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diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6833f05 --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitattributes @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +* text=auto +*.txt text +*.md text diff --git a/64959-0.txt b/64959-0.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1f8eed7 --- /dev/null +++ b/64959-0.txt @@ -0,0 +1,4423 @@ +The Project Gutenberg eBook of Picturesque Spain, by Kurt Hielscher + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and +most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions +whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms +of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at +www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you will +have to check the laws of the country where you are located before using +this eBook. + +Title: Picturesque Spain + Architecture, landscape, life of the people. + +Author: Kurt Hielscher + +Release Date: Mar 30, 2021 [eBook #64959] + +Language: English + +Produced by: Chuck Greif and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at + http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images + available at The Internet Archive) + +*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK PICTURESQUE SPAIN *** + + + + + + PICTURESQUE SPAIN + + + + + PICTURESQUE SPAIN + + ARCHITECTURE * LANDSCAPE + LIFE OF THE PEOPLE + + BY + K. HIELSCHER + + + T. FISHER UNWIN LTD + LONDON : : ADELPHI TERRACE + + + + + MOST HUMBLY DEDICATED + TO + HIS MAJESTY KING ALFONSO XIII. + OF + SPAIN + + +Spain is one great open-air museum containing the cultural wealth of the +most varied epochs and peoples. On the walls of the Altamira cave is +blazoned that much admired steer painted thousands of years ago by men +of the Ice Age. In Barcelona stand the fantastic buildings of +neo-Castilian present-day art. Celts, Iberians, Romans, Carthaginians, +Moors and Goths have fought and struggled for supremacy in Spain. Of all +this the stones tell us to-day. They are the chronicles. They relate of +bitter strife; of the culture and art aspirations belonging to times +gone by. Much has vanished into dust and ruin. That which has survived +time’s fretting tooth serves as a giant bridge to lead us back to the +past. + +Fate was kind enough to let me spend five years in Spain. Caught there +by the war while engaged in studies, I was cut off from home. I made use +of my involuntary stay to become acquainted with the country in its +furthermost corners. I roved to and fro from the pinnacles of the +Pyrenees to the shores of Tarifa, from the palm forest of Elché to the +forgotten Hurdes inhabitants of Estremadura. + +On all my lonely wanderings I was accompanied by my faithful camera: we +covered over 45000 kilometres together in Spain. We kept our eyes open +diligently. I say we, for in addition to mine was a precious glass eye +in the shape of the Zeiss lens. Whereas my eyes only made me the +intellectual recipient of what we saw, that of my travelling companion +made it a pictorial permanency. I took over 2000 photographs during our +peregrinations. This volume only presents a small selection. It was not +easy to make the final choice. Many a picture had to be omitted to which +I was attached, either for its peculiarity or its character. + +I went at no one’s instigation through Spain but that of my own in +search of the beautiful. I was not guided by any constraining +professional principles. Beautiful art treasures, geographical +peculiarities, enchanting landscapes, interesting customs that attracted +my attention were retained by my camera. I followed the same lines in +making my selections for publication. + +I entitle this volume “Picturesque Spain". Much will be unknown to many. +I begin however with a spot famous throughout the world.--And yet I was +bound to. Like the pilgrim who is drawn to the fabled Fontana Trevi once +he has drunk of its waters, so too was I drawn again and again to +Granada in my wanderings. I believe too that I have succeeded in +presenting the Alhambra from one or two different points of view. Who +indeed could exhaust this well of beauty? + +Nor could I pass heedlessly by Cordoba, Seville and Toledo, for these +towns are starting points.--Finger-posts to unknown Spain. Without these +monuments of ancient times, those parts of Spain situate far from the +high-roads remain an almost insolvable riddle. + +My pictures must speak for me. Those who know how to ask them will find +that they tell much. For this reason I shall limit myself to but a few +initiatory words. They serve to connect the known with the unknown; to +throw light on the paths along which I journeyed in Spain. + +=Granada!= Thy name is music; a joyous chord of beauty! To pass the spring +within thy gateways is to walk the heights of life. + +Spring has cast a shower of blossoms over the town and woven a delicate +green carpet around the Alhambra. How many many centuries has it not +worshipped thus yearly at the feet of the castle? Long ago passionate +Moorish women decorated their raven hair there with rosy almond +blossoms.--It is long since that the glory of those days has departed. +Perhaps this is why the castle walls look down so sadly at the beauty of +this blissful vernal soil. + +Bidding defiance in the grandeur of their strength the towers of the +Alhambra arise. Their fiery red lights skywards like the flames on giant +altars.[A] + +Is it possible that these massive cyclopean walls should hide a +fairy-land? + +Impatiently we climb the castle mount. Reaching an old stone gateway +ornamented with pomegranates, the noise of the streets is left behind as +we enter a yew grove whose ancient giant stems are ivy-grown; blue +myrtle covers the ground, the lights gleam golden through the foliage, +the wind murmurs among the branches, nightingales sing in the boscage, +swallows dart twittering over the tree tops, water hurries babbling down +the hilly slope. + +All this seems like a miracle in Spain so poor in forests. It is as +though another world had opened its gates. + +The great Gate of Judgment is passed, and an inconspicuous door leads to +the Court of the Myrtles. Here one feels surrounded by the spirit of the +Orient. Delicate jasper and alabaster columns support the airy arches +which are swung like lace veils from arcade to arcade. The emerald-green +waters of the fountain gaze dreamily skywards and at all the bright +beauty of the scene. + +Then there is the Court of the Lions, subject of so many songs, with the +filigreed architecture of its covered walks. Enchanting in its delicate +tracery and beauty, it is a fairy-tale, a poem in stone, infinitely +rhythmic with music. And indeed, music is the only language that can +render such beauty. + +The magnificent halls are full of a wealth