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diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d7b82bc --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitattributes @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +*.txt text eol=lf +*.htm text eol=lf +*.html text eol=lf +*.md text eol=lf diff --git a/LICENSE.txt b/LICENSE.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6312041 --- /dev/null +++ b/LICENSE.txt @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +This eBook, including all associated images, markup, improvements, +metadata, and any other content or labor, has been confirmed to be +in the PUBLIC DOMAIN IN THE UNITED STATES. + +Procedures for determining public domain status are described in +the "Copyright How-To" at https://www.gutenberg.org. + +No investigation has been made concerning possible copyrights in +jurisdictions other than the United States. Anyone seeking to utilize +this eBook outside of the United States should confirm copyright +status under the laws that apply to them. diff --git a/README.md b/README.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..36e541d --- /dev/null +++ b/README.md @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +Project Gutenberg (https://www.gutenberg.org) public repository for +eBook #65396 (https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/65396) diff --git a/old/65396-0.txt b/old/65396-0.txt deleted file mode 100644 index 61baeb5..0000000 --- a/old/65396-0.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,10207 +0,0 @@ -The Project Gutenberg eBook of The Chronicles of Enguerrand de Monstrelet, -Vol. 10 [of 13], by Enguerrand de Monstrelet - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and -most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms -of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you -will have to check the laws of the country where you are located before -using this eBook. - -Title: The Chronicles of Enguerrand de Monstrelet, Vol. 10 [of 13] - Containing an account of the cruel civil wars between the houses - of Orleans and Burgundy - -Author: Enguerrand de Monstrelet - -Translator: Thomas Johnes - -Release Date: May 20, 2021 [eBook #65396] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: UTF-8 - -Produced by: Graeme Mackreth andThe Online Distributed Proofreading Team - at https://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images - generously made available by The Internet Archive) - -*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE CHRONICLES OF ENGUERRAND DE -MONSTRELET, VOL. 10 [OF 13] *** - - - - - - THE - - CHRONICLES - - OF - - ENGUERRAND DE MONSTRELET. - - - - - _H. Bryer, Printer, Bridge-Street, Blackfriars, London_ - - - - - THE - - CHRONICLES - - OF - - ENGUERRAND DE MONSTRELET; - - CONTAINING - - AN ACCOUNT OF THE CRUEL CIVIL WARS BETWEEN THE HOUSES OF - - ORLEANS AND BURGUNDY; - - OF THE POSSESSION OF - - PARIS AND NORMANDY BY THE ENGLISH; - - _THEIR EXPULSION THENCE_; - - AND OF OTHER - - MEMORABLE EVENTS THAT HAPPENED IN THE KINGDOM OF FRANCE, - - AS WELL AS IN OTHER COUNTRIES. - - _A HISTORY OF FAIR EXAMPLE, AND OF GREAT PROFIT TO THE - FRENCH_, - - _Beginning at the Year_ MCCCC. _where that of Sir JOHN FROISSART finishes, - and ending at the Year_ MCCCCLXVII. _and continued by others to - the Year_ MDXVI. - - TRANSLATED - - BY THOMAS JOHNES, ESQ. - - IN THIRTEEN VOLUMES ... VOL. X. - - LONDON: - - PRINTED FOR LONGMAN, HURST, REES, ORME, AND BROWN, PATERNOSTER-ROW; - AND J. WHITE AND CO. FLEET-STREET. - - 1810. - - - - -CONTENTS - -OF - -_THE TENTH VOLUME_. - - - PAGE - - CHAP. I. - - The king of France countermands his summons - to the duke of Burgundy, forbids - him to come to Montargis, and orders - him to send thither three or four of his - nobles to consult with the other peers of - France. Slight mention made of the sentence - passed on the duke of Alençon in - the town of Vendôme, with the reservation - of the king's approval 1 - - - CHAP. II. - - The king's sentence on the duke d'Alençon - read in his presence while seated on his - judgment-seat, by his chancellor 6 - - - CHAP. III. - - The English make an inroad on the Boulonnois - from Calais. The duke of Burgundy - sends an embassy to the pope, and fortifies - his towns against the English. Arthur - of Brittany dies, and is succeeded in - the dukedom by the count d'Estampes. - Other events 10 - - - CHAP. IV. - - The king of France summons the twelve - peers of France to the town of Montargis, - to hear sentence passed on the duke - d'Alençon. Of the death of pope Calixtus. - The king transfers the court of justice - from Montargis to Vendôme 13 - - - CHAP. V. - - The duke of Alençon is convicted, and condemned - to death for having intended to - deliver up his strong places to the English, - the ancient enemies of France, and to introduce - them into Normandy 15 - - - CHAP. VI. - - The ambassadors from England are denied - access to the king of France. The duke - of Cleves attends the meeting of princes - at Mantua. The dauphiness brought to - bed of a son at Genappe. The king of - Scotland killed by a splinter from a bomb 41 - - - CHAP. VII. - - Slight mention made of the rebellion and - discord in England. Other incidents 48 - - - CHAP. VIII. - - Edward earl of Marche, eldest son to the - late duke of York, defeats in battle queen - Margaret of England and obtains the - crown by means of the Londoners. The - queen seeks aid from the Scots 53 - - - CHAP. IX. - - King Charles of France, having been told - that it was intended to poison him, fell - sick at heart and died 60 - - - CHAP. X. - - Twelve houses are burnt in the village of - Juchy, near Cambray. The duke of Burgundy - holds the feast of the Golden - Fleece, at St Omer. The dauphiness - brought to bed of a princess, at Genappe. - Ambassadors from the Holy Land come to - the court of France, and thence to the - court of Burgundy 62 - - - CHAP. XI. - - Of the death of Charles VII. king of - France. Of the troubles and difficulties - he had to encounter at the commencement - of his reign, and of his glorious and great - feats of arms 67 - - - CHAP. XII. - - The dauphin and the duke of Burgundy - make preparations to go to Rheims, for - the coronation of the dauphin. Of the - interment of the late king Charles. The - coronation of king Louis XI. at Rheims. - Other matters 70 - - - CHAP. XIII. - - King Louis XI. makes his public entry into - Paris. The handsome reception he meets - with. The great magnificence of the - duke of Burgundy and his attendants 77 - - - CHAP. XIV. - - The king and the duke of Burgundy take - leave of each other, and depart from Paris. - Events that happened in divers parts 85 - - - CHAP. XV. - - The count de Charolois waits on the king - of France at Tours, where he is magnificently - entertained. He loses himself - while at the chase. He returns to Artois - through Normandy, of which the king - had made him his lieutenant 90 - - - CHAP. XVI. - - Duke Philip of Burgundy dangerously ill, - but recovers. Other matters which happened - at this period 96 - - - CHAP. XVII. - - A more particular account of the funeral - services performed at Paris and St Denis, - on the death of king Charles VII. of - France 99 - - - CHAP. XVIII. - - The disgraceful death of John Coustain, - master of the wardrobe to duke Philip of - Burgundy. The cause of it. The death - of his accuser 107 - - - CHAP. XIX. - - The duke of Burgundy causes a number of - rogues and vagabonds to be executed in - his country of Artois. The death of the - abbot of St Vaast at Arras. Other events. - Taunting replies made by the lord de Chimay - to the king of France. 113 - - - CHAP. XX. - - The duchess of Bourbon comes to reside - with her brother the duke of Burgundy. - The king of France grants succours to the - queen of England. Other events that - happened in divers parts 118 - - - CHAP. XXI. - - Of the many different events that happened - during the course of the above year. Of - the hard fortune of Margaret queen of - England 122 - - - CHAP. XXII. - - The king of France gives the county of - Guisnes to the lord de Croy. The count - d'Estampes quits his attachment to the - house of Burgundy. Other events 127 - - - CHAP. XXIII. - - The king of France repurchases the towns - and lands on the river Somme that had - been pledged to the duke of Burgundy. - He meets the duke at Hêdin. Other - matters 132 - - - CHAP. XXIV. - - The death of the dowager queen of France. - The king summons the count de Saint - Pol and the lord de Genly to appear personally - before him. The marriage of the - son of the duke of Gueldres. The abolition - of the pragmatic sanction 136 - - - CHAP. XXV. - - A coolness takes place between the duke of - Burgundy and his son the count de Charolois. - The count makes heavy complaints - against the lord de Croy to the - deputies of the three estates assembled by - the duke his father 141 - - - CHAP. XXVI. - - The answer of the deputies of the estates of - Flanders to the count de Charolois. Peace - restored between him and his father the - duke of Burgundy. The king of France - comes to Arras and Tournay 150 - - - CHAP. XXVII. - - Of the expedition of the bastard of Burgundy. - The king of France detains prisoner - Philip of Savoy, notwithstanding - he had given him a safe conduct. The - count de St Pol pacifies the king of - France. A battle shortly noticed to have - taken place in England. Other matters 159 - - - CHAP. XXVIII. - - The king of France comes to Hêdin a second - time. What passed at the meeting - between him and the duke of Burgundy. - The death of pope Pius II. 166 - - - CHAP. XXIX. - - The bastard de Reubempré is sent to Holland, - to attempt to take the count de Charolois. - He is arrested himself 169 - - - CHAP. XXX. - - The king of France summons deputies from - the towns on the Somme, and from other - places to come before him. His harangues - to them. He appoints the count de Nevers - governor of Picardy, and sends an - embassy to the duke of Burgundy, at - Lille 174 - - - CHAP. XXXI. - - The answer of the count de Charolois to - the ambassadors from France. The king - of France orders Crevecœur, near Cambray, - to be taken possession of. The - duke of Burgundy sends an embassy to - the king of France. The death of the - duke of Orleans 183 - - - CHAP. XXXII. - - The marriage of king Edward of England, - and the alliance he wishes to form with - France. The bastards of Burgundy return - from their expedition. The duke - of Burgundy dangerously ill. The family - of Croy are dismissed from their - places 189 - - - CHAP. XXXIII. - - A copy of the letters which the count de - Charolois sent to the nobles and principal - towns under the dominion of the duke - of Burgundy, to explain the reasons why - he had dismissed the lord de Croy and - his friends from his father's service 197 - - - CHAP. XXXIV. - - The duke of Berry, only brother to the - king of France, withdraws himself from - the court of France, and takes refuge - with the duke of Brittany. The count - de Dammartin escapes from prison. Letters - from the duke of Berry to the duke - of Burgundy 208 - - - CHAP. XXXV. - - A correspondence takes place between the - king of France and the duke of Bourbon. - The king publishes other letters throughout - his realm, and the count de Nevers - issues proclamations in all the towns within - his lieutenancy for the king of France 216 - - - CHAP. XXXVI. - - The duke of Burgundy pardons his son. - He orders a large body of men to be - raised for the assistance of the duke of - Berry against his brother the king of - France. Other events that happened at - that time 223 - - - CHAP. XXXVII. - - The count de Charolois takes leave of the - duke of Burgundy, and marches his army - and artillery toward France. He crosses - the river Somme, and subjects to his obedience - the towns of Neelle, Roye, and - Mondidier. He besieges Beaulieu, and - crosses the Oise 231 - - - CHAP. XXXVIII. - - The count de Charolois passes the river - Oise, advances to St Denis, and draws up - his army in battle-array before Paris. - The count de St Pol gains possession of - the bridge of St Cloud, and crosses the - Seine with his division of the count's - army 236 - - - CHAP. XXXIX. - - The king determines to combat the count - de Charolois. A battle takes place below - Montlehery. The event of it 244 - - - CHAP. XL. - - The conduct of the count de Charolois after - the victory he had gained over the king - of France. The consequences of it in - divers places 253 - - - CHAP. XLI. - - The dukes of Berry and of Brittany meet - the count de Charolois at Estampes, where - they are also joined by the dukes of Bourbon, - of Calabria, and of Nemours, with - the count d'Armagnac and others of their - confederation. The king of France leaves - Paris for Rouen 259 - - - CHAP. XLII. - - The various accounts of the success of the - battle of Montlehery that were reported - in divers places 264 - - - CHAP. XLIII. - - The king of France forms an alliance with - the Liegeois, to make war on the duke - of Burgundy and the count de Charolois. - They besiege the town of Luxembourg 268 - - - CHAP. XLIV. - - The inhabitants of the town of Dinant insult - the count de Charolois with mockeries. - The king of France meets the - count de Charolois at Conflans. The - duke of Bourbon takes the town of - Rouen 274 - - - CHAP. XLV. - - The death of the countess de Charolois. - The count de Nevers is made prisoner in - the castle of Peronne. The Liegeois are - discomfited at Montenac. The treaty of - Conflans, between the king of France - and the confederated princes 281 - - - CHAP. XLVI. - - A royal edict respecting what the king of - France had conceded to the count de Charolois - by the treaty of Conflans 290 - - - CHAP. XLVII. - - The king is present at a review of the count - de Charolois' army. The count takes - leave of the king, and marches his army - against the Liegeois. The duke of Berry - does homage to the king for the duchy - of Normandy 298 - - - CHAP. XLVIII. - - The entry of the duke of Berry into Rouen. - The king of France goes into Normandy - and retakes possession of that duchy. He - causes some of the lords of that country, - who had supported his brother, to be - executed and drowned 303 - - - CHAP. XLIX. - - The count de Charolois enters the country - of Liege with his army. The Liegeois - demand and obtain a truce, but, although - a peace is made, it does not last long 306 - - - CHAP. L. - - After the treaty concluded at Saint Tron, - the inhabitants attempt to murder the - men of the count de Charolois, but are - overpowered. The count returns to his - father at Brussels. The king of France - raises a large army, in consequence of - which the count de Charolois puts himself - on his guard 313 - - - CHAP. LI. - - The Liegeois in Dinant break the peace, and - recommence the war against the duke of - Burgundy. Dinant is besieged and battered - with cannon 317 - - - CHAP. LII. - - Dinant is forced to surrender to the will of - the duke of Burgundy. The treatment - it receives, for a perpetual example to - other towns in a like situation 325 - - - CHAP. LIII. - - The duke of Burgundy after the destruction - of Dinant, makes dispositions to - march his army into the territories of - Liege. Several towns surrender to him. - A peace is concluded between them 335 - - - CHAP. LIV. - - Sir Anthony, bastard of Burgundy, goes to - England, to tilt with the lord Scales, brother - to the queen of England 343 - - - CHAP. LV. - - The death and interment of the noble duke - Philip of Burgundy, and the grand obsequies - performed for him in the church - of Saint Donnast in Bruges 348 - - - CHAP. LVI. - - Prologue to the chronicles of the most - christian, most magnificent, most victorious, - and most illustrious kings of France, - Louis XI. of the name, and his son - Charles VIII. 355 - - - CHAP. LVII. - - Some recapitulations of the description of - the battle of Montlehery by Monstrelet, - with the addition of facts which he had - omitted 359 - - - CHAP. LVIII. - - A true account of several events that happened - during the reigns of king Charles - VII. and his son Louis XI. which have - been omitted, or slightly mentioned, in - the chronicle of Enguerrand de Monstrelet 365 - - - CHAP. LIX. - - The king of France comes to Paris, and returns - to Rouen. The bastard de Reubempré - is arrested on the coast of Holland. - The king goes to Tours and other - places, and then to Poitiers, whither the - Parisians send him a deputation respecting - certain of their franchises. Ambassadors - arrive there from the duke of Brittany, - who carry off the duke of Berry. The - death of the duke of Orleans. The duke - of Bourbon makes war on the king of - France, and other events that happened in - the year MCCCCLXIV. omitted by Monstrelet, - and some facts relative to the - death of the good pope Pius II. and concerning - pope Paul II. more than is contained - in the said chronicles 372 - - - CHAP. LX. - - The king of France enters the Bourbonnois, - and takes many towns and castles. Events - at Paris and elsewhere. The king besieges - Rioms, in Auvergne. Other incidents - up to the period of the war of - Montlehery, omitted by Monstrelet 380 - - - CHAP. LXI. - - The king comes to Paris after the battle of - Montlehery. Several persons are executed - there. Events that followed the battle of - Montlehery, which have been omitted - by Enguerrand de Monstrelet 390 - - - CHAP. LXII. - - The Burgundians and Bretons quarter themselves - round Paris; on which account the - citizens add to the fortifications of their - town during the king's absence in Normandy. - The king returns to Paris, when - several sallies are made thence on the - enemy, during the lieutenancy of the - count d'Eu. Other events omitted by - Monstrelet 401 - - - CHAP. LXIII. - - Commissioners appointed by the king and - the confederates to settle the differences - between them. The nobles of Normandy - come to Paris to serve the king. Several - sallies and assaults on each side. Other - events that happened in this same year - MCCCCLXV. omitted by Monstrelet, - until the final peace between the king and - the princes 414 - - - CHAP. LXIV. - - After the treaty, of Conflans between the - king and princes, provisions are brought - to the confederate army from Paris, on - payment being made for them. The count - de Charolois, on mustering his troops, declares - himself vassal to the king. He does - homage for what he holds under the - crown of France. The duke of Berry - and the others do their homage. Peace is - proclaimed. Other events 431 - - - - - HERE BEGINNETH - THE TENTH VOLUME - OF THE - CHRONICLES - OF - _ENGUERRAND DE MONSTRELET_. - - - - -CHAP. I. - - THE KING OF FRANCE COUNTERMANDS HIS SUMMONS TO THE DUKE OF BURGUNDY, - FORBIDS HIM TO COME TO MONTARGIS, AND ORDERS HIM TO SEND THITHER - THREE OR FOUR OF HIS NOBLES TO CONSULT WITH THE OTHER PEERS OF - FRANCE.--SLIGHT MENTION MADE OF THE SENTENCE PASSED ON THE DUKE OF - ALENÇON IN THE TOWN OF VENDÔME, WITH THE RESERVATION OF THE KING'S - APPROVAL. - - -On the return of Golden Fleece king at arms, about the beginning of -June, he told duke Philip his lord, that the king having learnt that he -intended coming to Montargis with a very numerous army, which would -unavoidably do great damage to the countries they should pass through, -on that account held him excused from coming thither in person, and -entreated that he would send three or four of his council to represent -him. - -The duke immediately appointed the count d'Estampes, sir Simon de -Lalain, knights, and some clerks of his council, together with Golden -Fleece king at arms, as his proxies at the ensuing meeting. - -Before this, however, took place, a great meeting was held at -Gravelines, between commissioners from England and others sent by -duke Philip. Soon after, the count d'Estampes went under a passport -to Calais, where he was grandly feasted by the English; and it was -reported that a truce was then agreed on between the two countries. - -The king of France, considering that Montargis could not hold the -numbers of people summoned to attend the judgment of the duke of -Alençon, changed the place of meeting to Vendôme, where he appeared -in so royal a state that it was a pleasure to see him,--and all who -had been summoned were expected to come thither. On the day appointed, -only the proxies for the duke of Burgundy appeared before the king, of -all the temporal peers: in consequence, by royal authority, he named -proxies for the duke of Bourbon, the count de Foix, the count de la -Marche, and the count d'Eu, to assist the king in passing sentence on -the duke d'Alençon. - -When the court had been thus regularly formed in the place prepared -for it, master John L'Orfevre, president of Luxembourg, and one of the -proxies for the duke of Burgundy, arose, and besought the king that -he would be pleased to hear what he had been charged by his lord to -say, in defence of the duke d'Alençon. The king having granted him -permission to speak, he began an harangue of some length, very well -arranged and ornamented, with apt quotations from the Scriptures, -containing four propositions which the duke of Burgundy had ordered him -to lay before the king, to induce him to incline to a merciful sentence -on the duke of Alençon, whom his lord considered as his near relative. - -The first proposition was, that it belonged at all times to royal -majesty to show mercy, and use clemency. - -The second, that the duke of Alençon was nearly related to the king. - -Thirdly, that the services which the duke of Alençon himself, and -his ancestors, had rendered to the crown of France, should be well -considered; and, fourthly, the weakness of mind of the duke of Alençon, -which being added to the three foregoing propositions, if duly weighed -by the king, might induce him to show clemency to the duke. - -The cardinal de Constance answered in the king's name, that his majesty -had carefully listened to all the reasons that had just been offered -by the duke of Burgundy, to incline him to show mercy on the duke -d'Alençon: that in reply to the first proposition, it was true, mercy -and clemency properly belonged to kings and sovereign princes,--but to -do justice was also an inherent right in them, and it was in virtue of -this that kings reigned; for if that were neglected, their kingdoms -would be devoured by robbers and thieves. - -As to the second point, that the duke d'Alençon was related to the -king, he should answer, that so much the more was he bounden to guard -the preservation and welfare of the king and his crown. - -As to the third point, touching the services done by the duke's -ancestors to the crown of France, &c. he should say, that he had not -in these instances followed their steps: and since children should not -suffer for the evil deeds of their fathers, neither ought they to claim -any merit from their services. - -With regard to the last point, he should reply, that the lord d'Alençon -had clearly shown that he was not very wise; but he was not so simple -as had been stated, for he had, in the matters charged against him, -proceeded with great subtilty and malice, as was apparent and might -be seen in the evidence on his trial: that it had not depended on him -that his treason was unsuccessful, and that he was equally deserving -punishment as if his treachery had taken effect. The cardinal concluded -by saying, that the king would act in this business with the advice of -the princes of his blood, and the members of his council; that the -king would have been glad, and was desirous of the able assistance of -the duke of Burgundy, whose absence he regretted, but that he would -act in such wise that the duke of Burgundy and the public should be -satisfied with the sentence he would give. - - - - -CHAP. II. - - THE KING'S SENTENCE ON THE DUKE D'ALENÇON READ IN HIS PRESENCE WHILE - SEATED ON HIS JUDGMENT-SEAT, BY HIS CHANCELLOR. - - -'Charles, by the grace of God, king of France. Having been duly -informed that John duke of Alençon, peer of France, has entered into -a treasonable correspondence, by himself and others, with our ancient -enemies and adversaries the English,--we make known, that having -personally examined in our chamber of peers, and others for this -business called in, the charges and evidence produced against John -d'Alençon, together with his confessions, and other facts brought -duly forward,--we, by the advice of the aforesaid chamber of peers, -have declared, and by these presents do declare, that the said John -d'Alençon is guilty of high treason against us and our crown,--for -which we have deprived, and do deprive him of the honour and dignity of -a peer of France, and of all dignities and honours attached thereto. - -'We have also condemned, and do by these presents condemn, him to -suffer death according to law, and have declared, and do declare, all -the effects of the said John d'Alençon to be confiscated to our use, -and to belong to us, saving, however, any further orders or regulations -we may make concerning the same.' - -This sentence having been publicly read, the king declared his will to -be, that the execution of the duke d'Alençon should be deferred until -his further pleasure were known: that in respect to the confiscation -of his effects, &c. although his children ought, according to law -and usage, to be deprived of every honour, prerogative and property, -and reduced to such beggary as may be an example to all others, -considering the enormity of the crimes of their father,--nevertheless, -in remembrance of the services done by their ancestors to the kings -and crown of France, and in the expectation that these children -will conduct themselves toward the king as good and loyal subjects -should do to their sovereign lord, and likewise out of favour to the -solicitations of the duke of Brittany[1], uncle to the duke of Alençon, -the king, out of his grace, declares, that the effects of the duke -of Alençon shall remain to the wife and children of the said duke of -Alençon; but the king reserves to himself all artillery, arms, and -military stores. - -With regard to the lands and lordships, the king retains the towns, -castles, and viscounties of Alençon, Domfront, and Verneuil, as well -on one side of the river Aure as on the other, with all their rights, -privileges, and dependences, which, from this moment, he incorporates -into the domain of the crown of France. The king retains also the -castlewick and lordship of St Blansay in Touraine, together with the -tolls which the said d'Alençon had and received from the bridges of -Tours, to regulate at his pleasure. - -Item, the king reserves to himself all the homage, dues, and -acknowledgments which appertained to the said d'Alençon on account of -his country of Perche, on the town of Nogent le Rotrou, with all its -dependances, and all other lands belonging to the count du Maine, in -right of the countess du Maine his wife. - -Item, in regard to the other lands and effects immoveable, the king -wills that they belong to the children of the said d'Alençon,--namely, -the county of Perche to be enjoyed by his only son Réné, and his heirs -in lawful marriage, without, however, any dignity or prerogative of -peerage. As for the other effects of the said d'Alençon, the king -wills, that they be divided among the younger children, who are to -be under the wardship of the king until they become of an age to -manage for themselves,--they to enjoy these estates as their own free -inheritance, and the said estates to descend to the heirs of their -bodies lawfully begotten in marriage, according to the usages of the -countries in which those estates are situated. - -When this had been finally settled, the king ordered the duke d'Alençon -to confinement in the strong prison of the castle of Aiquesmortes,[2] -not far from Avignon. - - - - -CHAP. III. - - THE ENGLISH MAKE AN INROAD ON THE BOULONOIS FROM CALAIS.--THE DUKE OF - BURGUNDY SENDS AN EMBASSY TO THE POPE, AND FORTIFIES HIS TOWNS AGAINST - THE ENGLISH.--ARTHUR OF BRITTANY DIES, AND IS SUCCEEDED IN THE DUKEDOM - BY THE COUNT D'ESTAMPES.--OTHER EVENTS. - - -About this period, eight hundred combatants issued out of Calais and -marched to Estaples,[3] where they found many vessels laden with wines -from Poitou, which the Bretons had brought thither to sell, all of -which the English made them ransom. They gained also numbers of mules, -which some merchants from Languedoc had conducted thither to carry back -a cargo of salted herrings: these were also ransomed, and they carried -away several prisoners. - -The duke of Burgundy sent this year, about Christmas, a handsome -embassy to pope Pius at Rome, to do him homage for all his states, like -a good son of the church, and, shortly afterward, another embassy to -the king of France, to avoid a war, which every body conjectured would -ensue, because the dauphin resided with the duke contrary to the will -of his father, and had refused to return to France. - -The English, on the frontier of Calais, made continual inroads on the -territories of the duke; and to check them, he strengthened with men at -arms the garrisons of Bologne, Ardres, Gravelines, Fiennes and St Omer. -They were ordered to oppose force by force, and to hang all whom they -should take. - -About Christmas died Arthur duke of Brittany, without leaving any male -heir: he was therefore succeeded in the duchy by John de Bretagne -count d'Estampes, son to the brother of a former duke of Brittany by -a sister of the duke of Orleans. Notwithstanding that he was count -d'Estampes, John of Burgundy, brother to the count de Nevers, assumed -the same title, but without advantage,--for the king held possession of -Estampes, and gave the revenue of it to whomsoever he pleased. - -At this time, peace was restored between the duke of Burgundy and the -count of St Pol, so that the count was on the same familiar terms with -the duke and as much beloved by him as before: he was likewise in the -good graces of the count de Charolois. - -Nearly at this period, an embassy from Greece, of about fifty horsemen, -waited on the duke, to request that he would personally attend, or send -his proxies, to a meeting appointed by pope Pius, of all the princes -of Christendom, touching the welfare of the catholic church. The duke -received them honourably, and gave them rich presents, and said, that, -under God's pleasure, he would send proxies to the meeting they had -mentioned. - -FOOTNOTES: - -[Footnote 1: Duke of Brittany. Q. if it should not be of Burgundy.] - -[Footnote 2: Aiquesmortes,--a town in lower Languedoc, five leagues -from Montpellier.] - -[Footnote 3: Estaples,--a town in Picardy, at the mouth of the Conche, -four leagues from Bologne.] - - - - -CHAP IV. - - THE KING OF FRANCE SUMMONS THE TWELVE PEERS OF FRANCE TO THE TOWN OF - MONTARGIS, TO HEAR SENTENCE PASSED ON THE DUKE D'ALENÇON.--OF THE - DEATH OF POPE CALIXTUS.--THE KING TRANSFERS THE COURT OF JUSTICE FROM - MONTARGIS TO VENDÔME. - - -In the year 1458, the king of France summoned the twelve peers of his -realm, secular as well as temporal, and the members of his court of -parliament, to assemble in the town of Montargis on the 8th day of -June, in which place he intended holding a court of justice, and for -considering other matters that greatly affected the welfare of the -realm. The most part of those summoned attended, and were there for -two months, treating on the condemnation or acquittal of the duke of -Alençon, cousin-german to the king, and one of the peers of France. - -The duke of Alençon had been imprisoned for certain treasonable acts -imputed to him, and of which he was said to be guilty. There were -present at this meeting the count de Dunois and de Longueville, the -chancellor of France, master Pierre du Reffuge,[4] general of France, -and many other great lords and officers. The duke of Burgundy would not -appear, although he had been summoned, and was the first of the peers. -He had refused to come in consequence of an article in the treaty of -Arras, by which he could not be constrained to attend any meeting but -at his own free will. - -The king remained at Baugency during these two months, always intending -to have gone to Montargis; but fearing the epidemic distemper which -raged there, and the badness of the air, he dissolved the meeting, and -appointed it to assemble within fifteen days afterward at Vendôme. - -On the 4th of April, in this year, died pope Calixtus,--and Pius, a -native of Italy, was elected in his room. - -The 15th of August, all the king's counsellors, as well laics as -ecclesiastics, of his court of parliament, who had been summoned, came -to Vendôme,--even the bishop of Paris and the abbot of St Denis, who -had not appeared at Montargis. - -FOOTNOTES: - -[Footnote 4: Reffuge. Q.] - - - - -CHAP. V. - - THE DUKE OF ALENÇON IS CONVICTED, AND CONDEMNED TO DEATH FOR HAVING - INTENDED TO DELIVER UP HIS STRONG PLACES TO THE ENGLISH, THE ANCIENT - ENEMIES OF FRANCE, AND TO INTRODUCE THEM INTO NORMANDY. - - -'Charles, by the grace of God, king of France, to all to whom these -presents may come, health and affection. Whereas we have been duly -informed, that John duke of Alençon, a peer of France, has held various -treasonable correspondences with our ancient enemies the English; and -that for this purpose he has sent divers messengers to England without -our leave or licence, and without making us acquainted with the purport -of them, to the great danger and prejudice of us and our realm. To -obviate the evil effects that might have arisen from such conduct, we -provided a remedy, and, in conscience, commanded, under our letters -patent given at Chastelier, near Esbrimbe, the 24th day of May, in the -year 1456, our dear and well beloved cousin the count de Dunois and -de Longueville, our beloved and faithful counsellors and chamberlains -Pierre de Brézé, lord of Varennes and grand seneschal of Normandy, John -le Boursier, superintendant general of our finances, William Cousinot, -knight, bailiff of Rouen, and Odet d'Aidié, bailiff of Coutantin, to -lay hands on and arrest our said nephew the duke of Alençon; and for -the furtherance of his trial, we issued our orders, dated at Mont -Richart[5] the 23d of last May, for our court of parliament, then -sitting at Paris, to adjourn to the town of Montargis, on the first -day of June last, and to remain there until the whole of the judicial -proceedings on this subject should have been brought to a conclusion. - -'We also summoned to attend this court of justice, at Montargis, a -sufficient number of presidents and counsellors of our said parliament, -together with the peers and princes of our blood, the chancellor, some -masters of the requests of our household, and others of our council. In -consequence whereof, our said chancellor, our well beloved and faithful -counsellors, the archbishop-duke of Rheims, the bishops and dukes of -Laon and Langres, the bishops and counts of Beauvais, of Châlons and -Noyon, peers of France, our said presidents, masters of requests, and -counsellors of our court of parliament and the members of our council -have regularly assembled in the town of Montargis, and have there taken -the preparatory steps for the judgment of the said d'Alençon, by the -interrogation of his accomplices and adherents, which occupied them -until the 10th day of July last passed. - -'These lords did not proceed further, in the expectation of our -coming thither to bring the matter to a conclusion in our presence; -but we delayed going to Montargis on account of the great mortality -that then existed in the towns of Orleans, Sully, and other places -around, through which we must have passed; and not only to avoid the -consequences that might have arisen from this mortality we deferred -going thither, but also having heard that our enemies had fitted out -a considerable fleet, with the intent of invading our kingdom on the -coasts of Saintonge, Poitou, and lower Normandy. That we might be -ready to oppose any such attempts, we, by the advice of our council, -transferred this court of justice from Montargis to the town of Vendôme. - -'We ordered the members of the said court to assemble at Vendôme on -the 15th day of August, then and there to continue sitting until they -should have brought this trial to a close. - -'We afterward came to Vendôme in person, where were assembled -many of the princes of our blood, peers of France, both laics and -ecclesiastics, and those before named, with the members of our council -and court of parliament, and others for this business summoned thither. -While we were seated on our judgment-seat, the court being filled -with the whole of its members, the said d'Alençon was brought before -it, who, after having had the oath administered to him, to declare the -whole truth respecting the crimes with which he was charged, frankly -and voluntarily confessed as follows. - -'That after lord Shrewsbury had taken Bordeaux, an Englishman called -James Hay, attached to sir Richard Woodville, an English knight, came -to him at Alençon, under a passport, and made secret proposals to him -of a marriage between his daughter and the son of the duke of York: -that, as well in regard to this marriage as for other matters they -mutually wished to be acquainted with, they held many conversations, -and agreed on a certain manner of squeezing the hand and thumb, as a -signal that every person was to give before he delivered any message -relative to this business, to prevent their being betrayed. - -'That about the month of August in the year 1455, he, the said duke of -Alençon, sent for a priest living at Domfront, called Thomas Gillet, -whom, having sworn to secrecy, he told that he intended to send him -to England, and detained him some time with him for this purpose, and -carried him to La Fleche in Anjou, expecting to be enabled to send -him from thence: that while he was at La Fleche, an English herald, -called Huntingdon, came thither, to whom he opened his intentions, and -charged him to return to England, and to exhort his countrymen, by -every possible means, to make a descent in Normandy, desiring them, by -the aid of God, or the devil, to make up their internal quarrels, and -not think of any thing else but this invasion: that now was the time or -never; and should they allow the present most favourable opportunity -to slip by, they would never again find another; for that the king -was at a distance, and his army separated in three divisions,--one -in Armagnac, another in Guienne, and the third employed against the -dauphin: that the nobles and great towns, as well as the people of all -ranks, were more discontented than could be conceived; and that he, the -duke of Alençon, was himself so displeased with the present government -that, if the English would support him, he would aid them to the -utmost of his power,--for that he had sufficient stores and artillery -to combat for a day ten thousand men. He advised that the king of -England should come in person, and with not less than from thirty to -forty thousand combatants: that there was in Normandy only one of the -king's generals, with but four hundred lances, and that they might -conquer the greater part of the country before any resistance could be -made. - -'He advised that the king of England should, on his landing, issue -a proclamation, by sound of trumpet, to forbid any one, under pain -of instant death, to take goods or other effects from husbandmen -or labourers by force, and to leave every one at peace in their -habitations. The king of England was likewise to revoke all the gifts -made by his father and by himself, to grant a full pardon to every one, -and to proceed as if it were a new conquest. - -'In consequence of this treachery, our enemies did land in several -parts of our dominions, namely, the king of England and the duke of -York in lower Normandy, the duke of Buckingham at Calais, to march -through Picardy to the country of Caux, and to cut off all intercourse -with us, should we attempt to oppose them. Those of Guienne, according -to the duke of Alençon, were much discontented; and if our enemies -would support them, they would rise in rebellion against us,--and, in -short, we should lose all that part of our country. The enemy was to -inform the duke of Alençon three months before they intended to land, -that he might provide his places with stores, and prevent us from -taking possession of them. - -'On their landing, the English commander was to send the herald -Huntingdon to the duke to make him acquainted with their numbers and -plans, that he might take measures to act in concert with them. The -duke particularly insisted, when he sent Huntingdon to England, that -king Henry should bring with him as much money as possible; and that he -should deliver at Bruges, or elsewhere, twenty thousand crowns, or at -least ten thousand, at his disposal, should be there deposited without -loss of time, and not longer than a month after their landing, for him -to pay his men, and put his artillery on a respectable footing; for he -charged the herald to say, that on their landing they would find part -of his artillery at Alençon or Domfront. - -'The said d'Alençon confessed that he had promised, on oath, to -Huntingdon, that he would punctually perform the engagements he had -entered into with the enemies of our realm; and he made this herald -swear that he would tell all these things to the duke of York, Richard -Woodville, and James Hay, and that he would reveal them to none others -but them. - -'That our enemies might not have any doubts of the truth of the above -engagements, the said d'Alençon gave to Huntingdon, on his departure, -credential letter addressed to the duke of York, signed with an N, -with a stroke through it, containing as follows; 'Gentlemen, have the -goodness to believe what the bearer of this shall tell you from me. I -thank you for your kind intentions, and it shall not be my fault if -they be not farther strengthened.' In saying this, our said nephew -had well remembered that he had given to Huntingdon the fullest -information respecting his own affairs, as well as those of our -kingdom, in order to accomplish his designs, and then had sent him to -England. - -'The said d'Alençon confessed, that some time afterwards, he had -also sent thither Thomas Gillet, the priest before mentioned, and -had charged him to acquaint the duke of York or Richard Woodville -(having previously made the signal with the thumb) with the state of -our kingdom, and the discontent of the people, and to press them to -make the invasion as soon as they could, and with as large a force -as possible,--to tell them, that they were very thoughtless in not -having before attempted it, for they could never have so fair an -opportunity of recovering what they had lost; and if they would land -twenty thousand men, they would regain the greater part of the country -before we could provide any effectual resistance; for we were at a -distance, in Berry, on an expedition against our son the dauphin: that -there were no forces in that part of the kingdom: that the people were -exceedingly discontented, and that now or never was the time for -reconquering Normandy. Thomas Gillet said, that the duke d'Alençon was -much surprised he had not heard from them, nor from the herald; that -they should send him back with intelligence of their intentions; and he -told them frankly, that unless they showed more vigour and activity, -the enterprise had better be dropped. He spoke to them likewise of the -twenty thousand crowns that had been stated as necessary, by the said -d'Alençon, to Huntingdon; and the said d'Alençon had bidden him assure -the duke of York, that he was the most beloved of all his family in -Normandy, and that the people of the country would do more for him than -for any one else. - -'Thomas Gillet was also charged to tell the English, on their -landing, not to forget to issue the proclamations he had mentioned to -Huntingdon; and if he were spoken to concerning the marriage of his -daughter with the eldest son of the duke of York, to say all he knew -and all he had seen of her. The said d'Alençon gave to Gillet letters -of the following tenour, to deliver to the duke of York. 'Sir,' &c. 'I -commend myself to you, and entreat that you will instantly let me hear -from you, and have me in your thoughts. For God's sake, use diligence -in his designs: it is time: and acquit yourself manfully, for who waits -becomes displeased. Hasten to send me money, for your service has cost -me much, and may God grant all your desires.' Written as above, and -at the bottom 'always yours, N.' adding a postscript, to say, that a -little before Christmas, he would send a person, called Pierre Fortin, -to Calais, and would instruct him to make the signal of the thumb, that -he might converse with James Hay or Richard Woodville, and know from -them if they had any intelligence to give him from the herald or Thomas -Gillet. - -'The said d'Alençon also confessed, that between Christmas and the -Epiphany, Thomas Gillet and the herald returned from England, and -reported to him, that the duke of York and the chancellor of England -thanked him for his good intentions; that the parliament of England -was not as yet assembled, nor the king of England in a situation to -send him an immediate and decisive answer,--but that the parliament -would shortly be holden, and the matter should then be so arranged that -the duke of Alençon should be satisfied, and that he should receive -information thereof in the course of the ensuing Lent, by the said -Woodville. - -'Gillet added, that the duke of York commended himself to the said -d'Alençon, thanked him for his good wishes, and begged of him to -continue them to him,--and assured him that before the month of -September next the duke, accompanied by the greatest lords of England, -would invade Normandy with such a large army that the said d'Alençon -should be contented; but he was required to secure some good sea-port -on that coast for their landing,--and they wished to know whether the -dauphin would go into Normandy. A nearly similar message did Gillet -deliver from the chancellor of England. - -'The said d'Alençon likewise confessed that, on the return of these his -messengers, he had dispatched to England a person called master Edmund -Gallet, having first sworn him on the Scriptures to secrecy, and then -he gave him a letter addressed to the duke of York, signed with his -real name 'John,' and sealed with his own signet: it was cut into four -pieces, and contained as follows: 'My lords, I commend myself to you. -The messages you sent me have been delivered; and I beg to hear further -from you as speedily as may be, if you propose undertaking the measures -the bearer will explain to you: it is now time, and I will support you -in such wise that you shall be satisfied. You may believe all that the -bearer shall say to you from me.' - -'The said d'Alençon owned that he had charged Gallet to bring him -back an answer as to the marriage, and the other things that he had -mentioned to the English lords by Gillet and the herald: to tell them -that it was now full time to begin the business, if they looked for -success; and that he wished they were landed in Normandy in bodies as -thick as flies or hailstones. - -'That the said d'Alençon was assured that we intended to march against -our son the dauphin; and that if they landed and entered into proper -engagements with him, the dauphin would join them, and give up to them -his artillery and strong places, and every thing else within his power: -he repeated, therefore, that they must not delay nor fail to come,--and -the twenty thousand crowns must be instantly paid. - -'The said d'Alençon said, that being astonished that Gallet was not -returned from England, he sent about Easter the said Fortin to Calais, -and charged him, after making the usual signs, to talk with the -English, and learn whether they intended invading Normandy or not. He -added, that Gallet came back from England about Low Sunday, and brought -letters signed, as he said, by the king himself, namely, Henry, and -that these letters contained in effect as follows: 'Very dear cousin, -we thank you for your good will toward us: we shall send commissioners -on the first day of next August to Bruges, to propose a truce between -us and our fair cousin of Burgundy, where we shall hope that they may -meet commissioners from you, to settle every thing between us, and we -shall act in such wise as, please God, you may be satisfied.' - -'The said d'Alençon said, that Gallet had informed him the king of -England had taken the government into his own hands, and that the -duke of York had retired into Wales, which had caused the said Gallet -to address himself to the king in person, telling him of the good -inclinations of the duke of Alençon, for which he thanked him, and -said, that he should send ambassadors to Bruges, as he had stated -in the said letters, and that the duke d'Alençon should send others -from him to meet them; that these ambassadors would settle every -thing relative to the twenty thousand crowns, and they would mutually -exchange written documents respecting the matters under consideration. - -'The said d'Alençon confessed, that because the term for the payment -of the said twenty thousand crowns was remote, and because he wished -to be made acquainted with the state of preparation of our enemies, he -again sent Gallet into England, to press the advance of the money, and -to obtain a blank passport, for any one of his people whom he might -wish to send thither touching these several matters, should there be -any necessity for it; that he told the said Gallet, as the chance of -war was uncertain, he wished to secure a retreat in England, should -their plans prove abortive, and mentioned the duchies of Bedford, of -Glocester, and of the lands which the dukes of the said duchies held -for life, that he might speak of them to the king of England. - -'That, on the departure of Gallet, the said d'Alençon gave him letters, -addressed to the duke of York, containing as follows: 'My lord, I -commend myself to you, and am very much surprised that I did not -receive any intelligence from you by the bearer of this on his return -from England. I entreat that I may speedily hear from you,--and you may -safely believe whatever he shall tell you from me.' He wrote also other -letters to master Louis Gallet, residing in England, father to this -Edmund Gallet, thanking him for his good inclinations toward him, of -which he had been informed by his son, to whom he desired that he would -always address himself on this business. - -'The said d'Alençon added, that as he and master Edmund were -conversing on this subject, master Edmund told him that it was the -intention of the English to send the duke of Glocester and the son -of lord Shrewsbury, to make a landing in Guienne, with ten or twelve -thousand men,--while the king, the duke of York, and a large body -of nobles should invade our province of Normandy: that the duke of -Buckingham, with the earls of Wiltshire and Worcester, should land -at Calais, with ten or twelve thousand combatants, and march through -Picardy. He likewise confessed that he had spoken on this subject to -Fortin, one of the gentlemen of his chamber, to induce him to join -him in his plans to support the English, and that he had sent him to -Granville,[6] to examine the state of that place, if it were well -fortified, and what repairs had lately been made there, especially on -the side where it had been formerly taken; and if that Fortin joined -the English, as it appears he did, he was to find out some means of -delivering up Granville, and as many other places as possible to them. - -'The said d'Alençon confessed, that he had been induced by his -different messages to excite the English to invade our kingdom by the -advice and instigation of a person called Matthew Prestre, whom he knew -not otherwise than by name, but who said he was from the country of -the Lionnois and attached to the bastard d'Armagnac, and who, (as the -said d'Alençon said) had brought him credential letters from our son -the dauphin, and from the bastard d'Armagnac. Of the letters from the -dauphin, the said d'Alençon said, that he had his suspicions of their -reality from their not being in the usual style in which the dauphin -was accustomed to write to him: he also suspected the signature was not -the dauphin's. On this matter, and at the request of the said d'Alençon -several witnesses specified by him, and of his household, have been -examined by our commissioners, who have affirmed that they saw the said -Matthew Prestre. - -'The said Edmund Gallet has also been examined, to whom the said -d'Alençon had declared that he had made most ample communications -respecting the said Matthew Prestre; and the said Gallet has been -confronted with the said d'Alençon, and interrogated respecting the -different messages he had carried to England, as well as others of -his accomplices, who, it may be supposed, would know if the statement -touching this Matthew Prestre were true, who have all denied any -knowledge thereof, so that it may be presumed, from their depositions, -that the contrary to what the said d'Alençon had said was the fact: -besides, the said d'Alençon declares that he never had any letters from -our said son, nor any communication from him on these matters, but -through the said Matthew, and that he knew not whether he communicated -the above from himself or from others,--and that he, the said -d'Alençon, had never any instructions from our said son on this subject. - -'Several remonstrances having been made to the said d'Alençon on this -part of his conduct, it has appeared that the whole was a contrivance -to cover his treasonable practices, and to give a colour to them,--for -the said d'Alençon said, that he knew not what reply to make to these -remonstrances. As a further confirmation, when the said d'Alençon has -been interrogated as to this Matthew, he has varied in his answers on -many points, as may be clearly seen in the evidence of his trial. - -'From all of which, and from the whole of what has been advanced by the -said d'Alençon, as well as from the interrogatories of the different -witnesses respecting Matthew Prestre and his interference, and from -other evidence examined at the request of the said d'Alençon, we have -not found any thing wherewith we could accuse our said son the dauphin, -nor the bastard d'Armagnac, as any way implicated in the treasons of -the said d'Alençon. - -'When the whole of the evidence had been gone through, there only -remained judgment to be given. And we make known that the court, -having fully and maturely examined the different interrogatories and -confrontations, together with his voluntary confessions, have declared, -and do declare, by these presents, the said d'Alençon guilty of high -treason, and, as such, to be deprived of the honour and dignity of the -peerage of France and all other dignities and prerogatives, and do, -besides, condemn him to death by the public executioner. The court has -also declared, and does declare, that all his effects whatever shall -be confiscated to our use, and that they shall henceforth be reputed -legally to belong to us as we may please to dispose of them. - -'Such was the sentence passed by the peers of France and the other -members of the court of justice held at Vendôme. We, however, reserved -to ourself the power to make whatever changes we should please; and we -now declare our will to be, that the capital part of the said sentence, -on the said John d'Alençon, be deferred until our further pleasure be -known. - -'With regard to the effects of the said d'Alençon, considering the -enormity of his guilt, his children ought to be deprived of them, and -reduced to a state of beggary, to serve as an example to all others. -Nevertheless, remembering the good services their ancestors have -done to the crown and kingdom of France, and in the hope that these -children will behave themselves as good and loyal subjects toward their -sovereign; and in consideration of the earnest solicitations for mercy -from our very dear and well-beloved cousin the duke of Brittany, uncle -to the said d'Alençon, we, out of our especial grace, shall moderate -these confiscations,--and declare our pleasure to be, that the moveable -effects shall remain to the wife of the said d'Alençon, and to his -children, with the exception of his artillery and military stores, -which we reserve to ourself. - -'In regard to his lands and lordships, we shall moderate the -confiscation as follows: We retain the town and castlewick of Domfront, -the town, castle, castlewick and viscounty, of Vernueil, on both -sides of the river Aure, with all their appurtenances, lordships and -dependances, which we from this moment unite, incorporate and adjoin, -to the patrimony and domain of our crown. - -'We shall likewise retain in our hands the duchy of Alençon, together -with its town, castle, lordship, rights, appurtenances, revenues, and -immoveable effects, and every claim that might have belonged to the -said Alençon as duke thereof, and all rights and duties that may have -been granted from our crown as an appanage to the said d'Alençon, -with the reserve of the country of Perche, concerning which we shall -hereafter ordain, according to our good pleasure. - -'We retain also the castle and castlewick of St Blansay in Touraine, -together with all the duties the said d'Alençon received for pontage in -our town of Tours, and the other rents and revenues he was accustomed -to receive from the said town, to order as we may please best. We -likewise reserve to ourself the homages appertaining to the said -d'Alençon as count du Perche, on the town of Nogent le Rotrou and its -dependances, and also on the lands and lordships of our very dear and -well-beloved cousin the countess du Maine, wife to the said d'Alençon. - -'In respect to the other lands and lordships that did belong to the -said d'Alençon, we will that they remain to the children of the said -d'Alençon, in manner following,--that is to say, the only son of the -said d'Alençon shall have and retain the county, lands, and lordships -of Perche, to be freely enjoyed by him and his male descendants, -lawfully begotten in marriage, but without any dignity or prerogative -of peerage. With regard to the remaining lands, lordships, and other -immoveable effects, we will that they belong to the other children, as -well males as females, of the said d'Alençon, for them to enjoy the -same under our tutelage until they become of a proper age to manage -for themselves,--and that they descend to the heirs of their bodies -in lawful marriage, according to the usages and laws of the countries -these different estates may be situated in. In testimony of which,' &c. - -Given at Vendôme, the 10th day of October, in the year of Grace 1458, -and of our reign the 37th. - -This sentence was pronounced in the absence of the said John d'Alençon, -but read to him afterwards in his prison by the first president of -the parliament de Thorette, master John Boulanger, counsellor to the -king in his court of parliament, master John Bureau, treasurer of -France, and others of the king's council, which much astonished and -overwhelmed the said John d'Alençon, and not without cause.[7] - -In the month of January, in this year, that most noble and potent -prince Arthur duke of Brittany departed this life, who, before and -after he had succeeded to the dukedom, had been constable of France. He -was succeeded by the lord Francis, son to madame d'Estampes, sister to -the duke of Orleans, who, in person, conducted him to take possession -of the duchy of Brittany. - -FOOTNOTES: - -[Footnote 5: Mont Richart, or Mont Tricard,--six leagues from Amboise.] - -[Footnote 6: Granville,--a sea-port in Normandy, six leagues from -Coutances.] - -[Footnote 7: 'John duke of Alençon was condemned to death by a -celebrated sentence given by king Charles VII. sitting in a bed of -justice, at Vendôme, the 10th of October 1458, which sentence was -instantly commuted to perpetual imprisonment. The duke was confined in -the castle of Loches until Louis XI. came to the throne in 1461, who -granted him a free pardon in the month of October in the same year. - -'The duke could not remain quiet, but attempted again to throw the -kingdom into confusion,--and Louis XI. had him arrested a second time, -the 22d September 1472. Another sentence was passed on him, but its -execution was again suspended,--and the duke remained a prisoner in -the Louvre, but did not die there, as is supposed. He was transferred -to the house of a burgher, as a private prisoner. He died in the year -1476.' - -See more in the note from which this is copied, page 595 of the viiith -volume of the Memoires de l'Académie.] - - - - -[A.D. 1459.] - -CHAP. VI. - - THE AMBASSADORS FROM ENGLAND ARE DENIED ACCESS TO THE KING OF - FRANCE.--THE DUKE OF CLEVES ATTENDS THE MEETING OF PRINCES AT - MANTUA.--THE DAUPHINESS BROUGHT TO BED OF A SON, AT GENAPPE.--THE KING - OF SCOTLAND KILLED BY A SPLINTER FROM A BOMB. - - -This year, ambassadors from England arrived in France, anxious to -obtain an alliance with the king by a marriage or truce; but the king -would neither hear nor see them. They were, therefore, forced to return -without effecting any thing; and what was more, neither lord nor lady -would accept of their palfreys, which they had brought with them in -numbers, to gain the friendship of the lords and ladies of the court. - -In the month of June, in this year, the duke of Burgundy, being very -desirous of the welfare of Christendom, sent his nephew the duke of -Cleves, as his proxy and ambassador, to Mantua, where the meeting was -to take place of the pope and the princes, and cardinals of Europe, to -consider on the means of opposing the enterprises of the grand Turk, -who was making daily conquests on the Christians, more especially in -Greece. The duke of Cleves was nobly received wherever he passed, as -well to honour the duke of Burgundy, whose proxy he was, as out of -respect to his own personal worth. - -About this time, the count d'Estampes, by orders from his uncle -the duke of Burgundy, made prisoner, in the town of Amiens, the -viscount d'Amiens and lord of Pecquigny, whom he carried prisoner to -Vilvorden,[8] on account of his having conducted himself in a manner -unbecoming a person of his rank. - -Toward the end of July, in this year, the princess Charlotte of Savoy, -dauphiness of France, was delivered of a fair son, who was baptised -by the name of Joachim. Great rejoicings took place for this event -throughout the territories of the duke of Burgundy, wherein the dauphin -resided during the time he was in ill estimation with his father king -Charles VII. and indeed so long as the king lived, keeping his court -at the castle of Genappe in Brabant. These rejoicings were, however, -turned to grief, for the child did not long survive its birth. - -In the month of August, it happened that while the king of Scotland -was pointing a cannon, to try its power, it burst, and the king was -so severely wounded by a splinter that he died soon after: it was a -melancholy accident. He had married a daughter of the duke of Gueldres, -and niece to the duke of Burgundy, by whom he had several children.[9] - -A terrible and melancholy transaction took place this year in the town -of Arras, the capital of the country of Artois, which said transaction -was called, I know not why, Vaudoisie;[10] but it was said, that -certain men and women transported themselves whither they pleased from -the places where they were, by virtue of a compact with the devil. -Suddenly they were carried to forests or deserts, where they found -assembled great numbers of both sexes, and with them a devil in the -form of a man, whose face they never saw. This devil read to them, or -repeated, his laws and commandments, and in what manner they were to -worship and serve him; then each person kissed his backside,--and he -gave to them, after this ceremony, some little money: he then regaled -them with great plenty of meats and wines, when the lights were -extinguished, and each male selected a female for amorous dalliance, -and suddenly they were all transported back to the places they had come -from. - -For such criminal and mad acts, many of the principal persons of the -town were imprisoned; and others of the lower ranks, with women and -such as were known to be of this sect, were so terribly tormented -that some confessed matters to have happened as has been related. -They likewise confessed to have seen and known many persons of rank, -prelates, nobles, and governors of districts, as having been present -at their meetings,--such, indeed, as, upon the rumour of common fame, -their judges and examiners named, and, as it were, put into their -mouths,--so that, through the pains of the torments, they accused many, -and declared that they had seen them at these meetings. - -Such as had been thus accused were instantly arrested, and so long and -grievously tormented that they were forced to confess just whatever -their judges pleased, when those of the lower ranks were inhumanly -burnt. Some of the richer and more powerful ransomed themselves from -this disgrace by dint of money,--while others of the higher orders were -remonstrated with and seduced by their examiners into confessions, -under a promise that, if they would confess, they should not suffer in -person or fortune. Others again suffered the severest torments with the -utmost fortitude and patience. - -The judges received very large sums of money from such as were enabled -to pay them: others fled the country, or completely proved their -innocence of the charges made against them, and remained unmolested. - -It must not be concealed, that many persons of worth knew well that -these charges had been raked up, by a set of wicked persons, to -harrass and disgrace some of the principal inhabitants of Arras, whom -they hated with the bitterest rancour, and, from avarice, were eager -to possess themselves of their fortunes. They had first maliciously -arrested some persons deserving punishment for their crimes, whom -they had so severely tormented, holding out promises of pardon, that -they forced them to accuse whomsoever they were pleased to name, and -them they arrested and tormented as mentioned above. This matter was -considered, by all men of sense and virtue, as most abominable; and it -was thought that those who had thus destroyed and disgraced so many -persons of worth would put their souls in imminent danger at the last -day. - -FOOTNOTES: - -[Footnote 8: Vilvorden,--a town in Brabant, between Brussels and -Mechlin.] - -[Footnote 9: 'While king James was observing the effects of -his artillery, (at the siege of Roxburgh-castle) one of the -rudely-contrived cannons of that age, consisting of bars of iron, -girded with circles of metal, suddenly burst: a fragment struck his -thigh,--and the great effusion of blood produced a death almost -instantaneous. The earl of Angus, who stood next to James, was wounded. - -'It is impossible to express the grief of the camp, or of the kingdom, -at the premature loss of a beloved sovereign, in the flower of his age, -aggravated by the circumstances and the strange fatality of the case. -The young regretted a youthful prince, and an ardent leader: the old -sighed at the prospect of another minority. - -'Could any consolation have arisen, it must have proceeded from the -spirit of the queen, Mary of Gueldres, who, immediately upon the -tidings, arrived in the camp with the infant heir of the monarchy, and -showing him to the soldiers, while tears gushed from her eyes, she -conjured them by every domestic tie, by the memory of their sovereign, -by the fame of Scottish valour, not to depart from their design, but -to destroy this calamitous fortress. The castle was taken and levelled -with the ground.' - -_Pinkerton's Hist. of Scotland_, v. ii. p. 244.] - -[Footnote 10: Vaudoisie,--a nocturnal meeting of sorcerers.--DU CANGE. -Supplement. See Valdenses, in his glossary.] - - - - -[A.D. 1460.] - -CHAP. VII. - - SLIGHT MENTION MADE OF THE REBELLION AND DISCORD IN ENGLAND.--OTHER - INCIDENTS. - - -In this year, there were great troubles, civil wars, and murders in -England. Some held for the party of king Henry, such as the duke of -Somerset and others; and some held for the party of the duke of York, -namely, the earl of Warwick, the earl of Salisbury and others. A severe -battle took place, in which numbers of each side fell; but it was -gained by the duke of York,[11] who made a treaty with the king, in -such wise that, on the decease of the king, the duke was to succeed to -the crown, to the prejudice of the prince of Wales, son to king Henry -and the daughter of Réné king of Sicily. - -This treaty was so contrary to the will and interests of the queen -that she raised another army, of all who were inclined to her and her -son the prince of Wales, and took the field, to offer battle to the -duke of York, who had increased his army as strongly as possible, to -defend his rights. On the first day of January, in this year, the -battle took place, which was very bloody, and hardly contested; but -this time, fortune turned against the duke, who was made prisoner, -together with his second son[12] and the earl of Salisbury[13]. Shortly -after, the queen had them beheaded, and their heads put on the points -of three lances: and on the head of the duke was placed, by way of -derision, a paper crown, to denote his eagerness to be king, and his -having failed in the attempt. The earl of Warwick[14] found means to -escape after the battle, and quit the kingdom, which he did in a small -boat, with great danger, and arrived safely at his government of Calais. - -In this year, the rector of a village near to Soissons would have the -tithes from a farm, near to this village, belonging to some croisaders -in the holy land. The farmer refused to pay the tithe,--and the rector -instituted a suit against him and the croisaders, which he lost, and, -for this reason, conceived a great hatred against the farmer and the -farmer's wife. - -In this same village resided a sorceress, a woman of very bad fame, and -using the black art, who having quarrelled with the farmer's wife for -some trifle, complained to every one of the wrong that had been done -her, and even made complaint of it to the rector. He, full of hatred -against the farmer's wife, said that he wished to be revenged on her -if he knew but how; when the sorceress instantly said, that if he -would do as she should direct, he would have ample vengeance on her. -The rector replied, that there was nothing he would not do to satisfy -his revenge. The sorceress then went and brought him an earthen pot, in -which was a large toad that she had long kept and fed, and said, 'Take, -sir, this animal, and baptize it in the same manner as if it were a -child, and christen it John; then consecrate a holy wafer and give it -him to eat, and leave the rest to me.' - -The accursed priest, blinded by his hatred, baptized the filthy beast -by the name of John, and gave it to devour the holy body of our Lord, -then returned it to the hag, who instantaneously cut it in pieces, and -made a drink of it, with other diabolical ingredients. She then gave -it to a young girl whom she had, bidding her carry it to the house of -the farmer at his dinner-hour,--and after holding some conversation -with the farmer, his wife and children, while they were at dinner, to -throw it under the dining-table and come back to her. The girl did -as her mother had ordered, when the consequence was, that the farmer, -his wife, and one of their sons who was dining at the table, felt -themselves suddenly taken with qualms as if they had eaten something -nauseous,--and all died within three days. - -This coming to the knowledge of the magistrates, the sorceress, her -daughter, and the rector, were arrested; and, on the truth coming out, -the hag was publicly burnt in the town of Soissons: the girl, being -with child, was sent back to the prison, whence she escaped, but was -afterward retaken, and carried by an appeal before the parliament. The -rector was confined in the prisons of the bishop of Paris, whence he -escaped by dint of friends and money. I know not what became of the -girl. - -FOOTNOTES: - -[Footnote 11: Battle of Northampton.] - -[Footnote 12: Second son,--Edmund earl of Rutland.] - -[Footnote 13: Battle of Wakefield. For particulars of this reign, -see the english historians, particularly Wethamstede, a contemporary -writer.] - -[Footnote 14: The earl of Warwick--was not present at this battle, for -he and the duke of Norfolk had the charge of king Henry and of the city -of London: it was from the second battle, of St Alban's, that he fled -to Calais.] - - - - -CHAP. VIII. - - EDWARD EARL OF MARCHE, ELDEST SON TO THE LATE DUKE OF YORK, DEFEATS IN - BATTLE QUEEN MARGARET OF ENGLAND AND OBTAINS THE CROWN BY MEANS OF THE - LONDONERS.--THE QUEEN SEEKS AID FROM THE SCOTS. - - -On Palm Sunday, the 28th of March, in this same year, Edward earl -of Marche, eldest son to the duke of York, who had so lately been -beheaded, accompanied by the earl of Warwick and other english barons, -marched in arms to London, where he was received as king, and was -offered the crown, but refused to accept of it, until, as he said, he -should drive his enemies out of the kingdom. He thence led his army to -York, where the queen, the duke of Somerset, and those of her party, -were waiting in great numbers to give him battle. - -When the two armies approached, an engagement was agreed on between -the parties, to take effect near to a place called Ferrybridge, eight -leagues from York[15]; and when the day of battle arrived, the earls -of Marche and of Warwick ordered their van to advance, under the -command of earl Warwick's uncle, which was severely handled by the -Lancastrians, and put to the rout. The duke of Somerset, thinking the -battle won, allowed his troops to plunder and strip the dead. News of -this was carried instantly to the earl of Marche, whose army, though -very large and unbroken, was much alarmed at the intelligence. When the -earl saw them thus panicstruck, he had it proclaimed through the ranks, -that whoever was frightened might return home, but that all who were -willing to share his fortune should, if successful, receive a sum of -money; and that whoever fled, after having agreed to remain, the person -who put him to death should be handsomely paid for so doing. - -The earl of Warwick, hearing that his uncle was slain, and his men -defeated, cried out, with tears, 'I pray to God that he would receive -the souls of all who die in this battle:' then added, 'Dear Lord God, I -have none other succour but thine now in the world, who art my Creator -and Redeemer, to apply to: I beg therefore, vengeance at thy hands!' -then drawing his sword, he kissed the cross at the handle, and said to -his men, 'Whoever chooses to return home, may, for I shall live or die -this day with such as may like to remain with me.' On saying this, he -dismounted, and killed his horse with his sword. - -On the morrow, the main body of each army was so near that a general -battle took place, which was most bloody and severe; insomuch that -it lasted three days,--and for some time no one could tell which -side would be victorious: at length, the queen's party were defeated -and almost all killed or made prisoners. Among the principal persons -of note who fell that day were the earl of Northumberland, the lord -Clifford, the lord Muelle[16], brother to the earl,--the lord -Willoughby, the lord Wells, son to the duke of Buckingham, the lord -Grey, sir Andrew Trollop, a terrible man at arms, who had done -marvellous deeds of valour at this and other battles, and numbers of -other valiant gentlemen, and others, to the amount of thirty thousand. -Some that were made prisoners were afterward beheaded at York.[17] - -After the battle, Edward entered York, and had the heads of his father -and of his other friends taken down from the gates and most honourably -interred; and magnificent obsequies were performed for their souls -in the cathedral. He then returned to London, triumphant after his -victory, where he was joyfully received, and soon after crowned king of -England. - -On the other hand, the queen and the duke of Somerset had retreated -to a castle, wherein they remained until they heard that king Edward -was marching to besiege it[18]. On this, they fled from the castle, -and sought a refuge with Mary queen of Scotland, daughter to the duke -of Gueldres. The two queens concerted a marriage between the young -prince of Wales and queen Mary's eldest daughter, to secure the aid -of the Scots against Edward; but the duke of Burgundy, uncle to Mary, -instantly dispatched to her the lord de Groothuse, to break off this -marriage, because the king of Sicily, father to queen Margaret, was no -friend to the duke,--and thus the match was interrupted[19]. - -However, soon after the lord de Groothuse had left Scotland, the -Scots formed an alliance with the queen of England and her son, on -condition that the town and castle of Berwick, with its dependances, -then possessed by the English, on the borders of Scotland, should be -restored to them; and the marriage before mentioned was agreed on,--the -Scots thus adventuring their princess to regain Berwick rather than not -obtain it, as it was of very great strength,--although the prince and -princess were both too young to be then united, as neither of them were -more than seven or eight years old. - -During these troubles, and prior to the coronation of king Edward, he -had sent his two younger brothers into Holland that they might escape, -should he prove unsuccessful, confiding in the generous mind of the -noble duke of Burgundy. They remained in that country some time in -secret: but the duke no sooner knew who they were than he sent to seek -them, and had them brought to him at Bruges, where he showed them every -honour, and grandly entertained them. When king Edward had conquered -his enemies, he sent to request the duke to cause his brothers to be -escorted home, which the good duke very cheerfully complied with, and -had them honourably accompanied as far as Calais, toward the end of -April, in the year 1461. - -FOOTNOTES: - -[Footnote 15: The battle of Towton. Ferrybridge is 20 miles only from -York.] - -[Footnote 16: Muelle. Q. Nevill?] - -[Footnote 17: Those who were employed to number and bury the dead, -(as we are told by a contemporary writer, who lived near the scene of -action, Continuat. Hist. Croyland, p. 533.) declared that their number -amounted to thirty-eight thousand. Amongst these were many persons of -rank and fortune; as the earls of Northumberland, Westmoreland, and -Shrewsbury,--the lords Clifford, Beaumont, Nevil, Willoughby, Wells, -Roos, Scales, Grey, Dacres and Molineux,--besides a prodigious number -of knights and gentlemen! - -_Henry's Hist. of England_, vol. v. pp. 137, 138, 4th ed.] - -[Footnote 18: Edward did not leave York until after Easter, and was -crowned the 29th of June at Westminster. The dukes of Somerset and -Exeter, seeing the battle lost, fled with the king, queen, and prince -of Wales, and never thought themselves safe until they arrived at -Edinburgh. Henry, on coming to Edinburgh, was only attended by four men -and a boy. - -_Note to Pinkerton's Hist. of Scotland_, vol. ii. p. 248.--From the -Paston Letters.] - -[Footnote 19: 'A marriage between Edward prince of Wales and Mary, -the daughter of Scotland, was proposed and resolved, but delayed by -the youth of the parties, and finally prevented by the misfortunes -and death of the prince. To conciliate the expected aid, Berwick was -surrendered to the Scots: an object, often wished and attempted since -the disgraceful invasion of Edward Baliol. In return, a Scottish army -entered England and laid siege to Carlisle, which held for Edward IV. -but the English, led by lord Montague, raised the siege, and defeated -the Scots with great slaughter.' - -_Pinkerton_, p. 248. - -The Paston Letters say, that six thousand Scots were slain at Carlisle. - -The lord Montague, I imagine, should be sir John Nevel, brother to the -earl of Warwick, created lord Montacute after the battle of Towton.] - - - - -[A.D. 1441.] - -CHAP. IX. - - KING CHARLES OF FRANCE, HAVING BEEN TOLD THAT IT WAS INTENDED TO - POISON HIM FELL SICK AT HEART AND DIED. - - -About the beginning of July, in this year certain rumours having been -spread abroad by evil-minded persons, that it was intended to poison -the king while he resided at Mehun sur Yevre[20], and these reports -coming to his ears, he never afterward tasted joy. It was told him by -one of his captains, whose attachment he knew,--and therefore he put -such confidence in the tale that he refused to take any kind of food, -because he had not any faith in those about his person; nor could he -be prevailed on to take any nourishment for eight days, until his -physicians told him, that if he pursued this plan, he would die. He -then attempted to eat,--but he had left off so long that his stomach -refused its functions. On this, he confessed himself, and made his -preparations like a good Catholic; and finding himself grow daily -weaker, he devoutly received all the sacraments of the church, and made -his last arrangements and will according to his pleasure. He ordered -his executors to bury him in the same chapel where his father and -grandfather had been interred, in the church of St Denis, and ended his -days on Magdalen-day in the month and year above mentioned, in the town -of Mehun sur Yevre. - -FOOTNOTES: - -[Footnote 20: Mehun sur Yevre,--a town in Berry, four leagues from -Bourges.] - - - - -CHAP. X. - - TWELVE HOUSES ARE BURNT IN THE VILLAGE OF JUCHY, NEAR CAMBRAY.--THE - DUKE OF BURGUNDY HOLDS THE FEAST OF THE GOLDEN FLEECE, AT ST OMER. THE - DAUPHINESS BROUGHT TO BED OF A PRINCESS, AT GENAPPE.--AMBASSADORS FROM - THE HOLY LAND COME TO THE COURT OF FRANCE,--AND THENCE TO THE COURT OF - BURGUNDY. - - -About this period, twelve houses were burnt in the village of Juchy, -near Cambray. The fire began in the house of a man who had thrice, that -same day, thrust his own mother of it, saying the third time, with -great malice, that he would see his house on fire rather than that she -should remain another day in it. Shortly after, his house took fire, no -body knew how, and was burnt down, with twelve of the adjoining houses, -which seemed to prove the Divine vengeance against this wicked man. - -The good duke of Burgundy held his feast of the order of the Golden -Fleece on the first of May, in this year, at St Omer, right nobly. Most -of the knights of the order were present,--among whom were Charles -count de Charolois his son, the duke of Cleves, his brother Adolphus -nephew of the duke of Burgundy, the count d'Estampes, the marshal of -Burgundy, the lord de Croy, his brother, and the lord de Launoy their -nephew the lord de Hautbourdin, the bastard de St Pol, the lord de -Bievres bastard of Burgundy, and many more. The dukes of Orleans and of -Alençon were not present,--but they sent their proxies. Several great -lords from Germany, France, Scotland, and other countries, came to this -feast, which lasted for three days in the usual manner. - -Notwithstanding the regulations of this order, that every knight of it -must be without reproach, a knight assisted at the feast as proxy for -the duke of Alençon, whom the king of France had declared guilty of -high treason against him, and for this had sentenced him to perpetual -imprisonment. But the duke of Burgundy held him for a nobleman of -honour, and without reproach,--and said that the king of France had -thus condemned him through the envy and wicked insinuations of others, -and had wrongfully dishonoured him! This language he publicly held -during the three days of the feast!! - -As it was the custom, after this feast, to hold a chapter of the order -and to elect new companions in the room of such as had deceased, they -now elected sir Phillip Pot lord de la Roche-Bourguignon, the lord de -Groothuse a Fleming, the lord de Roye a Picard, and also the king of -Arragon, to whom the duke sent the collar of the order, by the lord de -Crequy, notably accompanied. - -At the conclusion of the feast, and when all business was done, -the count de Charolois, Adolphus of Cleves, and Anthony bastard of -Burgundy, held a just against all comers, which was followed by another -noble feast. - -At this time the dauphiness, consort to the lord Louis, eldest son to -the king of France, was brought to bed of a daughter at Genappe in -Brabant, where he resided for fear of his father, in whose ill graces -he was, as mentioned before. - -In this same month of May, there arrived at the court of France -ambassadors from the holy land and other eastern countries. In the -number was a prelate dressed like a cordelier friar, who called himself -patriarch of Antioch,--a knight from the king of Trebisonde,--another -knight from the king of Persia,--one from the king of Georgia and -Mesopotamia, who was more strangely dressed than the rest. He was a -stout, robust man, having two tonsures on his head like to the one our -priests have in France,--and to each ear hung a ring. There was also an -ambassador from the little Turk[21], who said, that if the Christians -would make war on the grand Turk, his lord would join them with fifty -thousand combatants. There was another ambassador from the king of -Armenia, a handsome and genteel knight; and, to conclude, there was -another from Prester-John, who, the others said, was a most learned -man. It was reported, that they had been more than seventeen months -journeying from their own countries before they came to France. - -On their presentation to the king of France, they styled him the most -Christian king,--and requested that he would send an army under his -banner against the grand Turk, and assured him that he would have -the assistance of all the kings and princes whose ambassadors were -now before him. They declared, that they wanted not his money, for -of that their lords had enough; but that if the king would send his -banner, under the command of one of his experienced captains, the grand -Turk, and his whole army, would be more alarmed than by one hundred -thousand other persons. I know what answer the king made them, but -he caused them to be grandly feasted and entertained. Shortly after, -they departed from France, for the court of the duke of Burgundy, who -received them most honourably, entertained them well, and made them -many rich presents. It is to be supposed that they made to the duke -a request similar to that which they had made to the king of France; -for the duke replied, that if they could prevail on the king of France -to guarantee his possessions during his absence, he would assist them -personally, and to the utmost of his power. - -FOOTNOTES: - -[Footnote 21: Little Turk. Q. The cham of the Tartars?] - - - - -CHAP. XI. - - OF THE DEATH OF CHARLES VII. KING OF FRANCE.--OF THE TROUBLES - AND DIFFICULTIES HE HAD TO ENCOUNTER AT THE COMMENCEMENT OF HIS - REIGN,--AND OF HIS GLORIOUS AND GREAT FEATS OF ARMS. - - -On the 22d day of July, in the year 1461, departed this life, at -Mehun sur Yevre, king Charles VII. of France, in the 58th year of his -age, and the 39th of his reign. Fortune was so adverse to him at the -beginning of his career that he lost the whole of that part of his -kingdom which extended from the seas of Flanders and England to the -river Loire, by the efforts and courage of Henry king of England, who -had married his sister, and contended to be king of France through the -aid of the duke of Burgundy, because king Charles had been consenting -to the murder of his father duke John of Burgundy, at the town of -Montereau sur Yonne, notwithstanding they had sworn to keep peace -and friendship between them on the holy sacrament, and had divided -the wafer between them as a pledge of their amity,--which was a most -disgraceful act, and never can be enough condemned. - -However, duke Philip of Burgundy, from loyalty to the crown of France, -and a dislike to see the English in possession of that country, which -they were destroying, at the earnest request and solicitations of king -Charles, agreed to a peace, which was signed at Arras in the 35th year -of the king's reign. - -The English from that moment lost ground in France; and king Charles -prospered so much that he reconquered from them the whole of his -kingdom, with the exception of Calais, Guines and Hammes, which are -situated on the confines of the Boulonois. After these conquests, -he always kept on foot fifteen hundred lances, and from five to six -thousand archers, on regular pay,--namely, for each man at arms and -three horses, fifteen florins, royal money, and for each archer seven -florins, per month. These sums were raised by taxes on the inhabitants -of the good towns and villages, and, in common, so punctually collected -that there was scarcely any delay in the payments. - -The men at arms and archers were under such good discipline that no -pillager or robber dared to infest the highways for fear of them, as -they were continually on the look-out and in pursuit of such with the -officers of justice. These men at arms escorted the merchants who -travelled with their merchandise from place to place, so that every -one was pleased with them; for before their appointment, those called -Skinners, from their robbing all who fell in their way, were the sole -guides of merchants, whom they plundered. - - - - -CHAP. XII. - - THE DAUPHIN AND THE DUKE OF BURGUNDY MAKE PREPARATIONS TO GO TO - RHEIMS, FOR THE CORONATION OF THE DAUPHIN.--OF THE INTERMENT OF THE - LATE KING CHARLES.--THE CORONATION OF KING LOUIS XI. AT RHEIMS.--OTHER - MATTERS. - - -As soon as the dauphin heard of the death of his father, he sent off, -in haste, a messenger to Hêdin, to inform the duke of Burgundy of this -event; but he was already acquainted with it. These two princes now -appointed a day for meeting at Avênes in Hainault, thence to proceed -to the city of Rheims, for the coronation of the dauphin as king of -France. For greater security, the duke ordered all his nobles to be -under arms, in and about St Quentin in the Vermandois, on the 8th of -the ensuing month of August; and there was not a lord or baron who did -not equip himself in the handsomest array, and come attended with, the -greatest possible number of archers,--so that, when all assembled, it -was a fine sight to be viewed. - -But when the dauphin learnt that the duke of Burgundy had collected so -numerous an army, he was fearful that all the country it should march -through would be ruined and wasted: he therefore requested the duke to -disband it, and bring with him only the greater barons of his country -in their usual state, armed or disarmed. The duke willingly complied -with this request, and dismissed to their homes the greater part of his -army, retaining, to attend him, only about four thousand combatants, -the best appointed that ever nobles were; but it was said, that if he -had not disbanded the army, he would have been escorted by more than -one hundred thousand fighting men. - -The great lords of France came daily to pay their obedience to the -dauphin, and to acknowledge him for their king, as did deputations from -the principal towns. - -Soon after the news of the late king's death was known to the duke of -Burgundy, he set out for Avênes in Hainault, where the dauphin waited -for him; and on his arrival, a grand funeral service was performed -for king Charles during the second and third days of August. At this -service, the dauphin was the chief mourner, dressed in black, supported -by the duke of Burgundy and the count of Charolois, and followed by -the count d'Estampes, James de Bourbon, Adolphus of Cleves, and many -other great lords. When the service was over, the dauphin, whom I shall -henceforth call king, immediately dressed himself in purple, which is -the custom in France; for as soon as a king there dies, his eldest son, -or next heir, clothes himself in purple, and is called king,--for that -realm is supposed never to be without a king. - -King Louis departed from Avênes, on the 4th day of August, for Laon; -and on the next day the duke of Burgundy set out for St Quentin, to -meet the nobles of his country, whom he had ordered to assemble there -and to accompany him to the coronation of the king. - -While these things were going on, the body of the late king was -embalmed, placed on a car covered with cloth of gold, and carried to -the church of Nôtre Dame in Paris, where a solemn funeral service was -performed, and thence carried to St Denis, where another service -was performed,--and the body was then interred with the kings his -ancestors, who were all buried in the church of this abbey. - -On the 14th of August, king Louis made his entry into the city of -Rheims, attended by the noble duke Philip of Burgundy, the count de -Charolois his son, the duke of Bourbon, the duke of Cleves, his brother -the lord of Ravenstein--all three nephews to duke Philip,--the count of -St Pol, and such numbers of barons, knights and gentlemen, all richly -dressed, that it was a handsome spectacle. There were also present the -counts of Angoulême, of Eu, of Vendôme, of Grand-pré, sir Philip de -Savoye, the count de Nassau, and numbers of other lords. - -The morrow, being the feast of the Assumption of our Lady, king Louis -was crowned king of France, by the hands of the archbishop of Rheims, -in the presence of all the peers of France, or their proxies. When -the king was dressed, and on the point of being mounted, he drew his -sword, and, presenting it to the duke of Burgundy, desired that he -would make him a knight by his hand,--which was a novelty, for it has -been commonly said that all the sons of the kings of France are made -knights at the font when baptised. Nevertheless, the duke, in obedience -to his command, gave him the accolade, and with his hand dubbed him -knight, with five or six other lords, then present,--namely, the lord -de Beaujeu, his brother James, both brothers to the duke of Bourbon, -the two sons of the lord de Croy, and master John Bureau, treasurer of -France. - -The duke was then entreated to make all knights who wished to be so, -which he did until he was weary, and then gave up the office to other -lords, who made so many that it would be impossible to name them all: -let it suffice, that it was said that upwards of two hundred new -knights were created on that day. - -Many fine mysteries were performed at this coronation,--at which were -present, besides the twelve peers and great officers of state, the -cardinal of Constance, the patriarch of Antioch, a legate from the -pope, four archbishops, seventeen bishops, and six abbots. - -After the ceremonies in the church, the twelve peers of France dined, -as usual, with the king. When the tables were removed, the duke of -Burgundy, with his accustomed benevolence and frankness, cast himself -on his knees before the king, and begged of him, for the passion and -death of our Saviour, that he would forgive all whom he suspected of -having been the cause of the quarrel between him and his late father; -and that he would maintain all the late king's officers in their -places, unless, after due examination, any should be found to have -acted improperly in their situations. The king granted this request, -with the reserve of seven persons,--but I know not who they were. - -After this, the duke said,--'My most redoubted lord, I at this moment -do you homage for the duchy of Burgundy, the counties of Flanders -and of Artois, and for all the countries I hold of the noble crown -of France. I acknowledge you as my sovereign lord, and promise you -obedience and service, not only for the lands I hold of you, but for -all others which I do not hold of you; and I promise to serve you -personally, so long as I shall live, with as many nobles and warriors -as I shall be able to assemble, and with as much money in gold and -silver as I can raise.' - -Then all the other princes, dukes, and counts and lords did homage to -the king. From Rheims, the king departed, after the coronation, to -Meaux in Brie, and thence to St Denis, to pay his devotions at the -sepulchre of his father. In the mean time, the duke of Burgundy went, -with a small attendance, from Meaux to Paris, where he arrived on -Sunday, the last day but one of August, and found there his son, and -the greater part of his attendants, who had arrived eight days before -him. - - - - -CHAP. XIII. - - KING LOUIS XI. MAKES HIS PUBLIC ENTRY INTO PARIS.--THE HANDSOME - RECEPTION HE MEETS WITH.--THE GREAT MAGNIFICENCE OF THE DUKE OF - BURGUNDY AND HIS ATTENDANTS. - - -On Monday, the last day of August, the noble duke of Burgundy issued -out of Paris, after dinner, grandly accompanied, to meet the king of -France, who was waiting for him in the plain of St Denis, to attend -him on his entrance into the city of Paris, which was to take place -on that day, for the first time since his coronation. After the first -compliments on their meeting, they arranged their men, for their -entrance, in order following: First rode before all the rest, the lord -de Ravenstein, the lord de Baussegines, and the lord de la Roche, -abreast, each having six pages behind him so nobly mounted and richly -dressed that it was a pleasure to see them. Next came the archers of -the count d'Estampes, two and two, in number twenty-four, and well -appointed, with two knights as their leaders, followed by the two -brothers, the counts de Nevers and d'Estampes, the count d'Estampes -having behind him thirteen pages magnificently dressed,--then upwards -of thirty of the lords and gentlemen of the household of the count, -superbly equipped. - -Next came the archers of the duke of Bourbon, amounting to more than -twenty-four; then thirty archers of the count de Charolois, very well -appointed, having two knights for their captains; then two other -knights, leaders of the duke of Burgundy's archers, to the number of -one hundred, handsomely dressed; then the lords and gentlemen of his -household, with the other great barons who had accompanied him, most -magnificently dressed, themselves and their horses, to the amount of -upwards of two hundred and forty, with housings trailing on the ground, -which was a noble sight. - -After them came the admiral and marshal of France, with many great -lords and gentlemen of the king's household, with forty very splendid -housings; then came the counts d'Eu, de la Marche, and de Perdriac -abreast, and without housings, who were followed by the heralds of -the king and princes, to the number of seventy-four; then the king's -archers, amounting to six score, well equipped, each having a valet -on foot beside him; then fifty-and-four trumpeters,--but none sounded -excepting those of the king. After the trumpets came the marshal of -Burgundy and the lord de Croy, very richly dressed; then Joachim -Rohault, master of the horse to the king, bearing the royal sword in -a scarf, followed by the son of Flocquet, bearing the king's helmet, -having thereon a very rich crown of gold. Between these last and the -king was a led horse covered with trappings of blue velvet, besprinkled -with flowers de luce of gold; then came the king, mounted on a white -steed, dressed in a white silk robe without sleeves, his head covered -with a hood hanging down. He was surrounded by four of the burghers of -Paris, who bore on lances a canopy over his head of cloth of gold, in -the same manner as the holy sacrament is carried from the altar. Behind -the king were two men at arms on foot, having battle-axes in their -hands. The king was followed by the duke of Burgundy so splendidly -dressed, himself and his horse, that the whole of his equipment was -valued at ten hundred thousand crowns. Nine pages attended him, -magnificently appointed, each having a light but superb helmet, one -of which was said to be worth a hundred thousand crowns,--and the -frontlet of the duke's horse was covered with the richest jewels. On -his left hand was his nephew, the duke of Bourbon, handsomely dressed -and mounted, and on his right his son, the count de Charolois, most -superbly dressed. - -About a stone's cast in their rear came the duke of Cleves, himself and -his horse highly adorned with precious stones; then all the other lords -of France in such numbers that there were upwards of twelve thousand -horse, so finely equipped that it was a pleasure to see them, although -not with such splendid trappings as the Burgundians,--for many among -them knew not whether they were well or ill in the opinion of the king. - -Before this grand entry commenced, a cardinal and the principal -burghers of Paris came out of the town to pay their obedience to the -king while in the plain. The duke of Orleans did not come out of Paris, -as well on account of his age as because he mourned for the death of -king Charles, but placed himself at an apartment which looked towards -the street, from the windows of which he saw the procession pass, as -did the duchess of Alençon with her son the count du Perche, then about -fifteen years old, of a noble figure, and in high spirits,--for his -father was released from prison immediately on king Charles's death. - -At the entrance of the gate of Paris was the representation of a ship -elegantly made, from which two small angels descended, by machinery, -right over the king as he passed, and placed a crown on his head; which -done, they re-ascended into the ship. In the street of St Denis was a -fountain that ran wine and hippocras for all who chose to drink. At -the corner of a street leading to the market was a butcher of Paris, -who, on seeing the duke of Burgundy, cried with a loud voice, 'Frank -and noble duke of Burgundy, you are welcome to Paris: it is a long time -since you have been here, although you have been much wished for.' - -At the entrance of the Châtelet was a representation of the capture of -the castle of Dieppe from the English, which had been taken by king -Louis while dauphin. In other parts were pageants of the crucifixion -of our Lord, and of divers subjects from history. The streets were -so crowded with people that with difficulty the procession went -forward, although it had been proclaimed by sound of trumpet that no -one should be in those streets through which the king was to pass; -but the anxious desire thus to see all the nobility of France caused -the proclamation to be little regarded,--for the whole of the nobles -were there excepting king Réné of Sicily and his brother the count -du Maine, who were with the widowed queen their sister.--Neither the -duke of Brittany, the duke of Alençon, nor the count d'Armagnac were -present, for the late king had banished the two last his kingdom, and -confiscated their fortunes. However, soon after, namely, on the 18th -day of September, the duke d'Alençon came to the new king at Paris, -who received him most kindly, and granted him a free pardon: he then -waited on the duke of Burgundy, who gave him a very kind reception. - -On the king's arrival at Paris, he went straight to the church of Nôtre -Dame, where he paid his devotions, and then took the usual oath which -the kings of France take on their first entrance into Paris,--and while -in the church, he created four new knights. He then remounted his -horse, and went to the palace, which had been highly ornamented for his -reception, where he held open court and supped: the peers of France, -and those of his blood, sat at the royal table. On the morrow, he fixed -his residence at the Tournelles. - -The duke of Burgundy was lodged at his hôtel of Artois, which was hung -with the richest tapestries the Parisians had seen: and his table -was the most splendid any prince ever kept, so that all the world -went to see it, and marvelled at its magnificence. Even when he rode -through the streets or went to pay his devotions at church, crowds -followed to see him, because every day he wore some new dress or jewel -of price,--and he was always accompanied by seven or eight dukes or -counts, and twenty or thirty of his archers on foot, having in their -hands hunting spears or battle-axes. - -In the dining hall of his hôtel was placed a square sideboard, with -four steps to each side, which, at dinner-time, was covered with -the richest gold and silver plate: at the corners were unicorns, so -handsome and finely done that they were surprising to behold. In this -garden was pitched a superb tent, covered on the outside with fine -velvet, embroidered with fusils in gold, and powdered over with gold -sparkles. The fusils were the arms of all his countries and lordships, -and were very richly worked. In short, whether the duke remained in his -hôtel or came abroad, every one pressed to see him, on account of his -noble appearance and great riches. - - - - -CHAP. XIV. - - THE KING AND THE DUKE OF BURGUNDY TAKE LEAVE OF EACH OTHER, AND DEPART - FROM PARIS.--EVENTS THAT HAPPENED IN DIVERS PARTS. - - -The king, during his stay at Paris, dismissed some of his officers -from their places, and nominated others to fill them. He then made -preparations to leave Paris, for Amboise, to visit the queen his -mother, who there resided. The day before his departure, he went to -the hôtel of Artois, to take leave of his uncle of Burgundy, who was -then sitting at dinner; but he rose from table the moment he heard -the king was coming, and went out far in the street, and, on meeting -him, knelt down to salute him. The king instantly dismounted, and they -walked together in the hôtel; and then, in the hearing of the whole -company, the king thanked the duke for all the honours and services -he had done him, acknowledging that he was indebted to him for every -thing he possessed,--for had it not been for his friendship, he would -not, perhaps, have been now alive. He then took leave of the duke, -and returned to the palace of the Tournelles,--and on the morrow, -the 24th of September, set out from Paris, escorted by the duke and -all the lords of his company, very far on the road, notwithstanding -they had taken leave of each other the preceding day. The king then -again thanked him for his friendship and services,--and the duke most -honourably offered him his life and fortune whenever called upon. - -The king continued his road toward Amboise; and the duke returned to -Paris with his noble company, where he remained until the last day of -September, and then went to St Denis, staying there two days with his -niece the duchess of Orleans. He had a magnificent funeral service -performed in the church of St Denis, as well for the soul of the late -king Charles as for the souls of all the kings who had been there -interred, and from whom he was descended. He gave dinners and banquets -to the lords and ladies who had accompanied him thither from Paris. - -From St Denis the duke returned by Compiègne, and the places of the -count de St Pol, who grandly feasted him, to the town of Cambray; for -the king of France, while at Paris, had made up the quarrel between -the count and the duke of Burgundy. Peace was also made between the -count de St Pol and the lord de Croy, who before hated each other -most mortally. At length, the duke arrived at his city of Brussels in -Brabant. - -His son the count de Charolois took his leave at St Denis, and, with -the duke's approbation, went into Burgundy, where he was grandly -feasted, for he had never before been in that country, having been -brought up in the town of Ghent. Before he left Burgundy, he went to -visit the shrine of St Claude[22], on the confines of that country, -and thence took the road to wait on the king at Tours. - -In this year, the summer was very fine and dry: the wines and corn were -good, and the last very cheap. However after August, there were many -fevers and other disorders, which, although not mortal, lasted a long -time. - -About the feast of St Remy, all the gabelles and taxes throughout the -realm were proclaimed to be let to the highest bidder. It happened -that the populace in Rheims rose against those who had taken them, and -killed several; they then seized their books and papers, wherein their -engagements were written, and burnt them in the open streets. The king -on hearing this, ordered thither a large body of troops, who, dressing -themselves as labourers, entered the gates by two and three at a time, -so that, soon being assembled in sufficient force, they threw open the -gates for the remainder of the army, under the command of the lord de -Moy, who instantly arrested from four score to a hundred of those who -were the most guilty of this outrage, and had them beheaded,--which so -intimidated the rest that they dared not longer oppose the will of the -king. - -In this year died at Bordeaux, Poton de Saintrailles, seneschal of -the Bordelois, who had been in his time wise, prudent, and valiant in -arms, and together with another great captain, called La Hire, who died -before him, had aided the late king Charles so ably and gallantly, to -reconquer his kingdom from the English, that it was said his success -was more owing to them than to any others in his realm. - -On the 11th of October, in this year the church and town of Encre[23] -were almost entirely destroyed by fire in less than half an hour, which -was a sad misfortune to the poor inhabitants. - -Between September and the 1st of November, marvellous signs were seen -in the air like to lighted torches, four fathoms long and a foot -thick, where they remained fixed for half a quarter of an hour,--and -they were thus seen at two different times. Some said they had observed -in the night the appearance of battles in the air, and had heard great -noises and reports. - -FOOTNOTES: - -[Footnote 22: St Claude, or St Oyen,--a city in Franche-comté: it owes -its origin to a celebrated abbey, founded in the fifth century, so -called after St Claude archbishop of Besançon.] - -[Footnote 23: Encre. Q. Ancre or Abbert? a town in Picardy, seven -leagues from Peronne.] - - - - -CHAP. XV. - - THE COUNT DE CHAROLOIS WAITS ON THE KING OF FRANCE AT TOURS, WHERE - HE IS MAGNIFICENTLY ENTERTAINED.--HE LOSES HIMSELF WHILE AT THE - CHASE.--HE RETURNS TO ARTOIS THROUGH NORMANDY, OF WHICH THE KING HAD - MADE HIM HIS LIEUTENANT. - - -After the count de Charolois had performed his pilgrimage to Saint -Claude, he took the road to Tours, where king Louis resided at that -time. The count was accompanied by a number of great lords and nobles, -and about three hundred and fifty horsemen. - -When the king knew that he was near to Tours, he sent out to meet him -the greatest lords of his household, who gave him a joyful reception, -and, by the king's commands, led him to dismount at the palace, where -he was met by the king and received most honourably by him and his -whole court. The king took him for his amusement to all the handsome -places around,--and he was grandly feasted at each of them. The king -one day took him to hunt a red deer, which showed much sport, but ran -so long, the count pursuing him, that when night came, he knew not -where he was, and had but four other persons with him. They, however, -proceeded, although it was dark night, until they stumbled on a good -inn, wherein they were lodged. - -The king, on his return from the chase, not hearing any thing of the -count, no one being able to give him the least intelligence what -was become of him, was exceedingly vexed and alarmed, and instantly -dispatched people to all the adjacent villages, and had lighted torches -fixed to the church steeples, that, should the count see them, he -might find his road back again to Tours: those who were sent into the -forests carried lighted brands or torches. - -The king was so troubled, for fear of some accident happening to the -count, that he swore he would not drink until he should hear something -of him. In the mean time, the count, doubting that the king would be -uneasy at his absence, and learning from his host that he was but -two leagues from Tours, wrote him an account where he was by one his -servants, whom he sent under the guidance of a peasant, and desired him -not to be uneasy at his absence, for that he had only lost his way. The -king, on the receipt of this letter, was much rejoiced and sent for him -very early the next morning. - -The duke of Somerset was at this time with the king of France, having -been banished England by king Edward, whose enemy he was, and against -whom he had made war, in support of queen Margaret's quarrel. He had -fled to France to take refuge under king Charles, but, on his arrival, -had found him dead. He had been arrested by the officers of the new -king, and carried to his hôtel; but at the request of the count de -Charolois, the king gave him not only his liberty but handsome presents -of gold and silver, for he was a great favourite with the count, -because he was his relative, and also because he preferred the party -of king Henry to that of king Edward, although he knew well that his -father the duke of Burgundy, was of a contrary way of thinking. The -duke of Somerset was desirous of retiring into Scotland; but as he -was informed that king Edward had put spies to watch his conduct, he -withdrew to Bruges, where he remained in private a considerable time. - -The count de Charolois, having staid nearly a month with the king, was -desirous to take his leave, which the king granted, together with an -annual pension of thirty-six thousand francs, and appointed him his -lieutenant general of Normandy. The count returned by Blois, where he -was handsomely entertained by the duke of Orleans, and thence proceeded -through Normandy. He was met by processions from all the principal -towns through which he passed, and received as many honours as if he -had been the king himself,--for the king had so ordered, by commands -which he had sent to the different towns. At Rouen, in particular, -he was magnificently received. He passed through Abbeville and Hêdin -without stopping any where, until he came to Aire, where his countess -was: from Aire he soon after departed, to wait on his father the duke -of Burgundy then at Brussels. - -About this time, John bishop of Arras, through the instigation of -the pope, prevailed on the king of France to abolish the pragmatic -sanction[24], which had been established in France for upward of -thirty years. In return for having done this, the pope sent him the red -hat, and made him a cardinal, under title of Cardinal of Arras. While -this pragmatic sanction was in force, the benefices of the kingdom -were disposed of at the nomination of the universities, whence arose -innumerable law suits,--and this practice was greatly prejudicial to -the court of Rome. - -At this period died Flocquet, one of the king's commanders, valiant -and subtile in war. By his subtilty he won Pont de l'Arche from the -English, and was the first cause of the total loss of Normandy to the -English. - -At this time also died master Nicholas Raullin, at Autun in Burgundy. -He had first been an advocate in the parliament, then chancellor -to duke Philip, whom he governed very wisely in many difficult -affairs during the whole time he held this office, and was a great -favourite with the duke; but while he managed his lord's business -so well, he was not neglectful of his own,--for he acquired, during -his service, upwards of forty thousand francs of landed revenue and -many lordships,--so that his sons were rich and great lords, and his -daughters married very nobly. - -FOOTNOTES: - -[Footnote 24: The title of the Pragmatic Sanction was given to an -assembly of the French clergy at Bourges, called by Charles VII. where -in the presence of the princes of the blood, and of the chief nobility -of the kingdom the canons of the council of Basil were examined and -being found, for the most part, to be very wise and just, and perfectly -calculated to extinguish the capital grievances that had been so long -complained of, they were compiled into a law for the benefit of the -gallican church. The power of nominating to ecclesiastical dignities -was taken from the see of Rome; and those branches of the papal -prerogatives which were not abolished were so curtailed as to be less -injurious to the people and detrimental to the monarchy.] - - - - -CHAP. XVI. - - DUKE PHILIP OF BURGUNDY DANGEROUSLY ILL, BUT RECOVERS.--OTHER MATTERS - WHICH HAPPENED AT THIS PERIOD. - - -About Candlemas, in this year 1461, the duke of Burgundy was taken -so dangerously ill, in the city of Brussels, that the physicians -despaired of his life; and the duke, in consequence, sent in haste -to his son, then at Quesnoy, who instantly came to him. The count de -Charolois, seeing the duke in so great danger, issued orders throughout -his father's dominions for the priests and monks of all churches and -abbeys to offer up ardent and devout prayers to God, that he would be -pleased to restore his father to health. Processions were, therefore, -made, and prayers offered up with so much affection that God, full of -pity and mercy, restored the duke to health,--for he was beloved by his -subjects as much as prince ever was. - -His son the count de Charolois, who had no legitimate children, showed -his affection in another manner; for he never quitted his bedside, -and was always at hand to administer to him whatever was prescribed -in his illness. He was three or four nights and days without taking -any rest, which rather displeased his father,--and he ordered him -frequently to take some repose, because it was better to lose one than -both. In short, the prayers for the good duke were so effectual, and -his physicians so attentive, that he recovered his health, excepting -a debility that always remained, which inclines to a belief that, had -it not been for the prayers of some religious and good persons, he had -never recovered. - -At this time, died the lady of Ravenstein, niece to the duchess of -Burgundy,--a very good lady, devout and charitable, and much regretted -by all who knew her. - -About the beginning of March, the lady of Bar, wife to the count of St -Pol, deceased. She left her husband four sons and several daughters. -Her eldest son, Louis de Luxembourg, succeeded to the earldom of -Marle, the second to that of Brienne, and the third to the lordship of -Roussy.--She was a very noble lady, and of high birth. - -At this time also died, in Abbeville, a very renowned knight in arms, -called sir Gauvain Quieret, the most adventurous of all his fraternity -in war, and much beloved by his men. - -In this year, the duchess of Orleans, niece to the duke of Burgundy, -was brought to bed of a fine boy, to whom the king of France stood -godfather, and gave him his name of Louis. The queen of England, wife -to king Henry, was the godmother, who had come to require aid from her -cousin-german, the king, against king Edward, who had deprived her -husband of his crown. - -At this time, and three or four years prior to it, all sorts of crimes -were committed in the country of Artois with impunity,--such as -robberies, thefts, violating of women, even in the great towns, and -often under the eyes of officers of justice, who took no notice of the -criminals, except, indeed, of some poor persons unacknowledged by any -great lord! These crimes were committed in a greater degree within -the city of Arras, the capital of Artois, than elsewhere, which was a -shocking and infamous example to all the other parts of that country. - - - - -CHAP. XVII. - - A MORE PARTICULAR ACCOUNT OF THE FUNERAL SERVICES PERFORMED AT PARIS - AND ST DENIS, ON THE DEATH OF KING CHARLES VII. OF FRANCE. - - -On Magdalen-day, in the year 1461, as I have before mentioned, died -king Charles VII. of France, at the castle of Mehun sur Yevre, whose -soul may God pardon and receive in mercy! - -On the following Tuesday, a solemn funeral service was performed for -him in the church of St Denis, such as has been usually performed -yearly for Louis le gros, formerly king of France. - -On the Wednesday, the 5th of August, the body of the said king was -brought, at ten o'clock at night, to Paris, but left, without the -walls, in the church of Nôtre Dame des Champs. Four lords of the court -of parliament held the four corners of the pall, clothed in scarlet -mantles: many other lords also supported the pall, dressed in crimson -robes. - -The body was, on the morrow, put on a litter covered with a very -rich cloth of gold, and borne by six score salt porters. The duke of -Orleans, the count of Angoulême, the count of Eu, and the count of -Dunois, were the principal mourners, all four on horseback. They were -followed by the car which had brought the body from Mehun, having a -black velvet pall thrown across it, which was covered with a white -cross of very rich figured velvet. This car was drawn by five horses -with trappings of black figured velvet that reached to the ground, and -covered them so completely that their eyes only were to be seen. After -the car came six pages in black velvet, with hoods of the same, mounted -on horses with trappings similar to those of the car. Before the body -was the patriarch, then bishop of Avranches, who performed the services -at Nôtre Dame and at St Denis, as shall be mentioned hereafter. The -clergy of Nôtre Dame, and of all the other parishes of Paris, led the -procession; then came the rector of the university, followed by the -members of the chamber of accounts dressed in black; then those of the -court of requests, the provost of Paris, the court of the Châtelet, and -the burghers of Paris, in regular order. In the front of all were the -four orders of mendicant monks. The whole was closed by an innumerable -quantity of people from Paris and other parts. - -There were two hundred wax tapers, of four pounds weight each, borne -by two hundred men dressed in black. The church of Nôtre Dame was hung -with black silk, besprinkled with flowers de luce. - -The body of the king was placed in the middle of the choir, when a -service for the dead was performed, and the vigils chaunted. On the -morrow, Friday, the 7th day of August, mass was celebrated by the -patriarch; and about three o'clock in the afternoon of that day, -the lords before named attended the body, which was carried to La -Croix-ou-Fiens, which is between La Chappelle-St-Denis and where the -Lendit-fair is holden, when a desperate quarrel arose about carrying -the body to the church, and it remained there a long time; at length -the burghers of St Denis took up the bier as it was, and wanted to -carry the body to Saint Denis, because the salt-porters had left it on -the road, by reason of a refusal to pay them the sum of ten livres, -which they demanded. The master of the horse to the king having -promised payment of this sum, they carried the body into the choir of -the church of St Denis,--but it was eight o'clock before it arrived -there. At this hour, vespers for the dead only were chaunted for -the king, and on the morrow, at six in the morning, matins, namely, -_Dirige_, &c. - -There were present at St Denis the duke and duchess of Orleans, -the counts of Angoulême and of Dunois, the lords de Brosses and de -Château-brun, the master of the horse, the bishop of Paris, the -court of parliament, the bishop of Bayeux. The bishops of Troyes and -of Chartres performed the service, and the bishop of Orleans the -office. The bishops of Angers, of Beziers, of Senlis, of Meaux, the -abbots of St Germain, of St Magloire, of St Estienne de Dijon, of St -Victor, attended the mass,--but only one grand mass was celebrated -for the king; after which, the body was interred in the chapel of his -grandfather, between the body of the latter and that of his father. - -The choir of the church was all hung with black velvet,--and there -was a most sumptuous catafalque in the center of the choir, under -which was placed the body of the late king, surrounded with as many -wax tapers as it could hold. The corpse was in a cyprus-wood coffin, -inclosed in another of lead, and then in another of common wood, -having a representation of the said king lying between two sheets on -a mattress on the pall. This figure was dressed in a tunic and mantle -of velvet, embroidered with flowers de luce, lined with ermine, holding -in one hand a sceptre of the hand of Justice, and in the other a larger -sceptre: it had a crown on the head, under which was a pillow of velvet. - -The king's officers had borne a canopy over the coffin, on eight -lances, as far as the Croix-ou-Fiens, where they were met by eight -of the benedictine monks from St Denis, who would have taken their -places; but the equerry refused to allow it, as he said that it was -not customary,--for that the canopy was only borne over the body when -passing through towns, but not when in the open country. - -When the body arrived at the gate of the town of St Denis, it was set -down, when three prayers were chaunted over it, as was done at every -place where they halted, and then the canopy was given up to the monks, -who bore it over the body, but in such wise that every one could -plainly see the figure on the coffin. - -After the interment, a serious quarrel arose between the master of the -horse and the monks of the abbey, respecting the pall that was under -the representation of the king, which the master of the horse claimed -as his fee; when at last the pall was deposited in the hands of the -count de Dunois and the chancellor of France,--when it was determined -by them, that the pall, which was of very magnificent cloth of gold and -crimson, should remain in the abbey of St Denis, it being declared on -behalf of the grand master, that whatever claim he might have to it he -gave up to the church of St Denis. - -The canopy, with the velvet, wax, and every thing else remained to the -church, without any dispute, excepting the velvet and white cross which -covered the car: these were carried away. - -The count de Dunois and the grand master visited all the chapels -wherein were interred any bodies of saints, and presented to each -velvet and satin sufficient to cover two altars from top to bottom. - -In the middle of the high mass, was a sermon preached by master Thomas -de Courcelles, doctor in divinity,--at which all the people bewailed -and prayed for the defunct, who was then styled, 'Charles, the Seventh -of the Name, most Victorious King of France.' - -When the body was let down into the vault, the heralds shouted, -'Long live king Louis! May God have mercy on the soul of Charles the -Victorious!' Then the ushers and sergeants broke their rods, and threw -them into the grave. - -The company, after this, went to dinner in the great hall of the abbey, -where was an open table for all comers. When dinner was ended, the -count de Dunois and de Longueville arose, and said with a loud voice, -that he and the other servants had lost their master, and that every -one must now provide for himself. This speech made every one sorrowful, -and not without cause, more especially the pages, who wept bitterly. - - - - -[A.D. 1462.] - -CHAP. XVIII. - - THE DISGRACEFUL DEATH OF JOHN COUSTAIN, MASTER OF THE WARDROBE TO DUKE - PHILIP OF BURGUNDY.--THE CAUSE OF IT.--THE DEATH OF HIS ACCUSER. - - -On Sunday, the feast of St James and St Christopher, in the month of -July, in the year 1462, John Coustain, master of the wardrobe to the -noble duke Philip of Burgundy, was arrested and carried prisoner to -Rupelmonde, for having intended to poison the count de Charolois,--with -which crime he was charged by a poor gentleman from Burgundy, called -John d'Juy. The said Coustain had bargained with him, for a large sum -of money, to go into Piedmont, and buy for him some poison, and had -told him the use he intended to make of it. - -When this John d'Juy was returned from Piedmont to Brussels with the -poison, he demanded payment as had been agreed on; but Coustain not -only refused to give him the money but abused him, in most coarse -language,--for this Coustain had not his equal in pride and wickedness. -John d'Juy, discontented at such treatment, made his complaints to -another gentleman of Burgundy, called Arquembart, and discovered to him -the plot. Arquembart, much alarmed, advised him to reveal the whole of -it to the count de Charolois, saying, that if he did not instantly do -so, he would go and tell it himself. - -John d'Juy, without further delay, waited on the count, and, casting -himself on his knees, humbly besought him to pardon the wickedness -he was about to reveal to him, and then told him the whole truth of -the intentions of John Coustain. The count was much astonished and -troubled, and, hastening to his father the duke, told him all he had -just heard, and demanded justice on John Coustain for his disloyalty -and treason. The duke said, he should have instant justice,--on which -the count returned to his apartments, and ordered John d'Juy to go and -surrender himself a prisoner at Rupelmonde, and wait for him there, as -he would speedily follow him. - -On the morrow, which was the feast of St James, as I have said, as -the duke was ordering the lord d'Auxi and Philip de Crevecoeur to -carry John Coustain prisoner to Rupelmonde, he was playing and amusing -himself in the duke's park: the duke called to him, and said that he -wished he would go to Rupelmonde, with the lord d'Auxi, to answer a -gentleman who had made heavy charges against his honour. Coustain -answered insolently, according to his custom, that he did not fear -any man on earth, and went to boot himself, and mount a fine horse, -attended by four others. In this state, he went to the hôtel of the -lord d'Auxi, whom he found mounted, together with Philip de Crevecoeur, -and fifteen or sixteen of the duke's archers. - -When Coustain saw so many archers, he began to fear the consequences: -nevertheless, they all rode together through the town of Brussels,--but -when they came into the open country, the lord d'Auxi made John -Coustain dismount from His war-horse, and mount a small hackney that -he rode, which alarmed Coustain more than before; and instantly the -lord d'Auxi put his hand on his shoulder, and declared him prisoner to -the duke, and then pushed forward, without any stopping, until they -came to Rupelmonde. They were scarcely arrived before the count de -Charolois came, and took possession of the tower in which John Coustain -was confined. - -Shortly after, Anthony bastard of Burgundy, the bishop of Tournay, the -lord de Croy, and the lord de Goux came thither. No one spoke to John -Coustain but the above, and in the hearing of the count de Charolois. -When they were assembled, John d'Juy was ordered before them, and -related, in the presence of John Coustain, how he had bargained with -him to purchase poisons, which he had brought to him,--after which, he -had refused to pay him the sum agreed on for so doing. To confirm what -he had said, he produced, not one, but many letters to this purpose, -written and signed by Coustain. - -Notwithstanding these proofs, Coustain denied the whole of the charge, -and loaded d'Juy with many reproaches. At length, however, without -being tortured, he acknowledged that all was true,--and added, that he -himself had been twice in Piedmont since Christmas in the year 1461, to -procure poisons, but without success. For that purpose, he had indeed -bargained with John d'Juy as he had said, but added, at first, that it -was not to poison the count de Charolois, but in order that the count -might have him in his good graces, and not deprive him of his place, -or of any thing appertaining to him, should the duke chance to die: at -last, he owned that the poisons were intended for the count, and that -he had proposed to give them at a banquet, which would take place about -the middle of August,--which poisons being taken, he would not live -longer than twelve months afterward. - -When John Coustain had made this confession, he was taken, on the -Friday following, to the highest tower of the castle to be beheaded; -and while there, he earnestly begged that he might say a few words in -private to the count, who, on being informed of it, consented,--and he -was some time in conversation with the prisoner alone. None of those -present heard what was said; but they saw the count cross himself at -almost every word Coustain told him, which caused it to be supposed -that he was accusing others in the hope of lessening his own crimes. He -entreated the count that his body might not be quartered, but buried -in consecrated ground. After this conversation, he was immediately -beheaded. - -John d'Juy was then called; and the count asked him whether, if -Coustain had kept his promise of payment, he would have informed -against him. On his replying, that he would not, the count ordered him -to be beheaded also. - -The fortune of the said Coustain, amounting to more than three hundred -thousand francs in the whole, was declared confiscated to the duke; -but he, out of his noble and benign nature, gave them back again to -the widow and her children. It was afterward commonly reported, that -this Coustain had poisoned the good lady of Ravenstein, because she had -blamed his wife for her pomp and extravagance, which was equal to that -of a princess. - - - - -CHAP. XIX. - - THE DUKE OF BURGUNDY CAUSES A NUMBER OF ROGUES AND VAGABONDS TO BE - EXECUTED IN HIS COUNTRY OF ARTOIS.--THE DEATH OF THE ABBOT OF ST VAAST - AT ARRAS.--OTHER EVENTS.--TAUNTING REPLIES MADE BY THE LORD DE CHIMAY - TO THE KING OF FRANCE. - - -The duke of Burgundy was at length informed of the mischiefs that were -doing in his country of Artois by the dependants of different lords, -whom the bailiffs, and other officers of the duke, were afraid to -arrest or punish, lest they should be ill treated themselves. - -In consequence of this, the bailiffs of Amiens, of the Cambresis, -and of Orchies, entered the town of Arras as secretly as they could, -by two and three at a time, having with them about fifty horse of -the body-guard of the count d'Estampes, governor of Picardy, and -took possession of different inns. They showed their orders from -the duke, which commanded them to arrest and execute all those who -had acted so criminally, to whatever lord they might belong, even -were they dependants of those of his blood. It is, therefore, to be -believed, that had the good prince earlier received information of -their wickedness, he would sooner have provided a remedy; but he was -surrounded by some who wished not that the truth should come to his -ears. - -When the above-mentioned bailiffs were come to Arras, they sallied out -in the night to the places where they expected to meet these rogues; -some they arrested, but many fled and hid themselves. They then -advanced into the country, and laid hands on several of bad fame, whom -they hanged on the trees by the road side, and this time performed a -good exploit. - -On the 15th day of September, in this year, died the abbot John du -Clerc, abbot of St Vaast in Arras, whose death was much bewailed by the -poor; for he was exceedingly charitable, and had governed the abbey -for thirty-four years more ably than any abbot had done for the two -hundred preceding years, as was apparent from the church and different -buildings which he had ornamented and restored in many parts, having, -on his election, found them in ruins. Among many good deeds, he did one -worthy of perpetual remembrance, namely, when corn was so dear, in the -year 1438, that wheat sold for ten francs the septier, or five francs -the mencault of Arras, which prevented the poor from buying any, he -opened the granaries of his abbey, that were full of corn, and ordered -it to be sold to the poor only, at twenty-eight sols the mencault, and -but two bushels to be delivered to any person at a time,--so that, if -the famine should continue, his corn might last longer. He built the -entrance-gate to the abbey, and the nave of the church, and managed the -revenues of his abbey better than any abbot had done, and added greatly -to them. When he died, he was eighty-six years old. May God pardon and -show mercy to his soul! - -About this period, the lord de Chimay returned from France, whither he -had been sent by the duke of Burgundy, respecting some differences that -had arisen between him and the king of France. The most important was, -as it was said, that the king granted to have it proclaimed through -the territories of the duke that no one should afford aid or support, -in any way whatever, to king Edward of England, which the duke would -not allow to be done, considering that not only a truce existed between -him and king Edward but that he was favourably inclined towards him. -King Louis wanted also to introduce the gabelle, or salt duty, into -Burgundy, which had not been done for a very long time,--and this the -duke likewise refused to permit to be done. - -For these and other matters, the lord de Chimay had been sent to -remonstrate with the king, and to entreat that, out of his love to him, -he would desist from pursuing them further; but the lord de Chimay was -long before he could obtain an audience, and would perhaps have waited -longer, but one day he stood at the king's closet door until he came -out. On seeing the lord de Chimay, he said to him, 'What kind of a man -is this duke of Burgundy? is he of a different stamp from the other -princes and lords of my realm?' 'Yes, sire,' replied the lord de Chimay -(who was of a bold and courageous character), 'the duke of Burgundy is -indeed of another sort of metal than the other princes of your realm, -or of the adjoining realms; for he received and supported you against -the will of king Charles, your father, whose soul may God pardon! and -contrary to the will of others, whom this his conduct displeased,--and -he did that which no other prince would have dared to do!' - -On hearing these words, the king was silent, and, without making any -reply, entered again into his closet. Some said, that the count de -Dunois then approached the lord of Chimay, and asked how he dared thus -speak to the king: when he answered, 'If I had been fifty leagues off, -and had supposed that the king would have said to me what he has done -respecting my lord and master, I would have instantly returned to make -him the answer I did.' He then set out for Brussels, to make his report -to the duke of Burgundy. - - - - -CHAP. XX. - - THE DUCHESS OF BOURBON COMES TO RESIDE WITH HER BROTHER THE DUKE - OF BURGUNDY.--THE KING OF FRANCE GRANTS SUCCOURS TO THE QUEEN OF - ENGLAND.--OTHER EVENTS THAT HAPPENED IN DIVERS PARTS. - - -At this time, the widowed duchess of Bourbon came to visit the noble -duke of Burgundy, accompanied by three or four of her sons and two of -her daughters,--for she had had by her late husband six boys and five -girls. The eldest son, John, succeeded his father in the dukedom; the -second was married to a daughter of the king of Cyprus, but died of -leprosy before he went thither; the third, Charles, was archbishop of -Lyons, on the Rhône, and abbot of St Vaast at Arras; the fourth, named -Louis, was bishop of Liege; the fifth was lord of Beaujeu, and married -to a daughter of the duke of Orleans; the sixth, James, died when young. - -Of the daughters, one was married to the duke of Calabria, by whom -she had a fair son, but died shortly after: the second married her -cousin-german, the count de Charolois, and had only a daughter, -when the good lady died: the third espoused the duke of Gueldres, -nephew to the duke of Burgundy: another was afterward married to the -lord d'Arquel,--and another was then to be married; for the duke -of Burgundy, their uncle, had always very earnestly promoted the -advancement of his friends and relatives. - -About this period, the king of France sent two thousand combatants to -England, to the aid of queen Margaret, under the command of the lord de -Varennes, high seneschal of Normandy, who, under the late king's reign, -had governed every thing, and it was reported that king Louis had given -him this command for the chance of his being slain: nevertheless, he -bore himself well, and conquered several places, in the expectation of -being joined by the duke of Somerset, who had promised to come to him -with a large body of Scots and others; but he failed,--for he had found -means to make his peace with king Edward, who had restored to him his -estates and honours. - -The French were now besieged in the places they had won by the earl -of Warwick, and were glad to return to France with their lives -spared.--All were not so fortunate, for many were slain or captured in -the different skirmishes that had passed between them.