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- text-indent: .5em; -} - - -/* general placement and presentation */ - -.right {text-align: right; margin-right: 1em;} - -.smcap {font-variant: small-caps;} -.allsmcap {font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;} - -.caption {font-weight: normal; font-size: 70%; - padding-top: .5em; padding-bottom: 1em;} - - -/* Images */ - -img { - border: none; - max-width: 100%; - height: auto;} - -img.w100 {width: 100%;} - -.figcenter { - margin: auto; - padding-top: 1em; - text-align: center; - page-break-inside: avoid; - max-width: 100%;} - - -/* Transcriber's notes */ -.transnote {background-color: #E6E6FA; - color: black; - font-size:smaller; - padding:0.5em; - margin-bottom:5em; - font-family:sans-serif, serif; } - -.transnote p {text-indent: 0em;} - - -/* Illustration classes */ -.illowp100 {width: 100%;} -.illowp70 {width: 70%;} - - h1.pgx { text-align: center; - clear: both; - font-weight: bold; - font-size: 190%; - margin-top: 0em; - margin-bottom: 1em; - word-spacing: 0em; - letter-spacing: 0em; - line-height: 1; } - h2.pgx { text-align: center; - clear: both; - font-weight: bold; - font-size: 135%; - margin-top: 2em; - margin-bottom: 1em; - word-spacing: 0em; - letter-spacing: 0em; - page-break-before: avoid; - line-height: 1; } - h3.pgx { text-align: center; - clear: both; - font-weight: bold; - font-size: 110%; - margin-top: 2em; - margin-bottom: 1em; - word-spacing: 0em; - letter-spacing: 0em; - line-height: 1; } - h4.pgx { text-align: center; - clear: both; - font-weight: bold; - font-size: 100%; - margin-top: 2em; - margin-bottom: 1em; - word-spacing: 0em; - letter-spacing: 0em; - line-height: 1; } - hr.pgx { width: 100%; - margin-top: 3em; - margin-bottom: 0em; - margin-left: auto; - margin-right: auto; - height: 4px; - border-width: 4px 0 0 0; /* remove all borders except the top one */ - border-style: solid; - border-color: #000000; - clear: both; } - </style> -</head> -<body> -<h1 class="pgx" title="">The Project Gutenberg eBook, An Apache Campaign in the Sierra Madre, by -John Gregory Bourke</h1> -<p>This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States -and most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no -restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it -under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this -eBook or online at <a -href="https://www.gutenberg.org">www.gutenberg.org</a>. If you are not -located in the United States, you'll have to check the laws of the -country where you are located before using this ebook.</p> -<p>Title: An Apache Campaign in the Sierra Madre</p> -<p> An Account of the Expedition in Pursuit of the Hostile Chiricahua Apaches in the Spring of 1883 </p> -<p>Author: John Gregory Bourke</p> -<p>Release Date: April 9, 2021 [eBook #65040]</p> -<p>Language: English</p> -<p>Character set encoding: UTF-8</p> -<p>***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK AN APACHE CAMPAIGN IN THE SIERRA MADRE***</p> -<p> </p> -<h4 class="pgx" title="">E-text prepared by John Campbell<br /> - and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team<br /> - (https://www.pgdp.net)<br /> - from page images generously made available by<br /> - Internet Archive<br /> - (https://archive.org)</h4> -<p> </p> -<table border="0" style="background-color: #ccccff;margin: 0 auto;" cellpadding="10"> - <tr> - <td valign="top"> - Note: - </td> - <td> - Images of the original pages are available through - Internet Archive. See - https://archive.org/details/anapachecampaign00bourrich - </td> - </tr> -</table> -<p> </p> -<p> </p> -<div class="transnote"> -<p class="bold">TRANSCRIBER’S NOTE</p> - -<p>Changes to the text are noted at the <a href="#TN">end of the book.</a></p> -</div> -<hr class="pgx" /> -<p> </p> -<p> </p> -<p> </p> - - -<div class="chapter"> -<div class="figcenter illowp70" id="cover" style="max-width: 35em;"> - <img class="w100" src="images/cover.jpg" alt="original cover" /> -</div> -</div> - - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="figcenter illowp100" id="i002" style="max-width: 40em;"> - <img class="w100" src="images/i002.jpg" alt="" /> - <div class="caption">CRAWFORD’S COLUMN MOVING TO THE FRONT.</div> -</div> - - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h1> -AN APACHE CAMPAIGN<br /> -<span class="fs80">IN THE SIERRA MADRE.</span></h1> -</div> - -<p class="p4 pfs80"><em>AN ACCOUNT OF THE EXPEDITION IN PURSUIT OF THE<br /> -HOSTILE CHIRICAHUA APACHES IN THE<br /> -SPRING OF 1883.</em></p> - -<p class="p4 pfs70">BY</p> -<p class="pfs100">JOHN G. BOURKE,</p> - -<p class="p1 pfs70"><span class="smcap">Captain Third Cavalry, U. S. Army,<br /> -Author of “The Snake Dance of the Moquis</span>.”</p> - -<p class="p4 pfs90"><em>ILLUSTRATED</em></p> - -<p class="p4 pfs80">NEW YORK</p> -<p class="pfs100">CHARLES SCRIBNER’S SONS.</p> -<p class="pfs80">1886.</p> - - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter"></div> -<p class="p6 pfs70"><span class="smcap">Copyright 1886,<br /> -By CHARLES SCRIBNER’S SONS.</span></p> - -<p class="p6 pfs70">Press of J J. Little & Co.,<br /> -Nos. 10 to 20 Astor Place, New York.</p> - - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter"> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_iii"></a>[Pg iii]</span><br /></p> - -<h2 class="p1 nobreak" id="PREFACE">PREFACE.</h2> -</div> - -<hr class="r10" /> - -<p>The recent outbreak of a fraction of the -Chiricahua Apaches, and the frightful atrocities -which have marked their trail through Arizona, -Sonora, New Mexico, and Chihuahua, has attracted -renewed attention to these brave but -bloodthirsty aborigines and to the country exposed -to their ravages.</p> - -<p>The contents of this book, which originally -appeared in a serial form in the <cite>Outing Magazine</cite> -of Boston, represent the details of the expedition -led by General Crook to the Sierra -Madre, Mexico, in 1883; but, as the present -military operations are conducted by the same -commander, against the same enemy, and upon -the same field of action, a perusal of these pages -will, it is confidently believed, place before the -reader a better knowledge of the general situation -than any article which is likely soon to -appear.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_iv"></a>[iv]</span></p> - -<p>There is this difference to be noted, however; -of the one hundred and twenty-five (125) fighting -men brought back from the Sierra Madre, -less than one-third have engaged in the present -hostilities, from which fact an additional inference -may be drawn both of the difficulties to -be overcome in the repression of these disturbances -and of the horrors which would surely -have accumulated upon the heads of our citizens -had the <em>whole</em> fighting force of this fierce -band taken to the mountains.</p> - -<p>One small party of eleven (11) hostile Chiricahuas, -during the period from November 15th, -1885, to the present date, has killed twenty-one -(21) friendly Apaches living in peace upon the -reservation, and no less than twenty-five (25) -white men, women, and children. This bloody -raid has been conducted through a country -filled with regular troops, militia, and “rangers,”—and -at a loss to the enemy, so far as can be -shown, of only one man, whose head is now at -Fort Apache.</p> - -<p class="right fs90">JOHN G. BOURKE.</p> - -<p class="noindent fs70"><span class="smcap">Apache Indian Agency,<br /> - San Carlos, Arizona</span>,<br /> - <em>December 15th, 1885</em>.</p> - - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter"> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_v"></a>[v]</span><br /></p> - -<h2 class="p2 nobreak" id="LOI">LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.</h2> -</div> - -<hr class="r20" /> - - -<table class="autotable fs90 smcap" summary=""> -<tr> -<td class="tdl"></td> -<td class="tdr fs70">PAGE</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">Crawford’s Column Moving to the Front</td> -<td class="tdr fvnormal"><a href="#i002"><em>Frontispiece.</em></a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">Apache Village Scene</td> -<td class="tdr fvnormal">to face <a href="#i018">7</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">Apache War-Dance</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#i030">17</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">Apache Indian Scouts Examining Trails by Night</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#i038">23</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">Apache Awl-Cases, Tobacco Bags, etc.</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#i043">26</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">Apache Ambuscade</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#i053">34</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">Apache Head-Dresses, Shoes, Toys, etc.</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#i070">49</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">Apache Weapons and Equipments</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#i087">64</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">Apache Girl, with Typical Dress</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#i104">79</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">Apache Warfare</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#i115">88</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">Apache Basket-Work</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#i129">100</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">Fighting the Prairie Fire</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#i138">107</a></td> -</tr> -</table> - - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter"> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_1"></a>[Pg 1]</span><br /></p> - -<p class="p2 pfs180">AN APACHE CAMPAIGN.</p> -</div> - -<hr class="r20" /> - -<h2 class="nobreak" id="I">I.</h2> - - -<p>Within the compass of this volume it is impossible -to furnish a complete dissertation -upon the Apache Indians or the causes which -led up to the expedition about to be described. -The object is simply to outline some of the difficulties -attending the solution of the Indian -question in the South-west and to make known -the methods employed in conducting campaigns -against savages in hostility. It is thought that -the object desired can best be accomplished by -submitting an unmutilated extract from the -journal carefully kept during the whole period -involved.</p> - -<p>Much has necessarily been excluded, but -without exception it has been to avoid repetition, -or else to escape the introduction of information -bearing upon the language, the religion,<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_2"></a>[2]</span> -marriages, funeral ceremonies, etc., of this interesting -race, which would increase the bulk -of the manuscript, and, perhaps, detract from -its value in the eyes of the general reader.</p> - -<p>Ethnologically the Apache is classed with -the Tinneh tribes, living close to the Yukon -and Mackenzie rivers, within the Arctic circle. -For centuries he has been preëminent over the -more peaceful nations about him for courage, -skill, and daring in war; cunning in deceiving -and evading his enemies; ferocity in attack -when skilfully-planned ambuscades have led -an unwary foe into his clutches; cruelty and -brutality to captives; patient endurance and -fortitude under the greatest privations.</p> - -<p>In peace he has commanded respect for keen-sighted -intelligence, good fellowship, warmth -of feeling for his friends, and impatience of -wrong.</p> - -<p>No Indian has more virtues and none has -been more truly ferocious when aroused. He -was the first of the native Americans to defeat -in battle or outwit in diplomacy the all-conquering, -smooth-tongued Spaniard, with whom -and his Mexican-mongrel descendants he has<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_3"></a>[3]</span> -waged cold-blooded, heart-sickening war since -the days of Cortés. When the Spaniard had -fire-arms and corselet of steel he was unable to -push back this fierce, astute aborigine, provided -simply with lance and bow. The past fifty -years have seen the Apache provided with -arms of precision, and, especially since the introduction -of magazine breech-loaders, the -Mexican has not only ceased to be an intruder -upon the Apache, but has trembled for the -security of life and property in the squalid -hamlets of the States of Chihuahua and Sonora.</p> - -<p>In 1871 the War Department confided to -General George Crook the task of whipping -into submission all the bands of the Apache -nation living in Arizona. How thoroughly -that duty was accomplished is now a matter of -history. But at the last moment one band—the -Chiricahuas—was especially exempted from -Crook’s jurisdiction. They were not attacked -by troops, and for years led a Jack-in-the-box -sort of an existence, now popping into an -agency and now popping out, anxious, if their -own story is to be credited, to live at peace<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_4"></a>[4]</span> -with the whites, but unable to do so from lack -of nourishment.</p> - -<p>When they went upon the reservation, rations -in abundance were promised for themselves -and families. A difference of opinion -soon arose with the agent as to what constituted -a ration, the wicked Indians laboring -under the delusion that it was enough food to -keep the recipient from starving to death, and -objecting to an issue of supplies based upon -the principle according to which grumbling -Jack-tars used to say that prize-money was -formerly apportioned,—that is, by being thrown -through the rungs of a ladder—what stuck being -the share of the Indian, and what fell to -the ground being the share of the agent. To -the credit of the agent it must be said that he -made a praiseworthy but ineffectual effort to -alleviate the pangs of hunger by a liberal distribution -of hymn-books among his wards. -The perverse Chiricahuas, not being able to -digest works of that nature, and unwilling to -acknowledge the correctness of the agent’s arithmetic, -made up their minds to sally out from -San Carlos and take refuge in the more hospitable<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_5"></a>[5]</span> -wilderness of the Sierra Madre. Their -discontent was not allayed by rumors whispered -about of the intention of the agent to -have the whole tribe removed bodily to the -Indian Territory. Coal had been discovered on -the reservation, and speculators clamored that -the land involved be thrown open for development, -regardless of the rights of the Indians. -But, so the story goes, matters suddenly reached -a focus when the agent one day sent his chief of -police to arrest a Chiricahua charged with some -offense deemed worthy of punishment in the -guard-house. The offender started to run -through the Indian camp, and the chief of police -fired at him, but missed his aim and killed a -luckless old squaw, who happened in range. -This wretched marksmanship was resented by -the Chiricahuas, who refused to be comforted -by the profuse apologies tendered for the accident. -They silently made their preparations, -waiting long enough to catch the chief of police, -kill him, cut off his head, and play a game -of foot-ball with it; and then, like a flock of -quail, the whole band, men, women, and children—710 -in all—started on the dead run for<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_6"></a>[6]</span> -the Mexican boundary, one hundred and fifty -miles to the south.</p> - -<p>Hotly pursued by the troops, they fought -their way across Southern Arizona and New -Mexico, their route marked by blood and devastation. -The valleys of the Santa Cruz and -San Pedro witnessed a repetition of the once -familiar scenes of farmers tilling their fields -with rifles and shot-guns strapped to the plow-handle. -While engaged in fighting off the -American forces, which pressed too closely upon -their rear, the Apaches were attacked in front -by the Mexican column under Colonel Garcia, -who, in a savagely contested fight, achieved a -“substantial victory,” killing eighty-five and -capturing thirty, eleven of which total of one -hundred and fifteen were men, and the rest -women and children. The Chiricahuas claim -that when the main body of their warriors -reached the scene of the engagement the Mexicans -evinced no anxiety to come out from the -rifle-pits they hastily dug. To this fact no -allusion can be found in the Mexican commander’s -published dispatches.</p> - -<div class="figcenter illowp100" id="i018" style="max-width: 40em;"> - <img class="w100" src="images/i018.jpg" alt="" /> - <div class="caption">APACHE VILLAGE SCENE.</div> -</div> - -<p>The Chiricahuas, now reduced to an aggregate<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_7"></a>[7]</span> -of less than 600—150 of whom were warriors -and big boys, withdrew to the recesses -of the adjacent Sierra Madre—their objective -point. Not long after this the Chiricahuas -made overtures for an armistice with the Mexicans, -who invited them to a little town near -Casas Grandes, Chihuahua, for a conference. -They were courteously received, plied with -liquor until drunk, and then attacked tooth and -nail, ten or twelve warriors being killed and -some twenty-live or thirty women hurried off -to captivity.</p> - -<p>This is a one-sided description of the affair, -given by a Chiricahua who participated. The -newspapers of that date contained telegraph accounts -of a fierce battle and another “victory” -from Mexican sources; so that no doubt there -is some basis for the story.