of ornamentation. The walls +are rainbow-like with the colours of Persian carpets and Cashmere +shawls. Arabic inscriptions are scrolled along these labyrynths of +colour, praising in exalted words the mystic beauty of the halls. One +runs joyously: “God has filled me with such a plentitude of beauty that +even the stars stay in their course enchanted to gaze on me." + +Once beautiful sultanas looked out from the “Seat of Admiration" (as the +Arabs called that jewel of the Alhambra, the Mirador de Daraca,) into +the pretty garden filled with the heavy scent of roses, jasmines and +oleanders. A swaying mass of tangled climbing plants are festooned from +laurel to cypress, and from cypress to orange-tree. In the middle there +is a marvellously delicate fountain basin from the edges of which the +water slides and drips with tuneful sound as if it fain would tell of +long forgotten beauteous days. + +We leave the glittering fairy-palace full of memories of the Arabian +Nights, and our lips whisper the wish of the Arabic poem writ over a +little niche: + + “May Heaven’s blessings rest upon these castle halls + As long as pilgrims wend their way to Mecca’s walls!" + +Nay, as long as clouds sail the skies, and seekers after beauty rove on +earth! + +This is the mood one is in when climbing further up the mountain to the +Moorish summer palace, the Generalife. + +We are met, as it were, and shown the way by a double row of slim +black-green cypress--dark trees of silence. + +The Generalife is enthroned far up on the heights, and embedded in +terrace-shaped gardens. + +The gardens! In them nature has enfolded all her abounding wealth of +colour. Crimson-ramblers, wistarias, vines and ivy smother the walls. +Mangolias, oleanders, almond trees, laurels, cypresses, araucarias, +olive trees, agaves, palms and mimosa vie with one another for +precedence. Flaming pomegranate blossoms, blood-red roses, violet +mallows, blue fleurs-de-lis, white jasmine, yellow narcissi, and golden +oranges in dark green foliage are a riot of colour. Ball shaped myrtles +surround the little fountain, listening to the babbling of its silver +waters, and in the twigs the song of birds greeting nature in her +holiday garments. + +Wondrous peace broods o’er this land. Through trees and halls and wall +arches there is a magnificent view of the Alhambra and the +multi-coloured houses of the town at its feet, and further on to the +picturesque Albaicin, and over cactus-grown Sacromonte with its gypsy +cave-dwellings, and still further to the snow-capped Sierra Nevada. +Another glance shows the fertile plains of the Vega through which the +clear waters of the Genil flow. + +However full of radiant happiness the day may have been, it is outshone +by the sinking sun casting a golden halo over the country-side. The +walls of the Alhambra, once so fiercely fought for, stand forth as +though dipped in blood. The distant mountains glitter golden-bronze, and +the snowy sides of the Sierra Nevada scintillate in flames. Slowly the +fair fires die down, and a chill spectral white falls upon the snow +summits. The eventide is there and with it the stars. + +The Spaniards have coined a proud sentence: “Quien no ha visto Granada, +no ha visto nada!" He who has not seen Granada has seen nought! And I +should like to add: He who has seen Granada and the Alhambra on sunny +spring days, bears with him a talisman to ward off sorrows in dull days, +and can never be completely unhappy again in life. + + * * * * * + +The =Mosque, Cordova=. A nation set forth to convert the world to its +faith. Its battle-cry in this holy war was Allah! Victory after victory +was gained, till finally the triumphal march of fanaticism was stopped +by the opposing faith of its religious adversaries. The waves receded, +and the Cross triumphed over the Crescent. This struggle of two faiths +and two continents left indelible marks on the fields of battle. + +These wars had been carried on in the name of God. Sacred edifices were +erected to the victor. On the ruins of the mosque arose the most +beautiful cathedral in the world as token of victory. Spain never would +have received the impress she bears to-day without those bitter +religious wars. + +Cordova was the jewel among Moorish occidental towns, destined to +outshine the sister cities Damascus and Bagdad in the far Orient. It was +here that all the wealth and pomp of Moorish domination was displayed. +Cordova’s population exceeded a million souls. It was the seat of Arabic +art and profound learning; the centre of religious life. The muezzin +called the faithful to prayers from 3000 minarets. Cordova became a new +Mecca which drew crowds of pilgrims from the East to the West. + +What has now become of this metropolis? A shadow! Wandering through +narrow streets of the town one seems to be in Cordova of a thousand +years ago. The old cobbled pavements are probably the same, the houses +too, behind whose trellised windows the harem was hidden. The old +crooked, narrow and confused mass of streets are still there. Once in a +while a palm is seen leaning over white walls across the street; open +doors offer views into pleasant court-yards. + +The Mezquita, the Mosque, stands like a dark rock surrounded by the +white trembling light of the sea of houses. + +A wonderful gateway leads to the Orange Court. The fruit and flowers of +these trees perfume the air with incense. High up, backed by the blue +sky, the palm trees are waving in the wind. Fountains are plashing. Once +they served to refresh burnoosed dusty and foot-sore pilgrims come from +afar to serve their God here. The faithful bathed in these fountains +before purifying their souls in Allah’s house.--Now the fountains are +perpetually surrounded by the town maidens who come to fetch a cooling +draught in their finely curved earthenware jugs. + +The impression on entering the forest of columns that support the mosque +is both unexpected and overpowering. Is this not a petrified palm wood? +And does not this stony grove incorporate the conception of infinity? +There is a mystic dusk among these columns that lends to them an endless +space of silence and eternity: the symbol of belief. + +It is to the credit of the victorious Christians that they did not cool +their religious ardour by destroying this Islamitic place of worship. It +is extremely regrettable that their descendants have treated this +monument of Mohammedan culture with such carelessness. + +The mosque became a Christian church. Where once the cry of “Allah illah +Allah!" echoed thousandfold, “Praise be the Lord!" is now sung. The +first deed was to erect altars in the door-niches. Then seventy pillars +were laid low, and a choir with the High-Altar erected in their stead: a +church within a church. Charles V. was reluctant to give his permission +for these alterations. When he came to Cordova and saw what had been +done, he exclaimed in perturbation: “What you are building can be seen +anywhere. You have destroyed what was unique in the world."