tdr {text-align: right;} -.smcap {font-variant: small-caps;} -.allsmcap {font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;} - -h1, h2, .caption1, .caption2 {font-weight: bold; text-align: center; text-indent:0;} -h1 {font-size:2.00em; margin-top: 1.5em;} -h2 {font-size:1.50em; margin-top: 1.0em;} -.caption1 {font-size:2.00em; text-align: center; text-indent:0; margin-top: 1.0em;} -.caption2 {font-size:1.50em; text-align: center; text-indent:0; margin-top: 1.0em;} -.caption3nb {font-size:1.25em; text-align: center; text-indent:0; margin-top: 1.0em;} -.caption3nc {font-size:1.25em; text-align: center; text-indent:0; margin-top: 1.0em;} -.caption4nb {font-size:1.12em; text-align: center; text-indent:0; margin-top: 1.0em;} -.pmt1 {margin-top: 1em;} -.pmt2 {margin-top: 2em;} -.pmb2 {margin-bottom: 2em;} -.pmt4 {margin-top: 4em;} -.pmb4 {margin-bottom: 4em;} -.vsmall {font-size: 0.5em;} -.smaller {font-size: 0.8em;} -.blockquot p {margin-left: 4em; margin-right: 2em; text-indent: -2em; text-align: justify;} - -/* Images */ - -img { - max-width: 100%; - height: auto; -} -img.w100 {width: 100%;} - - -.figcenter { - margin: auto; - text-align: center; - page-break-inside: avoid; - max-width: 100%; -} - - -/* Footnotes */ -.footnote {margin-left: 10%; margin-right: 10%; font-size: 0.9em;} - -.footnote .label {position: absolute; right: 84%; text-align: right;} - -.fnanchor { - vertical-align: super; - font-size: .8em; - text-decoration: - none; -} - -/* Poetry */ -.poetry-container {text-align: center;} -.poetry {text-align: left; margin-left: 5%; margin-right: 5%;} -/* uncomment the next line for centered poetry in browsers */ -.poetry {display: inline-block;} -.poetry .stanza {margin: 1em auto;} -.poetry .verse {text-indent: -3em; padding-left: 3em;} -/* large inline blocks don't split well on paged devices */ -@media print { .poetry {display: block;} } -.x-ebookmaker .poetry {display: block;} - -/* Transcriber's notes */ -.transnote {background-color: #E6E6FA; - color: black; - font-size:smaller; - padding:0.5em; - margin-bottom:5em; - font-family:sans-serif, serif; } - -/* Poetry indents */ -.poetry .indent0 {text-indent: -3em;} -.poetry .indent2 {text-indent: -2em;} - - - </style> - </head> -<body> - -<div style='text-align:center; font-size:1.2em; font-weight:bold'>The Project Gutenberg eBook of Report on the Migration of Birds in the Spring and Autumn of 1882, by John A. Harvie Brown</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and -most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms -of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online -at <a href="https://www.gutenberg.org">www.gutenberg.org</a>. If you -are not located in the United States, you will have to check the laws of the -country where you are located before using this eBook. -</div> - -<div style='display:table'> - <div style='display:table-row'> - <div style='display:table-cell; padding-right:0.5em'>Title:</div> - <div style='display:table-cell; padding-right:0.5em'>Report on the Migration of Birds in the Spring and Autumn of 1882</div> - </div> - <div style='display:table-row;'> - <div style='display:table-cell'></div> - <div style='display:table-cell'>Fourth Report, 1882.</div> - </div> -</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:1em; margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em'>Author: John A. Harvie Brown, John Cordeaux, R. M. Barrington and A. G. More</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'>Release Date: June 5, 2021 [eBook #65515]</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'>Language: English</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'>Character set encoding: UTF-8</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em'>Produced by: Tom Cosmas compiled from files made freely available at The Internet Archive and placed in the Public Domain.</div> - -<div style='margin-top:2em; margin-bottom:4em'>*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK REPORT ON THE MIGRATION OF BIRDS IN THE SPRING AND AUTUMN OF 1882 ***</div> - - - - - -<div class="figcenter" id="cover" style="width: 247px;"> - <img src="images/cover.png" width="247" height="443" alt="Report on the Migration of Birds in the Spring and Autumn of 1882 By Harvie Brown, Cordeaux, Barrington and More" /> -</div> - - - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter"> -<p class="caption1">REPORT<br /> - -<span class="vsmall">ON THE</span><br /> - -MIGRATION OF BIRDS</p> -</div> - - -<p class="caption4nb">FOURTH REPORT, 1882.</p> - - -<p class="tdc pmt4">LONDON:<br /> - -PRINTED BY WEST, NEWMAN & CO., 54, HATTON GARDEN<br /> - -1883.</p> - - -<p class="tdc pmb4">Price Two Shillings.</p> - - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h1 class="nobreak" >REPORT<br /> - -<span class="vsmall">ON THE</span><br /> - -MIGRATION OF BIRDS<br /> - -<span class="vsmall">IN THE</span><br /> - -SPRING AND AUTUMN OF 1882.</h1> - - -<p class="tdc">BY</p> - -<h2>Mr. JOHN A. HARVIE BROWN, Mr. JOHN CORDEAUX,<br /> -Mr. R. M. BARRINGTON and Mr. A. G. MORE.</h2> -</div> - - -<p class="smaller">"It is much to be wished that some of the light-keepers of our lighthouses would -make notes of their observations concerning seals, whales, birds, fishes, and other -animals. Such records would be valuable; and might not some of them occupy -their leisure hours in the study of Natural History? ... Interesting observations -would then certainly be made, and new facts added to our stores of knowledge."—'Chambers' -Journal,' p. 831; Dec. 23, 1876.</p> - - - -<p class="tdc pmt4 pmb4">LONDON:<br /> - -PRINTED BY WEST, NEWMAN & CO., 54, HATTON GARDEN.<br /> - -1883.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_ii">-ii-</span></p> - - -<p class="tdc">(<i>East Coast of Scotland</i>, p. 1.)</p> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> - <div class="stanza"> - <div class="verse indent2">"Whither, midst falling dew,</div> - <div class="verse indent0">While glow the heavens with the last steps of day,</div> - <div class="verse indent0">Far, through their rosy depths, dost thou pursue</div> - <div class="verse indent2">Thy solitary way?</div> - <div class="verse indent0"><hr class="tb" /></div> - <div class="verse indent2">Seek'st thou the plashy brink</div> - <div class="verse indent0">Of weedy lake, or marge of river wide,</div> - <div class="verse indent0">Or where the rocking billows rise and sink</div> - <div class="verse indent2">On the chafed ocean's side?</div> - <div class="verse indent0"><hr class="tb" /></div> - <div class="verse indent2">All day thy wings have fanned</div> - <div class="verse indent0">At that far height, the cold, thin, atmosphere.</div> - <div class="verse indent0">Yet stoop not, weary, to the welcome land,</div> - <div class="verse indent2">Though the dark night is near."</div> - </div> -</div> -</div> - -<p class="tdr"><span class="smcap">Cullen Bryant.</span></p> - - -<p class="pmt1 tdc">(<i>East Coast of England</i>, p. 27.)</p> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> - <div class="stanza"> - <div class="verse indent0"><span style="margin-left: 3.5em;">.... "Wild birds that change</span></div> - <div class="verse indent0">Their season in the night, and wail their way</div> - <div class="verse indent0">From cloud to cloud," ....</div> - </div> -</div> -</div> - - -<p class="pmt1 tdc">(<i>West Coast of Scotland</i>, p. 55.)</p> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> - <div class="stanza"> - <div class="verse indent0"><span style="margin-left:-0.5em;">"Where</span> the Northern Ocean in vast whirls</div> - <div class="verse indent0">Boils round the naked, melancholy Isles</div> - <div class="verse indent0">Of further Thule, ....</div> - <div class="verse indent0"><hr class="tb" /></div> - <div class="verse indent0">Who can recount what transmigrations there</div> - <div class="verse indent0">Are annually made? What nations come and go?</div> - <div class="verse indent0">And how the living clouds arise.</div> - <div class="verse indent0">Infinite wings! till all the plume-dark air</div> - <div class="verse indent0">And rude resounding shore are one wild cry?"</div> - </div> -</div> -</div> - - -<p class="pmt1 tdc">(<i>Irish Coast</i>, p. 73.)</p> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> - <div class="stanza"> - <div class="verse indent0"><span style="margin-left:-0.5em;">"Islets,</span> so freshly fair.</div> - <div class="verse indent2">That never hath bird come nigh them,</div> - <div class="verse indent0">But from his course thro' air</div> - <div class="verse indent2">He has been won down by them."</div> - </div> -</div> -</div> - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter"> -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_iii">-iii-</span></p> -<h2 class="nobreak" id="PREFACE">PREFACE.</h2> -</div> - - -<p>The following Report contains a summary of investigations -of a Committee, appointed by the British Association -for the Advancement of Science, at Southampton, in 1882, -to consist of Professor Newton, Mr. J. A. Harvie Brown, -Mr. John Cordeaux, Mr. Philip M. C. Kermode, Mr. K. M. -Barrington, and Mr. A. G. More, for the purpose of obtaining -(with the consent of the Master and Elder Brethren of the -Trinity House, the Commissioners of Northern Lights, and -the Commissioners of Irish Lights) observations on the -Migration of Birds at Lighthouses and Lightships, and of -reporting upon the same at Southport in 1883. Mr. -Cordeaux to be the Secretary.</p> - -<p>An abstract of the Report was read by Mr. John Cordeaux -at the Meeting of the Association, held at Southport, in -September, 1883.</p> - -<p>The returns relating to Scotland have been arranged by -Mr. J. A. Harvie Brown; for the East Coast of England, -by Mr. Cordeaux; and those for the Coasts of Ireland, by -Mr. R. M. Barrington and Mr. A. G. More.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_iv">-iv-</span></p> - - -<p class="caption2">CONTENTS.</p> - - -<table class="tblcont" summary="TOC"> -<tr> - <td></td> - <td class="tdr smaller">PAGE</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">East Coast of Scotland</td> - <td class="tdr"><a href="#EAST_COAST_OF_SCOTLAND">1</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">East Coast of England</td> - <td class="tdr"><a href="#EAST_COAST_OF_ENGLAND">27</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">West Coast of Scotland</td> - <td class="tdr"><a href="#WEST_COAST_OF_SCOTLAND">55</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">Irish Coast</td> - <td class="tdr"><a href="#IRISH_COAST">73</a></td> -</tr> -</table> - - - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_1">-1-</span></p> - - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2 class="nobreak">FOURTH REPORT:<br /> -<span class="vsmall">ON</span><br /> -THE MIGRATION OF BIRDS<br /> -<span class="vsmall">IN THE</span><br /> -SPRING AND AUTUMN OF 1882.</h2> -</div> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<h2><a id="EAST_COAST_OF_SCOTLAND"></a>EAST COAST OF SCOTLAND, &c.</h2> - -<p><span class="smcap">Faroe.</span>—From Faroe, thanks to Herr Müller, we have the -following Report:—In spring one <i>Recurvirostra avocetta</i> was seen -on May 30th, and two Arctic Terns on same day; wind W., and -sunshine. Of <i>Anatidæ</i>, <i>Œdemia nigra</i> occurred on May 15th at -Strómó, and two, male and female, on 27th at same place. -Two also, male and female, seen at same place in the plumage of -the second year at Kalbat, Strómó, on June 2nd. In autumn,—<i>i.e.</i>, -taking certain occurrences after the middle of June as -"autumn manœuvres,"—of <i>Turdidæ</i>, six or more Fieldfares -were killed or seen at Thorshavn on Dec. 7th, easterly breezes -having prevailed. Of <i>Phylloscopinæ</i>, a rush of <i>Regulus cristatus</i> -appears to have taken place on Oct. 21st, as many were seen at -Thorshavn and elsewhere, and dead ones brought to Herr -Müller. One dead Robin was brought from Kollefjord, and -several more had been seen on the same date. One <i>Caprimulgus -europæus</i> was sent from Gauredal on June 16th. <i>Loxia curvirostra</i> -appeared round Thorshavn for several days, and are -recorded on June 29th, and again on July 9th, on which latter -date those killed with stones at Tofle were in good condition. -One Common Swift was caught on board a fishing-smack midway<span class="pagenum" id="Page_2">-2-</span> -between Iceland and Faroe, also on June 29th. One White -Wagtail, <i>Motacilla alba</i>, appeared with N. wind on July 30th. -One female Roller, <i>Coracias garrula</i>, was shot at Thorshavn on -July 22nd, wind E., and one Pomatorhine Skua was seen on -July 25th. One Woodcock was shot in Vaagó, Suderó, during a -S.E. storm, in clear weather; and of <i>Cygnidæ</i>, in all eleven—4 -and 7—Wild Swans flew past high in air from N.W. to S.E. -on Nov. 5th. On Nov. 4th was N.E. wind, but on 5th N.W. and -W. and showery. The prevailing winds at the Faroe Isles were -easterly; in October, from the 7th to the end of the month, -steady easterly and S.E.</p> - -<p>The ordinary papers, &c., were sent to thirty stations on the -East Coast of Scotland, Faroe, and Iceland, as was done in -1881.</p> - -<p>Twelve stations on this coast have returned filled-in schedules,—the -same number as in 1881,—out of the twenty-six East -Scotch stations. As formerly, many returns are light, but those -from Isle of May, Pentland Skerries, and Sumburgh Head are -fuller than before, again indicating favourite highway's of migration. -Bell Rock returns are also very full, but not so full as Isle -of May nor Pentland Skerries. From Isle of May alone I have -no less than nineteen schedules, and I have also to thank -Mr. Agnew for a jar of forty-three specimens of birds, besides -others sent me in the flesh or carbolised. At another time I -intend to write more fully concerning the birds of the Isle of -May, which is a locality of special interest to the student of -migration.<a id="FNanchor_1" href="#Footnote_1" class="fnanchor">[1]</a> From the Pentland Skerries I have nine filled-in -schedules, and from Sumburgh Head four; from the Bell Rock -three closely-filled schedules.</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a id="Footnote_1" href="#FNanchor_1" class="label">[1]</a> I intend to present the collection of birds formed on the Isle of -May to that station, to lie there in the skin, and serve both to identify -birds in future and to be of interest to visitors who annually visit the Isle -of May.</p> - -</div> - -<p>Here follows the usual list of stations issued with each -Report on the same plan as before, the dates of years upon -which the various stations have sent in Reports being shown by -asterisks.</p> - -<p>Our thanks are especially due to those observers who have -noted, as far as possible, the <i>directions of flight</i> of the birds<span class="pagenum" id="Page_3">-3-</span> -noticed. If this were done at all the stations returning schedules -it would in a marked degree assist our generalisations.</p> - - -<table summary="stations"> -<tr> - <td class="caption3nb" colspan="9"><span class="smcap">East Coast of Scotland.</span></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdc">1879,</td> - <td class="tdc">'80,</td> - <td class="tdc">'81,</td> - <td class="tdc">'82.</td> - <td colspan="5"></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdc">*</td> - <td class="tdc">*</td> - <td></td> - <td></td> - <td class="tdr">4.</td> - <td class="tdl">North Uist, Shetland</td> - <td class="tdr">230 ft.</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td></td> - <td class="tdc">*</td> - <td class="tdc">*</td> - <td class="tdc">*</td> - <td class="tdr">5.</td> - <td class="tdl">Whalsey Skerries, Shetland</td> - <td class="tdr">145</td> - <td class="tdc">"</td> - <td class="tdl">Nevin Kerr.</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td></td> - <td></td> - <td></td> - <td class="tdc">*</td> - <td class="tdr">6.</td> - <td class="tdl">Bressay, Shetland</td> - <td class="tdr">105</td> - <td class="tdc">"</td> - <td></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdc">*</td> - <td class="tdc">*</td> - <td class="tdc">*</td> - <td class="tdc">*</td> - <td class="tdr">7.</td> - <td class="tdl">Sumburgh Head, Shetland</td> - <td class="tdr">300</td> - <td class="tdc">"</td> - <td class="tdl">J. Wilson.</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td></td> - <td></td> - <td></td> - <td></td> - <td class="tdr">7B.</td> - <td class="tdl">Fair Isle</td> - <td class="tdr">?</td> - <td class="tdc">"</td> - <td></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="caption3nb" colspan="9"><span class="smcap">Orkney.</span></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdc">*</td> - <td class="tdc">*</td> - <td class="tdc">*</td> - <td class="tdc">*</td> - <td class="tdr">8.</td> - <td class="tdl">North Ronaldshay</td> - <td class="tdr">140</td> - <td class="tdc">"</td> - <td class="tdl">John Tulloch.</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td></td> - <td></td> - <td></td> - <td></td> - <td class="tdr">9.</td> - <td class="tdl">Start Point</td> - <td class="tdr">80</td> - <td class="tdc">"</td> - <td></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdc">*</td> - <td class="tdc">*</td> - <td class="tdc">*</td> - <td class="tdc">*</td> - <td class="tdr">10.</td> - <td class="tdl">Auskerry</td> - <td class="tdr">110</td> - <td class="tdc">"</td> - <td class="tdl">J. Macdonald.</td> - <td></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td></td> - <td></td> - <td></td> - <td></td> - <td class="tdr">11.</td> - <td class="tdl">Hoy Sound (Low)</td> - <td class="tdr">55</td> - <td class="tdc">"</td> - <td></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td></td> - <td></td> - <td></td> - <td></td> - <td class="tdr">12.</td> - <td class="tdl">Hoy Sound (High)</td> - <td class="tdr">115</td> - <td class="tdc">"</td> - <td></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td></td> - <td></td> - <td></td> - <td></td> - <td class="tdr">13.</td> - <td class="tdl">Cantick Head</td> - <td class="tdr">115</td> - <td class="tdc">"</td> - <td></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdc">*</td> - <td class="tdc">*</td> - <td class="tdc">*</td> - <td class="tdc">*</td> - <td class="tdr">14.</td> - <td class="tdl">Pentland Skerries</td> - <td class="tdr">170</td> - <td class="tdc">"</td> - <td class="tdl">D. MacDonald.</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="caption3nb" colspan="9"><span class="smcap">Mainland.</span></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td></td> - <td class="tdc">*</td> - <td class="tdc">*</td> - <td class="tdc">*</td> - <td class="tdr">15.</td> - <td class="tdl">Dunnet Head, Caithness</td> - <td class="tdr">346</td> - <td class="tdc">"</td> - <td class="tdl">D. Laidlaw.</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td></td> - <td></td> - <td></td> - <td></td> - <td class="tdr">16.</td> - <td class="tdl">Holborn Head, Caithness</td> - <td class="tdr">75</td> - <td class="tdc">"</td> - <td></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td></td> - <td></td> - <td></td> - <td></td> - <td class="tdr">17.</td> - <td class="tdl">Noss Head, Caithness</td> - <td class="tdr">175</td> - <td class="tdc">"</td> - <td></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td></td> - <td></td> - <td></td> - <td></td> - <td class="tdr">18.</td> - <td class="tdl">Tarbat Ness, East Ross</td> - <td class="tdr">175</td> - <td class="tdc">"</td> - <td></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td></td> - <td></td> - <td class="tdc">*</td> - <td class="tdc">*</td> - <td class="tdr">19.</td> - <td class="tdl">Cromarty, East Cromarty</td> - <td class="tdr">60</td> - <td class="tdc">"</td> - <td class="tdl">R. S. Ritson.</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td></td> - <td></td> - <td></td> - <td class="tdc">*</td> - <td class="tdr">20.</td> - <td class="tdl">Chanonry Point, Elgin</td> - <td class="tdr">40</td> - <td class="tdc">"</td> - <td class="tdl">John McGill.</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td></td> - <td></td> - <td></td> - <td></td> - <td class="tdr">21.</td> - <td class="tdl">Covesea Skerries, Elgin</td> - <td class="tdr">160</td> - <td class="tdc">"</td> - <td></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td></td> - <td></td> - <td></td> - <td class="tdc">(<i>a</i>)</td> - <td class="tdr">22.</td> - <td class="tdl">Kinnaird Head, Aberdeen</td> - <td class="tdr">120</td> - <td class="tdc">"</td> - <td class="tdl">D. M Scott.</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td></td> - <td></td> - <td></td> - <td></td> - <td class="tdr">23.</td> - <td class="tdl">Buchan Ness, Aberdeen</td> - <td class="tdr">130</td> - <td class="tdc">"</td> - <td></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td></td> - <td></td> - <td class="tdc">*</td> - <td></td> - <td class="tdr">24.</td> - <td class="tdl">Girdleness, Aberdeen</td> - <td class="tdr">185</td> - <td class="tdc">"</td> - <td></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td></td> - <td></td> - <td></td> - <td></td> - <td class="tdr">25.</td> - <td class="tdl">Montroseness, Aberdeen</td> - <td class="tdr">124</td> - <td class="tdc">"</td> - <td class="tdl"> "No birds."</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdc">*</td> - <td class="tdc">*</td> - <td class="tdc">*</td> - <td class="tdc">*</td> - <td class="tdr">26.</td> - <td class="tdl">Bell Rock, Fife Coast</td> - <td class="tdr">93</td> - <td class="tdc">"</td> - <td class="tdl">James Jack.</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdc">*</td> - <td class="tdc">*</td> - <td class="tdc">*</td> - <td class="tdc">*</td> - <td class="tdr">27.</td> - <td class="tdl">Isle of May, Firth of Forth</td> - <td class="tdr">240</td> - <td class="tdc">"</td> - <td class="tdl">J. Agnew.</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td></td> - <td class="tdc">*</td> - <td class="tdc">*</td> - <td class="tdc">*</td> - <td class="tdr">28.</td> - <td class="tdl">Inch Keith, Firth of Forth</td> - <td class="tdr">220</td> - <td class="tdc">"</td> - <td class="tdl">R. Grierson.</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td></td> - <td></td> - <td></td> - <td></td> - <td class="tdr">29.</td> - <td class="tdl">St. Abb's Head, Berwick</td> - <td class="tdr">224</td> - <td class="tdc">"</td> - <td></td> -</tr> -</table> - -<p class="tdc">(<i>a</i>) Describes a bird but no schedule.</p> - - -<p>It will be seen from the above that there is a long extent of -coast-line whence I have scarcely received any returns since the -beginning of the scheme, <i>viz.</i>, in Aberdeenshire. Is this always -<span class="pagenum" id="Page_4">-4-</span> -due to actual scarcity of birds there, or to want of observing and -recording? I cannot tell, as I never receive any communications -positive or negative from these stations, except from Girdleness, -whence last year I had a brief return. At Montroseness scarcity -of birds, indeed almost utter absence, is the reason of no returns -in most years, and we can hardly ever expect much from it owing -to its position—"So near the town and all the paraphernalia of -commerce," as Mr. P. E. Reid, the lighthouse-keeper, informs -me. He says, "I have never been at a station where fewer birds -come near the light; not over half a dozen for the past year, and -these were, we suspect. Gulls." At Noss Head, Mr. Alex. Greig, -not knowing the names of some of the birds, thought it "better -not to send in a report that would be incorrect"; but if he sends -me in a report on those he does know the name of; or some dates, -and the winds prevailing at the time of great rushes of birds, -without the names of the birds, such would be very useful. -"Small birds" or "large birds" have a value to me in recording, -though the names are not given. That a migration was -observable in 1882 at Noss Head is a <i>fact</i>, obtained from Mr. -Greig's reply to my post-card, and may prove a useful fact in -arriving some day at conclusions.</p> - -<p>I fear it is not to be expected that we get any returns from -the Whaling Captains, the arduous duties they are engaged in -making them always too glad of complete rest when obtainable. -Our thanks are due to Mr. T. Southwell, however, for speaking -to some of them on the subject; our own application, by -distributing circulars at Dundee with the assistance of Mr. P. -Henderson, naturalist of that town, not having produced any -results.</p> - -<p>I have received occasional notes from Mr. Anderson's log, -through Mr. R. Gray (see <a href="#Gannet"><span class="smcap">Gannet</span></a>, &c.). Mr. Anderson has -again taken duty on an Atlantic Liner, after a temporary -engagement in the Mediterranean, so we may hope to hear -further of him and his observations.</p> - -<p>As before, notes I have received from other sources besides -the lighthouses I will enter after the paragraphs on each species -or group. These are to be taken simply as corroborative evidence, -or otherwise, of the lighthouse reports, or as supplementary to -them.</p> - -<p>Notes have been kept upon about twenty-two species of Waterfowl<span class="pagenum" id="Page_5">-5-</span> -fifty-three species of land birds, and about eight or ten -species of littoral birds or waders, by our reporters on the East -Coast.</p> - -<p>Spring Migration I have kept distinct in this Report.</p> - -<p>I have not given compiled notes on weather in this place this -year, as all that requires to be said will be found under the -treatment of the species, and a short paragraph under General -Remarks.</p> - -<p>The whole space of time included by our 1882 returns runs -from February in spring onwards, and in autumn from July to -January 27th, 1883, the date of the last returned schedules. In -the General Remarks I notice briefly the spring migration of -1883—at Isle of May, &c.</p> - -<p>I visited this year Buchan Ness Lighthouse, on the Aberdeenshire -coast, and Mr. Andrew Gallie showed me a Manx Shearwater -which he had found dead on the balcony in the winter of -1879—80. Mr. Geo. Sim, who was with me at the time, told me -it was the first he had ever had record of on the N.E. coast of -Aberdeenshire.</p> - -<p>I visited also Cape Wrath Lighthouse. There, I was told, -very few birds are ever seen at the lights, owing to its great -height above the sea.</p> - -<p id="Turdidae"><span class="smcap">Turdidæ.</span>—In spring, at Isle of May, March 2nd, after E. to -S.E. gale for twenty-four hours, a few Redwings (accompanied by -Lapwings, Reed Buntings, Rooks, and Hooded Crows among land -birds, and Eider Duck, Teal, and Black Guillemots amongst -water-birds). At same station, on April 8th and 19th, with E. -winds. Redwings appeared; and on April 15th and 28th, single -specimens of Ring Ouzels, again with strong E. or N.E. winds -(see <a href="#Land_Notes">Land Notes</a> <i>infra</i>). In autumn, no records till September; -then at Whalsey, N. Ronaldshay, Auskerry, Pentland Skerries, -Dunnet Head, Bell Rock, Isle of May (max.), from Sept. 20th, -records on to Jan. 25th, 1883—the last record at N. Ronaldshay. -The earliest, Sept. 20th, was at Isle of May. All the species -recorded occurred all throughout the season, <i>viz.</i>, Fieldfares, -Redwings, Missel Thrushes (min.). Common Thrushes (max.). -Blackbirds; but Fieldfares and Redwings also very abundant. -Rushes, first at Auskerry and at N. Ronaldshay on Sept. 27th, -and indications of the same also at Pentland Skerries and Isle of<span class="pagenum" id="Page_6">-6-</span> -May. Numbers of Blackbirds, Thrushes, and Missel Thrushes -frequented N. Ronaldshay for three days after this date. At the -northern stations, wind strong S.E.; at Isle of May, N.E. gale. A -vast rush of many species took place, commencing on Oct. 8th, and -continued till about the 18th in force at all the stations sending -in returns, except Auskerry. We will speak fully of this movement -in this place, and afterwards will refer back to it under -other species. Migration general over whole coast-line. Wind -during that time was N.E. to S.E. to E., with fog and rain; on -the 16th S. at southern stations, and generally S.E. over all the -coast. But at Pentland Skerries, mod. S. and S.W. on 10th, -11th, and 13th. The rush here on 12th was, however, with -S.S.E. fresh, and fog. At N. Ronaldshay, on 7th—8th, numbers -of Thrushes were seen coming from the S.E., and more continued -coming till the 16th, all the time with strong S.E. wind. On -16th wind changed to S., and all left. All stations send in -heavy returns; but the heaviest is from Isle of May, and -hundreds were seen at Bell Rock on the 12th-14th. A desultory -migration, with frequent rushes, was kept up all October; also -all November, the following dates bulking largest, <i>viz.</i>, Nov. 5th, -9th, 12th, 18th, and 27th, the northerly stations of Sumburgh -Head and Pentland Skerries having during this month heavier -returns on the whole than the more southerly ones. Wind during -this time at Sumburgh Head fresh W., when fifty Redwings -appeared on 5th. But at same place, light N.N.E. on 9th, when -thirty Redwings were seen. On 27th, at same place, twenty-five -Redwings were seen flying S.W., with wind fresh W.; and at -Isle of May, on 18th, several flocks of Fieldfares and Ring Ouzels—which -usually appear here together—appeared with fresh S. -breeze. All during the intermediate time between the above -dates migration was carried on. In December the same continued, -but in diminishing numbers; and an indication of a -small rush occurred between the 6th and 12th, but this appeared -to be greatly due to N.E. gales accompanied by snow-storms and -severe frost on the mainland, causing local migration, as is partly -evident from the species accompanying them, such as Larks, &c., -and the exhausted and emaciated appearance, especially of the -Redwings, even on the Isle of May. Between the 15th and 31st, -at Auskerry, a great flock of Buntings was seen daily. In -January large flocks were seen from 4th on to date of last entries<span class="pagenum" id="Page_7">-7-</span> -in the schedules, and as late as 25th. Fieldfares at Pentland Skerries, -where the most were seen on the 13th. At N. Ronaldshay, -also, many Blackbirds, Common Thrushes, and Missel Thrushes -up to 24th, as already stated. Having detailed the movements, -and given dates and circumstances of these rushes, I will now -name the species which, along with Thrushes of various kinds, -participated in the movement, and this may serve as indicating -the general lines of 1882. During the September rush we shall -have occasion to refer amongst others to the following species or -groups of species:—<i>Saxicolinæ</i> (which began to move, however, -as early as August), some <i>Silviinæ</i> (as Robin, Whitethroat, &c.). -Golden-crested Wrens and <i>Phylloscopinæ</i> (end of August), <i>Paridæ</i>, -<i>Motacillidæ</i>, Pied Flycatchers, Swallows, <i>Fringillidæ</i>, <i>Emberizidæ</i>, -<i>Alaudidæ</i>, as also references throughout to Hawks, Owls, Herons, -and sea-birds. During the great October rush, between 8th and -18th or 23rd, at the Isle of May, during thick fog and S.E. to E. -winds, Mr. Agnew describes the movement as beyond comparison -with any former experience of his. A vast rush of Bramblings, -Chaffinches, Golden-crested Wrens without number, <i>Silviinæ</i>, -Robins, Hedge Accentors, Siskins, Larks, Redwings, Ring Ouzels, -Woodcocks, Blackcaps (a few). Sedge Warblers, Jack Snipes; -and this movement continued in pulsing throbs and also continuously, -covering all October, November, and December, and -far into 1883. For night after night hundreds of thousands of -small birds circled round the lanterns, flying "against the sun" -at Isle of May. From the Isle of May alone, as already stated, I -have nineteen schedules filled to overflowing with Mr. Agnew's -careful records. A separate paper on the Isle of May, which -I hope to prepare when I have leisure, is the only way to -do justice to the locality and its recorder. Curious that, although -such vast numbers were seen at Isle of May, the numbers at the -more inland station, or rather more landlocked station, of Inch -Keith show quite a small numerical return; but of these matters -I shall have more to say in my General Remarks. Six species of -<i>Turdidæ</i> occur recorded in the East Coast returns. -<a id="Land_Notes"></a><i>Land Notes.</i>—Mr. J. T. Garrioch, writing to me under date March -13th, 1883, and remarking upon the vast nature of the general -migration between Oct. 8th and 25th, during an E. to S.E. gale, -mentions a few Fieldfares and one Thrush on the 9th which -seemed much exhausted. In spring of 1882, Fieldfares remained<span class="pagenum" id="Page_8">-8-</span> -late into April in Stirlingshire. A flock was seen among the foothills -of the Denny range by myself on April 16th.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Saxicolinæ.</span>—In spring, Wheatears ("Stonechats" must be -included here.<a id="FNanchor_2" href="#Footnote_2" class="fnanchor">[2]</a> Another season Mr. Agnew will be able to -distinguish between true Stonechats and Wheatears, and I hope -other reporters also). Whinchats, Redstarts: First record -(Wheatear) at Isle of May, March 29th, strong W. wind, clear; -latest (Redstart) June 29th, light E., fog. But this may belong -to autumn; next latest (Redstart) May 24th, at Isle of May. -Earliest Wheatear March 29th; latest, and a rush, on May 2nd -(along with other birds unknown), N.E., rain and fog, at Bell -Rock. A large bird struck heavily, and fell into the sea. Rush -of Wheatears, April 5th. Earliest Whinchat, March 29th; -latest and rush, on April 15th, at Isle of May. Earliest Redstart, -April 2nd, at Isle of May; latest June 29th, and next May 24th. -No great rush apparent. Of the above, Whinchats are also -named "Blue Janets," a name usually applied, however, to the -Hedgesparrow or Hedge Accentor. The record of June 29th, of -a Redstart in light E. wind, seems more of an accidental nature, -as it is separated from the one before by a month, and from the -true autumn migration by six weeks. Three species of <i>Saxicolinæ</i> -on East Coast in spring. In autumn, the same species. Records -from Whalsey, Sumburgh Head, Pentland Skerries, Bell Rock, -Isle of May, and Inch Keith. (Note.—These are the same stations -that reported last season.) Earliest Stonechat, and earliest record, -at Bell Rock on Aug. 9th, light S. breeze and fog; latest Stonechat -Sept. 22nd, also at Bell Rock. Indications of a rush at Pentland -Skerries on Sept. 3rd. "Blue Janets" participated in the -October rush already spoken of (see under <a href="#Turdidae"><span class="smcap">Turdidæ</span></a>). Earliest -Wheatear, Aug. 17th, at Pentland Skerries; latest Sept. 17th. -Earliest Redstart Sept. 15th; latest Oct. 22nd. No additional -species of <i>Saxicolinæ</i> appeared in autumn.</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a id="Footnote_2" href="#FNanchor_2" class="label">[2]</a> In so far as the records apply at Isle of May.</p> - -</div> - -<p><span class="smcap">Silviinæ.</span>—In spring, Robins at Bell Rock only; one seen on -April 10th, struck lantern, but not killed. But "unusual numbers" -were seen at Isle of May in April, and in spring generally. -In autumn, Robins at Sumburgh Head (where they are very -rarely seen), N. Ronaldshay, Pentland Skerries, Dunnet Head, -Chanonry, Bell Rock, Isle of May, and Inch Keith. Earliest at<span class="pagenum" id="Page_9">-9-</span> -Isle of May, Aug. 18th; latest at Chanonry, Dec. 20th, where -one rested two days. No quantity till vast rush of October, when -Mr. Agnew says he never saw so many Robins before. Greatest -numbers seen on 12th. Enormous and uncommon numbers also -on 18th at Isle of May, and all gone on 23rd. Large rush on -12th also at Pentland Skerries, when numbers seen all day flying -S.W. Indications of the same movement also at N. Ronaldshay, -and to a less extent at Sumburgh Head (see under <a href="#Turdidae"><span class="smcap">Turdidæ</span></a>). -Of other <i>Silviinæ</i>, in spring, a few Whitethroats (identified from -a specimen in spirits) showed at Isle of May on May 6th, and in -autumn a rush took place at same place on Aug. 16th (specimen -No. 33 in spirits); but I have no other records. A single Blackcap -on Oct. 14th participated in the rush at Isle of May. Three -species of <i>Silviinæ</i> occurred.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Phylloscopinæ.