[25] - -The duke of Burgundy now sent one hundred men at arms and four hundred -archers to the aid of the bishop of Mentz, who was engaged in a -destructive warfare with one of the princes of Germany, insomuch that -the extent of three or four days journey of the flat country was burnt -and totally ruined. - -On the 21st day of November, in this year, was an eclipse of the sun; -and shortly after there were tiltings and other entertainments at -Brussels, in honour of the arrival of the duchess of Bourbon, and of -her children, whom she had brought with her. To these feasts the duke -of Burgundy came with great pomp, and most superbly dressed. - -About the same time, the count de Charolois had three men and an -apothecary imprisoned at Brussels,--which three men had caused the -apothecary to make three images of wax, of the form of men and women; -three of each for some sort of sorcery, and even, as it was said, -touching the said count de Charolois. This was found out from the -apothecary telling some of the count's servants what he had made, and -that those who had ordered them would do wonders with them; that they -would make these images talk and walk, which would be miraculous: in -short, so much was said, that it came at length to the ears of the -count, who ordered the three men to be arrested, who belonged to the -count d'Estampes. The apothecary was also arrested, but soon set at -liberty, because he was ignorant for what purposes these images had -been made. A gentleman of the household of the count d'Estampes -fled, but was retaken, and carried prisoner to Quesnoy-le-Comte in -Hainault: his name was Charles de Noyers. It was rumoured, that these -four persons had been closely interrogated, and had confessed wonderful -things; but they were kept so secret that few knew what to say about -them. The prisoners, however, remained very long in confinement. - -FOOTNOTES: - -[Footnote 25: Henry says, that the French fleet appeared off Tinmouth; -that many of their ships were driven on shore near Bamborough in a -storm; that the French took shelter in Holy Island, where they were -attacked and beaten by a superior force; that sir Pierre de Brézé, -their commander, and the rest, saved themselves in Berwick.--_Hist. of -England_, A.D. 1461.] - - - - -[A.D. 1463.] - -CHAP. XXI. - - OF THE MANY DIFFERENT EVENTS THAT HAPPENED DURING THE COURSE OF THE - ABOVE YEAR.--OF THE HARD FORTUNE OF MARGARET QUEEN OF ENGLAND. - - -On the 19th of April, this year, after Easter, died master Robert le -Jeune, governor of Arras, aged ninety-two years. He began life as -an advocate at Amiens, and was afterward retained of the counsel of -king Henry V. of England, who made him a knight, and gave him great -riches. After the death of king Henry, the duke of Burgundy made him -bailiff of Amiens, in which office, he governed so partially, towards -the duke and the English, that he put to death, by hanging, drowning, -or beheading, upwards of nineteen hundred persons,--and many more of -the French party, called Armagnacs, than of the other,--for which the -populace of Amiens so much detested him that he dared not longer abide -there, but went to Arras, of which place the duke of Burgundy made him -governor! In whatever place he resided, he managed so well for his own -interest that his two sons became great and rich lords. One of them -was bishop of Amiens, and afterward bishop and cardinal of Therouenne, -the richest of all the cardinals, but he died when only forty years -old,--and it was said that his death was hastened by poison. The other -son was a knight at arms, and a considerable landholder, who had the -greater share of the government of the duchess of Burgundy's household, -and afterward of that of her son the count de Charolois. The daughter -of sir Robert le Jeune was nobly and richly married. - -The 6th day of July, the duke of Burgundy came from Bruges to Lille, -where he had not been since his severe illness the preceding year. The -townsmen received him with greater honours than at any former time; for -a procession of upwards of four hundred of them went out of the town -to meet him, with lighted torches in their hands, not to mention the -principal burghers who went out in numbers. The streets were all hung, -and illuminated so brilliantly that it appeared like noon-day, and many -pageants and mysteries were exhibited, although it was late, and the -night very dark. In this state was the duke escorted to his hôtel. - -Duke Philip, ever anxious to fulfil the vow which he had made in the -town of Lille, in the year 1454, to attack the grand Turk, and drive -him back to his own territories beyond the Straits of St George, would -most cheerfully have gone thither in person, had he not feared that, -during his absence, the king of France would attack and perhaps conquer -his country. For this reason, therefore, he sent a notable embassy to -pope Pius, the principal of which were the bishop of Tournay, the lord -de Montigny, and the lord de Forestel, knights, to learn the will of -the pope respecting his vow, which, as has been said, he was unable to -accomplish, making offer, in lieu thereof, to send six thousand good -combatants at his own costs and charges against the Turk, in any way -the pope might be pleased to order. - -I must mention here a singular adventure which befel the queen of -England. She in company with the lord de Varennes and her son, having -lost their way in a forest of Hainault, were met by some banditti, -who robbed them of all they had. It is probable the banditti would -have murdered them, had they not quarrelled about the division of the -spoil, insomuch that from words they came to blows; and, while they -were fighting, she caught her son in her arms and fled to the thickest -part of the forest, where, weary with fatigue, she was forced to stop. -At this moment, she met another robber, to whom she instantly gave her -son, and said,--'Take him, friend, and save the son of a king.' - -The robber received him willingly, and conducted them in safety toward -the seashore, where they arrived at Sluys, and thence the queen and her -son went to Bruges, where they were received most honourably. During -this time, king Henry, her husband, had retired into the strongest -parts of Wales. - -The queen left prince Edward at Bruges, and went to the count de -Charolois at Lille, who feasted her grandly, whence she set out for -Bethune, to hold a conference with the duke of Burgundy. The duke, -hearing that large reinforcements of English were landed at Calais, -sent a body of his archers to escort her from Bethune to St Pol, -where he went to meet her, notwithstanding he knew well that she had -never loved him; but, according to his noble nature, he received her -with much honour, and made her rich presents. Some said, that he gave -her two thousand crowns of gold, and to the lord de Varennes one -thousand, and to each of the ladies that attended on the queen one -hundred crowns: he had her also escorted to the country of Bai, which -appertained to her brother the duke of Calabria. The queen repented -much, and thought herself unfortunate, that she had not sooner thrown -herself on the protection of the noble duke of Burgundy, as her affairs -would probably have prospered better! - - - - -CHAP. XXII. - - THE KING OF FRANCE GIVES THE COUNTY OF GUISNES TO THE LORD DE - CROY.--THE COUNT D'ESTAMPES QUITS HIS ATTACHMENT TO THE HOUSE OF - BURGUNDY.--OTHER EVENTS. - - -During this year of 1463, king Louis of France made a progress through -his kingdom, to examine into the state of it. On his return to Paris, -he caused proclamation to be made, by sound of trumpet, that he had -given to the lord de Croy the county and lordship of Guisnes, having, -before this, made him grand master of his household. The lord de Croy -had, at this time, left the house of Burgundy, and resided with the -king, which seemed to many very strange,--for the lord de Croy had -been brought up and educated by the duke and his family, and had -been better provided for than any others, being first chamberlain and -principal minister to the duke, and had acquired by his services from -forty to fifty thousand francs of landed rent, besides the advancement -of all his friends, so that there was no one like to him in that whole -country. If he had been in the good graces of the duke, he enjoyed the -same favour with the king, who refused him nothing that he asked for -himself or his friends. The common report was, that he was so much -beloved by the king because he had drawn up the plan for the repurchase -of the lands and towns on the Somme, from the duke of Burgundy, for -four hundred and fifty thousand crowns, and because he had induced the -duke to accede to this bargain,--for he listened to him in council more -than to any others. The lord de Croy having made some stay at the court -of France, returned to that of Burgundy, and exercised his charges the -same as before. - -During the king's progress through Guienne and the Bordelois, he made -up the quarrel between the king of Spain and the count de Foix, which -had risen to a great height, although they had married two sisters, -daughters to the king of Navarre. - -At this time, John of Burgundy count d'Estampes, quitted the house of -Burgundy, and attached himself to the king of France,--to which he was -instigated, according to report, by his being in disgrace with the -duke, and still more with the count de Charolois, on account of those -waxen images before mentioned; for it was said the count de Charolois -was suspicious of being in his company, for fear of sorcery,--and he -now kept the count de St Pol constantly with him, and gave him the -principal management of himself and his household. Some said, that -this was the reason why the count d'Estampes and the lord de Croy had -quitted the noble house of Burgundy,--for it was well known that the -count de St Pol loved neither of them. - -About this time, the queen of France, Isabella of Savoy, came to -the king at Senlis, with but few attendants; for the king was then -as saving as possible, in order to amass a sufficient sum for the -repayment of the money for which the towns on the Somme had been -pledged. His expenses were chiefly for his amusements of hunting and -hawking, of which he was immoderately fond,--and he was liberal enough -to huntsmen and falconers, but to none others. He was very careless in -his dress, and was generally clothed meanly, in second-priced cloth and -fustian pourpoints, much unbecoming a person of his rank,--and he was -pleased that all who came to him on business should be plainly dressed. -He did not diminish any of the taxes, but, on the contrary, added to -them, which greatly oppressed his people. - -On the 6th of September, the parliament pronounced sentence on sir -Anthony de Chabannes lord de Dammartin, who, after the death of king -Charles, had fled for fear of his successor; but a year afterward he -had sought the king's mercy, and put himself into his hands. The king -sent him prisoner to the Conciergerie of the palace, and ordered the -parliament to bring him to trial; which being done, he was convicted -of high treason against king Louis, and sentenced to death, and his -effects confiscated to the crown. - -The king, nevertheless, granted him a pardon, on condition that he -would transport himself to the island of Rhodes, and remain there for -his life; but he was to give security for the performing of this, which -not being able to do, he was confined in the bastile of St Anthony. - -At this time, king Louis, from his will and pleasure, ordered all nets -and engines, to take and destroy the game, to be burnt throughout the -Isle of France. No one was spared, whether of noble or peasant, except -in some warrens that belonged to the princes. It was said that he did -this that no one might hawk or hunt but himself, and that there might -be a greater plenty of game,--for his whole delight was in hunting and -hawking. - - - - -CHAP. XXIII. - - THE KING OF FRANCE REPURCHASES THE TOWNS AND LANDS ON THE RIVER SOMME - THAT HAD BEEN PLEDGED TO THE DUKE OF BURGUNDY.--HE MEETS THE DUKE AT - HÊDIN.--OTHER MATTERS. - - -The king of France, having determined to repurchase the towns on the -Somme from the duke of Burgundy, made such diligence that he collected -a sufficiency of cash; for there was not an abbey or canonry, or any -rich merchant in France, who did not lend or give him some sums of -money. When he had amassed the amount, he sent it as far as Abbeville -to the duke, who had it transported thence to Hêdin, where he then -resided. - -Shortly after, the king came to Hêdin,--and the duke went out to meet -him, received him most honourably, as he well knew how to do, and -lodged him in his own proper apartments in his castle. The king then -promised the duke, that he would punctually fulfil all the articles of -the treaty of Arras, which promise he did not so punctually perform. - -While the king and the duke were at the castle of Hêdin, a grand -embassy arrived there from England,--the chief of which was a -bishop[26], brother to the earl of Warwick, and from three to four -hundred horsemen handsomely dressed and equipped. - -Before they departed from Hêdin, the duke had sent repeated messages to -his son, the count de Charolois, then in Holland, for him to come and -pay his respects to the king,--but he refused, saying, that so long as -the count d'Estampes and the lord de Croy were with the king (as they -then were), he would never appear before him. He knew in what great -favour they were with the king; and it was currently reported, that it -had been through the counsels of the lord de Croy that the duke had -consented to the reimbursement for the towns on the Somme, which was -contrary to the will of the count de Charolois, and very prejudicial to -his future interests. - -It was also said, that the king, during his residence at the castle -of Hêdin, had well considered its situation and strength, as the key -of the county of Artois, and had demanded it from the duke, offering, -in exchange, the towns of Tournay and Mortagne[27], with some other -places; but the duke would not listen to it, thinking such offers were -made more to his hurt than otherwise. - -When the king departed from Hêdin, on the 19th of October, the duke -attended him to a considerable distance; and it was said, that the -duke, on quitting him, made several requests, and, among others, -entreated that he would not turn out his officers from the places to -which he had appointed them, in the several towns that were now become -the king's,--all of which the king granted, but did not fulfil; for -he instantly removed some of the officers in Abbeville, and made the -inhabitants and gentlemen in the neighbourhood renew their oaths to -him, although many of them had served the duke of Burgundy from their -youth; but the king made them swear to serve him against all other men -whatever. - -He deprived the lord de Saveuses of his government of the cities and -towns of Amiens, Arras, and Dourlens, and gave it to the lord de -Launoy, nephew to the lord de Croy, who was then governor, for the duke -of Burgundy, of Lille, Douay, and Orchies. The king also gave him the -government of Mortagne, dismissing from it the lord de Hautbourdin, -bastard de St Pol, and made him bailiff of Amiens, instead of the lord -de Crevecoeur. In addition to all these places, the king settled on -him a yearly pension of two thousand livres. All these favours heaped -on the lord de Launoy astonished every one; for he had commenced his -career of fortune under the house of Burgundy, and had never done any -services to king Louis of France. - -FOOTNOTES: - -[Footnote 26: A bishop. George Neville, bishop of Exeter, and -afterwards archbishop of York.] - -[Footnote 27: Mortagne,--in Flanders, on the conflux of the Scarpe and -Scheld, three leagues from Tournay.] - - - - -CHAP. XXIV. - - THE DEATH OF THE DOWAGER QUEEN OF FRANCE.--THE KING SUMMONS THE - COUNT DE SAINT POL AND THE LORD DE GENLY TO APPEAR PERSONALLY BEFORE - HIM.--THE MARRIAGE OF THE SON OF THE DUKE OF GUELDRES.--THE ABOLITION - OF THE PRAGMATIC SANCTION. - - -About this time, the lady Mary of Anjou, queen of France, mother to -king Louis now on the throne, departed this life. She was renowned -for being a very good and devout lady, very charitable, and full of -patience. - -The king of France had now summoned the count de St. Pol and the lord -de Genly to appear in person before him, on the 15th day of November -ensuing, wherever he might then be. The reason of this was currently -said to be the different journies the lord de Genly had been remarked -to make to the duke of Brittany, to conclude certain treaties between -that duke and the count de Charolois, to oppose the king of France -should he attempt hostilities against them; for they were in his ill -favour, as was apparent from the duke of Brittany having all his places -fortified, and his army ready prepared to resist an invasion of his -country. - -It was likewise said, that the duke of Bourbon and some other princes -of France were in alliance with them against the king, on account of -the strange manner in which he had treated them. - -On the 15th of October, a blaze of light was seen in the heavens,--and -it seemed that the clouds opened to show this blaze, for the space of -time in which an Ave-Maria could be repeated, and then closed again: it -ended with a long flaming tail before it vanished. - -The bishop of Tournay returned, at this period, from the embassy -on which the duke of Burgundy had sent him to pope Pius at Rome. -He reported to the duke, that the pontiff depended on having forty -thousand combatants to march against the Turk, which he would lead in -person, and put on the cross against the infidels, in case the duke -would accompany him with six thousand fighting men, and act under him -as his general. - -The duke was much rejoiced at this intelligence, and dispatched his -letters to all those who had made the vow of going to Turkey, and to -all his knights and vassals, to prepare themselves, and assemble at -Bruges on the ensuing 15th day of December. On their arrival at Bruges, -he had them informed, that it was his intention to march in person -against the Turks and infidels, and to be at Aiquesmortes about the -middle of next May to embark for the east,--but that he would assemble -them again before his departure, to inform them in what manner he -should settle the government of his country during his absence on this -expedition. - -On the 18th of December in this year, the marriage of the eldest son -of the duke of Gueldres with a princess of Bourbon, sister to the -countess of Charolois, was celebrated in the city of Bruges. They were -both equally related to the duke of Burgundy: the bridegroom was the -son of a daughter of the duke's sister, the duchess of Cleves, who had -deceased about two months before,--and the bride a daughter of his -sister, the duchess of Bourbon. - -Many lords of the court tilted after the wedding dinner,--among whom -the lord de Renty tilted with a young esquire of Picardy, called John, -only son to David de Fremessent, who met with a sad misfortune, for he -was hit by a splinter of a lance so severely on the head that he died. - -On the same day, two other men lost their lives, from the great -crowding at this tournament, which must be attributed to their own -folly in not taking more care. - -About this period, Godfrey, bishop of Alby and cardinal of Arras, -waited on the king of France, whom, some little time before, it was -said the king did not love: nevertheless, he now received him most -handsomely. It was he who, a short time prior to this, had persuaded -the king to abolish the pragmatic sanction, which had been established -in France by the council of Basil. In return for this, the cardinal -had promised the king certain things,--which, however, he failed to -perform, and it is not known how he pacified the king. He had promised -that the pope should send a legate to France to dispose of the -benefices when vacant; that the money for fees should not be sent to -Rome, nor carried out of the kingdom; but when the pope had gotten -possession of the act for the abolition of the pragmatic sanction, he -never thought more of sending a legate to France. The pope had this act -of abolition dragged through the streets of Rome, to please the Romans, -and published every where, that the Pragmatic was done away. - -The report was, that the bishop of Alby had the red hat given him, -and had been created cardinal for the pains he had taken to procure -this abolition of the pragmatic sanction, which, in truth, was very -detrimental to poor clerks and scholars; for it gave rise to numberless -questions and examinations before any benefice could be obtained,--and -the rich gained benefices from their being able to support the expenses -of the suits, which the poorer clerks lost, whatever nominations they -might have obtained. - - - - -CHAP. XXV. - - A COOLNESS TAKES PLACE BETWEEN THE DUKE OF BURGUNDY AND HIS SON THE - COUNT DE CHAROLOIS.--THE COUNT MAKES HEAVY COMPLAINTS AGAINST THE LORD - DE CROY TO THE DEPUTIES OF THE THREE ESTATES ASSEMBLED BY THE DUKE HIS - FATHER. - - -The duke of Burgundy now resided at Bruges, and summoned the three -estates of his country to assemble there, in his presence, on the 9th -day of January. The count de Charolois was at this time in disgrace -with his father, and he summoned the estates to meet him at Antwerp, -on the 3d of the same month, to lay before them the reasons of his -father's anger, that they might employ their means to bring about a -reconciliation. But the duke, hearing of this, forbade any of the -members of the estates to go near his son: however, some were already -gone to him,--but others, who were on their road to Antwerp, did not go -thither. - -On the 9th day of January, there was a grand assembly of the estates at -Bruges, consisting of three bishops, sixty abbots, a great number of -nobles, and deputies from all the principal towns. When they appeared -before the duke, he returned them his thanks for their diligence and -obedience, by the mouth of the bishop of Tournay, adding, that he had -received such intelligence concerning his son, that he was too much -troubled to say more to them at that time. The duke, nevertheless, -could not help telling them, that he was angered against his son, -because he suffered himself to be governed by persons whom the duke -did not approve of, and because he would not obey his will. He then -gave a paper to one of his secretaries, ordering him to read it to the -assembly, saying, that it was what his son had written to him, and it -was proper they all should hear it. - -The paper contained in substance, that the count de Charolois was in -the utmost sorrow that his lord and father was angered against him, and -entreated that he would no longer be displeased that he had not come -when he had sent for him, and would hold him excused for disobeying his -orders; for he could not appear before him so long as he was surrounded -by those whom he suspected of intending to poison him, and who were -daily seeking his death, of which he had received certain knowledge. - -The count thought that the anger of his father had its origin in three -things: first, because the count did not love the lord de Croy, for -reasons which he had before declared to the duke his father, in the -presence of the said lord de Croy; and that he had now less cause to -love him than before, for through him and his friends he had procured -that the king of France should regain the country and towns that had -been mortgaged on the Somme, to the great prejudice of himself and his -heirs after him,--which, besides, ought not to have been done, as the -king had not fulfilled various articles of the treaty of Arras. - -The second reason might, perhaps, be his having retained in his -household the archdeacon of Avalon[28], after he had left the service -of the count d'Estampes, which ought not to have troubled his father -if he were acquainted with the cause, which he was ready to tell him -whenever he should be pleased to hear it. - -The third was, as the count imagined, because when the duke's archers -had been sent into Holland to seek master Anthony Michel, he had him -rescued out of their hands, but without the knowledge of the said -count, who, if he knew where the said master Anthony was, would send -him a prisoner to the duke. - -The three estates having listened to the above, the duke gave -them permission to retire home until he should summon them again, -which would be very shortly after. The greater part returned home; -but several remained in Bruges to attempt the bringing about a -reconciliation between the father and the son,--and in this number was -a very noble clerk, who was exceedingly anxious to succeed in it, the -abbot of Citeaux[29]. - -On the re-assembling of the estates at - -Bruges, the count de Charolois came to Ghent, and was, soon after, -waited on by a deputation from them, with the bishop of Tournay and -other counsellors of the duke. The abbot of Citeaux addressed him as -the spokesman of the deputation, and having quoted many texts from the -Scriptures to prove the obedience a son owes a father, supplicated him -to submit in all humility to his father's will, and to dismiss certain -persons from his service, the better to please him. When the abbot had -ceased speaking, the bishop of Tournay cast himself on his knees before -the count, and eloquently pressed him to comply with the proposals of -the abbot,--saying, that he was not come to him as the servant of his -father, but as bishop of Tournay, to bring about a reconciliation, -if possible, and to prevent the many and grievous evils that might -arise from their discord. The count here interrupted him, and said, -that if he had not been the servant of the lord his father, he would -never have risen to his present rank. Then turning to the deputies, he -told them, that in their propositions they had only touched on master -Anthony Michel, but now they were changing their ground; and he did -not believe that the abbot de Citeaux had been commissioned by them -to make him such requests. But the deputies avowed what the abbot had -said, declaring he had been so charged by them, and that in obedience -to his pleasure they were thus come to the town of Ghent. The count -then pulled off his cap, bowed to them, and said, he was very happy -they were come, and thanked them, as his most faithful friends, for the -pain, trouble, and affection they had thus shown him, which he should -never forget, but would loudly acknowledge it in all the countries -whence the deputies were come. - -In return for the warm affection they had shown him, he would not -conceal his mind from them, but truly inform them of all the crimes and -artifices that had been committed and practised by the lord de Croy -and his adherents. In the first place, he said, that when he was last -with the lord his father (the countess of Charolois, his lady, being -then very ill), the lord de Croy had said, that if he were not afraid -of vexing her, he would make him his prisoner, and place him in such -security that he should be disabled from doing him or any one else -mischief. - -Item, the lord de Croy had told a worthy gentleman of the name of Pius, -that he cared not for him (the count de Charolois), for that he had -nine hundred knights and esquires, who had sworn to serve him until -death. - -Item, the lord de Croy had said publicly, on seeing the count return to -court, 'Here is this great devil coming! so long as he lives, we shall -not succeed at court.' - -Item, the lord de Croy had declared, on his (the count's) retreat to -Holland, that he was much afraid of him,--but that, when he should be -inclined to hurt him, he would not be safer in Holland than elsewhere, -for that he was like a gaufre between two irons. - -Item, the lord de Croy had boasted, that, should a struggle arise -between him and the count, he was sure of being assisted by all in -Artois, as the whole country was at his command,--adding, 'What does -my lord de Charolois mean to do? Whence does he expect aid? Does he -expect it from the Flemings, or the Brabanters? if he does, he will -find himself mistaken,--for they will abandon him, as they have before -abandoned their lord.' 'This I do not believe,' said the count, 'for I -consider them as my true and loyal friends,--nor have I the least doubt -of the affections of those in Artois and Picardy.' - -Item, that the lord de Croy had sent to the provost of Watten[30] the -horoscope of his nativity, and that the provost, on examination, had -given it as his opinion, that the person to whom it belonged would be -miserably unfortunate, and that the greatest misfortunes would befal -him,--all of which he had related to the duke, his father, to incense -him more against him. - -Item, he had also desired the provost of Watten to manage so that the -duke his father might always hate him, and keep at a distance from his -person. - -Item, that he had sufficient evidence that the lord de Croy sought -his death by sorcery and other wicked means; that he had caused to be -made six images--three in the form of men, and three in the form of -women--on which were written the name of the devil called Belial, and -the name of him whom they were pointed at, with some other names: these -images were to serve three purposes; first, to obtain favour from him -to whom the image was addressed; secondly, to cause him to be hated -by whomsoever they should please; and thirdly, to keep the person -addressed in a languishing state of health so long as they chose: that -these images had been baptised by a bishop, prior of Morocq[31] in -Burgundy; and that the makers of these images had been two or three -servants of the count d'Estampes,--one of whom was his physician, whom -the count d'Estampes had sent prisoner to him, as his justification, -and to exculpate himself. Then the count concluded by saying to the -deputies, 'My friends, do not think that I have any distrust of you, -if I name not all the accomplices of those who have sought my death: -I abstain from doing so merely to save their honours, and from the -horror you would feel were I to name them. I again thank you for -your diligent affection, and beg that you would consult together and -advise me how to act; for I am sure you would be displeased, should -any misfortune happen unto me by my throwing myself into the hands of -my enemies. By them I will not be governed, but by good and faithful -servants. I entreat, therefore, that you will deliberate maturely on -what I have said, for I will not depart hence until I shall have had -your answer. May God grant that it may be as satisfactory as I have -confidence in you!' - -FOOTNOTES: - -[Footnote 28: Avalon,--a town in Burgundy, 11 leagues from Auxerre.] - -[Footnote 29: Citeaux,--an abbey in the diocese of Châlous-sur-Saone, -near Nuits.] - -[Footnote 30: Watten,--a town in Flanders, near St Omer.] - -[Footnote 31: Morocq. Q.] - - - - -CHAP. XXVI. - - THE ANSWER OF THE DEPUTIES OF THE ESTATES OF FLANDERS TO THE COUNT - DE CHAROLOIS.--PEACE RESTORED BETWEEN HIM AND HIS FATHER THE DUKE OF - BURGUNDY.--THE KING OF FRANCE COMES TO ARRAS AND TO TOURNAY. - - -When the count de Charolois had thus spoken to the deputies from the -three estates, they retired together into a chamber apart, and there -concluded on the answer they should make him. They then returned to -his presence, and cast themselves on their knees, but he made them -instantly arise; and the abbot de Citeaux spoke for the rest, and -said, that they had fully considered all he had stated to them, and -were unanimously of opinion to request him most humbly to regain the -good graces and favour of his lord and father, by returning instantly -to him, to avoid the evils that would ensue upon their discords. With -regard to those he thought his enemies, God had hitherto preserved him -from their snares, and would still do so, in consequence of the earnest -prayers that all his future subjects would offer up to him for the -purpose; and that when his father should see him return, his joy would -be so great that he would sufficiently guard him against them. They -entreated that, at this time, he would leave certain of his attendants -behind, without formally dismissing them, which they thought would -be an effectual method of regaining his father's good opinion: they -offered, likewise, to exert their utmost power to obtain this desirable -end. - -The count, in reply, thanked them all, and said, that from love to -God, to my lord his father, and themselves, he would comply with their -request, and follow their advice,--desiring them, at the same time, to -accompany him when he presented himself to his father, and that they -would entreat him to restore his servants to his favour. This they -willingly promised. - -On the Monday following, the count de Charolois, accompanied by a great -number of knights, esquires, and these deputies, set out from Ghent for -Bruges,--and the principal persons of the duke's household, together -with the magistracy of the town, and burghers, came out to meet him. -He dismounted at the palace of the duke, and advanced to the presence -chamber, where, on seeing the duke, he made three genuflections, and, -at the third, said, 'My most redoubted lord and father, I have been -told that you are displeased with me for three things, (and then stated -these as he had done to the deputies, and made similar excuses): -however, if in any of these things I have vexed or angered you, I crave -your pardon.' - -The duke answered, 'Of all your excuses, I know full well the grounds: -say no more on the subject; but, since you are come to seek our mercy, -be a good son, and I will be a good father:' he then took him by the -hand, and granted him his full pardon. The deputies now retired, -greatly rejoiced at the reconciliation that had taken place; and the -duke then dismissed them, with orders to re-assemble on the 8th of the -ensuing March. - -On the day of this reconciliation, the lord de Croy set out very early -in the morning from Bruges for Tournay, where king Louis of France then -resided. - -In this and the following year, corn and all other grain were so cheap -in the country of Artois that the oldest persons never remembered them -at such low prices. - -On the 24th of January, king Louis of France came to the city of -Arras[32], where he was most honourably received by the clergy and -inhabitants. He dismounted at the gate, and walked on foot to the -church of our Lady, where he paid his devotions, and then took up -his lodgings at the house of the official, which was a good but small -house,--and refused to go to the bishop's palace, although large and -convenient; but it was the king's custom to prefer small lodgings to -greater. - -There were with the king his brother the duke of Berry, the count of -Eu, the prince of Piedmont, and some few other nobles. He would not -permit any of them to lodge in the town, because the inhabitants would -not suffer his harbingers to mark any lodgings until all the inns -were filled,--and these inns could hold from four to five thousand -horse,--which behaviour was displeasing to the king; and he remained -in the city from the Monday to Saturday, without entering the town of -Arras until he had seen and had examined the privileges of this town of -Arras. - -When he entered the town on the Saturday, he found at the gate great -numbers of people who had been banished thence, who requested that -he would restore them to their rights, on his joyous arrival; but he -replied,--'Children, you require from me a grace that is not usual -for the kings of France to grant, and therefore do not depend on my -doing it; for I will not invade the privileges of our fair uncle of -Burgundy.' This was all they could obtain from him. He proceeded to -hear high mass at the church of St Vaast, which being over, he returned -to dinner in the city. - -On the next day, Sunday, the king of France again visited the town of -Arras, and examined, at his leisure, the abbey of St Vaast and all its -buildings. He thence went to the market-place; and as he was returning -by the church of St Guy, where the white bell and the town-clock were, -a locksmith, who had the care of this bell, made it sound on the king's -approach, and descended from the steeple in armour, when he seized the -king's horse, like a clown as he was, and demanded money to drink. The -king, seeing an armed man thus seize his horse, was somewhat startled -at first: nevertheless, he ordered money to be given him, and forgave -his misbehaviour to him. Had not the king pardoned him, he would, -probably, have paid the forfeit of his life for his folly. - -While this man was descending from the steeple, some children striking -the bell too hardly broke it, which was a great loss to the town,--for -it was the largest and handsomest bell that could be seen: it weighed -from seventeen to eighteen thousand pounds of metal! - -The king went into the plain to see the spot where the king his -grandfather was encamped, when he besieged Arras, in the year 1414. -Thence he returned to the city; and on the morrow departed suddenly, -according to his custom, and was followed by his attendants to Tournay, -where he was most honourably received,--for upward of three thousand -men came out to meet him dressed in white, with a border of flowers de -luce round their robes. - -At the gate was a model, in paper, of a castle, similar to the -fortifications of Tournay, which was presented to the king with the -keys of the town. From the top of the gate, a virgin (the handsomest -girl in the town) descended by machinery, and after saluting the king, -threw aside the robe from her breast, and displayed a well-made -heart, which burst open, and there came out a golden flower de luce, -of great value, which she gave to the king, in the name of the town, -saying, 'Sire, I am a virgin, and so is this town,--for it has never -been taken, nor has it ever turned from its allegiance to the kings of -France,--for all the inhabitants thereof have a flower de luce in their -hearts.' - -The king saw many pageants and histories represented in the streets he -passed through,--and he took his lodgings at the house of a canon. From -Tournay he went to Lille, where he arrived the 18th of February, then -the fourth day of Lent. - -The duke of Burgundy came to Lille on the eve of the first Sunday in -Lent, to wait on the king,--and from that day to the Friday following -there were splendid tiltings and other amusements. During their -residence at Lille, the king remonstrated personally, and by the means -of others, so effectually with the duke, on his intended expedition, -that he postponed it for one whole year; when the king promised to -give him ten thousand combatants, paid for four months, to attend him -whither he should be then pleased to go. It was also said, that the -king of England would aid him with a great body of archers. By this -means was the expedition to Turkey broken off, to the displeasure of -the duke of Burgundy, whose whole desire was to go there for once. - -When this was settled, the king departed from Lille on his return to -France, and found at St Cloud the duke of Savoy, quite debilitated with -the gout, and his eldest son, who were there waiting for him. It was -rumoured, that they were very unpopular in Savoy, by reason of their -not conducting themselves according to the wishes of their people; and -that they had chosen the duke's third son, Philip, for their lord, who -was reported to be wise, subtle, and valiant in arms. - -FOOTNOTES: - -[Footnote 32: Arras--is divided into two parts: the cité being the -older, and la ville the new town. - -See _Martiniere's Dictionary_] - - - - -[A.D. 1464.] - -CHAP. XXVII. - - OF THE EXPEDITION OF THE BASTARD OF BURGUNDY.--THE KING OF FRANCE - DETAINS PRISONER PHILIP OF SAVOY, NOTWITHSTANDING HE HAD GIVEN HIM A - SAFE CONDUCT.--THE COUNT DE ST POL PACIFIES THE KING OF FRANCE.--A - BATTLE SHORTLY NOTICED TO HAVE TAKEN PLACE IN ENGLAND.--OTHER MATTERS. - - -On the 18th day of March, in the year 1463, the duke of Burgundy, -dissatisfied that the king had prevailed on him to retard his -expedition to Turkey, assembled the three estates of his country at -Lille, and there told them, that the king of France had induced him to -delay going to the east for one year; but that in order that the pope, -and the other Christian princes, might be satisfied with him, he had -the intention of sending thither his bastard Anthony, with two thousand -combatants, accompanied by Baldwin his other bastard, then about -eighteen years old; and that, should it please God, and he be neither -dead nor ill, he would be in person in Turkey by St John's day, in the -year 1465, with the largest army he could possibly assemble. - -The king of France, at this time, sent a third summons for the count de -St Pol to appear in person before him, or take the consequences, and -sent him a passport. The count, fearing he should be banished if he -further disobeyed, determined to go to the king; and on his arrival, he -met with so many zealous friends at court that the king received him -with much pleasure, and his peace was made,--and he did homage for the -lands he held under the king. It was said at the time, that king Louis -required that he would no longer serve the count de Charolois,--but -that he had replied in excuse, that it was impossible for him to comply -with this requisition, as he was under obligations, by faith and oath, -to the count de Charolois, and could not break them. - -Soon after Easter, in the year 1464, at the command of the king of -France, Philip of Savoy, third son to the duke of Savoy, set out -to wait on him. The king had sent to him his first equerry, with -credential letters, to desire that he would accompany him to France. -These letters were signed by the king himself, and displayed by the -equerry, who assured him, in the king's name, that he should come and -return in perfect safety. - -Notwithstanding this, on his near approach to the king, he was -arrested, and carried prisoner to the castle of Loches, in Touraine, -a very strong castle, wherein he remained confined two whole years. I -know not the cause of this, if it were not that the king was envious -that he had greater command in Savoy than the duke, and that the people -more willingly obeyed him than the duke. However, at the end of two -years, the king, of his own accord, had him set at liberty. - -At this time, Charles count de Nevers departed this life, without -leaving male heirs, and was therefore succeeded in his counties of -Nevers, Rethel, and other places, by his brother John. - -The 20th of May, being Whitsunday, Anthony bastard of Burgundy, with -other knights and esquires of the duke of Burgundy's household, put on -the cross previous to their expedition against the infidels; and on the -morrow they embarked at Sluys, in the presence of the duke. They were, -in the whole, two thousand combatants; and the duke gave sir Anthony, -this day, to defray the expenses of his voyage, one hundred thousand -golden crowns, besides the county of la Roche and other lands. - -On occasion of this croisade, numbers of young persons in different -parts of Christendom had put on the cross, to march against the Turks, -and had taken their road to Rome. But as they went without any order or -leader, some ten, some twenty at a time, their intentions failed, and -they returned home, although they would have made a respectable figure -from their numbers, had they been in one body,--but God would not, for -this time, permit it. - -In this same month of May, another battle[33] was fought in England, -between the army of king Edward, under the command of the earl of -Warwick, and that of king Henry, commanded by the duke of Somerset, in -the hopes of recovering the kingdom forking Henry, although in breach -of his treaty with king Edward, who had pardoned him, and restored -his lands and honours; but ill fortune attended him,--for he lost -the battle, and his men were either killed or taken: he himself was -made prisoner, and brought to Edward, who instantly ordered him to be -beheaded. - -On the 2d day of June, the count de Charolois came to Lille, grandly -attended by the nobles of the country, to wait on the duke his father, -who was then displeased with him; but the lord de Saveuses interfered -with the duke, so that he spoke to his son, and forgave him. It was -said, that the count addressed himself to the lord de Croy, and said, -that when he should behave to him in the manner he ought, he would be -a good lord to him. He could not, however, at this moment, regain the -pension he was wont to receive from his father. - -The 20th day of June, Pierre Louvain, one of the king's captains, and -under his protection, was murdered by sir Raoul de Flavy, lord of -Rubencourt, in revenge for the death of his brother William de Flavy, -who had been put to death by his wife, with the knowledge, as was said, -of Pierre Louvain: but no harm whatever was done to those that were in -company with the said Pierre Louvain at the time of his death. - -The wife of William de Flavy, who was of a noble family, caused her -husband's throat to be cut by his barber while he was shaving him; but -as he did not cut the throat quite through, she seized the same razor, -and completed it,--which was an extraordinary circumstance, as she had -had a fine son by him. In excuse for this her strange conduct, it must -be said, that he was harsh and rough in his behaviour to her, and kept -women of bad fame in the house, with whom he lay, to the neglect of his -wife, who was young and handsome: he had also imprisoned her father, -and kept him so long in confinement that he died in prison. - -On the 15th of June, in this year, an extraordinary event happened at -the palace at Paris, during the pleading of a cause between the bishop -of Angers and a rich burgher of that town. The bishop had accused him -of heresy and usury, and maintained that he had said, in the presence -of many persons of honour, that he did not believe there was a God, -a devil, a paradise, or a hell. It happened, that while the bishop's -advocate was repeating the above words, as having been said by the -burgher, the hall they were pleading in shook very much, and a large -stone fell down in the midst, but without hurting any one. However, -all the persons present were exceedingly frightened, and left the -hall, as the cause had been deferred to the next day: but when the -pleading recommenced, the room shook as before,--and one of the beams -slipt out of the mortise, and sunk two feet, without falling entirely -down, which caused so great an alarm, lest the whole roof should fall -and crush them, that they ran out in such haste that some left behind -them their caps, others their hoods and shoes; and there were no more -pleadings held in this chamber until it had been completely repaired -and strengthened! - -FOOTNOTES: - -[Footnote 33: The battle of Hexham.] - - - - -CHAP. XXVIII. - - THE KING OF FRANCE COMES TO HÊDIN A SECOND TIME.--WHAT PASSED AT THE - MEETING BETWEEN HIM AND THE DUKE OF BURGUNDY.--THE DEATH OF POPE PIUS - II. - - -The king of France came again to Amiens in the month of June in this -year, and went thence to St Pol, where he met the duke of Burgundy. - -After the count had grandly feasted them, they went together to Hêdin, -where the duke entertained them nobly. During their stay at Hêdin, an -ambassador arrived from king Edward, to whom the duke gave a handsome -reception. - -The common rumour was, that, at this meeting, the king of France -required of the duke that he should restore to him the castlewicks of -Lille, Douay, and Orchies, in consideration of two hundred thousand -livres in cash, and ten thousand livres a-year that he would pay -him,--for which sums they had been pledged by a king of France to an -earl of Flanders. The duke replied, that when his grandfather duke -Philip of Burgundy, son to king John of France, married the lady -Margaret, heiress to the earl of Flanders, these castlewicks were given -him by the king of France, to be enjoyed by him and his heirs-male for -ever,---but that, should there be no male heirs, these castlewicks were -to be restored to the crown, on payment of the above sums to the earl -of Flanders. The king, as was said, made other requests to the duke, -who granted none of them, as he thought them unreasonable. - -The duke, on his part, made three requests to the king: first, that -he would have in his good graces the count de Charolois, having heard -that the king was displeased with him. Secondly, that he would desist -from constraining such of the nobility as held fiefs under the crown -from taking any other but the usual oaths,--for some of the nobles had -been forced to make oath to serve him against all other men whatever. -Thirdly, that he would finish and fulfil all that he had promised and -sworn to respecting various articles of the treaty of Arras, at the -time he made his payment for the recovery of the towns on the Somme. To -all which requests the king evaded giving any positive answer, and the -next day departed from Hêdin, for Abbeville and Rouen. Shortly after, -namely, about the end of July, the king returned to Nouvion, a village -near the forest of Cressy, where he staid some time; but though the -duke was still at Hêdin, they no longer visited each other,--but the -lord de Croy went often to talk with the king, and then returned to -Hêdin. - -While the duke was at Hêdin, he hanged on a gibbet a gentleman called -Jean de l'Esquerre, for many heavy crimes of which he had been guilty, -notwithstanding that he was one of the most valiant men in the county -of Artois, and that his friends made urgent requests to save him; but -all they could obtain was liberty to take his body from the gibbet, and -inter it in the church of the Cordeliers at Hêdin. - -On the 15th of August, this year, died pope Pius; and on the day of his -decease the lightning struck many places in the neighbourhood of Rome, -and did great damage: of this event, people spoke differently. After -the death of pope Pius II. pope Paul II.[34] as elected in his room. - -FOOTNOTES: - -[Footnote 34: Paul II. Pietro Barbo, a Venetian.] - - - - -CHAP. XXIX. - - THE BASTARD DE REUBEMPRÉ IS SENT TO HOLLAND, TO ATTEMPT TO TAKE THE - COUNT DE CHAROLOIS.--HE IS ARRESTED HIMSELF. - - -During the king of France's stay at Hêdin, the bastard de Reubempré was -ordered, by I know not whom, to embark on board a vessel of war, called -a ballenier,[35] at Crotoy, with forty picked men, of good courage, and -to sail for Holland, where the count de Charolois then resided. None -of the crew knew whither the bastard intended to carry them, nor what -orders he was charged with, except that they were told they must follow -him wherever he should choose to lead them, and implicitly obey his -commands. - -The bastard, on his arrival at a port in Holland, left his vessel -at anchor, and, taking with him three or four of his most trusty -companions, advanced within a league of the town in which the count de -Charolois was. But notwithstanding the great care he took to proceed -as secretly as possible, he was nevertheless discovered while drinking -at an alehouse, and the count informed thereof, who caused him and his -companions to be arrested and put into prison. The companions were soon -after set at liberty, and the bastard remained alone in confinement. -The count dispatched officers to seize the vessel and crew; but they -had heard of their captain's ill luck, and had put to sea instantly to -return to Crotoy. - -It was currently reported at the time, that the king of France had -ordered the bastard de Reubempré, by letters written with his own hand, -and signed by him, to seize the count de Charolois, and bring him to -him dead or alive. This plan was laid while the king was at Hêdin, and -while he had a powerful army on the Somme; and had it succeeded, he -would have made prisoner good duke Philip, who was far from suspecting -any thing of the kind, and would have had him led about in his train, -like to the duke of Savoy, his brother-in-law, until he should have -married the only child of the count de Charolois (a damsel not more -than seven or eight years old) to whomsoever he pleased, and should -have divided the territories of the duke,--namely, the duchy of Brabant -to the count de Nevers, and the rest among his favourites at his -pleasure. - -But God, who knows the hearts of men, would not permit so great ruin -to fall on the noble house of Burgundy, which is the fairest, firmest, -and strongest pillar of the French crown! May God, of his especial -grace, always keep the two noble houses of France and Burgundy in peace -and good harmony! Although I have now written down what was the common -report of the time, I can never believe the king of France capable of -imagining such schemes of wickedness, against the illustrious house of -Burgundy, considering the great honours and services he had received so -lately from the heads of it. - -As soon as the bastard de Reubempré was arrested, and had confessed -his guilt to the count de St Pol, then in Holland, he was put under -close confinement; and the count de Charolois sent information of -what had passed to his father, then at Hêdin, where he had grandly -entertained the queen of France, who had come to visit him from -Abbeville and Nouvion.--At this time, the duke of Bourbon waited on the -king at Abbeville, in whose good graces he was not, from the report -that he, the duke of Brittany, and the count de Charolois had formed -a triple alliance, and had mutually sworn to assist each other with -the utmost of their power, should the king make any attempts on their -persons or property. - -Soon afterward, namely, on the 10th of October, the duke of Burgundy -received letters from the king, to say, that he would come and see him -at Hêdin on the following day. This same day, while at dinner, he had -the information from his son of the imprisonment and confessions of the -bastard de Reubempré, and also a warning that he was not safe at Hêdin. -On hearing this, as soon as he had dined, he instantly mounted his -horse, and rode off suddenly from Hêdin to St Pol, where he lay. His -attendants followed him thither, leaving for the defence of the town -and castle of Hêdin, sir Adolphus of Cleves and the lord de Crequy. The -duke, nevertheless, ordered them, if the king came thither, to throw -open the gates of the town and castle to him. But the king no sooner -learnt that the duke had so suddenly quitted Hêdin than he departed -from Abbeville; and the duke of Bourbon came to Lille, to the duke his -uncle, passing through Hêdin. From Lille he waited on the count de -Charolois at Ghent, and was nobly entertained, at Lille and Ghent, by -the father and son. - -FOOTNOTES: - -[Footnote 35: Ballenier,--a corsair--privateer. Du Cange, _Gloss._] - - - - -CHAP. XXX. - - THE KING OF FRANCE SUMMONS DEPUTIES FROM THE TOWNS ON THE SOMME, AND - FROM OTHER PLACES TO COME BEFORE HIM.--HIS HARANGUES TO THEM.--HE - APPOINTS THE COUNT DE NEVERS GOVERNOR OF PICARDY,--AND SENDS AN - EMBASSY TO THE DUKE OF BURGUNDY, AT LILLE. - - -The king, on his arrival at Rouen, summoned those of Tournay, and -of all the towns regained on the Somme, to appear before him; and -all of them sent deputies, excepting Cambray. He harangued them, by -the mouth of his chancellor, on the reports that were current every -where, through the territories of Burgundy, and which had vexed him -exceedingly, that he had sent the bastard de Reubempré to Holland, to -seize the count de Charolois and bring him to him, for which there -was not any foundation. True it was, that the duke of Brittany was -not so obedient to him as he ought to have been, and had sent his -vice-chancellor to England, to form an alliance with his ancient -enemies the English, which he should not have done without his -permission; and for this reason he had sent the bastard de Reubempré -into Holland, to seize the vice-chancellor of Brittany (if it could be -done) as he was returning from England through Holland. - -He added, that a preacher had publicly declared from the pulpit at -Bruges, where Christians assemble from all parts of the world, that he -had purposely sent the said bastard to lay hands on the said count, a -thing he had never once thought of, and it was his intention to punish -most severely all who should spread tales so disgraceful to his honour. - -The chancellor concluded by telling them, that the king had thus called -them together, to inform them, that he had appointed the count de -Nevers his lieutenant and captain-general of all the lately-regained -countries, as far as the river Loire, to oppose his ancient enemies, -should they make any attempts to invade his kingdom, commanding them, -at the same time, to yield obedience to the count de Nevers, as to -his own proper person. After this harangue, the deputies returned home -again. - -The count de Charolois, accompanied by four score or a hundred knights -and gentlemen, and fully six hundred horse, arrived at Lille on the -4th of November, which caused great joy throughout that town, and the -children sang carols in all the streets. On dismounting, he waited on -his father, who received him with much pleasure. The next day came to -Lille, the count d'Eu, the chancellor of France, and the archbishop of -Narbonne, as ambassadors from the king of France, with a noble company -of attendants.[36] - -The day following, they had an audience of the duke, to whom, in the -presence of the count de Charolois, the chancellor displayed their -commission from the king, to remonstrate with the duke on three -subjects: - -First, the king demanded to have the bastard de Reubempré, then a -prisoner in Holland, given up to him. - -Secondly, the king demanded satisfaction for the words that had been -uttered to his dishonour, as to the cause of the imprisonment of the -said bastard. - -Thirdly, that the duke of Burgundy should send to the king a gentleman -of the household of the count de Charolois, called Olivier de la -Marche, by whom the words aforesaid were first published,--and also the -preacher who had uttered the same from his pulpit at Bruges, for him to -inflict on them such punishments as their crimes were deserving of. - -The chancellor, by way of excusing the king of France for sending -the said bastard to Holland, declared that it was done to arrest -the vice-chancellor of Brittany on his return from England; and -added, that the count de Charolois had greatly offended the king by -imprisoning the said bastard, and thus preventing him from fulfilling -his orders. - -At these words, the count de Charolois fell on his knees before the -duke, and besought him to permit him to answer what had been just said, -for that it greatly affected his honour; observing, that if it pleased -God to keep him in his (the duke's) good favour, there was not a man -on earth he feared but him, who was his father and lord, and that he -marvelled much why the king was thus pressing him. The chancellor of -France then said, that they were not charged by the king to make any -reply to the count de Charolois; and the duke told his son to desist -from saying more until another time. This command the count obeyed, -like a good son, but sore against his will. - -The chancellor, continuing his harangue, said, that the king had been -greatly surprised that the duke so suddenly left Hêdin, as he had said -he would not depart thence until he had spoken with the king, nor -without his leave,--and he was wont to be punctual to his word. - -The duke allowed the chancellor to finish all he had to say, without -further interruption, and then replied, article by article: first, -then, as to what was said of his son being suspicious, he said, -that, if he was suspicious, he had it not from him, for he had never -in his life been doubtful of man or prince whatever; and if he had -that character, he had it from his mother, who was ever jealous lest -he should love any other woman but her. With regard to giving up -the bastard of Reubempré, he would not do it, as he was arrested in -Holland, of which he, the duke, was sovereign by sea and land, without -acknowledging other lord but God, and in or on that country the king -has not the smallest right or claim. The bastard had been imprisoned -there for crimes which would be judged in that country, and punished -according to its laws. He had been always esteemed of a wicked and -loose character, and guilty of murder and other crimes. - -Respecting Olivier de la Marche, whom the king would have sent to -him, for having first uttered the words the king complains of and -the preacher who published them from the pulpit at Bruges,--the duke -replied, that the preacher was a churchman whom he would not touch, as -it was unbecoming him so to do; and that there be preachers who are -neither wise nor prudent, and who go from place to place, so that no -one knows where to find them; 'but for my part,' he continued, 'I do -not believe that any preacher has preached such language. As to Olivier -de la Marche, he is of the household of my son; and I do not think that -he has done any thing but what he ought to have done or said: should it -be otherwise, I shall make proper inquiries, and punish him according -to his deserts. - -'With regard to not keeping my word, I will that all the world know -that I have never promised any thing by my mouth to any one alive, -but what I have kept to the very utmost of my power.' This he said -rather in a passion; and then, smiling, he said, 'I never failed in my -promises but to the ladies, and wish that you may know it; and tell my -lord your king, that when I last took leave of him, I indeed said, -that if affairs, or any other matters, did not require my presence -elsewhere, I should not quit Hêdin until I saw him again, if he wished -it; this, and nothing else, did I promise him. Now at the moment of -my setting out, news was brought me of the arrest of the bastard de -Reubempré, and of other affairs, that made my departure necessary; but -I made no very great haste,--for I only travelled four leagues a day -until I came to Lille.' - -The chancellor of France then said, that considering the great respect -and affection he had always borne to the crown of France, and the -marked attention the king had shown by selecting for this embassy his -relative, the count d'Eu, and himself, who was chancellor of France, -he hoped the bastard of Reubempré would be given up, and begged of the -duke to weigh this in his mind. - -The duke instantly replied, that, in truth, he had ever exerted himself -to pay the king every honour and love; 'but of all the things I have -asked,' added he, 'he has not only never granted one, but he has failed -to keep the promises he made me. Of the lands which he has regained, -he promised me the enjoyment during my life; but no sooner were the -payments made than he forgot what he had promised, and deprived me of -the enjoyment of them, for which I am not the better.' - -At these words, master Pierre de Goux, knight and doctor of laws, -advanced, and said aloud to the ambassadors, that all might hear him, -'My lords, the duke, my lord, does not hold all his territories from -the king of France: he holds from him, indeed, the duchy of Burgundy, -the counties of Flanders and of Artois; but he has many fine dominions -out of the kingdom of France,--such as the duchies of Brabant, of -Luxembourg, of Lembourg, of Austria, together with the counties of -Burgundy, Hainault, Holland, Zealand and Namur, and other countries, -which he holds from God alone, although he be not a king.' - -The duke interrupted him, and said, 'I will that all who hear may know, -that if I had wished it, I might have been a king!' without declaring -how, or by what means, and then simply added, that before three days -were passed, he would give a more ample answer to the ambassadors. -They then departed to their lodgings; but on this day, the duke wrote -a letter to the king, and sent it by a pursuivant, who delivered it in -person, and brought the duke an answer from the king. The pursuivant -was not more than ten days in going and returning,--but what the -contents of these letters were I am ignorant. - -FOOTNOTES: - -[Footnote 36: This embassy consisted of the count d'Eu, Charles -d'Artois, a prince of the blood, who had been twenty-three years -prisoner of war in England, Pierre de Morvillier, chancellor of -France,--and Anthony du Bec-Crespin, archbishop of Narbonne. - -The count de Charolois was only restrained by the presence of his -father from using severe language; but when the ambassadors took their -leave, he said to the archbishop, who went out the last, 'Recommend me -most humbly to the good graces of the king, and tell him that he has -had me well dressed by his chancellor,--but that, before a year pass, -he shall repent of it!' - -It was probably from these intemperate speeches of the chancellor that -the _war of the public good_ had its origin.] - - - - -CHAP. XXXI. - - THE ANSWER OF THE COUNT DE CHAROLOIS TO THE AMBASSADORS FROM - FRANCE.--THE KING OF FRANCE ORDERS CREVECŒUR, NEAR CAMBRAY, TO BE - TAKEN POSSESSION OF.--THE DUKE OF BURGUNDY SENDS AN EMBASSY TO THE - KING OF FRANCE.--THE DEATH OF THE DUKE OF ORLEANS. - - -On the 8th day of November, the French ambassadors were summoned to -come into the presence of the duke of Burgundy,--when the count de -Charolois, before a great company, coolly replied to the different -charges that had been made against him, article by article, without -showing the smallest sign of passion or trouble, to the great -astonishment of all who heard him,--more particularly to the surprise -of the duke, who, on the assembly's breaking up, said to some of his -confidential attendants, that he did not imagine his son was so able -and so prudent. - -The ambassadors returned to France, without having obtained any of -the articles they had demanded. They passed through Tournay, Arras, -and Amiens,--and in these and all the other towns on their road, -they assembled the magistracy, and told them, that the king was much -angered at the rumours which had been spread abroad of his intending to -seize the count de Charolois, which they affirmed the king had never -even thought of, and would have disdained to do it, and that he had -assured them of this from his own mouth. If, therefore, those who had -industriously circulated such reports should continue their calumnies, -the ambassadors ordered the magistrates to lay hands on them, that they -might be punished according to the pleasure of the king. - -The lords de Torcy and de Moy came, on the 15th November, to Crevecœur, -near Cambray, and took possession of the town and castle, by virtue of -letters-patent which they produced from king Louis, although, a short -time before, he had given it and its dependances to sir Anthony of -Burgundy, as an inheritance for himself and his heirs. The captain of -the castle made some show of resistance, and collected from sixteen to -twenty soldiers,--but he was so talked to by one and the other that he -agreed to surrender it. He was, however, carried away a prisoner to the -king, and, for some time, was in danger of his life,--but at length he -was sent back safe. - -About the festival of Christmas, the duke of Burgundy sent a notable -embassy to the king of France, consisting of the bishop of Tournay, -the lord de Crequy, and other nobles, who waited on the king at Tours -in Touraine, where he had assembled the princes and great lords of his -realm: the principal of them were the king of Sicily duke of Anjou, the -duke of Orleans, the counts de Nevers and de St Pol, with numbers of -others. - -When they were all met in the king's presence, the king addressed -them himself, and said, that he had not assembled them to hurt or -distress the duke of Burgundy, which many persons had affected to -believe; for he was under greater obligations to the duke than he -could express,--and so far from doing him any harm, he wished him all -happiness and honour. He had called them to his presence to consider -of the conduct of the duke of Brittany, who had told, or written, to -the count de Charolois, to the duke of Orleans, to the duke of Bourbon, -to the king of Sicily, and to other princes of his realm, that the -reason why he, the king, remained so much in Picardy, was to conclude -a peace with his ancient enemies the English; and to obtain this he -had promised to give them the duchies of Normandy and Guienne, that by -their assistance he might conquer and destroy the country of Burgundy, -of Brittany, of the Bourbonnois, of the Orleannois, and the other -territories of the princes of his blood and of his kingdom. - -The king affirmed on his oath, that he never thought of such -things,--and that if he had, he was unworthy to wear a crown, or to -be a king. The reason of his remaining in Picardy was because the duke -of Burgundy had an intention to undertake an expedition against the -Turk; and on that account he had indeed attempted to conclude a peace -with England, that the duke's territories, during his absence, might -continue in peace. - -The king then demanded of the princes present, if they believed what -the duke of Brittany had written to them: when they unanimously -replied, they did not. He then demanded, that they would all assist him -with their services against the duke of Brittany, who had so grossly -injured him; and they assured him they would do so to the utmost of -their power. - -On the 3d of January, in this year 1464, died Charles duke of Orleans, -about seventy years old, who left a son about three years of age, and a -daughter of seven or eight years old. He it was who commenced the civil -war in France against John duke of Burgundy, in revenge for the murder -of his father, which lasted upward of thirty years, to such great loss -and destruction of the kingdom that it would be pitiless to relate it, -as it may be seen in the Chronicles of Enguerrand de Monstrelet.[37] - -This duke of Orleans was made prisoner at the battle of Agincourt, -and carried to England, where he remained twenty-five years; and it -is supposed that he would never have obtained his liberty, if duke -Philip of Burgundy had not ransomed him; he also gave him in marriage -his niece, a daughter of the duke of Cleves, by whom he had the two -children above mentioned. - -On his return to France, he led an exemplary and devout life; and on -every Friday throughout the year, he gave thirteen poor persons their -dinner, in honour of God: he served them in person at table, before -he ate any thing himself, and then washed their feet, in imitation of -our Saviour, who washed the feet of his disciples on the day of the -Passover. - -FOOTNOTES: - -[Footnote 37: 'Il semble par la que Monstrelet nie son auteur de la -plûpart de ce qui est contenue au 3me volume.' - -_MS. note in M. du Cangé's copy._ - -This proves, however, what has been said in the preface, of nearly all -the last volume being by another writer than Monstrelet.] - - - - -CHAP. XXXII. - - THE MARRIAGE OF KING EDWARD OF ENGLAND, AND THE ALLIANCE HE WISHES - TO FORM WITH FRANCE.--THE BASTARDS OF BURGUNDY RETURN FROM THEIR - EXPEDITION.--THE DUKE OF BURGUNDY DANGEROUSLY ILL.--THE FAMILY OF CROY - ARE DISMISSED FROM THEIR PLACES. - - -In this year, between Christmas and Easter, Edward king of England, -surnamed Long Shanks, one of the handsomest knights of his kingdom, -took to wife the daughter of lord Rivers, an English knight of middling -rank, who, in his youth, had been sent to France to serve the duchess -of Bedford. The duke of Bedford was then regent of France for his -nephew king Henry VI. an infant; and his duchess was his second wife, -and sister to the count Louis de St Pol,--an exceedingly handsome lady. - -After the death of the duke, his widow, following her own inclinations, -which were contrary to the wishes of her family, particularly to those -of her uncle, the cardinal of Rouen, married the said lord Rivers, -reputed the handsomest man that could be seen, who shortly after -carried her to England, and never after could return to France for -fear of the relatives of this lady. She had several children by lord -Rivers,--and among them was a daughter of prodigious beauty, who, by -her charms, so captivated king Edward that he married her, to the great -discontent of several of the higher nobility, who would, if possible, -have prevented the marriage from taking place. But, to satisfy them -that the lady's birth was not inferior to theirs, king Edward sent -letters to the count de Charolois, to entreat that he would send him -some lord of the family of the lady to be present at her wedding.--The -count sent him sir James de St Pol, her uncle, grandly accompanied by -knights and gentlemen, to the number of more than one hundred horse, -who, on their arrival at London, put an end to the murmurings on this -marriage, and gave great satisfaction to the king. After the feasts, -when they were about to return home, the king presented sir James de St -Pol with three hundred nobles; and to each knight and gentleman of his -company he gave fifty nobles, beside most handsome entertainment. - -It was commonly said at the time, that the count de Charolois had sent -so handsome a company of nobles to England to please king Edward, and -gain him over to his interests, knowing that the king of France was -anxious to form an alliance with Edward to his prejudice, and that -the lord de Launoy had been sent by Louis to negotiate a treaty with -England. King Edward would not, however, listen to it, and even sent -the letters which the lord de Launoy had brought from the king of -France to the duke of Burgundy, for his perusal, and likewise wrote -to him every thing the lord de Launoy had told him from Louis, which -greatly astonished the duke, who from that time became suspicious of -the king of France's designs, and of those by whom he was surrounded. - -It was also said, that king Edward had charged sir James de St Pol to -tell the count de Charolois, that if he wanted men at arms, he would -send him as many as he pleased. - -In this year, the frost was so severe that wine was not only frozen -in the cellars but at table: even some wells were frozen,--and this -weather lasted from the 10th of December to the 15th of February. The -frost was so sharp for seven or eight days that many persons died in -the fields; and the old people said that there had not been so very -severe a winter since the year 1407. Much snow also fell; and the -rivers Seine and Oise were frozen so that waggons passed over them. - -Toward the end of February, sir Anthony and sir Baldwin, bastards of -Burgundy, returned from their intended expedition to Turkey. Though -there were more than two thousand combatants embarked at Sluys, from -four to five hundred died at sea of an epidemical distemper that -raged in the fleet. They left their fleet and arms at Marseilles and -travelled through Avignon to Burgundy, and thence to Brussels. At this -time, also, the bishop of Tournay and the other ambassadors returned -from their embassy to France. It was then said, that had they not gone -thither, the king was determined to invade the territories of the duke -of Burgundy, thinking to have the support of the count de St Pol and -the duke of Brittany, but in which he failed. - -The duke of Burgundy was now attacked by so severe an illness that -every one despaired of his life. The count de Charolois was then at -Brussels, but without hope of his father's recovery; and knowing that -the lord de Croy and his friends had in their hands the government of -the country, and of all its strongest places, and that the lord de Croy -had been absent fifteen days with the king of France, he suddenly sent -his most confidential friends to Luxembourg, Namur, the Boulonois, -Beaumont, Hainault, and other parts, to take instant possession of -them, and appoint other governors on whom he could depend. As the -physicians gave no hope of the duke's amendment, his son sent orders -to all the abbeys and monasteries dependant on him, to offer up their -most devout prayers for his restoration to health; and he was so much -beloved by his people that their prayers were heard, and he recovered -his health. On his recovery, he made his son governor of all his -dominions, who instantly dismissed the lord de Quievrain, the duke's -second chamberlain, the lord d'Auxi being the first, and appointed the -lord d'Aymeries in his room, which displeased the duke so much that he -immediately revoked the appointment he had given his son. - -The count de Charolois, upon this, called together the great -lords of the court, namely, the count de St Pol, sir Anthony his -bastard-brother, and the majority of the duke's council, and said to -them, 'I will not hide my mind from you,--but wish to tell you now, -what I had intended doing before, that you and all my other friends -may know that I consider the lord de Croy, his friends and allies, as -my mortal enemies.' He then declared his reasons for this opinion, and -had the same published throughout all the towns under his father's -subjection, by letters, the contents of which shall be hereafter -related. - -The count, having thus explained himself to his friends, instantly sent -three or four knights of his household to the lord de Quievrain, who -was first chamberlain in the absence of his uncle, the lord de Croy, -ordering him to quit the service of the duke his father as quietly -as he could, that his father might not hear of it, nor be troubled -thereat. The lord de Quievrain, perplexed at such orders, unwilling to -quit so good a situation, and fearing to offend the count de Charolois, -followed his own counsel, and went on the morrow morning to the duke, -and, throwing himself on his knees, thanked him for all his bounties -for the trifling services he had done, and requested his permission -to depart, for that the count his son had ordered him to leave the -court,--and he was afraid he would not be contented until he was put to -death. - -The duke, hearing these words, was in a mighty passion, and forbade him -to quit his service: then, snatching up a club, he sallied out of his -apartment in the greatest rage, saying to his attendants, that he would -go and see whether his son would put to death any of his servants. Some -of them, however, dreading the consequences of his passion, had the -doors closed, and the porter hidden with the keys, so that the duke -could not go out, but was forced to wait until the porter was found. - -At this moment, his sister, the duchess of Bourbon, accompanied by sir -Anthony of Burgundy, and many ladies and damsels, came to him, and -remonstrated with him so prudently, that they moderated his anger, and -he returned to his apartments. In the mean time, the lord de Quievrain -left his house, with only one attendant, as secretly as he could. - -The count de Charolois, hearing of his father's anger against him, held -daily councils with the duke's chief ministers, to seek the means of -appeasing it; and it was concluded, that the count should write letters -to all the great towns under the duke's dominion, stating to them his -grievances, and the reasons he had for dismissing the lord de Croy and -his friends from all the places they had holden under the duke. Similar -letters were likewise dispatched to the principal nobles,--and they -were ordered to be publicly read, that every one might know the true -state of the matter. - - - - -CHAP. XXXIII. - - A COPY OF THE LETTERS WHICH THE COUNT DE CHAROLOIS SENT TO THE NOBLES - AND PRINCIPAL TOWNS UNDER THE DOMINION OF THE DUKE OF BURGUNDY, TO - EXPLAIN THE REASONS WHY HE HAD DISMISSED THE LORD DE CROY AND HIS - FRIENDS FROM HIS FATHER'S SERVICE. - - -'Very dear and well beloved, you know, thanks to God, how long and -grandly our lord and father, by the noble virtues inherent in his -nature, has exalted the house of Burgundy, of which he is the head, -in a much higher degree than it ever was in the memory of man. And -although from his great age he has of late been afflicted with -illness, to the weakening of his faculties, he has, nevertheless, -always endeavoured to preserve his possessions untouched, to maintain -his subjects in peace, and to rule them with equity and justice; and -we have seen nothing to counteract such happy effects but the fraud -and damnable deceptions of the lord de Croy and his friends, who, -through an inordinate ambition and insatiable avarice, have attempted -to gain to themselves the whole government and the possession of all -the strong places so long as our said lord and father should live, -and, like ungrateful people, after his decease to ruin and destroy the -county, from hatred to us; for ever since we have arrived at years of -discretion, they have laboured, to the utmost of their power, by false -and wicked reports, that we might incur the anger of our said lord and -father, as you and the three estates have been before duly informed, -knowing that by such means alone they could succeed in their attempts. -They have, likewise, sought other means of destroying us, had it been -in their power; for while my lord the king, when dauphin, was in -this country, they endeavoured to lay hands on us, and make us their -prisoner. This we have been told by the king's own mouth since his -coronation, from his love to us,--for which singular affection we hold -ourself, and ever shall hold ourself, under the greatest obligations to -him. - -'Since his majesty's coronation, they have been so much vexed at the -favour the king showed us that they have never ceased to intrigue -until they had found means to deprive us of his majesty's good graces, -and to keep us at a distance from him. By their machinations, the -french ambassadors lately, in the presence of our lord and father, made -heavy and public accusations against us in the town of Lille, as you -may have heard; and the said de Croys have offered their services to -the king after the decease of our lord and father, in case he should -intend making war on us, which I cannot believe his majesty will -do,--for we have not done any thing, nor, please God, will we do any -thing, that may induce him to it. - -'They have boasted that they would make war on us from the strong -places of Bologne, Namur, Luxembourg, and others in their hands, and -that they would deliver them up to the power of others than the said -duke our father or ourself. These de Croys have, beside, by wicked -reports to our great prejudice, incited the king to repurchase the -towns and country our said lord had in pledge; and because our said -lord made some difficulty in acceding to this plan, because the king -required an acquittance for a very large sum, which ought to have been -paid at the time of this repurchase, the lord de Croy told him, and -caused him to be told, as from the king, that, notwithstanding the -repurchase of these said lands, he should remain in the enjoyment of -them during his life, which the lord de Croy knew at the same time to -be void of foundation, and notoriously contrary to truth. - -'The lord de Croy, still further to do mischief to the territories -of our said lord and father, has, by himself and friends, strongly -aided and supported the pretensions of the count de Nevers, our -cousin, against us; and in consequence, the said count has boasted -that the king had promised to assist him with four hundred lances, in -conjunction with the men of Liege, to invade Brabant after the decease -of our said lord and father, and to deprive us of our rights therein. - -'To be enabled to do greater harm to us, by giving the count de Nevers -further powers, the lord de Croy had made an exchange of the government -of the regained country and towns, which had been given him by the -king as a reward for his services in that business with our said cousin -of Nevers, for a barony in the Rethelois, called Rosay; and it is said -that they and their friends had mutually promised, on oath, to assist -each other against whoever intended to injure them. Notwithstanding -that, very lately, some persons attached to the service of our said -lord and father, anxious to make up all the differences between us and -the lord de Croy, had waited on us to this purpose, whom we, from our -reverence to God our Creator and Author of all peace, and respect to -our said lord and father, condescended to grant their desires, without -remembering the many injuries and persecutions we had suffered from -the said lord de Croy and his friends, and gave them a paper, signed -by our own hand, containing in substance, that when the lord de Croy -should do us any services, we would hold them for agreeable, and not -be ungrateful to him for them,--and that, if, in the performance of -such services, he should incur any loss or inconvenience, we would -support him against all, in so far as we should be bounden in reason -and justice to do,--the lord de Croy, however, paid not any attention -to this said paper, but has acted in regard to us, from badly to -worse; and when it has been remonstrated to him, that he ought to act -differently from what he has done toward us, and that the places he -holds under our said lord and father were not his inheritance, he has -boldly replied, that they were given to him by my said lord and father, -not only for his life, but for the life of his children after him, and -it was his intention that they should enjoy them after his decease, -even the governments of Namur, Boulogne, and Luxembourg. In fact, he -had done all in his power to obtain from our said lord and father a -gift of these places, and would have succeeded, had not some of our -said father's more faithful counsellors remonstrated with him on the -impropriety of such a gift. - -'The said lord de Croy, further to trouble the dominions of our said -lord and father, has lately attempted to introduce into the castle of -Namur a large body of men at arms, under the pretence of defending the -place against the men of Liege; but, thanks to God, he failed,--for the -good people of Namur, knowing his real intentions, would not suffer -it to be done. On finding such opposition to his designs, he went -thence to Beaumont in Hainault, where he attempted the same; but the -inhabitants behaved in the same loyal manner, and would not permit it -to take place. - -'On the other hand, he had, a little time before, instigated duke Louis -of Bavaria, the count de Valence his son-in-law, and other dependants -of the said duke, to appear before the town of Luxembourg with a great -army, with a view of becoming masters of that town and castle, and -would have succeeded had not proper precautions been taken before their -arrival. - -'In short, the lord de Croy and his family, forgetful of, and -ungrateful for, all the extraordinary honours and wealth they have -received from our said lord and father, their lord and sovereign, have -done every thing in their power, and still continue their intrigues, to -ruin and destroy his country, by causing it and its peaceful and loyal -inhabitants to be involved in the calamities of war. - -'Having considered all these wicked machinations, and having a sincere -love for the loyal people of our said lord, we have provided the surest -remedy against the future attempts of the lord de Croy and his family, -by taking possession of the towns and castles of Namur, Luxembourg, -and Boulogne, which we have intrusted to the guard of valiant and -faithful captains, in the name of our said lord, and solely to preserve -the poorer ranks from the miseries of war, and for no other purpose -whatever. We have, for some days past, supplicated, with the utmost -humility, an audience of our said lord and father, that we might -declare the aforesaid matters to him, and assure him of our upright -intentions in what we have done; but as we have not hitherto been able -to obtain an audience, we have assembled before us those of his blood, -the knights, esquires, and members of his council, of his household, -and of our own, that are at present in this town, to whom we have most -fully detailed the matters above mentioned, and our determination -to provide, with the aid of God, such remedies as the various cases -may require, so that our said lord may enjoy in peace the whole of -his dominions, and that they may descend to us unimpaired after his -decease. For the preservation of which we are willing to expose our -life and fortune, and remain his most loyal and obedient subject, -without taking any greater part in the government of his country than -he shall be willing to allow us. - -'We declared also to this assembly, that to enable us the better to -serve our said lord and father as an obedient son should, it was our -intention to remain at his palace, and near to his person, without -permitting the lord de Croy or any of his family, whom we hold and -repute our enemies, to have any longer the government of his household -or country, which they have formerly enjoyed: that in regard to the -other loyal officers, counsellors, and subjects of our said lord, we -consider them as our true and trusty friends, and cherish them as -such; and we hope that as they have for some time past displayed their -loyal services, they will continue so to do, both in regard to our -said lord and father, and to the welfare of his dominions,--and on our -part, we intend steadily, and with all our heart, to obey and execute -whatsoever our said lord and father shall, after due consideration -and counsel, command us, for the good of his country, without, in -future, showing any favours to the lord de Croy or to his family, whom, -as I have before said, we repute our mortal enemies; and we further -requested the said assembly to assist us in the preservation and -defence of the dominions of our said lord from the smallest depredation -or infringement; which request the whole assembly liberally and -unanimously complied with and granted. - -'Since these things took place, the lord de Quievrain, nephew to the -lord de Croy, has quitted this town, which has much displeased our said -lord and father, and greatly angered him against us; but by the good -pleasure of God, and the prudent remonstrances of his good and loyal -counsellors, we hope that his anger will soon be appeased. - -'Of all these matters, very dear and well beloved, we inform you by -these presents, as our true and loyal friends, to whom we wish to lay -open the secrets of our heart; and that you may be truly informed how -things have happened, most earnestly requesting of you that you do -not afford any assistance to, or receive, the said lord de Croy, his -family or friends, but treat them as the enemies of our said lord and -father and of ourself. We beg that you will not give ear to reports or -letters that may be made or delivered contrary to the above statement, -for we are most desirous of serving, honouring, and obeying, with our -whole heart, our said lord and father, in every possible way, as we -are bounden to do, and as we have hitherto done,--nor shall he ever -have, if it so please God, any cause of reasonable complaint against -us. Therefore, without the smallest attempt against his person, or to -encroach on his government, we shall employ our whole life, honour, -and fortune, for his safety, security, and prosperity, and for the -welfare of his country and subjects, against all who shall, at any -time, presume to molest, or any way aggrieve, him or them. We therefore -entreat and request you most cordially to join in aiding and supporting -us in these measures, should there be occasion, for we have the -fullest confidence in you. Very dear and well beloved, may the Holy -Spirit have you in his good keeping. - -'Written at Brussels the 22d day of March, in the year 1464,' and -signed 'Charolois.' - -'The superscription on these letters was, 'By order of the count de -Charolois, lord of Château Belin and of Bethune.' - - - - -CHAP. XXXIV. - - THE DUKE OF BERRY, ONLY BROTHER TO THE KING OF FRANCE, WITHDRAWS - HIMSELF FROM THE COURT OF FRANCE, AND TAKES REFUGE WITH THE DUKE OF - BRITTANY.--THE COUNT DE DAMMARTIN ESCAPES FROM PRISON.--LETTERS FROM - THE DUKE OF BERRY TO THE DUKE OF BURGUNDY. - - -In the beginning of March, in the year 1464, Charles duke of Berry, -only brother to the king, and about twenty-eight years old, whom the -king kept near his person in a simpler estate than he wished, and -much inferior to what he had enjoyed during the life of their father, -pretended one day to go to hunt, while his brother was absent on a -pilgrimage near Poitiers: instead of which, the duke rose very early -in the morning, and, attended by only nine or ten persons, set out -with all possible speed to seek an asylum with the duke of Brittany. -They broke down all the bridges they crossed, that, if they should be -pursued, they might not be overtaken. - -It was said at the time, that the two dukes of Berry and Brittany had -formed an alliance with the dukes of Bourbon and Calabria, the count -de Charolois, and other princes of France, against the king, should -he attempt to molest any of them,--for the king was obstinately bent -upon executing his own designs, which appeared to many strange and -unreasonable. - -The king was extremely mortified to find that his brother had so -suddenly departed, and sent in haste to all the principal towns and -castles, to put them on their guard, and commanding them to keep a good -look-out. In addition to this, he took off certain tolls and taxes -which the regained towns on the Somme were accustomed to pay, the more -effectually to obtain their loves and services. - -In this week, which was the first of March, the count de Dammartin, -whom the king detained prisoner in the bastile at Paris, found means to -make a hole in the wall of one of the towers, through which he escaped -to a boat that was waiting for him in the moat, and rowed to the -opposite bank, where were horses ready, and, having instantly mounted, -made all possible haste to escape into Brittany. - -In this same week, the lord de Roubais, by orders from the count de -Charolois, went with a body of men at arms to seize the town and -castle of Launoy, thinking to take the lord thereof at the same time. -The lord de Launoy was then governor of Lille, bailiff of Amiens, and -nephew to the lord de Croy; but they neither found him, nor his wife -or children,--for having had information of what was intended, he had -quitted the place with his family and most valuable effects, and saved -himself in the city of Tournay, two leagues distant from his house. - -At the same time, the abbot of Havons was arrested, by orders from the -count de Charolois, together with one called Pierrechon, the servant -and master of the wardrobe to the lord de Croy, and one in whom he had -the greatest confidence: they were detained prisoners a long time. - -Soon afterward, the count de Charolois made a present of the town and -castle of Launoy to James de St Pol, brother to the count de St Pol: in -which castle were provisions for the garrison, consisting of six score -salted bacons, great abundance of flour, corn and oats, and also a new -mill for the grinding of them. - -In the month of March, the duke of Berry sent a letter from Nantes to -the duke of Burgundy, dated the 15th of that month, of the following -tenour: - -'Very dear and most beloved uncle, I commend myself to you by all -possible means; and may it please you to know that, for some time past, -I have, with sorrow, heard the clamours of the greater part of the -princes of our blood, and of the nobles of the kingdom, on the wretched -state of the government of France, owing to the advice and counsels -of those wicked persons by whom my lord and sovereign is surrounded, -who, for their own profit, and disorderly ambition, have not only -caused a hatred and coolness between my lord and you and me, but also -have estranged him from the friendship of the kings of Scotland and -Castille, whose alliance with the crown of France has been of so long a -date, as is well known to every one. - -'I shall not here mention how the affairs of the church, and of -justice, have been administered, nor how the nobles have been -maintained in their rights and usages, or the poorer ranks guarded from -oppression, as I know that you are well informed as to such matters, -and as they are so very disagreeable for me to dwell upon, from the -nearness of my connexion with my said lord. Wishing, however, to profit -from your counsel, and that of those other princes and nobles who have -offered me their fullest support in providing a remedy for such crying -abuses, and also to escape from personal danger, for I had daily heard -such conversations between my lord and his ministers as gave me cause -of suspicion, I departed from my lord's court, and have taken refuge -with my fair cousin of Brittany, who has given me a reception for -which I never can enough praise him, and has promised to support me -personally, and with all his powers, for the welfare of the kingdom, -and the public good. - -'It is, therefore, very dear and beloved uncle, my intention to act -with you and the other lords my relatives, whose counsels I shall -follow, and none others, for the restoring of this desolated kingdom; -for I know you are one of the greatest of its princes,--and in its -welfare you are more concerned, as the dean of the peerage, and a -prince of such high renown, and who has been so highly displeased with -the present disorders in the government. I wish, therefore, that you -and my other relatives would assemble to consult on the surest means of -bringing about a reformation of the abuses and grievances that exist -in every branch of the government, to the relief of the poor people, -who are unable longer to bear their burdens, and of restoring order in -the better administration of justice and the finances, to the great -happiness of the realm, and to the eternal honour of those who shall, -with God's pleasure, so usefully employ themselves. - -'I, therefore, very dear and beloved uncle, entreat, that, for so good -a purpose, you would give me your support and assistance, and employ -also my fair brother Charolois, your son, in my aid, as I have been -always confident in your friendship,--and that we may speedily meet is -my most earnest wish. It is my meaning shortly to enter France, and -take the field accompanied by the other princes and nobles who have -promised me their assistance: I shall, therefore, beg, that you would, -as speedily as may be, raise as large a force as possible to enter -France on your side; and should you be unable personally to accompany -it, I shall hope that you will send it under the command of the count -de Charolois. At the same time, you will depute to me some of your most -confidential counsellors, with whom I may advise, in conjunction with -the other princes, as to what may be done for the public welfare, and -by whom you may have information of my good and just intentions; for I -am determined to regulate my conduct after the advice of yourself and -the other princes and lords. - -'Whatever the count de Charolois shall recommend, in your absence, for -the general good, you may be assured that I will support him in, and -maintain to my latest breath. - -'Very dear and beloved, let me know at all times whatever you may wish -to have done, and it shall be accomplished with my whole heart.--I pray -God that he may grant you a long life, and accomplish all your desires. - -'Written at Nantes, the 15th day of March.' Signed, 'Your nephew, -Charles.' The address was, 'To my uncle the duke of Burgundy.' - -About this time, James de St Pol returned from England, whither he -had been sent by the count de Charolois, as well to do honour to king -Edward's marriage as to negotiate for his assistance against the king -of France, should there be occasion, or at least to prevent him from -being engaged against him; for the king of France had before sent the -lord de Launoy to conclude a treaty with king Edward, to the prejudice -of the count de Charolois. The king of England, however, would not -listen to it, and had even transmitted to the duke of Burgundy the king -of France's proposals, which greatly astonished the duke, as well in -regard to their contents as that the lord de Launoy had been the bearer -of them. - -On the 8th day of April, in this year, was a conjunction of Saturn and -Jupiter, whence the learned foretold that great miseries would befal -the world. - - - - -CHAP. XXXV. - - A CORRESPONDENCE TAKES PLACE BETWEEN THE KING OF FRANCE AND THE - DUKE OF BOURBON.--THE KING PUBLISHES OTHER LETTERS THROUGHOUT HIS - REALM,--AND THE COUNT DE NEVERS ISSUES PROCLAMATIONS IN ALL THE TOWNS - WITHIN HIS LIEUTENANCY FOR THE KING OF FRANCE. - - -In the month of March, of this year, the king of France sent letters, -signed with his hand, to the duke of Bourbon, containing in substance, -that his brother, the duke of Berry, had left him, and gone to Brittany -without his consent or knowledge. He then added, that, all excuses -being laid aside, he commanded him to come to his presence instantly -after his letter had been read, and to put faith in whatever Josselin -du Boys should tell him now on his part, and to collect immediately one -hundred lances, ready to march at a moment's notice. - -The duke of Bourbon having read this letter, and heard what Josselin -du Boys had to say, wrote an answer to the king, in which he repeated -what the king had written to him, and thanked him for the great -confidence he had placed in him. He then adverted to the grievances -and unjust acts the princes of his blood had witnessed throughout -the realm, concerning which the king had received many complaints -and remonstrances, as they were nearly affected by them, but without -obtaining any redress, by reason of the obstructions of those who -surrounded his majesty. - -The princes, therefore, seeing that their complaints and remonstrances -were not attended to, and that no remedy was thought of for the redress -of grievances, had formed a strict alliance by oaths and written -agreements, mutually exchanged with each other, to provide such a -remedy for these grievances as had not taken place since his majesty's -coming to the throne, so that it should redound to the honour of the -crown, the utility of the public welfare, and to the eternal glory of -them who undertook such wholesome measures. - -The duke added, that, after what he had said, it was unnecessary -for him to wait on him, as he was engaged, with the other princes -of the blood, in promoting the redress of the grievances they -had so repeatedly complained of, since he had neglected to do it -himself,--begging to be held excused for not coming to him, and -expressly declaring that he was of the union with the princes, for the -welfare of his majesty and of his kingdom. He besought him, for the -honour of God, that he would himself redress these grievances, to avoid -the great evils that might otherwise ensue to his kingdom. He concluded -by saying, that this union had not been formed against his person, or -against the good of the realm, but solely to restore the government -to order, for his honour, the welfare of the kingdom, and for the -relief of the poor people, which are objects of great praise, and which -require immediate attention. This letter was dated Moulins, the 14th -day of March. - -When the king had received and read this letter, which fully explained -the intentions of the confederated princes, he caused letters to be -published throughout his realm, containing, in substance, that some -persons, excited by wicked hopes and damnable purposes, and not having -any regard to the honour of God, or the feelings of a loyal conscience, -had formed a conspiracy against him and against the welfare of his -realm, being desirous of interrupting the present peace and harmony. -For this end they had incited and suborned his brother, the duke -of Berry, who was but young in years, and not aware of their evil -designs, to separate himself from his care and government; and, the -better to succeed, they have most industriously spread abroad reports -that he intended to lay hands on, and imprison, his said brother, -even the thought of which had never entered his mind. They have -formed an alliance under pretext of the public welfare, although they -are endeavouring, by every sort of perjury and seduction, to throw -the whole kingdom into confusion and trouble, and are to afford an -opportunity for our ancient enemies the English to invade our realm, -and recommence, by a ruinous warfare, mischiefs similar to those which -we have so lately seen put an end to. - -These rebels to the king and his crown suspecting that, from their -outrageous acts, the king would never pardon them, although they have -not required it, prepare for war to maintain their damnable projects -by force of arms. The king, nevertheless, assures, by these presents, -that all princes, prelates, nobles, or others forming part of this said -confederation, who shall quit the same, and return to the king within -one month or six weeks from the date hereof, shall be most kindly -received, and fully pardoned for all their offences; and their effects -shall be restored to such as may, for the above cause, have had them -confiscated. The king orders, by these presents, all his governors, -judges, officers, and others, to cause this his gracious intention -of pardon to be publicly proclaimed within their jurisdictions, and -to receive all to favour who shall return and demand it within the -aforesaid specified period of one month or six weeks from the date -hereof. This letter was given at Thouars, under the great seal of the -king, the 16th day of March, in the year 1464. - -On this same day, the count de Nevers, lieutenant for the king of all -the country between the Somme and the Oise, issued a proclamation -throughout those parts, containing the same in substance as the letter -of the king, ordering them to keep up a good guard, as otherwise they -would answer for it at their peril. He also assembled the vassals of -the crown, and put them in a situation to serve the king, under arms, -when called upon: he likewise caused proclamation to be made, that all -persons who had usually borne arms should keep themselves in readiness -for the king's service when ordered, under the accustomed penalties. -These proclamations were dated at Mezieres on the Meuse, the 16th day -of March, in the year aforesaid. - -The count de Charolois also wrote letters to the governor, mayor, and -sheriffs of Arras, to say, that he had heard the lord de Croy and his -friends were collecting a considerable force, and intended marching -it away from the territories of the duke his father, and that they -were united with his cousin, the count de Nevers, in their plans to -invade and lay waste the said country: to both of which schemes he -was determined to apply a remedy, and for this purpose now ordered -them to have it publicly proclaimed within their districts, that no -persons whatever should join or assist the said lord de Croy, or his -said cousin of Nevers, without the express permission of himself, or -of the said duke his father, under pain of corporal punishment and -confiscation of effects. These letters were dated the 25th of March, in -the above-mentioned year. - - - - -[A.D. 1465.] - -CHAP. XXXVI. - - THE DUKE OF BURGUNDY PARDONS HIS SON.--HE ORDERS A LARGE BODY OF MEN - TO BE RAISED FOR THE ASSISTANCE OF THE DUKE OF BERRY AGAINST HIS - BROTHER THE KING OF FRANCE.--OTHER EVENTS THAT HAPPENED AT THAT TIME. - - -On Good Friday, a learned friar preached an excellent sermon before -the duke of Burgundy and his household, at Brussels, on the blessings -of mercy and pity, in order to induce the duke to pardon his son, the -count de Charolois, for having offended him, which hitherto he had not -been inclined to do. When the sermon was ended, several knights of the -Golden Fleece approached the duke, and humbly entreated him, that, in -consequence of the able discourse and reasoning of the preacher, he -would pardon his son for having offended him,--so that on the morrow, -Easter-eve, the count de Charolois came to his father about noon, and, -falling on his knee, said in substance as follows: 'My most redoubted -lord and father, I beseech you, in honour of the passion of our Lord -Jesus Christ, that you would be pleased to forgive my having displeased -you. What I did was for the preservation of my life, and of your -dominions, as I will more fully detail hereafter.' Much more he said, -to the edification and satisfaction of all who heard him. - -The duke took hold of him by the elbow, and, looking him full in -the face, said, 'Charles, my son, for all that you may have done to -displease me to this day, I freely forgive you: be my good son, and I -will be to you a good father.' In saying these words, the duke's eyes -filled with tears,--and those of the company present were in a like -situation, notwithstanding that there were there hardy knights, lords, -and others out of number. - -When the feasts of Easter were over, which commenced the year 1465, the -duke ordered the three estates of his country to assemble at Brussels -the 24th of April; and when they were met, he bade the bishop of -Tournay read to them the letter he had received from the duke of Berry. -He then told them, that it was his intention to raise the largest army -he had ever done, to assist the duke of Berry, and that he should give -the command of it to the count de Charolois, his son, who would require -that it should be in readiness to march on the 8th day of May. This -could not be done without a great expense; and for this purpose he -demanded from the county of Artois eighteen thousand francs, and from -his other territories sums in proportion to their abilities. The 12th -of May was fixed on for the payments, when the county of Artois granted -the eighteen thousand francs, and the other countries each according to -its extent and wealth. - -During this time, the count Louis de St Pol, his three sons, James -de St Pol his brother, the lord de Ravenstein, nephew to the duke of -Burgundy, the two bastards of Burgundy, sir Anthony de Baudoin, and -almost all the knights and nobles, vassals to the duke in Artois, the -Boulonnois, Hainault, Flanders, Brabant, Holland and Zealand, made -their preparations to accompany the count de Charolois, and were in -such numbers that they were estimated at four thousand combatants, -consisting of fourteen hundred lances, eight thousand archers, and -cross-bowmen, carbineers, and other warriors, not including those who -attended the baggage, who were very numerous, each being armed with a -leaden mace. In this army were none from Burgundy, as they were to form -a separate body until they joined the count. They amounted to upward of -six hundred lances, and other troops, under the command of the marshal -of Burgundy, the prince of Orange, the lord d'Arqueil, the lords de -Chargny, de Toulongeon, and other great barons of that country. - -While these preparations were making, John de Longueval, captain of the -archers of sir Anthony de Burgundy, having with him a body of troops, -went and took possession of the towns of Arleux and Crevecoeur, which -the king had formerly given to the bastard, but had since wrested from -him.--He summoned the governor of the castle of Crevecoeur to surrender -it amicably, or he would take it by storm; and the governor yielded -it up, on having his life and fortune spared, and returned to his own -country of Normandy. John de Longueval, having performed this exploit, -left a sufficient garrison in each for its defence, and then returned -to his other companions with the main army. - -When the king of France was assured of this great force which the count -de Charolois had raised, he dispatched his chancellor to Amiens, and to -Abbeville, where he met the counts d'Eu and de Nevers,--and they issued -a proclamation, in the king's name, for all who had been accustomed to -bear arms to be in readiness to serve him; and every one was forbidden -to bear arms, or to serve any other lord than the king, on pain of -corporal punishment and confiscation of effects. Notwithstanding this, -many of the knights and nobles of that country, who had always been -attached to the house of Burgundy, joined the count de Charolois, -leaving it to chance how they were to be treated for what they held -under the king. There were others who served the king. - -The count de Nevers, knowing that he was in the ill graces of -the count de Charolois, sent divers messengers to bring about a -reconciliation, but to no effect, for they were not admitted to an -audience,--which caused many who served the count de Nevers, and were -among the principal of his household, to abandon his service, and to -withdraw themselves to the count de Charolois, to preserve his favour. - -The count de Nevers, seeing himself thus abandoned, sent to entreat the -lord de Saveuses to come and speak with him; but he would not comply, -although he was requested by the count several times. But the count, -having received information that the lord de Saveuses was to pass -through Bray sur Somme, went himself to Bray, where he met him, and -entered into a long conversation, to prevail on him to think of some -means of making up the quarrel between the count de Charolois and him. - -This good lord promised willingly to undertake the business, provided -that he, the count de Nevers, would not bear arms for either of -the parties, and that he would not introduce any men at arms, as a -garrison, into Peronne,--and this he promised to perform. Now it -happened, that while the count de Nevers was returning from Bray to -Amiens, he received intimation from the inhabitants of Peronne, that -the count de St Pol had drawn up his forces before that town, and had -summoned them to surrender the place to the duke of Burgundy, or to his -son, and that they had demanded three days' delay to give their answer. -On receiving this intelligence, the count instantly departed from -Amiens, in company with Joachim Rohault, marshal of France. These two -noblemen had with them one hundred lances and two hundred of the king's -archers,--and they entered Peronne, the 15th day of May, with five or -six hundred horse. - -It was the common report at that time, that the duke of Burgundy had -given to his nephew, the count de Nevers, on his marriage, the lands -and castlewicks of Peronne, Mondidier, and Roye, to enjoy during his -life, or until they were redeemed for thirty-two thousand crowns of -gold, or till he should have other lordships of, equal value to these -castlewicks. The count maintained, that he held them in perpetuity, by -grants from the king and the duke of Burgundy within a short time after -he had entered upon them. But the count de Charolois said, that they -now no longer belonged to the count de Nevers, he having since then -received other and more valuable lordships, namely, the counties of -Rethel and Nevers, with other lordships; from which he concluded that -the duke, his father, was entitled to have the three before-mentioned -castlewicks restored to him,--since, moreover, when his father had -given them to the count de Nevers, it was without his consent, who was -his only son and heir. The duke of Burgundy maintained, that he had -only given these lands until they were redeemed, or until superior or -equal lands should fall to the count de Nevers,--and that, if the count -had deeds containing different terms, they were drawn up without his -signature or seal. - -The lord de Saveuses had exerted himself so effectually with the count -de Charolois that it was generally believed that the quarrel between -him and the count de Nevers would speedily be accommodated; but the -intelligence that he had thrown into Peronne a large body of men at -arms broke off the whole negotiation. - - - - -CHAP. XXXVII. - - THE COUNT DE CHAROLOIS TAKES LEAVE OF THE DUKE OF BURGUNDY, AND - MARCHES HIS ARMY AND ARTILLERY TOWARD FRANCE.--HE CROSSES THE RIVER - SOMME, AND SUBJECTS TO HIS OBEDIENCE THE TOWNS OF NEELLE[38], - ROYE[39], AND MONDIDIER[40].--HE BESIEGES BEAULIEU[41], AND CROSSES - THE OISE. - - -On the 15th of May, the count de Charolois, hearing that his armies in -Flanders and in Burgundy were quite ready to march, took leave of the -duke his father at Brussels, who is reported to have thus addressed -him: 'My son, act well your part in the business you are going upon, -and take care of your health: prefer death to flight; and should you be -in danger, you shall not long remain therein, if one hundred thousand -more warriors can relieve you.' - -The count, on taking his leave, went to lie at Quênoy in Hainault, -where two embassies were waiting for him: one from Brittany, and one -from the king of France. Of this last, the bishop of Mans, brother -to the count de St Pol, was the chief; but they had not any great -success,--and that from Brittany was soon dismissed. - -On the morrow, the count advanced to Honnecourt, between Crevecœur and -St Quentin, where he waited for his artillery, which was astonishingly -numerous; for two hundred and twenty-six carriages had passed through -Arras, from the castle of Lille, full of bombards, serpentines, -crapaudeaux, mortars, and other artillery, besides other carriages with -military stores from Brabant and Namur, that passed through Cambray. -From Honnecourt, the count went to Roseil, two leagues from Peronne, -where he staid some days, with all his army and artillery, from which -conduct those in Peronne expected to be besieged,--but he had formed -different plans. On the 4th of June, the count moved with his army from -Roseil toward Bray sur Somme, when the inhabitants came out to offer -him the keys of their town. The count de St Pol and the bastard of -Burgundy then crossed the river with their men, and advanced to Neelle -in the Vermandois, and made pretence of an instant assault, when it -was surrendered, on condition that eight men at arms, who were within -it, should depart in safety, with their horses and arms, and that the -archers, amounting to about six score, should march away in their -doublets or jackets, each with a wand in his hand. The lord de Neelle, -however, who was found therein, was detained a prisoner. - -The lord de Hautbourdin, bastard to the count de St Pol, marched a -body of men at arms and archers to the town of Roye, which they made -a similar pretence of attacking; but the inhabitants, fearful of the -event, surrendered the place to him for the count de Charolois. On -their entrance, they found there the countess of Nevers, to whom they -offered neither insult nor injury, but afforded her every facility to -retire whither she pleased. A few days after, she went to Compiègne, -under the escort of the lord de Ravenstein and five or six hundred -combatants. - -Those of Mondidier surrendered their town, two or three days after, -to the count de Charolois, in which was Hugh de Mailly lord de -Boullencourt, a valiant and hardy knight, who had always been attached -to the house of Burgundy, and he remained governor of the place with -the approbation of the inhabitants,--for this town had ever been of the -Burgundy-party. - -While these towns were surrendering to the count de Charolois, the -count de Nevers, fearing he should be besieged in Peronne, departed -thence with Joachim Rohault marshal of France, the lord de Moy, and -about two thousand combatants, thinking to enter the city of Noyon; -but that was not so soon effected, nor until they had promised that -their whole troop should not enter, and that they would not do, or -suffer any mischief to be done to the inhabitants. Nevertheless, they -all entered, and did mischief enough. It happened, that as some of the -townsmen were lowering down the portcullis of the gate, it fell on a -man at arms and killed him. - -About the 15th of June, the count de Charolois left Roye, to besiege -the castle of Beaulieu, a strong place belonging to the lord de Neelle. -In the castle was a good garrison, who burnt the best part of the town -round the castle, which was a pity, for the castle was afterward so -battered by cannon that the garrison were glad to surrender on St John -Baptist's day, on having their lives and baggage spared. During this -siege, the lord de Hautbourdin found means to cross the Oise with a -body of men in boats, and entered the town of Pont St Maixence before -the inhabitants knew any thing of his coming. This body was part of the -van of the count's army, under the command of the count de St Pol. The -count de Charolois was with the main body,--and the bastard of Burgundy -commanded the rear. - -FOOTNOTES: - -[Footnote 38: Neelle,--a town of Picardy, three leagues from Roye.] - -[Footnote 39: Roye,--a strong town, seven leagues from Peronne.] - -[Footnote 40: Mondidier,--nine leagues from Amiens.] - -[Footnote 41: Beaulieu,--near Noyon, in Picardy.] - - - - -CHAP. XXXVIII. - - THE COUNT DE CHAROLOIS PASSES THE RIVER OISE, ADVANCES TO SAINT DENIS, - AND DRAWS UP HIS ARMY IN BATTLE-ARRAY BEFORE PARIS.--THE COUNT DE - SAINT POL GAINS POSSESSION OF THE BRIDGE OF SAINT CLOUD, AND CROSSES - THE SEINE WITH HIS DIVISION OF THE COUNT'S ARMY. - - -When the count de Charolois heard that his van were in possession of -Pont St Maixence, he advanced the remainder of the army thither, in -order to cross the Oise. The inhabitants paid him every obedience, -as lieutenant-general to the duke of Berry; and the count had it -proclaimed in the name of the duke of Berry, whose lieutenant-general -he styled himself, that he abolished all taxes, impositions and -subsidies whatever, as he had before done at Mondidier, and in the -other towns he passed through, to the great joy of the people. - -The count entered the town of Pont St Maixence on the feast-day of St -Peter and St Paul, and remained there for some days. He thence marched -to St Denis, where he was joyfully received, as well in the name of the -duke of Berry as in his own, for they could not make any resistance to -him. He waited there, and between St Denis and Paris, with his whole -army, the remainder of the month of June, for the arrival of the dukes -of Berry, of Brittany, of Calabria, of Nemours, of Bourbon, and the -other lords, who had mutually promised each other to meet there. The -count, finding that none came, and that the time was elapsed for the -meeting, and that his Burgundians, whom he daily expected, had not -joined him, because the king's army kept them constantly in check, on -the 8th day of July assembled his army, and marched in battle-array so -near to Paris that they were plainly seen from the walls. To say the -truth, considering the smallness of their numbers, it was the proudest -army that could be seen. - -Joachim Rohault left Paris to examine it the nearer, having kept on -its flanks all the way from Beaulieu and other parts, to make an -attack if he should espy a favourable opportunity, but found them -always so well prepared that he dared not venture to attack them; and -he was now forced to make a hasty retreat, to escape the light troops -of the count,--for he would have been completely surrounded by them, -had he not so speedily re-entered Paris. Instantly after his entrance, -the count fired off two or three serpentines over the town which -exceedingly frightened the inhabitants. - -The count then, placing himself at the head of the three divisions of -his army, halted near a windmill close by the town, which made those -within Paris suppose an attack was about to commence; but it was not -so, for, in like manner as he had done to other towns, he informed -them, that his only object was the good of the kingdom,--that he had -come thither at the prayer and request of the duke of Berry, who -had promised to join him very shortly, and that his speedy arrival -showed his eagerness to serve him. He added, that whatever the duke -of Berry should do would be solely for the general welfare, and then -summoned them to surrender to him as lieutenant-general to the duke of -Berry,--but they would no way comply. - -When Joachim Rohault had entered Paris, he met in the streets a canon -from Amiens, called Jacques de Villiers, who, having finished his -business there, was desirous to return. Joachim asked him whence he -came, and whither he wanted to go: he replied, that he was from Amiens, -and wanted to go back. Joachim then made him swear, that he would tell -the count de Charolois, that he, Joachim, had lately received letters -from the king of France, to signify to him for certain, that within -four days the king would be returned to Paris, and would advance to -meet the count, when it would be seen which was the stronger. - -The canon kept his promise, and told the count, word for word, what -Joachim had ordered him, while he halted at the windmill. The count -replied, that he put no belief in what Joachim said, for before this he -had told him things that were untrue. - -Having displayed his force before Paris, the count marched his army to -where the fair of the Lendit had been held, the booths for which were -still standing, and had it surrounded by his baggage-waggons, of which -he had an immense number, as well for the service of his artillery as -that belonging to the other lords who had accompanied him. While the -army was thus posted, the count de St Pol, commander of the van, saw a -large boat full of hay going to Paris, which having taken, and emptied -of the hay, he entered it, with the whole of his men, and passed over -to gain possession of the bridge of St Cloud, which was surrendered by -those who guarded it, on having their lives and fortunes spared. - -The count de Charolois, on hearing this, ordered the whole of his army -to advance thither, cross the Seine, and march for Estampes, in the -hope of meeting there the dukes of Berry and of Brittany, who could not -pass the Seine by reason of the king's army that was following them. -The count crossed the Seine on the 15th of July; and, this same day, -the count de St Pol advanced the whole of the van to Montlehery, where -he fixed his quarters. Montlehery had a good castle, in which were a -party of the royal army,--but neither party seemed inclined to attack -the other. The count de Charolois remained with his, that night, within -one league of Montlehery; and the bastard of Burgundy, who had the -command of the rear division, was quartered in the rear of the count, -two leagues from Montlehery. - -The count de St Pol sent off scouts from Montlehery, as far as -Chastres, three leagues on the road to Estampes, who met messengers -from the king to the Parisians, ordering them to be prepared on the -morrow to assist him in battle against the count de Charolois. These -messengers were brought to the count de St Pol, and assured him that -the king and his whole army were at this hour (eleven o'clock at night) -at or near to Chastres. On hearing this, the count dislodged from -Montlehery, and posted his division lower down, in a valley more toward -Paris, and sent information of what the messengers had related to the -count de Charolois, that he might instantly advance, or send him orders -how to act, for that the king would certainly give him battle the next -morning at daybreak. The count, having called a council, immediately -after decamped to join the count de St Pol, and sent orders for sir -Anthony of Burgundy to hasten the advance of the rear as much as -possible, which he did, so that the count de Charolois, and his brother -the bastard of Burgundy, formed a junction with the count de Saint Pol -on the 16th day of July, in the valley below Montlehery, by sunrise, -and there drew up in battle-array, to wait the arrival of the king of -France. - -The king, who had been engaged in the Bourbonnois, where he had taken -several places, and destroyed much of the country, was informed, while -there, of the conduct of the princes in raising forces, and held an -army in readiness to oppose them. He was fearful lest the army from -Brittany should join that of Burgundy, and thus become too strong and -dangerous to combat; in consequence, he called the principal captains -of his army to a council of war, to ask their opinion, whether he -should first offer battle to his brother and the Bretons, or to the -count de Charolois. Although their opinions were divided, the majority -were for fighting the count de Charolois first; for if he succeeded in -overpowering his army, he could with ease conquer his brother and the -Bretons at any time, and even all the other lords of the confederacy; -and it was the more advisable to fight now before the count was joined -by the burgundian army, that had been kept in check, by a detached -force from the army of the king. Notwithstanding the majority were -for fighting the count de Charolois, the lord de Varennes, seneschal -of Normandy, declared loudly against it. He said that he was of a -contrary opinion, because he knew that the count de Charolois was not -of a character to retreat, nor give up any point,--and that he was -so much beloved by the Picards, and the others who formed his army, -and who had been accustomed to war, that they would never desert him -while they were alive: he was, therefore, for fighting the duke of -Berry first, because he had with him some of the great captains who -had served the late king Charles VII., and who, when they saw the king -advancing in person, would not have the heart to combat against him, -but most probably would turn to his side, and the remainder would be -at his mercy. The seneschal was told, that his advice was the effect -of fear; but he replied, that it was not,--and he would show plainly, -if a battle took place, that he was not afraid, and that what he had -said was purely from loyalty, in advising the king to the best of his -abilities. - - - - -CHAP. XXXIX. - - THE KING DETERMINES TO COMBAT THE COUNT DE CHAROLOIS.--A BATTLE TAKES - PLACE BELOW MONTLEHERY.--THE EVENT OF IT. - - -When the king had heard the opinions of his commanders, although they -were various, he eagerly determined to combat the count de Charolois, -and ordered all, under pain of death, to follow him. He made such -diligence that, on the 14th of July, he marched his army, as well by -day as by night, twenty-four leagues, and lay at Estampes. On the -morrow, he advanced to Chastres, three leagues from Montlehery. On -his march, he passed within seven or eight leagues of the army of the -dukes of Berry and of Brittany, ignorant that his messengers, whom he -had sent to Paris, were made prisoners, or that the count de Charolois -was so near him. The king dislodged from Chastres on the 16th, before -sunrise, and soon arrived near to Montlehery, whence he saw the enemy -drawn up in battle-array below in the valley. - -The king instantly formed his army into three divisions: the van was -given to the command of the seneschal of Normandy, the son of the lord -de Norenton, the lord de Barbasan, Malortie, Flocquet Salzart, and -other captains: the main body was commanded by the king in person, -attended by many of his great lords: and the rear division, consisting -of seven or eight hundred men at arms, was given to the count du Maine: -so that the king had in his three divisions, as was commonly reported, -two thousand two hundred men at arms, or lances, the best appointed -that ever men at arms were, for they consisted of the flower of the -king of France's forces. There were also great bodies of archers and -infantry, besides many that were ill mounted, and on foot, who had -remained behind, but who always followed the train of the king. - -The count de Charolois, observing the manner in which the royal army -had been drawn up, formed his own into three divisions also. The first -was under the count de St Pol,--the second he reserved to himself,--and -the bastard, his brother, commanded the third; but he ordered them -all into the line, closing his rear with the baggage-waggons, and -pointing his artillery in their front. He ordered his archers to plant -a sharp stake before them, to check the charge of the cavalry, if they -should attempt to break their line,--and in this state they waited -the attack of the king. This was not, however, the case; for the two -armies remained, without moving, in their different positions for four -hours, excepting some slight skirmishes of the light troops, who were -within cross-bow shot of each other. As part of the count's army was -too distant from the artillery, it was proposed by some to make their -horses fall back, keeping their fronts to the enemy; but the lord de -Hautbourdin disapproved of this manœuvre, and said, that were he to -retire one step from the place where he was, it would be dangerous and -disgraceful to him, and give the enemy courage to advance. In the mean -time, different pieces of artillery were played off on both sides, to -the destruction of numbers. - -At length, the count de Charolois, fearful of the Parisians suddenly -appearing to aid the king, and, by falling on his rear, attack him on -all sides, and that, if he delayed the combat, his men would be starved -from want of provision, consulted his principal officers, and resolved -to begin the attack. They began their march in excellent order: one -division by the side of a wood, the other by the village, and the -center having the wood on its rear. The French, seeing this movement, -made part of their army advance also, in front of the count's division, -and crossed a ditch near the village; but the count's archers attacked -them so fiercely with their arrows that they were glad to recross it, -the count pursuing them into the village for some distance, having his -banner beside him, which was borne that day by the lord du Boys. - -While this was passing, and the count had appointed a large body of -archers, with a certain number of men at arms to defend them, and -to guard the passage against three or four hundred french lances, -who were stationed at a breach waiting for an opportunity to break -through the archers and attack the count's artillery, it happened -that the men at arms, observing the French were repulsed, and that -the count was pursuing them even into the village, left their guard -and galloped after the count, when the French seeing the archers -without any to support them, and neglectful of their stakes, charged -them like lightning, and killed or wounded the greater part, which -was the severest loss the count suffered on that day. Having routed -these archers, the French advanced toward the baggage and artillery, -and killed some more, and also made several prisoners; but those who -guarded the baggage, armed with leaden mallets, rallied as soon as they -could, and turning the carriages round, inclosed these French within -them, so that they could not issue out,--and the greater part were -knocked on the head with these leaden mallets. Those that did escape -having made for the village, met the count and his men returning from -it, who instantly charged them, and put the remainder to death,--so -that all these French were slain, either by the baggage-guard or by the -count's party, notwithstanding that a body of French had followed the -count, and had gallantly fought with him. - -At this return from the village, Philippe d'Oignies[42] was slain by -the side of the count, who was wounded himself in the face, and in -great danger of having his throat cut in the confusion of the fight; -for when the count had driven the French through the village, the whole -rear-guard of the king's army, under the command of the count du Maine -and the admiral of France, fled, together with others, to the amount -of seven or eight hundred lances,--and they had fled with such haste -that they left behind them baggage and armour, although no one was -pursuing them. The lord du Boys, observing this, had eagerly advanced -with the count's banner, beyond the village, thinking that he was -following him, and was made prisoner,--for the count had returned, as -has been said, from the village. - -On the other hand, when those from Busse had overcome the count's -archers, more than a fourth part of his army took to their heels, -namely, the lord de Haplaincourt, the lord d'Aymeries, the lord -d'Inchy, the lord de Robodenghes, and several more; but when this last -had fled about two leagues, he met a herald, who told him that the -count had the best of the battle,--upon which, he returned, and made a -great many others do the same, who joined the count very opportunely, -for he was incessantly rallying his men, and fighting more valiantly -than any other knight in the field, encouraging his people by telling -them that he would conquer or die--so that, by his valour and -exhortations, the van of the king's army was routed and the rear put to -flight. - -In this conflict, and at its very commencement, were slain on the -king's side, the high seneschal of Normandy, Flocquet, Geoffroy La -Hire, and other valiant men at arms, to the number of three or four -hundred lances. On the part of the count were slain, the lord de -Hames, sir Philip de Lalain, and a few more men at arms, but very many -archers,--and there were prisoners made on each side. - -The king encouraged his men to the utmost of his power, and showed -great personal courage; but when he saw his men repulsed, he retreated -to the village,--while the count remained on the field, rallying his -men, and forming them in proper array, for he was expecting every -moment that the king would renew the combat. But this he did not do, -and remained in the village from eight o'clock, when the battle ended, -until sunset, more vexed than can well be imagined, making inquiries -after such as had remained with him, and after those who had run -off,--when, on summing up their numbers, he found that those who had -fled greatly exceeded those who had staid with him. - -Very many of the count's men had hidden themselves in the hedges and -wood, but returned, by two and three at a time, and joined their army, -which had kept together, expecting the battle would be renewed. In -truth, this battle was very hazardous to both parties,--and we must -allow, that it was through the mercy of God that the count de Charolois -obtained the victory, for his army was not nearly so numerous as that -of the king; and had none ran away on either side, the event would have -been more disastrous and mortal,--but God, of his goodness, would not -suffer it, for which may his Name be praised! - -In a very melancholy state did the king of France remain in the village -until sunset, and thence went for Corbeil, six leagues distant, and -arrived there at ten o'clock at night with few attendants, for the -greater part of them had fled; and although no pursuit was made after -them, many fled as far as Amboise, saying, in every place through -which they passed, that the king was killed, and his army totally -defeated. - -FOOTNOTES: - -[Footnote 42: Philippe d'Oignies. 'Some call him Gilles. He was lord of -Brouay and of Chaunes, son to Anthony and Jane de Brimeu, and grandson -to Baudouin d'Oignies, governor of Lille, Douay and Orchies, and of -Peronne. He married Antoinette de Beaufort, by whom he had Philippe -d'Oignies, father to Louis, knight of the king's orders, and count de -Charnes.'--_Godefroy._] - - - - -CHAP. XL. - - THE CONDUCT OF THE COUNT DE CHAROLOIS AFTER THE VICTORY HE HAD GAINED - OVER THE KING OF FRANCE.