[B] + +Untouched in its pristine beauty, hidden in semi-darkness, not far from +the Holy of Holies of the Christian church, stands the Holy of Holies of +the mosque, the Mihrab or prayer-niche in which the Koran was kept. It +is a jewel of Moorish art. Whereas the rest of the mosque columns are +connected by double horse-shoe arches, banded in red and white, here the +beautifully chased dentated arches rise straight to the lovely curved +dome. The niche socle is white marble of lace-like texture above which a +profusion of colours glow: blood-red, rust brown, dark blue violet +interwoven with a sublime sheen of gold. Perhaps the mosaic walls and +lettered scrolls upon them have in some mystical manner caught the light +of the thousand swinging lamps that once had cast their soft rays +through the dim shades of space. For six long centuries all these +glowing colours were hidden. Before Cordova was surrendered to the +Christians the sanctuary was walled up. It was only discovered in 1815. + +We pass entranced along the colonnaded aisles, enthraled by the wondrous +beauty of this miracle in stone. It is like awakening from a fantastic +dream to set foot again in the blinding sun of the silent town that has +become the shrine of one of the most precious jewels in the world +(50-60). + + * * * * * + +=Moorish scenes far from the beaten track=: A burning hot day in +August.--The air trembles in the heat over the olive trees. The day +hangs heavy in the blue vault of heaven. I had been wandering for long +long hours, when all of a sudden my eyes were caught by a fata morgana: +wafted perhaps from the coast of Morocco? No, it was no mirage. +Impossible! Yet it did not disappear as I approached. Strange indeed was +the scene: houses scattered like dice over a mountain (91). + +A timid lad of whom I asked the name of the spot, slunk shyly past me. +My map was of no assistance to me. At last I was informed that I had +arrived at “la muy noble y bel ciudad Mochagar, llave y amparo del reino +de Granada". “What," I asked “this hamlet still calls itself the key and +guardian of the kingdom of Granada? But that kingdom was destroyed half +a thousand years ago when the Moors were driven from Granada." + +A miracle must have happened here that time should have remained +stationary. Here was the pure Moorish impress. Most of the houses are +windowless. The flat roofs are sometimes the road to the higher houses, +and always their foot-stool. And although the water of baptism has +wetted the women’s hair, they pass veiled in the Moorish fashion along +the streets. With tucked up skirts and naked legs they step lightly +along the steep alleys, returning from the fountains with water +amphorae. They eye the foreign trespasser suspiciously and curiously. +And when I requested the veiled women to let me take their photographs +they stared at me, for they had never even seen a camera. I showed them +a picture, and explained that I wanted to have theirs too. They refused. +Finally one girl agreed. But an old scold hurried up and beat her for +her frowardness: throwing herself away like that! In this Christian +country I found shamefacedness and adherence to the laws of Mohammed. +Let no mortal body serve as an image! + +An old man with whom I spoke about this incident told me that if a girl +no longer veiled her face, but hid her legs, there was not much left to +spoil about her. + +But I was determined that I would not leave without a picture of one of +the veiled beauties. At last I succeeded, with the consent of the mother +of one of the girls. The eye of my camera winked slyly when I took my +snap-shot. In thanking the girl, I held out my hand, but she seemed +quite taken aback, and hid her hands behind her. I pressed her to shake +hands. I should not do her any harm. But her mother apologized for her +saying: “No, she doesn’t mean to be rude, but it is not the custom in +our country for a girl to let a man touch her hand before marriage." +Perhaps this little incident explains the once much-used expression +employed by wooers “will you give me your daughter’s hand?" (90) + + * * * * * + +=The Palm Forest of Elché= (100-103). The only palm forest in Europe. It +numbers more than 115000 trees, and is also a Moorish heritage. They +caused the water to flow to this spot from a distance of 5 kilometres in +order to create an oasis here in the desert--for the district is to-day +little else. Palms must grow with their roots in the water and their +crowns in the glaring sun. For years no rain has fallen on this spot. + +The view is strange from the church-tower down on white houses over +which the palm tops are spread like a canopy. Beyond the palm forest the +grey-yellow desert plain surrounds this isle of peace. In the far +distance the blue ocean sleeps in proud majesty. Death and life are here +in close juxtaposition. + + * * * * * + +=Easter in Seville.= The train is rushing southwards over the arid +Castillian high plateaux, which in summer are as empty as a beggar’s +palm. The bare treeless Mancha has put on its modest spring garment +which now shows in the distance like delicate green velvet. A +short-lived joy! In but a few weeks the scorched ground will again be +covered with a yellowish-gray pall. + +At present the fresh breeze comes down from the mountains of the Sierra +de Guadarrama. Scarcely, however, has the train wound its way through +the wild cañons of the Sierra Modena, when spring opens wide her gate. A +warm damp hot-house atmosphere is wafted into the carriage windows. + +We are soon surrounded by meadows that are like a great flower-garden in +which the blood-red poppy and golden-yellow primrose struggle for +supremacy. Once in a while a village is seen dreaming like Sleeping +Beauty among the flower groves. For a long stretch agaves and cacti +fringe the track. Finally Seville sends forth her messengers in the +shape of blossoming rose-gardens and orange groves laden with their ripe +golden fruit. An ancient mangolia stretches a rosy blossom branch +towards us, lingering on in its old age in this scene so full of +yearning life. Tall slim palms nod to us, and yet new children of Flora +crowd upon us to bring us Seville and spring’s friendly welcome. + +Heedlessly the train clatters past all this beauty towards the white +maze of Seville’s houses, above which towers that beautiful emblem of +the town, the Giralda. At last the engine snorts noisily into the +station. + +But how different is everything to-day in front of the station. No +yelling hotel porters, no carriages awaiting the passengers, no +electric-car with clanging bell, no hooting of motor-cars.