</p> - -<p>Meantime General Crook had been reassigned -by the President to the command of the Department -of Arizona, which he had left nearly -ten years previously in a condition of peace and -prosperity, with the Apaches hard at work -upon the reservation, striving to gain a living -by cultivating the soil. Incompetency and<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_8"></a>[8]</span> -rascality, in the interval, had done their worst, -and when Crook returned not only were the -Chiricahuas on the war-path, but all the other -bands of the Apache nation were in a state -of scarcely concealed defection and hostility. -Crook lost not a moment in visiting his old -friends among the chiefs and warriors, and by -the exercise of a strong personal influence, -coupled with assurances that the wrongs of -which the Apaches complained should be -promptly redressed, succeeded in averting an -outbreak which would have made blood flow -from the Pecos to the Colorado, and for the -suppression of which the gentle and genial tax-payer -would have been compelled to contribute -most liberally of his affluence. Attended by -an aid-de-camp, a surgeon, and a dozen Apache -scouts, General Crook next proceeded to the -south-east corner of Arizona, from which point -he made an attempt to open up communication -with the Chiricahuas. In this he was unsuccessful, -but learned from a couple of squaws, -intercepted while attempting to return to the -San Carlos, that the Chiricahuas had sworn vengeance -upon Mexicans and Americans alike;<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_9"></a>[9]</span> -that their stronghold was an impregnable position -in the Sierra Madre, a “great way” below -the International Boundary; and that they supplied -themselves with an abundance of food by -raiding upon the cattle-ranches and “haciendas” -in the valleys and plains below.</p> - -<p>Crook now found himself face to face with -the following intricate problem: The Chiricahuas -occupied a confessedly impregnable position -in the precipitous range known as the -Sierra Madre. This position was within the -territory of another nation so jealous of its -privileges as not always to be able to see clearly -in what direction its best interests lay. The -territory harassed by the Chiricahuas not only -stretched across the boundary separating Mexico -from the United States, but was divided -into four military departments—two in each -country; hence an interminable amount of jealousy, -suspicion, fault-finding, and antagonism -would surely dog the steps of him who should -endeavor to bring the problem to a solution.</p> - -<p>To complicate matters further, the Chiricahuas, -and all the other Apaches as well, were -filled with the notion that the Mexicans were a<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_10"></a>[10]</span> -horde of cowards and treacherous liars, afraid -to meet them in war but valiant enough to destroy -their women and children, for whose -blood, by the savage’s law of retaliation, blood -must in turn be shed. Affairs went on in this -unsatisfactory course from October, 1882, until -March, 1883, everybody in Arizona expecting a -return of the dreaded Chiricahuas, but no one -knowing where the first attack should be made. -The meagre military force allotted to the department -was distributed so as to cover as many -exposed points as possible, one body of 150 -Apache scouts, under Captain Emmet Crawford, -Third Cavalry, being assigned to the arduous -duty of patrolling the Mexican boundary -for a distance of two hundred miles, through -a rugged country pierced with ravines and -cañons. No <ins class="corr" id="tn-10" title="Transcriber’s Note—Original text: 'one was suprised'"> -one was surprised</ins> to learn that -toward the end of March this skeleton line had -been stealthily penetrated by a bold band of -twenty-six Chiricahuas, under a very crafty -and daring young chief named <em>Chato</em> (Spanish -for Flat Nose).</p> - -<p>By stealing fresh horses from every ranch -they were successful in traversing from seventy-five<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_11"></a>[11]</span> -to one hundred miles a day, killing and destroying -all in their path, the culminating point -in their bloody career being the butchery of -Judge McComas and wife, prominent and refined -people of Silver City, N. M., and the abduction -of their bright boy, Charlie, whom the -Indians carried back with them on their retreat -through New Mexico and Chihuahua.</p> - -<p>It may serve to give some idea of the courage, -<ins class="corr" id="tn-11" title="Transcriber’s Note—Original text: 'boldness, and sublety'"> -boldness, and subtlety</ins> of these raiders to -state that in their dash through Sonora, Arizona, -New Mexico, and Chihuahua, a distance of -not less than eight hundred miles, they passed -at times through localities fairly well settled and -close to an aggregate of at least 5,000 troops—4,500 -Mexican and 500 American. They killed -twenty-five persons, Mexican and American, and -lost but two—one killed near the Total Wreck -mine, Arizona, and one who fell into the hands -of the American troops, of which last much has -to be narrated.</p> - -<p>To attempt to catch such a band of Apaches -by <em>direct</em> pursuit would be about as hopeless a -piece of business as that of catching so many -fleas. All that could be done was done; the<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_12"></a>[12]</span> -country was alarmed by telegraph; people at -exposed points put upon their guard, while detachments -of troops scoured in every direction, -hoping, by good luck, to intercept, retard, mayhap -destroy, the daring marauders. The trail -they had made coming up from Mexico could, -however, be followed, <em>back</em> to the stronghold; -and this, in a military sense, would be the most -<em>direct</em>, as it would be the most practical pursuit.</p> - -<p>Crook’s plans soon began to outline themselves. -He first concentrated at the most eligible -position on the Southern Pacific Railroad—Willcox—all -the skeletons of companies which -were available, for the protection of Arizona.</p> - -<p>Forage, ammunition, and subsistence were -brought in on every train; the whole organization -was carefully inspected, to secure the rejection -of every unserviceable soldier, animal, -or weapon; telegrams and letters were sent to -the officers commanding the troops of Mexico, -but no replies were received, the addresses of -the respective generals not being accurately -known. As their co-operation was desirable, -General Crook, as a last resort, went by railroad -to Guaymas, Hermosillo, and Chihuahua,<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_13"></a>[13]</span> -there to see personally and confer with the -Mexican civil and military authorities. The -cordial reception extended him by all classes -was the best evidence of the high regard in -which he was held by the inhabitants of the -two afflicted States of Sonora and Chihuahua, -and of their readiness to welcome any force he -would lead to effect the destruction or removal -of the common enemy. Generals Topete and -Carbó—soldiers of distinction—the governors -of the two States, and Mayor Zubiran, of Chihuahua, -were most earnest in their desire for -a removal of savages whose presence was a -cloud upon the prosperity of their fellow-citizens. -General Crook made no delay in these -conferences, but hurried back to Willcox and -marched his command thence to the San Bernardino -springs, in the south-east corner of the -Territory (Arizona).</p> - -<p>But serious delays and serious complications -were threatened by the intemperate behavior -of an organization calling itself the “Tombstone -Rangers,” which marched in the direction of the -San Carlos Agency with the avowed purpose -of “cleaning out” all the Indians there congregated.<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_14"></a>[14]</span> -The chiefs and head men of the -Apaches had just caused word to be telegraphed -to General Crook that they intended -sending him another hundred of their picked -warriors as an assurance and pledge that they -were not in sympathy with the Chiricahuas on -the war-path. Upon learning of the approach -of the “Rangers” the chiefs prudently deferred -the departure of the new levy of scouts until -the horizon should clear, and enable them to -see what was to be expected from their white -neighbors.</p> - -<p>The whiskey taken along by the “Rangers” -was exhausted in less than ten days, when the -organization expired of thirst, to the gratification -of the respectable inhabitants of the frontier, -who repudiated an interference with the -plans of the military commander, respected and -esteemed by them for former distinguished services.</p> - -<p>At this point it may be well to insert an -outline of the story told by the Chiricahua -captive who had been brought down from the -San Carlos Agency to Willcox. He said that -his name was Pa-nayo-tishn (<ins class="corr" id="tn-14" title="Transcriber’s Note—Original text: 'the Cayote saw'"> -the Coyote saw</ins><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_15"></a>[15]</span> -him); that he was not a Chiricahua, but a -White Mountain Apache of the Dest-chin (or -Red Clay) clan, married to two Chiricahua women, -by whom he had had children, and with -whose people he had lived for years. He had -left the Chiricahua stronghold in the mountain -called Pa-gotzin-kay some five days’ journey -below Casas Grandes in Chihuahua. From that -stronghold the Chiricahuas had been raiding -with impunity upon the Mexicans. When pursued -they would draw the Mexicans into the -depths of the mountains, ambuscade them, and -kill them by rolling down rocks from the -heights.</p> - -<p>The Chiricahuas had plenty of horses and -cattle, but little food of a vegetable character. -They were finely provided with sixteen-shooting -breech-loading rifles, but were getting short of -ammunition, and had made their recent raid into -Arizona, hoping to replenish their supply of -cartridges. Dissensions had broken out among -the chiefs, some of whom, he thought, would -be glad to return to the reservation. In making -raids they counted upon riding from sixty to -seventy-five miles a day as they stole fresh<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_16"></a>[16]</span> -horses all the time and killed those abandoned. -It would be useless to pursue them, but he -would lead General Crook back along the trail -they had made coming up from Mexico, and he -had no doubt the Chiricahuas could be taken -by surprise.</p> - -<p>He had not gone with them of his own free -will, but had been compelled to leave the reservation, -and had been badly treated while -with them. The Chiricahuas left the San Carlos -because the agent had stolen their rations, -beaten their women, and killed an old squaw. -He asserted emphatically that no communication -of any kind had been held with the -Apaches at San Carlos, every attempt in that -direction having been frustrated.</p> - -<div class="figcenter illowp100" id="i030" style="max-width: 40em;"> - <img class="w100" src="images/i030.jpg" alt="" /> - <div class="caption">APACHE WAR-DANCE.</div> -</div> - -<p>The Chiricahuas, according to Pa-nayo-tishn, -numbered seventy full-grown warriors and fifty -big boys able to fight, with an unknown number -of women and children. In their fights with the -Mexicans about one hundred and fifty had been -killed and captured, principally women and children. -The stronghold in the Sierra Madre was -described as a dangerous, rocky, almost inaccessible -place, having plenty of wood, water, and<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_17"></a>[17]</span> -grass, but no food except what was stolen from -the Mexicans. Consequently the Chiricahuas -might be starved out.</p> - -<p>General Crook ordered the irons to be struck -from the prisoner; to which he demurred, saying -he would prefer to wear shackles for the -present, until his conduct should prove his sincerity. -A half-dozen prominent scouts promised -to guard him and watch him; so the -fetters were removed, and Pa-nayo-tishn or -“Peaches,” as the soldiers called him, was installed -in the responsible office of guide of the -contemplated expedition.</p> - -<p>By the 22d of April many of the preliminary -arrangements had been completed and some of -the difficulties anticipated had been smoothed -over. Nearly 100 Apache scouts joined the -command from the San Carlos Reservation, and -in the first hours of night began a war-dance, -which continued without a break until the first -flush of dawn the next day. They were all in -high feather, and entered into the spirit of the -occasion with full zest. Not much time need -be wasted upon a description of their dresses; -they didn’t wear any, except breech-clout and<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_18"></a>[18]</span> -moccasins. To the music of an improvised -drum and the accompaniment of marrow-freezing -yells and shrieks they pirouetted and -charged in all directions, swaying their bodies -violently, dropping on one knee, then suddenly -springing high in air, discharging their pieces, -and all the time chanting a rude refrain, in -which their own prowess was exalted and that -of their enemies alluded to with contempt. -Their enthusiasm was not abated by the announcement, -quietly diffused, that the “medicine -men” had been hard at work, and had -succeeded in making a “medicine” which -would surely bring the Chiricahuas to grief.</p> - -<p>In accordance with the agreement entered -into with the Mexican authorities, <ins class="corr" id="tn-18" title="Transcriber’s Note—Original text: 'the Amercan troops'"> -the American troops</ins> were to reach the boundary line <em>not -sooner than May 1</em>, the object being to let the -restless Chiricahuas quiet down as much as -possible, and relax their vigilance, while at the -same time it enabled the Mexican troops to get -into position for effective co-operation.</p> - -<p>The convention between our government and -that of Mexico, by which a reciprocal crossing -of the International Boundary was conceded to<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_19"></a>[19]</span> -the troops of the two republics, stipulated that -such crossing should be authorized when the -troops were “in close pursuit of a band of -savage Indians,” and the crossing was made -“in the unpopulated or desert parts of said -boundary line,” which unpopulated or desert -parts “had to be two leagues from any encampment -or town of either country.” The -commander of the troops crossing was to give -notice at time of crossing, or before if possible, -to the nearest military commander or civil -authority of the country entered. The pursuing -force was to retire to its own territory as -soon as it should have fought the band of -which it was in pursuit, or lost the trail; and -in no case could it “establish itself or remain -in the foreign territory for a longer time than -necessary to make the pursuit of the band -whose trail it had followed.”</p> - -<p>The weak points of this convention were the -imperative stipulation that the troops should -return at once after a fight and the ambiguity -of the terms “close pursuit,” and “unpopulated -country.” A friendly expedition from the -United States might follow close on the heels<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_20"></a>[20]</span> -of a party of depredating Apaches, but, under -a rigid construction of the term “unpopulated,” -have to turn back when it had reached some -miserable hamlet exposed to the full ferocity -of savage attack, and most in need of assistance, -as afterwards proved to be the case.</p> - -<p>The complication was not diminished by the -orders dispatched by General Sherman on March -31 to General Crook to continue the pursuit of -the Chiricahuas “without regard to departmental -or national boundaries.” Both General Crook -and General Topete, anxious to have every difficulty -removed which lay in the way of a -thorough adjustment of this vexed question, -telegraphed to their respective governments -asking that a more elastic interpretation be given -to the terms of the convention.</p> - -<p>To this telegram General Crook received reply -that he must abide strictly by the terms of -the convention, which could only be changed -with the concurrence of the Mexican Senate. -But what these terms meant exactly was left -just as much in the dark as before. On the 23d -of April General Crook moved out from Willcox, -accompanied by the Indian scouts and a<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_21"></a>[21]</span> -force of seven skeleton companies of the Third -and Sixth Cavalry, under Colonel James Biddle, -guarding a train of wagons, with supplies of -ammunition and food for two months. This -force, under Colonel Biddle, was to remain in -reserve at or near San Bernardino Springs on -the Mexican boundary, while its right and left -flanks respectively were to be covered by detachments -commanded by Rafferty, Vroom, Overton, -and Anderson; this disposition affording the best -possible protection to the settlements in case any -of the Chiricahuas should make their way to -the rear of the detachment penetrating Mexico.</p> - -<p>A disagreeable sand-storm enveloped the column -as it left the line of the Southern Pacific -Railroad, preceded by the detachment of Apache -scouts. A few words in regard to the peculiar -methods of the Apaches in marching and conducting -themselves while on a campaign may -not be out of place. To veterans of the campaigns -of the Civil War familiar with the compact -formations of the cavalry and infantry of -the Army of the Potomac, the loose, straggling -methods of the Apache scouts would appear -startling, and yet no soldier would fail to apprehend<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_22"></a>[22]</span> -at a glance that the Apache was the perfect, -the ideal, scout of the whole world. When -Lieutenant Gatewood, the officer in command, -gave the short, jerky order, Ugashé—Go!—the -Apaches started as if shot from a gun, and in a -minute or less had covered a space of one hundred -yards front, which distance rapidly widened -as they advanced, at a rough, shambling -walk, in the direction of Dos Cabezas (Two -Heads), the mining camp near which the first -halt was to be made.</p> - -<div class="figcenter illowp100" id="i038" style="max-width: 40em;"> - <img class="w100" src="images/i038.jpg" alt="" /> - <div class="caption">APACHE INDIAN SCOUTS EXAMINING TRAILS BY NIGHT.