--THE CONSEQUENCES OF IT IN DIVERS PLACES. - - -The count de Charolois remained with his army all night on the field of -battle, thinking the king was in Montlehery, and that he would renew -the battle the ensuing day. It was not until sunrise that he heard of -the king's departure, when he entered the village with his army, and -found the cellars filled with dead bodies, which the royalists had -thrown therein, that the numbers of their dead might not be known. - -Before the commencement of the battle, the king had sent three heralds -to Paris, who, on their arrival there about mid day, summoned the -people to arms throughout the city,--and ordered every person capable -of bearing arms to march without delay to Montlehery to assist -the king, who was engaged in battle with the count de Charolois. -Notwithstanding this proclamation, very few marched out, but Joachim -Rohault, marshal of France, who was then in Paris, with five or six -hundred men at arms. They indeed sallied out on horseback, and advanced -to St Cloud, which they found defenceless; for those who had been -posted there by the count de Charolois had fled on seeing the lords -de Haplaincourt and d'Aymeries, with others in great numbers, who -told them that the count had been defeated. The marshal, therefore, -took possession of the place without resistance, and made prisoners -all who fled that way from the battle, and carried them to Paris. The -burgundian lords above mentioned thought to have crossed the Oise -at the Pont de St Maixence; but they found there the lord de Mouy, -governor of Compiègne, with the garrisons of Creil, Senlis, Clermont, -Crespy, and other places, in great numbers, who had assembled there -on hearing that the king had gained the victory, and had besieged the -bridge on the side leading to Montlehery. - -The inhabitants of Pont St Maixence firmly believing that the king was -victorious, from the flight of the above-named lords who had gained -the town, surrendered, on having their lives spared, at the very first -attack. The lords d'Aymeries, d'Inchy, and several more, were taken -in the town: the lord de Haplaincourt was made prisoner in the open -country, and carried to Paris,--and no man of note who had fled escaped -death or imprisonment: only some poor adventurers were so lucky as -to get off without either happening to them, but in very miserable -conditions. Of those that were carried to Paris, several were executed, -or drowned in the Seine. - -At the attack on St Maixence, a gentleman of the king's party, called -Jeannet de Grouches, whose brother was with the count de Charolois, was -killed by a ball from a cannon. - -When the count de Charolois was assured that the king had retreated -to Corbeil, he caused proclamation to be made, by sound of trumpet, -that if any one required a renewal of the battle, he was ready to -accommodate him: he then had the dead buried,--and had the bodies of -sir Philip de Lalain, the lord de Harnes, the lord de Varennes, and -others, interred in a chapel near to Montlehery; but, soon afterward, -some persons came from Paris with passports, to demand of the count -the body of the lord de Varennes, and, with his permission, carried -it to Paris, where it was handsomely interred in the church of the -Franciscans. He was very much lamented by all who were acquainted with -his many excellent qualities. - -After the king had remained a day or two at Corbeil, he went to Paris, -on the 18th of July,--and he came thither by the side of the river, -near to St Denis, attended by a small company, not consisting of more -than about one hundred horse; but soon after, and daily, there came to -him, in Paris, the count du Maine, admiral of France, and his other -captains, with men at arms in such abundance that the town and the -fields on the river side were full of them. The count de Nevers came to -the king at Paris, but staid a very short time, and then returned to -Peronne. - -When the king had sojourned some time in Paris, he sent the bishop -of Paris, a wise and prudent prelate, to the count de Charolois, to -negotiate a peace between the king and the princes. On the bishop's -appearing before the count, he said, that the king had sent to know -what had moved him to enter his kingdom with so large an army; and -that the king informed him, that when he went into the countries of -his father, he was not accompanied by a great army, but by very few -attendants. The count instantly replied to the bishop, and said, that -two things had moved him thus to enter the kingdom: first, to keep -the engagement made under his seal with the other princes of the -blood-royal, namely, to meet together with their forces near Paris, -for the general welfare of the kingdom, on St John Baptist's day last -past. Secondly, to secure the bodies of two men who were supported in -the kingdom,--and that he had brought so large an army with him for -the safety of his person, which, in his proper country, as heir to his -father, had been attempted by poison, by the sword, and by endeavouring -to carry him off to a foreign country: he therefore had determined to -come with a sufficient guard for his safety. In answer to what the king -had said, that, when he visited his father, he did not come with a -large army, he replied, that at that time he had not the power to come -with such a force; and that he had been received nobly, magnificently, -and peaceably in those countries, where no attempts had been permitted -to be made against his life or personal liberty, although such had been -intended. - -The count added, that he had not entered France with any design of -mischief, but for its general welfare, and had strictly enjoined his -men to pay for whatever they might want, without aggrieving any one. -'In regard,' continued he, 'to the force I have brought with me, I wish -it to be known to all, that I am a man able and desirous to punish my -enemies, and to assist my friends.' - -The bishop, having received this answer, returned to the king at Paris. - - - - -CHAP. XLI. - - THE DUKES OF BERRY AND OF BRITTANY MEET THE COUNT DE CHAROLOIS AT - ESTAMPES, WHERE THEY ARE ALSO JOINED BY THE DUKES OF BOURBON, OF - CALABRIA, AND OF NEMOURS, WITH THE COUNT D'ARMAGNAC AND OTHERS OF - THEIR CONFEDERATION.--THE KING OF FRANCE LEAVES PARIS FOR ROUEN. - - -The count de Charolois, having remained on the field of battle, and in -Montlehery, so long as he pleased, marched his army toward Estampes, to -wait for the dukes of Berry and of Brittany, who arrived there the 21st -of July, with ten thousand combatants and others well appointed. The -count de Charolois advanced to meet them, and great joy was there on -this event. They afterward entered Estampes together. - -While these things were passing, the count de Charny, who had left -Burgundy with fifty lances to aid the count de Charolois, would not -put himself under the orders of the marshal of Burgundy, commander -in chief of that army, and took a route for himself. He was watched -by a detachment from the king's army, and made prisoner,--but his men -escaped, and saved themselves as well as they could. - -About eight days after the arrival of the dukes of Berry and Brittany -at Estampes, the dukes of Bourbon and Nemours, with the count -d'Armagnac came thither with a fine army,--and were soon after followed -by the duke of Calabria with a handsome company, among whom were some -Suisses, unarmed, but bold and enterprising. At length, the marshal of -Burgundy arrived with six hundred burgundian lances, many dagger-men, -but few archers. All these lords would have come sooner, had they been -able; but they were so closely followed by the king's army that they -were afraid to hazard the event: it must likewise be supposed that -they were now more emboldened to attempt a junction, as the count de -Charolois had opened a passage for them. - -They now took the road toward the provinces of Beauce and Gâtinois, for -the more easy procuring forage,--and all the towns through which they -passed opened their gates to the duke of Berry. On the other hand, the -king went from Paris to Rouen, to recruit his army, and to put under -arms all his vassals, and every sort of person capable of assisting him -against the rebellious princes. - -After the confederates had refreshed themselves in Beauce and in -Gâtinois, they were daily hoping the king would advance and offer them -battle; but finding that he was gone to Rouen, they made a bridge at -Moret,[43] and crossed the Seine,--then, marching through Brie, passed -the Marne by the bridge of Charenton, and quartered themselves near -to Paris. The dukes of Berry and Brittany were lodged at Charenton; -the count de Charolois in the castle of the count de St Pol at -Conflans,--and the van division was posted between Conflans and Paris, -while the bastard of Burgundy was quartered with the rear division -between Conflans and Charenton. - -The dukes of Berry and Brittany afterwards moved their quarters from -Charenton to St Maur and Beauté, and round the wood of Vincennes, on -the side next the river. The duke of Calabria, with the others, namely, -the Burgundians, the Armagnacs and the Nemours, remained in Brie, on -the opposite side of the river,--and they might amount to about five -thousand combatants. - -During these movements, the count de Charolois regained possession of -the bridge of St Cloud, which the royalists had abandoned immediately -after the battle of Montlehery. He then caused Lagny sur Marne to -be taken, and bridges thrown over the river, for the more easy -communication of the two divisions of the army, and to besiege Paris, -in which was the count du Maine and other captains; but their men were -so numerous that they were quartered in the villages on the other side -of the Seine, and in blockhouses and small forts which they had erected -for quarters. - -On these bridges being completed, a detachment of the princes' army -crossed the river, and advanced so near to Paris that there was but a -ditch between them and the royalists, when frequent skirmishes took -place, in which many on each side were often killed, wounded, or made -prisoners. Among others was slain the son of sir Simon de Lalain, much -regretted by the count de Charolois's army. - -One day, the princes summoned the town of Paris to surrender, and open -its gates to the duke of Berry, regent of France, otherwise they would -destroy all their vineyards, houses, and villages, round about, and -then attack the town with their whole force. The Parisians required -a short delay to give their answer; during which, they sent off -intelligence of this summons to the king at Rouen, and to signify to -him, that, unless he would come to their relief, they would be obliged -to surrender. - -The king, on receiving this news, collected as many men as he hastily -could, and made such diligence that he entered Paris the 28th of -August. Three days after, he sent the bishop of Paris, with others of -his council, and great lords, to the princes, who procured from them -a truce for some days; during which, a place was appointed between -Paris and Conflans to hold a conference,--and a handsome tent was -there pitched for the reception of the deputies on each side, that -they might consider on the best means to bring forward a treaty to the -satisfaction of all parties. - -FOOTNOTES: - -[Footnote 43: Moret,--a town of Gâtinois, on the river Loing, about a -league from the Seine.] - - - - -CHAP. XLII. - - THE VARIOUS ACCOUNTS OF THE SUCCESS OF THE BATTLE OF MONTLEHERY THAT - WERE REPORTED IN DIVERS PLACES. - - -Of those who fled from the battle of Montlehery at the beginning of the -engagement, and could not know the event, some crossed the river Oise, -and proclaimed that the count de Charolois had been totally routed: -others passed by Compiègne, one of whom told the count de Nevers, that -indeed the van of the royal army had been thrown into confusion at the -beginning, but that the king was victorious,--and that the count de -St Pol and the lord de Hautbourdin were slain. He said, that he was -ignorant whether the count de Charolois or his brother, the bastard, -were killed or taken. - -This news was immediately written to the duke of Burgundy, by the -governor of Mondidier; and as the messenger passed through Arras, -the intelligence of the count's defeat was soon spread all over the -country, which caused much sorrow and lamentation,--for they were -ignorant how to act. - -When the lord de Saveuses heard it at Corbie, he set out for Bray -sur Somme, and told the lord de Roubais, the governor, to guard it -well,--and, if he had not a sufficient garrison, he would send him -men enough. He then departed for Bapaumes, attended by about twenty -archers; but at first he was refused admittance, which so irritated him -that he said, if they did not instantly open the gate, he would enter -by force. On hearing this, they admitted him. This refusal surprised -many, for Bapaumes legally belonged to the duke of Burgundy, as part of -the county of Artois. - -From Bapaumes, the lord de Saveuses went to Arras, where he assembled -the inhabitants, and remonstrated with them on the necessity there -was for the well guarding the town, and to raise men for the defence -of the country, and succour their lord with the utmost possible -diligence,--offering, that if they would lend him twenty thousand -francs on the security of his lands, he would immediately employ them -to subsidize troops for the assistance of the count de Charolois, and -for the security of the country. Notwithstanding this generous offer, -he could not find any one that would lend him money on these or on -other terms: he, however, assembled as many men as he could,--so that -they amounted to four or five hundred, horse and foot, well equipped. - -For these exertions, the duke of Burgundy sent him letters-patent, -appointing him governor general of all Artois, and ordered the whole -of the towns within the castlewick of Lille to send to him every man -capable of bearing arms,--by which means, in less than fifteen days, he -had with him more than two thousand combatants, but the greater part -were infantry. - -The lords de Roubais, de Fosseux, and others who had the guard of Bray, -having heard of the proceedings of the lord de Saveuses, abandoned -Bray, and joined him, who blamed them much for having quitted their -garrison, so that several of them returned thither in less than eight -days, when different intelligence was brought them. - -The governor of Compiègne no sooner heard of the defeat of the count -de Charolois than he assembled a body of troops, and took the town of -Sainte Maixence, and thence went to attack Roye; but the lord du Fay, -the governor, defended it so valiantly that they made no impression, -and lost many of their men,--but on their marching off, they said they -would soon return again with a larger force. This caused the garrisons -of Roye and of Mondidier to send in haste to the duke of Burgundy for -succour,--when the lord de Saveuses sent them as many men as he could -spare, having detachments at Bray and elsewhere. - -While these things were passing, the rivers Seine and Oise were so -strictly guarded by the French that no one could cross them with -letters or baggage without being stopped and plundered by them,--so -that by this means no true intelligence of the battle of Montlehery was -known until some carmelite monks and preaching friars had passed these -rivers in a boat, and brought the real history of the event of this -engagement, by publishing that the count de Charolois had gained the -honour and victory! - - - - -CHAP. XLIII. - - THE KING OF FRANCE FORMS AN ALLIANCE WITH THE LIEGEOIS, TO MAKE WAR - ON THE DUKE OF BURGUNDY AND THE COUNT DE CHAROLOIS.--THEY BESIEGE THE - TOWN OF LUXEMBOURG. - - -A little before the battle of Montlehery, namely, in the month of June, -the king of France sent an embassy to the Liegeois, the ancient enemies -of the house of Burgundy, to conclude an alliance with them, that -they might make war on the duke of Burgundy and on his son the count -de Charolois. The terms of the treaty were, that, between the feasts -of Saint James and Saint Christopher, the Liegeois were to enter the -countries of Brabant and Namur, belonging to the duke of Burgundy, and -to do all the mischief they possibly could, as in times of war. The -king, on his part, was to assist them with two hundred men at arms, -each having three horses at the least, and invade Hainault,--promising -them, at the same time, never to make peace with the duke or his allies -without their assent, and without their being comprehended in the -treaty: for the fulfilment of this, it was commonly reported that the -king had given his engagement under his hand and seal. - -Of all these negotiations the duke of Burgundy was fully informed; and -about the 22d day of August, as the duke was mounting his horse in the -city of Brussels to go a-hunting, a herald delivered to him letters -from the Liegeois, containing, in substance, that they defied his son -the count de Charolois with fire and sword, and waited an answer. The -duke, after perusing the letters, gave them back to the messenger, and -bade him carry them to his son. - -Hearing this answer, the herald returned to Liege, and, shortly after, -came back with defiances from the Liegeois to the duke and to all -his allies. They were not long before they marched from Liege and -entered the duke's territories, committing every sort of mischief, -and advanced to lay siege to the town of Luxembourg. The duke, when -informed of these proceedings, sent in haste to his friends and allies, -namely, the dukes of Cleves and of Gueldres, his nephews, the count -of Nassau, the marquis of Rothelin, the count of Horne, and to others -bordering on the territories of Liege, who raised a large army, and the -duke himself would have gone personally to command it; but when the -Liegeois saw the power of the duke so great, notwithstanding the army -his son had in France, and that the king had failed in his engagement -to send two hundred lances to invade Hainault, they broke up their -siege, and marched back to Liege. - -During this time, the duchess of Cleves, daughter to the count de -Nevers, came to the duke of Burgundy at Brussels,--but three days -passed before he would see her. She was then admitted to his presence, -and, falling on her knees, with tears, most humbly implored him to take -pity on her father and on herself; for that, if her father was ruined, -she must also suffer, as well as her three fine sons by the duke of -Cleves; acknowledging, at the same time, that every thing her father -and herself possessed came from his bounty, who had educated and raised -them so high that it was notorious to every one. - -The duke was so much affected by this speech that his eyes were filled -with tears; but he replied, 'Your father has ungratefully repaid what -he has received from this house. I sent to tell him to depart from -Peronne, and to go into his county of Nevers, or into the Rethelois, -and there remain until I should have induced my son to be satisfied -with him,--but he has done neither, and has armed himself against my -lord of Berry, and against my son, doing every thing in his power -to oppose them. He keeps possession of my inheritances of Peronne, -Mondidier and Roye, as if they were absolutely his own; but it is not -so,--for he holds them for a sum of money, the repayment of which was -offered him, but he would not accept it. I know not if he intends -seizing my other inheritances in the same way; but he shall not have -them,--for, if it please God, I will guard them well.' On saying this, -he left the lady. - -Three or four days afterward, the duke of Cleves came to Brussels, to -speak with the duke, having left his troops in garrison on the borders -of Liege. He had not been with the duke for some time, on account of -these family quarrels. The good duke received him most kindly, and -entertained him handsomely, as he well knew how to do; for he had with -him the duchesses of Bourbon, of Cleves, of Gueldres, and other ladies. - -In the month of June of this year, about six score houses were burnt -in the town of Ardres; and it was commonly said, that it had been done -through the wickedness of persons sent thither by the chancellor or -others of the party of the king of France, and who were to attempt the -like throughout the dominions of the duke of Burgundy. Some of these -incendiaries were taken at St Omer, but the rest escaped out of the -country. - -It was full fifteen days after the battle of Montlehery, before the -duke of Burgundy received a true account of the event; for no one -dared to mention the reports until the event was certainly known, -lest he should have a relapse of his late illness, from which he was -not perfectly recovered. When, therefore, he was fully ascertained of -the truth, he sent a large sum of money to his son for the pay of his -troops, under the escort of the lord de Saveuses, accompanied by all -his men, as well cavalry as infantry. He brought it very safe to the -count at Conflans, in company with the lord de Hautbourdin, who had -been sent with a strong force, for greater security, to meet him at -Mondidier,--for the French had intended to attack and plunder him; but -on their junction, they durst not meet them. - -The lord de Saveuses, on approaching Conflans, drew up his men in -order of battle, and thus waited on the count, who received him most -joyfully, and took great pleasure in seeing the old warrior so well -and so handsomely armed,--telling him, that he would have given forty -thousand crowns if he had been with him at the battle of Montlehery. - - - - -CHAP. XLIV. - - THE INHABITANTS OF THE TOWN OF DINANT[44] INSULT THE COUNT DE - CHAROLOIS WITH MOCKERIES.--THE KING OF FRANCE MEETS THE COUNT DE - CHAROLOIS AT CONFLANS.--THE DUKE OF BOURBON TAKES THE TOWN OF ROUEN. - - -In the mean time, the inhabitants of Dinant, mortally hating the duke -of Burgundy and his son, trusting to the strength of their town, and to -their riches, and calling to remembrance, that, although they had been -besieged seventeen times by kings and emperors, the place had never -been taken, but that they had for a long time pillaged and robbed their -neighbours, more particularly the subjects of the duke of Burgundy, and -had increased their wealth daily by the riches they brought into the -town; foolishly believing in the first news brought them of the defeat -of the count de Charolois, determined in their folly to show their old -envenomed hatred to the house of Burgundy, by dressing up a resemblance -of the count de Charolois in his armour, and carrying it to the town of -Bovines hard by, which belonged to the duke of Burgundy as parcel of -the county of Namur. They were in great numbers, and in arms, and when -they were near to the walls of Bovines, they erected a gibbet, and hung -thereon this figure of the count de Charolois; shouting out to those in -the town, 'See here, the son of your duke! that false traitor the count -de Charolois, whom the king of France will have hanged as you see his -representative hanging here. He called himself the son of your duke: he -lied,--for he was a mean bastard, changed in his infancy for the son of -our bishop, the lord de Haisenberghe, who thought to conquer the king -of France.' Many other villainous expressions did they use against the -duke of Burgundy and his son, menacing their countries with fire and -sword. - -By this outrageous and childish conduct, they greatly offended the good -duchess of Burgundy, mother to the count de Charolois, who was alway -reputed to be the most modest and chaste woman that was in the land of -Portugal. When, therefore, these things were told to the duke and the -count de Charolois, they were much angered,--and the son swore, that -he would make them dearly pay for it, as indeed happened very shortly -after. - -While the confederated princes were surrounding Paris, the king left -the city in a boat, accompanied by about twenty persons, and rowed down -to Conflans, where the count de Charolois was posted. The count, on -hearing of the king's approach, went to meet him, when they embraced -each other like old and loving friends. A conversation ensued between -them; but I know not what passed, except that, shortly after, the -count wrote to his father, to say that the king had been to see him, -and had used very kind expressions in conversation. The king, on his -departure, told the count, that if he would come to Paris he would give -him a handsome reception; but the count replied, that he had made a vow -not to enter any great town until he was on his march home. He then -escorted the king back, attended by his archers, to whom the king gave -fifty golden crowns to drink together. - -During this truce, the lord de Croy and his friends were at Paris, -and laboured most diligently to make their peace with the count de -Charolois: even the king exerted himself greatly in their favour,--but -the count would not listen to nor hear talk of it, as the lord de Croy -had once accompanied the king to Conflans; but the count de Charolois -ordered him not to come thither again. The king made frequent visits -there; and several secret conversations passed between him and the -count, to whom the king showed the greatest appearance of affection -and regard, which the truest friend could show another, frequently -sending back to Paris his guards, and remaining with the count with few -attendants, saying, that he thought himself fully as safe when in his -company as if he were in the city of Paris. - -While these things were passing, it happened that the governor of the -castle of Boulogne sur mer, in conjunction with a sergeant, sold this -castle to the English of Calais and Guines, and was to give them -possession thereof on the 28th day of August, while they set fire -to the lower town, and during the confusion the English were to be -admitted. The sergeant, however, told their plan to a companion of his, -who betrayed them, and they were both instantly arrested, and, on the -fact being proved, were beheaded, the 2d day of September following, -and their bodies hung on a gibbet. - -It was these two who had found means to displace the son of the lord -de Croy from his command in the castle, and replace him with those -attached to the count de Charolois, who, on this account, had given -them all the effects of the said de Croy that were in the castle. He -had also promised them other great favours: nevertheless, they had -betrayed him also. - -In the month of August, in this year, king Henry VI. of England was -taken prisoner by a party of king Edward's. He was mounted on a small -poney, and thus led through the streets of London, when, according to -the orders of Edward, no one saluted or did him the least honour,--for -it had been forbidden, under pain of death. He was carried to the -tower of London, in the front of which was a tree, after the manner of -a pillory, round which he was led three times, and then confined in the -tower. This proceeding troubled many of the citizens of London,--but -they dared not show any signs of it, nor open their mouths on the -subject. - -Toward the end of September, the Bretons took the town of Pontoise, -during the night, by means of the governor and other accomplices. -The duke of Bourbon also entered the castle of Rouen with a body of -men at arms, under pretence, and in the name of the duke of Berry. -He placed therein the widow of the late lord de Varennes, in whom, -however, the king had great confidence,--and the principal persons in -the town had advised her going thither. Shortly after, the duke went -to the town-house, where the commonalty waited on him, and submitted -themselves to his obedience, on behalf of the duke of Berry, as their -lord and duke of Normandy. The duke then went to the other towns in -the duchy, as far as Caen, who all surrendered to him for the duke of -Berry. - -During this time, a destructive warfare was going forward in the -countries of the duke of Burgundy and Liege, which were alternately -overrun and plundered, more especially by those of Dinant,--so that it -was a pity to see the great mischiefs that ensued. Those from Dinant -were one day met by a party of Burgundians, who put them to the rout, -with great slaughter, and some little loss on their side. Those that -escaped made all haste back to Dinant, and, on their return thither, -to revenge themselves, ran to the town-prison, in which were three -burgundian prisoners, whom they led out, to hang them on the first tree -they should find without the town. One of them offered his vows to St -James the apostle, when the cord broke, and he escaped unhurt! Instead -of him, they seized a youth from Arras, the son of Martin Corneille, -as he was returning from his studies; and if some among them had not -remonstrated, that, instead of hanging him, they might force his father -to pay a large sum for his safety, he would infallibly have been put to -death. - -FOOTNOTES: - -[Footnote 44: Dinant,--a town of the bishoprick of Liege, on the Maes, -16 leagues from Liege.] - - - - -CHAP. XLV. - - THE DEATH OF THE COUNTESS DE CHAROLOIS.--THE COUNT DE NEVERS IS MADE - PRISONER IN THE CASTLE OF PERONNE.--THE LIEGEOIS ARE DISCOMFITED AT - MONTENAC.[45]--THE TREATY OF CONFLANS, BETWEEN THE KING OF FRANCE AND - THE CONFEDERATED PRINCES. - - -On the 25th day of September, in this year, the countess de Charolois -departed this life in the town of Brussels. She was the daughter of -the late duke of Bourbon, and a good and devout lady. She left behind -only one child, a daughter, named Mary, and had always the grace to be -humble, benignant, and full of the best qualities a lady could have, -and was never out of humour. The duchesses of Burgundy and Bourbon were -present at her decease, and were in great grief for her loss. - -A Burgundy-gentleman, named Arkembarc, had made frequent visits to the -count de Nevers, in Peronne, for the space of a month, having passports -from the lord de Saveuses and from the king: he had likewise been with -the count de Charolois and the duke of Burgundy, to find means for the -count de Nevers to surrender Peronne. It is to be supposed that there -was some secret treaty entered into between them,--for on the 3d day of -October, at four o'clock in the morning, the said Arkembarc accompanied -by the lords de Roubaix and de Frommeles, and from five to six hundred -combatants, advanced to Peronne as secretly as they could. - -When he came near the town, he left his companions, and, attended by -only twelve persons, approached the bulwark on the outside of the -castle, which he entered by scaling ladders, and making prisoners those -within, by their means entered the tower and dungeon of the castle. -They there found the count de Nevers, the lord de Sally, and some -others in bed, whom they laid hands on as day broke; but the count and -his companions began shouting so loud that they were heard in the town, -and the garrison hastily advanced in arms to enter the castle,--but -before this, from sixty to four score of the duke's men had followed -their companions into the castle, and, mounting the battlements, -harangued those below, declaring they were the duke of Burgundy's men, -who had sent them thither, and they now summoned them to surrender the -town to the duke. The garrison and townsmen retired apart, to confer -together, and, toward the evening, answered, that they were willing to -obey the duke, and opened their gates to the lord de Roubaix and all -his men. - -Thus was the town of Peronne taken, and restored to the obedience of -the duke of Burgundy. It was currently reported, that the count de -Nevers had wished it to be thus managed, that it might appear to the -king, to whom he had sworn allegiance, that it had been won without his -consent: it was also added, that it was upon this condition he had made -up the disagreements between him, the duke of Burgundy, and the count -de Charolois. Whatever truth may have been in these rumours, the count -de Nevers was carried a prisoner to Bethune, and Arkembarc remained -governor of the town and castle of Peronne. - -The 15th of this month of October, about five in the morning, the -heavens seemed to open, and the brightest light appeared, resembling a -bar of burning iron, of the length of a lance, which turned round, and -the end that was at first very thick became suddenly thin, and then -disappeared. This was seen, for more than a quarter of an hour, from -the town of Arras. - -On the 19th of the same month, about eighteen hundred combatants, on -the part of the duke of Burgundy, entered the territories of Liege, -under the command of the count de Nassau, the seneschal of Hainault, -the lords de Groothuse and de Gasebecque, sir John de Rubempré grand -bailiff of Hainault, and other knights and esquires. They burnt and -destroyed the whole line of their march until they came near to the -large village of Montenac, situated five leagues from the city of -Liege, and which the Liegeois had fortified and garrisoned with a force -of four thousand men, then within it. - -These Liegeois, observing the Burgundians march so near, without making -any attempt on the place because it was fortified, sallied out, and -posted themselves where the duke's men must pass, with the intent to -offer them combat. They surrounded themselves on all sides, except -the front, with their baggage-waggons,--and there they drew up their -artillery in a very orderly manner. - -The duke's men, observing their enemies thus posted, and ready for -battle, held a council, and determined to attempt drawing them from -their strong position, and, in consequence, pretended to retreat from -fear. The Liegeois seeing this manœuvre, and mistaking it for fear -of them, instantly quitted their post, and began to pursue them. But -matters turned out differently from what they had thought; for the -duke's men wheeled about, and instantly attacked them with such vigour -that they were immediately discomfited and put to flight, leaving dead -on the field more than twenty-two hundred men; and as the duke's party -lost but one archer, it was a splendid victory to them. - -During this time, the king of France remained in Paris, and the -confederate princes around it, while the negotiators on each side were -busily employed in establishing a treaty of peace between them. This -was at length accomplished, in manner following, which I shall relate -as briefly as I have been able to collect the articles. - -First, it was ordered, that to remedy the grievances of the realm, and -to ease the people from the heavy exactions they had borne, the king -should appoint thirty-six of the most able and discreet persons of his -realm, namely, twelve prelates, twelve knights, and twelve counsellors, -well informed as to law and justice, who should have full powers and -authority to inquire into the causes of the grievances complained of, -and to apply a sufficient and permanent remedy to prevent such in -future; and the king promised, on the word of a king, that he would put -into execution all that they should recommend on this subject. They -were to commence their examinations on the 15th day of the ensuing -December, and to finish the whole within forty days afterwards. - -Item, all divisions were now to be at an end,--and no one was to be -reproached for the part he had taken on either side, nor was any one -to suffer for his late conduct. Each person was to have restored to -him whatever had belonged to him before open hostilities commenced, -notwithstanding any acts to the contrary. - -Item, the count de Dunois was to be repossessed of all the lands the -king had taken from him. - -Item, the count de Dammartin was to have again his county of Dammartin, -and all other his lands which the king might have given away as -confiscated. - -Item, the count d'Armagnac was to have again the lands the king had -seized. - -Item, the duke of Bourbon was to have all his towns, castles, and -lands, which the king had conquered, restored to him; and he was, -besides, to receive an annual pension of thirty-six thousand francs, -on account of his marriage with the king's sister, and to be appointed -captain of the gens d'armes on the king's establishment. - -Item, in consideration of the king having failed in his engagements -with the duke of Calabria, respecting the conquest of Naples, he was -to receive the sum of two hundred thousand golden crowns, and to have -the command of three hundred lances of the gens d'armes on the king's -establishment. - -Item, the duke de Nemours was also to have the command of two hundred -of the said lances, and to be appointed governor of the Isle de France. - -Item, the count de St Pol was constituted constable of France; and the -king invested him with his sword of office, with his own hand, publicly -in the palace at Paris. - -Item, the duke of Berry, only brother to the king, was to have given -him, as his appanage, the duchy of Normandy, for him and the heirs-male -of his body, to hold in the same free manner as the dukes of Normandy -had anciently held the same from the kings of France; that is to say, -by fealty and homage; and thenceforward the dukes of Brittany and -Alençon should hold their duchies from the duke of Normandy, as they -had done in times passed. - -Item, the count de Charolois should have restored to him all the lands -which had been repurchased by the king from the duke his father, -together with the county of Guines, to be enjoyed by him and his -heirs-male, in the manner as shall hereafter be expressed. - -Item, the king promises, by this treaty, never to constrain any of -the said princes to appear personally before him, whatever summons he -may issue, saving on such services as they owe to the king on their -fidelity, and for the defence and evident welfare of the kingdom. - -Item, all such towns, castles, and forts as may have been taken during -these said divisions, on either side, shall be instantly restored to -their right owners, with all or any effects that may have been taken -from them. - -When these matters had been fully settled, each of the princes received -letters-patent from the king, confirming all the articles that -concerned each personally. - -FOOTNOTES: - -[Footnote 45: Montenac,--a village of Messin, near Metz.] - - - - -CHAP. XLVI. - - A ROYAL EDICT RESPECTING WHAT THE KING OF FRANCE HAD CONCEDED TO THE - COUNT DE CHAROLOIS BY THE TREATY OF CONFLANS. - - -'Louis, &c. Whereas by the advice and deliberation of our said brother -of Normandy, and of our very dear and well beloved cousins the dukes of -Brittany, Calabria, Bourbon, Nemours,--the counts du Maine, du Perche, -and d'Armagnac,--the presidents of our court of parliament, and other -able and well informed persons of our realm, we have given, conceded, -and yielded up, and by these presents do give, concede, and yield up to -our said brother and cousin the count de Charolois, in consideration -and in recompence of what has been before stated, and also because our -said cousin has liberally and fully supported, as far as lay in his -power, our said brother, and the other princes of our blood, in the -settlement of the late divisions, and for the restoration of peace, -for him and his heirs, males and females, legally descended from him, -to enjoy for ever the cities, towns, fortresses, lands, and lordships, -appertaining to us on and upon each side of the river Somme,--namely, -Amiens, St Quentin, Corbie, Abbeville, together with the county -of Ponthieu, lying on both sides of the river Somme, Dourlens, St -Ricquier, Crevecoeur, Arleux, Montrieul, Crotoy, Mortaigne, with all -their dependances whatever, and all others that may have belonged -to us in right of our crown, from the said river Somme inclusively, -stretching on the side of Artois, Flanders, and Hainault, as well -within our kingdom as within the limits of the empire,--all of which -our said uncle of Burgundy lately held and was in the possession of, -by virtue of the treaty of Arras, prior to the repurchase we made of -them,--comprehending also, in regard to the towns seated on the Somme -on the side nearest our kingdom, the bailiwicks and sheriffdoms of -these said towns in the same form and manner as our said uncle was -possessed of them, to be enjoyed by our said brother and cousin, and by -their legal heirs, males and females, descending in a direct line from -them, together with all the revenues, domains, and taxes, in the same -manner as enjoyed by our said uncle, without retaining to ourself any -thing, excepting the faith, homage, and sovereignty, as lord paramount -of the same. - -'This mortgage we have made, and do make, in consideration of the -repayment of the sum of two hundred thousand golden crowns of full -weight, and of the current coin, and which neither we nor our -successors shall be enabled to recover again, by repayment of the -said two hundred thousand crowns, from our said brother and cousin -during their natural lives; but it may be lawful for us, or our -successors, to recover these lands from the direct heirs of our said -brother and cousin, or from their heirs descending in a direct line, -who may be in the possession of them, on paying back the said sum of -two hundred thousand crowns. For the security of our being enabled to -make such repurchase, our said brother and cousin shall deliver to us -letters-patent, in due form, for the better confirmation of the same; -and we will and understand that our said brother and cousin, and their -legal heirs, that may be in the possession of these territories, shall -have full powers to nominate and appoint, at their pleasure, all and -every officer that shall be necessary for the government and regulation -of these said towns and countries; and that such officers as shall be -necessary for the collecting of all royal taxes, aids, or impositions, -shall be nominated by us, at the recommendation of our said brother and -cousin, and their heirs, as was done during the time our said uncle of -Burgundy held these towns and countries. - -'Whereas, by the treaty of Arras, it was agreed, among other articles, -that the county of Boulogne should remain to our uncle of Burgundy, and -the heirs male of his body lawfully begotten,--and whereas our late -lord and father bound himself to recompense all who claimed any right -to it,--we, for the causes and considerations before mentioned, and -without derogating from the treaty of Arras, confirm the above article -respecting the county of Boulogne, and declare that our said brother -and cousin, their heirs, male or female, lawfully begotten by them, -shall hold, during their lives only, the said county of Boulogne, in -the form and manner specified in the treaty of Arras, and that they -may reap the same advantages from it as if it were their own proper -inheritance. And we engage to make those consent to the same, who may -claim any right to the said county, and give them such compensation -as we shall judge proper, so that our said brother, cousin, and their -heirs, shall have peaceable possession of the same. - -'We have also promised, and by these presents do promise, our said -brother and cousin, that we will cause to be frankly and freely -delivered up, as far as in us lies, and we restore, from this instant, -the castles, towns, castlewicks and provostships, of Peronne, Mondidier -and Roye, with all their dependances, discharged of whatever debts -or mortgages may have attached to them, in the same full manner as -they were given to our said uncle by our father, in consequence of -the treaty of Arras, to enjoy the same in like manner as they were -enjoyed before, according to that article in the said treaty; and we -will procure that our very dear and well beloved cousin the count de -Nevers, shall surrender to our said brother and cousin the right he -lays claim to respecting these towns, castles, &c. and that he shall -give possession of the same into the hands of our said brother and -cousin, or to any commissioners appointed by them. In addition, we have -likewise conveyed to our said brother and cousin the county of Guines, -as a perpetual inheritance for them, their heirs and successors, to -hold and enjoy all rights, taxes, and other emoluments within the same, -as and in like manner with the preceding. In respect to any claim on -this county made by the lord de Croy, or others who may pretend to -such, we engage to satisfy the said lord de Croy and the others, on -this head, and to assure to our said brother and cousin the possession -of the said county, free from all let or hinderance on the part of the -lord de Croy and all others. - -'All the above articles we have promised, and do now promise, -punctually to perform, on our royal word,' &c. - -This ordinance was published at Paris, on the 5th of October, in the -year 1465, under the great seal of France, and registered by the -parliament on the 11th of the same month. - -At the end of this ordinance, the king commands all his judges and -other officers to see that these engagements and conveyances are -carried into full and speedy effect,--and at the beginning of it were -stated the causes and reasons which had moved the king to make such -concessions to the count de Charolois. - -First, to recompense him for the very great expenses he had been at to -raise so great an army to join his brother, the duke of Berry, for the -welfare of the kingdom. - -Secondly, to appease the discords and divisions then existing between -the king and the princes of his realm, in which the count de Charolois -had greatly exerted himself. - -Thirdly, because, in consequence of these divisions, the Liegeois had -raised a considerable force, and had invaded the dominions of the duke -of Burgundy, and had done great mischiefs. - -Fourthly, respecting the repurchase of the towns and lands on the -Somme, that had been mortgaged to the duke of Burgundy, who considered -himself entitled to the enjoyment of this country, notwithstanding the -repurchase, and that the king had taken immediate possession of the -same. - -And, lastly, to recompense the count de Charolois for the pension of -thirty-six thousand francs, which the king had given him and afterward -taken from him. - -From all these considerations, the king had made such great concessions -to the count de Charolois by the treaty of Conflans; and, in -addition, at the request of the said count, the king had increased -the jurisdictions of the provostships of Vimeu, of Beauvoisis, and of -Fouilloy,[46] to avoid any disputes that might arise between the king's -officers and those of the count, as these provostships are included -within the bailiwick of Amiens, for the count and his heirs to enjoy -on similar terms with those before specified, by letters under the -great seal, dated Paris, the 14th day of the same month of October, and -enregistered by the parliament on the 16th. - -Thus were the quarrels between the king and the princes appeased.[47] - -FOOTNOTES: - -[Footnote 46: Fouilloy,--a village in Picardy, near Corbie.] - -[Footnote 47: When Louis XI. was asked, how he could make such -concessions, and sign a treaty so prejudicial to the interest of the -crown, he replied, 'that it was in consideration of the youth of my -brother of Berry,--of the prudence of my fair cousin of Calabria,--of -the sense of my brother-in law of Bourbon,--of the malice of the count -d'Armagnac,--of the great pride of my fair cousin of Brittany,--and of -the invincible army of my fair brother of Charolois.' - -_Proofs to Comines_, No. 65. - -The chamber of accounts protested against this treaty of Conflans. -There are many very curious papers respecting the history of this -period in the Proofs to the Memoires de Comines.] - - - - -CHAP. XLVII. - - THE KING IS PRESENT AT A REVIEW OF THE COUNT DE CHAROLOIS' ARMY.--THE - COUNT TAKES LEAVE OF THE KING, AND MARCHES HIS ARMY AGAINST THE - LIEGEOIS.--THE DUKE OF BERRY DOES HOMAGE TO THE KING FOR THE DUCHY OF - NORMANDY. - - -When this treaty was concluded between the king and the princes of -France, they one day assembled together in the castle of Vincennes, -wherein the lord de Saveuses was, for that day, lodged by orders -from the count de Charolois, when Charles, the newly-created duke of -Normandy, did homage to the king for that duchy; after which the other -princes did homage for what each had individually obtained from him in -lands or honours,--after which they took their leave of the king, and -of each other, to return to their homes. - -When these ceremonies were over, the count de Charolois made a review -of his men at arms and other troops, as the king wished to see -them,-and for this purpose they were drawn up between Conflans[48] and -Paris. The king, on seeing them, was astonished, and could not refrain -from saying, that he did not imagine the count de Charolois had been so -powerful, or had such handsome and well-appointed men at arms. - -The review being over, the count took leave of the king and the other -princes, and departed from Conflans, the last day of October, with -his whole army; but the king would accompany him, in spite of his -entreaties to return, as far as Villiers-le-bel.[49] The king had very -few attendants; but what was more, they remained together in this -village three or four days, making good cheer, and discoursing secretly -on their private affairs. The king showed the utmost possible affection -for the count, and it was with difficulty that he parted from him. - -At length the king returned, and the count proceeded to Senlis, wherein -he was most honourably received, and thence to Compiègne and Noyon, -where, and in all the other towns of France he passed through, the same -honours were shown him,--for such had been the king's orders, and he -was to be admitted with whatever company he pleased. He did enter with -such a large body that he was superior to any of their garrisons; but -his men paid regularly for every thing they wanted, without doing the -smallest damage,--for such were the count's commands, on pain of death -to all who should act to the contrary. - -While the count de Charolois was at Conflans, he received several -letters from the duke of Burgundy, to send him five or six thousand -combatants to join those whom he was collecting to march against the -Liegeois; for that his intention was to command them in person, and -offer the Liegeois battle, which made the count the more anxious to -leave France, to assist his father and revenge himself on those of -Dinant, who had insulted him so grossly, as has been before mentioned. - -In consequence of the treaty of Conflans, several of the lords of his -army had left him and disbanded their men; but he issued his summons -throughout the dominions of his father the duke, for those who had been -with him in France, and all others accustomed to bear arms, to John him -at Mezieres, on the Meuse,[50] the 15th day of November next, in arms, -and as well mounted as possible, under pain of corporal punishment and -confiscation of effects, whither the count marched with the remainder -of those who had accompanied him to France. On the day appointed, -the gens d'armes of the states of the duke of Burgundy appeared round -Mezieres; but several came thither much against their wills, for they -had been badly paid for their expedition to France: of the twenty-two -weeks they had there served, they were only paid for seventeen; but -they dared not complain, so much was the count redoubted and feared. - -There was now in and about Mezieres a larger and better appointed army -than had ever been in France; for the large towns under the dependance -of the duke sent thither archers and cross-bowmen,--and there repaired -thither several knights and esquires of those countries that had been -redeemed from the crown of France, and other warriors who had not been -of the late expedition, and even some who had been in the late quarrels -of the king's party against the count de Charolois. - -FOOTNOTES: - -[Footnote 48: Conflans--is on the Seine, six leagues from Paris.] - -[Footnote 49: Villiers-le-bel. Q. Villiers-le-basele? in the Isle of -France, near Paris.] - -[Footnote 50: Mezieres, on the Meuse,--a strong city in Champagne, five -leagues from Charleville.] - - - - -CHAP. XLVIII. - - THE ENTRY OF THE DUKE OF BERRY INTO ROUEN.--THE KING OF FRANCE GOES - INTO NORMANDY AND RETAKES POSSESSION OF THAT DUCHY.--HE CAUSES SOME - OF THE LORDS OF THAT COUNTRY, WHO HAD SUPPORTED HIS BROTHER, TO BE - EXECUTED AND DROWNED. - - -When the confederated princes had separated at Conflans, Charles the -new duke of Normandy, accompanied by the duke of Brittany, the count -de Dunois, and other lords, set out to visit his duchy of Normandy, -and went first to Mont St Catherine, above Rouen; for the whole of -the country, as has been said, had submitted to his obedience. He -was advised to make his public entry into Rouen on the feast of St -Catherine,--and the inhabitants had made great preparations for his -reception. - -The duke of Brittany, however, for some private reasons, had the entry -deferred, which much displeased the inhabitants of that town; and -finding that the duke had not given any orders for so doing, they -assembled in arms, and went to their new duke in a numerous body, to -request that he would instantly make his entry into their town. The -count de Harcourt, then his principal adviser and favourite, urged -him to comply with their request without farther delay; which he -assented to, whether the duke of Brittany would or not, and followed -the townsmen into Rouen, where he was grandly feasted, to the great -vexation of the duke of Brittany, who could not at that time prevent -it,--for he had not then his men at arms with him, and was forced to -dissemble. He was so much enraged that he departed for Brittany with -those he had with him; and, on going away, they carried off the bedding -and sheets of the good people where they had been lodged, as if they -had been in an enemy's country. - -They seized also some of the towns in Normandy, wherein the duke left a -party of his men to guard them,--and among others, he took possession -of the town and castle of Caen, where he placed a larger force to guard -and defend the castle. - -On these things coming to the king's knowledge, he hastily assembled -as many men as he could, and marched first to Caen, which was -surrendered to him by the duke of Brittany; and shortly after, all -the other towns in Normandy surrendered to the king, excepting Rouen, -Louviers, Pont de l'Arche, and some castles. The new duke resided at -Rouen, where those who had received him as their lord had promised to -stand by him until death; but the duke perceived clearly that they -would not long keep their promises; and for that reason he quitted the -town of Rouen, and sought an asylum with the duke of Brittany, who -received him with kindness. - -Soon after the departure of the duke, those of Rouen surrendered to the -king,--and their example was followed by Pont de l'Arche and Louviers; -so that the whole of the duchy of Normandy was repossessed by the king, -notwithstanding the promises he had made to his brother in the treaty -of Conflans. - -The king recalled to his person the duke of Bourbon, and attended -more to his opinion than to that of any other prince. As soon as he -found himself master of Normandy, he began to persecute such as had -been of the party of his brother, and had supported him: among others -was the lord d'Esternay, whom he caused to be arrested and drowned. -This lord had been, during the late reign, general of Normandy, and -was exceedingly beloved for his wisdom and moderation,--and he had -not his equal in the whole country for devotion. Many other lords -the king caused to be executed or drowned, so that several quitted -their country, abandoning their houses and estates for fear of his -tyranny,--and the king was greatly blamed for these measures by all who -heard of them. - - - - -CHAP. XLIX. - - THE COUNT DE CHAROLOIS ENTERS THE COUNTRY OF LIEGE WITH HIS ARMY.--THE - LIEGEOIS DEMAND AND OBTAIN A TRUCE,--BUT, ALTHOUGH A PEACE IS MADE, IT - DOES NOT LAST LONG. - - -The Liegeois, hearing of the peace concluded between king Louis and the -count de Charolois, imagined that they were included in the treaty; -but when they learnt the contrary, and that the count was marching an -immense army against them, they sent a grand embassy to the duke of -Burgundy at Brussels, offering to make great reparations for what they -had done. They supplicated, in all humility, for peace with him and the -count de Charolois, and were so urgent that they obtained from the good -duke a truce for fifteen days. - -At this moment, the count de Charolois was at St Tron,[51] a large town -belonging to Liege, which surrendered to him as soon as he came before -it. On receiving information of this truce, he caused proclamation to -be made throughout his army, that no one should do any damage to the -territories of Liege, on pain of death, notwithstanding that his men -had not received their pay: they were, therefore, obliged to forage -the country of the duke of Burgundy that lay nearest at hand, and it -suffered very much from it. They even spread as far as Lorraine and -other distant countries, to seek provisions,--for so large an army -could not otherwise have existed without money. - -On the expiration of the fifteen days, the truce was prolonged for -eight more, then for another eight days, and at last to the 12th day -of January; which caused the adjoining country to be sorely pillaged -and devoured, for it was daily overrun for so long a space of time. -The count de Charolois, perceiving that the Liegeois were only seeking -delays, and did not perform what they had promised, collected his army, -and entered the territory of Liege, and wrote to the duke his father to -send him as many reinforcements as he could, for that he now intended -to combat the Liegeois. - -The duke instantly sent back to him the lord de Saveuses with all his -men, and wrote him word, that he would shortly join him in person, and -that he desired he would not give battle until he should arrive. As the -duke was preparing to set out for the army, notwithstanding the severe -illness from which he had scarcely recovered, his son wrote him word, -that the Liegeois had come to him with a treaty, such as he approved -of, sealed with their city-seal,--that they implored his mercy, and -begged he would be satisfied with them,--that he had accepted the -treaty, provided it were his good pleasure to ratify it. The duke, on -receiving this news, remained quiet at Brussels. - -On the 20th of January, the Liegeois, knowing that the count de -Charolois had entered their country with his army, and that his van, -under the command of the count de St Pol, was far advanced, sent from -four score to a hundred of the principal persons of the country to -wait on the count de Charolois, well mounted and well armed for fear -of several who had been banished their city, and other evil-disposed -persons, who only wished for war, and hindered the completion of a -peace. They met the count between St Tron and Tongres,[52] two good -towns belonging to the Liegeois, and presented to him the treaty such -as had been agreed to by the city of Liege, and sealed with their seal: -the deputation offered, at the same time, to answer with their lives -for the consent of the other towns to this treaty. - -The terms of this treaty were precisely what the duke of Burgundy -and his son had insisted upon,--and the deputies, on their knees, -besought the count's mercy and pardon, promising, that henceforward the -inhabitants of the whole country would be his faithful servants and -good neighbours. - -The count, having examined the treaty, accepted it on consideration -of the great sums they were to pay by way of recompensing the damages -done, and forgave them. The sum for damages was six hundred thousand -florins of the Rhine, which they were to pay the duke in the course -of six years; and the duke of Brabant and all future dukes of Brabant -were to be their mainbrugs, or governors of the whole country of Liege, -with a yearly salary of two thousand florins of the Rhine. The Liegeois -were not in future to undertake any measures of weight, without having -first obtained the consent of their mainbrug. Many other articles were -inserted in the treaty, which I omit for the sake of brevity; but, -notwithstanding, they soon after broke this treaty, without keeping any -one article of it. - -The count de Charolois having acceded to the requests of the deputies, -peace was proclaimed throughout his army,--and the whole was ordered -to appear before him, on the morrow, near to Tongres. This was done -that the deputation might see his army in battle-array, to inspire them -with fear of his power, and thereby check any future rebellion. The -army, when drawn up on the following day, delighted and astonished the -ambassadors and those who had come from St Tron, Tongres, and other -towns to see it, for they never could have imagined that the count -would have been able to raise such a force at once. In truth, according -to common report, this army consisted of upwards of twenty-eight -thousand horse, not including the infantry, which was very numerous, -although many had returned home with leave, and without leave, in -default of being regularly paid. - -When the army was thus drawn up, the count rode along the line, -thanking most courteously all the captains and men at arms, begging -they would hold him excused for having so badly paid them, for that -he could not now have avoided it,--but he would make them full amends -at another time by more regular payments, so that every one should be -satisfied. - -Addressing himself to the poorer cavaliers, he asked if any of them had -been banished the countries of the duke his father, and desired such to -come to him at Brussels, when he would make representations of their -case to his father, and they should be allowed to return. Saying this, -he took his leave of them, and went from St Tron to Hasbain,--and the -troops were dismissed to their several homes. - -FOOTNOTES: - -[Footnote 51: St Tron,--on the lower Meuse, fourteen miles north west -from Liege, the capital of the country of Hasbain.] - -[Footnote 52: Tongres,--in the bishoprick of Liege, on the lower Meuse.] - - - - -CHAP. L. - - AFTER THE TREATY CONCLUDED AT SAINT TRON, THE INHABITANTS ATTEMPT TO - MURDER THE MEN OF THE COUNT DE CHAROLOIS, BUT ARE OVERPOWERED.--THE - COUNT RETURNS TO HIS FATHER AT BRUSSELS.--THE KING OF FRANCE RAISES - A LARGE ARMY,--IN CONSEQUENCE OF WHICH, THE COUNT DE CHAROLOIS PUTS - HIMSELF ON HIS GUARD. - - -One Sunday after peace had been made with the Liegeois, and while the -count de Charolois was in St Tron, detachments of his army were passing -through that town on their road homewards; when the inhabitants, -thinking the whole were passed, sought a quarrel with a body of the -men at arms attached to the bastard of Burgundy, and killed two of -them. Having done this, they closed the gate by which these detachments -entered from Tongres, and guarded the others. This conduct seemed as -if they intended to put to death all of those who were in the town; -but the gens d'armes forced the gate, and marched straight to the -market-place, where they formed themselves in order, to resist the mob -of the town, who had there assembled with a great noise. They soon -drove this mob before them, who fled for safety,--not, however, without -having had nineteen or twenty of their companions killed. - -Had not the count been timely informed of what was passing, and -given proper orders for checking his men, they would probably have -destroyed all the inhabitants, and plundered the town; for they were -then beginning to break down doors and windows, and enter the houses: -however, they lodged themselves wherever they pleased, and took -whatever provisions they found within them. - -Some of the townsmen, who had begun this riot, had retreated into a -kind of fortified house, wherein they were besieged, and at length -taken, when the riot ceased. This happened on the 22d day of January, -in the year 1465. - -The count de Charolois, on leaving St Tron, went strait to Brussels, -where he was received by the duke his father with as much joy as ever -father received a son. When they had remained some days together, -the count set out on a pilgrimage to Boulogne, which he had vowed to -perform on foot; and on his return to Brussels, he went to Ghent, -Bruges and Saint Omer,--and in all of these towns he was received with -the greatest honours. While he was at St Omer, the count de Nevers -came to him, and asked his pardon for whatever he might have done to -offend him, which was fully granted; and they remained together some -time, when the count de Nevers was so much restored to the count's good -graces that, on his departure, the count de Charolois wrote to the -officers of the different towns he was to pass through, to show him the -same honours and attention as if he had come himself in person,--and -this was done in all the towns he came to. - -From St Omer, the count de Charolois went to Boulogne, and thence to -Rue, to Abbeville, to Amiens, to Corbie and to Peronne,--in all which -places he was most honourably received, although several of these -towns were dissatisfied that they no longer belonged to the king of -France.--During the stay he made at Peronne, he was informed that the -king was raising a greater army than he had ever done, and that it was -marvellous the quantity of artillery he had cast: he had even taken the -bells from some steeples to have them cast into serpentines and other -artillery. At the same time, the king was writing the most affectionate -letters to the count, as to his dearest friend; but the count did not -put too much confidence in these appearances, always suspecting the -changeful temper of the king. In consequence, he had it proclaimed -through his father's dominions, that every one that had been accustomed -to bear arms should be ready to join the king on the 15th day of June, -in Normandy, to oppose the landing of the English, who would then -attempt it with a considerable army. - -This was the report the king had caused to be spread over the realm, -and that the English were making great preparations to invade the duchy -of Normandy the ensuing summer, although he knew to the contrary; but -his projects were pointed at other objects than what was generally -imagined. He had sent the bastard of Bourbon to England some time -before, and, by means of a large sum of money given to the English, had -obtained a truce between the two nations for twelve months. - -The count, nevertheless, had a conference with the English at St Omer, -whither he sent his bastard-brother of Burgundy, as his representative, -to meet the earl of Warwick and other lords from England, to obtain -the alliance of the king of England and the english nation, should the -king of France make war upon him, as, from his preparations, was too -apparent. - - - - -[A.D. 1466.] - -CHAP. LI. - - THE LIEGEOIS IN DINANT BREAK THE PEACE, AND RECOMMENCE THE WAR AGAINST - THE DUKE OF BURGUNDY.--DINANT IS BESIEGED AND BATTERED WITH CANNON. - - -Between Easter and the middle of August, in this year, so many -marriages took place in the county of Artois, and the adjoining -countries, that the like was not heard of in the memory of man. - -Early in this year, those of Dinant, tired of the peace which they -had obtained by their humble solicitations from the duke of Burgundy, -and having their courage puffed up by those more inclined to war than -peace, suffered many evil-disposed persons, that had been banished, -to return to their town, who were eager for all kinds of mischief. -They soon after sallied out of Dinant, and overrun and pillaged many -villages in Hainault and Namur, which they afterward burnt, violated -churches and monasteries, committing, in short, every wickedness. - -The duke of Burgundy, on hearing this, instantly ordered a greater -assembly of men at arms than he had ever before made, to be at Namur on -the 28th day of July. But notwithstanding the summons was so pressing, -the men at arms delayed as much as possible to equip and prepare -themselves; nor did they offer to assist in mounting their poorer -brethren, being doubtful of the expense, and remembering, that in the -preceding campaign, they had been badly paid. The duke was told of -this backwardness while at table, the beginning of July, and was so -much vexed that in his passion he kicked the table from him, saying, -that he saw clearly how much he was governed, and that he was no longer -the master; for that he had paid last year for the army upwards of two -hundred thousand crowns from his treasury, and he knew not how they had -been spent. The more he spoke, the more angry he grew, insomuch that, -at last, he dropped to the ground, from rage and apoplexy. It was, -for three days, thought that he could never recover, but it happened -otherwise. - -He then issued another summons, commanding all to obey it instantly, -on pain of death. While this was passing, the count de Charolois was -at Peronne, and had renewed the tax on salt, which he had abolished on -his march to France, to the great joy of the people; but this renewal -changed their joy to grief, and caused great discontents, because the -count had ordered the arrears of this tax, during the year it had been -abolished, to be collected. - -The duke of Burgundy was busily employed in his preparations to -march the army against Liege, and had ordered copies of the sentence -of excommunication which the pope had given against those of Dinant -to be stuck against the doors of all the churches throughout his -dominions.--This excommunication had been issued against those of -Dinant, their allies and accomplices, as a punishment for the numerous -evils they were daily committing, contrary to the treaty of peace, and -for their disobedience to the holy apostolical see. - -By this sentence, the pope gave permission to the duke of Burgundy and -his allies to punish them and force their obedience,--for the doing of -which, they would obtain a full pardon for their sins, as ministers of -the church. In this sentence, the pope had forbidden divine service to -be performed in the churches of Dinant. - -Nevertheless, those in Dinant, obstinate in their wills and opinions, -and disobedient to the commands of the head of the church, constrained -their priests to perform divine service, and to chaunt the mass as -before; but, as some priests would not act contrary to the positive -interdict of the pope, they drowned them. - -Just as the duke's army was ready to march to Dinant, the bastard de St -Pol, lord de Hautbourdin, who, like the others, was fully prepared for -this march, was suddenly taken ill,--and the disorder became so serious -that he died of it, which was a great pity and loss, for he was valiant -and prudent, and one of the best warriors the duke had in his army, -handsome above all others, and a knight of the Golden Fleece. - -Toward the beginning of August, the duke of Burgundy's army was ready -to march to Namur, according to the orders he had issued for all who -loved him to follow him thither. This was the largest army that had -been seen, for it was more than as numerous again as that which had -marched to France: indeed, common report said, they were upwards of -thirty thousand who received pay. - -The principal nobles in it were the count de Charolois, the count de -St Pol constable of France, the lord de Ravenstein, the three sons of -the count de St Pol, the two bastards of Burgundy, the count de Nassau, -and so many barons, lords, knights and gentlemen, that it would be -tiresome to name them all. The marshal of Burgundy was also there, but -in his private capacity, for the army of Burgundy had remained at home. -The duke of Burgundy would likewise be present, and went from Brussels -to Namur on the 14th day of August. - -The army soon marched from Namur toward Dinant, where a skirmish -ensued in the suburbs of that town, between about three hundred of the -Burgundians, commanded by the count de Charolois and the marshal of -Burgundy, and the townsmen, who sallied out to the attack. This was -renewed twice or thrice, but the townsmen were always repulsed. It was -horrible to see the engines that were used in the town, although they -killed none, and three or four of the townsmen were slain. - -The count de St Pol, sir James his brother, with numbers of other -lords, advanced on the other side of the Meuse in all diligence,--while -the lord de Saveuses was posted at Bovines, a tolerably good town in -the county of Namur, about half a league from Dinant. - -News was brought to the army, that the Liegeois had mustered their -forces, which amounted to full forty thousand combatants, of whom they -had sent four thousand to Dinant, and had boasted in Liege, that if -Dinant were besieged, they would raise the siege or die in the attempt. - -On the 18th of August, the whole of the burgundian army moved toward -Dinant, having their baggage in the center. The lord de Cohen bore the -standard of the bastard of Burgundy, who commanded the van, the count -de Charolois having the main body under his orders,--and the count de -Marie, grandly attended, had charge of the rear battalion. On its near -approach to Dinant, the garrison briskly played off their artillery, -while a detachment made a sally, and set fire to a large farm-house -above an abbey; but they were roughly treated on their return: they -hastened to the town as quickly as they could, and abandoned their -suburbs, so that the duke's men were near entering the town with them. -In this manner were the suburbs of Dinant won, although inclosed by a -ditch and good walls as strong as those of a town. In these suburbs was -a handsome church of the Franciscans, a nunnery, a parish church, and -beyond them an abbey of white monks. - -In gaining this advantage, the count de Charolois lost not more than -five or six men. When these suburbs had been won on the side toward -Bovines, those in the town lost no time to set fire to those on the -opposite side, before the count de St Pol could advance thither, and -made it impracticable for any lodgement to be made there. On the -following night, the count de Charolois fixed his quarters in the abbey -of white monks, and had a bombard pointed against the gate of the -town; and within the inclosures of the Franciscans a large detachment -was posted, who kept up a good guard during the night. This bombard -battered the gate so well that it broke it down,--but the inhabitants -lost no time in walling of it up with stones and bags of earth. In -another quarter, the constable, who was quartered on the river side, -below the mountain, battered down with his artillery a corner tower -that terminated that side of the wall. - - - - -CHAP. LII. - - DINANT IS FORCED TO SURRENDER TO THE WILL OF THE DUKE OF - BURGUNDY.--THE TREATMENT IT RECEIVES, FOR A PERPETUAL EXAMPLE TO OTHER - TOWNS IN A LIKE SITUATION. - - -On the ensuing Tuesday, all the walls of the abbey of the Franciscans, -and the other inclosures, were thrown down, to erect a battery against -the town; and the artillery was briskly played on both sides. Four of -the count de Charolois' men were killed by arrows from the walls, and -among others the master-cannonier of the bombard, as he was picking -up a rod from the ground. The burgundian army now advanced nearer the -walls, and the count de Charolois posted himself at the Cordeliers, -only a stone's cast from the gate,--and this day the duke his father -came from Namur to Bovines. - -Provision was now so dear in the army that a twopenny loaf sold for -twelve pence, and other food in proportion,--and they were forced to go -three or four leagues to seek forage for their horses. - -The batteries having been completed, the town was summoned to surrender -to the duke of Burgundy; but they within replied, that they had no such -intention, continuing their abusive language against the duke and his -son even more than before. Speaking of the duke, they said, 'What has -put it in the head of that old dotard, your duke, to come hither to -die? Has he lived long enough to come and die here miserably! and your -count, little Charley, what! he is come to lay his bones here also? Let -him return to Montlehery and combat the king of France, who will come -to our succour: do not think that he will fail, in the promise he has -made us.--Charley is come hither in an unlucky hour: he has too yellow -a beak; and the Liegeois will soon make him dislodge with shame.' - -With such villainous language did the Dinanters address the duke and -his son,--and they made use of many other expressions tiresome to -relate, and which they incessantly continued, proceeding from bad to -worse. Those of Bovines, as good neighbours, sent letters to Dinant -before the siege commenced, to advise them to surrender to the duke, -before a siege took place; but, out of spite, they had the messengers -who brought these letters publicly beheaded. - -Notwithstanding this outrage, those of Bovines, desirous to save them, -sent an innocent child with other letters to the magistrates, by which -they again admonished them to make their peace with the duke before he -approached nearer, to avoid the evil consequences that would inevitably -follow their obstinacy. The wicked people, instead of listening to such -friendly counsel, put the innocent child to death, from spite to the -duke and the townsmen of Bovines. Some say, that, in their rage, they -tore the poor child limb from limb. - -Other outrages and insults they had committed before they were -besieged; but when they knew that a siege would commence, once, -in particular, they went in a large body to Bovines, and over the -town-ditch, which was stinking, and full of all kind of filth and -venomous creatures, they threw a plank, on which they seated an effigy -of the duke of Burgundy, clothed in his arms, bawling out to those in -Bovines, 'See! here is the seat of that great toad your duke!' Of this -and many other villainous insults on the father and son, they were duly -informed, which only served to irritate them the more, and to make them -the more eager to take vengeance on such wicked people. - -When the batteries began to play on the town, which they did in a most -terrible manner, for three or four hours together, neither man nor -woman therein knew where to shelter themselves. The smoke was so thick, -and the fire so terrible, that it resembled a hell, and very many were -killed by the balls. In the mean time, the duke had constructed, at -Bovines, two bridges of wood, to throw over the Meuse, to surround and -attack them on all sides. - -On Friday, the walls and towers were so greatly damaged that eight of -the principal inhabitants came, under passports, to the army, hoping -to negotiate a peace,--but they could not succeed. On the Saturday, it -was ordered, that every man should be prepared to storm the town on -the morrow, and provide himself with a faggot to fill the ditches. But -when the day arrived, the duke would not have it then stormed, but -ordered the batteries to continue their fire. This was so severe that -the garrison now despaired of their lives, and fled. The inhabitants -would now have surrendered, on having their lives spared, but the duke -would not grant it! At this moment happened an unfortunate accident, by -a spark falling into a barrel of powder, which had been left uncovered. -The explosion killed twenty or thirty of the count's men, and burnt or -wounded many more; but they afterward recovered. - -The bishop of Liege, then resident at Huy,[53] sent information to the -duke his uncle, that thirty or forty thousand men had left Liege, with -the intent to raise the siege of Dinant, and advised him to be on his -guard. The duke, on this, called a council of war,--and he was advised -to storm the town before the Liegeois could come to its relief; and -orders were given to this effect, although it was about five o'clock in -the afternoon. - -The townsmen, however, fearful, from the demolition of their walls and -towers, that they could not make any defence, if stormed, and that, if -they were taken, they would be all put to death, surrendered to the -duke, bringing the keys to the bastard of Burgundy, who sent them to -the count de Charolois,--but he would not receive them until he had had -the consent of his father. - -This same night, the bastard of Burgundy took possession of the castle -of Dinant, which was delivered up to him. The marshal of Burgundy and -other lords took possession of the different gates, and, with their -men, entered the town, which they guarded that night. The count de -Charolois would have entered the place on the morrow, at mid-day; but -he wished first to know the intentions of his father concerning it, and -would have waited on him for that purpose; but he was advised to the -contrary, as he was told the duke had resolved to destroy it! - -The count, on hearing this, abandoned the town to plunder, when a -scene of the greatest confusion ensued; for each wanted to save the -pillage to himself, and to guard it in his respective quarters; but -the strongest had the advantage, and murder and every sort of misery -were now exhibited throughout the place. Each made his host prisoner, -although he had been robbed before of his whole fortune,--and immensely -rich was the plunder made, for Dinant was one of the most wealthy and -strongest towns in all those parts; and this enormous wealth was the -cause of its ruin, for it had filled the inhabitants with pride and -insolence, so that they feared not God, nor the church, nor any prince -on earth,--and this may be supposed to be the cause why God suffered -them to be thus punished. - -The Tuesday, Thursday, and Friday were wholly employed in plundering -the town,--and boat-loads of effects were on the river,--and the -streets were crowded with waggons full of goods,--and every man was -carrying off on his back all that he could bear. Many of the men at -arms gained riches enough to support them for three or four years. -Inquiry was then made after those in the town who had been the most -forward in their insulting language to the duke and his son. Some were -discovered, who were tied back to back, and thrown into the Meuse, -where they perished. The count ordered the chief cannonier of the town -to be arrested, and hung on the mountain above the church, and those -who had been most culpable in renewing the war to be drowned in the -river. - -From the moment the town had been given up to pillage, the count de -Charolois had it proclaimed, that whoever should violate a woman should -be instantly punished with death; but, notwithstanding this, three were -arrested, and found guilty of this crime. The count ordered them to be -marched thrice along the ranks, that every one might take warning from -them,--and then they were hanged on a gibbet. He swore, at the same -time, that should any others be guilty of the like crime, whether noble -or not, they should suffer a similar punishment, which prevented any -woman, in future, being forced against her will. - -The count ordered all the women and children out of the town, and had -them escorted as far as the city of Liege; but it was most melancholy -to hear and see their pitiful lamentations, on being driven from their -town, and there was no heart so hardened but had compassion on them. - -On Friday, the 28th day of August, when the town was quite emptied of -its wealth, and the houses and churches unroofed, and the lead carried -away, a fire burst out at the lodgings of the lord de Ravenstein, near -to the church of our Lady, about an hour after midnight; but it was not -known whether it had happened accidentally or had been done on purpose, -to force the men at arms out of the place, or to burn such as remained. -The count, however, ordered it to be extinguished by all who could -assist, and great exertions were made to accomplish it; but, in the -mean time, it spread to the town-house, in which was a magazine full -of powder, that caught fire, and exploded with such force as to break -through the roof of the church of our Lady; but, as this was arched -with stone, the fire did not extend rapidly,--and some relics, and -the ornaments of the church, were saved: all of them that came to the -count's knowledge he had carried to Bovines,--for many had been stolen -and taken away before he came thither. Great numbers were burnt by -this fire, and their plunder, that had remained packed in the street, -was destroyed. Those plunderers who attempted to save effects from the -fire were miserably burnt,--and the flames followed them so closely -that it seemed as if Divine vengeance was resolved to punish the pride -and insolence of this town by totally destroying it. - -While Dinant was in flames, a large embassy came from Liege to the duke -of Burgundy at Bovines, to negotiate a treaty of peace,--and the sight -of the destruction of Dinant made a serious impression on them. The -count de Charolois, observing that all attempts to put out the fire -were ineffectual, determined that the whole should be destroyed, and -caused such parts, in the town and suburbs, as had hitherto escaped to -be set on fire, so that all was burnt. He then sent for great numbers -of peasants from the neighbourhood, to demolish the walls, towers and -fortifications, to each of whom he gave three patars[54] a-day, with -every thing they might find in the ruins. - -They laboured so diligently that, within four days after the fire had -ceased, a stranger might have said, 'Here was Dinant!' for there now -neither remained gate nor wall, nor church, nor house, for all had been -burnt and razed to the ground. It unfortunately happened, that when the -great church caught fire, many prisoners of note that had been therein -confined were burnt, and such as had retreated to different towers and -forts also perished. Thus was destroyed the town of Dinant by reason of -its presumption and folly! - -FOOTNOTES: - -[Footnote 53: Huy,--on the Meuse, 12 miles from Liege.] - -[Footnote 54: Patars,--a low-country coin: five are equal to sixpence -sterling.--_Cotgrave._] - - - - -CHAP. LIII. - - THE DUKE OF BURGUNDY AFTER THE DESTRUCTION OF DINANT, MAKES - DISPOSITIONS TO MARCH HIS ARMY INTO THE TERRITORIES OF LIEGE.--SEVERAL - TOWNS SURRENDER TO HIM.--A PEACE IS CONCLUDED BETWEEN THEM. - - -After the destruction of this proud city of Dinant, the duke of -Burgundy departed from Bovines, on the first day of September, and -returned by the river to Namur, attended by the embassy from Liege, who -were pressing for a peace. The whole army passed through Namur, and the -bastard of Burgundy quartered his division in the country of Hasbain, -two leagues distant from St Tron. The count de Charolois was posted -between Tillemont and St Tron. Soon after, the count de St Pol received -the surrender of the town of Thuin[55], which had been given him by the -duke as a recompence for his not having been at the plunder of Dinant; -and this town was saved from pillage by means of a sum of money which -the inhabitants had given to the count de St Pol,--and as this place -and St Tron had demolished their walls and gates, they both escaped -being plundered. - -The count de Charolois next advanced to lay siege to Tongres; but as -he was told that the inhabitants had all fled, he ordered the army to -march for Liege, while his father, the duke, remained at Namur. The -count advanced as far as Montenac, four leagues from Liege,--his army -and artillery always in order of battle. There, having heard that the -Liegeois had issued out, in great numbers, to give him battle, he made -preparations to receive them, by forming his army into two wings and a -center, and thus waited their coming upwards of three hours. They did -come, but sent to demand a truce until ten o'clock the next day, when -they promised to comply with whatever he should demand. This satisfied -the count, and he consented to a truce for the day, which was the 6th -of September. - -When this had been settled, the count de St Pol, constable of France, -and the bastard of Burgundy advanced, with their men, to observe the -situation of the Liegeois, who had come out of their city. They found -them posted on the river Gerre,--and intelligence was brought them, -that those who had escorted the embassy from Liege were skirmishing -with the count's foragers; on which they detached a party of their men, -who forced the Liegeois to retreat to their army. Toward evening, the -count's army were within sight of the Liegeois, and drew up in order of -battle within less than a quarter of a league from them. The constable -crossed the river Gerre, to surround them, and ordered a part of his -men to dismount; and although it was five o'clock in the evening, they -would willingly have attacked the Liegeois,--but the count would not -permit it, on account of the truce which he had granted. The whole -army was much displeased at his refusal, for they would easily have -conquered the enemy without one being able to escape; for they were -so surrounded that they could not fly, and they amounted to full two -thousand horse, and more than ten thousand foot, as numbers were in an -adjoining village, and could not be counted. - -A division of the count's army was also posted in the large village of -Varennes; and as they would not quit it to join their companions, the -count ordered it to be set on fire, which forced them to issue forth, -and join their main army, but not without losing their baggage by the -fire. - -The count's army remained drawn up in order of battle until ten o'clock -at night, when each retired to his quarters. On Sunday, the 7th of -September, the count formed his army in battle-array at the earliest -dawn, and thus remained, without crossing the Gerre, until ten o'clock, -when the ambassadors returned, and assured the count that the city of -Liege and its dependances were ready to perform every thing the duke -his father and himself had demanded.--They required, therefore, peace -at his hands; and offered, for the due execution of the treaty, to -deliver up to him fifty persons as hostages, whom it should please -the duke to select,--namely, thirty-two men for the city of Liege, -six for the town of Tongres, six for St Tron, and six for the town of -Hessel.[56] This same day, part of the hostages were delivered to the -count, who sent them to Judenge[57] to the duke, who had come thither -from Namur to combat the Liegeois with his son. Peace was, therefore, -again made between the duke and his son and the Liegeois. - -By the treaty, they promised to pay six hundred thousand florins of the -Rhine in the course of six years,--one hundred thousand annually,--and -they delivered the fifty hostages, such as the duke demanded, who -were to return home on the first annual payment being made, and were -then to be replaced by fifty others. The duke of Burgundy as duke of -Brabant, and his successors, the dukes of Brabant, were to be perpetual -mainbrugs of Liege, and governors of the whole country, without whose -advice and consent the Liegeois were not henceforward to undertake any -measures of importance. - -The Liegeois, in this treaty, made many other engagements, which I omit -to note down, for within a very short time they broke every promise -they had made. - -At this time, provision was so scarce in the count's army that it was -with the greatest difficulty that any could be procured. - -On the 8th of September, the day this treaty was signed, the burgundian -army arrived to reinforce the count de Charolois, consisting of about -four hundred lances, under the command of the lord de Montagu and the -marquis de Rothelin. There came also a body of Swiss, of about sixty -men; and the city of Antwerp sent three hundred men to assist the duke -in his war against the Liegeois. - -On the ensuing day, a deputation from the city of Liege waited on the -count, and delivered to him the treaty, sealed with the seals of Liege, -Tongres, St Tron, Hessel, and the other towns under their jurisdiction. -It was then discussed, and settled, that should any of the hostages -die within the year, the Liegeois were to replace them with others; -and in regard to the interest due to the duke from the sums that were -to have been paid, according to the preceding treaty, they offered to -pay whatever the duke should be pleased to demand. On the very day of -signing this treaty, it was proclaimed throughout the army, that no one -should forage or do any mischief to the territories of Liege. - -When these things were completed, the count de Charolois issued orders -for the return of his army. He came, on the Sunday, before a large -village called Chasteler, belonging to the chapter of Liege, whither -the inhabitants of Thuin came to solicit pardon, and begged for mercy -humbly on their knees. One hundred men were ordered thither to demolish -the gates and walls of their town, at the expense of its inhabitants. - -At this place, the count disbanded his army, when each went to his -home, and the count to Brussels, whither his father, the duke, was -returned. They shortly after sent an embassy to England, to negotiate -with king Edward: but the subject of their negotiations I do not -mention, because I am ignorant of it.[58] - -FOOTNOTES: - -[Footnote 55: Thuin,--fourteen miles from Mons.] - -[Footnote 56: Hessel,--five miles from Bommel.] - -[Footnote 57: Judenge, Judoigne,--an ancient town formerly belonging to -the dukes of Brabant: it forms now part of France, in the department of -the Dyle, 25 miles from Liege.] - -[Footnote 58: This embassy probably respected the marriage of the count -de Charolois with Margaret sister to Edward IV. or, perhaps, for the -regulations regarding the tilt between the earl Rivers and sir Anthony -of Burgundy.] - - - - -[A.D. 1467.] - -CHAP. LIV. - - SIR ANTHONY, BASTARD OF BURGUNDY, GOES TO ENGLAND, TO TILT WITH THE - LORD SCALES,[59] BROTHER TO THE QUEEN OF ENGLAND. - - -Soon after Easter, in the year 1467, sir Anthony, bastard of Burgundy, -crossed over to England, to perform a deed of arms against the lord -Scales, brother to the queen of England. He went thither handsomely -attended by warriors and artillery; for there were reports, which -proved true, that there were some pirates on the seas lying in wait -to defeat him, under pretence of being Spaniards, although they were -French. It happened, that the bastard's men took two of these vessels, -richly laden and full of soldiers, which were plundered, and then he -arrived safely in England. - -He performed his deed of arms greatly to his credit; but it did not -last long,--for, as it was done to please the king of England, he would -not suffer the combat to continue any time, so that it was rather for -amusement.[60] - -This was a plentiful year in wine, corn, and fruits, which were all -good, and the corn of a quality fit for preservation. - -In this year also, the ladies and damsels laid aside their long trains -to their gowns, and in lieu of them had deep borders of furs of -minever, martin, and others, or of velvet, and various articles of a -great breadth. They also wore hoods on their heads of a circular form, -half an ell, or three quarters, high, gradually tapering to the top. -Some had them not so high, with handkerchiefs wreathed round them, -the corners hanging down to the ground. They wore silken girdles of -a greater breadth than formerly, with the richest shoes, with golden -necklaces much more trimly decked in divers fashions than they were -accustomed to wear them. - -At the same time, the men wore shorter dresses than usual, so that the -form of their buttocks, and of their other parts, was visible, after -the fashion in which people were wont to dress monkies, which was a -very indecent and impudent thing. The sleeves of their outward dress -and jackets were slashed, to show their wide white shirts. Their hair -was so long that it covered their eyes and face,--and on their heads -they had cloth bonnets of a quarter of an ell in height. Knights and -esquires, indifferently, wore the most sumptuous golden chains. Even -the varlets had jackets of silk, satin, or velvet; and almost all, -especially at the courts of princes, wore peaks at their shoes of a -quarter of an ell in length. They had also under their jackets large -stuffings[61] at their shoulders, to make them appear broad, which -is a very vanity, and, perchance, displeasing to God; and he who was -short-dressed to-day, on the morrow had his robe training on the -ground. These fashions were so universal that there was not any little -gentleman but would ape the nobles and the rich, whether they dressed -in long or short robes, never considering the great expense, nor how -unbecoming it was to their situation. - -FOOTNOTES: - -[Footnote 59: Anthony Widville earl Rivers, lord Scales and Newsels, -and lord of the Isle of Wight. This accomplished nobleman, one of the -first restorers of learning to this country, was son to sir Richard -Widville, by Jacqueline of Luxembourg, widow to the regent duke of -Bedford. Caxton printed several of his works. - -For further particulars, see Walpole's Noble Authors, last edition, by -Park.] - -[Footnote 60: The following extract from Dr. Henry's Hist. of England, -vol. v. pp. 536, 537, 4to. edit. will place the event of this -tournament in a different light. - -'The most magnificent of these tournaments was that performed by the -bastard of Burgundy and Anthony lord Scales, brother to the queen of -England, in Smithfield, A.D. 1467. The king and queen of England spared -no expense to do honour to so near a relation,--and Philip duke of -Burgundy, the most magnificent prince of that age, was no less profuse -in equipping his favourite son. Several months were spent in adjusting -the preliminaries of this famous combat, and in performing all the -pompous ceremonies prescribed by the laws of chivalry. - -'Edward IV. granted a safe conduct, October 29, A.D. 1466, to the -bastard of Burgundy earl of La Roche, with a thousand persons in his -company, to come into England to perform certain feats of arms with his -dearly beloved brother Anthony Widville, lord Scales and Newsels; but -so many punctilios were to be settled, by the intervention of heralds, -that the tournament did not take place until June 11, A.D. 1467. - -'Strong lists having been erected in Smithfield, 120 yards and 10 -feet long, 80 yards and 10 feet broad, with fair and costly galleries -all around for the accommodation of the king and queen, attended by -the lords and ladies of the court, and a prodigious number of lords, -knights, and ladies, of England, France, Scotland, and other countries, -in their richest dresses. - -'The two champions entered the lists, and were conducted to their -pavilions. There they underwent the usual searches, and answered the -usual questions, and then advanced into the middle of the lists. The -first day they ran together with sharp spears, and departed with equal -honour. The next day, they tourneyed on horseback. The lord Scales' -horse had on his chaffron a long sharp pike of steel,--and as the two -champions coped together, the said horse thrust his pike into the -nostrils of the bastard's horse, so that, for very pain, he mounted -so high that he fell on the one side with his master; and the lord -Scales rode about him, with his sword drawn in his hand, till the -king commanded the marshal to help up the bastard, who openly said, -'I cannot hold me by the clouds; for though my horse fail me, I will -not fail my encounter, companion:' but the king would not suffer them -to do any more that day. The next morrow, the two noblemen came into -the field on foot, with two pole-axes, and fought valiantly; but, at -the last, the point of the pole-axe of the lord Scales happened to -enter into the sight of the bastard's helm, and, by fine force, might -have plucked him on his knees; but the king suddenly cast down his -warder, and then the marshal severed them. The bastard, not content -with this chance, required the king, of justice, that he might perform -his enterprise. The lord Scales refused not. But the king calling to -him the constable and the marshal, with the officer of arms, after -consultation had, it was declared, for a sentence definitive, by the -duke of Clarence, then constable of England,' (John Tiptoft earl of -Worcester was the constable, and not the duke of Clarence: see Rymer) -'and the duke of Norfolk marshal, that if he would go forward with his -attempted challenge, he must, by the law of arms, be delivered to his -adversary in the same state, and like condition, as he stood when he -was taken from him. - -'The bastard, hearing this judgment, doubted the sequel of the matter, -and so relinquished his challenge.' - -See Stowe, &c.] - -[Footnote 61: Stuffings,--mahotoitres. See Du Cange. Supplement. -'Maheria.'] - - - - -CHAP. LV. - - THE DEATH AND INTERMENT OF THE NOBLE DUKE PHILIP OF BURGUNDY, AND THE - GRAND OBSEQUIES PERFORMED FOR HIM IN THE CHURCH OF SAINT DONNAST IN - BRUGES. - - -On the 12th day of June, in the year 1467, the noble duke Philip of -Burgundy was seized with a grievous malady, which continued unabated -until Monday, the 15th, when he rendered his soul to God, between nine -and ten o'clock at night. When he perceived, on the preceding day, that -he was growing worse, he sent for his son, the count de Charolois, -then at Ghent, who hastened to him with all speed; and on his arrival, -about mid-day of the Monday, at the duke's palace in Bruges, he went -instantly to the chamber where the duke lay sick in bed, but found him -speechless. He cast himself on his knees at the bedside, and, with many -tears, begged his blessing, and that, if he had ever done any thing -to offend him, he would pardon him. The confessor, who stood at the -bedside, admonished the duke, if he could not speak, at least to show -some sign of his good will. At this admonition, the good duke kindly -opened his eyes, took his son's hand, and squeezed it tenderly, as a -sign of his pardon and his blessing. - -The count, like an affectionate child, never quitted the duke's bed -until he had given up the ghost. May God, out of his mercy, receive his -soul, pardon his transgressions, and admit him into paradise! - -The corpse of the noble duke was left all that night on the bed, with -a black bonnet on his head, and likewise remained there on the morrow -until evening,--so that there was time enough for all who wished it to -see him: it was marvellous the great crowds who went thither, and all -prayed God to have mercy on his soul. - -On Tuesday evening, the body was opened and embalmed, and his heart -separated from it. His body and bowels were each put into a well-closed -coffin of lead, and placed that night on a bier from five to six feet -high, covered to the ground with black velvet, in the chapel of his -household, over which bier was a cross of white damask cloth, and at -the four corners four thick waxen tapers burning. - -Masses were daily celebrated there until noon,--and, about four or five -in the afternoon on the following Sunday, the body was carried to Saint -Donnast's church in Bruges for interment, until preparations should be -made to carry it elsewhere, according to the instructions which he had -given when alive. The funeral procession to the church was preceded -by sixteen hundred men, in black cloaks emblazoned with the arms of -the duke, each with a lighted taper in his hand,--four hundred of -whom were of the household, and at the expense of the new duke,--four -hundred from the town of Bruges, four hundred from the different trades -of that town, and four hundred from the country of the Franc, each -at the expense of those who sent them. Between this line of torches -walked full nine hundred men, as well nobles as officers and servants -of the late duke: among those were the magistrates of Bruges and of -the Franc,[62] twenty-two prelates: a bishop from Hybernie[63] was in -the number, who chaunted the first mass on the ensuing day. Between -the prelates and the body were four kings at arms, with their heads -covered, and clothed in their tabards of arms. - -The body was borne by twelve knights of name and renown, around whom -were the archers of the body of the late duke. It was covered with a -pall of black velvet, reaching to the ground, on which was a broad -cross of white damask cloth. Over the body was borne a canopy of cloth -of gold, on four lances, by the count de Nassau, the earl of Buchan, -Baldwin bastard of Burgundy, and the lord de Châlons. Immediately -before the body walked the first equerry of the late duke, bearing his -sword with the point downward. The chief mourners who followed the body -were the new duke Charles, and after him James de Bourbon and Adolphus -of Cleves, his two cousins-german,--then the count de Marle, Jacques de -Saint Pol, the lord de Roussy, and some others of the great lords of -the court. - -In the front of all, walked the four mendicant orders of friars, and -the clergy of the different parishes in Bruges, in the churches of -which the vigils for the dead were that day celebrated, and on the -morrow a solemn service for the soul of the deceased. - -The body was placed on a bier, in the middle of the choir of the -cathedral. It had on it a cloth of gold bordered with damask, and a -large cross of white velvet, with four large burning tapers, and was -surrounded by upwards of fourteen hundred lesser ones, which caused so -great a heat that the windows of the church were obliged to be thrown -open. - -The whole of the high altar, and the space above it, was hung with -black cloth, the reading-desk, both within and without, with black -velvet hanging down, emblazoned with the duke's arms: there were also -his pennon of arms and his grand banner. - -The nave was hung with black cloth, having the top and bottom of black -camlet. - -When the body was to be let down into the vault, no one can describe -the groans, tears, and lamentations that filled the church from the -duke's officers, and all present. Indeed all his subjects ought to -have bewailed his death, for they had lost a prince, the most renowned -for virtue and goodness that was in Christendom! full of honour, -liberality, courage, and prudence, with a mind adorned with every -generous virtue, who had preserved his countries in peace as well by -his own good sense, and the prudence of his counsellors, as by the -point of his sword, without personally sparing himself, against any -one, however great he might be. He afforded an asylum to those who -came to him to seek it, even though they were his enemies, doing good -to all, and returning good for evil,--and he never had his equal for -modesty. Even those who had never seen him, and who had disliked him -for any cause, the moment they were acquainted with him, and knew his -liberality, had an attachment and affection to him. - -The heart and body of the duke were each put separately in a flat -coffin, covered with a bier of irish oak. - -On the morrow, the obsequies were performed, when the bishop of Tournay -celebrated the mass; after which, he made a brief harangue in praise of -the deceased, in order that all present might offer up their prayers -for the salvation of his soul, which may God, out of his most gracious -mercy, admit into his holy Paradise! Amen. - -FOOTNOTES: - -[Footnote 62: The Franc--consists of a number of villages and -hamlets separated from the _quartier_ of Bruges, and has a separate -jurisdiction.--See _La Martiniere_.] - -[Footnote 63: Hybernie,--an ancient name for Ireland.] - - - - -CHAP. LVI. - - PROLOGUE TO THE CHRONICLES OF THE MOST CHRISTIAN, MOST MAGNIFICENT, - MOST VICTORIOUS, AND MOST ILLUSTRIOUS KINGS OF FRANCE, LOUIS XI. OF - THE NAME, AND HIS SON CHARLES VIII.[64] - - -Considering the saying of Seneca, that it is right to follow the ways -of our elders and governors, provided they have acted properly,--and -remembering the words of the sage, in his proverbs, that right foolish -is he who follows Idleness, for, according to Ecclesiasticus, she leads -to wickedness,--I have collected, with the utmost diligence, several -facts relative to the reigns of those illustrious princes, Louis XI. -and Charles VIII. his son, kings of France, that seemed to me worthy of -remembrance; together with many marvellous events that happened during -their reigns, as well in the kingdom of France as in the duchies of -Brittany, Burgundy, Normandy, Savoy and Lorraine,--the counties of -Flanders, Artois, and Burgundy; including likewise what may have passed -extraordinary in the adjacent countries, and also in the kingdoms -of England, Spain, and Sicily, at Rome, in Lombardy, and the duchy -of Milan, according to that famous chronicler, eloquent orator, and -excellent historian, the late Robert Gaguin,[65] during his lifetime -doctor en decret, and general of the order of the Holy Trinity. - -I have also collected materials from other sources, and have -attentively perused and examined the works of those renowned -chroniclers master Jean Froissart and Enguerrand de Monstrelet; which -last I have followed in what he has written concerning the acts of -some of our kings, to the reign of Louis XI. inclusively,--and, with -reverence be it spoken, I have recapitulated some things omitted by him -relative to the actions of king Louis, because, peradventure, he had -not been truly informed of them, for it is very difficult to acquire -a true knowledge of all the gallant and courageous deeds of such -magnificent princes as the kings of France. - -From these causes, I have deliberately determined (soliciting the aid -of an all-powerful God, who can do every thing,) to write and publish -several things worthy of remembrance, while I am now in this far-famed -and populous town of Paris, not with a view to correct or amend the -said Enguerrand de Monstrelet or others, for I do not undertake that -charge, but like a faithful and loyal Frenchman, and as such I wish -to remain, to avoid idleness, the parent and nurse of iniquity, and -to exhibit the acts of our sovereign princes, which ought to be -remembered, if done justly and rightly. - -There are likewise many who take delight in hearing of the noble deeds, -prowess, and marvels that have happened in different parts of the -world, that they may take example from them, by following the good, and -avoiding the bad, as precedents to be eschewed. - -I have, therefore, composed this small work, trifling in regard to the -author, but great in regard to the acts and triumphs of princes. I do -not, however, wish that it may be styled a Chronicle,--for that would -be unbecoming in me, for I have solely written it for an amusement and -recreation to readers, praying them humbly to excuse and supply my -ignorance by correcting whatever passage shall be found badly written. - -Many strange events which I have described have happened in such -distant countries that it is difficult for me or for any one else to -know the exact truth of the facts I have related: however, without any -partiality, I have endeavoured to describe the whole truly, according -to the before mentioned authors, and shall begin where Enguerrand de -Monstrelet left off, having first recapitulated some parts of his -chronicle where there may have been any omissions, until the deaths of -the aforesaid kings Louis and Charles. - -FOOTNOTES: - -[Footnote 64: See the preface to the first volume, respecting these -additions to the Chronicle of Monstrelet.] - -[Footnote 65: Robert Gaguin--was born at Amiens, and died at Paris -1501, having been employed in divers embassies by Charles VIII. and -Louis XII.--See _Moreri_, &c.] - - - - -CHAP. LVII. - - SOME RECAPITULATIONS OF THE DESCRIPTION OF THE BATTLE OF MONTLEHERY BY - MONSTRELET,--WITH THE ADDITION OF FACTS WHICH HE HAD OMITTED. - - -That master chronicler Enguerrand de Monstrelet, having described -in his third volume the acts of several kings and gallant knights, -concludes his work by relating the death and magnificent funeral of -Philip duke of Burgundy, father to duke Charles, lately deceased in the -town of Nancy in Lorraine. - -In the course of his chronicle, he has given an account of the pompous -coronation of king Louis XI. at Rheims, and of his joyous entry into -Paris, the capital of France. He afterward amply treated of the war -and battle of Montlehery, which he has perhaps spoken of and described -with partiality, according to his pleasure and feelings; for I have -read, besides what he has related, that at this battle of Montlehery, -which was fought on Tuesday the 6th day of July, in the year 1465, the -king of France, coming with all haste from beyond Orleans to Paris, -halted at early morn at Chastres, under Montlehery, and that having -taken scarcely any refreshment, and without waiting for his escort, -which was, for its number, the handsomest body of cavalry ever raised -in France, he so valiantly attacked the army of the count de Charolois -and his Burgundians that he put to the rout the van division. Many of -them were slain, and numbers taken prisoners. News of this was speedily -carried to Paris, whence issued forth upward of thirty thousand -persons, part of whom were well mounted; and in scouring the country -they fell in with parties of Burgundians who were flying, and made them -prisoners. They defeated also those from the villages of Vanvres, Issi, -Sevres, St Cloud, Arcueil, Surennes and others. - -At this rencounter, great booty was gained from the Burgundians, -so that their loss was estimated at two hundred thousand crowns of -gold. After the van had been thus thrown into confusion, the king, -not satisfied with this success, but desirous to put an end to the -war, without taking any refreshments or repose, attacked the main -body of the enemy with his guards and about four hundred lances: but -the Burgundians had then rallied, and advanced their artillery, under -the command of the count de St Pol, who did on that day the greatest -service to the count de Charolois. - -The king was hard pressed in his turn, insomuch that at times he was in -the utmost personal danger, for he had but few with him, was without -artillery, and was always foremost in the heat of the battle; and -considering how few his numbers were, he maintained the fight valiantly -and with great prowess. It was the common report of the time, that if -he had had five hundred more archers on foot, he would have reduced the -Burgundians to such a state that nothing more would have been heard of -them for some time in war. - -The count de Charolois, on this day, lost his whole guard,--and the -king also lost the greater part of his. The count was twice made -prisoner, by the noble Geoffroy de St Belin and Gilbert de Grassy, -but was rescued each time. Towards evening, the Scots carried off -the king, that he might take some refreshments; for he was tired -and exhausted, having fought the whole of the day without eating or -drinking, and led him away quietly, and without noise, to the castle of -Montlehery. - -Several of the king's army not having seen him thus led off the field, -and missing him, thought he was either slain or taken, and took to -flight. For this reason, the count du Maine, the lord admiral de -Montaulban, the lord de la Barde, and other captains, with seven or -eight hundred lances, abandoned the king in this state, and fled, -without having struck a blow during the whole of the day. Hence it is -notorious, that if all the royal army who were present at this battle -had behaved as courageously as their king, they would have gained a -lasting victory over the Burgundians,--for the greater part of them -were defeated, and put to flight. Many indeed were killed on the king's -side, as well as on that of the enemy,--for after the battle was ended, -there were found dead on the field three thousand six hundred, whose -souls may God receive! - -I shall not say more respecting this battle of Montlehery, as related -by Monstrelet; for it has been amply detailed by him, although he may -have been silent as to the whole truth of it. - -I have somewhere read, that, prior to this battle, the Burgundians -arrived at the town of St Denis, on a Friday, the 5th day of July, -in this same year, and attempted to cross the bridge of St Cloud (as -Monstrelet says), but were this time repulsed by the gallant resistance -of the nobles and other valiant French. The Burgundians then made an -attempt on the following Sunday, the 7th of July, to alarm Paris,--but -they gained nothing, for some of their men were slain by the artillery -on the walls, and the rest returned in haste to St Denis. The next day -they appeared again before the walls of Paris, and some with all their -artillery; but before they displayed the whole of their force, they -sent four heralds to the four different gates. Over the gate of St -Denis, as commanders for the day, were master Pierre l'Orfevre, lord of -Ermenonville, and master Jean de Poppincourt, lord of Cercelles, from -whom the heralds required provision for their army, and permission for -it to march through Paris. These demands they made with haughtiness -and menaces; and while the captains were listening to them, and before -they could give any answers, the Burgundians (thinking to surprise the -parisian guard, and those who were posted at the gates and barriers,) -advanced with a great body of men at arms as far as St Ladre and even -farther, intending to gain the newly-erected barriers in the suburbs, -and in front of that gate,--firing at the same cannons, serpentines, -and other artillery; but they were so valiantly resisted by the -inhabitants of Paris, and others resident therein, that they were -repulsed. Joachim Rohault came in person with his men to this conflict, -in which many of the Burgundians were slain and wounded, which caused -them to make a precipitate retreat without attempting any thing more. -They were afterward drawn up in battle-array before Paris, as has been -already related by Enguerrand de Monstrelet. - - - - -CHAP. LVIII. - - A TRUE ACCOUNT OF SEVERAL EVENTS THAT HAPPENED DURING THE REIGNS OF - KING CHARLES VII. AND HIS SON LOUIS XI. WHICH HAVE BEEN OMITTED, OR - SLIGHTLY MENTIONED, IN THE CHRONICLE OF ENGUERRAND DE MONSTRELET. - - -In order to make a regular report of many events that happened in -France and in the adjoining countries, I shall begin at the year 1460, -during the reign of king Charles VII. of France. At the commencement -of this year, the rivers Seine and Marne were greatly swelled; and the -Marne, near to St Maur des Fossés, rose in one night the height of a -man, and did very great damage to all the country round. - -This river caused such an inundation at the village of Claye[66] that -it swept away a mansion of the bishop of Meaux, which had lately had -two handsome towers added to it, with fair apartments, having glass -windows and mats, and richly furnished with beds, tapestry, and -wainscotting,--all of which the river destroyed and carried away. - -An unfortunate accident happened at the same time to the steeple of the -church of the abbey of Fêcamp, in Normandy, by lightning striking it -and setting it on fire, so that all the bells were completely melted -into one mass, which was a heavy loss to that abbey. - -At this same time, all France was wondering at the intelligence of a -young girl about eighteen years old, doing many wonderful things in the -town of Mans. It was said, that she was tormented by the devil, and -from this cause she leapt high in the air, screamed, and foamed at the -mouth, with many other astonishing gestures, by which she deceived all -who came to see her. At length, it was discovered to be a trick of a -wicked mad girl, instigated to these follies and devilments by certain -officers of the bishop of Mans, who maintained her, and did with her as -they pleased, which they wished to conceal, by means of those tricks -which they had induced her to play. - -I have found, towards the latter end of the chronicle of king Charles -VII. by the aforesaid Robert Gaguin, that in consequence of outrages -offered to king Henry of England by Richard duke of York and the earl -of Warwick, the duke of York was, shortly afterward, put to death -on the plains of Saint Alban's, by the duke of Somerset, cousin and -friend to the said king Henry, accompanied by others of his relatives -and party, (as has been more fully related by Monstrelet) and for this -cause the most victorious king Charles VII. had proclaimed, by sound -of trumpet, on the 3d of February, in this same year, at Rouen, and -throughout the towns on the seacoast of Normandy, his will and pleasure -that all Englishmen, of whatever rank, dress, or numbers, of the party -of king Henry of England and of queen Margaret, should be suffered to -land without any molestation or hinderance, without the necessity of -their having any passports from him, and that they should be allowed -thenceforward to remain peaceably in his kingdom so long as they should -please. - -This conduct shows the great courtesy and liberality of Charles VII.; -for he offered the free entrance into his kingdom to that king Henry, -and to his adherents, who had oftentimes done all in his power to annoy -him, as his most mortal enemy. - -On Tuesday the 21st day of July, in the year 1461, and on the day -preceding the death of king Charles VII. a very bright comet was seen -traversing the firmament, which, according to some, was a sign of the -death of so great a prince, and of other great events that were to -happen. - -Wednesday the 22d, the feast of the glorious virgin Mary, king Charles -departed this life, about two hours after mid-day, at the town of Mehun -sur Yevre. I pray, therefore, devoutly to God, that his soul may repose -in the blessed regions of Heaven; for he had ever been a prudent and -valiant prince, and left his kingdom, free from all external enemies, -in peace, with justice restored to his subjects. - -But his death, and noble interment in the church of St Denis, has been -already described by Enguerrand de Monstrelet, who also speaks of the -coronation of king Louis XI. at Rheims, and of his joyous entry into -Paris, and the feasts celebrated on the occasion. - -But I find in another chronicle of king Louis what has been omitted by -Monstrelet, that the said king when making his entry, on the last day -of August, passed over the Pont-aux-Changes, whereon were represented -many pageants,--and it was hung all over. At the moment the king -passed, two hundred dozen of birds, of all descriptions, were let -fly, which the bird-catchers of Paris are bounden by charter to do on -such occasions; for it is on this bridge that on feast-days they have -their market for the sale of all sorts of singing birds, and others, -according to their pleasure. - -All the streets through which the new king passed were hung with -tapestries. He went to the church of Nôtre Dame, to perform his -devotions, and thence returned to sup and lodge at his royal palace, as -is customary, and which has been before related. - -On the morrow, the first of September, the king quitted the palace, -and fixed his lodgings at his hôtel of the Tournelles, where he -resided for some time. While there, he made many new regulations for -the better government of his kingdom, and displaced several from their -offices,--such as the chancellor Juvenal des Ursins, the marshal and -admiral of France, the first president of the parliament of Paris, -the provost of Paris, and many others,--and in their places appointed -others. He also dismissed some of the masters of requests, secretaries, -counsellors, and clerks of the treasury, of the court of parliament, of -the chamber of accounts, and from the treasury and mint, replacing them -with new ones. - -The 3d of September in this year, king Louis, with some of his nobles -and gentlemen of his household, supped at the hôtel of master William -Corbie, then counsellor in his court of parliament, but whom he created -first president of his parliament of Dauphiny. At this entertainment -were present many notable damsels and citizens' wives of Paris. - -During the king's stay at Paris, he partook of several entertainments, -in divers hôtels of that city, with the utmost good humour. Having -taken handsome leave of that town, he departed for Amboise, as has -been already told in the chronicles of Monstrelet, who speaks at great -length of the actions of Philip duke of Burgundy and of his son the -count de Charolois. - -In the year 1460, nothing memorable happened, that deserved being -noticed in any of the chronicles. The ensuing year was, I find, very -productive in wines of a good quality in different countries: as for -other matters relating to princes, they have been fully detailed in the -chronicles before mentioned. - -FOOTNOTES: - -[Footnote 66: Claye,--a village in Brie, between Paris and Meaux, four -leagues from Meaux.] - - - - -CHAP. LIX. - - THE KING OF FRANCE COMES TO PARIS, AND RETURNS TO ROUEN.--THE - BASTARD DE REUBEMPRÉ IS ARRESTED ON THE COAST OF HOLLAND.--THE - KING GOES TO TOURS AND OTHER PLACES, AND THEN TO POITIERS, WHITHER - THE PARISIANS SEND HIM A DEPUTATION RESPECTING CERTAIN OF THEIR - FRANCHISES.--AMBASSADORS ARRIVE THERE FROM THE DUKE OF BRITTANY, WHO - CARRY OFF THE DUKE OF BERRY.--THE DEATH OF THE DUKE OF ORLEANS.--THE - DUKE OF BOURBON MAKES WAR ON THE KING OF FRANCE,--AND OTHER EVENTS - THAT HAPPENED IN THE YEAR MCCCCLXIV. OMITTED BY MONSTRELET,--AND SOME - FACTS RELATIVE TO THE DEATH OF THE GOOD POPE PIUS II. AND CONCERNING - POPE PAUL II. MORE THAN IS CONTAINED IN THE SAID CHRONICLES. - - -On the 7th day of May, in the year 1464, the king of France came to -Paris from Nogent le Roi,[67] where his queen had been delivered of -a fair daughter. The king supped that night at the hôtel of master -Charles d'Orgemont, lord of Mery, and discussed some public affairs. -He left Paris for the borders of Picardy, expecting to meet there -the ambassadors from king Edward of England, who did not keep their -appointment: finding they did not come, the king departed thence for -Rouen and other places in Normandy. - -At this time, a bylander was taken off the coast of Holland, by some -flemish vessels,--which bylander had on board the bastard of Reubempré, -with others, who were all made prisoners. The Flemings and Picards, -after this capture, published every where, that the king of France had -sent the bastard de Reubempré, with an armed force to seize and carry -off the count de Charolois, of which there were no proofs. - -The king soon left Normandy on his return to Nogent le Roi, and thence -went to Tours, Chinon, and Poitiers. At this last place, a deputation -from Paris waited on him, respecting certain of their privileges; but -they obtained little or nothing, except a remission of the tax on -fairs, which was a trifle,--and even that they did not enjoy, although -a donation had been made them of it, because the court of accounts, -to whom the orders for the remission had been addressed, would not -expedite the proper powers. - -Nearly at the same time, ambassadors from the duke of Brittany arrived -at Poitiers, with some propositions to the king, who, having heard what -they had to say, assented to the greater part of their demands. On -this being done, the ambassadors promised that the duke should come to -Poitiers, or elsewhere, according to the good pleasure of the king, to -ratify and confirm what had been agreed on and granted by his majesty. -The ambassadors then took their humble leave of the king, and, on -their departure, pretended to return home; but their intentions were -otherwise,--for, on setting out from Poitiers on a Saturday, they only -went four leagues, and remained there until the Monday, when the duke -of Berry left Poitiers secretly, during the absence of his brother the -king, and joined them. The ambassadors received him with joy, and made -all haste to carry him with them to Brittany, fearing they would be -pursued the moment the king should learn his brother's escape. - -After the departure of the duke of Berry from Poitiers, many others -went into Brittany; among the rest, the duke of Orleans left Poitiers; -but he was, shortly after, seized with so dangerous an illness, at -Châtelherault, that it proved fatal to him, and he was buried in the -church of St Sauveur, in the castle of Blois. - -The duke of Bourbon now declared war against the king of France -and his country, and seized all the finances belonging to the king -in the Bourbonnois. The duke made a pretence of arresting the lord -de Crussel, who was much in the king's confidence, for passing -through his territories with his wife, family and effects, without -first having demanded permission. A little afterwards, the lord de -Trainel,[68] late chancellor of France, and master Pierre d'Oriole, -superintendant-general of the king's finances, were arrested, and -detained a long time prisoner in the town of Moulins, but at length -were given up by the duke to the king. - -On the 15th day of May, sir Charles de Melun, lieutenant for the -king, master John Balue, elected bishop of Evreux, and master John le -Prevot, notary and secretary to the king, came to Paris, and read to -the magistrates, assembled in the town-house, some regulations with -which the king had charged them; which being done, they gave several -orders, subject to the king's pleasure, for the better defence of the -town,--such as the increasing of the nightly watch, additional guards -at some of the gates, and walling up others, and likewise for the -preparation of chains to be thrown across each street, should there -be any occasion for them. Other orders were issued, but it would be -tiresome to detail them all. - -About this time, an inventory was made of all the effects belonging to -Pierre Merin at Paris, which were seized on by the king, because the -said Merin, then treasurer to the duke of Berry, held for his lord the -town and tower of Bourges against the king. For this reason, the king -gave to James Tête-Clerc the office of usher to the treasury, which -Merin had held. - -In consequence of Anthony de Chabannes count de Dammartin's escape -from the bastile of St Anthony at Paris, wherein he had been confined -prisoner, as is related by Monstrelet, he found means to get possession -from Geoffroy Cœur, son to the late Jacques Cœur, of the towns of St -Forgeiul and St Maurice, and made Geoffroy himself his prisoner, laying -hands also on all his effects, which he found in these two places. - -The king of France advanced toward Angers and the Pont de Cé, to learn -the intentions of such as had absented themselves to join his brother -in Brittany. He was attended by the king of Sicily duke of Anjou, -and the count du Maine, followed by a considerable body of troops, -estimated at twenty or thirty thousand combatants. The king, perceiving -that much was not to be gained in that quarter, turned his march toward -Berry, and to the towns of Issoudun, Vierzon, Déols, and others in -that district, having with him a strong detachment from his army and -artillery. - -Here the two brothers, the king of Sicily and the count du Maine, -uncles to the king by the mother's side, left him, and hastened, -with a large force, to prevent the dukes of Berry and Brittany from -entering Normandy, or from doing mischief to any other part of the -kingdom. The king remained some time in Berry, and then departed for -the Bourbonnois; but he would not enter Bourges, because it was well -provided with a garrison of men at arms, under the command of the -bastard of Bourbon for the duke of Berry. - -The 14th or 15th of August, of this year 1464, pope Pius II. departed -this life, as is noted by Monstrelet. He was elected pope in the year -1458; and his name was Æneas Silvius, of the city of Sienna,[69] an -eloquent man, a great orator, and poet laureat. He had been ambassador -and secretary to the great emperor Sigismond, and has written a notable -treatise in the support of the authority of the council of Basil, with -several other fine books, of good doctrine. He canonised St Catherine -of Sienna, of the order of Franciscans, in the year 1461, and wrote -several elegant latin epistles to many of the Christian princes, to -urge them to a croisade against the infidels, as may now be seen in -his book of letters. He was, in consequence, surrounded by princes and -lords from divers countries, having with them large armies of men at -arms, and galleys and other vessels to transport them; so, when thus -assembled, they advanced with the pope as far as Ancona, where he was -met by the king of Hungary and a great army. But in the midst of these -grand and salutary preparations, the good pope Pius died at Ancona, -the day and year above mentioned. - -In the same year, Paul II. was elected his successor. Paul was a -Venetian, and gave his instant approbation for the celebration of the -feast of the said glorious virgin St Catherine of Sienna. He loved -justice, and was desirous of amassing wealth. He commenced the building -of a grand palace beside the church of St Mark at Rome. - -FOOTNOTES: - -[Footnote 67: Nogent le Roi,--a town in Beauce, near Maintenon.] - -[Footnote 68: Lord de Trainel. Juvenel des Ursins.] - -[Footnote 69: City of Sienna. Æneas Silvius Piccalomini was born 1405, -at Corfini, in the Siennois, which name he changed to Pienza. - -When he came to the pontificate, he changed the opinions he had -published in defence of the supreme authority of councils, and desired -that Æneas Silvius should be condemned, and the doctrines of pope Pius -II. followed. 'Honores mutant mores.' - -There are many editions of his epistles and works. The oldest copy of -the first, in my library, is a beautiful folio, printed by Zarothus, -Milan, the 31st May, 1481.] - - - - -CHAP. LX. - - THE KING OF FRANCE ENTERS THE BOURBONNOIS, AND TAKES MANY TOWNS AND - CASTLES.--EVENTS AT PARIS AND ELSEWHERE.--THE KING BESIEGES RIOMS, IN - AUVERGNE.--OTHER INCIDENTS UP TO THE PERIOD OF THE WAR OF MONTLEHERY, - OMITTED BY MONSTRELET. - - -The king of France now hastened to march into the Bourbonnois,--and -about Ascension-day, in the year 1405, the town of St Amand[70] was -taken by storm; and shortly after, the town and castle of Montluçon -surrendered on terms, in which were James de Bourbon and thirty-five -lances, who marched away in safety, with their baggage, having sworn -never more to bear arms against the king. - -At this period, arrived at Paris, the late chancellor de Trainel, -master Estienne, knight, Nicholas de Louviers, and master John des -Moulins, by whom the king wrote letters to his good inhabitants of -Paris, thanking them for their loyalty, and exhorting them to continue -and further persevere therein. He added, that he should send his queen -to be brought to bed of the child of which she was now big in his city -of Paris, as the town he loved in preference to all others. - -It happened, that as John de la Hure, a merchant of Sens, his nephew, -and others in his company, were lodging, on the last day but one of May -in this year, at an inn near to a windmill at Moret in the Gâtinois, -called Moulin Basset, they were attacked by a band of twenty or thirty -horsemen from St Forgeiul and St Maurice, and carried away prisoners, -with all their merchandise and other effects. - -On the 6th day of June, a bonnet-maker called Jean Marceau, an elderly -man, hung himself in his house, opposite to the sign of the Golden -Beard, in the rue de St Denis. He was, when discovered, quite dead, was -cut down, and carried to the Châtelet for examination,--which being -over, he was carried and hung on the common gibbet at Paris. At the -same time, a labourer of Aignancourt, named John Petit, cut his wife's -throat. - -At this period, the bastard and marshal of Burgundy won the towns of -Roye and Mondidier, as mentioned by Monstrelet. - -On the Sunday following, the 9th of June, was a general procession made -in Paris, which was very handsome, having the shrines of the blessed St -Marcel, and of the glorious virgin St Genevieve, with other holy relics -from different churches. It moved with grand solemnity to the church of -Nôtre Dame, where high mass was celebrated to the virgin Mary,--after -which, a sermon was preached to the people by master John de l'Olive, -doctor in divinity, who declared the cause of this procession was for -the health and prosperity of the king and queen, and the fruit of her -womb, and likewise for peace and good union between the king and the -princes of the blood, and for the welfare of the realm. - -While the king was in the Bourbonnois, he went to St Pourçain,[71] -whither his sister, the duchess of Bourbon, came to confer with him, -and to endeavour to bring about an accommodation between him and her -husband, whose quarrels had much vexed her,--but at this time she -failed. While this was passing, the duke of Bourbon quitted Moulins, -and went to Riom in Auvergne. - -The government in Paris ordered the gates of St Martin, Montmartre, the -Temple, St Germain des Près, St Victor and St Michel, to be walled up, -and the drawbridges taken away, and a good guard to be kept during the -night on the walls. - -The town of St Maurice, now occupied by the count de Dammartin, was -ordered to be besieged, by the bailiff of Sens, sir Charles de Melun, -with a large body of the commonalty. Sir Anthony, bailiff of Melun, was -sent to reinforce him with a body of archers and cross-bows from the -town of Paris. - -About this time, an unfortunate accident happened to master Louis de -Tilliers, notary and secretary to the king, treasurer of Carcassonne, -and comptroller of salt in Berry, and attached to sir Anthony de -Châteauneuf lord de Lau. An archer was trying the strength of his -bow against a door, just as master Louis was opening it to come out, -and the arrow passed through his body. He was laid on a couch in his -chamber, where he soon after expired, and rendered up his soul to God. - -On St John Baptist's day, the 24th of June, as some youths were bathing -themselves in the Seine, they were drowned; which caused a proclamation -to be made in all the quarters of Paris, to forbid any one in future -to bathe in the river,--and to order all persons to have daily before -their doors a tub full of water, under pain of imprisonment, and a fine -of sixty sols parisis, for each omission or neglect. - -Orders were issued, on the morrow, for the chains to be taken down -from across the streets, and to remain on the ground,--but care was to -be taken to have them in a proper state for being replaced, in case -of necessity, under heavy penalties for neglect. It was also ordered, -that every person in Paris should provide himself with sufficient -armour, according to his station in life, for the defence of the town, -and should hold himself in constant readiness to oppose any attack. -These orders were delivered in writing to every one of the principal -inhabitants. - -In this year, a large army of Burgundians, Picards, and others, under -the command of the count de Charolois, son to duke Philip of Burgundy, -excited by malice and ambition, marched into France, and gained the -town of Pont St Maixence, through the means of one called Mardé,[72] -governor of it for master Peter l'Orfevre lord of Ermenonville, -who delivered it up to them for a sum of money which he received -from the count de Charolois. They thence advanced into the Isle of -France, under pretence that they were come for the public good, but -it was not so. They marched to Saint Denis, to the walls of Paris, -and to Montlehery, where a great battle was fought, as described by -Monstrelet. As I have, in my first chapter, recapitulated this affair, -I shall not further touch on it, but relate some events that preceded -it. - -The king of France now laid siege to Riom in Auvergne,--in which town -were the dukes of Bourbon and Nemours, the count d'Armagnac, the lord -d'Albret and others. The king's army was as handsome and well appointed -as could be seen, for he had with him several renowned captains,--and -the whole was estimated at twenty-four thousand combatants. During this -siege, the Parisians, hearing of the rapid marches of the Burgundians -towards Paris, established a numerous horse-patrole, which nightly went -round the walls, from midnight until day the next morning, having for -their captains, each night, men of approved valour. - -On Monday, the 2d of July, master John Balue, bishop of Evreux, -commanded the nightly guard in Paris: he took with him the company of -Joachim Rohault, and went his rounds on the walls with trumpets and -clarions sounding, which had never in those times been before done by -the city-watch. - -Wednesday, the 4th of July, the king of France, while he was besieging -Riom, sent letters by sir Charles de Charlay,[73] his knight of the -Paris-watch, addressed to sir Charles de Melun, his lieutenant in -Paris, and to Joachim Rohault, thanking the good citizens for their -loyalty towards him, and begging them to persevere with courage in -their good intentions for the welfare of his kingdom, for that within -fifteen days he would be with his whole army at Paris. He likewise sent -them verbal information by the mouth of the said de Charlay, of the -treaty he had concluded with the dukes of Bourbon and Nemours, and the -lords d'Armagnac and d'Albret, who had each of them promised loyally -to serve, and live and die for him. These lords had also promised -to exert themselves to the utmost of their power to bring about a -reconciliation with the other princes, and a peace between them and the -king. - -To accomplish this, commissioners were to be sent to the king at Paris, -by these four lords, on or before the feast of the Assumption of our -Lady, the middle of August next, to negotiate a general peace; and in -case the other princes should refuse to listen to, or accept, terms of -peace, they had promised and sworn that henceforward they would never -bear arms against the king, but would live and die for him in the -defence of his kingdom. The four lords had sworn to these engagements -at Moissac, near to Riom; and for further security of keeping these -promises, they had bound themselves, in the presence of two apostolical -notaries, to submit to the severest pains of excommunication should -they, jointly or individually, act in any way contrary to these said -engagements. - -For joy of this intelligence, the Parisians resolved to have, on the -Friday following, a general procession made to the church of Saint -Catherine du Val des écoliers, which was done with much devotion -and solemnity. The sermon was preached that day by master Jean -Pain-et-Chair, doctor in divinity. - -The ensuing Wednesday, the 11th of July, a proclamation was made in -all the public places at Paris, that every householder should keep a -lantern and candle burning before his dwelling during the night,--and -that all persons having dogs must confine them, on pain of death. On -the Friday, the main body of the Burgundians arrived at St Denis, to -execute their intended enterprises against Paris and the royal army at -Montlehery, as has been described by Enguerrand de Monstrelet. - -FOOTNOTES: - -[Footnote 70: St Amand,--in the Bourbonnois, seven leagues from -Bourges.] - -[Footnote 71: St Pourçain,--in Auvergne, eight leagues from Moulins.] - -[Footnote 72: Mardé. In the Chronique Scandaleuse, from whence this is -taken, it is Madre.] - -[Footnote 73: Charles de Charlay. Jean de Harlay.] - - - - -CHAP. LXI. - - THE KING COMES TO PARIS AFTER THE BATTLE OF MONTLEHERY.