</span>—A marvellous migration of Golden-crested -Regulus both in spring and autumn. In spring, the only station -giving returns is Isle of May, where Mr. Agnew says they are -very unusual at this season. Earliest on March 9th, when one -was seen at lights. Large numbers; a rush on 19th and one bird -on 20th. All March records accompanied by N.W. through W. to -S.W. winds. The rush took place with light S.W., and rain. -Three other records are on April 1st, 4th, and 10th; a rush on -the 10th of females; the males preceded the females by some -weeks. Migration in spring thus lasted from March 9th to April -10th. In autumn, at Sumburgh Head, Auskerry, Pentland -Skerries, Bell Rock, and Isle of May. Earliest on Aug. 27th, at -Isle of May; latest at same station on Nov. 12th. Rushes: -steady influx all September after the 13th; a solitary bird on -Oct. 4th; a rush on 8th, indicated at Sumburgh Head and -Pentland Skerries. (<i>Note.</i>—This is their first appearance here -for five years; it is marked "very rare" at Sumburgh Head, and -indeed natives had not seen them before). More decided at Bell -Rock, where they accompanied Bullfinches and Pipits on the -12th, and at Isle of May. The body of the rush occupied three -days, from the 8th to the 12th; during that time, at Isle of May, -Mr. Agnew describes their numbers as "enormous." Of other -<i>Phylloscopinæ</i>, Leaf-warblers—the species, however, not always -recognisable from descriptions—were fairly abundant. In spring, -one record of either a Wood or Willow Warbler (probably the -latter) on May 24th at Isle of May. In autumn, the Isle of May<span class="pagenum" id="Page_10">-10-</span> -again produces all the records I have, the earliest being considerable -numbers of Chiffchaffs (identified) on Aug. 9th, a few -on Sept. 13th, 17th, and 27th, at Isle of May; a rush on Oct. -7th, 8th, and 9th, and all gone on 10th; a few on 14th, and all -finally gone on 15th. Three (or four?) species of <i>Phylloscopinæ</i> -recorded on East Coast. Land <i>Notes.</i>—On April 24th one -Willow Warbler seen at Shirgarton, ten miles W. of Stirling. -Mr. Garrioch, writing from Lerwick, says:—"In the evening of -Oct. 9th my attention was called to a large flock of birds crossing -the harbour from the Island of Bressay, and on coming to a spot -on the shore where a large number had taken refuge from the -storm I found the flock to consist of Goldcrests, and a few Firecrests -amongst them. They continued to increase in numbers -for a few days, and several specimens were sent to me for preservation -from distant parts of the islands." These were preceded -on the 8th by flocks of Willow Wrens, one flock numbering about -twenty. "The Goldcrests spread over the entire islands, and were -observed in considerable numbers till the middle of November, -when they all disappeared." Subsequently, Mr. Garrioch, writing -to me in reply to certain queries as to the authenticity of the -"Fire-crested Wrens," says:—"Of one flock of Goldcrests, I -observed five birds which I thought to be the Firecrest. -I obtained one specimen very distinctly marked. It seemed -to me that the Firecrests were very much more exhausted -by the storm than the Goldcrests." <i>Note.</i>—I had in my letter -shown the distinction between the male Goldcrest and the -true Firecrest, the male Goldcrest having a mark above and -below the eye, without the black line <i>through</i> the eye, the -Firecrest showing three bars.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Acrocephalinæ.</span>—In Spring, at Isle of May, Mr. Agnew -believes he identifies "Reed Warblers" on April 4th; his -description, however, would equally apply perhaps to Whitethroats -or to Sedge Warblers. In autumn, a rush of similar -birds took place there on Oct. 9th. Perhaps two species -recorded.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Accentorinæ.</span>—In March, "Blue Janets," of Mr. Agnew, -which are represented by a Whinchat in spirits, but which name -in Scotland is correctly applied only to the Hedgesparrow or -Hedge Accentor. In autumn, one "Blue Janet" on Dec. 3rd. -Whilst it is the most abundant of migratory species in autumn on<span class="pagenum" id="Page_11">-11-</span> -the E. English Coast, next to the Goldcrest, it is curious to find -scarcely any records on our E. Scotch Coast.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Paridæ.</span>—Titmice: In spring, one record ("the first seen on -the lantern for many years ") at Cromarty, on March 11th, -fresh W. and clear. In autumn, considerable numbers of Titmice -at Isle of May on Aug. 9th; occurred at Whalsey, N. Ronaldshay -(in Oct., Nov., and Dec.), Pentland Skerries, Isle of May, -and Inch Keith. Earliest as above, Aug. 9th, at Isle of May; -latest at N. Ronaldshay, between Dec. 6th and 12th, when a few -came with Robins in a snow-storm (probably local movement -only); they accompanied Robins and Thrushes also at N. Ronaldshay -on Nov. 12th; on Oct. 12th about sixteen stayed four days, -and left on 16th; this is the only indication of a rush. Number -of species of <i>Paridæ</i> unknown. <i>Land Notes.</i>—On Sept. 6th I -heard Marsh Tit in our woods at Dunipace; this is the earliest -autumn record I have, but spring records I have at other -localities in the county.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Troglodytinæ.</span>—Common Wren: One species. A few records -in autumn from Sumburgh Head, Bressay, Pentland Skerries, -N. Ronaldshay, and Isle of May; earliest one seen for a -moment on island. At Sumburgh Head on Aug. 11th, and three -on 12th; latest at Pentland Skerries on Dec. 7th, wind N.E., -clear. Rush quite marked on Oct. 10th at Isle of May, still not -numerous; also at N. Ronaldshay, on Nov. 12th, a few came -with Robins and Thrushes, and a few on same day came also -with Robins and Thrushes to Isle of May, wind easterly. <i>Land -Notes.</i>—Mr. Garrioch obtained one male Creeper on Oct. 12th, -caught on Bressay with Great Spotted Woodpeckers, "all seeming -much the worse of the storm."</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Motacillidæ.</span>—In spring, at Whalsey, Bell Rock, and Isle of -May; in all five records. Earliest Feb. 24th, at Isle of May, -light W. wind; latest at Whalsey, May 24th ("Grey Wagtail," -marked "very rare here"). At Bell Rock all birds leave at high -tide, being drowned off. In autumn, records from Whalsey, -Sumburgh Head, and Isle of May. Earliest from 23rd to 26th, -a flock of "Grey Wagtails" flying about island, and on 27th -seven seen all day on Pentland Skerries; latest on Isle of May, -one Pied Wagtail on Nov. 7th. No rush very apparent. On Sept. -20th, Mr. J. Agnew has the record, "at Isle of May, three, N.E. -gale, one very white in colour and one very black "; and on Oct. 31st<span class="pagenum" id="Page_12">-12-</span> -the further record, "two, one very white, the other dark." We -would like specimens of these "very white Wagtails." Possibly -records relate to three species, but it will be safer only to include -one at present. Titlarks (Rock Pipits?) arrived in large numbers -on Isle of May on March 9th, and "supplemented some half dozen -that remained all winter." N.B. The ones that remained are -probably "Rock Pipits" (<i>Anthus obscurus</i>), and the additions are -probably "Meadow Pip its" (<i>A. pratensis</i>). In autumn, at Sumburgh -Head, Pentland Skerries, Bell Rock, and Isle of May; earliest, -one at Isle of May ("Mosscheeper," J. Agnew; or Meadow Pipit, -J. A. H. B.); latest, Bell Rock, Oct. 9th, "Mosscheeper," Mr. Jack; -on this occasion mixed with Bullfinches. Rush on Sept. 4th, at -Sumburgh Head, large flocks of "Rock Larks," <i>auct.</i> John -Wilson; and a constant stream of the same on 15th, along with -Larks. Desultory migration during September; only one record, -curiously enough, in October. Two species of <i>Anthinæ</i> (<i>Motacillidæ</i>) -noticed. <i>Note.</i>—See remarks on land migration of the -Pied Wagtail at end of the General Remarks.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Laniidæ.</span>—One record, on Oct. 16th, at Isle of May; one bird -accompanied rush of Oct. 8th and 18th, strong S. after S.E. -One species recorded—the Great Grey Shrike. <i>Notes.</i>—A male -Great Grey Shrike killed at Helensburgh, Dumbartonshire -(illustrates line across central districts of Scotland), Feb. 3rd, -1883; about 1st Nov., 1882, three Great Grey Shrikes (two male -and one female), and one same date at Redcastle. Rosshire -('Scotsman,' Feb. 17th, 1883); the last great appearance of this -species was in 1873—74. A golden Oriole (<i>Oriolus galbula</i>) occurred -during the October migration at Lerwick, along with two -Spotted Woodpeckers, a Tree Creeper, and the Golden-crested -Wrens.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Muscicapidæ.</span>—Pied Flycatcher: three records at Isle of -May on Aug. 15th, one female, light S., rain and fog; on Sept. -15th one female struck and killed; on Nov. 7th one male flying -S., but obtained, fresh S.W. breeze. One species. <i>Notes.</i>—Two -Waxwings, a very fine male and a female, killed at Kinneil by -Mr. D. Nichol, gamekeeper to Mr. Russell, Dundee Castle, on -Jan. 18th, 1883. Kinneil is close to Bo'ness, at the head of the -Firth of Forth. This female is one of the very finest birds I ever -saw. Out of the hundreds examined in the frozen marts of St. -Petersburg and Moscow I only saw one to equal it, the development<span class="pagenum" id="Page_13">-13-</span> -of the wax-like appendages being very great on both wings -and tail.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Hirundinidæ.</span>—In spring Swallows appeared at Whalsey, -Sumburgh Head, Auskerry, Pentland Skerries, Cromarty, Isle of -May, and Inch Keith. Earliest at Isle of May, April 22nd, and -more on 23rd. Latest at same place, on June 26th. Rush -perceptible at Isle of May, May 11th to 17th, when a steady -migration in small numbers were observed flying N., wind W. to -S.E. All Swallows seen have been during the forenoon. Sand -Martin on May 9th, at Whalsey Skerries. In autumn, at same -stations, continuous records from June, many no doubt relating -to local movements, therefore perhaps somewhat difficult to -separate spring and autumn records. On July 3rd and 4th, -however, at Auskerry, flocks were seen at noon; wind light -S. to S.E. Martins are noted from Whalsey, and Auskerry -and Pentland Skerries; and Sand Martin from Isle of May -on Aug. 24th. All other records apply to Common Swallows. -Swallows resident at Cromarty disappeared on Sept. 1st. No -great rushes very apparent. Latest on Oct. 6th, at Sumburgh -Head; next, on Oct. 2nd, at Isle of May; strong S.W. wind. -Three species noticed. <i>Land Notes.</i>—In spring, first Swallow -seen by M. P. Kermode and myself at Dunipace, on April 23rd; -and same day, at Shirgarton, by another party. None seen on -16th, when Bidwell and I were out, and when we took a Dipper's -nest and four eggs. On 26th, Mr. K. Gray saw two Martins in -Edinburgh. Swallows and Sand Martins were first seen at -Kelso, on the Tweed, on April 16th (<i>auct.</i> J. J. Armistead, Esq.). -See also General Remarks.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Fringillidæ.</span>—In spring, great movements of many species -of Finches, both in spring and autumn, comprising the following -species:—Green and Grey Linnets, Chaffinches, Bramblings, -Siskins, Redpolls, House Sparrows, Tree Sparrows, Bullfinches, -the Green and Grey Linnets predominating, and occurring at -the following stations:—Spring, almost entirely monopolised at -Isle of May; Siskins also appearing at Inch Keith. From March -3rd on to May 22nd. Only indication of unusual rush perhaps -on March 17th and 18th (Green Linnets and Chaffinches). Prevailing -wind at Isle of May all April, many birds appearing, S.E., -except on April 25th, when there were no birds, the wind shifting -round to N.E. suddenly. In autumn, at Isle of May, a solitary<span class="pagenum" id="Page_14">-14-</span> -Green Linnet appeared on July 14th. The above species showed -at Sumburgh Head, Pentland Skerries, Bell Rock, Isle of May, -and Inch Keith. Earliest, Grey Linnets, Aug. 23rd, at Isle of -May. Latest, at same spot, on Dec. 8th. Vast rush in October -(9th to 23). Green Linnets, earliest somewhat later than the -last, but the rush about same time. Chaffinches, no records till -Oct. 10th, at Sumburgh Head, where it is only seen on migration. -The great rush of Chaffinches, as compared with other -species, apparent, but movement distinct in October. Brambling, -no records till Oct. 10th, when a rush past was made, and no -more seen again till Dec. 3rd, when one was seen. Nine Siskins, -a considerable movement; earliest, Aug. 7th, at Isle of May; -latest, Oct. 16th. The rush of this species took place on Sept. -27th and 28th, when scores, mostly females, were on Isle of -May; and they also showed at Inch Keith. A rush, however, -also took place about Oct. 16th. Redpolls appear not quite so -abundantly in the records as other species. The records are in -September and December. A rush of Tree Sparrows took place -at Isle of May, where Mr. Agnew says he does not remember -seeing this species before. One was captured on Oct. 15th. A -very few House Sparrows were noticed in October. A few Bullfinches -showed at Bell Rock, accompanied by Pipits and Golden-crested -Wrens, &c., on Oct. 9th to 12th. The records take me -up to Dec. 12th for <i>Fringillidæ</i>. Nine species of <i>Fringillidæ</i> -under notice. <i>Land Notes.</i>—On Oct. 8th a flock of about fifty -Mealy Redpolls, all males, kept flying round about Lerwick, at -the same time with a few Willow Wrens, one flock numbering -twenty.—(J. T. G.)</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Emberizidæ.</span>—In spring, the February records may apply to -last Report as regards Snow Buntings. They were uncommonly -numerous at Isle of May in 1881-82. Large flocks seen flying -S. there on Feb. 22nd, and also on 13th and 24th. On March -1st large numbers, taking on the summer plumage, or mostly -adults, after a gale of twenty-four hours, from E. to S.E. (<i>Vide</i> -under <span class="smcap">Turdidæ</span> of this date; same remarks apply here.) Same -day, one Reed Bunting. Snow Buntings continued to show at -intervals all March; two showed on April 15th at Isle of May. -None were seen in May. In autumn, the records are numerous -of Snow Buntings from most of the stations sending returns; -perhaps most so at Pentland Skerries in November. Do not<span class="pagenum" id="Page_15">-15-</span> -bulk so largely at Isle of May. Earliest Sept. 19th, at Isle -of May (the remark, "too early," appended by Mr. Agnew). -No great rush in October along with the other species, but -bulking largely in November at Sumburgh Head, where 250 -showed in three compact flocks on 6th; also at Pentland -Skerries abundant all through the month, but maximum about -the 10th, when fully 1000 were all day on the Island; winds -N.E. to E. and S.E., with some calm days and variable. About -this time departing flocks seen to fly off S.W. and flocks seen to -arrive from the N.E. over the sea. Snow Buntings seem to -arrive at Dunnet Head more frequently with W. and S.W. winds, -and also to a considerable extent with similar wind at Pentland -Skerries. This has been remarked before. After sharp frosts -and N.E. snow-storms they soon appear. Common Bunting is -reported from Isle of May for the first time on Dec. 19th; -Yellow Buntings appeared occasionally in reports at Isle of -May; and the first recorded occurrence at Pentland Skerries on -Dec. 17th and 19th. One remained a week singly—a female—on -Isle of May up to Nov. 4th. Four species of Buntings -appear.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Alaudidæ.</span>—In spring the Skylark is reported "very rare" at -Whalsey; one on March 14th. A few at Isle of May on March -15th; none there on April 3rd: fair S.E. breeze. In autumn -full records, but not before Sept. 11th, at Sumburgh Head, -accompanied by "Rock Larks." Occurred at Sumburgh Head, -Pentland Skerries and Isle of May. Earliest as above, Sept. -11th; latest Dec. 31. Rush from about Sept. 11th to 18th at -Sumburgh Head, and also patent at Isle of May; vast rush most -observed at Bell Rock and Isle of May in October (see under -<a href="#Turdidae"><span class="smcap">Turdidæ</span></a>). At Bell Rock most on Oct. 12th, "Bullfinches, -Blackbirds, Mavises, Larks, Stonechats, Golden-crested Wrens, -Titlarks and Starlings, dead on balcony or fell into sea. Mr. -Jack is sure hundreds must have been killed that night." -Again, on Dec. 20th, Mr. Jack remarks, "largest numbers -of Larks ever seen here; impossible to state numbers seen or -killed; striking hard for hours, like a shower of hail." On Oct. -12th and Dec. 20th loss of life must have been very great; -great flocks of Larks alone at Bell Rock on 16th and again on -31st. Records do not take me beyond this date. One species.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Sturnidæ.</span>—Records of Common Starling comparatively<span class="pagenum" id="Page_16">-16-</span> -scanty. Earliest July 1st at Isle of May, a large flock of young -birds and daily flocks seen, mostly young, to July 29th. On -Aug. 7th a large flock seen coming from the N.; another on -14th. Numbers on Island fall off in September; by the 23rd -but few left. In October only one record at Pentland Skerries, -when two struck; none in November, and two records in December, -on 17th at Pentland Skerries, and on 25th at Isle of May, -when eight were seen. Scarcity of Starlings again (see Report -1881, p. 9) noticeable. One species. The only other British -species is a very rare British bird—the Rose-coloured Starling.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Corvidæ.</span>—I have records from every month in the year but -June. I take them in order. In January one record, a large -flock of Jackdaws seen flying S.W. at Cromarty (probably a -local migration). At Isle of May one Rook on Feb. 12th, flying -W., wind S.W. In March, at Sumburgh Head, two Ravens -("the first seen since the autumn of 1881" here), flying N. with -light S. breeze, and another seen on the 16th in a W. gale. At -Isle of May two Rooks seen on 29th ("never many seen here -together"), light W. breeze. In April, at Bell Rock, four Rooks -seen flying E. over the sea, wind S.E., April 4th; at Isle -of May, on May 14th, four Carrion Crows and thirty-six Hooded -Crows alighted and killed several of Mr. Agnew's lambs; N.E. -gale at the time. At Pentland Skerries two Rooks on Island, -wind fair, S.S.E. In autumn, records from most of the stations -sending returns, from July 26th, at Pentland Skerries, to Dec. -9th, at same place (Ravens). The only, appearance of a rush -was when fifteen Hooded Crows appeared at Pentland Skerries, -but this may only have been local. This was on Oct. 12th, -however, the time of the vast rush of other species. The -Pentland Skerries are regularly visited by Ravens and Hooded -Crows, and occasionally by Rooks, which latter may come across -the North Sea at times, or may simply make local migrations -from Tongue in Sutherlandshire. A few appeared at the Isle of -May also at the time of the vast rush. Five species of <i>Corvidæ</i> -noted. <i>Land Notes.</i>—Mr. Garrioch writes:—"I obtained a male -Jackdaw on Oct. 15th, shot on a peat dyke near Lerwick. Same -evening a large flock of Ravens assembled on the shore at -Sound (?), attracted by a number of Puffins' and Guillemots' -bodies driven ashore by the force of the sea, as also fish of -different sorts which had shared the same fate. The Ravens<span class="pagenum" id="Page_17">-17-</span> -betook themselves to the high cliffs of Bressay. They continued -to pass the same spot during November, December and January, -going westward over the islands every morning at daybreak and -returning at dusk to roost in the same rocks." On Oct. 14th a -Crow took refuge on a vessel—the Danish ship 'Otto' (Capt. -Mortensen)—about eleven miles from St. Abb's Head, and flew -off shoreward on approaching Granton ('Edinburgh Courant,' -Oct. 14th).</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Cypselidæ.</span>—One record only at Sumburgh Head, on Aug. -23rd; light airs N., clear.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Cuculidæ.</span>—We had no entries under this head anywhere on -east coast of Scotland in 1881. At Cromarty, Cuckoo first heard, -April 4th, light E. breeze, clear; and on June 23rd two Cuckoos -were all day on Isle of May, both of which Mr. Agnew secured -for the Isle of May collection, and they were old and young. -Stated by Mr. Agnew to be very rare on Isle of May. One -species. <i>Land Notes.</i>—A Cuckoo was shot on Aug. 30th, at -Glasslaw, Bruchlay, Aberdeenshire (<i>vide</i> W. Horn).</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Strigidæ.</span>—Earliest July 4th, at Pentland Skerries, one -"Horned Owl" (rare). In Sept., at Auskerry, two Short-eared -Owls seen at noon, light variable wind; and in October a pair -remained at same place three days after 28th. One seen at -Pentland Skerries on 12th. Fresh E.S.E. breeze. On Nov. 18th, -at Bell Rock, one Long-eared Owl rested on balcony, fresh S. -breeze; and on 9th one Short-eared Owl seen asleep in grass on -Isle of May, and afterwards shot for Isle of May collection. On -Dec. 19th, at Pentland Skerries, one Grey Owl. Probably only -two species, but possibly three.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Falconidæ</span> occur in almost every month of the year, but -fewer records in spring than in autumn. Many visits are the -result of only local migration in search of food; indeed such -are the great majority of instances, although these must also come -to be distinguished as far as possible from the birds of actual -passage. In spring, frequent in February at several stations, -always on predatory excursions, notably at insular stations, as -Whalsey and Isle of May. In March only two records at some -places, and in April two at the same places, both on the same day—the -23rd. At Whalsey a game Hawk rested, apparently much -fatigued, wind E. and haze. In May one record on 25th, at Isle -of May. In autumn, at Whalsey, Sumburgh Head, Auskerry,<span class="pagenum" id="Page_18">-18-</span> -Bressay, Pentland Skerries, Bell Rock, Isle of May. Records -numerous, though not so great as in 1881. Greatest aggregate -in any one month in October. Most numerous at Pentland -Skerries and Isle of May. Earliest July 29th, at Isle of May, -one small Hawk. Latest through December into Jan., 1883. -Rush, if any can be said to be appreciable, in October. Thus, -such species as game Hawks, large Hawks, large brown Hawks, -dark grey Hawks, &c., appear in the records more abundantly in -October than at other times, whilst Sparrowhawks, Merlin and -Kestrel appear more frequently at other times. The following -species are included, but it would be more satisfactory to obtain -specimens:—Kestrel, Merlin, Sparrowhawk (max.), and those -mentioned above. On Oct. 12th two Hawks were hunting small -birds all night, in the zone of light. Buzzards and Harriers -are also probably included.<a id="FNanchor_3" href="#Footnote_3" class="fnanchor">[3]</a></p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a id="Footnote_3" href="#FNanchor_3" class="label">[3]</a> Difficult to say how many species are intended, but probably at least six.</p> - -</div> - - -<p class="caption3nb">WATER-BIRDS.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Pelecanidæ.</span>—In spring, in May, at Sumburgh Head, ten -Gannets were seen, flying S., at 9.30 a.m., with S.S.E. breeze, -and on 4th thirty-five, also flying S., with S.E. breeze. In -autumn, at Sumburgh Head, Pentland Skerries and Dunnet -Head, observations taken; earliest July 5th, three flying S.E., -mod. N.W. at Sumburgh. On 17th, flying E. all day, fresh S. -showers. Pass and repass Dunnet Head every day till Sept. 15th -in threes and dozens. One species. <i>Other Notes.</i>—From Mr. T. -Anderson, S.S. 'Marathon,' Dec. 27th, 1882.—"This has not -been a very good trip for observations oh birds, the southerly -migration being past; but when off the coast of Portugal, on our -way home, I saw from 150 to 200 Solan Geese in company, and -occasionally finding a shoal of fish. All their movements were -in a northerly direction; when they were done with a shoal -01 fish, they never proceeded S., but always N."</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Ardeidæ.</span>—Common Herons: Stragglers at almost all times; -most records in autumn. That local migration is principally -indicated is seen by the very various directions of flight noted at -some stations, often coming from and returning to the same -points of the compass. These are given in detail in sixteen -schedules and in the ledger from which this report is written. -In spring, April 11th, record at Isle of May, one at Sumburgh<span class="pagenum" id="Page_19">-19-</span> -Head, marked "rare," light S.E. airs; and Herons frequented -the shore off and on at Isle of May, from the date of May 1st to -the first week in September. On 24th three were seen; these -flying N. On June 19th one addition was seen there. In July -two recorded, one flying N. on 31st. In autumn, Aug. 16th, at -Sumburgh Head, one flying W., light E. airs; on 17th three -flying N., light S.E. airs; and on 19th one flying W., light E. -airs. In Sept., at Whalsey, on 14th, one flying W., marked "very -rare so early," wind N., fresh, and at Cromarty "seen daily since -first week in May." At Isle of May on 22nd, in calm and haze, -one "screaming as if lost." Then in October we find on different -dates Herons recorded as flying in all directions: 13th, "came -from S. and returned S.;" 23rd, flying W., wind S.W.; flying -S.W., gale S.E., all night at Bressay, when many other species -struck unseen; 24th, at Isle of May, flying S., and similar records -at various stations all through November. N.B. These ledger -entries may be useful later. One species.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Anatidæ.</span>—Wild Geese: In spring, on March 1st, two were -seen, flying very fast, 1000 feet in the air, crying loudly, before an -E.S.E wind, and settled on the land at Sumburgh Head to rest. -A Brent Goose seen at Isle of May on March 20th, and a large -flock of Geese flying E. accompanied by Curlews at Isle of May, -on April 21st. One Brent ("Sly Goose") at Pentland Skerries, -in June (marked "rare"), flying E. In autumn, at Chanonry, -Sumburgh Head, North Ronaldshay and Isle of May. Earliest -noted, but probably local movement after the birds had taken up -their quarters on Aug. 26th, at Chanonry, when 100 Grey Geese -were seen, fair S.W., clear. Here the general flight is N. or S., -being the "lie" of the Firth; on 28th also 100 seen. Latest -records into January, 1883. Bushes imperceptible, but very -large flocks are mentioned at Isle of May, on December 23rd -and 24th, flying from S.W. to N.E. "Sly Geese" (Brent) are -noted on Oct. 14th, at Sumburgh Head; at Isle of May, thirteen -Wild Geese, flying W. in a single line, on Oct. 2nd, light S. wind, -clear. Two species of Wild Goose. Eider Duck arrived at -breeding haunts at Whalsey Head on March 29th; wind N. and -haze. At Isle of May twenty-three, about equal male and -female, first seen on March 1st, after a gale which had lasted for -twenty-four hours from E. to S.E., and which brought over -Redwings, Lapwings, Rooks, Hoodies, &c. (see <a href="#Turdidae"><span class="smcap">Turdidæ</span></a>). First -<span class="pagenum" id="Page_20">-20-</span> -record at Sumburgh Head is not till April 17th; three seen; -fresh E.N.E. wind. In autumn, at Pentland Skerries, continuous -flocks flying S.E., mostly females, on Oct. 6th (compare with -Report 1881, p. 12). Again, at Sumburgh Head, three (the first -seen), on Nov. 5th, fresh W.; and at Pentland Skerries, on 22nd, -a flock, mixed male and female, flying S.; and on 28th a large -flock, mostly males, about the rocks all day. Of other Ducks -scattered records only: a few Teal, seen on March 1st, at Isle -of May; at Pentland Skerries, Sept. 3rd; and seven on pools on -Island, on Dec. 6th. Grey Ducks (probably Scaup or Pochard) -at Chanonry, where some 400 flying W. were noted. The -records of <span class="smcap">Anatidæ</span> not so voluminous this season as last; -three or four species. On March 23rd fifteen White Swans came -from S., rested on the sea at Sumburgh Head, and flew on N.; -wind fresh, S.W. breeze. Again at same place. Swans flying N. -and crying loudly on April 10th. On May 9th one was shot at -same place. It alighted in a vöe three miles from station, and -was no doubt a weakly bird so late in the spring; fresh S.S.E. -In autumn, records at Sumburgh Head, N. Ronaldshay, Chanonry, -and Isle of May. Earliest Sept. 18th, at Chanonry, when -six were seen; light S.W. and cloudy. At same place, two on -25th and ten on 26th; haze and rain, variable and light N.E. -In November, six flying W. at N. Ronaldshay, strong N.E. and -snow. In December four seen at N. Ronaldshay, fresh E., and -on 28th two seen at N. end of Isle of May. <i>Note.</i>—Look out -always for two sizes of Wild Swan—the large Common Wild -Swan and the lesser Bewick's Swan. If together the two species -are easily distinguishable. <i>Land Notes.</i>—Brent Geese unusually -abundant on the Tay this year, 1881-82 (P. D. Maloch).</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Columbidæ.</span>—<i>Note.</i>—We had no records of Pigeons on E. -coast last season, 1881. This year we have them both in spring -and autumn. We would like to know if all records of "Wood -Pigeon" are strictly correct, and if no veritable Stock Doves -passed on migration.<a id="FNanchor_4" href="#Footnote_4" class="fnanchor">[4]</a> In spring, at Bell Rock, on April 9th, one -"Wood Pigeon" struck and was killed at 10.30 p.m., light -S.S.E.; and at Isle of May one struck and was killed at 2 a.m.,<span class="pagenum" id="Page_21">-21-</span> -light S.E. Again, on May 22nd, one seen at Isle of May, S.E. -clear; and on 29th one, at 6 p.m., seen flying S., light W., clear; -and on June 28th one again, at Isle of May, at 3 p.m., light E., -fog. In autumn, on Sept. 26th, at Isle of May, one, light S.E., -hail and rain; and Nov. 2nd, at Isle of May, one flew S., after -coming to the light; and on 26th another was seen. At Pentland -Skerries one rose off the island and flew W., gale from S.E. -In December, Wood Pigeons occurred at Isle of May under the -following circumstances and dates:—On 3rd, one; on 6th, -thirteen flying S., severe snow-storm; on 12th, thirty, light W. -wind, thick fog; on 13th, fifty-one in lighthouse garden, eating -ravenously; severe snow-storm from the 6th to 9th, and hard -frost until 16th; on 14th-15th, hundreds seen. A rush caused -by local stress of weather, or they may have come directly across -seas. (<i>Note.</i>—I have elsewhere noted the arrivals of Wood -Pigeons from Norway, as seen by me on the Fifeshire coast, and -the S. trend of their flight, as soon as they came over the land; -and I have given the above records in detail, as I think they will -be useful again.) Besides Wood Pigeons, I have two records of -Rock Doves,—one at Pentland Skerries, seen flying N., with -light S. wind, at 3 p.m., on Nov. 8th; and one on Dec. 1st, at -midnight, at Dunnet Head, fresh S.S.E., thick haze and rain; -probably only local movements. Two species recorded. <i>Land -Notes.</i>—About a dozen "Small Pigeons," which "may," Mr. -Garrioch thinks, "have been Wood Pigeons," were seen in the -Island of Yell at the end of October, and from other quarters. -Mr. Garrioch was informed of flights of "strange birds seen from -the off-lying islands flying off in a southerly direction."</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a id="Footnote_4" href="#FNanchor_4" class="label">[4]</a> See a paper by me on the "Increase and Extension of Range of the -Stock Dove," read before the Royal Physical Society of Edinburgh, Feb., -1883. They are seen in large migratory flocks on the mainland in May—as -in the Carse of Gowrie—in some seasons, and I have received specimens this -spring and winter from two localities in this county—Stirlingshire.</p> - -</div> - -<p><span class="smcap">Rallidæ.</span>—Records of Corn Crake scarce. In May, first -heard at Cromarty on 14th. In September one killed at light at -Pentland Skerries on 20th, light N.E. and cloudy, indicating -possibly date of departure from the Orkneys. <i>Land Note.</i>—I am -credibly informed that the Corn Crake was heard in two different -localities in N. Uist about March 18th, 1882; Mr. Alex. Carmichael, -who is studying the Natural History of the Long Island, -himself heard one. Very late occurrences of this species are -also on record in previous years, such as at Tyree on Nov. 24th, -1880, evidently wounded or disabled birds (W. Craibe Angus, -who exhibited the bird at a late meeting of the Glasg. Nat. Hist. -Soc.); and another, dating Dec. 17th, 1882, is recorded from<span class="pagenum" id="Page_22">-22-</span> -Ireland in 'The Zoologist,' April, 1883, p. 177. It seems quite -probable that some birds detained from migrating may remain -all winter in the milder portions of Great Britain, and that early -spring records may thus, in many cases, be accounted for.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Charadriadæ.</span>—Golden Plover: in spring, one record at -Sumburgh Head; three seen, light S. breeze and cloudy, at -10.30 a.m. In autumn, at Sumburgh Head, Pentland Skerries, -Dunnet Head, Isle of May. Smaller movement in 1882 than in -1881. Earliest recorded, Aug. 7th, at Pentland Skerries; a -flock. Latest, at same place, on Dec. 18th; a single bird. -Rushes scarcely appreciable, except 120 birds on Oct. 15th, at -Sumburgh Head; S.S.E. gale and rain; and a large flock (?) at -Dunnet Head on Oct. 2nd. At Sumburgh Head also about forty -on Nov. 12th. Oystercatcher: in spring "Sea-pyots" arrived -here, Whalsey, on March 3rd at night, with strong E.S.E. breeze -and clear. Two seen, first time, at Isle of May on April 2nd. In -autumn, after remaining on Whalsey, left between Aug. 13th and -18th, during a fog and fresh S.E. breeze; and on 13th, at Isle -of May, one large flock of young were seen, light S. and haze. -On Sept. 14th a flock flew about Pentland Skerries all day in -light N. breeze. Beyond these I have no other records. Of -Lapwing, a record or two on Feb. 13th and 24th, after S.W. gale -on 13th; and 26th, stragglers? In spring, at Whalsey ("very -rare"), Sumburgh Head, Bell Rock, and Isle of May. Earliest -in spring, March 2nd, at Isle of May, after a gale from E. to S.E. -for twenty-four hours (see under <a href="#Turdidae"><span class="smcap">Turdidæ</span></a> of date); 3rd, eight -seen; large numbers again on 20th. Latest on June 19th, four, -with light S.E. and haze. Two only in May at Isle of May, and -these appeared with light N.E. wind. In April a few passed on -3rd, 9th, and 10th, in easterly winds, or rested. In autumn, at -Pentland Skerries, Chanonry, and Isle of May. Earliest, Aug. -17th, one seen, light W. wind. Latest, a few in December, at -Pentland Skerries, flying W. Bushes inappreciable, unless -Sept. 14th, at Chanonry, forty seen; and on 28th, at Isle of May, -twenty-seven seen, in light S.S.E. wind. <i>Land Notes.</i>—On -April 16th Lapwings were still going in flocks in the central -counties of Scotland. At the River Pattack, in S. Inverness-shire, -I saw distinctly a Whimbrel (<i>Numenius phæopus</i>) twice, on -May 24th. (Possibly an addition to the birds of Inverness shire.) -See under W. coast also.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_23">-23-</span></p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Scolopacidæ.</span>—Curlew: in spring, a number of records at -Sumburgh Head, Pentland Skerries, Bell Rock, Isle of May. -Earliest, at Isle of May ("unusual at this season"), one seen, -light W. wind and clear. Latest, at Isle of May, a number seen -on June 28th, light E. fog. As early as May 23rd one young -one seen on rocks at Isle of May (this properly belongs to autumn -migration; result abnormal, perhaps owing to unusually early -season, after a mild winter). General movement continuing all -July, and difficult to separate spring and autumn manœuvres. -As will be seen others of the <i>Scolopacidæ</i> make early appearances -also this season (Woodcock, Snipe, &c.). In autumn, a large -movement of Curlews between Pentland Skerries and Isle of -May. To the N. of Pentland Skerries very few observed. -Earliest (if we take July), July 10th, at Pentland Skerries, one -heard. Latest, also at Pentland Skerries, on Dec. 7th, a flock, -strong E. Rushes spasmodical and frequent in July and August. -<i>Note.