</div> -</div> - -<p>They moved with no semblance of regularity; -individual fancy alone governed. Here -was a clump of three; not far off two more, -and scattered in every point of the compass, -singly or in clusters, were these indefatigable -scouts, with vision as keen as a hawk’s, tread -as untiring and as stealthy as the panther’s, -and ears so sensitive that nothing escapes them. -An artist, possibly, would object to many of -them as undersized, but in all other respects -they would satisfy every requirement of anatomical -criticism. Their chests were broad, -deep, and full; shoulders perfectly straight; -limbs well-proportioned, strong, and muscular,<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_23"></a>[23]</span> -without a suggestion of undue heaviness; hands -and feet small and taper but wiry; heads -well-shaped, and countenances often lit up with -a pleasant, good-natured expression, which -would be more constant, perhaps, were it not -for the savage, untamed cast imparted by the -loose, disheveled, gypsy locks of raven black, -held away from the face by a broad, flat band -of scarlet cloth. Their eyes were bright, clear, -and bold, frequently expressive of the greatest -good-humor and satisfaction. Uniforms had -been issued, but were donned upon ceremonial -occasions only. On the present march each -wore a loosely fitting shirt of red, white, or -gray stuff, generally of calico, in some gaudy -figure, but <ins class="corr" id="tn-23" title="Transcriber’s Note—Original text: 'not infreqently the'"> -not infrequently the</ins> sombre article of -woollen raiment issued to white soldiers. This -came down outside a pair of loose cotton drawers, -reaching to the moccasins. The moccasins -are the most important articles of Apache apparel. -In a fight or on a long march they will -discard all else, but under any and every circumstance -will retain the moccasins. These -had been freshly made before leaving Willcox. -The Indian to be fitted stands erect upon the<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_24"></a>[24]</span> -ground while a companion traces with a sharp -knife the outlines of the sole of his foot upon -a piece of rawhide. The leggin is made of soft -buckskin, attached to the foot and reaching to -mid-thigh. For convenience in marching, it is -allowed to hang in folds below the knee. The -raw-hide sole is prolonged beyond the great -toe, and turned upward in a shield, which protects -from cactus and sharp stones. A leather -belt encircling the waist holds forty rounds of -metallic cartridges, and also keeps in place the -regulation blue blouse and pantaloons, which -are worn upon the person only when the Indian -scout is anxious to “paralyze” the frontier -towns <ins class="corr" id="tn-24" title="Transcriber’s Note—Original text: 'or millitary posts'"> -or military posts</ins> by a display of all his -finery.</p> - -<p>The other trappings of these savage auxiliaries -are a Springfield breech-loading rifle, army -pattern, a canteen full of water, a butcher knife, -an awl in leather case, a pair of tweezers, and -a tag. The awl is used for sewing moccasins -or work of that kind. With the tweezers the -Apache young man carefully picks out each -and every hair appearing upon his face. The -tag marks his place in the tribe, and is in reality<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_25"></a>[25]</span> -nothing more or less than a revival of a -plan adopted during the war of the rebellion -for the identification of soldiers belonging to -the different corps and divisions. Each male -Indian at the San Carlos is tagged and numbered, -and a descriptive list, corresponding to -the tag kept, with a full recital of all his physical -peculiarities.</p> - -<p>This is the equipment of each and every -scout; but there are many, especially the -more pious and influential, who carry besides, -strapped at the waist, little buckskin bags of -Hoddentin, or sacred meal, with which to -offer morning and evening sacrifice to the sun -or other deity. Others, again, are provided -with amulets of lightning-riven twigs, pieces -of quartz crystal, petrified wood, concretionary -sandstone, galena, or chalchihuitls, or fetiches -representing some of their countless -planetary gods or Kân, which are regarded -as the “dead medicine” for frustrating the -designs of the enemy or warding off arrows -and bullets in the heat of action. And a few -are happy in the possession of priceless sashes -and shirts of buckskin, upon which are emblazoned<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_26"></a>[26]</span> -the signs of the sun, moon, lightning, -rainbow, hail, fire, the water-beetle, butterfly, -snake, centipede, and other powers to -which they may appeal for aid in the hour -of distress.</p> - -<p>The Apache is an eminently religious person, -and the more deviltry he plans the more -pronounced does his piety become.</p> - -<div class="figcenter illowp70" id="i043" style="max-width: 35em;"> - <img class="w100" src="images/i043.jpg" alt="" /> - <div class="caption">APACHE AWL-CASES, TOBACCO BAGS, AND HEAD-DRESSES -WORN BY YOUNG GIRLS.</div> -</div> - -<p>The rate of speed attained by the Apaches -in marching is about an even four miles an -hour on foot, or not quite fast enough to make -a horse trot. They keep this up for about -fifteen miles, at the end of which distance, if -water be encountered and no enemy be sighted, -they congregate in bands of from ten to fifteen -each, hide in some convenient ravine, sit down, -smoke cigarettes, chat and joke, and stretch -out in the sunlight, basking like the negroes -of the South. If they want to make a little -fire, they kindle one with matches, if they -happen to have any with them; if not, a rapid -twirl, between the palms, of a hard round -stick fitting into a circular hole in another stick -of softer fiber, will bring fire in from eight to -forty-five seconds. The scouts by this time<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_27"></a>[27]</span> -have painted their faces, daubing them with -red ochre, deer’s blood, or the juice of roasted -“mescal.” The object of this is protection -from wind and sun, as well as distinctive ornamentation.</p> - -<p>The first morning’s rest of the Apaches was -broken by the shrill cry of Choddi! Choddi! -(Antelope! Antelope!) and far away on the -left the dull slump! slump! of rifles told that -the Apaches on that flank were getting fresh -meat for the evening meal. Twenty carcasses -demonstrated that they were not the worst of -shots; neither were they, by any means, bad -cooks.</p> - -<p>When the command reached camp these restless, -untiring nomads built in a trice all kinds -of rude shelters. Those that had the army -“dog tents” put them up on frame-works of -willow or cotton-wood saplings; others, less -fortunate, improvised domiciles of branches -covered with grass, or of stones and boards -covered with gunny sacks. Before these were -finished smoke curled gracefully toward the -sky from crackling embers, in front of which, -transfixed on wooden spits, were the heads,<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_28"></a>[28]</span> -hearts, and livers of several of the victims of -the afternoon’s chase. Another addition to -the <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">spolia opima</i> was a cotton-tailed rabbit, -run down by these fleet-footed Bedouins of the -South-west. Turkeys and quail are caught -in the same manner.</p> - -<p>Meanwhile a couple of scouts were making -bread,—the light, thin “tortillas” of the Mexicans, -baked quickly in a pan, and not bad -eating. Two others were fraternally occupied -in preparing their bed for the night. Grass -was pulled by handfuls, laid upon the ground, -and covered with one blanket, another serving -as cover. These Indians, with scarcely an -exception, sleep with their feet pointed toward -little fires, which, they claim, are warm, -while the big ones built by the American soldiers, -are so hot that they drive people away -from them, and, besides, attract the attention -of a lurking enemy. At the foot of this bed -an Apache was playing on a home-made fiddle, -fabricated from the stalk of the “mescal,” or -American aloe. This fiddle has four strings, -and emits a sound like the wail of a cat with -its tail caught in a fence. But the noble red<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_29"></a>[29]</span> -man likes the music, which perhaps is, after -all, not so very much inferior to that of -Wagner.</p> - -<p>Enchanted and stimulated by the concord of -sweet sounds, a party of six was playing fiercely -at the Mexican game of “monte,” the cards employed -being of native manufacture, of horse-hide, -covered with barbarous figures, and well -worthy of a place in any museum.</p> - -<p>The cooking was by this time ended, and the -savages, with genuine hospitality, invited the -Americans near them to join in the feast. It -was not conducive to appetite to glance at dirty -paws tearing bread and meat into fragments; -yet the meat thus cooked was tender and juicy, -the bread not bad, and the coffee strong and -fairly well made. The Apaches squatted nearest -to the American guests felt it incumbent -upon them to explain everything as the meal -progressed. They said this (pointing to the -coffee) is Tu-dishishn (black water), and that -Zigosti (bread).</p> - -<p>All this time scouts had been posted commanding -every possible line of approach. The -Apache dreads surprise. It is his own favorite<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_30"></a>[30]</span> -mode of destroying an enemy, and knowing -what he himself can do, he ascribes to his foe—no -matter how insignificant may be his numbers—the -same daring, recklessness, agility, -and subtlety possessed by himself. These Indian -scouts will march thirty-five or forty miles -in a day on foot, crossing wide stretches of -waterless plains upon which a tropical sun -beats down with fierceness, or climbing up the -faces of precipitous mountains which stretch -across this region in every direction.</p> - -<p>The two great points of superiority of the -native or savage soldier over the representative -of civilized discipline are his absolute knowledge -of the country and his perfect ability to -take care of himself at all times and under all -circumstances. Though the rays of the sun -pour down from the zenith, or the scorching -sirocco blow from the south, the Apache scout -trudges along as unconcerned as he was when -the cold rain or snow of winter chilled his -white comrade to the marrow. He finds food, -and pretty good food too, where the Caucasian -would starve. Knowing the habits of wild -animals from his earliest youth, he can catch<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_31"></a>[31]</span> -turkeys, quail, rabbits, doves, or field-mice, and, -perhaps, a prairie-dog or two, which will supply -him with meat. For some reason he cannot -be induced to touch fish, and bacon or any -other product of the hog is eaten only under -duress; but the flesh of a horse, mule, or jackass, -which has dropped exhausted on the march -and been left to die on the trail, is a delicious -morsel which the Apache epicure seizes upon -wherever possible. The stunted oak, growing -on the mountain flanks, furnishes acorns; the -Spanish bayonet, a fruit that, when roasted in -the ashes of a camp-fire, looks and tastes something -like the banana. The whole region of -Southern Arizona and Northern Mexico is matted -with varieties of the cactus, nearly every -one of which is called upon for its tribute of -fruit or seed. The broad leaves and stalks of -the century-plant—called mescal—are roasted -between hot stones, and the product is rich in -saccharine matter and extremely pleasant to the -taste. The wild potato and the bulb of the -“tule” are found in the damp mountain meadows; -and the nest of the ground-bee is raided -remorselessly for its little store of honey. Sunflower-seeds,<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_32"></a>[32]</span> -when ground fine, are rich and -nutritious. Walnuts grow in the deep ravines, -and strawberries in favorable locations; in the -proper season these, with the seeds of wild -grasses and wild pumpkins, the gum of the -“mesquite,” or the sweet, soft inner bark of the -pine, play their part in staving off the pangs of -hunger.</p> - -<p>The above are merely a few of the resources -of the Apache scout when separated from the -main command. When his moccasins give out -on a long march over the sharp rocks of the -mountains or the cutting sands of the plains, a -few hours’ rest sees him equipped with a new -pair,—his own handiwork,—and so with other -portions of his raiment. He is never without -awl, needle, thread, or sinew. Brought up from -infancy to the knowledge and use of arms of -some kind,—at first the bow and arrow, and -later on the rifle,—he is perfectly at home with -his weapons, and knowing from past experience -how important they are for his preservation, -takes much better care of them than does the -white soldier out of garrison.</p> - -<p>He does not read the newspapers, but the<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_33"></a>[33]</span> -great book of nature is open to his perusal, and -has been drained of much knowledge which his -pale-faced brother would be glad to acquire. -Every track in the trail, mark in the grass, -scratch on the bark of a tree, explains itself to -the “untutored” Apache. He can tell to an -hour, almost, when the man or animal making -them passed by, and, like a hound, will keep -on the scent until he catches up with the object -of his pursuit.</p> - -<p>In the presence of strangers the Apache soldier -is sedate and taciturn. Seated around his -little apology for a camp-fire, in the communion -of his fellows, he becomes vivacious and conversational. -He is obedient to authority, but -will not brook the restraints which, under our -notions of discipline, change men into machines. -He makes an excellent sentinel, and not a single -instance can be adduced of property having been -stolen from or by an Apache on guard.</p> - -<p>He has the peculiarity, noticed among so -many savage tribes in various parts of the world, -of not caring to give his true name to a stranger; -if asked for it, he will either give a wrong one -or remain mute and let a comrade answer for<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_34"></a>[34]</span> -him. This rule does not apply where he has -been dubbed with a sobriquet by the white soldiers. -In such case he will respond promptly, -and tell the inquirer that he is “Stumpy,” “Tom -Thumb,” “Bill,” “Humpy Sam,” or “One-Eyed -Reilly,” as the case may be. But there is no -such exception in regard to the dead. Their -names are never mentioned, even by the wailing -friends who loudly chant their virtues.</p> - -<div class="figcenter illowp100" id="i053" style="max-width: 40em;"> - <img class="w100" src="images/i053.jpg" alt="" /> - <div class="caption">APACHE AMBUSCADE.</div> -</div> - -<p>Approaching the enemy his vigilance is a -curious thing to witness. He avoids appearing -suddenly upon the crest of a hill, knowing that -his figure projected against the sky can at such -time be discerned from a great distance. He will -carefully bind around his brow a sheaf of grass, -or some other foliage, and thus disguised crawl -like a snake to the summit and carefully peer -about, taking in with his keen black eyes the -details of the country to the front with a rapidity, -and thoroughness the American or European -can never acquire. In battle he is again -the antithesis of the Caucasian. The Apache -has no false ideas about courage; he would prefer -to skulk <ins class="corr" id="tn-34" title="Transcriber’s Note—Original text: 'like the cayote'"> -like the coyote</ins> for hours, and then -kill his enemy, or capture his herd, rather than,<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_35"></a>[35]</span> -by injudicious exposure, receive a wound, fatal -or otherwise. But he is no coward; on the -contrary, he is entitled to rank among the -bravest. The precautions taken for his safety -prove that he is an exceptionally skillful soldier. -His first duty under fire is to jump for a rock, -bush, or hole, from which no enemy can drive -him except with loss of life or blood.</p> - -<p>The policy of Great Britain has always been -to enlist a force of auxiliaries from among the -natives of the countries falling under her sway. -The Government of the United States, on the -contrary, has persistently ignored the really excellent -material, ready at hand, which could, -with scarcely an effort and at no expense, be -mobilized, and made to serve as a frontier police. -General Crook is the only officer of our army -who has fully recognized the incalculable value -of a native contingent, and in all his campaigns -of the past thirty-five years has drawn about -him as soon as possible a force of Indians, which -has been serviceable as guides and trailers, and -also of consequence in reducing the strength of -the opposition.</p> - -<p>The white army of the United States is a<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_36"></a>[36]</span> -much better body of officers and men than a -critical and censorious public gives it credit for -being. It represents intelligence of a high -order, and a spirit of devotion to duty worthy -of unbounded praise; but it does not represent -the acuteness of the savage races. It cannot -follow the trail like a dog on the scent. It may -be brave and well-disciplined, but its members -cannot tramp or ride, as the case may be, from -forty to seventy-five miles in a day, without -water, under a burning sun. No civilized army -can do that. It is one of the defects of civilized -training that man develops new wants, awakens -new necessities,—becomes, in a word, more and -more a creature of luxury.</p> - -<p>Take the Apache Indian under the glaring -sun of Mexico. He quietly peels off all his -clothing and enjoys the fervor of the day more -than otherwise. He may not be a great military -genius, but he is inured to all sorts of -fatigue, and will be hilarious and jovial when -the civilized man is about to die of thirst.</p> - -<p>Prominent among these scouts was of course -first of all “Peaches,” the captive guide. He -was one of the handsomest men, physically, to<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_37"></a>[37]</span> -be found in the world. He never knew what -it was to be tired, cross, or out of humor. His -knowledge of the topography of Northern Sonora -was remarkable, and his absolute veracity -and fidelity in all his dealings a notable feature -in his character. With him might be mentioned -“Alchise,” “Mickey Free,” “Severiano,” “Nockié-cholli,” -“Nott,” and dozens of others, all tried -and true men, experienced in warfare and devoted -to the general whose standard they followed.