--SEVERAL - PERSONS ARE EXECUTED THERE.--EVENTS THAT FOLLOWED THE BATTLE OF - MONTLEHERY, WHICH HAVE BEEN OMITTED BY ENGUERRAND DE MONSTRELET. - - -The king of France came to Paris, the 18th day of July, after the -battle of Montlehery, and supped that night at the hôtel of his -lieutenant-general, sir Charles de Melun,--where, according to the -account of Robert Gaguin, a large company of great lords, damsels, -and citizens' wives supped with him, to whom he related all that had -happened to him at Montlehery. - -During the recital, he made use of such doleful expressions that -the whole company wept and groaned at his melancholy account. He -concluded by saying, that if it pleased God, he would soon return to -attack his enemies, and either die or obtain vengeance on them, in the -preservation of his rights. - -He, however, acted differently, having been better advised; but it -must be observed, that some of his warriors behaved in a most cowardly -manner,--for had they all fought with as much courage as the king, he -would have gained a complete victory over his enemies. - -On the 19th of July, a gentleman, named Laurence de Mory, near -Mitry,[74] who had been imprisoned in the bastile of St Anthony, for -having favoured the Burgundians, and for having led them to the houses -of certain citizens of Paris, in the villages near that city, in order -that they might plunder and destroy them, was tried by commissioners -appointed for the purpose, who found him guilty of high treason, -and consequently sentenced him to be quartered at the market-place -of Paris,--and his effects were confiscated to the king's use. Mory -appealed to the court of parliament; and, from respect to that body, -his execution was deferred for a day. On the morrow, the parliament, -having heard the appeal, sentenced Mory to be hanged on the gallows at -Paris, which was done that same day. - -This same Saturday, the 20th of July, master William Charretier, bishop -of Paris, accompanied by other counsellors and churchmen, waited on the -king, at his hôtel of the Tournelles, near the bastile of St Anthony, -as Gaguin relates,--when the bishop addressed him in an eloquent and -wise oration, tending to request, that the king henceforward would -have the public affairs conducted and governed by wise counsellors, -which the king promised that he would. In consequence of this, eighteen -prudent men were selected to be of the king's council, namely, six from -the court of parliament, six learned men chosen from the university, -and six from the municipal counsellors of the city of Paris. - -The king, finding that he had many enemies within his realm, considered -on the means of procuring additional men at arms to those he had,--and -it was calculated how many he could raise within Paris: for this -purpose, it was ordered, that an enrolment should be made of all -capable of bearing arms, so that every tenth man might be selected to -serve the king. This, however, did not take place,--for such numbers -of men at arms now joined the king that there was no need of such a -measure. - -The king was very much distressed to get money for the pay of these -troops, and great sums were wanted; for those towns which had been -assigned for the payment of a certain number of men at arms, being -now in the possession of the rebellious princes, paid no taxes -whatever to the crown, for they would not permit any to be collected -in those districts. His majesty was, therefore, constrained to -attempt to borrow from some of his officers and others in the city -of Paris,--but when the proposal was made to them, they refused, at -least to advance the whole of the sum that was demanded. For this -refusal, some of them were told, in the king's name, that they were -deprived of their offices,--such as master John Cheneteau, clerk to the -court of parliament, master Martin Picard, counsellor in the chamber -of accounts, and several others. In the interval, other means were -employed. - -On Friday, the 26th day of July, the king ordered two hundred lances -to remain for the defence of Paris, under the command of the bastard -d'Armagnac, sir Giles de St Simon, bailiff of Senlis, the lord de -la Barde, Charles des Marêts, and sir Charles de Melun, who, at the -request of some prelates, of the provosts and sheriffs, was appointed -lieutenant for the king of the said town of Paris. - -A person, called John de Bourges, clerk and servant to master John -Berard, king's counsellor in the parliament, who had been confined -a prisoner, together with Gratian Meriodeau and Francis Meriodeau -his brother, for having quitted Paris, and gone into Brittany to the -duke of Berry, conspiring against the person of the king, was, on the -27th day of July, taken out of the bastile of St Anthony, with his -fellow-prisoner, Francis Meriodeau,--and, by sentence of the provost of -the marshals, they were drowned in the Seine by the hangman of Paris, -in front of the tower of Billy, near to the said bastile. And on the -following Monday, the 31st of July, the said Gratian, who had been -king's notary in the Châtelet, was likewise taken out of the bastile -and drowned at the same place, and in the same manner as the two others -had been. - -In like manner was drowned a poor man, a mason's labourer, whom the -wife of master Odo de Bucy[75] had sent from Paris with letters to -her husband, an advocate in the court of the Châtelet, and then at -Estampes. Odo de Bucy was attached to the brother of the count de -St Pol, and with him at Estampes, with the other rebellious lords. -The labourer brought back answers to the letters, and was paid, for -each day he had been out, two sols parisis. For this, however, he was -imprisoned, and condemned to be drowned at the same place where the -others had suffered. On the morrow, the wife of Odo was banished Paris: -she went to St Antoine des Champs, where she resided until peace was -made between the king and the princes of France. - -The princes now advanced to St Maur des Fosses, Conflans, and before -Paris, after having staid some days at Estampes, as has been related -in the chronicles of Monstrelet. - -On the 3d of August, the king, having a singular desire to afford some -comfort to the inhabitants of his good town of Paris, lowered the -duties on all wines sold by retail within that town, from a fourth to -an eighth; and ordained that all privileged persons should fully and -freely exercise their privileges as they had done during the reign of -his late father, the good Charles VII. whose soul may God pardon! He -also ordered that every tax paid in the town, but those on provision, -included in the six revenue-farms, which had been disposed of in the -gross, should be abolished, namely, the duties on wood-yards, on the -sales of cattle, on cloth sold by wholesale, on sea-fish, and others; -which was proclaimed that same day they were taken off, by sound of -trumpets, in all the squares of the town, in the presence of sir Denis -Hesselin, the receiver of the taxes within the said town. On this being -made public, the populace shouted for joy, sang carols in the streets, -and at night made large bonfires. - -The next day, being Sunday the 4th of August, the reverend father in -God master John Balue was consecrated bishop of Evreux, in the church -of Nôtre Dame in Paris; and this same day the king supped at the hôtel -of his treasurer of finance, master Estienne Chevalier. - -On Tuesday, the 6th of August, according to Gaguin, was beheaded at -the market-place in Paris, a youth called master Pierre de Gueroult, -a native of Lusignan, and afterward quartered, according to the -sentence of the provost of the marshals, he having confessed that he -had come from Brittany to inform the king that some of his principal -captains, though serving under him, were otherwise inclined, which was -meant solely to create suspicions of them in the king's mind. He had -likewise accused many notable persons in Paris of being disloyal to the -king. He had also confessed that he was a spy, to see and carry back -to the princes and lords that were in rebellion against the king an -exact account of the state of Paris, and of the king's preparations, -that they might be the better enabled to carry on their damnable -enterprises. It was for these crimes that he was executed, and his -effects confiscated to the king. - -During this time, the Burgundians and Bretons made two attempts to -cross the Seine and Yonne; but two good and loyal captains on the -king's side, called Salezart and Malortie, resisted them valiantly each -time with the few men they had. - -In this month of August, the franc-archers from the bailiwicks of Caen -and Alençon, in Normandy, arrived at Paris, and were distributed into -quarters, as follows: those from Caen, clothed in jackets, on which was -embroidered the word 'Caen,' were lodged in the Temple and within its -precincts. Those from Alençon dressed likewise in jackets, with the -words 'Audi partem' embroidered on them, were lodged in the quarter of -the Temple beyond the old gate thereof. - -Proclamation was made throughout Paris, on the 13th of August, for all -persons having willow-beds, or poplars, growing near to the walls, to -cut them down within two days after this proclamation, or they would be -abandoned to whoever would cut them down and carry them off. On this -day, the count d'Eu came to Paris, as lieutenant-general for the king, -and was decently received as such by the town. - -Whilst the Burgundians were skirmishing before the walls of Paris, an -usher of the court of Châtelet, called Cassin Cholet, had ran through -the streets, crying out, 'Get into your houses, and shut your doors, -for the Burgundians have entered the town of Paris,' which caused -many women to fall in labour before their time, and others to lose -their senses. For this cause, he was imprisoned, and, on the 14th of -August, was sentenced by the provost of Paris to be flogged through the -streets in which he had caused such an alarm, to be deprived of all -his offices, and confined for a month on bread and water. He was tied -to the tail of a filthy dung-cart, that had just been employed on its -stinking business, flogged in all the squares, and then returned to -prison.[76] - -About this time, two hundred archers on horseback, tolerably well -appointed, arrived in Paris, under the command of one called Mignon. -In the number were many armed with strong cross-bows, veuglaires, and -hand-culverins. In the rear of this company came, on horseback, eight -wanton women, sinners, with a black monk for their confessor. - -At this period, sir Charles de Melun, who had been the king's -lieutenant in Paris, was dismissed from his office, and the count -d'Eu appointed in his stead. The king made sir Charles, in lieu of -his lieutenancy, grand master of his household, and gave him also the -bailiwick of Evreux, of which place, and of Honnefleur, he appointed -him governor.[77] - -FOOTNOTES: - -[Footnote 74: Mitry,--a town in Brie, five leagues from Meaux.] - -[Footnote 75: Odo de Bucy. This may be Oudart de Bussy, who was -afterwards hanged at Hêdin.--See Supplement to Comines, 4to. vol. iv.] - -[Footnote 76: The king saw this execution in one of the squares, -and cried out to the executioner, 'Strike hard, and don't spare the -scoundrel, for he has deserved a severer punishment.' - -_La Chronique Scandaleuse._] - -[Footnote 77: He was called the Sardanapalus of his time,--the -swallower of wines and soups. He was afterwards beheaded at -Andely.--_Cabinet de Louis XI._ No. 1. vol. ii. Comines.] - - - - -CHAP. LXII. - - THE BURGUNDIANS AND BRETONS QUARTER THEMSELVES ROUND PARIS; ON WHICH - ACCOUNT, THE CITIZENS ADD TO THE FORTIFICATIONS OF THEIR TOWN DURING - THE KING'S ABSENCE IN NORMANDY.--THE KING RETURNS TO PARIS, WHEN - SEVERAL SALLIES ARE MADE THENCE ON THE ENEMY, DURING THE LIEUTENANCY - OF THE COUNT D'EU.--OTHER EVENTS OMITTED BY MONSTRELET. - - -The Burgundians and Bretons, having recruited themselves in Brie and -the Gâtinois, returned, on the feast of the Assumption of our Lady, to -Lagny sur Marne, and, on the ensuing Friday, fixed their quarters at -Creil, and other places on the river Seine, around Paris. The Parisians -were alarmed lest an attempt should be made on their town during the -king's absence, as it had been rumoured among them, that one called -master Girault, a cannonier of the Burgundians, had boasted that he -would plant a battery on the dung-heaps fronting the gates of St Denis -and St Anthony, that should destroy that part of the town, and greatly -damage the walls. It was therefore ordered, that one person from each -house in Paris should go, on the morrow, with shovels and pick-axes to -these dung-heaps, and level them with the ground: little, however, was -done,--and the heaps remained as they were. On this occasion, sheds, -bulwarks and trenches, were made on the outside of the walls, not only -for the better defence of the town, but for the security of the guards. - -The following Saturday, a number of the principal inhabitants, -and others, waited on the count d'Eu, the king's lieutenant, and -remonstrated strongly with him on the necessity of concluding a -permanent peace between the king and the rebellious princes, for the -general welfare and comfort of the kingdom. The count replied to them, -that as the king, when he made him his lieutenant, had given him full -powers to act for him, and for his kingdom, in such wise as might be -the most profitable for both, the which he was bounden to do,--he would -employ every possible means to bring about a general pacification, -and, if necessary, would go in person to the enemy's quarters. Many -fair offers were made to this effect to the Parisians by the count -d'Eu, and master John de Poppincourt, his adviser.[78] - -The Burgundians and Bretons advanced, on the Monday, nearer to Paris; -and on the following day, the count d'Eu sent the lord de Rambures to -them, to learn their intentions, and if they had any propositions to -make. On the morrow, the lord de Rambures returned; but little was said -of what he had done in his conference with the confederated lords. On -the Thursday following, the 22d of August, the Burgundians and Bretons -intended to have skirmished before the walls of Paris, but a large -force issued out against them. At this moment, a breton archer of the -body to the duke of Berry, accoutred in brigandines, covered with black -velvet, with gilt nails, wearing a hood on his head ornamented with -tassels of silver gilt, struck a horse on the flanks and thighs which -bore one of the king's men at arms, who wheeling about to return to -Paris, his horse fell dead under him; but an archer of the count d'Eu's -company, seeing what had passed, hastily advanced, and thrust a half -pike through the body of the archer, who fell dead on the spot. He then -despoiled him of his dress, and carried that and his horse into Paris, -leaving him naked all but his shirt. - -At this time, the king removed the queen from Amboise to Orleans; and -on the following Thursday he supped in Paris, at the house of the lord -d'Ermenonville, where he made good cheer. He carried with him the count -du Perche, William de Bischguiot, Durie, Jacques de Crevecœur, the lord -de Craon, sir Yves du Sau, sir Gastonnet du Léon, Nuast de Mompedon, -Guillaume le Cointe, and master Regnault des Dormans.--The women were, -the damsel d'Ermenonville, La Longue Joye, and the duchess of Longueil: -the other women of low degree were, Estiennette de Paris, Perrette de -Châlons, and Jeanne Baillette. - -On the 22d of this month, the king went to meet the confederated -princes, with few attendants and without any guards, as far as La -Grange aux Merciers; but the duke of Berry was not there. The duke of -Bourbon had some conversation on the Thursday with the king, in the -open space before Paris, beyond the ditch of La Grange de Ruilly. The -king was that day more decently dressed than usual, for he had on a -purple flowing robe, fully trimmed with ermine, that became him much -more than those short dresses he generally wore. - -On the following Saturday, the count de Charolois quitted his army, and -had it proclaimed through his camp, that all should be ready prepared, -under pain of death, to march instantly against the Liegeois, who were -destroying his country with fire and sword. - -On the Sunday, Monday, and Tuesday, the duke of Berry, who was lodged -at St Maur des Fossés, was attacked with fever, which lasted these -three days, when he was cured. - -The king had, this Monday, fires lighted, and a strict watch kept up in -Paris, and the chains fastened across the principal streets, as had -been always done since the re-appearance of the Burgundians. - -On the Thursday, the duke of Berry, with the other princes of the -blood, were lodged at the palace of Beauté, as has been told by -Monstrelet; but I find in another authentic chronicle, and even in -Gaguin, that he sent some of his heralds to Paris, who carried four -letters,--one to the burghers and inhabitants of that town, another -to the university, another to the clergy, and another to the court of -parliament. The contents of all were the same, namely, that he and -the other princes of the blood had assembled and come thither for the -general good of France, and that the town should send to him five or -six burghers of note, to hear the reasons why he and those of his -kindred had thought themselves obliged to take up arms for the welfare -of the kingdom. - -In compliance with these letters, and that the inhabitants might -learn the reasons of their conduct from their own mouths, the town -delegated for this purpose, master Jean Choart, then lieutenant-civil -at the court of the Châtelet, master Francis Hasle, advocate in the -parliament, and Arnault L'Huillier, banker in Paris. The delegates from -the clergy were master Thomas de Courcelles, dean of Paris, master John -l'Olive, doctor in divinity, and master Eustache L'Huillier, advocate -in the parliament. The parliament deputed master John le Boulengier, -master John le Sellier, archdeacon of Brie, and master Jacques -Fournier. The deputies from the university were master Jacques Ming, -lecturer to the faculty of arts; master John L'Huillier, for divinity; -master John de Montigny, for civil law; master Anguerant de Parenti, -for physic. They were all assembled and presented to the princes by the -reverend father in God master William Chartier bishop of Paris. - -News arrived this day that master Pierre d'Oris,[79] superintendant of -the king's finances, had left him and joined the duke of Berry. - -The above-mentioned delegates having waited on the confederated princes -at Beauté, returned to the hôtel des Tournelles at Paris, where they -met the count d'Eu, to whom they related what had passed, and the -proposals they had received from these princes. - -On Saturday, the 24th of August, the university, the clergy, the court -of parliament, with the municipal officers of the town, were assembled -at the town-house to hear the report of their delegates, and to form -resolutions thereon. It was resolved, that in regard to the request -made by the princes for the assembling of the three estates of the -realm, it was just and reasonable, and that a passage should be granted -them through Paris, and provisions afforded them, on paying for what -they should receive; at the same time, they must give good security -that no riots or disorders should be committed by their men, and these -resolutions were to be subject to the approbation of the king,--and the -delegates were ordered to carry back this answer to the princes. - -On this same Saturday, a muster was made in Paris, not only of the -king's men at arms but of all others capable of bearing arms, so that -it was a fine sight. First marched on foot the archers from Normandy; -then the archers on horseback; then the men at arms of the companies -of the count d'Eu, of the lord de Craon, of the lord de la Barde, -and of the bastard of Maine, to the amount of four or five hundred -well appointed lances, exclusive of infantry to the amount of sixteen -hundred, all men of good courage. - -This day, the king sent letters to Paris, to say that he was at -Chartres with his uncle the count du Maine, and a considerable army, -and that within three or four days he should come to Paris. This day -also arrived at Paris the admiral de Montauban, with a large force of -men at arms. - -The duke of Berry, who had gone with his attendants to St Denis, -returned to Beauté, fearing the king's return. Wednesday, the 28th of -August, the king did return to Paris, as Monstrelet has related; but -he has omitted, what I have found in another chronicle, namely, that -the king was attended by the count du Maine and the lord de Penthievre -and others; that he brought back the artillery he had taken with him, -and a large body of pioneers from Normandy, who were all lodged in the -king's hôtel of St Pol. The populace were much rejoiced at his return, -and sang carols in all the streets through which he passed. - -The next day, the Burgundians came to skirmish before the walls of -Paris; but so great a number of the king's men at arms sallied forth, -with artillery, that they were forced to return, but not without having -had many of their men killed and dismounted. The following Friday, -several large convoys of flour, and other provisions, arrived at Paris -from Normandy: in the number, two horse-loads of eel pies of Gort were -brought from Mantes, and sold in the poultry-market, in front of the -Châtelet at Paris. - -In the afternoon of this day, Poncet de Riviere, with his company, -amounting to three or four hundred horse, made a sally, in the -expectation of meeting the Burgundians or Bretons, but was -disappointed, so nothing was done. On the night of this day, the -Burgundians dislodged from La Grange aux Merciers, because the king's -artillery were within shot of them. When they dislodged, they unroofed -the building, and carried off all the wood-work, such as doors, -windows, &c. to make themselves sheds elsewhere, or for fire-wood. - -On this day, according to Robert Gaguin, the king banished five of the -delegates who had been at Beauté from Paris: their names were, master -John L'Huillier, curate of St Germain, master Eustache L'Huillier -and Arnoult L'Huillier, his brothers, master John Choart, and master -Francis Hasle, advocate in the parliament. - -Several gallant sallies were made, on the following Saturday, from -the gates of St Denis and St Antoine,--at the first of which, an -archer on the king's side was killed, and on the part of the enemy -many were slain and wounded. This day, the king sallied forth from -his bulwark of the tower of Billy, and thence ordered three or four -hundred of the pioneers from Normandy to cross the Seine, to work -on the Port à l'Anglois, and opposite to Conflans, for it was said, -that the Burgundians designed to throw a bridge over that part of the -river,--and the king ordered a strong guard of observation to be posted -there. The king followed the pioneers, and crossed the Seine by a -ferry without dismounting. - -On Sunday, the first day of September, the Burgundians threw a bridge -over the river at the Port à l'Anglois; but the moment they were about -to march over, a body of franc-archers, with others of the king's -troops, made their appearance, with artillery and other engines, and -attacked the Burgundians so sharply that they slew many and forced them -to retreat. - -While this engagement was going on, a Norman swam over the river, and -cut the cables that supported the bridge, so that it fell and floated -down the stream. The Burgundians were likewise forced to move their -quarters further from the walls, as the king's artillery annoyed them -much. The Burgundians played their artillery also against the Port à -l'Anglois, by which a Norman gentleman had his head carried away by a -shot from a culverin. - -This day, two embassies came to the king at Paris,--one from the duke -of Nemours, the other from the count d'Armagnac. A fine sally was made -on the same day, by sir Charles de Melun, the captain Malortie, and -their companies, who had a successful skirmish with the Burgundians. -This day also, there arrived from Anjou about four hundred men, armed -with large cross-bows, who were instantly marched against the enemy, -when two of the king's archers were killed and one taken,--but seven -Burgundians were slain, and two made prisoners. - -On this Sunday, the duke of Somerset came from the confederates, under -passports, to the king, with whom he had a long conversation in the -bastile of St Anthony. He was then offered refreshments,--and, on -taking his leave, the king, as it rained, gave him his cloak, which was -of black velvet. - -On Monday, the 2d of September, the count du Maine, who was lodged at -Paris opposite to the king, sent to the duke of Berry two tuns of red -wine, four hogsheads of vin de Beaume, and a horse-load of apples, -cabbages and turnips. - -FOOTNOTES: - -[Footnote 78: He was son to Jean de Popaincourt, first president of the -parliament of Paris, and died president à Mortier 1480. It was he who, -in December 1475, pronounced sentence of death on the constable de St -Pol.--_Note in_ Comines, vol. ii. p. 25.] - -[Footnote 79: D'Oris,--d'Oriole, afterward chancellor of France, and -well known in the history of Louis XI.] - - - - -CHAP. LXIII. - - COMMISSIONERS APPOINTED BY THE KING AND THE CONFEDERATES TO SETTLE - THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THEM.--THE NOBLES OF NORMANDY COME TO PARIS - TO SERVE THE KING.--SEVERAL SALLIES AND ASSAULTS ON EACH SIDE.--OTHER - EVENTS THAT HAPPENED IN THIS SAME YEAR MCCCCLXV, OMITTED BY - MONSTRELET, UNTIL THE FINAL PEACE BETWEEN THE KING AND THE PRINCES. - - -On Tuesday, the 2d of September, after several parleys, commissioners -were at length named by the king and the confederates to settle their -differences. On the part of the king were selected the count du Maine -and the lord de Precigny,[80] president of the parliament of Toulouse. -On the part of the confederates, the duke of Calabria, the count de St -Pol, and the count de Dunois. - -This day, the magazine of gunpowder at the gate of the Temple -accidentally took fire, where were eight pieces of artillery ready for -firing,--and by this accident they went off, and blew away the roof of -the gateway. - -When these commissioners met, after some few preliminaries were -settled, they agreed on a truce until the Thursday following, which -prevented any hostile attempts on either side. During this term, each -party fortified itself as well as it could; but, nevertheless, both -parties conversed together until Thursday came. As the count du Maine -was passing through the gate of St Anthony, on his return from the -Burgundians, he bade the porters be of good cheer; for, if it pleased -God, before eight days were over, they should all have good cause to -rejoice and sing carols. - -This day, the truce was prolonged to the ensuing Wednesday; and on the -Friday the commissioners assembled, in consultation, at La Grange aux -Merciers, in a pavilion that had been pitched for that purpose. - -During the truce, about two thousand of the most decent of the Bretons -and Burgundians came in great pomp, to show themselves, as far as the -ditches behind St Antoine aux Champs, whither several of the Parisians -came out to see and converse with them, although the king had forbidden -it, and was so much displeased, when he saw them doing so, that he was -tempted to fire at them with the serpentines and other cannon, that -were ready loaded, from the tower of Billy. - -Sunday, the 8th of September, being the feast of the Nativity of the -Virgin, the king set out from the hôtel of the Tournelles, to go to the -cathedral; and as he passed by the church of the Magdalen, he entered -himself a companion of the great brotherhood of the burghers of Paris, -in which he was followed by the bishop of Evreux and others of the -nobility. The next day, the Burgundians and Bretons took possession of -the vineyards at Aignancourt, La Courtille, and others round Paris, and -made wine for their own drinking, although the grapes were not ripe. -This forced the Parisians to do the same at other vineyards; and the -wines, consequently, were thin and weak. - -Many nobles from Normandy now arrived at Paris to serve the king in his -wars, and were quartered, with their men, in the suburbs of St Marcel. -Among them were some loose companions, who committed many robberies -and riots, which being opposed by the inhabitants, made them attempt -to enter Paris by force. As the burghers resisted, the Normans abused -them much, by calling them Traitors and Burgundians; adding, that they -would bring them to understand things better,--for that they had only -come from Normandy to Paris to put them to death, and pillage them. -This conduct, according to master Robert Gaguin, was heavily complained -of; and examinations having taken place in consequence, the ringleader -of these riots was condemned to make an amende honorable, before the -town-hall, to the procurator of the said town. This was publicly done -by the criminal, bareheaded, ungirdled, with a lighted torch in his -hand; and when he was arrived in front of the town-hall, he declared -that he had falsely and wickedly lied in uttering the above words, and -begged to be pardoned for having so done; after which declaration, he -had his tongue pierced with a hot iron, and was then banished for ever. - -The following Monday, some of the Burgundians came to show themselves -before Paris, among whom was the count de St Pol,--and the king issued -out of the town to confer with him. They were about two hours in -conversation; and the king gave him the count du Maine as an hostage, -who remained in the burgundian camp until the return of the count de St -Pol. - -This same day, according to Gaguin, the king said to some of the -Parisians, at the gate of St Anthony, on his return from this -conference, that the Burgundians should not, in future, give them the -trouble they had done, for that he would defend them well. An attorney -of the Châtelet, named Pierre Beron, replied, 'Indeed, sire! but they -vintage and eat our grapes without any remedy being provided against -them.' The king answered, that it was better they should eat their -grapes than enter Paris and seize their plate and valuables, which they -had hidden in their cellars. - -The following Friday, two hundred horse-loads of salt fish, and other -sorts, arrived at the Paris-market, in spite of the Burgundians, -Bretons, and others, who had threatened to reduce the inhabitants to -eat their cats and rats. - -The truce was again prolonged several times, and at length until the -18th of September,--during which, the Burgundians victualled their -camps well, at the expense of the poor people in the country around. -There cannot be a doubt but that if the king had been willing to have -risked a general engagement, provided he had been faithfully served by -his captains, he would have reduced his enemies to such a state that -they would have been unable to return to the countries they had come -from, and would have fully repaid them for having insulted Paris. - -On Wednesday, the 18th, all hopes of a peace were at an end,--for, -notwithstanding the frequent conferences of the commissioners, all -was broken off; and on this day the blockade of the Port à l'Anglois -was raised by the king, and the men at arms were lodged in the -carthusian convent: they were six hundred men, with their horses and -attendants,--which so completely filled the convent that the holy -religious men were driven from their cells and places of devotion. - -On the morrow, a grand council was held in the hall of the court of -exchequer, at which were present all the aldermen and the deputies of -the sixteen wards, together with a number of counsellors from the court -of parliament and other officers. The chancellor, Morvilliers, then -explained to them, in the king's name, what great offers he had made -to the princes before Paris, in answer to their demands respecting the -appanage of his brother, the duke of Berry, for whom they required the -duchies of Guienne, Poitou, and Saintonge, or the duchy of Normandy. -The king's commissioners had replied to this, that his majesty -could not dismember the domains of the crown; and the king afterward -offered to give his brother, in lieu of these duchies, the counties of -Champagne and Brie, reserving to himself the towns of Meaux, Montereau, -and Melun. - -The chancellor said, that the count de Charolois and the others -had made exorbitant demands for repayment of their expenses; which -expenses, indeed, ought not to be greatly objected against, but -they would not accept of any thing less than the whole of their -demands,--and there the matter now rested until the following Friday. -On this day, the young seneschal of Normandy[81] sallied out of Paris, -with six hundred well-appointed horse, to skirmish with the enemy, -which they did most valiantly. Among the vineyards of St Antoine des -Champs, four-and-twenty Burgundians and others, pillagers, were made -prisoners. They were almost all naked, and very badly drest, and sold -by auction, four for a golden crown, which was then worth twenty-six -sols, six deniers parisis. - -The following Saturday, the Bretons won the town of Pontoise, at break -of day, as Enguerrand the chronicler has simply told it; but I find -in Gaguin, that one named Louis Forbier, then lieutenant-governor of -Pontoise for Joachim Rohault, by false and wicked treason, conspired -against his sovereign, and admitted these Bretons into the town. The -said Louis had it proclaimed, that all of the company of Joachim -Rohault, who would not remain, might leave the town in safety with -their baggage: that, immediately on his giving up the place, he and -some of his companions went to Meulan,[82] wearing the king's badge of -the white cross, that they might gain admittance without difficulty. -But before his arrival, those in Meulan had been informed of his -treason,--and the moment he was seen from the battlements by the -garrison, already under arms, they cried out to him, 'Go thy ways, for -a false and disloyal traitor!' and fired some cannon at him, which -forced him to retire with disgrace and shame. - -The ensuing Monday, a considerable body of the enemy, by way of a -morning visit, appeared at an early hour before the gate of St Anthony; -but in consequence of the firing of some artillery from the walls, they -retreated to a further distance, and nothing was done. - -On the Monday, according to Gaguin, the watch in Paris were alarmed -by an extraordinary light in the skies that looked like a comet, -and seemed to move from the enemy's quarters, and to fall into the -ditch near the hôtel d'Ardoise: not guessing what it could be, they -thought it might have been a rocket discharged by the Burgundians, and -sent immediate information thereof to the king at his hôtel of the -Tournelles. He, like an active prince, mounted his horse, and went -instantly on the walls, near to the hôtel d'Ardoise, where he staid -some time, and sent to all the quarters of Paris, to put them on their -guard; but they neither saw nor heard any thing further of the enemy -that night. - -The Bretons and Burgundians, quartered near Paris, made many songs, and -scandalous ballads, on those in whom the king put most confidence, -that he might be displeased with and dismiss them from his service, for -the more easy accomplishment of their damnable designs. - -One evening, about two o'clock after midnight, master John Balue, -bishop of Evreux, was waylaid in the street of Barre-du-Bec, and -attacked with swords and staves,--so that, being wounded, he was forced -to fly, and sticking spurs into his mule, she ran away with him, like -a wild thing, and never stopped until she brought him to his house, -in the cloisters of Nôtre Dame, whence he had set out. The king was -very angry on hearing this, and ordered inquiry to be made after the -perpetrators of the deed, but in vain; for it was not known who had -done it, although it was said, some time afterward, that the lord de -Villier-le-bôcage was the principal, at the request of one called -Jeanne du Bois, with whom he was enamoured. - -At this time, Alexander l'Orget, a native of Paris, in company with -four others, quitted Paris, with all his effects, and joined the duke -of Berry at St Denis. On the Thursday following, toward the end of -September, many of the townsmen came to make heavy complaints to the -magistrates, at the town-hall, against the military, for making and -singing defamatory songs against them, praying that a remedy might be -provided, to prevent such conduct in future. The words complained of -were in substance as follows. They swore by God, and other shocking -oaths, that the wealth and riches in Paris did not belong to the -inhabitants but to them, the men at arms now in the town,--saying, 'We -wish you to know that, in despite of you, we will take away the keys of -your houses, and throw you and all within them out of doors; and if you -chatter, we are enow in Paris to master you all.' - -Among others, a fool from Normandy said aloud, at the gate of St Denis, -that the Parisians were simpler than he was, if they thought the chains -that were across the streets could prevent them from being insulted by -those now in the town. In consequence of such speeches, the magistrates -ordered the heads of the different wards to have good fires lighted -during the night at their places of rendezvous, and that the whole of -the night-watch should be there regularly under arms: the chains were -also kept up, and the town more strictly watched in the night than -before, until daybreak. - -This night, there was an alarming rumour that the gate of the bastile -of St Anthony had been left open for the admission of the enemy, who -was before it; and, in truth, several cannon were found near there -with their touchholes spiked, so that they would have been useless had -there been occasion for them. Some of the king's captains were uneasy -at these fires in the streets, and the increase of the nightly watch, -and went to the hôtel of the Tournelles to inquire of the king whether -he had ordered them, or by whom these things had been thus done. The -king replied, that he was ignorant of the matter, and instantly sent -for sir John L'Huillier, the town-clerk, who came to him immediately, -and assured the king and the said captains, that the fires and increase -of the night-watch had been made with the best intentions. The king, -however, ordered sir Charles de Melun to go to the town-house, and -to all the quarters of Paris, to give orders that the fires should -be extinguished, and that the watch should retire to bed; but the -inhabitants refused to obey, and remained under arms until daybreak. -Many have since maintained, that had they retired, according to the -orders of sir Charles de Melun, which, through God's grace they did -not, the town would have been lost and totally destroyed; for the -enemy, before Paris, was ready to enter the town by means of the -bastile. - -Two pursuivants at arms arrived, on the Friday ensuing, at Paris. One -came from Gisors[83] to require aid from the king, for that there were -from five to six hundred lances before it, and that there were no men -at arms within the town for its defence, and that they had neither -powder nor artillery. The other pursuivant was sent by Hugh des Vignes, -esquire, a man at arms, having charge of the company of the lord de la -Barde. This Hugh was then in Meulan, and had sent to tell the king, -that, from information of persons of credit, he had learnt that the -Bretons and others intended to gain Rouen as they had done Pontoise, -and by means of intelligence which they had within the castle or palace -of the said town, that he might provide against such attempts. - -This day, Friday, the commissioners for obtaining peace, dined all -together at St Antoine des Champs, whither the king sent wine, bread, -fish, and every thing necessary for their entertainment. Thither also -were carried, in a cart, all the rentals and rolls of account relative -to Champagne and Brie, from the chamber of accounts at Paris. The next -day, the commissioners on both sides again met,--that is to say, my -lord of Maine and those of his company, on the part of the king, with -the other princes and lords who were at La Grange aux Merciers; and -the following were ordered to repair, on behalf of the king, to the -aforesaid St Antoine aux Champs,--namely, master Estienne Chevalier, -treasurer of France, master Arnould Bouchier and Christopher Paillart, -counsellors in the exchequer. The additional commissioners on the other -side were, Guillaume de Bische, master Pierre d'Oriole, master John -Berart, master John Compaign, a licentiate full of Latin, and master -Ythier Marchant; but this day nothing was done. - -The king received letters from the widow of the late sir Pierre de -Brézé, to inform him that she had arrested the lord de Broquemont, -governor of the palace of Rouen, on suspicion of treason; and that he -might not be any way distrustful of Rouen, for, from the end of the -bridge to the palace, the inhabitants were all loyal and ready to serve -him. - -On the Sunday following, at daybreak, seven men surrendered themselves -at the bulwark of the tower de Billy, who had escaped from the army -of the Burgundians. Four were agents to some merchants in Orleans, -two for some in Paris, and the seventh was a Fleming. They had been -all condemned to be hanged, because, after their capture, no one had -offered to ransom them. They reported, that on the preceding Wednesday, -a shot from a serpentine on the tower de Billy had killed seven -Burgundians, and wounded many more. - -This day, after dinner, news was brought to the king, that the duke of -Bourbon had gained Rouen, having entered the castle on the side toward -the country by means of the widow of the late lord de Brézé, to whom -the king had been unusually bountiful, and in whom he had the greatest -confidence.[84] The chief managers in this business for the widow were, -the bishop of Evreux,[85] master John Hebert, and others. - -When this was known to the confederated princes (although the duke of -Berry had before been satisfied with having Champagne and Brie for his -appanage,) they sent to inform the king, that his brother would not -accept of any other appanage than the duchy of Normandy, to which he -was forced to consent. The king, therefore, since he could not prevent -it, gave to the lord Charles the duchy of Normandy, and took to himself -the duchy of Berry. He was also forced to agree to the extravagant -demands of the other princes, as a compensation for their expenses in -bearing arms against him,--and they all plundered him well. But this -has been before amply related by Enguerrand de Monstrelet. - -FOOTNOTES: - -[Footnote 80: The lord de Precigny--was president of the chamber of -accounts. Another commissioner was appointed, namely, _John Dauvet, -then_ president of the parliament of Toulouse. He was greatly in the -confidence of Louis XI. and employed by him on several embassies. He -died in 1471, first president of the parliament of Paris, and was one -of the most celebrated magistrates of his time. - -_Note_, vol. ii. Comines, p. 39. - -The lord de Precigny was also lord de Beaveau; and many letters of his -in MS. to the king, Louis XI. remain among the MSS. of Gagnieres. - -_Note_, vol. ii. Comines, p. 32.] - -[Footnote 81: The young seneschal of Normandy,--son to the late sir -Pierre de Brézé, killed at Montlehery.] - -[Footnote 82: Meulan,--on the Seine, ten leagues from Paris.] - -[Footnote 83: Gisors,--capital of Vixin-Normand, 16 leagues from Paris.] - -[Footnote 84: Her name was Jane Crespin, countess of Maulevrier. She -was obliged, afterward, to obtain letters of pardon for this crime from -Louis XI. See No. 82. of Proofs to Comines.] - -[Footnote 85: The bishop of Evreux,--John Balue, well known afterward -as cardinal of Arras.] - - - - -CHAP. LXIV. - - AFTER THE TREATY OF CONFLANS BETWEEN THE KING AND PRINCES, PROVISIONS - ARE BROUGHT TO THE CONFEDERATE ARMY FROM PARIS, ON PAYMENT BEING MADE - FOR THEM.--THE COUNT DE CHAROLOIS, ON MUSTERING HIS TROOPS, DECLARES - HIMSELF VASSAL TO THE KING.--HE DOES HOMAGE FOR WHAT HE HOLDS UNDER - THE CROWN OF FRANCE.--THE DUKE OF BERRY AND THE OTHERS DO THEIR - HOMAGE.--PEACE IS PROCLAIMED.--OTHER EVENTS. - - -The king ordered proclamation to be made for every one to carry -provisions to the camps of the Burgundians and Bretons,--which being -done, several merchants of Paris went thither with quantities of all -sorts, which were eagerly bought up by the army, more especially bread -and wine; for the men were almost starved, as their long lank cheeks, -hanging down through misery, showed, and that they could not have -borne it longer. The greater part were without hose or shoes, and were -covered with filth. - -Among those who came to obtain food were several Lifre-lofres,[86] -Calabrians and Swiss, so famished that they seized cheeses and devoured -them unpared, and then drank marvellous draughts of wine in handsome -earthen cups. The Lord knows how joyful they were; but they had not -these things scotfree, for each paid his share handsomely. Many things -happened this day, which I pass over for brevity; but every one must -admire the inestimable resources of Paris, for the confederated army -before that town was estimated at full one hundred thousand horse, -and those within Paris at three times the number,--yet they were all -supplied with provisions for a long time from thence, and without any -rise in price. On the departure of the burgundian army, the prices of -provision were more moderate than they had ever been. - -The king went to visit the count de Charolois at Conflans, with so very -small an escort that those who wished him well thought it simply done: -the Picards and others of their party, even made a mockery of it, and, -in their provincial dialect, cried out, 'Eh! do you see your king, who -is talking with our lord de Charolois? they have been more than two -hours together; and by our faith, if we wished it, we have him now -under our thumb.' - -On Friday, the 4th of October, the king gave orders for the Burgundians -to be admitted into Paris by the gate of St Antoine, and so many -entered that several excesses were committed by them, which would not -have been suffered had it been known that the king would have been -angry with them. However, one Burgundian insisted on passing the gate -of St Antoine against the will of the porters, and in spite of one -of the company of the bastard du Maine, who guarded the wicket. The -Burgundian, in his passion, drew a dagger and stabbed the archer in the -belly as he was half opening the wicket: he was immediately seized, and -severely beaten and wounded: many would have killed him, but they were -prevented; and the affair was made known to the king, who ordered him -to be carried to the count de Charolois, for him to do proper justice -on him. The count, on hearing the evidence, instantly sentenced him to -be hanged on the gallows at Charenton. - -This night, the king ordered fires to be lighted in all the open -squares; and he gave orders for the watch to be increased, and to -be under arms, having an able commander, who was to inquire of all -passengers who they were, whence they came, and whither they were -going. This day was an eclipse of the moon. - -On Sunday, many lords from the camp came to Paris, and supped with the -king, at the house of sir John L'Huillier, town-clerk: several ladies -and damsels, with others of the nobility, were present. On this day, -the captain Salazart, with twenty men of his company, sallied out into -the plain, by the bastile of St Antoine, because that gate had been -shut by the king's orders, that no one might thence leave the town; but -for the admittance of the Burgundians it was to be opened for ten at a -time, and on their return ten others were allowed to enter, after which -the drawbridge was raised. - -Salazart's twenty men at arms were dressed in jackets of blue camlet, -with large white crosses for their badge: they had handsome chains -of gold round their necks, with bonnets of black velvet on their -heads, having large tufts of golden thread from Cyprus hanging down. -The housings of their horses were covered with bells of silver. To -distinguish Salazart from his men, he was mounted on a beautiful -courser, with housings covered over with plates of silver: under each -hung a large bell of silver gilt. In front of this company rode the -trumpet of Salazart mounted on a grey horse; and as the troop advanced -along the side of the walls, from the gate of St Antoine to the tower -de Billy, the trumpeter's horse fell so heavily with him that he broke -the trumpeter's neck. - -The ensuing Monday, news was brought to Paris that the lords de -Hautbourdin and de Saveuses had taken Peronne, and made the count -de Nevers prisoner, who was in the castle. This same day, three -prisoners escaped from the prison of Tizon,[87] one of whom had been -an accomplice with Louis Forbier in the giving up Pontoise to the -Bretons, and was of the company of Joachim Rohault. This day, a house -took fire at Paris in Champ-gaillart,[88] which a little alarmed the -king,--and, in consequence, he ordered fires to be continued during the -nights, in all the squares, and the guards to be reinforced. - -During this month of October, some of the party of the duke of Burgundy -came before the town of Beauvais, and summoned the bishop and the -inhabitants to surrender themselves to the said duke. The bishop -demanded to have the summons in writing, which he sent instantly to the -king, who transmitted it to the count de Charolois, with whom he had -concluded a peace. - -The count replied, that this summons was not authorised by him, and -that he wished the devil would take those who had made it, for having -done more than they were ordered. The king told the count, that since -peace had been made between them, such things should not be done,--for -that, if he were desirous of having the town of Beauvais, he would give -it to him. - -On Wednesday, the 9th of October, the provost and sheriffs of Paris -ordered the head of each ward to have fires lighted at the usual -places, all the chains extended across the streets, and a good watch -kept constantly patroling. - -The Thursday following, the lord de Saveuses arrived at the burgundian -camp with a large escort, having with him a great sum of money for -the count de Charolois to pay his troops. And on this day the duke of -Brittany had a meeting with the king to arrange the payment of his -expenses for the army he had raised in the support of the confederated -princes. In settling this account, he regained his county of Montfort, -besides receiving a very large sum in ready money. - -On the Friday, master John Boulengier, president of the parliament, -came to the town-house, to acquaint the magistrates, from the king, -that the populace must not be alarmed on seeing the whole of the count -de Charolois' force drawn up before the walls, for that it was only to -form a muster and review before the king. They did not, however, appear -on that day,--but on the following it took place, and the burgundian -troops appeared in great force, extending from the bridge of Charenton -to the bois de Vincennes. The king was present, having only three -persons with him, namely, the duke of Calabria, the count de Charolois, -and the count de St Pol. This has been described by Monstrelet, but not -exactly as I relate it. - -When the review was over, the king returned to Paris by water; but -before his departure, the count de Charolois, addressing his troops, -said, 'Gentlemen, you and I belong to the king, my sovereign lord, who -is here present, to serve him whenever he shall have occasion for us.' - -On Saturday, the 12th, intelligence arrived that the town of Evreux had -been given up to the Bretons by sir John le Bœuf, who had admitted them -into the town on the preceding Wednesday, the feast of St Denis, while -the inhabitants were engaged in a religious procession,--and as the -procession went out at one gate, the Bretons entered by the other. - -The king received information on the 16th, that there was a plot formed -at Paris, by some of his enemies, to make him prisoner, or put him to -death. In consequence, the guards were doubled on the walls and in the -streets,--and great fires were lighted every night in the squares. News -now came, that the town of Caen and the whole of Normandy had submitted -to the duke of Berry: the king, nevertheless, sent great numbers of men -at arms and franc-archers to the town of Mante. - -On the ensuing Wednesday, the last day but one of October, the treaty -of peace that had been concluded between the king and the princes was -publicly read in the court of parliament, and there enregistered. This -day, the king went to the princes, in the bois de Vincennes, where -the duke of Berry did homage for the duchy of Normandy, that had been -given him for his appanage. The walls and gates of Paris were this day -strictly guarded until the king returned, as he had gone to Vincennes -with very few attendants. The king wanted to sleep there that night, -and sent to Paris for his bed: but the provost and sheriffs sent an -humble remonstrance, to request that he would not sleep out of Paris, -for many reasons. This request he complied with, and returned to Paris. - -On the Thursday following, the duke of Berry, the count de Charolois, -and others, broke up their encampments near Paris, and departed divers -ways. The count went toward Normandy, and was accompanied a long way by -the king on the road to Pontoise, when they went for Villiers-le-bel, -where they remained two or three days; and thence the count marched for -Picardy, in his way to make war on the Liegeois, as has been told by -Monstrelet. - -FOOTNOTES: - -[Footnote 86: Lifre-lofres,--a mock word for the Germans and Swiss, -Swagbellies, &c.--See Cotgrave.] - -[Footnote 87: Tizon,--in the Bourbonnois, near Ganat.] - -[Footnote 88: Champ-gaillart. Q.] - - -END OF VOL. X. - - - H. Bryer, Printer, Bridge-street, - Blackfriars, London. - - -NOTES AND EMENDATIONS. - - -Page 3. last line. _Burgundy._] Brittany is right; Mary, eldest -daughter of John V. and sister of John VI. and Arthur, dukes of -Brittany, was married to John I. duke of Alençon, father of the duke -here mentioned. I can find no alliance between the houses of Alençon -and Burgundy. - -Page 12. line 3. _Duke of Orleans._] A mistake. He was succeeded by -Francis II. son of his younger brother, Richard, count of Etampes. See -the table in note to vol. v. p. 390. Richard, count of Estampes, who -died in 1438, married Margaret, daughter of Lewis, duke of Orleans, and -Francis II. was the only son by that marriage. - -Page 13. line 1. from the bottom. CHAP. IV. This chapter and the -following afford a further instance of that want of connection and -repetition which is before noticed to be so frequent in this latter -part of the history. It is evident that Monstrelet set down his details -respecting these transactions as they appear in Vol. IX. chapter 76. -and Vol. X. chapter 1. from the information he had then acquired. -The original documents themselves afterwards came to his hands, and -these he transcribed in haste, without reference to his former -accounts. It seems reasonable to conclude that death prevented him from -arranging these different statements, and striking out all that appears -superfluous in them. - -Page 48. line 13. _Fell._] Those of most note, on the king's side, -were Humphry Stafford, duke of Buckingham, who was succeeded by his -son Henry; and John, earl of Shrewsbury, lord treasurer of England, -grandson to the great Talbot. The battle was fought at two o'clock in -the afternoon on the 10th of July, and is said to have lasted only half -an hour. _Stow._ - -Page 49. line 9. from the bottom. _Attempt._] Together with the queen -and the prince of Wales, the dukes of Exeter and Somerset, the earls of -Devon and Wiltshire, the lord Clifford and many other great lords, were -on the king's side this day. The young duke of Rutland was murdered -in cold blood by the barbarous Clifford. The duke of York himself was -killed in the field, not made prisoner as in the text. The earl of -Salisbury was made prisoner and carried to the castle of Pomfret, where -"he had grant of life for a great ransome, but the common people of the -country, who loved him not, tooke him out of the castle by violence, -and smote off his head." The earl of March, now duke of York by his -father's death, and afterwards king of England, was at Gloucester when -this event happened. - -Page 54. line 5. _Uncle._] Probably Ralph Nevil, earl of Westmoreland, -who is named among the slain at this battle. - -Page 55. line 2. from the bottom. _Earl of Northumberland._] Henry -Percy, the second earl of that name and family who fell in this long -conflict. The former was killed at the first battle of St. Alban's, -mentioned before, vol. ix. p. 360. I believe that no earl of Shrewsbury -fell on this occasion, and that the continuator of Croyland in this -point confounds the battle of Towton with that of Northampton mentioned -before, p. 48. - -Page 58. last line. _Towton._] He was created earl of Northumberland in -1463, and marquis of Montacute, or Montague, a short time after; but in -1466 he resigned the earldom in favour of Henry Percy, son of the earl -who was killed at Towton. - -Page 64. line 13. _Lord de la Roche-Bourguignon._] Not de la -Roche-Bourguignon, but de la Roche, a Burgundian. This Philip lord -de la Roche, was afterwards in high favour with king Louis, and -advanced him to the dignity of count of St Pol, on the attainder and -confiscation of the constable. - -Page 73. line 13. from the bottom. _Counts of Angoulême._] John count -of Angoulesme, brother to the duke of Orleans;--Charles of Artois, last -count of Eu;--John of Bourbon, count of Vendôme. - -Page 73. line 12. from the bottom. _Grand-Prè._] Henry de Borselle, a -nobleman of Holland, who purchased the county of Grand-Pré from Raoul -le Bouteiller. He was father to Wolfhard de Borselle, marshal of France. - -Page 73. line 11. from the bottom. _Sir Philip de Savoye._] Philip of -Savoy, lord of Bauge, younger brother to the prince of Piedmont, who -married a daughter of the duke of Bourbon, and became duke of Savoy on -the death of his grand nephew, Charles II. in 1496; John the elder, -count of Nassau. - -Page 74. line 10. _Duke of Bourbon._] Peter de Bourbon, lord of -Beaujeu, who married Anne of Valois, daughter of Louis XI. and became -duke of Bourbon on the death of his elder brother without lawful issue -in 1488. James de Bourbon, a younger brother of these, died young and -unmarried. - -Page 77. line 19. _Lord de la Roche._] Philip Pot, mentioned before in -p. 64. - -Page 78. last line. _Perdriac._] Pardiac. See notes to vols. vii. viii. -and ix. Qu. If the count de la Marche and de Pardiac was not one and -the same person? - -Page 81. line 9. _Count du Perche._] René, duke of Alençon, after the -death of his father in 1476. His mother was Joanna, daughter to the -duke of Orleans. - -Page 82. line 7. from the bottom. _Sister._] Mary of Anjou, queen of -France, who survived her husband only two years, dying in 1463. - -Page 93. line 7. _Relative._] I do not understand what relationship -could possibly have existed between the count de Charolois and the duke -of Somerset, and must therefore set this down under the head of mistake. - -Page 95. line 18. _Master Nicholas Raullin._] Or Rollin. He was father -of the lord d'Aymeries, mentioned before in chap. lxviii. of volume, -ix. and, by merit, had raised his family from a middling station of -life to the honours of nobility. Heuterus. - -Page 98. line 7. _Deceased._] Joan de Bar only daughter and heir of -Robert, count of Marle and Soissons. Her children are said by Moreri -to have been John, count of Marle and Soissons, who was killed in 1476 -at the battle of Morat; Peter II. count of St. Pol; Anthony, count of -Brienne, and Charles, bishop and duke of Laon. - -Page 98. line 19. _Duchess of Orleans._] Mary, daughter of Adolph, duke -of Cleves, third wife of Charles, duke of Orleans. The infant of whom -she is now delivered was afterwards king of France by the name of Louis -XII. - -Page 107. line 6. _Accuser._] Heuterus relates the subject of this -chapter with some varieties which deserve to be noticed. "Coustain," -he says, "is reported to have sent his accomplice (whose name is -latinized to Ingiëus) into Savoy to a famous witch, from whom he -received certain waxen images of the man whom they designed to destroy, -over which various and admirable forms of incantation had been -practised." Arquembart the informer, should be Hacquenbach--"_Petrus -Haquenbachius, vir nobilis._" Heuterus adds that, in making his -confession, Coustain did not accuse any of the family of Croy, or -other great nobles of Burgundy who were most suspected on the occasion -by the count of having instigated the crime; but he says, "The wiser -sort, however, had their suspicions with regard to king Louis; and the -opinion which they now secretly entertained seemed to be afterwards -confirmed, when they learned that he had procured the death of his -own brother, merely to avoid giving up to him a small portion of his -dominions." This is a very curious passage, for although the alledged -murder of the duke of Guienne, Louis's brother, is at least a very -doubtful point of history, and although, if manifestly proved, it would -be a strange piece of sophistry to urge that the perpetration of one -crime ought to be admitted as evidence of the intention to perpetrate -another, wholly unconnected with it either in time or circumstances, -yet it sufficiently shows what must even at the commencement of his -reign have been the character of the king, and the opinion generally -entertained of his dissimulation, perfidy, and inhumanity. I imagine -however, that Heuterus is hardly to be credited when he adds that the -suspicion entertained by the duke of Burgundy on this occasion was the -immediate cause of his quarrel with the king whom he suspected; unless -it be conjectured that among the secret confessions mentioned in this -chapter to have been made by the villain Coustain previous to his -execution, he actually accused the king and supported his accusation by -some very pregnant reasons. If this be admitted, it may justify in a -great degree the assertion of Heuterus just mentioned. - -Page 110. line 12. _Lord de Goux._] Qu. Joux? Peter de Beaujeu du -Columbier, lord of Joux, Montcoquier, Asnois, &c. died after 1469 -leaving Blain, lord of Joux, his son and successor. - -Page 116. line 11. _Duty._] Heuterus adds that it was the purpose of -the king, with the profits of the Gabelle to have redeemed the lands on -both sides of the Somme which were assigned to the duke by the treaty -of Arras. - -Page 116. line 4. from the bottom. _Stamp._] The question, as stated -by Heuterus, was "solidiori è materia Boni ne corpus coagimentatum -foret, quam ceterorum principum?" To which Chimay is made to answer, -"Imò: nam nisi id ita foret, quomodo te patris iram fugientem recipere, -&c. &c. ausus fuisset?" The king was greatly confounded, and from this -time said no more about the gabelle; but the duke of Burgundy, by the -advice of the lords of the house of Croy, and to the great displeasure -of his son, shortly after gave up the towns on the river Somme, as is -mentioned in chapter 23. - -Page 118. line 3. from the bottom. _Duke of Orleans._] Qu. Peter, lord -of Beaujeu, was married to Anne daughter of Louis XI. This might be a -second marriage; but I do not find it so in the genealogical tables -which I have consulted. - -Page 119. line 8. _Lord d'Arquel._] Here is a double mistake in the -genealogy. Catherine, third daughter of the duke of Bourbon, married -Adolphus, son of Arnold duke of Gueldres, who was himself duke of -Gueldres after his father's death in 1473, and might, during his -father's life time, have been sometimes stiled the lord of Arckeln, -which lordship came into his family by the marriage of his grandfather -John count of Egmond with the heiress of Arckeln and Gelders. The -connection of the families of Gueldres and Cleves with each other and -with the house of Burgundy will be better understood by the following -table, which will also explain at one view the mode by which the duchy -of Gueldres passed successively by marriages into the families of -Juliers, Arckeln, and Egmont, and the county of Cleves into that of -Marck, and how the younger branch of Cleves came into possession of the -county of Nevers. - - - William VIII. = Mary, sister Adolph V. Philip the - d. of Juliers. | and heir to c. of Marck bold, d. of - | Edward the married the Burgundy. - | last duke of heiress of | - | Gueldres of Cleves. +---+--1> - | the first | | - | house. | John d. of - | Adolph VI. Burgundy. - +-----------+--------------+ c. of M. & C. | - | | | | | - William IX. Reginald Joanna the | | - d. of G. & J. d. of G. & J. duchess of | | - d. s. p. d. s. p. G. married | | - (Juliers being a male John lord of | +---+-----2> - fief, passed to a distant Arckeln. | | - branch.) | Adolph I. duke of = Mary, one of - | Cleves. | the daughters - Mary duchess | of Burgundy. - of G. married | - John count of | - Egmont. | - | +----------------+----+------+ - | | | | - Arnold d. of = Catherine John d. of Adolph 3> - G. died 1473. | second C. (m. the lord of - | daughter. heiress of Ravenstein. - | Nevers.) - | | - Adolph d. of | - G. m. Catherine John II. &c. - of Bourbon. (duke of Cleves.) - - * * * * * - - <1--Philip c. of - Nevers, third - son. - | - | - | - | - <2--+ +---+------------------+ - | | | - Philip the Charles c. John c. - good d. of of Nevers. of Nevers, - Burgundy. d.s.p. second son - | 1464. d. 1491. - | | - | +-------+ - | | - | Elizabeth, - <3=Anne, natural heiress of - daughter Nevers married - of Philip. John d. of Cleves. - | - +------------+----+ - | | - John II. d. Engilbert, c. - of Cleves, &c. of Nevers. - -Page 125. line 2. _Lord de Montigny._] Simon de Lalain, lord of -Montigny, who died in 1478, was the father of Jodocus, lord of Lalain -and Montigny, governor of Holland, who was killed at the siege of -Utrecht in 1483. - -Page 129. line 5. _Navarre._] By the terms of the marriage-contract -between John of Arragon and Blanche queen of Navarre, Charles prince -of Viana, the eldest son of that marriage, ought to have succeeded to -the kingdom immediately on the death of his mother. This was, however, -delayed from time to time and at last effectually prevented through -the intrigues of Johanna Henriques the second wife of king John. A -civil war was the consequence of these acts of injustice, and the -prince sought the protection of a stronger power by an alliance with -Isabella sister of Henry IV. of Castile. This treaty also was rendered -abortive by the intrigues of his step-mother. He was then inveigled to -Lerida under colour of a pacification, and treacherously made prisoner. -Being at last liberated from his confinement to appease the dangerous -indignation of his adherents, he ended his life in a few days, being, -as some say, poisoned while in prison, but more probably from the -effects of ill-treatment and sorrow. - -Mean-while, Blanche, his eldest sister was divorced by her husband -Henry the fourth, for no fault of her own; and the count of Foix (the -husband of Leonora her sister) in order to possess himself of her -right to the crown of Navarre, gained possession of her person and -is reported, by connivance with his own wife, to have put an end to -her days. After this, he turned his views toward the protection of -France, which he hoped to secure by the marriage of his son Gaston to -Magdalen daughter of Charles the seventh, and by a further union of -interests between the crowns of France and Arragon. The advantage of -these skilful manoeuvres soon displayed itself, when the Catalans, -enraged at the death of the prince of Viana, which they attributed -whether justly or unjustly to the king his father, revolted, and their -example was followed by almost all the states of Arragon. King John, -upon this, mortgaged the counties of Cerdagne and Roussillon to France, -in order to obtain supplies to carry on the war, and the count de Foix -obtained the principal command in the conduct of it. The rebels finding -themselves too weak, naturally applied for assistance to Castille, and -the war soon assumed a new face, the principals on each side being -the king of Arragon and the count of Foix, and the king of Castille. -The treaty here alluded to, at which the king of France assisted, was -made in an island of the river Bidassoa which separates France from -Spain. Its articles were such as to offend all parties concerned, and -in particular to sow the seeds of future dissention between the French -and Spanish nations. Those historians, however, may be thought rather -too refined who attribute to this celebrated interview the foundation -for that enmity between the two countries for which they have been -remarkable in modern times. The connexion between the different crowns -of Spain, and succession to the crown of Navarre will be best seen from -the following table. - - John, king of Arragon, =1st Wife, Blanche, daughter = 2nd Wife, - and Navarre, died 1479. |and heir to Charles III, king |Johanna daughter - |of Navarre, died 1441. |of the admiral - +----------------------+------------------+ |of Castile. - | | | | - 1. Charles prince 2. Blanche, 3. Eleanor, Ferdinand the catholic, - of Viana, died m. Henry IV, m. Gaston IV. king of Arragon - s. p. l. 1461, in king of Castile, C. of Foix. by descent, of Castile - the life of his d. s. p. | by marriage, and of - father. | Navarre by conquest. - +-----------------------+ - | | - Magdalen, = 1. Gaston, 2. John viscount of Narbonne, and count - daughter of | pr. of Viana, of Estampes, who, by his marriage with - Charles VII. | d. 1470. Mary of Orleans, had issue, Gastonde - +----------+------------+ Foix, the famous General under Francis I, - | | and Germainede Foix, the second wife of - Francis Phœbus = Catherine, Ferdinand the catholic. - d. s. p. m. John, - 1483. lord of Albret. - -Page 131. line 2. _Crown._] The principal crime of this nobleman, in -the eyes of Louis, was his high favour with Charles VII. He afterwards -escaped from prison during the war of the public good, and was at last -restored to his offices about the court, and taken into the peculiar -confidence of the king. One act of justice resulted from his temporary -disgrace, the restitution to the heirs of Jacques Coeur of great part -of the plunder made from the wreck of that unfortunate merchant's -affairs. The count de Dammartin is said to have been one of the seven -persons whom Louis excepted out of the amnesty which he granted to the -duke of Burgundy's intercession on ascending the throne. Others were, -as is reported the mareschal de Brézé, the lords de Loheac and de -Chatillon, and the chancellor des Ursins. Duclos. - -Page 135. line 5. from the bottom. _Lord de Launoy._] This name should -be always spelt Lannoy. John lord of Lannoy was son of another John -lord of Lannoy by Joanna sister of Anthony lord de Croy and John lord -of Chimay. See notes to the third volume. - -Page 139. line 2. _Duchess of Bourbon._] The table to p. 119. will -explain these alliances. - -Page 139. line 15. _Cardinal of Arras._] Jean Joffredy; not bishop -of Alby and cardinal of Arras, but bishop of Arras and cardinal of -Alby. He was the son of a merchant at Luxeuil in Franche Comté. His -ecclesiastical ambition displayed itself very early in life and pushed -him on to the episcopal dignity through the patronage of the duke of -Burgundy. He then found means to persuade his sovereign that it was for -his dignity to have one of his own subjects promoted to a cardinal's -hat and appointed papal legate in his dominions. Solicitations -were accordingly made at Rome both by the duke and by Louis (then -dauphin) to have this high honour bestowed upon Joffredy; and when -Louis succeeded to the crown, Joffredy was given to understand that -there would be no difficulty in his attaining the dignity provided -he would use his best endeavours with the king for the abolition of -the pragmatic sanction. Joffredy readily undertook the pious office -enjoined him, and was rewarded with the red hat very shortly after. [Du -Clos. - -Page. 141. line 6. from the bottom. _Reconciliation._] Ever since the -war with the people of Ghent in 1452, the count de Charolois had seldom -resided at the court of his father, and was chiefly at the castle of -Gorcum which he had fortified so as to render it almost impregnable -and ornamented for his residence at a great expence and with royal -magnificence. See Heuterus. - -Page 154. line 9. _Duke of Berry._] Charles, duke of Berry, afterwards -of Normandy, and of Guienne, the only brother of the king then alive. - -Page 158. last line. _Arms._] The unpopularity of the old duke of -Savoy, and Amadeus, his eldest son, was principally owing to their -unwarlike and devotional temper so adverse to the notions and habits -of a martial nobility. Lewis, the second son, had married the heiress -of Cyprus after the death of her first husband, the duke of Coimbra; -and possibly the adventurous spirit of the times anticipated the glory -of an expedition for the recovery of a kingdom which had been snatched -from a female sovereign by an illegitimate usurper, aided by the -forces of the infidels. Another and more just ground of discontent was -the manifest subjection in which both father and son held themselves -enthralled to the pleasure of the king of France. On the other hand, -Philip count of Bresse, (a younger son of the duke of Savoy, not the -third as here stated, but the eighth of his numerous male issue) was -a prince of the greatest promise, of high military spirit, and a -commanding person; and the duke his father (who, in the course of his -religious exercises, had probably paid great attention to the history -of David and Absalom) was so afraid of the popularity which these -endowments ensured him, that he actually abandoned his dominions to -seek the protection of Louis XI. against this imaginary danger. He was -at this time very infirm in body; and Amadeus, his eldest son, who -followed the steps of his father in all things, was no less so from his -cradle. - -Page 159. line 3. from the bottom. _Bastard._] Baldwin the eighth -son of this numerous family of bastards, was lord of Falaise and -Somergheim, and had several children by his marriage with a lady of the -house of la Cerda. - -Page 161. line 10. from the bottom. _Duke._] The historians of Savoy -relate that this act of violence and injustice was committed at the -suit of the duke of Savoy, his father. He was not released till after -the old duke's death in 1465. - -Page 161. line 3. from the bottom. _John._] Before called the count of -Estampes. His only daughter and heir conveyed the counties of Nevers, -&c. into the house of Cleves, by marriage with John duke of Cleves. - -Page 163. line 1. _Earl of Warwick._] Stowe says that the lord -Montacute, Warwick's brother, commanded in this engagement, and that he -was rewarded by Edward with the earldom of Northumberland. - -Page 168. line 3. from the bottom. _Pope Pius._] This is the celebrated -Æneas Sylvius, perhaps the most able as well as the most learned, in -the catalogue of Roman pontiffs. The object which he had principally -at heart was the expulsion of the Turks from Europe by a coalition of -the princes of Christendom; and, had he lived, it is not improbable -that he might have seen the accomplishment of his wishes by the gradual -operation of his influence over the European governments. He earnestly -recommended the prosecution of the enterprize to the cardinals who -attended him, even with his latest breath. He died of a fever at -Ancona where he had resided for some months in order to inspect -the equipment of the fleet and armies destined for this important -expedition. See afterwards, p. 378. - -Page 169. line 14. from the bottom. _Whom._] Monstrelet, here speaks -very guardedly, and Comines does not hazard an explicit opinion. -Heuterus says positively, that the king sent Rubempré on this mission -with orders to take the count either dead or alive, and he adds, -that it was in consequence of a conspiracy in which he knew him to -be already engaged with the dukes of Brittany and Berry. But this -authority, if unsupported, is of little weight since he wrote more -than a century afterwards. I have not seen Olivier de la Marche. This -bastard de Rubempré was, I believe, the son of the count de Vendôme, -who married the daughter and heir of Charles lord of Rubempré, and -assumed the title of that lordship. - -Page 173. line 5. _Lord de Crequi._] John V. lord of Crequy, who died -very old in 1474 leaving John VI. his son and successor who married -Frances de Rubempré daughter of the lord de Bievres. His other sons -were James lord de Pontdormi, killed at the battle of Nancy. Francis -lord of Douriers, &c. - -Page 175. line 8. _Holland._] This circumstance, as far as it goes, -gives some weight to Heuterus. What could the vice-chancellor of -Brittany have to do in Holland, _in his way from England_, unless -charged with some commissions of a secret nature from the duke his -master to the count de Charolois? - -Page 185. line 1. _Lord de Torcy._] John d'Estouteville, master of the -cross-bows, captain of Rouen, and knight of St Michel. - -Page 187. line 5. from the bottom. _Old._] The duke of Orleans, being -present at this assembly held at Tours, ventured to defend the duke of -Bretagne against some of the charges instituted by the king; and his -remonstrances offended Louis so highly that he fell into a passion and -called him a rebel, or the favourer of a rebel. The duke, being then -very old and infirm took this conduct so much to heart that it hastened -his death which happened a few days afterwards. This prince, after the -battle of Agincourt, had sustained 25 years of captivity with exemplary -fortitude, applying his mind to study and reflexion; and he derived -so much benefit from the lessons of calamity that at his death he was -universally regretted as one of the most virtuous princes that France -had ever known. He left by his duchess Mary of Cleves (whom he married -after his return to France) one son, afterwards king of France; and two -daughters, one the abbess of Fontevrauld, the other the wife of John de -Foix viscount of Narbonne. Du Clos. - -Page 225. line 5. from the bottom. _Sir Anthony de Baudoin._] Qu. -Anthony and Baldwyn? These were the names of the two bastards. - -Page 226. line 12. from the bottom. _Toulongeon._] John IV. lord of -Toulongeon and Senecey, died in 1462, without issue. He was son of John -III. marshal of Burgundy mentioned in a former volume. Upon his death -Claude de Toulongeon lord of Trave, of a younger branch became head of -the family; and it is he who is here mentioned. He died in 1495. - -Page 234. line 12. _Lord de Boullencourt._] Hué de Mailly, lord of -Lorsignol and Bouillencourt, governor of Montdidier; fifth son of -Colart de Mailly, celebrated for his crusade in Prussia, and brother of -Colart de Mailly, who was killed at Agincourt together with his father. - -Page 245. line 16. _Lord de Barbasan._] Beraud de Faudoas was -instituted heir by the valiant Barbasan, who died 1432. - -Page 245. line 16. _Flocquet Salzart._] A mistake. It should be -"Floquet Salazar, and other captains." Robert Floquet was bailiff of -Evreux, and is mentioned before in page 396 of this volume. - -John de Salazar, surnamed "le grand chevalier," lord of St Just, &c. -&c. chamberlain to Charles the seventh, and further recompensed for his -great services by the lordship of Issoudun, died in 1479 at Troyes in -Champagne. He married Margaret de la Trimouille, daughter of George -count of Guisnes, and had by her, Hector lord of St Just, Galeas lord -of Lez, Lancelot lord of Marcilly, all celebrated warriors, and Tristan -bishop of Meaux, who in 1471 was promoted to the archbishoprick of Sens. - -Page 252. line 12. _Victory._] There has seldom been a battle fought -with so much loss on both sides and so indecisive in the result. The -count de Charolois was so far from carrying off the undisputed honours -of victory that many writers of the time ascribe it to the king; -and even between the relations of two who were present during the -engagement, and both in the count's army, there is so wide a difference -in this respect as would be unaccountable were it not for the peculiar -circumstances that attended this engagement. The cause of this -uncertainty and contradiction is to be found in the frequent changes -of fortune which took place during the important struggle. Victory had -no sooner appeared to declare herself in one part of the field but in -another part all was terror, dismay, and rout on the victorious side. -"Both parties believed or affected to believe that the victory rested -with them, but disorder and confusion reigned on every side; and this -is the reason of the difference to be found in the various relations of -the affair." However, as the business turned out ultimately to be of -some advantage to the king's affairs, and the count could not possibly -lay claim to any benefit whatever from the event of the day, the former -seems upon the whole to have had the best right to boast of success. -See Du Clos. - -Page 256. line 2. _Lord de Harnes._] The lord de Hames. See before. - -Page 256. line 8. from the bottom. _Admiral of France._] A mistake. -The count du Maine was never admiral of France. It should be thus; -"the count du Maine, the admiral of France, and his other captains." -Upon the death of Pregent de Coetivy in 1450, John de Bueil count of -Sancerre was advanced to this dignity. After the accession of Louis XI. -he was displaced, and John lord of Montauban and Landale appointed to -succeed him. This is the nobleman here mentioned. He died in 1466 much -regretted by the king, and was succeeded in his high office by Louis -bastard of Bourbon, count of Rousillon. [Morery's list of the admirals -of France. - -Page 259. line 4 from the bottom. _Count de Charny._] Peter de -Bauffremont count of Charny. - -Page 262. line 4. _Nemours._] James, son of Bernard d'Armagnac count of -la Marche, Castries, Pardiac, &c. a younger son of the constable, was -soon after the accession of Louis XI. rewarded for his services in the -wars of Spain by advancement to the dignity of duc et pair de France. -This was, at that time, an unprecedent mark of the royal favour, and -greatly offended the princes of the blood as well as the noblemen -of the same rank with himself. The policy of Louis, was evidently -twofold; first, to lessen the supposed dignity of those of his own -family by extending it to the families of vassals unconnected with the -blood-royal; secondly, to divide the interests of the powerful house of -Armagnac by exciting a subject of jealousy between the elder and the -younger branch. - -Page 263. line 3. _Sir Simon de Lalain._] Not, I believe, the lord of -Montigny mentioned before in p. 76, but another Simon de Lalain lord of -Chevrain and Descaussins. - -Page 270. line 7. _Marquis of Rothelin._] The marquis de Rothelin is -said by Commines, however, to have been with the confederated princes -in the army of the duke of Calabria. Rodolph IV. marquis of Hockberg -rotelin and count of Neufchatel in Switzerland, died in 1486 leaving -his son and successor Philip; upon whose death in 1503 without issue -male, the county of Neufchatel passed by marriage into the house of -Dunois Longueville and the marquisate of Hockberg-rotelin reverted (by -virtue of a prior contract) to the house of Baden. - -Page 270. line 8. _Count of Horne._] James the first, son of William -the ninth, lord of Hornes, was advanced to the dignity of a count -of the empire by Frederic the third. He died a monk in 1488. His -son James the second, succeeded him, whose son John the second, -dying without issue, bequeathed the county of Hornes to Philip de -Montmorency, lord of Neville, son of his wife by a former marriage. -Floris, the son of Philip, was the count of Hornes so celebrated in the -history of the Netherlands, who, together with the count of Egmont, -perished on the scaffold in 1570. - -Page 275. line 9 from the bottom. _Lord de Haisenberghe._] John de -Hynsberg, or Heinsberg, the 52nd bishop of Liege, who had some years -before been compelled to resign his bishopric in favour of Louis de -Bourbon, nephew of the duke of Burgundy. - -Page 279. line 20. _Thither._] There must be some mistake in this -passage which I am unable to set right, not having Monstrelet before -me. The widow of Brézé was already in Rouen, where her husband had -been accustomed to reside as seneschal of Normandy; and the duke of -Bourbon obtained entrance by means of a conspiracy entered into between -this lady and Louis de Harcourt, bishop of Bayeux and patriarch of -Jerusalem. See Du Clos. See also, afterwards, page 429. - -Page 281. last line. _Montenac,--a village of Messin, near Metz._] A -mistake. The Montenac here mentioned must be the same with the Montenac -which is mentioned at page 333 and there said to be but four leagues -distant from Liege. - -Page 284. line 13 from the bottom. _De Gasebecque._] Philip de Hornes -lord of Gaesbeck and Baussignies, grand chamberlain to the duke of -Burgundy, died in 1488 leaving issue Arnold lord of Gaesbeck, and John -lord of Baussignies. - -Page 284. line 17. _Grand bailiff of Hainault._] John, son of Anthony -de Rubempré and Jaqueline de Croy, dame de Bievres. He was a great -favourite of duke Charles and fell by his side at the battle of Nancy. -His son was Charles lord of Riviéres. - -Page 304. line 5. _Count de Harcourt._] John V, de Rieux, son of -Francis, and grandson of John III. lord of Rieux who acquired the -county of Harcourt by marriage with Joan, daughter and heir of John -VII. last count de Harcourt of the original line. He was made mareschal -of Bretagne by Francis II., and advanced to the dignity of a mareschal -of France in 1504. - -But Anthony count de Vaudemont laid claim also to the county of -Harcourt in right of his wife Mary, another daughter of John VII. who -brought the county of Aumale into his house; and John of Lorraine, his -second son, bore the title of count de Harcourt. From the subsequent -passage to which I have referred it seems probable that it is this -nobleman and not the lord de Rieux who is here mentioned. - -Page 323. line 10. _Lord de Cohen._] John de Berghes, lord of Cohan. - -Page 354. last line. _Amen._] The death of the duke of Burgundy was, in -respect to his corporal suffering, as fortunate as the whole course of -his life had been. He had at that time reigned forty-eight years, for -the most part in peace, and during the whole with unvarying prosperity -over the ample dominions left him by his father, to which, by conquest -and alliances he added very considerably himself; and at last he -yielded up his soul to God, not, (in the words of Pontus Heuterus) "e -morbo continua intemperantia ascito, sed corpore justæ ætatis pleno -decursu confecto, hoc a Deo magno, inter multa alia, ornatus munere, -ut non diu mortis vitæque conflictum senserit, sed paucis diebus -decumbens, extincto levi continuaque febri, calore naturali, quasi -somno oppressus invictus expirarit." He lost the use of his speech for -some time before his dissolution, but his reason did not forsake him -to the last. When his son Charles threw himself upon his knees before -the bed and submissively asked forgiveness of all his offences, the -duke looked upon him with the most affectionate kindness possible and -pressed his hand most tenderly, but was then unable to speak. He was -first buried at Bruges where he died, but upon the death of his widow -Isabella a few years afterwards, his body was removed to be interred by -the side of hers at the Carthusians of Dijon, where those of both his -predecessors lay. His character, as given by Pontus Heuterus, is too -long for this place; but all historians bear witness to the justice of -the following, as drawn by Du Clos in his life of Louis the eleventh. -"La crainte que les princes inspirent, ne marque que leur puissance, -les respects s'addressent a leur dignité: leur gloire veritable nait -de l'estime et de la considération personnelles que l'on a pour eux. -Philippe jouissoit de ces précieux avantages: il fut surnommé _le -bon_, titre plus glorieux que tous ceux qui ne sont fondés que sur -l'orgueil des princes et le malheur des Hommes. Il aimoit ses peuples -autant qu'il en étoit aimè, et satisfaisoit egalement son inclination -et son devoir, en faisant leur bonheur: on rendoit à ses vertus les -respects dûs à son rang. Son commerce étoit aimable, il étoit sensible -au plaisir, aimoit extremement les femmes, et sa cour étoit la plus -galante de l'Europe. En rendant justice à la vertu de ce prince, on ne -doit pas dissimuler, qu'il s'en écarta quelquefois. Il porta trop loin -sa vengeance contre ceux de Dinant; et son ambition, soutenue d'une -conduite prudente, lui fit faire plusieurs usurpations." The count de -Charolois was the only legitimate offspring that survived him. His -illegitimate children were very numerous, and many of the principal -families in the low countries were descended from them. Though very -munificent and splendid on proper occasions, duke Philip had, by his -wise administration, without in the least impoverishing his states, -amassed a treasure amounting to 400,000 crowns of gold in money, and -62,000 marks of silver in plate, all which was soon dissipated by his -son in his extravagant and unnecessary wars. - -Page 361. line 3 from the bottom. _Geoffroy de St Belin._] Geoffry de -St Belin, Bailli de Chaumont. He was killed in the battle. - -Page 362. line 12. _Lord de la Barde._] Jean Stuyer, lord de la Barde. - -Page 370. line 5. _Chancellor Juvenal des Ursins._] The chancellor, -succeeded by Pierre de Morvillier who held the seals to the year 1465. - -Page 370. line 6. _Marshal._] The marshal who was thus displaced -appears by Morery's tables to be the famous Saintrailles, and there -are two creations of marshals in the same year; 1st John bastard of -Armagnac, lord of Gourdon, and count of Cominges, and 2nd Joachim -Rouault, lord of Boismenard. - -Page 370. line 6. _Admiral._] The admiral, the count de Sancerre, -succeeded by the lord de Montauban. See before. - -Page 370. line 8. _Provost of Paris._] John d'Estouteville, lord of -Beyne, succeeded by Jacques de Villiers, lord of l'Isle Adam. See -afterwards, p. 2. Vol. XI. - -Page 376. line 2. _Pierre d'Oriole._] Pierre d'Oriole afterwards lord -of Loire and chancellor of France in 1472. He was at first mayor of -Rochelle and being sent on frequent deputations to king Charles -VII. attached himself to the court where he rose through the offices -of maitre des Comptes and general des finances to the high dignity -of chancellor. He was reckoned the best lawyer in France, and till -age impaired his powers, was remarkable for his laboriousness and -exactness. But upon his growing remiss with the increase of years, -Louis deprived him of his chancellorship and gave him the post of first -president of the chamber of accounts which he held with honour till his -death in 1483. Du Clos. - -Page 376. line 7. _Sir Charles de Melun._] Charles de Melun, lord of -Nantouillet, lieutenant-general of the kingdom of France, and, in 1465, -appointed grand master. He was at first high in his master's confidence -and esteem but afterwards became suspected, and was accused by his -enemies of treasonable practices and ended his days on a scaffold. - -Page 376. line 9. _John Balue._] This extraordinary person was born -at Angle in Poitou and is reported to have been the son of a miller. -Entering into the church he attached himself to the service of Jacques -Juvenal des Ursins, bishop of Poitiers, who had so much confidence in -him that he made him his executor, an office in which it is suspected -he found means to enrich himself considerably. He afterwards dealt -very largely in simoniacal contracts while under the patronage of -Jean de Beauveau bishop of Angers whom he followed to Rome in 1462. On -his return, he attached himself to the court, where the penetration -of the king soon found out his uncommon abilities and advanced him to -the rank of a counsellor of parliament. He had also the administration -of the royal charities, and is called by historians, but improperly, -grand almoner of France, an office which was first created by Charles -the 8th. Of his subsequent life several particulars will appear in the -course of this history and many more may be seen in Du Clos. - -Page 392. line 5. _William Charretier._] Chartier. This prelate was -celebrated for his virtue and probity; but did himself no good by -meddling in affairs of state for which he was by no means fit. When the -confederate princes menaced Paris previous to the battle of Montlehery, -he gave his advice to admit them within the walls of the city. His -opinion, fortunately for Louis was over-ruled; but the king never liked -him from that time, and when he died in 1472, Louis took the whimsical -measure of sending his complaints against him to the provost of Paris -in order to have them recorded in his epitaph. Du Clos. See also, vol. -ix. p. 124. where this incident is mentioned. - -Page 403. line 9. _Lord de Rambures._] James son of Andrew II; died -after 1488 leaving by Mary de Berghes daughter of John lord of Cohan, -Andrew the third, lord of Rambures his son and successor. - -Page 404. line 8 from the bottom. _Lord de Craon._] This lord de Craon -was George de la Trimoille, second son of George count of Guines and -Boulogne and brother of Louis, first prince of Talmont. He was governor -of Burgundy in 1474 and died without issue in 1481. - -Page 410. line 19. _Poncet de Riviere._] Poncet de la Riviere, Bailli -de Montferrand, commander of franc-archers, &c. &c. an officer of -distinguished merit, but not connected as some have supposed, with -either the ancient house of the viscounts de Riviere in Gascony, or -with that of Rivers in England. See Morery. - -Page 424. line 9. _Staves._] It was in coming out of the house of a -lady of bad fame (probably this very Jeanne du Bois) that the _bishop_ -was thus attacked. The trimming he received proved of some service -to him; for from this time he addicted himself wholly to business -and assumed a gravity of deportment which was more suitable to his -ecclesiastical dignity. Du Clos. - -Page 424. line 19. _Lord de Villier-le-bôcage._] Raoul, lord of -Villiers-au-bocage, third son of John the fourth, lord of Crequy. He -died in 1472 without issue. - -Page 429. line 4. _Lord de Broquemont._] Qu. Braquemont? William de -Braquemont lord of Campremis died some time after 1480, and in him the -family was extinct. - -Page 430. line 2 from the bottom. _Bishop of Evreux._] A mistake--the -bishop of Evreux was the most unlikely person in the world to be -concerned in this business. It is evidently the bishop of Bayeux who is -here meant. - - - -_H. Bryer, Printer, Bridge-Street, Blackfriars, London._ - - -Transcriber's note: Original spelling, including possible inconsistencies, -has been retained. - -*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE CHRONICLES OF ENGUERRAND DE -MONSTRELET, VOL. 10 [OF 13] *** - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will -be renamed. - -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the -United States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. Special rules, set forth in the General Terms of Use part -of this license, apply to copying and distributing Project -Gutenberg-tm electronic works to protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm -concept and trademark. 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You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms -of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online -at <a href="https://www.gutenberg.org">www.gutenberg.org</a>. If you -are not located in the United States, you will have to check the laws of the -country where you are located before using this eBook. -</div> - -<table style='min-width:0; padding:0; margin-left:0; border-collapse:collapse'> - <tr><td style='padding:0'>Title:</td><td style='padding:0'>The Chronicles of Enguerrand de Monstrelet, Vol. 10 [of 13]</td></tr> - <tr><td style='padding:0'></td><td style='padding:0'>Containing an account of the cruel civil wars between the houses of Orleans and Burgundy</td></tr> -</table> - -<div style='display:block; margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:1em; margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em'>Author: Enguerrand de Monstrelet</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:1em; margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em'>Translator: Thomas Johnes</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'>Release Date: May 20, 2021 [eBook #65396]</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'>Language: English</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'>Character set encoding: UTF-8</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em'>Produced by: Graeme Mackreth andThe Online Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images generously made available by The Internet Archive)</div> - -<div style='margin-top:2em; margin-bottom:4em'>*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE CHRONICLES OF ENGUERRAND DE MONSTRELET, VOL. 10 [OF 13] ***</div> - - - - - - -<p class="ph5">THE</p> - -<p class="ph1">CHRONICLES</p> - -<p class="ph5">OF</p> - -<p class="ph2">ENGUERRAND DE MONSTRELET.</p> - - - - - - -<p class="ph6" style="margin-top: 10em;"><i>H. Bryer, Printer, Bridge-Street, Blackfriars, London</i></p> - - - - - - -<p class="ph5" style="margin-top: 10em;">THE</p> - -<p class="ph2">CHRONICLES</p> - -<p class="ph5">OF</p> - -<p class="ph2">ENGUERRAND DE MONSTRELET;</p> - -<p class="ph5">CONTAINING</p> - -<p class="ph4">AN ACCOUNT OF THE CRUEL CIVIL WARS BETWEEN THE HOUSES OF</p> - -<p class="ph3">ORLEANS AND BURGUNDY;</p> - -<p class="ph5">OF THE POSSESSION OF</p> - -<p class="ph4">PARIS AND NORMANDY BY THE ENGLISH;</p> - -<p class="ph4"><i>THEIR EXPULSION THENCE</i>;</p> - -<p class="ph5">AND OF OTHER</p> - -<p class="ph4">MEMORABLE EVENTS THAT HAPPENED IN THE KINGDOM OF FRANCE,</p> - -<p class="ph5">AS WELL AS IN OTHER COUNTRIES.</p> - -<p class="ph4"><i>A HISTORY OF FAIR EXAMPLE, AND OF GREAT PROFIT TO THE -FRENCH</i>,</p> - -<p class="ph5"><i>Beginning at the Year</i> <span class="smcap">MCCCC.</span> <i>where that of Sir JOHN FROISSART finishes, and ending -at the Year</i> <span class="smcap">MCCCCLXVII.</span> <i>and continued by others to the Year</i> <span class="smcap">MDXVI.</span></p> - -<p class="ph5">TRANSLATED</p> - -<p class="ph4">BY THOMAS JOHNES, ESQ.</p> - -<p class="ph4">IN THIRTEEN VOLUMES ... VOL. X.</p> - -<p class="ph4">LONDON:</p> - -<p class="ph5" style="margin-top: 10em;">PRINTED FOR LONGMAN, HURST, REES, ORME, AND BROWN, PATERNOSTER-ROW; -AND J. WHITE AND CO. FLEET-STREET.</p> - -<p class="ph6">1810.</p> - - - - - -<p class="ph2">CONTENTS</p> - - -<p class="ph5">OF</p> - -<p class="ph3"><i>THE TENTH VOLUME</i>.</p> - - -<table summary="toc" width="85%"> -<tr><td colspan="2" align="right">PAGE</td></tr> - -<tr><td colspan="2" align="center"><a href="#CHAP_I">CHAP. I.</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td>The king of France countermands his summons -to the duke of Burgundy, forbids -him to come to Montargis, and orders -him to send thither three or four of his -nobles to consult with the other peers of -France. Slight mention made of the sentence -passed on the duke of Alençon in -the town of Vendôme, with the reservation -of the king's approval</td> <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_1">1</a></td></tr> - - -<tr><td colspan="2" align="center"><a href="#CHAP_II">CHAP. II.</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td>The king's sentence on the duke d'Alençon -read in his presence while seated on his -judgment-seat, by his chancellor</td> <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_6">6</a></td></tr> - - -<tr><td colspan="2" align="center"><a href="#CHAP_III">CHAP. III.</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td>The English make an inroad on the Boulonnois -from Calais. The duke of Burgundy -sends an embassy to the pope, and fortifies -his towns against the English. Arthur -of Brittany dies, and is succeeded in -the dukedom by the count d'Estampes. -Other events</td> <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_10">10</a></td></tr> - - -<tr><td colspan="2" align="center"><a href="#CHAP_IV">CHAP. IV.</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td>The king of France summons the twelve -peers of France to the town of Montargis, -to hear sentence passed on the duke -d'Alençon. Of the death of pope Calixtus. -The king transfers the court of justice -from Montargis to Vendôme</td> <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_13">13</a></td></tr> - - -<tr><td colspan="2" align="center"><a href="#CHAP_V">CHAP. V.</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td>The duke of Alençon is convicted, and condemned -to death for having intended to -deliver up his strong places to the English, -the ancient enemies of France, and to introduce -them into Normandy</td> <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_15">15</a></td></tr> - - -<tr><td colspan="2" align="center"><a href="#CHAP_VI">CHAP. VI.</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td>The ambassadors from England are denied -access to the king of France. The duke -of Cleves attends the meeting of princes -at Mantua. The dauphiness brought to -bed of a son at Genappe. The king of -Scotland killed by a splinter from a bomb</td> <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_41">41</a></td></tr> - - -<tr><td colspan="2" align="center"><a href="#CHAP_VII">CHAP. VII.</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td>Slight mention made of the rebellion and -discord in England. Other incidents</td> <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_48">48</a></td></tr> - - -<tr><td colspan="2" align="center"><a href="#CHAP_VIII">CHAP. VIII.</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td>Edward earl of Marche, eldest son to the -late duke of York, defeats in battle queen -Margaret of England and obtains the -crown by means of the Londoners. The -queen seeks aid from the Scots</td> <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_53">53</a></td></tr> - - -<tr><td colspan="2" align="center"><a href="#CHAP_IX">CHAP. IX.</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td>King Charles of France, having been told -that it was intended to poison him, fell -sick at heart and died</td> <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_60">60</a></td></tr> - - -<tr><td colspan="2" align="center"><a href="#CHAP_X">CHAP. X.</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td>Twelve houses are burnt in the village of -Juchy, near Cambray. The duke of Burgundy -holds the feast of the Golden -Fleece, at St Omer. The dauphiness -brought to bed of a princess, at Genappe. -Ambassadors from the Holy Land come to -the court of France, and thence to the -court of Burgundy</td> <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_62">62</a></td></tr> - - -<tr><td colspan="2" align="center"><a href="#CHAP_XI">CHAP. XI.</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td>Of the death of Charles VII. king of -France. Of the troubles and difficulties -he had to encounter at the commencement -of his reign, and of his glorious and great -feats of arms</td> <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_67">67</a></td></tr> - - -<tr><td colspan="2" align="center"><a href="#CHAP_XII">CHAP. XII.</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td>The dauphin and the duke of Burgundy -make preparations to go to Rheims, for -the coronation of the dauphin. Of the -interment of the late king Charles. The -coronation of king Louis XI. at Rheims. -Other matters</td> <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_70">70</a></td></tr> - - -<tr><td colspan="2" align="center"><a href="#CHAP_XIII">CHAP. XIII.</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td>King Louis XI. makes his public entry into -Paris. The handsome reception he meets -with. The great magnificence of the -duke of Burgundy and his attendants</td> <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_77">77</a></td></tr> - - -<tr><td colspan="2" align="center"><a href="#CHAP_XIV">CHAP. XIV.</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td>The king and the duke of Burgundy take -leave of each other, and depart from Paris. -Events that happened in divers parts</td> <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_85">85</a></td></tr> - - -<tr><td colspan="2" align="center"><a href="#CHAP_XV">CHAP. XV.</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td>The count de Charolois waits on the king -of France at Tours, where he is magnificently -entertained. He loses himself -while at the chase. He returns to Artois -through Normandy, of which the king -had made him his lieutenant</td> <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_90">90</a></td></tr> - - -<tr><td colspan="2" align="center"><a href="#CHAP_XVI">CHAP. XVI.</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td>Duke Philip of Burgundy dangerously ill, -but recovers. Other matters which happened -at this period</td> <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_96">96</a></td></tr> - - -<tr><td colspan="2" align="center"><a href="#CHAP_XVII">CHAP. XVII.</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td>A more particular account of the funeral -services performed at Paris and St Denis, -on the death of king Charles VII. of -France</td> <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_99">99</a></td></tr> - - -<tr><td colspan="2" align="center"><a href="#CHAP_XVIII">CHAP. XVIII.</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td>The disgraceful death of John Coustain, -master of the wardrobe to duke Philip of -Burgundy. The cause of it. The death -of his accuser</td> <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_107">107</a></td></tr> - - -<tr><td colspan="2" align="center"><a href="#CHAP_XIX">CHAP. XIX.</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td>The duke of Burgundy causes a number of -rogues and vagabonds to be executed in -his country of Artois. The death of the -abbot of St Vaast at Arras. Other events. -Taunting replies made by the lord de Chimay -to the king of France.</td> <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_113">113</a></td></tr> - - -<tr><td colspan="2" align="center"><a href="#CHAP_XX">CHAP. XX.</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td>The duchess of Bourbon comes to reside -with her brother the duke of Burgundy. -The king of France grants succours to the -queen of England. Other events that -happened in divers parts</td> <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_118">118</a></td></tr> - - -<tr><td colspan="2" align="center"><a href="#CHAP_XXI">CHAP. XXI.</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td>Of the many different events that happened -during the course of the above year. Of -the hard fortune of Margaret queen of -England</td> <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_122">122</a></td></tr> - - -<tr><td colspan="2" align="center"><a href="#CHAP_XXII">CHAP. XXII.</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td>The king of France gives the county of -Guisnes to the lord de Croy. The count -d'Estampes quits his attachment to the -house of Burgundy. Other events</td> <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_127">127</a></td></tr> - - -<tr><td colspan="2" align="center"><a href="#CHAP_XXIII">CHAP. XXIII.</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td>The king of France repurchases the towns -and lands on the river Somme that had -been pledged to the duke of Burgundy. -He meets the duke at Hêdin. Other -matters</td> <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_132">132</a></td></tr> - - -<tr><td colspan="2" align="center"><a href="#CHAP_XXIV">CHAP. XXIV.</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td>The death of the dowager queen of France. -The king summons the count de Saint -Pol and the lord de Genly to appear personally -before him. The marriage of the -son of the duke of Gueldres. The abolition -of the pragmatic sanction</td> <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_136">136</a></td></tr> - - -<tr><td colspan="2" align="center"><a href="#CHAP_XXV">CHAP. XXV.</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td>A coolness takes place between the duke of -Burgundy and his son the count de Charolois. -The count makes heavy complaints -against the lord de Croy to the -deputies of the three estates assembled by -the duke his father</td> <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_141">141</a></td></tr> - - -<tr><td colspan="2" align="center"><a href="#CHAP_XXVI">CHAP. XXVI.</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td>The answer of the deputies of the estates of -Flanders to the count de Charolois. Peace -restored between him and his father the -duke of Burgundy. The king of France -comes to Arras and Tournay</td> <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_150">150</a></td></tr> - - -<tr><td colspan="2" align="center"><a href="#CHAP_XXVII">CHAP. XXVII.</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td>Of the expedition of the bastard of Burgundy. -The king of France detains prisoner -Philip of Savoy, notwithstanding -he had given him a safe conduct. The -count de St Pol pacifies the king of -France. A battle shortly noticed to have -taken place in England. Other matters</td> <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_159">159</a></td></tr> - - -<tr><td colspan="2" align="center"><a href="#CHAP_XXVIII">CHAP. XXVIII.</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td>The king of France comes to Hêdin a second -time. What passed at the meeting -between him and the duke of Burgundy. -The death of pope Pius II.</td> <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_166">166</a></td></tr> - - -<tr><td colspan="2" align="center"><a href="#CHAP_XXIX">CHAP. XXIX.</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td>The bastard de Reubempré is sent to Holland, -to attempt to take the count de Charolois. -He is arrested himself</td> <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_169">169</a></td> -</tr> - -<tr><td colspan="2" align="center"><a href="#CHAP_XXX">CHAP. XXX.</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td>The king of France summons deputies from -the towns on the Somme, and from other -places to come before him. His harangues -to them. He appoints the count de Nevers -governor of Picardy, and sends an -embassy to the duke of Burgundy, at -Lille</td> <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_174">174</a></td></tr> - - -<tr><td colspan="2" align="center"><a href="#CHAP_XXXI">CHAP. XXXI.</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td>The answer of the count de Charolois to -the ambassadors from France. The king -of France orders Crevecœur, near Cambray, -to be taken possession of. The -duke of Burgundy sends an embassy to -the king of France. The death of the -duke of Orleans</td> <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_183">183</a></td></tr> - - -<tr><td colspan="2" align="center"><a href="#CHAP_XXXII">CHAP. XXXII.</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td>The marriage of king Edward of England, -and the alliance he wishes to form with -France. The bastards of Burgundy return -from their expedition. The duke -of Burgundy dangerously ill. The family -of Croy are dismissed from their -places</td> <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_189">189</a></td></tr> - - -<tr><td colspan="2" align="center"><a href="#CHAP_XXXIII">CHAP. XXXIII.</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td>A copy of the letters which the count de -Charolois sent to the nobles and principal -towns under the dominion of the duke -of Burgundy, to explain the reasons why -he had dismissed the lord de Croy and -his friends from his father's service</td> <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_197">197</a></td></tr> - - -<tr><td colspan="2" align="center"><a href="#CHAP_XXXIV">CHAP. XXXIV.</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td>The duke of Berry, only brother to the -king of France, withdraws himself from -the court of France, and takes refuge -with the duke of Brittany. The count -de Dammartin escapes from prison. Letters -from the duke of Berry to the duke -of Burgundy</td> <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_208">208</a></td></tr> - - -<tr><td colspan="2" align="center"><a href="#CHAP_XXXV">CHAP. XXXV.</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td>A correspondence takes place between the -king of France and the duke of Bourbon. -The king publishes other letters throughout -his realm, and the count de Nevers -issues proclamations in all the towns within -his lieutenancy for the king of France</td> <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_216">216</a></td></tr> - - -<tr><td colspan="2" align="center"><a href="#CHAP_XXXVI">CHAP. XXXVI.</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td>The duke of Burgundy pardons his son. -He orders a large body of men to be -raised for the assistance of the duke of -Berry against his brother the king of -France. Other events that happened at -that time</td> <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_223">223</a></td></tr> - - -<tr><td colspan="2" align="center"><a href="#CHAP_XXXVII">CHAP. XXXVII.</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td>The count de Charolois takes leave of the -duke of Burgundy, and marches his army -and artillery toward France. He crosses -the river Somme, and subjects to his obedience -the towns of Neelle, Roye, and -Mondidier. He besieges Beaulieu, and -crosses the Oise</td> <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_231">231</a></td></tr> - - -<tr><td colspan="2" align="center"><a href="#CHAP_XXXVIII">CHAP. XXXVIII.</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td>The count de Charolois passes the river -Oise, advances to St Denis, and draws up -his army in battle-array before Paris. -The count de St Pol gains possession of -the bridge of St Cloud, and crosses the -Seine with his division of the count's -army</td> <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_236">236</a></td></tr> - - -<tr><td colspan="2" align="center"><a href="#CHAP_XXXIX">CHAP. XXXIX.</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td>The king determines to combat the count -de Charolois. A battle takes place below -Montlehery. The event of it</td> <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_244">244</a></td></tr> - - -<tr><td colspan="2" align="center"><a href="#CHAP_XL">CHAP. XL.</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td>The conduct of the count de Charolois after -the victory he had gained over the king -of France. The consequences of it in -divers places</td> <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_253">253</a></td></tr> - - -<tr><td colspan="2" align="center"><a href="#CHAP_XLI">CHAP. XLI.</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td>The dukes of Berry and of Brittany meet -the count de Charolois at Estampes, where -they are also joined by the dukes of Bourbon, -of Calabria, and of Nemours, with -the count d'Armagnac and others of their -confederation. The king of France leaves -Paris for Rouen</td> <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_259">259</a></td></tr> - - -<tr><td colspan="2" align="center"><a href="#CHAP_XLII">CHAP. XLII.</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td>The various accounts of the success of the -battle of Montlehery that were reported -in divers places</td> <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_264">264</a></td></tr> - - -<tr><td colspan="2" align="center"><a href="#CHAP_XLIII">CHAP. XLIII.</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td>The king of France forms an alliance with -the Liegeois, to make war on the duke -of Burgundy and the count de Charolois. -They besiege the town of Luxembourg</td> <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_268">268</a></td></tr> - - -<tr><td colspan="2" align="center"><a href="#CHAP_XLIV">CHAP. XLIV.</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td>The inhabitants of the town of Dinant insult -the count de Charolois with mockeries. -The king of France meets the -count de Charolois at Conflans. The -duke of Bourbon takes the town of -Rouen</td> <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_274">274</a></td></tr> - - -<tr><td colspan="2" align="center"><a href="#CHAP_XLV">CHAP. XLV.</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td>The death of the countess de Charolois. -The count de Nevers is made prisoner in -the castle of Peronne. The Liegeois are -discomfited at Montenac. The treaty of -Conflans, between the king of France -and the confederated princes</td> <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_281">281</a></td></tr> - - -<tr><td colspan="2" align="center"><a href="#CHAP_XLVI">CHAP. XLVI.</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td>A royal edict respecting what the king of -France had conceded to the count de Charolois -by the treaty of Conflans</td> <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_290">290</a></td></tr> - - -<tr><td colspan="2" align="center"><a href="#CHAP_XLVII">CHAP. XLVII.</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td>The king is present at a review of the count -de Charolois' army. The count takes -leave of the king, and marches his army -against the Liegeois. The duke of Berry -does homage to the king for the duchy -of Normandy</td> <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_298">298</a></td></tr> - - -<tr><td colspan="2" align="center"><a href="#CHAP_XLVIII">CHAP. XLVIII.</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td>The entry of the duke of Berry into Rouen. -The king of France goes into Normandy -and retakes possession of that duchy. He -causes some of the lords of that country, -who had supported his brother, to be -executed and drowned</td> <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_303">303</a></td></tr> - - -<tr><td colspan="2" align="center"><a href="#CHAP_XLIX">CHAP. XLIX.</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td>The count de Charolois enters the country -of Liege with his army. The Liegeois -demand and obtain a truce, but, although -a peace is made, it does not last long</td> <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_306">306</a></td></tr> - - -<tr><td colspan="2" align="center"><a href="#CHAP_L">CHAP. L.</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td>After the treaty concluded at Saint Tron, -the inhabitants attempt to murder the -men of the count de Charolois, but are -overpowered. The count returns to his -father at Brussels. The king of France -raises a large army, in consequence of -which the count de Charolois puts himself -on his guard</td> <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_313">313</a></td></tr> - - -<tr><td colspan="2" align="center"><a href="#CHAP_LI">CHAP. LI.</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td>The Liegeois in Dinant break the peace, and -recommence the war against the duke of -Burgundy. Dinant is besieged and battered -with cannon</td> <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_317">317</a></td></tr> - - -<tr><td colspan="2" align="center"><a href="#CHAP_LII">CHAP. LII.</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td>Dinant is forced to surrender to the will of -the duke of Burgundy. The treatment -it receives, for a perpetual example to -other towns in a like situation</td> <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_325">325</a></td></tr> - - -<tr><td colspan="2" align="center"><a href="#CHAP_LIII">CHAP. LIII.</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td>The duke of Burgundy after the destruction -of Dinant, makes dispositions to -march his army into the territories of -Liege. Several towns surrender to him. -A peace is concluded between them</td> <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_335">335</a></td></tr> - - -<tr><td colspan="2" align="center"><a href="#CHAP_LIV">CHAP. LIV.</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td>Sir Anthony, bastard of Burgundy, goes to -England, to tilt with the lord Scales, brother -to the queen of England</td> <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_343">343</a></td></tr> - - -<tr><td colspan="2" align="center"><a href="#CHAP_LV">CHAP. LV.</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td>The death and interment of the noble duke -Philip of Burgundy, and the grand obsequies -performed for him in the church -of Saint Donnast in Bruges</td> <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_348">348</a></td></tr> - - -<tr><td colspan="2" align="center"><a href="#CHAP_LVI">CHAP. LVI.</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td>Prologue to the chronicles of the most -christian, most magnificent, most victorious, -and most illustrious kings of France, -Louis XI. of the name, and his son -Charles VIII.</td> <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_355">355</a></td></tr> - - -<tr><td colspan="2" align="center"><a href="#CHAP_LVII">CHAP. LVII.</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td>Some recapitulations of the description of -the battle of Montlehery by Monstrelet, -with the addition of facts which he had -omitted</td> <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_359">359</a></td></tr> - - -<tr><td colspan="2" align="center"><a href="#CHAP_LVIII">CHAP. LVIII.</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td>A true account of several events that happened -during the reigns of king Charles -VII. and his son Louis XI. which have -been omitted, or slightly mentioned, in -the chronicle of Enguerrand de Monstrelet</td> <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_365">365</a></td></tr> - - -<tr><td colspan="2" align="center"><a href="#CHAP_LIX">CHAP. LIX.</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td>The king of France comes to Paris, and returns -to Rouen. The bastard de Reubempré -is arrested on the coast of Holland. -The king goes to Tours and other -places, and then to Poitiers, whither the -Parisians send him a deputation respecting -certain of their franchises. Ambassadors -arrive there from the duke of Brittany, -who carry off the duke of Berry. The -death of the duke of Orleans. The duke -of Bourbon makes war on the king of -France, and other events that happened in -the year MCCCCLXIV. omitted by Monstrelet, -and some facts relative to the -death of the good pope Pius II. and concerning -pope Paul II. more than is contained -in the said chronicles</td> <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_372">372</a></td></tr> - - -<tr><td colspan="2" align="center"><a href="#CHAP_LX">CHAP. LX.</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td>The king of France enters the Bourbonnois, -and takes many towns and castles. Events -at Paris and elsewhere. The king besieges -Rioms, in Auvergne. Other incidents -up to the period of the war of -Montlehery, omitted by Monstrelet</td> <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_380">380</a></td></tr> - - -<tr><td colspan="2" align="center"><a href="#CHAP_LXI">CHAP. LXI.</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td>The king comes to Paris after the battle of -Montlehery. Several persons are executed -there. Events that followed the battle of -Montlehery, which have been omitted -by Enguerrand de Monstrelet</td> <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_390">390</a></td></tr> - - -<tr><td colspan="2" align="center"><a href="#CHAP_LXII">CHAP. LXII.</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td>The Burgundians and Bretons quarter themselves -round Paris; on which account the -citizens add to the fortifications of their -town during the king's absence in Normandy. -The king returns to Paris, when -several sallies are made thence on the -enemy, during the lieutenancy of the -count d'Eu. Other events omitted by -Monstrelet</td> <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_401">401</a></td></tr> - - -<tr><td colspan="2" align="center"><a href="#CHAP_LXIII">CHAP. LXIII.</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td>Commissioners appointed by the king and -the confederates to settle the differences -between them. The nobles of Normandy -come to Paris to serve the king. Several -sallies and assaults on each side. Other -events that happened in this same year -MCCCCLXV. omitted by Monstrelet, -until the final peace between the king and -the princes</td> <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_414">414</a></td></tr> - - -<tr><td colspan="2" align="center"><a href="#CHAP_LXIV">CHAP. LXIV.</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td>After the treaty, of Conflans between the -king and princes, provisions are brought -to the confederate army from Paris, on -payment being made for them. The count -de Charolois, on mustering his troops, declares -himself vassal to the king. He does -homage for what he holds under the -crown of France. The duke of Berry -and the others do their homage. Peace is -proclaimed. Other events</td > <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_431">431</a></td></tr> -</table> - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_1" id="Page_1">[Pg 1]</a></span></p> - - - - - -<p class="ph5">HERE BEGINNETH</p> -<p class="ph3">THE TENTH VOLUME</p> -<p class="ph4">OF THE</p> -<p class="ph2">CHRONICLES</p> -<p class="ph5">OF</p> -<p class="ph3"><i>ENGUERRAND DE MONSTRELET</i>.</p> - - - - - -<p class="ph2"><a name="CHAP_I" id="CHAP_I">CHAP. I.</a></p> - -<blockquote> - -<p>THE KING OF FRANCE COUNTERMANDS HIS SUMMONS TO THE DUKE OF BURGUNDY, -FORBIDS HIM TO COME TO MONTARGIS, AND ORDERS HIM TO SEND THITHER -THREE OR FOUR OF HIS NOBLES TO CONSULT WITH THE OTHER PEERS OF -FRANCE.—SLIGHT MENTION MADE OF THE SENTENCE PASSED ON THE DUKE OF -ALENÇON IN THE TOWN OF VENDÔME, WITH THE RESERVATION OF THE KING'S -APPROVAL.</p></blockquote> - - -<p class="drop"><span class="uppercase">On</span> the return of Golden Fleece king at arms, about the beginning of -June, he told duke Philip his lord, that the king having learnt that he -intended coming to Montar<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_2" id="Page_2">[Pg 2]</a></span>gis with a very numerous army, which would -unavoidably do great damage to the countries they should pass through, -on that account held him excused from coming thither in person, and -entreated that he would send three or four of his council to represent -him.</p> - -<p>The duke immediately appointed the count d'Estampes, sir Simon de -Lalain, knights, and some clerks of his council, together with Golden -Fleece king at arms, as his proxies at the ensuing meeting.</p> - -<p>Before this, however, took place, a great meeting was held at -Gravelines, between commissioners from England and others sent by -duke Philip. Soon after, the count d'Estampes went under a passport -to Calais, where he was grandly feasted by the English; and it was -reported that a truce was then agreed on between the two countries.</p> - -<p>The king of France, considering that Montargis could not hold the -numbers of people summoned to attend the judgment of the duke of -Alençon, changed the place of meeting to Vendôme, where he appeared -in so royal a state that it was a pleasure to<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_3" id="Page_3">[Pg 3]</a></span> see him,—and all who -had been summoned were expected to come thither. On the day appointed, -only the proxies for the duke of Burgundy appeared before the king, of -all the temporal peers: in consequence, by royal authority, he named -proxies for the duke of Bourbon, the count de Foix, the count de la -Marche, and the count d'Eu, to assist the king in passing sentence on -the duke d'Alençon.</p> - -<p>When the court had been thus regularly formed in the place prepared -for it, master John L'Orfevre, president of Luxembourg, and one of the -proxies for the duke of Burgundy, arose, and besought the king that -he would be pleased to hear what he had been charged by his lord to -say, in defence of the duke d'Alençon. The king having granted him -permission to speak, he began an harangue of some length, very well -arranged and ornamented, with apt quotations from the Scriptures, -containing four propositions which the duke of Burgundy had ordered him -to lay before the king, to induce him to incline to a merciful sentence -on the duke of Alençon, whom his lord considered as his near relative.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_4" id="Page_4">[Pg 4]</a></span></p> - -<p>The first proposition was, that it belonged at all times to royal -majesty to show mercy, and use clemency.</p> - -<p>The second, that the duke of Alençon was nearly related to the king.</p> - -<p>Thirdly, that the services which the duke of Alençon himself, and -his ancestors, had rendered to the crown of France, should be well -considered; and, fourthly, the weakness of mind of the duke of Alençon, -which being added to the three foregoing propositions, if duly weighed -by the king, might induce him to show clemency to the duke.</p> - -<p>The cardinal de Constance answered in the king's name, that his majesty -had carefully listened to all the reasons that had just been offered -by the duke of Burgundy, to incline him to show mercy on the duke -d'Alençon: that in reply to the first proposition, it was true, mercy -and clemency properly belonged to kings and sovereign princes,—but to -do justice was also an inherent right in them, and it was in virtue of -this that kings reigned; for if that were neglected, their kingdoms -would be devoured by robbers and thieves.</p> - -<p>As to the second point, that the duke<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_5" id="Page_5">[Pg 5]</a></span> d'Alençon was related to the -king, he should answer, that so much the more was he bounden to guard -the preservation and welfare of the king and his crown.</p> - -<p>As to the third point, touching the services done by the duke's -ancestors to the crown of France, &c. he should say, that he had not -in these instances followed their steps: and since children should not -suffer for the evil deeds of their fathers, neither ought they to claim -any merit from their services.</p> - -<p>With regard to the last point, he should reply, that the lord d'Alençon -had clearly shown that he was not very wise; but he was not so simple -as had been stated, for he had, in the matters charged against him, -proceeded with great subtilty and malice, as was apparent and might -be seen in the evidence on his trial: that it had not depended on him -that his treason was unsuccessful, and that he was equally deserving -punishment as if his treachery had taken effect. The cardinal concluded -by saying, that the king would act in this business with the advice of -the princes of his blood, and the members of his council;<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_6" id="Page_6">[Pg 6]</a></span> that the -king would have been glad, and was desirous of the able assistance of -the duke of Burgundy, whose absence he regretted, but that he would -act in such wise that the duke of Burgundy and the public should be -satisfied with the sentence he would give.</p> - - - -<hr class="chap" /> -<p class="ph2"><a name="CHAP_II" id="CHAP_II">CHAP. II.</a></p> - -<blockquote> - -<p>THE KING'S SENTENCE ON THE DUKE D'ALENÇON READ IN HIS PRESENCE WHILE -SEATED ON HIS JUDGMENT-SEAT, BY HIS CHANCELLOR.</p></blockquote> - - - -<p class="drop"><span class="uppercase">'Charles</span>, by the grace of God, king of France. Having been duly -informed that John duke of Alençon, peer of France, has entered into -a treasonable correspondence, by himself and others, with our ancient -enemies and adversaries the English,—we make known, that having -personally examined in our chamber of peers, and others for this -business called in, the charges and evidence produced against John -d'Alençon, together with his confessions, and<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_7" id="Page_7">[Pg 7]</a></span> other facts brought -duly forward,—we, by the advice of the aforesaid chamber of peers, -have declared, and by these presents do declare, that the said John -d'Alençon is guilty of high treason against us and our crown,—for -which we have deprived, and do deprive him of the honour and dignity of -a peer of France, and of all dignities and honours attached thereto.</p> - -<p>'We have also condemned, and do by these presents condemn, him to -suffer death according to law, and have declared, and do declare, all -the effects of the said John d'Alençon to be confiscated to our use, -and to belong to us, saving, however, any further orders or regulations -we may make concerning the same.'</p> - -<p>This sentence having been publicly read, the king declared his will to -be, that the execution of the duke d'Alençon should be deferred until -his further pleasure were known: that in respect to the confiscation -of his effects, &c. although his children ought, according to law -and usage, to be deprived of every honour, prerogative and property, -and reduced to such beggary as may be an example to all others, -consider<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_8" id="Page_8">[Pg 8]</a></span>ing the enormity of the crimes of their father,—nevertheless, -in remembrance of the services done by their ancestors to the kings -and crown of France, and in the expectation that these children -will conduct themselves toward the king as good and loyal subjects -should do to their sovereign lord, and likewise out of favour to the -solicitations of the duke of Brittany<a name="FNanchor_1_1" id="FNanchor_1_1"></a><a href="#Footnote_1_1" class="fnanchor">[1]</a>, uncle to the duke of Alençon, -the king, out of his grace, declares, that the effects of the duke -of Alençon shall remain to the wife and children of the said duke of -Alençon; but the king reserves to himself all artillery, arms, and -military stores.</p> - -<p>With regard to the lands and lordships, the king retains the towns, -castles, and viscounties of Alençon, Domfront, and Verneuil, as well -on one side of the river Aure as on the other, with all their rights, -privileges, and dependences, which, from this moment, he incorporates -into the domain of the crown of France. The king retains also the -castlewick and lordship of St Blansay in Touraine, together with the -tolls<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_9" id="Page_9">[Pg 9]</a></span> which the said d'Alençon had and received from the bridges of -Tours, to regulate at his pleasure.</p> - -<p>Item, the king reserves to himself all the homage, dues, and -acknowledgments which appertained to the said d'Alençon on account of -his country of Perche, on the town of Nogent le Rotrou, with all its -dependances, and all other lands belonging to the count du Maine, in -right of the countess du Maine his wife.</p> - -<p>Item, in regard to the other lands and effects immoveable, the king -wills that they belong to the children of the said d'Alençon,—namely, -the county of Perche to be enjoyed by his only son Réné, and his heirs -in lawful marriage, without, however, any dignity or prerogative of -peerage. As for the other effects of the said d'Alençon, the king -wills, that they be divided among the younger children, who are to -be under the wardship of the king until they become of an age to -manage for themselves,—they to enjoy these estates as their own free -inheritance, and the said estates to descend to the heirs of their -bodies lawfully begotten in marriage, according to the usages<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_10" id="Page_10">[Pg 10]</a></span> of the -countries in which those estates are situated.</p> - -<p>When this had been finally settled, the king ordered the duke d'Alençon -to confinement in the strong prison of the castle of Aiquesmortes,<a name="FNanchor_2_2" id="FNanchor_2_2"></a><a href="#Footnote_2_2" class="fnanchor">[2]</a> -not far from Avignon.</p> - - - -<hr class="chap" /> -<p class="ph2"><a name="CHAP_III" id="CHAP_III">CHAP. III.</a></p> - -<blockquote> - -<p>THE ENGLISH MAKE AN INROAD ON THE BOULONOIS FROM CALAIS.—THE DUKE OF -BURGUNDY SENDS AN EMBASSY TO THE POPE, AND FORTIFIES HIS TOWNS AGAINST -THE ENGLISH.—ARTHUR OF BRITTANY DIES, AND IS SUCCEEDED IN THE DUKEDOM -BY THE COUNT D'ESTAMPES.—OTHER EVENTS.</p></blockquote> - - -<p class="drop"><span class="uppercase">About</span> this period, eight hundred combatants issued out of Calais and -marched to Estaples,<a name="FNanchor_3_3" id="FNanchor_3_3"></a><a href="#Footnote_3_3" class="fnanchor">[3]</a> where they found many vessels laden with wines -from Poitou, which the Bretons had brought thither to sell, all of -<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_11" id="Page_11">[Pg 11]</a></span>which the English made them ransom. They gained also numbers of mules, -which some merchants from Languedoc had conducted thither to carry back -a cargo of salted herrings: these were also ransomed, and they carried -away several prisoners.</p> - -<p>The duke of Burgundy sent this year, about Christmas, a handsome -embassy to pope Pius at Rome, to do him homage for all his states, like -a good son of the church, and, shortly afterward, another embassy to -the king of France, to avoid a war, which every body conjectured would -ensue, because the dauphin resided with the duke contrary to the will -of his father, and had refused to return to France.</p> - -<p>The English, on the frontier of Calais, made continual inroads on the -territories of the duke; and to check them, he strengthened with men at -arms the garrisons of Bologne, Ardres, Gravelines, Fiennes and St Omer. -They were ordered to oppose force by force, and to hang all whom they -should take.</p> - -<p>About Christmas died Arthur duke of Brittany, without leaving any male -heir: he was therefore succeeded in the duchy by<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_12" id="Page_12">[Pg 12]</a></span> John de Bretagne -count d'Estampes, son to the brother of a former duke of Brittany by -a sister of the duke of Orleans. Notwithstanding that he was count -d'Estampes, John of Burgundy, brother to the count de Nevers, assumed -the same title, but without advantage,—for the king held possession of -Estampes, and gave the revenue of it to whomsoever he pleased.</p> - -<p>At this time, peace was restored between the duke of Burgundy and the -count of St Pol, so that the count was on the same familiar terms with -the duke and as much beloved by him as before: he was likewise in the -good graces of the count de Charolois.</p> - -<p>Nearly at this period, an embassy from Greece, of about fifty horsemen, -waited on the duke, to request that he would personally attend, or send -his proxies, to a meeting appointed by pope Pius, of all the princes -of Christendom, touching the welfare of the catholic church. The duke -received them honourably, and gave them rich presents, and said, that, -under God's pleasure, he would send proxies to the meeting they had -mentioned.</p> - - - - - -<div class="footnotes"><p class="ph3">FOOTNOTES:</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_1_1" id="Footnote_1_1"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1_1"><span class="label">[1]</span></a> Duke of Brittany. Q. if it should not be of Burgundy.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_2_2" id="Footnote_2_2"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2_2"><span class="label">[2]</span></a> Aiquesmortes,—a town in lower Languedoc, five leagues -from Montpellier.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_3_3" id="Footnote_3_3"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3_3"><span class="label">[3]</span></a> Estaples,—a town in Picardy, at the mouth of the Conche, -four leagues from Bologne.</p></div></div> - - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_13" id="Page_13">[Pg 13]</a></span></p> - -<p class="ph2"><a name="CHAP_IV" id="CHAP_IV">CHAP IV.</a></p> - -<blockquote> - -<p>THE KING OF FRANCE SUMMONS THE TWELVE PEERS OF FRANCE TO THE TOWN OF -MONTARGIS, TO HEAR SENTENCE PASSED ON THE DUKE D'ALENÇON.—OF THE -DEATH OF POPE CALIXTUS.—THE KING TRANSFERS THE COURT OF JUSTICE FROM -MONTARGIS TO VENDÔME.