--The square +is lifeless at this early afternoon hour. It is the “Semana santa", +Passion-week, that has cast this almost oppressive spell of silence over +the great city. Even the brazen voices of the church-bells are muffled, +as though that had gone into sacred mourning. The wooden banging of the +Matraca calls hoarsely to prayers with dry and unmelodious voice. + +The further you penetrate into the town, the more the sacred holiday +stillness is ousted. All Seville is crowding, chattering and laughing to +the Cathedral to see the procession. At last you have to stop. There is +no getting through the impenetrable human wall. It is a strange +procession that is passing by, as though conjured up from the Middle +Ages. Huddled figures stalk past slowly and stiffly. They appear like +spectres. Old pictures of witches and inquisitionary trials are recalled +to my mind, for nowhere else have I ever seen such terrifying +apparitions; never in life. Black cowls are wrapped around their bodies, +and on their head are huge black conical hats a yard high. Long sable +cloths, in which only two eyelets are pierced, are suspended over their +faces down to their waists. A corded rope is wound round the penitential +garments. The hands of the apparitions clasp rough wooden crosses, or +metal staves, as tall as themselves. These figures march in front of a +portable dais on which a life-like statue of the Virgin Mary is +enthroned clad in magnificent garments thickly encrusted with gold.--The +procession stops. The dais is lowered. A young woman steps from the +crowd, turns her eyes to the Queen of Heaven and sings her praise. + +When the twenty or thirty bearers who carry the heavy dais on their +shoulders, and who are hidden by drapery suspended round the frame, have +rested enough, the signal to start is given by knocking on the front of +the dais. A jerk, and the procession moves on a few paces. One religious +body of brethren follows on the heels of the other. Each of them wear +their own distinctive multi-coloured badges. Some have a blue pointed +hat, others white, brown, violet or other coloured garments. Next to a +father his ten-year old son in the same vestments is often seen, as well +as the miniature penitent of fifteen in the procession. + +The various brotherhoods are filled with an ardent ambition to outdo the +others in the magnificence of their Pasos as the daises are called. The +whole story of the Passion from Gethsemane to the burial of our Lord, is +shown on them as they pass before our eyes.--Of course the clergy in +full canonicals, as well as the town and state officials are also +represented in the procession. At intervals, groups of Roman legionaries +of Christ’s day appear, then angels, and St. Veronica carrying the +kerchief. Interspersed bands bray and flourish the same march without +cess. + +Each brotherhood in the procession is cerimoniously received by the +chief authority of the town in Constitution Square which looks like a +huge theatre auditorium. It is filled with rows of chairs of which not a +single one is empty. The surrounding balconies are a sea of heads. + +Hour by hour passes. Night falls. And now hundreds of wax-candles blaze +forth on the daises, and each penitent carries a gigantic taper in his +hand. Thus this endless and mysterious procession of lights moves on to +the cathedral, passes through its magnificent nave, and out again +through the other doors into the streets. + +The cathedral has opened its treasure-house for the “Semana santa" and +displayed all its pomp. The candles of the gigantic bronze candelabrum +(the renowned Tenebrario) as well as on the altar the sacred wax-candle +weighing several hundredweight. A huge sepulchre has been erected to the +glory of Christ, in which the Holy of Holies is kept during Passion +week. Hundreds of lamps and candles illuminate the golden-white +four-storey edifice, which is over 30 metres high, and flooded with a +wondrous glowing halo. + +The celebrated miserere of Eslava is performed in the cathedral on the +night of Good Friday. But, alas! it is impossible to enjoy the sacred +tunes owing to the general noisy inattention around. Weary forms are +sitting on the steps of the chapels and around the grave of Columbus. +Here a mother is suckling her infant, there an animate heap of rags is +wrapt in sleep, and all the while there is a continual pushing and +elbowing to get to the front. + +However we must not judge of all this in the light of serious northern +church festivals. This would only lead us to drawing both severe and +wrong conclusions. Perhaps this manner may be an historical development. +Has not our Teutonic Christianity also wedded itself to much that is +ancient heathenism? For instance Christmas and the winter solstice +festival. Much that is Moorish obtains in Spain to this day. Perhaps +even--unconsciously--the conception of the purpose of a place of +worship. Was not the mosque often enough a secular place of meeting for +the Moslems, and at the same time a university? However, enough of +conjectures. It is a fact that the worship of the Lord and the Virgin +Mary is for the Spaniard a service of love. Whether the occasion be +Trinity or Passion week, it is one of joyful praise of Heaven. + +I shall always remember one quiet hour permeated with the holy spirit of +Easter among these joyful and yet pious Easter days.--I had mounted the +Giralda, that jewel of erstwhile Moorish minaret architecture, the +cathedral tower. At my feet lay the white sea of houses. The town was +bathed in sunshine. The beautiful blue dome of heaven spread its mighty +arch over the holiday-making land as though protecting and blessing it. +The faint music of the mass far below was wafted up to me, when suddenly +a booming vibration filled the air, and all the tower bells, which had +been silent so long, peeled out across the sunlit country: Christ is +arisen! The sister bells of all the other towers echoed the message +across the spring clad country. + + * * * * * + +=The Patio= (40, 42-49). It is a favourite expression to call Seville the +town of bright court-yards. Those court-yards which light and fill the +house with sunshine. The Sevillian house, or rather the Andalusian +house, is not a building such as our houses, fronting on the street, but +one that fronts to an inner court, turning its back on the street. The +outsides of the houses are bare of ornament, almost windowless; a secret +to the passer-by. All their beauty is displayed yardwards. There wealth +obtains in all its pomp, and poverty unfolds its modest ornaments. The +narrow passage--the Zaguan--leading from the street to the court is +closed by a railed gate. The gallery--to which access is gained by steps +leading from the court--is supported by columns. The rooms of the upper +stories lead to the