</p> - - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter"> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_38"></a>[38]</span><br /></p> - -<h2 class="p2 nobreak" id="II">II.</h2> -</div> - - -<p>From Willcox to San Bernardino Springs, -by the road the wagons followed, is an even -100 miles. The march thither, through a most -excellent grazing country, was made in five -days, by which time the command was joined -by Captain Emmet Crawford, Third Cavalry, -with more than 100 additional Apache scouts -and several trains of pack-mules.</p> - -<p>San Bernardino Springs break out from the -ground upon the Boundary Line and flow -south into the Yaqui River, of which the San -Bernardino River is the extreme head. These -springs yielded an abundance of water for all -our needs, and at one time had refreshed thousands -of head of cattle, which have since disappeared -under the attrition of constant warfare -with the Apaches.</p> - -<p>The few days spent at San Bernardino were -days of constant toil and labor; from the first -streak of dawn until far into the night the<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_39"></a>[39]</span> -task of organizing and arranging went on. -Telegrams were dispatched to the Mexican -generals notifying them that the American -troops would leave promptly by the date -agreed upon, and at last the Indian scouts -began their war-dances, and continued them -without respite from each sunset until the next -sunrise. In a conference with General Crook -they informed him of their anxiety to put an -end to the war and bring peace to Arizona, so -that the white men and Apaches could live -and work side by side.</p> - -<p>By the 29th of April all preparations were -complete. Baggage had been cut down to a -minimum. Every officer and man was allowed -to carry the clothes on his back, one blanket -and forty rounds of ammunition. Officers were -ordered to mess with the packers and on the -same food issued to soldiers and Indian scouts. -One hundred and sixty rounds of extra ammunition -and rations of hard-bread, coffee and -bacon, for sixty days, were carried on pack-mules.</p> - -<p>At this moment General Sherman telegraphed -to General Crook that he must not<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_40"></a>[40]</span> -cross the Mexican boundary in pursuit of Indians, -except in strict accord with the terms of -the treaty, without defining exactly what those -terms meant. Crook replied, acknowledging -receipt of these instructions and saying that he -would respect treaty stipulations.</p> - -<p>On Tuesday, May 1st, 1883, the expedition -crossed the boundary into Mexico. Its exact -composition was as follows: General George -Crook, in command. Captain John G. Bourke, -Third Cavalry, acting adjutant-general; Lieutenant -G. S. Febiger, engineer officer, aid-de-camp; -Captain Chaffee, Sixth Cavalry, with -Lieutenants West and Forsyth, and forty-two -enlisted men of “I” company of that regiment; -Doctor Andrews, Private A. F. Harmer of the -General Service, and 193 Indian scouts, under -Captain Emmet Crawford, Third Cavalry, -Lieutenant Mackey, Third Cavalry, and Gatewood, -Sixth Cavalry, with whom were Al. -Zeiber, McIntosh, “Mickey Free,” Severiano, -and Sam Bowman, as interpreters.</p> - -<p>The pack-mules, for purposes of efficient -management, were divided into five trains, each -with its complement of skilled packers. These<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_41"></a>[41]</span> -trains were under charge of Monach, Hopkins, -Stanfield, “Long Jim Cook,” and “Short Jim -Cook.”</p> - -<p>Each packer was armed with carbine and -revolver, for self-protection, but nothing could -be expected of them, in the event of an attack, -beyond looking out for the animals. Consequently -the effective fighting strength of the -command was a little over fifty white men—officers -and soldiers—and not quite 200 Apache -scouts, representing the various bands, Chiricahua, -White Mountain, Yuma, Mojave, and -Tonto.</p> - -<p>The first rays of the sun were beaming upon -the Eastern hills as we swung into our saddles, -and, amid a chorus of good-byes and God-bless-yous -from those left behind, pushed down the -hot and sandy valley of the San Bernardino, -past the mouth of Guadalupe cañon, to near -the confluence of Elias Creek, some twenty -miles. Here camp was made on the banks of -a pellucid stream, under the shadow of graceful -walnut and ash trees. The Apache scouts had -scoured the country to the front and on both -flanks, and returned loaded with deer and wild<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_42"></a>[42]</span> -turkeys, the latter being run down and caught -in the bushes. One escaped from its captors -and started through camp on a full jump, pursued -by the Apaches, who, upon re-catching it, -promptly twisted its head off.</p> - -<p>The Apaches were in excellent spirits, the -“medicine-men” having repeated with emphasis -the prediction that the expedition was -to be a grand success. One of the most influential -of them—a mere boy, who carried the -most sacred medicine—was especially positive -in his views, and, unlike most prophets, backed -them up with a bet of $40.</p> - -<p>On May 2, 1883, breakfasted at 4 <span class="allsmcap">A.M.</span> -The train—Monach’s—with which we took -meals was composed equally of Americans and -Mexicans. So, when the cook spread his canvas -on the ground, one heard such expressions -as <i lang="es" xml:lang="es">Tantito’ zucarito quiero</i>; <i lang="es" xml:lang="es">Sirve pasar el -járabe</i>; <i lang="es" xml:lang="es">Pase rebanada de pan</i>; <i lang="es" xml:lang="es">Otra gotita -mas de café</i>, quite as frequently as their English -equivalents, “I’d like a little more sugar,” -“Please pass the sirup,” “Hand me a slice of -bread,” “A little drop of coffee.” Close by, -the scouts consumed their meals, and with<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_43"></a>[43]</span> -more silence, yet not so silently but that their -calls for <i>inchi</i> (salt), <i>ikôn</i> (flour), <i>pezá-a</i> (frying-pan), -and other articles, could be plainly -heard.</p> - -<p>Martin, the cook, deserves some notice. He -was not, as he himself admitted, a French cook -by profession. His early life had been passed -in the more romantic occupation of driving an -ore-wagon between Willcox and Globe, and, -to quote his own proud boast, he could “hold -down a sixteen-mule team with any outfit this -side the Rio Grande.”</p> - -<p>But what he lacked in culinary knowledge -he more than made up in strength and agility. -He was not less than six feet two in his socks, -and built like a young Hercules. He was gentle-natured, -too, and averse to fighting. Such, -at least, was the opinion I gathered from a -remark he made the first evening I was thrown -into his society.</p> - -<p>His eyes somehow were fixed on mine, while -he said quietly, “If there’s anybody here don’t -like the grub, I’ll kick a lung out of him!” I -was just about suggesting that a couple of -pounds less saleratus in the bread and a couple<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_44"></a>[44]</span> -of gallons less water in the coffee would be -grateful to my Sybarite palate; but, after this -conversation, I reflected that the fewer remarks -I made the better would be the chances of my -enjoying the rest of the trip; so I said nothing. -Martin, I believe, is now in Chihuahua, -and I assert from the depths of an outraged -stomach, that a better man or a worse cook -never thumped a mule or turned a flapjack.</p> - -<p>The march was continued down the San Bernardino -until we reached its important affluent, -the Bávispe, up which we made our way until -the first signs of habitancy were encountered -in the squalid villages of Bávispe, Basaraca, -and Huachinera.</p> - -<p>The whole country was a desert. On each -hand were the ruins of depopulated and abandoned -hamlets, destroyed by the Apaches. The -bottom-lands of the San Bernardino, once smiling -with crops of wheat and barley, were now -covered with a thickly-matted jungle of semi-tropical -vegetation. The river banks were -choked by dense brakes of cane of great size -and thickness. The narrow valley was hemmed -in by rugged and forbidding mountains, gashed<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_45"></a>[45]</span> -and slashed with a thousand ravines, to cross -which exhausted both strength and patience. -The foot-hills were covered with <i>chevaux de -frise</i> of Spanish bayonet, mescal, and cactus. -The lignum-vitæ flaunted its plumage of crimson -flowers, much like the fuchsia, but growing -in clusters. The grease-wood, ordinarily so -homely, here assumed a garniture of creamy -blossoms, rivaling the gaudy dahlia-like cups -upon the nopal, and putting to shame the modest -tendrils pendent from the branches of the -mesquite.</p> - -<p>The sun glared down pitilessly, wearing out -the poor mules, which had as much as they -could do to scramble over the steep hills, composed -of a nondescript accumulation of lava, -sandstone, porphyry, and limestone, half-rounded -by the action of water, and so loosely -held together as to slip apart and roll away -the instant the feet of animals or men touched -them.</p> - -<p>When they were not slipping over loose -stones or climbing rugged hills, they were breaking -their way through jungles of thorny vegetation, -which tore their quivering flesh. One<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_46"></a>[46]</span> -of the mules, falling from the rocks, impaled -itself upon a mesquite branch, and had to be -killed.</p> - -<p>Through all this the Apache scouts trudged -without a complaint, and with many a laugh -and jest. Each time camp was reached they -showed themselves masters of the situation. -They would gather the saponaceous roots of -the yucca and Spanish bayonet, to make use of -them in cleaning their long, black hair, or cut -sections of the bamboo-like cane and make pipes -for smoking, or four-holed flutes, which emitted -a weird, Chinese sort of music, responded to -with melodious chatter by countless birds -perched in the shady seclusion of ash and cotton-wood.</p> - -<p>Those scouts who were not on watch gave -themselves up to the luxury of the tá-a-chi, or -sweat-bath. To construct these baths, a dozen -willow or cotton-wood branches are stuck in -the ground and the upper extremities, united -to form a dome-shaped frame-work, upon which -are laid blankets to prevent the escape of heat. -Three or four large rocks are heated and placed -in the centre, the Indians arranging themselves<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_47"></a>[47]</span> -around these rocks and bending over them. -Silicious bowlders are invariably selected, and -not calcareous—the Apaches being sufficiently -familiar with rudimentary mineralogy to know -that the latter will frequently crack and explode -under intense heat.</p> - -<p>When it came to my time to enter the sweat-lodge -I could see nothing but a network of -arms and legs, packed like sardines. An extended -experience with Broadway omnibuses -assured me that there must always be room for -one more. The smile of the “medicine-man”—the -master of ceremonies—encouraged me to -push in first an arm, then a leg, and, finally, -my whole body.</p> - -<p>Thump! sounded the damp blanket as it -fell against the frame-work and shut out all -light and air. The conductor of affairs inside -threw a handful of water on the hot rocks, and -steam, on the instant, filled every crevice of -the den. The heat was that of a bake-oven; -breathing was well-nigh impossible.</p> - -<p>“Sing,” said in English the Apache boy, -“Keet,” whose legs and arms were sinuously intertwined -with mine; “sing heap; sleep moocho<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_48"></a>[48]</span> -to-night; eat plenny dinna to-mollo.” The -other bathers said that everybody must sing. -I had to yield. My <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">repertoire</i> consists of but -one song—the lovely ditty—“Our captain’s -name is Murphy.” I gave them this with all -the lung-power I had left, and was heartily encored; -but I was too much exhausted to respond, -and rushed out, dripping with perspiration, -to plunge with my dusky comrades into -the refreshing waters of the Bávispe, which -had worn out for themselves tanks three to -twenty feet deep. The effects of the bath were -all that the Apaches had predicted—a sound, -refreshing sleep and increased appetite.</p> - -<div class="figcenter illowp100" id="i070" style="max-width: 40em;"> - <img class="w100" src="images/i070.jpg" alt="" /> - <div class="caption">APACHE HEAD-DRESSES, SHOES, TOYS, ETC.</div> -</div> - -<p>The farther we got into Mexico the greater -the desolation. The valley of the Bávispe, -like that of the San Bernardino, had once been -thickly populated; now all was wild and gloomy. -Foot-prints indeed were plenty, but they were -the fresh moccasin-tracks of Chiricahuas, who -apparently roamed with immunity over all this -solitude. There were signs, too, of Mexican -“travel;” but in every case these were “<i lang="es" xml:lang="es">conductas</i>” -of pack-mules, guarded by companies -of soldiers. Rattlesnakes were encountered<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_49"></a>[49]</span> -with greater frequency both in camp and on -the march. When found in camp the Apaches, -from superstitious reasons, refrained from killing -them, but let the white men do it.</p> - -<p>The vegetation remained much the same as -that of Southern Arizona, only denser and -larger. The cactus began to bear odorous -flowers—a species of night-blooming cereus—and -parrots of gaudy plumage flitted about -camp, to the great joy of the scouts, who, catching -two or three, tore the feathers from their -bodies and tied them in their inky locks. -Queenly humming-birds of sapphire hue darted -from bush to bush and tree to tree. Every one -felt that we were advancing into more torrid -regions. However, by this time faces and -hands were finely tanned and blistered, and the -fervor of the sun was disregarded. The nights -remained cool and refreshing throughout the -trip, and, after the daily march or climb, soothed -to the calmest rest.</p> - -<p>On the 5th of May the column reached the -feeble, broken-down towns of Bávispe and Basaraca. -The condition of the inhabitants was -deplorable. Superstition, illiteracy, and bad<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_50"></a>[50]</span> -government had done their worst, and, even -had not the Chiricahuas kept them in mortal -terror, it is doubtful whether they would have -had energy enough to profit by the natural advantages, -mineral and agricultural, of their immediate -vicinity. The land appeared to be -fertile and was well watered. Horses, cattle, -and chickens throve; the cereals yielded an -abundant return; and scarlet blossoms blushed -in the waxy-green foliage of the pomegranate.</p> - -<p>Every man, woman, and child had gathered -in the streets or squatted on the flat roofs of -the adobe houses to welcome our approach with -cordial acclamations. They looked like a grand -national convention of scarecrows and rag-pickers, -their garments old and dingy, but no -man so poor that he didn’t own a gorgeous sombrero, -with a snake-band of silver, or display -a flaming sash of cheap red silk and wool. -Those who had them displayed rainbow-hued -<i lang="es" xml:lang="es">serapes</i> flung over the shoulders; those who -had none went in their shirt-sleeves.</p> - -<p>The children were bright, dirty, and pretty; -the women so closely enveloped in their <i lang="es" xml:lang="es">rebozos</i> -that only one eye could be seen. They<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_51"></a>[51]</span> -greeted our people with warmth, and offered to -go with us to the mountains. With the volubility -of parrots they began to describe a most -blood-thirsty fight recently had with the Chiricahuas, -in which, of course, the Apaches had -been completely and ignominiously routed, each -Mexican having performed prodigies of valor -on a par with those of Ajax. But at the same -time they wouldn’t go alone into their fields,—only -a quarter of a mile off,—which were <ins class="corr" id="tn-51" title="Transcriber’s Note—Original text: 'constantly patroled'"> -constantly patrolled</ins> by a detachment of twenty-five -or thirty men of what was grandiloquently -styled the National Guard. “Peaches,” the -guide, smiled quietly, but said nothing, when -told of this latest annihilation of the Chiricahuas. -General Crook, without a moment’s hesitancy, -determined to keep on the trail farther -into the Sierra Madre.</p> - -<p>The food of these wretched Mexicans was -mainly <em>atole</em>,—a weak flour-gruel resembling -the paste used by our paper-hangers. Books -they had none, and newspapers had not yet -been heard of. Their only recreation was in -religious festivals, occurring with commendable -frequency. The churches themselves were in<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_52"></a>[52]</span> -the last stages of dilapidation; the adobe exteriors -showed dangerous indications of approaching -dissolution, while the tawdry ornaments -of the inside were foul and black with -age, smoke, dust, and rain.</p> - -<p>I asked a small, open-mouthed boy to hold -my horse for a moment until I had examined -one of these edifices, which bore the elaborate -title of the Temple of the Holy Sepulchre and -our Lady of the Trance. This action evoked a -eulogy from one of the bystanders: “This man -can’t be an American, he must be a Christian,” -he sagely remarked; “he speaks Castilian, and -goes to church the first thing.”</p> - -<p>It goes without saying that they have no -mails in that country. What they call the -post-office of Basaraca is in the store of the -town. The store had no goods for sale, and -the post-office had no stamps. The postmaster -didn’t know when the mail would go; it used -to go every eight days, but now—<i lang="es" xml:lang="es">quien sabe?</i> -Yes, he would send our letters the first opportunity. -The price? Oh! the price?—did the -<i lang="es" xml:lang="es">caballeros</i> want to know how much? Well, for -Mexican people, he charged five cents, but<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_53"></a>[53]</span> -the Americans would have to pay <i lang="es" xml:lang="es">dos reales</i> -(twenty-five cents) for each letter.