</i>—Between Oct. 14th and 19th, strong S. gale, moderate on -20th, at Pentland Skerries. Sept. 22nd, October and December, -but almost inappreciable in numbers. Woodcock, a few in -spring, but a steady record in autumn. In spring, one record -at Isle of May on April 9th; "not remembered to have been seen -here before at this season." In autumn, at Whalsey, Sumburgh -Head, N. Ronaldshay, Pentland Skerries, and Isle of May. -Earliest, Oct. 8th (N.B., commencement of vast migration before -noted), two seen at N. Ronaldshay, S.E. fresh; continued in -small numbers through 12th, 13th, 14th, 15th, 19th, 25th (co-existent -with rush of other species), at most stations on -E. coast sending returns. Latest, on Dec. 4th, at Pentland -Skerries. Evident rush on Oct. 13th at Isle of May, when no -less than twenty were shot there. On Isle of May a record in -November says, "very unusual so late," when three were seen. -Of Snipe, only one record at Isle of May in spring, on April 5th, -with the remark, "very unusual at this season." Autumn, at -Sumburgh Head and Whalsey (only two records), and at Pentland -Skerries and Isle of May. Earliest, several on Aug. 17th, -at Pentland Skerries; and 6th, one at Isle of May, strong W., -clear (remark, "very early"). Latest, on Dec. 19th, at Pentland -Skerries, six seen, strong S.W. Scarcely a rush appreciable. -Jack Snipes are recorded on Sept. 25th and 27th, at Isle of May, -with light S. and S.E. breeze.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_24">-24-</span></p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Scolopacidæ</span> (Waders).—Earliest, "Plovers Pages" or -"Plovers Leaders" (Dunlin, J. A. H. B.), Aug. 10th, at Isle -of May; latest, Redshanks, Dec. 7th, at Isle of May. "Sandlarks" -and "Pipers" appeared at Chanonry, Aug. 30th, when -one was seen, and disappeared on Oct. 13th. (Probably the -Common Sandpiper, but "Pipers" is a name used generically -for many species.) If any rush, apparent on Sept. 19th, 20th, -and 26th, at Chanonry. Numbers on these dates: 90, 90, and -290; but this is deceptive, and not to be relied upon as a -statistic, Waders movements are so erratic. Returns of -"Pipers," "Waders," "Redshanks," and "Sandlarks," are -given from several stations. Probably seven or eight species of -Waders. <i>Land Notes.</i>—Rare occurrences. Pectoral Sandpiper -(<i>Tringa maculata</i>, Vieill.) shot at The Ross Priory, mouth of the -Endrick River, Loch Lomond, by Sir Geo. Leith Buchanan, Bart., -on Nov. 24th, 1882. There seems to be a line of country across -this part of Scotland where rare things turn up, witness:—Desert -Chat, at Alloa; Blue-throated Warbler, Isle of May; -Great Grey Shrikes, commonly; and others. (See General -Remarks, <i>infra</i>.)</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Sterninæ.</span>—In spring. Terns arrived at breeding haunts at -Whalsey on May 19th, on island, all day long; came from S.E., -with S.E. wind and clear; seen again on 28th (same date as -1881). At Sumburgh Head on June 2nd, and five on 6th. At -Cromarty, Lesser Tern arrived at 2 p.m. on June 11th, strong -N. and clear; and more on 15th. In autumn, Whalsey, Sumburgh -Head, Pentland Skerries, Cromarty, Isle of May. Earliest, -for two minutes or so heard passing over the lights at 10.30, at -Sumburgh Head, light E. airs and thin haze. On Aug. 15th all -left Whalsey, light S. breeze, haze and fog. "Leave Pentland -Skerries about Aug. 30th." Lesser Tern left Cromarty on Aug. -29th; three seen flying south at Sumburgh Head on Sept. 4th -(the only record in that month this year). One more record on -Nov. 26th at Pentland Skerries, a flock on island all day. Two -species. <i>Note.</i>—Look out for the Sandwich Tern,—a large Tern, -much larger than the Common Tern; goes up the Fife and -Forfar coasts in spring.—J. A. H. B.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Laridæ.</span>—In spring, "Chasers" (Skuas), one on May 28th, -at Portland Skerries ("rare here"), E.S.E. breeze. ("Picked -up limpets thrown at it by the men.") He speaks of these<span class="pagenum" id="Page_25">-25-</span> -as "Chasers," but in autumn of "Skuas or Norwegian Gulls, -very rare." Of Skuas there are four species known in Scotland, -<i>viz.</i>, the Great Skua, or Bonxie of Shetland; the Richardson's -Skua, or commonest species; the Long-tailed, or Buffon's Skua, -with very long centre tail-feathers; and the Pomatorhine Skua, -with curious recurved tail-feathers. Perhaps this note may be -of service in future in separating them. The Bonxie and the -Pomatorhine are rare. In autumn, Skua, or "Dirty Allan," at -Isle of May on Oct. 15th, one seen, and well described; and three -seen of "Skua," or "Norwegian Gull," at Pentland Skerries on -19th, and again on 29th. Kittiwakes are recorded, Aug. 5th, at -Isle of May; large numbers. <i>Note.</i>—Most of birds breeding on -Isle of May had left by this time, but a number of Kittiwakes -remain still; all left by 25th, however. Great Black-backed -Gulls noted passing S. past Isle of May on Aug. 13th. "Large -White Gulls" (glaucous?) often wheeling round, Aug. 25th, for -two or three days; and a large flight came from N., and flew S. -past Isle of May, on Oct. 24th. "Iceland Gulls" at Sumburgh -Head, on Dec. 1st and 8th, after gales and rain. Gulls, -enormous numbers (and Gannets) passed Isle of May, Sept. 30th. -Herring Gulls, a movement S. past Isle of May all day, on 10th. -Lesser Black-backed Gulls (called "Lady Ann Gulls ") flying -S.E., and numbers on the 14th and 18th. Iceland Gulls (with -Swans), two seen at Sumburgh Head, Dec. 25th, and one (last -record) on Dec. 8th. The Larger Glaucous Gull is not always -easily distinguished from the Lesser Iceland Gull; both being -very white, however, and are in relationship to one another as -the Great Black-backed Gull is to the Lesser Black-backed Gull. -Land Notes.—At Lerwick a large flock of Common Gulls passed -northward in the evening, flying very low, on Oct. 13th.—(J. T. G.)</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Procellariidæ.</span>—One Stormy Petrel record; two seen at -noon at Auskerry on Sept. 29th; light variable breezes.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Alcidæ.</span>—In spring, records from Whalsey, Sumburgh Head, -and Isle of May. On Feb. 1st, large numbers of Razorbills and -Marrots appeared at Isle of May, light S. breeze; and again on -March 18th; and a great increase on May 3rd; light S.E. -Black Guillemots appeared at Whalsey during the night of -March 2nd, with light E.S.E. breeze, and clear (called "Tysties"). -At Sumburgh Head, Guillemots (or "Marrots") arrived on<span class="pagenum" id="Page_26">-26-</span> -March 18th, a fortnight later than in 1881. In autumn, a -general migration of Rock Birds, between Aug. 13th and 18th, -during a fog (Why do birds apparently often choose a fog to -depart in?), light S.E. (or is it always more to do with direction -of the wind at the time?). See back. At Pentland Skerries, -continuous streams of Guillemots flying E. through the N. -Pentland Firth. Little Auks, one in E. gale on Nov. 16th, close -to Isle of May, and more resting on 18th; and a few in a severe -snow-storm on Dec. 7th, at same place. Four species of <i>Alcidæ</i>.</p> - -<p>Of unknown birds I have left out notices this year, though -keeping note of them for further use, as they may come to be -identified later.</p> -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter"> -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_27">-27-</span></p> - -<h2 class="nobreak" id="EAST_COAST_OF_ENGLAND">EAST COAST OF ENGLAND.</h2> -</div> - - -<p><span class="smcap">Printed</span> forms of enquiry and letters of instruction were sent -to thirty-six lighthouses and light-vessels on the East Coast of -England, and two stations on the Channel Islands,—thirty-eight -altogether, against thirty-six in 1881,—and returns have been -received from thirty, a result which is very encouraging.</p> - -<p>Independent reports have also been sent in from Heligoland, -Seaton-Carew, and Redcar, Flamborough, Spurn, North-East -Lincolnshire, and Northrepps, making a total of thirty-seven -reporting stations, against thirty-two in 1881.</p> - -<p>I have again to thank H. Gätke, T. H. Nelson, C. Donald -Thompson, Matthew Bailey, William Eagle Clarke, H. Bendelack -Hewetson, M.D., and J. H. Gurney, jun., for their general kind -co-operation and assistance in the enquiry.</p> - -<p>Special thanks are also given to all my kind and painstaking -observers on the lighthouses and light-vessels whose names are -given in the report. While thanks are due to all, it may perhaps -be not invidious to mention the very excellent returns received -from the Farne Island stations, the Longstone and Inner Farne -lighthouses, no less than eleven well-filled schedules having been -sent in.</p> - -<p>The east coast stations are as follows, those making returns -being marked with a star (*):—</p> - -<p>† For nature of light, and position and description of station, see report -for 1880.</p> - -<table summary="stations"> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">*Longstone <span class="allsmcap">L.H.</span>†</td> - <td class="tdl">Thomas O. Hall & James W. Parsons.</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">*Inner Farne <span class="allsmcap">L.H.</span></td> - <td class="tdl">Thomas H. Cutting.</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">*No. 5 Buoy, Teesmouth <span class="allsmcap">L.V.</span></td> - <td class="tdl">Henry Harbord.</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">*Coquet Island <span class="allsmcap">L.H.</span></td> - <td class="tdl">William Evans.</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">*Whitby High <span class="allsmcap">L.H.</span></td> - <td class="tdl">John Odgers.</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">*Flamborough Head <span class="allsmcap">L.H.</span></td> - <td class="tdl">Charles Hood.</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">*Spurn <span class="allsmcap">L.H.</span></td> - <td class="tdl">James B. Smith.</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">*Spurn (Newsand) <span class="allsmcap">L.V.</span></td> - <td class="tdl">W. Edwards.</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">*Outer Dowsing <span class="allsmcap">L.V.</span></td> - <td class="tdl">William Stock.<span class="pagenum" id="Page_28">-28-</span></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">*Inner Dowsing <span class="allsmcap">L.V.</span></td> - <td class="tdl">William King.</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">*Dudgeon <span class="allsmcap">L.V.</span></td> - <td class="tdl">Thomas Dale.</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">*Llyn Wells <span class="allsmcap">L.V.</span></td> - <td class="tdl">The Principal.</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">*Hunstanton <span class="allsmcap">L.H.</span></td> - <td class="tdl">William Westmoreland.</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">*Cromer <span class="allsmcap">L.H.</span></td> - <td class="tdl">Richard Comben.</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">*Hasbro' <span class="allsmcap">L.V.</span></td> - <td class="tdl">John Nicholas & B. Darnell.</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl"> Leman & Ower <span class="allsmcap">L.V.</span></td> - <td>..</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl"> Hasbro' <span class="allsmcap">L.H.</span></td> - <td>..</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">*Newarp <span class="allsmcap">L.V.</span></td> - <td class="tdl">Cornelius Campbell & William Rees (mate).</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">*Winterton <span class="allsmcap">L.H.</span></td> - <td class="tdl">John Watson.</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">*Cockle <span class="allsmcap">L.V.</span></td> - <td class="tdl">Samuel Pender & Charles Perfrement.</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">*Corton <span class="allsmcap">L.V.</span></td> - <td class="tdl">William John Cotton.</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">*Orfordness <span class="allsmcap">L.H.</span></td> - <td class="tdl">Wm. Wilby Woodruff.</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">*Shipwash <span class="allsmcap">L.V.</span></td> - <td class="tdl">William Bonken.</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">*Languard Point <span class="allsmcap">L.H.</span></td> - <td class="tdl">Owen Boyle.</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">*Galloper <span class="allsmcap">L.V.</span></td> - <td class="tdl">William Littlewood.</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl"> Kentish Knock</td> - <td>..</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">*Swin Middle <span class="allsmcap">L.V.</span></td> - <td class="tdl">Thomas Barrett.</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">*Tongue <span class="allsmcap">L.V.</span></td> - <td class="tdl">John Webber.</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl"> Nore <span class="allsmcap">L.V.</span></td> - <td>..</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl"> North Foreland <span class="allsmcap">L.H.</span></td> - <td>..</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl"> North Sand Head <span class="allsmcap">L.V.</span></td> - <td>..</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">*Gull <span class="allsmcap">L.V.</span></td> - <td class="tdl">Francis Harvey & Joseph Jenkins.</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">*South Sand Head <span class="allsmcap">L.V.</span></td> - <td class="tdl">J. C. Leggett & George Woodward.</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">*East Side <span class="allsmcap">L.V.</span></td> - <td class="tdl">Edward le Gallais & Thomas Rees.</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl"> South Foreland <span class="allsmcap">L.H.</span></td> - <td>..</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">*Hanois <span class="allsmcap">L.H.</span> (Guernsey)</td> - <td class="tdl">Charles Williams.</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl"> Casquets <span class="allsmcap">L.H.</span> (Alderney)</td> - <td>..</td> -</tr> -</table> - - -<p class="caption3nb">SEPARATE REPORT ON EACH SPECIES.</p> - -<p>Mistletoe Thrush, <i>Turdus viscivorus</i>, Linn.—Longstone <span class="allsmcap">L.H.</span>, -Nov. 10th and 11th, N.W. to N.N.E., several each day, with Ring -Ouzels.</p> - -<p>Song Thrush, <i>T. musicus</i>, Linn.—Spring, 1882: Heligoland, -Feb. 21st, Mr. Gätke remarks, "musicus: some in my garden, -25th, S.S.W., several. March 2nd, a few. April 12th, S.S.W., -a few; 22nd, pretty numerous; on 23rd, S.S.E. and S., with -Ring Ouzels, the two in departing mounting up in the atmosphere -till lost to sight; 29th, some also with Ring Ouzels." -Cromer <span class="allsmcap">L.H.</span>, May 14th, two killed against lantern at midnight. -Autumn; Heligoland, Sept. 13th, first Thrushes, and at intervals,<span class="pagenum" id="Page_29">-29-</span> -but sparingly to November;<a id="FNanchor_5" href="#Footnote_5" class="fnanchor">[5]</a> and the whole of this latter month -along with Fieldfares almost every night pouring overhead; -during daytime rarely any. On the English coast, from the -Inner Farne <span class="allsmcap">L.H.</span>, Sept. 27th, to the Galloper <span class="allsmcap">L.V.</span>, Dec. 20th, -twenty from 8 to 9 p.m., two struck and killed; and at the former -station they continued to pass through December, and from -Jan. 8rd to 15th in 1883, along with Fieldfares and Blackbirds. -The great rush was on the nights of 12th and 13th October, very -great numbers being observed at stations from the Longstone -<span class="allsmcap">L.H.</span> to Galloper <span class="allsmcap">L.V.</span>, easterly winds, fog and drizzling rain over -North Sea.</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a id="Footnote_5" href="#FNanchor_5" class="label">[5]</a> Mr. Gätke's notes are not continued beyond Nov. 30th.</p> - -</div> - -<p>Redwing, <i>T. iliacus</i>, Linn.—Spring, 1882: Great Cotes, second -week in March, returning to coast. Autumn: First, South Sand -Head <span class="allsmcap">L.V.</span> (Goodwin), Sept. 28th, forty to fifty to N.W. Longstone -<span class="allsmcap">L.H.</span>, Oct. 8th; Spurn, 13th and 25th, adult males; "rush" -Oct. 13th. Heligoland, Oct. 18th, S.E., great many; 19th, multitudes -passing overhead, and at intervals to Nov. 7th.</p> - -<p>Fieldfare, <i>T. pilaris</i>, Linn.—Spring, 1882: Heligoland, Jan. -17th and 18th, W., hazy, great many to E.; Feb. 20th and 21st, -small flights, twenty to thirty; March 2nd, great flights overhead. -Great Cotes, April 10th, flock, 120 to 150. Autumn: Heligoland, -Sept. 13th, S.-S.W., thunder-storm with heavy rain, a very great -flight; all through November at night with Thrushes. On -English coast. Farne Inner <span class="allsmcap">L.H.</span>, Sept. 27th, one, and subsequently -at intervals to end of the year. Whitby <span class="allsmcap">L.H.</span>, Oct. 12th, -all night; 13th, less. Rush from 11th to 14th December between -Farne Islands and Teesmouth, and again 13th to 15th January, -1883, but are not recorded anywhere south of Humber.</p> - -<p>Blackbird, <i>T. merula</i>, Linn.—Spring, 1882: Dudgeon <span class="allsmcap">L.V.</span>, -Feb. 8th, 6 p.m., with Larks. Heligoland, Feb. 21st, N.N.W. to -N., "some in garden"; 25th, S.S.W., some; March 13th and -14th, a few. Cromer <span class="allsmcap">L.H.</span>, March 17th, 11 p.m., one struck. -Autumn: Heligoland, last week in October to end of November. -English coast, first, Hanois <span class="allsmcap">L.H.</span> (Guernsey), Sept. 19th, 10 p.m., -to Jan. 15th, at Inner Farne <span class="allsmcap">L.H.</span> Great "rush," nights of -Oct. 10th and 13th; second "rush" Nov. 11th, Spurn <span class="allsmcap">L.V.</span>, -Hanois <span class="allsmcap">L.H.</span>, 11th, midnight, and 13th all night; third "rush," -Farne Inner <span class="allsmcap">L.H.</span>, Dec. 13th, 14th and 15th, and at same station<span class="pagenum" id="Page_30">-30-</span> -through December and in less numbers to Jan. 15th, 1883. At -Great Cotes during night of Sept. 28th, S.W. to W., rain, great -many young cocks came in. Swin Middle <span class="allsmcap">L.V.</span>, Oct. 6th, from -7 p.m. to 3 a.m., about one hundred came to lantern and twenty -were killed, all young cocks. Spurn <span class="allsmcap">L.V.</span>, Nov. 11th, noon, large -flock from S.E. to N.W. Spurn, Oct. 25th, adult males.</p> - -<p>King Ouzel, <i>T. torquatus</i>, Linn.—Spring: Farne Inner <span class="allsmcap">L.H.</span>, -April 23rd and 24th, one each day. Heligoland, April 22nd, -many; 23rd, same; and on 29th, some. Autumn: Heligoland, -Sept. 17th, E.-N.E., calm, some; and at intervals to Nov. 7th, -an unusually late date, which, however, corresponds with arrivals -on English coast; Sept. 10th, at Cromer, to Nov. 10th and 11th, -at Longstone <span class="allsmcap">L.H.</span>, several afternoon of each day. Great rush -Oct. 12th and 13th from the mouth of the Tees to Spurn, old -cock birds. Were very numerous in the neighbourhood of Spurn -all through October, all being mature males.</p> - -<p>Common Wheatear, <i>Saxicola œnanthe</i> (Linn.).—Spring: Farne -Inner <span class="allsmcap">L.H.</span>, March 22nd, 1882, 3 p.m., two. Spurn, 29th, many. -Heligoland, April 8th, numerous fine old males; 12th, some at -lighthouse. At 5th Buoy Tees <span class="allsmcap">L.V.</span>, April 10th to 29th, several -coming from E.S.E. towards land, wind N.E. to N.W. Autumn: -Heligoland, June 29th, pretty numerous, young birds of the year. -On the English coast, from Aug. 12th, at the Farne Inner <span class="allsmcap">L.H.</span>, -several, to Spurn, Oct. 7th, E., rain, evening, several round lantern. -Passed across Heligoland in large numbers in September; some -on Oct. 10th, "great old males."</p> - -<p>Eastern Pied Chat, <i>S. morio</i>, Ehr.—Heligoland, early in June, -a fine adult male shot.</p> - -<p>Whinchat, <i>Pratincola rubetra</i> (Linn.).—Great Cotes, August, -last week, some number of young birds. Spurn, Oct. 15th, all day. -Heligoland, from Aug. 6th, young birds, and throughout month.</p> - -<p>Stonechat, <i>P. rubicola</i>,—Spring: Heligoland, Feb. 27th, 1882, -two or three; 28th, several; March 1st, one fine old male. -Autumn: Great Cotes, first week in September, many young; -October and November, old birds, sparingly.</p> - -<p>Redstart, <i>Ruticilla phœnicurus</i> (Linn.).—Spring: Inner Farne -<span class="allsmcap">L.H.</span>, April 22nd and 23rd, some with Wheatears. Autumn: -Spurn, Sept. 7th, one. Longstone <span class="allsmcap">L.H.</span>, 14th, N.E., 5 p.m., on -rocks. Yarmouth, 22nd, a few; and from Oct. 7th to 13th a few -from the Farne Islands southward to Spurn. Have been comparatively<span class="pagenum" id="Page_31">-31-</span> -scarce compared with the large numbers which accompanied -the Wheatears on their southward migration up the coast -in the autumns of 1880 and 1881. Across Heligoland from Aug. -10th to first week in October; on the 5th, great many, with -Wheatears, wind E., fresh.</p> - -<p>Blackstart, <i>R. titys</i> (Scop.).—Heligoland, March 13th to -14th, one; 17th, eight to ten; and to April 8th, daily, some. -Autumn: Spurn, Oct. 29th, one, adult female; stomach contained -remains of Coleoptera, entire ants, and two large seeds. -Migrates earlier in the spring and later in the autumn than the -Redstart.</p> - -<p>Red-spotted Bluethroat, <i>Cyanecula suecica</i> (Linn.).—Heligoland, -Sept. 16th, E.N.E., in great numbers, with Redstarts, Goldcrests, -Wheatears, &c.; 20th, S.E., fresh, many; 23rd, very -numerous. At Spurn, Sept. 11th, two immature, one obtained. -It appears yet to be an open question with ornithologists whether -the young of suecica are distinguishable from those of leucocyana -in the plumage of the first year; the Spurn bird therefore may -be an example of the Central European form, the White-spotted -Bluethroat.</p> - -<p>Redbreast, <i>Erithacus rubecula</i> (Linn.).—Spring: Heligoland, -March 13th and 14th, several; April 8th, 22nd and 23rd, some. -Autumn: across island, from Sept. 8th, N., calm, overcast, -through October, in large numbers; great rush, Oct. 17th, 18th -and 19th; again on 27th and 28th. At Orfordness and Languard -Point lighthouses and Ship wash <span class="allsmcap">L.V.</span>, on Sept. 20th, and from -Oct. 6th to 25th between the Longstone <span class="allsmcap">L.H.</span> and East Goodwin -<span class="allsmcap">L.V.</span>, in great numbers. Great rush Oct. 8th, and again night of -13th at many stations and in large numbers. At the Galloper -<span class="allsmcap">L.V.</span>, on 6th, with Wrens.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Sylviinæ.</span>—Whitethroat, <i>Sylvia cinerea</i> (Linn.), Hanois <span class="allsmcap">L.H.</span>, -April 16th, 3 a.m., some killed. Heligoland, April 22nd and 23rd, -S.S.E. and S., some. Spurn <span class="allsmcap">L.H.</span>, May 7th, 11 p.m., misty, rain, -one killed. Cromer <span class="allsmcap">L.H.</span>, June 17th, 9.50 p.m., 6 a.m., two and -a Wren killed. Autumn: Cromer <span class="allsmcap">L.H.</span>, July 18th, 3 a.m., S.W., -seven stunned. During September and first week in October at -several stations during night. Blackcap, <i>S. atricapilla</i> (Linn.), -Heligoland, April 23rd, some; 28th, many. Lesser Whitethroat, -<i>S. curruca</i> (Linn.), also some. Heligoland, in the autumn. Whitethroats -on Aug. 6th, and through September in great numbers<span class="pagenum" id="Page_32">-32-</span> -to Oct. 7th. Garden Warbler from Aug. 19th to end of September. -Blackcap as late as Oct. 27th.</p> - -<p>Golden-crested Wren, <i>Regulus cristatus</i>, Koch.—Spring, 1882: -Heligoland, March 13th and 14th, several, and on to April 12th. -Autumn: the autumn of 1882 will be long remembered amongst -ornithologists from the extraordinary immigration of Goldcrests -on to the east coasts of Scotland and England. On the east coast -of England the migration extended over ninety-two days, commencing -Aug. 6th. Cromer <span class="allsmcap">L.H.</span>, midnight, two stunned against -lantern, and a week later at Redcar, Aug. 13th, wind S.W., forty -to fifty, at 8 a.m., seen on the breakwater, and forward, at -many stations and in immense numbers, to Nov. 5th, Cockle -<span class="allsmcap">L.V.</span>, 5 a.m., one caught against glass. They arrived somewhat -sparingly in August and through September, and day -after day in enormous numbers in October; in this month they -are recorded at twenty-one stations between the Farne Islands -and the Hanois <span class="allsmcap">L.H.</span>, off Guernsey. There appear to have been -two great rushes, one on the night of Oct. 7th and morning of -8th, and again on night of 12th and morning of 13th, the latter -with the Woodcock.<a id="FNanchor_6" href="#Footnote_6" class="fnanchor">[6]</a> Many also are likewise reported during the -month to have alighted on fishing-boats, steam-vessels, &c., in the -North Sea. At Heligoland, on Oct. 8th, all the island swarmed -with them; they had also been exceedingly numerous there from -Sept. 8th, continuing also to arrive and depart throughout -October, and on the night from 28th to 29th Mr. Gätke remarks, -"a perfect storm of Goldcrests we have had,—poor little souls!—perching -on the ledges of the window-panes of the lantern of our -lighthouse, preening their feathers in the glare of the lamps; on -the 29th all the island swarmed with them, filling the gardens -everywhere, and over all the cliff—hundreds of thousands; by -9 a.m. most of them had passed on again." On English coast, -Farne Inner <span class="allsmcap">L.H.</span>, Oct. 8th, "never remember seeing so many at -one time." Whitby <span class="allsmcap">L.H.</span>, 8th and 12th, "great rush." Flamborough, -7th to 14th, "never more seen." Spurn, 7th to 8th, -"in turnip-fields, hedges, and everywhere, never more seen." -Great Cotes, 8th, great many everywhere, and even on the piles -of timber on the dock-quays and timber-yards at Grimsby. -Dudgeon <span class="allsmcap">L.V.</span>, 12th, "flock to W." Cromer <span class="allsmcap">L.H.</span>, 10th and 12th,<span class="pagenum" id="Page_33">-33-</span> -latter night "large flocks," and at other stations, too numerous -to detail, in large numbers. General direction E. to W., and -E.S.E. to W.N.W., winds easterly over North Sea nights of 7th -and 12th, with fogs and drizzling rain on latter night. These -small wanderers reached the land in a very exhausted state, and -great numbers are supposed to have perished in mid-passage.</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a id="Footnote_6" href="#FNanchor_6" class="label">[6]</a> At this date the stream of Goldcrests extended quite across England, -the Irish Channel, and into Ireland.</p> - -</div> - -<p>It is curious that the Fire-crested Wren, <i>R. ignicapillus</i> (C. L. -Brehm), has not been observed at Heligoland during the autumn, -although generally it is tolerably numerous.</p> - -<p>At the Newarp <span class="allsmcap">L.V.</span>, in March and April, 1883, an immense migration -of various birds was observed almost day by day; amongst -those on April 14th three Golden-crested Wrens going eastward.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Phylloscopinæ.</span>—Spring: East Yorkshire, Chiffchaff, <i>Phylloscopus -collybita</i> (Vieill.), March 13th. Willow Wren, P. trochilus -(Linn.), Heligoland, April 22nd and 23rd, some. Autumn: Spurn -and East Lincolnshire, first week in September, many; latest. -Spurn, Oct. 25th. Chiffchaff also at Spurn on 29th. Heligoland, -Willow Wren, Aug. 15th, some, and forward in great numbers to -Oct. 19th. Chiffchaff, Sept. 21st, and a great number at intervals -to Oct. 27th. Wood Wren, <i>P. sibilatrix</i> (Bechst.), Oct. 27th, one. -Yellow-browed Warbler, <i>P. superciliosus</i> (Gm.), Oct. 23rd, W., one; -27th, S.W., one seen.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Acrocephalinæ.</span>—Spring: Spurn, May 29th, 11 p.m., misty, -two Reed Warblers, <i>Acrocephalus streperus</i> (Vieill.), killed against -lantern; Spurn, Aug. 20th, midnight, three old males killed; -Great Cotes, Sept. 2nd, in bean-fields. On Sept. 12th, 1881, two -Grasshopper Warblers, <i>Locustella nævia</i> (Bodd.), were killed in the -night against the lantern of Spurn lighthouse (omitted in report -for 1881). Heligoland, Sept. 19th, one Grasshopper Warbler.</p> - -<p>Hedgesparrow, <i>Accentor modularis</i> (Linn.).—Spring: Heligoland, -March 12th, some; 13th and 14th, some; 20th to April 12th, -daily some. Autumn: At Spurn and in East Lincolnshire great -numbers were observed during the first fortnight in September. -Spurn, Oct. 8th, most abundant, and on the Lincolnshire side, -same date, extraordinary numbers; in some localities, as stack-yards -and marsh hedgerows, swarming. Heligoland, Sept. 20th, -S.E., beginning to arrive; 22nd, great many; on Oct. 6th and -7th, marvellous numbers; also on 8th, and continuing to arrive -and pass forward in very great numbers up to the 29th. It will -be seen that their extraordinary abundance at Spurn and in<span class="pagenum" id="Page_34">-34-</span> -East Lincolnshire on Oct. 8th corresponds with the immense -flight at Heligoland at the same period, Oct. 6th, 7th and 8th. -At Languard Point, on March 1st, 1883, a large flock was seen -at 12.30 p.m., going eastward.</p> - -<p>Bearded Reedling, <i>Panurus biarmicus</i> (Linn.).—Heligoland, -Oct. 9th, S.S.E., later thick and hazy, one, a male.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Paridæ.</span>—Autumn: Heligoland, Blue Titmouse, <i>Parus cœrulæus</i>, -Linn., Sept. 20th, beginning; Oct. 23rd, some. Great -Titmouse, <i>P. major</i>, Linn., Oct. 7th, a sprinkling; 8th, numerous; -14th, great many. Coal Titmouse, <i>P. ater</i>, Linn., one on Oct. 15th; -<i>Paridæ</i> continuing to pass up to 29th. Languard Point <span class="allsmcap">L.H.</span>, -Oct. 29th, one Long-tailed Titmouse. Galloper <span class="allsmcap">L.V.</span>, Oct. 8th, one -Titmouse dead on deck. Farne Inner <span class="allsmcap">L.H.</span>, Oct. 13th, E.S.E., -Great and Blue Titmouse, old males, many. 5 Buoy Tees <span class="allsmcap">L.V.</span>, -13th, 3 p.m., five on board. Newarp <span class="allsmcap">L.V.</span>, several on deck, with -Goldcrests and Redbreasts. Two "rushes," Oct. 8th and 13th, -with Goldcrests.</p> - -<p>Common Wren, <i>Troglodytes parvulus</i>, Koch.—Spring: Flamborough -<span class="allsmcap">L.H.</span>, March 18th, W., many round lantern, several -struck. Hunstanton <span class="allsmcap">L.H.</span>, 17th, 3 a.m., S.W., one caught against -lantern. Corton <span class="allsmcap">L.V.</span>, April 14th, one, E. to W. Cromer <span class="allsmcap">L.H.</span>, -June 17th, 9.50 p.m., two struck, one killed. Autumn: Heligoland, -Oct. 9th, S.S.E., calm, a great many; 14th, many. Flamborough -<span class="allsmcap">L.H.</span>, Sept. 15th, Spurn <span class="allsmcap">L.H.</span>, 20th, Galloper <span class="allsmcap">L.V.</span>, 21st, -and Shipwash <span class="allsmcap">L.V.</span>, 26th, a great many, both during day and -night. Oct. 7th to 8th and 12th to 13th, great rushes at six -stations from Farne Islands to Galloper <span class="allsmcap">L.V.</span>; at the latter on -night of 12th many round lantern, and night of 13th, 8 p.m. to -daybreak of 14th, with many other birds, Larks, Starlings, -Thrushes, and two Robins—altogether many thousands of birds; -160 of various species picked up on deck, and it is calculated one -thousand struck and went overboard.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Motacillidæ.</span>—Spring: Heligoland, Feb. 20th, 1882, Pied -Wagtail, <i>Motacilla lugubris</i>, Temm., one fine old male, "never so -early; once I got one on Feb, 28th"; April 23rd, Blue-headed Wagtail, -<i>M. flava</i>, Linn., some; Yellow Wagtail, <i>M. raii</i>, Bp., one; 28th, -<i>flava</i> pretty numerous. Inner Farne <span class="allsmcap">L.H.</span>, March 29th, one Pied -Wagtail. 5 Buoy Tees <span class="allsmcap">L.V.</span>, 28th and 29th, 8 a.m. to 3 p.m., great -many in flocks of about twenty, flying S.E. to N.W. Whitby <span class="allsmcap">L.H.</span>, -23rd, many. Autumn: Heligoland, Aug. 14th, White Wagtail,<span class="pagenum" id="Page_35">-35-</span> -<i>M. alba</i>, Linn., some; Sept. 9th, <i>M. flava</i>, many. Great Cotes, Sept. -2nd, Grey Wagtail, <i>M. melanope</i>, flocks of twenty to thirty in bean-fields; -only one old bird seen. Spurn, 7th, several. Heligoland, -April 26th, W.N.W., Richard's Pipit, <i>Anthus richardii</i>, Vieill., -one, a small male bird; 28th, one male, very pale, but not faded -or abraded. Autumn: Heligoland, Sept. 28th, S.W., fresh, -<i>A. richardii</i>, a few; Oct. 8th, a few shot. Meadow Pipit, <i>A. -pratensis</i> (Linn.), Sept. 7th, potato-fields crowded with them, -and up to Oct. 19th a great many; Oct. 17th, marvellous numbers. -Tree Pipit, <i>A. trivialis</i> (Linn.), Sept. 19th to Oct. 11th, -numerous. Rock Pipit, <i>A. obscurus</i> (Lath.), some with <i>pratensis</i>. -Great Cotes, Sept. 2nd, Meadow and Tree Pipits in small flocks -in bean-fields. Inner Dowsing <span class="allsmcap">L.V.</span>, Sept. 12th, fifty Titlarks -during day. Farne Inner <span class="allsmcap">L.H.</span>, Nov. 20th, 2 p.m., sixty to S.W.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Laniidæ</span>.—Spring: Spurn, May 28th. Red-backed Shrike, -<i>Lanius collurio</i>, Linn., two, male and female, night of 27th or -morning of 28th. Autumn: Great Grey Shrike, <i>L. excubitor</i>, -Linn., Spurn, Sept. 18th, one; 19th, one; and several during -the first fortnight in October. Heligoland, Oct. 5th, <i>L. major</i>, -one, a second during day; 15th, one; 18th, <i>L. excubitor</i>, one, an -old male.</p> - -<p>Waxwing, <i>Ampelis garrulus</i>, Linn.—Heligoland, Nov. 21st, -one female. Seaton Carew, Jan. 5th, 1883, several seen near -Middlesborough and Guisborough, some shot. Cleethorpes, near -Grimsby, early morning, 15th, one in a garden close to coast; -same time, one near Wragby, Lincolnshire; 17th, large flocks, -several scores, near Goole, fourteen obtained. Several also in -Norfolk near East Coast early in 1883.</p> - -<p>Muscicapidæ.—Pied Flycatcher, <i>M. atricapilla</i>, Linn.—Heligoland, -June 27th, pretty numerous, young, and forward to Sept. -20th in large numbers; during the latter time with many Spotted -Flycatchers, <i>M. grisola</i>. Spurn, Sept. 12th, Pied Flycatchers, a -few, very small birds comparatively, measuring one inch less in -length than those obtained in 1881. The Common Flycatcher -was last observed in North Lincolnshire on Sept. 25th. "Flycatchers" -are frequently mentioned as occurring round the -lanterns at night; it is, however, impossible to say what birds -are intended, as the term is used indiscriminately for many of -the small insect-eating birds.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Hirundinidæ.</span>—Swallow, <i>H. rustica</i>, Linn.—Spring: First at<span class="pagenum" id="Page_36">-36-</span> -Hunstanton <span class="allsmcap">L.H.</span>, April 13th, several. Heligoland, April 23rd. -Longstone <span class="allsmcap">L.H.</span>, May 1st. Autumn: Heligoland, August to Oct. -31st, with House Martins at the latter date. Sand Martins -crossed the island on Aug. 15th, and large numbers of both -<i>rustica</i> and <i>urbica</i> from Sept. 13th to 19th. On East Coast of -England, Great Cotes, Aug. 12th, dusk, starlight, about one -hundred N.E. to S.W.; main body passed up the coast in -September, and very few seen after first week in October. The -last occurrences are North-East Lincolnshire, Nov. 8th, two at -Laceby. Flamborough, Nov. 11th, N., cold, two about lighthouse. -Patrington, Yorkshire, on Oct. 27th I saw ten or twelve -House Martins hawking in the village street.</p> - -<p>Goldfinch, <i>Carduelis elegans</i>, Steph.—Spring: Spurn, April -20th, 11 a.m., six from S. remaining all day. Autumn: Spurn -and East Lincolnshire, some in October. Heligoland, Oct. 16th, -a few.</p> - -<p>Siskin, <i>Chrysomitris spinus</i> (Linn.).—Seaton Carew, Durham, -Oct. 19th, one. Spurn, 25th, a few. Heligoland, Oct. 16th and -on to 23rd, some.</p> - -<p>Greenfinch, <i>Ligurinus chloris</i> (Linn.).—N. E. Lincolnshire, -Feb. 5th, 1883, large flocks on stubbles near the coast. Great -Cotes, Sept. 7th, large migratory flocks in bean-fields and on -stubbles during month, feeding on seeds of <i>Atriplex angustifolia</i> -and <i>Polygonum aviculare</i>, showing a decided preference for the -latter. Languard <span class="allsmcap">L.H.</span>, Oct. 23rd, very large flock came in at noon.</p> - -<p>Hawfinch, <i>Coccothraustes vulgaris</i>, Pall.—Inner Dowsing <span class="allsmcap">L.V.</span>, -Oct. 20th, S.S.W. [No. 5], two came on board and remained all -night, then in the morning left, flying S.E. to N.W. At Heligoland, -Mr. Gätke says, "the Hawfinch here is a well-known -customer, never in any numbers, but every spring and fall some, -betraying itself forthwith by its peculiar call-note, so out of all -proportion with its colossal beak."</p> - -<p>Common Sparrow, <i>Passer domesticus</i> (Linn.).—From Sept. -23rd, Shipwash <span class="allsmcap">L.V.</span>, "flights to N.N.W. to Farne Inner <span class="allsmcap">L.V.</span>," -Nov. 2nd, eight House Sparrows, "seldom seen here." Altogether -observed at twelve stations, with one exception, as above, all -south of the Humber. Goodwin <span class="allsmcap">L.V.