</p></blockquote> - - -<p class="drop"><span class="uppercase">In</span> the year 1458, the king of France summoned the twelve peers of his -realm, secular as well as temporal, and the members of his court of -parliament, to assemble in the town of Montargis on the 8th day of -June, in which place he intended holding a court of justice, and for -considering other matters that greatly affected the welfare of the -realm. The most part of those summoned attended, and were there for -two months, treating on the condemnation or acquittal of the duke of -Alençon, cousin-german to the king, and one of the peers of France.</p> - -<p>The duke of Alençon had been imprisoned for certain treasonable acts -imputed<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_14" id="Page_14">[Pg 14]</a></span> to him, and of which he was said to be guilty. There were -present at this meeting the count de Dunois and de Longueville, the -chancellor of France, master Pierre du Reffuge,<a name="FNanchor_4_4" id="FNanchor_4_4"></a><a href="#Footnote_4_4" class="fnanchor">[4]</a> general of France, -and many other great lords and officers. The duke of Burgundy would not -appear, although he had been summoned, and was the first of the peers. -He had refused to come in consequence of an article in the treaty of -Arras, by which he could not be constrained to attend any meeting but -at his own free will.</p> - -<p>The king remained at Baugency during these two months, always intending -to have gone to Montargis; but fearing the epidemic distemper which -raged there, and the badness of the air, he dissolved the meeting, and -appointed it to assemble within fifteen days afterward at Vendôme.</p> - -<p>On the 4th of April, in this year, died pope Calixtus,—and Pius, a -native of Italy, was elected in his room.</p> - -<p>The 15th of August, all the king's counsellors, as well laics as -ecclesiastics, of<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_15" id="Page_15">[Pg 15]</a></span> his court of parliament, who had been summoned, came -to Vendôme,—even the bishop of Paris and the abbot of St Denis, who -had not appeared at Montargis.</p> - -<div class="footnotes"><p class="ph3">FOOTNOTES:</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_4_4" id="Footnote_4_4"></a><a href="#FNanchor_4_4"><span class="label">[4]</span></a> Reffuge. Q.</p></div></div> - - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<p class="ph2"><a name="CHAP_V" id="CHAP_V">CHAP. V.</a></p> - -<blockquote> - -<p>THE DUKE OF ALENÇON IS CONVICTED, AND CONDEMNED TO DEATH FOR HAVING -INTENDED TO DELIVER UP HIS STRONG PLACES TO THE ENGLISH, THE ANCIENT -ENEMIES OF FRANCE, AND TO INTRODUCE THEM INTO NORMANDY.</p></blockquote> - - -<p class="drop"><span class="uppercase">'Charles</span>, by the grace of God, king of France, to all to whom these -presents may come, health and affection. Whereas we have been duly -informed, that John duke of Alençon, a peer of France, has held various -treasonable correspondences with our ancient enemies the English; and -that for this purpose he has sent divers messengers to England without -our leave or licence, and without making us acquainted with the purport -of them, to the great danger and prejudice of us and our realm.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_16" id="Page_16">[Pg 16]</a></span> To -obviate the evil effects that might have arisen from such conduct, we -provided a remedy, and, in conscience, commanded, under our letters -patent given at Chastelier, near Esbrimbe, the 24th day of May, in the -year 1456, our dear and well beloved cousin the count de Dunois and -de Longueville, our beloved and faithful counsellors and chamberlains -Pierre de Brézé, lord of Varennes and grand seneschal of Normandy, John -le Boursier, superintendant general of our finances, William Cousinot, -knight, bailiff of Rouen, and Odet d'Aidié, bailiff of Coutantin, to -lay hands on and arrest our said nephew the duke of Alençon; and for -the furtherance of his trial, we issued our orders, dated at Mont -Richart<a name="FNanchor_5_5" id="FNanchor_5_5"></a><a href="#Footnote_5_5" class="fnanchor">[5]</a> the 23d of last May, for our court of parliament, then -sitting at Paris, to adjourn to the town of Montargis, on the first -day of June last, and to remain there until the whole of the judicial -proceedings on this subject should have been brought to a conclusion.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_17" id="Page_17">[Pg 17]</a></span></p> - -<p>'We also summoned to attend this court of justice, at Montargis, a -sufficient number of presidents and counsellors of our said parliament, -together with the peers and princes of our blood, the chancellor, some -masters of the requests of our household, and others of our council. In -consequence whereof, our said chancellor, our well beloved and faithful -counsellors, the archbishop-duke of Rheims, the bishops and dukes of -Laon and Langres, the bishops and counts of Beauvais, of Châlons and -Noyon, peers of France, our said presidents, masters of requests, and -counsellors of our court of parliament and the members of our council -have regularly assembled in the town of Montargis, and have there taken -the preparatory steps for the judgment of the said d'Alençon, by the -interrogation of his accomplices and adherents, which occupied them -until the 10th day of July last passed.</p> - -<p>'These lords did not proceed further, in the expectation of our -coming thither to bring the matter to a conclusion in our presence; -but we delayed going to Montargis on account of the great mortality -that then<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_18" id="Page_18">[Pg 18]</a></span> existed in the towns of Orleans, Sully, and other places -around, through which we must have passed; and not only to avoid the -consequences that might have arisen from this mortality we deferred -going thither, but also having heard that our enemies had fitted out -a considerable fleet, with the intent of invading our kingdom on the -coasts of Saintonge, Poitou, and lower Normandy. That we might be -ready to oppose any such attempts, we, by the advice of our council, -transferred this court of justice from Montargis to the town of Vendôme.</p> - -<p>'We ordered the members of the said court to assemble at Vendôme on -the 15th day of August, then and there to continue sitting until they -should have brought this trial to a close.</p> - -<p>'We afterward came to Vendôme in person, where were assembled -many of the princes of our blood, peers of France, both laics and -ecclesiastics, and those before named, with the members of our council -and court of parliament, and others for this business summoned thither. -While we were seated on our judgment-seat, the court<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_19" id="Page_19">[Pg 19]</a></span> being filled -with the whole of its members, the said d'Alençon was brought before -it, who, after having had the oath administered to him, to declare the -whole truth respecting the crimes with which he was charged, frankly -and voluntarily confessed as follows.</p> - -<p>'That after lord Shrewsbury had taken Bordeaux, an Englishman called -James Hay, attached to sir Richard Woodville, an English knight, came -to him at Alençon, under a passport, and made secret proposals to him -of a marriage between his daughter and the son of the duke of York: -that, as well in regard to this marriage as for other matters they -mutually wished to be acquainted with, they held many conversations, -and agreed on a certain manner of squeezing the hand and thumb, as a -signal that every person was to give before he delivered any message -relative to this business, to prevent their being betrayed.</p> - -<p>'That about the month of August in the year 1455, he, the said duke of -Alençon, sent for a priest living at Domfront, called Thomas Gillet, -whom, having sworn<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_20" id="Page_20">[Pg 20]</a></span> to secrecy, he told that he intended to send him -to England, and detained him some time with him for this purpose, and -carried him to La Fleche in Anjou, expecting to be enabled to send -him from thence: that while he was at La Fleche, an English herald, -called Huntingdon, came thither, to whom he opened his intentions, and -charged him to return to England, and to exhort his countrymen, by -every possible means, to make a descent in Normandy, desiring them, by -the aid of God, or the devil, to make up their internal quarrels, and -not think of any thing else but this invasion: that now was the time or -never; and should they allow the present most favourable opportunity -to slip by, they would never again find another; for that the king -was at a distance, and his army separated in three divisions,—one -in Armagnac, another in Guienne, and the third employed against the -dauphin: that the nobles and great towns, as well as the people of all -ranks, were more discontented than could be conceived; and that he, the -duke of Alençon, was himself so displeased with the present government -that, if the English<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_21" id="Page_21">[Pg 21]</a></span> would support him, he would aid them to the -utmost of his power,—for that he had sufficient stores and artillery -to combat for a day ten thousand men. He advised that the king of -England should come in person, and with not less than from thirty to -forty thousand combatants: that there was in Normandy only one of the -king's generals, with but four hundred lances, and that they might -conquer the greater part of the country before any resistance could be -made.</p> - -<p>'He advised that the king of England should, on his landing, issue -a proclamation, by sound of trumpet, to forbid any one, under pain -of instant death, to take goods or other effects from husbandmen -or labourers by force, and to leave every one at peace in their -habitations. The king of England was likewise to revoke all the gifts -made by his father and by himself, to grant a full pardon to every one, -and to proceed as if it were a new conquest.</p> - -<p>'In consequence of this treachery, our enemies did land in several -parts of our dominions, namely, the king of England and the duke of -York in lower Normandy,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_22" id="Page_22">[Pg 22]</a></span> the duke of Buckingham at Calais, to march -through Picardy to the country of Caux, and to cut off all intercourse -with us, should we attempt to oppose them. Those of Guienne, according -to the duke of Alençon, were much discontented; and if our enemies -would support them, they would rise in rebellion against us,—and, in -short, we should lose all that part of our country. The enemy was to -inform the duke of Alençon three months before they intended to land, -that he might provide his places with stores, and prevent us from -taking possession of them.</p> - -<p>'On their landing, the English commander was to send the herald -Huntingdon to the duke to make him acquainted with their numbers and -plans, that he might take measures to act in concert with them. The -duke particularly insisted, when he sent Huntingdon to England, that -king Henry should bring with him as much money as possible; and that he -should deliver at Bruges, or elsewhere, twenty thousand crowns, or at -least ten thousand, at his disposal, should be there deposited without -loss of time, and not longer than<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_23" id="Page_23">[Pg 23]</a></span> a month after their landing, for him -to pay his men, and put his artillery on a respectable footing; for he -charged the herald to say, that on their landing they would find part -of his artillery at Alençon or Domfront.</p> - -<p>'The said d'Alençon confessed that he had promised, on oath, to -Huntingdon, that he would punctually perform the engagements he had -entered into with the enemies of our realm; and he made this herald -swear that he would tell all these things to the duke of York, Richard -Woodville, and James Hay, and that he would reveal them to none others -but them.</p> - -<p>'That our enemies might not have any doubts of the truth of the above -engagements, the said d'Alençon gave to Huntingdon, on his departure, -credential letter addressed to the duke of York, signed with an N, -with a stroke through it, containing as follows; 'Gentlemen, have the -goodness to believe what the bearer of this shall tell you from me. I -thank you for your kind intentions, and it shall not be my fault if -they be not farther strengthened.' In saying this, our said nephew -had well remem<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_24" id="Page_24">[Pg 24]</a></span>bered that he had given to Huntingdon the fullest -information respecting his own affairs, as well as those of our -kingdom, in order to accomplish his designs, and then had sent him to -England.</p> - -<p>'The said d'Alençon confessed, that some time afterwards, he had -also sent thither Thomas Gillet, the priest before mentioned, and -had charged him to acquaint the duke of York or Richard Woodville -(having previously made the signal with the thumb) with the state of -our kingdom, and the discontent of the people, and to press them to -make the invasion as soon as they could, and with as large a force -as possible,—to tell them, that they were very thoughtless in not -having before attempted it, for they could never have so fair an -opportunity of recovering what they had lost; and if they would land -twenty thousand men, they would regain the greater part of the country -before we could provide any effectual resistance; for we were at a -distance, in Berry, on an expedition against our son the dauphin: that -there were no forces in that part of the kingdom: that the people were -exceedingly<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_25" id="Page_25">[Pg 25]</a></span> discontented, and that now or never was the time for -reconquering Normandy. Thomas Gillet said, that the duke d'Alençon was -much surprised he had not heard from them, nor from the herald; that -they should send him back with intelligence of their intentions; and he -told them frankly, that unless they showed more vigour and activity, -the enterprise had better be dropped. He spoke to them likewise of the -twenty thousand crowns that had been stated as necessary, by the said -d'Alençon, to Huntingdon; and the said d'Alençon had bidden him assure -the duke of York, that he was the most beloved of all his family in -Normandy, and that the people of the country would do more for him than -for any one else.</p> - -<p>'Thomas Gillet was also charged to tell the English, on their -landing, not to forget to issue the proclamations he had mentioned to -Huntingdon; and if he were spoken to concerning the marriage of his -daughter with the eldest son of the duke of York, to say all he knew -and all he had seen of her. The said d'Alençon gave to Gillet letters -of the following tenour, to<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_26" id="Page_26">[Pg 26]</a></span> deliver to the duke of York. 'Sir,' &c. 'I -commend myself to you, and entreat that you will instantly let me hear -from you, and have me in your thoughts. For God's sake, use diligence -in his designs: it is time: and acquit yourself manfully, for who waits -becomes displeased. Hasten to send me money, for your service has cost -me much, and may God grant all your desires.' Written as above, and -at the bottom 'always yours, N.' adding a postscript, to say, that a -little before Christmas, he would send a person, called Pierre Fortin, -to Calais, and would instruct him to make the signal of the thumb, that -he might converse with James Hay or Richard Woodville, and know from -them if they had any intelligence to give him from the herald or Thomas -Gillet.</p> - -<p>'The said d'Alençon also confessed, that between Christmas and the -Epiphany, Thomas Gillet and the herald returned from England, and -reported to him, that the duke of York and the chancellor of England -thanked him for his good intentions; that the parliament of England -was not as yet assembled, nor the king of Eng<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_27" id="Page_27">[Pg 27]</a></span>land in a situation to -send him an immediate and decisive answer,—but that the parliament -would shortly be holden, and the matter should then be so arranged that -the duke of Alençon should be satisfied, and that he should receive -information thereof in the course of the ensuing Lent, by the said -Woodville.</p> - -<p>'Gillet added, that the duke of York commended himself to the said -d'Alençon, thanked him for his good wishes, and begged of him to -continue them to him,—and assured him that before the month of -September next the duke, accompanied by the greatest lords of England, -would invade Normandy with such a large army that the said d'Alençon -should be contented; but he was required to secure some good sea-port -on that coast for their landing,—and they wished to know whether the -dauphin would go into Normandy. A nearly similar message did Gillet -deliver from the chancellor of England.</p> - -<p>'The said d'Alençon likewise confessed that, on the return of these his -messengers, he had dispatched to England a person called master Edmund -Gallet, having<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_28" id="Page_28">[Pg 28]</a></span> first sworn him on the Scriptures to secrecy, and then -he gave him a letter addressed to the duke of York, signed with his -real name 'John,' and sealed with his own signet: it was cut into four -pieces, and contained as follows: 'My lords, I commend myself to you. -The messages you sent me have been delivered; and I beg to hear further -from you as speedily as may be, if you propose undertaking the measures -the bearer will explain to you: it is now time, and I will support you -in such wise that you shall be satisfied. You may believe all that the -bearer shall say to you from me.'</p> - -<p>'The said d'Alençon owned that he had charged Gallet to bring him -back an answer as to the marriage, and the other things that he had -mentioned to the English lords by Gillet and the herald: to tell them -that it was now full time to begin the business, if they looked for -success; and that he wished they were landed in Normandy in bodies as -thick as flies or hailstones.</p> - -<p>'That the said d'Alençon was assured that we intended to march against -our son the dauphin; and that if they landed and<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_29" id="Page_29">[Pg 29]</a></span> entered into proper -engagements with him, the dauphin would join them, and give up to them -his artillery and strong places, and every thing else within his power: -he repeated, therefore, that they must not delay nor fail to come,—and -the twenty thousand crowns must be instantly paid.</p> - -<p>'The said d'Alençon said, that being astonished that Gallet was not -returned from England, he sent about Easter the said Fortin to Calais, -and charged him, after making the usual signs, to talk with the -English, and learn whether they intended invading Normandy or not. He -added, that Gallet came back from England about Low Sunday, and brought -letters signed, as he said, by the king himself, namely, Henry, and -that these letters contained in effect as follows: 'Very dear cousin, -we thank you for your good will toward us: we shall send commissioners -on the first day of next August to Bruges, to propose a truce between -us and our fair cousin of Burgundy, where we shall hope that they may -meet commissioners from you, to settle every thing between us, and we -shall act in such wise as, please God, you may be satisfied.'</p> - - - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_30" id="Page_30">[Pg 30]</a></span></p> - -<p>'The said d'Alençon said, that Gallet had informed him the king of -England had taken the government into his own hands, and that the -duke of York had retired into Wales, which had caused the said Gallet -to address himself to the king in person, telling him of the good -inclinations of the duke of Alençon, for which he thanked him, and -said, that he should send ambassadors to Bruges, as he had stated -in the said letters, and that the duke d'Alençon should send others -from him to meet them; that these ambassadors would settle every -thing relative to the twenty thousand crowns, and they would mutually -exchange written documents respecting the matters under consideration.</p> - -<p>'The said d'Alençon confessed, that because the term for the payment -of the said twenty thousand crowns was remote, and because he wished -to be made acquainted with the state of preparation of our enemies, he -again sent Gallet into England, to press the advance of the money, and -to obtain a blank passport, for any one of his people whom he might -wish to send thither touching these several matters,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_31" id="Page_31">[Pg 31]</a></span> should there be -any necessity for it; that he told the said Gallet, as the chance of -war was uncertain, he wished to secure a retreat in England, should -their plans prove abortive, and mentioned the duchies of Bedford, of -Glocester, and of the lands which the dukes of the said duchies held -for life, that he might speak of them to the king of England.</p> - -<p>'That, on the departure of Gallet, the said d'Alençon gave him letters, -addressed to the duke of York, containing as follows: 'My lord, I -commend myself to you, and am very much surprised that I did not -receive any intelligence from you by the bearer of this on his return -from England. I entreat that I may speedily hear from you,—and you may -safely believe whatever he shall tell you from me.' He wrote also other -letters to master Louis Gallet, residing in England, father to this -Edmund Gallet, thanking him for his good inclinations toward him, of -which he had been informed by his son, to whom he desired that he would -always address himself on this business.</p> - -<p>'The said d'Alençon added, that as<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_32" id="Page_32">[Pg 32]</a></span> he and master Edmund were -conversing on this subject, master Edmund told him that it was the -intention of the English to send the duke of Glocester and the son -of lord Shrewsbury, to make a landing in Guienne, with ten or twelve -thousand men,—while the king, the duke of York, and a large body -of nobles should invade our province of Normandy: that the duke of -Buckingham, with the earls of Wiltshire and Worcester, should land -at Calais, with ten or twelve thousand combatants, and march through -Picardy. He likewise confessed that he had spoken on this subject to -Fortin, one of the gentlemen of his chamber, to induce him to join -him in his plans to support the English, and that he had sent him to -Granville,<a name="FNanchor_6_6" id="FNanchor_6_6"></a><a href="#Footnote_6_6" class="fnanchor">[6]</a> to examine the state of that place, if it were well -fortified, and what repairs had lately been made there, especially on -the side where it had been formerly taken; and if that Fortin joined -the English, as it appears he did, he was to find out some means of -delivering up<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_33" id="Page_33">[Pg 33]</a></span> Granville, and as many other places as possible to them.</p> - -<p>'The said d'Alençon confessed, that he had been induced by his -different messages to excite the English to invade our kingdom by the -advice and instigation of a person called Matthew Prestre, whom he knew -not otherwise than by name, but who said he was from the country of -the Lionnois and attached to the bastard d'Armagnac, and who, (as the -said d'Alençon said) had brought him credential letters from our son -the dauphin, and from the bastard d'Armagnac. Of the letters from the -dauphin, the said d'Alençon said, that he had his suspicions of their -reality from their not being in the usual style in which the dauphin -was accustomed to write to him: he also suspected the signature was not -the dauphin's. On this matter, and at the request of the said d'Alençon -several witnesses specified by him, and of his household, have been -examined by our commissioners, who have affirmed that they saw the said -Matthew Prestre.</p> - -<p>'The said Edmund Gallet has also been examined, to whom the said -d'Alen<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_34" id="Page_34">[Pg 34]</a></span>çon had declared that he had made most ample communications -respecting the said Matthew Prestre; and the said Gallet has been -confronted with the said d'Alençon, and interrogated respecting the -different messages he had carried to England, as well as others of -his accomplices, who, it may be supposed, would know if the statement -touching this Matthew Prestre were true, who have all denied any -knowledge thereof, so that it may be presumed, from their depositions, -that the contrary to what the said d'Alençon had said was the fact: -besides, the said d'Alençon declares that he never had any letters from -our said son, nor any communication from him on these matters, but -through the said Matthew, and that he knew not whether he communicated -the above from himself or from others,—and that he, the said -d'Alençon, had never any instructions from our said son on this subject.</p> - -<p>'Several remonstrances having been made to the said d'Alençon on this -part of his conduct, it has appeared that the whole was a contrivance -to cover his treasonable practices, and to give a colour to them,—<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_35" id="Page_35">[Pg 35]</a></span>for -the said d'Alençon said, that he knew not what reply to make to these -remonstrances. As a further confirmation, when the said d'Alençon has -been interrogated as to this Matthew, he has varied in his answers on -many points, as may be clearly seen in the evidence of his trial.</p> - -<p>'From all of which, and from the whole of what has been advanced by the -said d'Alençon, as well as from the interrogatories of the different -witnesses respecting Matthew Prestre and his interference, and from -other evidence examined at the request of the said d'Alençon, we have -not found any thing wherewith we could accuse our said son the dauphin, -nor the bastard d'Armagnac, as any way implicated in the treasons of -the said d'Alençon.</p> - -<p>'When the whole of the evidence had been gone through, there only -remained judgment to be given. And we make known that the court, -having fully and maturely examined the different interrogatories and -confrontations, together with his voluntary confessions, have declared, -and do declare, by these presents, the said d'Alençon guilty of high -treason, and, as<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_36" id="Page_36">[Pg 36]</a></span> such, to be deprived of the honour and dignity of the -peerage of France and all other dignities and prerogatives, and do, -besides, condemn him to death by the public executioner. The court has -also declared, and does declare, that all his effects whatever shall -be confiscated to our use, and that they shall henceforth be reputed -legally to belong to us as we may please to dispose of them.</p> - -<p>'Such was the sentence passed by the peers of France and the other -members of the court of justice held at Vendôme. We, however, reserved -to ourself the power to make whatever changes we should please; and we -now declare our will to be, that the capital part of the said sentence, -on the said John d'Alençon, be deferred until our further pleasure be -known.</p> - -<p>'With regard to the effects of the said d'Alençon, considering the -enormity of his guilt, his children ought to be deprived of them, and -reduced to a state of beggary, to serve as an example to all others. -Nevertheless, remembering the good services their ancestors have -done to the crown and kingdom of France, and in the hope that<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_37" id="Page_37">[Pg 37]</a></span> these -children will behave themselves as good and loyal subjects toward their -sovereign; and in consideration of the earnest solicitations for mercy -from our very dear and well-beloved cousin the duke of Brittany, uncle -to the said d'Alençon, we, out of our especial grace, shall moderate -these confiscations,—and declare our pleasure to be, that the moveable -effects shall remain to the wife of the said d'Alençon, and to his -children, with the exception of his artillery and military stores, -which we reserve to ourself.</p> - -<p>'In regard to his lands and lordships, we shall moderate the -confiscation as follows: We retain the town and castlewick of Domfront, -the town, castle, castlewick and viscounty, of Vernueil, on both -sides of the river Aure, with all their appurtenances, lordships and -dependances, which we from this moment unite, incorporate and adjoin, -to the patrimony and domain of our crown.</p> - -<p>'We shall likewise retain in our hands the duchy of Alençon, together -with its town, castle, lordship, rights, appurtenances, revenues, and -immoveable effects, and every<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_38" id="Page_38">[Pg 38]</a></span> claim that might have belonged to the -said Alençon as duke thereof, and all rights and duties that may have -been granted from our crown as an appanage to the said d'Alençon, -with the reserve of the country of Perche, concerning which we shall -hereafter ordain, according to our good pleasure.</p> - -<p>'We retain also the castle and castlewick of St Blansay in Touraine, -together with all the duties the said d'Alençon received for pontage in -our town of Tours, and the other rents and revenues he was accustomed -to receive from the said town, to order as we may please best. We -likewise reserve to ourself the homages appertaining to the said -d'Alençon as count du Perche, on the town of Nogent le Rotrou and its -dependances, and also on the lands and lordships of our very dear and -well-beloved cousin the countess du Maine, wife to the said d'Alençon.</p> - -<p>'In respect to the other lands and lordships that did belong to the -said d'Alençon, we will that they remain to the children of the said -d'Alençon, in manner following,—that is to say, the only son of the -said<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_39" id="Page_39">[Pg 39]</a></span> d'Alençon shall have and retain the county, lands, and lordships -of Perche, to be freely enjoyed by him and his male descendants, -lawfully begotten in marriage, but without any dignity or prerogative -of peerage. With regard to the remaining lands, lordships, and other -immoveable effects, we will that they belong to the other children, as -well males as females, of the said d'Alençon, for them to enjoy the -same under our tutelage until they become of a proper age to manage -for themselves,—and that they descend to the heirs of their bodies -in lawful marriage, according to the usages and laws of the countries -these different estates may be situated in. In testimony of which,' &c.</p> - -<p>Given at Vendôme, the 10th day of October, in the year of Grace 1458, -and of our reign the 37th.</p> - -<p>This sentence was pronounced in the absence of the said John d'Alençon, -but read to him afterwards in his prison by the first president of -the parliament de Thorette, master John Boulanger, counsellor to the -king in his court of parliament, master John Bureau, treasurer of -France, and others<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_40" id="Page_40">[Pg 40]</a></span> of the king's council, which much astonished and -overwhelmed the said John d'Alençon, and not without cause.<a name="FNanchor_7_7" id="FNanchor_7_7"></a><a href="#Footnote_7_7" class="fnanchor">[7]</a></p> - -<p>In the month of January, in this year, that most noble and potent -prince Arthur duke of Brittany departed this life, who, before and -after he had succeeded to the dukedom, had been constable of France. He -was succeeded by the lord Francis, son to madame d'Estampes, sister to -the duke<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_41" id="Page_41">[Pg 41]</a></span> of Orleans, who, in person, conducted him to take possession -of the duchy of Brittany.</p> - -<div class="footnotes"><p class="ph3">FOOTNOTES:</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_5_5" id="Footnote_5_5"></a><a href="#FNanchor_5_5"><span class="label">[5]</span></a> Mont Richart, or Mont Tricard,—six leagues from Amboise.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_6_6" id="Footnote_6_6"></a><a href="#FNanchor_6_6"><span class="label">[6]</span></a> Granville,—a sea-port in Normandy, six leagues from -Coutances.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_7_7" id="Footnote_7_7"></a><a href="#FNanchor_7_7"><span class="label">[7]</span></a> 'John duke of Alençon was condemned to death by a -celebrated sentence given by king Charles VII. sitting in a bed of -justice, at Vendôme, the 10th of October 1458, which sentence was -instantly commuted to perpetual imprisonment. The duke was confined in -the castle of Loches until Louis XI. came to the throne in 1461, who -granted him a free pardon in the month of October in the same year. -</p> -<p> -'The duke could not remain quiet, but attempted again to throw the -kingdom into confusion,—and Louis XI. had him arrested a second time, -the 22d September 1472. Another sentence was passed on him, but its -execution was again suspended,—and the duke remained a prisoner in -the Louvre, but did not die there, as is supposed. He was transferred -to the house of a burgher, as a private prisoner. He died in the year -1476.' -</p> -<p> -See more in the note from which this is copied, page 595 of the viiith -volume of the Memoires de l'Académie.</p></div></div> - - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<p class="ph2">[<span class="smcap">A.D.</span> 1459.]</p> - -<p class="ph2"><a name="CHAP_VI" id="CHAP_VI">CHAP. VI.</a></p> - -<blockquote> - -<p>THE AMBASSADORS FROM ENGLAND ARE DENIED ACCESS TO THE KING OF -FRANCE.—THE DUKE OF CLEVES ATTENDS THE MEETING OF PRINCES AT -MANTUA.—THE DAUPHINESS BROUGHT TO BED OF A SON, AT GENAPPE.—THE KING -OF SCOTLAND KILLED BY A SPLINTER FROM A BOMB.</p></blockquote> - - -<p class="drop"><span class="uppercase">This</span> year, ambassadors from England arrived in France, anxious to -obtain an alliance with the king by a marriage or truce; but the king -would neither hear nor see them. They were, therefore, forced to return -without effecting any thing; and what was more, neither lord nor lady -would accept of their palfreys, which they had brought with them in -numbers, to gain the friendship of the lords and ladies of the court.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_42" id="Page_42">[Pg 42]</a></span></p> - -<p>In the month of June, in this year, the duke of Burgundy, being very -desirous of the welfare of Christendom, sent his nephew the duke of -Cleves, as his proxy and ambassador, to Mantua, where the meeting was -to take place of the pope and the princes, and cardinals of Europe, to -consider on the means of opposing the enterprises of the grand Turk, -who was making daily conquests on the Christians, more especially in -Greece. The duke of Cleves was nobly received wherever he passed, as -well to honour the duke of Burgundy, whose proxy he was, as out of -respect to his own personal worth.</p> - -<p>About this time, the count d'Estampes, by orders from his uncle -the duke of Burgundy, made prisoner, in the town of Amiens, the -viscount d'Amiens and lord of Pecquigny, whom he carried prisoner to -Vilvorden,<a name="FNanchor_8_8" id="FNanchor_8_8"></a><a href="#Footnote_8_8" class="fnanchor">[8]</a> on account of his having conducted himself in a manner -unbecoming a person of his rank.</p> - -<p>Toward the end of July, in this year, the princess Charlotte of Savoy, -dauphiness<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_43" id="Page_43">[Pg 43]</a></span> of France, was delivered of a fair son, who was baptised -by the name of Joachim. Great rejoicings took place for this event -throughout the territories of the duke of Burgundy, wherein the dauphin -resided during the time he was in ill estimation with his father king -Charles VII. and indeed so long as the king lived, keeping his court -at the castle of Genappe in Brabant. These rejoicings were, however, -turned to grief, for the child did not long survive its birth.</p> - -<p>In the month of August, it happened that while the king of Scotland -was pointing a cannon, to try its power, it burst, and the king was -so severely wounded by a splinter that he died soon after: it was a -melancholy accident. He had married a daughter of the duke of Gueldres, -and niece to the duke of Burgundy, by whom he had several children.<a name="FNanchor_9_9" id="FNanchor_9_9"></a><a href="#Footnote_9_9" class="fnanchor">[9]</a></p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_44" id="Page_44">[Pg 44]</a></span></p> - -<p>A terrible and melancholy transaction took place this year in the town -of Arras, the capital of the country of Artois, which said transaction -was called, I know not why, Vaudoisie;<a name="FNanchor_10_10" id="FNanchor_10_10"></a><a href="#Footnote_10_10" class="fnanchor">[10]</a> but it was said, that -certain men and women transported themselves whither they pleased from -the places where<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_45" id="Page_45">[Pg 45]</a></span> they were, by virtue of a compact with the devil. -Suddenly they were carried to forests or deserts, where they found -assembled great numbers of both sexes, and with them a devil in the -form of a man, whose face they never saw. This devil read to them, or -repeated, his laws and commandments, and in what manner they were to -worship and serve him; then each person kissed his backside,—and he -gave to them, after this ceremony, some little money: he then regaled -them with great plenty of meats and wines, when the lights were -extinguished, and each male selected a female for amorous dalliance, -and suddenly they were all transported back to the places they had come -from.</p> - -<p>For such criminal and mad acts, many of the principal persons of the -town were imprisoned; and others of the lower ranks, with women and -such as were known to be of this sect, were so terribly tormented -that some confessed matters to have happened as has been related. -They likewise confessed to have seen and known many persons of rank, -prelates, nobles, and governors of districts, as having been present -at<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_46" id="Page_46">[Pg 46]</a></span> their meetings,—such, indeed, as, upon the rumour of common fame, -their judges and examiners named, and, as it were, put into their -mouths,—so that, through the pains of the torments, they accused many, -and declared that they had seen them at these meetings.</p> - -<p>Such as had been thus accused were instantly arrested, and so long and -grievously tormented that they were forced to confess just whatever -their judges pleased, when those of the lower ranks were inhumanly -burnt. Some of the richer and more powerful ransomed themselves from -this disgrace by dint of money,—while others of the higher orders were -remonstrated with and seduced by their examiners into confessions, -under a promise that, if they would confess, they should not suffer in -person or fortune. Others again suffered the severest torments with the -utmost fortitude and patience.</p> - -<p>The judges received very large sums of money from such as were enabled -to pay them: others fled the country, or completely proved their -innocence of the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_47" id="Page_47">[Pg 47]</a></span> charges made against them, and remained unmolested.</p> - -<p>It must not be concealed, that many persons of worth knew well that -these charges had been raked up, by a set of wicked persons, to -harrass and disgrace some of the principal inhabitants of Arras, whom -they hated with the bitterest rancour, and, from avarice, were eager -to possess themselves of their fortunes. They had first maliciously -arrested some persons deserving punishment for their crimes, whom -they had so severely tormented, holding out promises of pardon, that -they forced them to accuse whomsoever they were pleased to name, and -them they arrested and tormented as mentioned above. This matter was -considered, by all men of sense and virtue, as most abominable; and it -was thought that those who had thus destroyed and disgraced so many -persons of worth would put their souls in imminent danger at the last -day.</p> - - - -<div class="footnotes"><p class="ph3">FOOTNOTES:</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_8_8" id="Footnote_8_8"></a><a href="#FNanchor_8_8"><span class="label">[8]</span></a> Vilvorden,—a town in Brabant, between Brussels and -Mechlin.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_9_9" id="Footnote_9_9"></a><a href="#FNanchor_9_9"><span class="label">[9]</span></a> 'While king James was observing the effects of -his artillery, (at the siege of Roxburgh-castle) one of the -rudely-contrived cannons of that age, consisting of bars of iron, -girded with circles of metal, suddenly burst: a fragment struck his -thigh,—and the great effusion of blood produced a death almost -instantaneous. The earl of Angus, who stood next to James, was wounded. -</p> -<p> -'It is impossible to express the grief of the camp, or of the kingdom, -at the premature loss of a beloved sovereign, in the flower of his age, -aggravated by the circumstances and the strange fatality of the case. -The young regretted a youthful prince, and an ardent leader: the old -sighed at the prospect of another minority. -</p> -<p> -'Could any consolation have arisen, it must have proceeded from the -spirit of the queen, Mary of Gueldres, who, immediately upon the -tidings, arrived in the camp with the infant heir of the monarchy, and -showing him to the soldiers, while tears gushed from her eyes, she -conjured them by every domestic tie, by the memory of their sovereign, -by the fame of Scottish valour, not to depart from their design, but -to destroy this calamitous fortress. The castle was taken and levelled -with the ground.' -</p> -<p> -<i>Pinkerton's Hist. of Scotland</i>, v. ii. p. 244.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_10_10" id="Footnote_10_10"></a><a href="#FNanchor_10_10"><span class="label">[10]</span></a> Vaudoisie,—a nocturnal meeting of sorcerers.—<span class="smcap">Du -Cange.</span> Supplement. See Valdenses, in his glossary.</p></div></div> - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_48" id="Page_48">[Pg 48]</a></span></p> - - -<p class="ph2">[<span class="smcap">A.D.</span> 1460.]</p> - -<p class="ph2"><a name="CHAP_VII" id="CHAP_VII">CHAP. VII.</a></p> - -<blockquote> - -<p>SLIGHT MENTION MADE OF THE REBELLION AND DISCORD IN ENGLAND.—OTHER -INCIDENTS.</p></blockquote> - - -<p class="drop"><span class="uppercase">In</span> this year, there were great troubles, civil wars, and murders in -England. Some held for the party of king Henry, such as the duke of -Somerset and others; and some held for the party of the duke of York, -namely, the earl of Warwick, the earl of Salisbury and others. A severe -battle took place, in which numbers of each side fell; but it was -gained by the duke of York,<a name="FNanchor_11_11" id="FNanchor_11_11"></a><a href="#Footnote_11_11" class="fnanchor">[11]</a> who made a treaty with the king, in -such wise that, on the decease of the king, the duke was to succeed to -the crown, to the prejudice of the prince of Wales, son to king Henry -and the daughter of Réné king of Sicily.</p> - -<p>This treaty was so contrary to the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_49" id="Page_49">[Pg 49]</a></span> will and interests of the queen -that she raised another army, of all who were inclined to her and her -son the prince of Wales, and took the field, to offer battle to the -duke of York, who had increased his army as strongly as possible, to -defend his rights. On the first day of January, in this year, the -battle took place, which was very bloody, and hardly contested; but -this time, fortune turned against the duke, who was made prisoner, -together with his second son<a name="FNanchor_12_12" id="FNanchor_12_12"></a><a href="#Footnote_12_12" class="fnanchor">[12]</a> and the earl of Salisbury<a name="FNanchor_13_13" id="FNanchor_13_13"></a><a href="#Footnote_13_13" class="fnanchor">[13]</a>. Shortly -after, the queen had them beheaded, and their heads put on the points -of three lances: and on the head of the duke was placed, by way of -derision, a paper crown, to denote his eagerness to be king, and his -having failed in the attempt. The earl of Warwick<a name="FNanchor_14_14" id="FNanchor_14_14"></a><a href="#Footnote_14_14" class="fnanchor">[14]</a> found means to -escape after the <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_50" id="Page_50">[Pg 50]</a></span>battle, and quit the kingdom, which he did in a small -boat, with great danger, and arrived safely at his government of Calais.</p> - -<p>In this year, the rector of a village near to Soissons would have the -tithes from a farm, near to this village, belonging to some croisaders -in the holy land. The farmer refused to pay the tithe,—and the rector -instituted a suit against him and the croisaders, which he lost, and, -for this reason, conceived a great hatred against the farmer and the -farmer's wife.</p> - -<p>In this same village resided a sorceress, a woman of very bad fame, and -using the black art, who having quarrelled with the farmer's wife for -some trifle, complained to every one of the wrong that had been done -her, and even made complaint of it to the rector. He, full of hatred -against the farmer's wife, said that he wished to be revenged on her -if he knew but how; when the sorce<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_51" id="Page_51">[Pg 51]</a></span>ress instantly said, that if he -would do as she should direct, he would have ample vengeance on her. -The rector replied, that there was nothing he would not do to satisfy -his revenge. The sorceress then went and brought him an earthen pot, in -which was a large toad that she had long kept and fed, and said, 'Take, -sir, this animal, and baptize it in the same manner as if it were a -child, and christen it John; then consecrate a holy wafer and give it -him to eat, and leave the rest to me.'</p> - -<p>The accursed priest, blinded by his hatred, baptized the filthy beast -by the name of John, and gave it to devour the holy body of our Lord, -then returned it to the hag, who instantaneously cut it in pieces, and -made a drink of it, with other diabolical ingredients. She then gave -it to a young girl whom she had, bidding her carry it to the house of -the farmer at his dinner-hour,—and after holding some conversation -with the farmer, his wife and children, while they were at dinner, to -throw it under the dining-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_52" id="Page_52">[Pg 52]</a></span>table and come back to her. The girl did -as her mother had ordered, when the consequence was, that the farmer, -his wife, and one of their sons who was dining at the table, felt -themselves suddenly taken with qualms as if they had eaten something -nauseous,—and all died within three days.</p> - -<p>This coming to the knowledge of the magistrates, the sorceress, her -daughter, and the rector, were arrested; and, on the truth coming out, -the hag was publicly burnt in the town of Soissons: the girl, being -with child, was sent back to the prison, whence she escaped, but was -afterward retaken, and carried by an appeal before the parliament. The -rector was confined in the prisons of the bishop of Paris, whence he -escaped by dint of friends and money. I know not what became of the -girl.</p> - - - - - -<div class="footnotes"><p class="ph3">FOOTNOTES:</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_11_11" id="Footnote_11_11"></a><a href="#FNanchor_11_11"><span class="label">[11]</span></a> Battle of Northampton.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_12_12" id="Footnote_12_12"></a><a href="#FNanchor_12_12"><span class="label">[12]</span></a> Second son,—Edmund earl of Rutland.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_13_13" id="Footnote_13_13"></a><a href="#FNanchor_13_13"><span class="label">[13]</span></a> Battle of Wakefield. For particulars of this reign, -see the english historians, particularly Wethamstede, a contemporary -writer.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_14_14" id="Footnote_14_14"></a><a href="#FNanchor_14_14"><span class="label">[14]</span></a> The earl of Warwick—was not present at this battle, for -he and the duke of Norfolk had the charge of king Henry and of the city -of London: it was from the second battle, of St Alban's, that he fled -to Calais.</p></div></div> - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_53" id="Page_53">[Pg 53]</a></span></p> - - -<p class="ph2"><a name="CHAP_VIII" id="CHAP_VIII">CHAP. VIII.</a></p> - -<blockquote> - -<p>EDWARD EARL OF MARCHE, ELDEST SON TO THE LATE DUKE OF YORK, DEFEATS IN -BATTLE QUEEN MARGARET OF ENGLAND AND OBTAINS THE CROWN BY MEANS OF THE -LONDONERS.—THE QUEEN SEEKS AID FROM THE SCOTS.</p></blockquote> - - -<p class="drop"><span class="uppercase">On</span> Palm Sunday, the 28th of March, in this same year, Edward earl -of Marche, eldest son to the duke of York, who had so lately been -beheaded, accompanied by the earl of Warwick and other english barons, -marched in arms to London, where he was received as king, and was -offered the crown, but refused to accept of it, until, as he said, he -should drive his enemies out of the kingdom. He thence led his army to -York, where the queen, the duke of Somerset, and those of her party, -were waiting in great numbers to give him battle.</p> - -<p>When the two armies approached, an engagement was agreed on between -the parties, to take effect near to a place<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_54" id="Page_54">[Pg 54]</a></span> called Ferrybridge, eight -leagues from York<a name="FNanchor_15_15" id="FNanchor_15_15"></a><a href="#Footnote_15_15" class="fnanchor">[15]</a>; and when the day of battle arrived, the earls -of Marche and of Warwick ordered their van to advance, under the -command of earl Warwick's uncle, which was severely handled by the -Lancastrians, and put to the rout. The duke of Somerset, thinking the -battle won, allowed his troops to plunder and strip the dead. News of -this was carried instantly to the earl of Marche, whose army, though -very large and unbroken, was much alarmed at the intelligence. When the -earl saw them thus panicstruck, he had it proclaimed through the ranks, -that whoever was frightened might return home, but that all who were -willing to share his fortune should, if successful, receive a sum of -money; and that whoever fled, after having agreed to remain, the person -who put him to death should be handsomely paid for so doing.</p> - -<p>The earl of Warwick, hearing that his uncle was slain, and his men -defeated, cried out, with tears, 'I pray to God<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_55" id="Page_55">[Pg 55]</a></span> that he would receive -the souls of all who die in this battle:' then added, 'Dear Lord God, I -have none other succour but thine now in the world, who art my Creator -and Redeemer, to apply to: I beg therefore, vengeance at thy hands!' -then drawing his sword, he kissed the cross at the handle, and said to -his men, 'Whoever chooses to return home, may, for I shall live or die -this day with such as may like to remain with me.' On saying this, he -dismounted, and killed his horse with his sword.</p> - -<p>On the morrow, the main body of each army was so near that a general -battle took place, which was most bloody and severe; insomuch that -it lasted three days,—and for some time no one could tell which -side would be victorious: at length, the queen's party were defeated -and almost all killed or made prisoners. Among the principal persons -of note who fell that day were the earl of Northumberland, the lord -Clifford, the lord Muelle<a name="FNanchor_16_16" id="FNanchor_16_16"></a><a href="#Footnote_16_16" class="fnanchor">[16]</a>, brother to the earl,—the lord<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_56" id="Page_56">[Pg 56]</a></span> -Willoughby, the lord Wells, son to the duke of Buckingham, the lord -Grey, sir Andrew Trollop, a terrible man at arms, who had done -marvellous deeds of valour at this and other battles, and numbers of -other valiant gentlemen, and others, to the amount of thirty thousand. -Some that were made prisoners were afterward beheaded at York.<a name="FNanchor_17_17" id="FNanchor_17_17"></a><a href="#Footnote_17_17" class="fnanchor">[17]</a></p> - -<p>After the battle, Edward entered York, and had the heads of his father -and of his other friends taken down from the gates and most honourably -interred; and magnificent obsequies were performed<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_57" id="Page_57">[Pg 57]</a></span> for their souls -in the cathedral. He then returned to London, triumphant after his -victory, where he was joyfully received, and soon after crowned king of -England.</p> - -<p>On the other hand, the queen and the duke of Somerset had retreated -to a castle, wherein they remained until they heard that king Edward -was marching to besiege it<a name="FNanchor_18_18" id="FNanchor_18_18"></a><a href="#Footnote_18_18" class="fnanchor">[18]</a>. On this, they fled from the castle, -and sought a refuge with Mary queen of Scotland, daughter to the duke -of Gueldres. The two queens concerted a marriage between the young -prince of Wales and queen Mary's eldest daughter, to secure the aid -of the Scots against Edward; but the duke of Burgundy, uncle to Mary, -instantly dis<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_58" id="Page_58">[Pg 58]</a></span>patched to her the lord de Groothuse, to break off this -marriage, because the king of Sicily, father to queen Margaret, was no -friend to the duke,—and thus the match was interrupted<a name="FNanchor_19_19" id="FNanchor_19_19"></a><a href="#Footnote_19_19" class="fnanchor">[19]</a>.</p> - -<p>However, soon after the lord de Groothuse had left Scotland, the -Scots formed an alliance with the queen of England and her son, on -condition that the town and castle of Berwick, with its dependances, -then possessed by the Eng<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_59" id="Page_59">[Pg 59]</a></span>lish, on the borders of Scotland, should be -restored to them; and the marriage before mentioned was agreed on,—the -Scots thus adventuring their princess to regain Berwick rather than not -obtain it, as it was of very great strength,—although the prince and -princess were both too young to be then united, as neither of them were -more than seven or eight years old.</p> - -<p>During these troubles, and prior to the coronation of king Edward, he -had sent his two younger brothers into Holland that they might escape, -should he prove unsuccessful, confiding in the generous mind of the -noble duke of Burgundy. They remained in that country some time in -secret: but the duke no sooner knew who they were than he sent to seek -them, and had them brought to him at Bruges, where he showed them every -honour, and grandly entertained them. When king Edward had conquered -his enemies, he sent to request the duke to cause his brothers to be -escorted home, which the good duke very cheerfully<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_60" id="Page_60">[Pg 60]</a></span> complied with, and -had them honourably accompanied as far as Calais, toward the end of -April, in the year 1461.</p> - -<div class="footnotes"><p class="ph3">FOOTNOTES:</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_15_15" id="Footnote_15_15"></a><a href="#FNanchor_15_15"><span class="label">[15]</span></a> The battle of Towton. Ferrybridge is 20 miles only from -York.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_16_16" id="Footnote_16_16"></a><a href="#FNanchor_16_16"><span class="label">[16]</span></a> Muelle. Q. Nevill?</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_17_17" id="Footnote_17_17"></a><a href="#FNanchor_17_17"><span class="label">[17]</span></a> Those who were employed to number and bury the dead, -(as we are told by a contemporary writer, who lived near the scene of -action, Continuat. Hist. Croyland, p. 533.) declared that their number -amounted to thirty-eight thousand. Amongst these were many persons of -rank and fortune; as the earls of Northumberland, Westmoreland, and -Shrewsbury,—the lords Clifford, Beaumont, Nevil, Willoughby, Wells, -Roos, Scales, Grey, Dacres and Molineux,—besides a prodigious number -of knights and gentlemen! -</p> -<p> -<i>Henry's Hist. of England</i>, vol. v. pp. 137, 138, 4th ed.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_18_18" id="Footnote_18_18"></a><a href="#FNanchor_18_18"><span class="label">[18]</span></a> Edward did not leave York until after Easter, and was -crowned the 29th of June at Westminster. The dukes of Somerset and -Exeter, seeing the battle lost, fled with the king, queen, and prince -of Wales, and never thought themselves safe until they arrived at -Edinburgh. Henry, on coming to Edinburgh, was only attended by four men -and a boy. -</p> -<p> -<i>Note to Pinkerton's Hist. of Scotland</i>, vol. ii. p. 248.—From the -Paston Letters.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_19_19" id="Footnote_19_19"></a><a href="#FNanchor_19_19"><span class="label">[19]</span></a> 'A marriage between Edward prince of Wales and Mary, -the daughter of Scotland, was proposed and resolved, but delayed by -the youth of the parties, and finally prevented by the misfortunes -and death of the prince. To conciliate the expected aid, Berwick was -surrendered to the Scots: an object, often wished and attempted since -the disgraceful invasion of Edward Baliol. In return, a Scottish army -entered England and laid siege to Carlisle, which held for Edward IV. -but the English, led by lord Montague, raised the siege, and defeated -the Scots with great slaughter.' -</p> -<p> -<i>Pinkerton</i>, p. 248. -</p> -<p> -The Paston Letters say, that six thousand Scots were slain at Carlisle. -</p> -<p> -The lord Montague, I imagine, should be sir John Nevel, brother to the -earl of Warwick, created lord Montacute after the battle of Towton.</p></div></div> - -<hr class="chap" /> - - -<p class="ph2">[<span class="smcap">A.D.</span> 1441.]</p> - -<p class="ph2"><a name="CHAP_IX" id="CHAP_IX">CHAP. IX.</a></p> - -<blockquote> - -<p>KING CHARLES OF FRANCE, HAVING BEEN TOLD THAT IT WAS INTENDED TO -POISON HIM FELL SICK AT HEART AND DIED.</p></blockquote> - - -<p class="drop"><span class="uppercase">About</span> the beginning of July, in this year certain rumours having been -spread abroad by evil-minded persons, that it was intended to poison -the king while he resided at Mehun sur Yevre<a name="FNanchor_20_20" id="FNanchor_20_20"></a><a href="#Footnote_20_20" class="fnanchor">[20]</a>, and these reports -coming to his ears, he never afterward tasted joy. It was told him by -one of his captains, whose attachment he knew,—and therefore he put -such confidence in the tale that he refused to<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_61" id="Page_61">[Pg 61]</a></span> take any kind of food, -because he had not any faith in those about his person; nor could he -be prevailed on to take any nourishment for eight days, until his -physicians told him, that if he pursued this plan, he would die. He -then attempted to eat,—but he had left off so long that his stomach -refused its functions. On this, he confessed himself, and made his -preparations like a good Catholic; and finding himself grow daily -weaker, he devoutly received all the sacraments of the church, and made -his last arrangements and will according to his pleasure. He ordered -his executors to bury him in the same chapel where his father and -grandfather had been interred, in the church of St Denis, and ended his -days on Magdalen-day in the month and year above mentioned, in the town -of Mehun sur Yevre.</p> - - - - - -<div class="footnotes"><p class="ph3">FOOTNOTES:</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_20_20" id="Footnote_20_20"></a><a href="#FNanchor_20_20"><span class="label">[20]</span></a> Mehun sur Yevre,—a town in Berry, four leagues from -Bourges.</p></div></div> - - - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_62" id="Page_62">[Pg 62]</a></span></p> -<p class="ph2"><a name="CHAP_X" id="CHAP_X">CHAP. X.</a></p> - -<blockquote> - -<p>TWELVE HOUSES ARE BURNT IN THE VILLAGE OF JUCHY, NEAR CAMBRAY.—THE -DUKE OF BURGUNDY HOLDS THE FEAST OF THE GOLDEN FLEECE, AT ST OMER. THE -DAUPHINESS BROUGHT TO BED OF A PRINCESS, AT GENAPPE.—AMBASSADORS FROM -THE HOLY LAND COME TO THE COURT OF FRANCE,—AND THENCE TO THE COURT OF -BURGUNDY.</p></blockquote> - - -<p class="drop"><span class="uppercase">About</span> this period, twelve houses were burnt in the village of Juchy, -near Cambray. The fire began in the house of a man who had thrice, that -same day, thrust his own mother of it, saying the third time, with -great malice, that he would see his house on fire rather than that she -should remain another day in it. Shortly after, his house took fire, no -body knew how, and was burnt down, with twelve of the adjoining houses, -which seemed to prove the Divine vengeance against this wicked man.</p> - -<p>The good duke of Burgundy held<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_63" id="Page_63">[Pg 63]</a></span> his feast of the order of the Golden -Fleece on the first of May, in this year, at St Omer, right nobly. Most -of the knights of the order were present,—among whom were Charles -count de Charolois his son, the duke of Cleves, his brother Adolphus -nephew of the duke of Burgundy, the count d'Estampes, the marshal of -Burgundy, the lord de Croy, his brother, and the lord de Launoy their -nephew the lord de Hautbourdin, the bastard de St Pol, the lord de -Bievres bastard of Burgundy, and many more. The dukes of Orleans and of -Alençon were not present,—but they sent their proxies. Several great -lords from Germany, France, Scotland, and other countries, came to this -feast, which lasted for three days in the usual manner.</p> - -<p>Notwithstanding the regulations of this order, that every knight of it -must be without reproach, a knight assisted at the feast as proxy for -the duke of Alençon, whom the king of France had declared guilty of -high treason against him, and for this had sentenced him to perpetual -imprisonment. But the duke<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_64" id="Page_64">[Pg 64]</a></span> of Burgundy held him for a nobleman of -honour, and without reproach,—and said that the king of France had -thus condemned him through the envy and wicked insinuations of others, -and had wrongfully dishonoured him! This language he publicly held -during the three days of the feast!!</p> - -<p>As it was the custom, after this feast, to hold a chapter of the order -and to elect new companions in the room of such as had deceased, they -now elected sir Phillip Pot lord de la Roche-Bourguignon, the lord de -Groothuse a Fleming, the lord de Roye a Picard, and also the king of -Arragon, to whom the duke sent the collar of the order, by the lord de -Crequy, notably accompanied.</p> - -<p>At the conclusion of the feast, and when all business was done, -the count de Charolois, Adolphus of Cleves, and Anthony bastard of -Burgundy, held a just against all comers, which was followed by another -noble feast.</p> - -<p>At this time the dauphiness, consort to the lord Louis, eldest son to -the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_65" id="Page_65">[Pg 65]</a></span> king of France, was brought to bed of a daughter at Genappe in -Brabant, where he resided for fear of his father, in whose ill graces -he was, as mentioned before.</p> - -<p>In this same month of May, there arrived at the court of France -ambassadors from the holy land and other eastern countries. In the -number was a prelate dressed like a cordelier friar, who called himself -patriarch of Antioch,—a knight from the king of Trebisonde,—another -knight from the king of Persia,—one from the king of Georgia and -Mesopotamia, who was more strangely dressed than the rest. He was a -stout, robust man, having two tonsures on his head like to the one our -priests have in France,—and to each ear hung a ring. There was also an -ambassador from the little Turk<a name="FNanchor_21_21" id="FNanchor_21_21"></a><a href="#Footnote_21_21" class="fnanchor">[21]</a>, who said, that if the Christians -would make war on the grand Turk, his lord would join them with fifty -thousand combatants. There was another ambassador from the king of -Armenia,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_66" id="Page_66">[Pg 66]</a></span> a handsome and genteel knight; and, to conclude, there was -another from Prester-John, who, the others said, was a most learned -man. It was reported, that they had been more than seventeen months -journeying from their own countries before they came to France.</p> - -<p>On their presentation to the king of France, they styled him the most -Christian king,—and requested that he would send an army under his -banner against the grand Turk, and assured him that he would have -the assistance of all the kings and princes whose ambassadors were -now before him. They declared, that they wanted not his money, for -of that their lords had enough; but that if the king would send his -banner, under the command of one of his experienced captains, the grand -Turk, and his whole army, would be more alarmed than by one hundred -thousand other persons. I know what answer the king made them, but -he caused them to be grandly feasted and entertained. Shortly after, -they departed from France, for the court of the duke of Burgundy, who -received them most honourably, entertained<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_67" id="Page_67">[Pg 67]</a></span> them well, and made them -many rich presents. It is to be supposed that they made to the duke -a request similar to that which they had made to the king of France; -for the duke replied, that if they could prevail on the king of France -to guarantee his possessions during his absence, he would assist them -personally, and to the utmost of his power.</p> - -<div class="footnotes"><p class="ph3">FOOTNOTES:</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_21_21" id="Footnote_21_21"></a><a href="#FNanchor_21_21"><span class="label">[21]</span></a> Little Turk. Q. The cham of the Tartars?</p></div></div> - -<hr class="chap" /> - - -<p class="ph2"><a name="CHAP_XI" id="CHAP_XI">CHAP. XI.</a></p> - -<blockquote> - -<p>OF THE DEATH OF CHARLES VII. KING OF FRANCE.—OF THE TROUBLES -AND DIFFICULTIES HE HAD TO ENCOUNTER AT THE COMMENCEMENT OF HIS -REIGN,—AND OF HIS GLORIOUS AND GREAT FEATS OF ARMS.</p></blockquote> - - -<p class="drop"><span class="uppercase">On</span> the 22d day of July, in the year 1461, departed this life, at -Mehun sur Yevre, king Charles VII. of France, in the 58th year of his -age, and the 39th of his reign. Fortune was so adverse to him at the -beginning of his career that he lost the whole of that part of his -kingdom which extended from the seas of Flanders and England<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_68" id="Page_68">[Pg 68]</a></span> to the -river Loire, by the efforts and courage of Henry king of England, who -had married his sister, and contended to be king of France through the -aid of the duke of Burgundy, because king Charles had been consenting -to the murder of his father duke John of Burgundy, at the town of -Montereau sur Yonne, notwithstanding they had sworn to keep peace -and friendship between them on the holy sacrament, and had divided -the wafer between them as a pledge of their amity,—which was a most -disgraceful act, and never can be enough condemned.</p> - -<p>However, duke Philip of Burgundy, from loyalty to the crown of France, -and a dislike to see the English in possession of that country, which -they were destroying, at the earnest request and solicitations of king -Charles, agreed to a peace, which was signed at Arras in the 35th year -of the king's reign.</p> - -<p>The English from that moment lost ground in France; and king Charles -prospered so much that he reconquered from them the whole of his -kingdom, with the exception of Calais, Guines and Hammes,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_69" id="Page_69">[Pg 69]</a></span> which are -situated on the confines of the Boulonois. After these conquests, -he always kept on foot fifteen hundred lances, and from five to six -thousand archers, on regular pay,—namely, for each man at arms and -three horses, fifteen florins, royal money, and for each archer seven -florins, per month. These sums were raised by taxes on the inhabitants -of the good towns and villages, and, in common, so punctually collected -that there was scarcely any delay in the payments.</p> - -<p>The men at arms and archers were under such good discipline that no -pillager or robber dared to infest the highways for fear of them, as -they were continually on the look-out and in pursuit of such with the -officers of justice. These men at arms escorted the merchants who -travelled with their merchandise from place to place, so that every -one was pleased with them; for before their appointment, those called -Skinners, from their robbing all who fell in their way, were the sole -guides of merchants, whom they plundered.</p> - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_70" id="Page_70">[Pg 70]</a></span></p> - - - - -<p class="ph2"><a name="CHAP_XII" id="CHAP_XII">CHAP. XII.</a></p> - -<blockquote> - -<p>THE DAUPHIN AND THE DUKE OF BURGUNDY MAKE PREPARATIONS TO GO TO -RHEIMS, FOR THE CORONATION OF THE DAUPHIN.—OF THE INTERMENT OF THE -LATE KING CHARLES.—THE CORONATION OF KING LOUIS XI. AT RHEIMS.—OTHER -MATTERS.</p></blockquote> - - -<p class="drop"><span class="uppercase">As</span> soon as the dauphin heard of the death of his father, he sent off, -in haste, a messenger to Hêdin, to inform the duke of Burgundy of this -event; but he was already acquainted with it. These two princes now -appointed a day for meeting at Avênes in Hainault, thence to proceed -to the city of Rheims, for the coronation of the dauphin as king of -France. For greater security, the duke ordered all his nobles to be -under arms, in and about St Quentin in the Vermandois, on the 8th of -the ensuing month of August; and there was not a lord or baron who did -not equip himself in the handsomest array, and come attended with, the -greatest possible number of archers,—so that, when all assembled, it -was a fine sight to be viewed.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_71" id="Page_71">[Pg 71]</a></span></p> - -<p>But when the dauphin learnt that the duke of Burgundy had collected so -numerous an army, he was fearful that all the country it should march -through would be ruined and wasted: he therefore requested the duke to -disband it, and bring with him only the greater barons of his country -in their usual state, armed or disarmed. The duke willingly complied -with this request, and dismissed to their homes the greater part of his -army, retaining, to attend him, only about four thousand combatants, -the best appointed that ever nobles were; but it was said, that if he -had not disbanded the army, he would have been escorted by more than -one hundred thousand fighting men.</p> - -<p>The great lords of France came daily to pay their obedience to the -dauphin, and to acknowledge him for their king, as did deputations from -the principal towns.</p> - -<p>Soon after the news of the late king's death was known to the duke of -Burgundy, he set out for Avênes in Hainault, where the dauphin waited -for him; and on his arrival, a grand funeral service was performed -for king Charles during the second<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_72" id="Page_72">[Pg 72]</a></span> and third days of August. At this -service, the dauphin was the chief mourner, dressed in black, supported -by the duke of Burgundy and the count of Charolois, and followed by -the count d'Estampes, James de Bourbon, Adolphus of Cleves, and many -other great lords. When the service was over, the dauphin, whom I shall -henceforth call king, immediately dressed himself in purple, which is -the custom in France; for as soon as a king there dies, his eldest son, -or next heir, clothes himself in purple, and is called king,—for that -realm is supposed never to be without a king.</p> - -<p>King Louis departed from Avênes, on the 4th day of August, for Laon; -and on the next day the duke of Burgundy set out for St Quentin, to -meet the nobles of his country, whom he had ordered to assemble there -and to accompany him to the coronation of the king.</p> - -<p>While these things were going on, the body of the late king was -embalmed, placed on a car covered with cloth of gold, and carried to -the church of Nôtre Dame in Paris, where a solemn funeral service was -performed, and thence carried to St<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_73" id="Page_73">[Pg 73]</a></span> Denis, where another service -was performed,—and the body was then interred with the kings his -ancestors, who were all buried in the church of this abbey.</p> - -<p>On the 14th of August, king Louis made his entry into the city of -Rheims, attended by the noble duke Philip of Burgundy, the count de -Charolois his son, the duke of Bourbon, the duke of Cleves, his brother -the lord of Ravenstein—all three nephews to duke Philip,—the count of -St Pol, and such numbers of barons, knights and gentlemen, all richly -dressed, that it was a handsome spectacle. There were also present the -counts of Angoulême, of Eu, of Vendôme, of Grand-pré, sir Philip de -Savoye, the count de Nassau, and numbers of other lords.</p> - -<p>The morrow, being the feast of the Assumption of our Lady, king Louis -was crowned king of France, by the hands of the archbishop of Rheims, -in the presence of all the peers of France, or their proxies. When -the king was dressed, and on the point of being mounted, he drew his -sword, and, presenting it to the duke of Burgundy, desired that he -would make him a<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_74" id="Page_74">[Pg 74]</a></span> knight by his hand,—which was a novelty, for it has -been commonly said that all the sons of the kings of France are made -knights at the font when baptised. Nevertheless, the duke, in obedience -to his command, gave him the accolade, and with his hand dubbed him -knight, with five or six other lords, then present,—namely, the lord -de Beaujeu, his brother James, both brothers to the duke of Bourbon, -the two sons of the lord de Croy, and master John Bureau, treasurer of -France.</p> - -<p>The duke was then entreated to make all knights who wished to be so, -which he did until he was weary, and then gave up the office to other -lords, who made so many that it would be impossible to name them all: -let it suffice, that it was said that upwards of two hundred new -knights were created on that day.</p> - -<p>Many fine mysteries were performed at this coronation,—at which were -present, besides the twelve peers and great officers of state, the -cardinal of Constance, the patriarch of Antioch, a legate from the -pope, four archbishops, seventeen bishops, and six abbots.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_75" id="Page_75">[Pg 75]</a></span></p> - -<p>After the ceremonies in the church, the twelve peers of France dined, -as usual, with the king. When the tables were removed, the duke of -Burgundy, with his accustomed benevolence and frankness, cast himself -on his knees before the king, and begged of him, for the passion and -death of our Saviour, that he would forgive all whom he suspected of -having been the cause of the quarrel between him and his late father; -and that he would maintain all the late king's officers in their -places, unless, after due examination, any should be found to have -acted improperly in their situations. The king granted this request, -with the reserve of seven persons,—but I know not who they were.</p> - -<p>After this, the duke said,—'My most redoubted lord, I at this moment -do you homage for the duchy of Burgundy, the counties of Flanders -and of Artois, and for all the countries I hold of the noble crown -of France. I acknowledge you as my sovereign lord, and promise you -obedience and service, not only for the lands I hold of you, but for -all others which I do not hold of you; and I promise to<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_76" id="Page_76">[Pg 76]</a></span> serve you -personally, so long as I shall live, with as many nobles and warriors -as I shall be able to assemble, and with as much money in gold and -silver as I can raise.'</p> - -<p>Then all the other princes, dukes, and counts and lords did homage to -the king. From Rheims, the king departed, after the coronation, to -Meaux in Brie, and thence to St Denis, to pay his devotions at the -sepulchre of his father. In the mean time, the duke of Burgundy went, -with a small attendance, from Meaux to Paris, where he arrived on -Sunday, the last day but one of August, and found there his son, and -the greater part of his attendants, who had arrived eight days before -him.</p> - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_77" id="Page_77">[Pg 77]</a></span></p> - - - - -<p class="ph2"><a name="CHAP_XIII" id="CHAP_XIII">CHAP. XIII.</a></p> - -<blockquote> - -<p>KING LOUIS XI. MAKES HIS PUBLIC ENTRY INTO PARIS.—THE HANDSOME -RECEPTION HE MEETS WITH.—THE GREAT MAGNIFICENCE OF THE DUKE OF -BURGUNDY AND HIS ATTENDANTS.</p></blockquote> - - -<p class="drop"><span class="uppercase">On</span> Monday, the last day of August, the noble duke of Burgundy issued -out of Paris, after dinner, grandly accompanied, to meet the king of -France, who was waiting for him in the plain of St Denis, to attend -him on his entrance into the city of Paris, which was to take place -on that day, for the first time since his coronation. After the first -compliments on their meeting, they arranged their men, for their -entrance, in order following: First rode before all the rest, the lord -de Ravenstein, the lord de Baussegines, and the lord de la Roche, -abreast, each having six pages behind him so nobly mounted and richly -dressed that it was a pleasure to see them. Next came the archers of -the count d'Estampes, two and two, in number twenty-four, and well<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_78" id="Page_78">[Pg 78]</a></span> -appointed, with two knights as their leaders, followed by the two -brothers, the counts de Nevers and d'Estampes, the count d'Estampes -having behind him thirteen pages magnificently dressed,—then upwards -of thirty of the lords and gentlemen of the household of the count, -superbly equipped.</p> - -<p>Next came the archers of the duke of Bourbon, amounting to more than -twenty-four; then thirty archers of the count de Charolois, very well -appointed, having two knights for their captains; then two other -knights, leaders of the duke of Burgundy's archers, to the number of -one hundred, handsomely dressed; then the lords and gentlemen of his -household, with the other great barons who had accompanied him, most -magnificently dressed, themselves and their horses, to the amount of -upwards of two hundred and forty, with housings trailing on the ground, -which was a noble sight.</p> - -<p>After them came the admiral and marshal of France, with many great -lords and gentlemen of the king's household, with forty very splendid -housings; then came the counts d'Eu, de la Marche, and de Perdriac -abreast, and without housings,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_79" id="Page_79">[Pg 79]</a></span> who were followed by the heralds of -the king and princes, to the number of seventy-four; then the king's -archers, amounting to six score, well equipped, each having a valet -on foot beside him; then fifty-and-four trumpeters,—but none sounded -excepting those of the king. After the trumpets came the marshal of -Burgundy and the lord de Croy, very richly dressed; then Joachim -Rohault, master of the horse to the king, bearing the royal sword in -a scarf, followed by the son of Flocquet, bearing the king's helmet, -having thereon a very rich crown of gold. Between these last and the -king was a led horse covered with trappings of blue velvet, besprinkled -with flowers de luce of gold; then came the king, mounted on a white -steed, dressed in a white silk robe without sleeves, his head covered -with a hood hanging down. He was surrounded by four of the burghers of -Paris, who bore on lances a canopy over his head of cloth of gold, in -the same manner as the holy sacrament is carried from the altar. Behind -the king were two men at arms on foot, having battle-axes in their -hands. The king was followed by the duke<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_80" id="Page_80">[Pg 80]</a></span> of Burgundy so splendidly -dressed, himself and his horse, that the whole of his equipment was -valued at ten hundred thousand crowns. Nine pages attended him, -magnificently appointed, each having a light but superb helmet, one -of which was said to be worth a hundred thousand crowns,—and the -frontlet of the duke's horse was covered with the richest jewels. On -his left hand was his nephew, the duke of Bourbon, handsomely dressed -and mounted, and on his right his son, the count de Charolois, most -superbly dressed.</p> - -<p>About a stone's cast in their rear came the duke of Cleves, himself and -his horse highly adorned with precious stones; then all the other lords -of France in such numbers that there were upwards of twelve thousand -horse, so finely equipped that it was a pleasure to see them, although -not with such splendid trappings as the Burgundians,—for many among -them knew not whether they were well or ill in the opinion of the king.</p> - -<p>Before this grand entry commenced, a cardinal and the principal -burghers of Paris came out of the town to pay their<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_81" id="Page_81">[Pg 81]</a></span> obedience to the -king while in the plain. The duke of Orleans did not come out of Paris, -as well on account of his age as because he mourned for the death of -king Charles, but placed himself at an apartment which looked towards -the street, from the windows of which he saw the procession pass, as -did the duchess of Alençon with her son the count du Perche, then about -fifteen years old, of a noble figure, and in high spirits,—for his -father was released from prison immediately on king Charles's death.</p> - -<p>At the entrance of the gate of Paris was the representation of a ship -elegantly made, from which two small angels descended, by machinery, -right over the king as he passed, and placed a crown on his head; which -done, they re-ascended into the ship. In the street of St Denis was a -fountain that ran wine and hippocras for all who chose to drink. At -the corner of a street leading to the market was a butcher of Paris, -who, on seeing the duke of Burgundy, cried with a loud voice, 'Frank -and noble duke of Burgundy, you are welcome to Paris: it is a long time -since you have<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_82" id="Page_82">[Pg 82]</a></span> been here, although you have been much wished for.'</p> - -<p>At the entrance of the Châtelet was a representation of the capture of -the castle of Dieppe from the English, which had been taken by king -Louis while dauphin. In other parts were pageants of the crucifixion -of our Lord, and of divers subjects from history. The streets were -so crowded with people that with difficulty the procession went -forward, although it had been proclaimed by sound of trumpet that no -one should be in those streets through which the king was to pass; -but the anxious desire thus to see all the nobility of France caused -the proclamation to be little regarded,—for the whole of the nobles -were there excepting king Réné of Sicily and his brother the count -du Maine, who were with the widowed queen their sister.—Neither the -duke of Brittany, the duke of Alençon, nor the count d'Armagnac were -present, for the late king had banished the two last his kingdom, and -confiscated their fortunes. However, soon after, namely, on the 18th -day of Sep<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_83" id="Page_83">[Pg 83]</a></span>tember, the duke d'Alençon came to the new king at Paris, -who received him most kindly, and granted him a free pardon: he then -waited on the duke of Burgundy, who gave him a very kind reception.</p> - -<p>On the king's arrival at Paris, he went straight to the church of Nôtre -Dame, where he paid his devotions, and then took the usual oath which -the kings of France take on their first entrance into Paris,—and while -in the church, he created four new knights. He then remounted his -horse, and went to the palace, which had been highly ornamented for his -reception, where he held open court and supped: the peers of France, -and those of his blood, sat at the royal table. On the morrow, he fixed -his residence at the Tournelles.</p> - -<p>The duke of Burgundy was lodged at his hôtel of Artois, which was hung -with the richest tapestries the Parisians had seen: and his table -was the most splendid any prince ever kept, so that all the world -went to see it, and marvelled at its magnificence. Even when he rode<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_84" id="Page_84">[Pg 84]</a></span> -through the streets or went to pay his devotions at church, crowds -followed to see him, because every day he wore some new dress or jewel -of price,—and he was always accompanied by seven or eight dukes or -counts, and twenty or thirty of his archers on foot, having in their -hands hunting spears or battle-axes.</p> - -<p>In the dining hall of his hôtel was placed a square sideboard, with -four steps to each side, which, at dinner-time, was covered with -the richest gold and silver plate: at the corners were unicorns, so -handsome and finely done that they were surprising to behold. In this -garden was pitched a superb tent, covered on the outside with fine -velvet, embroidered with fusils in gold, and powdered over with gold -sparkles. The fusils were the arms of all his countries and lordships, -and were very richly worked. In short, whether the duke remained in his -hôtel or came abroad, every one pressed to see him, on account of his -noble appearance and great riches.</p> - - - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_85" id="Page_85">[Pg 85]</a></span></p> - - - - -<p class="ph2"><a name="CHAP_XIV" id="CHAP_XIV">CHAP. XIV.</a></p> - -<blockquote> - -<p>THE KING AND THE DUKE OF BURGUNDY TAKE LEAVE OF EACH OTHER, AND DEPART -FROM PARIS.—EVENTS THAT HAPPENED IN DIVERS PARTS.</p></blockquote> - - -<p class="drop"><span class="uppercase">The</span> king, during his stay at Paris, dismissed some of his officers -from their places, and nominated others to fill them. He then made -preparations to leave Paris, for Amboise, to visit the queen his -mother, who there resided. The day before his departure, he went to -the hôtel of Artois, to take leave of his uncle of Burgundy, who was -then sitting at dinner; but he rose from table the moment he heard -the king was coming, and went out far in the street, and, on meeting -him, knelt down to salute him. The king instantly dismounted, and they -walked together in the hôtel; and then, in the hearing of the whole -company, the king thanked the duke for all the honours and services -he had done him, acknowledging that he was indebted to him for<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_86" id="Page_86">[Pg 86]</a></span> every -thing he possessed,—for had it not been for his friendship, he would -not, perhaps, have been now alive. He then took leave of the duke, -and returned to the palace of the Tournelles,—and on the morrow, -the 24th of September, set out from Paris, escorted by the duke and -all the lords of his company, very far on the road, notwithstanding -they had taken leave of each other the preceding day. The king then -again thanked him for his friendship and services,—and the duke most -honourably offered him his life and fortune whenever called upon.</p> - -<p>The king continued his road toward Amboise; and the duke returned to -Paris with his noble company, where he remained until the last day of -September, and then went to St Denis, staying there two days with his -niece the duchess of Orleans. He had a magnificent funeral service -performed in the church of St Denis, as well for the soul of the late -king Charles as for the souls of all the kings who had been there -interred, and from whom he was descended. He gave<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_87" id="Page_87">[Pg 87]</a></span> dinners and banquets -to the lords and ladies who had accompanied him thither from Paris.</p> - -<p>From St Denis the duke returned by Compiègne, and the places of the -count de St Pol, who grandly feasted him, to the town of Cambray; for -the king of France, while at Paris, had made up the quarrel between -the count and the duke of Burgundy. Peace was also made between the -count de St Pol and the lord de Croy, who before hated each other -most mortally. At length, the duke arrived at his city of Brussels in -Brabant.</p> - -<p>His son the count de Charolois took his leave at St Denis, and, with -the duke's approbation, went into Burgundy, where he was grandly -feasted, for he had never before been in that country, having been -brought up in the town of Ghent. Before he left Burgundy, he went to -visit the shrine of St Claude<a name="FNanchor_22_22" id="FNanchor_22_22"></a><a href="#Footnote_22_22" class="fnanchor">[22]</a>, on the con<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_88" id="Page_88">[Pg 88]</a></span>fines of that country, -and thence took the road to wait on the king at Tours.</p> - -<p>In this year, the summer was very fine and dry: the wines and corn were -good, and the last very cheap. However after August, there were many -fevers and other disorders, which, although not mortal, lasted a long -time.</p> - -<p>About the feast of St Remy, all the gabelles and taxes throughout the -realm were proclaimed to be let to the highest bidder. It happened -that the populace in Rheims rose against those who had taken them, and -killed several; they then seized their books and papers, wherein their -engagements were written, and burnt them in the open streets. The king -on hearing this, ordered thither a large body of troops, who, dressing -themselves as labourers, entered the gates by two and three at a time, -so that, soon being assembled in sufficient force, they threw open the -gates for the remainder of the army, under the command of the lord de -Moy, who instantly arrested from four score to a hundred of those who<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_89" id="Page_89">[Pg 89]</a></span> -were the most guilty of this outrage, and had them beheaded,—which so -intimidated the rest that they dared not longer oppose the will of the -king.</p> - -<p>In this year died at Bordeaux, Poton de Saintrailles, seneschal of -the Bordelois, who had been in his time wise, prudent, and valiant in -arms, and together with another great captain, called La Hire, who died -before him, had aided the late king Charles so ably and gallantly, to -reconquer his kingdom from the English, that it was said his success -was more owing to them than to any others in his realm.</p> - -<p>On the 11th of October, in this year the church and town of Encre<a name="FNanchor_23_23" id="FNanchor_23_23"></a><a href="#Footnote_23_23" class="fnanchor">[23]</a> -were almost entirely destroyed by fire in less than half an hour, which -was a sad misfortune to the poor inhabitants.</p> - -<p>Between September and the 1st of November, marvellous signs were seen -in the air like to lighted torches, four<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_90" id="Page_90">[Pg 90]</a></span> fathoms long and a foot -thick, where they remained fixed for half a quarter of an hour,—and -they were thus seen at two different times. Some said they had observed -in the night the appearance of battles in the air, and had heard great -noises and reports.</p> - -<div class="footnotes"><p class="ph3">FOOTNOTES:</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_22_22" id="Footnote_22_22"></a><a href="#FNanchor_22_22"><span class="label">[22]</span></a> St Claude, or St Oyen,—a city in Franche-comté: it owes -its origin to a celebrated abbey, founded in the fifth century, so -called after St Claude archbishop of Besançon.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_23_23" id="Footnote_23_23"></a><a href="#FNanchor_23_23"><span class="label">[23]</span></a> Encre. Q. Ancre or Abbert? a town in Picardy, seven -leagues from Peronne.</p></div></div> - - - - -<p class="ph2"><a name="CHAP_XV" id="CHAP_XV">CHAP. XV.</a></p> - -<blockquote> - -<p>THE COUNT DE CHAROLOIS WAITS ON THE KING OF FRANCE AT TOURS, WHERE -HE IS MAGNIFICENTLY ENTERTAINED.—HE LOSES HIMSELF WHILE AT THE -CHASE.—HE RETURNS TO ARTOIS THROUGH NORMANDY, OF WHICH THE KING HAD -MADE HIM HIS LIEUTENANT.</p></blockquote> - - -<p class="drop"><span class="uppercase">After</span> the count de Charolois had performed his pilgrimage to Saint -Claude, he took the road to Tours, where king Louis resided at that -time. The count was accompanied by a number of great lords and nobles, -and about three hundred and fifty horsemen.</p> - -<p>When the king knew that he was<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_91" id="Page_91">[Pg 91]</a></span> near to Tours, he sent out to meet him -the greatest lords of his household, who gave him a joyful reception, -and, by the king's commands, led him to dismount at the palace, where -he was met by the king and received most honourably by him and his -whole court. The king took him for his amusement to all the handsome -places around,—and he was grandly feasted at each of them. The king -one day took him to hunt a red deer, which showed much sport, but ran -so long, the count pursuing him, that when night came, he knew not -where he was, and had but four other persons with him. They, however, -proceeded, although it was dark night, until they stumbled on a good -inn, wherein they were lodged.</p> - -<p>The king, on his return from the chase, not hearing any thing of the -count, no one being able to give him the least intelligence what -was become of him, was exceedingly vexed and alarmed, and instantly -dispatched people to all the adjacent villages, and had lighted torches -fixed to the church steeples, that, should the count see them, he -might find his<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_92" id="Page_92">[Pg 92]</a></span> road back again to Tours: those who were sent into the -forests carried lighted brands or torches.</p> - -<p>The king was so troubled, for fear of some accident happening to the -count, that he swore he would not drink until he should hear something -of him. In the mean time, the count, doubting that the king would be -uneasy at his absence, and learning from his host that he was but -two leagues from Tours, wrote him an account where he was by one his -servants, whom he sent under the guidance of a peasant, and desired him -not to be uneasy at his absence, for that he had only lost his way. The -king, on the receipt of this letter, was much rejoiced and sent for him -very early the next morning.</p> - -<p>The duke of Somerset was at this time with the king of France, having -been banished England by king Edward, whose enemy he was, and against -whom he had made war, in support of queen Margaret's quarrel. He had -fled to France to take refuge under king Charles, but, on his arrival, -had found him dead. He<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_93" id="Page_93">[Pg 93]</a></span> had been arrested by the officers of the new -king, and carried to his hôtel; but at the request of the count de -Charolois, the king gave him not only his liberty but handsome presents -of gold and silver, for he was a great favourite with the count, -because he was his relative, and also because he preferred the party -of king Henry to that of king Edward, although he knew well that his -father the duke of Burgundy, was of a contrary way of thinking. The -duke of Somerset was desirous of retiring into Scotland; but as he -was informed that king Edward had put spies to watch his conduct, he -withdrew to Bruges, where he remained in private a considerable time.</p> - -<p>The count de Charolois, having staid nearly a month with the king, was -desirous to take his leave, which the king granted, together with an -annual pension of thirty-six thousand francs, and appointed him his -lieutenant general of Normandy. The count returned by Blois, where he -was handsomely entertained by the duke of Orleans, and thence proceeded -through Normandy. He was met by<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_94" id="Page_94">[Pg 94]</a></span> processions from all the principal -towns through which he passed, and received as many honours as if he -had been the king himself,—for the king had so ordered, by commands -which he had sent to the different towns. At Rouen, in particular, -he was magnificently received. He passed through Abbeville and Hêdin -without stopping any where, until he came to Aire, where his countess -was: from Aire he soon after departed, to wait on his father the duke -of Burgundy then at Brussels.</p> - -<p>About this time, John bishop of Arras, through the instigation of -the pope, prevailed on the king of France to abolish the pragmatic -sanction<a name="FNanchor_24_24" id="FNanchor_24_24"></a><a href="#Footnote_24_24" class="fnanchor">[24]</a>, which<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_95" id="Page_95">[Pg 95]</a></span> had been established in France for upward of -thirty years. In return for having done this, the pope sent him the red -hat, and made him a cardinal, under title of Cardinal of Arras. While -this pragmatic sanction was in force, the benefices of the kingdom -were disposed of at the nomination of the universities, whence arose -innumerable law suits,—and this practice was greatly prejudicial to -the court of Rome.</p> - -<p>At this period died Flocquet, one of the king's commanders, valiant -and subtile in war. By his subtilty he won Pont de l'Arche from the -English, and was the first cause of the total loss of Normandy to the -English.</p> - -<p>At this time also died master Nicholas Raullin, at Autun in Burgundy. -He had first been an advocate in the parliament, then chancellor -to duke Philip, whom he governed very wisely<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_96" id="Page_96">[Pg 96]</a></span> in many difficult -affairs during the whole time he held this office, and was a great -favourite with the duke; but while he managed his lord's business -so well, he was not neglectful of his own,—for he acquired, during -his service, upwards of forty thousand francs of landed revenue and -many lordships,—so that his sons were rich and great lords, and his -daughters married very nobly.</p> - -<div class="footnotes"><p class="ph3">FOOTNOTES:</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_24_24" id="Footnote_24_24"></a><a href="#FNanchor_24_24"><span class="label">[24]</span></a> The title of the Pragmatic Sanction was given to an -assembly of the French clergy at Bourges, called by Charles VII. where -in the presence of the princes of the blood, and of the chief nobility -of the kingdom the canons of the council of Basil were examined and -being found, for the most part, to be very wise and just, and perfectly -calculated to extinguish the capital grievances that had been so long -complained of, they were compiled into a law for the benefit of the -gallican church. The power of nominating to ecclesiastical dignities -was taken from the see of Rome; and those branches of the papal -prerogatives which were not abolished were so curtailed as to be less -injurious to the people and detrimental to the monarchy.</p></div></div> - -<hr class="chap" /> - - -<p class="ph2"><a name="CHAP_XVI" id="CHAP_XVI">CHAP. XVI.</a></p> - -<blockquote> - -<p>DUKE PHILIP OF BURGUNDY DANGEROUSLY ILL, BUT RECOVERS.—OTHER MATTERS -WHICH HAPPENED AT THIS PERIOD.</p></blockquote> - - -<p class="drop"><span class="uppercase">About</span> Candlemas, in this year 1461, the duke of Burgundy was taken -so dangerously ill, in the city of Brussels, that the physicians -despaired of his life; and the duke, in consequence, sent in haste -to his son, then at Quesnoy, who instantly came to him. The count de -Charolois, seeing the duke in so great danger, issued orders throughout -his father's<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_97" id="Page_97">[Pg 97]</a></span> dominions for the priests and monks of all churches and -abbeys to offer up ardent and devout prayers to God, that he would be -pleased to restore his father to health. Processions were, therefore, -made, and prayers offered up with so much affection that God, full of -pity and mercy, restored the duke to health,—for he was beloved by his -subjects as much as prince ever was.</p> - -<p>His son the count de Charolois, who had no legitimate children, showed -his affection in another manner; for he never quitted his bedside, -and was always at hand to administer to him whatever was prescribed -in his illness. He was three or four nights and days without taking -any rest, which rather displeased his father,—and he ordered him -frequently to take some repose, because it was better to lose one than -both. In short, the prayers for the good duke were so effectual, and -his physicians so attentive, that he recovered his health, excepting -a debility that always remained, which inclines to a belief that, had -it not been for the prayers of some religious and good persons, he had -never recovered.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_98" id="Page_98">[Pg 98]</a></span></p> - -<p>At this time, died the lady of Ravenstein, niece to the duchess of -Burgundy,—a very good lady, devout and charitable, and much regretted -by all who knew her.</p> - -<p>About the beginning of March, the lady of Bar, wife to the count of St -Pol, deceased. She left her husband four sons and several daughters. -Her eldest son, Louis de Luxembourg, succeeded to the earldom of -Marle, the second to that of Brienne, and the third to the lordship of -Roussy.—She was a very noble lady, and of high birth.</p> - -<p>At this time also died, in Abbeville, a very renowned knight in arms, -called sir Gauvain Quieret, the most adventurous of all his fraternity -in war, and much beloved by his men.</p> - -<p>In this year, the duchess of Orleans, niece to the duke of Burgundy, -was brought to bed of a fine boy, to whom the king of France stood -godfather, and gave him his name of Louis. The queen of England, wife -to king Henry, was the godmother, who had come to require aid from her -cousin-german, the king, against king Edward, who had deprived her -husband of his crown.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_99" id="Page_99">[Pg 99]</a></span></p> - -<p>At this time, and three or four years prior to it, all sorts of crimes -were committed in the country of Artois with impunity,—such as -robberies, thefts, violating of women, even in the great towns, and -often under the eyes of officers of justice, who took no notice of the -criminals, except, indeed, of some poor persons unacknowledged by any -great lord! These crimes were committed in a greater degree within -the city of Arras, the capital of Artois, than elsewhere, which was a -shocking and infamous example to all the other parts of that country.</p> - - - -<hr class="chap" /> -<p class="ph2"><a name="CHAP_XVII" id="CHAP_XVII">CHAP. XVII.</a></p> - -<blockquote> - -<p>A MORE PARTICULAR ACCOUNT OF THE FUNERAL SERVICES PERFORMED AT PARIS -AND ST DENIS, ON THE DEATH OF KING CHARLES VII. OF FRANCE.</p></blockquote> - - -<p class="drop"><span class="uppercase">On</span> Magdalen-day, in the year 1461, as I have before mentioned, died -king Charles VII. of France, at the castle of Mehun sur<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_100" id="Page_100">[Pg 100]</a></span> Yevre, whose -soul may God pardon and receive in mercy!</p> - -<p>On the following Tuesday, a solemn funeral service was performed for -him in the church of St Denis, such as has been usually performed -yearly for Louis le gros, formerly king of France.</p> - -<p>On the Wednesday, the 5th of August, the body of the said king was -brought, at ten o'clock at night, to Paris, but left, without the -walls, in the church of Nôtre Dame des Champs. Four lords of the court -of parliament held the four corners of the pall, clothed in scarlet -mantles: many other lords also supported the pall, dressed in crimson -robes.</p> - -<p>The body was, on the morrow, put on a litter covered with a very -rich cloth of gold, and borne by six score salt porters. The duke of -Orleans, the count of Angoulême, the count of Eu, and the count of -Dunois, were the principal mourners, all four on horseback. They were -followed by the car which had brought the body from Mehun, having a -black velvet pall thrown across it, which was covered with a white -cross of very rich figured velvet. This car<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_101" id="Page_101">[Pg 101]</a></span> was drawn by five horses -with trappings of black figured velvet that reached to the ground, and -covered them so completely that their eyes only were to be seen. After -the car came six pages in black velvet, with hoods of the same, mounted -on horses with trappings similar to those of the car. Before the body -was the patriarch, then bishop of Avranches, who performed the services -at Nôtre Dame and at St Denis, as shall be mentioned hereafter. The -clergy of Nôtre Dame, and of all the other parishes of Paris, led the -procession; then came the rector of the university, followed by the -members of the chamber of accounts dressed in black; then those of the -court of requests, the provost of Paris, the court of the Châtelet, and -the burghers of Paris, in regular order. In the front of all were the -four orders of mendicant monks. The whole was closed by an innumerable -quantity of people from Paris and other parts.</p> - -<p>There were two hundred wax tapers, of four pounds weight each, borne -by two hundred men dressed in black. The church of Nôtre Dame was hung -with black silk, besprinkled with flowers de luce.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_102" id="Page_102">[Pg 102]</a></span></p> - -<p>The body of the king was placed in the middle of the choir, when a -service for the dead was performed, and the vigils chaunted. On the -morrow, Friday, the 7th day of August, mass was celebrated by the -patriarch; and about three o'clock in the afternoon of that day, -the lords before named attended the body, which was carried to La -Croix-ou-Fiens, which is between La Chappelle-St-Denis and where the -Lendit-fair is holden, when a desperate quarrel arose about carrying -the body to the church, and it remained there a long time; at length -the burghers of St Denis took up the bier as it was, and wanted to -carry the body to Saint Denis, because the salt-porters had left it on -the road, by reason of a refusal to pay them the sum of ten livres, -which they demanded. The master of the horse to the king having -promised payment of this sum, they carried the body into the choir of -the church of St Denis,—but it was eight o'clock before it arrived -there. At this hour, vespers for the dead only were chaunted for -the king, and on the morrow, at six in the morning, matins, namely, -<i>Dirige</i>, &c.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_103" id="Page_103">[Pg 103]</a></span></p> - -<p>There were present at St Denis the duke and duchess of Orleans, -the counts of Angoulême and of Dunois, the lords de Brosses and de -Château-brun, the master of the horse, the bishop of Paris, the -court of parliament, the bishop of Bayeux. The bishops of Troyes and -of Chartres performed the service, and the bishop of Orleans the -office. The bishops of Angers, of Beziers, of Senlis, of Meaux, the -abbots of St Germain, of St Magloire, of St Estienne de Dijon, of St -Victor, attended the mass,—but only one grand mass was celebrated -for the king; after which, the body was interred in the chapel of his -grandfather, between the body of the latter and that of his father.</p> - -<p>The choir of the church was all hung with black velvet,—and there -was a most sumptuous catafalque in the center of the choir, under -which was placed the body of the late king, surrounded with as many -wax tapers as it could hold. The corpse was in a cyprus-wood coffin, -inclosed in another of lead, and then in another of common wood, -having a representation of the said king lying between two sheets on<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_104" id="Page_104">[Pg 104]</a></span> -a mattress on the pall. This figure was dressed in a tunic and mantle -of velvet, embroidered with flowers de luce, lined with ermine, holding -in one hand a sceptre of the hand of Justice, and in the other a larger -sceptre: it had a crown on the head, under which was a pillow of velvet.</p> - -<p>The king's officers had borne a canopy over the coffin, on eight -lances, as far as the Croix-ou-Fiens, where they were met by eight -of the benedictine monks from St Denis, who would have taken their -places; but the equerry refused to allow it, as he said that it was -not customary,—for that the canopy was only borne over the body when -passing through towns, but not when in the open country.</p> - -<p>When the body arrived at the gate of the town of St Denis, it was set -down, when three prayers were chaunted over it, as was done at every -place where they halted, and then the canopy was given up to the monks, -who bore it over the body, but in such wise that every one could -plainly see the figure on the coffin.</p> - -<p>After the interment, a serious quarrel arose between the master of the -horse and<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_105" id="Page_105">[Pg 105]</a></span> the monks of the abbey, respecting the pall that was under -the representation of the king, which the master of the horse claimed -as his fee; when at last the pall was deposited in the hands of the -count de Dunois and the chancellor of France,—when it was determined -by them, that the pall, which was of very magnificent cloth of gold and -crimson, should remain in the abbey of St Denis, it being declared on -behalf of the grand master, that whatever claim he might have to it he -gave up to the church of St Denis.</p> - -<p>The canopy, with the velvet, wax, and every thing else remained to the -church, without any dispute, excepting the velvet and white cross which -covered the car: these were carried away.</p> - -<p>The count de Dunois and the grand master visited all the chapels -wherein were interred any bodies of saints, and presented to each -velvet and satin sufficient to cover two altars from top to bottom.</p> - -<p>In the middle of the high mass, was a sermon preached by master Thomas -de Courcelles, doctor in divinity,—at which all the people bewailed -and prayed for the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_106" id="Page_106">[Pg 106]</a></span> defunct, who was then styled, 'Charles, the Seventh -of the Name, most Victorious King of France.'</p> - -<p>When the body was let down into the vault, the heralds shouted, -'Long live king Louis! May God have mercy on the soul of Charles the -Victorious!' Then the ushers and sergeants broke their rods, and threw -them into the grave.</p> - -<p>The company, after this, went to dinner in the great hall of the abbey, -where was an open table for all comers. When dinner was ended, the -count de Dunois and de Longueville arose, and said with a loud voice, -that he and the other servants had lost their master, and that every -one must now provide for himself. This speech made every one sorrowful, -and not without cause, more especially the pages, who wept bitterly.</p> - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_107" id="Page_107">[Pg 107]</a></span></p> - - - - -<p class="ph2">[<span class="smcap">A.D.</span> 1462.]</p> - -<p class="ph2"><a name="CHAP_XVIII" id="CHAP_XVIII">CHAP. XVIII.</a></p> - -<blockquote> - -<p>THE DISGRACEFUL DEATH OF JOHN COUSTAIN, MASTER OF THE WARDROBE TO DUKE -PHILIP OF BURGUNDY.—THE CAUSE OF IT.—THE DEATH OF HIS ACCUSER.</p></blockquote> - - -<p class="drop"><span class="uppercase">On</span> Sunday, the feast of St James and St Christopher, in the month of -July, in the year 1462, John Coustain, master of the wardrobe to the -noble duke Philip of Burgundy, was arrested and carried prisoner to -Rupelmonde, for having intended to poison the count de Charolois,—with -which crime he was charged by a poor gentleman from Burgundy, called -John d'Juy. The said Coustain had bargained with him, for a large sum -of money, to go into Piedmont, and buy for him some poison, and had -told him the use he intended to make of it.</p> - -<p>When this John d'Juy was returned from Piedmont to Brussels with the -poison, he demanded payment as had been agreed<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_108" id="Page_108">[Pg 108]</a></span> on; but Coustain not -only refused to give him the money but abused him, in most coarse -language,—for this Coustain had not his equal in pride and wickedness. -John d'Juy, discontented at such treatment, made his complaints to -another gentleman of Burgundy, called Arquembart, and discovered to him -the plot. Arquembart, much alarmed, advised him to reveal the whole of -it to the count de Charolois, saying, that if he did not instantly do -so, he would go and tell it himself.</p> - -<p>John d'Juy, without further delay, waited on the count, and, casting -himself on his knees, humbly besought him to pardon the wickedness -he was about to reveal to him, and then told him the whole truth of -the intentions of John Coustain. The count was much astonished and -troubled, and, hastening to his father the duke, told him all he had -just heard, and demanded justice on John Coustain for his disloyalty -and treason. The duke said, he should have instant justice,—on which -the count returned to his apartments, and ordered John d'Juy to go and -surrender himself a<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_109" id="Page_109">[Pg 109]</a></span> prisoner at Rupelmonde, and wait for him there, as -he would speedily follow him.</p> - -<p>On the morrow, which was the feast of St James, as I have said, as -the duke was ordering the lord d'Auxi and Philip de Crevecoeur to -carry John Coustain prisoner to Rupelmonde, he was playing and amusing -himself in the duke's park: the duke called to him, and said that he -wished he would go to Rupelmonde, with the lord d'Auxi, to answer a -gentleman who had made heavy charges against his honour. Coustain -answered insolently, according to his custom, that he did not fear -any man on earth, and went to boot himself, and mount a fine horse, -attended by four others. In this state, he went to the hôtel of the -lord d'Auxi, whom he found mounted, together with Philip de Crevecoeur, -and fifteen or sixteen of the duke's archers.</p> - -<p>When Coustain saw so many archers, he began to fear the consequences: -nevertheless, they all rode together through the town of Brussels,—but -when they came into the open country, the lord d'Auxi made John -Coustain dismount from His war-horse, and mount a small hackney that<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_110" id="Page_110">[Pg 110]</a></span> -he rode, which alarmed Coustain more than before; and instantly the -lord d'Auxi put his hand on his shoulder, and declared him prisoner to -the duke, and then pushed forward, without any stopping, until they -came to Rupelmonde. They were scarcely arrived before the count de -Charolois came, and took possession of the tower in which John Coustain -was confined.</p> - -<p>Shortly after, Anthony bastard of Burgundy, the bishop of Tournay, the -lord de Croy, and the lord de Goux came thither. No one spoke to John -Coustain but the above, and in the hearing of the count de Charolois. -When they were assembled, John d'Juy was ordered before them, and -related, in the presence of John Coustain, how he had bargained with -him to purchase poisons, which he had brought to him,—after which, he -had refused to pay him the sum agreed on for so doing. To confirm what -he had said, he produced, not one, but many letters to this purpose, -written and signed by Coustain.</p> - -<p>Notwithstanding these proofs, Coustain denied the whole of the charge, -and loaded d'Juy with many reproaches. At<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_111" id="Page_111">[Pg 111]</a></span> length, however, without -being tortured, he acknowledged that all was true,—and added, that he -himself had been twice in Piedmont since Christmas in the year 1461, to -procure poisons, but without success. For that purpose, he had indeed -bargained with John d'Juy as he had said, but added, at first, that it -was not to poison the count de Charolois, but in order that the count -might have him in his good graces, and not deprive him of his place, -or of any thing appertaining to him, should the duke chance to die: at -last, he owned that the poisons were intended for the count, and that -he had proposed to give them at a banquet, which would take place about -the middle of August,—which poisons being taken, he would not live -longer than twelve months afterward.</p> - -<p>When John Coustain had made this confession, he was taken, on the -Friday following, to the highest tower of the castle to be beheaded; -and while there, he earnestly begged that he might say a few words in -private to the count, who, on being informed of it, consented,—and he -was some time in conversation with the pri<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_112" id="Page_112">[Pg 112]</a></span>soner alone. None of those -present heard what was said; but they saw the count cross himself at -almost every word Coustain told him, which caused it to be supposed -that he was accusing others in the hope of lessening his own crimes. He -entreated the count that his body might not be quartered, but buried -in consecrated ground. After this conversation, he was immediately -beheaded.</p> - -<p>John d'Juy was then called; and the count asked him whether, if -Coustain had kept his promise of payment, he would have informed -against him. On his replying, that he would not, the count ordered him -to be beheaded also.</p> - -<p>The fortune of the said Coustain, amounting to more than three hundred -thousand francs in the whole, was declared confiscated to the duke; -but he, out of his noble and benign nature, gave them back again to -the widow and her children. It was afterward commonly reported, that -this Coustain had poisoned the good lady of Ravenstein, because she had -blamed his wife for her pomp and extravagance, which was equal to that -of a princess.</p> - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_113" id="Page_113">[Pg 113]</a></span></p> - - - - -<p class="ph2"><a name="CHAP_XIX" id="CHAP_XIX">CHAP. XIX.</a></p> - -<blockquote> - -<p>THE DUKE OF BURGUNDY CAUSES A NUMBER OF ROGUES AND VAGABONDS TO BE -EXECUTED IN HIS COUNTRY OF ARTOIS.—THE DEATH OF THE ABBOT OF ST VAAST -AT ARRAS.—OTHER EVENTS.—TAUNTING REPLIES MADE BY THE LORD DE CHIMAY -TO THE KING OF FRANCE.</p></blockquote> - - -<p class="drop"><span class="uppercase">The</span> duke of Burgundy was at length informed of the mischiefs that were -doing in his country of Artois by the dependants of different lords, -whom the bailiffs, and other officers of the duke, were afraid to -arrest or punish, lest they should be ill treated themselves.</p> - -<p>In consequence of this, the bailiffs of Amiens, of the Cambresis, -and of Orchies, entered the town of Arras as secretly as they could, -by two and three at a time, having with them about fifty horse of -the body-guard of the count d'Estampes, governor of Picardy, and -took possession of different inns. They showed their orders from -the duke, which commanded them to<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_114" id="Page_114">[Pg 114]</a></span> arrest and execute all those who -had acted so criminally, to whatever lord they might belong, even -were they dependants of those of his blood. It is, therefore, to be -believed, that had the good prince earlier received information of -their wickedness, he would sooner have provided a remedy; but he was -surrounded by some who wished not that the truth should come to his -ears.</p> - -<p>When the above-mentioned bailiffs were come to Arras, they sallied out -in the night to the places where they expected to meet these rogues; -some they arrested, but many fled and hid themselves. They then -advanced into the country, and laid hands on several of bad fame, whom -they hanged on the trees by the road side, and this time performed a -good exploit.</p> - -<p>On the 15th day of September, in this year, died the abbot John du -Clerc, abbot of St Vaast in Arras, whose death was much bewailed by the -poor; for he was exceedingly charitable, and had governed the abbey -for thirty-four years more ably than any abbot had done for the two -hundred preceding years, as was apparent from the church and different -buildings which he<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_115" id="Page_115">[Pg 115]</a></span> had ornamented and restored in many parts, having, -on his election, found them in ruins. Among many good deeds, he did one -worthy of perpetual remembrance, namely, when corn was so dear, in the -year 1438, that wheat sold for ten francs the septier, or five francs -the mencault of Arras, which prevented the poor from buying any, he -opened the granaries of his abbey, that were full of corn, and ordered -it to be sold to the poor only, at twenty-eight sols the mencault, and -but two bushels to be delivered to any person at a time,—so that, if -the famine should continue, his corn might last longer. He built the -entrance-gate to the abbey, and the nave of the church, and managed the -revenues of his abbey better than any abbot had done, and added greatly -to them. When he died, he was eighty-six years old. May God pardon and -show mercy to his soul!</p> - -<p>About this period, the lord de Chimay returned from France, whither he -had been sent by the duke of Burgundy, respecting some differences that -had arisen between him and the king of France. The most important was, -as it was said, that the king<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_116" id="Page_116">[Pg 116]</a></span> granted to have it proclaimed through -the territories of the duke that no one should afford aid or support, -in any way whatever, to king Edward of England, which the duke would -not allow to be done, considering that not only a truce existed between -him and king Edward but that he was favourably inclined towards him. -King Louis wanted also to introduce the gabelle, or salt duty, into -Burgundy, which had not been done for a very long time,—and this the -duke likewise refused to permit to be done.</p> - -<p>For these and other matters, the lord de Chimay had been sent to -remonstrate with the king, and to entreat that, out of his love to him, -he would desist from pursuing them further; but the lord de Chimay was -long before he could obtain an audience, and would perhaps have waited -longer, but one day he stood at the king's closet door until he came -out. On seeing the lord de Chimay, he said to him, 'What kind of a man -is this duke of Burgundy? is he of a different stamp from the other -princes and lords of my realm?' 'Yes, sire,' replied the lord de Chimay -(who was of a bold and courageous character), 'the duke of<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_117" id="Page_117">[Pg 117]</a></span> Burgundy is -indeed of another sort of metal than the other princes of your realm, -or of the adjoining realms; for he received and supported you against -the will of king Charles, your father, whose soul may God pardon! and -contrary to the will of others, whom this his conduct displeased,—and -he did that which no other prince would have dared to do!'</p> - -<p>On hearing these words, the king was silent, and, without making any -reply, entered again into his closet. Some said, that the count de -Dunois then approached the lord of Chimay, and asked how he dared thus -speak to the king: when he answered, 'If I had been fifty leagues off, -and had supposed that the king would have said to me what he has done -respecting my lord and master, I would have instantly returned to make -him the answer I did.' He then set out for Brussels, to make his report -to the duke of Burgundy.</p> - - - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_118" id="Page_118">[Pg 118]</a></span></p> - - - - -<p class="ph2"><a name="CHAP_XX" id="CHAP_XX">CHAP. XX.</a></p> - -<blockquote> - -<p>THE DUCHESS OF BOURBON COMES TO RESIDE WITH HER BROTHER THE DUKE -OF BURGUNDY.—THE KING OF FRANCE GRANTS SUCCOURS TO THE QUEEN OF -ENGLAND.—OTHER EVENTS THAT HAPPENED IN DIVERS PARTS.</p></blockquote> - - -<p class="drop"><span class="uppercase">At</span> this time, the widowed duchess of Bourbon came to visit the noble -duke of Burgundy, accompanied by three or four of her sons and two of -her daughters,—for she had had by her late husband six boys and five -girls. The eldest son, John, succeeded his father in the dukedom; the -second was married to a daughter of the king of Cyprus, but died of -leprosy before he went thither; the third, Charles, was archbishop of -Lyons, on the Rhône, and abbot of St Vaast at Arras; the fourth, named -Louis, was bishop of Liege; the fifth was lord of Beaujeu, and married -to a daughter of the duke of Orleans; the sixth, James, died when young.</p> - -<p>Of the daughters, one was married to<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_119" id="Page_119">[Pg 119]</a></span> the duke of Calabria, by whom -she had a fair son, but died shortly after: the second married her -cousin-german, the count de Charolois, and had only a daughter, -when the good lady died: the third espoused the duke of Gueldres, -nephew to the duke of Burgundy: another was afterward married to the -lord d'Arquel,—and another was then to be married; for the duke -of Burgundy, their uncle, had always very earnestly promoted the -advancement of his friends and relatives.</p> - -<p>About this period, the king of France sent two thousand combatants to -England, to the aid of queen Margaret, under the command of the lord de -Varennes, high seneschal of Normandy, who, under the late king's reign, -had governed every thing, and it was reported that king Louis had given -him this command for the chance of his being slain: nevertheless, he -bore himself well, and conquered several places, in the expectation of -being joined by the duke of Somerset, who had promised to come to him -with a large body of Scots and others; but he failed,—for he had found -means to make his peace with king Ed<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_120" id="Page_120">[Pg 120]</a></span>ward, who had restored to him his -estates and honours.</p> - -<p>The French were now besieged in the places they had won by the earl -of Warwick, and were glad to return to France with their lives -spared.—All were not so fortunate, for many were slain or captured in -the different skirmishes that had passed between them.<a name="FNanchor_25_25" id="FNanchor_25_25"></a><a href="#Footnote_25_25" class="fnanchor">[25]</a></p> - -<p>The duke of Burgundy now sent one hundred men at arms and four hundred -archers to the aid of the bishop of Mentz, who was engaged in a -destructive warfare with one of the princes of Germany, insomuch that -the extent of three or four days journey of the flat country was burnt -and totally ruined.</p> - -<p>On the 21st day of November, in this year, was an eclipse of the sun; -and shortly after there were tiltings and other enter<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_121" id="Page_121">[Pg 121]</a></span>tainments at -Brussels, in honour of the arrival of the duchess of Bourbon, and of -her children, whom she had brought with her. To these feasts the duke -of Burgundy came with great pomp, and most superbly dressed.</p> - -<p>About the same time, the count de Charolois had three men and an -apothecary imprisoned at Brussels,—which three men had caused the -apothecary to make three images of wax, of the form of men and women; -three of each for some sort of sorcery, and even, as it was said, -touching the said count de Charolois. This was found out from the -apothecary telling some of the count's servants what he had made, and -that those who had ordered them would do wonders with them; that they -would make these images talk and walk, which would be miraculous: in -short, so much was said, that it came at length to the ears of the -count, who ordered the three men to be arrested, who belonged to the -count d'Estampes. The apothecary was also arrested, but soon set at -liberty, because he was ignorant for what purposes these images had -been made. A gentleman of the household<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_122" id="Page_122">[Pg 122]</a></span> of the count d'Estampes -fled, but was retaken, and carried prisoner to Quesnoy-le-Comte in -Hainault: his name was Charles de Noyers. It was rumoured, that these -four persons had been closely interrogated, and had confessed wonderful -things; but they were kept so secret that few knew what to say about -them. The prisoners, however, remained very long in confinement.</p> - -<div class="footnotes"><p class="ph3">FOOTNOTES:</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_25_25" id="Footnote_25_25"></a><a href="#FNanchor_25_25"><span class="label">[25]</span></a> Henry says, that the French fleet appeared off Tinmouth; -that many of their ships were driven on shore near Bamborough in a -storm; that the French took shelter in Holy Island, where they were -attacked and beaten by a superior force; that sir Pierre de Brézé, -their commander, and the rest, saved themselves in Berwick.—<i>Hist. of -England</i>, A.D. 1461.</p></div></div> - -<hr class="chap" /> - - -<p class="ph2">[<span class="smcap">A.D.</span> 1463.]</p> - -<p class="ph2"><a name="CHAP_XXI" id="CHAP_XXI">CHAP. XXI.</a></p> - -<blockquote> - -<p>OF THE MANY DIFFERENT EVENTS THAT HAPPENED DURING THE COURSE OF THE -ABOVE YEAR.—OF THE HARD FORTUNE OF MARGARET QUEEN OF ENGLAND.</p></blockquote> - - -<p class="drop"><span class="uppercase">On</span> the 19th of April, this year, after Easter, died master Robert le -Jeune, governor of Arras, aged ninety-two years. He began life as -an advocate at Amiens, and was afterward retained of the counsel of -king Henry V. of England, who made him<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_123" id="Page_123">[Pg 123]</a></span> a knight, and gave him great -riches. After the death of king Henry, the duke of Burgundy made him -bailiff of Amiens, in which office, he governed so partially, towards -the duke and the English, that he put to death, by hanging, drowning, -or beheading, upwards of nineteen hundred persons,—and many more of -the French party, called Armagnacs, than of the other,—for which the -populace of Amiens so much detested him that he dared not longer abide -there, but went to Arras, of which place the duke of Burgundy made him -governor! In whatever place he resided, he managed so well for his own -interest that his two sons became great and rich lords. One of them -was bishop of Amiens, and afterward bishop and cardinal of Therouenne, -the richest of all the cardinals, but he died when only forty years -old,—and it was said that his death was hastened by poison. The other -son was a knight at arms, and a considerable landholder, who had the -greater share of the government of the duchess of Burgundy's household, -and afterward of that of her son the count de Charolois. The daughter -of sir Robert le Jeune was nobly and richly married.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_124" id="Page_124">[Pg 124]</a></span></p> - -<p>The 6th day of July, the duke of Burgundy came from Bruges to Lille, -where he had not been since his severe illness the preceding year. The -townsmen received him with greater honours than at any former time; for -a procession of upwards of four hundred of them went out of the town -to meet him, with lighted torches in their hands, not to mention the -principal burghers who went out in numbers. The streets were all hung, -and illuminated so brilliantly that it appeared like noon-day, and many -pageants and mysteries were exhibited, although it was late, and the -night very dark. In this state was the duke escorted to his hôtel.</p> - -<p>Duke Philip, ever anxious to fulfil the vow which he had made in the -town of Lille, in the year 1454, to attack the grand Turk, and drive -him back to his own territories beyond the Straits of St George, would -most cheerfully have gone thither in person, had he not feared that, -during his absence, the king of France would attack and perhaps conquer -his country. For this reason, therefore, he sent a notable embassy to -pope Pius, the principal of which<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_125" id="Page_125">[Pg 125]</a></span> were the bishop of Tournay, the lord -de Montigny, and the lord de Forestel, knights, to learn the will of -the pope respecting his vow, which, as has been said, he was unable to -accomplish, making offer, in lieu thereof, to send six thousand good -combatants at his own costs and charges against the Turk, in any way -the pope might be pleased to order.</p> - -<p>I must mention here a singular adventure which befel the queen of -England. She in company with the lord de Varennes and her son, having -lost their way in a forest of Hainault, were met by some banditti, -who robbed them of all they had. It is probable the banditti would -have murdered them, had they not quarrelled about the division of the -spoil, insomuch that from words they came to blows; and, while they -were fighting, she caught her son in her arms and fled to the thickest -part of the forest, where, weary with fatigue, she was forced to stop. -At this moment, she met another robber, to whom she instantly gave her -son, and said,—'Take him, friend, and save the son of a king.'</p> - -<p>The robber received him willingly,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_126" id="Page_126">[Pg 126]</a></span> and conducted them in safety toward -the seashore, where they arrived at Sluys, and thence the queen and her -son went to Bruges, where they were received most honourably. During -this time, king Henry, her husband, had retired into the strongest -parts of Wales.</p> - -<p>The queen left prince Edward at Bruges, and went to the count de -Charolois at Lille, who feasted her grandly, whence she set out for -Bethune, to hold a conference with the duke of Burgundy. The duke, -hearing that large reinforcements of English were landed at Calais, -sent a body of his archers to escort her from Bethune to St Pol, -where he went to meet her, notwithstanding he knew well that she had -never loved him; but, according to his noble nature, he received her -with much honour, and made her rich presents. Some said, that he gave -her two thousand crowns of gold, and to the lord de Varennes one -thousand, and to each of the ladies that attended on the queen one -hundred crowns: he had her also escorted to the country of Bai, which -appertained to her brother the duke of Calabria. The queen repented<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_127" id="Page_127">[Pg 127]</a></span> -much, and thought herself unfortunate, that she had not sooner thrown -herself on the protection of the noble duke of Burgundy, as her affairs -would probably have prospered better!</p> - - - -<hr class="chap" /> -<p class="ph2"><a name="CHAP_XXII" id="CHAP_XXII">CHAP. XXII.</a></p> - -<blockquote> - -<p>THE KING OF FRANCE GIVES THE COUNTY OF GUISNES TO THE LORD DE -CROY.—THE COUNT D'ESTAMPES QUITS HIS ATTACHMENT TO THE HOUSE OF -BURGUNDY.—OTHER EVENTS.</p></blockquote> - - -<p class="drop"><span class="uppercase">During</span> this year of 1463, king Louis of France made a progress through -his kingdom, to examine into the state of it. On his return to Paris, -he caused proclamation to be made, by sound of trumpet, that he had -given to the lord de Croy the county and lordship of Guisnes, having, -before this, made him grand master of his household. The lord de Croy -had, at this time, left the house of Burgundy, and resided with the -king, which seemed to many very strange,—for the lord de Croy had -been<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_128" id="Page_128">[Pg 128]</a></span> brought up and educated by the duke and his family, and had -been better provided for than any others, being first chamberlain and -principal minister to the duke, and had acquired by his services from -forty to fifty thousand francs of landed rent, besides the advancement -of all his friends, so that there was no one like to him in that whole -country. If he had been in the good graces of the duke, he enjoyed the -same favour with the king, who refused him nothing that he asked for -himself or his friends. The common report was, that he was so much -beloved by the king because he had drawn up the plan for the repurchase -of the lands and towns on the Somme, from the duke of Burgundy, for -four hundred and fifty thousand crowns, and because he had induced the -duke to accede to this bargain,—for he listened to him in council more -than to any others. The lord de Croy having made some stay at the court -of France, returned to that of Burgundy, and exercised his charges the -same as before.</p> - -<p>During the king's progress through Guienne and the Bordelois, he made -up<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_129" id="Page_129">[Pg 129]</a></span> the quarrel between the king of Spain and the count de Foix, which -had risen to a great height, although they had married two sisters, -daughters to the king of Navarre.</p> - -<p>At this time, John of Burgundy count d'Estampes, quitted the house of -Burgundy, and attached himself to the king of France,—to which he was -instigated, according to report, by his being in disgrace with the -duke, and still more with the count de Charolois, on account of those -waxen images before mentioned; for it was said the count de Charolois -was suspicious of being in his company, for fear of sorcery,—and he -now kept the count de St Pol constantly with him, and gave him the -principal management of himself and his household. Some said, that -this was the reason why the count d'Estampes and the lord de Croy had -quitted the noble house of Burgundy,—for it was well known that the -count de St Pol loved neither of them.</p> - -<p>About this time, the queen of France, Isabella of Savoy, came to -the king at Senlis, with but few attendants; for the king was then -as saving as possible, in order<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_130" id="Page_130">[Pg 130]</a></span> to amass a sufficient sum for the -repayment of the money for which the towns on the Somme had been -pledged. His expenses were chiefly for his amusements of hunting and -hawking, of which he was immoderately fond,—and he was liberal enough -to huntsmen and falconers, but to none others. He was very careless in -his dress, and was generally clothed meanly, in second-priced cloth and -fustian pourpoints, much unbecoming a person of his rank,—and he was -pleased that all who came to him on business should be plainly dressed. -He did not diminish any of the taxes, but, on the contrary, added to -them, which greatly oppressed his people.</p> - -<p>On the 6th of September, the parliament pronounced sentence on sir -Anthony de Chabannes lord de Dammartin, who, after the death of king -Charles, had fled for fear of his successor; but a year afterward he -had sought the king's mercy, and put himself into his hands. The king -sent him prisoner to the Conciergerie of the palace, and ordered the -parliament to bring him to trial; which being done, he was convicted -of high treason against king<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_131" id="Page_131">[Pg 131]</a></span> Louis, and sentenced to death, and his -effects confiscated to the crown.