</p> - -<p>The only supplies for sale in Basaraca were -fiery mescal, chile, and a few eggs, eagerly -snapped up by the advance-guard. In making -these purchases we had to enter different -houses, which vied with each other in penury -and destitution. There were no chairs, no tables, -none of the comforts which the humblest -laborers in our favored land demand as right -and essential. The inmates in every instance -received us urbanely and kindly. The women, -who were uncovered inside their domiciles, were -greatly superior in good looks and good breeding -to their husbands and brothers; but the -latter never neglected to employ all the punctilious -expressions of Spanish politeness.</p> - -<p>That evening the round-stomached old man, -whom, in ignorance of the correct title, we all -agreed to call the Alcalde, paid a complimentary -visit to General Crook, and with polite -flourishes bade him welcome to the soil of Mexico -informed him that he had received orders -to render the expedition every assistance in his -power, and offered to accompany it at the head<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_54"></a>[54]</span> -of every man and boy in the vicinity. General -Crook felt compelled to decline the assistance -of these valiant auxiliaries, but asked permission -to buy four beeves to feed to the Apache -scouts, who did not relish bacon or other salt -meat.</p> - -<p>Bivouac was made that night on the banks -of the Bávispe, under the bluff upon which -perched the town of Basaraca. Numbers of -visitors—men and boys—flocked in to see us, -bringing bread and tobacco for barter and sale. -In their turn a large body of our people went -up to the town and indulged in the unexpected -luxury of a ball. This was so entirely original -in all its features that a mention of it is admissible.</p> - -<p>Bells were ringing a loud peal, announcing -that the morrow would be Sunday, when a prolonged -thumping of drums signaled that the -<i lang="es" xml:lang="es">Baile</i> was about to begin.</p> - -<p>Wending our way to the corner whence the -noise proceeded, we found that a half-dozen of -the packers had bought out the whole stock of -the <i lang="es" xml:lang="es">tienda</i>, which dealt only in <i lang="es" xml:lang="es">mescal</i>, paying -therefor the princely sum of $12.50.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_55"></a>[55]</span></p> - -<p>Invitations had been extended to all the -adult inhabitants to take part in the festivities. -For some reason all the ladies sent regrets by -the messenger; but of men there was no lack, -the packers having taken the precaution to -send out a patrol to scour the streets, “collar” -and “run in” every male biped found outside -his own threshold. These captives were first -made to drink a tumbler of <i lang="es" xml:lang="es">mescal</i> to the -health of the two great nations, Mexico and the -United States,—and then were formed into -quadrille sets, moving in unison with the orchestra -of five pieces,—two drums, two squeaky -fiddles, and an accordion.</p> - -<p>None of the performers understood a note of -music. When a new piece was demanded, the -tune had to be whistled in the ears of the bass-drummer, -who thumped it off on his instrument, -followed energetically by his enthusiastic -assistants.</p> - -<p>This orchestra was augmented in a few moments -by the addition of a young boy with a -sax-horn. He couldn’t play, and the horn had -lost its several keys, but he added to the noise -and was welcomed with screams of applause.<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_56"></a>[56]</span> -It was essentially a <em>stag</em> party, but a very funny -one. The new player was doing some good -work when a couple of dancers whirled into -him, knocking him clear off his pins and astride -of the bass-drum and drummer.</p> - -<p>Confusion reigned only a moment; good -order was soon restored, and the dance would -have been resumed with increased jollity had -not the head of the bass-drum been helplessly -battered.</p> - -<p>Midnight had long since been passed, and -there was nothing to be done but break up the -party and return to camp.</p> - -<p>From Basaraca to Tesorababi—over twenty -miles—the line of march followed a country -almost exactly like that before described. The -little hamlets of Estancia and Huachinera were -perhaps a trifle more squalid than Bávispe or -Basaraca, and their churches more dilapidated; -but in that of Huachinera were two or three -unusually good oil-paintings, brought from -Spain a long time ago. Age, dust, weather, -and candle-grease had almost ruined, but had -not fully obliterated, the touch of the master-hand -which had made them.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_57"></a>[57]</span></p> - -<p>Tesorababi must have been, a couple of generations -since, a very noble ranch. It has -plenty of water, great groves of oak and mesquite, -with sycamore and cotton-wood growing -near the water, and very nutritious grass upon -the neighboring hills. The buildings have fallen -into ruin, nothing being now visible but the -stout walls of stone and adobe. Mesquite trees -of noble size choke up the corral, and everything -proclaims with mute eloquence the supremacy -of the Apache.</p> - -<p>Alongside of this ranch are the ruins of an -ancient pueblo, with quantities of broken pottery, -stone mortars, Obsidian flakes and kindred -<i lang="la" xml:lang="la">reliquiæ</i>.</p> - -<p>To Tesorababi the column was accompanied -by a small party of guides sent out by the Alcalde -of Basaraca. General Crook ordered them -back, as they were not of the slightest use so -long as we had such a force of Apache scouts.</p> - -<p>We kept in camp at Tesorababi until the -night of May 7, and then marched straight for -the Sierra Madre. The foot-hills were thickly -covered with rich <em>grama</em> and darkened by -groves of scrub-oak. Soon the oak gave way<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_58"></a>[58]</span> -to cedar in great abundance, and the hills and -ridges became steeper as we struck the trail -lately made by the Chiricahuas driving off cattle -from Sahuaripa and Oposura. We were -fairly within the range, and had made good -progress, when the scouts halted and began to -explain to General Crook that nothing but bad -luck could be expected if he didn’t set free an -owl which one of our party had caught, and -tied to the pommel of his saddle.</p> - -<p>They said the owl (Bû) was a bird of ill-omen, -and that we could not hope to whip the -Chiricahuas so long as we retained it. These -solicitations bore good fruit. The moon-eyed -bird of night was set free and the advance resumed. -Shortly before midnight camp was -made in a very deep cañon, thickly wooded, and -having a small stream a thousand feet below -our position. No fires were allowed, and some -confusion prevailed among the pack-mules, -which could not find their places.</p> - -<p>Very early the next morning (May 8, 1883) -the command moved in easterly direction up -the cañon. This was extremely rocky and steep. -Water stood in pools everywhere, and animals<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_59"></a>[59]</span> -and men slaked their fierce thirst. Indications -of Chiricahua depredations multiplied. The trail -was fresh and well-beaten, as if by scores—yes, -hundreds—of stolen ponies and cattle.</p> - -<p>The carcasses of five freshly slaughtered -beeves lay in one spot; close to them a couple -more, and so on.</p> - -<p>The path wound up the face of the mountain, -and became so precipitous that were a horse to -slip his footing he would roll and fall hundreds -of feet to the bottom. At one of the abrupt -turns could be seen, deep down in the cañon, -the mangled fragments of a steer which had -fallen from the trail, and been dashed to pieces -on the rocks below. It will save much repetition -to say, at this point, that from now on we -were never out of sight of ponies and cattle, -butchered, in every stage of mutilation, or alive, -and roaming by twos and threes in the ravines -and on the mountain flanks.</p> - -<p>Climb! Climb! Climb! Gaining the summit -of one ridge only to learn that above it towered -another, the face of nature fearfully corrugated -into a perplexing alternation of ridges -and chasms. Not far out from the last bivouac<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_60"></a>[60]</span> -was passed the spot where a large body of Mexican -troops had camped, the farthest point of -their penetration into the range, although their -scouts had been pushed in some distance farther, -only to be badly whipped by the Chiricahuas, -who sent them flying back, utterly demoralized.</p> - -<p>These particulars may now be remarked of -that country: It seemed to consist of a series of -parallel and very high, knife-edged hills,—extremely -rocky and bold; the cañons all contained -water, either flowing rapidly, or else in tanks of -great depth. Dense pine forests covered the -ridges near the crests, the lower skirts being -matted with scrub-oak. Grass was generally -plentiful, but not invariably to be depended -upon. Trails ran in every direction, and upon -them were picked up all sorts of odds and ends -plundered from the Mexicans,—dresses, made -and unmade, saddles, bridles, letters, flour, onions, -and other stuff. In every sheltered spot could -be discerned the ruins,—buildings, walls, and -dams, erected by an extinct race, once possessing -this region.</p> - -<p>The pack-trains had much difficulty in getting -along. Six mules slipped from the trail, and<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_61"></a>[61]</span> -rolled over and over until they struck the bottom -of the cañon. Fortunately they had selected -a comparatively easy grade, and none was -badly hurt.</p> - -<p>The scouts became more and more vigilant -and the “medicine-men” more and more devotional. -When camp was made the high peaks -were immediately picketed, and all the approaches -carefully examined. Fires were allowed -only in rare cases, and in positions -affording absolute concealment. Before going -to bed the scouts were careful to fortify themselves -in such a manner that surprise was simply -impossible.</p> - -<p>Late at night (May 8th) the “medicine-men” -gathered together for the never-to-be-neglected -duty of singing and “seeing” the Chiricahuas. -After some palaver I succeeded in obtaining -the privilege of sitting in the circle with them. -All but one chanted in a low, melancholy tone, -half song and half grunt. The solitary exception -lay as if in a trance for a few moments, -and then, half opening his lips, began to thump -himself violently in the breast, and to point to -the east and north, while he muttered: “Me<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_62"></a>[62]</span> -can’t see the Chilicahuas yet. Bimeby me see -’um. Me catch ’um, me kill ’um. Me no catch -’um, me no kill ’um. Mebbe so six day me -catch ’um; mebbe so two day. Tomollow me -send twenty-pibe (25) men to hunt ’um tlail. -Mebbe so tomollow catch ’um squaw. Chilicahua -see me, me no get ’um. No see me, -me catch him. Me see him little bit now. -Mebbe so me see ’um more tomollow. Me -catch ’um, me kill ’um. Me catch ’um hoss, me -catch ’um mool (mule), me catch ’um cow. Me -catch Chilicahua pooty soon, bimeby. Me kill -’um heap, and catch ’um squaw.” These prophecies, -translated for me by an old friend in the -circle who spoke some English, were listened to -with rapt attention and reverence by the awe-struck -scouts on the exterior.</p> - -<p>The succeeding day brought increased trouble -and danger. The mountains became, if anything, -steeper; the trails, if anything, more -perilous. Carcasses of mules, ponies, and cows -lined the path along which we toiled, dragging -after us worn-out horses.</p> - -<p>It was not yet noon when the final ridge of -the day was crossed and the trail turned down<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_63"></a>[63]</span> -a narrow, gloomy, and rocky gorge, which gradually -widened into a small amphitheatre.</p> - -<p>This, the guide said, was the stronghold occupied -by the Chiricahuas while he was with -them; but no one was there now. For all purposes -of defense, it was admirably situated. -Water flowed in a cool, sparkling stream -through the middle of the amphitheatre. Pine, -oak, and cedar in abundance and of good size -clung to the steep flanks of the ridges, in whose -crevices grew much grass. The country, for a -considerable distance, could be watched from -the pinnacles upon which the savage pickets -had been posted, while their huts had been so -scattered and concealed in the different brakes -that the capture or destruction of the entire -band could never have been effected.</p> - -<p>The Chiricahuas had evidently lived in this -place a considerable time. The heads and bones -of cows and ponies were scattered about on all -sides. Meat must have been their principal -food, since we discovered scarcely any mescal -or other vegetables. At one point the scouts -indicated where a mother had been cutting a -child’s hair; at another, where a band of youngsters<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_64"></a>[64]</span> -had been enjoying themselves sliding down -rocks.</p> - -<p>Here were picked up the implements used -by a young Chiricahua assuming the duties of -manhood. Like all other Indians they make -vows and pilgrimages to secluded spots, during -which periods they will not put their lips to -water, but suck up all they need through a -quill or cane. Hair-brushes of grass, bows and -arrows, and a Winchester rifle had likewise been -left behind by the late occupants.</p> - -<p>The pack-trains experienced much difficulty -in keeping the trail this morning (May 9). -Five mules fell over the precipice and killed -themselves, three breaking their necks and two -having to be shot.</p> - -<div class="figcenter illowp100" id="i087" style="max-width: 40em;"> - <img class="w100" src="images/i087.jpg" alt="" /> - <div class="caption">APACHE WEAPONS AND EQUIPMENTS.</div> -</div> - -<p>Being now in the very centre of the hostile -country, May 10, 1883, unusual precautions -were taken to guard against discovery or ambuscade, -and to hurry along the pack-mules. -Parties of Apache scouts were thrown out to -the front, flanks, and rear to note carefully -every track in the ground. A few were detailed -to stay with the pack-mules and guide -them over the best line of country. Ax-men<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_65"></a>[65]</span> -were sent ahead on the trail to chop out trees -and remove rocks or other obstructions. Then -began a climb which reflected the experience -of the previous two days; if at all different, it -was much worse. Upon the crest of the first -high ridge were seen forty abandoned <em>jacales</em> -or lodges of branches; after that, another dismantled -village of thirty more, and then, in -every protected nook, one, two, or three, as -might be. Fearful as this trail was the Chiricahuas -had forced over it a band of cattle -and ponies, whose footprints had been fully -outlined in the mud, just hardened into clay.</p> - -<p>After two miles of a very hard climb we slid -down the almost perpendicular face of a high -bluff of slippery clay and loose shale into an open -space dotted with Chiricahua huts, where, on a -grassy space, the young savages had been playing -their favorite game of mushka, or lance-billiards.</p> - -<p>Two white-tailed deer ran straight into the -long file of scouts streaming down hill; a shower -of rocks and stones greeted them, and there was -much suppressed merriment, but not the least -bit of noisy laughter, the orders being to avoid -any cause of alarm to the enemy.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_66"></a>[66]</span></p> - -<p>A fearful chute led from this point down -into the gloomy chasm along which trickled -the head-waters of the Bávispe, gathering in -basins and pools clear as mirrors of crystal. A -tiny cascade babbled over a ledge of limestone -and filled at the bottom a dark-green reservoir -of unknown depth. There was no longer -any excitement about Chiricahua signs; rather, -wonder when none were to be seen.</p> - -<p>The ashes of extinct fires, the straw of unused -beds, the skeleton frame-work of dismantled -huts, the play-grounds and dance-grounds, -mescal-pits and acorn-meal mills were visible -at every turn. The Chiricahuas must have felt -perfectly secure amid these towering pinnacles -of rock in these profound chasms, by these -bottomless pools of water, and in the depths -of this forest primeval. Here no human foe -could hope to conquer them. Notwithstanding -this security of position, “Peaches” asserted -that the Chiricahuas never relaxed vigilance. -No fires were allowed at night, and all -cooking was done at midday. Sentinels lurked -in every crag, and bands of bold raiders kept -the foot-hills thoroughly explored. Crossing<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_67"></a>[67]</span> -Bávispe, the trail zigzagged up the vertical -slope of a promontory nearly a thousand feet -above the level of the water. Perspiration -streamed from every brow, and mules and -horses panted, sweated, and coughed; but Up! -Up! Up! was the watchword.</p> - -<p>Look out! came the warning cry from those -in the lead, and then those in the rear and -bottom dodged nervously from the trajectory -of rocks dislodged from the parent mass, and, -gathering momentum as each bound hurled -them closer to the bottom of the cañon. To -look upon the country was a grand sensation; -to travel in it, infernal. Away down at the -foot of the mountains the pack-mules could -be discerned—apparently not much bigger than -jack-rabbits,—struggling and panting up the -long, tortuous grade. And yet, up and down -these ridges the Apache scouts, when the idea -seized them, ran like deer.</p> - -<p>One of them gave a low cry, half whisper, -half whistle. Instantly all were on the alert, -and by some indefinable means, the news -flashed through the column that two Chiricahuas -had been sighted a short distance ahead<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_68"></a>[68]</span> -in a side cañon. Before I could write this -down the scouts had stripped to the buff, -placed their clothing in the rocks, and dispatched -ten or twelve of their number in swift -pursuit.