</span>, Sept. 27th to Nov. 14th, -on ten days large and continuous flights to W., and in large -numbers in October at other stations.</p> - -<p>Tree Sparrow, <i>P. montanus</i> (Linn.).—Spring: Heligoland,<span class="pagenum" id="Page_37">-37-</span> -March 20th, a score; April 24th, daily; and 15th to 20th, some; -29th, "eating off buds of gooseberries in garden." Corton <span class="allsmcap">L.V.</span>, -June 8th, one on board. Autumn: Shipwash <span class="allsmcap">L.V.</span>, Sept. 22nd, -2 to 6 p.m., large numbers to S.W., to Spurn, Oct. 25th; altogether -at seven stations south of the Humber in very considerable -numbers in October.</p> - -<p>Chaffinch, <i>Fringilla cœlebs</i>, Linn.—Corton <span class="allsmcap">L.V.</span>, from Sept. -28th, "several flocks during forenoon to W.," to Galloper <span class="allsmcap">L.V.</span>, -Oct. 14th, 9 p.m. to 4 a.m., "many with Larks." Seven stations -report Chaffinches, all in October, between the Tees and South -Sand Head <span class="allsmcap">L.V.</span>, Goodwins. Heligoland, Oct. 6th and 7th, enormous -numbers crossed—hundreds of thousands.</p> - -<p>Brambling, <i>F. montifringilla</i>, Linn.—Heligoland, March 13th -and 14th, 1882, one each day; April 8th a few, and on to 28th. -Autumn: Longstone <span class="allsmcap">L.H.</span>, Sept. 21st, 10 a.m., N.E., fresh and -stormy, several. Spurn, Oct. 9th, some; 18th, an immense -flock of males, extending two hundred yards in length, and flying -as closely as a flock of Knots. Teesmouth, 12th and 13th, some. -Heligoland, Sept. 4th, E. by N., some; Oct. 19th, great many.</p> - -<p>Linnet, <i>Linota cannabina</i> (Linn.).—Scarcely any reported.<a id="FNanchor_7" href="#Footnote_7" class="fnanchor">[7]</a> -Lesser Redpoll, <i>L. rufescens</i> (Vieill.), a few in N. E. Lincolnshire, -first week in September. Spurn, October, several. Heligoland, -Oct. 24th, storm S.W., No. 11, one, "first capture of -species on island"; Nov. 7th, S.E., windy and heavy rain, one -shot in garden, second specimen. Twite, <i>L. flavirostris</i> (Linn.), -Heligoland, scarcely any during autumn. Spurn, Oct. 25th, -some small flocks, examples obtained had very pink rumps.</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a id="Footnote_7" href="#FNanchor_7" class="label">[7]</a> East Coast of Scotland, vast rush in October (9th to 23rd). See -J. A. H. B., p. 14 of Report.</p> - -</div> - -<p>Common Bullfinch, <i>Pyrrhula europæa</i>, Vieill.—Hasbro' <span class="allsmcap">L.V.</span>, -Oct. 12th, 4 p.m., two S.E. to N.W.</p> - -<p>Common Crossbill, <i>Loxia curvirostra</i>, Linn.—Farne Inner -<span class="allsmcap">L.H.</span>, July 15th, one found near lighthouse, had been dead some -days.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Emberizidæ.</span>—Yellow Bunting, <i>E. citrinella</i>, Linn., Hunstanton -<span class="allsmcap">L.H.</span>, Oct. 23rd, 10.30 a.m., great many round lighthouse. -Ortolan Bunting, <i>E. hortulana</i>, Linn., Heligoland, April 28th -and 29th, some. Meadow Bunting, <i>E. cia</i>, Linn., Heligoland, -March 8th, S.S.W., clear, warm and fine, a fine old male, the -first after forty years. Reed Bunting, <i>E. schœniclus</i>, Linn.,<span class="pagenum" id="Page_38">-38-</span> -Great Cotes, first week in September, many in bean-fields. -Autumn: Heligoland, Aug. 14th, Ortolan Bunting, some; 28th, -numerous; first fortnight in October, <i>E. schœniclus</i>, great many -daily; 17th, great many, and to end of month.</p> - -<p>Snow Bunting, <i>Plectrophanes nivalis</i> (Linn.).—Spring: -Heligoland, Feb. 28th, 1882, great many; March 28th, many. -5 Buoy Tees <span class="allsmcap">L.V.</span>, Spurn, and Inner Farne, in March; large -flocks at Spurn on 4th. Autumn: A few old birds in September; -7th and 8th, one each day at Skitter Haven, within the Humber. -Young birds first at Great Cotes, Sept. 28th; occurred at stations -north of Humber in October, November, and December, to -January 2nd. Teesmouth, Dec. 1st, large flocks preceding the -heavy snow-storm on 5th. Heligoland, Oct. 24th, S.S.E., strong -and increasing, thick, "with thousands of others during forenoon -racing past overhead"; night, storm S.W. [No. 11]; 29th, "in -great masses in the fields"; and at intervals great numbers to -Nov. 21st.</p> - -<p>Sky Lark, <i>Alauda arvensis</i>, Linn.—Spring: Heligoland, Jan. -18th, 1882, N.N.W., all night great many, all day thousands -upon thousands over island, all to E.; miles out at sea the same; -Feb. 8th and 9th, great numbers across island; 10th and 11th, -the same with Starlings, all to W.; 15th, S.W., rain, from early -morning and all day, thousands from the east. Starlings same, -all very high; 25th, S.S.W., early, calm and fine, "flights on -flights" to E. by N.; 28th, Woodlark, <i>A. arborea</i>, Linn., "a small -party, the first"; March 2nd, a flight. Spurn, March 27th, -flocks of Sky Larks all day passing. Autumn: First at Galloper -<span class="allsmcap">L.V.</span>, Sept. 20th, midnight to 4 p.m., "shoals," to Jan. 10th, 1883, -at 5 Buoy Tees <span class="allsmcap">L.V.</span>; altogether at twenty-nine stations, crossing -the whole east coast of England, and in immense numbers both by -night and day, direction E. to W., or S.E. to N.W.; Oct. 7th and -8th, great "rushes," again 10th and 13th, and again on 20th; -Nov. 12th, and on Dec. 13th to 15th inclusive, in the latter case -up the coast from N. to S., as well as directly inland from sea. -Larks appear to have been tolerably equally distributed over the -whole coast-line, and as usual to have crossed the North Sea in -enormous numbers, far outnumbering any other species. At -Heligoland, in the autumn, they appear, from Mr. Gätke's notes, -to have passed on Oct. 11th, "great many passing above fog," -call-notes heard; and subsequently in large numbers to Nov. 21st.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_39">-39-</span></p> - -<p>Shore Lark, <i>Otocorys alpestris</i> (Linn.)—Spring: Heligoland, -March 20th, eight to ten; April 8th, E. by N., great many flights -of twenty or over; 9th, same; 11th, very numerous; 14th, -flights of thirty to forty; and to 24th, some daily. Autumn: -Oct. 4th, great many; 6th, "some" (that means with us here, -say a hundred); and subsequently at intervals to 28th, when -they passed by thousands; Nov. 27th, many still passing over. -Spurn, Oct. 26th, flock of seven; November and December, -tolerably abundant; about eighty shot near Yarmouth in October, -the greater portion being male birds.</p> - -<p>Starling, <i>Sturnus vulgaris</i>, Linn.—Spring: April 4th, flocks -to N. Autumn: First at Whitby, Aug. 3rd, 4th, and 5th, great -many near lighthouse to Dec. 15th, at Spurn; altogether at -nineteen stations covering the east coast of England, the -bulk crossing in October; great rush from 10th to 13th inclusive, -from E. to W. and to W.S.W. Heligoland, Oct. 10th, flights of -sixty to seventy; 22nd, S. by E., flights of "hundreds of -thousands," and great many to Nov. 13th. Rose-coloured Starling, -<i>Pastor roseus</i> (Linn.), Sept. 24th, S.E., calm, one young bird.</p> - -<p>Common Jay, <i>Garrulus glandarius</i> (Linn.).—Heligoland, Oct. -6th, strong, clear, later stormy, "flights of hundreds"; Oct. 7th, -S.E., clear, not warm, blowing nearly a gale, "without interruption -thousands on thousands passing overhead like Crows"; -8th, S.E., fresh, clear, "actually still more than yesterday, over -the sea north and south of the island, multitudes like a continual -stream—never seen such masses"; 15th, eight to ten. Mem.: -"Jays requiring strong, dry, clear east wind; Tits and <i>pratensis</i> -the same; Chaffinches want east wind strong, but overcast, and -cloudy sky." The great abundance of the Jay in our English -woodlands has been remarked upon from many districts during -the winter of 1882-83; more especially, however, south of a line -drawn from Flamborough Head to Portland Bill, Dorset.</p> - -<p>Magpie, <i>Pica rustica</i> (Scop.).—Spurn <span class="allsmcap">L.H.</span>, March 24th, -remained in neighbourhood three days. Weybourne, Norfolk, -Oct. 16th, arrival of Magpies noticed.—J. H. G.</p> - -<p>Daw, <i>Corvus monedula</i>, Linn.—At several stations with Rooks -in October and November. Heligoland, Oct. 6th, about one -hundred; 24th, towards evening, flights of about five hundred; -27th, one shot from a flock with light grey neck; on this day all -birds in great haste, flying as a rule <i>very</i> high; enormous flocks<span class="pagenum" id="Page_40">-40-</span> -of Jackdaws seen but as the finest dust; of many birds only -heard call-notes without being able to see them; wind S., S.E., -and E. by S.</p> - -<p>Carrion Crow, <i>C. corone</i>, Linn.—First at Orfordness <span class="allsmcap">L.H.</span>, -Sept. 23rd, seven to N.E.; and at several stations from Farne -Inner <span class="allsmcap">L.H.</span> to Goodwin <span class="allsmcap">L.V.</span>, in October, November, and December; -sometimes with Hooded Crows, occasionally in separate flocks. -On Oct. 9th, at Spurn, Mr. Hewetson shot a Crow from a flock -passing inland, which had a few white feathers under the chin and -some of the claws white. Heligoland, Oct. 27th, a small flight.</p> - -<p>Hooded Crow, <i>C. cornix</i>, Linn.—Spring: Spurn <span class="allsmcap">L.H.</span>, March -11th, to S., many all day. Corton <span class="allsmcap">L.V.</span>, from March 21st to -April 14th, large numbers of Rooks and Hooded Crows going -from W. to E. Heligoland, March 2nd, flights high over head -to E.; March 4th, same; 12th, N.W., clear, great flights to E.; -13th and 14th, same; and to 17th, pretty numerous daily; -April 8th, very many high overhead; 9th, same; 11th, great -many. Longstone <span class="allsmcap">L.H.</span>, April 31st, eleven came on island, -appeared much fatigued, and then left for land, mod. gale -N.N.W. Inner Farne <span class="allsmcap">L.H.</span>, 16th and 17th, many to W.S.W.; a -great many Crows (Rooks?) same time. Autumn: Orfordness -<span class="allsmcap">L.H.</span>, Sept. 19th, first seen, one. In large numbers through -October and November at stations from Farne Islands to Goodwin -light-vessels; great rush Oct. 11th and 13th. Nothing -special to note of migration across Heligoland in the autumn, -which as usual was in immense numbers in October and -November. As a rule, few Hooded Crows cross south of Languard -Point, and few Carrion Crows north of Spurn. Rooks and -Jackdaws sparingly north of Spurn, and gradually increase -southward; and most plentiful at southern stations.</p> - -<p>Rook, <i>C. frugilegus</i>, Linn.—Spring: Heligoland. Feb. 22nd, -N.W., a very great flight; 28th, several flights going due E.; -March 4th, same; 13th and 14th, less. Autumn: Sparingly -north of the Humber, and in large numbers at the southern stations -throughout October and November, and on to the middle of -December. Immense numbers remain in North Lincolnshire -during the winter, feeding in the lowlands on both sides of the -Humber, and moving in the afternoon to the high wolds, where -at dusk they retire to the great woods to roost.</p> - -<p>Raven, <i>C. corax</i>, Linn.—Whitby <span class="allsmcap">L.H.</span>, May 20th, one, "comes -each year about this time."</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_41">-41-</span></p> - -<p>Common Swift, <i>Cypselus apus</i> (Linn.).—Hunstanton <span class="allsmcap">L.H.</span>, -May 22nd, several. Autumn: Spurn <span class="allsmcap">L.H.</span>, June 17th, 18th, and -20th, great many to S., sometimes a flock remaining on gallery -of lantern at night. Corton <span class="allsmcap">L.V.</span>, Aug. 1st, many to W. Heligoland, -Aug. 14th, S., some.</p> - -<p>At the Inner Farne <span class="allsmcap">L.H.</span>, Aug. 19th, "a very large Swift, -supposed to be a foreigner, flying about island." About the end -of July an Alpine Swift, <i>C. melba</i>, Linn., was shot by Mr. Wm. -Rogerson, of Newcastle, at Alnmouth, Northumberland, and -recorded at the time in the 'Newcastle Journal,' Aug. 2nd, 1882, -as 9¼ inches in length, and 21 inches between the tips of the -wings; and that it was identified by Mr. John Hancock.</p> - -<p>Common Nightjar, <i>Caprimulgus europæus</i>, Linn.—Spurn, -Sept. 11th, one.</p> - -<p>Wryneck, <i>Jynx torquilla</i>, Linn.—Heligoland, April 23rd, -several.</p> - -<p>Kingfisher, <i>Alcedo ispida</i>, Linn.—Great Cotes, Sept. 1st, -several in marshes. Hasbro' <span class="allsmcap">L.V.</span>, 23rd, 10 p.m., one struck -lantern and killed, was flying S.E. to N.W.</p> - -<p>Hoopoe, <i>Upupa epops</i>, Linn.—Heligoland, April 23rd, one. -Spurn, Aug. 18th, one shot on Kilnsea Warren. Inner Farne, -Aug. 29th, one shot on mainland; one also near Yarmouth in -October.</p> - -<p>Cuckoo, <i>Cuculus canorus</i>, Linn.—Spurn, May 1st. Whitby, -8th. Inner Farne, 11th. One on each occasion.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Striges</span>, Owls.—Long-eared Owl, <i>Asio otus</i> (Linn.), Languard -<span class="allsmcap">L.H.</span>, Oct. 26th, 4.30 p.m., one. Short-eared Owl, <i>A. accipitrinus</i>, -Heligoland, scarcely any. On English coast also remarkably -scarce; a few during the first fortnight in October at stations -from Redcar to Languard Point; appears to have come over at -the same time as the Woodcocks, from Oct. 11th to 13th. -Hasbro' <span class="allsmcap">L.V.</span>, Nov. 16th, one "Grey Owl" at sunrise to W.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Falconidæ.</span>—Heligoland, March 4th, 1882, S.E. to S.W. -Greenland Falcon, <i>Falco candicans</i>, Gmel., a very fine white -bird. Sparrowhawk, <i>Accipiter nisus</i> (Linn.), Sept. 15th, great -many over the sea north of the island, none on Heligoland; -19th, following flights of Chaffinches; Oct. 5th, many with -Kestrels also, and on to 12th. Sea Eagle, <i>Haliaëtus albicilla</i> -(Linn.), Sept. 16th, Nov. 13th, 14th, and 20th, one each day. -Peregrine Falcon, <i>Falco peregrinus</i>, Tunstall, Sept. 20th, some,<span class="pagenum" id="Page_42">-42-</span> -and many young Merlins. Merlin, <i>F. æsalon</i>, Nov. 12th, a -very red-breasted old male obtained. Hen Harrier, <i>Circus -cyaneus</i> (Linn.), Nov. 20th, one. On English coast. Kestrels, -a few in September and October. Sparrowhawks from Aug. 3rd -to September, and through October; also Jan. 9th, 1883, Goodwin -<span class="allsmcap">L.V.</span>, one; not unfrequently alight in the evening on the -rigging of the light-vessels, leaving again at daybreak. One, -caught on the Corton <span class="allsmcap">L.V.</span>, Aug. 3rd, had a piece of copper wire -round one leg. An Osprey was seen near Lowestoft on Oct. 7th; -a Honey Buzzard shot at Welwick, near Spurn, on Sept. 15th; -and another, Dereham, Norfolk, on Oct. 3rd; a few Buzzards -were seen about Spurn in October. Altogether the larger birds -of prey have been extremely scarce during the autumn.</p> - -<p><a id="Gannet"></a>Gannet, <i>Sula bassana</i> (Linn.).—Longstone <span class="allsmcap">L.H.</span>, March 15th, -flocks to north from 10 a.m. to 4 p.m., and to end of month -between the same hours; also first week in April between same -hours; Oct. 20th to 24th, flocks flying north, old and young, but -mostly old birds. Dudgeon <span class="allsmcap">L.V.</span>, Oct. 8th, eight off light-ship all -day. Orfordness, Dec. 6th to 7th, "flocks to W. along shore."</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Ardeidæ.</span>—Common Heron, <i>Ardea cinerea</i>, Linn., Aug. 6th, -7 p.m., five to N. Hanois <span class="allsmcap">L.H.</span>, Sept. 17th, two to W., twenty to -S.W. Bittern, <i>Botaurus stellaris</i> (Linn.), Hornsea, Dec. 22nd.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Anatidæ</span>, Geese.—Farne Inner <span class="allsmcap">L.H.</span>, Feb. 9th, twenty-one -Brent Geese to E.S.E. Kilnsea, Spurn, June 5th, eight large -Grey Geese to S., flying very low. Longstone <span class="allsmcap">L.H.</span>, Oct. 15th, -nine Wild Geese; one, wounded against lantern and subsequently -shot, was a Barnacle Goose, <i>Bernicla leucopsis</i>. Farne Inner, -Nov. 13th, three Canada Geese shot from flock of eleven on one -of the outlying islands; large flocks of Grey Geese going south -along coast early in December.</p> - -<p>Swans.—5 Buoy Tees <span class="allsmcap">L.V.</span>, Aug. 5th, six young Swans in Tees. -Newarp <span class="allsmcap">L.V.</span>, Oct. 26th, three Swans to W. Spurn <span class="allsmcap">L.H.</span>, Nov. -28th, 9 a.m., ten passed close to lantern. Dudgeon <span class="allsmcap">L.V.</span>, 24th, -fifty all white close past ship to W. Teesmouth, 24th, 9 a.m., six.</p> - -<p>Ducks.—5 Buoy Tees <span class="allsmcap">L.V.</span>, April 25th, twenty-five Sheldrake, -<i>Tadorna cornuta</i> (Gmel.), seen in Tees. Inner Farne <span class="allsmcap">L.H.</span>, May -2nd, one solitary King Eider, <i>S. spectabilis</i> (Linn.), first time seen -this season. Longstone <span class="allsmcap">L.H.</span>, Sept. 4th, Scaup Duck flying N. -Large flights of various Ducks seen on east coast at many -stations in October to end of the year; direction of flight,<span class="pagenum" id="Page_43">-43-</span> -however, not sufficiently persistent to permit any deductions; -many doubtless were flocks changing their feeding-grounds.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Columbidæ.</span>—Spurn, May 24th, two Turtle Doves, <i>Turtur -communis</i>, Selby. Gull <span class="allsmcap">L.V.</span>, July 9th, 7.30 p.m., twenty Wood -Pigeons, <i>C. palumbus</i>, Linn., to N.W. Spurn, Sept. 7th, Turtle -Dove, young. Farne Inner <span class="allsmcap">L.H.</span>, Dec. 20th, 10 a.m., two -Wood Pigeons to E.N.E.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Rallidæ.</span>—Inner Farne <span class="allsmcap">L.H.</span>, Sept. 12th, Landrail, <i>Crex -pratensis</i>, Bechst., killed against lantern during night. Spurn, -18th, one shot.</p> - -<p>Crane, <i>Grus communis</i>, Bechst.—Heligoland, April 12th, one, -not captured.</p> - -<p>Little Bustard, <i>Otis tetrax</i>, Linn.—Heligoland, one shot, first -occasion.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Charadriadæ.</span>—Spurn, May 30th, Turnstone, <i>Strepsilas -interpres</i> (Linn.), small flock in full summer plumage. Spurn, -first week in June, Dotterel, <i>C. morinellus</i>, four seen. The -Golden Plover, <i>C. pluvialis</i>, Linn., was first seen at Farne Inner -<span class="allsmcap">L.H.</span>, Aug. 17th; small flocks on island; on the same day also, in -Great Cotes marshes, in summer plumage. Yarmouth, Sept. -10th, four, partially in summer dress. Grey Plover, <i>S. helvetica</i> -(Linn.), first at Teesmouth, Aug. 10th, two. Spurn, Sept. 7th, -first seen; on 16th, three large flocks, many members of each in -full summer plumage. 5 Buoy Tees <span class="allsmcap">L.V.</span>, Oct. 15th and 16th, -Grey Plover with Curlew, two to three hundred in flock. Whitby -<span class="allsmcap">L.H.</span>, Nov. 14th, one hundred or more. Immense flocks of Lapwings, -<i>Vanellus vulgaris</i>, Bechst., at Farne Islands, Sept. 25th -and 26th, and subsequently at many other stations during the -winter. Kentish Plover, <i>Æ. cantiana</i> (Lath.), was obtained near -Blakeney about Sept. 26th. Heligoland, young Golden Plover -commenced passing, Aug. 9th; during July and up to the end of -the month, every night, great numbers of <i>Numenius</i>, <i>Totanus</i>, -<i>Tringa</i>, and <i>C. hiaticula</i>, &c., crossed; on Aug. 25th, great -numbers of Golden Plovers; on the 22nd, S.W., great many -Dotterel, <i>C. morinellus</i> (Linn.); again Sept. 4th, great many -Dotterel, 11 p.m., passing overhead E. to W., one flight taking -ten minutes to pass.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Scolopacidæ.</span>—Red-necked Phalarope, <i>Phalaropus hyperboreus</i> -(Linn.), Breydon, Norfolk, Sept. 4th, one shot, two seen. -Common Snipe, <i>Gallinago cælestis</i> (Frenzel), end of second week<span class="pagenum" id="Page_44">-44-</span> -in March, 1882, N. E. Lincolnshire, returning in some numbers. -Heligoland, March 2nd, one; April 12th, S.S.W., a few. -Autumn: Farne Inner <span class="allsmcap">L.H.</span>, Sept. 14th, Snipe to W. Orfordness, -Oct. 13th, 8 p.m., one killed. Flamborough <span class="allsmcap">L.H.</span>, Nov. -16th, two struck and killed, strong S.E. gale. Gull <span class="allsmcap">L.V.</span>, Nov. -3rd, about one hundred to W. Jack Snipe, <i>G. gallinula</i> (Linn.), -Longstone <span class="allsmcap">L.H.</span>, Sept. 21st, E.N.E. to N.E., one killed against -S.E. side lantern. Farne Inner <span class="allsmcap">L.H.</span>, Oct. 12th, two. Woodcock, -<i>Scolopax rusticula</i>, Linn., Spurn, Sept. 18th, first Woodcock; -the great flight took place on the night of Oct. 12th, wind E., -strong, fog and drizzling rain; on the morning of 13th at Farne -Inner, 5 Buoy Tees <span class="allsmcap">L.V.</span>,<a id="FNanchor_8" href="#Footnote_8" class="fnanchor">[8]</a> Teesmouth, Coquet, Whitby, Flamborough, -Spurn, Yarmouth, and Orfordness, in some numbers; -specially so at Farne Inner, Teesmouth, Flamborough, and -Spurn. Second flight, Teesmouth, Nov. 13th; and at Whitby, -11th; Farne, Dec. 14th; and Coquet, 14th. Woodcocks occurred -at Heligoland on Oct. 26th, a few; 29th, twenty to thirty shot; -Nov. 11th, some; and 21st and 30th, some. Dunlin, <i>Tringa -alpina</i>, Linn., Great Cotes, Aug. 16th, night warm, close, -thunder-storm, very dark, heavy rain from S.E., flocks of waders -passing over. Dunlin and Kinged Plover. Curlew Sandpiper, -<i>T. subarquata</i> (Güld.), Spurn, Sept. 14th, a few. Ruff, <i>Machetes -pugnax</i>, Linn., Seaton Carew, Nov. 2nd, two Ruffs and a Reeve. -Knot, <i>T. canutus</i>, Linn., Teesmouth, Aug. 11th, one; 15th, -three. Great Cotes, 27th, flock of about two hundred. Spurn, -Sept. 6th, several; plentiful by middle of month. Spurn <span class="allsmcap">L.H.</span>, -Nov. 15th, 3 a.m., many round lantern. Hasbro' <span class="allsmcap">L.V.</span>, 16th, -11 a.m., large flocks very high E. to W.S.W. Sanderling, -<i>Calidris arenaria</i> (Linn.)., Spurn, May 31st, flocks, some in -summer and others in transition plumage. Lincolnshire coast, -Aug. 10th, flocks, thirty to forty, old and young together, -near Somercotes. Green Sandpiper, <i>Totanus ochropus</i> (Linn.), -Breydon, Aug. 15th, plentiful. Common Redshank, <i>T. calidris</i> -(Linn.), scarce. Spotted Redshank, <i>T. fuscus</i> (Linn.), Breydon, -Aug. 15th, one, immature, shot. Greenshank, <i>T. -cancescens</i> (Gmel.), Breydon, Aug. 15th, plentiful. Red-breasted -Snipe, <i>Macrorhamphus griseus</i> (Gmel.), Aug. 15th, -one shot at Cleethorpes, near Grimsby, a mature bird in moult<span class="pagenum" id="Page_45">-45-</span> -from the knot-like plumage of summer to the grey of winter. -Bar-tailed Godwit, <i>Limosa lapponica</i> (Linn.), Teesmouth, Aug. -13th, 4.30 a.m., five. Black-tailed Godwit, <i>L. ægocephala</i> (Linn.), -Aug. 24th, four seen at Breydon, two in summer plumage. -Whimbrel, <i>Numenius phæopus</i> (Linn.), 5 Buoy, Tees <span class="allsmcap">L.V.</span>, April -23rd, one N.W. to S.E. Great Cotes, July 27th, Whimbrel -passing, first of the season. Teesmouth, Aug. 1st to 7th, two or -three small flocks about; and large flocks to E. early on morning -of 16th. Common Curlew, <i>N. arquata</i> (Linn.), Heligoland, -April 12th, from 10 p.m. to daylight, hundreds of thousands of -<i>Tringa</i>, <i>Numenius</i>, <i>Hæmatopus</i>, and the like flying over. Lincolnshire -coast, Aug. 10th, flocks of eight to ten young, on shore -near Somercotes. South Sand Head <span class="allsmcap">L.V.</span>, Sept. 17th, twelve, -the first seen, to N.W. 5 Buoy Tees <span class="allsmcap">L.V.</span>, Oct. 15th and 16th, -flocks of two to three hundred passing. Whitby <span class="allsmcap">L.H.</span>, Oct. 15th, -large flock round lantern for several hours, thick and dark. -Cromer <span class="allsmcap">L.H.</span>, Oct. 13th, large flock round lantern. Spurn <span class="allsmcap">L.H.</span>, -Nov. 15th, 3 a.m., many round lantern with Knots. Flamboro' <span class="allsmcap">L.H.</span>, -16th, many round lantern; and on Dec. 13th, all night with Larks.</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a id="Footnote_8" href="#FNanchor_8" class="label">[8]</a> At this light-vessel a single bird passed, going west, at daybreak.</p> - -</div> - -<p><span class="smcap">Sterninæ</span>, Terns.—Inner Farne <span class="allsmcap">L.H.</span>, April 20th, Sandwich -Tern, <i>Sterna cantiaca</i>, Gmel., heard calling for first time. -Longstone <span class="allsmcap">L.H.</span>, May 3rd, first Sandwich Tern seen on island. -Inner Farne <span class="allsmcap">L.H.</span>, May 2nd, Arctic Tern, <i>Sterna macrura</i>, Naum., -seen first time; 4th, both together, flying round their breeding-stations. -Inner Farne, Aug. 28th, most of Arctic and Sandwich -Terns left their breeding-quarters. Longstone and Inner Farne, -Sept. 6th and 7th, both species finally left island.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Larinæ</span>, Gulls.—Heligoland, Jan. 17th, Greater Black-backed -Gull, <i>Larus marinus</i>, Linn., hundreds, all old birds; and on 31st, -the same, nearly without exception old birds; Kittiwake, <i>Rissa -tridactyla</i> (Linn.), same. Whitby, Feb. 12th, Herring Gulls -came to the cliffs to breed, in 1881; it was on the 14th. Longstone, -March 15th, Gulls coming to nesting-quarters. Whitby, -July 16th, young first seen on wing; Sept. 7th, old and young -left. Great Cotes, Sept. 28th, Humber-flats covered with various -Gulls. Whitby, Oct. 14th, large numbers seen at sea, going S. -Spurn, in December, Iceland Gull, <i>L. leucopterus</i>, Faber, mature -and immature, obtained.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Stercorariinæ</span>, Skuas.—Farne Inner, Sept. 26th, Skuas seen -in attendance on Black-headed Gulls. Teesmouth (Redcar),<span class="pagenum" id="Page_46">-46-</span> -Oct. 20th, five Skuas to E. Nov. 1st, Longstone, one. Have -been remarkably scarce on the coast.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Procellariidæ</span>, Petrels.—Coquet <span class="allsmcap">L.H.</span>, Oct. 14th, 7 p.m., one -Stormy Petrel caught against glass and set at liberty again. -Languard, 11th, one, 6.15 p.m. Spurn, 29th, one at edge of water.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Alcidæ</span>, Auks.—Common Guillemot, <i>Lomvia troile</i>, (Linn.), -Longstone <span class="allsmcap">L.H.</span>, Jan. 3rd, 1883, Guillemots flying in from sea to -island; March 15th, 1882, assembling for breeding on islands; -May 15th, Puffins assembling on islands; Aug. 25th, Guillemots -and Puffins have left their nesting-quarters on rocks; Oct. 22nd, -Little Auk, <i>Mergulus alba</i>, Linn., one seen; Nov. 1st, two young -Puffins seen. Inner Farne, April 1st, multitudes of Guillemots -flying up to their nesting-quarters; Nov. 18th, several Puffins -and Guillemots off islands. Flamborough, Guillemots great -many last week in January, towards headland; Feb. 5th, great -numbers going N. all morning; Dec. 27th, first seen off coast, -are passing and repassing daily in great numbers.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Colymbidæ</span>, Divers.—Inner Farne, Sept. 6th, Great Northern -Diver, <i>C. glacialis</i>, Linn., three to N.; Dec, first week, Red-throated -Diver, <i>C. septentrionalis</i>, Linn., Black-throated Diver, <i>C. arcticus</i>, -Linn., and Great Northern Diver, all three about the islands this -week; on 5th, fourteen Great Northern Divers to W. Longstone, -Nov. 14th, two young Great Northern Divers off island fishing. -Teesmouth, Oct. 31st, flock of Great Northern Divers passed at -noon.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Podicipitidæ</span>, Grebes.—October, Sclavonian Grebe, <i>Podiceps -auritus</i>, Linn., adult in winter plumage shot in a timber pond -at Hull; Red-necked Grebe, <i>P. griseigena</i> (Bodd.), and Sclavonian -Grebe, on Humber in October and November.</p> - -<p>The Committee are indebted to Professor Chr. Fr. Lütken, of -the Universitetets Zoologiske Museum, Copenhagen, for a list of -the birds killed against the lantern of the lighthouse of Stevns, -on the projecting part of Zealand, marking the limit between -the Baltic and the Grönsund Belt, in the autumn of 1882. -Professor Lütken, in forwarding the list, remarked that his late -lamented predecessor. Professor Reinhardt, made arrangements -with a physician, Mr. Antander, residing at the small town -of Storeheddinge, seven Danish miles south of Copenhagen, in -the neighbourhood of Stevns Klint and the lighthouse of Stevns, -for forwarding any birds found killed to the museum, with the -following result:—</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_47">-47-</span></p> - - -<p class="caption3nb"><span class="smcap">Stevns Fyr, Zealand, Denmark, 1882.</span></p> - -<table summary="species"> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">April</td> - <td class="tdr">14th.</td> - <td class="tdl"><i>Turdus musicus</i></td> - <td class="tdl">2.</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdc">"</td> - <td class="tdc">"</td> - <td class="tdl"><i>Saxicola œnanthe</i></td> - <td class="tdl">2 males.</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdc">"</td> - <td class="tdr">15th.</td> - <td class="tdl"><i>Sylvia rubecula</i></td> - <td class="tdl">1 male.</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdc">"</td> - <td class="tdc">"</td> - <td class="tdl"><i>Emberiza miliaria</i></td> - <td class="tdl">1.</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdc">"</td> - <td class="tdr">19th.</td> - <td class="tdl"><i>Numenius arquatus</i></td> - <td class="tdl">1.*</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdc">"</td> - <td class="tdc">"</td> - <td class="tdl"><i>Turdus musicus</i></td> - <td class="tdl">1.</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdc">"</td> - <td class="tdc">"</td> - <td class="tdl"><i>Saxicola œnanthe</i></td> - <td class="tdl">3 males and 8 females.</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdc">"</td> - <td class="tdc">"</td> - <td class="tdl"><i>Turdus iliacus</i></td> - <td class="tdl">1.</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdc">"</td> - <td class="tdr">24th.</td> - <td class="tdl"><i>Emberiza passerina</i></td> - <td class="tdl">1 caught alive.</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdc">"</td> - <td class="tdr">29th.</td> - <td class="tdl"><i>Turdus musicus</i></td> - <td class="tdl">1.</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">May</td> - <td class="tdr">9th.</td> - <td class="tdl"><i>Sylvia schœnobænus</i></td> - <td class="tdl">1.</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdc">"</td> - <td class="tdr">11th.</td> - <td class="tdl"><i>Luscinia philomela</i></td> - <td class="tdl">1 alive.†</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdc">"</td> - <td class="tdc">"</td> - <td class="tdl"><i>Emberiza hortulana</i></td> - <td class="tdl">1 " †</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdc">"</td> - <td class="tdr">12th.</td> - <td class="tdl"><i>Muscicapa atricapilla</i></td> - <td class="tdl">1.</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdc">"</td> - <td class="tdr">18th.</td> - <td class="tdl"><i>Sylvia cinerea</i></td> - <td class="tdl">2.</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdc">"</td> - <td class="tdc">"</td> - <td class="tdl"><i>S. phragmitis</i></td> - <td class="tdl">1.</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdc">"</td> - <td class="tdc">"</td> - <td class="tdl"><i>S. rufa</i></td> - <td class="tdl">1.</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdc">"</td> - <td class="tdc">"</td> - <td class="tdl"><i>S. trochilus</i></td> - <td class="tdl">1.</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">Sept.</td> - <td class="tdr">21st.</td> - <td class="tdl"><i>Turdus torquatus</i></td> - <td class="tdl">1.</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdc">"</td> - <td class="tdc">"</td> - <td class="tdl"><i>Sylvia rubecula</i></td> - <td class="tdl">5.</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdc">"</td> - <td class="tdc">"</td> - <td class="tdl"><i>S. curruca</i></td> - <td class="tdl">1.</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdc">"</td> - <td class="tdc">"</td> - <td class="tdl"><i>Ruticilla phœnicurus</i></td> - <td class="tdl">2.</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">Oct.</td> - <td class="tdr">10th.</td> - <td class="tdl"><i>Sylvia rubecula</i></td> - <td class="tdl">1.</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdc">"</td> - <td class="tdr">21st.</td> - <td class="tdl"><i>Turdus iliacus</i></td> - <td class="tdl">2.</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdc">"</td> - <td class="tdc">"</td> - <td class="tdl"><i>Alauda arvensis</i></td> - <td class="tdl">4.</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdc">"</td> - <td class="tdc">"</td> - <td class="tdl"><i>Regulus cristatus</i></td> - <td class="tdl">2.</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdc">"</td> - <td class="tdc">"</td> - <td class="tdl"><i>Emberiza schœniclus</i></td> - <td class="tdl">1.</td> -</tr> -</table> - -<p>* Is often seen swarming around the lighthouse at the time of its -migration—six or seven on this night flew against the panes without being -killed, and two others were caught alive. About forty Redbreasts and -Wheatears were caught on the same night, but set at liberty again in the -morning. On clear moonlight nights nothing at all is caught or found.</p> - -<p>† According to Mr. Antander were not sent to museum.</p> - -<p>Mr. Gätke sends the following notes of an extraordinary -migration of the Silver Gamma Moth, <i>Plusia gamma</i>, across -Heligoland in August, 1882:—</p> - -<p>On Aug. 13th, at 1 a.m. till 4, thousands on thousands -passed the Heligoland lighthouse, travelling E. to W. From 11 -p.m. on the 15th, till 3 a.m. on 16th, millions, like a snow-storm, -all belonging to the same species, passed forward in the same -direction. Again, on the 18th, from 11 p.m. till 3 a.m. on the -19th, thousands on thousands were observed under the same -circumstances. Some scores caught for identification were all -in most perfect plumage; no fading or abrasion.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_48">-48-</span></p> - - -<p class="caption3nb"><span class="smcap">General Remarks.</span></p> - -<p>The observations taken along the E. coast of England in the -spring and autumn of 1882 have been such as to confirm the -conclusions arrived at in previous reports.</p> - -<p>As in 1880 and 1881, the line of autumn migration has been -a broad stream from E. to W., or from points S. of E. to N. of -W., covering the whole of the E. coast. In 1880 a considerable -proportion of the immigrants crossed at the more southern -stations; in 1881 they covered the whole of the E. coast in -tolerably equal proportions; but in 1882 the stations N. of the -Humber show a marked preponderance of arrivals.</p> - -<p>Although migration has extended over an unusually long -period, commencing in July and continued with but slight intermission -throughout the autumn and into the following year to -the end of January, yet the great mass of immigrants arrived on -our E. coast in October, and a large proportion of these during -the first fortnight in the month. From Oct. 6th to 8th, inclusive, -and again from the 12th to the 15th there was, night and day, -an enormous rush, under circumstances of wind and weather, -which observation has shown are most opposed to a favourable -passage. During these periods birds arrived in an exhausted -condition, and we have reasons for supposing, from the number -reported as alighting on fishing-boats and vessels in the North -Sea, that the loss must have been very considerable; large -flights also are recorded as having appeared round the lanterns -of lighthouses and light-vessels during the night migration. -From the 6th to the 9th, inclusive, strong E. winds blew over -the North Sea, with fog and drizzling rain, and from the night -of the 12 to 17th very similar weather prevailed. Mr. W. Littlewood, -of the Galloper <span class="allsmcap">L.V.</span>, moored on the bank of that name -forty miles S.E. of Orfordness, reports that on the night of Oct. -6th, Larks, Starlings, Mountain Sparrows, Titmice, Common -Wrens, Redbreasts, Chaffinches and Plover were picked up on -the deck, and that it is calculated five to six hundred struck the -rigging and fell overboard; a large proportion of these were -Larks. Thousands of birds were flying round the lantern from -11.30 p.m. to 4.45 a.m., their white breasts, as they dashed to<span class="pagenum" id="Page_49">-49-</span> -and fro in the circle of light, having the appearance of a heavy -fall of snow. This was repeated on the 8th and 12th, and on -the night of the 13th 160 were picked up on deck, including -Larks, Starlings, Thrushes and two Redbreasts; it was thought -one thousand struck and went overboard into the sea. It is -only on dark rainy nights, snow or fog, that these casualties -occur; when the nights are light, or any stars visible, the birds -appear to give the lanterns a wide berth.