</p> - -<p>The king, nevertheless, granted him a pardon, on condition that he -would transport himself to the island of Rhodes, and remain there for -his life; but he was to give security for the performing of this, which -not being able to do, he was confined in the bastile of St Anthony.</p> - -<p>At this time, king Louis, from his will and pleasure, ordered all nets -and engines, to take and destroy the game, to be burnt throughout the -Isle of France. No one was spared, whether of noble or peasant, except -in some warrens that belonged to the princes. It was said that he did -this that no one might hawk or hunt but himself, and that there might -be a greater plenty of game,—for his whole delight was in hunting and -hawking.</p> - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_132" id="Page_132">[Pg 132]</a></span></p> - - - - -<p class="ph2"><a name="CHAP_XXIII" id="CHAP_XXIII">CHAP. XXIII.</a></p> - -<blockquote> - -<p>THE KING OF FRANCE REPURCHASES THE TOWNS AND LANDS ON THE RIVER SOMME -THAT HAD BEEN PLEDGED TO THE DUKE OF BURGUNDY.—HE MEETS THE DUKE AT -HÊDIN.—OTHER MATTERS.</p></blockquote> - - -<p class="drop"><span class="uppercase">The</span> king of France, having determined to repurchase the towns on the -Somme from the duke of Burgundy, made such diligence that he collected -a sufficiency of cash; for there was not an abbey or canonry, or any -rich merchant in France, who did not lend or give him some sums of -money. When he had amassed the amount, he sent it as far as Abbeville -to the duke, who had it transported thence to Hêdin, where he then -resided.</p> - -<p>Shortly after, the king came to Hêdin,—and the duke went out to meet -him, received him most honourably, as he well knew how to do, and -lodged him in his own proper apartments in his castle. The king then -promised the duke, that he would punctually fulfil all the articles of -the trea<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_133" id="Page_133">[Pg 133]</a></span>ty of Arras, which promise he did not so punctually perform.</p> - -<p>While the king and the duke were at the castle of Hêdin, a grand -embassy arrived there from England,—the chief of which was a -bishop<a name="FNanchor_26_26" id="FNanchor_26_26"></a><a href="#Footnote_26_26" class="fnanchor">[26]</a>, brother to the earl of Warwick, and from three to four -hundred horsemen handsomely dressed and equipped.</p> - -<p>Before they departed from Hêdin, the duke had sent repeated messages to -his son, the count de Charolois, then in Holland, for him to come and -pay his respects to the king,—but he refused, saying, that so long as -the count d'Estampes and the lord de Croy were with the king (as they -then were), he would never appear before him. He knew in what great -favour they were with the king; and it was currently reported, that it -had been through the counsels of the lord de Croy that the duke had -consented to the reimbursement for the towns on the Somme, which was -contrary to the will of the count de Charolois, and very prejudicial to -his future interests.</p> - -<p>It was also said, that the king, during<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_134" id="Page_134">[Pg 134]</a></span> his residence at the castle -of Hêdin, had well considered its situation and strength, as the key -of the county of Artois, and had demanded it from the duke, offering, -in exchange, the towns of Tournay and Mortagne<a name="FNanchor_27_27" id="FNanchor_27_27"></a><a href="#Footnote_27_27" class="fnanchor">[27]</a>, with some other -places; but the duke would not listen to it, thinking such offers were -made more to his hurt than otherwise.</p> - -<p>When the king departed from Hêdin, on the 19th of October, the duke -attended him to a considerable distance; and it was said, that the -duke, on quitting him, made several requests, and, among others, -entreated that he would not turn out his officers from the places to -which he had appointed them, in the several towns that were now become -the king's,—all of which the king granted, but did not fulfil; for -he instantly removed some of the officers in Abbeville, and made the -inhabitants and gentlemen in the neighbourhood renew their oaths to -him, although many of them had served the duke of Burgundy from their -youth; but the king made them swear<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_135" id="Page_135">[Pg 135]</a></span> to serve him against all other men -whatever.</p> - -<p>He deprived the lord de Saveuses of his government of the cities and -towns of Amiens, Arras, and Dourlens, and gave it to the lord de -Launoy, nephew to the lord de Croy, who was then governor, for the duke -of Burgundy, of Lille, Douay, and Orchies. The king also gave him the -government of Mortagne, dismissing from it the lord de Hautbourdin, -bastard de St Pol, and made him bailiff of Amiens, instead of the lord -de Crevecoeur. In addition to all these places, the king settled on -him a yearly pension of two thousand livres. All these favours heaped -on the lord de Launoy astonished every one; for he had commenced his -career of fortune under the house of Burgundy, and had never done any -services to king Louis of France.</p> - - - -<div class="footnotes"><p class="ph3">FOOTNOTES:</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_26_26" id="Footnote_26_26"></a><a href="#FNanchor_26_26"><span class="label">[26]</span></a> A bishop. George Neville, bishop of Exeter, and -afterwards archbishop of York.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_27_27" id="Footnote_27_27"></a><a href="#FNanchor_27_27"><span class="label">[27]</span></a> Mortagne,—in Flanders, on the conflux of the Scarpe and -Scheld, three leagues from Tournay.</p></div></div> - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_136" id="Page_136">[Pg 136]</a></span></p> - - -<p class="ph2"><a name="CHAP_XXIV" id="CHAP_XXIV">CHAP. XXIV.</a></p> - -<blockquote> - -<p>THE DEATH OF THE DOWAGER QUEEN OF FRANCE.—THE KING SUMMONS THE -COUNT DE SAINT POL AND THE LORD DE GENLY TO APPEAR PERSONALLY BEFORE -HIM.—THE MARRIAGE OF THE SON OF THE DUKE OF GUELDRES.—THE ABOLITION -OF THE PRAGMATIC SANCTION.</p></blockquote> - - -<p class="drop"><span class="uppercase">About</span> this time, the lady Mary of Anjou, queen of France, mother to -king Louis now on the throne, departed this life. She was renowned -for being a very good and devout lady, very charitable, and full of -patience.</p> - -<p>The king of France had now summoned the count de St. Pol and the lord -de Genly to appear in person before him, on the 15th day of November -ensuing, wherever he might then be. The reason of this was currently -said to be the different journies the lord de Genly had been remarked -to make to the duke of Brittany, to conclude certain treaties between -that duke and the count de Charolois, to oppose the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_137" id="Page_137">[Pg 137]</a></span> king of France -should he attempt hostilities against them; for they were in his ill -favour, as was apparent from the duke of Brittany having all his places -fortified, and his army ready prepared to resist an invasion of his -country.</p> - -<p>It was likewise said, that the duke of Bourbon and some other princes -of France were in alliance with them against the king, on account of -the strange manner in which he had treated them.</p> - -<p>On the 15th of October, a blaze of light was seen in the heavens,—and -it seemed that the clouds opened to show this blaze, for the space of -time in which an Ave-Maria could be repeated, and then closed again: it -ended with a long flaming tail before it vanished.</p> - -<p>The bishop of Tournay returned, at this period, from the embassy -on which the duke of Burgundy had sent him to pope Pius at Rome. -He reported to the duke, that the pontiff depended on having forty -thousand combatants to march against the Turk, which he would lead in -person, and put on the cross against the infidels, in case the duke -would accompany him with<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_138" id="Page_138">[Pg 138]</a></span> six thousand fighting men, and act under him -as his general.</p> - -<p>The duke was much rejoiced at this intelligence, and dispatched his -letters to all those who had made the vow of going to Turkey, and to -all his knights and vassals, to prepare themselves, and assemble at -Bruges on the ensuing 15th day of December. On their arrival at Bruges, -he had them informed, that it was his intention to march in person -against the Turks and infidels, and to be at Aiquesmortes about the -middle of next May to embark for the east,—but that he would assemble -them again before his departure, to inform them in what manner he -should settle the government of his country during his absence on this -expedition.</p> - -<p>On the 18th of December in this year, the marriage of the eldest son -of the duke of Gueldres with a princess of Bourbon, sister to the -countess of Charolois, was celebrated in the city of Bruges. They were -both equally related to the duke of Burgundy: the bridegroom was the -son of a daughter of the duke's sister, the duchess of Cleves, who had -deceased about two<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_139" id="Page_139">[Pg 139]</a></span> months before,—and the bride a daughter of his -sister, the duchess of Bourbon.</p> - -<p>Many lords of the court tilted after the wedding dinner,—among whom -the lord de Renty tilted with a young esquire of Picardy, called John, -only son to David de Fremessent, who met with a sad misfortune, for he -was hit by a splinter of a lance so severely on the head that he died.</p> - -<p>On the same day, two other men lost their lives, from the great -crowding at this tournament, which must be attributed to their own -folly in not taking more care.</p> - -<p>About this period, Godfrey, bishop of Alby and cardinal of Arras, -waited on the king of France, whom, some little time before, it was -said the king did not love: nevertheless, he now received him most -handsomely. It was he who, a short time prior to this, had persuaded -the king to abolish the pragmatic sanction, which had been established -in France by the council of Basil. In return for this, the cardinal -had promised the king certain things,—which, however, he failed to -perform, and it is not known how he pacified the king. He had promised -that the pope should send<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_140" id="Page_140">[Pg 140]</a></span> a legate to France to dispose of the -benefices when vacant; that the money for fees should not be sent to -Rome, nor carried out of the kingdom; but when the pope had gotten -possession of the act for the abolition of the pragmatic sanction, he -never thought more of sending a legate to France. The pope had this act -of abolition dragged through the streets of Rome, to please the Romans, -and published every where, that the Pragmatic was done away.</p> - -<p>The report was, that the bishop of Alby had the red hat given him, -and had been created cardinal for the pains he had taken to procure -this abolition of the pragmatic sanction, which, in truth, was very -detrimental to poor clerks and scholars; for it gave rise to numberless -questions and examinations before any benefice could be obtained,—and -the rich gained benefices from their being able to support the expenses -of the suits, which the poorer clerks lost, whatever nominations they -might have obtained.</p> - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_141" id="Page_141">[Pg 141]</a></span></p> - - - - -<p class="ph2"><a name="CHAP_XXV" id="CHAP_XXV">CHAP. XXV.</a></p> - -<blockquote> - -<p>A COOLNESS TAKES PLACE BETWEEN THE DUKE OF BURGUNDY AND HIS SON THE -COUNT DE CHAROLOIS.—THE COUNT MAKES HEAVY COMPLAINTS AGAINST THE LORD -DE CROY TO THE DEPUTIES OF THE THREE ESTATES ASSEMBLED BY THE DUKE HIS -FATHER.</p></blockquote> - - -<p class="drop"><span class="uppercase">The</span> duke of Burgundy now resided at Bruges, and summoned the three -estates of his country to assemble there, in his presence, on the 9th -day of January. The count de Charolois was at this time in disgrace -with his father, and he summoned the estates to meet him at Antwerp, -on the 3d of the same month, to lay before them the reasons of his -father's anger, that they might employ their means to bring about a -reconciliation. But the duke, hearing of this, forbade any of the -members of the estates to go near his son: however, some were already -gone to him,—but others, who were on their road to Antwerp, did not go -thither.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_142" id="Page_142">[Pg 142]</a></span></p> - -<p>On the 9th day of January, there was a grand assembly of the estates at -Bruges, consisting of three bishops, sixty abbots, a great number of -nobles, and deputies from all the principal towns. When they appeared -before the duke, he returned them his thanks for their diligence and -obedience, by the mouth of the bishop of Tournay, adding, that he had -received such intelligence concerning his son, that he was too much -troubled to say more to them at that time. The duke, nevertheless, -could not help telling them, that he was angered against his son, -because he suffered himself to be governed by persons whom the duke -did not approve of, and because he would not obey his will. He then -gave a paper to one of his secretaries, ordering him to read it to the -assembly, saying, that it was what his son had written to him, and it -was proper they all should hear it.</p> - -<p>The paper contained in substance, that the count de Charolois was in -the utmost sorrow that his lord and father was angered against him, and -entreated that he would no longer be displeased that he had not<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_143" id="Page_143">[Pg 143]</a></span> come -when he had sent for him, and would hold him excused for disobeying his -orders; for he could not appear before him so long as he was surrounded -by those whom he suspected of intending to poison him, and who were -daily seeking his death, of which he had received certain knowledge.</p> - -<p>The count thought that the anger of his father had its origin in three -things: first, because the count did not love the lord de Croy, for -reasons which he had before declared to the duke his father, in the -presence of the said lord de Croy; and that he had now less cause to -love him than before, for through him and his friends he had procured -that the king of France should regain the country and towns that had -been mortgaged on the Somme, to the great prejudice of himself and his -heirs after him,—which, besides, ought not to have been done, as the -king had not fulfilled various articles of the treaty of Arras.</p> - -<p>The second reason might, perhaps, be his having retained in his -household the archdeacon of Avalon<a name="FNanchor_28_28" id="FNanchor_28_28"></a><a href="#Footnote_28_28" class="fnanchor">[28]</a>, after he had left<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_144" id="Page_144">[Pg 144]</a></span> the service -of the count d'Estampes, which ought not to have troubled his father -if he were acquainted with the cause, which he was ready to tell him -whenever he should be pleased to hear it.</p> - -<p>The third was, as the count imagined, because when the duke's archers -had been sent into Holland to seek master Anthony Michel, he had him -rescued out of their hands, but without the knowledge of the said -count, who, if he knew where the said master Anthony was, would send -him a prisoner to the duke.</p> - -<p>The three estates having listened to the above, the duke gave -them permission to retire home until he should summon them again, -which would be very shortly after. The greater part returned home; -but several remained in Bruges to attempt the bringing about a -reconciliation between the father and the son,—and in this number was -a very noble clerk, who was exceedingly anxious to succeed in it, the -abbot of Citeaux<a name="FNanchor_29_29" id="FNanchor_29_29"></a><a href="#Footnote_29_29" class="fnanchor">[29]</a>.</p> - -<p>On the re-assembling of the estates at - - - -<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_145" id="Page_145">[Pg 145]</a></span> - -Bruges, the count de Charolois came to Ghent, and was, soon after, -waited on by a deputation from them, with the bishop of Tournay and -other counsellors of the duke. The abbot of Citeaux addressed him as -the spokesman of the deputation, and having quoted many texts from the -Scriptures to prove the obedience a son owes a father, supplicated him -to submit in all humility to his father's will, and to dismiss certain -persons from his service, the better to please him. When the abbot had -ceased speaking, the bishop of Tournay cast himself on his knees before -the count, and eloquently pressed him to comply with the proposals of -the abbot,—saying, that he was not come to him as the servant of his -father, but as bishop of Tournay, to bring about a reconciliation, -if possible, and to prevent the many and grievous evils that might -arise from their discord. The count here interrupted him, and said, -that if he had not been the servant of the lord his father, he would -never have risen to his present rank. Then turning to the deputies, he -told them, that in their propositions they had only touched on master -Anthony Michel, but<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_146" id="Page_146">[Pg 146]</a></span> now they were changing their ground; and he did -not believe that the abbot de Citeaux had been commissioned by them -to make him such requests. But the deputies avowed what the abbot had -said, declaring he had been so charged by them, and that in obedience -to his pleasure they were thus come to the town of Ghent. The count -then pulled off his cap, bowed to them, and said, he was very happy -they were come, and thanked them, as his most faithful friends, for the -pain, trouble, and affection they had thus shown him, which he should -never forget, but would loudly acknowledge it in all the countries -whence the deputies were come.</p> - -<p>In return for the warm affection they had shown him, he would not -conceal his mind from them, but truly inform them of all the crimes and -artifices that had been committed and practised by the lord de Croy -and his adherents. In the first place, he said, that when he was last -with the lord his father (the countess of Charolois, his lady, being -then very ill), the lord de Croy had said, that if he were not afraid -of vexing her, he would make him his prisoner,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_147" id="Page_147">[Pg 147]</a></span> and place him in such -security that he should be disabled from doing him or any one else -mischief.</p> - -<p>Item, the lord de Croy had told a worthy gentleman of the name of Pius, -that he cared not for him (the count de Charolois), for that he had -nine hundred knights and esquires, who had sworn to serve him until -death.</p> - -<p>Item, the lord de Croy had said publicly, on seeing the count return to -court, 'Here is this great devil coming! so long as he lives, we shall -not succeed at court.'</p> - -<p>Item, the lord de Croy had declared, on his (the count's) retreat to -Holland, that he was much afraid of him,—but that, when he should be -inclined to hurt him, he would not be safer in Holland than elsewhere, -for that he was like a gaufre between two irons.</p> - -<p>Item, the lord de Croy had boasted, that, should a struggle arise -between him and the count, he was sure of being assisted by all in -Artois, as the whole country was at his command,—adding, 'What does -my lord de Charolois mean to do? Whence does he expect aid? Does he -expect it from the Flemings, or the Brabanters? if<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_148" id="Page_148">[Pg 148]</a></span> he does, he will -find himself mistaken,—for they will abandon him, as they have before -abandoned their lord.' 'This I do not believe,' said the count, 'for I -consider them as my true and loyal friends,—nor have I the least doubt -of the affections of those in Artois and Picardy.'</p> - -<p>Item, that the lord de Croy had sent to the provost of Watten<a name="FNanchor_30_30" id="FNanchor_30_30"></a><a href="#Footnote_30_30" class="fnanchor">[30]</a> the -horoscope of his nativity, and that the provost, on examination, had -given it as his opinion, that the person to whom it belonged would be -miserably unfortunate, and that the greatest misfortunes would befal -him,—all of which he had related to the duke, his father, to incense -him more against him.</p> - -<p>Item, he had also desired the provost of Watten to manage so that the -duke his father might always hate him, and keep at a distance from his -person.</p> - -<p>Item, that he had sufficient evidence that the lord de Croy sought -his death by sorcery and other wicked means; that he had caused to be -made six images—three in the form of men, and three in the form<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_149" id="Page_149">[Pg 149]</a></span> of -women—on which were written the name of the devil called Belial, and -the name of him whom they were pointed at, with some other names: these -images were to serve three purposes; first, to obtain favour from him -to whom the image was addressed; secondly, to cause him to be hated -by whomsoever they should please; and thirdly, to keep the person -addressed in a languishing state of health so long as they chose: that -these images had been baptised by a bishop, prior of Morocq<a name="FNanchor_31_31" id="FNanchor_31_31"></a><a href="#Footnote_31_31" class="fnanchor">[31]</a> in -Burgundy; and that the makers of these images had been two or three -servants of the count d'Estampes,—one of whom was his physician, whom -the count d'Estampes had sent prisoner to him, as his justification, -and to exculpate himself. Then the count concluded by saying to the -deputies, 'My friends, do not think that I have any distrust of you, -if I name not all the accomplices of those who have sought my death: -I abstain from doing so merely to save their honours, and from the -horror you would feel were I to name them. I again thank<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_150" id="Page_150">[Pg 150]</a></span> you for -your diligent affection, and beg that you would consult together and -advise me how to act; for I am sure you would be displeased, should -any misfortune happen unto me by my throwing myself into the hands of -my enemies. By them I will not be governed, but by good and faithful -servants. I entreat, therefore, that you will deliberate maturely on -what I have said, for I will not depart hence until I shall have had -your answer. May God grant that it may be as satisfactory as I have -confidence in you!'</p> - -<div class="footnotes"><p class="ph3">FOOTNOTES:</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_28_28" id="Footnote_28_28"></a><a href="#FNanchor_28_28"><span class="label">[28]</span></a> Avalon,—a town in Burgundy, 11 leagues from Auxerre.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_29_29" id="Footnote_29_29"></a><a href="#FNanchor_29_29"><span class="label">[29]</span></a> Citeaux,—an abbey in the diocese of Châlous-sur-Saone, -near Nuits.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_30_30" id="Footnote_30_30"></a><a href="#FNanchor_30_30"><span class="label">[30]</span></a> Watten,—a town in Flanders, near St Omer.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_31_31" id="Footnote_31_31"></a><a href="#FNanchor_31_31"><span class="label">[31]</span></a> Morocq. Q.</p></div></div> - -<hr class="chap" /> - - - - -<p class="ph2"><a name="CHAP_XXVI" id="CHAP_XXVI">CHAP. XXVI.</a></p> - -<blockquote> - -<p>THE ANSWER OF THE DEPUTIES OF THE ESTATES OF FLANDERS TO THE COUNT -DE CHAROLOIS.—PEACE RESTORED BETWEEN HIM AND HIS FATHER THE DUKE OF -BURGUNDY.—THE KING OF FRANCE COMES TO ARRAS AND TO TOURNAY.</p></blockquote> - - -<p class="drop"><span class="uppercase">When</span> the count de Charolois had thus spoken to the deputies from the -three estates, they retired together into a chamber<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_151" id="Page_151">[Pg 151]</a></span> apart, and there -concluded on the answer they should make him. They then returned to -his presence, and cast themselves on their knees, but he made them -instantly arise; and the abbot de Citeaux spoke for the rest, and -said, that they had fully considered all he had stated to them, and -were unanimously of opinion to request him most humbly to regain the -good graces and favour of his lord and father, by returning instantly -to him, to avoid the evils that would ensue upon their discords. With -regard to those he thought his enemies, God had hitherto preserved him -from their snares, and would still do so, in consequence of the earnest -prayers that all his future subjects would offer up to him for the -purpose; and that when his father should see him return, his joy would -be so great that he would sufficiently guard him against them. They -entreated that, at this time, he would leave certain of his attendants -behind, without formally dismissing them, which they thought would -be an effectual method of regaining his father's good opinion: they -offered, likewise, to exert their utmost power to obtain this desirable -end.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_152" id="Page_152">[Pg 152]</a></span></p> - -<p>The count, in reply, thanked them all, and said, that from love to -God, to my lord his father, and themselves, he would comply with their -request, and follow their advice,—desiring them, at the same time, to -accompany him when he presented himself to his father, and that they -would entreat him to restore his servants to his favour. This they -willingly promised.</p> - -<p>On the Monday following, the count de Charolois, accompanied by a great -number of knights, esquires, and these deputies, set out from Ghent for -Bruges,—and the principal persons of the duke's household, together -with the magistracy of the town, and burghers, came out to meet him. -He dismounted at the palace of the duke, and advanced to the presence -chamber, where, on seeing the duke, he made three genuflections, and, -at the third, said, 'My most redoubted lord and father, I have been -told that you are displeased with me for three things, (and then stated -these as he had done to the deputies, and made similar excuses): -however, if in any of these things I have vexed or angered you, I crave -your pardon.'</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_153" id="Page_153">[Pg 153]</a></span></p> - -<p>The duke answered, 'Of all your excuses, I know full well the grounds: -say no more on the subject; but, since you are come to seek our mercy, -be a good son, and I will be a good father:' he then took him by the -hand, and granted him his full pardon. The deputies now retired, -greatly rejoiced at the reconciliation that had taken place; and the -duke then dismissed them, with orders to re-assemble on the 8th of the -ensuing March.</p> - -<p>On the day of this reconciliation, the lord de Croy set out very early -in the morning from Bruges for Tournay, where king Louis of France then -resided.</p> - -<p>In this and the following year, corn and all other grain were so cheap -in the country of Artois that the oldest persons never remembered them -at such low prices.</p> - -<p>On the 24th of January, king Louis of France came to the city of -Arras<a name="FNanchor_32_32" id="FNanchor_32_32"></a><a href="#Footnote_32_32" class="fnanchor">[32]</a>, where he was most honourably received by the clergy and -inhabitants. He dismounted at the gate, and walked on foot to the -church<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_154" id="Page_154">[Pg 154]</a></span> of our Lady, where he paid his devotions, and then took up -his lodgings at the house of the official, which was a good but small -house,—and refused to go to the bishop's palace, although large and -convenient; but it was the king's custom to prefer small lodgings to -greater.</p> - -<p>There were with the king his brother the duke of Berry, the count of -Eu, the prince of Piedmont, and some few other nobles. He would not -permit any of them to lodge in the town, because the inhabitants would -not suffer his harbingers to mark any lodgings until all the inns -were filled,—and these inns could hold from four to five thousand -horse,—which behaviour was displeasing to the king; and he remained -in the city from the Monday to Saturday, without entering the town of -Arras until he had seen and had examined the privileges of this town of -Arras.</p> - -<p>When he entered the town on the Saturday, he found at the gate great -numbers of people who had been banished thence, who requested that -he would restore them to their rights, on his joyous arrival; but he -replied,—'Children, you<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_155" id="Page_155">[Pg 155]</a></span> require from me a grace that is not usual -for the kings of France to grant, and therefore do not depend on my -doing it; for I will not invade the privileges of our fair uncle of -Burgundy.' This was all they could obtain from him. He proceeded to -hear high mass at the church of St Vaast, which being over, he returned -to dinner in the city.</p> - -<p>On the next day, Sunday, the king of France again visited the town of -Arras, and examined, at his leisure, the abbey of St Vaast and all its -buildings. He thence went to the market-place; and as he was returning -by the church of St Guy, where the white bell and the town-clock were, -a locksmith, who had the care of this bell, made it sound on the king's -approach, and descended from the steeple in armour, when he seized the -king's horse, like a clown as he was, and demanded money to drink. The -king, seeing an armed man thus seize his horse, was somewhat startled -at first: nevertheless, he ordered money to be given him, and forgave -his misbehaviour to him. Had not the king pardoned him, he would,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_156" id="Page_156">[Pg 156]</a></span> -probably, have paid the forfeit of his life for his folly.</p> - -<p>While this man was descending from the steeple, some children striking -the bell too hardly broke it, which was a great loss to the town,—for -it was the largest and handsomest bell that could be seen: it weighed -from seventeen to eighteen thousand pounds of metal!</p> - -<p>The king went into the plain to see the spot where the king his -grandfather was encamped, when he besieged Arras, in the year 1414. -Thence he returned to the city; and on the morrow departed suddenly, -according to his custom, and was followed by his attendants to Tournay, -where he was most honourably received,—for upward of three thousand -men came out to meet him dressed in white, with a border of flowers de -luce round their robes.</p> - -<p>At the gate was a model, in paper, of a castle, similar to the -fortifications of Tournay, which was presented to the king with the -keys of the town. From the top of the gate, a virgin (the handsomest -girl in the town) descended by machinery, and after saluting the king, -threw aside the robe<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_157" id="Page_157">[Pg 157]</a></span> from her breast, and displayed a well-made -heart, which burst open, and there came out a golden flower de luce, -of great value, which she gave to the king, in the name of the town, -saying, 'Sire, I am a virgin, and so is this town,—for it has never -been taken, nor has it ever turned from its allegiance to the kings of -France,—for all the inhabitants thereof have a flower de luce in their -hearts.'</p> - -<p>The king saw many pageants and histories represented in the streets he -passed through,—and he took his lodgings at the house of a canon. From -Tournay he went to Lille, where he arrived the 18th of February, then -the fourth day of Lent.</p> - -<p>The duke of Burgundy came to Lille on the eve of the first Sunday in -Lent, to wait on the king,—and from that day to the Friday following -there were splendid tiltings and other amusements. During their -residence at Lille, the king remonstrated personally, and by the means -of others, so effectually with the duke, on his intended expedition, -that he postponed it for one whole year; when the king promised to -give him ten thousand combatants, paid<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_158" id="Page_158">[Pg 158]</a></span> for four months, to attend him -whither he should be then pleased to go. It was also said, that the -king of England would aid him with a great body of archers. By this -means was the expedition to Turkey broken off, to the displeasure of -the duke of Burgundy, whose whole desire was to go there for once.</p> - -<p>When this was settled, the king departed from Lille on his return to -France, and found at St Cloud the duke of Savoy, quite debilitated with -the gout, and his eldest son, who were there waiting for him. It was -rumoured, that they were very unpopular in Savoy, by reason of their -not conducting themselves according to the wishes of their people; and -that they had chosen the duke's third son, Philip, for their lord, who -was reported to be wise, subtle, and valiant in arms.</p> - - - -<div class="footnotes"><p class="ph3">FOOTNOTES:</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_32_32" id="Footnote_32_32"></a><a href="#FNanchor_32_32"><span class="label">[32]</span></a> Arras—is divided into two parts: the cité being the -older, and la ville the new town. -</p> -<p> -See <i>Martiniere's Dictionary</i></p></div></div> - - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_159" id="Page_159">[Pg 159]</a></span></p> - -<p class="ph2">[<span class="smcap">A.D.</span> 1464.]</p> - -<p class="ph2"><a name="CHAP_XXVII" id="CHAP_XXVII">CHAP. XXVII.</a></p> - -<blockquote> - -<p>OF THE EXPEDITION OF THE BASTARD OF BURGUNDY.—THE KING OF FRANCE -DETAINS PRISONER PHILIP OF SAVOY, NOTWITHSTANDING HE HAD GIVEN HIM A -SAFE CONDUCT.—THE COUNT DE ST POL PACIFIES THE KING OF FRANCE.—A -BATTLE SHORTLY NOTICED TO HAVE TAKEN PLACE IN ENGLAND.—OTHER MATTERS.</p></blockquote> - - -<p class="drop"><span class="uppercase">On</span> the 18th day of March, in the year 1463, the duke of Burgundy, -dissatisfied that the king had prevailed on him to retard his -expedition to Turkey, assembled the three estates of his country at -Lille, and there told them, that the king of France had induced him to -delay going to the east for one year; but that in order that the pope, -and the other Christian princes, might be satisfied with him, he had -the intention of sending thither his bastard Anthony, with two thousand -combatants, accompanied by Baldwin his other bastard, then<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_160" id="Page_160">[Pg 160]</a></span> about -eighteen years old; and that, should it please God, and he be neither -dead nor ill, he would be in person in Turkey by St John's day, in the -year 1465, with the largest army he could possibly assemble.</p> - -<p>The king of France, at this time, sent a third summons for the count de -St Pol to appear in person before him, or take the consequences, and -sent him a passport. The count, fearing he should be banished if he -further disobeyed, determined to go to the king; and on his arrival, he -met with so many zealous friends at court that the king received him -with much pleasure, and his peace was made,—and he did homage for the -lands he held under the king. It was said at the time, that king Louis -required that he would no longer serve the count de Charolois,—but -that he had replied in excuse, that it was impossible for him to comply -with this requisition, as he was under obligations, by faith and oath, -to the count de Charolois, and could not break them.</p> - -<p>Soon after Easter, in the year 1464, at the command of the king of -France, Philip of Savoy, third son to the duke of<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_161" id="Page_161">[Pg 161]</a></span> Savoy, set out -to wait on him. The king had sent to him his first equerry, with -credential letters, to desire that he would accompany him to France. -These letters were signed by the king himself, and displayed by the -equerry, who assured him, in the king's name, that he should come and -return in perfect safety.</p> - -<p>Notwithstanding this, on his near approach to the king, he was -arrested, and carried prisoner to the castle of Loches, in Touraine, -a very strong castle, wherein he remained confined two whole years. I -know not the cause of this, if it were not that the king was envious -that he had greater command in Savoy than the duke, and that the people -more willingly obeyed him than the duke. However, at the end of two -years, the king, of his own accord, had him set at liberty.</p> - -<p>At this time, Charles count de Nevers departed this life, without -leaving male heirs, and was therefore succeeded in his counties of -Nevers, Rethel, and other places, by his brother John.</p> - -<p>The 20th of May, being Whitsunday, Anthony bastard of Burgundy, with -other<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_162" id="Page_162">[Pg 162]</a></span> knights and esquires of the duke of Burgundy's household, put on -the cross previous to their expedition against the infidels; and on the -morrow they embarked at Sluys, in the presence of the duke. They were, -in the whole, two thousand combatants; and the duke gave sir Anthony, -this day, to defray the expenses of his voyage, one hundred thousand -golden crowns, besides the county of la Roche and other lands.</p> - -<p>On occasion of this croisade, numbers of young persons in different -parts of Christendom had put on the cross, to march against the Turks, -and had taken their road to Rome. But as they went without any order or -leader, some ten, some twenty at a time, their intentions failed, and -they returned home, although they would have made a respectable figure -from their numbers, had they been in one body,—but God would not, for -this time, permit it.</p> - -<p>In this same month of May, another battle<a name="FNanchor_33_33" id="FNanchor_33_33"></a><a href="#Footnote_33_33" class="fnanchor">[33]</a> was fought in England, -between the army of king Edward, under the com<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_163" id="Page_163">[Pg 163]</a></span>mand of the earl of -Warwick, and that of king Henry, commanded by the duke of Somerset, in -the hopes of recovering the kingdom forking Henry, although in breach -of his treaty with king Edward, who had pardoned him, and restored -his lands and honours; but ill fortune attended him,—for he lost -the battle, and his men were either killed or taken: he himself was -made prisoner, and brought to Edward, who instantly ordered him to be -beheaded.</p> - -<p>On the 2d day of June, the count de Charolois came to Lille, grandly -attended by the nobles of the country, to wait on the duke his father, -who was then displeased with him; but the lord de Saveuses interfered -with the duke, so that he spoke to his son, and forgave him. It was -said, that the count addressed himself to the lord de Croy, and said, -that when he should behave to him in the manner he ought, he would be -a good lord to him. He could not, however, at this moment, regain the -pension he was wont to receive from his father.</p> - -<p>The 20th day of June, Pierre Louvain, one of the king's captains, and -under<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_164" id="Page_164">[Pg 164]</a></span> his protection, was murdered by sir Raoul de Flavy, lord of -Rubencourt, in revenge for the death of his brother William de Flavy, -who had been put to death by his wife, with the knowledge, as was said, -of Pierre Louvain: but no harm whatever was done to those that were in -company with the said Pierre Louvain at the time of his death.</p> - -<p>The wife of William de Flavy, who was of a noble family, caused her -husband's throat to be cut by his barber while he was shaving him; but -as he did not cut the throat quite through, she seized the same razor, -and completed it,—which was an extraordinary circumstance, as she had -had a fine son by him. In excuse for this her strange conduct, it must -be said, that he was harsh and rough in his behaviour to her, and kept -women of bad fame in the house, with whom he lay, to the neglect of his -wife, who was young and handsome: he had also imprisoned her father, -and kept him so long in confinement that he died in prison.</p> - -<p>On the 15th of June, in this year, an extraordinary event happened at -the palace<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_165" id="Page_165">[Pg 165]</a></span> at Paris, during the pleading of a cause between the bishop -of Angers and a rich burgher of that town. The bishop had accused him -of heresy and usury, and maintained that he had said, in the presence -of many persons of honour, that he did not believe there was a God, -a devil, a paradise, or a hell. It happened, that while the bishop's -advocate was repeating the above words, as having been said by the -burgher, the hall they were pleading in shook very much, and a large -stone fell down in the midst, but without hurting any one. However, -all the persons present were exceedingly frightened, and left the -hall, as the cause had been deferred to the next day: but when the -pleading recommenced, the room shook as before,—and one of the beams -slipt out of the mortise, and sunk two feet, without falling entirely -down, which caused so great an alarm, lest the whole roof should fall -and crush them, that they ran out in such haste that some left behind -them their caps, others their hoods and shoes; and there were no more -pleadings held in this chamber until it had been completely repaired -and strengthened!</p> - - - - - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_166" id="Page_166">[Pg 166]</a></span></p> - -<div class="footnotes"><p class="ph3">FOOTNOTES:</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_33_33" id="Footnote_33_33"></a><a href="#FNanchor_33_33"><span class="label">[33]</span></a> The battle of Hexham.</p></div></div> - - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<p class="ph2"><a name="CHAP_XXVIII" id="CHAP_XXVIII">CHAP. XXVIII.</a></p> - -<blockquote> - -<p>THE KING OF FRANCE COMES TO HÊDIN A SECOND TIME.—WHAT PASSED AT THE -MEETING BETWEEN HIM AND THE DUKE OF BURGUNDY.—THE DEATH OF POPE PIUS -II.</p></blockquote> - - -<p class="drop"><span class="uppercase">The</span> king of France came again to Amiens in the month of June in this -year, and went thence to St Pol, where he met the duke of Burgundy.</p> - -<p>After the count had grandly feasted them, they went together to Hêdin, -where the duke entertained them nobly. During their stay at Hêdin, an -ambassador arrived from king Edward, to whom the duke gave a handsome -reception.</p> - -<p>The common rumour was, that, at this meeting, the king of France -required of the duke that he should restore to him the castlewicks of -Lille, Douay, and Orchies, in consideration of two hundred thousand -livres in cash, and ten thousand livres a-year that he would pay -him,—for which sums they had been pledged by a king of<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_167" id="Page_167">[Pg 167]</a></span> France to an -earl of Flanders. The duke replied, that when his grandfather duke -Philip of Burgundy, son to king John of France, married the lady -Margaret, heiress to the earl of Flanders, these castlewicks were given -him by the king of France, to be enjoyed by him and his heirs-male for -ever,—-but that, should there be no male heirs, these castlewicks were -to be restored to the crown, on payment of the above sums to the earl -of Flanders. The king, as was said, made other requests to the duke, -who granted none of them, as he thought them unreasonable.</p> - -<p>The duke, on his part, made three requests to the king: first, that -he would have in his good graces the count de Charolois, having heard -that the king was displeased with him. Secondly, that he would desist -from constraining such of the nobility as held fiefs under the crown -from taking any other but the usual oaths,—for some of the nobles had -been forced to make oath to serve him against all other men whatever. -Thirdly, that he would finish and fulfil all that he had promised and -sworn to respecting various articles of<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_168" id="Page_168">[Pg 168]</a></span> the treaty of Arras, at the -time he made his payment for the recovery of the towns on the Somme. To -all which requests the king evaded giving any positive answer, and the -next day departed from Hêdin, for Abbeville and Rouen. Shortly after, -namely, about the end of July, the king returned to Nouvion, a village -near the forest of Cressy, where he staid some time; but though the -duke was still at Hêdin, they no longer visited each other,—but the -lord de Croy went often to talk with the king, and then returned to -Hêdin.</p> - -<p>While the duke was at Hêdin, he hanged on a gibbet a gentleman called -Jean de l'Esquerre, for many heavy crimes of which he had been guilty, -notwithstanding that he was one of the most valiant men in the county -of Artois, and that his friends made urgent requests to save him; but -all they could obtain was liberty to take his body from the gibbet, and -inter it in the church of the Cordeliers at Hêdin.</p> - -<p>On the 15th of August, this year, died pope Pius; and on the day of his -decease the lightning struck many places in the neighbourhood of Rome, -and did great<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_169" id="Page_169">[Pg 169]</a></span> damage: of this event, people spoke differently. After -the death of pope Pius II. pope Paul II.<a name="FNanchor_34_34" id="FNanchor_34_34"></a><a href="#Footnote_34_34" class="fnanchor">[34]</a> as elected in his room.</p> - -<div class="footnotes"><p class="ph3">FOOTNOTES:</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_34_34" id="Footnote_34_34"></a><a href="#FNanchor_34_34"><span class="label">[34]</span></a> Paul II. Pietro Barbo, a Venetian.</p></div> -</div> -<hr class="chap" /> - - -<p class="ph2"><a name="CHAP_XXIX" id="CHAP_XXIX">CHAP. XXIX.</a></p> - -<blockquote> - -<p>THE BASTARD DE REUBEMPRÉ IS SENT TO HOLLAND, TO ATTEMPT TO TAKE THE -COUNT DE CHAROLOIS.—HE IS ARRESTED HIMSELF.</p></blockquote> - - -<p class="drop"><span class="uppercase">During</span> the king of France's stay at Hêdin, the bastard de Reubempré was -ordered, by I know not whom, to embark on board a vessel of war, called -a ballenier,<a name="FNanchor_35_35" id="FNanchor_35_35"></a><a href="#Footnote_35_35" class="fnanchor">[35]</a> at Crotoy, with forty picked men, of good courage, and -to sail for Holland, where the count de Charolois then resided. None -of the crew knew whither the bastard intended to carry them, nor what -orders he was charged with, except that they were told they must follow -him wherever he should choose to lead them, and implicitly obey his -commands.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_170" id="Page_170">[Pg 170]</a></span></p> - -<p>The bastard, on his arrival at a port in Holland, left his vessel -at anchor, and, taking with him three or four of his most trusty -companions, advanced within a league of the town in which the count de -Charolois was. But notwithstanding the great care he took to proceed -as secretly as possible, he was nevertheless discovered while drinking -at an alehouse, and the count informed thereof, who caused him and his -companions to be arrested and put into prison. The companions were soon -after set at liberty, and the bastard remained alone in confinement. -The count dispatched officers to seize the vessel and crew; but they -had heard of their captain's ill luck, and had put to sea instantly to -return to Crotoy.</p> - -<p>It was currently reported at the time, that the king of France had -ordered the bastard de Reubempré, by letters written with his own hand, -and signed by him, to seize the count de Charolois, and bring him to -him dead or alive. This plan was laid while the king was at Hêdin, and -while he had a powerful army on the Somme; and had it succeeded, he -would have made prisoner good duke Philip, who was far<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_171" id="Page_171">[Pg 171]</a></span> from suspecting -any thing of the kind, and would have had him led about in his train, -like to the duke of Savoy, his brother-in-law, until he should have -married the only child of the count de Charolois (a damsel not more -than seven or eight years old) to whomsoever he pleased, and should -have divided the territories of the duke,—namely, the duchy of Brabant -to the count de Nevers, and the rest among his favourites at his -pleasure.</p> - -<p>But God, who knows the hearts of men, would not permit so great ruin -to fall on the noble house of Burgundy, which is the fairest, firmest, -and strongest pillar of the French crown! May God, of his especial -grace, always keep the two noble houses of France and Burgundy in peace -and good harmony! Although I have now written down what was the common -report of the time, I can never believe the king of France capable of -imagining such schemes of wickedness, against the illustrious house of -Burgundy, considering the great honours and services he had received so -lately from the heads of it.</p> - -<p>As soon as the bastard de Reubempré<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_172" id="Page_172">[Pg 172]</a></span> was arrested, and had confessed -his guilt to the count de St Pol, then in Holland, he was put under -close confinement; and the count de Charolois sent information of -what had passed to his father, then at Hêdin, where he had grandly -entertained the queen of France, who had come to visit him from -Abbeville and Nouvion.—At this time, the duke of Bourbon waited on the -king at Abbeville, in whose good graces he was not, from the report -that he, the duke of Brittany, and the count de Charolois had formed -a triple alliance, and had mutually sworn to assist each other with -the utmost of their power, should the king make any attempts on their -persons or property.</p> - -<p>Soon afterward, namely, on the 10th of October, the duke of Burgundy -received letters from the king, to say, that he would come and see him -at Hêdin on the following day. This same day, while at dinner, he had -the information from his son of the imprisonment and confessions of the -bastard de Reubempré, and also a warning that he was not safe at Hêdin. -On hearing this, as soon as he had dined, he instantly mounted his -horse, and rode off sud<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_173" id="Page_173">[Pg 173]</a></span>denly from Hêdin to St Pol, where he lay. His -attendants followed him thither, leaving for the defence of the town -and castle of Hêdin, sir Adolphus of Cleves and the lord de Crequy. The -duke, nevertheless, ordered them, if the king came thither, to throw -open the gates of the town and castle to him. But the king no sooner -learnt that the duke had so suddenly quitted Hêdin than he departed -from Abbeville; and the duke of Bourbon came to Lille, to the duke his -uncle, passing through Hêdin. From Lille he waited on the count de -Charolois at Ghent, and was nobly entertained, at Lille and Ghent, by -the father and son.</p> - - - -<div class="footnotes"><p class="ph3">FOOTNOTES:</p> - - - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_35_35" id="Footnote_35_35"></a><a href="#FNanchor_35_35"><span class="label">[35]</span></a> Ballenier,—a corsair—privateer. <span class="smcap">Du Cange</span>, -<i>Gloss.</i></p></div></div> - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_174" id="Page_174">[Pg 174]</a></span></p> - - -<p class="ph2"><a name="CHAP_XXX" id="CHAP_XXX">CHAP. XXX.</a></p> - -<blockquote> - -<p>THE KING OF FRANCE SUMMONS DEPUTIES FROM THE TOWNS ON THE SOMME, AND -FROM OTHER PLACES TO COME BEFORE HIM.—HIS HARANGUES TO THEM.—HE -APPOINTS THE COUNT DE NEVERS GOVERNOR OF PICARDY,—AND SENDS AN -EMBASSY TO THE DUKE OF BURGUNDY, AT LILLE.</p></blockquote> - - -<p class="drop"><span class="uppercase">The</span> king, on his arrival at Rouen, summoned those of Tournay, and -of all the towns regained on the Somme, to appear before him; and -all of them sent deputies, excepting Cambray. He harangued them, by -the mouth of his chancellor, on the reports that were current every -where, through the territories of Burgundy, and which had vexed him -exceedingly, that he had sent the bastard de Reubempré to Holland, to -seize the count de Charolois and bring him to him, for which there -was not any foundation. True it was, that the duke of Brittany was -not so obedient to him as he ought to have been, and had sent his -vice-chan<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_175" id="Page_175">[Pg 175]</a></span>cellor to England, to form an alliance with his ancient -enemies the English, which he should not have done without his -permission; and for this reason he had sent the bastard de Reubempré -into Holland, to seize the vice-chancellor of Brittany (if it could be -done) as he was returning from England through Holland.</p> - -<p>He added, that a preacher had publicly declared from the pulpit at -Bruges, where Christians assemble from all parts of the world, that he -had purposely sent the said bastard to lay hands on the said count, a -thing he had never once thought of, and it was his intention to punish -most severely all who should spread tales so disgraceful to his honour.</p> - -<p>The chancellor concluded by telling them, that the king had thus called -them together, to inform them, that he had appointed the count de -Nevers his lieutenant and captain-general of all the lately-regained -countries, as far as the river Loire, to oppose his ancient enemies, -should they make any attempts to invade his kingdom, commanding them, -at the same time, to yield obedience to the count de Nevers, as<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_176" id="Page_176">[Pg 176]</a></span> to -his own proper person. After this harangue, the deputies returned home -again.</p> - -<p>The count de Charolois, accompanied by four score or a hundred knights -and gentlemen, and fully six hundred horse, arrived at Lille on the -4th of November, which caused great joy throughout that town, and the -children sang carols in all the streets. On dismounting, he waited on -his father, who received him with much pleasure. The next day came to -Lille, the count d'Eu, the chancellor of France, and the archbishop of -Narbonne, as ambassadors from the king of France, with a noble company -of attendants.<a name="FNanchor_36_36" id="FNanchor_36_36"></a><a href="#Footnote_36_36" class="fnanchor">[36]</a></p> - - - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_177" id="Page_177">[Pg 177]</a></span></p> - -<p>The day following, they had an audience of the duke, to whom, in the -presence of the count de Charolois, the chancellor displayed their -commission from the king, to remonstrate with the duke on three -subjects:</p> - -<p>First, the king demanded to have the bastard de Reubempré, then a -prisoner in Holland, given up to him.</p> - -<p>Secondly, the king demanded satisfaction for the words that had been -uttered to his dishonour, as to the cause of the imprisonment of the -said bastard.</p> - -<p>Thirdly, that the duke of Burgundy should send to the king a gentleman -of the household of the count de Charolois, called Olivier de la -Marche, by whom the words aforesaid were first published,—and also the -preacher who had uttered the same from his pulpit at Bruges, for him to -inflict on them such punishments as their crimes were deserving of.</p> - -<p>The chancellor, by way of excusing the king of France for sending -the said bastard to Holland, declared that it was done to arrest -the vice-chancellor of Brittany on his return from England; and<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_178" id="Page_178">[Pg 178]</a></span> -added, that the count de Charolois had greatly offended the king by -imprisoning the said bastard, and thus preventing him from fulfilling -his orders.</p> - -<p>At these words, the count de Charolois fell on his knees before the -duke, and besought him to permit him to answer what had been just said, -for that it greatly affected his honour; observing, that if it pleased -God to keep him in his (the duke's) good favour, there was not a man -on earth he feared but him, who was his father and lord, and that he -marvelled much why the king was thus pressing him. The chancellor of -France then said, that they were not charged by the king to make any -reply to the count de Charolois; and the duke told his son to desist -from saying more until another time. This command the count obeyed, -like a good son, but sore against his will.</p> - -<p>The chancellor, continuing his harangue, said, that the king had been -greatly surprised that the duke so suddenly left Hêdin, as he had said -he would not depart thence until he had spoken with the king, nor<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_179" id="Page_179">[Pg 179]</a></span> -without his leave,—and he was wont to be punctual to his word.</p> - -<p>The duke allowed the chancellor to finish all he had to say, without -further interruption, and then replied, article by article: first, -then, as to what was said of his son being suspicious, he said, -that, if he was suspicious, he had it not from him, for he had never -in his life been doubtful of man or prince whatever; and if he had -that character, he had it from his mother, who was ever jealous lest -he should love any other woman but her. With regard to giving up -the bastard of Reubempré, he would not do it, as he was arrested in -Holland, of which he, the duke, was sovereign by sea and land, without -acknowledging other lord but God, and in or on that country the king -has not the smallest right or claim. The bastard had been imprisoned -there for crimes which would be judged in that country, and punished -according to its laws. He had been always esteemed of a wicked and -loose character, and guilty of murder and other crimes.</p> - -<p>Respecting Olivier de la Marche, whom the king would have sent to -him, for having<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_180" id="Page_180">[Pg 180]</a></span> first uttered the words the king complains of and -the preacher who published them from the pulpit at Bruges,—the duke -replied, that the preacher was a churchman whom he would not touch, as -it was unbecoming him so to do; and that there be preachers who are -neither wise nor prudent, and who go from place to place, so that no -one knows where to find them; 'but for my part,' he continued, 'I do -not believe that any preacher has preached such language. As to Olivier -de la Marche, he is of the household of my son; and I do not think that -he has done any thing but what he ought to have done or said: should it -be otherwise, I shall make proper inquiries, and punish him according -to his deserts.</p> - -<p>'With regard to not keeping my word, I will that all the world know -that I have never promised any thing by my mouth to any one alive, -but what I have kept to the very utmost of my power.' This he said -rather in a passion; and then, smiling, he said, 'I never failed in my -promises but to the ladies, and wish that you may know it; and tell my -lord your king, that when I last took leave of him, I indeed<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_181" id="Page_181">[Pg 181]</a></span> said, -that if affairs, or any other matters, did not require my presence -elsewhere, I should not quit Hêdin until I saw him again, if he wished -it; this, and nothing else, did I promise him. Now at the moment of -my setting out, news was brought me of the arrest of the bastard de -Reubempré, and of other affairs, that made my departure necessary; but -I made no very great haste,—for I only travelled four leagues a day -until I came to Lille.'</p> - -<p>The chancellor of France then said, that considering the great respect -and affection he had always borne to the crown of France, and the -marked attention the king had shown by selecting for this embassy his -relative, the count d'Eu, and himself, who was chancellor of France, -he hoped the bastard of Reubempré would be given up, and begged of the -duke to weigh this in his mind.</p> - -<p>The duke instantly replied, that, in truth, he had ever exerted himself -to pay the king every honour and love; 'but of all the things I have -asked,' added he, 'he has not only never granted one, but he has failed -to keep the promises he made<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_182" id="Page_182">[Pg 182]</a></span> me. Of the lands which he has regained, -he promised me the enjoyment during my life; but no sooner were the -payments made than he forgot what he had promised, and deprived me of -the enjoyment of them, for which I am not the better.'</p> - -<p>At these words, master Pierre de Goux, knight and doctor of laws, -advanced, and said aloud to the ambassadors, that all might hear him, -'My lords, the duke, my lord, does not hold all his territories from -the king of France: he holds from him, indeed, the duchy of Burgundy, -the counties of Flanders and of Artois; but he has many fine dominions -out of the kingdom of France,—such as the duchies of Brabant, of -Luxembourg, of Lembourg, of Austria, together with the counties of -Burgundy, Hainault, Holland, Zealand and Namur, and other countries, -which he holds from God alone, although he be not a king.'</p> - -<p>The duke interrupted him, and said, 'I will that all who hear may know, -that if I had wished it, I might have been a king!' without declaring -how, or by what means, and then simply added, that before three days -were passed, he would give a<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_183" id="Page_183">[Pg 183]</a></span> more ample answer to the ambassadors. -They then departed to their lodgings; but on this day, the duke wrote -a letter to the king, and sent it by a pursuivant, who delivered it in -person, and brought the duke an answer from the king. The pursuivant -was not more than ten days in going and returning,—but what the -contents of these letters were I am ignorant.</p> - -<div class="footnotes"><p class="ph3">FOOTNOTES:</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_36_36" id="Footnote_36_36"></a><a href="#FNanchor_36_36"><span class="label">[36]</span></a> This embassy consisted of the count d'Eu, Charles -d'Artois, a prince of the blood, who had been twenty-three years -prisoner of war in England, Pierre de Morvillier, chancellor of -France,—and Anthony du Bec-Crespin, archbishop of Narbonne. -</p> -<p> -The count de Charolois was only restrained by the presence of his -father from using severe language; but when the ambassadors took their -leave, he said to the archbishop, who went out the last, 'Recommend me -most humbly to the good graces of the king, and tell him that he has -had me well dressed by his chancellor,—but that, before a year pass, -he shall repent of it!' -</p> -<p> -It was probably from these intemperate speeches of the chancellor that -the <i>war of the public good</i> had its origin.</p></div></div> - - - -<hr class="chap" /> -<p class="ph2"><a name="CHAP_XXXI" id="CHAP_XXXI">CHAP. XXXI.</a></p> - -<blockquote> - -<p>THE ANSWER OF THE COUNT DE CHAROLOIS TO THE AMBASSADORS FROM -FRANCE.—THE KING OF FRANCE ORDERS CREVECŒUR, NEAR CAMBRAY, TO BE -TAKEN POSSESSION OF.—THE DUKE OF BURGUNDY SENDS AN EMBASSY TO THE -KING OF FRANCE.—THE DEATH OF THE DUKE OF ORLEANS.</p></blockquote> - - -<p class="drop"><span class="uppercase">On</span> the 8th day of November, the French ambassadors were summoned to -come into the presence of the duke of Burgundy,—when the count de -Charolois, before a great company, coolly replied to the different<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_184" id="Page_184">[Pg 184]</a></span> -charges that had been made against him, article by article, without -showing the smallest sign of passion or trouble, to the great -astonishment of all who heard him,—more particularly to the surprise -of the duke, who, on the assembly's breaking up, said to some of his -confidential attendants, that he did not imagine his son was so able -and so prudent.</p> - -<p>The ambassadors returned to France, without having obtained any of -the articles they had demanded. They passed through Tournay, Arras, -and Amiens,—and in these and all the other towns on their road, -they assembled the magistracy, and told them, that the king was much -angered at the rumours which had been spread abroad of his intending to -seize the count de Charolois, which they affirmed the king had never -even thought of, and would have disdained to do it, and that he had -assured them of this from his own mouth. If, therefore, those who had -industriously circulated such reports should continue their calumnies, -the ambassadors ordered the magistrates to lay hands on them, that they -might be punished according to the pleasure of the king.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_185" id="Page_185">[Pg 185]</a></span></p> - -<p>The lords de Torcy and de Moy came, on the 15th November, to Crevecœur, -near Cambray, and took possession of the town and castle, by virtue of -letters-patent which they produced from king Louis, although, a short -time before, he had given it and its dependances to sir Anthony of -Burgundy, as an inheritance for himself and his heirs. The captain of -the castle made some show of resistance, and collected from sixteen to -twenty soldiers,—but he was so talked to by one and the other that he -agreed to surrender it. He was, however, carried away a prisoner to the -king, and, for some time, was in danger of his life,—but at length he -was sent back safe.</p> - -<p>About the festival of Christmas, the duke of Burgundy sent a notable -embassy to the king of France, consisting of the bishop of Tournay, -the lord de Crequy, and other nobles, who waited on the king at Tours -in Touraine, where he had assembled the princes and great lords of his -realm: the principal of them were the king of Sicily duke of Anjou, the -duke of Orleans, the counts de Nevers and de St Pol, with numbers of -others.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_186" id="Page_186">[Pg 186]</a></span></p> - -<p>When they were all met in the king's presence, the king addressed -them himself, and said, that he had not assembled them to hurt or -distress the duke of Burgundy, which many persons had affected to -believe; for he was under greater obligations to the duke than he -could express,—and so far from doing him any harm, he wished him all -happiness and honour. He had called them to his presence to consider -of the conduct of the duke of Brittany, who had told, or written, to -the count de Charolois, to the duke of Orleans, to the duke of Bourbon, -to the king of Sicily, and to other princes of his realm, that the -reason why he, the king, remained so much in Picardy, was to conclude -a peace with his ancient enemies the English; and to obtain this he -had promised to give them the duchies of Normandy and Guienne, that by -their assistance he might conquer and destroy the country of Burgundy, -of Brittany, of the Bourbonnois, of the Orleannois, and the other -territories of the princes of his blood and of his kingdom.</p> - -<p>The king affirmed on his oath, that he never thought of such -things,—and that if<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_187" id="Page_187">[Pg 187]</a></span> he had, he was unworthy to wear a crown, or to -be a king. The reason of his remaining in Picardy was because the duke -of Burgundy had an intention to undertake an expedition against the -Turk; and on that account he had indeed attempted to conclude a peace -with England, that the duke's territories, during his absence, might -continue in peace.</p> - -<p>The king then demanded of the princes present, if they believed what -the duke of Brittany had written to them: when they unanimously -replied, they did not. He then demanded, that they would all assist him -with their services against the duke of Brittany, who had so grossly -injured him; and they assured him they would do so to the utmost of -their power.</p> - -<p>On the 3d of January, in this year 1464, died Charles duke of Orleans, -about seventy years old, who left a son about three years of age, and a -daughter of seven or eight years old. He it was who commenced the civil -war in France against John duke of Burgundy, in revenge for the murder -of his father, which lasted upward of thirty years, to such great loss -and destruc<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_188" id="Page_188">[Pg 188]</a></span>tion of the kingdom that it would be pitiless to relate it, -as it may be seen in the Chronicles of Enguerrand de Monstrelet.<a name="FNanchor_37_37" id="FNanchor_37_37"></a><a href="#Footnote_37_37" class="fnanchor">[37]</a></p> - -<p>This duke of Orleans was made prisoner at the battle of Agincourt, -and carried to England, where he remained twenty-five years; and it -is supposed that he would never have obtained his liberty, if duke -Philip of Burgundy had not ransomed him; he also gave him in marriage -his niece, a daughter of the duke of Cleves, by whom he had the two -children above mentioned.</p> - -<p>On his return to France, he led an exemplary and devout life; and on -every Friday throughout the year, he gave thirteen poor persons their -dinner, in honour of God: he served them in person at table, before -he ate any thing himself, and then washed their feet, in imitation of -our Saviour, who washed the feet of his disciples on the day of the -Passover.</p> - - - -<div class="footnotes"><p class="ph3">FOOTNOTES:</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_37_37" id="Footnote_37_37"></a><a href="#FNanchor_37_37"><span class="label">[37]</span></a> 'Il semble par la que Monstrelet nie son auteur de la -plûpart de ce qui est contenue au 3me volume.' -</p> -<p> -<i>MS. note in M. du Cangé's copy.</i> -</p> -<p> -This proves, however, what has been said in the preface, of nearly all -the last volume being by another writer than Monstrelet.</p></div></div> - - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_189" id="Page_189">[Pg 189]</a></span></p> - -<p class="ph2"><a name="CHAP_XXXII" id="CHAP_XXXII">CHAP. XXXII.</a></p> - -<blockquote> - -<p>THE MARRIAGE OF KING EDWARD OF ENGLAND, AND THE ALLIANCE HE WISHES -TO FORM WITH FRANCE.—THE BASTARDS OF BURGUNDY RETURN FROM THEIR -EXPEDITION.—THE DUKE OF BURGUNDY DANGEROUSLY ILL.—THE FAMILY OF CROY -ARE DISMISSED FROM THEIR PLACES.</p></blockquote> - - -<p class="drop"><span class="uppercase">In</span> this year, between Christmas and Easter, Edward king of England, -surnamed Long Shanks, one of the handsomest knights of his kingdom, -took to wife the daughter of lord Rivers, an English knight of middling -rank, who, in his youth, had been sent to France to serve the duchess -of Bedford. The duke of Bedford was then regent of France for his -nephew king Henry VI. an infant; and his duchess was his second wife, -and sister to the count Louis de St Pol,—an exceedingly handsome lady.</p> - -<p>After the death of the duke, his widow, following her own inclinations, -which were contrary to the wishes of her family, particularly to those -of her uncle, the car<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_190" id="Page_190">[Pg 190]</a></span>dinal of Rouen, married the said lord Rivers, -reputed the handsomest man that could be seen, who shortly after -carried her to England, and never after could return to France for -fear of the relatives of this lady. She had several children by lord -Rivers,—and among them was a daughter of prodigious beauty, who, by -her charms, so captivated king Edward that he married her, to the great -discontent of several of the higher nobility, who would, if possible, -have prevented the marriage from taking place. But, to satisfy them -that the lady's birth was not inferior to theirs, king Edward sent -letters to the count de Charolois, to entreat that he would send him -some lord of the family of the lady to be present at her wedding.—The -count sent him sir James de St Pol, her uncle, grandly accompanied by -knights and gentlemen, to the number of more than one hundred horse, -who, on their arrival at London, put an end to the murmurings on this -marriage, and gave great satisfaction to the king. After the feasts, -when they were about to return home, the king presented sir James de St -Pol with three hundred nobles; and to each<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_191" id="Page_191">[Pg 191]</a></span> knight and gentleman of his -company he gave fifty nobles, beside most handsome entertainment.</p> - -<p>It was commonly said at the time, that the count de Charolois had sent -so handsome a company of nobles to England to please king Edward, and -gain him over to his interests, knowing that the king of France was -anxious to form an alliance with Edward to his prejudice, and that -the lord de Launoy had been sent by Louis to negotiate a treaty with -England. King Edward would not, however, listen to it, and even sent -the letters which the lord de Launoy had brought from the king of -France to the duke of Burgundy, for his perusal, and likewise wrote -to him every thing the lord de Launoy had told him from Louis, which -greatly astonished the duke, who from that time became suspicious of -the king of France's designs, and of those by whom he was surrounded.</p> - -<p>It was also said, that king Edward had charged sir James de St Pol to -tell the count de Charolois, that if he wanted men at arms, he would -send him as many as he pleased.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_192" id="Page_192">[Pg 192]</a></span></p> - -<p>In this year, the frost was so severe that wine was not only frozen -in the cellars but at table: even some wells were frozen,—and this -weather lasted from the 10th of December to the 15th of February. The -frost was so sharp for seven or eight days that many persons died in -the fields; and the old people said that there had not been so very -severe a winter since the year 1407. Much snow also fell; and the -rivers Seine and Oise were frozen so that waggons passed over them.</p> - -<p>Toward the end of February, sir Anthony and sir Baldwin, bastards of -Burgundy, returned from their intended expedition to Turkey. Though -there were more than two thousand combatants embarked at Sluys, from -four to five hundred died at sea of an epidemical distemper that -raged in the fleet. They left their fleet and arms at Marseilles and -travelled through Avignon to Burgundy, and thence to Brussels. At this -time, also, the bishop of Tournay and the other ambassadors returned -from their embassy to France. It was then said, that had they not gone -thither, the king was determined to invade the territo<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_193" id="Page_193">[Pg 193]</a></span>ries of the duke -of Burgundy, thinking to have the support of the count de St Pol and -the duke of Brittany, but in which he failed.</p> - -<p>The duke of Burgundy was now attacked by so severe an illness that -every one despaired of his life. The count de Charolois was then at -Brussels, but without hope of his father's recovery; and knowing that -the lord de Croy and his friends had in their hands the government of -the country, and of all its strongest places, and that the lord de Croy -had been absent fifteen days with the king of France, he suddenly sent -his most confidential friends to Luxembourg, Namur, the Boulonois, -Beaumont, Hainault, and other parts, to take instant possession of -them, and appoint other governors on whom he could depend. As the -physicians gave no hope of the duke's amendment, his son sent orders -to all the abbeys and monasteries dependant on him, to offer up their -most devout prayers for his restoration to health; and he was so much -beloved by his people that their prayers were heard, and he recovered -his health. On his recovery, he made his son governor<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_194" id="Page_194">[Pg 194]</a></span> of all his -dominions, who instantly dismissed the lord de Quievrain, the duke's -second chamberlain, the lord d'Auxi being the first, and appointed the -lord d'Aymeries in his room, which displeased the duke so much that he -immediately revoked the appointment he had given his son.</p> - -<p>The count de Charolois, upon this, called together the great -lords of the court, namely, the count de St Pol, sir Anthony his -bastard-brother, and the majority of the duke's council, and said to -them, 'I will not hide my mind from you,—but wish to tell you now, -what I had intended doing before, that you and all my other friends -may know that I consider the lord de Croy, his friends and allies, as -my mortal enemies.' He then declared his reasons for this opinion, and -had the same published throughout all the towns under his father's -subjection, by letters, the contents of which shall be hereafter -related.</p> - -<p>The count, having thus explained himself to his friends, instantly sent -three or four knights of his household to the lord de Quievrain, who -was first chamberlain in the absence of his uncle, the lord de Croy,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_195" id="Page_195">[Pg 195]</a></span> -ordering him to quit the service of the duke his father as quietly -as he could, that his father might not hear of it, nor be troubled -thereat. The lord de Quievrain, perplexed at such orders, unwilling to -quit so good a situation, and fearing to offend the count de Charolois, -followed his own counsel, and went on the morrow morning to the duke, -and, throwing himself on his knees, thanked him for all his bounties -for the trifling services he had done, and requested his permission -to depart, for that the count his son had ordered him to leave the -court,—and he was afraid he would not be contented until he was put to -death.</p> - -<p>The duke, hearing these words, was in a mighty passion, and forbade him -to quit his service: then, snatching up a club, he sallied out of his -apartment in the greatest rage, saying to his attendants, that he would -go and see whether his son would put to death any of his servants. Some -of them, however, dreading the consequences of his passion, had the -doors closed, and the porter hidden with the keys, so that the duke -could not go out, but was forced to wait until the porter was found.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_196" id="Page_196">[Pg 196]</a></span></p> - -<p>At this moment, his sister, the duchess of Bourbon, accompanied by sir -Anthony of Burgundy, and many ladies and damsels, came to him, and -remonstrated with him so prudently, that they moderated his anger, and -he returned to his apartments. In the mean time, the lord de Quievrain -left his house, with only one attendant, as secretly as he could.</p> - -<p>The count de Charolois, hearing of his father's anger against him, held -daily councils with the duke's chief ministers, to seek the means of -appeasing it; and it was concluded, that the count should write letters -to all the great towns under the duke's dominion, stating to them his -grievances, and the reasons he had for dismissing the lord de Croy and -his friends from all the places they had holden under the duke. Similar -letters were likewise dispatched to the principal nobles,—and they -were ordered to be publicly read, that every one might know the true -state of the matter.</p> - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_197" id="Page_197">[Pg 197]</a></span></p> - - - - -<p class="ph2"><a name="CHAP_XXXIII" id="CHAP_XXXIII">CHAP. XXXIII.</a></p> - -<blockquote> - -<p>A COPY OF THE LETTERS WHICH THE COUNT DE CHAROLOIS SENT TO THE NOBLES -AND PRINCIPAL TOWNS UNDER THE DOMINION OF THE DUKE OF BURGUNDY, TO -EXPLAIN THE REASONS WHY HE HAD DISMISSED THE LORD DE CROY AND HIS -FRIENDS FROM HIS FATHER'S SERVICE.</p></blockquote> - - -<p class="drop"><span class="uppercase">'Very dear</span> and well beloved, you know, thanks to God, how long and -grandly our lord and father, by the noble virtues inherent in his -nature, has exalted the house of Burgundy, of which he is the head, -in a much higher degree than it ever was in the memory of man. And -although from his great age he has of late been afflicted with -illness, to the weakening of his faculties, he has, nevertheless, -always endeavoured to preserve his possessions untouched, to maintain -his subjects in peace, and to rule them with equity and justice; and -we have seen nothing to counteract such happy effects but the fraud -and damnable deceptions of the lord de Croy and his friends,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_198" id="Page_198">[Pg 198]</a></span> who, -through an inordinate ambition and insatiable avarice, have attempted -to gain to themselves the whole government and the possession of all -the strong places so long as our said lord and father should live, -and, like ungrateful people, after his decease to ruin and destroy the -county, from hatred to us; for ever since we have arrived at years of -discretion, they have laboured, to the utmost of their power, by false -and wicked reports, that we might incur the anger of our said lord and -father, as you and the three estates have been before duly informed, -knowing that by such means alone they could succeed in their attempts. -They have, likewise, sought other means of destroying us, had it been -in their power; for while my lord the king, when dauphin, was in -this country, they endeavoured to lay hands on us, and make us their -prisoner. This we have been told by the king's own mouth since his -coronation, from his love to us,—for which singular affection we hold -ourself, and ever shall hold ourself, under the greatest obligations to -him.</p> - -<p>'Since his majesty's coronation, they have been so much vexed at the -favour<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_199" id="Page_199">[Pg 199]</a></span> the king showed us that they have never ceased to intrigue -until they had found means to deprive us of his majesty's good graces, -and to keep us at a distance from him. By their machinations, the -french ambassadors lately, in the presence of our lord and father, made -heavy and public accusations against us in the town of Lille, as you -may have heard; and the said de Croys have offered their services to -the king after the decease of our lord and father, in case he should -intend making war on us, which I cannot believe his majesty will -do,—for we have not done any thing, nor, please God, will we do any -thing, that may induce him to it.</p> - -<p>'They have boasted that they would make war on us from the strong -places of Bologne, Namur, Luxembourg, and others in their hands, and -that they would deliver them up to the power of others than the said -duke our father or ourself. These de Croys have, beside, by wicked -reports to our great prejudice, incited the king to repurchase the -towns and country our said lord had in pledge; and because our said -lord made some difficulty in acceding to this<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_200" id="Page_200">[Pg 200]</a></span> plan, because the king -required an acquittance for a very large sum, which ought to have been -paid at the time of this repurchase, the lord de Croy told him, and -caused him to be told, as from the king, that, notwithstanding the -repurchase of these said lands, he should remain in the enjoyment of -them during his life, which the lord de Croy knew at the same time to -be void of foundation, and notoriously contrary to truth.</p> - -<p>'The lord de Croy, still further to do mischief to the territories -of our said lord and father, has, by himself and friends, strongly -aided and supported the pretensions of the count de Nevers, our -cousin, against us; and in consequence, the said count has boasted -that the king had promised to assist him with four hundred lances, in -conjunction with the men of Liege, to invade Brabant after the decease -of our said lord and father, and to deprive us of our rights therein.</p> - -<p>'To be enabled to do greater harm to us, by giving the count de Nevers -further powers, the lord de Croy had made an exchange of the government -of the regained<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_201" id="Page_201">[Pg 201]</a></span> country and towns, which had been given him by the -king as a reward for his services in that business with our said cousin -of Nevers, for a barony in the Rethelois, called Rosay; and it is said -that they and their friends had mutually promised, on oath, to assist -each other against whoever intended to injure them. Notwithstanding -that, very lately, some persons attached to the service of our said -lord and father, anxious to make up all the differences between us and -the lord de Croy, had waited on us to this purpose, whom we, from our -reverence to God our Creator and Author of all peace, and respect to -our said lord and father, condescended to grant their desires, without -remembering the many injuries and persecutions we had suffered from -the said lord de Croy and his friends, and gave them a paper, signed -by our own hand, containing in substance, that when the lord de Croy -should do us any services, we would hold them for agreeable, and not -be ungrateful to him for them,—and that, if, in the performance of -such services, he should incur any loss or inconvenience, we would -support him against all, in so far as we should<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_202" id="Page_202">[Pg 202]</a></span> be bounden in reason -and justice to do,—the lord de Croy, however, paid not any attention -to this said paper, but has acted in regard to us, from badly to -worse; and when it has been remonstrated to him, that he ought to act -differently from what he has done toward us, and that the places he -holds under our said lord and father were not his inheritance, he has -boldly replied, that they were given to him by my said lord and father, -not only for his life, but for the life of his children after him, and -it was his intention that they should enjoy them after his decease, -even the governments of Namur, Boulogne, and Luxembourg. In fact, he -had done all in his power to obtain from our said lord and father a -gift of these places, and would have succeeded, had not some of our -said father's more faithful counsellors remonstrated with him on the -impropriety of such a gift.</p> - -<p>'The said lord de Croy, further to trouble the dominions of our said -lord and father, has lately attempted to introduce into the castle of -Namur a large body of men at arms, under the pretence of defend<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_203" id="Page_203">[Pg 203]</a></span>ing the -place against the men of Liege; but, thanks to God, he failed,—for the -good people of Namur, knowing his real intentions, would not suffer -it to be done. On finding such opposition to his designs, he went -thence to Beaumont in Hainault, where he attempted the same; but the -inhabitants behaved in the same loyal manner, and would not permit it -to take place.</p> - -<p>'On the other hand, he had, a little time before, instigated duke Louis -of Bavaria, the count de Valence his son-in-law, and other dependants -of the said duke, to appear before the town of Luxembourg with a great -army, with a view of becoming masters of that town and castle, and -would have succeeded had not proper precautions been taken before their -arrival.</p> - -<p>'In short, the lord de Croy and his family, forgetful of, and -ungrateful for, all the extraordinary honours and wealth they have -received from our said lord and father, their lord and sovereign, have -done every thing in their power, and still continue their intrigues, to -ruin and destroy his country, by causing it and its peaceful and loyal -inhabitants to be involved in the calamities of war.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_204" id="Page_204">[Pg 204]</a></span></p> - -<p>'Having considered all these wicked machinations, and having a sincere -love for the loyal people of our said lord, we have provided the surest -remedy against the future attempts of the lord de Croy and his family, -by taking possession of the towns and castles of Namur, Luxembourg, -and Boulogne, which we have intrusted to the guard of valiant and -faithful captains, in the name of our said lord, and solely to preserve -the poorer ranks from the miseries of war, and for no other purpose -whatever. We have, for some days past, supplicated, with the utmost -humility, an audience of our said lord and father, that we might -declare the aforesaid matters to him, and assure him of our upright -intentions in what we have done; but as we have not hitherto been able -to obtain an audience, we have assembled before us those of his blood, -the knights, esquires, and members of his council, of his household, -and of our own, that are at present in this town, to whom we have most -fully detailed the matters above mentioned, and our determination -to provide, with the aid of God, such remedies as the various cases -may require, so that our<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_205" id="Page_205">[Pg 205]</a></span> said lord may enjoy in peace the whole of -his dominions, and that they may descend to us unimpaired after his -decease. For the preservation of which we are willing to expose our -life and fortune, and remain his most loyal and obedient subject, -without taking any greater part in the government of his country than -he shall be willing to allow us.</p> - -<p>'We declared also to this assembly, that to enable us the better to -serve our said lord and father as an obedient son should, it was our -intention to remain at his palace, and near to his person, without -permitting the lord de Croy or any of his family, whom we hold and -repute our enemies, to have any longer the government of his household -or country, which they have formerly enjoyed: that in regard to the -other loyal officers, counsellors, and subjects of our said lord, we -consider them as our true and trusty friends, and cherish them as -such; and we hope that as they have for some time past displayed their -loyal services, they will continue so to do, both in regard to our -said lord and father, and to the welfare of his dominions,—and on our -part, we in<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_206" id="Page_206">[Pg 206]</a></span>tend steadily, and with all our heart, to obey and execute -whatsoever our said lord and father shall, after due consideration -and counsel, command us, for the good of his country, without, in -future, showing any favours to the lord de Croy or to his family, whom, -as I have before said, we repute our mortal enemies; and we further -requested the said assembly to assist us in the preservation and -defence of the dominions of our said lord from the smallest depredation -or infringement; which request the whole assembly liberally and -unanimously complied with and granted.</p> - -<p>'Since these things took place, the lord de Quievrain, nephew to the -lord de Croy, has quitted this town, which has much displeased our said -lord and father, and greatly angered him against us; but by the good -pleasure of God, and the prudent remonstrances of his good and loyal -counsellors, we hope that his anger will soon be appeased.</p> - -<p>'Of all these matters, very dear and well beloved, we inform you by -these presents, as our true and loyal friends, to whom we wish to lay -open the secrets of our heart;<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_207" id="Page_207">[Pg 207]</a></span> and that you may be truly informed how -things have happened, most earnestly requesting of you that you do -not afford any assistance to, or receive, the said lord de Croy, his -family or friends, but treat them as the enemies of our said lord and -father and of ourself. We beg that you will not give ear to reports or -letters that may be made or delivered contrary to the above statement, -for we are most desirous of serving, honouring, and obeying, with our -whole heart, our said lord and father, in every possible way, as we -are bounden to do, and as we have hitherto done,—nor shall he ever -have, if it so please God, any cause of reasonable complaint against -us. Therefore, without the smallest attempt against his person, or to -encroach on his government, we shall employ our whole life, honour, -and fortune, for his safety, security, and prosperity, and for the -welfare of his country and subjects, against all who shall, at any -time, presume to molest, or any way aggrieve, him or them. We therefore -entreat and request you most cordially to join in aiding and supporting -us in these measures, should there be occasion,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_208" id="Page_208">[Pg 208]</a></span> for we have the -fullest confidence in you. Very dear and well beloved, may the Holy -Spirit have you in his good keeping.</p> - -<p>'Written at Brussels the 22d day of March, in the year 1464,' and -signed 'Charolois.'</p> - -<p>'The superscription on these letters was, 'By order of the count de -Charolois, lord of Château Belin and of Bethune.'</p> - - - -<hr class="chap" /> -<p class="ph2"><a name="CHAP_XXXIV" id="CHAP_XXXIV">CHAP. XXXIV.</a></p> - -<blockquote> - -<p>THE DUKE OF BERRY, ONLY BROTHER TO THE KING OF FRANCE, WITHDRAWS -HIMSELF FROM THE COURT OF FRANCE, AND TAKES REFUGE WITH THE DUKE OF -BRITTANY.—THE COUNT DE DAMMARTIN ESCAPES FROM PRISON.—LETTERS FROM -THE DUKE OF BERRY TO THE DUKE OF BURGUNDY.</p></blockquote> - - -<p class="drop"><span class="uppercase">In</span> the beginning of March, in the year 1464, Charles duke of Berry, -only brother to the king, and about twenty-eight years old, whom the -king kept near his person in a simpler estate than he wished, and<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_209" id="Page_209">[Pg 209]</a></span> -much inferior to what he had enjoyed during the life of their father, -pretended one day to go to hunt, while his brother was absent on a -pilgrimage near Poitiers: instead of which, the duke rose very early -in the morning, and, attended by only nine or ten persons, set out -with all possible speed to seek an asylum with the duke of Brittany. -They broke down all the bridges they crossed, that, if they should be -pursued, they might not be overtaken.</p> - -<p>It was said at the time, that the two dukes of Berry and Brittany had -formed an alliance with the dukes of Bourbon and Calabria, the count -de Charolois, and other princes of France, against the king, should -he attempt to molest any of them,—for the king was obstinately bent -upon executing his own designs, which appeared to many strange and -unreasonable.</p> - -<p>The king was extremely mortified to find that his brother had so -suddenly departed, and sent in haste to all the principal towns and -castles, to put them on their guard, and commanding them to keep a good -look-out. In addition to this, he took off certain tolls and taxes -which the re<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_210" id="Page_210">[Pg 210]</a></span>gained towns on the Somme were accustomed to pay, the more -effectually to obtain their loves and services.</p> - -<p>In this week, which was the first of March, the count de Dammartin, -whom the king detained prisoner in the bastile at Paris, found means to -make a hole in the wall of one of the towers, through which he escaped -to a boat that was waiting for him in the moat, and rowed to the -opposite bank, where were horses ready, and, having instantly mounted, -made all possible haste to escape into Brittany.</p> - -<p>In this same week, the lord de Roubais, by orders from the count de -Charolois, went with a body of men at arms to seize the town and -castle of Launoy, thinking to take the lord thereof at the same time. -The lord de Launoy was then governor of Lille, bailiff of Amiens, and -nephew to the lord de Croy; but they neither found him, nor his wife -or children,—for having had information of what was intended, he had -quitted the place with his family and most valuable effects, and saved -himself in the city of Tournay, two leagues distant from his house.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_211" id="Page_211">[Pg 211]</a></span></p> - -<p>At the same time, the abbot of Havons was arrested, by orders from the -count de Charolois, together with one called Pierrechon, the servant -and master of the wardrobe to the lord de Croy, and one in whom he had -the greatest confidence: they were detained prisoners a long time.</p> - -<p>Soon afterward, the count de Charolois made a present of the town and -castle of Launoy to James de St Pol, brother to the count de St Pol: in -which castle were provisions for the garrison, consisting of six score -salted bacons, great abundance of flour, corn and oats, and also a new -mill for the grinding of them.</p> - -<p>In the month of March, the duke of Berry sent a letter from Nantes to -the duke of Burgundy, dated the 15th of that month, of the following -tenour:</p> - -<p>'Very dear and most beloved uncle, I commend myself to you by all -possible means; and may it please you to know that, for some time past, -I have, with sorrow, heard the clamours of the greater part of the -princes of our blood, and of the nobles of the kingdom, on the wretched -state of the government of France, owing<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_212" id="Page_212">[Pg 212]</a></span> to the advice and counsels -of those wicked persons by whom my lord and sovereign is surrounded, -who, for their own profit, and disorderly ambition, have not only -caused a hatred and coolness between my lord and you and me, but also -have estranged him from the friendship of the kings of Scotland and -Castille, whose alliance with the crown of France has been of so long a -date, as is well known to every one.</p> - -<p>'I shall not here mention how the affairs of the church, and of -justice, have been administered, nor how the nobles have been -maintained in their rights and usages, or the poorer ranks guarded from -oppression, as I know that you are well informed as to such matters, -and as they are so very disagreeable for me to dwell upon, from the -nearness of my connexion with my said lord. Wishing, however, to profit -from your counsel, and that of those other princes and nobles who have -offered me their fullest support in providing a remedy for such crying -abuses, and also to escape from personal danger, for I had daily heard -such conversations between my lord and his<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_213" id="Page_213">[Pg 213]</a></span> ministers as gave me cause -of suspicion, I departed from my lord's court, and have taken refuge -with my fair cousin of Brittany, who has given me a reception for -which I never can enough praise him, and has promised to support me -personally, and with all his powers, for the welfare of the kingdom, -and the public good.</p> - -<p>'It is, therefore, very dear and beloved uncle, my intention to act -with you and the other lords my relatives, whose counsels I shall -follow, and none others, for the restoring of this desolated kingdom; -for I know you are one of the greatest of its princes,—and in its -welfare you are more concerned, as the dean of the peerage, and a -prince of such high renown, and who has been so highly displeased with -the present disorders in the government. I wish, therefore, that you -and my other relatives would assemble to consult on the surest means of -bringing about a reformation of the abuses and grievances that exist -in every branch of the government, to the relief of the poor people, -who are unable longer to bear their burdens, and of restoring order in -the better administration of justice and<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_214" id="Page_214">[Pg 214]</a></span> the finances, to the great -happiness of the realm, and to the eternal honour of those who shall, -with God's pleasure, so usefully employ themselves.</p> - -<p>'I, therefore, very dear and beloved uncle, entreat, that, for so good -a purpose, you would give me your support and assistance, and employ -also my fair brother Charolois, your son, in my aid, as I have been -always confident in your friendship,—and that we may speedily meet is -my most earnest wish. It is my meaning shortly to enter France, and -take the field accompanied by the other princes and nobles who have -promised me their assistance: I shall, therefore, beg, that you would, -as speedily as may be, raise as large a force as possible to enter -France on your side; and should you be unable personally to accompany -it, I shall hope that you will send it under the command of the count -de Charolois. At the same time, you will depute to me some of your most -confidential counsellors, with whom I may advise, in conjunction with -the other princes, as to what may be done for the public welfare, and -by whom you may have information of<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_215" id="Page_215">[Pg 215]</a></span> my good and just intentions; for I -am determined to regulate my conduct after the advice of yourself and -the other princes and lords.</p> - -<p>'Whatever the count de Charolois shall recommend, in your absence, for -the general good, you may be assured that I will support him in, and -maintain to my latest breath.</p> - -<p>'Very dear and beloved, let me know at all times whatever you may wish -to have done, and it shall be accomplished with my whole heart.—I pray -God that he may grant you a long life, and accomplish all your desires.</p> - -<p>'Written at Nantes, the 15th day of March.' Signed, 'Your nephew, -Charles.' The address was, 'To my uncle the duke of Burgundy.'</p> - -<p>About this time, James de St Pol returned from England, whither he -had been sent by the count de Charolois, as well to do honour to king -Edward's marriage as to negotiate for his assistance against the king -of France, should there be occasion, or at least to prevent him from -being engaged against him; for the king of France had<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_216" id="Page_216">[Pg 216]</a></span> before sent the -lord de Launoy to conclude a treaty with king Edward, to the prejudice -of the count de Charolois. The king of England, however, would not -listen to it, and had even transmitted to the duke of Burgundy the king -of France's proposals, which greatly astonished the duke, as well in -regard to their contents as that the lord de Launoy had been the bearer -of them.</p> - -<p>On the 8th day of April, in this year, was a conjunction of Saturn and -Jupiter, whence the learned foretold that great miseries would befal -the world.</p> - - - -<hr class="chap" /> -<p class="ph2"><a name="CHAP_XXXV" id="CHAP_XXXV">CHAP. XXXV.</a></p> - -<blockquote> - -<p>A CORRESPONDENCE TAKES PLACE BETWEEN THE KING OF FRANCE AND THE -DUKE OF BOURBON.—THE KING PUBLISHES OTHER LETTERS THROUGHOUT HIS -REALM,—AND THE COUNT DE NEVERS ISSUES PROCLAMATIONS IN ALL THE TOWNS -WITHIN HIS LIEUTENANCY FOR THE KING OF FRANCE.</p></blockquote> - - -<p class="drop"><span class="uppercase">In</span> the month of March, of this year, the king of France sent letters, -signed with his<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_217" id="Page_217">[Pg 217]</a></span> hand, to the duke of Bourbon, containing in substance, -that his brother, the duke of Berry, had left him, and gone to Brittany -without his consent or knowledge. He then added, that, all excuses -being laid aside, he commanded him to come to his presence instantly -after his letter had been read, and to put faith in whatever Josselin -du Boys should tell him now on his part, and to collect immediately one -hundred lances, ready to march at a moment's notice.</p> - -<p>The duke of Bourbon having read this letter, and heard what Josselin -du Boys had to say, wrote an answer to the king, in which he repeated -what the king had written to him, and thanked him for the great -confidence he had placed in him. He then adverted to the grievances -and unjust acts the princes of his blood had witnessed throughout -the realm, concerning which the king had received many complaints -and remonstrances, as they were nearly affected by them, but without -obtaining any redress, by reason of the obstructions of those who -surrounded his majesty.</p> - -<p>The princes, therefore, seeing that their<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_218" id="Page_218">[Pg 218]</a></span> complaints and remonstrances -were not attended to, and that no remedy was thought of for the redress -of grievances, had formed a strict alliance by oaths and written -agreements, mutually exchanged with each other, to provide such a -remedy for these grievances as had not taken place since his majesty's -coming to the throne, so that it should redound to the honour of the -crown, the utility of the public welfare, and to the eternal glory of -them who undertook such wholesome measures.</p> - -<p>The duke added, that, after what he had said, it was unnecessary -for him to wait on him, as he was engaged, with the other princes -of the blood, in promoting the redress of the grievances they -had so repeatedly complained of, since he had neglected to do it -himself,—begging to be held excused for not coming to him, and -expressly declaring that he was of the union with the princes, for the -welfare of his majesty and of his kingdom. He besought him, for the -honour of God, that he would himself redress these grievances, to avoid -the great evils that might otherwise ensue to his kingdom. He concluded -by saying, that this<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_219" id="Page_219">[Pg 219]</a></span> union had not been formed against his person, or -against the good of the realm, but solely to restore the government -to order, for his honour, the welfare of the kingdom, and for the -relief of the poor people, which are objects of great praise, and which -require immediate attention. This letter was dated Moulins, the 14th -day of March.</p> - -<p>When the king had received and read this letter, which fully explained -the intentions of the confederated princes, he caused letters to be -published throughout his realm, containing, in substance, that some -persons, excited by wicked hopes and damnable purposes, and not having -any regard to the honour of God, or the feelings of a loyal conscience, -had formed a conspiracy against him and against the welfare of his -realm, being desirous of interrupting the present peace and harmony. -For this end they had incited and suborned his brother, the duke -of Berry, who was but young in years, and not aware of their evil -designs, to separate himself from his care and government; and, the -better to succeed, they have most industriously spread abroad reports -that he intended to lay hands on, and imprison, his<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_220" id="Page_220">[Pg 220]</a></span> said brother, -even the thought of which had never entered his mind. They have -formed an alliance under pretext of the public welfare, although they -are endeavouring, by every sort of perjury and seduction, to throw -the whole kingdom into confusion and trouble, and are to afford an -opportunity for our ancient enemies the English to invade our realm, -and recommence, by a ruinous warfare, mischiefs similar to those which -we have so lately seen put an end to.</p> - -<p>These rebels to the king and his crown suspecting that, from their -outrageous acts, the king would never pardon them, although they have -not required it, prepare for war to maintain their damnable projects -by force of arms. The king, nevertheless, assures, by these presents, -that all princes, prelates, nobles, or others forming part of this said -confederation, who shall quit the same, and return to the king within -one month or six weeks from the date hereof, shall be most kindly -received, and fully pardoned for all their offences; and their effects -shall be restored to such as may, for the above cause, have had them -confiscated. The king orders, by these presents,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_221" id="Page_221">[Pg 221]</a></span> all his governors, -judges, officers, and others, to cause this his gracious intention -of pardon to be publicly proclaimed within their jurisdictions, and -to receive all to favour who shall return and demand it within the -aforesaid specified period of one month or six weeks from the date -hereof. This letter was given at Thouars, under the great seal of the -king, the 16th day of March, in the year 1464.</p> - -<p>On this same day, the count de Nevers, lieutenant for the king of all -the country between the Somme and the Oise, issued a proclamation -throughout those parts, containing the same in substance as the letter -of the king, ordering them to keep up a good guard, as otherwise they -would answer for it at their peril. He also assembled the vassals of -the crown, and put them in a situation to serve the king, under arms, -when called upon: he likewise caused proclamation to be made, that all -persons who had usually borne arms should keep themselves in readiness -for the king's service when ordered, under the accustomed penalties. -These proclamations were dated at Mezieres on the Meuse, the 16th day -of March, in the year aforesaid.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_222" id="Page_222">[Pg 222]</a></span></p> - -<p>The count de Charolois also wrote letters to the governor, mayor, and -sheriffs of Arras, to say, that he had heard the lord de Croy and his -friends were collecting a considerable force, and intended marching -it away from the territories of the duke his father, and that they -were united with his cousin, the count de Nevers, in their plans to -invade and lay waste the said country: to both of which schemes he -was determined to apply a remedy, and for this purpose now ordered -them to have it publicly proclaimed within their districts, that no -persons whatever should join or assist the said lord de Croy, or his -said cousin of Nevers, without the express permission of himself, or -of the said duke his father, under pain of corporal punishment and -confiscation of effects. These letters were dated the 25th of March, in -the above-mentioned year.</p> - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_223" id="Page_223">[Pg 223]</a></span></p> - - - - -<p class="ph2">[<span class="smcap">A.D.</span> 1465.]</p> - -<p class="ph2"><a name="CHAP_XXXVI" id="CHAP_XXXVI">CHAP. XXXVI.</a></p> - -<blockquote> - -<p>THE DUKE OF BURGUNDY PARDONS HIS SON.—HE ORDERS A LARGE BODY OF MEN -TO BE RAISED FOR THE ASSISTANCE OF THE DUKE OF BERRY AGAINST HIS -BROTHER THE KING OF FRANCE.—OTHER EVENTS THAT HAPPENED AT THAT TIME.</p></blockquote> - - -<p class="drop"><span class="uppercase">On</span> Good Friday, a learned friar preached an excellent sermon before -the duke of Burgundy and his household, at Brussels, on the blessings -of mercy and pity, in order to induce the duke to pardon his son, the -count de Charolois, for having offended him, which hitherto he had not -been inclined to do. When the sermon was ended, several knights of the -Golden Fleece approached the duke, and humbly entreated him, that, in -consequence of the able discourse and reasoning of the preacher, he -would pardon his son for having offended him,—so that on the morrow, -Easter-eve, the count de Charolois came to his father<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_224" id="Page_224">[Pg 224]</a></span> about noon, and, -falling on his knee, said in substance as follows: 'My most redoubted -lord and father, I beseech you, in honour of the passion of our Lord -<span class="smcap">Jesus Christ</span>, that you would be pleased to forgive my having -displeased you. What I did was for the preservation of my life, and of -your dominions, as I will more fully detail hereafter.' Much more he -said, to the edification and satisfaction of all who heard him.</p> - -<p>The duke took hold of him by the elbow, and, looking him full in -the face, said, 'Charles, my son, for all that you may have done to -displease me to this day, I freely forgive you: be my good son, and I -will be to you a good father.' In saying these words, the duke's eyes -filled with tears,—and those of the company present were in a like -situation, notwithstanding that there were there hardy knights, lords, -and others out of number.</p> - -<p>When the feasts of Easter were over, which commenced the year 1465, the -duke ordered the three estates of his country to assemble at Brussels -the 24th of April; and when they were met, he bade the bi<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_225" id="Page_225">[Pg 225]</a></span>shop of -Tournay read to them the letter he had received from the duke of Berry. -He then told them, that it was his intention to raise the largest army -he had ever done, to assist the duke of Berry, and that he should give -the command of it to the count de Charolois, his son, who would require -that it should be in readiness to march on the 8th day of May. This -could not be done without a great expense; and for this purpose he -demanded from the county of Artois eighteen thousand francs, and from -his other territories sums in proportion to their abilities. The 12th -of May was fixed on for the payments, when the county of Artois granted -the eighteen thousand francs, and the other countries each according to -its extent and wealth.</p> - -<p>During this time, the count Louis de St Pol, his three sons, James -de St Pol his brother, the lord de Ravenstein, nephew to the duke of -Burgundy, the two bastards of Burgundy, sir Anthony de Baudoin, and -almost all the knights and nobles, vassals to the duke in Artois, the -Boulonnois, Hainault, Flanders, Brabant, Holland and Zealand, made -their preparations to accompany<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_226" id="Page_226">[Pg 226]</a></span> the count de Charolois, and were in -such numbers that they were estimated at four thousand combatants, -consisting of fourteen hundred lances, eight thousand archers, and -cross-bowmen, carbineers, and other warriors, not including those who -attended the baggage, who were very numerous, each being armed with a -leaden mace. In this army were none from Burgundy, as they were to form -a separate body until they joined the count. They amounted to upward of -six hundred lances, and other troops, under the command of the marshal -of Burgundy, the prince of Orange, the lord d'Arqueil, the lords de -Chargny, de Toulongeon, and other great barons of that country.</p> - -<p>While these preparations were making, John de Longueval, captain of the -archers of sir Anthony de Burgundy, having with him a body of troops, -went and took possession of the towns of Arleux and Crevecoeur, which -the king had formerly given to the bastard, but had since wrested from -him.—He summoned the governor of the castle of Crevecoeur to surrender -it amicably, or he would take it by storm; and the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_227" id="Page_227">[Pg 227]</a></span> governor yielded -it up, on having his life and fortune spared, and returned to his own -country of Normandy. John de Longueval, having performed this exploit, -left a sufficient garrison in each for its defence, and then returned -to his other companions with the main army.</p> - -<p>When the king of France was assured of this great force which the count -de Charolois had raised, he dispatched his chancellor to Amiens, and to -Abbeville, where he met the counts d'Eu and de Nevers,—and they issued -a proclamation, in the king's name, for all who had been accustomed to -bear arms to be in readiness to serve him; and every one was forbidden -to bear arms, or to serve any other lord than the king, on pain of -corporal punishment and confiscation of effects. Notwithstanding this, -many of the knights and nobles of that country, who had always been -attached to the house of Burgundy, joined the count de Charolois, -leaving it to chance how they were to be treated for what they held -under the king. There were others who served the king.</p> - -<p>The count de Nevers, knowing that<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_228" id="Page_228">[Pg 228]</a></span> he was in the ill graces of -the count de Charolois, sent divers messengers to bring about a -reconciliation, but to no effect, for they were not admitted to an -audience,—which caused many who served the count de Nevers, and were -among the principal of his household, to abandon his service, and to -withdraw themselves to the count de Charolois, to preserve his favour.</p> - -<p>The count de Nevers, seeing himself thus abandoned, sent to entreat the -lord de Saveuses to come and speak with him; but he would not comply, -although he was requested by the count several times. But the count, -having received information that the lord de Saveuses was to pass -through Bray sur Somme, went himself to Bray, where he met him, and -entered into a long conversation, to prevail on him to think of some -means of making up the quarrel between the count de Charolois and him.</p> - -<p>This good lord promised willingly to undertake the business, provided -that he, the count de Nevers, would not bear arms for either of -the parties, and that he would not introduce any men at arms, as a -garrison, into Peronne,—and this he promised<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_229" id="Page_229">[Pg 229]</a></span> to perform. Now it -happened, that while the count de Nevers was returning from Bray to -Amiens, he received intimation from the inhabitants of Peronne, that -the count de St Pol had drawn up his forces before that town, and had -summoned them to surrender the place to the duke of Burgundy, or to his -son, and that they had demanded three days' delay to give their answer. -On receiving this intelligence, the count instantly departed from -Amiens, in company with Joachim Rohault, marshal of France. These two -noblemen had with them one hundred lances and two hundred of the king's -archers,—and they entered Peronne, the 15th day of May, with five or -six hundred horse.</p> - -<p>It was the common report at that time, that the duke of Burgundy had -given to his nephew, the count de Nevers, on his marriage, the lands -and castlewicks of Peronne, Mondidier, and Roye, to enjoy during his -life, or until they were redeemed for thirty-two thousand crowns of -gold, or till he should have other lordships of, equal value to these -castlewicks. The count maintained, that he held them in perpe<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_230" id="Page_230">[Pg 230]</a></span>tuity, by -grants from the king and the duke of Burgundy within a short time after -he had entered upon them. But the count de Charolois said, that they -now no longer belonged to the count de Nevers, he having since then -received other and more valuable lordships, namely, the counties of -Rethel and Nevers, with other lordships; from which he concluded that -the duke, his father, was entitled to have the three before-mentioned -castlewicks restored to him,—since, moreover, when his father had -given them to the count de Nevers, it was without his consent, who was -his only son and heir. The duke of Burgundy maintained, that he had -only given these lands until they were redeemed, or until superior or -equal lands should fall to the count de Nevers,—and that, if the count -had deeds containing different terms, they were drawn up without his -signature or seal.</p> - -<p>The lord de Saveuses had exerted himself so effectually with the count -de Charolois that it was generally believed that the quarrel between -him and the count de Nevers would speedily be accommodated;<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_231" id="Page_231">[Pg 231]</a></span> but the -intelligence that he had thrown into Peronne a large body of men at -arms broke off the whole negotiation.</p> - - - -<hr class="chap" /> -<p class="ph2"><a name="CHAP_XXXVII" id="CHAP_XXXVII">CHAP. XXXVII.</a></p> - -<blockquote> - -<p>THE COUNT DE CHAROLOIS TAKES LEAVE OF THE DUKE OF BURGUNDY, AND -MARCHES HIS ARMY AND ARTILLERY TOWARD FRANCE.—HE CROSSES THE RIVER -SOMME, AND SUBJECTS TO HIS OBEDIENCE THE TOWNS OF NEELLE<a name="FNanchor_38_38" id="FNanchor_38_38"></a><a href="#Footnote_38_38" class="fnanchor">[38]</a>, -ROYE<a name="FNanchor_39_39" id="FNanchor_39_39"></a><a href="#Footnote_39_39" class="fnanchor">[39]</a>, AND MONDIDIER<a name="FNanchor_40_40" id="FNanchor_40_40"></a><a href="#Footnote_40_40" class="fnanchor">[40]</a>.—HE BESIEGES BEAULIEU<a name="FNanchor_41_41" id="FNanchor_41_41"></a><a href="#Footnote_41_41" class="fnanchor">[41]</a>, AND CROSSES -THE OISE.</p></blockquote> - - -<p class="drop"><span class="uppercase">On</span> the 15th of May, the count de Charolois, hearing that his armies in -Flanders and in Burgundy were quite ready to march, took leave of the -duke his father at Brussels, who is reported to have thus ad<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_232" id="Page_232">[Pg 232]</a></span>dressed -him: 'My son, act well your part in the business you are going upon, -and take care of your health: prefer death to flight; and should you be -in danger, you shall not long remain therein, if one hundred thousand -more warriors can relieve you.'</p> - -<p>The count, on taking his leave, went to lie at Quênoy in Hainault, -where two embassies were waiting for him: one from Brittany, and one -from the king of France. Of this last, the bishop of Mans, brother -to the count de St Pol, was the chief; but they had not any great -success,—and that from Brittany was soon dismissed.</p> - -<p>On the morrow, the count advanced to Honnecourt, between Crevecœur and -St Quentin, where he waited for his artillery, which was astonishingly -numerous; for two hundred and twenty-six carriages had passed through -Arras, from the castle of Lille, full of bombards, serpentines, -crapaudeaux, mortars, and other artillery, besides other carriages with -military stores from Brabant and Namur, that passed through Cambray. -From Honnecourt, the count went to Roseil, two leagues from Pe<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_233" id="Page_233">[Pg 233]</a></span>ronne, -where he staid some days, with all his army and artillery, from which -conduct those in Peronne expected to be besieged,—but he had formed -different plans. On the 4th of June, the count moved with his army from -Roseil toward Bray sur Somme, when the inhabitants came out to offer -him the keys of their town. The count de St Pol and the bastard of -Burgundy then crossed the river with their men, and advanced to Neelle -in the Vermandois, and made pretence of an instant assault, when it -was surrendered, on condition that eight men at arms, who were within -it, should depart in safety, with their horses and arms, and that the -archers, amounting to about six score, should march away in their -doublets or jackets, each with a wand in his hand. The lord de Neelle, -however, who was found therein, was detained a prisoner.</p> - -<p>The lord de Hautbourdin, bastard to the count de St Pol, marched a -body of men at arms and archers to the town of Roye, which they made -a similar pretence of attacking; but the inhabitants, fearful of the -event, surrendered the place to him for<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_234" id="Page_234">[Pg 234]</a></span> the count de Charolois. On -their entrance, they found there the countess of Nevers, to whom they -offered neither insult nor injury, but afforded her every facility to -retire whither she pleased. A few days after, she went to Compiègne, -under the escort of the lord de Ravenstein and five or six hundred -combatants.</p> - -<p>Those of Mondidier surrendered their town, two or three days after, -to the count de Charolois, in which was Hugh de Mailly lord de -Boullencourt, a valiant and hardy knight, who had always been attached -to the house of Burgundy, and he remained governor of the place with -the approbation of the inhabitants,—for this town had ever been of the -Burgundy-party.</p> - -<p>While these towns were surrendering to the count de Charolois, the -count de Nevers, fearing he should be besieged in Peronne, departed -thence with Joachim Rohault marshal of France, the lord de Moy, and -about two thousand combatants, thinking to enter the city of Noyon; -but that was not so soon effected, nor until they had promised that -their whole troop should not enter, and that they would not do, or<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_235" id="Page_235">[Pg 235]</a></span> -suffer any mischief to be done to the inhabitants. Nevertheless, they -all entered, and did mischief enough. It happened, that as some of the -townsmen were lowering down the portcullis of the gate, it fell on a -man at arms and killed him.</p> - -<p>About the 15th of June, the count de Charolois left Roye, to besiege -the castle of Beaulieu, a strong place belonging to the lord de Neelle. -In the castle was a good garrison, who burnt the best part of the town -round the castle, which was a pity, for the castle was afterward so -battered by cannon that the garrison were glad to surrender on St John -Baptist's day, on having their lives and baggage spared. During this -siege, the lord de Hautbourdin found means to cross the Oise with a -body of men in boats, and entered the town of Pont St Maixence before -the inhabitants knew any thing of his coming. This body was part of the -van of the count's army, under the command of the count de St Pol. The -count de Charolois was with the main body,—and the bastard of Burgundy -commanded the rear.</p> - - - - - -<div class="footnotes"><p class="ph3">FOOTNOTES:</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_38_38" id="Footnote_38_38"></a><a href="#FNanchor_38_38"><span class="label">[38]</span></a> Neelle,—a town of Picardy, three leagues from Roye.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_39_39" id="Footnote_39_39"></a><a href="#FNanchor_39_39"><span class="label">[39]</span></a> Roye,—a strong town, seven leagues from Peronne.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_40_40" id="Footnote_40_40"></a><a href="#FNanchor_40_40"><span class="label">[40]</span></a> Mondidier,—nine leagues from Amiens.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_41_41" id="Footnote_41_41"></a><a href="#FNanchor_41_41"><span class="label">[41]</span></a> Beaulieu,—near Noyon, in Picardy.</p></div></div> - - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_236" id="Page_236">[Pg 236]</a></span></p> - -<p class="ph2"><a name="CHAP_XXXVIII" id="CHAP_XXXVIII">CHAP. XXXVIII.</a></p> - -<blockquote> - -<p>THE COUNT DE CHAROLOIS PASSES THE RIVER OISE, ADVANCES TO SAINT DENIS, -AND DRAWS UP HIS ARMY IN BATTLE-ARRAY BEFORE PARIS.—THE COUNT DE -SAINT POL GAINS POSSESSION OF THE BRIDGE OF SAINT CLOUD, AND CROSSES -THE SEINE WITH HIS DIVISION OF THE COUNT'S ARMY.</p></blockquote> - - -<p class="drop"><span class="uppercase">When</span> the count de Charolois heard that his van were in possession of -Pont St Maixence, he advanced the remainder of the army thither, in -order to cross the Oise. The inhabitants paid him every obedience, -as lieutenant-general to the duke of Berry; and the count had it -proclaimed in the name of the duke of Berry, whose lieutenant-general -he styled himself, that he abolished all taxes, impositions and -subsidies whatever, as he had before done at Mondidier, and in the -other towns he passed through, to the great joy of the people.</p> - -<p>The count entered the town of Pont St Maixence on the feast-day of St -Peter<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_237" id="Page_237">[Pg 237]</a></span> and St Paul, and remained there for some days. He thence marched -to St Denis, where he was joyfully received, as well in the name of the -duke of Berry as in his own, for they could not make any resistance to -him. He waited there, and between St Denis and Paris, with his whole -army, the remainder of the month of June, for the arrival of the dukes -of Berry, of Brittany, of Calabria, of Nemours, of Bourbon, and the -other lords, who had mutually promised each other to meet there. The -count, finding that none came, and that the time was elapsed for the -meeting, and that his Burgundians, whom he daily expected, had not -joined him, because the king's army kept them constantly in check, on -the 8th day of July assembled his army, and marched in battle-array so -near to Paris that they were plainly seen from the walls. To say the -truth, considering the smallness of their numbers, it was the proudest -army that could be seen.</p> - -<p>Joachim Rohault left Paris to examine it the nearer, having kept on -its flanks all the way from Beaulieu and other parts, to make an -attack if he should espy<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_238" id="Page_238">[Pg 238]</a></span> a favourable opportunity, but found them -always so well prepared that he dared not venture to attack them; and -he was now forced to make a hasty retreat, to escape the light troops -of the count,—for he would have been completely surrounded by them, -had he not so speedily re-entered Paris. Instantly after his entrance, -the count fired off two or three serpentines over the town which -exceedingly frightened the inhabitants.</p> - -<p>The count then, placing himself at the head of the three divisions of -his army, halted near a windmill close by the town, which made those -within Paris suppose an attack was about to commence; but it was not -so, for, in like manner as he had done to other towns, he informed -them, that his only object was the good of the kingdom,—that he had -come thither at the prayer and request of the duke of Berry, who -had promised to join him very shortly, and that his speedy arrival -showed his eagerness to serve him. He added, that whatever the duke -of Berry should do would be solely for the general welfare, and then -summoned them to surrender to<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_239" id="Page_239">[Pg 239]</a></span> him as lieutenant-general to the duke of -Berry,—but they would no way comply.</p> - -<p>When Joachim Rohault had entered Paris, he met in the streets a canon -from Amiens, called Jacques de Villiers, who, having finished his -business there, was desirous to return. Joachim asked him whence he -came, and whither he wanted to go: he replied, that he was from Amiens, -and wanted to go back. Joachim then made him swear, that he would tell -the count de Charolois, that he, Joachim, had lately received letters -from the king of France, to signify to him for certain, that within -four days the king would be returned to Paris, and would advance to -meet the count, when it would be seen which was the stronger.</p> - -<p>The canon kept his promise, and told the count, word for word, what -Joachim had ordered him, while he halted at the windmill. The count -replied, that he put no belief in what Joachim said, for before this he -had told him things that were untrue.</p> - -<p>Having displayed his force before Paris, the count marched his army to -where<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_240" id="Page_240">[Pg 240]</a></span> the fair of the Lendit had been held, the booths for which were -still standing, and had it surrounded by his baggage-waggons, of which -he had an immense number, as well for the service of his artillery as -that belonging to the other lords who had accompanied him. While the -army was thus posted, the count de St Pol, commander of the van, saw a -large boat full of hay going to Paris, which having taken, and emptied -of the hay, he entered it, with the whole of his men, and passed over -to gain possession of the bridge of St Cloud, which was surrendered by -those who guarded it, on having their lives and fortunes spared.</p> - -<p>The count de Charolois, on hearing this, ordered the whole of his army -to advance thither, cross the Seine, and march for Estampes, in the -hope of meeting there the dukes of Berry and of Brittany, who could not -pass the Seine by reason of the king's army that was following them. -The count crossed the Seine on the 15th of July; and, this same day, -the count de St Pol advanced the whole of the van to Montlehery, where -he fixed his quarters. Montlehery had a good castle, in which<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_241" id="Page_241">[Pg 241]</a></span> were a -party of the royal army,—but neither party seemed inclined to attack -the other. The count de Charolois remained with his, that night, within -one league of Montlehery; and the bastard of Burgundy, who had the -command of the rear division, was quartered in the rear of the count, -two leagues from Montlehery.</p> - -<p>The count de St Pol sent off scouts from Montlehery, as far as -Chastres, three leagues on the road to Estampes, who met messengers -from the king to the Parisians, ordering them to be prepared on the -morrow to assist him in battle against the count de Charolois. These -messengers were brought to the count de St Pol, and assured him that -the king and his whole army were at this hour (eleven o'clock at night) -at or near to Chastres. On hearing this, the count dislodged from -Montlehery, and posted his division lower down, in a valley more toward -Paris, and sent information of what the messengers had related to the -count de Charolois, that he might instantly advance, or send him orders -how to act, for that the king would certainly give him battle the next -morning at daybreak. The<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_242" id="Page_242">[Pg 242]</a></span> count, having called a council, immediately -after decamped to join the count de St Pol, and sent orders for sir -Anthony of Burgundy to hasten the advance of the rear as much as -possible, which he did, so that the count de Charolois, and his brother -the bastard of Burgundy, formed a junction with the count de Saint Pol -on the 16th day of July, in the valley below Montlehery, by sunrise, -and there drew up in battle-array, to wait the arrival of the king of -France.</p> - -<p>The king, who had been engaged in the Bourbonnois, where he had taken -several places, and destroyed much of the country, was informed, while -there, of the conduct of the princes in raising forces, and held an -army in readiness to oppose them. He was fearful lest the army from -Brittany should join that of Burgundy, and thus become too strong and -dangerous to combat; in consequence, he called the principal captains -of his army to a council of war, to ask their opinion, whether he -should first offer battle to his brother and the Bretons, or to the -count de Charolois. Although their opinions were divided, the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_243" id="Page_243">[Pg 243]</a></span> majority -were for fighting the count de Charolois first; for if he succeeded in -overpowering his army, he could with ease conquer his brother and the -Bretons at any time, and even all the other lords of the confederacy; -and it was the more advisable to fight now before the count was joined -by the burgundian army, that had been kept in check, by a detached -force from the army of the king. Notwithstanding the majority were -for fighting the count de Charolois, the lord de Varennes, seneschal -of Normandy, declared loudly against it. He said that he was of a -contrary opinion, because he knew that the count de Charolois was not -of a character to retreat, nor give up any point,—and that he was -so much beloved by the Picards, and the others who formed his army, -and who had been accustomed to war, that they would never desert him -while they were alive: he was, therefore, for fighting the duke of -Berry first, because he had with him some of the great captains who -had served the late king Charles VII., and who, when they saw the king -advancing in person, would not have the heart to combat against him, -but most<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_244" id="Page_244">[Pg 244]</a></span> probably would turn to his side, and the remainder would be -at his mercy. The seneschal was told, that his advice was the effect -of fear; but he replied, that it was not,—and he would show plainly, -if a battle took place, that he was not afraid, and that what he had -said was purely from loyalty, in advising the king to the best of his -abilities.</p> - - - -<hr class="chap" /> -<p class="ph2"><a name="CHAP_XXXIX" id="CHAP_XXXIX">CHAP. XXXIX.</a></p> - -<blockquote> - -<p>THE KING DETERMINES TO COMBAT THE COUNT DE CHAROLOIS.—A BATTLE TAKES -PLACE BELOW MONTLEHERY.—THE EVENT OF IT.</p></blockquote> - - -<p class="drop"><span class="uppercase">When</span> the king had heard the opinions of his commanders, although they -were various, he eagerly determined to combat the count de Charolois, -and ordered all, under pain of death, to follow him. He made such -diligence that, on the 14th of July, he marched his army, as well by -day as by night, twenty-four leagues, and lay at Estampes. On the -morrow, he advanced to<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_245" id="Page_245">[Pg 245]</a></span> Chastres, three leagues from Montlehery. On -his march, he passed within seven or eight leagues of the army of the -dukes of Berry and of Brittany, ignorant that his messengers, whom he -had sent to Paris, were made prisoners, or that the count de Charolois -was so near him. The king dislodged from Chastres on the 16th, before -sunrise, and soon arrived near to Montlehery, whence he saw the enemy -drawn up in battle-array below in the valley.</p> - -<p>The king instantly formed his army into three divisions: the van was -given to the command of the seneschal of Normandy, the son of the lord -de Norenton, the lord de Barbasan, Malortie, Flocquet Salzart, and -other captains: the main body was commanded by the king in person, -attended by many of his great lords: and the rear division, consisting -of seven or eight hundred men at arms, was given to the count du Maine: -so that the king had in his three divisions, as was commonly reported, -two thousand two hundred men at arms, or lances, the best appointed -that ever men at arms were, for they consisted of the flower of the -king of France's forces.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_246" id="Page_246">[Pg 246]</a></span> There were also great bodies of archers and -infantry, besides many that were ill mounted, and on foot, who had -remained behind, but who always followed the train of the king.</p> - -<p>The count de Charolois, observing the manner in which the royal army -had been drawn up, formed his own into three divisions also. The first -was under the count de St Pol,—the second he reserved to himself,—and -the bastard, his brother, commanded the third; but he ordered them -all into the line, closing his rear with the baggage-waggons, and -pointing his artillery in their front. He ordered his archers to plant -a sharp stake before them, to check the charge of the cavalry, if they -should attempt to break their line,—and in this state they waited -the attack of the king. This was not, however, the case; for the two -armies remained, without moving, in their different positions for four -hours, excepting some slight skirmishes of the light troops, who were -within cross-bow shot of each other. As part of the count's army was -too distant from the artillery, it was proposed by some to make their -horses fall<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_247" id="Page_247">[Pg 247]</a></span> back, keeping their fronts to the enemy; but the lord de -Hautbourdin disapproved of this manœuvre, and said, that were he to -retire one step from the place where he was, it would be dangerous and -disgraceful to him, and give the enemy courage to advance. In the mean -time, different pieces of artillery were played off on both sides, to -the destruction of numbers.</p> - -<p>At length, the count de Charolois, fearful of the Parisians suddenly -appearing to aid the king, and, by falling on his rear, attack him on -all sides, and that, if he delayed the combat, his men would be starved -from want of provision, consulted his principal officers, and resolved -to begin the attack. They began their march in excellent order: one -division by the side of a wood, the other by the village, and the -center having the wood on its rear. The French, seeing this movement, -made part of their army advance also, in front of the count's division, -and crossed a ditch near the village; but the count's archers attacked -them so fiercely with their arrows that they were glad to recross it, -the count pursuing them into the village for some dis<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_248" id="Page_248">[Pg 248]</a></span>tance, having his -banner beside him, which was borne that day by the lord du Boys.