gallery. To cool the air there is a fountain in the +middle of the court surrounded by palms, araucarias, laurels, +orange-trees, oleanders and flowers in pots. The walls are covered with +multi-coloured tiles. Against them brightly up-holstered furniture, +chairs, and sometimes even a piano; the inevitable guitar is in a +corner. Climbing plants festoon the court. + +Practically this is the centre of the whole family life. Friends are +received here, hours passed in argument, singing, music and +dancing--whether in company or alone, dreaming away the hours, listening +to the plashing of the fountain, it is in the court--the soul of the +house--that most time is spent. + + * * * * * + +There is nothing commonplace about Spanish houses. They still retain +their peculiarity impressed on them by the patina of age. Many have +tumbled down under the burden of years. Many are dead; but they “died in +beauty". The period of their prosperity still lingers on in the churches +and ornate façades of deserted squares. + +Toledo is the most Spanish of towns. It was once the heart of the +country, pulsating with the great rhythm of epic history. But its heart +no longer beats. + +Resting on steep granite hills above the deep Tajo valley stands the +yellow-grey heap of houses as though rooted in the rocks. Two gigantic +bridges span the river. Narrow alleys lead up hill and down dale; +many-cornered and dark. The whole town seems in a fighting mood. Huge +gateways and towers, the houses fort-like, the doors studded with heavy +nails. Indeed, there is hardly a town that has seen so many battles +rounds its walls. Spain’s history has passed over it with heavy steps. +And to-day? Rent walls, ruin and silence: the town the accumulated +wreckage of a thousand years (139-148). + +Segovia, Toledo’s sister city is situated similarly on rocks arising +abruptly from the plain. It is dominated by a great cathedral tower, and +guarded by the well-proportioned Alcazar which stands forth like a fairy +castle. A miraculous building, erected one would say to brave eternity +in the days when Christ was born. But otherwise Segovia is different to +Toledo. It is the Nuremberg of Spain, gay in its leafy setting +(157-164). + +There are other brave old companions-in-arms of these two veterans, +dating from ancient war days: circumvallated Avila (165-169), Cuenca and +Albarracin with their swallow-nest houses clinging to lofty crags (120, +121, 192-194), Daroca protected by two mountains over which the whole of +the battlemented walls have climbed (195-197), Alquezar in the Pyrenees, +the northern outpost of the Moors in Spain (210-212), Sigüenza, Jerica, +Trujillo, Caceres, Niebla, Carmona, Martos, Antequera, and many bold +castillos. + +Ronda is the most boldly situated town lying on a high plateau encircled +by a wide mountain arena (62, 63). Running through the rocky plateau is +a huge crevice which looks as though it had been split in rage by the +mighty fists of giants. + +The streams thunder down in all their wild force over the boulders, +hammer threateningly against the rocky walls, break into scintillating +spray, rush round in whirlpools, and hurry on their course. And in close +proximity to all this turmoil, the rocky walls stand unshaken in their +immobility against the sky-line, an emblem of eternity cast in stone by +the hand of God. The rainbow in the spray has been copied by man in the +shape of a bridge high over the abyss joining the rocky heights upon +which the town stands. + +Let us pass from these stubborn old battle towns to a more smiling +scene: San Sebastian (286-290) known throughout the world for its +incomparably beautiful situation on the sea. The view from Monte Ulia, a +mountain guarding the entrance to this paradise, is wonderful beyond +words. Here nature has modelled and painted a masterpiece. The sea hugs +the land in two gracefully curved bays and catches the beauties of the +town in the reflection of its waters. + + * * * * * + +=Cave-dwellings and the simple life.=--This time I decided to leave the +destination of my wanderings to chance. I could have chosen no better +guide. I set out long before the dew was dry, or the sun had risen. The +palm trees were just beginning to shake themselves in the early breeze +when I approached a strange rocky landscape. Dark holes in the rock +stared at me like dead eyes. But nevertheless life was hidden there. +Human forms stepped out of the holes to greet the morn. + +What I saw was a towering rock wall with hundreds of cave-dwellings next +to each other and over each other. Some of them were even five storeys +high and approached from the outside (92). Where the rocks were too +steep, the approaches had been dug from the inside, and upper storeys +created with outlook holes and loggias high up in the rocks. Tunnels had +been cut in the soft stone to get from one rock valley to the other. + +The children were running about in the costume God had given them. But +it is not to be supposed that they were troglodytes, and as unaware of +culture as those who lived in the ice period. High on the rocks you can +read in large black letters on a white background “El Retiro". + +Every Spaniard knows, at least by name, Madrid’s beautiful park the +Retiro. For this reason it seems somewhat of a joke to suddenly come +across the name in such a spot far up on the rocks. El Retiro, like +Sanssouci, means solitude, retreat, place of rest. An enterprising +hotel-keeper has levelled his portion of rocks into roof-terraces where +the favourite gossip hour (tertulla) is spent, skittles played, and +merry dances performed. Hence the alluring words on the wall for the +benefit of passers-by. On another rock is graven the brief significant +inscription: “Dios, Pan y Cultura" (God, Bread, and Culture. 92-95). + +During the course of another stroll I was again equally surprised. I saw +smoke arising in the distance from ground that looked like fantastic +mountain erosions. Surely this was not the site of volcanic activity? +Indeed this was out of the question. And on drawing nigh I discerned +human figures moving among the columns of smoke. I then saw to my +astonishment that little smoking towers--not unlike champagne corks in +shape--were chimneys projecting out of the ground. I had again strayed +among cave-dwellers. What Homeric primitiveness was there! The valleys +are the streets, the mountain sides the fronts of the houses, the +pinnacles villas. Front gardens are once and a while supplied by giant +cacti and spiky agaves. My wanderings in this interesting +world-forgotten primitive spot lasted for hours as I passed up and down +the so-called streets (96-99). + +My greetings were met with a cheerful response, and I was invited to +enter a cool cave, provided with a drink of fresh water, and shown the +treasures of the modest household: the bed on the ground, the hearth +with a copper kettle, the earthenware pitcher, the stool, the oil-lamp +and the image of the patron saint. + +“Now as to work?" I asked. “Well we don’t do too much in that way. We +cultivate what we need over there where the river runs. We make bricks +for the towns where the people live in houses."