</p> - -<p>Unquestionably the principal feature of the autumn migrations -has been the enormous arrival of the little Gold-crested -Wren. The migrations appear to have covered not only the E. -coast of England, but to have extended southward to the Channel -Islands and northward to the Faroes (see <a href="#EAST_COAST_OF_SCOTLAND">Report East Coast of -Scotland</a>, Harvie Brown). On the E. coast of England they are -recorded at no less than twenty-one stations, from the Farne -Islands to the Hanois <span class="allsmcap">L.H.</span>, Guernsey. The earliest notice is -Aug. 6th, the latest Nov. 5th, or ninety-two days; during the -same period enormous numbers crossed Heligoland, more -especially in October, and quite up to the end of the month. On -the night from the 28th to 29th Mr. Gätke remarks, "We have -had a perfect storm of Goldcrests, poor little souls, perching on the -ledges of the window-panes of the lighthouse, preening their feathers -in the glare of the lamps. On the 29th all the island swarmed -with them, filling the gardens and over all the cliff,—hundreds -of thousands; by 9 a.m. most of them had passed on again."</p> - -<p>Not less remarkable was the great flight of the Common Jay -past and over that island early in October, on the 6th, 7th, and -8th; thousands on thousands without interruption passing on -overhead like Crows, N. and S. of the island too, multitudes -like a continual stream, all going E. to W. in a strong south-easterly -gale. It would have been an interesting fact if we had -been able to correlate this migration of Jays with any visible -arrival on our English coast, but in none of our returns is any -mention made of the Jay. Mr. Matthew Bailey, of Flamborough, -told me that on one evening early in October (the exact date he -was not able to give) he had observed at dusk large flights of -birds, about the size of Jackdaws, coming to land, and was -struck with the good headway they seemed to make against a -strong wind. It was too dark, however, to make out what they -were. Subsequently I have received numerous notices speaking<span class="pagenum" id="Page_50">-50-</span> -of the extraordinary number of Jays seen during the winter in -our English woodlands. This seems especially to have been the -case south of a line drawn from Flamborough Head to Portland -Bill, in Dorset.<a id="FNanchor_9" href="#Footnote_9" class="fnanchor">[9]</a></p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a id="Footnote_9" href="#FNanchor_9" class="label">[9]</a> Common Jay. Additions and unusual numbers observed at Arden, on -Loch Lomond side, subsequently reported by James Lumsden, Esq., is the -only report of Jays I have got in Scotland.—J. A. H. B.</p> - -</div> - -<p>Extraordinary numbers of the Common Hedge Sparrow -(<i>Accentor modularis</i>)—"the dunnock" of the English schoolboy, -the "blue Janet" of Scotland—passed over Heligoland in October, -more especially on the 6th, 7th, and 8th; and it is curious that -on the 8th of the same month they swarmed in astonishing -numbers, both at Spurn and in N.E. Lincolnshire.</p> - -<p>The Woodcock arrived on the east coast on the night of -Oct. 12th, or early morning of the 13th; wind E., strong, fog, -and drizzling rain. On the morning of the 13th they are recorded -from nine stations, covering 250 miles of coast-line, from the -Farne Islands to Orfordness.<a id="FNanchor_10" href="#Footnote_10" class="fnanchor">[10]</a> It is fair to suppose that this, the -"great flight" of the season, did not start from the same locality, -but from various parts of the opposite coast of Europe,—places -widely apart. Both previous and subsequent to their passage the -weather had been much of the same character over the North -Sea. Why they should start simultaneously on this special -evening, and how they managed to "keep touch," to use a -military term, during a passage of several hundred miles across -a stormy sea, in fog and drizzling rain, so as to arrive about the -same time at their Tel-el-Kebir on our English sand-hills, is one -of those points in the phenomena of migration which will -probably take some time and more extended observations, -especially on the opposite coast-line, to clear up.</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a id="Footnote_10" href="#FNanchor_10" class="label">[10]</a> I Also "great flight" same time, Isle of May. East coast of Scotland -report.</p> - -</div> - -<p>An interesting entry in one of the returned schedules, that -from the Inner Dowsing <span class="allsmcap">L.V.</span>, placed seventeen miles E. of -Sutton, on the Lincolnshire coast, is that of two Hawfinches, -which came on board on the evening of Oct. 20th, a strong -S.S.W. wind blowing, and remaining all night, left again at -daybreak, their course being from S.E. to N.W., the course -followed by a large proportion of our immigrants. As far as we -are aware this is the first notice of Hawfinches having been seen<span class="pagenum" id="Page_51">-51-</span> -at sea. At Heligoland, Mr. Gätke says the species is a well-known -customer, never in any numbers, but every spring and fall some, -betraying itself forthwith by its peculiar call-note, so out of all -proportion with its colossal beak.</p> - -<p>There are some birds occurring on our east coast year by -year with tolerable regularity, which, during the autumn of 1882, -have been remarkable for their scarcity. This has been the case -with all the large raptorial birds, and especially with the Short-eared -Owl, and Common Linnet and Twite. Their absence on -migration has also been remarked upon in Heligoland. The -Short-eared Owl also appears to have been specially scarce -on the east coast of Scotland. (See East Coast of Scotland -Report.)</p> - -<p>Our returns show very clearly that the spring lines of -migration, followed by birds leaving our shores, are identically -the same as those followed in the autumn, but of course in the -reverse direction from W. and N.W. to E. and S.E.</p> - -<p>As this is the fourth report issued by the Committee, we -may, perhaps, with the mass of facts at our disposal, be expected -to draw deductions, which, if they do not explain, will serve -at least to throw some light on the causes influencing the -migration of birds. We might reasonably reply that the work -undertaken by us was not to theorise, or attempt explanations, -but simply to collect facts and tabulate them. This we have -endeavoured to do in the shortest and simplest manner consistent -with accuracy of detail. There is, however, one circumstance -which can scarcely fail to present itself to those who have gone -carefully into the reports issued by the Committee, namely, the -marvellous persistency with which, year by year, birds follow the -same lines of migration when approaching or leaving our shores: -the constancy of these periodical phenomena is suggestive of -some settled principle or law governing the movement. It is -clearly evident, from the facts already at our disposal, that there -are two distinct migrations going forward at the same time; -one, the ordinary flow in the spring and ebb in the autumn, -across the whole of the western Palæarctic regions, which of -course includes the British Isles, of a great migratory wave -moving to and from the nesting-quarters of the birds in the -coldest part of their range, N.E. in the spring and S.W. in the -autumn. Quite independent of this there is a continual stream<span class="pagenum" id="Page_52">-52-</span> -of immigrants, week by week and month by month, to the -eastern shores of these islands, coming directly across Europe -from E. to W., or more commonly from points S. of E. to others -N. of W., and the reverse in the spring. These are mainly -composed of those common and well-known species which -annually make these islands their winter resort, and take the -place of our summer birds: they come in one broad stream, -cutting the line of ordinary migration at nearly right angles; -one flank brushes the Orkneys and Shetlands, pouring through -the Pentland Firth, even touching the distant Faroes; the -southern wing crosses the Channel Islands, shaping its course -in a north-westerly direction to the English coast. In our -explanation of the causes which first induced, and perhaps still -influences, this E. to W. migration, we must probably go back a -long way in the history of the world, when the distribution of the -land and water of continental Europe was very different to what -it now is; when there was no North Sea, and the western coast-line -of Europe was represented by what is now known as the -hundred-fathom line off' the West of Ireland, a coast which on -the one side touched Scandinavia, and on the other was linked -with the Spanish peninsula. Great as is now the contrast -between the winters of Central Russia and those of these -islands, the difference would then be much more marked,—arctic -cold on one hand, and semi-tropical warmth on the -other.<a id="FNanchor_11" href="#Footnote_11" class="fnanchor">[11]</a> It requires then no stretch of imagination to believe -that great flights of birds would on the approach of winter be -driven before the intense cold of Eastern and Central Europe to -seek refuge and find food in the warm regions of the west, -regions which then would feel the full effects of the warm -equatorial currents, and enjoy an almost perpetual summer. -This movement once begun would, by the very necessities of -existence, and in time by an hereditary instinct, be continued.<span class="pagenum" id="Page_53">-53-</span> -Gradually the land now occupied by the North Sea has been -withdrawn from beneath the migrating flocks; year after year -the middle passage became wider and more difficult; yet the -habit once formed would be continued, and hereditary instinct, -or whatever other name we choose to give it, supply the -rest.</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a id="Footnote_11" href="#FNanchor_11" class="label">[11]</a> There are ninety species of plants, all told, common alike to Southwestern -England and Ireland, and to the Pyrenean and Italian region. -They represent an old flora no longer adapted to the country,—a flora of -warmth and sunshine,—and now dying out under the advance of hardier, -more vigorous and congenial species. They may be regarded as the last -floral relics of the submerged land, that semi-tropical western land whose -plants and flowers are not of Scandinavian origin, but derived from Southern -Europe.</p> - -</div> - -<p>Mr. Wallace has told us how, in the Eastern Archipelago, -comparatively narrow, and probably very ancient, straits of -water divide and wholly separate distinct races of birds; and we -have instances of this in Europe, where species, common on the -opposite coast of the Continent, rarely or never occur in the -British Islands.</p> - -<p>Small birds, like the Goldcrest, do not cross great breadths -of water from choice; they doubtless would prefer a migration -over land, from field to field, or hedge to hedge; or at the most -closely following some old established coast-line. Why, except -on some such hypothesis as stated, should they attempt the -North Sea, not alone at the narrowest part, the straits of Dover, -or from Ostend to the coast of Kent, but in the very widest -parts also, from the Elbe to the Humber, or Danish coast to the -Pentland Firth and Scotch islands? What impels our autumn -visitants, the young weeks in advance of their parents, to launch -westward across what, for anything they can possibly know to -the contrary, may prove an Atlantic, an ocean without a further -shore?</p> - -<p>There are doubtless several causes, working separately or -together, which influence migration, and we must not look for -an explanation of the phenomena attending these great periodical -movements to one cause only, for by doing this we lose sight -perhaps of other equally powerful incentives. I have spoken in -previous reports of the probability of birds following ancient -coast-lines once linking now distant lands, impelled by what we -call, for want of a better term, hereditary instinct, that is, an -instinct derived through ancestors. It is, perhaps, an open -question whether the young, which undoubtedly arrive in the -autumn weeks in advance of the great mass of old birds, depend -entirely on this, or whether they are in any way dependent on -guidance and direction. It is a curious fact, which we have -frequently remarked, that the very earliest of their kind are -frequently a few old birds,—flocks of young, too, often contain a<span class="pagenum" id="Page_54">-54-</span> -sprinkling of old female birds,—such as may be supposed have -made the journey before; but it must be also borne in mind -that on dark or even starlight nights, when these movements -mostly take place, any guidance, even that of call-note, would be -futile at any but a very limited range.</p> -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter"> -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_55">-55-</span></p> - -<h2 class="nobreak" id="WEST_COAST_OF_SCOTLAND">WEST COAST OF SCOTLAND.</h2> -</div> - - -<p>Schedules, &c., were sent to forty stations, the same number -as in previous years. We have received filled-in schedules -from thirteen stations.<a id="FNanchor_12" href="#Footnote_12" class="fnanchor">[12]</a></p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a id="Footnote_12" href="#FNanchor_12" class="label">[12]</a> But the Isle of Man stations—five in number—have been taken over -by Mr. P. Kermode, as he is on the spot, and as they really lie more into -his district,</p> - -</div> - -<p>Generally the returns are light, lighter than last year.</p> - -<p>We have notes upon thirty-two species of land birds from -this coast, and about fourteen species of water-birds, whilst -the species of Waders or Littoral species may be placed at -eight.</p> - -<p>The Spring Migration I have kept distinct in this report. -Weather notes included in General Remarks.</p> - -<p>Here follows the usual list of stations, with asterisks which -point out the annual returns from the beginning of the scheme, -from each station.</p> - -<p class="caption3nb"><span class="smcap">West Coast of Scotland.</span></p> - -<table summary="stations"> -<tr> - <td class="caption3nb" colspan="9"><span class="smcap">Mainland.</span></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdc">1879,</td> - <td class="tdc">'80,</td> - <td class="tdc">'81,</td> - <td class="tdc">'82.</td> - <td colspan="5"></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdc">*</td> - <td class="tdc">*</td> - <td class="tdc">*</td> - <td></td> - <td class="tdr">81.</td> - <td class="tdl">Cape Wrath, Sutherland</td> - <td class="tdr">400</td> - <td class="tdc">ft.</td> - <td></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdc">*</td> - <td class="tdc">*</td> - <td class="tdc">*</td> - <td></td> - <td class="tdr">82.</td> - <td class="tdl">Rhu Stoir, W. Cromarty</td> - <td class="tdr">195 "</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="caption3nb" colspan="9"><span class="smcap">Outer Hebrides.</span></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdc">*</td> - <td class="tdc">*</td> - <td class="tdc">*</td> - <td class="tdc">*</td> - <td class="tdr">83.</td> - <td class="tdl">Butt of Lewis</td> - <td class="tdr">170</td> - <td class="tdc">"</td> - <td class="tdl">Alex. Thompson</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td></td> - <td class="tdc">*</td> - <td class="tdc">*</td> - <td></td> - <td class="tdr">84.</td> - <td class="tdl">Stornoway</td> - <td class="tdr">56</td> - <td class="tdc">"</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdc">*</td> - <td class="tdc">*</td> - <td class="tdc">*</td> - <td></td> - <td class="tdr">85.</td> - <td class="tdl">Island Glass</td> - <td class="tdr">130</td> - <td class="tdc">"</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdc">*</td> - <td class="tdc">*</td> - <td class="tdc">*</td> - <td class="tdc">*</td> - <td class="tdr">86.</td> - <td class="tdl">Monach Island</td> - <td class="tdl" colspan="3"> - <table summary="data"> - <tr> - <td rowspan="2"><img src="images/bracel_36.png" width="11" height="36" alt="{" /></td> - <td class="tdr">150</td> - <td class="tdc">"</td> - <td rowspan="2"><img src="images/bracer_36.png" width="11" height="36" alt="}" /></td> - <td class="tdl" rowspan="2">J. Youngclause.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="tdr">62</td> - <td class="tdc">"</td> - </tr> - </table> - </td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td></td> - <td class="tdc">*</td> - <td class="tdc">*</td> - <td></td> - <td class="tdr">87.</td> - <td class="tdl">Ushenish</td> - <td class="tdr">176</td> - <td class="tdc">"</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td></td> - <td></td> - <td></td> - <td></td> - <td class="tdr">88.</td> - <td class="tdl">Barra Head</td> - <td class="tdr">683</td> - <td class="tdc">"</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="caption3nb" colspan="9"><span class="smcap">Mainland, Skye, and Inner Hebrides.</span></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td></td> - <td></td> - <td></td> - <td></td> - <td class="tdr">89.</td> - <td class="tdl">Rona, Sye</td> - <td class="tdr">222</td> - <td class="tdc">"</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdc">*</td> - <td class="tdc">*</td> - <td class="tdc">*</td> - <td class="tdc">*</td> - <td class="tdr">90.</td> - <td class="tdl">Kyleakin, Rosshire</td> - <td class="tdr">53</td> - <td class="tdc">"</td> - <td class="tdl">D. McCulloch.</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td></td> - <td class="tdc">*</td> - <td class="tdc">*</td> - <td></td> - <td class="tdr">91.</td> - <td class="tdl">Isle Ornsay, Skye<span class="pagenum" id="Page_56">-56-</span></td> - <td class="tdr">58</td> - <td class="tdc">"</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdc">*</td> - <td class="tdc">*</td> - <td></td> - <td></td> - <td class="tdr">92.</td> - <td class="tdl">Ardnamurchan, Pt. Argyle</td> - <td class="tdr">180</td> - <td class="tdc">"</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdc">*</td> - <td class="tdc">*</td> - <td class="tdc">*</td> - <td class="tdc">*</td> - <td class="tdl" colspan="5"> - <table summary="data"> - <tr> - <td rowspan="2"><img src="images/bracel_36.png" width="11" height="36" alt="" /></td> - <td class="tdr">93.</td> - <td class="tdl">Hynish Signal Tower, Tyree</td> - <td rowspan="2"><img src="images/bracel_36.png" width="11" height="36" alt="" /></td> - <td class="tdr" rowspan="2">150</td> - <td class="tdc" rowspan="2">"</td> - <td class="tdl" rowspan="2">Alx. McEachern.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="tdr">94.</td> - <td class="tdl">Skerryvore, off Tyree</td> - </tr> - </table> - </td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdc">*</td> - <td class="tdc">*</td> - <td class="tdc">*</td> - <td class="tdc">*</td> - <td class="tdr">95.</td> - <td class="tdl">Dhuheartach, S. of Ross of Mull</td> - <td class="tdr">145</td> - <td class="tdc">"</td> - <td class="tdl">John Ewing.</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdc">*</td> - <td class="tdc">*</td> - <td class="tdc">*</td> - <td class="tdc">*</td> - <td class="tdr">96.</td> - <td class="tdl">Sound of Mull</td> - <td class="tdr">55</td> - <td class="tdc">"</td> - <td class="tdl">W. McLellan.</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td></td> - <td></td> - <td></td> - <td></td> - <td class="tdr">97.</td> - <td class="tdl">Corran Ferry, Loch Eil</td> - <td class="tdr">38</td> - <td class="tdc">"</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td></td> - <td class="tdc">*</td> - <td class="tdc">*</td> - <td class="tdc">*</td> - <td class="tdr">98.</td> - <td class="tdl">Lismore Island, Oban</td> - <td class="tdr">103</td> - <td class="tdc">"</td> - <td class="tdl">A. Murray.</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdc">*</td> - <td class="tdc">*</td> - <td></td> - <td></td> - <td class="tdr">99.</td> - <td class="tdl">Fladda, Easdale</td> - <td class="tdr">42</td> - <td class="tdc">"</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdc">*</td> - <td class="tdc">*</td> - <td class="tdc">*</td> - <td></td> - <td class="tdr">100.</td> - <td class="tdl">Rhuvaal, Islay</td> - <td class="tdr">147</td> - <td class="tdc">"</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td></td> - <td class="tdc">*</td> - <td class="tdc">*</td> - <td class="tdc">*</td> - <td class="tdr">101.</td> - <td class="tdl">Mac Arthur's Head</td> - <td class="tdr">128</td> - <td class="tdc">"</td> - <td class="tdl">W. Maill.</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdc">*</td> - <td class="tdc">*</td> - <td class="tdc">*</td> - <td class="tdc">*</td> - <td class="tdr">102.</td> - <td class="tdl">Skervuile, Jura</td> - <td class="tdr">73</td> - <td class="tdc">"</td> - <td class="tdl">John Ewing.</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdc">*</td> - <td class="tdc">*</td> - <td class="tdc">*</td> - <td class="tdc">*</td> - <td class="tdr">103.</td> - <td class="tdl">Rhinns of Islay</td> - <td class="tdr">159</td> - <td class="tdc">"</td> - <td class="tdl">Andrew Lyall.</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdc">*</td> - <td class="tdc">*</td> - <td></td> - <td></td> - <td class="tdr">104.</td> - <td class="tdl">Lochindaul</td> - <td class="tdr">50</td> - <td class="tdc">"</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td></td> - <td></td> - <td></td> - <td></td> - <td class="tdr">105.</td> - <td class="tdl">Mull of Kintyre</td> - <td class="tdr">297</td> - <td class="tdc">"</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td></td> - <td></td> - <td></td> - <td></td> - <td class="tdr">106.</td> - <td class="tdl">Sanda, Kintyre Sound</td> - <td class="tdr">165</td> - <td class="tdc">"</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td></td> - <td></td> - <td></td> - <td></td> - <td class="tdr">107.</td> - <td class="tdl">Devaar, Kintyre</td> - <td class="tdr">120</td> - <td class="tdc">"</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td></td> - <td></td> - <td></td> - <td></td> - <td class="tdr">108.</td> - <td class="tdl">Pladda, Arran</td> - <td class="tdr">130</td> - <td class="tdc">"</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td></td> - <td></td> - <td class="tdc">*</td> - <td></td> - <td class="tdr">109.</td> - <td class="tdl">Lamlash, Arran</td> - <td class="tdr">46</td> - <td class="tdc">"</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td></td> - <td class="tdc">*</td> - <td class="tdc">*</td> - <td></td> - <td class="tdr">110.</td> - <td class="tdl">Turnberry, Ayrshire</td> - <td class="tdr">96</td> - <td class="tdc">"</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdc">*</td> - <td class="tdc">*</td> - <td class="tdc">*</td> - <td></td> - <td class="tdr">111.</td> - <td class="tdl">Corsewall, Wigtown</td> - <td class="tdr">112</td> - <td class="tdc">"</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdc">*</td> - <td class="tdc">*</td> - <td class="tdc">*</td> - <td class="tdc">*</td> - <td class="tdr">112.</td> - <td class="tdl">Loch Ryan, Wigtown</td> - <td class="tdr">46</td> - <td class="tdc">"</td> - <td class="tdl">Ralph Ewing.</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdc">*</td> - <td class="tdc">*</td> - <td class="tdc">*</td> - <td class="tdc">*</td> - <td class="tdr">113.</td> - <td class="tdl">Portpatrick, Wigtown</td> - <td class="tdr">37</td> - <td class="tdc">"</td> - <td class="tdl">Jas. Beggs.</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdc">*</td> - <td class="tdc">*</td> - <td class="tdc">*</td> - <td class="tdc">*</td> - <td class="tdr">114.</td> - <td class="tdl">Mull of Galloway, Wigtown</td> - <td class="tdr">325</td> - <td class="tdc">"</td> - <td class="tdl">H. Morrison.</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td></td> - <td></td> - <td class="tdc">*</td> - <td></td> - <td class="tdr">115.</td> - <td class="tdl">Little Ross, Kirkcudbright</td> - <td class="tdr">175</td> - <td class="tdc">"</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td></td> - <td></td> - <td></td> - <td></td> - <td class="tdr">116.</td> - <td class="tdl">Point of Ayr</td> - <td class="tdc" rowspan="5"><img src="images/bracer_116.png" width="11" height="116" alt="}" /></td> - <td class="tdl" colspan="2" rowspan="5">Isle of Man.</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td></td> - <td></td> - <td></td> - <td></td> - <td class="tdr">117.</td> - <td class="tdl">Douglas Head</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td></td> - <td></td> - <td></td> - <td></td> - <td class="tdr">118.</td> - <td class="tdl">Chickens Rock</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td></td> - <td></td> - <td></td> - <td></td> - <td class="tdr">119.</td> - <td class="tdl">-1880. Bahama Rock <span class="allsmcap">L.V.</span></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td></td> - <td></td> - <td></td> - <td></td> - <td class="tdr">120.</td> - <td class="tdl">Longness <span class="allsmcap">L.V.</span></td> -</tr> -</table> - -<p>The last five stations are now placed at the head of the W. -of England stations under Mr. P. Kermode. We are sorry to -find a falling off in the returns this year and would have liked -to know if any reason can be assigned for the same.</p> - -<p>We have to thank Mr. McCulloch, at Kyleakin, for the careful -records of directions of flight of the species observed. These -are important, and a great assistance at arriving at conclusions.</p> - -<p>At Skervuile, owing to an accident to his hand, no notes were -kept by Mr. Ewing for some time between July and September, -but fewer birds were seen than for many years back.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_57">-57-</span></p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Turdidæ.</span>—In autumn, at Monach, Kyleakin, Skerryvore, -Dhuheartach, Rhinns of Islay, Corsewall, Loch Ryan, Mull of Galloway. -No records at any stations till Oct. 11th, when three Fieldfares -were killed at Monach. An indication of a rush was apparent -all through October after that date of <i>Turdidæ</i> and other species, -more especially at Rhinns of Islay. Latest records on Nov. 22nd, -prior to which date many Blackbirds and Thrushes frequented -Corsewall for a week during a covering of snow; therefore -probably only a local movement. At Kyleakin Song Thrushes -and Blackbirds resided all winter up to January, 1883. In -October no great rush observable, but indications of the same -migration observable on the E. coast were noticed at Corsewall -on the 14th, and at Dhuheartach and Rhinns of Islay on 17th; -and a few Blackbirds and Thrushes showed at Skerryvore on -13th. Eight Song Thrushes were killed one night also at -MacArthur's Head, and a single male Blackbird was seen in the -garden at Monach on Nov. 1st. A rush of "small birds" took -place during October, but in no large masses, at MacArthur's -Head and Rhinns of Islay, and at Corsewall and southward. -Three species of <i>Turdidæ</i> noticed.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Saxicolinæ.</span>—Spring records, as usual, are scanty; some five -records at five stations, <i>viz.</i>, Butt of Lewis, Skerryvore, Rhuvaal, -MacArthur's Head and Mull of Galloway. Earliest, March 9th -at Butt of Lewis; latest, on May 17th at MacArthur's Head, -mostly of single Wheatears. In autumn, a few records of -Wheatears from Skerryvore, Dhuheartach, Rhuvaal, and Rhinns -of Islay: the earliest, Aug. 17th at Dhuheartach; latest, Oct. -16th; and an evident rush on Aug. 23rd at Rhinns of Islay, and -again on Sept. 10th at Skerryvore, where over 100 were seen on -the rocks.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Silviinæ.</span>—Of Robins one spring record at Skerryvore on -April 9th, a single bird resting; fair S.S.E. and haze. In -autumn, at Kyleakin, Skerryvore, Lismore, Skervuile and Little -Ross. Earliest, a single bird on Aug. 17th, at Skervuile; latest, -two at Kyleakin (where, however, Robins arrived on Nov. 15th, and -remained all winter up to close of schedule on Jan. 27th, 1883). -An evident rush took place at Butt of Lewis between Sept. 14th -and 30th, with Wrens on the 26th, and with Wagtails on the -28th, 29th, and 30th; in November, a few Robins, accompanied -by Wrens and Linnets, at Lismore on 11th; and in October one -<span class="pagenum" id="Page_58">-58-</span> -Robin and one Wheatear, together, on 9th at Skerryvore. All -the records in August, September, and October accompanied by -easterly winds, the rush in September with N.E.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Phylloscopinæ.</span>—Of Golden-crested Wrens one spring record -at Mull of Galloway, on March 8th and 9th, when "great -numbers" were round the lantern at midnight; wind S.W., light, -clear. In autumn, earliest, Sept. 21st, at Corsewall, and 22nd and -25th at Loch Ryan; latest, and rush at Corsewall and Mull of -Galloway, on 15th and 16th, when "great numbers" round -lantern; strong E. and haze; straggling birds also, 8th and 9th, -at same places. A significant record is on Oct. 10th, at Rhinns -of Islay, north of which station we have no records. On that -date eight Golden-crested Wrens struck and one was killed; -wind light S.E., haze. The similarity of dates of occurrence at -Mull of Galloway on W. coast and Isle of May on E. coast this -year worthy of notice (see <a href="#General_Remarks1">General Remarks</a>).</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Paridæ.</span>—Of Titmice only two spring records, both at Mull of -Galloway; five killed at midnight, March 18th, and great numbers -flying round lantern on May 22nd; wind light E. Note approximation -of dates on W. and E. coasts (see <a href="#General_Remarks1">General Remarks</a>.)</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Troglodytinæ.</span>—Of Wrens one spring record at Skerryvore; -two flying about rock on May 24th; wind light N.W., clear. In -autumn one on Sept. 22nd, at Lismore. Latest, Nov. 11th, a few -at Lismore, and a partial rush on Oct. 8th, 9th and 11th, at -Corsewall, and on Oct. 11th and 26th at Lismore, the two latter -accompanied by Starlings and Robins.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Motacillidæ.</span>—In autumn three Wagtails at Skerryvore, on -Aug. 28th, two—male and female—in a garden at Kyleakin, -and a few on each day at Lismore, on Oct. 28th, 29th, and 30th, -with light N.E. winds. Of Pipits, four struck and two were -killed at Butt of Lewis, in strong W. breeze, on March 17th; -they were accompanied by Tree Sparrows. In autumn, hundreds -round the Little Ross on Sept. 6th, after 8 p.m., for two hours; -one killed at 12 noon, in light N. breeze, clear, at Dhuheartach, -on Oct. 28th. It is not often they are recorded as killed in the -daytime in clear weather. <i>Land Notes.</i>—An unusual number -of Pied Wagtails—fifty or more in one flock—on Sept. 25th, in -Kirkcudbright (J. J. Armistead, Esq.); also two Motacilla flava -seen on Sept. 11th,—a very rare occurrence at Douglas Hall.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Hirundinidæ.</span>—Swallows: Spring records at Kyleakin,<span class="pagenum" id="Page_59">-59-</span> -Skerryvore, Dhuheartach, Lismore, Corsewall, and Loch Ryan. -Seen first on April 12th at Corsewall, and April 15th at Loch -Ryan, where fifteen Swallows arrived with light N. wind and -sleet. Latest records on June 15th at Lismore, and 9th at -Skerryvore; not seen at Dhuheartach till May 14th. Other -records at Lismore on 10th, a flock, and 13th, another flock. -In autumn, one Swallow rested on window of lighthouse at -Dhuheartach, on Aug. 11th, and a final movement was observed -in September about the 14th and 15th, at Loch Ryan and -Mull of Galloway, besides a few other records at earlier dates. -<i>Land Notes.</i>—Swallow first seen at Douglas Hall, Dumfriesshire -on 7th. Mr. Howard Saunders, residing at St. Jean de Luz, in -the Basses Pyrénées, saw the first Swallow on March 25th, along -with many Wheatears and Redstarts. Woodcocks had passed -but in small numbers, and only two were seen in the market.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Fringillidæ.</span>—Tree Sparrows seen at Butt of Lewis on Feb. -20th, when four struck and two were killed; strong E. wind and -haze. Again six were seen at same place and two killed on -March 20th; and again six at the same place and one killed, on -April 8th. House Sparrows are recorded on May 27th, at -Skerryvore, flying about; and at MacArthur's Head—a number -all day—on May 8th. House Sparrows were also seen at Butt -of Lewis on Feb. 25th, with strong S.W. breeze, haze, and rain. -In autumn, House Sparrows, a large flock at Lismore on Oct. -24th; "Finches" on Oct. 10th, at Sound of Mull; Linnets, a -rush about 7th and 11th at Lismore, with a few earlier records; -and on Dec. 29th, at Monach, where all left on the 20th. Some -of these records probably apply to Grey Linnets, and the Monach -one likely to Twites or "Mountain Linnets." Four, possibly five, -species. <i>Land Notes.</i>—Four Siskins seen on sand-hills on Solway -Firth, on a patch of thistles; gone next morning, Oct. 17th -(J. J. Armistead.) Mr. Scot Skirving, of Edinburgh, mentions, -in lit., that the Chaffinch, was the most common of small birds -in Islay prior to the terrible winter of 1878, but after that very rare -indeed, until on Oct 22nd, 1880, a flock of some thousands appeared, -and since then they have again been fairly abundant.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Emberizidæ.</span>—Two Snow Buntings were seen at Butt of -Lewis on March 21st. Autumn records: Snow Bunting Oct. -15th at Kyleakin, to Dec. 12th at Butt of Lewis. No rush apparent -and records scanty; three or four in all in October and November.<span class="pagenum" id="Page_60">-60-</span> -One Yellow Bunting on Oct. 15th, at Kyleakin. Two or three -records at Dhuheartach also in October, November and December.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Alaudidæ.</span>—In end of migration of 1881-82, under date -Jan. 12th, 16th, 1882, and 18th, large parties of Larks are recorded -at Lismore; wind light S. No more records till autumn, 1882. -On Sept. 27th, at Corsewall, one on lantern. Latest date, -Dec. 27th, at Skerryvore, two found dead; light S.S.W. and -clear. Records of direction of flight usually S.E., but these -records are, as are too often the case, too meagre to assist us. -Direction of flight is earnestly asked for. A rush distinguishable -at Rhinns of Islay on Oct. 8th and 12th. Two Larks remained -all night on lantern at Dhuheartach, on Jan. 2nd, 1883.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Sturnidæ.</span>—Starling: in spring a large flock on March -11th at Butt of Lewis, but they are resident here, and rarely -come to the light; two were killed here, however, on June 7th. -A record at Mac Arthur's Head; great scarcity of records of -Starlings. A few autumn records only; numbers feeding for -days at Rhinns of Islay, end of August. A rush apparently took -place at Mac Arthur's Head, along with many "small birds," -between first week of October and 31st. Records scattered through -November, December, and January (1883).</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Corvidæ.</span>—"Black Crows" (probably Rooks?) which are -seldom seen at Skerryvore, showed in March, when three were -seen one day, and one rested on May 29th, and a "Grey Crow" -on 16th. In autumn, "Black Crows," a large flock during -snow, seen flying E. at Portpatrick on Dec. 14th. One Hooded -Crow on 26th at Monach, flying S.W. One Raven at Kyleakin -on 5th, flying S., light N.E. wind; and one Magpie ("very rare" -at Kyleakin) on Jan. 7th, 1883, flying S.E. One Jackdaw rested -on the rock on Feb. 11th (1883), and on the 19th two "Black -Crows "were seen flying in an easterly direction; wind S.W., -fresh and clear.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Cuculidæ.</span>—Records of arrivals of Cuckoos in spring are as -follows:—</p> - -<table summary="stations"> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">Mull of Galloway</td> - <td class="tdl">April</td> - <td class="tdr">30th.</td> - <td class="tdl">Variable, light airs.</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">Loch Ryan</td> - <td class="tdl">May</td> - <td class="tdr">5th.</td> - <td class="tdl">Strong N.W.</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">Corsewall</td> - <td class="tdc">"</td> - <td class="tdr">5th.</td> - <td class="tdl">Strong N.W.</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">Skervuile</td> - <td class="tdc">"</td> - <td class="tdr">19th.</td> - <td class="tdl">Light E., clear.