</p> - -<p>While this was passing, and the count had appointed a large body of -archers, with a certain number of men at arms to defend them, and -to guard the passage against three or four hundred french lances, -who were stationed at a breach waiting for an opportunity to break -through the archers and attack the count's artillery, it happened -that the men at arms, observing the French were repulsed, and that -the count was pursuing them even into the village, left their guard -and galloped after the count, when the French seeing the archers -without any to support them, and neglectful of their stakes, charged -them like lightning, and killed or wounded the greater part, which -was the severest loss the count suffered on that day. Having routed -these archers, the French advanced toward the baggage and artillery, -and killed some more, and also made several prisoners; but those who -guarded the baggage, armed with leaden mallets, rallied as soon as they -could, and turning the carriages round, inclosed these French within -them, so that<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_249" id="Page_249">[Pg 249]</a></span> they could not issue out,—and the greater part were -knocked on the head with these leaden mallets. Those that did escape -having made for the village, met the count and his men returning from -it, who instantly charged them, and put the remainder to death,—so -that all these French were slain, either by the baggage-guard or by the -count's party, notwithstanding that a body of French had followed the -count, and had gallantly fought with him.</p> - -<p>At this return from the village, Philippe d'Oignies<a name="FNanchor_42_42" id="FNanchor_42_42"></a><a href="#Footnote_42_42" class="fnanchor">[42]</a> was slain by -the side of the count, who was wounded himself in the face, and in -great danger of having his throat cut in the confusion of the fight; -for when the count had driven the French through the village, the whole -rear-guard of the king's army, under the command of the count du Maine -and the admiral of<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_250" id="Page_250">[Pg 250]</a></span> France, fled, together with others, to the amount -of seven or eight hundred lances,—and they had fled with such haste -that they left behind them baggage and armour, although no one was -pursuing them. The lord du Boys, observing this, had eagerly advanced -with the count's banner, beyond the village, thinking that he was -following him, and was made prisoner,—for the count had returned, -as has been said, from the village.</p> - -<p>On the other hand, when those from Busse had overcome the count's -archers, more than a fourth part of his army took to their heels, -namely, the lord de Haplaincourt, the lord d'Aymeries, the lord -d'Inchy, the lord de Robodenghes, and several more; but when this last -had fled about two leagues, he met a herald, who told him that the -count had the best of the battle,—upon which, he returned, and made a -great many others do the same, who joined the count very opportunely, -for he was incessantly rallying his men, and fighting more valiantly -than any other knight in the field, encouraging his people by telling -them that he would conquer or die—so that, by his valour<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_251" id="Page_251">[Pg 251]</a></span> and -exhortations, the van of the king's army was routed and the rear put to -flight.</p> - -<p>In this conflict, and at its very commencement, were slain on the -king's side, the high seneschal of Normandy, Flocquet, Geoffroy La -Hire, and other valiant men at arms, to the number of three or four -hundred lances. On the part of the count were slain, the lord de -Hames, sir Philip de Lalain, and a few more men at arms, but very many -archers,—and there were prisoners made on each side.</p> - -<p>The king encouraged his men to the utmost of his power, and showed -great personal courage; but when he saw his men repulsed, he retreated -to the village,—while the count remained on the field, rallying his -men, and forming them in proper array, for he was expecting every -moment that the king would renew the combat. But this he did not do, -and remained in the village from eight o'clock, when the battle ended, -until sunset, more vexed than can well be imagined, making inquiries -after such as had remained with him, and after those who had run -off,—when, on summing up their numbers, he found that those who<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_252" id="Page_252">[Pg 252]</a></span> had -fled greatly exceeded those who had staid with him.</p> - -<p>Very many of the count's men had hidden themselves in the hedges and -wood, but returned, by two and three at a time, and joined their army, -which had kept together, expecting the battle would be renewed. In -truth, this battle was very hazardous to both parties,—and we must -allow, that it was through the mercy of God that the count de Charolois -obtained the victory, for his army was not nearly so numerous as that -of the king; and had none ran away on either side, the event would have -been more disastrous and mortal,—but God, of his goodness, would not -suffer it, for which may his Name be praised!</p> - -<p>In a very melancholy state did the king of France remain in the village -until sunset, and thence went for Corbeil, six leagues distant, and -arrived there at ten o'clock at night with few attendants, for the -greater part of them had fled; and although no pursuit was made after -them, many fled as far as Amboise, saying, in<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_253" id="Page_253">[Pg 253]</a></span> every place through -which they passed, that the king was killed, and his army totally -defeated.</p> - -<div class="footnotes"><p class="ph3">FOOTNOTES:</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_42_42" id="Footnote_42_42"></a><a href="#FNanchor_42_42"><span class="label">[42]</span></a> Philippe d'Oignies. 'Some call him Gilles. He was lord of -Brouay and of Chaunes, son to Anthony and Jane de Brimeu, and grandson -to Baudouin d'Oignies, governor of Lille, Douay and Orchies, and of -Peronne. He married Antoinette de Beaufort, by whom he had Philippe -d'Oignies, father to Louis, knight of the king's orders, and count de -Charnes.'—<i>Godefroy.</i></p></div></div> - - -<hr class="chap" /> - - - -<p class="ph2"><a name="CHAP_XL" id="CHAP_XL">CHAP. XL.</a></p> - -<blockquote> - -<p>THE CONDUCT OF THE COUNT DE CHAROLOIS AFTER THE VICTORY HE HAD GAINED -OVER THE KING OF FRANCE.—THE CONSEQUENCES OF IT IN DIVERS PLACES.</p></blockquote> - - -<p class="drop"><span class="uppercase">The</span> count de Charolois remained with his army all night on the field of -battle, thinking the king was in Montlehery, and that he would renew -the battle the ensuing day. It was not until sunrise that he heard of -the king's departure, when he entered the village with his army, and -found the cellars filled with dead bodies, which the royalists had -thrown therein, that the numbers of their dead might not be known.</p> - -<p>Before the commencement of the battle, the king had sent three heralds -to Paris, who, on their arrival there about mid day, summoned the -people to arms throughout the city,—and ordered every person capable -of<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_254" id="Page_254">[Pg 254]</a></span> bearing arms to march without delay to Montlehery to assist -the king, who was engaged in battle with the count de Charolois. -Notwithstanding this proclamation, very few marched out, but Joachim -Rohault, marshal of France, who was then in Paris, with five or six -hundred men at arms. They indeed sallied out on horseback, and advanced -to St Cloud, which they found defenceless; for those who had been -posted there by the count de Charolois had fled on seeing the lords -de Haplaincourt and d'Aymeries, with others in great numbers, who -told them that the count had been defeated. The marshal, therefore, -took possession of the place without resistance, and made prisoners -all who fled that way from the battle, and carried them to Paris. The -burgundian lords above mentioned thought to have crossed the Oise -at the Pont de St Maixence; but they found there the lord de Mouy, -governor of Compiègne, with the garrisons of Creil, Senlis, Clermont, -Crespy, and other places, in great numbers, who had assembled there -on hearing that the king had gained the victory, and had besieged the -bridge on the side leading to Montlehery.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_255" id="Page_255">[Pg 255]</a></span></p> - -<p>The inhabitants of Pont St Maixence firmly believing that the king was -victorious, from the flight of the above-named lords who had gained -the town, surrendered, on having their lives spared, at the very first -attack. The lords d'Aymeries, d'Inchy, and several more, were taken -in the town: the lord de Haplaincourt was made prisoner in the open -country, and carried to Paris,—and no man of note who had fled escaped -death or imprisonment: only some poor adventurers were so lucky as -to get off without either happening to them, but in very miserable -conditions. Of those that were carried to Paris, several were executed, -or drowned in the Seine.</p> - -<p>At the attack on St Maixence, a gentleman of the king's party, called -Jeannet de Grouches, whose brother was with the count de Charolois, was -killed by a ball from a cannon.</p> - -<p>When the count de Charolois was assured that the king had retreated -to Corbeil, he caused proclamation to be made, by sound of trumpet, -that if any one required a renewal of the battle, he was ready to -accommodate him: he then had the dead<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_256" id="Page_256">[Pg 256]</a></span> buried,—and had the bodies of -sir Philip de Lalain, the lord de Harnes, the lord de Varennes, and -others, interred in a chapel near to Montlehery; but, soon afterward, -some persons came from Paris with passports, to demand of the count -the body of the lord de Varennes, and, with his permission, carried -it to Paris, where it was handsomely interred in the church of the -Franciscans. He was very much lamented by all who were acquainted with -his many excellent qualities.</p> - -<p>After the king had remained a day or two at Corbeil, he went to Paris, -on the 18th of July,—and he came thither by the side of the river, -near to St Denis, attended by a small company, not consisting of more -than about one hundred horse; but soon after, and daily, there came to -him, in Paris, the count du Maine, admiral of France, and his other -captains, with men at arms in such abundance that the town and the -fields on the river side were full of them. The count de Nevers came to -the king at Paris, but staid a very short time, and then returned to -Peronne.</p> - -<p>When the king had sojourned some<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_257" id="Page_257">[Pg 257]</a></span> time in Paris, he sent the bishop -of Paris, a wise and prudent prelate, to the count de Charolois, to -negotiate a peace between the king and the princes. On the bishop's -appearing before the count, he said, that the king had sent to know -what had moved him to enter his kingdom with so large an army; and -that the king informed him, that when he went into the countries of -his father, he was not accompanied by a great army, but by very few -attendants. The count instantly replied to the bishop, and said, that -two things had moved him thus to enter the kingdom: first, to keep -the engagement made under his seal with the other princes of the -blood-royal, namely, to meet together with their forces near Paris, -for the general welfare of the kingdom, on St John Baptist's day last -past. Secondly, to secure the bodies of two men who were supported in -the kingdom,—and that he had brought so large an army with him for -the safety of his person, which, in his proper country, as heir to his -father, had been attempted by poison, by the sword, and by endeavouring -to carry him off to a foreign country: he therefore had determined to<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_258" id="Page_258">[Pg 258]</a></span> -come with a sufficient guard for his safety. In answer to what the king -had said, that, when he visited his father, he did not come with a -large army, he replied, that at that time he had not the power to come -with such a force; and that he had been received nobly, magnificently, -and peaceably in those countries, where no attempts had been permitted -to be made against his life or personal liberty, although such had been -intended.</p> - -<p>The count added, that he had not entered France with any design of -mischief, but for its general welfare, and had strictly enjoined his -men to pay for whatever they might want, without aggrieving any one. -'In regard,' continued he, 'to the force I have brought with me, I wish -it to be known to all, that I am a man able and desirous to punish my -enemies, and to assist my friends.'</p> - -<p>The bishop, having received this answer, returned to the king at Paris.</p> - - - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_259" id="Page_259">[Pg 259]</a></span></p> - - - - -<p class="ph2"><a name="CHAP_XLI" id="CHAP_XLI">CHAP. XLI.</a></p> - -<blockquote> - -<p>THE DUKES OF BERRY AND OF BRITTANY MEET THE COUNT DE CHAROLOIS AT -ESTAMPES, WHERE THEY ARE ALSO JOINED BY THE DUKES OF BOURBON, OF -CALABRIA, AND OF NEMOURS, WITH THE COUNT D'ARMAGNAC AND OTHERS OF -THEIR CONFEDERATION.—THE KING OF FRANCE LEAVES PARIS FOR ROUEN.</p></blockquote> - - -<p class="drop"><span class="uppercase">The</span> count de Charolois, having remained on the field of battle, and in -Montlehery, so long as he pleased, marched his army toward Estampes, to -wait for the dukes of Berry and of Brittany, who arrived there the 21st -of July, with ten thousand combatants and others well appointed. The -count de Charolois advanced to meet them, and great joy was there on -this event. They afterward entered Estampes together.</p> - -<p>While these things were passing, the count de Charny, who had left -Burgundy with fifty lances to aid the count de Charolois, would not -put himself under the orders of the marshal of Burgundy, com<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_260" id="Page_260">[Pg 260]</a></span>mander -in chief of that army, and took a route for himself. He was watched -by a detachment from the king's army, and made prisoner,—but his men -escaped, and saved themselves as well as they could.</p> - -<p>About eight days after the arrival of the dukes of Berry and Brittany -at Estampes, the dukes of Bourbon and Nemours, with the count -d'Armagnac came thither with a fine army,—and were soon after followed -by the duke of Calabria with a handsome company, among whom were some -Suisses, unarmed, but bold and enterprising. At length, the marshal of -Burgundy arrived with six hundred burgundian lances, many dagger-men, -but few archers. All these lords would have come sooner, had they been -able; but they were so closely followed by the king's army that they -were afraid to hazard the event: it must likewise be supposed that -they were now more emboldened to attempt a junction, as the count de -Charolois had opened a passage for them.</p> - -<p>They now took the road toward the provinces of Beauce and Gâtinois, for -the more easy procuring forage,—and all the towns through which they -passed opened<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_261" id="Page_261">[Pg 261]</a></span> their gates to the duke of Berry. On the other hand, the -king went from Paris to Rouen, to recruit his army, and to put under -arms all his vassals, and every sort of person capable of assisting him -against the rebellious princes.</p> - -<p>After the confederates had refreshed themselves in Beauce and in -Gâtinois, they were daily hoping the king would advance and offer them -battle; but finding that he was gone to Rouen, they made a bridge at -Moret,<a name="FNanchor_43_43" id="FNanchor_43_43"></a><a href="#Footnote_43_43" class="fnanchor">[43]</a> and crossed the Seine,—then, marching through Brie, passed -the Marne by the bridge of Charenton, and quartered themselves near -to Paris. The dukes of Berry and Brittany were lodged at Charenton; -the count de Charolois in the castle of the count de St Pol at -Conflans,—and the van division was posted between Conflans and Paris, -while the bastard of Burgundy was quartered with the rear division -between Conflans and Charenton.</p> - -<p>The dukes of Berry and Brittany afterwards moved their quarters from -Charenton to St Maur and Beauté, and round the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_262" id="Page_262">[Pg 262]</a></span> wood of Vincennes, on -the side next the river. The duke of Calabria, with the others, namely, -the Burgundians, the Armagnacs and the Nemours, remained in Brie, on -the opposite side of the river,—and they might amount to about five -thousand combatants.</p> - -<p>During these movements, the count de Charolois regained possession of -the bridge of St Cloud, which the royalists had abandoned immediately -after the battle of Montlehery. He then caused Lagny sur Marne to -be taken, and bridges thrown over the river, for the more easy -communication of the two divisions of the army, and to besiege Paris, -in which was the count du Maine and other captains; but their men were -so numerous that they were quartered in the villages on the other side -of the Seine, and in blockhouses and small forts which they had erected -for quarters.</p> - -<p>On these bridges being completed, a detachment of the princes' army -crossed the river, and advanced so near to Paris that there was but a -ditch between them and the royalists, when frequent skirmishes took -place, in which many on each side were<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_263" id="Page_263">[Pg 263]</a></span> often killed, wounded, or made -prisoners. Among others was slain the son of sir Simon de Lalain, much -regretted by the count de Charolois's army.</p> - -<p>One day, the princes summoned the town of Paris to surrender, and open -its gates to the duke of Berry, regent of France, otherwise they would -destroy all their vineyards, houses, and villages, round about, and -then attack the town with their whole force. The Parisians required -a short delay to give their answer; during which, they sent off -intelligence of this summons to the king at Rouen, and to signify to -him, that, unless he would come to their relief, they would be obliged -to surrender.</p> - -<p>The king, on receiving this news, collected as many men as he hastily -could, and made such diligence that he entered Paris the 28th of -August. Three days after, he sent the bishop of Paris, with others of -his council, and great lords, to the princes, who procured from them -a truce for some days; during which, a place was appointed between -Paris and Conflans to hold a conference,—and a handsome tent was -there pitched for the reception of the deputies<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_264" id="Page_264">[Pg 264]</a></span> on each side, that -they might consider on the best means to bring forward a treaty to the -satisfaction of all parties.</p> - -<div class="footnotes"><p class="ph3">FOOTNOTES:</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_43_43" id="Footnote_43_43"></a><a href="#FNanchor_43_43"><span class="label">[43]</span></a> Moret,—a town of Gâtinois, on the river Loing, about a -league from the Seine.</p></div></div> - - -<hr class="chap" /> - - - -<p class="ph2"><a name="CHAP_XLII" id="CHAP_XLII">CHAP. XLII.</a></p> - -<blockquote> - -<p>THE VARIOUS ACCOUNTS OF THE SUCCESS OF THE BATTLE OF MONTLEHERY THAT -WERE REPORTED IN DIVERS PLACES.</p></blockquote> - - -<p class="drop"><span class="uppercase">Of</span> those who fled from the battle of Montlehery at the beginning of the -engagement, and could not know the event, some crossed the river Oise, -and proclaimed that the count de Charolois had been totally routed: -others passed by Compiègne, one of whom told the count de Nevers, that -indeed the van of the royal army had been thrown into confusion at the -beginning, but that the king was victorious,—and that the count de -St Pol and the lord de Hautbourdin were slain. He said, that he was -ignorant whether the count de Charolois or his brother, the bastard, -were killed or taken.</p> - -<p>This news was immediately written to the duke of Burgundy, by the -governor of<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_265" id="Page_265">[Pg 265]</a></span> Mondidier; and as the messenger passed through Arras, -the intelligence of the count's defeat was soon spread all over the -country, which caused much sorrow and lamentation,—for they were -ignorant how to act.</p> - -<p>When the lord de Saveuses heard it at Corbie, he set out for Bray -sur Somme, and told the lord de Roubais, the governor, to guard it -well,—and, if he had not a sufficient garrison, he would send him -men enough. He then departed for Bapaumes, attended by about twenty -archers; but at first he was refused admittance, which so irritated him -that he said, if they did not instantly open the gate, he would enter -by force. On hearing this, they admitted him. This refusal surprised -many, for Bapaumes legally belonged to the duke of Burgundy, as part of -the county of Artois.</p> - -<p>From Bapaumes, the lord de Saveuses went to Arras, where he assembled -the inhabitants, and remonstrated with them on the necessity there -was for the well guarding the town, and to raise men for the defence -of the country, and succour their<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_266" id="Page_266">[Pg 266]</a></span> lord with the utmost possible -diligence,—offering, that if they would lend him twenty thousand -francs on the security of his lands, he would immediately employ them -to subsidize troops for the assistance of the count de Charolois, and -for the security of the country. Notwithstanding this generous offer, -he could not find any one that would lend him money on these or on -other terms: he, however, assembled as many men as he could,—so that -they amounted to four or five hundred, horse and foot, well equipped.</p> - -<p>For these exertions, the duke of Burgundy sent him letters-patent, -appointing him governor general of all Artois, and ordered the whole -of the towns within the castlewick of Lille to send to him every man -capable of bearing arms,—by which means, in less than fifteen days, he -had with him more than two thousand combatants, but the greater part -were infantry.</p> - -<p>The lords de Roubais, de Fosseux, and others who had the guard of Bray, -having heard of the proceedings of the lord de Saveuses, abandoned -Bray, and joined him, who blamed them much for having quitted their -garrison, so that several of them re<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_267" id="Page_267">[Pg 267]</a></span>turned thither in less than eight -days, when different intelligence was brought them.</p> - -<p>The governor of Compiègne no sooner heard of the defeat of the count -de Charolois than he assembled a body of troops, and took the town of -Sainte Maixence, and thence went to attack Roye; but the lord du Fay, -the governor, defended it so valiantly that they made no impression, -and lost many of their men,—but on their marching off, they said they -would soon return again with a larger force. This caused the garrisons -of Roye and of Mondidier to send in haste to the duke of Burgundy for -succour,—when the lord de Saveuses sent them as many men as he could -spare, having detachments at Bray and elsewhere.</p> - -<p>While these things were passing, the rivers Seine and Oise were so -strictly guarded by the French that no one could cross them with -letters or baggage without being stopped and plundered by them,—so -that by this means no true intelligence of the battle of Montlehery was -known until some carmelite monks and preaching friars had passed these -rivers in a boat, and brought the real history of the event of this -en<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_268" id="Page_268">[Pg 268]</a></span>gagement, by publishing that the count de Charolois had gained the -honour and victory!</p> - - - -<hr class="chap" /> -<p class="ph2"><a name="CHAP_XLIII" id="CHAP_XLIII">CHAP. XLIII.</a></p> - -<blockquote> - -<p>THE KING OF FRANCE FORMS AN ALLIANCE WITH THE LIEGEOIS, TO MAKE WAR -ON THE DUKE OF BURGUNDY AND THE COUNT DE CHAROLOIS.—THEY BESIEGE THE -TOWN OF LUXEMBOURG.</p></blockquote> - - -<p class="drop"><span class="uppercase">A little</span> before the battle of Montlehery, namely, in the month of June, -the king of France sent an embassy to the Liegeois, the ancient enemies -of the house of Burgundy, to conclude an alliance with them, that -they might make war on the duke of Burgundy and on his son the count -de Charolois. The terms of the treaty were, that, between the feasts -of Saint James and Saint Christopher, the Liegeois were to enter the -countries of Brabant and Namur, belonging to the duke of Burgundy, and -to do all the mischief they possibly could, as in times of war. The -king, on his part, was to<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_269" id="Page_269">[Pg 269]</a></span> assist them with two hundred men at arms, -each having three horses at the least, and invade Hainault,—promising -them, at the same time, never to make peace with the duke or his allies -without their assent, and without their being comprehended in the -treaty: for the fulfilment of this, it was commonly reported that the -king had given his engagement under his hand and seal.</p> - -<p>Of all these negotiations the duke of Burgundy was fully informed; and -about the 22d day of August, as the duke was mounting his horse in the -city of Brussels to go a-hunting, a herald delivered to him letters -from the Liegeois, containing, in substance, that they defied his son -the count de Charolois with fire and sword, and waited an answer. The -duke, after perusing the letters, gave them back to the messenger, and -bade him carry them to his son.</p> - -<p>Hearing this answer, the herald returned to Liege, and, shortly after, -came back with defiances from the Liegeois to the duke and to all -his allies. They were not long before they marched from Liege and -entered the duke's territories, commit<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_270" id="Page_270">[Pg 270]</a></span>ting every sort of mischief, -and advanced to lay siege to the town of Luxembourg. The duke, when -informed of these proceedings, sent in haste to his friends and allies, -namely, the dukes of Cleves and of Gueldres, his nephews, the count -of Nassau, the marquis of Rothelin, the count of Horne, and to others -bordering on the territories of Liege, who raised a large army, and the -duke himself would have gone personally to command it; but when the -Liegeois saw the power of the duke so great, notwithstanding the army -his son had in France, and that the king had failed in his engagement -to send two hundred lances to invade Hainault, they broke up their -siege, and marched back to Liege.</p> - -<p>During this time, the duchess of Cleves, daughter to the count de -Nevers, came to the duke of Burgundy at Brussels,—but three days -passed before he would see her. She was then admitted to his presence, -and, falling on her knees, with tears, most humbly implored him to take -pity on her father and on herself; for that, if her father was ruined, -she must also suffer, as well as her three fine sons by the duke of -Cleves; ac<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_271" id="Page_271">[Pg 271]</a></span>knowledging, at the same time, that every thing her father -and herself possessed came from his bounty, who had educated and raised -them so high that it was notorious to every one.</p> - -<p>The duke was so much affected by this speech that his eyes were filled -with tears; but he replied, 'Your father has ungratefully repaid what -he has received from this house. I sent to tell him to depart from -Peronne, and to go into his county of Nevers, or into the Rethelois, -and there remain until I should have induced my son to be satisfied -with him,—but he has done neither, and has armed himself against my -lord of Berry, and against my son, doing every thing in his power -to oppose them. He keeps possession of my inheritances of Peronne, -Mondidier and Roye, as if they were absolutely his own; but it is not -so,—for he holds them for a sum of money, the repayment of which was -offered him, but he would not accept it. I know not if he intends -seizing my other inheritances in the same way; but he shall not have -them,—for, if it please God, I will guard them well.' On saying this, -he left the lady.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_272" id="Page_272">[Pg 272]</a></span></p> - -<p>Three or four days afterward, the duke of Cleves came to Brussels, to -speak with the duke, having left his troops in garrison on the borders -of Liege. He had not been with the duke for some time, on account of -these family quarrels. The good duke received him most kindly, and -entertained him handsomely, as he well knew how to do; for he had with -him the duchesses of Bourbon, of Cleves, of Gueldres, and other ladies.</p> - -<p>In the month of June of this year, about six score houses were burnt -in the town of Ardres; and it was commonly said, that it had been done -through the wickedness of persons sent thither by the chancellor or -others of the party of the king of France, and who were to attempt the -like throughout the dominions of the duke of Burgundy. Some of these -incendiaries were taken at St Omer, but the rest escaped out of the -country.</p> - -<p>It was full fifteen days after the battle of Montlehery, before the -duke of Burgundy received a true account of the event; for no one -dared to mention the reports until the event was certainly known, -lest he<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_273" id="Page_273">[Pg 273]</a></span> should have a relapse of his late illness, from which he was -not perfectly recovered. When, therefore, he was fully ascertained of -the truth, he sent a large sum of money to his son for the pay of his -troops, under the escort of the lord de Saveuses, accompanied by all -his men, as well cavalry as infantry. He brought it very safe to the -count at Conflans, in company with the lord de Hautbourdin, who had -been sent with a strong force, for greater security, to meet him at -Mondidier,—for the French had intended to attack and plunder him; but -on their junction, they durst not meet them.</p> - -<p>The lord de Saveuses, on approaching Conflans, drew up his men in -order of battle, and thus waited on the count, who received him most -joyfully, and took great pleasure in seeing the old warrior so well -and so handsomely armed,—telling him, that he would have given forty -thousand crowns if he had been with him at the battle of Montlehery.</p> - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_274" id="Page_274">[Pg 274]</a></span></p> - - - - -<p class="ph2"><a name="CHAP_XLIV" id="CHAP_XLIV">CHAP. XLIV.</a></p> - -<blockquote> - -<p>THE INHABITANTS OF THE TOWN OF DINANT<a name="FNanchor_44_44" id="FNanchor_44_44"></a><a href="#Footnote_44_44" class="fnanchor">[44]</a> INSULT THE COUNT DE -CHAROLOIS WITH MOCKERIES.—THE KING OF FRANCE MEETS THE COUNT DE -CHAROLOIS AT CONFLANS.—THE DUKE OF BOURBON TAKES THE TOWN OF ROUEN.</p></blockquote> - - -<p class="drop"><span class="uppercase">In</span> the mean time, the inhabitants of Dinant, mortally hating the duke -of Burgundy and his son, trusting to the strength of their town, and to -their riches, and calling to remembrance, that, although they had been -besieged seventeen times by kings and emperors, the place had never -been taken, but that they had for a long time pillaged and robbed their -neighbours, more particularly the subjects of the duke of Burgundy, and -had increased their wealth daily by the riches they brought into the -town; foolishly believing in the first news brought them of the defeat -of the count de Charolois, determined in their folly to show<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_275" id="Page_275">[Pg 275]</a></span> their old -envenomed hatred to the house of Burgundy, by dressing up a resemblance -of the count de Charolois in his armour, and carrying it to the town of -Bovines hard by, which belonged to the duke of Burgundy as parcel of -the county of Namur. They were in great numbers, and in arms, and when -they were near to the walls of Bovines, they erected a gibbet, and hung -thereon this figure of the count de Charolois; shouting out to those in -the town, 'See here, the son of your duke! that false traitor the count -de Charolois, whom the king of France will have hanged as you see his -representative hanging here. He called himself the son of your duke: he -lied,—for he was a mean bastard, changed in his infancy for the son of -our bishop, the lord de Haisenberghe, who thought to conquer the king -of France.' Many other villainous expressions did they use against the -duke of Burgundy and his son, menacing their countries with fire and -sword.</p> - -<p>By this outrageous and childish conduct, they greatly offended the good -duchess of Burgundy, mother to the count de Charolois, who was alway -reputed to be the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_276" id="Page_276">[Pg 276]</a></span> most modest and chaste woman that was in the land of -Portugal. When, therefore, these things were told to the duke and the -count de Charolois, they were much angered,—and the son swore, that -he would make them dearly pay for it, as indeed happened very shortly -after.</p> - -<p>While the confederated princes were surrounding Paris, the king left -the city in a boat, accompanied by about twenty persons, and rowed down -to Conflans, where the count de Charolois was posted. The count, on -hearing of the king's approach, went to meet him, when they embraced -each other like old and loving friends. A conversation ensued between -them; but I know not what passed, except that, shortly after, the -count wrote to his father, to say that the king had been to see him, -and had used very kind expressions in conversation. The king, on his -departure, told the count, that if he would come to Paris he would give -him a handsome reception; but the count replied, that he had made a vow -not to enter any great town until he was on his march home. He then -escorted the king back, attended by his archers, to<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_277" id="Page_277">[Pg 277]</a></span> whom the king gave -fifty golden crowns to drink together.</p> - -<p>During this truce, the lord de Croy and his friends were at Paris, -and laboured most diligently to make their peace with the count de -Charolois: even the king exerted himself greatly in their favour,—but -the count would not listen to nor hear talk of it, as the lord de Croy -had once accompanied the king to Conflans; but the count de Charolois -ordered him not to come thither again. The king made frequent visits -there; and several secret conversations passed between him and the -count, to whom the king showed the greatest appearance of affection -and regard, which the truest friend could show another, frequently -sending back to Paris his guards, and remaining with the count with few -attendants, saying, that he thought himself fully as safe when in his -company as if he were in the city of Paris.</p> - -<p>While these things were passing, it happened that the governor of the -castle of Boulogne sur mer, in conjunction with a sergeant, sold this -castle to the English of Calais and Guines, and was to give them<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_278" id="Page_278">[Pg 278]</a></span> -possession thereof on the 28th day of August, while they set fire -to the lower town, and during the confusion the English were to be -admitted. The sergeant, however, told their plan to a companion of his, -who betrayed them, and they were both instantly arrested, and, on the -fact being proved, were beheaded, the 2d day of September following, -and their bodies hung on a gibbet.</p> - -<p>It was these two who had found means to displace the son of the lord -de Croy from his command in the castle, and replace him with those -attached to the count de Charolois, who, on this account, had given -them all the effects of the said de Croy that were in the castle. He -had also promised them other great favours: nevertheless, they had -betrayed him also.</p> - -<p>In the month of August, in this year, king Henry VI. of England was -taken prisoner by a party of king Edward's. He was mounted on a small -poney, and thus led through the streets of London, when, according to -the orders of Edward, no one saluted or did him the least honour,—for -it had been forbidden, under pain of death.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_279" id="Page_279">[Pg 279]</a></span> He was carried to the -tower of London, in the front of which was a tree, after the manner of -a pillory, round which he was led three times, and then confined in the -tower. This proceeding troubled many of the citizens of London,—but -they dared not show any signs of it, nor open their mouths on the -subject.</p> - -<p>Toward the end of September, the Bretons took the town of Pontoise, -during the night, by means of the governor and other accomplices. -The duke of Bourbon also entered the castle of Rouen with a body of -men at arms, under pretence, and in the name of the duke of Berry. -He placed therein the widow of the late lord de Varennes, in whom, -however, the king had great confidence,—and the principal persons in -the town had advised her going thither. Shortly after, the duke went -to the town-house, where the commonalty waited on him, and submitted -themselves to his obedience, on behalf of the duke of Berry, as their -lord and duke of Normandy. The duke then went to the other towns in -the duchy, as far as Caen, who all surrendered to him for the duke of -Berry.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_280" id="Page_280">[Pg 280]</a></span></p> - -<p>During this time, a destructive warfare was going forward in the -countries of the duke of Burgundy and Liege, which were alternately -overrun and plundered, more especially by those of Dinant,—so that it -was a pity to see the great mischiefs that ensued. Those from Dinant -were one day met by a party of Burgundians, who put them to the rout, -with great slaughter, and some little loss on their side. Those that -escaped made all haste back to Dinant, and, on their return thither, -to revenge themselves, ran to the town-prison, in which were three -burgundian prisoners, whom they led out, to hang them on the first tree -they should find without the town. One of them offered his vows to St -James the apostle, when the cord broke, and he escaped unhurt! Instead -of him, they seized a youth from Arras, the son of Martin Corneille, -as he was returning from his studies; and if some among them had not -remonstrated, that, instead of hanging him, they might force his father -to pay a large sum for his safety, he would infallibly have been put to -death.</p> - - - - - -<div class="footnotes"><p class="ph3">FOOTNOTES:</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_44_44" id="Footnote_44_44"></a><a href="#FNanchor_44_44"><span class="label">[44]</span></a> Dinant,—a town of the bishoprick of Liege, on the Maes, -16 leagues from Liege.</p></div></div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_281" id="Page_281">[Pg 281]</a></span></p> -<hr class="chap" /> - -<p class="ph2"><a name="CHAP_XLV" id="CHAP_XLV">CHAP. XLV.</a></p> - -<blockquote> - -<p>THE DEATH OF THE COUNTESS DE CHAROLOIS.—THE COUNT DE NEVERS IS MADE -PRISONER IN THE CASTLE OF PERONNE.—THE LIEGEOIS ARE DISCOMFITED AT -MONTENAC.<a name="FNanchor_45_45" id="FNanchor_45_45"></a><a href="#Footnote_45_45" class="fnanchor">[45]</a>—THE TREATY OF CONFLANS, BETWEEN THE KING OF FRANCE AND -THE CONFEDERATED PRINCES.</p></blockquote> - - -<p class="drop"><span class="uppercase">On</span> the 25th day of September, in this year, the countess de Charolois -departed this life in the town of Brussels. She was the daughter of -the late duke of Bourbon, and a good and devout lady. She left behind -only one child, a daughter, named Mary, and had always the grace to be -humble, benignant, and full of the best qualities a lady could have, -and was never out of humour. The duchesses of Burgundy and Bourbon were -present at her decease, and were in great grief for her loss.</p> - -<p>A Burgundy-gentleman, named Arkembarc, had made frequent visits to the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_282" id="Page_282">[Pg 282]</a></span> -count de Nevers, in Peronne, for the space of a month, having passports -from the lord de Saveuses and from the king: he had likewise been with -the count de Charolois and the duke of Burgundy, to find means for the -count de Nevers to surrender Peronne. It is to be supposed that there -was some secret treaty entered into between them,—for on the 3d day of -October, at four o'clock in the morning, the said Arkembarc accompanied -by the lords de Roubaix and de Frommeles, and from five to six hundred -combatants, advanced to Peronne as secretly as they could.</p> - -<p>When he came near the town, he left his companions, and, attended by -only twelve persons, approached the bulwark on the outside of the -castle, which he entered by scaling ladders, and making prisoners those -within, by their means entered the tower and dungeon of the castle. -They there found the count de Nevers, the lord de Sally, and some -others in bed, whom they laid hands on as day broke; but the count and -his companions began shouting so loud that they were heard in the town, -and the garrison hastily advanced in arms<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_283" id="Page_283">[Pg 283]</a></span> to enter the castle,—but -before this, from sixty to four score of the duke's men had followed -their companions into the castle, and, mounting the battlements, -harangued those below, declaring they were the duke of Burgundy's men, -who had sent them thither, and they now summoned them to surrender the -town to the duke. The garrison and townsmen retired apart, to confer -together, and, toward the evening, answered, that they were willing to -obey the duke, and opened their gates to the lord de Roubaix and all -his men.</p> - -<p>Thus was the town of Peronne taken, and restored to the obedience of -the duke of Burgundy. It was currently reported, that the count de -Nevers had wished it to be thus managed, that it might appear to the -king, to whom he had sworn allegiance, that it had been won without his -consent: it was also added, that it was upon this condition he had made -up the disagreements between him, the duke of Burgundy, and the count -de Charolois. Whatever truth may have been in these rumours, the count -de Nevers was carried a prisoner to Bethune, and Arkembarc remained -governor of the town and castle of Peronne.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_284" id="Page_284">[Pg 284]</a></span></p> - -<p>The 15th of this month of October, about five in the morning, the -heavens seemed to open, and the brightest light appeared, resembling a -bar of burning iron, of the length of a lance, which turned round, and -the end that was at first very thick became suddenly thin, and then -disappeared. This was seen, for more than a quarter of an hour, from -the town of Arras.</p> - -<p>On the 19th of the same month, about eighteen hundred combatants, on -the part of the duke of Burgundy, entered the territories of Liege, -under the command of the count de Nassau, the seneschal of Hainault, -the lords de Groothuse and de Gasebecque, sir John de Rubempré grand -bailiff of Hainault, and other knights and esquires. They burnt and -destroyed the whole line of their march until they came near to the -large village of Montenac, situated five leagues from the city of -Liege, and which the Liegeois had fortified and garrisoned with a force -of four thousand men, then within it.</p> - -<p>These Liegeois, observing the Burgundians march so near, without making -any attempt on the place because it was forti<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_285" id="Page_285">[Pg 285]</a></span>fied, sallied out, and -posted themselves where the duke's men must pass, with the intent to -offer them combat. They surrounded themselves on all sides, except -the front, with their baggage-waggons,—and there they drew up their -artillery in a very orderly manner.</p> - -<p>The duke's men, observing their enemies thus posted, and ready for -battle, held a council, and determined to attempt drawing them from -their strong position, and, in consequence, pretended to retreat from -fear. The Liegeois seeing this manœuvre, and mistaking it for fear -of them, instantly quitted their post, and began to pursue them. But -matters turned out differently from what they had thought; for the -duke's men wheeled about, and instantly attacked them with such vigour -that they were immediately discomfited and put to flight, leaving dead -on the field more than twenty-two hundred men; and as the duke's party -lost but one archer, it was a splendid victory to them.</p> - -<p>During this time, the king of France remained in Paris, and the -confederate princes around it, while the negotiators on<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_286" id="Page_286">[Pg 286]</a></span> each side were -busily employed in establishing a treaty of peace between them. This -was at length accomplished, in manner following, which I shall relate -as briefly as I have been able to collect the articles.</p> - -<p>First, it was ordered, that to remedy the grievances of the realm, and -to ease the people from the heavy exactions they had borne, the king -should appoint thirty-six of the most able and discreet persons of his -realm, namely, twelve prelates, twelve knights, and twelve counsellors, -well informed as to law and justice, who should have full powers and -authority to inquire into the causes of the grievances complained of, -and to apply a sufficient and permanent remedy to prevent such in -future; and the king promised, on the word of a king, that he would put -into execution all that they should recommend on this subject. They -were to commence their examinations on the 15th day of the ensuing -December, and to finish the whole within forty days afterwards.</p> - -<p>Item, all divisions were now to be at an end,—and no one was to be -reproached for the part he had taken on either side,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_287" id="Page_287">[Pg 287]</a></span> nor was any one -to suffer for his late conduct. Each person was to have restored to -him whatever had belonged to him before open hostilities commenced, -notwithstanding any acts to the contrary.</p> - -<p>Item, the count de Dunois was to be repossessed of all the lands the -king had taken from him.</p> - -<p>Item, the count de Dammartin was to have again his county of Dammartin, -and all other his lands which the king might have given away as -confiscated.</p> - -<p>Item, the count d'Armagnac was to have again the lands the king had -seized.</p> - -<p>Item, the duke of Bourbon was to have all his towns, castles, and -lands, which the king had conquered, restored to him; and he was, -besides, to receive an annual pension of thirty-six thousand francs, -on account of his marriage with the king's sister, and to be appointed -captain of the gens d'armes on the king's establishment.</p> - -<p>Item, in consideration of the king having failed in his engagements -with the duke of Calabria, respecting the conquest of Naples, he was -to receive the sum of two hundred thousand golden crowns, and to<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_288" id="Page_288">[Pg 288]</a></span> have -the command of three hundred lances of the gens d'armes on the king's -establishment.</p> - -<p>Item, the duke de Nemours was also to have the command of two hundred -of the said lances, and to be appointed governor of the Isle de France.</p> - -<p>Item, the count de St Pol was constituted constable of France; and the -king invested him with his sword of office, with his own hand, publicly -in the palace at Paris.</p> - -<p>Item, the duke of Berry, only brother to the king, was to have given -him, as his appanage, the duchy of Normandy, for him and the heirs-male -of his body, to hold in the same free manner as the dukes of Normandy -had anciently held the same from the kings of France; that is to say, -by fealty and homage; and thenceforward the dukes of Brittany and -Alençon should hold their duchies from the duke of Normandy, as they -had done in times passed.</p> - -<p>Item, the count de Charolois should have restored to him all the lands -which had been repurchased by the king from the duke his father, -together with the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_289" id="Page_289">[Pg 289]</a></span> county of Guines, to be enjoyed by him and his -heirs-male, in the manner as shall hereafter be expressed.</p> - -<p>Item, the king promises, by this treaty, never to constrain any of -the said princes to appear personally before him, whatever summons he -may issue, saving on such services as they owe to the king on their -fidelity, and for the defence and evident welfare of the kingdom.</p> - -<p>Item, all such towns, castles, and forts as may have been taken during -these said divisions, on either side, shall be instantly restored to -their right owners, with all or any effects that may have been taken -from them.</p> - -<p>When these matters had been fully settled, each of the princes received -letters-patent from the king, confirming all the articles that -concerned each personally.</p> - - - -<div class="footnotes"><p class="ph3">FOOTNOTES:</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_45_45" id="Footnote_45_45"></a><a href="#FNanchor_45_45"><span class="label">[45]</span></a> Montenac,—a village of Messin, near Metz.</p></div></div> - - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_290" id="Page_290">[Pg 290]</a></span></p> - -<p class="ph2"><a name="CHAP_XLVI" id="CHAP_XLVI">CHAP. XLVI.</a></p> - -<blockquote> - -<p>A ROYAL EDICT RESPECTING WHAT THE KING OF FRANCE HAD CONCEDED TO THE -COUNT DE CHAROLOIS BY THE TREATY OF CONFLANS.</p></blockquote> - - -<p class="drop"><span class="uppercase">'Louis</span>, &c. Whereas by the advice and deliberation of our said brother -of Normandy, and of our very dear and well beloved cousins the dukes of -Brittany, Calabria, Bourbon, Nemours,—the counts du Maine, du Perche, -and d'Armagnac,—the presidents of our court of parliament, and other -able and well informed persons of our realm, we have given, conceded, -and yielded up, and by these presents do give, concede, and yield up to -our said brother and cousin the count de Charolois, in consideration -and in recompence of what has been before stated, and also because our -said cousin has liberally and fully supported, as far as lay in his -power, our said brother, and the other princes of our blood, in the -settlement of the late divisions, and for the restoration of peace, -for him and his heirs,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_291" id="Page_291">[Pg 291]</a></span> males and females, legally descended from him, -to enjoy for ever the cities, towns, fortresses, lands, and lordships, -appertaining to us on and upon each side of the river Somme,—namely, -Amiens, St Quentin, Corbie, Abbeville, together with the county -of Ponthieu, lying on both sides of the river Somme, Dourlens, St -Ricquier, Crevecoeur, Arleux, Montrieul, Crotoy, Mortaigne, with all -their dependances whatever, and all others that may have belonged -to us in right of our crown, from the said river Somme inclusively, -stretching on the side of Artois, Flanders, and Hainault, as well -within our kingdom as within the limits of the empire,—all of which -our said uncle of Burgundy lately held and was in the possession of, -by virtue of the treaty of Arras, prior to the repurchase we made of -them,—comprehending also, in regard to the towns seated on the Somme -on the side nearest our kingdom, the bailiwicks and sheriffdoms of -these said towns in the same form and manner as our said uncle was -possessed of them, to be enjoyed by our said brother and cousin, and by -their legal heirs, males and females, descending in a<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_292" id="Page_292">[Pg 292]</a></span> direct line from -them, together with all the revenues, domains, and taxes, in the same -manner as enjoyed by our said uncle, without retaining to ourself any -thing, excepting the faith, homage, and sovereignty, as lord paramount -of the same.</p> - -<p>'This mortgage we have made, and do make, in consideration of the -repayment of the sum of two hundred thousand golden crowns of full -weight, and of the current coin, and which neither we nor our -successors shall be enabled to recover again, by repayment of the -said two hundred thousand crowns, from our said brother and cousin -during their natural lives; but it may be lawful for us, or our -successors, to recover these lands from the direct heirs of our said -brother and cousin, or from their heirs descending in a direct line, -who may be in the possession of them, on paying back the said sum of -two hundred thousand crowns. For the security of our being enabled to -make such repurchase, our said brother and cousin shall deliver to us -letters-patent, in due form, for the better confirmation of the same; -and we will and understand that our said brother and cou<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_293" id="Page_293">[Pg 293]</a></span>sin, and their -legal heirs, that may be in the possession of these territories, shall -have full powers to nominate and appoint, at their pleasure, all and -every officer that shall be necessary for the government and regulation -of these said towns and countries; and that such officers as shall be -necessary for the collecting of all royal taxes, aids, or impositions, -shall be nominated by us, at the recommendation of our said brother and -cousin, and their heirs, as was done during the time our said uncle of -Burgundy held these towns and countries.</p> - -<p>'Whereas, by the treaty of Arras, it was agreed, among other articles, -that the county of Boulogne should remain to our uncle of Burgundy, and -the heirs male of his body lawfully begotten,—and whereas our late -lord and father bound himself to recompense all who claimed any right -to it,—we, for the causes and considerations before mentioned, and -without derogating from the treaty of Arras, confirm the above article -respecting the county of Boulogne, and declare that our said brother -and cousin, their heirs, male or female, lawfully begotten by them, -shall hold, during their<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_294" id="Page_294">[Pg 294]</a></span> lives only, the said county of Boulogne, in -the form and manner specified in the treaty of Arras, and that they -may reap the same advantages from it as if it were their own proper -inheritance. And we engage to make those consent to the same, who may -claim any right to the said county, and give them such compensation -as we shall judge proper, so that our said brother, cousin, and their -heirs, shall have peaceable possession of the same.</p> - -<p>'We have also promised, and by these presents do promise, our said -brother and cousin, that we will cause to be frankly and freely -delivered up, as far as in us lies, and we restore, from this instant, -the castles, towns, castlewicks and provostships, of Peronne, Mondidier -and Roye, with all their dependances, discharged of whatever debts -or mortgages may have attached to them, in the same full manner as -they were given to our said uncle by our father, in consequence of -the treaty of Arras, to enjoy the same in like manner as they were -enjoyed before, according to that article in the said treaty; and we -will procure that our very dear and well beloved cousin the count de<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_295" id="Page_295">[Pg 295]</a></span> -Nevers, shall surrender to our said brother and cousin the right he -lays claim to respecting these towns, castles, &c. and that he shall -give possession of the same into the hands of our said brother and -cousin, or to any commissioners appointed by them. In addition, we have -likewise conveyed to our said brother and cousin the county of Guines, -as a perpetual inheritance for them, their heirs and successors, to -hold and enjoy all rights, taxes, and other emoluments within the same, -as and in like manner with the preceding. In respect to any claim on -this county made by the lord de Croy, or others who may pretend to -such, we engage to satisfy the said lord de Croy and the others, on -this head, and to assure to our said brother and cousin the possession -of the said county, free from all let or hinderance on the part of the -lord de Croy and all others.</p> - -<p>'All the above articles we have promised, and do now promise, -punctually to perform, on our royal word,' &c.</p> - -<p>This ordinance was published at Paris, on the 5th of October, in the -year 1465, under the great seal of France, and regis<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_296" id="Page_296">[Pg 296]</a></span>tered by the -parliament on the 11th of the same month.</p> - -<p>At the end of this ordinance, the king commands all his judges and -other officers to see that these engagements and conveyances are -carried into full and speedy effect,—and at the beginning of it were -stated the causes and reasons which had moved the king to make such -concessions to the count de Charolois.</p> - -<p>First, to recompense him for the very great expenses he had been at to -raise so great an army to join his brother, the duke of Berry, for the -welfare of the kingdom.</p> - -<p>Secondly, to appease the discords and divisions then existing between -the king and the princes of his realm, in which the count de Charolois -had greatly exerted himself.</p> - -<p>Thirdly, because, in consequence of these divisions, the Liegeois had -raised a considerable force, and had invaded the dominions of the duke -of Burgundy, and had done great mischiefs.</p> - -<p>Fourthly, respecting the repurchase of the towns and lands on the -Somme, that had been mortgaged to the duke of Bur<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_297" id="Page_297">[Pg 297]</a></span>gundy, who considered -himself entitled to the enjoyment of this country, notwithstanding the -repurchase, and that the king had taken immediate possession of the -same.</p> - -<p>And, lastly, to recompense the count de Charolois for the pension of -thirty-six thousand francs, which the king had given him and afterward -taken from him.</p> - -<p>From all these considerations, the king had made such great concessions -to the count de Charolois by the treaty of Conflans; and, in -addition, at the request of the said count, the king had increased -the jurisdictions of the provostships of Vimeu, of Beauvoisis, and of -Fouilloy,<a name="FNanchor_46_46" id="FNanchor_46_46"></a><a href="#Footnote_46_46" class="fnanchor">[46]</a> to avoid any disputes that might arise between the king's -officers and those of the count, as these provostships are included -within the bailiwick of Amiens, for the count and his heirs to enjoy -on similar terms with those before specified, by letters under the -great seal, dated Paris, the 14th day of the same month of October, and -enregistered by the parliament on the 16th.</p> - -<p>Thus were the quarrels between the king and the princes appeased.<a name="FNanchor_47_47" id="FNanchor_47_47"></a><a href="#Footnote_47_47" class="fnanchor">[47]</a></p> -<div class="footnotes"><p class="ph3">FOOTNOTES:</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_46_46" id="Footnote_46_46"></a><a href="#FNanchor_46_46"><span class="label">[46]</span></a> Fouilloy,—a village in Picardy, near Corbie.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_47_47" id="Footnote_47_47"></a><a href="#FNanchor_47_47"><span class="label">[47]</span></a> When Louis XI. was asked, how he could make such -concessions, and sign a treaty so prejudicial to the interest of the -crown, he replied, 'that it was in consideration of the youth of my -brother of Berry,—of the prudence of my fair cousin of Calabria,—of -the sense of my brother-in law of Bourbon,—of the malice of the count -d'Armagnac,—of the great pride of my fair cousin of Brittany,—and of -the invincible army of my fair brother of Charolois.' -</p> -<p> -<i>Proofs to Comines</i>, No. 65. -</p> -<p> -The chamber of accounts protested against this treaty of Conflans. -There are many very curious papers respecting the history of this -period in the Proofs to the Memoires de Comines.</p></div> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_298" id="Page_298">[Pg 298]</a></span></p> - - - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<p class="ph2"><a name="CHAP_XLVII" id="CHAP_XLVII">CHAP. XLVII.</a></p> - -<blockquote> - -<p>THE KING IS PRESENT AT A REVIEW OF THE COUNT DE CHAROLOIS' ARMY.—THE -COUNT TAKES LEAVE OF THE KING, AND MARCHES HIS ARMY AGAINST THE -LIEGEOIS.—THE DUKE OF BERRY DOES HOMAGE TO THE KING FOR THE DUCHY OF -NORMANDY.</p></blockquote> - - -<p class="drop"><span class="uppercase">When</span> this treaty was concluded between the king and the princes of -France, they<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_299" id="Page_299">[Pg 299]</a></span> one day assembled together in the castle of Vincennes, -wherein the lord de Saveuses was, for that day, lodged by orders -from the count de Charolois, when Charles, the newly-created duke of -Normandy, did homage to the king for that duchy; after which the other -princes did homage for what each had individually obtained from him in -lands or honours,—after which they took their leave of the king, and -of each other, to return to their homes.</p> - -<p>When these ceremonies were over, the count de Charolois made a review -of his men at arms and other troops, as the king wished to see -them,-and for this purpose they were drawn up between Conflans<a name="FNanchor_48_48" id="FNanchor_48_48"></a><a href="#Footnote_48_48" class="fnanchor">[48]</a> and -Paris. The king, on seeing them, was astonished, and could not refrain -from saying, that he did not imagine the count de Charolois had been so -powerful, or had such handsome and well-appointed men at arms.</p> - -<p>The review being over, the count took leave of the king and the other -princes, and departed from Conflans, the last day of<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_300" id="Page_300">[Pg 300]</a></span> October, with -his whole army; but the king would accompany him, in spite of his -entreaties to return, as far as Villiers-le-bel.<a name="FNanchor_49_49" id="FNanchor_49_49"></a><a href="#Footnote_49_49" class="fnanchor">[49]</a> The king had very -few attendants; but what was more, they remained together in this village -three or four days, making good cheer, and discoursing secretly on their -private affairs. The king showed the utmost possible affection for the -count, and it was with difficulty that he parted from him.</p> - -<p>At length the king returned, and the count proceeded to Senlis, wherein -he was most honourably received, and thence to Compiègne and Noyon, -where, and in all the other towns of France he passed through, the same -honours were shown him,—for such had been the king's orders, and he -was to be admitted with whatever company he pleased. He did enter with -such a large body that he was superior to any of their garrisons; but -his men paid regularly for every thing they wanted, without doing the -smallest damage,—for such were the count's commands, on pain of death -to all who should act to the contrary.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_301" id="Page_301">[Pg 301]</a></span></p> - -<p>While the count de Charolois was at Conflans, he received several -letters from the duke of Burgundy, to send him five or six thousand -combatants to join those whom he was collecting to march against the -Liegeois; for that his intention was to command them in person, and -offer the Liegeois battle, which made the count the more anxious to -leave France, to assist his father and revenge himself on those of -Dinant, who had insulted him so grossly, as has been before mentioned.</p> - -<p>In consequence of the treaty of Conflans, several of the lords of his -army had left him and disbanded their men; but he issued his summons -throughout the dominions of his father the duke, for those who had been -with him in France, and all others accustomed to bear arms, to John him -at Mezieres, on the Meuse,<a name="FNanchor_50_50" id="FNanchor_50_50"></a><a href="#Footnote_50_50" class="fnanchor">[50]</a> the 15th day of November next, in arms, -and as well mounted as possible, under pain of corporal punishment and -confiscation of effects, whither the count marched with the remainder -of those who had accompanied<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_302" id="Page_302">[Pg 302]</a></span> him to France. On the day appointed, -the gens d'armes of the states of the duke of Burgundy appeared round -Mezieres; but several came thither much against their wills, for they -had been badly paid for their expedition to France: of the twenty-two -weeks they had there served, they were only paid for seventeen; but -they dared not complain, so much was the count redoubted and feared.</p> - -<p>There was now in and about Mezieres a larger and better appointed army -than had ever been in France; for the large towns under the dependance -of the duke sent thither archers and cross-bowmen,—and there repaired -thither several knights and esquires of those countries that had been -redeemed from the crown of France, and other warriors who had not been -of the late expedition, and even some who had been in the late quarrels -of the king's party against the count de Charolois.</p> - - - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_303" id="Page_303">[Pg 303]</a></span></p> - -<div class="footnotes"><p class="ph3">FOOTNOTES:</p> - - - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_48_48" id="Footnote_48_48"></a><a href="#FNanchor_48_48"><span class="label">[48]</span></a> Conflans—is on the Seine, six leagues from Paris.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_49_49" id="Footnote_49_49"></a><a href="#FNanchor_49_49"><span class="label">[49]</span></a> Villiers-le-bel. Q. Villiers-le-basele? in the Isle of -France, near Paris.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_50_50" id="Footnote_50_50"></a><a href="#FNanchor_50_50"><span class="label">[50]</span></a> Mezieres, on the Meuse,—a strong city in Champagne, five -leagues from Charleville.</p></div></div> - -<hr class="chap" /> - - -<p class="ph2"><a name="CHAP_XLVIII" id="CHAP_XLVIII">CHAP. XLVIII.</a></p> - -<blockquote> - -<p>THE ENTRY OF THE DUKE OF BERRY INTO ROUEN.—THE KING OF FRANCE GOES -INTO NORMANDY AND RETAKES POSSESSION OF THAT DUCHY.—HE CAUSES SOME -OF THE LORDS OF THAT COUNTRY, WHO HAD SUPPORTED HIS BROTHER, TO BE -EXECUTED AND DROWNED.</p></blockquote> - - -<p class="drop"><span class="uppercase">When</span> the confederated princes had separated at Conflans, Charles the -new duke of Normandy, accompanied by the duke of Brittany, the count -de Dunois, and other lords, set out to visit his duchy of Normandy, -and went first to Mont St Catherine, above Rouen; for the whole of -the country, as has been said, had submitted to his obedience. He -was advised to make his public entry into Rouen on the feast of St -Catherine,—and the inhabitants had made great preparations for his -reception.</p> - -<p>The duke of Brittany, however, for some private reasons, had the entry -deferred, which much displeased the inhabitants of that town; and -finding that the duke<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_304" id="Page_304">[Pg 304]</a></span> had not given any orders for so doing, they -assembled in arms, and went to their new duke in a numerous body, to -request that he would instantly make his entry into their town. The -count de Harcourt, then his principal adviser and favourite, urged -him to comply with their request without farther delay; which he -assented to, whether the duke of Brittany would or not, and followed -the townsmen into Rouen, where he was grandly feasted, to the great -vexation of the duke of Brittany, who could not at that time prevent -it,—for he had not then his men at arms with him, and was forced to -dissemble. He was so much enraged that he departed for Brittany with -those he had with him; and, on going away, they carried off the bedding -and sheets of the good people where they had been lodged, as if they -had been in an enemy's country.</p> - -<p>They seized also some of the towns in Normandy, wherein the duke left a -party of his men to guard them,—and among others, he took possession -of the town and castle of Caen, where he placed a larger force to guard -and defend the castle.</p> - -<p>On these things coming to the king's<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_305" id="Page_305">[Pg 305]</a></span> knowledge, he hastily assembled -as many men as he could, and marched first to Caen, which was -surrendered to him by the duke of Brittany; and shortly after, all -the other towns in Normandy surrendered to the king, excepting Rouen, -Louviers, Pont de l'Arche, and some castles. The new duke resided at -Rouen, where those who had received him as their lord had promised to -stand by him until death; but the duke perceived clearly that they -would not long keep their promises; and for that reason he quitted the -town of Rouen, and sought an asylum with the duke of Brittany, who -received him with kindness.</p> - -<p>Soon after the departure of the duke, those of Rouen surrendered to the -king,—and their example was followed by Pont de l'Arche and Louviers; -so that the whole of the duchy of Normandy was repossessed by the king, -notwithstanding the promises he had made to his brother in the treaty -of Conflans.</p> - -<p>The king recalled to his person the duke of Bourbon, and attended -more to his opinion than to that of any other prince. As soon as he -found himself master of Nor<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_306" id="Page_306">[Pg 306]</a></span>mandy, he began to persecute such as had -been of the party of his brother, and had supported him: among others -was the lord d'Esternay, whom he caused to be arrested and drowned. -This lord had been, during the late reign, general of Normandy, and -was exceedingly beloved for his wisdom and moderation,—and he had -not his equal in the whole country for devotion. Many other lords -the king caused to be executed or drowned, so that several quitted -their country, abandoning their houses and estates for fear of his -tyranny,—and the king was greatly blamed for these measures by all who -heard of them.</p> - - - -<hr class="chap" /> -<p class="ph2"><a name="CHAP_XLIX" id="CHAP_XLIX">CHAP. XLIX.</a></p> - -<blockquote> - -<p>THE COUNT DE CHAROLOIS ENTERS THE COUNTRY OF LIEGE WITH HIS ARMY.—THE -LIEGEOIS DEMAND AND OBTAIN A TRUCE,—BUT, ALTHOUGH A PEACE IS MADE, IT -DOES NOT LAST LONG.</p></blockquote> - - -<p class="drop"><span class="uppercase">The</span> Liegeois, hearing of the peace concluded between king Louis and the -count<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_307" id="Page_307">[Pg 307]</a></span> de Charolois, imagined that they were included in the treaty; -but when they learnt the contrary, and that the count was marching an -immense army against them, they sent a grand embassy to the duke of -Burgundy at Brussels, offering to make great reparations for what they -had done. They supplicated, in all humility, for peace with him and the -count de Charolois, and were so urgent that they obtained from the good -duke a truce for fifteen days.</p> - -<p>At this moment, the count de Charolois was at St Tron,<a name="FNanchor_51_51" id="FNanchor_51_51"></a><a href="#Footnote_51_51" class="fnanchor">[51]</a> a large town -belonging to Liege, which surrendered to him as soon as he came before -it. On receiving information of this truce, he caused proclamation to -be made throughout his army, that no one should do any damage to the -territories of Liege, on pain of death, notwithstanding that his men -had not received their pay: they were, therefore, obliged to forage -the country of the duke of Burgundy that lay nearest at hand, and it -suffered very much from it. They even spread<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_308" id="Page_308">[Pg 308]</a></span> as far as Lorraine and -other distant countries, to seek provisions,—for so large an army -could not otherwise have existed without money.</p> - -<p>On the expiration of the fifteen days, the truce was prolonged for -eight more, then for another eight days, and at last to the 12th day -of January; which caused the adjoining country to be sorely pillaged -and devoured, for it was daily overrun for so long a space of time. -The count de Charolois, perceiving that the Liegeois were only seeking -delays, and did not perform what they had promised, collected his army, -and entered the territory of Liege, and wrote to the duke his father to -send him as many reinforcements as he could, for that he now intended -to combat the Liegeois.</p> - -<p>The duke instantly sent back to him the lord de Saveuses with all his -men, and wrote him word, that he would shortly join him in person, and -that he desired he would not give battle until he should arrive. As the -duke was preparing to set out for the army, notwithstanding the severe -illness from which he had scarcely recovered, his son wrote him word, -that the Liegeois had<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_309" id="Page_309">[Pg 309]</a></span> come to him with a treaty, such as he approved -of, sealed with their city-seal,—that they implored his mercy, and -begged he would be satisfied with them,—that he had accepted the -treaty, provided it were his good pleasure to ratify it. The duke, on -receiving this news, remained quiet at Brussels.</p> - -<p>On the 20th of January, the Liegeois, knowing that the count de -Charolois had entered their country with his army, and that his van, -under the command of the count de St Pol, was far advanced, sent from -four score to a hundred of the principal persons of the country to -wait on the count de Charolois, well mounted and well armed for fear -of several who had been banished their city, and other evil-disposed -persons, who only wished for war, and hindered the completion of a -peace. They met the count between St Tron and Tongres,<a name="FNanchor_52_52" id="FNanchor_52_52"></a><a href="#Footnote_52_52" class="fnanchor">[52]</a> two good -towns belonging to the Liegeois, and presented to him the treaty such -as had been agreed to by the city of Liege, and sealed with their seal: -the de<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_310" id="Page_310">[Pg 310]</a></span>putation offered, at the same time, to answer with their lives -for the consent of the other towns to this treaty.</p> - -<p>The terms of this treaty were precisely what the duke of Burgundy -and his son had insisted upon,—and the deputies, on their knees, -besought the count's mercy and pardon, promising, that henceforward the -inhabitants of the whole country would be his faithful servants and -good neighbours.</p> - -<p>The count, having examined the treaty, accepted it on consideration -of the great sums they were to pay by way of recompensing the damages -done, and forgave them. The sum for damages was six hundred thousand -florins of the Rhine, which they were to pay the duke in the course -of six years; and the duke of Brabant and all future dukes of Brabant -were to be their mainbrugs, or governors of the whole country of Liege, -with a yearly salary of two thousand florins of the Rhine. The Liegeois -were not in future to undertake any measures of weight, without having -first obtained the consent of their mainbrug. Many other articles were -inserted in the treaty, which I omit for the sake of brevity;<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_311" id="Page_311">[Pg 311]</a></span> but, -notwithstanding, they soon after broke this treaty, without keeping any -one article of it.</p> - -<p>The count de Charolois having acceded to the requests of the deputies, -peace was proclaimed throughout his army,—and the whole was ordered -to appear before him, on the morrow, near to Tongres. This was done -that the deputation might see his army in battle-array, to inspire them -with fear of his power, and thereby check any future rebellion. The -army, when drawn up on the following day, delighted and astonished the -ambassadors and those who had come from St Tron, Tongres, and other -towns to see it, for they never could have imagined that the count -would have been able to raise such a force at once. In truth, according -to common report, this army consisted of upwards of twenty-eight -thousand horse, not including the infantry, which was very numerous, -although many had returned home with leave, and without leave, in -default of being regularly paid.</p> - -<p>When the army was thus drawn up, the count rode along the line, -thanking most courteously all the captains and men<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_312" id="Page_312">[Pg 312]</a></span> at arms, begging -they would hold him excused for having so badly paid them, for that -he could not now have avoided it,—but he would make them full amends -at another time by more regular payments, so that every one should be -satisfied.</p> - -<p>Addressing himself to the poorer cavaliers, he asked if any of them had -been banished the countries of the duke his father, and desired such to -come to him at Brussels, when he would make representations of their -case to his father, and they should be allowed to return. Saying this, -he took his leave of them, and went from St Tron to Hasbain,—and the -troops were dismissed to their several homes.</p> - - - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_313" id="Page_313">[Pg 313]</a></span></p> - -<div class="footnotes"><p class="ph3">FOOTNOTES:</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_51_51" id="Footnote_51_51"></a><a href="#FNanchor_51_51"><span class="label">[51]</span></a> St Tron,—on the lower Meuse, fourteen miles north west -from Liege, the capital of the country of Hasbain.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_52_52" id="Footnote_52_52"></a><a href="#FNanchor_52_52"><span class="label">[52]</span></a> Tongres,—in the bishoprick of Liege, on the lower Meuse.</p></div></div> - -<hr class="chap" /> - - -<p class="ph2"><a name="CHAP_L" id="CHAP_L">CHAP. L.</a></p> - -<blockquote> - -<p>AFTER THE TREATY CONCLUDED AT SAINT TRON, THE INHABITANTS ATTEMPT TO -MURDER THE MEN OF THE COUNT DE CHAROLOIS, BUT ARE OVERPOWERED.—THE -COUNT RETURNS TO HIS FATHER AT BRUSSELS.—THE KING OF FRANCE RAISES -A LARGE ARMY,—IN CONSEQUENCE OF WHICH, THE COUNT DE CHAROLOIS PUTS -HIMSELF ON HIS GUARD.</p></blockquote> - - -<p class="drop"><span class="uppercase">One</span> Sunday after peace had been made with the Liegeois, and while the -count de Charolois was in St Tron, detachments of his army were passing -through that town on their road homewards; when the inhabitants, -thinking the whole were passed, sought a quarrel with a body of the -men at arms attached to the bastard of Burgundy, and killed two of -them. Having done this, they closed the gate by which these detachments -entered from Tongres, and guarded the others. This conduct seemed as -if they intended to put to death all of those who were in the town; -but the gens d'armes forced the gate, and marched<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_314" id="Page_314">[Pg 314]</a></span> straight to the -market-place, where they formed themselves in order, to resist the mob -of the town, who had there assembled with a great noise. They soon -drove this mob before them, who fled for safety,—not, however, without -having had nineteen or twenty of their companions killed.</p> - -<p>Had not the count been timely informed of what was passing, and -given proper orders for checking his men, they would probably have -destroyed all the inhabitants, and plundered the town; for they were -then beginning to break down doors and windows, and enter the houses: -however, they lodged themselves wherever they pleased, and took -whatever provisions they found within them.</p> - -<p>Some of the townsmen, who had begun this riot, had retreated into a -kind of fortified house, wherein they were besieged, and at length -taken, when the riot ceased. This happened on the 22d day of January, -in the year 1465.</p> - -<p>The count de Charolois, on leaving St Tron, went strait to Brussels, -where he was received by the duke his father with as much joy as ever -father received a son.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_315" id="Page_315">[Pg 315]</a></span> When they had remained some days together, -the count set out on a pilgrimage to Boulogne, which he had vowed to -perform on foot; and on his return to Brussels, he went to Ghent, -Bruges and Saint Omer,—and in all of these towns he was received with -the greatest honours. While he was at St Omer, the count de Nevers -came to him, and asked his pardon for whatever he might have done to -offend him, which was fully granted; and they remained together some -time, when the count de Nevers was so much restored to the count's good -graces that, on his departure, the count de Charolois wrote to the -officers of the different towns he was to pass through, to show him the -same honours and attention as if he had come himself in person,—and -this was done in all the towns he came to.</p> - -<p>From St Omer, the count de Charolois went to Boulogne, and thence to -Rue, to Abbeville, to Amiens, to Corbie and to Peronne,—in all which -places he was most honourably received, although several of these -towns were dissatisfied that they no longer belonged to the king of -France.—During the stay he made at Peronne, he<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_316" id="Page_316">[Pg 316]</a></span> was informed that the -king was raising a greater army than he had ever done, and that it was -marvellous the quantity of artillery he had cast: he had even taken the -bells from some steeples to have them cast into serpentines and other -artillery. At the same time, the king was writing the most affectionate -letters to the count, as to his dearest friend; but the count did not -put too much confidence in these appearances, always suspecting the -changeful temper of the king. In consequence, he had it proclaimed -through his father's dominions, that every one that had been accustomed -to bear arms should be ready to join the king on the 15th day of June, -in Normandy, to oppose the landing of the English, who would then -attempt it with a considerable army.</p> - -<p>This was the report the king had caused to be spread over the realm, -and that the English were making great preparations to invade the duchy -of Normandy the ensuing summer, although he knew to the contrary; but -his projects were pointed at other objects than what was generally -imagined. He had sent the bastard of Bour<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_317" id="Page_317">[Pg 317]</a></span>bon to England some time -before, and, by means of a large sum of money given to the English, had -obtained a truce between the two nations for twelve months.</p> - -<p>The count, nevertheless, had a conference with the English at St Omer, -whither he sent his bastard-brother of Burgundy, as his representative, -to meet the earl of Warwick and other lords from England, to obtain -the alliance of the king of England and the english nation, should the -king of France make war upon him, as, from his preparations, was too -apparent.</p> - - - -<hr class="chap" /> -<p class="ph2">[<span class="smcap">A.D.</span> 1466.]</p> - -<p class="ph2"><a name="CHAP_LI" id="CHAP_LI">CHAP. LI.</a></p> - -<blockquote> - -<p>THE LIEGEOIS IN DINANT BREAK THE PEACE, AND RECOMMENCE THE WAR AGAINST -THE DUKE OF BURGUNDY.—DINANT IS BESIEGED AND BATTERED WITH CANNON.</p></blockquote> - - -<p class="drop"><span class="uppercase">Between</span> Easter and the middle of August, in this year, so many -marriages took place in the county of Artois, and the ad<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_318" id="Page_318">[Pg 318]</a></span>joining -countries, that the like was not heard of in the memory of man.</p> - -<p>Early in this year, those of Dinant, tired of the peace which they -had obtained by their humble solicitations from the duke of Burgundy, -and having their courage puffed up by those more inclined to war than -peace, suffered many evil-disposed persons, that had been banished, -to return to their town, who were eager for all kinds of mischief. -They soon after sallied out of Dinant, and overrun and pillaged many -villages in Hainault and Namur, which they afterward burnt, violated -churches and monasteries, committing, in short, every wickedness.</p> - -<p>The duke of Burgundy, on hearing this, instantly ordered a greater -assembly of men at arms than he had ever before made, to be at Namur on -the 28th day of July. But notwithstanding the summons was so pressing, -the men at arms delayed as much as possible to equip and prepare -themselves; nor did they offer to assist in mounting their poorer -brethren, being doubtful of the expense, and remembering, that in the -preceding campaign, they had been<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_319" id="Page_319">[Pg 319]</a></span> badly paid. The duke was told of -this backwardness while at table, the beginning of July, and was so -much vexed that in his passion he kicked the table from him, saying, -that he saw clearly how much he was governed, and that he was no longer -the master; for that he had paid last year for the army upwards of two -hundred thousand crowns from his treasury, and he knew not how they had -been spent. The more he spoke, the more angry he grew, insomuch that, -at last, he dropped to the ground, from rage and apoplexy. It was, -for three days, thought that he could never recover, but it happened -otherwise.</p> - -<p>He then issued another summons, commanding all to obey it instantly, -on pain of death. While this was passing, the count de Charolois was -at Peronne, and had renewed the tax on salt, which he had abolished on -his march to France, to the great joy of the people; but this renewal -changed their joy to grief, and caused great discontents, because the -count had ordered the arrears of this tax, during the year it had been -abolished, to be collected.</p> - -<p>The duke of Burgundy was busily em<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_320" id="Page_320">[Pg 320]</a></span>ployed in his preparations to -march the army against Liege, and had ordered copies of the sentence -of excommunication which the pope had given against those of Dinant -to be stuck against the doors of all the churches throughout his -dominions.—This excommunication had been issued against those of -Dinant, their allies and accomplices, as a punishment for the numerous -evils they were daily committing, contrary to the treaty of peace, and -for their disobedience to the holy apostolical see.</p> - -<p>By this sentence, the pope gave permission to the duke of Burgundy and -his allies to punish them and force their obedience,—for the doing of -which, they would obtain a full pardon for their sins, as ministers of -the church. In this sentence, the pope had forbidden divine service to -be performed in the churches of Dinant.</p> - -<p>Nevertheless, those in Dinant, obstinate in their wills and opinions, -and disobedient to the commands of the head of the church, constrained -their priests to perform divine service, and to chaunt the mass as -before; but, as some priests would not act contrary to the positive -interdict of the pope, they drowned them.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_321" id="Page_321">[Pg 321]</a></span></p> - -<p>Just as the duke's army was ready to march to Dinant, the bastard de St -Pol, lord de Hautbourdin, who, like the others, was fully prepared for -this march, was suddenly taken ill,—and the disorder became so serious -that he died of it, which was a great pity and loss, for he was valiant -and prudent, and one of the best warriors the duke had in his army, -handsome above all others, and a knight of the Golden Fleece.</p> - -<p>Toward the beginning of August, the duke of Burgundy's army was ready -to march to Namur, according to the orders he had issued for all who -loved him to follow him thither. This was the largest army that had -been seen, for it was more than as numerous again as that which had -marched to France: indeed, common report said, they were upwards of -thirty thousand who received pay.</p> - -<p>The principal nobles in it were the count de Charolois, the count de -St Pol constable of France, the lord de Ravenstein, the three sons of -the count de St Pol, the two bastards of Burgundy, the count de Nassau, -and so many barons, lords, knights and gentlemen, that it would<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_322" id="Page_322">[Pg 322]</a></span> be -tiresome to name them all. The marshal of Burgundy was also there, but -in his private capacity, for the army of Burgundy had remained at home. -The duke of Burgundy would likewise be present, and went from Brussels -to Namur on the 14th day of August.</p> - -<p>The army soon marched from Namur toward Dinant, where a skirmish -ensued in the suburbs of that town, between about three hundred of the -Burgundians, commanded by the count de Charolois and the marshal of -Burgundy, and the townsmen, who sallied out to the attack. This was -renewed twice or thrice, but the townsmen were always repulsed. It was -horrible to see the engines that were used in the town, although they -killed none, and three or four of the townsmen were slain.</p> - -<p>The count de St Pol, sir James his brother, with numbers of other -lords, advanced on the other side of the Meuse in all diligence,—while -the lord de Saveuses was posted at Bovines, a tolerably good town in -the county of Namur, about half a league from Dinant.</p> - -<p>News was brought to the army, that<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_323" id="Page_323">[Pg 323]</a></span> the Liegeois had mustered their -forces, which amounted to full forty thousand combatants, of whom they -had sent four thousand to Dinant, and had boasted in Liege, that if -Dinant were besieged, they would raise the siege or die in the attempt.</p> - -<p>On the 18th of August, the whole of the burgundian army moved toward -Dinant, having their baggage in the center. The lord de Cohen bore the -standard of the bastard of Burgundy, who commanded the van, the count -de Charolois having the main body under his orders,—and the count de -Marie, grandly attended, had charge of the rear battalion. On its near -approach to Dinant, the garrison briskly played off their artillery, -while a detachment made a sally, and set fire to a large farm-house -above an abbey; but they were roughly treated on their return: they -hastened to the town as quickly as they could, and abandoned their -suburbs, so that the duke's men were near entering the town with them. -In this manner were the suburbs of Dinant won, although inclosed by a -ditch and good walls as strong as those of a town. In these suburbs was -a handsome church of the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_324" id="Page_324">[Pg 324]</a></span> Franciscans, a nunnery, a parish church, and -beyond them an abbey of white monks.</p> - -<p>In gaining this advantage, the count de Charolois lost not more than -five or six men. When these suburbs had been won on the side toward -Bovines, those in the town lost no time to set fire to those on the -opposite side, before the count de St Pol could advance thither, and -made it impracticable for any lodgement to be made there. On the -following night, the count de Charolois fixed his quarters in the abbey -of white monks, and had a bombard pointed against the gate of the -town; and within the inclosures of the Franciscans a large detachment -was posted, who kept up a good guard during the night. This bombard -battered the gate so well that it broke it down,—but the inhabitants -lost no time in walling of it up with stones and bags of earth. In -another quarter, the constable, who was quartered on the river side, -below the mountain, battered down with his artillery a corner tower -that terminated that side of the wall.</p> - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_325" id="Page_325">[Pg 325]</a></span></p> - - - - -<p class="ph2"><a name="CHAP_LII" id="CHAP_LII">CHAP. LII.</a></p> - -<blockquote> - -<p>DINANT IS FORCED TO SURRENDER TO THE WILL OF THE DUKE OF -BURGUNDY.—THE TREATMENT IT RECEIVES, FOR A PERPETUAL EXAMPLE TO OTHER -TOWNS IN A LIKE SITUATION.</p></blockquote> - - -<p class="drop"><span class="uppercase">On</span> the ensuing Tuesday, all the walls of the abbey of the Franciscans, -and the other inclosures, were thrown down, to erect a battery against -the town; and the artillery was briskly played on both sides. Four of -the count de Charolois' men were killed by arrows from the walls, and -among others the master-cannonier of the bombard, as he was picking -up a rod from the ground. The burgundian army now advanced nearer the -walls, and the count de Charolois posted himself at the Cordeliers, -only a stone's cast from the gate,—and this day the duke his father -came from Namur to Bovines.</p> - -<p>Provision was now so dear in the army that a twopenny loaf sold for -twelve pence, and other food in proportion,—and they were forced to go -three or four leagues to seek forage for their horses.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_326" id="Page_326">[Pg 326]</a></span></p> - -<p>The batteries having been completed, the town was summoned to surrender -to the duke of Burgundy; but they within replied, that they had no such -intention, continuing their abusive language against the duke and his -son even more than before. Speaking of the duke, they said, 'What has -put it in the head of that old dotard, your duke, to come hither to -die? Has he lived long enough to come and die here miserably! and your -count, little Charley, what! he is come to lay his bones here also? Let -him return to Montlehery and combat the king of France, who will come -to our succour: do not think that he will fail, in the promise he has -made us.—Charley is come hither in an unlucky hour: he has too yellow -a beak; and the Liegeois will soon make him dislodge with shame.'</p> - -<p>With such villainous language did the Dinanters address the duke and -his son,—and they made use of many other expressions tiresome to -relate, and which they incessantly continued, proceeding from bad to -worse. Those of Bovines, as good neighbours, sent letters to Dinant -before the siege<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_327" id="Page_327">[Pg 327]</a></span> commenced, to advise them to surrender to the duke, -before a siege took place; but, out of spite, they had the messengers -who brought these letters publicly beheaded.</p> - -<p>Notwithstanding this outrage, those of Bovines, desirous to save them, -sent an innocent child with other letters to the magistrates, by which -they again admonished them to make their peace with the duke before he -approached nearer, to avoid the evil consequences that would inevitably -follow their obstinacy. The wicked people, instead of listening to such -friendly counsel, put the innocent child to death, from spite to the -duke and the townsmen of Bovines. Some say, that, in their rage, they -tore the poor child limb from limb.</p> - -<p>Other outrages and insults they had committed before they were -besieged; but when they knew that a siege would commence, once, -in particular, they went in a large body to Bovines, and over the -town-ditch, which was stinking, and full of all kind of filth and -venomous creatures, they threw a plank, on which they seated an effigy -of the duke of Burgundy, clothed in his arms, bawling out to those in -Bovines,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_328" id="Page_328">[Pg 328]</a></span> 'See! here is the seat of that great toad your duke!' Of this -and many other villainous insults on the father and son, they were duly -informed, which only served to irritate them the more, and to make them -the more eager to take vengeance on such wicked people.</p> - -<p>When the batteries began to play on the town, which they did in a most -terrible manner, for three or four hours together, neither man nor -woman therein knew where to shelter themselves. The smoke was so thick, -and the fire so terrible, that it resembled a hell, and very many were -killed by the balls. In the mean time, the duke had constructed, at -Bovines, two bridges of wood, to throw over the Meuse, to surround and -attack them on all sides.</p> - -<p>On Friday, the walls and towers were so greatly damaged that eight of -the principal inhabitants came, under passports, to the army, hoping -to negotiate a peace,—but they could not succeed. On the Saturday, it -was ordered, that every man should be prepared to storm the town on -the morrow, and provide himself with a faggot to fill the ditches. But -when the day arrived,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_329" id="Page_329">[Pg 329]</a></span> the duke would not have it then stormed, but -ordered the batteries to continue their fire. This was so severe that -the garrison now despaired of their lives, and fled. The inhabitants -would now have surrendered, on having their lives spared, but the duke -would not grant it! At this moment happened an unfortunate accident, by -a spark falling into a barrel of powder, which had been left uncovered. -The explosion killed twenty or thirty of the count's men, and burnt or -wounded many more; but they afterward recovered.</p> - -<p>The bishop of Liege, then resident at Huy,<a name="FNanchor_53_53" id="FNanchor_53_53"></a><a href="#Footnote_53_53" class="fnanchor">[53]</a> sent information to the -duke his uncle, that thirty or forty thousand men had left Liege, with -the intent to raise the siege of Dinant, and advised him to be on his -guard. The duke, on this, called a council of war,—and he was advised -to storm the town before the Liegeois could come to its relief; and -orders were given to this effect, although it was about five o'clock in -the afternoon.</p> - -<p>The townsmen, however, fearful, from<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_330" id="Page_330">[Pg 330]</a></span> the demolition of their walls and -towers, that they could not make any defence, if stormed, and that, if -they were taken, they would be all put to death, surrendered to the -duke, bringing the keys to the bastard of Burgundy, who sent them to -the count de Charolois,—but he would not receive them until he had had -the consent of his father.</p> - -<p>This same night, the bastard of Burgundy took possession of the castle -of Dinant, which was delivered up to him. The marshal of Burgundy and -other lords took possession of the different gates, and, with their -men, entered the town, which they guarded that night. The count de -Charolois would have entered the place on the morrow, at mid-day; but -he wished first to know the intentions of his father concerning it, and -would have waited on him for that purpose; but he was advised to the -contrary, as he was told the duke had resolved to destroy it!</p> - -<p>The count, on hearing this, abandoned the town to plunder, when a -scene of the greatest confusion ensued; for each wanted to save the -pillage to himself, and to guard<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_331" id="Page_331">[Pg 331]</a></span> it in his respective quarters; but -the strongest had the advantage, and murder and every sort of misery -were now exhibited throughout the place. Each made his host prisoner, -although he had been robbed before of his whole fortune,—and immensely -rich was the plunder made, for Dinant was one of the most wealthy and -strongest towns in all those parts; and this enormous wealth was the -cause of its ruin, for it had filled the inhabitants with pride and -insolence, so that they feared not God, nor the church, nor any prince -on earth,—and this may be supposed to be the cause why God suffered -them to be thus punished.</p> - -<p>The Tuesday, Thursday, and Friday were wholly employed in plundering -the town,—and boat-loads of effects were on the river,—and the -streets were crowded with waggons full of goods,—and every man was -carrying off on his back all that he could bear. Many of the men at -arms gained riches enough to support them for three or four years. -Inquiry was then made after those in the town who had been the most -forward in their insulting language to<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_332" id="Page_332">[Pg 332]</a></span> the duke and his son. Some were -discovered, who were tied back to back, and thrown into the Meuse, -where they perished. The count ordered the chief cannonier of the town -to be arrested, and hung on the mountain above the church, and those -who had been most culpable in renewing the war to be drowned in the -river.</p> - -<p>From the moment the town had been given up to pillage, the count de -Charolois had it proclaimed, that whoever should violate a woman should -be instantly punished with death; but, notwithstanding this, three were -arrested, and found guilty of this crime. The count ordered them to be -marched thrice along the ranks, that every one might take warning from -them,—and then they were hanged on a gibbet. He swore, at the same -time, that should any others be guilty of the like crime, whether noble -or not, they should suffer a similar punishment, which prevented any -woman, in future, being forced against her will.</p> - -<p>The count ordered all the women and children out of the town, and had -them escorted as far as the city of Liege; but it was most melancholy -to hear and see their<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_333" id="Page_333">[Pg 333]</a></span> pitiful lamentations, on being driven from their -town, and there was no heart so hardened but had compassion on them.</p> - -<p>On Friday, the 28th day of August, when the town was quite emptied of -its wealth, and the houses and churches unroofed, and the lead carried -away, a fire burst out at the lodgings of the lord de Ravenstein, near -to the church of our Lady, about an hour after midnight; but it was not -known whether it had happened accidentally or had been done on purpose, -to force the men at arms out of the place, or to burn such as remained. -The count, however, ordered it to be extinguished by all who could -assist, and great exertions were made to accomplish it; but, in the -mean time, it spread to the town-house, in which was a magazine full -of powder, that caught fire, and exploded with such force as to break -through the roof of the church of our Lady; but, as this was arched -with stone, the fire did not extend rapidly,—and some relics, and -the ornaments of the church, were saved: all of them that came to the -count's knowledge he had carried to Bovines,—for many had been stolen -and<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_334" id="Page_334">[Pg 334]</a></span> taken away before he came thither. Great numbers were burnt by -this fire, and their plunder, that had remained packed in the street, -was destroyed. Those plunderers who attempted to save effects from the -fire were miserably burnt,—and the flames followed them so closely -that it seemed as if Divine vengeance was resolved to punish the pride -and insolence of this town by totally destroying it.</p> - -<p>While Dinant was in flames, a large embassy came from Liege to the duke -of Burgundy at Bovines, to negotiate a treaty of peace,—and the sight -of the destruction of Dinant made a serious impression on them. The -count de Charolois, observing that all attempts to put out the fire -were ineffectual, determined that the whole should be destroyed, and -caused such parts, in the town and suburbs, as had hitherto escaped to -be set on fire, so that all was burnt. He then sent for great numbers -of peasants from the neighbourhood, to demolish the walls, towers and -fortifications, to each of whom he gave three patars<a name="FNanchor_54_54" id="FNanchor_54_54"></a><a href="#Footnote_54_54" class="fnanchor">[54]</a> a-day, with -every thing they might find in the ruins.</p> - - - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_335" id="Page_335">[Pg 335]</a></span></p> - -<p>They laboured so diligently that, within four days after the fire had -ceased, a stranger might have said, 'Here was Dinant!' for there now -neither remained gate nor wall, nor church, nor house, for all had been -burnt and razed to the ground. It unfortunately happened, that when the -great church caught fire, many prisoners of note that had been therein -confined were burnt, and such as had retreated to different towers and -forts also perished. Thus was destroyed the town of Dinant by reason of -its presumption and folly!</p> - -<div class="footnotes"><p class="ph3">FOOTNOTES:</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_53_53" id="Footnote_53_53"></a><a href="#FNanchor_53_53"><span class="label">[53]</span></a> Huy,—on the Meuse, 12 miles from Liege.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_54_54" id="Footnote_54_54"></a><a href="#FNanchor_54_54"><span class="label">[54]</span></a> Patars,—a low-country coin: five are equal to sixpence -sterling.—<i>Cotgrave.</i></p></div></div> - - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<p class="ph2"><a name="CHAP_LIII" id="CHAP_LIII">CHAP. LIII.</a></p> - -<blockquote> - -<p>THE DUKE OF BURGUNDY AFTER THE DESTRUCTION OF DINANT, MAKES -DISPOSITIONS TO MARCH HIS ARMY INTO THE TERRITORIES OF LIEGE.—SEVERAL -TOWNS SURRENDER TO HIM.—A PEACE IS CONCLUDED BETWEEN THEM.</p></blockquote> - - -<p class="drop"><span class="uppercase">After</span> the destruction of this proud city of Dinant, the duke of -Burgundy departed from Bovines, on the first day of Septem<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_336" id="Page_336">[Pg 336]</a></span>ber, and -returned by the river to Namur, attended by the embassy from Liege, who -were pressing for a peace. The whole army passed through Namur, and the -bastard of Burgundy quartered his division in the country of Hasbain, -two leagues distant from St Tron. The count de Charolois was posted -between Tillemont and St Tron. Soon after, the count de St Pol received -the surrender of the town of Thuin<a name="FNanchor_55_55" id="FNanchor_55_55"></a><a href="#Footnote_55_55" class="fnanchor">[55]</a>, which had been given him by the -duke as a recompence for his not having been at the plunder of Dinant; -and this town was saved from pillage by means of a sum of money which -the inhabitants had given to the count de St Pol,—and as this place -and St Tron had demolished their walls and gates, they both escaped -being plundered.</p> - -<p>The count de Charolois next advanced to lay siege to Tongres; but as -he was told that the inhabitants had all fled, he ordered the army to -march for Liege, while his father, the duke, remained at Namur. The -count advanced as far as Montenac, four leagues from Liege,—his army -and artillery<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_337" id="Page_337">[Pg 337]</a></span> always in order of battle. There, having heard that the -Liegeois had issued out, in great numbers, to give him battle, he made -preparations to receive them, by forming his army into two wings and a -center, and thus waited their coming upwards of three hours. They did -come, but sent to demand a truce until ten o'clock the next day, when -they promised to comply with whatever he should demand. This satisfied -the count, and he consented to a truce for the day, which was the 6th -of September.</p> - -<p>When this had been settled, the count de St Pol, constable of France, -and the bastard of Burgundy advanced, with their men, to observe the -situation of the Liegeois, who had come out of their city. They found -them posted on the river Gerre,—and intelligence was brought them, -that those who had escorted the embassy from Liege were skirmishing -with the count's foragers; on which they detached a party of their men, -who forced the Liegeois to retreat to their army. Toward evening, the -count's army were within sight of the Liegeois, and drew up in order of -battle within less than a quarter of a league<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_338" id="Page_338">[Pg 338]</a></span> from them. The constable -crossed the river Gerre, to surround them, and ordered a part of his -men to dismount; and although it was five o'clock in the evening, they -would willingly have attacked the Liegeois,—but the count would not -permit it, on account of the truce which he had granted. The whole -army was much displeased at his refusal, for they would easily have -conquered the enemy without one being able to escape; for they were -so surrounded that they could not fly, and they amounted to full two -thousand horse, and more than ten thousand foot, as numbers were in an -adjoining village, and could not be counted.</p> - -<p>A division of the count's army was also posted in the large village of -Varennes; and as they would not quit it to join their companions, the -count ordered it to be set on fire, which forced them to issue forth, -and join their main army, but not without losing their baggage by the -fire.</p> - -<p>The count's army remained drawn up in order of battle until ten o'clock -at night, when each retired to his quarters. On Sunday, the 7th of -September, the count formed his army in battle-array at the earliest<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_339" id="Page_339">[Pg 339]</a></span> -dawn, and thus remained, without crossing the Gerre, until ten o'clock, -when the ambassadors returned, and assured the count that the city of -Liege and its dependances were ready to perform every thing the duke -his father and himself had demanded.—They required, therefore, peace -at his hands; and offered, for the due execution of the treaty, to -deliver up to him fifty persons as hostages, whom it should please -the duke to select,—namely, thirty-two men for the city of Liege, -six for the town of Tongres, six for St Tron, and six for the town of -Hessel.<a name="FNanchor_56_56" id="FNanchor_56_56"></a><a href="#Footnote_56_56" class="fnanchor">[56]</a> This same day, part of the hostages were delivered to the -count, who sent them to Judenge<a name="FNanchor_57_57" id="FNanchor_57_57"></a><a href="#Footnote_57_57" class="fnanchor">[57]</a> to the duke, who had come thither -from Namur to combat the Liegeois with his son. Peace was, therefore, -again made between the duke and his son and the Liegeois.</p> - -<p>By the treaty, they promised to pay six hundred thousand florins of the -Rhine <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_340" id="Page_340">[Pg 340]</a></span>in the course of six years,—one hundred thousand annually,—and -they delivered the fifty hostages, such as the duke demanded, who -were to return home on the first annual payment being made, and were -then to be replaced by fifty others. The duke of Burgundy as duke of -Brabant, and his successors, the dukes of Brabant, were to be perpetual -mainbrugs of Liege, and governors of the whole country, without whose -advice and consent the Liegeois were not henceforward to undertake any -measures of importance.</p> - -<p>The Liegeois, in this treaty, made many other engagements, which I omit -to note down, for within a very short time they broke every promise -they had made.</p> - -<p>At this time, provision was so scarce in the count's army that it was -with the greatest difficulty that any could be procured.</p> - -<p>On the 8th of September, the day this treaty was signed, the burgundian -army arrived to reinforce the count de Charolois, consisting of about -four hundred lances, under the command of the lord de Montagu and the -marquis de Rothelin. There<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_341" id="Page_341">[Pg 341]</a></span> came also a body of Swiss, of about sixty -men; and the city of Antwerp sent three hundred men to assist the duke -in his war against the Liegeois.</p> - -<p>On the ensuing day, a deputation from the city of Liege waited on the -count, and delivered to him the treaty, sealed with the seals of Liege, -Tongres, St Tron, Hessel, and the other towns under their jurisdiction. -It was then discussed, and settled, that should any of the hostages -die within the year, the Liegeois were to replace them with others; -and in regard to the interest due to the duke from the sums that were -to have been paid, according to the preceding treaty, they offered to -pay whatever the duke should be pleased to demand. On the very day of -signing this treaty, it was proclaimed throughout the army, that no one -should forage or do any mischief to the territories of Liege.</p> - -<p>When these things were completed, the count de Charolois issued orders -for the return of his army. He came, on the Sunday, before a large -village called Chasteler, belonging to the chapter of Liege, whither -the inhabitants of Thuin came to solicit<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_342" id="Page_342">[Pg 342]</a></span> pardon, and begged for mercy -humbly on their knees. One hundred men were ordered thither to demolish -the gates and walls of their town, at the expense of its inhabitants.</p> - -<p>At this place, the count disbanded his army, when each went to his -home, and the count to Brussels, whither his father, the duke, was -returned. They shortly after sent an embassy to England, to negotiate -with king Edward: but the subject of their negotiations I do not -mention, because I am ignorant of it.<a name="FNanchor_58_58" id="FNanchor_58_58"></a><a href="#Footnote_58_58" class="fnanchor">[58]</a></p> - - - -<div class="footnotes"><p class="ph3">FOOTNOTES:</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_55_55" id="Footnote_55_55"></a><a href="#FNanchor_55_55"><span class="label">[55]</span></a> Thuin,—fourteen miles from Mons.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_56_56" id="Footnote_56_56"></a><a href="#FNanchor_56_56"><span class="label">[56]</span></a> Hessel,—five miles from Bommel.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_57_57" id="Footnote_57_57"></a><a href="#FNanchor_57_57"><span class="label">[57]</span></a> Judenge, Judoigne,—an ancient town formerly belonging to -the dukes of Brabant: it forms now part of France, in the department of -the Dyle, 25 miles from Liege.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_58_58" id="Footnote_58_58"></a><a href="#FNanchor_58_58"><span class="label">[58]</span></a> This embassy probably respected the marriage of the count -de Charolois with Margaret sister to Edward IV. or, perhaps, for the -regulations regarding the tilt between the earl Rivers and sir Anthony -of Burgundy.</p></div></div> - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_343" id="Page_343">[Pg 343]</a></span></p> - - -<p class="ph2">[<span class="smcap">A.D.</span> 1467.]</p> - -<p class="ph2"><a name="CHAP_LIV" id="CHAP_LIV">CHAP. LIV.</a></p> - -<blockquote> - -<p>SIR ANTHONY, BASTARD OF BURGUNDY, GOES TO ENGLAND, TO TILT WITH THE -LORD SCALES,<a name="FNanchor_59_59" id="FNanchor_59_59"></a><a href="#Footnote_59_59" class="fnanchor">[59]</a> BROTHER TO THE QUEEN OF ENGLAND.</p></blockquote> - - -<p class="drop"><span class="uppercase">Soon</span> after Easter, in the year 1467, sir Anthony, bastard of Burgundy, -crossed over to England, to perform a deed of arms against the lord -Scales, brother to the queen of England. He went thither handsomely -attended by warriors and artillery; for there were reports, which -proved true, that there were some pirates on the seas lying in wait to -defeat him, under pretence of being<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_344" id="Page_344">[Pg 344]</a></span> Spaniards, although they were -French. It happened, that the bastard's men took two of these vessels, -richly laden and full of soldiers, which were plundered, and then he -arrived safely in England.</p> - -<p>He performed his deed of arms greatly to his credit; but it did not -last long,—for, as it was done to please the king of England, he would -not suffer the combat to continue any time, so that it was rather for -amusement.<a name="FNanchor_60_60" id="FNanchor_60_60"></a><a href="#Footnote_60_60" class="fnanchor">[60]</a></p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_345" id="Page_345">[Pg 345]</a></span></p> - -<p>This was a plentiful year in wine, corn, and fruits, which were all -good, and the corn of a quality fit for preservation.</p> - - - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_346" id="Page_346">[Pg 346]</a></span></p> - -<p>In this year also, the ladies and damsels laid aside their long trains -to their gowns, and in lieu of them had deep borders of furs of -minever, martin, and others, or of velvet, and various articles of a -great breadth. They also wore hoods on their heads of a circular form, -half an ell, or<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_347" id="Page_347">[Pg 347]</a></span> three quarters, high, gradually tapering to the top. -Some had them not so high, with handkerchiefs wreathed round them, -the corners hanging down to the ground. They wore silken girdles of -a greater breadth than formerly, with the richest shoes, with golden -necklaces much more trimly decked in divers fashions than they were -accustomed to wear them.</p> - -<p>At the same time, the men wore shorter dresses than usual, so that the -form of their buttocks, and of their other parts, was visible, after -the fashion in which people were wont to dress monkies, which was a -very indecent and impudent thing. The sleeves of their outward dress -and jackets were slashed, to show their wide white shirts. Their hair -was so long that it covered their eyes and face,—and on their heads -they had cloth bonnets of a quarter of an ell in height. Knights and -esquires, indifferently, wore the most sumptuous golden chains. Even -the varlets had jackets of silk, satin, or velvet; and almost all, -especially at the courts of princes, wore peaks at their shoes of a -quarter of an ell in length. They had<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_348" id="Page_348">[Pg 348]</a></span> also under their jackets large -stuffings<a name="FNanchor_61_61" id="FNanchor_61_61"></a><a href="#Footnote_61_61" class="fnanchor">[61]</a> at their shoulders, to make them appear broad, which -is a very vanity, and, perchance, displeasing to God; and he who was -short-dressed to-day, on the morrow had his robe training on the -ground. These fashions were so universal that there was not any little -gentleman but would ape the nobles and the rich, whether they dressed -in long or short robes, never considering the great expense, nor how -unbecoming it was to their situation.</p> - -<div class="footnotes"><p class="ph3">FOOTNOTES:</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_59_59" id="Footnote_59_59"></a><a href="#FNanchor_59_59"><span class="label">[59]</span></a> Anthony Widville earl Rivers, lord Scales and Newsels, -and lord of the Isle of Wight. This accomplished nobleman, one of the -first restorers of learning to this country, was son to sir Richard -Widville, by Jacqueline of Luxembourg, widow to the regent duke of -Bedford. Caxton printed several of his works. -</p> -<p> -For further particulars, see Walpole's Noble Authors, last edition, by -Park.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_60_60" id="Footnote_60_60"></a><a href="#FNanchor_60_60"><span class="label">[60]</span></a> The following extract from Dr. Henry's Hist. of England, -vol. v. pp. 536, 537, 4to. edit. will place the event of this -tournament in a different light. -</p> -<p> -'The most magnificent of these tournaments was that performed by the -bastard of Burgundy and Anthony lord Scales, brother to the queen of -England, in Smithfield, A.D. 1467. The king and queen of England spared -no expense to do honour to so near a relation,—and Philip duke of -Burgundy, the most magnificent prince of that age, was no less profuse -in equipping his favourite son. Several months were spent in adjusting -the preliminaries of this famous combat, and in performing all the -pompous ceremonies prescribed by the laws of chivalry. -</p> -<p> -'Edward IV. granted a safe conduct, October 29, A.D. 1466, to the -bastard of Burgundy earl of La Roche, with a thousand persons in his -company, to come into England to perform certain feats of arms with his -dearly beloved brother Anthony Widville, lord Scales and Newsels; but -so many punctilios were to be settled, by the intervention of heralds, -that the tournament did not take place until June 11, A.D. 1467. -</p> -<p> -'Strong lists having been erected in Smithfield, 120 yards and 10 -feet long, 80 yards and 10 feet broad, with fair and costly galleries -all around for the accommodation of the king and queen, attended by -the lords and ladies of the court, and a prodigious number of lords, -knights, and ladies, of England, France, Scotland, and other countries, -in their richest dresses. -</p> -<p> -'The two champions entered the lists, and were conducted to their -pavilions. There they underwent the usual searches, and answered the -usual questions, and then advanced into the middle of the lists. The -first day they ran together with sharp spears, and departed with equal -honour. The next day, they tourneyed on horseback. The lord Scales' -horse had on his chaffron a long sharp pike of steel,—and as the two -champions coped together, the said horse thrust his pike into the -nostrils of the bastard's horse, so that, for very pain, he mounted -so high that he fell on the one side with his master; and the lord -Scales rode about him, with his sword drawn in his hand, till the -king commanded the marshal to help up the bastard, who openly said, -'I cannot hold me by the clouds; for though my horse fail me, I will -not fail my encounter, companion:' but the king would not suffer them -to do any more that day. The next morrow, the two noblemen came into -the field on foot, with two pole-axes, and fought valiantly; but, at -the last, the point of the pole-axe of the lord Scales happened to -enter into the sight of the bastard's helm, and, by fine force, might -have plucked him on his knees; but the king suddenly cast down his -warder, and then the marshal severed them. The bastard, not content -with this chance, required the king, of justice, that he might perform -his enterprise. The lord Scales refused not. But the king calling to -him the constable and the marshal, with the officer of arms, after -consultation had, it was declared, for a sentence definitive, by the -duke of Clarence, then constable of England,' (John Tiptoft earl of -Worcester was the constable, and not the duke of Clarence: see Rymer) -'and the duke of Norfolk marshal, that if he would go forward with his -attempted challenge, he must, by the law of arms, be delivered to his -adversary in the same state, and like condition, as he stood when he -was taken from him. -</p> -<p> -'The bastard, hearing this judgment, doubted the sequel of the matter, -and so relinquished his challenge.' -</p> -<p> -See Stowe, &c.</p></div> -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_61_61" id="Footnote_61_61"></a><a href="#FNanchor_61_61"><span class="label">[61]</span></a> Stuffings,—mahotoitres. See <span class="smcap">Du Cange</span>. -Supplement. 'Maheria.'</p></div> -</div> - - -<hr class="chap" /> - - - -<p class="ph2"><a name="CHAP_LV" id="CHAP_LV">CHAP. LV.</a></p> - -<blockquote> - -<p>THE DEATH AND INTERMENT OF THE NOBLE DUKE PHILIP OF BURGUNDY, AND THE -GRAND OBSEQUIES PERFORMED FOR HIM IN THE CHURCH OF SAINT DONNAST IN -BRUGES.</p></blockquote> - - -<p class="drop"><span class="uppercase">On</span> the 12th day of June, in the year 1467, the noble duke Philip of -Burgundy was<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_349" id="Page_349">[Pg 349]</a></span> seized with a grievous malady, which continued unabated -until Monday, the 15th, when he rendered his soul to God, between nine -and ten o'clock at night. When he perceived, on the preceding day, that -he was growing worse, he sent for his son, the count de Charolois, -then at Ghent, who hastened to him with all speed; and on his arrival, -about mid-day of the Monday, at the duke's palace in Bruges, he went -instantly to the chamber where the duke lay sick in bed, but found him -speechless. He cast himself on his knees at the bedside, and, with many -tears, begged his blessing, and that, if he had ever done any thing -to offend him, he would pardon him. The confessor, who stood at the -bedside, admonished the duke, if he could not speak, at least to show -some sign of his good will. At this admonition, the good duke kindly -opened his eyes, took his son's hand, and squeezed it tenderly, as a -sign of his pardon and his blessing.</p> - -<p>The count, like an affectionate child, never quitted the duke's bed -until he had given up the ghost. May God, out of his mercy, receive his -soul, pardon his transgressions, and admit him into paradise!</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_350" id="Page_350">[Pg 350]</a></span></p> - -<p>The corpse of the noble duke was left all that night on the bed, with -a black bonnet on his head, and likewise remained there on the morrow -until evening,—so that there was time enough for all who wished it to -see him: it was marvellous the great crowds who went thither, and all -prayed God to have mercy on his soul.</p> - -<p>On Tuesday evening, the body was opened and embalmed, and his heart -separated from it. His body and bowels were each put into a well-closed -coffin of lead, and placed that night on a bier from five to six feet -high, covered to the ground with black velvet, in the chapel of his -household, over which bier was a cross of white damask cloth, and at -the four corners four thick waxen tapers burning.</p> - -<p>Masses were daily celebrated there until noon,—and, about four or five -in the afternoon on the following Sunday, the body was carried to Saint -Donnast's church in Bruges for interment, until preparations should be -made to carry it elsewhere, according to the instructions which he had -given when alive. The funeral procession to the church was preceded -by sixteen hun<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_351" id="Page_351">[Pg 351]</a></span>dred men, in black cloaks emblazoned with the arms of -the duke, each with a lighted taper in his hand,—four hundred of -whom were of the household, and at the expense of the new duke,—four -hundred from the town of Bruges, four hundred from the different trades -of that town, and four hundred from the country of the Franc, each -at the expense of those who sent them. Between this line of torches -walked full nine hundred men, as well nobles as officers and servants -of the late duke: among those were the magistrates of Bruges and of -the Franc,<a name="FNanchor_62_62" id="FNanchor_62_62"></a><a href="#Footnote_62_62" class="fnanchor">[62]</a> twenty-two prelates: a bishop from Hybernie<a name="FNanchor_63_63" id="FNanchor_63_63"></a><a href="#Footnote_63_63" class="fnanchor">[63]</a> was in -the number, who chaunted the first mass on the ensuing day. Between -the prelates and the body were four kings at arms, with their heads -covered, and clothed in their tabards of arms.</p> - -<p>The body was borne by twelve knights of name and renown, around whom -were the archers of the body of the late duke. It was covered with a -pall of black velvet, <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_352" id="Page_352">[Pg 352]</a></span>reaching to the ground, on which was a broad -cross of white damask cloth. Over the body was borne a canopy of cloth -of gold, on four lances, by the count de Nassau, the earl of Buchan, -Baldwin bastard of Burgundy, and the lord de Châlons. Immediately -before the body walked the first equerry of the late duke, bearing his -sword with the point downward. The chief mourners who followed the body -were the new duke Charles, and after him James de Bourbon and Adolphus -of Cleves, his two cousins-german,—then the count de Marle, Jacques de -Saint Pol, the lord de Roussy, and some others of the great lords of -the court.</p> - -<p>In the front of all, walked the four mendicant orders of friars, and -the clergy of the different parishes in Bruges, in the churches of -which the vigils for the dead were that day celebrated, and on the -morrow a solemn service for the soul of the deceased.</p> - -<p>The body was placed on a bier, in the middle of the choir of the -cathedral. It had on it a cloth of gold bordered with damask, and a -large cross of white velvet,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_353" id="Page_353">[Pg 353]</a></span> with four large burning tapers, and was -surrounded by upwards of fourteen hundred lesser ones, which caused so -great a heat that the windows of the church were obliged to be thrown -open.</p> - -<p>The whole of the high altar, and the space above it, was hung with -black cloth, the reading-desk, both within and without, with black -velvet hanging down, emblazoned with the duke's arms: there were also -his pennon of arms and his grand banner.</p> - -<p>The nave was hung with black cloth, having the top and bottom of black -camlet.</p> - -<p>When the body was to be let down into the vault, no one can describe -the groans, tears, and lamentations that filled the church from the -duke's officers, and all present. Indeed all his subjects ought to -have bewailed his death, for they had lost a prince, the most renowned -for virtue and goodness that was in Christendom! full of honour, -liberality, courage, and prudence, with a mind adorned with every -generous virtue, who had preserved his countries in peace as well by -his own good sense, and the prudence of his counsellors, as by the -point of his sword, without personally spa<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_354" id="Page_354">[Pg 354]</a></span>ring himself, against any -one, however great he might be. He afforded an asylum to those who -came to him to seek it, even though they were his enemies, doing good -to all, and returning good for evil,—and he never had his equal for -modesty. Even those who had never seen him, and who had disliked him -for any cause, the moment they were acquainted with him, and knew his -liberality, had an attachment and affection to him.</p> - -<p>The heart and body of the duke were each put separately in a flat -coffin, covered with a bier of irish oak.</p> - -<p>On the morrow, the obsequies were performed, when the bishop of Tournay -celebrated the mass; after which, he made a brief harangue in praise of -the deceased, in order that all present might offer up their prayers -for the salvation of his soul, which may God, out of his most gracious -mercy, admit into his holy Paradise! Amen.</p> - - - -<div class="footnotes"><p class="ph3">FOOTNOTES:</p> - - - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_62_62" id="Footnote_62_62"></a><a href="#FNanchor_62_62"><span class="label">[62]</span></a> The Franc—consists of a number of villages and -hamlets separated from the <i>quartier</i> of Bruges, and has a separate -jurisdiction.—See <i>La Martiniere</i>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_63_63" id="Footnote_63_63"></a><a href="#FNanchor_63_63"><span class="label">[63]</span></a> Hybernie,—an ancient name for Ireland.</p></div></div> - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_355" id="Page_355">[Pg 355]</a></span></p> - - -<p class="ph2"><a name="CHAP_LVI" id="CHAP_LVI">CHAP. LVI.</a></p> - -<blockquote> - -<p>PROLOGUE TO THE CHRONICLES OF THE MOST CHRISTIAN, MOST MAGNIFICENT, -MOST VICTORIOUS, AND MOST ILLUSTRIOUS KINGS OF FRANCE, LOUIS XI. OF -THE NAME, AND HIS SON CHARLES VIII.<a name="FNanchor_64_64" id="FNanchor_64_64"></a><a href="#Footnote_64_64" class="fnanchor">[64]</a></p></blockquote> - - -<p class="drop"><span class="uppercase">Considering</span> the saying of Seneca, that it is right to follow the ways -of our elders and governors, provided they have acted properly,—and -remembering the words of the sage, in his proverbs, that right foolish -is he who follows Idleness, for, according to Ecclesiasticus, she leads -to wickedness,—I have collected, with the utmost diligence, several -facts relative to the reigns of those illustrious princes, Louis XI. -and Charles VIII. his son, kings of France, that seemed to me worthy of -remembrance; together with many marvellous events that happened during -their reigns, as well in the kingdom of France as in the duchies of -Brittany, Burgundy, Normandy, Savoy and Lor<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_356" id="Page_356">[Pg 356]</a></span>raine,—the counties of -Flanders, Artois, and Burgundy; including likewise what may have passed -extraordinary in the adjacent countries, and also in the kingdoms -of England, Spain, and Sicily, at Rome, in Lombardy, and the duchy -of Milan, according to that famous chronicler, eloquent orator, and -excellent historian, the late Robert Gaguin,<a name="FNanchor_65_65" id="FNanchor_65_65"></a><a href="#Footnote_65_65" class="fnanchor">[65]</a> during his lifetime -doctor en decret, and general of the order of the Holy Trinity.</p> - -<p>I have also collected materials from other sources, and have -attentively perused and examined the works of those renowned -chroniclers master Jean Froissart and Enguerrand de Monstrelet; which -last I have followed in what he has written concerning the acts of -some of our kings, to the reign of Louis XI. inclusively,—and, with -reverence be it spoken, I have recapitulated some things omitted by him -relative to the actions of king Louis, because, peradventure, he had -not been truly informed of them, for it is very difficult to acquire -a<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_357" id="Page_357">[Pg 357]</a></span> true knowledge of all the gallant and courageous deeds of such -magnificent princes as the kings of France.</p> - -<p>From these causes, I have deliberately determined (soliciting the aid -of an all-powerful God, who can do every thing,) to write and publish -several things worthy of remembrance, while I am now in this far-famed -and populous town of Paris, not with a view to correct or amend the -said Enguerrand de Monstrelet or others, for I do not undertake that -charge, but like a faithful and loyal Frenchman, and as such I wish -to remain, to avoid idleness, the parent and nurse of iniquity, and -to exhibit the acts of our sovereign princes, which ought to be -remembered, if done justly and rightly.</p> - -<p>There are likewise many who take delight in hearing of the noble deeds, -prowess, and marvels that have happened in different parts of the -world, that they may take example from them, by following the good, and -avoiding the bad, as precedents to be eschewed.</p> - -<p>I have, therefore, composed this small work, trifling in regard to the -author, but<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_358" id="Page_358">[Pg 358]</a></span> great in regard to the acts and triumphs of princes. I do -not, however, wish that it may be styled a Chronicle,—for that would -be unbecoming in me, for I have solely written it for an amusement and -recreation to readers, praying them humbly to excuse and supply my -ignorance by correcting whatever passage shall be found badly written.</p> - -<p>Many strange events which I have described have happened in such -distant countries that it is difficult for me or for any one else to -know the exact truth of the facts I have related: however, without any -partiality, I have endeavoured to describe the whole truly, according -to the before mentioned authors, and shall begin where Enguerrand de -Monstrelet left off, having first recapitulated some parts of his -chronicle where there may have been any omissions, until the deaths of -the aforesaid kings Louis and Charles.</p> - - - -<div class="footnotes"><p class="ph3">FOOTNOTES:</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_64_64" id="Footnote_64_64"></a><a href="#FNanchor_64_64"><span class="label">[64]</span></a> See the preface to the first volume, respecting these -additions to the Chronicle of Monstrelet.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_65_65" id="Footnote_65_65"></a><a href="#FNanchor_65_65"><span class="label">[65]</span></a> Robert Gaguin—was born at Amiens, and died at Paris -1501, having been employed in divers embassies by Charles VIII. and -Louis XII.—See <i>Moreri</i>, &c.</p></div></div> - - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_359" id="Page_359">[Pg 359]</a></span></p> - -<p class="ph2"><a name="CHAP_LVII" id="CHAP_LVII">CHAP. LVII.</a></p> - -<blockquote> - -<p>SOME RECAPITULATIONS OF THE DESCRIPTION OF THE BATTLE OF MONTLEHERY BY -MONSTRELET,—WITH THE ADDITION OF FACTS WHICH HE HAD OMITTED.</p></blockquote> - - -<p class="drop"><span class="uppercase">That</span> master chronicler Enguerrand de Monstrelet, having described -in his third volume the acts of several kings and gallant knights, -concludes his work by relating the death and magnificent funeral of -Philip duke of Burgundy, father to duke Charles, lately deceased in the -town of Nancy in Lorraine.</p> - -<p>In the course of his chronicle, he has given an account of the pompous -coronation of king Louis XI. at Rheims, and of his joyous entry into -Paris, the capital of France. He afterward amply treated of the war -and battle of Montlehery, which he has perhaps spoken of and described -with partiality, according to his pleasure and feelings; for I have -read, besides what he has related, that at this battle of Montlehery, -which was fought on Tuesday the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_360" id="Page_360">[Pg 360]</a></span> 6th day of July, in the year 1465, the -king of France, coming with all haste from beyond Orleans to Paris, -halted at early morn at Chastres, under Montlehery, and that having -taken scarcely any refreshment, and without waiting for his escort, -which was, for its number, the handsomest body of cavalry ever raised -in France, he so valiantly attacked the army of the count de Charolois -and his Burgundians that he put to the rout the van division. Many of -them were slain, and numbers taken prisoners. News of this was speedily -carried to Paris, whence issued forth upward of thirty thousand -persons, part of whom were well mounted; and in scouring the country -they fell in with parties of Burgundians who were flying, and made them -prisoners. They defeated also those from the villages of Vanvres, Issi, -Sevres, St Cloud, Arcueil, Surennes and others.</p> - -<p>At this rencounter, great booty was gained from the Burgundians, -so that their loss was estimated at two hundred thousand crowns of -gold. After the van had been thus thrown into confusion, the king, -not satisfied with this success, but desirous to<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_361" id="Page_361">[Pg 361]</a></span> put an end to the -war, without taking any refreshments or repose, attacked the main -body of the enemy with his guards and about four hundred lances: but -the Burgundians had then rallied, and advanced their artillery, under -the command of the count de St Pol, who did on that day the greatest -service to the count de Charolois.</p> - -<p>The king was hard pressed in his turn, insomuch that at times he was in -the utmost personal danger, for he had but few with him, was without -artillery, and was always foremost in the heat of the battle; and -considering how few his numbers were, he maintained the fight valiantly -and with great prowess. It was the common report of the time, that if -he had had five hundred more archers on foot, he would have reduced the -Burgundians to such a state that nothing more would have been heard of -them for some time in war.</p> - -<p>The count de Charolois, on this day, lost his whole guard,—and the -king also lost the greater part of his. The count was twice made -prisoner, by the noble Geoffroy de St Belin and Gilbert de Grassy, -but was rescued each time. Towards evening, the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_362" id="Page_362">[Pg 362]</a></span> Scots carried off -the king, that he might take some refreshments; for he was tired -and exhausted, having fought the whole of the day without eating or -drinking, and led him away quietly, and without noise, to the castle of -Montlehery.