--Truly a picture of an +enviable state of modest requirements. There are still those who are +satisfied with the tub of Diogenes. Indeed you may find many such all +over Spain. I remember when at a little railway station finding only a +lad deep in his after-dinner nap. For the rest, there was no one else to +take my luggage, so I woke him up and asked him to help me. He stretched +himself in all the bliss of laziness, took a couple of coppers out of +his pocket, and showing them to me said: “I’ve earned 25 centimos to-day +already; that’s all I need," turned over, and went to sleep again. I +continued on my way recalling the words of the Indian philosopher: “He +who is without wants is nearest to God." + +There is no cause to shrug one’s shoulders. Diligence and happiness are +but relative conceptions. And just the poorest in Spain understand the +art of doing nothing combined with extracting joy from next to nothing. +They need a little shade in summer, and the sunshine in winter; a piece +of bread, a tomato, a drop of wine. The whole earth with the sky for a +roof is their bed-room; the highroad their field of labour. There is no +master they would exchange positions with; they are their own masters; +masters of their own time--verily a great possession this. Why then +should they not spend it generously? “He whom God helps will go further +than he who rises betimes" runs a Spanish proverb. And the Bible tells +us: “Behold the fowls of the air: for they sow not, neither do they +reap, nor gather into barns; yet your heavenly Father feedeth them." + + * * * * * + +=Feria in Sepúlveda.=--A bull-fight. There is high holiday in Sepúlveda, +(172, 173) an ancient little town far from the turmoil of the great +world, and far even from the railroad, which indeed is nearly 100 +kilometres away. The feria is the greatest day of the whole year. Men +and women crowd into the place on horses and donkeys. Old friends meet +again. Once more they see ‘life’. Above all it is the bull-fight that is +the greatest attraction. It has been for weeks already the only topic +worth speaking about. As however our little town has no arena, the +market-place is used instead. All day the lively rat-tat of hammers is +heard there. The windows of the picturesque dignified old town-hall gaze +smilingly down on the lively scene. At last there is really something +worth looking at again. Another long tedious sleepy year has gone by. + +There is hardly any one who does not go the hour’s walk outside the town +to admire the bulls which have come from a long way off, and for the +present are being kept at pasture. + +When the great day has come, every one is up with the sun. The arrival +of the savage animals is feverishly expected. The bravest show their +courage by going forth to meet the procession. + +A cloud of dust on the highway announces its approach. And finally forms +emerge from it. At the head a picador on horseback with a lance, behind +him the black bodies of the bulls surrounded by tame steers, and +followed by a second picador. As they rush through the narrow streets to +the market-square a mighty cry goes up: “Los toros! Los toros!" +Shouting, whistling, howling, yelling, and a general pandemonium rends +the welkin. + +Finally the bulls are secured, and it is only in the afternoon that the +longed-for hour arrives. + +The forenoon has its own pleasures. Young men demonstrate their daring +by teasing a young bull specially selected for the purpose, and earn +acclamation or mocking laughter as the case may be. These young heroes +try to put into practice what they have seen at the Torero; only it is +less dangerous. No blood is shed, only torn trousers and bruises are the +honorific mementoes of the great day (174, 175). + +My thoughts naturally harked back to the first bull-fight I had seen--in +Madrid. The impression was stupendous: fifteen thousand gay spectators +in the great sweep of the arena all impatient for the nerve-racking +fight to begin. The arena was filled with the babble of voices. It was a +chaos of colours, cloudy lace mantillas, flower-embroidered shawls, fans +swaying nervously, jet-black glowing eyes.--Shouts of applause greeted +the bull-fighters. Yells saluted the great bull as he rushed in. The +game was a risky one for life or death. Deeds of audacity were met with +idolatrous cheers, the timid with desolating laughter. All of a sudden a +coloured form is tossed into the air. A single scream from a thousand +throats.--“Is he dead?" “No!" A sigh of relief.--“Go on!"--The condemned +bull is mad with rage, his opponent cold as steel. He wields the mortal +instrument, the sword flashes, and a hurricane of applause bursts forth +for the victor and his tottering victim. White handkerchiefs flutter +from every seat like pigeons. Hats are waved, a shower of flowers +descends, and the fêted hero returns thanks, nonchalant and proud.--The +trumpets blare and a new fight begins (125, 126). + + * * * * * + +=Crossing the Picos de Europa.=--Masses of high mountains with peaks about +2700 metres high rise among the Asturian Cantabrian coast range. They +bear the proud name of Picos de Europa (The Peaks of Europe). They are +the Dolomites of Spain. But they exceed these considerably in +inaccessibility. + +Tourist facilities in Spain are of a very primitive nature. For this +reason there are no shelter huts for mountaineers in the Picos de +Europa, and there are likewise no trained guides. There are it is true +some game-keepers. Shepherds and miners acquainted with individual parts +of the mountains act once in a while as guides. + +I had been at the gateway of the Picos de Europa when at Covadongo the +celebrated place of pilgrimage. Since then the desire had never left me +to become acquainted with this demure mountain beauty so alluring and +yet so stand-offish in her loneliness. Thus I started for the mountains. + +My path led me from Unquera through the Deva valley to Potes at the foot +of the Picos. I very soon noticed that my task would be no easy one, for +shortly after leaving Panes the track winds through a mighty and deep +valley known as the Desfiladero de la Hermida. My reception was not a +friendly one. The rocky guardian of the valley looked down and frowned +at me, and the sky treated me at intervals to a cold shower-bath. + +In Potes the clouds were low down on the mountain sides on which I was +going to test my prowess the next day. But I was so enchanted with the +spot, that I willingly