</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">MacArthur's Head</td> - <td class="tdc">"</td> - <td class="tdr">10th.</td> - <td class="tdl">Light E. airs.</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">Lismore</td> - <td class="tdc">"</td> - <td class="tdr">15th.</td> - <td class="tdl">Light E. airs.</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">Kyleakin</td> - <td class="tdc"> "</td> - <td class="tdr">3rd.</td> - <td class="tdl"> ? ?</td> -</tr> -</table> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_61">-61-</span></p> - -<p><i>Land Notes.</i>—</p> - -<table summary="stations"> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">Kinharvie, near Dumfries</td> - <td class="tdl">May 3rd</td> - <td class="tdl">(<i>auct.</i> J. J. Armistead, Esq.).</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdl">Douglas Hall</td> - <td class="tdl">May 4th</td> - <td class="tdc">? ?</td> -</tr> -</table> - -<p>If a series of records could be obtained like the above from the -E. coast stations, a comparison might be useful.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Strigidæ.</span>—One record of Owl only. One "Owl" at Mull -of Galloway; strong E. breeze.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Falconidæ.</span>—No actual migration of Hawks discernible from -the records. Visit Dhuheartach daily through the season, and -seen at other stations occasionally. One Falcon at Kyleakin -seen flying S.; light E., rain and sleet. Land Notes.—On Sept. -27th a Buzzard seen at Douglas Hall (probably a migrant); and -on Nov. 1st a pair of Buzzards seen (J. J. Armistead, Esq.)</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Pelecanidæ.</span>—Movements of Gannets are noted at Lismore; -two seen on May 24th, and at Mull of Galloway on 21st—large -flock flying west, light E. breeze; and on 22nd about eighty -also flying W., with strong S. wind, clear. In July, great flights -flying S. all day at Loch Ryan, on the 8th, and two seen at -Skervuile. Great flights in August at Loch Ryan, flying N., -wind N.N.W., strong; Sept. 29th and 30th, at Skervuile, flying -S. At Butt of Lewis, daily, from March 15th till Sept. 15th. -"Daily, all the year round," at Kyleakin. Solan Geese had all -disappeared from the vicinity of Dhuheartach by Nov. 14th, and -they reappeared there again on Jan. 25th (1883), and other -records are up to Feb. 6th (1883.)</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Ardeidæ.</span>—Only one record given at Portpatrick, Nov. 6th, -N.W. gale, flying N.; but there can be no doubt of the greater -frequency of their visits all through the season.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Anatidæ.</span>—Wild Geese at Butt of Lewis, April 24th, when -forty seen flying S.W., and on 29th fourteen seen flying S.E.; -wind on both days fresh S. and rain. In August, at Monach, -two flying N.W., strong N. wind; on 30th and on 27th, two -flying S., at Rhinns of Islay, light E. In October, various flocks -of sixteen, eighteen, twenty-four, &c., with general E. winds, -coming and going in different directions at Monach, mostly -flying N.W., and at Kyleakin, but flying S.W. on Oct. 12th. -Also in November, between 3rd and 6th, at Rhinns of Islay and -Loch Ryan, small parties flying S., with different winds A few -records in December also, at Monach. Records of Eider Ducks -on Sept. 22nd and 27th, at Dhuheartach, males and females in<span class="pagenum" id="Page_62">-62-</span> -equal proportions; eighteen and twenty-four Eiders at Dhuheartach -on Dec. 3rd and 10th, males and females. A few -"Pintail Ducks" (?) at Monach on Nov. 13th, and one female -shot. Swan: four at Corsewall, flying N.E., on Sept 27th, fresh -S.E. <i>Land Notes.</i>—Black Scoters abundantly. Velvet Scoters -sparingly, but Scaup Ducks rarely seen on Solway Firth during -June and July. Common Scoter abundant in August; several -Velvet Scoters seen. Sept. 23rd, about fifty Wild Geese, finally -flew away over sea to S.S.E.; Oct. 1st, five Geese flew over -Douglas Hall; 2nd, more seen; twenty-four Geese seen on Oct, -14th (J. J. Armistead).</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Rallidæ.</span>—Corncrake at Rhinns of Islay, first seen on May -19th; at Dhuheartach one seen on the rock on May 8th (never -seen before here by Mr. Ewing); and at Kyleakin one heard on -May 31st. Directions of wind not given.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Charadriadæ.</span>—At Rhuvaal, three to four dozen young and -old Golden Plovers on Oct. 6th, and a few seen at Monach on -Nov. 13th, and a good many scattered over the islands at Monach -on Dec. 14th. Lapwings are also mentioned once or twice.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Scolopacidæ</span>, Woodcock.—The rush barely indicated at -Monach (odd bird) Oct. 11th; Lismore (two killed), Oct. 8th; and -one bird at Sound of Mull, Nov. 5th. Snipe also very slight movement, -principally at Rhinns of Islay. Of Curlew, many records -from Aug. 12th to Dec. 16th. Rush appears, if any took place, -to have been in September. Whimbrels are reported "very -scarce," only two records on July 21st, and on Aug. 15th, at -Skerryvore. There are also a few spring records of Curlews, -from February to June. <i>Land Notes.</i>—Aug. 8th, saw two -Greenshanks on Solway (J. J. Armistead, Esq.) It appears -possible that this bird breeds not far from the Solway, from -other information I have gained.—J. A. H. B. Four Turnstones -seen Aug. 31st, Solway (<i>auct. cit.</i>); also two hundred Bar-tailed -Godwits and thirty or forty Golden Plovers. No Knots yet.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Laridæ.</span>—Terns arrived at Rhinns of Islay on May 16th; at -Dhuheartach on May 12th; on Monach Islands, May 15th. -They were last seen at Skervuile on Sept. 6th. They leave Butt -of Lewis about Aug. 12th. They passed Lismore at night, -striking lantern, on Aug. 13th, and on 14th more, accompanied -by Larks. Of Gulls, "Boatswain Birds" were seen on June -21st, at MacArthur's Head, and there are records of them at<span class="pagenum" id="Page_63">-63-</span> -Skervuile, along with Kittiwakes and Black-headed Gulls, from -May 1st to 9th. Two "Dirty Allans" amongst a large flock -of Gulls, at Butt of Lewis on July 10th; Iceland Gull, flying -south, on Oct. 11th at Kyleakin; and great numbers of Kittiwakes -at Skervuile, on Oct. 3nd and 22nd. <i>Land Notes.</i>—Common -Terns at nesting haunts in Kirkcudbrightshire, but no eggs laid -by May 17th (<i>auct.</i> J. J. Armistead, Esq.) By Aug. 12th Terns -had left their nesting-ground (<i>auct. cit.</i>)</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Colymbidæ.</span>—Great Northern Diver seen at Kyleakin, near the -lighthouse, on May 10th, light E. wind; again on June 19th, -light W. wind. In autumn, at Monach, four seen, light S.E. -wind, rain, and fog; two flying S. at Corsewall on Nov. 21st, and -two, resting, on 22nd; two flying "towards N. Uist" (<i>i.e.</i> N.E.), -at Monach, on Dec. 15th, and one flying east at Corsewall on -Dec. 16th.</p> - - -<p class="caption3nb" id="General_Remarks1">General Remarks.</p> - -<p>A vast migration took place this year upon our E. coast, the -heaviest waves breaking upon the entrance to the Firth of Forth, -at the Isle of May station, and again at Pentland Skerries. Bell -Rock came in also for a share, though apparently, from the -schedules, a much smaller one than at the Isle of May. The -easterly winds prevailed all along our E. coast, generally strong -to gales, and the successions of south-easterly and easterly -gales in October, between the 8th and 23rd, occurring as they -did, just at the usual time of the principal migration, brought -vast numbers of land-birds to our shores. From Faroe in the -north to the extreme south of England this is found to have -been the case, but the usual blank on our Scottish coast occurs, -over a large extent of shore-line, from Dunnet Head, in Caithness, -all the way to Bell Rock. From all this great stretch -of coast, embracing no less than ten lighthouse stations, I -have only two schedules returned. These two schedules respectively -are from Cromarty, a closely landlocked station, and -the other from Chanonry, a still more completely landlocked -station,—both absolutely sheltered, as it were, from the track -of the great S.E. and easterly gales; I may therefore say that I -have not a single statistic of direct value, between Dunnet Head -and Bell Rock, as regards the general migration. My thanks<span class="pagenum" id="Page_64">-64-</span> -are none the less due, however, to Mr. Ritson, of Cromarty, and -to Mr. McGill, of Chanonry, as their notes will, without doubt, -prove of value if continued, and will assist us in arriving -at conclusions regarding more local movements of birds, dependent -upon food and shelter, which may prove none the less -interesting because of their connection with landlocked positions. -The absence of returns from this great stretch of coast-line is -much to be deplored, and at present I am perfectly unable to -state whether it is due entirely to absence of birds at all these -stations every season, which, however, I can hardly think is the -case, or if it is lack of interest at some of these stations. If the -latter, we can only say we regret that we have failed to arouse -sufficient interest in our subject. I cannot pass over this without -the one further remark, that if the lighthouse-keepers at -these stations would only return the schedules, with even a -<i>negative</i> statement, <i>every year</i>, it would facilitate our work. <i>The -absolute knowledge, that year after year no birds are seen at these -stations would be as valuable to us as positive data.</i> By a chance -visit to Buchan Ness—one of these stations—on the Aberdeenshire -coast, I learned that a Manx Shearwater was once captured -at the lights, and saw the specimen, and thus it was added to the -Aberdeenshire fauna, besides being an extremely rare visitant to -any portion of the E. coast. Had this been returned in a -schedule, I would have been doubly grateful for dates and circumstances -of the occurrence at the time. While I am on the -subject of addressing our reporters <i>let me once more earnestly -request them, in every case where possible, to state the directions in -which migratory flocks of birds are seen flying. This would greatly -facilitate our deductions from year to year; and especially would I -ask attention to this at all the more northerly stations, and all the -west coast stations</i>.</p> - -<p>Perhaps not the least remarkable migration was that of -<i>Regulus cristatus</i> (the Golden-crested Wren), extending in one -broad wave from Faroe southward along the whole coast, coming -with S. to S.E. to E. winds, reaching the Scottish stations by -Aug. 27th, and continuing to November 12th, but apparently not -reaching Faroe till Oct. 21st, when a great rush took place. It -is worthy of remark also that they were unusually abundant at -Isle of May in spring, a rush taking place in March, and -of females on March 10th. The stream in autumn, on the<span class="pagenum" id="Page_65">-65-</span> -Scotch coasts, lasted from 8th to 23rd, but did not begin in -Faroe till 20th or 21st. A vast general rush of many other -species reached our coasts also between Oct. 8th and 23rd. The -great waves of <i>Turdidæ</i> scarcely seem to have reached Faroe, as -we have only a few records of them thence in December, and the -same remark may be held to apply to many other species -mentioned.</p> - -<p>It is also important to note, that while so abundant at the -outlying station of Isle of May and Bell Rock on the E. coast, -there should have been an almost complete absence of any -of these species at the next station, a little higher up the Firth -of Forth, <i>viz.</i>, at Inch Keith; and to record that it appears to be -always with westerly winds that birds occur there. While there -were hundreds of records at Isle of May, there were none with -the same winds at Inch Keith, and only about ten records in all. -Its somewhat landlocked position accounts for this, and its being -sheltered from the S.E. winds places it on a similar footing with -Chanonry and Cromarty, in the Moray Firth. Weather.—Upon -our E. coasts, easterly and south-easterly winds prevailed -throughout the greater part of the migratory seasons, both in -spring and autumn, and reached forces of from fresh to gales. -On the W. coast the wind was for the most part westerly and north -westerly, rarely S. during spring, at the greater part of the -stations, and was easterly and south-easterly in autumn, seldom -reaching fresh or strong, or gales, as on the E. coast, usually -light, or from light E. or S.E. to variable. The above facts will -be considered, whilst we state next the distribution of the -migratory waves on the W. coast, in relation to those on the E. -coast. As in 1881, records on the W. coast begin to bulk more -largely towards the southern stations. All north of Rhinns -of Islay and MacArthur's Head the records of land-birds are -very scanty, and the lighthouse keepers remark upon the scarcity. -At usually (normally) crowded stations, such as Skervuile, they -are reported as yielding "fewer birds than for many years back." -Even at Rhinns of Islay the records are not large, but they -begin to show an increase at this point. Unfortunately I have -no autumn returns between Rhinns of Islay and Corsewall, which -latter is south of the Firth of Clyde.</p> - -<p>Now, if anything additional to the general bulk of the records -is required to show the line of migration of 1882, it is the<span class="pagenum" id="Page_66">-66-</span> -significant record of the Golden-crested Wren at Rhinns of -Islay on Oct. 10th, and at Corsewall and stations to the south, -but nowhere to the north of the former station. Now, it seems -that the strong easterly to S.E. gales on our E. coast, which -brought over such streams (rather than rushes) of birds,—such -countless thousands,—did not carry them forward across the -breadth of Scotland to any appreciable extent, but that the birds, -tired and storm-tossed, rapidly sought rest and shelter on arrival; -and that we have only on the W. coast indications that such a -great stream broke upon the E. coast. These indications, however, -are strong enough to enable us to mark out, with some -degree of certainty, the lines and turning-points of the stream.</p> - -<p>If we do this, by comparing the records of the various -schedules, we find that, south of the Firth of Clyde, the records -bulk most largely; and we also find that the dates agree with -those of the E. coast.</p> - -<p>MacArthur's Head and Rhinns of Islay appear to me, from -the bulking of records, similarity of dates, continuance of light -E. winds, and species occurring, to represent the turning-point -of the autumn migration from E. to W. Rhinns of Islay is a -salient angle, catching glimpses of passing birds from N.W. to -S.E. Otherwise, if the strong gales did not cause all birds to -drop for shelter on Scotland, it must have carried many far out -over the Atlantic, as in 1880. Isle of May sends in 19 schedules, -and Pentland Skerries 8. Bell Rock sends 2—thickly filled—and -North Ronaldshay 3, but bulking less than Bell Rock. What -has become of the many birds passing through the Pentland -Firth? We find little indication of them at the nine northerly -W. coast stations. Have many overshot the land and passed out -over the Atlantic?</p> - -<p>Another point worth noting, is the occurrence of many birds -in spring at the same stations frequented by the species in -autumn. Thus, at Mull of Galloway on March 8th and 9th, -with westerly winds. Goldcrests were abundant, and at the same -station on Oct. 15th and 16th, an autumn-rush took place, with -easterly and N.E. wind and haze. The same double records -occur at Bell Rock and Isle of May as regards many species, and -especially <i>Turdidæ</i> and <i>Regulus cristatus</i>. This "returning" -upon old lines has already been remarked upon by my colleague, -Mr. J. Cordeaux, in our Third Report (p. 38). Since these last<span class="pagenum" id="Page_67">-67-</span> -sentences were written, I have received the first of the 1883 -schedules from the Isle of May, and may here state what the -effects of the succession of N.E. gales in March have been on the -spring migration, leaving however the details of Mr. Agnew's -schedules to be worked into our next—1883—Report. I give -this in Mr. Agnew's own words, as I entirely coincide with the -opinions expressed. Mr. Agnew writes on the back of the -schedule as follows:—"With reference to your note on the -schedules sent, as to the effect of the N.E. gale of March 6th, -7th, and 8th, 1883, you will see from the entries inside that the -effect of that gale was almost to stop migration at the Isle -of May. Migration that had set in pretty briskly on the 2nd -almost ceased on the 5th, and from that date we had only a few -stragglers of the strongest wings, up to the 19th. I believe the -effect of that gale was to drive the birds that should have come -this way, away to the southward. Had the gale been from the -S.E. it would have been different here."</p> - -<p>In fact, a N.E. wind reaching such strengths as those -of March 1883 did, acts very much in the same way upon spring -migrants, pressing them more to the southward, as north-westerly -strong winds and gales act upon the autumn migrants, whose -normal course is from E. to W., or S. of E. to N. of W. It will -be interesting to trace this further from the schedules returned -from other stations, when they come in for 1883. Another point -to note in spring migration of 1883, will be the greater westering -of the return migrants, if we may use the expression, partly -consequent upon the greater westering of the autumn migrants, -caused by the long-continued and strong south-easterly winds -of the preceding autumn, and partly upon the north-easterly winds -of March pressing them down and deflecting their course to more -inland and sheltered lines.</p> - -<p>In this connection I would speak here of the great assembly -of the Pied Wagtails on the narrow stone horizontal moulding -above the upper windows of the General Post Office, Edinburgh, -where, upon March 17th, 1883, A. B. H., who recorded the facts -in the 'Scotsman' of that date, counted more than sixty; and -he adds, in a subsequent letter to me, "there was at least one -in every niche of the carved capitols of the columns. I think I -am quite within the mark when I say there were 150 birds -altogether." This flock roosted there on March 17th and 18th,<span class="pagenum" id="Page_68">-68-</span> -but disappeared on the 19th, owing, Mr. H. thinks, to a rise of -temperature and the wind going round from N.E. to S.E. Mr. H. -was informed that numbers, probably the same birds, were seen -feeding at Duddingstone Loch on the 18th. Now, several years -ago, a similar assemblage was noted at the same locality, by a -well-known Edinburgh ornithologist, but it occurred, not in spring -but in autumn, and a general movement was at that time also -noted by Mr. H., and recorded in the Proc. Ryl. Phyl. Soc. of -Edinburgh, on Jan. 15th, 1879, from which last noted records -of autumnal migration it would appear that he saw about seventy -Pied Wagtails on the roof a house in Edinburgh, in the middle -of September, 1878, and Mr. Scot Skirving, of Edinburgh, on a -previous occasion, saw some 300 at the General Post Office, but -the exact date of this latter record has unfortunately been lost or -mislaid, as we are unable, of course, to find out definitely the -meteorological phenomena accompanying the record.</p> - -<p>Further, my friend Mr. Eagle Clarke, notes the arrival of the -same species in the neighbourhood of the Ure River, near -Masham, Yorkshire, as early as Feb. 5th, 1883. Though resident -in the lowlands about Leeds, it is migratory to and from -the higher lands. Mr. Eagle Clarke has often seen as many as -200 in a flock, on a large lawn near Leeds.</p> - -<p>Mr. Agnew informs me, that with a S. wind there is little -migration past the Isle of May, and that S.E. is the best wind in -spring to permit of observations being made. Five Wagtails -were seen at Isle of May on the 29th and 30th, however, during a -gale from the S.</p> - -<p>The Spring Migration of 1883 seems to me to indicate the -direct effects of the N.E. gale, causing these Wagtails to keep -inland by a more sheltered route, which Wagtails in ordinary -weather would probably have passed up the coast-line and -crossed the entrance of the Firth of Forth, showing themselves -at Isle of May and Bell Rock stations. Mr. Robert Gray has, -I believe, frequently observed the spring arrivals of this species -on the west coast—in Ayrshire; and it will be interesting to see -if we can trace the movement up the west coast, <i>on the returning -lines</i>, when schedules are returned for 1883, from Mull of -Galloway and other west coast stations.</p> - -<p>I have dwelt upon these facts because I believe that our -appreciation of the general lines and of the laws regulating the<span class="pagenum" id="Page_69">-69-</span> -great annual migrations can be very greatly assisted by the study -of individual species on their migration, and good opportunities -are in this report afforded us of doing so by the records of several -species. One more remark:—It seems also worthy of note that -very possibly these Wagtails were finding their way <i>across</i> -Scotland from the Solway or the Clyde, and, resting on the -General Post Office buildings, repaired <i>south</i> for daily food—as -I have noticed birds do during the spring migration on the -Petchora, at Ust Zylma, and Habarika, in N. E. Russia; and on -the advent of a more favourable temperature and change of wind, -pursued their course northward. If these are correctly recorded -as Pied Wagtails,—as there is no reason to suppose is not so,—then -their destination would be the North of Scotland; but if -they were the White Wagtail or continental form, then, as far as -general records of migration guide us, they would probably <i>shoot -off</i> again at Isle of May or Bell Rock—towards the Continent. -Mr. Agnew's note of "very white Wagtails" at Isle of May -should be borne in mind in this connection (<i>antea</i>, p. 12).</p> - -<p>That a line of migration does occur across Scotland both in -spring and autumn between Forth and Clyde, I think, needs -little demonstration beyond what we have already stated in -previous reports; both from data and by referring to General -Remarks this seems perfectly obvious. The evidences of the sea -having at one time advanced inland a long distance past the very -spot in which I now live can scarcely be gainsaid; and Forth -and Clyde—by two separate branches—must at one time have -approached one another very much more closely than they now -do, and a comparatively narrow isthmus have been formed by at -least one of these two branches. As already remarked, it is -curious to find rare American and rare eastern species occurring -so frequently at localities on that line; witness as the latest -record of importance that of the Pectoral Sandpiper, <i>Tringa -maculata</i>, Vieillot, at Loch Lomond, after continuous and scarcely -failing easterly winds, on Nov. 24th, 1882.</p> - -<p>Sir Geo. Leith Buchanan informs me that he believes that -the wind was north-west at the time he shot the Pectoral Sandpiper, -but this was local, as prevailing winds were easterly at -that time. Sir George also tells me of the other birds of rare -occurrence which he has met with at the same locality, but no -notes at the time were taken of wind. These are as follows:—</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_70">-70-</span></p> - -<p>"Buonapartian Gull, in April 1851 or 1852. Black-tailed Godwit, -April, about same date. Shoveller found breeding, and two -since shot by keeper. Two Wood Sandpipers, one in August and -the other on Oct. 4th. One Little Stint in October, seen in -company with two others. The Spotted Crake must breed, as -every autumn I meet with them when Snipe-shooting. The -Shrike I obtained once in December, 1866, and I saw another -two or three winters since." I think if we thus endeavour to -group together rare occurrences, and collect lists from various -localities, we cannot fail to arrive at some conclusions regarding -the highways of migration. We are thus working from data up -to facts, without an undue amount of theorising.</p> - -<p>It is well known to naturalists that Swallows cross the Alps -by certain passes, as is also done by other species, regularly -year after year. People have often marvelled at the punctuality -of appearance of the Swallow and other species at certain -favourite resorts. There is nothing marvellous in it. When -the great general movement takes place, and the flights of birds -pass over old frequented and well-known spots, these are -recognised and promptly occupied by the hereditary occupants, -or, if found unoccupied by later migrants, they are then filled up. -This remark applies both in spring and autumn. In a former -Report I have instanced the arrivals of Wood Pigeons on the -Fife coast, and I have also instanced breeding-sites of birds -occupied for many years, unoccupied for two or more years, -and then reoccupied again. I am informed by Mr. A. B. Herbert -that some of the favourite alpine passes for the annual migration -of birds are the Albula and Bermina Passes into the -Adda Valley and Lake Como, returning the same way in -spring. If this regularity occurs during the passage of the -bulk of migratory birds, I think there are good reasons for -believing that a similar regularity appears in the distribution -along certain lines of rare visitants, even if travelled all the -way from America or the Asiatic steppes and tundras. No -doubt they get into the groove—so to speak—and carry on in -company with the main flocks of other species, joining issue with -them along the great highways of migration, which I think have -been well pointed out in many cases by Palmén and Herr -Weissmann. Though the article by the latter has been -abundantly criticised and even pooh-poohed, I venture to record<span class="pagenum" id="Page_71">-71-</span> -my firm belief that there is more in it than appeared on the -surface, and that the more we know of migration the more fully -will his theory be borne out.</p> - -<p>It is known to naturalists that some species which are known -to breed in the highest northern latitudes travel on migration to -the furthest southern localities. Let us instance the Knot -(<i>Tringa canuta</i>). Temperature has to do with this directly. -What a vast breeding-ground of this species, as yet undiscovered, -must there be somewhere in the far north if we witness the great -streams on their annual migration along our coasts. In spring -they travel on and on towards the north until they find a -temperature cool enough for the successful hatching and rearing -of their young, reaching their far off summer quarters even before -insect-life has begun to show itself, after the long Arctic winter; -and, with the strength and vigour of a far northern-bred species, -they adapt themselves to the only food existing—the fronds of -lichen laid bare by the first melting of the snow. The hardiness -of the race, bred thus on the shores of the Arctic seas, induces -the vigour and "fitness" which enables them to travel so far -again to the southward in autumn and winter; and it is the -annual overflow of their vast numbers, pressing behind those in -the van, which—as it were—adds impulse to the ability, and -carries them forward. They press forward in autumn to fresh -feeding-grounds as those behind are taken up by others succeeding -them.</p> -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter"> -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_72">-72-</span></p> - - -<p class="pmt2">The Report for the <span class="caption3nc">West Coast of England</span>, although -frequently applied for by the Secretary, has up to this date not -been received.</p> - -<p class="pmb2"><i>August 26th, 1883.</i></p> -</div> -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter"> -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_73">-73-</span></p> - -<h2 class="nobreak" id="IRISH_COAST">IRISH COAST.</h2> -</div> - - -<p>In the spring of 1882 forty schedules were forwarded to the -light-keepers, and in the autumn forty-one. Thirty-one stations -returned answers in the spring, and thirty-two in the autumn.</p> - -<p>The same stations were selected as in the autumn of 1881, -with the exception of Dursey Island, which was substituted for -the Calf Rock; and Dungarvan, which was added in the autumn -of 1882.</p> - -<p>Some improvement in filling the schedules is apparent. A -few errors in the identification of species probably have been -made, but no blame is attached to the light-keepers, who -gratuitously observe for us to the best of their ability.</p> - -<p>In accordance with a desire expressed by the other members -of the Committee, and for the sake of uniformity, the observations -have been arranged under each species instead of under the day -of the month, and the light-stations are arranged geographically, -beginning at the Fastnet, in Cork, and going round by the east -and north to the west coast. The entries in the spring schedules -are placed first under each species.</p> - -<p>The severe frost which visited these islands for about ten -days, beginning on December 6th, caused a local migration of -many land-birds to the sea-coast, and several entries occur in -the schedules at this time.</p> - -<p>The weather observations taken by the light-keepers, when of -an ordinary character, have been sometimes omitted; but with -scarcely an exception every entry in the schedules, which refers -to the occurrence of a particular species on a given date, is -recorded.</p> - -<p>The name given by the light-keepers to the birds is always -adopted, and generally without comment; but occasionally -inverted commas are used when it appears advantageous to -insert them.</p> - -<p>Looking through the records, and comparing them with -reports from the English coast and elsewhere, it is evident that<span class="pagenum" id="Page_74">-74-</span> -Ireland lies comparatively out of the track of migrants, and its -western stations are especially poor.</p> - -<p>The Tuskar Rock, on the Wexford coast, is certainly the best -station. Large numbers of migrants strike the lantern there, -and many are killed. Being the nearest land to the Welsh -coast, and the extreme south-eastern point of Ireland, the -Tuskar is well situated for observation.</p> - -<p>A Snowy Owl was shot on the Island of Innishtrahull, off the -coast of Donegal, and forwarded by the light-keeper there to the -Museum of Science and Art, Keldare Street, Dublin.</p> - -<p>Observations on Gulls and Gannets are numerous, and it is -difficult to estimate their value, as some light-keepers have given -them much attention, while others have scarcely noticed these -species owing to their frequent occurrence.</p> - -<p>The presence of the Gannet all round the coast during the -breeding season would seem to show that a large proportion do -not breed. The little Skellig Rock, off the Kerry coast, is the -only Irish breeding-place of the Gannet; and when visited in -1880, by Mr. Barrington, there were scarcely thirty pairs -breeding.</p> - -<p>In the returns many entries occur which probably do not -refer to migrating birds, but it has been thought prudent not to -omit any from the printed report.</p> - -<p>It is remarked by some light-keepers that more birds strike -fixed than revolving or flash lights.</p> - -<p>Attention is called to the great scarcity of Starlings in 1882 -in several schedules.</p> - -<p>Conclusions are premature for a year or two, and it is as well -to let the observations of the light-keepers speak for themselves.</p> - -<p>Great results are not anticipated from this enquiry, but few -satisfactory ones will be forthcoming unless it be continued; it -is therefore essential that the light-keepers should assist us for -some years longer, and we trust they will do so.</p> - -<p>To Captain Boxer, R.N., Inspector of Irish Lights, we are -again indebted for friendly aid; as well as to the Commissioners -of Irish Lights, who were good enough to take forty copies of -last year's report, and distribute them to the various observers.</p> - -<p class="tdr">Alexander G. More. <br /> -Richard M. Barrington.</p> - - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_75">-75-</span></p> - - -<p class="caption3nb"><span class="smcap">List of Light-stations.</span></p> - -<table summary="stations"> -<tr> - <td colspan="2"></td> - <td class="tdc">Sp.</td> - <td class="tdc">Au.</td> - <td class="tdc">Miles<br />from<br />shore.</td> - <td class="tdl">Names of Observers.</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdr">1.</td> - <td class="tdl">Fastnet, Co. Cork</td> - <td class="tdc">o</td> - <td class="tdc">o</td> - <td class="tdc">8</td> - <td></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdr">2.</td> - <td class="tdl">Galley Head, do.</td> - <td class="tdc">x</td> - <td class="tdc">x</td> - <td class="tdc">-</td> - <td class="tdl">John Whelan.</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdr">3.</td> - <td class="tdl">Old Head, Kinsale, do.</td> - <td class="tdc">x</td> - <td class="tdc">x</td> - <td class="tdc">-</td> - <td class="tdl">George Dunleavy and Martin Kennedy.</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdr">4.</td> - <td class="tdl">Mine Head, Waterford</td> - <td class="tdc">x</td> - <td class="tdc">o</td> - <td class="tdc">-</td> - <td class="tdl">Joseph Hammond.</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdr">5.</td> - <td class="tdl">Dungarvan, do.</td> - <td class="tdc">-</td> - <td class="tdc">x</td> - <td class="tdc">-</td> - <td class="tdl">Wm. Higginbotham.</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdr">5.</td> - <td class="tdl">Coningbeg Lt.-ship, Wexford</td> - <td class="tdc">x</td> - <td class="tdc">x</td> - <td class="tdc">10</td> - <td class="tdl">Patrick Cullen.</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdr">6.</td> - <td class="tdl">Barrels Rock Lt.-ship, do.</td> - <td class="tdc">o</td> - <td class="tdc">x</td> - <td class="tdc">4</td> - <td class="tdl">Michael Doyle.</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdr">7.</td> - <td class="tdl">Tuskar, do.</td> - <td class="tdc">x</td> - <td class="tdc">x</td> - <td class="tdc">7</td> - <td class="tdl">Richard Hamilton.</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdr">8.</td> - <td class="tdl">Arklow S. Lt.-ship, Wicklow</td> - <td class="tdc">x</td> - <td class="tdc">o</td> - <td class="tdc">7</td> - <td class="tdl">William O'Shea.</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdr">9.</td> - <td class="tdl">Wicklow Head</td> - <td class="tdc">o</td> - <td class="tdc">o</td> - <td class="tdc">-</td> - <td></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdr">10.</td> - <td class="tdl">Kish Bank Lt.-ship, Dublin</td> - <td class="tdc">x</td> - <td class="tdc">x</td> - <td class="tdc">7</td> - <td class="tdl">William Daly.</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdr">11.</td> - <td class="tdl">Howth Baily, do.</td> - <td class="tdc">o</td> - <td class="tdc">x</td> - <td class="tdc">-</td> - <td class="tdl">William Dunne and James Higginbotham.</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdr">12.</td> - <td class="tdl">Rockabill, do.</td> - <td class="tdc">o</td> - <td class="tdc">x</td> - <td class="tdc">5</td> - <td class="tdl">Joseph Hammond.</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdr">13.</td> - <td class="tdl">Copeland Island, Down</td> - <td class="tdc">x</td> - <td class="tdc">x</td> - <td class="tdc">3</td> - <td class="tdl">John Walsh.</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdr">14.</td> - <td class="tdl">Maidens, Antrim</td> - <td class="tdc">x</td> - <td class="tdc">x</td> - <td class="tdc">5</td> - <td class="tdl">Patrick Keenan.</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdr">15.</td> - <td class="tdl">Rathlin, do.</td> - <td class="tdc">x</td> - <td class="tdc">x</td> - <td class="tdc">6</td> - <td class="tdl">John A. Murray.</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdr">16.</td> - <td class="tdl">Innishtrahull, Donegal</td> - <td class="tdc">x</td> - <td class="tdc">x</td> - <td class="tdc">-</td> - <td class="tdl">W. H. James.</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdr">17.</td> - <td class="tdl">Dunree Head, do.</td> - <td class="tdc">x</td> - <td class="tdc">x</td> - <td class="tdc">-</td> - <td class="tdl">John Stapleton.</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdr">18.</td> - <td class="tdl">Lough Swilly, do.</td> - <td class="tdc">x</td> - <td class="tdc">x</td> - <td class="tdc">-</td> - <td class="tdl">Henry Redmond.