</p> - -<p>Several of the king's army not having seen him thus led off the field, -and missing him, thought he was either slain or taken, and took to -flight. For this reason, the count du Maine, the lord admiral de -Montaulban, the lord de la Barde, and other captains, with seven or -eight hundred lances, abandoned the king in this state, and fled, -without having struck a blow during the whole of the day. Hence it is -notorious, that if all the royal army who were present at this battle -had behaved as courageously as their king, they would have gained a -lasting victory over the Burgundians,—for the greater part of them -were defeated, and put to flight. Many indeed were killed on the king's -side, as well as on that of the enemy,—for after the battle was ended, -there were found dead on the field three thousand six hundred, whose -souls may God receive!</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_363" id="Page_363">[Pg 363]</a></span></p> - -<p>I shall not say more respecting this battle of Montlehery, as related -by Monstrelet; for it has been amply detailed by him, although he may -have been silent as to the whole truth of it.</p> - -<p>I have somewhere read, that, prior to this battle, the Burgundians -arrived at the town of St Denis, on a Friday, the 5th day of July, -in this same year, and attempted to cross the bridge of St Cloud (as -Monstrelet says), but were this time repulsed by the gallant resistance -of the nobles and other valiant French. The Burgundians then made an -attempt on the following Sunday, the 7th of July, to alarm Paris,—but -they gained nothing, for some of their men were slain by the artillery -on the walls, and the rest returned in haste to St Denis. The next day -they appeared again before the walls of Paris, and some with all their -artillery; but before they displayed the whole of their force, they -sent four heralds to the four different gates. Over the gate of St -Denis, as commanders for the day, were master Pierre l'Orfevre, lord of -Ermenonville, and master Jean de Poppincourt, lord of Cercelles, from -whom the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_364" id="Page_364">[Pg 364]</a></span> heralds required provision for their army, and permission for -it to march through Paris. These demands they made with haughtiness -and menaces; and while the captains were listening to them, and before -they could give any answers, the Burgundians (thinking to surprise the -parisian guard, and those who were posted at the gates and barriers,) -advanced with a great body of men at arms as far as St Ladre and even -farther, intending to gain the newly-erected barriers in the suburbs, -and in front of that gate,—firing at the same cannons, serpentines, -and other artillery; but they were so valiantly resisted by the -inhabitants of Paris, and others resident therein, that they were -repulsed. Joachim Rohault came in person with his men to this conflict, -in which many of the Burgundians were slain and wounded, which caused -them to make a precipitate retreat without attempting any thing more. -They were afterward drawn up in battle-array before Paris, as has been -already related by Enguerrand de Monstrelet.</p> - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_365" id="Page_365">[Pg 365]</a></span></p> - - - - -<p class="ph2"><a name="CHAP_LVIII" id="CHAP_LVIII">CHAP. LVIII.</a></p> - -<blockquote> - -<p>A TRUE ACCOUNT OF SEVERAL EVENTS THAT HAPPENED DURING THE REIGNS OF -KING CHARLES VII. AND HIS SON LOUIS XI. WHICH HAVE BEEN OMITTED, OR -SLIGHTLY MENTIONED, IN THE CHRONICLE OF ENGUERRAND DE MONSTRELET.</p></blockquote> - - -<p class="drop"><span class="uppercase">In</span> order to make a regular report of many events that happened in -France and in the adjoining countries, I shall begin at the year 1460, -during the reign of king Charles VII. of France. At the commencement -of this year, the rivers Seine and Marne were greatly swelled; and the -Marne, near to St Maur des Fossés, rose in one night the height of a -man, and did very great damage to all the country round.</p> - -<p>This river caused such an inundation at the village of Claye<a name="FNanchor_66_66" id="FNanchor_66_66"></a><a href="#Footnote_66_66" class="fnanchor">[66]</a> that -it swept away a mansion of the bishop of Meaux, which had lately had -two handsome towers added to it, with fair apartments, having glass<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_366" id="Page_366">[Pg 366]</a></span> -windows and mats, and richly furnished with beds, tapestry, and -wainscotting,—all of which the river destroyed and carried away.</p> - -<p>An unfortunate accident happened at the same time to the steeple of the -church of the abbey of Fêcamp, in Normandy, by lightning striking it -and setting it on fire, so that all the bells were completely melted -into one mass, which was a heavy loss to that abbey.</p> - -<p>At this same time, all France was wondering at the intelligence of a -young girl about eighteen years old, doing many wonderful things in the -town of Mans. It was said, that she was tormented by the devil, and -from this cause she leapt high in the air, screamed, and foamed at the -mouth, with many other astonishing gestures, by which she deceived all -who came to see her. At length, it was discovered to be a trick of a -wicked mad girl, instigated to these follies and devilments by certain -officers of the bishop of Mans, who maintained her, and did with her as -they pleased, which they wished to conceal, by means of those tricks -which they had induced her to play.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_367" id="Page_367">[Pg 367]</a></span></p> - -<p>I have found, towards the latter end of the chronicle of king Charles -VII. by the aforesaid Robert Gaguin, that in consequence of outrages -offered to king Henry of England by Richard duke of York and the earl -of Warwick, the duke of York was, shortly afterward, put to death -on the plains of Saint Alban's, by the duke of Somerset, cousin and -friend to the said king Henry, accompanied by others of his relatives -and party, (as has been more fully related by Monstrelet) and for this -cause the most victorious king Charles VII. had proclaimed, by sound -of trumpet, on the 3d of February, in this same year, at Rouen, and -throughout the towns on the seacoast of Normandy, his will and pleasure -that all Englishmen, of whatever rank, dress, or numbers, of the party -of king Henry of England and of queen Margaret, should be suffered to -land without any molestation or hinderance, without the necessity of -their having any passports from him, and that they should be allowed -thenceforward to remain peaceably in his kingdom so long as they should -please.</p> - -<p>This conduct shows the great courtesy<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_368" id="Page_368">[Pg 368]</a></span> and liberality of Charles VII.; -for he offered the free entrance into his kingdom to that king Henry, -and to his adherents, who had oftentimes done all in his power to annoy -him, as his most mortal enemy.</p> - -<p>On Tuesday the 21st day of July, in the year 1461, and on the day -preceding the death of king Charles VII. a very bright comet was seen -traversing the firmament, which, according to some, was a sign of the -death of so great a prince, and of other great events that were to -happen.</p> - -<p>Wednesday the 22d, the feast of the glorious virgin Mary, king Charles -departed this life, about two hours after mid-day, at the town of Mehun -sur Yevre. I pray, therefore, devoutly to God, that his soul may repose -in the blessed regions of Heaven; for he had ever been a prudent and -valiant prince, and left his kingdom, free from all external enemies, -in peace, with justice restored to his subjects.</p> - -<p>But his death, and noble interment in the church of St Denis, has been -already described by Enguerrand de Monstrelet, who also speaks of the -coronation of king Louis XI. at Rheims, and of his joyous<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_369" id="Page_369">[Pg 369]</a></span> entry into -Paris, and the feasts celebrated on the occasion.</p> - -<p>But I find in another chronicle of king Louis what has been omitted by -Monstrelet, that the said king when making his entry, on the last day -of August, passed over the Pont-aux-Changes, whereon were represented -many pageants,—and it was hung all over. At the moment the king -passed, two hundred dozen of birds, of all descriptions, were let -fly, which the bird-catchers of Paris are bounden by charter to do on -such occasions; for it is on this bridge that on feast-days they have -their market for the sale of all sorts of singing birds, and others, -according to their pleasure.</p> - -<p>All the streets through which the new king passed were hung with -tapestries. He went to the church of Nôtre Dame, to perform his -devotions, and thence returned to sup and lodge at his royal palace, as -is customary, and which has been before related.</p> - -<p>On the morrow, the first of September, the king quitted the palace, -and fixed his lodgings at his hôtel of the Tournelles,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_370" id="Page_370">[Pg 370]</a></span> where he -resided for some time. While there, he made many new regulations for -the better government of his kingdom, and displaced several from their -offices,—such as the chancellor Juvenal des Ursins, the marshal and -admiral of France, the first president of the parliament of Paris, -the provost of Paris, and many others,—and in their places appointed -others. He also dismissed some of the masters of requests, secretaries, -counsellors, and clerks of the treasury, of the court of parliament, of -the chamber of accounts, and from the treasury and mint, replacing them -with new ones.</p> - -<p>The 3d of September in this year, king Louis, with some of his nobles -and gentlemen of his household, supped at the hôtel of master William -Corbie, then counsellor in his court of parliament, but whom he created -first president of his parliament of Dauphiny. At this entertainment -were present many notable damsels and citizens' wives of Paris.</p> - -<p>During the king's stay at Paris, he partook of several entertainments, -in divers hôtels of that city, with the utmost good humour. Having -taken handsome leave of<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_371" id="Page_371">[Pg 371]</a></span> that town, he departed for Amboise, as has -been already told in the chronicles of Monstrelet, who speaks at great -length of the actions of Philip duke of Burgundy and of his son the -count de Charolois.</p> - -<p>In the year 1460, nothing memorable happened, that deserved being -noticed in any of the chronicles. The ensuing year was, I find, very -productive in wines of a good quality in different countries: as for -other matters relating to princes, they have been fully detailed in the -chronicles before mentioned.</p> - - - -<div class="footnotes"><p class="ph3">FOOTNOTES:</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_66_66" id="Footnote_66_66"></a><a href="#FNanchor_66_66"><span class="label">[66]</span></a> Claye,—a village in Brie, between Paris and Meaux, four -leagues from Meaux.</p></div></div> - - - - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_372" id="Page_372">[Pg 372]</a></span></p> - -<p class="ph2"><a name="CHAP_LIX" id="CHAP_LIX">CHAP. LIX.</a></p> - -<blockquote> - -<p>THE KING OF FRANCE COMES TO PARIS, AND RETURNS TO ROUEN.—THE -BASTARD DE REUBEMPRÉ IS ARRESTED ON THE COAST OF HOLLAND.—THE -KING GOES TO TOURS AND OTHER PLACES, AND THEN TO POITIERS, WHITHER -THE PARISIANS SEND HIM A DEPUTATION RESPECTING CERTAIN OF THEIR -FRANCHISES.—AMBASSADORS ARRIVE THERE FROM THE DUKE OF BRITTANY, WHO -CARRY OFF THE DUKE OF BERRY.—THE DEATH OF THE DUKE OF ORLEANS.—THE -DUKE OF BOURBON MAKES WAR ON THE KING OF FRANCE,—AND OTHER EVENTS -THAT HAPPENED IN THE YEAR MCCCCLXIV. OMITTED BY MONSTRELET,—AND SOME -FACTS RELATIVE TO THE DEATH OF THE GOOD POPE PIUS II. AND CONCERNING -POPE PAUL II. MORE THAN IS CONTAINED IN THE SAID CHRONICLES.</p></blockquote> - - -<p class="drop"><span class="uppercase">On</span> the 7th day of May, in the year 1464, the king of France came to -Paris from<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_373" id="Page_373">[Pg 373]</a></span> Nogent le Roi,<a name="FNanchor_67_67" id="FNanchor_67_67"></a><a href="#Footnote_67_67" class="fnanchor">[67]</a> where his queen had been delivered of -a fair daughter. The king supped that night at the hôtel of master -Charles d'Orgemont, lord of Mery, and discussed some public affairs. -He left Paris for the borders of Picardy, expecting to meet there -the ambassadors from king Edward of England, who did not keep their -appointment: finding they did not come, the king departed thence for -Rouen and other places in Normandy.</p> - -<p>At this time, a bylander was taken off the coast of Holland, by some -flemish vessels,—which bylander had on board the bastard of Reubempré, -with others, who were all made prisoners. The Flemings and Picards, -after this capture, published every where, that the king of France had -sent the bastard de Reubempré, with an armed force to seize and carry -off the count de Charolois, of which there were no proofs.</p> - -<p>The king soon left Normandy on his return to Nogent le Roi, and thence -went to Tours, Chinon, and Poitiers. At this<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_374" id="Page_374">[Pg 374]</a></span> last place, a deputation -from Paris waited on him, respecting certain of their privileges; but -they obtained little or nothing, except a remission of the tax on -fairs, which was a trifle,—and even that they did not enjoy, although -a donation had been made them of it, because the court of accounts, -to whom the orders for the remission had been addressed, would not -expedite the proper powers.</p> - -<p>Nearly at the same time, ambassadors from the duke of Brittany arrived -at Poitiers, with some propositions to the king, who, having heard what -they had to say, assented to the greater part of their demands. On -this being done, the ambassadors promised that the duke should come to -Poitiers, or elsewhere, according to the good pleasure of the king, to -ratify and confirm what had been agreed on and granted by his majesty. -The ambassadors then took their humble leave of the king, and, on -their departure, pretended to return home; but their intentions were -otherwise,—for, on setting out from Poitiers on a Saturday, they only -went four leagues, and remained there until the Monday, when the duke -of<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_375" id="Page_375">[Pg 375]</a></span> Berry left Poitiers secretly, during the absence of his brother the -king, and joined them. The ambassadors received him with joy, and made -all haste to carry him with them to Brittany, fearing they would be -pursued the moment the king should learn his brother's escape.</p> - -<p>After the departure of the duke of Berry from Poitiers, many others -went into Brittany; among the rest, the duke of Orleans left Poitiers; -but he was, shortly after, seized with so dangerous an illness, at -Châtelherault, that it proved fatal to him, and he was buried in the -church of St Sauveur, in the castle of Blois.</p> - -<p>The duke of Bourbon now declared war against the king of France -and his country, and seized all the finances belonging to the king -in the Bourbonnois. The duke made a pretence of arresting the lord -de Crussel, who was much in the king's confidence, for passing -through his territories with his wife, family and effects, without -first having demanded permission. A little afterwards, the lord de -Trainel,<a name="FNanchor_68_68" id="FNanchor_68_68"></a><a href="#Footnote_68_68" class="fnanchor">[68]</a> late<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_376" id="Page_376">[Pg 376]</a></span> chancellor of France, and master Pierre d'Oriole, -superintendant-general of the king's finances, were arrested, and -detained a long time prisoner in the town of Moulins, but at length -were given up by the duke to the king.</p> - -<p>On the 15th day of May, sir Charles de Melun, lieutenant for the -king, master John Balue, elected bishop of Evreux, and master John le -Prevot, notary and secretary to the king, came to Paris, and read to -the magistrates, assembled in the town-house, some regulations with -which the king had charged them; which being done, they gave several -orders, subject to the king's pleasure, for the better defence of the -town,—such as the increasing of the nightly watch, additional guards -at some of the gates, and walling up others, and likewise for the -preparation of chains to be thrown across each street, should there -be any occasion for them. Other orders were issued, but it would be -tiresome to detail them all.</p> - -<p>About this time, an inventory was made of all the effects belonging to -Pierre Merin at Paris, which were seized on by the king, because the -said Merin, then trea<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_377" id="Page_377">[Pg 377]</a></span>surer to the duke of Berry, held for his lord the -town and tower of Bourges against the king. For this reason, the king -gave to James Tête-Clerc the office of usher to the treasury, which -Merin had held.</p> - -<p>In consequence of Anthony de Chabannes count de Dammartin's escape -from the bastile of St Anthony at Paris, wherein he had been confined -prisoner, as is related by Monstrelet, he found means to get possession -from Geoffroy Cœur, son to the late Jacques Cœur, of the towns of St -Forgeiul and St Maurice, and made Geoffroy himself his prisoner, laying -hands also on all his effects, which he found in these two places.</p> - -<p>The king of France advanced toward Angers and the Pont de Cé, to learn -the intentions of such as had absented themselves to join his brother -in Brittany. He was attended by the king of Sicily duke of Anjou, -and the count du Maine, followed by a considerable body of troops, -estimated at twenty or thirty thousand combatants. The king, perceiving -that much was not to be gained in that quarter, turned his march toward -Berry, and to the towns of Issou<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_378" id="Page_378">[Pg 378]</a></span>dun, Vierzon, Déols, and others in -that district, having with him a strong detachment from his army and -artillery.</p> - -<p>Here the two brothers, the king of Sicily and the count du Maine, -uncles to the king by the mother's side, left him, and hastened, -with a large force, to prevent the dukes of Berry and Brittany from -entering Normandy, or from doing mischief to any other part of the -kingdom. The king remained some time in Berry, and then departed for -the Bourbonnois; but he would not enter Bourges, because it was well -provided with a garrison of men at arms, under the command of the -bastard of Bourbon for the duke of Berry.</p> - -<p>The 14th or 15th of August, of this year 1464, pope Pius II. departed -this life, as is noted by Monstrelet. He was elected pope in the year -1458; and his name was Æneas Silvius, of the city of Sienna,<a name="FNanchor_69_69" id="FNanchor_69_69"></a><a href="#Footnote_69_69" class="fnanchor">[69]</a> an<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_379" id="Page_379">[Pg 379]</a></span> -eloquent man, a great orator, and poet laureat. He had been ambassador -and secretary to the great emperor Sigismond, and has written a notable -treatise in the support of the authority of the council of Basil, with -several other fine books, of good doctrine. He canonised St Catherine -of Sienna, of the order of Franciscans, in the year 1461, and wrote -several elegant latin epistles to many of the Christian princes, to -urge them to a croisade against the infidels, as may now be seen in -his book of letters. He was, in consequence, surrounded by princes and -lords from divers countries, having with them large armies of men at -arms, and galleys and other vessels to transport them; so, when thus -assembled, they advanced with the pope as far as Ancona, where he was -met by the king of Hungary and a great army. But in the midst of these -grand and salutary preparations, the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_380" id="Page_380">[Pg 380]</a></span> good pope Pius died at Ancona, -the day and year above mentioned.</p> - -<p>In the same year, Paul II. was elected his successor. Paul was a -Venetian, and gave his instant approbation for the celebration of the -feast of the said glorious virgin St Catherine of Sienna. He loved -justice, and was desirous of amassing wealth. He commenced the building -of a grand palace beside the church of St Mark at Rome.</p> - -<div class="footnotes"><p class="ph3">FOOTNOTES:</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_67_67" id="Footnote_67_67"></a><a href="#FNanchor_67_67"><span class="label">[67]</span></a> Nogent le Roi,—a town in Beauce, near Maintenon.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_68_68" id="Footnote_68_68"></a><a href="#FNanchor_68_68"><span class="label">[68]</span></a> Lord de Trainel. Juvenel des Ursins.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_69_69" id="Footnote_69_69"></a><a href="#FNanchor_69_69"><span class="label">[69]</span></a> City of Sienna. Æneas Silvius Piccalomini was born 1405, -at Corfini, in the Siennois, which name he changed to Pienza. -</p> -<p> -When he came to the pontificate, he changed the opinions he had -published in defence of the supreme authority of councils, and desired -that Æneas Silvius should be condemned, and the doctrines of pope Pius -II. followed. 'Honores mutant mores.' -</p> -<p> -There are many editions of his epistles and works. The oldest copy of -the first, in my library, is a beautiful folio, printed by Zarothus, -Milan, the 31st May, 1481.</p></div></div> - - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<p class="ph2"><a name="CHAP_LX" id="CHAP_LX">CHAP. LX.</a></p> - -<blockquote> - -<p>THE KING OF FRANCE ENTERS THE BOURBONNOIS, AND TAKES MANY TOWNS AND -CASTLES.—EVENTS AT PARIS AND ELSEWHERE.—THE KING BESIEGES RIOMS, IN -AUVERGNE.—OTHER INCIDENTS UP TO THE PERIOD OF THE WAR OF MONTLEHERY, -OMITTED BY MONSTRELET.</p></blockquote> - - -<p class="drop"><span class="uppercase">The</span> king of France now hastened to march into the Bourbonnois,—and -about Ascension-day, in the year 1405, the town of St Amand<a name="FNanchor_70_70" id="FNanchor_70_70"></a><a href="#Footnote_70_70" class="fnanchor">[70]</a> was -taken by storm; and shortly<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_381" id="Page_381">[Pg 381]</a></span> after, the town and castle of Montluçon -surrendered on terms, in which were James de Bourbon and thirty-five -lances, who marched away in safety, with their baggage, having sworn -never more to bear arms against the king.</p> - -<p>At this period, arrived at Paris, the late chancellor de Trainel, -master Estienne, knight, Nicholas de Louviers, and master John des -Moulins, by whom the king wrote letters to his good inhabitants of -Paris, thanking them for their loyalty, and exhorting them to continue -and further persevere therein. He added, that he should send his queen -to be brought to bed of the child of which she was now big in his city -of Paris, as the town he loved in preference to all others.</p> - -<p>It happened, that as John de la Hure, a merchant of Sens, his nephew, -and others in his company, were lodging, on the last day but one of May -in this year, at an inn near to a windmill at Moret in the Gâtinois, -called Moulin Basset, they were attacked by a band of twenty or thirty -horsemen from St Forgeiul and St Maurice, and car<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_382" id="Page_382">[Pg 382]</a></span>ried away prisoners, -with all their merchandise and other effects.</p> - -<p>On the 6th day of June, a bonnet-maker called Jean Marceau, an elderly -man, hung himself in his house, opposite to the sign of the Golden -Beard, in the rue de St Denis. He was, when discovered, quite dead, was -cut down, and carried to the Châtelet for examination,—which being -over, he was carried and hung on the common gibbet at Paris. At the -same time, a labourer of Aignancourt, named John Petit, cut his wife's -throat.</p> - -<p>At this period, the bastard and marshal of Burgundy won the towns of -Roye and Mondidier, as mentioned by Monstrelet.</p> - -<p>On the Sunday following, the 9th of June, was a general procession made -in Paris, which was very handsome, having the shrines of the blessed St -Marcel, and of the glorious virgin St Genevieve, with other holy relics -from different churches. It moved with grand solemnity to the church of -Nôtre Dame, where high mass was celebrated to the virgin Mary,—after -which, a sermon was preached to the people by<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_383" id="Page_383">[Pg 383]</a></span> master John de l'Olive, -doctor in divinity, who declared the cause of this procession was for -the health and prosperity of the king and queen, and the fruit of her -womb, and likewise for peace and good union between the king and the -princes of the blood, and for the welfare of the realm.</p> - -<p>While the king was in the Bourbonnois, he went to St Pourçain,<a name="FNanchor_71_71" id="FNanchor_71_71"></a><a href="#Footnote_71_71" class="fnanchor">[71]</a> -whither his sister, the duchess of Bourbon, came to confer with him, -and to endeavour to bring about an accommodation between him and her -husband, whose quarrels had much vexed her,—but at this time she -failed. While this was passing, the duke of Bourbon quitted Moulins, -and went to Riom in Auvergne.</p> - -<p>The government in Paris ordered the gates of St Martin, Montmartre, the -Temple, St Germain des Près, St Victor and St Michel, to be walled up, -and the drawbridges taken away, and a good guard to be kept during the -night on the walls.</p> - -<p>The town of St Maurice, now occupied by the count de Dammartin, was -ordered to<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_384" id="Page_384">[Pg 384]</a></span> be besieged, by the bailiff of Sens, sir Charles de Melun, -with a large body of the commonalty. Sir Anthony, bailiff of Melun, was -sent to reinforce him with a body of archers and cross-bows from the -town of Paris.</p> - -<p>About this time, an unfortunate accident happened to master Louis de -Tilliers, notary and secretary to the king, treasurer of Carcassonne, -and comptroller of salt in Berry, and attached to sir Anthony de -Châteauneuf lord de Lau. An archer was trying the strength of his -bow against a door, just as master Louis was opening it to come out, -and the arrow passed through his body. He was laid on a couch in his -chamber, where he soon after expired, and rendered up his soul to God.</p> - -<p>On St John Baptist's day, the 24th of June, as some youths were bathing -themselves in the Seine, they were drowned; which caused a proclamation -to be made in all the quarters of Paris, to forbid any one in future -to bathe in the river,—and to order all persons to have daily before -their doors a tub full of water, under pain of imprisonment, and a fine -of sixty sols parisis, for each omission or neglect.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_385" id="Page_385">[Pg 385]</a></span></p> - -<p>Orders were issued, on the morrow, for the chains to be taken down -from across the streets, and to remain on the ground,—but care was to -be taken to have them in a proper state for being replaced, in case -of necessity, under heavy penalties for neglect. It was also ordered, -that every person in Paris should provide himself with sufficient -armour, according to his station in life, for the defence of the town, -and should hold himself in constant readiness to oppose any attack. -These orders were delivered in writing to every one of the principal -inhabitants.</p> - -<p>In this year, a large army of Burgundians, Picards, and others, under -the command of the count de Charolois, son to duke Philip of Burgundy, -excited by malice and ambition, marched into France, and gained the -town of Pont St Maixence, through the means of one called Mardé,<a name="FNanchor_72_72" id="FNanchor_72_72"></a><a href="#Footnote_72_72" class="fnanchor">[72]</a> -governor of it for master Peter l'Orfevre lord of Ermenonville, -who delivered it up to them for a sum of money which he received -from the count de Charolois. They<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_386" id="Page_386">[Pg 386]</a></span> thence advanced into the Isle of -France, under pretence that they were come for the public good, but -it was not so. They marched to Saint Denis, to the walls of Paris, -and to Montlehery, where a great battle was fought, as described by -Monstrelet. As I have, in my first chapter, recapitulated this affair, -I shall not further touch on it, but relate some events that preceded -it.</p> - -<p>The king of France now laid siege to Riom in Auvergne,—in which town -were the dukes of Bourbon and Nemours, the count d'Armagnac, the lord -d'Albret and others. The king's army was as handsome and well appointed -as could be seen, for he had with him several renowned captains,—and -the whole was estimated at twenty-four thousand combatants. During this -siege, the Parisians, hearing of the rapid marches of the Burgundians -towards Paris, established a numerous horse-patrole, which nightly went -round the walls, from midnight until day the next morning, having for -their captains, each night, men of approved valour.</p> - -<p>On Monday, the 2d of July, master<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_387" id="Page_387">[Pg 387]</a></span> John Balue, bishop of Evreux, -commanded the nightly guard in Paris: he took with him the company of -Joachim Rohault, and went his rounds on the walls with trumpets and -clarions sounding, which had never in those times been before done by -the city-watch.</p> - -<p>Wednesday, the 4th of July, the king of France, while he was besieging -Riom, sent letters by sir Charles de Charlay,<a name="FNanchor_73_73" id="FNanchor_73_73"></a><a href="#Footnote_73_73" class="fnanchor">[73]</a> his knight of the -Paris-watch, addressed to sir Charles de Melun, his lieutenant in -Paris, and to Joachim Rohault, thanking the good citizens for their -loyalty towards him, and begging them to persevere with courage in -their good intentions for the welfare of his kingdom, for that within -fifteen days he would be with his whole army at Paris. He likewise sent -them verbal information by the mouth of the said de Charlay, of the -treaty he had concluded with the dukes of Bourbon and Nemours, and the -lords d'Armagnac and d'Albret, who had each of them promised loyally -to serve, and live and die for him. These lords had also<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_388" id="Page_388">[Pg 388]</a></span> promised -to exert themselves to the utmost of their power to bring about a -reconciliation with the other princes, and a peace between them and the -king.</p> - -<p>To accomplish this, commissioners were to be sent to the king at Paris, -by these four lords, on or before the feast of the Assumption of our -Lady, the middle of August next, to negotiate a general peace; and in -case the other princes should refuse to listen to, or accept, terms of -peace, they had promised and sworn that henceforward they would never -bear arms against the king, but would live and die for him in the -defence of his kingdom. The four lords had sworn to these engagements -at Moissac, near to Riom; and for further security of keeping these -promises, they had bound themselves, in the presence of two apostolical -notaries, to submit to the severest pains of excommunication should -they, jointly or individually, act in any way contrary to these said -engagements.</p> - -<p>For joy of this intelligence, the Parisians resolved to have, on the -Friday following, a general procession made to the church of Saint -Catherine du Val des éco<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_389" id="Page_389">[Pg 389]</a></span>liers, which was done with much devotion -and solemnity. The sermon was preached that day by master Jean -Pain-et-Chair, doctor in divinity.</p> - -<p>The ensuing Wednesday, the 11th of July, a proclamation was made in -all the public places at Paris, that every householder should keep a -lantern and candle burning before his dwelling during the night,—and -that all persons having dogs must confine them, on pain of death. On -the Friday, the main body of the Burgundians arrived at St Denis, to -execute their intended enterprises against Paris and the royal army at -Montlehery, as has been described by Enguerrand de Monstrelet.</p> - - - -<div class="footnotes"><p class="ph3">FOOTNOTES:</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_70_70" id="Footnote_70_70"></a><a href="#FNanchor_70_70"><span class="label">[70]</span></a> St Amand,—in the Bourbonnois, seven leagues from -Bourges.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_71_71" id="Footnote_71_71"></a><a href="#FNanchor_71_71"><span class="label">[71]</span></a> St Pourçain,—in Auvergne, eight leagues from Moulins.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_72_72" id="Footnote_72_72"></a><a href="#FNanchor_72_72"><span class="label">[72]</span></a> Mardé. In the Chronique Scandaleuse, from whence this is -taken, it is Madre.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_73_73" id="Footnote_73_73"></a><a href="#FNanchor_73_73"><span class="label">[73]</span></a> Charles de Charlay. Jean de Harlay.</p></div></div> - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_390" id="Page_390">[Pg 390]</a></span></p> - - -<p class="ph2"><a name="CHAP_LXI" id="CHAP_LXI">CHAP. LXI.</a></p> - -<blockquote> - -<p>THE KING COMES TO PARIS AFTER THE BATTLE OF MONTLEHERY.—SEVERAL -PERSONS ARE EXECUTED THERE.—EVENTS THAT FOLLOWED THE BATTLE OF -MONTLEHERY, WHICH HAVE BEEN OMITTED BY ENGUERRAND DE MONSTRELET.</p></blockquote> - - -<p class="drop"><span class="uppercase">The</span> king of France came to Paris, the 18th day of July, after the -battle of Montlehery, and supped that night at the hôtel of his -lieutenant-general, sir Charles de Melun,—where, according to the -account of Robert Gaguin, a large company of great lords, damsels, -and citizens' wives supped with him, to whom he related all that had -happened to him at Montlehery.</p> - -<p>During the recital, he made use of such doleful expressions that -the whole company wept and groaned at his melancholy account. He -concluded by saying, that if it pleased God, he would soon return to -attack his enemies, and either die or obtain vengeance on them, in the -preservation of his rights.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_391" id="Page_391">[Pg 391]</a></span></p> - -<p>He, however, acted differently, having been better advised; but it -must be observed, that some of his warriors behaved in a most cowardly -manner,—for had they all fought with as much courage as the king, he -would have gained a complete victory over his enemies.</p> - -<p>On the 19th of July, a gentleman, named Laurence de Mory, near -Mitry,<a name="FNanchor_74_74" id="FNanchor_74_74"></a><a href="#Footnote_74_74" class="fnanchor">[74]</a> who had been imprisoned in the bastile of St Anthony, for -having favoured the Burgundians, and for having led them to the houses -of certain citizens of Paris, in the villages near that city, in order -that they might plunder and destroy them, was tried by commissioners -appointed for the purpose, who found him guilty of high treason, -and consequently sentenced him to be quartered at the market-place -of Paris,—and his effects were confiscated to the king's use. Mory -appealed to the court of parliament; and, from respect to that body, -his execution was deferred for a day. On the morrow, the parliament, -having heard the ap<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_392" id="Page_392">[Pg 392]</a></span>peal, sentenced Mory to be hanged on the gallows at -Paris, which was done that same day.</p> - -<p>This same Saturday, the 20th of July, master William Charretier, bishop -of Paris, accompanied by other counsellors and churchmen, waited on the -king, at his hôtel of the Tournelles, near the bastile of St Anthony, -as Gaguin relates,—when the bishop addressed him in an eloquent and -wise oration, tending to request, that the king henceforward would -have the public affairs conducted and governed by wise counsellors, -which the king promised that he would. In consequence of this, eighteen -prudent men were selected to be of the king's council, namely, six from -the court of parliament, six learned men chosen from the university, -and six from the municipal counsellors of the city of Paris.</p> - -<p>The king, finding that he had many enemies within his realm, considered -on the means of procuring additional men at arms to those he had,—and -it was calculated how many he could raise within Paris: for this -purpose, it was ordered, that an enrolment should be made of all -capable of bearing<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_393" id="Page_393">[Pg 393]</a></span> arms, so that every tenth man might be selected to -serve the king. This, however, did not take place,—for such numbers -of men at arms now joined the king that there was no need of such a -measure.</p> - -<p>The king was very much distressed to get money for the pay of these -troops, and great sums were wanted; for those towns which had been -assigned for the payment of a certain number of men at arms, being -now in the possession of the rebellious princes, paid no taxes -whatever to the crown, for they would not permit any to be collected -in those districts. His majesty was, therefore, constrained to -attempt to borrow from some of his officers and others in the city -of Paris,—but when the proposal was made to them, they refused, at -least to advance the whole of the sum that was demanded. For this -refusal, some of them were told, in the king's name, that they were -deprived of their offices,—such as master John Cheneteau, clerk to the -court of parliament, master Martin Picard, counsellor in the chamber -of accounts, and several others. In the interval, other means were -employed.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_394" id="Page_394">[Pg 394]</a></span></p> - -<p>On Friday, the 26th day of July, the king ordered two hundred lances -to remain for the defence of Paris, under the command of the bastard -d'Armagnac, sir Giles de St Simon, bailiff of Senlis, the lord de -la Barde, Charles des Marêts, and sir Charles de Melun, who, at the -request of some prelates, of the provosts and sheriffs, was appointed -lieutenant for the king of the said town of Paris.</p> - -<p>A person, called John de Bourges, clerk and servant to master John -Berard, king's counsellor in the parliament, who had been confined -a prisoner, together with Gratian Meriodeau and Francis Meriodeau -his brother, for having quitted Paris, and gone into Brittany to the -duke of Berry, conspiring against the person of the king, was, on the -27th day of July, taken out of the bastile of St Anthony, with his -fellow-prisoner, Francis Meriodeau,—and, by sentence of the provost of -the marshals, they were drowned in the Seine by the hangman of Paris, -in front of the tower of Billy, near to the said bastile. And on the -following Monday, the 31st of July, the said Gratian, who had been -king's notary in the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_395" id="Page_395">[Pg 395]</a></span> Châtelet, was likewise taken out of the bastile -and drowned at the same place, and in the same manner as the two others -had been.</p> - -<p>In like manner was drowned a poor man, a mason's labourer, whom the -wife of master Odo de Bucy<a name="FNanchor_75_75" id="FNanchor_75_75"></a><a href="#Footnote_75_75" class="fnanchor">[75]</a> had sent from Paris with letters to -her husband, an advocate in the court of the Châtelet, and then at -Estampes. Odo de Bucy was attached to the brother of the count de -St Pol, and with him at Estampes, with the other rebellious lords. -The labourer brought back answers to the letters, and was paid, for -each day he had been out, two sols parisis. For this, however, he was -imprisoned, and condemned to be drowned at the same place where the -others had suffered. On the morrow, the wife of Odo was banished Paris: -she went to St Antoine des Champs, where she resided until peace was -made between the king and the princes of France.</p> - -<p>The princes now advanced to St Maur des Fosses, Conflans, and before -Paris, after<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_396" id="Page_396">[Pg 396]</a></span> having staid some days at Estampes, as has been related -in the chronicles of Monstrelet.</p> - -<p>On the 3d of August, the king, having a singular desire to afford some -comfort to the inhabitants of his good town of Paris, lowered the -duties on all wines sold by retail within that town, from a fourth to -an eighth; and ordained that all privileged persons should fully and -freely exercise their privileges as they had done during the reign of -his late father, the good Charles VII. whose soul may God pardon! He -also ordered that every tax paid in the town, but those on provision, -included in the six revenue-farms, which had been disposed of in the -gross, should be abolished, namely, the duties on wood-yards, on the -sales of cattle, on cloth sold by wholesale, on sea-fish, and others; -which was proclaimed that same day they were taken off, by sound of -trumpets, in all the squares of the town, in the presence of sir Denis -Hesselin, the receiver of the taxes within the said town. On this being -made public, the populace shouted for joy, sang carols in the streets, -and at night made large bonfires.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_397" id="Page_397">[Pg 397]</a></span></p> - -<p>The next day, being Sunday the 4th of August, the reverend father in -God master John Balue was consecrated bishop of Evreux, in the church -of Nôtre Dame in Paris; and this same day the king supped at the hôtel -of his treasurer of finance, master Estienne Chevalier.</p> - -<p>On Tuesday, the 6th of August, according to Gaguin, was beheaded at -the market-place in Paris, a youth called master Pierre de Gueroult, -a native of Lusignan, and afterward quartered, according to the -sentence of the provost of the marshals, he having confessed that he -had come from Brittany to inform the king that some of his principal -captains, though serving under him, were otherwise inclined, which was -meant solely to create suspicions of them in the king's mind. He had -likewise accused many notable persons in Paris of being disloyal to the -king. He had also confessed that he was a spy, to see and carry back -to the princes and lords that were in rebellion against the king an -exact account of the state of Paris, and of the king's preparations, -that they might be the better enabled to carry on their damnable<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_398" id="Page_398">[Pg 398]</a></span> -enterprises. It was for these crimes that he was executed, and his -effects confiscated to the king.</p> - -<p>During this time, the Burgundians and Bretons made two attempts to -cross the Seine and Yonne; but two good and loyal captains on the -king's side, called Salezart and Malortie, resisted them valiantly each -time with the few men they had.</p> - -<p>In this month of August, the franc-archers from the bailiwicks of Caen -and Alençon, in Normandy, arrived at Paris, and were distributed into -quarters, as follows: those from Caen, clothed in jackets, on which was -embroidered the word 'Caen,' were lodged in the Temple and within its -precincts. Those from Alençon dressed likewise in jackets, with the -words 'Audi partem' embroidered on them, were lodged in the quarter of -the Temple beyond the old gate thereof.</p> - -<p>Proclamation was made throughout Paris, on the 13th of August, for all -persons having willow-beds, or poplars, growing near to the walls, to -cut them down within two days after this proclamation, or they would be -abandoned to whoever would<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_399" id="Page_399">[Pg 399]</a></span> cut them down and carry them off. On this -day, the count d'Eu came to Paris, as lieutenant-general for the king, -and was decently received as such by the town.</p> - -<p>Whilst the Burgundians were skirmishing before the walls of Paris, an -usher of the court of Châtelet, called Cassin Cholet, had ran through -the streets, crying out, 'Get into your houses, and shut your doors, -for the Burgundians have entered the town of Paris,' which caused -many women to fall in labour before their time, and others to lose -their senses. For this cause, he was imprisoned, and, on the 14th of -August, was sentenced by the provost of Paris to be flogged through the -streets in which he had caused such an alarm, to be deprived of all -his offices, and confined for a month on bread and water. He was tied -to the tail of a filthy dung-cart, that had just been employed on its -stinking business, flogged in all the squares, and then returned to -prison.<a name="FNanchor_76_76" id="FNanchor_76_76"></a><a href="#Footnote_76_76" class="fnanchor">[76]</a></p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_400" id="Page_400">[Pg 400]</a></span></p> - -<p>About this time, two hundred archers on horseback, tolerably well -appointed, arrived in Paris, under the command of one called Mignon. -In the number were many armed with strong cross-bows, veuglaires, and -hand-culverins. In the rear of this company came, on horseback, eight -wanton women, sinners, with a black monk for their confessor.</p> - -<p>At this period, sir Charles de Melun, who had been the king's -lieutenant in Paris, was dismissed from his office, and the count -d'Eu appointed in his stead. The king made sir Charles, in lieu of -his lieutenancy, grand master of his household, and gave him also the -bailiwick of Evreux, of which place, and of Honnefleur, he appointed -him governor.<a name="FNanchor_77_77" id="FNanchor_77_77"></a><a href="#Footnote_77_77" class="fnanchor">[77]</a></p> - - - -<div class="footnotes"><p class="ph3">FOOTNOTES:</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_74_74" id="Footnote_74_74"></a><a href="#FNanchor_74_74"><span class="label">[74]</span></a> Mitry,—a town in Brie, five leagues from Meaux.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_75_75" id="Footnote_75_75"></a><a href="#FNanchor_75_75"><span class="label">[75]</span></a> Odo de Bucy. This may be Oudart de Bussy, who was -afterwards hanged at Hêdin.—See Supplement to Comines, 4to. vol. iv.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_76_76" id="Footnote_76_76"></a><a href="#FNanchor_76_76"><span class="label">[76]</span></a> The king saw this execution in one of the squares, -and cried out to the executioner, 'Strike hard, and don't spare the -scoundrel, for he has deserved a severer punishment.' -</p> -<p> -<i>La Chronique Scandaleuse.</i></p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_77_77" id="Footnote_77_77"></a><a href="#FNanchor_77_77"><span class="label">[77]</span></a> He was called the Sardanapalus of his time,—the -swallower of wines and soups. He was afterwards beheaded at -Andely.—<i>Cabinet de Louis XI.</i> No. 1. vol. ii. <span class="smcap">Comines</span>.</p></div></div> - - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_401" id="Page_401">[Pg 401]</a></span></p> - -<p class="ph2"><a name="CHAP_LXII" id="CHAP_LXII">CHAP. LXII.</a></p> - -<blockquote> - -<p>THE BURGUNDIANS AND BRETONS QUARTER THEMSELVES ROUND PARIS; ON WHICH -ACCOUNT, THE CITIZENS ADD TO THE FORTIFICATIONS OF THEIR TOWN DURING -THE KING'S ABSENCE IN NORMANDY.—THE KING RETURNS TO PARIS, WHEN -SEVERAL SALLIES ARE MADE THENCE ON THE ENEMY, DURING THE LIEUTENANCY -OF THE COUNT D'EU.—OTHER EVENTS OMITTED BY MONSTRELET.</p></blockquote> - - -<p class="drop"><span class="uppercase">The</span> Burgundians and Bretons, having recruited themselves in Brie and -the Gâtinois, returned, on the feast of the Assumption of our Lady, to -Lagny sur Marne, and, on the ensuing Friday, fixed their quarters at -Creil, and other places on the river Seine, around Paris. The Parisians -were alarmed lest an attempt should be made on their town during the -king's absence, as it had been rumoured among them, that one called -master Girault, a cannonier of the Burgundians, had boasted that he -would plant a battery on the dung-heaps fronting the gates<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_402" id="Page_402">[Pg 402]</a></span> of St Denis -and St Anthony, that should destroy that part of the town, and greatly -damage the walls. It was therefore ordered, that one person from each -house in Paris should go, on the morrow, with shovels and pick-axes to -these dung-heaps, and level them with the ground: little, however, was -done,—and the heaps remained as they were. On this occasion, sheds, -bulwarks and trenches, were made on the outside of the walls, not only -for the better defence of the town, but for the security of the guards.</p> - -<p>The following Saturday, a number of the principal inhabitants, -and others, waited on the count d'Eu, the king's lieutenant, and -remonstrated strongly with him on the necessity of concluding a -permanent peace between the king and the rebellious princes, for the -general welfare and comfort of the kingdom. The count replied to them, -that as the king, when he made him his lieutenant, had given him full -powers to act for him, and for his kingdom, in such wise as might be -the most profitable for both, the which he was bounden to do,—he would -employ every possible means to bring about<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_403" id="Page_403">[Pg 403]</a></span> a general pacification, -and, if necessary, would go in person to the enemy's quarters. Many -fair offers were made to this effect to the Parisians by the count -d'Eu, and master John de Poppincourt, his adviser.<a name="FNanchor_78_78" id="FNanchor_78_78"></a><a href="#Footnote_78_78" class="fnanchor">[78]</a></p> - -<p>The Burgundians and Bretons advanced, on the Monday, nearer to Paris; -and on the following day, the count d'Eu sent the lord de Rambures to -them, to learn their intentions, and if they had any propositions to -make. On the morrow, the lord de Rambures returned; but little was said -of what he had done in his conference with the confederated lords. On -the Thursday following, the 22d of August, the Burgundians and Bretons -intended to have skirmished before the walls of Paris, but a large -force issued out against them. At this moment, a breton archer of the -body to the duke of Berry, accoutred in brigandines, covered with black -velvet, with gilt nails, wearing a hood on his head orna<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_404" id="Page_404">[Pg 404]</a></span>mented with -tassels of silver gilt, struck a horse on the flanks and thighs which -bore one of the king's men at arms, who wheeling about to return to -Paris, his horse fell dead under him; but an archer of the count d'Eu's -company, seeing what had passed, hastily advanced, and thrust a half -pike through the body of the archer, who fell dead on the spot. He then -despoiled him of his dress, and carried that and his horse into Paris, -leaving him naked all but his shirt.</p> - -<p>At this time, the king removed the queen from Amboise to Orleans; and -on the following Thursday he supped in Paris, at the house of the lord -d'Ermenonville, where he made good cheer. He carried with him the count -du Perche, William de Bischguiot, Durie, Jacques de Crevecœur, the lord -de Craon, sir Yves du Sau, sir Gastonnet du Léon, Nuast de Mompedon, -Guillaume le Cointe, and master Regnault des Dormans.—The women were, -the damsel d'Ermenonville, La Longue Joye, and the duchess of Longueil: -the other women of low degree were, Estiennette de Paris, Perrette de -Châlons, and Jeanne Baillette.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_405" id="Page_405">[Pg 405]</a></span></p> - -<p>On the 22d of this month, the king went to meet the confederated -princes, with few attendants and without any guards, as far as La -Grange aux Merciers; but the duke of Berry was not there. The duke of -Bourbon had some conversation on the Thursday with the king, in the -open space before Paris, beyond the ditch of La Grange de Ruilly. The -king was that day more decently dressed than usual, for he had on a -purple flowing robe, fully trimmed with ermine, that became him much -more than those short dresses he generally wore.</p> - -<p>On the following Saturday, the count de Charolois quitted his army, and -had it proclaimed through his camp, that all should be ready prepared, -under pain of death, to march instantly against the Liegeois, who were -destroying his country with fire and sword.</p> - -<p>On the Sunday, Monday, and Tuesday, the duke of Berry, who was lodged -at St Maur des Fossés, was attacked with fever, which lasted these -three days, when he was cured.</p> - -<p>The king had, this Monday, fires lighted, and a strict watch kept up in -Paris,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_406" id="Page_406">[Pg 406]</a></span> and the chains fastened across the principal streets, as had -been always done since the re-appearance of the Burgundians.</p> - -<p>On the Thursday, the duke of Berry, with the other princes of the -blood, were lodged at the palace of Beauté, as has been told by -Monstrelet; but I find in another authentic chronicle, and even in -Gaguin, that he sent some of his heralds to Paris, who carried four -letters,—one to the burghers and inhabitants of that town, another -to the university, another to the clergy, and another to the court of -parliament. The contents of all were the same, namely, that he and -the other princes of the blood had assembled and come thither for the -general good of France, and that the town should send to him five or -six burghers of note, to hear the reasons why he and those of his -kindred had thought themselves obliged to take up arms for the welfare -of the kingdom.</p> - -<p>In compliance with these letters, and that the inhabitants might -learn the reasons of their conduct from their own mouths, the town -delegated for this purpose, master Jean Choart, then lieutenant-civil -at the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_407" id="Page_407">[Pg 407]</a></span> court of the Châtelet, master Francis Hasle, advocate in the -parliament, and Arnault L'Huillier, banker in Paris. The delegates from -the clergy were master Thomas de Courcelles, dean of Paris, master John -l'Olive, doctor in divinity, and master Eustache L'Huillier, advocate -in the parliament. The parliament deputed master John le Boulengier, -master John le Sellier, archdeacon of Brie, and master Jacques -Fournier. The deputies from the university were master Jacques Ming, -lecturer to the faculty of arts; master John L'Huillier, for divinity; -master John de Montigny, for civil law; master Anguerant de Parenti, -for physic. They were all assembled and presented to the princes by the -reverend father in God master William Chartier bishop of Paris.</p> - -<p>News arrived this day that master Pierre d'Oris,<a name="FNanchor_79_79" id="FNanchor_79_79"></a><a href="#Footnote_79_79" class="fnanchor">[79]</a> superintendant of -the king's finances, had left him and joined the duke of Berry.</p> - -<p>The above-mentioned delegates having waited on the confederated princes -at Beauté,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_408" id="Page_408">[Pg 408]</a></span> returned to the hôtel des Tournelles at Paris, where they -met the count d'Eu, to whom they related what had passed, and the -proposals they had received from these princes.</p> - -<p>On Saturday, the 24th of August, the university, the clergy, the court -of parliament, with the municipal officers of the town, were assembled -at the town-house to hear the report of their delegates, and to form -resolutions thereon. It was resolved, that in regard to the request -made by the princes for the assembling of the three estates of the -realm, it was just and reasonable, and that a passage should be granted -them through Paris, and provisions afforded them, on paying for what -they should receive; at the same time, they must give good security -that no riots or disorders should be committed by their men, and these -resolutions were to be subject to the approbation of the king,—and the -delegates were ordered to carry back this answer to the princes.</p> - -<p>On this same Saturday, a muster was made in Paris, not only of the -king's men at arms but of all others capable of bearing arms, so that -it was a fine sight. First<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_409" id="Page_409">[Pg 409]</a></span> marched on foot the archers from Normandy; -then the archers on horseback; then the men at arms of the companies -of the count d'Eu, of the lord de Craon, of the lord de la Barde, -and of the bastard of Maine, to the amount of four or five hundred -well appointed lances, exclusive of infantry to the amount of sixteen -hundred, all men of good courage.</p> - -<p>This day, the king sent letters to Paris, to say that he was at -Chartres with his uncle the count du Maine, and a considerable army, -and that within three or four days he should come to Paris. This day -also arrived at Paris the admiral de Montauban, with a large force of -men at arms.</p> - -<p>The duke of Berry, who had gone with his attendants to St Denis, -returned to Beauté, fearing the king's return. Wednesday, the 28th of -August, the king did return to Paris, as Monstrelet has related; but -he has omitted, what I have found in another chronicle, namely, that -the king was attended by the count du Maine and the lord de Penthievre -and others; that he brought back the artillery he had taken with him, -and a large body of pioneers from<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_410" id="Page_410">[Pg 410]</a></span> Normandy, who were all lodged in the -king's hôtel of St Pol. The populace were much rejoiced at his return, -and sang carols in all the streets through which he passed.</p> - -<p>The next day, the Burgundians came to skirmish before the walls of -Paris; but so great a number of the king's men at arms sallied forth, -with artillery, that they were forced to return, but not without having -had many of their men killed and dismounted. The following Friday, -several large convoys of flour, and other provisions, arrived at Paris -from Normandy: in the number, two horse-loads of eel pies of Gort were -brought from Mantes, and sold in the poultry-market, in front of the -Châtelet at Paris.</p> - -<p>In the afternoon of this day, Poncet de Riviere, with his company, -amounting to three or four hundred horse, made a sally, in the -expectation of meeting the Burgundians or Bretons, but was -disappointed, so nothing was done. On the night of this day, the -Burgundians dislodged from La Grange aux Merciers, because the king's -artillery were within shot of them. When<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_411" id="Page_411">[Pg 411]</a></span> they dislodged, they unroofed -the building, and carried off all the wood-work, such as doors, -windows, &c. to make themselves sheds elsewhere, or for fire-wood.</p> - -<p>On this day, according to Robert Gaguin, the king banished five of the -delegates who had been at Beauté from Paris: their names were, master -John L'Huillier, curate of St Germain, master Eustache L'Huillier -and Arnoult L'Huillier, his brothers, master John Choart, and master -Francis Hasle, advocate in the parliament.</p> - -<p>Several gallant sallies were made, on the following Saturday, from -the gates of St Denis and St Antoine,—at the first of which, an -archer on the king's side was killed, and on the part of the enemy -many were slain and wounded. This day, the king sallied forth from -his bulwark of the tower of Billy, and thence ordered three or four -hundred of the pioneers from Normandy to cross the Seine, to work -on the Port à l'Anglois, and opposite to Conflans, for it was said, -that the Burgundians designed to throw a bridge over that part of the -river,—and the king ordered a strong guard of observation to be posted -there.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_412" id="Page_412">[Pg 412]</a></span> The king followed the pioneers, and crossed the Seine by a -ferry without dismounting.</p> - -<p>On Sunday, the first day of September, the Burgundians threw a bridge -over the river at the Port à l'Anglois; but the moment they were about -to march over, a body of franc-archers, with others of the king's -troops, made their appearance, with artillery and other engines, and -attacked the Burgundians so sharply that they slew many and forced them -to retreat.</p> - -<p>While this engagement was going on, a Norman swam over the river, and -cut the cables that supported the bridge, so that it fell and floated -down the stream. The Burgundians were likewise forced to move their -quarters further from the walls, as the king's artillery annoyed them -much. The Burgundians played their artillery also against the Port à -l'Anglois, by which a Norman gentleman had his head carried away by a -shot from a culverin.</p> - -<p>This day, two embassies came to the king at Paris,—one from the duke -of Nemours, the other from the count d'Armagnac. A fine sally was made -on the same day, by sir Charles de Melun, the captain<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_413" id="Page_413">[Pg 413]</a></span> Malortie, and -their companies, who had a successful skirmish with the Burgundians. -This day also, there arrived from Anjou about four hundred men, armed -with large cross-bows, who were instantly marched against the enemy, -when two of the king's archers were killed and one taken,—but seven -Burgundians were slain, and two made prisoners.</p> - -<p>On this Sunday, the duke of Somerset came from the confederates, under -passports, to the king, with whom he had a long conversation in the -bastile of St Anthony. He was then offered refreshments,—and, on -taking his leave, the king, as it rained, gave him his cloak, which was -of black velvet.</p> - -<p>On Monday, the 2d of September, the count du Maine, who was lodged at -Paris opposite to the king, sent to the duke of Berry two tuns of red -wine, four hogsheads of vin de Beaume, and a horse-load of apples, -cabbages and turnips.</p> - - - -<div class="footnotes"><p class="ph3">FOOTNOTES:</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_78_78" id="Footnote_78_78"></a><a href="#FNanchor_78_78"><span class="label">[78]</span></a> He was son to Jean de Popaincourt, first president of the -parliament of Paris, and died president à Mortier 1480. It was he who, -in December 1475, pronounced sentence of death on the constable de St -Pol.—<i>Note in</i> <span class="smcap">Comines</span>, vol. ii. p. 25.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_79_79" id="Footnote_79_79"></a><a href="#FNanchor_79_79"><span class="label">[79]</span></a> D'Oris,—d'Oriole, afterward chancellor of France, and -well known in the history of Louis XI.</p></div></div> - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_414" id="Page_414">[Pg 414]</a></span></p> - - -<p class="ph2"><a name="CHAP_LXIII" id="CHAP_LXIII">CHAP. LXIII.</a></p> - -<blockquote> - -<p>COMMISSIONERS APPOINTED BY THE KING AND THE CONFEDERATES TO SETTLE -THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THEM.—THE NOBLES OF NORMANDY COME TO PARIS -TO SERVE THE KING.—SEVERAL SALLIES AND ASSAULTS ON EACH SIDE.—OTHER -EVENTS THAT HAPPENED IN THIS SAME YEAR MCCCCLXV, OMITTED BY -MONSTRELET, UNTIL THE FINAL PEACE BETWEEN THE KING AND THE PRINCES.</p></blockquote> - - -<p class="drop"><span class="uppercase">On</span> Tuesday, the 2d of September, after several parleys, commissioners -were at length named by the king and the confederates to settle their -differences. On the part of the king were selected the count du Maine -and the lord de Precigny,<a name="FNanchor_80_80" id="FNanchor_80_80"></a><a href="#Footnote_80_80" class="fnanchor">[80]</a> pre<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_415" id="Page_415">[Pg 415]</a></span>sident of the parliament of Toulouse. -On the part of the confederates, the duke of Calabria, the count de St -Pol, and the count de Dunois.</p> - -<p>This day, the magazine of gunpowder at the gate of the Temple -accidentally took fire, where were eight pieces of artillery ready for -firing,—and by this accident they went off, and blew away the roof of -the gateway.</p> - -<p>When these commissioners met, after some few preliminaries were -settled, they agreed on a truce until the Thursday following, which -prevented any hostile attempts on either side. During this term, each -party fortified itself as well as it could; but, nevertheless, both -parties conversed together until Thursday came. As the count du Maine -was passing through the gate of St Anthony, on his return from the -Burgundians, he bade the porters be of good cheer; for, if it pleased -God, before eight days were over, they should all have good cause to -rejoice and sing carols.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_416" id="Page_416">[Pg 416]</a></span></p> - -<p>This day, the truce was prolonged to the ensuing Wednesday; and on the -Friday the commissioners assembled, in consultation, at La Grange aux -Merciers, in a pavilion that had been pitched for that purpose.</p> - -<p>During the truce, about two thousand of the most decent of the Bretons -and Burgundians came in great pomp, to show themselves, as far as the -ditches behind St Antoine aux Champs, whither several of the Parisians -came out to see and converse with them, although the king had forbidden -it, and was so much displeased, when he saw them doing so, that he was -tempted to fire at them with the serpentines and other cannon, that -were ready loaded, from the tower of Billy.</p> - -<p>Sunday, the 8th of September, being the feast of the Nativity of the -Virgin, the king set out from the hôtel of the Tournelles, to go to the -cathedral; and as he passed by the church of the Magdalen, he entered -himself a companion of the great brotherhood of the burghers of Paris, -in which he was followed by the bishop of Evreux and others of the -nobility. The<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_417" id="Page_417">[Pg 417]</a></span> next day, the Burgundians and Bretons took possession of -the vineyards at Aignancourt, La Courtille, and others round Paris, and -made wine for their own drinking, although the grapes were not ripe. -This forced the Parisians to do the same at other vineyards; and the -wines, consequently, were thin and weak.</p> - -<p>Many nobles from Normandy now arrived at Paris to serve the king in his -wars, and were quartered, with their men, in the suburbs of St Marcel. -Among them were some loose companions, who committed many robberies -and riots, which being opposed by the inhabitants, made them attempt -to enter Paris by force. As the burghers resisted, the Normans abused -them much, by calling them Traitors and Burgundians; adding, that they -would bring them to understand things better,—for that they had only -come from Normandy to Paris to put them to death, and pillage them. -This conduct, according to master Robert Gaguin, was heavily complained -of; and examinations having taken place in consequence, the ringleader -of these riots was condemned to make an amende honor<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_418" id="Page_418">[Pg 418]</a></span>able, before the -town-hall, to the procurator of the said town. This was publicly done -by the criminal, bareheaded, ungirdled, with a lighted torch in his -hand; and when he was arrived in front of the town-hall, he declared -that he had falsely and wickedly lied in uttering the above words, and -begged to be pardoned for having so done; after which declaration, he -had his tongue pierced with a hot iron, and was then banished for ever.</p> - -<p>The following Monday, some of the Burgundians came to show themselves -before Paris, among whom was the count de St Pol,—and the king issued -out of the town to confer with him. They were about two hours in -conversation; and the king gave him the count du Maine as an hostage, -who remained in the burgundian camp until the return of the count de St -Pol.</p> - -<p>This same day, according to Gaguin, the king said to some of the -Parisians, at the gate of St Anthony, on his return from this -conference, that the Burgundians should not, in future, give them the -trouble they had done, for that he would defend them well. An attorney -of the Châtelet, named<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_419" id="Page_419">[Pg 419]</a></span> Pierre Beron, replied, 'Indeed, sire! but they -vintage and eat our grapes without any remedy being provided against -them.' The king answered, that it was better they should eat their -grapes than enter Paris and seize their plate and valuables, which they -had hidden in their cellars.</p> - -<p>The following Friday, two hundred horse-loads of salt fish, and other -sorts, arrived at the Paris-market, in spite of the Burgundians, -Bretons, and others, who had threatened to reduce the inhabitants to -eat their cats and rats.</p> - -<p>The truce was again prolonged several times, and at length until the -18th of September,—during which, the Burgundians victualled their -camps well, at the expense of the poor people in the country around. -There cannot be a doubt but that if the king had been willing to have -risked a general engagement, provided he had been faithfully served by -his captains, he would have reduced his enemies to such a state that -they would have been unable to return to the countries they had come -from, and would have fully repaid them for having insulted Paris.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_420" id="Page_420">[Pg 420]</a></span></p> - -<p>On Wednesday, the 18th, all hopes of a peace were at an end,—for, -notwithstanding the frequent conferences of the commissioners, all -was broken off; and on this day the blockade of the Port à l'Anglois -was raised by the king, and the men at arms were lodged in the -carthusian convent: they were six hundred men, with their horses and -attendants,—which so completely filled the convent that the holy -religious men were driven from their cells and places of devotion.</p> - -<p>On the morrow, a grand council was held in the hall of the court of -exchequer, at which were present all the aldermen and the deputies of -the sixteen wards, together with a number of counsellors from the court -of parliament and other officers. The chancellor, Morvilliers, then -explained to them, in the king's name, what great offers he had made -to the princes before Paris, in answer to their demands respecting the -appanage of his brother, the duke of Berry, for whom they required the -duchies of Guienne, Poitou, and Saintonge, or the duchy of Normandy. -The king's commissioners had replied to this, that his ma<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_421" id="Page_421">[Pg 421]</a></span>jesty -could not dismember the domains of the crown; and the king afterward -offered to give his brother, in lieu of these duchies, the counties of -Champagne and Brie, reserving to himself the towns of Meaux, Montereau, -and Melun.</p> - -<p>The chancellor said, that the count de Charolois and the others -had made exorbitant demands for repayment of their expenses; which -expenses, indeed, ought not to be greatly objected against, but -they would not accept of any thing less than the whole of their -demands,—and there the matter now rested until the following Friday. -On this day, the young seneschal of Normandy<a name="FNanchor_81_81" id="FNanchor_81_81"></a><a href="#Footnote_81_81" class="fnanchor">[81]</a> sallied out of Paris, -with six hundred well-appointed horse, to skirmish with the enemy, -which they did most valiantly. Among the vineyards of St Antoine des -Champs, four-and-twenty Burgundians and others, pillagers, were made -prisoners. They were almost all naked, and very badly drest, and sold -by auction, four for a golden crown, which was then worth twenty-six -sols, six deniers parisis.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_422" id="Page_422">[Pg 422]</a></span></p> - -<p>The following Saturday, the Bretons won the town of Pontoise, at break -of day, as Enguerrand the chronicler has simply told it; but I find -in Gaguin, that one named Louis Forbier, then lieutenant-governor of -Pontoise for Joachim Rohault, by false and wicked treason, conspired -against his sovereign, and admitted these Bretons into the town. The -said Louis had it proclaimed, that all of the company of Joachim -Rohault, who would not remain, might leave the town in safety with -their baggage: that, immediately on his giving up the place, he and -some of his companions went to Meulan,<a name="FNanchor_82_82" id="FNanchor_82_82"></a><a href="#Footnote_82_82" class="fnanchor">[82]</a> wearing the king's badge of -the white cross, that they might gain admittance without difficulty. -But before his arrival, those in Meulan had been informed of his -treason,—and the moment he was seen from the battlements by the -garrison, already under arms, they cried out to him, 'Go thy ways, for -a false and disloyal traitor!' and fired some cannon at him, which -forced him to retire with disgrace and shame.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_423" id="Page_423">[Pg 423]</a></span></p> - -<p>The ensuing Monday, a considerable body of the enemy, by way of a -morning visit, appeared at an early hour before the gate of St Anthony; -but in consequence of the firing of some artillery from the walls, they -retreated to a further distance, and nothing was done.</p> - -<p>On the Monday, according to Gaguin, the watch in Paris were alarmed -by an extraordinary light in the skies that looked like a comet, -and seemed to move from the enemy's quarters, and to fall into the -ditch near the hôtel d'Ardoise: not guessing what it could be, they -thought it might have been a rocket discharged by the Burgundians, and -sent immediate information thereof to the king at his hôtel of the -Tournelles. He, like an active prince, mounted his horse, and went -instantly on the walls, near to the hôtel d'Ardoise, where he staid -some time, and sent to all the quarters of Paris, to put them on their -guard; but they neither saw nor heard any thing further of the enemy -that night.</p> - -<p>The Bretons and Burgundians, quartered near Paris, made many songs, and -scandalous ballads, on those in whom the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_424" id="Page_424">[Pg 424]</a></span> king put most confidence, -that he might be displeased with and dismiss them from his service, for -the more easy accomplishment of their damnable designs.</p> - -<p>One evening, about two o'clock after midnight, master John Balue, -bishop of Evreux, was waylaid in the street of Barre-du-Bec, and -attacked with swords and staves,—so that, being wounded, he was forced -to fly, and sticking spurs into his mule, she ran away with him, like -a wild thing, and never stopped until she brought him to his house, -in the cloisters of Nôtre Dame, whence he had set out. The king was -very angry on hearing this, and ordered inquiry to be made after the -perpetrators of the deed, but in vain; for it was not known who had -done it, although it was said, some time afterward, that the lord de -Villier-le-bôcage was the principal, at the request of one called -Jeanne du Bois, with whom he was enamoured.</p> - -<p>At this time, Alexander l'Orget, a native of Paris, in company with -four others, quitted Paris, with all his effects, and joined the duke -of Berry at St Denis. On the Thursday following, toward the end of<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_425" id="Page_425">[Pg 425]</a></span> -September, many of the townsmen came to make heavy complaints to the -magistrates, at the town-hall, against the military, for making and -singing defamatory songs against them, praying that a remedy might be -provided, to prevent such conduct in future. The words complained of -were in substance as follows. They swore by God, and other shocking -oaths, that the wealth and riches in Paris did not belong to the -inhabitants but to them, the men at arms now in the town,—saying, 'We -wish you to know that, in despite of you, we will take away the keys of -your houses, and throw you and all within them out of doors; and if you -chatter, we are enow in Paris to master you all.'</p> - -<p>Among others, a fool from Normandy said aloud, at the gate of St Denis, -that the Parisians were simpler than he was, if they thought the chains -that were across the streets could prevent them from being insulted by -those now in the town. In consequence of such speeches, the magistrates -ordered the heads of the different wards to have good fires lighted -during the night at their places of rendezvous, and that the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_426" id="Page_426">[Pg 426]</a></span> whole of -the night-watch should be there regularly under arms: the chains were -also kept up, and the town more strictly watched in the night than -before, until daybreak.</p> - -<p>This night, there was an alarming rumour that the gate of the bastile -of St Anthony had been left open for the admission of the enemy, who -was before it; and, in truth, several cannon were found near there -with their touchholes spiked, so that they would have been useless had -there been occasion for them. Some of the king's captains were uneasy -at these fires in the streets, and the increase of the nightly watch, -and went to the hôtel of the Tournelles to inquire of the king whether -he had ordered them, or by whom these things had been thus done. The -king replied, that he was ignorant of the matter, and instantly sent -for sir John L'Huillier, the town-clerk, who came to him immediately, -and assured the king and the said captains, that the fires and increase -of the night-watch had been made with the best intentions. The king, -however, ordered sir Charles de Melun to go to the town-house, and -to all the quarters of Paris, to give orders that the fires<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_427" id="Page_427">[Pg 427]</a></span> should -be extinguished, and that the watch should retire to bed; but the -inhabitants refused to obey, and remained under arms until daybreak. -Many have since maintained, that had they retired, according to the -orders of sir Charles de Melun, which, through God's grace they did -not, the town would have been lost and totally destroyed; for the -enemy, before Paris, was ready to enter the town by means of the -bastile.</p> - -<p>Two pursuivants at arms arrived, on the Friday ensuing, at Paris. One -came from Gisors<a name="FNanchor_83_83" id="FNanchor_83_83"></a><a href="#Footnote_83_83" class="fnanchor">[83]</a> to require aid from the king, for that there were -from five to six hundred lances before it, and that there were no men -at arms within the town for its defence, and that they had neither -powder nor artillery. The other pursuivant was sent by Hugh des Vignes, -esquire, a man at arms, having charge of the company of the lord de la -Barde. This Hugh was then in Meulan, and had sent to tell the king, -that, from information of persons of credit, he had learnt that the -Bretons and others intended to gain Rouen as they had done Pontoise,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_428" id="Page_428">[Pg 428]</a></span> -and by means of intelligence which they had within the castle or palace -of the said town, that he might provide against such attempts.</p> - -<p>This day, Friday, the commissioners for obtaining peace, dined all -together at St Antoine des Champs, whither the king sent wine, bread, -fish, and every thing necessary for their entertainment. Thither also -were carried, in a cart, all the rentals and rolls of account relative -to Champagne and Brie, from the chamber of accounts at Paris. The next -day, the commissioners on both sides again met,—that is to say, my -lord of Maine and those of his company, on the part of the king, with -the other princes and lords who were at La Grange aux Merciers; and -the following were ordered to repair, on behalf of the king, to the -aforesaid St Antoine aux Champs,—namely, master Estienne Chevalier, -treasurer of France, master Arnould Bouchier and Christopher Paillart, -counsellors in the exchequer. The additional commissioners on the other -side were, Guillaume de Bische, master Pierre d'Oriole, master John -Berart, master John Compaign, a licentiate full of Latin, and master -Ythier Marchant; but this day nothing was done.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_429" id="Page_429">[Pg 429]</a></span></p> - -<p>The king received letters from the widow of the late sir Pierre de -Brézé, to inform him that she had arrested the lord de Broquemont, -governor of the palace of Rouen, on suspicion of treason; and that he -might not be any way distrustful of Rouen, for, from the end of the -bridge to the palace, the inhabitants were all loyal and ready to serve -him.</p> - -<p>On the Sunday following, at daybreak, seven men surrendered themselves -at the bulwark of the tower de Billy, who had escaped from the army -of the Burgundians. Four were agents to some merchants in Orleans, -two for some in Paris, and the seventh was a Fleming. They had been -all condemned to be hanged, because, after their capture, no one had -offered to ransom them. They reported, that on the preceding Wednesday, -a shot from a serpentine on the tower de Billy had killed seven -Burgundians, and wounded many more.</p> - -<p>This day, after dinner, news was brought to the king, that the duke of -Bourbon had gained Rouen, having entered the castle on the side toward -the country by means of the widow of the late lord de Brézé, to whom -the king had been unusual<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_430" id="Page_430">[Pg 430]</a></span>ly bountiful, and in whom he had the greatest -confidence.<a name="FNanchor_84_84" id="FNanchor_84_84"></a><a href="#Footnote_84_84" class="fnanchor">[84]</a> The chief managers in this business for the widow were, -the bishop of Evreux,<a name="FNanchor_85_85" id="FNanchor_85_85"></a><a href="#Footnote_85_85" class="fnanchor">[85]</a> master John Hebert, and others.</p> - -<p>When this was known to the confederated princes (although the duke of -Berry had before been satisfied with having Champagne and Brie for his -appanage,) they sent to inform the king, that his brother would not -accept of any other appanage than the duchy of Normandy, to which he -was forced to consent. The king, therefore, since he could not prevent -it, gave to the lord Charles the duchy of Normandy, and took to himself -the duchy of Berry. He was also forced to agree to the extravagant -demands of the other princes, as a compensation for their expenses in -bearing arms against him,—and they all plundered him well. But this -has been before amply related by Enguerrand de Monstrelet.</p> - -<div class="footnotes"><p class="ph3">FOOTNOTES:</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_80_80" id="Footnote_80_80"></a><a href="#FNanchor_80_80"><span class="label">[80]</span></a> The lord de Precigny—was president of the chamber of -accounts. Another commissioner was appointed, namely, <i>John Dauvet, -then</i> president of the parliament of Toulouse. He was greatly in the -confidence of Louis XI. and employed by him on several embassies. He -died in 1471, first president of the parliament of Paris, and was one -of the most celebrated magistrates of his time. -</p> -<p> -<i>Note</i>, vol. ii. <span class="smcap">Comines</span>, p. 39. -</p> -<p> -The lord de Precigny was also lord de Beaveau; and many letters of his -in MS. to the king, Louis XI. remain among the MSS. of Gagnieres. -</p> -<p> -<i>Note</i>, vol. ii. <span class="smcap">Comines</span>, p. 32.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_81_81" id="Footnote_81_81"></a><a href="#FNanchor_81_81"><span class="label">[81]</span></a> The young seneschal of Normandy,—son to the late sir -Pierre de Brézé, killed at Montlehery.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_82_82" id="Footnote_82_82"></a><a href="#FNanchor_82_82"><span class="label">[82]</span></a> Meulan,—on the Seine, ten leagues from Paris.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_83_83" id="Footnote_83_83"></a><a href="#FNanchor_83_83"><span class="label">[83]</span></a> Gisors,—capital of Vixin-Normand, 16 leagues from Paris.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_84_84" id="Footnote_84_84"></a><a href="#FNanchor_84_84"><span class="label">[84]</span></a> Her name was Jane Crespin, countess of Maulevrier. She -was obliged, afterward, to obtain letters of pardon for this crime from -Louis XI. See No. 82. of Proofs to Comines.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_85_85" id="Footnote_85_85"></a><a href="#FNanchor_85_85"><span class="label">[85]</span></a> The bishop of Evreux,—John Balue, well known afterward -as cardinal of Arras.</p></div></div> - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_431" id="Page_431">[Pg 431]</a></span></p> - - -<p class="ph2"><a name="CHAP_LXIV" id="CHAP_LXIV">CHAP. LXIV.</a></p> - -<blockquote> - -<p>AFTER THE TREATY OF CONFLANS BETWEEN THE KING AND PRINCES, PROVISIONS -ARE BROUGHT TO THE CONFEDERATE ARMY FROM PARIS, ON PAYMENT BEING MADE -FOR THEM.—THE COUNT DE CHAROLOIS, ON MUSTERING HIS TROOPS, DECLARES -HIMSELF VASSAL TO THE KING.—HE DOES HOMAGE FOR WHAT HE HOLDS UNDER -THE CROWN OF FRANCE.—THE DUKE OF BERRY AND THE OTHERS DO THEIR -HOMAGE.—PEACE IS PROCLAIMED.—OTHER EVENTS.</p></blockquote> - - -<p class="drop"><span class="uppercase">The</span> king ordered proclamation to be made for every one to carry -provisions to the camps of the Burgundians and Bretons,—which being -done, several merchants of Paris went thither with quantities of all -sorts, which were eagerly bought up by the army, more especially bread -and wine; for the men were almost starved, as their long lank cheeks, -hanging down through misery, showed, and that they could not have -borne it longer. The greater part were without hose or shoes, and were -covered with filth.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_432" id="Page_432">[Pg 432]</a></span></p> - -<p>Among those who came to obtain food were several Lifre-lofres,<a name="FNanchor_86_86" id="FNanchor_86_86"></a><a href="#Footnote_86_86" class="fnanchor">[86]</a> -Calabrians and Swiss, so famished that they seized cheeses and devoured -them unpared, and then drank marvellous draughts of wine in handsome -earthen cups. The Lord knows how joyful they were; but they had not -these things scotfree, for each paid his share handsomely. Many things -happened this day, which I pass over for brevity; but every one must -admire the inestimable resources of Paris, for the confederated army -before that town was estimated at full one hundred thousand horse, -and those within Paris at three times the number,—yet they were all -supplied with provisions for a long time from thence, and without any -rise in price. On the departure of the burgundian army, the prices of -provision were more moderate than they had ever been.</p> - -<p>The king went to visit the count de Charolois at Conflans, with so very -small an escort that those who wished him well thought it simply done: -the Picards and others of their party, even made a mockery<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_433" id="Page_433">[Pg 433]</a></span> of it, and, -in their provincial dialect, cried out, 'Eh! do you see your king, who -is talking with our lord de Charolois? they have been more than two -hours together; and by our faith, if we wished it, we have him now -under our thumb.'</p> - -<p>On Friday, the 4th of October, the king gave orders for the Burgundians -to be admitted into Paris by the gate of St Antoine, and so many -entered that several excesses were committed by them, which would not -have been suffered had it been known that the king would have been -angry with them. However, one Burgundian insisted on passing the gate -of St Antoine against the will of the porters, and in spite of one -of the company of the bastard du Maine, who guarded the wicket. The -Burgundian, in his passion, drew a dagger and stabbed the archer in the -belly as he was half opening the wicket: he was immediately seized, and -severely beaten and wounded: many would have killed him, but they were -prevented; and the affair was made known to the king, who ordered him -to be carried to the count de Charolois, for him to do proper justice -on him. The<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_434" id="Page_434">[Pg 434]</a></span> count, on hearing the evidence, instantly sentenced him to -be hanged on the gallows at Charenton.</p> - -<p>This night, the king ordered fires to be lighted in all the open -squares; and he gave orders for the watch to be increased, and to -be under arms, having an able commander, who was to inquire of all -passengers who they were, whence they came, and whither they were -going. This day was an eclipse of the moon.</p> - -<p>On Sunday, many lords from the camp came to Paris, and supped with the -king, at the house of sir John L'Huillier, town-clerk: several ladies -and damsels, with others of the nobility, were present. On this day, -the captain Salazart, with twenty men of his company, sallied out into -the plain, by the bastile of St Antoine, because that gate had been -shut by the king's orders, that no one might thence leave the town; but -for the admittance of the Burgundians it was to be opened for ten at a -time, and on their return ten others were allowed to enter, after which -the drawbridge was raised.</p> - -<p>Salazart's twenty men at arms were<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_435" id="Page_435">[Pg 435]</a></span> dressed in jackets of blue camlet, -with large white crosses for their badge: they had handsome chains -of gold round their necks, with bonnets of black velvet on their -heads, having large tufts of golden thread from Cyprus hanging down. -The housings of their horses were covered with bells of silver. To -distinguish Salazart from his men, he was mounted on a beautiful -courser, with housings covered over with plates of silver: under each -hung a large bell of silver gilt. In front of this company rode the -trumpet of Salazart mounted on a grey horse; and as the troop advanced -along the side of the walls, from the gate of St Antoine to the tower -de Billy, the trumpeter's horse fell so heavily with him that he broke -the trumpeter's neck.</p> - -<p>The ensuing Monday, news was brought to Paris that the lords de -Hautbourdin and de Saveuses had taken Peronne, and made the count -de Nevers prisoner, who was in the castle. This same day, three -prisoners escaped from the prison of Tizon,<a name="FNanchor_87_87" id="FNanchor_87_87"></a><a href="#Footnote_87_87" class="fnanchor">[87]</a> one of whom had been an -accomplice with Louis<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_436" id="Page_436">[Pg 436]</a></span> Forbier in the giving up Pontoise to the Bretons, -and was of the company of Joachim Rohault. This day, a house took fire -at Paris in Champ-gaillart,<a name="FNanchor_88_88" id="FNanchor_88_88"></a><a href="#Footnote_88_88" class="fnanchor">[88]</a> which a little alarmed the king,—and, in -consequence, he ordered fires to be continued during the nights, in all -the squares, and the guards to be reinforced.</p> - -<p>During this month of October, some of the party of the duke of Burgundy -came before the town of Beauvais, and summoned the bishop and the -inhabitants to surrender themselves to the said duke. The bishop -demanded to have the summons in writing, which he sent instantly to the -king, who transmitted it to the count de Charolois, with whom he had -concluded a peace.</p> - -<p>The count replied, that this summons was not authorised by him, and -that he wished the devil would take those who had made it, for having -done more than they were ordered. The king told the count, that since -peace had been made between them, such things should not be done,—for -that, if he were desirous of having the town of Beauvais, he would give -it to him.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_437" id="Page_437">[Pg 437]</a></span></p> - -<p>On Wednesday, the 9th of October, the provost and sheriffs of Paris -ordered the head of each ward to have fires lighted at the usual -places, all the chains extended across the streets, and a good watch -kept constantly patroling.</p> - -<p>The Thursday following, the lord de Saveuses arrived at the burgundian -camp with a large escort, having with him a great sum of money for -the count de Charolois to pay his troops. And on this day the duke of -Brittany had a meeting with the king to arrange the payment of his -expenses for the army he had raised in the support of the confederated -princes. In settling this account, he regained his county of Montfort, -besides receiving a very large sum in ready money.</p> - -<p>On the Friday, master John Boulengier, president of the parliament, -came to the town-house, to acquaint the magistrates, from the king, -that the populace must not be alarmed on seeing the whole of the count -de Charolois' force drawn up before the walls, for that it was only to -form a muster and review before the king. They did not, however, appear -on that day,—but on the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_438" id="Page_438">[Pg 438]</a></span> following it took place, and the burgundian -troops appeared in great force, extending from the bridge of Charenton -to the bois de Vincennes. The king was present, having only three -persons with him, namely, the duke of Calabria, the count de Charolois, -and the count de St Pol. This has been described by Monstrelet, but not -exactly as I relate it.</p> - -<p>When the review was over, the king returned to Paris by water; but -before his departure, the count de Charolois, addressing his troops, -said, 'Gentlemen, you and I belong to the king, my sovereign lord, who -is here present, to serve him whenever he shall have occasion for us.'</p> - -<p>On Saturday, the 12th, intelligence arrived that the town of Evreux had -been given up to the Bretons by sir John le Bœuf, who had admitted them -into the town on the preceding Wednesday, the feast of St Denis, while -the inhabitants were engaged in a religious procession,—and as the -procession went out at one gate, the Bretons entered by the other.</p> - -<p>The king received information on the 16th, that there was a plot formed -at Paris,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_439" id="Page_439">[Pg 439]</a></span> by some of his enemies, to make him prisoner, or put him to -death. In consequence, the guards were doubled on the walls and in the -streets,—and great fires were lighted every night in the squares. News -now came, that the town of Caen and the whole of Normandy had submitted -to the duke of Berry: the king, nevertheless, sent great numbers of men -at arms and franc-archers to the town of Mante.</p> - -<p>On the ensuing Wednesday, the last day but one of October, the treaty -of peace that had been concluded between the king and the princes was -publicly read in the court of parliament, and there enregistered. This -day, the king went to the princes, in the bois de Vincennes, where -the duke of Berry did homage for the duchy of Normandy, that had been -given him for his appanage. The walls and gates of Paris were this day -strictly guarded until the king returned, as he had gone to Vincennes -with very few attendants. The king wanted to sleep there that night, -and sent to Paris for his bed: but the provost and sheriffs sent an -humble remonstrance, to request that he would not sleep out of Paris, -for many rea<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_440" id="Page_440">[Pg 440]</a></span>sons. This request he complied with, and returned to Paris.</p> - -<p>On the Thursday following, the duke of Berry, the count de Charolois, -and others, broke up their encampments near Paris, and departed divers -ways. The count went toward Normandy, and was accompanied a long way by -the king on the road to Pontoise, when they went for Villiers-le-bel, -where they remained two or three days; and thence the count marched for -Picardy, in his way to make war on the Liegeois, as has been told by -Monstrelet.</p> - -<div class="footnotes"><p class="ph3">FOOTNOTES:</p> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_86_86" id="Footnote_86_86"></a><a href="#FNanchor_86_86"><span class="label">[86]</span></a> Lifre-lofres,—a mock word for the Germans and Swiss, -Swagbellies, &c.—See <span class="smcap">Cotgrave</span>.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_87_87" id="Footnote_87_87"></a><a href="#FNanchor_87_87"><span class="label">[87]</span></a> Tizon,—in the Bourbonnois, near Ganat.</p></div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a name="Footnote_88_88" id="Footnote_88_88"></a><a href="#FNanchor_88_88"><span class="label">[88]</span></a> Champ-gaillart. Q.</p></div></div> - -<p class="center">END OF VOL. X.</p> -<p class="ph5"> -H. Bryer, Printer, Bridge-street,<br /> -Blackfriars, London.<br /> -</p> - - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_441" id="Page_441">[Pg 441]</a></span></p> - -<p class="ph3">NOTES AND EMENDATIONS.</p> - - -<p>Page 3. last line. <i>Burgundy.</i>] Brittany is right; Mary, eldest -daughter of John V. and sister of John VI. and Arthur, dukes of -Brittany, was married to John I. duke of Alençon, father of the duke -here mentioned. I can find no alliance between the houses of Alençon -and Burgundy.</p> - -<p>Page 12. line 3. <i>Duke of Orleans.</i>] A mistake. He was succeeded by -Francis II. son of his younger brother, Richard, count of Etampes. See -the table in note to vol. v. p. 390. Richard, count of Estampes, who -died in 1438, married Margaret, daughter of Lewis, duke of Orleans, and -Francis II. was the only son by that marriage.</p> - -<p>Page 13. line 1. from the bottom. CHAP. IV. This chapter and the -following afford a further instance of that want of connection and -repetition which is before noticed to be so frequent in this latter -part of the history. It is evident that Monstrelet set down his details -respecting these transactions as they appear in Vol. IX. chapter 76. -and Vol. X. chapter 1. from the information he had then acquired. -The original documents themselves afterwards came to his hands, and -these he tran<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_442" id="Page_442">[Pg 442]</a></span>scribed in haste, without reference to his former -accounts. It seems reasonable to conclude that death prevented him from -arranging these different statements, and striking out all that appears -superfluous in them.</p> - -<p>Page 48. line 13. <i>Fell.</i>] Those of most note, on the king's side, -were Humphry Stafford, duke of Buckingham, who was succeeded by his -son Henry; and John, earl of Shrewsbury, lord treasurer of England, -grandson to the great Talbot. The battle was fought at two o'clock in -the afternoon on the 10th of July, and is said to have lasted only half -an hour. <i>Stow.</i></p> - -<p>Page 49. line 9. from the bottom. <i>Attempt.</i>] Together with the queen -and the prince of Wales, the dukes of Exeter and Somerset, the earls of -Devon and Wiltshire, the lord Clifford and many other great lords, were -on the king's side this day. The young duke of Rutland was murdered -in cold blood by the barbarous Clifford. The duke of York himself was -killed in the field, not made prisoner as in the text. The earl of -Salisbury was made prisoner and carried to the castle of Pomfret, where -"he had grant of life for a great ransome, but the common people of the -country, who loved him not, tooke him out of the castle by violence, -and smote off his head." The earl of March, now duke of York by his -father's death, and afterwards king of England, was at Gloucester when -this event happened.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_443" id="Page_443">[Pg 443]</a></span></p> - -<p>Page 54. line 5. <i>Uncle.</i>] Probably Ralph Nevil, earl of Westmoreland, -who is named among the slain at this battle.</p> - -<p>Page 55. line 2. from the bottom. <i>Earl of Northumberland.</i>] Henry -Percy, the second earl of that name and family who fell in this long -conflict. The former was killed at the first battle of St. Alban's, -mentioned before, vol. ix. p. 360. I believe that no earl of Shrewsbury -fell on this occasion, and that the continuator of Croyland in this -point confounds the battle of Towton with that of Northampton mentioned -before, p. 48.</p> - -<p>Page 58. last line. <i>Towton.</i>] He was created earl of Northumberland in -1463, and marquis of Montacute, or Montague, a short time after; but in -1466 he resigned the earldom in favour of Henry Percy, son of the earl -who was killed at Towton.</p> - -<p>Page 64. line 13. <i>Lord de la Roche-Bourguignon.</i>] Not de la -Roche-Bourguignon, but de la Roche, a Burgundian. This Philip lord -de la Roche, was afterwards in high favour with king Louis, and -advanced him to the dignity of count of St Pol, on the attainder and -confiscation of the constable.</p> - -<p>Page 73. line 13. from the bottom. <i>Counts of Angoulême.</i>] John count -of Angoulesme, brother to the duke of Orleans;—Charles of Artois, last -count of Eu;—John of Bourbon, count of Vendôme.</p> - -<p>Page 73. line 12. from the bottom. <i>Grand-<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_444" id="Page_444">[Pg 444]</a></span>Prè.</i>] Henry de Borselle, a -nobleman of Holland, who purchased the county of Grand-Pré from Raoul -le Bouteiller. He was father to Wolfhard de Borselle, marshal of France.</p> - -<p>Page 73. line 11. from the bottom. <i>Sir Philip de Savoye.</i>] Philip of -Savoy, lord of Bauge, younger brother to the prince of Piedmont, who -married a daughter of the duke of Bourbon, and became duke of Savoy on -the death of his grand nephew, Charles II. in 1496; John the elder, -count of Nassau.</p> - -<p>Page 74. line 10. <i>Duke of Bourbon.</i>] Peter de Bourbon, lord of -Beaujeu, who married Anne of Valois, daughter of Louis XI. and became -duke of Bourbon on the death of his elder brother without lawful issue -in 1488. James de Bourbon, a younger brother of these, died young and -unmarried.</p> - -<p>Page 77. line 19. <i>Lord de la Roche.</i>] Philip Pot, mentioned before in -p. 64.</p> - -<p>Page 78. last line. <i>Perdriac.</i>] Pardiac. See notes to vols. vii. viii. -and ix. Qu. If the count de la Marche and de Pardiac was not one and -the same person?</p> - -<p>Page 81. line 9. <i>Count du Perche.</i>] René, duke of Alençon, after the -death of his father in 1476. His mother was Joanna, daughter to the -duke of Orleans.</p> - -<p>Page 82. line 7. from the bottom. <i>Sister.</i>] Mary of Anjou, queen of -France, who survived her husband only two years, dying in 1463.</p> - -<p>Page 93. line 7. <i>Relative.</i>] I do not under<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_445" id="Page_445">[Pg 445]</a></span>stand what relationship -could possibly have existed between the count de Charolois and the duke -of Somerset, and must therefore set this down under the head of mistake.</p> - -<p>Page 95. line 18. <i>Master Nicholas Raullin.</i>] Or Rollin. He was father -of the lord d'Aymeries, mentioned before in chap. lxviii. of volume, -ix. and, by merit, had raised his family from a middling station of -life to the honours of nobility. Heuterus.</p> - -<p>Page 98. line 7. <i>Deceased.</i>] Joan de Bar only daughter and heir of -Robert, count of Marle and Soissons. Her children are said by Moreri -to have been John, count of Marle and Soissons, who was killed in 1476 -at the battle of Morat; Peter II. count of St. Pol; Anthony, count of -Brienne, and Charles, bishop and duke of Laon.</p> - -<p>Page 98. line 19. <i>Duchess of Orleans.</i>] Mary, daughter of Adolph, duke -of Cleves, third wife of Charles, duke of Orleans. The infant of whom -she is now delivered was afterwards king of France by the name of Louis -XII.</p> - -<p>Page 107. line 6. <i>Accuser.</i>] Heuterus relates the subject of this -chapter with some varieties which deserve to be noticed. "Coustain," -he says, "is reported to have sent his accomplice (whose name is -latinized to Ingiëus) into Savoy to a famous witch, from whom he -received certain waxen images of the man whom they designed to destroy, -over which various and admirable forms of incantation had been -practised." Arquembart<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_446" id="Page_446">[Pg 446]</a></span> the informer, should be Hacquenbach—"<i>Petrus -Haquenbachius, vir nobilis.</i>" Heuterus adds that, in making his -confession, Coustain did not accuse any of the family of Croy, or -other great nobles of Burgundy who were most suspected on the occasion -by the count of having instigated the crime; but he says, "The wiser -sort, however, had their suspicions with regard to king Louis; and the -opinion which they now secretly entertained seemed to be afterwards -confirmed, when they learned that he had procured the death of his -own brother, merely to avoid giving up to him a small portion of his -dominions." This is a very curious passage, for although the alledged -murder of the duke of Guienne, Louis's brother, is at least a very -doubtful point of history, and although, if manifestly proved, it would -be a strange piece of sophistry to urge that the perpetration of one -crime ought to be admitted as evidence of the intention to perpetrate -another, wholly unconnected with it either in time or circumstances, -yet it sufficiently shows what must even at the commencement of his -reign have been the character of the king, and the opinion generally -entertained of his dissimulation, perfidy, and inhumanity. I imagine -however, that Heuterus is hardly to be credited when he adds that the -suspicion entertained by the duke of Burgundy on this occasion was the -immediate cause of his quarrel with the king whom he suspected; unless -it be conjectured that among the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_447" id="Page_447">[Pg 447]</a></span> secret confessions mentioned in this -chapter to have been made by the villain Coustain previous to his -execution, he actually accused the king and supported his accusation by -some very pregnant reasons. If this be admitted, it may justify in a -great degree the assertion of Heuterus just mentioned.</p> - -<p>Page 110. line 12. <i>Lord de Goux.</i>] Qu. Joux? Peter de Beaujeu du -Columbier, lord of Joux, Montcoquier, Asnois, &c. died after 1469 -leaving Blain, lord of Joux, his son and successor.</p> - -<p>Page 116. line 11. <i>Duty.</i>] Heuterus adds that it was the purpose of -the king, with the profits of the Gabelle to have redeemed the lands on -both sides of the Somme which were assigned to the duke by the treaty -of Arras.</p> - -<p>Page 116. line 4. from the bottom. <i>Stamp.</i>] The question, as stated -by Heuterus, was "solidiori è materia Boni ne corpus coagimentatum -foret, quam ceterorum principum?" To which Chimay is made to answer, -"Imò: nam nisi id ita foret, quomodo te patris iram fugientem recipere, -&c. &c. ausus fuisset?" The king was greatly confounded, and from this -time said no more about the gabelle; but the duke of Burgundy, by the -advice of the lords of the house of Croy, and to the great displeasure -of his son, shortly after gave up the towns on the river Somme, as is -mentioned in chapter 23.</p> - -<p>Page 118. line 3. from the bottom. <i>Duke<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_448" id="Page_448">[Pg 448]</a></span> of Orleans.</i>] Qu. Peter, lord -of Beaujeu, was married to Anne daughter of Louis XI. This might be a -second marriage; but I do not find it so in the genealogical tables -which I have consulted.</p> - -<p>Page 119. line 8. <i>Lord d'Arquel.</i>] Here is a double mistake in the -genealogy. Catherine, third daughter of the duke of Bourbon, married -Adolphus, son of Arnold duke of Gueldres, who was himself duke of -Gueldres after his father's death in 1473, and might, during his -father's life time, have been sometimes stiled the lord of Arckeln, -which lordship came into his family by the marriage of his grandfather -John count of Egmond with the heiress of Arckeln and Gelders. The -connection of the families of Gueldres and Cleves with each other and -with the house of Burgundy will be better understood by the following -table, which will also explain at one view the mode by which the duchy -of Gueldres passed successively by marriages into the families of -Juliers, Arckeln, and Egmont, and the county of Cleves into that of -Marck, and how the younger branch of Cleves came into possession of the -county of Nevers.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_450" id="Page_450">[Pg 450]</a></span></p> - -<p class="center"> -<img src="images/illus01.jpg" alt="pic" /> -</p> - - -<p>Page 125. line 2. <i>Lord de Montigny.</i>] Simon de Lalain, lord of -Montigny, who died in 1478, was the father of Jodocus, lord of Lalain -and Montigny, governor of Holland, who was killed at the siege of -Utrecht in 1483.</p> - -<p>Page 129. line 5. <i>Navarre.</i>] By the terms of the marriage-contract -between John of Arragon and Blanche queen of Navarre, Charles prince -of Viana, the eldest son of that marriage, ought to have succeeded to -the kingdom immediately on the death of his mother. This was, however, -delayed from time to time and at last effectually prevented through -the intrigues of Johanna Henriques the second wife of king John. A -civil war was the consequence of these acts of injustice, and the -prince sought the protection of a stronger power by an alliance with -Isabella sister of Henry IV. of Castile. This treaty also was rendered -abortive by the intrigues of his step-mother. He was then inveigled to -Lerida under colour of a pacification, and treacherously made prisoner. -Being at last liberated from his confinement to appease the dangerous -indignation of his adherents, he ended his life in a few days, being, -as some say, poisoned while in prison, but more probably from the -effects of ill-treatment and sorrow.</p> - -<p>Mean-while, Blanche, his eldest sister was divorced by her husband -Henry the fourth, for no fault of her own; and the count of Foix (the -husband of Leonora her sister) in order to possess<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_451" id="Page_451">[Pg 451]</a></span> himself of her -right to the crown of Navarre, gained possession of her person and -is reported, by connivance with his own wife, to have put an end to -her days. After this, he turned his views toward the protection of -France, which he hoped to secure by the marriage of his son Gaston to -Magdalen daughter of Charles the seventh, and by a further union of -interests between the crowns of France and Arragon. The advantage of -these skilful manoeuvres soon displayed itself, when the Catalans, -enraged at the death of the prince of Viana, which they attributed -whether justly or unjustly to the king his father, revolted, and their -example was followed by almost all the states of Arragon. King John, -upon this, mortgaged the counties of Cerdagne and Roussillon to France, -in order to obtain supplies to carry on the war, and the count de Foix -obtained the principal command in the conduct of it. The rebels finding -themselves too weak, naturally applied for assistance to Castille, and -the war soon assumed a new face, the principals on each side being -the king of Arragon and the count of Foix, and the king of Castille. -The treaty here alluded to, at which the king of France assisted, was -made in an island of the river Bidassoa which separates France from -Spain. Its articles were such as to offend all parties concerned, and -in particular to sow the seeds of future dissention between the French -and Spanish nations. Those historians, however,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_452" id="Page_452">[Pg 452]</a></span> may be thought rather -too refined who attribute to this celebrated interview the foundation -for that enmity between the two countries for which they have been -remarkable in modern times. The connexion between the different crowns -of Spain, and succession to the crown of Navarre will be best seen from -the following table.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_453" id="Page_453">[Pg 453]</a></span></p> - -<p class="center"> -<img src="images/illus02.jpg" alt="pic" /> -</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_454" id="Page_454">[Pg 454]</a></span></p> -<p>Page 131. line 2. <i>Crown.</i>] The principal crime of this nobleman, in -the eyes of Louis, was his high favour with Charles VII. He afterwards -escaped from prison during the war of the public good, and was at last -restored to his offices about the court, and taken into the peculiar -confidence of the king. One act of justice resulted from his temporary -disgrace, the restitution to the heirs of Jacques Coeur of great part -of the plunder made from the wreck of that unfortunate merchant's -affairs. The count de Dammartin is said to have been one of the seven -persons whom Louis excepted out of the amnesty which he granted to the -duke of Burgundy's intercession on ascending the throne. Others were, -as is reported the mareschal de Brézé, the lords de Loheac and de -Chatillon, and the chancellor des Ursins. Duclos.</p> - -<p>Page 135. line 5. from the bottom. <i>Lord de Launoy.</i>] This name should -be always spelt Lannoy. John lord of Lannoy was son of another John -lord of Lannoy by Joanna sister of Anthony lord de Croy and John lord -of Chimay. See notes to the third volume.</p> - -<p>Page 139. line 2. <i>Duchess of Bourbon.</i>] The table to p. 119. will -explain these alliances.</p> - -<p>Page 139. line 15. <i>Cardinal of Arras.</i>] Jean Joffredy; not bishop -of Alby and cardinal of Arras, but bishop of Arras and cardinal of -Alby. He was the son of a merchant at Luxeuil in Franche Comté. His -ecclesiastical ambition displayed itself<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_455" id="Page_455">[Pg 455]</a></span> very early in life and pushed -him on to the episcopal dignity through the patronage of the duke of -Burgundy. He then found means to persuade his sovereign that it was for -his dignity to have one of his own subjects promoted to a cardinal's -hat and appointed papal legate in his dominions. Solicitations -were accordingly made at Rome both by the duke and by Louis (then -dauphin) to have this high honour bestowed upon Joffredy; and when -Louis succeeded to the crown, Joffredy was given to understand that -there would be no difficulty in his attaining the dignity provided -he would use his best endeavours with the king for the abolition of -the pragmatic sanction. Joffredy readily undertook the pious office -enjoined him, and was rewarded with the red hat very shortly after. [Du -Clos.</p> - -<p>Page. 141. line 6. from the bottom. <i>Reconciliation.</i>] Ever since the -war with the people of Ghent in 1452, the count de Charolois had seldom -resided at the court of his father, and was chiefly at the castle of -Gorcum which he had fortified so as to render it almost impregnable -and ornamented for his residence at a great expence and with royal -magnificence. See Heuterus.</p> - -<p>Page 154. line 9. <i>Duke of Berry.</i>] Charles, duke of Berry, afterwards -of Normandy, and of Guienne, the only brother of the king then alive.</p> - -<p>Page 158. last line. <i>Arms.</i>] The unpopularity<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_456" id="Page_456">[Pg 456]</a></span> of the old duke of -Savoy, and Amadeus, his eldest son, was principally owing to their -unwarlike and devotional temper so adverse to the notions and habits -of a martial nobility. Lewis, the second son, had married the heiress -of Cyprus after the death of her first husband, the duke of Coimbra; -and possibly the adventurous spirit of the times anticipated the glory -of an expedition for the recovery of a kingdom which had been snatched -from a female sovereign by an illegitimate usurper, aided by the -forces of the infidels. Another and more just ground of discontent was -the manifest subjection in which both father and son held themselves -enthralled to the pleasure of the king of France. On the other hand, -Philip count of Bresse, (a younger son of the duke of Savoy, not the -third as here stated, but the eighth of his numerous male issue) was -a prince of the greatest promise, of high military spirit, and a -commanding person; and the duke his father (who, in the course of his -religious exercises, had probably paid great attention to the history -of David and Absalom) was so afraid of the popularity which these -endowments ensured him, that he actually abandoned his dominions to -seek the protection of Louis XI. against this imaginary danger. He was -at this time very infirm in body; and Amadeus, his eldest son, who -followed the steps of his father in all things, was no less so from his -cradle.</p> - -<p>Page 159. line 3. from the bottom. <i>Bastard.</i>]<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_457" id="Page_457">[Pg 457]</a></span> Baldwin the eighth -son of this numerous family of bastards, was lord of Falaise and -Somergheim, and had several children by his marriage with a lady of the -house of la Cerda.</p> - -<p>Page 161. line 10. from the bottom. <i>Duke.</i>] The historians of Savoy -relate that this act of violence and injustice was committed at the -suit of the duke of Savoy, his father. He was not released till after -the old duke's death in 1465.</p> - -<p>Page 161. line 3. from the bottom. <i>John.</i>] Before called the count of -Estampes. His only daughter and heir conveyed the counties of Nevers, -&c. into the house of Cleves, by marriage with John duke of Cleves.</p> - -<p>Page 163. line 1. <i>Earl of Warwick.</i>] Stowe says that the lord -Montacute, Warwick's brother, commanded in this engagement, and that he -was rewarded by Edward with the earldom of Northumberland.</p> - -<p>Page 168. line 3. from the bottom. <i>Pope Pius.</i>] This is the celebrated -Æneas Sylvius, perhaps the most able as well as the most learned, in -the catalogue of Roman pontiffs. The object which he had principally -at heart was the expulsion of the Turks from Europe by a coalition of -the princes of Christendom; and, had he lived, it is not improbable -that he might have seen the accomplishment of his wishes by the gradual -operation of his influence over the European governments. He earnestly -recommended the prosecution of the enterprize to the cardinals who -attended<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_458" id="Page_458">[Pg 458]</a></span> him, even with his latest breath. He died of a fever at -Ancona where he had resided for some months in order to inspect -the equipment of the fleet and armies destined for this important -expedition. See afterwards, p. 378.</p> - -<p>Page 169. line 14. from the bottom. <i>Whom.</i>] Monstrelet, here speaks -very guardedly, and Comines does not hazard an explicit opinion. -Heuterus says positively, that the king sent Rubempré on this mission -with orders to take the count either dead or alive, and he adds, -that it was in consequence of a conspiracy in which he knew him to -be already engaged with the dukes of Brittany and Berry. But this -authority, if unsupported, is of little weight since he wrote more -than a century afterwards. I have not seen Olivier de la Marche. This -bastard de Rubempré was, I believe, the son of the count de Vendôme, -who married the daughter and heir of Charles lord of Rubempré, and -assumed the title of that lordship.</p> - -<p>Page 173. line 5. <i>Lord de Crequi.</i>] John V. lord of Crequy, who died -very old in 1474 leaving John VI. his son and successor who married -Frances de Rubempré daughter of the lord de Bievres. His other sons -were James lord de Pontdormi, killed at the battle of Nancy. Francis -lord of Douriers, &c.</p> - -<p>Page 175. line 8. <i>Holland.</i>] This circumstance, as far as it goes, -gives some weight to<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_459" id="Page_459">[Pg 459]</a></span> Heuterus. What could the vice-chancellor of -Brittany have to do in Holland, <i>in his way from England</i>, unless -charged with some commissions of a secret nature from the duke his -master to the count de Charolois?</p> - -<p>Page 185. line 1. <i>Lord de Torcy.</i>] John d'Estouteville, master of the -cross-bows, captain of Rouen, and knight of St Michel.</p> - -<p>Page 187. line 5. from the bottom. <i>Old.</i>] The duke of Orleans, being -present at this assembly held at Tours, ventured to defend the duke of -Bretagne against some of the charges instituted by the king; and his -remonstrances offended Louis so highly that he fell into a passion and -called him a rebel, or the favourer of a rebel. The duke, being then -very old and infirm took this conduct so much to heart that it hastened -his death which happened a few days afterwards. This prince, after the -battle of Agincourt, had sustained 25 years of captivity with exemplary -fortitude, applying his mind to study and reflexion; and he derived -so much benefit from the lessons of calamity that at his death he was -universally regretted as one of the most virtuous princes that France -had ever known. He left by his duchess Mary of Cleves (whom he married -after his return to France) one son, afterwards king of France; and two -daughters, one the abbess of Fontevrauld, the other the wife of John de -Foix viscount of Narbonne. Du Clos.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_460" id="Page_460">[Pg 460]</a></span></p> - -<p>Page 225. line 5. from the bottom. <i>Sir Anthony de Baudoin.</i>] Qu. -Anthony and Baldwyn? These were the names of the two bastards.</p> - -<p>Page 226. line 12. from the bottom. <i>Toulongeon.</i>] John IV. lord of -Toulongeon and Senecey, died in 1462, without issue. He was son of John -III. marshal of Burgundy mentioned in a former volume. Upon his death -Claude de Toulongeon lord of Trave, of a younger branch became head of -the family; and it is he who is here mentioned. He died in 1495.</p> - -<p>Page 234. line 12. <i>Lord de Boullencourt.</i>] Hué de Mailly, lord of -Lorsignol and Bouillencourt, governor of Montdidier; fifth son of -Colart de Mailly, celebrated for his crusade in Prussia, and brother of -Colart de Mailly, who was killed at Agincourt together with his father.</p> - -<p>Page 245. line 16. <i>Lord de Barbasan.</i>] Beraud de Faudoas was -instituted heir by the valiant Barbasan, who died 1432.</p> - -<p>Page 245. line 16. <i>Flocquet Salzart.</i>] A mistake. It should be -"Floquet Salazar, and other captains." Robert Floquet was bailiff of -Evreux, and is mentioned before in page 396 of this volume.</p> - -<p>John de Salazar, surnamed "le grand chevalier," lord of St Just, &c. -&c. chamberlain to Charles the seventh, and further recompensed for his -great services by the lordship of Issoudun, died in 1479 at Troyes in -Champagne. He mar<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_461" id="Page_461">[Pg 461]</a></span>ried Margaret de la Trimouille, daughter of George -count of Guisnes, and had by her, Hector lord of St Just, Galeas lord -of Lez, Lancelot lord of Marcilly, all celebrated warriors, and Tristan -bishop of Meaux, who in 1471 was promoted to the archbishoprick of Sens.</p> - -<p>Page 252. line 12. <i>Victory.</i>] There has seldom been a battle fought -with so much loss on both sides and so indecisive in the result. The -count de Charolois was so far from carrying off the undisputed honours -of victory that many writers of the time ascribe it to the king; -and even between the relations of two who were present during the -engagement, and both in the count's army, there is so wide a difference -in this respect as would be unaccountable were it not for the peculiar -circumstances that attended this engagement. The cause of this -uncertainty and contradiction is to be found in the frequent changes -of fortune which took place during the important struggle. Victory had -no sooner appeared to declare herself in one part of the field but in -another part all was terror, dismay, and rout on the victorious side. -"Both parties believed or affected to believe that the victory rested -with them, but disorder and confusion reigned on every side; and this -is the reason of the difference to be found in the various relations of -the affair." However, as the business turned out ultimately to be of -some advantage to the king's affairs, and the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_462" id="Page_462">[Pg 462]</a></span> count could not possibly -lay claim to any benefit whatever from the event of the day, the former -seems upon the whole to have had the best right to boast of success. -See Du Clos.</p> - -<p>Page 256. line 2. <i>Lord de Harnes.</i>] The lord de Hames. See before.</p> - -<p>Page 256. line 8. from the bottom. <i>Admiral of France.</i>] A mistake. -The count du Maine was never admiral of France. It should be thus; -"the count du Maine, the admiral of France, and his other captains." -Upon the death of Pregent de Coetivy in 1450, John de Bueil count of -Sancerre was advanced to this dignity. After the accession of Louis XI. -he was displaced, and John lord of Montauban and Landale appointed to -succeed him. This is the nobleman here mentioned. He died in 1466 much -regretted by the king, and was succeeded in his high office by Louis -bastard of Bourbon, count of Rousillon. [Morery's list of the admirals -of France.</p> - -<p>Page 259. line 4 from the bottom. <i>Count de Charny.</i>] Peter de -Bauffremont count of Charny.</p> - -<p>Page 262. line 4. <i>Nemours.</i>] James, son of Bernard d'Armagnac count of -la Marche, Castries, Pardiac, &c. a younger son of the constable, was -soon after the accession of Louis XI. rewarded for his services in the -wars of Spain by advancement to the dignity of duc et pair de France. -This was, at that time, an unprecedent<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_463" id="Page_463">[Pg 463]</a></span> mark of the royal favour, and -greatly offended the princes of the blood as well as the noblemen -of the same rank with himself. The policy of Louis, was evidently -twofold; first, to lessen the supposed dignity of those of his own -family by extending it to the families of vassals unconnected with the -blood-royal; secondly, to divide the interests of the powerful house of -Armagnac by exciting a subject of jealousy between the elder and the -younger branch.</p> - -<p>Page 263. line 3. <i>Sir Simon de Lalain.</i>] Not, I believe, the lord of -Montigny mentioned before in p. 76, but another Simon de Lalain lord of -Chevrain and Descaussins.</p> - -<p>Page 270. line 7. <i>Marquis of Rothelin.</i>] The marquis de Rothelin is -said by Commines, however, to have been with the confederated princes -in the army of the duke of Calabria. Rodolph IV. marquis of Hockberg -rotelin and count of Neufchatel in Switzerland, died in 1486 leaving -his son and successor Philip; upon whose death in 1503 without issue -male, the county of Neufchatel passed by marriage into the house of -Dunois Longueville and the marquisate of Hockberg-rotelin reverted (by -virtue of a prior contract) to the house of Baden.</p> - -<p>Page 270. line 8. <i>Count of Horne.</i>] James the first, son of William -the ninth, lord of Hornes, was advanced to the dignity of a count -of the empire by Frederic the third. He died a monk in<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_464" id="Page_464">[Pg 464]</a></span> 1488. His -son James the second, succeeded him, whose son John the second, -dying without issue, bequeathed the county of Hornes to Philip de -Montmorency, lord of Neville, son of his wife by a former marriage. -Floris, the son of Philip, was the count of Hornes so celebrated in the -history of the Netherlands, who, together with the count of Egmont, -perished on the scaffold in 1570.</p> - -<p>Page 275. line 9 from the bottom. <i>Lord de Haisenberghe.</i>] John de -Hynsberg, or Heinsberg, the 52nd bishop of Liege, who had some years -before been compelled to resign his bishopric in favour of Louis de -Bourbon, nephew of the duke of Burgundy.</p> - -<p>Page 279. line 20. <i>Thither.</i>] There must be some mistake in this -passage which I am unable to set right, not having Monstrelet before -me. The widow of Brézé was already in Rouen, where her husband had -been accustomed to reside as seneschal of Normandy; and the duke of -Bourbon obtained entrance by means of a conspiracy entered into between -this lady and Louis de Harcourt, bishop of Bayeux and patriarch of -Jerusalem. See Du Clos. See also, afterwards, page 429.</p> - -<p>Page 281. last line. <i>Montenac,—a village of Messin, near Metz.</i>] A -mistake. The Montenac here mentioned must be the same with the Montenac -which is mentioned at page 333 and there said to be but four leagues -distant from Liege.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_465" id="Page_465">[Pg 465]</a></span></p> - -<p>Page 284. line 13 from the bottom. <i>De Gasebecque.</i>] Philip de Hornes -lord of Gaesbeck and Baussignies, grand chamberlain to the duke of -Burgundy, died in 1488 leaving issue Arnold lord of Gaesbeck, and John -lord of Baussignies.</p> - -<p>Page 284. line 17. <i>Grand bailiff of Hainault.</i>] John, son of Anthony -de Rubempré and Jaqueline de Croy, dame de Bievres. He was a great -favourite of duke Charles and fell by his side at the battle of Nancy. -His son was Charles lord of Riviéres.</p> - -<p>Page 304. line 5. <i>Count de Harcourt.</i>] John V, de Rieux, son of -Francis, and grandson of John III. lord of Rieux who acquired the -county of Harcourt by marriage with Joan, daughter and heir of John -VII. last count de Harcourt of the original line. He was made mareschal -of Bretagne by Francis II., and advanced to the dignity of a mareschal -of France in 1504.</p> - -<p>But Anthony count de Vaudemont laid claim also to the county of -Harcourt in right of his wife Mary, another daughter of John VII. who -brought the county of Aumale into his house; and John of Lorraine, his -second son, bore the title of count de Harcourt. From the subsequent -passage to which I have referred it seems probable that it is this -nobleman and not the lord de Rieux who is here mentioned.</p> - -<p>Page 323. line 10. <i>Lord de Cohen.</i>] John de Berghes, lord of Cohan.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_466" id="Page_466">[Pg 466]</a></span></p> - -<p>Page 354. last line. <i>Amen.</i>] The death of the duke of Burgundy was, in -respect to his corporal suffering, as fortunate as the whole course of -his life had been. He had at that time reigned forty-eight years, for -the most part in peace, and during the whole with unvarying prosperity -over the ample dominions left him by his father, to which, by conquest -and alliances he added very considerably himself; and at last he -yielded up his soul to God, not, (in the words of Pontus Heuterus) "e -morbo continua intemperantia ascito, sed corpore justæ ætatis pleno -decursu confecto, hoc a Deo magno, inter multa alia, ornatus munere, -ut non diu mortis vitæque conflictum senserit, sed paucis diebus -decumbens, extincto levi continuaque febri, calore naturali, quasi -somno oppressus invictus expirarit." He lost the use of his speech for -some time before his dissolution, but his reason did not forsake him -to the last. When his son Charles threw himself upon his knees before -the bed and submissively asked forgiveness of all his offences, the -duke looked upon him with the most affectionate kindness possible and -pressed his hand most tenderly, but was then unable to speak. He was -first buried at Bruges where he died, but upon the death of his widow -Isabella a few years afterwards, his body was removed to be interred by -the side of hers at the Carthusians of Dijon, where those of both his -predecessors lay. His character, as given by<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_467" id="Page_467">[Pg 467]</a></span> Pontus Heuterus, is too -long for this place; but all historians bear witness to the justice of -the following, as drawn by Du Clos in his life of Louis the eleventh. -"La crainte que les princes inspirent, ne marque que leur puissance, -les respects s'addressent a leur dignité: leur gloire veritable nait -de l'estime et de la considération personnelles que l'on a pour eux. -Philippe jouissoit de ces précieux avantages: il fut surnommé <i>le -bon</i>, titre plus glorieux que tous ceux qui ne sont fondés que sur -l'orgueil des princes et le malheur des Hommes. Il aimoit ses peuples -autant qu'il en étoit aimè, et satisfaisoit egalement son inclination -et son devoir, en faisant leur bonheur: on rendoit à ses vertus les -respects dûs à son rang. Son commerce étoit aimable, il étoit sensible -au plaisir, aimoit extremement les femmes, et sa cour étoit la plus -galante de l'Europe. En rendant justice à la vertu de ce prince, on ne -doit pas dissimuler, qu'il s'en écarta quelquefois. Il porta trop loin -sa vengeance contre ceux de Dinant; et son ambition, soutenue d'une -conduite prudente, lui fit faire plusieurs usurpations." The count de -Charolois was the only legitimate offspring that survived him. His -illegitimate children were very numerous, and many of the principal -families in the low countries were descended from them. Though very -munificent and splendid on proper occasions, duke Philip had, by his -wise administration, without in the least impoverishing his states,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_468" id="Page_468">[Pg 468]</a></span> -amassed a treasure amounting to 400,000 crowns of gold in money, and -62,000 marks of silver in plate, all which was soon dissipated by his -son in his extravagant and unnecessary wars.</p> - -<p>Page 361. line 3 from the bottom. <i>Geoffroy de St Belin.</i>] Geoffry de -St Belin, Bailli de Chaumont. He was killed in the battle.</p> - -<p>Page 362. line 12. <i>Lord de la Barde.</i>] Jean Stuyer, lord de la Barde.</p> - -<p>Page 370. line 5. <i>Chancellor Juvenal des Ursins.</i>] The chancellor, -succeeded by Pierre de Morvillier who held the seals to the year 1465.</p> - -<p>Page 370. line 6. <i>Marshal.</i>] The marshal who was thus displaced -appears by Morery's tables to be the famous Saintrailles, and there -are two creations of marshals in the same year; 1st John bastard of -Armagnac, lord of Gourdon, and count of Cominges, and 2nd Joachim -Rouault, lord of Boismenard.</p> - -<p>Page 370. line 6. <i>Admiral.</i>] The admiral, the count de Sancerre, -succeeded by the lord de Montauban. See before.</p> - -<p>Page 370. line 8. <i>Provost of Paris.</i>] John d'Estouteville, lord of -Beyne, succeeded by Jacques de Villiers, lord of l'Isle Adam. See -afterwards, p. 2. Vol. XI.</p> - -<p>Page 376. line 2. <i>Pierre d'Oriole.</i>] Pierre d'Oriole afterwards lord -of Loire and chancellor of France in 1472. He was at first mayor of -Rochelle and being sent on frequent deputations to<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_469" id="Page_469">[Pg 469]</a></span> king Charles -VII. attached himself to the court where he rose through the offices -of maitre des Comptes and general des finances to the high dignity -of chancellor. He was reckoned the best lawyer in France, and till -age impaired his powers, was remarkable for his laboriousness and -exactness. But upon his growing remiss with the increase of years, -Louis deprived him of his chancellorship and gave him the post of first -president of the chamber of accounts which he held with honour till his -death in 1483. Du Clos.</p> - -<p>Page 376. line 7. <i>Sir Charles de Melun.</i>] Charles de Melun, lord of -Nantouillet, lieutenant-general of the kingdom of France, and, in 1465, -appointed grand master. He was at first high in his master's confidence -and esteem but afterwards became suspected, and was accused by his -enemies of treasonable practices and ended his days on a scaffold.</p> - -<p>Page 376. line 9. <i>John Balue.</i>] This extraordinary person was born -at Angle in Poitou and is reported to have been the son of a miller. -Entering into the church he attached himself to the service of Jacques -Juvenal des Ursins, bishop of Poitiers, who had so much confidence in -him that he made him his executor, an office in which it is suspected -he found means to enrich himself considerably. He afterwards dealt -very largely in simoniacal contracts while<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_470" id="Page_470">[Pg 470]</a></span> under the patronage of -Jean de Beauveau bishop of Angers whom he followed to Rome in 1462. On -his return, he attached himself to the court, where the penetration -of the king soon found out his uncommon abilities and advanced him to -the rank of a counsellor of parliament. He had also the administration -of the royal charities, and is called by historians, but improperly, -grand almoner of France, an office which was first created by Charles -the 8th. Of his subsequent life several particulars will appear in the -course of this history and many more may be seen in Du Clos.</p> - -<p>Page 392. line 5. <i>William Charretier.</i>] Chartier. This prelate was -celebrated for his virtue and probity; but did himself no good by -meddling in affairs of state for which he was by no means fit. When the -confederate princes menaced Paris previous to the battle of Montlehery, -he gave his advice to admit them within the walls of the city. His -opinion, fortunately for Louis was over-ruled; but the king never liked -him from that time, and when he died in 1472, Louis took the whimsical -measure of sending his complaints against him to the provost of Paris -in order to have them recorded in his epitaph. Du Clos. See also, vol. -ix. p. 124. where this incident is mentioned.</p> - -<p>Page 403. line 9. <i>Lord de Rambures.</i>] James<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_471" id="Page_471">[Pg 471]</a></span> son of Andrew II; died -after 1488 leaving by Mary de Berghes daughter of John lord of Cohan, -Andrew the third, lord of Rambures his son and successor.</p> - -<p>Page 404. line 8 from the bottom. <i>Lord de Craon.</i>] This lord de Craon -was George de la Trimoille, second son of George count of Guines and -Boulogne and brother of Louis, first prince of Talmont. He was governor -of Burgundy in 1474 and died without issue in 1481.</p> - -<p>Page 410. line 19. <i>Poncet de Riviere.</i>] Poncet de la Riviere, Bailli -de Montferrand, commander of franc-archers, &c. &c. an officer of -distinguished merit, but not connected as some have supposed, with -either the ancient house of the viscounts de Riviere in Gascony, or -with that of Rivers in England. See Morery.</p> - -<p>Page 424. line 9. <i>Staves.</i>] It was in coming out of the house of a -lady of bad fame (probably this very Jeanne du Bois) that the <i>bishop</i> -was thus attacked. The trimming he received proved of some service -to him; for from this time he addicted himself wholly to business -and assumed a gravity of deportment which was more suitable to his -ecclesiastical dignity. Du Clos.</p> - -<p>Page 424. line 19. <i>Lord de Villier-le-bôcage.</i>] Raoul, lord of -Villiers-au-bocage, third son of John the fourth, lord of Crequy. He -died in 1472 without issue.</p> - -<p>Page 429. line 4. <i>Lord de Broquemont.</i>] Qu.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_472" id="Page_472">[Pg 472]</a></span> Braquemont? William de -Braquemont lord of Campremis died some time after 1480, and in him the -family was extinct.</p> - -<p>Page 430. line 2 from the bottom. <i>Bishop of Evreux.</i>] A mistake—the -bishop of Evreux was the most unlikely person in the world to be -concerned in this business. It is evidently the bishop of Bayeux who is -here meant.</p> - - -<p><i>H. Bryer, Printer, Bridge-Street, Blackfriars, London.</i></p> - -<div class="transnote"> -Transcriber's note: Original spelling, including possible inconsistencies, -has been retained.</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin-top:4em'>*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE CHRONICLES OF ENGUERRAND DE MONSTRELET, VOL. 10 [OF 13] ***</div> -<div style='text-align:left'> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -Updated editions will replace the previous one—the old editions will -be renamed. -</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United -States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. 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