renounced the view for that day. + +The little town is a very ancient spot. It must once have been the seat +of many a knightly family. This is attested to by the various Spanish +coats of arms on the houses. But those times are now no more. Where once +Spanish grandees strutted by with buckled shoes and sword, clodhopping +peasants plod along. And the present generation is hardly aware of the +plentitude of beauty surrounding it. Bold bridges span the glen. Narrow +colonades with overhanging balconies cling to the steep river bank. A +multitude of archways offer innumerable enchanting glimpses. A high +watch-tower guards the houses clustering at its base. + +Before the sun had risen on the morrow I had set out. Dark and +dismal-looking clouds hung low over the landscape. But the Picos +pinnacles had rent them asunder, and suddenly they stood forth in the +glory of the rising sun. Dark night lay behind me as I marched towards +the sunlight. + +My guide met me by arrangement at Espinama. He was a grey-headed man +with weather-beaten face and smiling eyes. His feet were clad in leather +sandals, and under his arm was an ancient umbrella. We soon discussed +the itinerary, filled our _rucksacks_ and started for the Puerto de +Aliva. The old song came back to me:-- + + The sun on my way + In his golden array + Is my fellow and guide. + He casts my shadow + O’er flowery meadow. + I wander world-wide. + +As we passed on our way, the houses of the village became smaller and +smaller. We soon left the last tree behind, and our path led over sweet +green slopes, till they too were lost under the stony debris of rocky +giants. There was a hunting-lodge close to the foot of the Peña vieja +cliff which the king of Spain visits nearly every year when chamois +hunting. + +The day drew slowly to its end. Great streamers curled round the Peña +vieja, pale shadows floated by like silver grey cobwebs, and the mist +rose and fell with every breath of wind. The billowing fog had already +wrapped us in its mighty veil when we reached the miners’ inn at +Lloroza. An overseer invited us to spend the night there. And we were +right glad to find shelter, in spite of the fact that both the hut and +its furniture looked like the first attempts of primitive man to scale +the ladder of civilization. The night we spent on the hard ground was +not a very restful one, and we were glad when the approach of day called +us from our layer. + +When we left the hut a surprising spectacle met our eyes. The fog which +had deprived us of any possibility of obtaining a view the evening +before now lay at our feet in the valley. The summits of the mountain +rose like islands in the sea of mist. + +The moment had arrived when day struggled with night for predominance. +The full-moon’s silver disc hung in the deep blue of the western sky, +and the morning star held its own for a while against the rising light +in the east. At last both moon and star turned to pale glass when the +sun sent forth his herald rays. The horizon was tinged with pink; long +red streamers fluttered from the windows of heaven to greet us, and then +the sun rose above the misty expanse, gilded the crests, flooded the +eastern pinnacles with the glory of his light, and glowed on the rocky +wall to which our hut clung. O wonderful silence of that hour! + +“A new day beckons us to other shores." + +For yet a short distance the beaten path used by the king when stalking +showed us the way. Then we bent our steps over pathless boulders, sharp +edged rocks, mounds of debris, snow-fields strewn among the stony desert +with its jagged rock walls and towers. + +Whole herds of chamois stared in astonishment at the strange intruders +in their paradise. For the rest, they showed little inclination to run +away. The mountain fastness became progressively more barren and wild in +its aspect. An infinitely dismal mood seemed to brood o’er the scene. +Yet the magnificence of these mountains augmented from minute to minute. +Grotesque stone giants--cast in burning ore by the furnace of high +heaven--stood guarding this great grave of nature. + +Woe to the wanderer whose ignorant footsteps err here! Death lies in +ambush in the deep crevices and chasms. + +At last we halted in front of the monarch of the magnificent mountain +empire. His throne stands high in everlasting snow; a golden crown is on +his head. His picture is known to all from the most distant mountain +valley to the shores of the restless ocean. All admire his beauty, all +know his name: Naranjo de Balnes. + +This huge rock colossus rises 600 metres over its surroundings. Its +perpendicular walls show hardly a crevice. And it seems incredible that +nevertheless that bold mountaineer the Marqués de Villaviciosa de +Asturia climbed to its summit. + +On our wanderings round this mighty and stubborn rock tower we seemed to +be lightened of all earthly burdens high up there in the solitude above +the depths of humanity. + +We climbed up to the Ceredo tower. The rocks were as sharp as knives. +Again the ghostly mist rose from the valleys and whirled spectrally +around us. + +It was 5 o’clock and the Cares valley with Cain to where our steps were +directed were not yet in sight.--I asked my companion: “How far yet?" “A +few hours more" was the not very consoling reply.--The mist, that enemy +of mountaineers was getting thicker. And ere long we could not see +twenty paces ahead. The feeling of insecurity grew apace. And the +sensation of climbing with mist-bound eyes was terrible. Again I +questioned my guide. “Severo, is there no hut or shelter on the +way?"--“I don’t think so." Once more long minutes of silent groping. At +last we were, at any rate for a while, rid of the stony region. Here and +there a rocky projection, but it was quite impossible to tell if we were +not suspended on it hundreds of meters over a yawning abyss. It was +impossible to see anything through that fog. And at a quarter past six +it was pitch dark. + +Suddenly we came across a few low rough huts of unhewn stone huts +sheltered by a rock-wall. There at last we could spend the night. But my +guide wanted to go on. “Stop!" I cried. “Can we get to Cain to +night?"