</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdr">19.</td> - <td class="tdl">Tory Island, do.</td> - <td class="tdc">o</td> - <td class="tdc">x</td> - <td class="tdc">9</td> - <td class="tdl">Thomas Sweeny.</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdr">20.</td> - <td class="tdl">Arranmore, do.</td> - <td class="tdc">x</td> - <td class="tdc">x</td> - <td class="tdc">5</td> - <td class="tdl">Henry Williams.</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdr">21.</td> - <td class="tdl">Rathlin O'Birne, do.</td> - <td class="tdc">o</td> - <td class="tdc">x</td> - <td class="tdc">2</td> - <td class="tdl">Joseph Hill.</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdr">22.</td> - <td class="tdl">Killybegs, do.</td> - <td class="tdc">o</td> - <td class="tdc">x</td> - <td class="tdc">-</td> - <td class="tdl">Daniel Hawkins.</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdr">23.</td> - <td class="tdl">Oyster Island, N. Sligo</td> - <td class="tdc">x</td> - <td class="tdc">x</td> - <td class="tdc">1</td> - <td class="tdl">John Young.</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdr">24.</td> - <td class="tdl">Broadhaven, Mayo</td> - <td class="tdc">x</td> - <td class="tdc">x</td> - <td class="tdc">-</td> - <td class="tdl">Joseph Williams and Michael Duffy.</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdr">25.</td> - <td class="tdl">Eagle Island, E., do.</td> - <td class="tdc">x</td> - <td class="tdc">o</td> - <td class="tdc">2</td> - <td class="tdl">Robert W. Redmond.</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdr">26.</td> - <td class="tdl">Eagle Island, W., do.</td> - <td class="tdc">x</td> - <td class="tdc">x</td> - <td class="tdc">2</td> - <td class="tdl">Matthew Healy.</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdr">27.</td> - <td class="tdl">Blackrock, do</td> - <td class="tdc">x</td> - <td class="tdc">o</td> - <td class="tdc">9</td> - <td class="tdl">Martin Kennedy.</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdr">28.</td> - <td class="tdl">Blacksod Point, do.</td> - <td class="tdc">x</td> - <td class="tdc">o</td> - <td class="tdc">-</td> - <td class="tdl">J. Williams.</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdr">29.</td> - <td class="tdl">Clare Island, do.</td> - <td class="tdc">x</td> - <td class="tdc">x</td> - <td class="tdc">4</td> - <td class="tdl">J. Reilly and G. H. Brownell.</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdr">30.</td> - <td class="tdl">Slyne Head, N., Galway</td> - <td class="tdc">x</td> - <td class="tdc">x</td> - <td class="tdc">3</td> - <td class="tdl">John Gillan and Robert Tyrrell.</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdr">31.</td> - <td class="tdl">Slyne Head, S., do.</td> - <td class="tdc">x</td> - <td class="tdc">o</td> - <td class="tdc">-</td> - <td class="tdl">William Callaghan.</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdr">32.</td> - <td class="tdl">Arran Island, N., do.</td> - <td class="tdc">x</td> - <td class="tdc">x</td> - <td class="tdc">9</td> - <td class="tdl">John Kelly.</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdr">33.</td> - <td class="tdl">Straw Island, do.</td> - <td class="tdc">x</td> - <td class="tdc">x</td> - <td class="tdc">9</td> - <td class="tdl">Charles Boyle.</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdr">34.</td> - <td class="tdl">Straw Island, S., do.</td> - <td class="tdc">o</td> - <td class="tdc">x</td> - <td class="tdc">6</td> - <td class="tdl">John O'Donnell.</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdr">35.</td> - <td class="tdl">Loop Head, Clare</td> - <td class="tdc">o</td> - <td class="tdc">o</td> - <td class="tdc">-</td> - <td></td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdr">36.</td> - <td class="tdl">Samphire Island, Kerry</td> - <td class="tdc">x</td> - <td class="tdc">x</td> - <td class="tdc">½</td> - <td class="tdl">Michael O'Donnell and J. Williams.</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdr">37.</td> - <td class="tdl">Tearaght, do.</td> - <td class="tdc">x</td> - <td class="tdc">x</td> - <td class="tdc">9</td> - <td class="tdl">Edward McCarron.</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdr">38.</td> - <td class="tdl">Valentia, do.</td> - <td class="tdc">x</td> - <td class="tdc">x</td> - <td class="tdc">-</td> - <td class="tdl">Thomas McKenna and Joseph Williams.</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdr">39.</td> - <td class="tdl">Skelligs, do.</td> - <td class="tdc">x</td> - <td class="tdc">x</td> - <td class="tdc">9</td> - <td class="tdl">Henry Gardiner.</td> -</tr> -<tr> - <td class="tdr">40.</td> - <td class="tdl">Dursey Island, Cork</td> - <td class="tdc">x</td> - <td class="tdc">x</td> - <td class="tdc">½</td> - <td class="tdl">James Keenan.</td> -</tr> -</table> - -<p><span style="margin-left: 1em;"><span class="smcap">Abbreviations</span></span><br /> - -<span style="margin-left: 1em;">sp = Spring Au = Autumn</span><br /> -<span class="pagenum" id="Page_76">-76-</span><span style="margin-left: 1.5em;">o = No reply. x = Schedule returned partly or wholly filled.</span></p> - - -<p class="caption3nb"><span class="smcap">General Remarks of Light-Keepers.</span></p> - -<p><i>Galley Head.</i>—"Spring: There is a total absence of land-birds -at this station. Autumn: Sea-birds passing are, I may -say, the only birds to be seen. The Curlew and 'Small Black -Crow' are here all the year round."—John Whelan.</p> - -<p><i>Old Head, Kinsale.</i>—"Spring: No migration of birds observed -this spring."—George Dunleavy.</p> - -<p><i>Dungarvan.</i>—"Autumn: With very rare exceptions no birds -strike this lantern."—William Higginbotham.</p> - -<p><i>Coningbeg Light-ship.</i>—"Autumn: Very few birds killed -against lantern since the light was changed from steady to -flash light."—Patrick Cullen.</p> - -<p><i>Barrels Rock Light-ship.</i>—"Autumn: This is a very quick -red light, flashing 30"; no birds ever struck the lantern. I -believe the quick revolution frightens them away, as in fog and -thick weather no birds ever stay about the light like the ships -that have the bright light."—Michael Doyle.</p> - -<p><i>Tuskar Rock.</i>—"Spring: Not many birds this spring: a good -deal more last year. Autumn: The 'Black Diver' leaves about -May 1st, and returns in October."—Richard Hamilton.</p> - -<p><i>Kish Bank Light-ship.</i>—"Autumn: Very few birds pass this -station. Birds seldom strike our lantern, as it is a revolving -light. September and October are the chief months for the -migration of birds from the Welsh coast."—William Daly.</p> - -<p><i>Howth Baily.</i>—"Autumn: Sea Gulls and Cormorants all -through the winter. Puffins disappeared about middle of -December."—William Dunne.</p> - -<p><i>Copeland Island.</i>—"Autumn: Large numbers of birds resort -to this island and Mew Island during the winter months, and -generally leave early in March. The species seen daily are as -follows:—Oystercatchers, about 50; Wild Duck, 10 to 40; -Sandpipers, 20; Cormorants, 8 to 10; Starlings, 20 to 40; -Blackbirds, 4 to 6; 'Grey' Plover, 2 to 20; Curlew, 10 to 100 in -each flock."—John Walsh.</p> - -<p><i>South Maidens.</i>—"I saw no birds strike the lantern since I -came to this station."—Patrick Keenan.</p> - -<p><i>Rathlin.</i>—"Spring: The Ducks are breeding on every little -pond and moss on the island; the 'Shell Duck' breeds here.<span class="pagenum" id="Page_77">-77-</span> -Any amount of sea-birds. Jan. 14th, 1883, the species of birds -remaining on the island at this date are:—'Large Gulls, -Sparrows, Linnets, Stonechats, Black Crows, White-backed -Crows, Golden Plover, Green Plover, Bald Coot, Curlew, Wild -Duck, Snipe, Redshank or Sandpiper, Starling (they have been -scarce), Blackbirds, Thrushes, Cormorants, Water Wagtails, one -Snow Bunting (very few this season).'"—John A. Murray.</p> - -<p><i>Dunree Head.</i>—"Autumn: Cormorants are here all the year -round; they build their nest under the lighthouse. They go up -the Lough every morning, and return in the evening. No birds -strike this light. Land-birds are very scarce."—John Stapleton.</p> - -<p><i>Lough Swilly.</i>—"Autumn: Birds seldom strike this lantern. -Barnacle Duck and Widgeon frequent the head of Lough Swilly -from about Oct. 1st to end of March."—Henry Redmond.</p> - -<p><i>Arranmore.</i>—"Spring: The birds that breed on this island -are 'Stonechats,' 'Gulls,' 'Puffins,' 'Ravens,' 'Goldfinches,' -'Hawks,' and 'Red-legged Jackdaws' (Choughs). Autumn: This -station seems out of the line of passing birds."—Henry Williams.</p> - -<p><i>Killybegs.</i>—"Autumn: The number of birds striking the -lantern has been very few since 1879; only the two named in the -schedule (Woodcock) have struck up to the present. The frost -and snow of 1879 made great havoc among Thrushes, Blackbirds, -Starlings, and Fieldfares. I saw no Starlings since 1881, which -is very unusual. In the spring of 1882 I saw two very fine -specimens of the Northern Diver; they remained until late in -summer. Puffins arrive in large numbers early in July, and -usually leave <i>en masse</i> towards the middle of August. Cormorants -muster pretty strongly in the autumn months. Several Grey -Gulls and four or five Black-headed remained here during the -present winter. I observed one Gull a few days ago of a dirty -white or creamy colour, no feathers of any other colour being -visible. The Sea Swallow, or 'Pirr Gull,' used to visit us in -thousands formerly; but since the autumn of 1878 not one has -been seen here. When stationed at the mouth of the Boyne, in -1876, a few of these birds used to breed there, laying their eggs -on the top of little sandy hillocks."—Daniel Hawkins.</p> - -<p><i>Oyster Island, North.</i>—"Scarcely any land-birds visit this -island."—John Young.</p> - -<p><i>Broadhaven.</i>—"Autumn: The Gannet does not breed on the -Stags, but is to be seen after herring."—Michael Duffy.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_78">-78-</span></p> - -<p><i>Eagle Island, East.</i>—"Spring: did not observe any birds of -a migratory kind pass this island."—Robert W. Redmond.</p> - -<p><i>Eagle Island, West.</i>—"Autumn: I have carefully watched -the movements of birds, and have not found anything worth -reporting. Sea-fowl occasionally after herring in large groups; -but they come and go no particular way."—Matthew Healy.</p> - -<p><i>Clare Island.</i>—"Autumn: Very few migratory birds at this -station in 1882, with the exception of Gulls, Guillemots, Puffins, -and Razorbills, of which large numbers arrived in the latter part -of March, and left on Aug. 18th. Cormorants and Kittiwakes all -the year round. Large numbers of Grouse from August to -January. Snipe and Woodcock, November to March. Two -large Eagles have their eyrie on the cliffs of a mountain close to -the lighthouse: they kill several lambs. Geese, Ducks, and -Hens, and carry them to the mountain with the greatest ease."—George -H. Brownell.</p> - -<p><i>Slyne Head, North.</i>—"Autumn: Very few land-birds visit -this station."—Robert Tyrrell.</p> - -<p><i>Slyne Head, South.</i>—"Spring: The Tern used to arrive for -breeding perhaps about May 4th or 6th; this year they did not -come until June 4th, and not one bird hatched on the island this -year. Sea-hawks arrive the first week in April, and leave about -the end of October. I have not seen a Crow for two years, nor a -Starling this year."—William Callaghan.</p> - -<p><i>Arran Island, North.</i>—"Autumn: No birds struck the lantern -in 1882. I have not observed any Blackbirds, Thrushes, or -Starlings, during the past year."—John Kelly.</p> - -<p><i>Straw Island.</i>—"Autumn: All descriptions of birds were -fewer this year than usual."—Charles Boyle.</p> - -<p><i>Arran Island, South.</i>—"Autumn: Only a few 'Stares' struck -the lantern this winter."—John O'Donnell.</p> - -<p>Samphire Island.—"Spring: Not a single bird struck last -winter, the chief cause being that we have a red light all round -east and south, which birds never strike. Almost all birds strike -with S.E. winds, and generally on the east side of the lantern."—Michael -O'Donnell.</p> - -<p><i>Tearaght Rock.</i>—"Spring: The Sea-parrots are so plentiful -here (April 25th) that on some occasions the whole island is -completely covered with them: they are just now beginning to -find their way into their holes. There is some solitary bird here,<span class="pagenum" id="Page_79">-79-</span> -so it seems, makes a noise so loud, or crows so loud, in the cliffs, -that one can hear it distinctly in the dwellings. It sounds something -as follows: 'kuck, kuck, ko, kuck, kuck, ko.' This is -repeated a few times, and then there is an interval of some -minutes. So far I can neither see nor hear it in the daytime. -It is called in this place the 'Night-bird.' (See 'Zoologist,' -January, 1883). The Sea-parrot does not lay more than one -egg unless it is taken away, when another is laid at the end of a -week, and if this is taken away another egg is laid; then no -more are laid that year. The young remain in their holes until -they are fully feathered. They leave them in July, and are well -guarded in the sea by the old birds. It is my opinion they do -not ascend on the island any more after they have left their -holes. The only way the young birds are distinguished from the -old ones the following spring is that their feet are still a little -black. The Razorbill begins to lay its egg about May 18th. -The parent birds relieve each other while hatching. I actually -saw one Razorbill come up to another which was on the egg, -peck it, when off it went, and the new comer at once took its -place. The Stormy Petrels breed here, but in small quantity. -Autumn: Referring to the cry of the 'Night-bird' (Manx Shearwater -), the letter 'a' should be added to the 'ko,' and it would -then read, 'kuck, kuck, ko-a.' The cry is as distinct as that of -the Cuckoo, and would be heard about the same distance. I -never remember to have seen a Crested Cormorant until I came -here. Starlings and Thrushes come off with easterly winds -when there is frost or snow on the mainland. About a dozen -Grey Linnets remained here during December; also a few Snow -Buntings. There are a couple of hundred Titlarks summer and -winter; they do not migrate. The same might be said of the -Common Wren; about a dozen."—Edward McCarron.</p> - -<p><i>Valentia.</i>—"Spring: No bird struck this lantern for five -years. This point is too far west, and is out of the track of -migrating birds."—Thomas McKenna.</p> - - -<p><span class="smcap">Eagle.</span></p> - -<p><i>Skelligs.</i>—April 4th, two Eagles flying about the island.</p> - - -<p><span class="smcap">Hawk.</span></p> - -<p><i>Rathlin Island.</i>—April 1st, five Hawks, stopping in vicinity. -June 22nd, four seen.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_80">-80-</span></p> - -<p><i>Innishtrahull.</i>—March 5th, small Hawks.</p> - -<p><i>Slyne Head, South.</i>—May 26th, two Hawks, noon to 4 p.m. -"There are many Sea Hawks about this island. They arrive the -first week in April, and leave about the end of October."</p> - -<p><i>Howth Baily.</i>—Dec. 13th, two Hawks. Jan. 2nd, one.</p> - -<p><i>Rathlin Island.</i>—Nov. 10th, "two Game Hawks coursing a -Pigeon;" 16th, one Sparrow Hawk.</p> - -<p><i>Innishtrahull.</i>—Dec. 16th, one Hawk; 19th, ditto.</p> - -<p><i>Arranmore.</i>—Nov. 18th, one.</p> - -<p><i>Killybegs.</i>—Nov. 26th, two remained about a week.</p> - -<p><i>Clare Island.</i>—Nov. 23rd, two Kestrels.</p> - -<p><i>Tearaght.</i>—Dec. 9th, "one Falcon." Jan. 8th, 1883, two -Sparrow Hawks.</p> - -<p><i>Dungarvan.</i>—Nov. 14th, one Sparrow Hawk; 16th, one -"Falcon Hawk;" 25th, two Sparrow Hawks. Jan. 4th, 1883, -one.</p> - - -<p><span class="smcap">Snowy Owl.</span></p> - -<p><i>Innishtrahull.</i>—Nov. 19th, one shot (now in Museum of -Science and Art, Kildare Street, Dublin).</p> - - -<p><span class="smcap">Thrush.</span></p> - -<p><i>Slyne Head, North.</i>—April 17th., one Thrush killed, 2 a.m., -striking lantern; 29th, flocks of Thrushes pitched on this -island. July 8th, five Thrushes struck lantern, one killed.</p> - -<p><i>Skelligs.</i>—Jan. 3rd, 1882, eight Thrushes perched on island.</p> - -<p><i>Galley Head.</i>—Dec. 13th, Thrushes going south.</p> - -<p><i>Old Head, Kinsale.</i>—Dec. 6th, hundreds of "Mountain -Thrush;" 8th, some hundreds of Thrushes.</p> - -<p><i>Tuskar Rock.</i>—Oct. 13th, Thrushes continually striking, ten -killed, and one "Mountain Thrush."</p> - -<p><i>Kish Bank Light-ship.</i>—Oct. 12th, 13th and 14th, Thrushes -about lantern.</p> - -<p><i>Howth Baily.</i>—Oct. 14th, two killed. Dec. 9th, one seen; -11th, one; 12th to 18th, several about station, frost. Jan. 13th, -1883, Thrushes about light.</p> - -<p><i>Rockabill.</i>—Oct. 4th, Thrushes. Dec. 12th, ditto.</p> - -<p><i>Copeland Island.</i>—Nov. 9th, two Thrushes killed. Dec. 18th, -four ditto.</p> - -<p><i>Innishtrahull.</i>—Oct. 15th, Thrushes about lantern, one killed. -Nov. 7th, Thrushes. Jan. 5th, 1883, ditto.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_81">-81-</span></p> - -<p><i>Lough Swilly.</i>—Dec. 14th, one.</p> - -<p><i>Tory Island.</i>—Oct. 19th, one struck, not killed. Dec. 10th, -one seen.</p> - -<p><i>Arranmore.</i>—Oct. 22nd, one. Nov. 18th, one.</p> - -<p><i>Rathlin O'Birne.</i>—Dec. 13th, one Thrush.</p> - -<p><i>Killybegs.</i>—Dec. 10th, about twenty came when the frost -began.</p> - -<p><i>Clare Island.</i>—Dec. 9th, several.</p> - -<p><i>Tearaght.</i>—Dec. 14th, half a dozen Thrushes; 24th, a dozen.</p> - -<p><i>Valentia.</i>—Oct. 8th, one killed against lantern.</p> - -<p><i>Skelligs.</i>—Nov. 3rd, ten. During December a few were -observed daily on island; also on Jan. 8th, 1883.</p> - -<p><i>Dursey Island.</i>—Oct. 21st, four Thrushes going E.</p> - - -<p><span class="smcap">Fieldfare.</span></p> - -<p><i>Valentia.</i>—Nov. 29th, two Fieldfares.</p> - -<p><i>Dungarvan.</i>—Nov. 11th, twelve.</p> - - -<p><span class="smcap">Blackbird.</span></p> - -<p><i>Slyne Head, North.</i>—March 20th, one Blackbird killed -against lantern, 3 a.m.</p> - -<p><i>Skelligs.</i>—Jan. 25th, four Blackbirds on island. April 3rd, -three ditto.</p> - -<p><i>Old Head, Kinsale.</i>—Dec. 8th, several Blackbirds.</p> - -<p><i>Barrels Rock Light-ship.</i>—Dec. 7th, four flying north.</p> - -<p><i>Tuskar Rock.</i>—Oct. 7th, one; 13th, thirty struck, all killed. -Nov. 14th, three ditto.</p> - -<p><i>Kish Bank Light-ship.</i>—Oct. 14th, Blackbirds about lantern. -Nov. 15th, hen Blackbird killed, "being the first bird I have -seen killed by our lantern for the last two years." Dec. 10th, -two blackbirds.</p> - -<p><i>Howth Baily.</i>—Dec. 6th, fourteen in fields; 12th, one. -Jan. 13th, 1883, five about light.</p> - -<p><i>Rockabill.</i>—Oct. 4th and 12th, Blackbirds striking lantern. -Dec. 12th, Blackbirds seen.</p> - -<p><i>Copeland Island.</i>—Sept. 21st, three Blackbirds killed. Oct. -8th, one ditto. Dec. 18th, one killed.</p> - -<p><i>Innishtrahull.</i>—Oct. 10th to 15th, Blackbirds about lantern; -18th, three struck, killed. Nov. 7th, Blackbirds, 10 a.m. to -4 p.m. Jan. 5th, 1883, three or four.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_82">-82-</span></p> - -<p><i>Tory Island.</i>—Oct. 19th, one female struck, not killed.</p> - -<p><i>Arranmore.</i>—Oct. 21st, one. Nov. 13th, one.</p> - -<p><i>Rathlin O'Birne.</i>—Oct. 19th, one struck, killed, 2 a.m. -Nov. 13th, one. Dec. 1st, one.</p> - -<p><i>Killybegs.</i>—Dec. 10th, about twenty came on the appearance -of frost.</p> - -<p><i>Clare Island.</i>—Dec. 9th, several.</p> - -<p><i>Slyne Head, North.</i>—Sept. 9th, two. Oct. 11th, two. Dec. -15th, two.</p> - -<p><i>Straw Island.</i>—Nov. 13th, a flock of Blackbirds, 2 a.m., a -few struck, but none killed; fog and rain.</p> - -<p><i>Valentia.</i>—Oct. 2nd, one killed against lantern.</p> - -<p><i>Skelligs.</i>—Nov. 15th and 22nd, and at intervals during -December, a few were seen on island.</p> - - -<p><span class="smcap">Robin.</span></p> - -<p><i>Eagle Island, West.</i>—March 2nd, caught a Robin in an out-house, -wind N., moderate.</p> - -<p><i>Howth Baily.</i>—Dec. 20th, four about station.</p> - -<p><i>Innishtrahull.</i>—Oct. 29th, one, 8 a.m., wind S.S.E.</p> - -<p><i>Lough Swilly.</i>—Dec. 1st, one; 2nd, one; 6th, one.</p> - - -<p><span class="smcap">Stonechat.</span></p> - -<p><i>Arranmore.</i>—April 7th, eight "Stonechats" arrived.</p> - -<p><i>Rathlin O'Birne.</i>—March 23rd, four "Stonechats;" seen -also April 4th and 8th. May 8th, they rested on the island.</p> - -<p><i>Eagle Island, West.</i>—April, "Stonechats" arrived, about -eighteen.</p> - -<p><i>Galley Head.</i>—Oct. 30th, the "Stonechick" has left.</p> - -<p><i>Eagle Island, West.</i>—Nov., saw a few "Stonechats."</p> - -<p>[Some of the above entries may refer to the Wheatear.]</p> - - -<p><span class="smcap">Golden-crested Wren.</span></p> - -<p><i>Slyne Head, North.</i>—May 11th, one Golden-crested Wren -killed.</p> - -<p><i>Tuskar Rock.</i>—July 27th, two Golden Wrens; also on Aug. -6th and 9th. Oct. 12th, twelve, one killed; 13th, continually -striking all night.</p> - -<p><i>Howth Baily.</i>—Oct. 9th, five Golden Wrens struck lantern; -12th, two ditto. Dec. 17th, six.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_83">-83-</span></p> - -<p><i>Rathlin Island.</i>—Aug. 26th, one. Oct. 9th, two (one killed); -13th, five struck (two killed). Nov. 30th, four seen.</p> - -<p><i>Innishtrahull.</i>—Oct. 15th, Golden Wrens about lantern.</p> - -<p><i>Arran Island, South.</i>—Oct. 14th, fourteen struck lantern; -none killed.</p> - - -<p><span class="smcap">Wren.</span></p> - -<p><i>Arklow Bank, South.</i>—April 15th, six Wrens going N.W., -wind light N.E., cloudy; 18th, one Wren on deck, 5 a.m.</p> - -<p><i>Skelligs.</i>—Feb. 22nd, two Wrens on island. April 9th, two -Wrens on island.</p> - -<p><i>Tuskar Rock.</i>—July 27th, four "Common Wrens." Seen -also Aug. 5th, 9th, and 31st; and Oct. 8th and 9th.</p> - -<p><i>Howth Baily.</i>—Dec. 10th, six flying south; 16th, three.</p> - -<p><i>Innishtrahull.</i>—Oct. 15th, "Brown Wrens" about lantern. -Nov. 7th, ditto seen.</p> - -<p><i>Tory Island.</i>—Oct. 6th, two Wrens caught on lantern.</p> - -<p><i>Arranmore.</i>—Oct. 22nd, one seen.</p> - -<p><i>Rathlin O'Birne.</i>—Oct. 28th, one seen.</p> - -<p><i>Eagle Island, West.</i>—Nov., saw two pairs of Wrens.</p> - -<p><i>Slyne Head, North.</i>—Sept. 9th, two Wrens seen.</p> - -<p><i>Arran Island, North.</i>—Aug. 7th, "three Common Wrens" -going S.E. Dec. 9th, two.</p> - -<p><i>Skelligs.</i>—Oct. 19th, two. Dec. 5th, four; 13th, two; Jan. -5th, 1883, two. All alighted on island.</p> - - -<p><span class="smcap">Tits.</span></p> - -<p><i>Tuskar Rock.</i>—March 18th, 10 p.m. to 5 a.m., continually -striking, seventeen killed; wind fresh S.W., fog. April 21st, -10.30 p.m. to 4 a.m., constantly striking, twelve killed; wind -fresh S.E., fog. July 27th, Titmice continually striking, wind -fresh S.; also on 6th, 9th, and 31st Aug.</p> - -<p><i>Copeland Island.</i>—Sept. 10th, six Titmice killed; 21st, two -ditto. Oct. 8th, four ditto.</p> - -<p><i>Innishtrahull.</i>—Oct. 14th, Titmice at lantern; 15th, one -killed.</p> - - -<p><span class="smcap">Wagtail.</span></p> - -<p><i>Galley Head.</i>—Oct. 30th, the Wagtail has left. -Rathlin Island.—Aug. 26th, three remained on island. Nov. -9th, one seen.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_84">-84-</span></p> - -<p><i>Innishtrahull.</i>—Dec. 19th, one.</p> - -<p><i>Lough Swilly.</i>—Dec. 14th, two.</p> - -<p><i>Samphire Island.</i>—Oct. 27th, five Wagtails on rock.</p> - - -<p><span class="smcap">Larks.</span></p> - -<p><i>Arklow Bank</i>, South,—Noticed on April 5th, 7th, and 15th.</p> - -<p><i>Rathlin O'Birne.</i>—March 8th, 10th, 11th, and 12th, Sky -Larks seen, one to five in number; they rested on the island. -Observed earlier this year than last year. March 22nd, Titlarks -mating; they rested on the island.</p> - -<p><i>Eagle Island, West.</i>—April, about eighteen Titlarks arrived.</p> - -<p><i>Slyne Head, North.</i>—April 29th, flocks of Larks pitched on -island. July 13th, one Lark killed against lantern.</p> - -<p><i>Straw Island.</i>—From April 3rd to May 20th, continuous -flocks of Common Field Larks passing towards the mainland, -generally about 3 p.m.</p> - -<p><i>Valentia.</i>—April 3rd, small flocks of Larks and frequently to -end of month. May 3rd and 16th, a few Larks.</p> - -<p><i>Galley Head.</i>—Dec. 13th, Larks going south.</p> - -<p><i>Old Head, Kinsale.</i>—Dec. 8th, Larks.</p> - -<p><i>Coningbeg Light-ship.</i>—Dec. 13th, one killed against lantern.</p> - -<p><i>Barrels Rock Light-ship.</i>—Dec. 7th, one rested on ship.</p> - -<p><i>Tuskar Rock.</i>—Oct 9th, Larks and Titlarks; also on Oct. 14th.</p> - -<p><i>Kish Bank Light-ship.</i>—Nov. 30th, large flocks of Sky Larks.</p> - -<p><i>Howth Baily.</i>—Nov. 20th, about two hundred Larks. Dec. -7th, twenty; 11th, ten; 12th to 18th, several, frost. Jan. 15th, -1883, Titlarks about.</p> - -<p><i>Copeland Island.</i>—Sept. 10th, ten Larks killed; 21st, four -ditto. Oct. 8th, seven ditto. Nov. 9th, eight ditto. Dec. 18th, -two ditto.</p> - -<p><i>Innishtrahull.</i>—Oct. 14th, Titlarks at lantern; 15th, Larks, -one killed. Nov. 19th, Titlarks. Dec. 15th, flock of fifty.</p> - -<p><i>Tory Island.</i>—Oct. 14th, one "female" Lark killed.</p> - -<p><i>Eagle Island, West.</i>—Sept., Sky Larks and Titlarks seem to -be departing.</p> - -<p><i>Clare Island.</i>—Jan. 1st, 1883, twenty Titlarks.</p> - -<p><i>Arran Island, North.</i>—Nov. 12th, eleven. Dec. 9th, six. -Jan. 4th, 1883, two.</p> - -<p><i>Dungarvan.</i>—Nov. 14th, small flocks of Sky Larks; 15th, -one struck, not killed, Dec. 5th and 15th, large flocks.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_85">-85-</span></p> - - -<p><span class="smcap">Snow Bunting.</span></p> - -<p><i>Arranmore.</i>—April 5th, four Snow Buntings left island.</p> - -<p><i>Galley Head.</i>—Nov. 30th, two "Snow Birds" passed north.</p> - -<p><i>Rathlin Island.</i>—Nov. 5th, seven Snow Buntings arrived and -will remain some time; 31st, thirty.</p> - -<p><i>Innishtrahull.</i>—Nov. 7th, Snow Buntings; 19th to end of -month, frequented island. Dec. 23rd and 24th, fifty to one -hundred in a flock; wind, strong N.W. Jan. 3rd, 1883, Snow -Buntings daily to 18th on island.</p> - -<p><i>Tory Island.</i>—Nov. 9th, one flock. Jan. 6th and 7th, 1883, -Snow Buntings.</p> - -<p><i>Arranmore.</i>—Oct. 4th, one seen. Nov. 4th, 18th; Dec. 4th, -5th, 12th; Jan. 4th and 6th, 1883;—on all these dates some -seen.</p> - - -<p><span class="smcap">Chaffinch.</span></p> - -<p><i>Kish Bank Light-ship.</i>—Oct. 25th, flock of Chaffinches going -W.; 30th, four Chaffinches.</p> - -<p><i>Arranmore.</i>—Oct. 26th, four Chaffinches. Jan. 4th, 1883, -one.</p> - - -<p><span class="smcap">Sparrow.</span></p> - -<p><i>Rathlin Island.</i>—June 9th, fifteen or sixteen Sparrows; -remained two or three days. Dec. 16th, Sparrows.</p> - - -<p><span class="smcap">"Goldfinch."</span></p> - -<p><i>Arranmore.</i>—May 4th, six Goldfinches "come to build." -Valentia.—Oct. 6th, four Goldfinches. Nov. 8th, five. Dec. -18th, eighteen.</p> - -<p>[The Goldfinch is now rare and local in Ireland; hence -inverted commas.]</p> - - -<p><span class="smcap">Linnet.</span></p> - -<p><i>Galley Head.</i>—March 4th, one hundred or more going N. -May 21st, flocks of small birds, "taken to be Linnets," going N.</p> - -<p><i>Coningbeg Light-ship.</i>—March 9th, two Linnets flying westward.</p> - -<p><i>Tuskar Rock.</i>—March 18th, 10 p.m. to 5 a.m., continually -striking, seven killed; wind fresh S.W., fog. April 21st, 10.30 -p.m. to 4 a.m., continually striking, five killed; wind fresh S.E., -fog.</p> - -<p><i>Clare Island.</i>—Flocks of "Grey Linnets" noticed on March -6th, 10th, 28th; April 11th, 27th; May 3rd, 30th; and June<span class="pagenum" id="Page_86">-86-</span> -20th. The flocks were continuous on March 28th and April -11th.</p> - -<p><i>Slyne Head, North.</i>—April 29th, flocks of Linnets pitched on -island.</p> - -<p><i>Galley Head.</i>—Dec. 13th, Linnets going south.</p> - -<p><i>Old Head, Kinsale.</i>—Dec. 8th, Linnets and Finches.</p> - -<p><i>Coningbeg Light-ship.</i>—Nov. 8th, six Linnets flying N.W.; -15th, seven Linnets. Dec. 7th, three Linnets alighted on ship; -19th, one ditto.</p> - -<p><i>Tuskar Rock.</i>—July 27th, Green Linnets striking; also on -Aug. 6th and 9th; Oct. 9th and 13th.</p> - -<p><i>Kish Bank Light-ship.</i>—Oct. 21st, about "thirty Chaffinches -or Linnets."</p> - -<p><i>Howth Baily.</i>—Dec. 6th, about sixty; 7th, eight; 12th to -18th, several; frost.</p> - -<p><i>Rockabill.</i>—Oct. 12th, Linnets. Dec. 20th, Green Linnets -all day.</p> - -<p><i>Rathlin Island.</i>—Aug. 7th, flocks; 19th, ditto. Sept. 12th, -twenty-eight Green Linnets. Oct. 1st, thirty Grey Linnets; 18th, -Grey Linnets. Seen also on Nov. 1st and 3rd; and on 14th -several flocks arrived and apparently remained on island some -time. During December several flocks seen at intervals. Jan. -3rd, 1883, one flock.</p> - -<p><i>Innishtrahull.</i>—Oct. 10th to 13th, flocks of Grey Linnets all -day; six or eight struck lantern, none killed; 15th, flocks. Dec. -31st, Green and Grey Linnets; flocks of 100 to 150.</p> - -<p><i>Lough Swilly.</i>—Oct. 12th, Linnets. Dec. 24th, flocks of -Linnets.</p> - -<p><i>Arranmore.</i>—Oct. 24th, forty Grey Linnets.</p> - -<p><i>Rathlin O'Birne.</i>—Oct. 28th, ten Grey Linnets.</p> - -<p><i>Killybegs.</i>—Oct. 26th, twenty-five to thirty Grey Linnets; left -same day, going south. "They were accompanied by several -small birds of different species."</p> - -<p><i>Broadhaven.</i>—Dec. 2nd, twenty-five Linnets. Jan. 7th, 1883, -seven.</p> - -<p><i>Slyne Head, North.</i>—Sept. 28th, twelve Linnets. Oct. 27th, -three.</p> - -<p><i>Arran Island, North.</i>—Aug. 5th, large flock. Nov. 12th, -thirty to forty.</p> - -<p><i>Straw Island.</i>—Sept. 13th, thirty Linnets. Remained ten -days on island.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_87">-87-</span></p> - -<p><i>Valentia.</i>—Oct. 6th, ten. Nov. 4th, two; 20th, ten. Dec. -6th to 20th, eight to twenty at intervals.</p> - -<p><i>Skelligs.</i>—Oct. 12th, twelve "Buntings" perched on island.</p> - - -<p><span class="smcap">"Bullfinch."</span></p> - -<p><i>Rathlin O'Birne.</i>—March 9th, one Bullfinch; 10th, three -Bullfinches; wind strong S.W.</p> - -<p><i>Tuskar Rock.</i>—July 27th, Aug. 5th, 9th, and 31st, Sept. 6th, -Oct. 13th, Bullfinches constantly striking. "This is a bird like -the Green Linnet, but more white on the outside of the wing." -(Chaffinch?).</p> - - -<p><span class="smcap">Starling.</span></p> - -<p><i>South Maidens Light.</i>—May 11th, two dozen Starlings, 11 am., -misty fog.</p> - -<p><i>Rathlin Island.</i>—April 15th, seven remained all day; 27th, -they are building here. June 10th, Starlings left.</p> - -<p><i>Galley Head.</i>—Sept. 18th, forty to fifty Starlings going N. -Oct. 9th, continuous flocks passing N.; 20th, flocks of 100 to -300, remaining in locality. Dec. 13th, Starlings going S.</p> - -<p><i>Old Head, Kinsale.</i>—Nov. 2nd, 300 Starlings; 4th, 400 or -500. Dec. 8th, hundreds.</p> - -<p><i>Coningbeg Light-ship.</i>—Nov. 12th, fifty flying N.; 15th, eight -flying N.E. Dec. 9th, flocks going N.; 12th, one caught on -board.</p> - -<p><i>Tuskar Rock.</i>—Aug. 31st, Starlings striking. Oct. 8th and -13th, Nov. 14th, ditto.</p> - -<p><i>Kish Bank Light-ship.</i>—Oct. 12th, 13th, 14th, 15th, Starlings -about lantern; 27th, two. Nov. 6th and 11th, flocks going W. -Dec. 11th, two.</p> - -<p><i>Howth Baily.</i>—Nov. 7th, large flock; 14th, ditto. Dec. 4th, -fifty; 12th to 18th, several; frost.</p> - -<p><i>Rockabill.</i>—Dec. 12th, Starlings.</p> - -<p><i>Rathlin Island.</i>—Nov. 6th, three. Dec. 16th, flocks.</p> - -<p><i>Innishtrahull.</i>—Nov. 7th, a flock of eight or nine.</p> - -<p><i>Oyster Island, North.</i>—Dec. 4th, large flock passing S.W.</p> - -<p><i>Clare Island.</i>—Dec. 6th, two flocks.</p> - -<p><i>Slyne Head, North.</i>—Aug. 30th, two Starlings. Dec. 24th, -three; 27th, forty.</p> - -<p><i>Straw Island.</i>—Nov. 10th, 120. Dec. 7th, forty. Jan. 11th, -1883, forty.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_88">-88-</span></p> - -<p><i>Arran Island, South.</i>—Oct. 18th, thirty "Stares."</p> - -<p><i>Tearaght.</i>—Dec. 15th, about 150 Starlings; 21st, 100.</p> - -<p><i>Skelligs.</i>—Dec. 5th, twenty came to island; 12th, forty.</p> - -<p><i>Dursey Island.</i>—Oct. 16th, forty; 20th, large flock going S.E. -Nov. 14th, twenty going E. Dec. 10th and 13th, large flocks -going S.E.</p> - -<p><i>Dungarvan.</i>—Nov. 11th, small flocks; 17th, 21st, some seen; -25th, one killed against lantern.</p> - - -<p><span class="smcap">Chough.</span></p> - -<p><i>Rathlin Island.</i>—June 5th, Red-legged Crows. "They make -their home here."</p> - -<p><i>Blacksod.</i>—April 27th, about eight Choughs. Seldom seen at -this station. June 17th, four to six Choughs going S.</p> - - -<p><span class="smcap">Raven.</span></p> - -<p><i>Black Rock, Mayo.</i>—May 23rd, thirty-six "Ravens," 7 a.m.; -wind light W. "It is remarkable to see so many of these birds -together, as there is seldom more than three or four."</p> - -<p><i>Slyne Head, South.</i>—June 22nd, two Ravens.</p> - -<p><i>Arran Island, North.</i>—Aug. 5th, two Ravens.</p> - - -<p><span class="smcap">Hooded Crow.</span></p> - -<p><i>Rathlin Island.</i>—April 13th, six White-backed Crows. "They -never leave."</p> - -<p><i>Rathlin O'Birne.</i>—March 23rd, four "Saddle-backed Crows." -Two of these Crows remained and nested in cliff.</p> - -<p><i>Broadhaven.</i>—April 20th, two "Scar Crows" going S.W.</p> - -<p><i>Clare Island.</i>—April 20th, flocks of Grey Crow. May 5th, -ditto, going S.</p> - -<p><i>Slyne Head, North.</i>—March 3rd, seven Grey Crows; 6th, -eleven ditto.</p> - -<p><i>Dursey Island.</i>—April 9th, six Grey Crows going S.E. June -4th, 12th, Grey Crows going N.E.</p> - -<p><i>Gaily Head.</i>—Dec. 30th, the Grey-backed Crow has disappeared.</p> - -<p><i>Howth Baily.</i>—Jan. 6th, 1883, flock of forty flying E.</p> - -<p><i>Rathlin Island.</i>—Sept. 16th, "five Grey-backed Crows or -Choughs" (Jackdaws?). They breed on the island. Dec. 12th, -two "White-backed."</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_89">-89-</span></p> - -<p><i>Innishtrahull.</i>—Dec. 6th, ten Grey Crows at all hours. They -breed on island.</p> - -<p><i>Lough Swilly.</i>—Dec. 5th, one Grey-backed Crow; 24th, two.</p> - -<p><i>Arran Island, North.</i>—Aug. 5th, four.</p> - -<p><i>Straw Island.</i>—Nov. 30th, four. Dec. 15th, five.</p> - -<p><i>Valentia.</i>—Nov. 12th, four. Dec. 8th, twenty.</p> - -<p><i>Dursey Island.</i>—Aug. 22nd and 25th, eight; one or two seen -also on Oct. 9th, Nov. 11th, and Dec. 24th.</p> - -<p><i>Dungarvan.</i>—Dec. 5th, two.</p> - - -<p><span class="smcap">Rooks.</span></p> - -<p><i>Tuskar Rock.</i>—April 6th, one flock, 7 a.m., going W., wind -light E.N.E.; 21st, one flock going W.</p> - -<p><i>Arklow Bank, South.</i>—April 11th, one "Crow" going N.W.</p> - -<p><i>Rathlin Island.</i>—April 14th, thirty "Black Crows," coming -from Scotland, wind strong N.E.; 23rd, forty Black Crows, -coming from Scotland, wind light N.W., foggy. May 5th, fifteen -Black Crows. June 23rd and 30th, several.</p> - -<p><i>Lough Swilly.</i>—June 4th, flights of Rooks. July 1st and -15th, great numbers of Books; 31st, a few.</p> - -<p><i>Blacksod.</i>—April 13th, large flock of Crows (Books) all day -constantly passing. May 22nd, Books.</p> - -<p><i>Clare Island.</i>—March 20th, two large flocks of Black Crows -going N.</p> - -<p><i>Slyne Head, North.</i>—April 26th, flock of Books coming from -the N.E. June 12th, one flock of Crows (Rooks?). July 21st, -flocks of Books flying in different directions.</p> - -<p><i>Straw Island.</i>—May 11th, 100 Crows (Rooks?).</p> - -<p><i>Valentia.</i>—April 21st, a few Crows; also on May 21st.</p> - -<p><i>Kish Bank Light-ship.</i>—April 17th, one Crow going N.W.; -24th, one alighted on ship.</p> - -<p><i>Howth Baily.</i>—Dec. 14th, three; 15th, six; 24th, sixty -flying W.</p> - -<p><i>Rockabill.</i>—Dec. 12th, Black Crows alighted on the rocks.</p> - -<p><i>Rathlin Island.</i>—Aug. 13th, thirty. Sept. 10th, ditto. Oct. -6th, forty; 19th, forty. Nov. 13th, thirteen. In all these cases -going S. A few seen on Dec. 11th, 12th, and 22nd.</p> - -<p><i>Innishtrahull.</i>—Oct. 7th, eight "Black Crows." Dec. 10th, -one.</p> - -<p><i>Tory Island.</i>—Nov. 29th, eight Crows.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_90">-90-</span></p> - -<p><i>Oyster Island, North.</i>—Oct. 12th, twenty Rooks going inland.</p> - -<p><i>Clare Island.</i>—Jan. 4th, 1883, six.</p> - -<p><i>Slyne Head, North.</i>—Oct. 27th, four. Dec. 27th, ten.</p> - -<p><i>Samphire Island.</i>—Oct. 4th, about forty; Oct. 12th, a very -large flock passing to opposite shore. They return about sunset.</p> - -<p><i>Valentia.</i>—Oct. 8th, four; 24th, five.</p> - -<p><i>Skelligs.