</p> - -<p>This proved to be a false alarm, for in an -hour they returned, having caught up with the -supposed Chiricahuas, who were a couple of -our own packers, off the trail, looking for stray -mules.</p> - -<p>When camp was made that afternoon the -Apache scouts had a long conference with -General Crook. They called attention to the -fact that the pack-trains could not keep up -with them, that five mules had been killed on -the trail yesterday, and five others had rolled -off this morning, but been rescued with slight -injuries. They proposed that the pack-trains -and white troops remain in camp at this point, -and in future move so as to be a day’s march -or less behind the Apache scouts, 150 of whom, -under Crawford, Gatewood, and Mackey, with -Al. Zeiber and the other white guides, would -move out well in advance to examine the -country thoroughly in front.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_69"></a>[69]</span></p> - -<p>If they came upon scattered parties of the -hostiles they would attack boldly, kill as many -as they could, and take the rest back, prisoners, -to San Carlos. Should the Chiricahuas -be intrenched in a strong position, they would -engage them, but do nothing rash, until reinforced -by the rest of the command. General -Crook told them they must be careful not to -kill women or children, and that all who surrendered -should be taken back to the reservation -and made to work for their own living like -white people.</p> - -<p>Animation and bustle prevailed everywhere; -small fires were burning in secluded nooks, and -upon the bright embers the scouts baked quantities -of bread to be carried with them. Some -ground coffee on flat stones; others examined -their weapons critically and cleaned their cartridges. -Those whose moccasins needed repair -sewed and patched them, while the more cleanly -and more religious indulged in the sweat-bath, -which has a semi-sacred character on such occasions.</p> - -<p>A strong detachment of packers, soldiers, and -Apaches climbed the mountains to the south,<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_70"></a>[70]</span> -and reached the locality in the foot-hills where -the Mexicans and Chiricahuas had recently had -an engagement. Judging by signs it would -appear conclusive that the Indians had enticed -the Mexicans into an ambuscade, killed a number -with bullets and rocks, and put the rest to -ignominious flight. The “medicine-men” had -another song and pow-wow after dark. Before -they adjourned it was announced that in two -days, counting from the morrow, the scouts -would find the Chiricahuas, and in three days -kill a “heap.”</p> - -<p>On May 11, 1883 (Friday), one hundred and -fifty Apache scouts, under the officers above -named, with Zeiber, “Mickey Free,” Severiano, -Archie McIntosh, and Sam Bowman, started -from camp, on foot, at daybreak. Each carried -on his person four days’ rations, a canteen, 100 -rounds of ammunition, and a blanket. Those -who were to remain in camp picketed the three -high peaks overlooking it, and from which half -a dozen Chiricahuas could offer serious annoyance. -Most of those not on guard went down -to the water, bathed, and washed clothes. The -severe climbing up and down rough mountains,<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_71"></a>[71]</span> -slipping, falling, and rolling in dust and clay, -had blackened most of us like negroes.</p> - -<p>Chiricahua ponies had been picked up in -numbers, four coming down the mountains of -their own accord, to join our herds; and altogether, -twenty were by this date in camp. The -suggestions of the locality were rather peaceful -in type; lovely blue humming-birds flitted from -bush to bush, and two Apache doll-babies lay -upon the ground.</p> - -<p>Just as the sun was sinking behind the hills -in the west, a runner came back with a note -from Crawford, saying there was a fine camping -place twelve or fifteen miles across the -mountains to the south-east, with plenty of -wood, water, and grass.</p> - -<p>For the ensuing three days the white soldiers -and pack-trains cautiously followed in the footsteps -of Crawford and the scouts, keeping a -sufficient interval between the two bodies to -insure thorough investigation of the rough -country in front. The trail did not improve -very much, although after the summit of a -high, grassy plateau had been gained, there was -easy traveling for several leagues. Pine-trees<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_72"></a>[72]</span> -of majestic proportions covered the mountain-tops, -and there was the usual thickness of -scrub-oak on the lower elevations. By the side -of the trail, either thrown away or else <em>cachéd</em> -in the trees, were quantities of goods left by -the Chiricahuas—calico, clothing, buckskin, -horse-hides, beef-hides, dried meat, and things -of that nature. The nights were very cool, the -days bright and warm. The Bávispe and its -tributaries were a succession of deep tanks of -glassy, pure water, in which all our people -bathed on every opportunity. The scouts -escorting the pack-trains gathered in another -score of stray ponies and mules, and were encouraged -by another note sent back by Crawford, -saying that he had passed the site of -a Chiricahua village of ninety-eight <em>wickyups</em> -(huts), that the enemy had a great drove of -horses and cattle, and that the presence of -Americans or Apache scouts in the country -was yet undreamed of.</p> - -<p>Additional rations were pushed ahead to -Crawford and his command, the pack-trains -in rear taking their own time to march. -There was an abundance of wood in the forest,<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_73"></a>[73]</span> -grass grew in sufficiency, and the Bávispe -yielded water enough for a great army. The -stream was so clear that it was a pleasure to -count the pebbles at the bottom and to watch -the graceful fishes swimming within the -shadow of moss-grown rocks. The current -was so deep that, sinking slowly, with uplifted -arms, one was not always able to touch -bottom with the toes, and so wide that twenty -good, nervous strokes barely sufficed to propel -the swimmer from shore to shore. The water -was soft, cool, and refreshing, and a plunge -beneath its ripples smoothed away the wrinkles -of care.</p> - -<p>On May 15, 1883, we climbed and marched -ten or twelve miles to the south-east, crossing -a piece of country recently burned over, the -air, filled with soot and hot dust, blackening -and blistering our faces. Many more old ruins -were passed and scores of walls of masonry. -The trail was slightly improved, but still bad -enough; the soil, a half-disintegrated, reddish -feldspar, with thin seams of quartz crystals. -There were also granite, sandstone, shale, quartzite, -and round masses of basalt. In the bottoms<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_74"></a>[74]</span> -of the cañons were all kinds of “float”—granite, -basalt, sandstone, porphyry, schist, -limestone, etc.; but no matter what the kind -of rock was, when struck upon the hill-sides it -was almost invariably split and broken, and -grievously retarded the advance.</p> - - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter"> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_75"></a>[75]</span><br /></p> - -<h2 class="p2 nobreak" id="III">III.</h2> -</div> - - -<p>About noon of the 15th we had descended -into a small box cañon, where we were met by -two white men (packers) and nine Apache -scouts.</p> - -<p>They had come back from Crawford with -news for which all were prepared. The enemy -was close in our front, and fighting might begin -at any moment. The scouts in advance -had picked up numbers of ponies, mules, burros, -and cattle. This conversation was broken -by the sudden arrival of an Apache runner, -who had come six miles over the mountains in -less than an hour. He reached us at 1.05, and -handed General Crook a note, dated 12.15, stating -that the advance-guard had run across the -Chiricahuas this morning in a cañon, and had -become much excited. Two Chiricahuas were -fired at, two bucks and a squaw, by scouts, -which action had alarmed the hostiles, and -their camp was on the move. Crawford would<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_76"></a>[76]</span> -pursue with all possible rapidity. At the same -moment reports of distant musketry-firing were -borne across the hills. Crawford was fighting -the Chiricahuas! There could be no doubt -about that; but exactly how many he had -found, and what luck he was having, no one -could tell. General Crook ordered Chaffee to -mount his men, and everybody to be in readiness -to move forward to Crawford’s support, if -necessary. The firing continued for a time, and -then grew feeble and died away.</p> - -<p>All were anxious for a fight which should -bring this Chiricahua trouble to an end; we -had an abundance of ammunition and a sufficiency -of rations for a pursuit of several days -and nights, the moon being at its full.</p> - -<p>Shortly after dark Crawford and his command -came into camp. They had “jumped” -“Bonito’s” and “Chato’s” <i lang="es" xml:lang="es">rancherías</i>, killing -nine and capturing five—two boys, two girls, -and one young woman, the daughter of -“Bonito,” without loss to our side. From the -<ins class="corr" id="tn-76" title="Transcriber’s Note—Original text: 'dead Chiracahuas'"> -dead Chiricahuas</ins> had been taken four nickel-plated, -breech-loading Winchester repeating -rifles, and one Colt’s revolver, new model. The<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_77"></a>[77]</span> -Chiricahuas had been pursued across a fearfully -broken country, gashed with countless -ravines, and shrouded with a heavy growth of -pine and scrub-oak. How many had been -killed and wounded could never be definitely -known, the meagre official report, submitted by -Captain Crawford, being of necessity confined -to figures known to be exact. Although the -impetuosity of the younger scouts had precipitated -the engagement and somewhat impaired -its effect, yet this little skirmish demonstrated -two things to the hostile Chiricahuas; their -old friends and relatives from the San Carlos -had invaded their strongholds as the allies of -the white men, and could be depended upon -to fight, whether backed up by white soldiers -or not. The scouts next destroyed the village, -consisting of thirty <em>wickyups</em>, disposed in -two clusters, and carried off all the animals, -loading down forty-seven of them with plunder. -This included the traditional riffraff of -an Indian village: saddles, bridles, meat, mescal, -blankets, and clothing, with occasional -prizes of much greater value, originally stolen -by the Chiricahuas in raids upon Mexicans or<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_78"></a>[78]</span> -Americans. There were several gold and silver -watches, a couple of albums, and a considerable -sum of money—Mexican and American -coin and paper. The captives behaved with -great coolness and self-possession, considering -their tender years. The eldest said that her -people had been astounded and dismayed when -they saw the long line of Apache scouts rushing -in upon them; they would be still more -disconcerted when they learned that our guide -was “Peaches,” as familiar as themselves with -every nook in strongholds so long regarded as -inaccessible. Nearly all the Chiricahua warriors -were absent raiding in Sonora and Chihuahua. -This young squaw was positive that -the Chiricahuas would give up without further -fighting, since the Americans had secured all -the advantages of position. “Loco” and “Chihuahua,” -she knew, would be glad to live -peaceably upon the reservation, if justly treated; -“Hieronymo” and “Chato” she wasn’t -sure about. “Ju” was defiant, but none of his -bands were left alive. Most important information -of all, she said that in the <i lang="es" xml:lang="es">ranchería</i> just -destroyed was a little white boy about six<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_79"></a>[79]</span> -years old, called “Charlie,” captured by -“Chato” in his recent raid in Arizona. This -boy had run away with the old squaws when -the advance of the Apache scouts had been first -detected. She said that if allowed to go out -she would in less than two days bring in the -whole band, and Charlie (McComas) with them. -All that night the lofty peak, the scene of the -action, blazed with fire from the burning <i lang="es" xml:lang="es">ranchería</i>. -Rain-clouds gathered in the sky, and, -after hours of threatening, broke into a severe -but brief shower about sunrise next morning (May 15).</p> - -<div class="figcenter illowp70" id="i104" style="max-width: 35em;"> - <img class="w100" src="images/i104.jpg" alt="" /> - <div class="caption">APACHE GIRL WITH TYPICAL DRESS.</div> -</div> - -<p>The young woman was given a little hard -bread and meat, enough to last two days, and -allowed to go off, taking with her the elder of -the boy captives. The others stayed with us and -were kindly treated. They were given all the -baked mescal they could eat and a sufficiency -of bread and meat. The eldest busied herself -with basting a skirt, but, like another Penelope, -as fast as her work was done she ripped it up -and began anew—apparently afraid that idleness -would entail punishment. The younger -girl sobbed convulsively, but her little brother,<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_80"></a>[80]</span> -a handsome brat, gazed stolidly at the world -through eyes as big as oysters and as black as jet.</p> - -<p>Later in the morning, after the fitful showers -had turned into a blinding, soaking rain, the -Apache scouts made for these young captives a -little shelter of branches and a bed of boughs -and dry grass. Pickets were thrown out to -watch the country on all sides and seize upon -any stray Chiricahua coming unsuspectingly -within their reach. The rain continued with -exasperating persistency all day. The night -cleared off bitter cold and water froze in pails -and kettles. The command moved out from -this place, going to another and better location -a few miles south-east. The first lofty ridge -had been scaled, when we descried on the summit -of a prominent knoll directly in our front a -thin curl of smoke wreathing upwards. This -was immediately answered by the scouts, who -heaped up pine-cones and cedar branches, -which, in a second after ignition, shot a bold, -black, resinous signal above the tops of the -loftiest pines.</p> - -<p>Five miles up and down mountains of no -great height but of great asperity led to a fine<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_81"></a>[81]</span> -camping-place, at the junction of two well-watered -cañons, near which grew pine, oak, and -cedar in plenty, and an abundance of rich, -juicy grasses. The Apache scouts sent up a -second smoke signal, promptly responded to -from a neighboring butte. A couple of minutes -after two squaws were seen threading their -way down through the timber and rocks and -yelling with full voice. They were the sisters -of Tô-klani (Plenty Water), one of the scouts. -They said that they had lost heavily in the -fight, and that while endeavoring to escape -over the rocks and ravines and through the -timber the fire of the scouts had played havoc -among them. They fully confirmed all that -the captives had said about Charlie McComas. -Two hours had scarcely passed when six other -women had come in, approaching the pickets -two and two, and waving white rags. One of -these, the sister of “Chihuahua”—a prominent -man among the Chiricahuas—said that her -brother wanted to come in, and was trying to -gather up his band, which had scattered like -sheep after the fight; he might be looked for -in our camp at any moment.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_82"></a>[82]</span></p> - -<p>On the 18th (May, 1883), before 8.30 <span class="allsmcap">A.M.</span>, -six new arrivals were reported—four squaws, -one buck and a boy. Close upon their heels followed -sixteen others—men, women, and young -children. In this band was “Chihuahua” -himself, a fine-looking man, whose countenance -betokened great decision and courage.</p> - -<p>This chief expressed to General Crook his -earnest desire for peace, and acknowledged that -all the Chiricahuas could hope to do in the -future would be to prolong the contest a few -weeks and defer their destruction. He was -tired of fighting. His village had been destroyed -and all his property was in our hands. -He wished to surrender his band just as soon -as he could gather it together. “Hieronymo,” -“Chato,” and nearly all the warriors were absent, -fighting the Mexicans, but he (“Chihuahua”) -had sent runners out to gather up his -band and tell his people they must surrender, -without reference to what the others -did.</p> - -<p>Before night forty-five Chiricahuas had come -in—men, women, and children. “Chihuahua” -asked permission to go out with two young<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_83"></a>[83]</span> -men and hurry his people in. This was -granted. He promised to return without any -delay. The women of the Chiricahuas showed -the wear and tear of a rugged mountain life, -and the anxieties and disquietudes of a rugged -Ishmaelitish war. The children were models -of grace and beauty, which revealed themselves -through dirt and rags.</p> - -<p>On May 19, 1883, camp was moved five of -six miles to a position giving the usual abundance -of water and rather better grass. It was -a small park in the centre of a thick growth of -young pines. Upon unsaddling, the Chiricahuas -were counted, and found to number seventy, -which total before noon had swollen to -an even hundred, not including “Chihuahua” -and those gone back with him.</p> - -<p>The Chiricahuas were reserved, but good-humored. -Several of them spoke Spanish -fluently. Rations were issued in small quantity, -ponies being killed for meat. Two or -three of the Indians bore fresh bullet-wounds -from the late fight. On the succeeding evening, -May 20, 1883, the Chiricahuas were again -numbered at breakfast. They had increased to<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_84"></a>[84]</span> -121—sixty being women and girls, the remainder, -old men, young men, and boys.