</i>—Dec. 13th, twenty going E.</p> - - -<p><span class="smcap">Jackdaw.</span></p> - -<p><i>Tearaght.</i>—Dec. 10th, two; 17th, one.</p> - - -<p><span class="smcap">Magpie.</span></p> - -<p><i>Lough Swilly.</i>—Oct. 5th, one Magpie, 11 a.m.</p> - -<p><i>Arran Island, North.</i>—Aug. 10th, two.</p> - - -<p><span class="smcap">Swallow.</span></p> - -<p><i>Galley Head.</i>—May 12th, from thirty to fifty Swallows going -N.W.</p> - -<p><i>Mine Head.</i>—April 21st, twelve Swallows, noon, wind S.S.E., -strong, cloudy; the first arrivals.</p> - -<p><i>Tuskar Rock.</i>—April 24th, one, 8.20 a.m., going W.</p> - -<p><i>Arklow Bank, South.</i>—April 5th, two going N.W.</p> - -<p><i>Kish Bank Light-ship.</i>—April 18th, two going S.E.</p> - -<p><i>Dunree Head.</i>—June 15th, flock of Swallows.</p> - -<p><i>Lough Swilly.</i>—May 4th, a few; the first this season.</p> - -<p><i>Arranmore.</i>—May 6th, four came to build.</p> - -<p><i>Rathlin O'Birne.</i>—May 4th, twelve Swallows "of the Martin -species"; 16th, six or seven Swallows.</p> - -<p><i>Blacksod.</i>—June 10th, ten to twenty Swallows; the first seen.</p> - -<p><i>Slyne Head, North.</i>—May 17th, nine.</p> - -<p><i>Slyne Head, South.</i>—June 7th, four.</p> - -<p><i>Skelligs.</i>—June 2nd, two flying about island.</p> - -<p><i>Tuskar Rock.</i>—Oct. 4th, two flying about; also on Oct. 14th.</p> - -<p><i>Innishtrahull.</i>—Aug. 12th, one "Black Swallow" (Swift?), -last seen for season.</p> - - -<p><span class="smcap">Martin.</span></p> - -<p><i>Mine Head.</i>—July 4th, six Martins.</p> - -<p><i>Oyster Island, North.</i>—May 3rd, about fifteen Martins. They -breed in the neighbourhood.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_91">-91-</span></p> - - -<p><span class="smcap">Cuckoo.</span></p> - -<p><i>Mine Head.</i>—May 1st, Cuckoo first heard.</p> - -<p><i>Rathlin Island.</i>—May 10th, five Cuckoos.</p> - -<p><i>Arranmore.</i>—May 3rd, two Cuckoos arrived.</p> - -<p><i>Oyster Island, North.</i>—May 8th, heard first Cuckoo.</p> - - -<p><span class="smcap">"Kingfisher."</span></p> - -<p><i>Black Rock, Mayo.</i>—April 20th to May 1st, one or two -"Kingfishers" at sunrise. "When started they make in the -direction of the Bangor River between Belmullet and Ballina."</p> - - -<p><span class="smcap">Pigeons.</span></p> - -<p><i>Rathlin Island.</i>—June 10th, seven Rock Pigeons.</p> - -<p><i>Lough Swilly.</i>—April 6th, some Pigeons.</p> - -<p><i>Blacksod.</i>—April 8th, sixteen. May 19th, Pigeons 8 a.m. till -sunset.</p> - -<p><i>Clare Island.</i>—April 7th, four small flocks going S.E.; 11th, -continuous flocks going S.; 20th, ditto. May 10th, three small -flocks going N.W.; 20th, two flocks going W. June 6th and 17th, -three flocks.</p> - -<p><i>Dursey Island.</i>—April 14th, fourteen Wild Pigeons going N.E. -May 15th, twenty Wild Pigeons going N.E.</p> - -<p><i>Howth Baily.</i>—Dec. 14th, nine flying S.</p> - -<p><i>Rockabill.</i>—Dec. 13th, nine flying S.</p> - -<p><i>Rathlin Island.</i>—Dec. 13th, flocks of Pigeons.</p> - -<p><i>Innishtrahull.</i>—Dec. 10th, flock of eight Pigeons. They -breed on island.</p> - -<p><i>Lough Swilly.</i>—Oct. 5th, Pigeons in flocks; 9th, 12th, 28th, ditto.</p> - -<p><i>Clare Island.</i>—Nov. 5th, large flock. Dec. 22nd, ditto.</p> - -<p><i>Arran Island, North.</i>—Aug. 3rd, four going S.</p> - -<p><i>Arran Island, South.</i>—Nov. 17th, four. Dec. 6th, thirty.</p> - -<p><i>Dungarvan.</i>—Dec. 29th, ten "Woodguests" flying about. -Jan. 15th, 1883, six flying inland.</p> - - -<p><span class="smcap">Quail.</span></p> - -<p><i>Innishtrahull.</i>—Sept. 11th, one caught.</p> - - -<p><span class="smcap">Golden and "Grey" Plover.</span></p> - -<p><i>Copeland Island.</i>—April 20th to 26th, some flocks seen on -island; twelve killed against lantern.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_92">-92-</span></p> - -<p><i>South Maidens.</i>—April 10th, three dozen "Plover," 4.30 p.m.</p> - -<p><i>Innishtrahull.</i>—Seen all the month of February during several -days, and on May 8th.</p> - -<p><i>Black Rock, Mayo.</i>—From March 1st to May 20th, Golden -Plover. These birds never rest here, except when migrating.</p> - -<p><i>Slyne Head, North.</i>—April 14th, three Plover (? Golden); -one struck the lantern, 2 a.m.</p> - -<p><i>Galley Head.</i>—Dec. 10th, continuous flocks of "Grey and -Golden" Plover, from 50 to 100 in a flock, passing to the south; -frost.</p> - -<p><i>Old Head, Kinsale.</i>—Dec. 7th, some hundreds of Golden -Plover; 8th, hundreds of Plover; 11th, 12th, 13th, 14th, and -16th, ditto, going south.</p> - -<p><i>Barrels Rock Light-ship.</i>—Dec. 10th, about sixty Plover -flying S.</p> - -<p><i>Kish Bank Light-ship.</i>—Dec. 11th, two flocks going S.W.</p> - -<p><i>Copeland Island.</i>—Nov. 9th, some flocks of Grey Plover on -island off and on during the month.</p> - -<p><i>South Maidens.</i>—Aug. 11th, a flock of Plover.</p> - -<p><i>Rathlin Island.</i>—Oct. 22nd, sixteen "Grey" Plover remain -here. Nov. 7th, twenty; 19th, forty coming from N. Dec. 13th -and 16th, flocks of Golden Plover.</p> - -<p><i>Tory Island.</i>—Dec. 10th, "Grey" Plover; 11th, four Golden -Plover; 15th, nine "Grey" Plover.</p> - -<p><i>Rathlin O'Birne.</i>—Oct. 4th, forty Golden Plover. Dec. 14th, -thirty.</p> - -<p><i>Killybegs.</i>—Sept. 23rd, about forty "Grey Plover" remained -several days. Oct. 8th, fourteen. Dec. 10th, about 100. These -remained while the frost continued, when they flew inland.</p> - -<p><i>Broadhaven.</i>—Dec. 2nd, twelve Plover.</p> - -<p><i>Valentia.</i>—Dec. 8th, fifty Golden Plover; 19th, twenty -remained.</p> - -<p><i>Dursey Island.</i>—Dec. 8th, forty going S.W.; 9th, large flocks -of Grey and Golden Plover all day going S.W.; 12th, ten.</p> - -<p><i>Dungarvan.</i>—Dec. 15th, some "Grey Plovers."</p> - - -<p><span class="smcap">Green Plover.</span></p> - -<p><i>Rathlin Island.</i>—April 16th, eight remained in vicinity two -days; 26th, seven, remained all day.</p> - -<p><i>Innishtrahull.</i>—March 5th, Lapwing Plover. May 10th, ditto.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_93">-93-</span></p> - -<p><i>Old Head, Kinsale.</i>—Dec. 7th, hundreds of Green Plover; -14th, ditto.</p> - -<p><i>Howth Baily.</i>—Dec. 10th, two; 11th, forty flying S.W.; 12th -to 18th, several; frost.</p> - -<p><i>Rockabill.</i>—Dec. 16th, Green Plover going S.</p> - -<p><i>Copeland Island.</i>—Nov. 9th, some flocks of Lapwings on island -during this month.</p> - -<p><i>Rathlin Island.</i>—Nov. 28th, six. Dec. 2nd, seven; 10th, -11th, 13th, and 16th, flocks.</p> - -<p><i>Innishtrahull.</i>—Dec. 12th, twelve Lapwings; first seen this -season.</p> - -<p><i>Tory Island.</i>—Oct. 5th, three; 20th, one. Nov. 5th, one.</p> - -<p><i>Killybegs.</i>—Oct. 3rd, eight Lapwings. These were in neighbourhood -all the summer.</p> - -<p><i>Oyster Island, North.</i>—Dec. 1st, twenty-five Lapwings; 12th, -ten.</p> - -<p><i>Slyne Head, North.</i>—Nov. 10th, two.</p> - -<p><i>Dungarvan.</i>—Nov. 11th, small flocks; 15th, large flocks; -17th, some; 30th, very large flocks. Dec. 15th, several.</p> - - -<p><span class="smcap">Turnstone.</span></p> - -<p><i>Dungarvan.</i>—Nov. 11th, eight.</p> - - -<p><span class="smcap">"Sea Larks."</span></p> - -<p><i>Blacksod.</i>—July 12th, twelve Sea Larks.</p> - -<p><i>Howth Baily.</i>—Jan. 6th, 1883, seven "Sand Larks" on -strand.</p> - -<p><i>Rockabill.</i>—Nov. 3rd, "Sand Larks."</p> - -<p><i>Innishtrahull.</i>—Aug. 12th, six or eight "Sand Larks," and -daily during winter.</p> - -<p><i>Arranmore.</i>—Oct. 20th, one "Sandpiper." Nov. 4th, one.</p> - - -<p><span class="smcap">Seapie.</span></p> - -<p><i>Rathlin O'Birne.</i>—March 13th, four "Sepoys," 4.30 p.m., -wind strong S.W.; 26th, six "Sepoys." June 2nd and 10th, -several "Sepoys."</p> - -<p><i>Howth Baily.</i>—Jan 6th, 1883, flock of eighty to one hundred -"Sepoys" flying about cliffs.</p> - -<p><i>Innishtrahull.</i>—Dec. 6th, flock of twelve "Sepoys."</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_94">-94-</span></p> - -<p><i>Oyster Island, North.</i>—Oct. 9th, seven remained some time. -Dec. 31st, several.</p> - - -<p><span class="smcap">Heron.</span></p> - -<p><i>Blacksod.</i>—June 7th, three to five "Cranes." Seldom seen -here.</p> - -<p><i>Howth Baily.</i>—Dec. 10th, one; 12th, one.</p> - -<p><i>Tory Island.</i>—Oct. 8th, one at lake. Dec. 5th, one "Crane."</p> - -<p><i>Samphire Island.</i>—Oct. 27th, two. Seldom seen here.</p> - -<p><i>Skelligs.</i>—Dec. 11th, one going E.</p> - -<p>Dungarvan.—Jan. 16th, 1883, one flying seaward.</p> - - -<p><span class="smcap">Curlew and Whimbrel.</span></p> - -<p><i>Galley Head.</i>—May 8th, flocks of from ten to twenty "May-birds," -or Curlew, going N.</p> - -<p><i>Mine Head.</i>—May 3rd, nine "May-birds."</p> - -<p><i>Coningbeg Light-ship.</i>—May 6th and 8th, eight to ten "May-birds" -flying N.W.</p> - -<p><i>Rathlin Island.</i>—May 2nd, 5 a.m., ten Curlews; 8th, eight -Curlews; 12th, ten May-birds or Curlews. Seen also on June -3rd, 21st, and 29th going S.</p> - -<p><i>Innishtrahull.</i>—March 5th, seen. April, in flocks. May, -some seen. In June and July, the only birds which visit the -island, except sea-birds.</p> - -<p><i>Lough Swilly.</i>—May 16th and 17th, flocks of "Whimbrel -Curlew."</p> - -<p><i>Rathlin O'Birne.</i>—March 13th, one Curlew. A few seen on -March 25th, and from June 2nd to 8th.</p> - -<p><i>Oyster Island, North.</i>—May 3rd to 7th, fifteen to twenty -"young Curlews, commonly called May-birds."</p> - -<p><i>Blacksod.</i>—April 5th, about twenty Curlews going N.W.; -April 9th, twelve birds seen; 18th, several flocks. May -13th to 22nd, continuous flocks passing inland. A few on July -5th and 20th.</p> - -<p><i>Slyne Head, North.</i>—April 11th, flock of Curlews. May 3rd, -one flock known by the name of "May-birds" in this locality. -"They resemble the Curlew in form and colour, but not so large; -they remain in this locality for two or three months each year, -and are rarely seen before May." They departed early in July -this year; 10th, one flock of Curlews going S. July 21st, flocks -of Curlews.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_95">-95-</span></p> - -<p><i>Slyne Head, South.</i>—May 17th, nine "May-fowls" flew to -N.E.; 30th, five ditto.</p> - -<p><i>Valentia.</i>—During April frequently, and May 13th, 16th, -25th. On May 13th the entry is "young Curlew" (perhaps -Whimbrel).</p> - -<p><i>Skelligs.</i>—Jan. 8th, ten Curlews going S.</p> - -<p><i>Dursey Island.</i>—May 2nd to 7th, Curlews at intervals going -N.W.</p> - -<p><i>Old Head, Kinsale.</i>—Dec. 13th, flocks of 200 to 300 Curlews, -first arrived on this day.</p> - -<p><i>Howth Baily.</i>—Dec. 6th, fifteen Curlews; 10th, thirty; 12th -to 18th, several; frost. Jan. 15th, 1883, large flock.</p> - -<p><i>Copeland Island.</i>—Sept. 21st, large flocks of Curlews.</p> - -<p><i>Rathlin Island.</i>—Aug. 3rd, seven Curlews; 12th, five; 21st, -three. Sept. 2nd, seven; 20th, twelve. Oct. 25th, six. Dec. -7th, eight; and at intervals to end of month.</p> - -<p><i>Innishtrahull.</i>—Aug. 12th, flocks of ten or twelve, and daily -during winter.</p> - -<p><i>Dunree Head.</i>—Dec. 11th, great flock of Curlews passed.</p> - -<p><i>Lough Swilly.</i>—Oct. 5th, Curlews in flocks; Oct. 9th, 12th, -Nov. 1st, 30th, Dec. 6th and 14th, ditto.</p> - -<p><i>Killybegs.</i>—Sept. 5th, about seventy Curlews; they remained -until middle of October, some during winter months.</p> - -<p><i>Oyster Island, North.</i>—Nov. 11th, about fifty; remained on -island. Seen also on Dec. 12th, 31st; and Jan. 9th to 13th, -1883.</p> - -<p><i>Clare Island.</i>—Nov. 3rd, thirty going N. Dec. 22nd, large -flocks. Jan. 10th, 1883, large flocks.</p> - -<p><i>Arran Island, North.</i>—Dec. 9th, four; 16th, seven.</p> - -<p><i>Straw Island.</i>—Sept. 30th, twenty-five "young Curlews." -Nov. 27th. twenty.</p> - -<p><i>Arran Island, South.</i>—Curlews always on island.</p> - -<p><i>Samphire Island.</i>—Oct. 11th, three passing inland.</p> - -<p><i>Valentia.</i>—"Curlews at all times here."</p> - -<p><i>Skelligs.</i>—Oct. 3rd, six going N. Dec. 19th, eight.</p> - -<p><i>Dursey Island.</i>—Entries occur in September at frequent -intervals. Oct. 3rd, 26th, and Dec. 14th and 17th.</p> - -<p><i>Dungarvan.</i>—Nov. 21st, large flocks.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_96">-96-</span></p> - - -<p><span class="smcap">Woodcock.</span></p> - -<p><i>Slyne Head, South.</i>—May 7th, two Woodcocks, 11 a.m. None -struck lantern for last six months.</p> - -<p><i>Skelligs.</i>—Jan. 19th, two Woodcocks perched on island.</p> - -<p><i>Old Head, Kinsale.</i>—Nov. 20th, three Woodcocks. Dec. 5th, -five; 6th, twenty; 7th, eighteen; 8th, ten; 9th, twenty.</p> - -<p><i>Howth Baily.</i>—Dec. 6th, one; 12th, one; 14th, one.</p> - -<p><i>Rathlin Island.</i>—Dec. 13th, Woodcocks.</p> - -<p><i>Arranmore.</i>—Nov. 12th, one. Dec. 10th, four.</p> - -<p><i>Rathlin O'Birne.</i>—Dec. 17th, one.</p> - -<p><i>Killybegs.</i>—Nov. 5th, two killed. Dec. 10th, three (shot two).</p> - -<p><i>Arran Island, South.</i>—Oct. 26th, three. Nov. 20th, two.</p> - -<p><i>Skelligs.</i>—Dec. 14th, two.</p> - -<p><i>Dursey Island.</i>—Dec. 11th, two going S.E.</p> - -<p><i>Dungarvan.</i>—Dec. 11th, two.</p> - - -<p><span class="smcap">Snipe.</span></p> - -<p><i>Slyne Head, North.</i>—March 12th, 4 a.m., one Snipe killed -against lantern.</p> - -<p><i>Slyne Head, South.</i>—May 16th, three Snipe, 7 a.m.</p> - -<p><i>Old Head, Kinsale.</i>—Nov. 4th, ten Snipe. Dec. 6th, thirty; -9th, sixty Snipe; 15th, sixty to one hundred.</p> - -<p><i>Howth Baily.</i>—Dec. 12th, two.</p> - -<p><i>Innishtrahull.</i>—Oct. 6th, one. Nov. 7th, two; 19th to end of -month, some frequented island.</p> - -<p><i>Lough Swilly.</i>—Dec. 14th, two.</p> - -<p><i>Tory Island.</i>—Oct. 5th, one. Dec. 11th, five.</p> - -<p><i>Arranmore.</i>—Dec. 10th, 11th, and 16th, a few.</p> - -<p><i>Rathlin O'Birne.</i>—Dec. 16th, two; 17th, six.</p> - -<p><i>Skelligs.</i>—Dec. 15th, four. Jan. 5th, 1883, one; 8th, two.</p> - - -<p><span class="smcap">Corn Crake.</span></p> - -<p><i>Mine Head.</i>—May 1st, first heard in the night.</p> - -<p><i>Tuskar Rock.</i>—Aug. 22nd, one Corn. Crake going N.W. The -third seen here for the last two and a half years.</p> - - -<p><span class="smcap">Waterhen.</span></p> - -<p><i>Old Head, Kinsale.</i>—Dec. 15th, Waterhen seen; plentiful on -a lake near.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_97">-97-</span></p> - -<p><i>Rockabill.</i>—Dec. 12th, Waterhen.</p> - -<p><i>Innishtrahull.</i>—Dec. 16th, one "Moorhen."</p> - - -<p><span class="smcap">Coot.</span></p> - -<p><i>Old Head, Kinsale.</i>—Dec. 15th, Coot seen; plentiful on a -lake near.</p> - - -<p><span class="smcap">Geese.</span></p> - -<p><i>Innishtrahull.</i>—Feb. 13th, Barnacles in flocks of from twelve -to twenty, from 8 a.m. to 5 p.m. "These birds passed more or -less during this month, but particularly on the 13th."</p> - -<p><i>Rathlin O'Birne.</i>—March 21st, eight Barnacles. Have not -seen Barnacles at this time of year before. They left next -morning.</p> - -<p><i>Oyster Island, North.</i>—Feb. 21st to 26th, large flocks of -Barnacles, seen between 8 and 10 p.m. Noticed passing against -the rays of light. They all left the neighbourhood.</p> - -<p><i>Broadhaven.</i>—April 5th and 16th, Barnacles seen going N.; -9th and 15th, Geese going N.</p> - -<p><i>Howth Baily.</i>—Jan. 9th, 1883, thirteen Barnacles or Wild -Geese flying E.</p> - -<p><i>Copeland Island.</i>—Dec. 18th, three flocks of Wild Geese -passed over island, going inland.</p> - -<p><i>Rathlin Island.</i>—Dec. 18th and 26th, two Wild Geese.</p> - -<p><i>Innishtrahull.</i>—Nov. 5th, three Barnacles flying S.E.</p> - -<p><i>Dunree Head.</i>—Oct. 10th, flock of Barnacles passed up lough; -20th, great flock of Wild Geese passed. Nov. 7th, Barnacles. -Dec. 21st, flock of Wild Geese.</p> - -<p><i>Lough Swilly.</i>—Nov. 2nd, two flocks of Wild Geese going S.</p> - -<p><i>Tory Island.</i>—Oct. 17th, one Wild Goose.</p> - -<p><i>Arranmore.</i>—Nov. 12th, one Barnacle. Dec. 8th, one; 9th, -thirty-two; 18th, several.</p> - -<p><i>Rathlin O'Birne.</i>—Nov. 8th, seven Barnacles; 14th, four. -Dec. 10th and 26th, several.</p> - -<p><i>Killybegs.</i>—Nov. 13th, nineteen flying S., very high; 16th, -two flocks flying S. Dec. 4th, seventeen going S.</p> - -<p><i>Oyster Island, North.</i>—Sept. 21st, twelve Barnacles going S.; -26th, thirty going S. Oct. 5th and 8th, several flocks going S.; -17th, 20th, 25th, ditto. Nov. 5th, 20th, Dec. 25th, flocks passing -into harbour.</p> - -<p><i>Broadhaven.</i>—Dec. 2nd, thirteen Wild Geese.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_98">-98-</span></p> - -<p><i>Clare Island.</i>—Oct. 20th, a large flock of Wild Geese going S.</p> - -<p><i>Slyne Head, North.</i>—Nov. 10th, seven Barnacles. Dec. 7th, -fifteen.</p> - -<p><i>Samphire Island.</i>—Oct. 7th, Barnacles in large numbers in -the bay, and continued plentiful up to date of sending schedule, -Jan. 15th, 1883.</p> - -<p><i>Dungarvan.</i>—Nov. 15th, five Wild Geese; 16th, four going E. -Dec. 11th, seven.</p> - - -<p><span class="smcap">Swans.</span></p> - -<p><i>Lough Swilly.</i>—"June 1st to 3rd, some Wild Swans on lake -in neighbourhood; unusual at this season."</p> - -<p><i>Rathlin Island.</i>—Nov. 22nd, seven White Swans. "Remained -on island some hours till two were shot."</p> - -<p><i>Killybegs.</i>—Dec. 14th, six Swans flying south at a great -height.</p> - - -<p><span class="smcap">Ducks.</span></p> - -<p><i>Copeland Island.</i>—March 14th to 28th, Teal and Widgeon -seen at intervals in small flocks of four to ten, passing over -station from mainland, going N.E. or towards Scotch coast.</p> - -<p><i>Broadhaven.</i>—April 5th, five Wild Ducks going N. May 13th, -two Wild Ducks going N.W.</p> - -<p><i>Blacksod.</i>—April 8th, eleven.</p> - -<p><i>Clare Island.</i>—March 3rd, large flock. April 2nd, four large -flocks; 14th, two flocks. In these three cases birds going -S. or S.W. On June 26th, Wild Ducks going N.</p> - -<p><i>Galley Head.</i>—Nov. 18th, some Ducks coming to the bogs.</p> - -<p><i>Old Head, Kinsale.</i>—Dec. 13th, twenty-six Teal Ducks, six -"Black Ducks," one shot. "These Ducks, I know, are not native -of this country."</p> - -<p><i>Barrels Rock Light-ship.</i>—Dec. 7th, twenty Wild Ducks flying -S.; 10th, flock of thirty Widgeon ditto.</p> - -<p><i>Tuskar Rock.</i>—Nov. 14th, seven Sheldrakes killed striking.</p> - -<p><i>Kish Bank Light-ship.</i>—Oct. 7th, a flock of Widgeon (supposed); -19th, flock of Ducks. Nov. 12th, ditto. Dec. 29th, four -Ducks.</p> - -<p><i>Howth Baily.</i>—Oct 29th, eight Wild Ducks. Dec. 12th, -three. Jan. 14th, 1883, six Widgeon.</p> - -<p><i>Copeland Island.</i>—Oct. 8th, continuous flocks of Ducks -passing over island and going inland, three to twelve in each -flock.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_99">-99-</span></p> - -<p><i>South Maidens.</i>—Sept. 10th, a flock of Sheldrakes.</p> - -<p><i>Rathlin Island.</i>—Sept. 25th, two Teals.</p> - -<p><i>Innishtrahull.</i>—Sept. 8th, one shot; 9th, two seen. Oct. 6th, -Teal, two. Nov. 7th, Wild Duck shot. Dec. 10th, two to four; -21st, one.</p> - -<p><i>Dunree Head.</i>—Nov. 7th, Wild Duck; 16th, flock of Widgeon.</p> - -<p><i>Tory Island.</i>—Nov. 7th, Sheldrake shot, wind S., stormy. -Dec. 9th, one Wild Duck.</p> - -<p><i>Killybegs.</i>—Sept. 19th, thirteen Wild Ducks; remained about -until sending in schedule in January.</p> - -<p><i>Oyster Island, North.</i>—Oct. 17th, flocks of Widgeon; 25th, -large flocks. Dec. 18th, large flock.</p> - -<p><i>Broadhaven.</i>—Nov. 25th, six Wild Ducks.</p> - -<p><i>Straw Island.</i>—Nov. 25th, forty Ducks. Dec. 5th, twenty-five. -Jan. 9th, 1883, thirteen.</p> - -<p><i>Arran Island, South.</i>—Nov. 17th, twenty Wild Ducks.</p> - -<p><i>Samphire Island.</i>—Oct. 7th, Duck; 18th, twenty.</p> - -<p><i>Dungarvan.</i>—Nov. 13th, five; 18th, fifty. Dec. 11th, Ducks -and Teal, several; 24th, several flocks of Teal. Jan: 3rd, 1883, -thirty Wild Ducks.</p> - - -<p><span class="smcap">Merganser.</span></p> - -<p><i>Dungarvan.</i>—Nov. 18th, three flying into bay; 28th, ten -swimming towards land. Dec. 26th, two.</p> - - -<p><span class="smcap">Northern Diver.</span></p> - -<p><i>Skelligs.</i>—June 1st, one Northern Diver in the water.</p> - -<p><i>Tuskar Rock.</i>—Jan. 11th, 1883, one Northern Diver. The -"Black Divers" leave here about May 1st, and begin to return -in October.</p> - -<p><i>Howth Baily.</i>—Dec. 5th, one Northern Diver swimming about; -14th, ditto.</p> - -<p><i>Clare Island.</i>—Dec. 27th, three Northern Divers.</p> - - -<p><span class="smcap">Guillemot.</span></p> - -<p><i>Tearaght.</i>—First seen on Feb. 21st. Commence to lay about -May 20th.</p> - -<p><i>Skelligs.</i>—Feb. 12th, forty Guillemots going N. March 27th, -flocks going N. Numbers about island during April, May, and -June.</p> - -<p><i>Tearaght.</i>—Jan. 8th and 9th, 1883, about a dozen.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_100">-100-</span></p> - -<p><i>Skelligs.</i>—Aug. 1st, flock departing. Oct. 31st, flock seen -going S. Nov. 10th, flock fishing.</p> - - -<p><span class="smcap">Puffin.</span></p> - -<p><i>Galley Head.</i>—Continuous flocks on Feb. 27th, March 18th -and 21st, and from April 10th to 30th, also during May; in all -cases going W.</p> - -<p><i>Rathlin O'Birne.</i>—May 14th, continuous flocks; also on 16th -and 20th, going N.; after May 20th to end of month going S.</p> - -<p><i>Oyster Island, North.</i>—March 13th, several flocks of Puffins -in the bay. May 18th to 24th, several flocks.</p> - -<p><i>Broadhaven.</i>—June 18th to 20th, flocks of Puffins. A few on -June 30th and July 12th.</p> - -<p><i>Eagle Island, West.</i>—June, large numbers of Puffins.</p> - -<p><i>Black Rock, Mayo.</i>—From April 20th to Aug. 15th, large -numbers of Puffins at intervals.</p> - -<p><i>Blacksod.</i>—April 18th, thirty Puffins. June 16th, eleven -Puffins going S.E.</p> - -<p><i>Clare Island.</i>—March 22nd, continuous flocks of Puffins going -S.W. April 4th, ditto, going S.</p> - -<p><i>Slyne Head, North.</i>—April 10th, continuous flocks of Puffins -arrived during day. June 17th, large and continuous flocks of -Puffins have arrived in vicinity.</p> - -<p><i>Straw Island.</i>—April 14th, 150 Puffins or Sea Parrot, 5.10 a.m.</p> - -<p><i>Tearaght.</i>—April 1st, the Puffin arrived, a few only; 5th, -they completely covered the island this day.</p> - -<p><i>Skelligs.</i>—March 23rd, flocks of Puffins about island. Numbers -around island to end of June (date of sending schedule).</p> - -<p><i>Coningbeg Light-ship.</i>—Nov. 15th, flocks flying S.</p> - -<p><i>Barrels Rock Light-ship.</i>—Dec. 13th to 16th, continuous flocks -flying E. and S.</p> - -<p><i>Howth Baily.</i>—Puffins disappeared about middle of December.</p> - -<p><i>Dunree Head.</i>—Aug. 17th, flocks.</p> - -<p><i>Killybegs.</i>—Oct. 30th, 100 to 150 Puffins; they were here -during the summer and up to this date.</p> - -<p><i>Slyne Head, North.</i>—A few Puffins at intervals to Nov. 7th.</p> - -<p><i>Arran Island, North.</i>—Nov. 8th, twenty Puffins.</p> - -<p><i>Straw Island.</i>—Oct. 23rd, thirty.</p> - -<p><i>Skelligs.</i>—Aug. 5th, flocks departing.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_101">-101-</span></p> - - -<p><span class="smcap">Razorbill.</span></p> - -<p><i>Skelligs.</i>—March 28th, flock of Razorbills; continued about -the island during April, May, and June. Aug. 1st, flock departing. -Jan. 3rd, 1883, flock going S. A few on Jan. 9th and 11th -fishing.</p> - - -<p><span class="smcap">Cormorant.</span></p> - -<p><i>Black Rock, Mayo.</i>—April 20th to Aug. 15th, two to six -Cormorants; they breed on coast.</p> - -<p><i>Blacksod.</i>—April 27th, Cormorants seen all day.</p> - -<p><i>Dursey Island.</i>—A few Cormorants seen on April 11th, 27th, -May 20th, June 22nd.</p> - -<p><i>Coningbeg Light-ship.</i>—Nov. 9th, two Cormorants remained -around ship.</p> - -<p><i>Innishtrahull.</i>—Nov. 5th, Cormorants to be seen frequently; -they breed on a rock near the mainland called the Stark.</p> - -<p><i>Tory Island.</i>—Dec. 10th, four Cormorants.</p> - -<p><i>Arran Island, North.</i>—A few seen ab intervals; last entry, -Oct. 2nd.</p> - -<p><i>Straw Island.</i>—Dec. 22nd, eleven.</p> - -<p><i>Samphire Island.</i>—Oct. 19th, four.</p> - -<p><i>Valentia.</i>—At intervals during October and November resting -on rock.</p> - - -<p><span class="smcap">Gannet.</span></p> - -<p><i>Galley Head.</i>—Continuous flocks are noted on the following -dates:—Feb. 27th, March 5th to 13th, 21st, April 10th to 30th, -and in June. In every instance where the direction of flight is -entered, they were going W.</p> - -<p><i>Arklow Bank, South.</i>—Small flocks, two to twelve birds in -each, are noted as frequently passing from April 1st to June 7th, -going in various directions, generally N.E.</p> - -<p><i>Kish Light-ship.</i>—May 5th, one seen; 14th, two seen.</p> - -<p><i>Copeland Island.</i>—Flocks between April 1st and 16th, two to -twenty birds in each, pass daily, all going N.</p> - -<p><i>Rathlin Island.</i>—Flocks at intervals between April 6th and -June 28th; most numerous in the end of May and June. -Direction of flight either E. or W.</p> - -<p><i>Lough Swilly.</i>—Flocks at intervals between April 29th and -July 18th; most in July.</p> - -<p><i>Arranmore.</i>—Passing in June and July.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_102">-102-</span></p> - -<p><i>Rathlin O'Birne.</i>—At intervals from March 17th to July; -generally in small flocks of six to eight birds.</p> - -<p><i>Oyster Island, North.</i>—A few Gannets seen on March 6th, and -between May 18th and 24th a large number of "both white and -dark-coloured" (old and young) were seen in bay.</p> - -<p><i>Broadhaven.</i>—At intervals between April 9th and end of -July, generally ten to twelve in a flock. Most frequently in June -and July. Direction of flight variable.</p> - -<p><i>Eagle Island, West.</i>—In March five or six flocks of Gannets -coming from S. In May, June, and July, numbers in the -vicinity.</p> - -<p><i>Eagle Island, East.</i>—Here the only birds seen were Gannets, -which passed daily during April and May every quarter or half-hour.</p> - -<p><i>Black Rock, Mayo.</i>—Flocks from April 1st to June 1st.</p> - -<p><i>Blacksod.</i>—April 17th, five Gannets. Seldom seen at this -station.</p> - -<p><i>Clare Island.</i>—Flocks noted on March 1st, and on June 11th.</p> - -<p><i>Slyne Head, North.</i>—Seen on May 8th and June 3rd; large -flocks, also on April 4th and 9th.</p> - -<p><i>Slyne Head, South.</i>—July 10th, continuous flocks of Gannets.</p> - -<p><i>Arran Island, North.</i>—May 6th to 13th, flocks of Gannets -appeared going S.</p> - -<p><i>Straw Island.</i>—April 28th, five Gannets.</p> - -<p><i>Valentia.</i>—Seen April 1st, May 27th, and at intervals in June.</p> - -<p><i>Skelligs.</i>—Constantly seen in the neighbourhood, the Lesser -Skellig being the only Irish breeding-station.</p> - -<p><i>Dursey Head.</i>—At intervals during April, a few birds. Large -flocks on May 8th. Several birds on May 18th and July 10th.</p> - -<p><i>Old Head, Kinsale.</i>—Sept. 20th, twenty Gannets. On Jan. -11th, 1883, "Gannets continue to pass South."</p> - -<p><i>Coningbeg Light-ship.</i>—Four or five at intervals between Nov. -21st and Dec. 12th.</p> - -<p><i>Barrels Rock Light-ship.</i>—During the month of November -great numbers of Gannets feeding about the' ship. Flocks noted -on Dec. 3rd, 4th, and 5th, and five seen on 20th.</p> - -<p><i>Tuskar Rock.</i>—"At any time of the year that fish are about -the rock Gannets are here."</p> - -<p><i>Kish Bank Light-ship.</i>—A few on Oct. 18th and 23rd, going S.</p> - -<p><i>Copeland Island.</i>—Gannets each day in vicinity during September, -after fish.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_103">-103-</span></p> - -<p><i>Rathlin Island.</i>—Flocks of Gannets frequently during August, -September, and October.</p> - -<p><i>Innishtrahull.</i>—Gannets generally in summer months.</p> - -<p><i>Dunree Head.</i>—Sept. 4th, great numbers passed into Lough -Swilly; 18th, passed out of Lough.</p> - -<p><i>Lough Swilly.</i>—Oct. 2nd and 4th, a number of Gannets in -vicinity; 16th, ditto, old and young birds.</p> - -<p><i>Tory Island.</i>—Oct. 12th, continuous flocks from E. to W. -A few birds seen on Oct. 21st and Nov. 9th.</p> - -<p><i>Rathlin O'Birne.</i>—Oct. 20th, continuous flocks going S.: -22nd, hovering about all day.</p> - -<p><i>Killybegs.</i>—Oct. 16th to 18th, rush of Gannets and Gulls: -they remained until middle of November, when they departed, -taking a south-westerly course.</p> - -<p><i>Eagle Island, West.</i>—October, large numbers of Gannets -flying to the south. November, very few Gannets. December, -Gannets have all disappeared.</p> - -<p><i>Slyne Head, North.</i>—At intervals during August, September, -October, November, and December.</p> - -<p><i>Arran Island, North.</i>—From August to Nov. 20th, a few birds -occasionally.</p> - -<p><i>Straw Island.</i>—Noted on Sept. 8th and Oct. 20th. Gannets -remained in vicinity of lighthouse longer than is usual.</p> - -<p><i>Tearaght.</i>—To be seen daily in vicinity.</p> - -<p><i>Skelligs.</i>—Observed almost daily during September and October; -continuous flocks from 25th to 31st of latter month. A -few in November, December, and January.</p> - -<p><i>Dursey Island.</i>—A few during September and October.</p> - - -<p><span class="smcap">Tern.</span></p> - -<p><i>Copeland Island.</i>—May 18th, the "Sea Tern or Perr" arrived -in large flocks on this date to breed, and continued arriving up -to June 1st. There are some thousands of these birds on Mew -Island, which is only forty yards from Copeland; the hen bird -sits three weeks on four eggs; the eggs are sometimes laid on -the bare rock.</p> - -<p><i>Rathlin O'Birne.</i>—June 2nd, seven or eight Terns; they bred -on an island near this.</p> - -<p><i>Oyster Island, North.</i>—April 9th to 12th, several Terns or -Sea Swallows to be seen in bay.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_104">-104-</span></p> - -<p><i>Blacksod.</i>—May 9th, five Sea Swallows going S.; 22nd, -twenty Sea Swallows.—June 22nd, six.</p> - -<p><i>Slyne Head, South.</i>—June 4th, flocks of "small Sea Gulls -with forked tails" arrived; they did not breed this year as usual.</p> - -<p><i>Copeland Island.</i>—Sept. 10th, large flock of Terns numbering -some 400 left Mew Island, going N.</p> - - -<p><span class="smcap">Gulls.</span></p> - -<p><i>Galley Head.</i>—March 1st, coming to breed; 21st, continuous -flocks of small Gulls; also during April and May.</p> - -<p><i>Mine Head.</i>—July 25th, fifty "Marsh Gulls" remained all day.</p> - -<p><i>Rathlin Island.</i>—Large flocks of Gulls noticed frequently, -during May and June especially.</p> - -<p><i>Lough Swilly.</i>—April 1st to 10th, Gulls in great numbers. -May 11th and 14th, three or four "Boatswain Gulls." June -20th, Gulls in great numbers.</p> - -<p><i>Rathlin O'Birne.</i>—Large flocks of Gulls during months of -April, May, and June, at intervals; they build on an island near -this.</p> - -<p><i>Oyster Island, North.</i>—April 10th to 12th, large flocks of -Gulls. May 18th to 24th, several flocks.</p> - -<p><i>Broadhaven.</i>—April 15th, 26th; May 8th, 13th to 19th; June -5th and 17th; Skua Gulls observed; and at frequent intervals -to date of sending schedules.</p> - -<p><i>Eagle Island, West.</i>—January and February, a few Sea Gulls. -May and June, large numbers.</p> - -<p><i>Blackrock, Mayo.</i>—March 1st to May 1st, two to four "Royal -Gulls" at intervals; small flocks of Kittiwakes and large flocks -of "Small Gulls or Wheelons" also at intervals. During April -and May one or two "North American or Cream-coloured Gulls." -I never see more than one or two of these birds.</p> - -<p><i>Blacksod.</i>—May 3rd, flock of large Grey Gulls all day; 7th, -six Royal Gulls going N.E. April 1st to June 1st, flocks of -small white Sea Gulls seen.</p> - -<p><i>Slyne Head, North.</i>—March 28th, large and continuous flocks -of Sea Gulls going in a southerly direction.</p> - -<p><i>Slyne Head, South.</i>—July 10th, continuous flocks of Skua -Gulls and some Royal Gulls after fish.</p> - -<p><i>Arran Island, North.</i>—Gulls frequent during May and June, -generally going towards the large Island of Arran, where they<span class="pagenum" id="Page_105">-105-</span> -breed. I am informed they arrive in April and leave early in -August.</p> - -<p><i>Valentia.</i>—April 18th to end of May, at intervals; on many -days no bird is seen. From June 1st to 23rd, on rare occasions.</p> - -<p><i>Skelligs.</i>—Feb. 2nd, twenty Common Gulls going N. March -22nd, flocks of Kittiwakes; 31st, ditto. During April and May -flocks of Kittiwakes constantly about island. June, ditto.</p> - -<p><i>Dursey Island.</i>—Large flocks of Gulls seen frequently during -April, May, and June.</p> - -<p><i>Galley Head.</i>—Nov. 1st, the Large White and also the -Grey-backed Gulls that hatched here have left.</p> - -<p><i>Old Head, Kinsale.</i>—Sea Gulls to be seen here all the year -round.</p> - -<p><i>Coningbeg Light-ship.</i>—Nov. 12th, large flocks of Grey Gulls -remained around ship. Nov. 29th and Dec. 12th, flocks.</p> - -<p><i>Barrels Rock Light-ship.</i>—During November, great numbers -of Gulls.</p> - -<p><i>Rathlin Island.</i>—Sept. 4th, "I may pass no remark on Gulls -or Gannets; they are here lying on the water or after fry I may -say every day." Nov. 24th and 26th, thousands of Skua Gulls -on the sea.</p> - -<p><i>Dunree Head.</i>—Aug. 10th to 17th, flocks of Gulls.</p> - -<p><i>Lough Swilly.</i>—Oct. 16th, several flocks of Gulls; 21st, great -numbers. Nov. 1st, Gulls in great numbers. Dec. 7th, a number.</p> - -<p><i>Tory Island.</i>—Nov. 9th, continuously in pairs. Dec. 11th, -frequently.</p> - -<p><i>Rathlin O'Birne.</i>—Oct. 10th, continuous flocks. Oct. 28th, -Nov. 2nd, and to end of month, large flocks at intervals.</p> - -<p><i>Killybegs.</i>—Oct. 16th to 18th, rush of Herring Gulls, and -several Black-headed and "Grey Gulls" after fry; remained -until middle of November, when all departed going S.W., except -the Black-headed and Grey Gulls, which remained.</p> - -<p><i>Broadhaven.</i>—The Sea Gull is to be seen every day at this -station.</p> - -<p><i>Slyne Head, North.</i>—Gulls to be seen at all times.</p> - -<p><i>Arran Island, North.</i>—Gulls at frequent intervals in August, -September, and October. Fewer entries in November and December.</p> - - -<p><i>Straw Island.</i>—Gulls noted in September and October. -Jan. 3rd, 1883, twenty-two Black-headed Gulls.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_106">-106-</span></p> - -<p><i>Skelligs.</i>—Aug. 26th, flocks of Kittiwakes departing. During -September and October almost daily, fishing up to Dec. 6th. -No entry of Kittiwakes afterwards, but a few "Gulls" entered at -intervals.</p> - -<p><i>Dursey Island.</i>—Aug. 28th, large flocks. A few in September -and October.</p> - -<p><i>Dungarvan.</i>—Nov. 22nd, "immense number of Gulls." Jan. -9th, 1883, "great number of small Gulls"; 12th, one Gull of -"a uniform drab colour, very seldom seen in this locality."</p> - - -<p><span class="smcap">Manx Shearwater.</span></p> - -<p><i>Skelligs.</i>—April 5th, 10 p.m., wind N.E., clear, flocks of -Manx Shearwaters; these birds only appear at night; remained -about island during May and June. Nov. 6th, about twenty -fishing.</p> - -<p><i>Barrels Rock Light-ship.</i>—Dec. 3rd, continuous flocks of -"Mackerel Cocks" flying W. [Manx Shearwaters?]; also on 4th -and 5th; from 19th to 24th, several, generally going E.</p> - - -<p><span class="smcap">Stormy Petrel.</span></p> - -<p><i>Skelligs.</i>—June 2nd, flock flying about light, 11 p.m.</p> - -<p><i>Coningbeg Light-ship.</i>—Nov. 8th, three Stormy Petrels remained -near ship all day.</p> - -<p><i>Kish Bank Light-ship.</i>—June 5th, 1882, two Stormy Petrels -about the ship all day.</p> - -<p><i>Tory Island.</i>—Oct. 19th, one Petrel killed against lantern.</p> - -<p><i>Valentia.</i>—Oct. 1st, two struck lantern, not killed; caught on -balcony after striking, wind strong S.W. Dec. 4th, one taken on -balcony, wind very strong.</p> - -<p><i>Skelligs.</i>—Oct. 8th, caught two outside lantern.</p> - - - -<p>WEST, NEWMAN AND CO., PRINTERS, 54, HATTON GARDEN, LONDON, E.C.</p> - - - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<div class="transnote"> - -<p class="caption3nb">Transcriber Note</p> - -<p>Minor typos were corrected.</p> -</div> - - - - -<div style='display:block; margin-top:4em'>*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK REPORT ON THE MIGRATION OF BIRDS IN THE SPRING AND AUTUMN OF 1882 ***</div> -<div style='text-align:left'> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -Updated editions will replace the previous one—the old editions will -be renamed. -</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United -States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. 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