</p> - -<p>All said that “Chihuahua” and his comrades -were hard at work gathering the tribe together -and sending them in.</p> - -<p>Toward eight o’clock a fearful hubbub was -heard in the tall cliffs overlooking camp; Indians -fully armed could be descried running -about from crag to crag, evidently much perplexed -and uncertain what to do. They began -to interchange cries with those in our midst, -and, after a brief interval, a couple of old -squaws ventured down the face of the precipice, -followed at irregular distances by warriors, -who hid themselves in the rocks half-way -down.</p> - -<p>They asked whether they were to be hurt if -they came in.</p> - -<p>One of the scouts and one of the Chiricahuas -went out to them to say that it made no difference -whether they came in or not; that “Chihuahua” -and all his people had surrendered, -and that if these new arrivals came in during -the day they should not be harmed; that until -“Chihuahua” and the last of his band had had<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_85"></a>[85]</span> -a chance to come in and bring Charlie McComas -hostilities should be suspended. The Chiricahuas -were still fearful of treachery and hung -like hawks or vultures to the protecting shadows -of inaccessible pinnacles one thousand feet -above our position. Gradually their fears wore -off, and in parties of two and three, by various -trails, they made their way to General Crook’s -fire. They were a band of thirty-six warriors, -led by “Hieronymo,” who had just returned -from a bloody foray in Chihuahua. “Hieronymo” -expressed a desire to have a talk; but -General Crook declined to have anything to do -with him or his party beyond saying that they -had now an opportunity to see for themselves -that their own people were against them; that -we had penetrated to places vaunted as impregnable; -that the Mexicans were coming in from -all sides; and that “Hieronymo” could make -up his mind for peace or war just as he chose.</p> - -<p>This reply disconcerted “Hieronymo;” he -waited for an hour, to resume the conversation, -but received no encouragement. He and his -warriors were certainly as fine-looking a lot of -pirates as ever cut a throat or scuttled a ship;<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_86"></a>[86]</span> -not one among them who was not able to travel -forty to fifty miles a day over these gloomy -precipices and along these gloomy cañons. In -muscular development, lung and heart power, -they were, without exception, the finest body -of human beings I had ever looked upon. Each -was armed with a breech-loading Winchester; -most had nickel-plated revolvers of the latest -pattern, and a few had also bows and lances. -They soon began to talk with the Apache -scouts, who improved the occasion to inform them -that not only had they come down with General -Crook, but that from both Sonora and -Chihuahua Mexican soldiers might be looked -for in swarms.</p> - -<p>“Hieronymo” was much humbled by this, -and went a second time to General Crook to -have a talk. He assured him that he had always -wanted to be at peace, but that he had -been as much sinned against as sinning; that he -had been ill-treated at the San Carlos and driven -away; that the Mexicans had been most treacherous -in their dealings with his people, and that -he couldn’t believe a word they said. They had -made war upon his women and children, but<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_87"></a>[87]</span> -had run like coyotes from his soldiers. He had -been trying to open communications with the -Mexican generals in Chihuahua to arrange for -an exchange of prisoners. If General Crook -would let him go back to San Carlos, and guarantee -him just treatment, he would gladly work -for his own living, and follow the path of peace. -He simply asked for a trial; if he could not -make peace, he and his men would die in these -mountains, fighting to the last. He was not a -bit afraid of Mexicans alone; but he could not -hope to prolong a contest with Mexicans and -Americans united, in these ranges, and with so -many Apache allies assisting them. General -Crook said but little; it amounted to this: that -“Hieronymo” could make up his mind as to -what he wanted, peace or war.</p> - -<p>May 21st was one of the busiest days of the -expedition. “Hieronymo,” at early dawn, came -to see General Crook, and told him he wished for -peace. He earnestly promised amendment, and -begged to be taken back to San Carlos. He -asked permission to get all his people together, -and said he had sent some of his young men off -to hurry them in from all points. He could not<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_88"></a>[88]</span> -get them to answer his signals, as they imagined -them to be made by Apache scouts trying to -ensnare them. Chiricahuas were coming in all -the morning,—all ages, and both sexes,—sent in -by “Chihuahua” and his party; most of these -were mounted on good ponies, and all drove -pack and loose animals before them. Early in -the day there was seen winding through the pine -timber a curious procession,—mostly young warriors, -of an aggregate of thirty-eight souls,—driving -steers and work cattle, and riding ponies -and burros. All these were armed with Winchester -and Springfield breech-loaders, with revolvers -and lances whose blades were old cavalry -sabres. The little boys carried revolvers, lances, -and bows and arrows. This was the band of -Kaw-tenné (Looking-Glass), a young chief, who -claimed to be a Mexican Apache and to belong -to the Sierra Madre, in whose recesses he had -been born and raised.</p> - -<div class="figcenter illowp100" id="i115" style="max-width: 40em;"> - <img class="w100" src="images/i115.jpg" alt="" /> - <div class="caption">APACHE WARFARE.</div> -</div> - -<p>The question of feeding all these mouths was -getting to be a very serious one. We had started -out with sixty days’ supplies, one-third of which -had been consumed by our own command, and -a considerable percentage lost or damaged when<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_89"></a>[89]</span> -mules rolled over the precipices. The great -heat of the sun had melted much bacon, and -there was the usual wastage incident to movements -in campaign. Stringent orders were given -to limit issues to the lowest possible amount; -while the Chiricahuas were told that they must -cut and roast all the mescal to be found, and -kill such cattle and ponies as could be spared. -The Chiricahua young men assumed the duty -of butchering the meat. Standing within five -or six feet of a steer, a young buck would prod -the doomed beast one lightning lance-thrust -immediately behind the left fore-shoulder, and, -with no noise other than a single bellow of fear -and agony, the beef would fall forward upon its -knees, dead.</p> - -<p>Camp at this period presented a medley of -noises not often found united under a military -standard. Horses were neighing, mules braying, -and bells jingling, as the herds were brought -in to be groomed. The ring of axes against the -trunks of stout pines and oaks, the hum of voices, -the squalling of babies, the silvery laughter of -children at play, and the occasional music of an -Apache fiddle or flute, combined in a pleasant<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_90"></a>[90]</span> -discord which left the listener uncertain whether -he was in the bivouac of grim-visaged war or -among a band of school-children. Our Apache -scouts—the Tontos especially—treated the Chiricahuas -with dignified reserve: the Sierra Blancas -(White Mountain) had intermarried with -them, and were naturally more familiar, but all -watched their rifles and cartridges very carefully -to guard against treachery. The squaws -kept at work, jerking and cooking meat and -mescal for consumption on the way back to San -Carlos. The entrails were the coveted portions, -for the possession of which the more greedy or -more muscular fought with frequency.</p> - -<p>Two of these copper-skinned “ladies” engaged -in a pitched battle; they rushed for each other -like a couple of infuriated Texas steers; hair -flew, blood dripped from battered noses, and -two “human forms divine” were scratched and -torn by sharp nails accustomed to this mode of -warfare. The old squaws chattered and gabbled, -little children screamed and ran, warriors -stood in a ring, and from a respectful distance -gazed stolidly upon the affray. No one dared -to interfere. There is no tiger more dangerous<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_91"></a>[91]</span> -than an infuriated squaw; she’s a fiend incarnate. -The packers and soldiers looked on, discussing -the “points” of the belligerents. “The little -one’s built like a hired man,” remarks one critic. -“Ya-as; but the old un’s a <em>He</em>, and doan’ you -forgit it.” Two rounds settled the battle in -favor of the older contestant, although the -younger remained on the ground, her bleeding -nostrils snorting defiance, her eyes blazing fire, -and her tongue volleying forth Apache imprecations.</p> - -<p>But all interest was withdrawn from this -spectacle and converged upon a file of five -wretched, broken-down Mexican women, one of -whom bore a nursing baby, who had come within -the boundaries of our camp and stood in -mute terror, wonder, joy, and hope, unable to -realize that they were free. They were a party -of captives seized by “Hieronymo” in his last -raid into Chihuahua. When washed, rested, -and fed a small amount of food, they told a long, -rambling story, which is here condensed: They -were the wives of Mexican soldiers captured -near one of the stations of the Mexican Central -Railway just two weeks previously. Originally<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_92"></a>[92]</span> -there had been six in the party, but “Hieronymo” -had sent back the oldest and feeblest with -a letter to the Mexican general, saying that he -wanted to make peace with the whites, and -would do so, provided the Mexicans returned -the Apache women and children held prisoners -by them; if they refused, he would steal all the -Mexican women and children he could lay hands -on, and keep them as hostages, and would continue -the war until he had made Sonora and -Chihuahua a desert. The women went on to -say that the greatest terror prevailed in Chihuahua -at the mere mention of the name of -“Hieronymo,” whom the peasantry believed to -be the devil, sent to punish them for their sins.</p> - -<p>“Hieronymo” had killed the Mexican soldiers -with rocks, telling his warriors he had no -ammunition to waste upon Mexicans. The -women had suffered incredible torture climbing -the rough skirts of lofty ranges, fording deep -streams of icy-cold water, and breaking through -morasses, jungles and forests. Their garments -had been rent into rags by briars and brambles, -feet and ankles scratched, torn, and swollen by -contusions from sharp rocks. They said that<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_93"></a>[93]</span> -when “Hieronymo” had returned to the heart -of the mountains, and had come upon one of -our lately abandoned camps, his dismay was -curious to witness. The Chiricahuas with him -made a hurried but searching examination of -the neighborhood, satisfied themselves that their -enemies—the Americans—had gained access to -their strongholds, and that they had with them -a multitude of Apache scouts, and then started -away in the direction of our present bivouac, -paying no further heed to the captured women -or to the hundreds of stolen stock they were -driving away from Chihuahua. It may be well -to anticipate a little, and say that the cattle in -question drifted out on the back trail, getting -into the foot-hills and falling into the hands of -the Mexicans in pursuit, who claimed their -usual wonderful “victory.” The women did -not dare to turn back, and, uncertain what -course to pursue, stayed quietly by the half-dead -embers of our old camp-fires, gathering up a -few odds and ends of rags with which to cover -their nakedness; and of castaway food, which -they devoured with the voracity of famished -wolves. When morning dawned they arose,<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_94"></a>[94]</span> -half frozen, from the couches they had made, -and staggered along in the direction taken by -the fleeing Chiricahuas, whom, as already narrated, -they followed to where they now were.</p> - -<p>And now they were free! Great God! -Could it be possible?</p> - -<p>The gratitude of these poor, ignorant, broken-down -creatures welled forth in praise and glorification -to God. “Praise be to the All-Powerful -God!” ejaculated one. “And to the most -Holy Sacrament!” echoed her companions. -“Thanks to our Blessed Lady of Guadalupe!” -“And to the most Holy Mary, Virgin of Soledad, -who has taken pity upon us!” It brought -tears to the eyes of the stoutest veterans to -witness this line of unfortunates, reminding us -of our mothers, wives, sisters, and daughters. -All possible kindness and attention were shown -them.</p> - -<p>The reaction came very near upsetting two, -who became hysterical from over-excitement, -and could not be assured that the Chiricahuas -were not going to take them away. They did -not recover their natural composure until the -expedition had crossed the boundary line.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_95"></a>[95]</span></p> - -<p>“Hieronymo” had another interview with -General Crook, whom he assured he wanted to -make a peace to last forever. General Crook -replied that “Hieronymo” had waged such -bloody war upon our people and the Mexicans -that he did not care to let him go back to San -Carlos; a howl would be raised against any -man who dared to grant terms to an outlaw for -whose head two nations clamored. If “Hieronymo” -were willing to lay down his arms and -go to work at farming, General Crook would -allow him to go back; otherwise the best thing -he could do would be to remain just where he -was and fight it out.</p> - -<p>“I am not taking your arms from you,” said -the General, “because I am not afraid of you -with them. You have been allowed to go -about camp freely, merely to let you see that -we have strength enough to exterminate you if -we want to; and you have seen with your own -eyes how many Apaches are fighting on our -side and against you. In making peace with -the Americans, you must also be understood as -making peace with the Mexicans, and also that -you are not to be fed in idleness, but set to<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_96"></a>[96]</span> -work at farming or herding, and make your -own living.”</p> - -<p>“Hieronymo,” in his reply, made known his -contempt for the Mexicans, asserted that he -had whipped them every time, and in the last -fight with them hadn’t lost a man. He would -go to the San Carlos with General Crook and -work at farming or anything else. All he asked -for was fair play. He contended that it was -unfair to start back to the San Carlos at that -time, when his people were scattered like quail, -and when the women and children now in our -hands were without food or means of transportation. -The old and the little ones could -not walk. The Chiricahuas had many ponies -and donkeys grazing in the different cañons. -Why not remain one week longer? “Loco” -and all the other Chiricahuas would then have -arrived; all the ponies would be gathered up; -a plenty of mescal and pony-meat on hand, and -the march could be made securely and safely. -But if General Crook left the Sierra Madre, the -Mexicans would come in to catch and kill the -remnant of the band, with whom “Hieronymo,” -would cast his fortunes.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_97"></a>[97]</span></p> - -<p>General Crook acknowledged the justice of -much which “Hieronymo” had said, but declined -to take any action not in strict accord -with the terms of the convention. He would -now move back slowly, so as not to crowd the -young and feeble too much; they should have -time to finish roasting mescal, and most of those -now out could catch up with the column; but -those who did not would have to take the -chances of reaching San Carlos in safety.</p> - -<p>“Hieronymo” reiterated his desire for peace; -said that he himself would start out to gather -and bring in the remnants of his people, and -he would cause the most diligent search to be -made for Charlie McComas. If possible, he -would join the Americans before they got out -of the Sierra Madre. If not, he would make -his way to the San Carlos as soon as this could -be done without danger; “but,” concluded he, -“I will remain here until I have gathered up -the last man, woman, and child of the Chiricahuas.”</p> - -<p>All night long the Chiricahuas and the -Apache scouts danced together in sign of peace -and good-will. The drums were camp-kettles<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_98"></a>[98]</span> -partly filled with water and covered tightly -with a well-soaked piece of calico. The drumsticks -were willow saplings curved into a hoop -at one extremity. The beats recorded one hundred -to the minute, and were the same dull, -solemn thump which scared Cortés <ins class="corr" id="tn-98" title="Transcriber’s Note—Original text: 'and his beleagured'"> -and his beleaguered</ins> followers during <i lang="es" xml:lang="es">la Noche triste</i>. -No Caucasian would refer to it as music; -nevertheless, it had a fascination all its own -comparable to the whirr-r-r of a rattlesnake. -And so the song, chanted to the measure of the -drumming, had about it a weird harmony which -held listeners spell-bound. When the dance -began, two old hags, white-haired and stiff with -age, pranced in the centre of the ring, warming -up under the stimulus of the chorus until they -became lively as crickets. With them were -two or three naked boys of very tender years. -The ring itself included as many as two hundred -Indians of both sexes, whose varied costumes -of glittering hues made a strange setting -to the scene as the dancers shuffled and sang -in the silvery rays of the moon and the flickering -light of the camp-fires.</p> - -<p>On May 23, 1883, rations were issued to 220<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_99"></a>[99]</span> -Chiricahuas, and, soon after, Nané, one of the -most noted and influential of the Chiricahua -chiefs, rode into camp with seventeen of his -people. He has a strong face, marked with intelligence, -courage, and good nature, but with -an under stratum of cruelty and vindictiveness. -He has received many wounds in his countless -fights with the whites, and limps very perceptibly -in one leg. He reported that Chiricahuas -were coming in by every trail, and that all -would go to the San Carlos as soon as they -collected their families.</p> - -<p>On the 24th of May the march back to the -San Carlos began. All the old Chiricahuas -were piled on mules, donkeys, and ponies; so -were the weak little children and feeble women. -The great majority streamed along on foot, -nearly all wearing garlands of cotton-wood -foliage to screen them from the sun. The distance -travelled was not great, and camp was -made by noon.</p> - -<p>The scene at the Bávispe River was wonderfully -picturesque. Sit down on this flat rock -and feast your eyes upon the silver waves flashing -in the sun. Don’t scare that little girl who<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_100"></a>[100]</span> -is about to give her baby brother a much-needed -bath. The little dusky brat—all eyes—is -looking furtively at you and ready to -bawl if you draw nearer. Opposite are two -old crones filling <em>ollas</em> (jugs or jars) of basket-work, -rendered fully water-proof by a coating -of either mesquite or piñon pitch. Alongside -of them are two others, who are utilizing the -entrails of a cow for the same purpose. The -splash and yell on your right, as you correctly -divine, come from an Apache “Tom Sawyer,” -who will one day mount the gallows. The -friendly greeting and request for “tobacco -shmoke” are proffered by one of the boys, who -has kindly been eating a big portion of your -meals for several days past, and feels so friendly -toward you that he announces himself in a -pleasant, off-hand sort of way as your “<em>Sikisn</em>” -(brother). Behind you are grouped Apache -scouts, whose heads are encircled with red flannel -bandages, and whose rifles and cartridges -are never laid aside. Horses and mules plunge -belly-deep into the sparkling current; soldiers -come and go, some to drink, some to get buckets -filled with water, and some to soak neck,<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_101"></a>[101]</span> -face, and hands, before going back to dinner.</p> - -<div class="figcenter illowp70" id="i129" style="max-width: 35em;"> - <img class="w100" src="images/i129.jpg" alt="" /> - <div class="caption">APACHE BASKET-WORK.</div> -</div> - -<p>In this camp we remained several days. The -old and young squaws had cut and dried large -packages of “jerked” beef, and had brought -down from the hill-sides donkey-loads of mescal -heads, which were piled in ovens of hot stones -covered with wet grass and clay. The process -of roasting, or rather steaming, mescal takes -from three to four days, and resembles somewhat -the mode of baking clams in New England. -The Apache scouts passed the time -agreeably enough in gambling with the Chiricahuas, -whom they fleeced unmercifully, winning -hundreds of dollars in gold, silver, and -paper at the games of <em>monte</em>, <em>conquien</em>, <em>tzi-chis</em>, -and <em>mushka</em>.</p> - -<p>The attractive pools of the Bávispe wooed -groups of white soldiers and packers, and -nearly the whole strength of the Chiricahua -women and children, who disported in the refreshing -waters with the agility and grace of -nereids and tritons. The modesty of the -Apaches of both sexes, under all circumstances, -is praiseworthy.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_102"></a>[102]</span></p> - -<p>“Chato” and “Loco” told General Crook -this morning that “Hieronymo” had sent them -back to say that the Chiricahuas were very -much scattered since the fight, and that he had -not been as successful as he anticipated in getting -them united and in corraling their herds of -ponies. They did not want to leave a single -one of their people behind, and urged General -Crook to stay in his present camp for a week -longer, if possible. “Loco,” for his part, expressed -himself as anxious for peace. He had -never wished to leave San Carlos. He wanted -to go back there and obtain a little farm, and -own cattle and horses, as he once did. Here it -may be proper to say that all the chiefs of the -Chiricahuas—“Hieronymo,” “Loco,” “Chato,” -“Nané,” “Bonito,” “Chihuahua,” “Maugas,” -“Zelé,” and “Kan-tenné”—are men of noticeable -brain power, physically perfect and mentally -acute—just the individuals to lead a forlorn -hope in the face of every obstacle.</p> - -<p>The Chiricahua children, who had become -tired of swimming, played at a new sport to-day, -a mimic game of war, a school of practice -analogous to that established by old Fagan for<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_103"></a>[103]</span> -the instruction of young London pickpockets. -Three boys took the lead, and represented Mexicans, -who endeavored to outrun, hide from, or -elude their pursuers, who trailed them to their -covert, surrounded it, and poured in a flight of -arrows. One was left for dead, stretched upon -the ground, and the other two were seized and -carried into captivity. The fun became very -exciting, so much so that the corpse, ignoring -the proprieties, raised itself up to see how the -battle sped.</p> - -<p>In such sports, in such constant exercise, -swimming, riding, running up and down the -steepest and most slippery mountains, the -Apache passes his boyish years. No wonder -his bones are of iron, his sinews of wire, his -muscles of India-rubber.</p> - -<p>On May 27, 1883, the Chiricahuas had finished -roasting enough mescal to last them to -the San Carlos. One of the Apache scouts -came running in very much excited. He told -his story to the effect that, while hunting some -distance to the north, he had discovered a large -body of Mexican soldiers; they were driving -back the band of cattle run off by “Hieronymo,”<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_104"></a>[104]</span> -and previously referred to. The scout -tried to communicate with the Mexicans, who -imagined him to be a hostile Indian, and fired -three shots at him. Lieutenant Forsyth, Al. -Zeiber, and a small detachment of white and -Indian soldiers started out to overtake the -Mexicans. This they were unable to do, although -they went some fifteen miles.</p> - -<p>On the 28th, 29th, and 30th of May the -march was continued back toward the San -Carlos. The rate of progress was very slow, -the Mexican captives not being able to ride -any great distance along the rough trails, and -several of our men being sick. Two of the -scouts were so far gone with pneumonia that -their death was predicted every hour, in spite -of the assurances of the “medicine-men” that -their incantations would bring them through all -right. “Hieronymo,” “Chato,” “Kan-tenné,” -and “Chihuahua” came back late on the night -of the 28th, leading a large body of 116 of -their people, making an aggregate of 384 in -camp on the 29th.</p> - -<p>On the 30th, after a march, quite long under -the circumstances,—fifteen to eighteen miles,—we<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_105"></a>[105]</span> -crossed the main “divide” of the Sierra -Madre at an altitude of something over 8,000 -feet. The pine timber was large and dense, -and much of it on fire, the smoke and heat -parching our throats, and blackening our faces.</p> - -<p>With this pine grew a little mescal and a -respectable amount of the <i lang="es" xml:lang="es">madroña</i>, or mountain -mahogany. Two or three deer were killed -by the Apache scouts, and as many turkeys; -trout were visible in all the streams. The line -of march was prolific in mineral formations,—basalt, -lava, sandstone, granite, and limestone. -The day the command descended the Chihuahua -side of the range it struck the trail of a -large body of Mexican troops, and saw an inscription -cut into the bark of a mahogany stating -that the Eleventh Battalion had been here -on the 21st of May.</p> - -<p>The itinerary of the remainder of the homeward -march may be greatly condensed. The -line of travel lay on the Chihuahua side and -close to the summit of the range. The country -was extremely rough, cut up with rocky -cañons beyond number and ravines of great -depth, all flowing with water. Pine forests covered<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_106"></a>[106]</span> -all the elevated ridges, but the cañons and -lower foot-hills had vegetation of a different -character: oak, juniper, maple, willow, rose, and -blackberry bushes, and strawberry vines. The -weather continued almost as previously described,—the -days clear and serene, the nights -bitter cold, with ice forming in pails and kettles -on the 2d and 3d of June. No storms -worthy of mention assailed the command, the -sharp showers that fell two or three times being -welcomed as laying the soot and dust.</p> - -<p>Game was found in abundance,—deer and -turkey. This the Apache scouts were permitted -to shoot and catch, to eke out the -rations which had completely failed, the last -issue being made June 4th. From that date -till June 11th, inclusive, all hands lived upon -the country. The Apaches improved the excellent -opportunity to show their skill as -hunters and their accuracy with fire-arms.</p> - -<div class="figcenter illowp100" id="i138" style="max-width: 40em;"> - <img class="w100" src="images/i138.jpg" alt="" /> - <div class="caption">FIGHTING THE PRAIRIE FIRE.</div> -</div> - -<p>The command was threatened by a great -prairie fire on coming down into the broad -grassy valley of the Janos. Under the impetus -of a fierce wind the flames were rushing -upon camp. There was not a moment to be<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_107"></a>[107]</span> -lost. All hands turned out,—soldiers, scouts, -squaws, Chiricahua warriors, and even children. -Each bore a branch of willow or cotton-wood, -a blanket, or scrap of canvas. The conflagration -had already seized the hill-crest nearest -our position; brownish and gray clouds poured -skyward in compact masses; at their feet a -long line of scarlet flame flashed and leaped -high in air. It was a grand, a terrible sight: -in front was smiling nature, behind, ruin and -desolation. The heat created a vacuum, and -the air, pouring in, made whirlwinds, which -sent the black funnels of soot winding and -twisting with the symmetry of hour-glasses -almost to the zenith. For one moment the -line of fire paused, as if to rest after gaining -the hill-top; it was only a moment. “Here she -comes!” yelled the men on the left; and like -a wild beast flinging high its tawny mane of -cloud and flashing its fangs of flame, the fire -was upon, around, and about us.</p> - -<p>Our people stood bravely up to their work, -and the swish! swish! swish! of willow brooms -proved that camp was not to be surrendered -without a struggle.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_108"></a>[108]</span></p> - -<p>We won the day; that is, we saved camp, -herds, and a small area of pasturage; but over -a vast surface of territory the ruthless flames -swept, mantling the land with soot and an -opaque pall of mist and smoke through which -the sun’s rays could not penetrate. Several -horses and mules were badly burned, but none -to death.</p> - -<p>For two or three nights afterwards the horizon -was gloriously lighted with lines of fire -creeping over the higher ridges. As we debouched -into the broad plain, through which -trickled the shriveled current of the Janos, no -one would have suspected that we were not a -column of Bedouins. A long caravan, stretched -out for a mile upon the trail, resolved itself -upon closer approach into a confused assemblage -of ponies, horses, and mules, with bundles -or without, but in every case freighted with -humanity. Children were packed by twos and -threes, while old women and feeble men got -along as best they could, now riding, now walking. -The scouts had decked themselves with -paint and the Chiricahua women had donned -all their finery of rough silver bracelets, wooden<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_109"></a>[109]</span> -crosses, and saints’ pictures captured from Mexicans. -This undulating plain, in which we now -found ourselves, spread far to the north and -east, and was covered with bunch and grama -grasses, and dotted with cedar.—The march -brought us to Alisos Creek (an affluent of the -Janos), a thousand yards or more above the -spot where the Mexican commander García, -had slaughtered so many Chiricahua women -and children. Human bones, picked white and -clean by coyotes, glistened in the sandy bed of -the stream. Apache baskets and other furniture -were strewn about. A clump of graves -headed by rude crosses betrayed the severity of -the loss inflicted upon the Mexicans.</p> - -<p>Between the 5th and 8th of June we crossed -back (west) into Sonora, going over the asperous -peak known as the Cocospera.</p> - -<p>In this vicinity were many varieties of mineral—granite -gneiss, porphyry, conglomerate, -shale, sandstone, and quartz,—and travel was -as difficult almost as it had been in the earlier -days of the march. We struck the head waters -of Pitisco Creek, in a very rugged cañon, then -Elias Creek, going through another fine game<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_110"></a>[110]</span> -region, and lastly, after crossing a broad tableland -mantled with grama grass, mesquite, Spanish -bayonet, and Palo Verde, mescal, and palmilla, -bivouacked on the San Bernardino river, -close to a tule swamp of blue, slimy mud.</p> - -<p>The scouts plastered their heads with this -mud, and dug up the bulbs of the tule, which, -when roasted, are quite palatable.</p> - -<p>On the 15th of June the command recrossed -the national boundary, and reached Silver -Springs, Arizona, the camp of the reserve under -Colonel Biddle, from whom and from all of -whose officers and men we received the warmest -conceivable welcome. Every disaster had been -predicted and asserted regarding the column, -from which no word had come, directly or indirectly -since May 5th. The Mexican captives -were returned to their own country and the -Chiricahuas marched, under Crawford, to the -San Carlos Agency.</p> - -<p>Unfortunately the papers received at Silver -Springs were full of inflammatory telegrams, -stating that the intention of the government -was to hang all the Chiricahua men, without -distinction, and to parcel out the women and<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_111"></a>[111]</span> -children among tribes in the Indian Territory. -This news, getting among the Chiricahuas, produced -its legitimate result. Several of the -chiefs and many of the head men hid back in -the mountains until they could learn exactly -what was to be their fate. The Mexican troops -went in after them, and had two or three severe -engagements, and were, of course, whipped each -time. When the road was clear the Chiricahuas -kept their promises to the letter, and brought -to the San Carlos the last man, woman, and -child of their people.</p> - -<p>They have been quietly scattered in small -groups around the reservation, the object being -to effect tribal disintegration, to bring individuals -and families face to face with the progress -made by more peaceable Apaches, and at same -time to enable trusted members of the latter -bands to maintain a more perfect surveillance -over every action of the Chiricahuas.</p> - -<p>Charlie McComas was never found; the Chiricahuas -insist, and I think truthfully, that he -was in the <i lang="es" xml:lang="es">ranchería</i> destroyed by Crawford; -that he escaped, terror-stricken, to the depths -of the mountains; that the country was so<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_112"></a>[112]</span> -rough, the timber and brush-wood so thick that -his tracks could not be followed, even had there -not been such a violent fall of rain during the -succeeding nights. All accounts agree in this.</p> - -<p>Altogether the Chiricahuas delivered up -thirteen captives,—women and children,—held -by them as hostages.</p> - - -<p> </p> -<p> </p> -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> -<p> </p> -<p> </p> - -<div class="chapter"></div> -<div class="transnote"> -<a name="TN" id="TN"></a> -<p class="bold">TRANSCRIBER’S NOTE</p> - -<p>Obvious typographical errors and punctuation errors have been -corrected after careful comparison with other occurrences within -the text and consultation of external sources.</p> - -<p>Except for those changes noted below, all misspellings in the text, -and inconsistent or archaic usage, have been retained.</p> - -<p> -<a href="#tn-10">Pg 10</a>: ‘one was suprised’ replaced by ‘one was surprised’.<br /> -<a href="#tn-11">Pg 11</a>: ‘boldness, and sublety’ replaced by ‘boldness, and subtlety’.<br /> -<a href="#tn-14">Pg 14</a>: ‘the Cayote saw’ replaced by ‘the Coyote saw’.<br /> -<a href="#tn-18">Pg 18</a>: ‘the Amercan troops’ replaced by ‘the American troops’.<br /> -<a href="#tn-23">Pg 23</a>: ‘not infreqently the’ replaced by ‘not infrequently the’.<br /> -<a href="#tn-24">Pg 24</a>: ‘or millitary posts’ replaced by ‘or military posts’.<br /> -<a href="#tn-34">Pg 34</a>: ‘like the cayote’ replaced by ‘like the coyote’.<br /> -<a href="#tn-51">Pg 51</a>: ‘constantly patroled’ replaced by ‘constantly patrolled’.<br /> -<a href="#tn-76">Pg 76</a>: ‘dead Chiracahuas’ replaced by ‘dead Chiricahuas’.<br /> -<a href="#tn-98">Pg 98</a>: ‘and his beleagured’ replaced by ‘and his beleaguered’.<br /> -</p> -</div> - -<p> </p> -<hr class="pgx" /> -<p>***END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK AN APACHE CAMPAIGN IN THE SIERRA MADRE***</p> -<p>******* This file should be named 65040-h.htm or 65040-h.zip *******</p> -<p>This and all associated files of various formats will be found in:<br /> -<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/6/5/0/4/65040">http://www.gutenberg.org/6/5/0/4/65040</a></p> -<p> -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will -be renamed.</p> - -<p>Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United -States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. 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