--“I don’t know." “Well then we’ll stay here!" Suiting the action +to the word, we crept into one of the huts, crouched down, and slept +fitfully through ten endless hours of night. But even they passed. The +morning meant a dangerous and nasty descent. We waded knee-deep in wet +grass, clambered over ledges with fog all around us. Woe to us had we +slipped! Then we got lost and had to stop and climb back with the +greatest care. Then we slid down a stony gully in which nearly every +step set rocks thundering to the depths below. + +At last the moist grey mist began to lift. A rift showed the bed of the +valley far beneath us, and, as we thought, houses. But no, we were +mistaken. They were huge boulders, the wreckage of some avalanche that +filled the upper hollow. Down and down we scrambled till finally we +broke through the foggy screen. Our goal was at our feet. Cain, +strangely walled in by precipitous rocky cliffs rising sheer 1500 metres +high. We were there! And we could rest. Some bread and butter was all we +could find in the whole village to appease our hunger. We would gladly +have rested there a day, but the place was too inhospitable. We had +therefore to shoulder our _rucksacks_ again. The distance we had climbed +down the day before, we had to climb up again on the opposite rocks of +the Peña santa. Hours and hours of strenuous efforts passed till we +reached the ridge. We re-descended valleywards in a drizzling rain. Lake +Enol was the last spot of beauty to be hidden from our view. It was +there we struck the main road, and then marched another 10 kilometres +down to Covadonga which we reached as tired as dogs. + +Night had already cast her shadow over the valley, and the stars were +beginning to shine forth. Welcoming lights were seen burning in +Covadonga. But it seemed as though we should never reach them. However +the prospect of a bed lent us strength, and at half past eight we +stumbled painfully over the threshold of a clean hospitable house. I +went to bed exhausted, and my restless dreams were haunted with the +beautiful and terrible wanderings in the Picos de Europa (266-274). + + * * * * * + + +=My pilgrimage to the Yuste Convent (153).=--I left soon after midnight, +for marching is delightful in southern nights when the glittering stars +shed their soft light from the great vault of heaven. In the south the +cool night is succeeded by summer days that are the misery of the +pedestrian.--The hours melted by but slowly in the furnace heat of the +day. I was beset with all possible ills: infernal heat, thirst, and no +water. Not a tree or a shrub was to be seen for miles; no shade; hours +without passing a house; not a soul abroad; the melancholy mood that +comes in the train of solitude. My path was obstructed by a river--at +any rate, water--but nary a bridge! So I had to wade, and continue my +journey. At last I spied a shepherd. What joy to feel that I was no +longer alone! + +“Is this the right road to Yuste?" I enquired of him.--“Yes, but where +doest thou come from, and what countryman art thou?" The good fellow +addressed me with the fraternal _tutoyer_, as though we were brothers. + +When he heard that I was a German he was quite surprised. He willingly +agreed to accompany me to the next village, and was quite curious to +hear something about my country. The news of the war had penetrated to +this remote part of the world. It was charming to listen to the +questions of this child of nature. He knew nothing of the three Rs; had +never seen a railway, had never left the neighbourhood of his village. +We soon met another shepherd on the mountain-side who was just as +pleased and interested as the other. And I must say, that wherever I was +in Spain, all classes of the population were friendly towards Germans. + +It was not long before we encountered other wayfarers who joined us, for +Sunday enticed them into the village. My entrance was therefore almost a +triumphal procession. We entered the inn, ordered some wine, and sat +down to a well-earned rest. When I wanted to pay the landlord, he +refused, telling me that Pepa had settled the bill. However, this +wouldn’t do. And at last he agreed to my paying on condition that the +next time I returned I should be his guest. They all shook hands with me +most-heartily and I continued joyfully on my way. + +At last I stood in front of the monastery gates. They were opened, and +the white haired abbot rode out on a little donkey, holding a green +parasol over his head. I saluted the venerable Father and enquired of +him whether I could stay at the monastery for the night. “No", he +replied, “impossible."--Discomfitted I exclaimed: “But where am I to go +to-day? I have travelled fifty kilometres and have come from +Navalmoral."--“What, on foot? Impossible!" “Yes, but I have. I am a +German and want to see the spot which the emperor Charles V. exchanged +for all the crowns in the world, and where he closed his eyes."--“You +are a German? Of course you can’t continue your journey." + +I was most kindly and touchingly taken care of. + +I was shown the monastery which had once been destroyed by the French. +Decay and mould have continued the work of destruction. But nature’s +eternal youth triumphs victoriously amongst the ruins and beautifies the +decay of age. And yet this is a place to think about the everlastingness +of all things, of the end of all terrestrial happiness.--Once that great +monarch who had fled from the turmoil of the world had paced these +halls. + +At supper, I, the infidel sat at the monks’ board and was treated like a +brother. + +The next morning I was awakened long hours before sunrise. A lay brother +lit me with a lantern through the dark and ancient park. The monastery +gate swung on its hinges, the latch fell heavily, and I was again out in +the world all silvery with the moonlight. For a moment I stood +entranced.--I heard the mass bell calling the monks to prayers. And the +gates of Paradise were closed behind me. + + * * * * * + +=The last echoes.=--My wanderings through Spain filled me with the joy of +life. She had become my second home. It was with a heavy heart that I +left. + + “O follow me ye southern days + ’Neath colder skies and paler stars. + And fill my thoughts with golden rays!" + +The hour of departure had arrived.--It was a wonderful moonlight night +in which the little Spanish steamer which was to bear me homewards +sailed slowly out of Ferrol harbour. The moon cast a silver bridge over +the water, and along it my thoughts fled back to other moonlight nights +when she had often shown me the way in picturesque Spain. + +The lights along the coast shone like the eyes of anxious friends +looking a last farewell before darkness closed their lids. And then the +little ship ploughed homeward through the eternal waters with the +eternal sky above us, and the old old song of the waves accompanied me +back to my familiar home. + + * * * * * + +And now that days and weeks of cloudy skies hang heavily over my country +where the sun is not so generous as in southern climes, my heart is +filled with yearning for Spain, with nostalgia for the sun.--Then I look +at my pictures, and we hold converse together, and re-live those +unfettered days spent in wanderings in sun-kissed Spain. + +In this volume I send forth my sun harvest. May it cast its light in the +hearts of many! May it tell of my love of Spain, and of my heartfelt +thanks to her chivalrous people for all their kind hospitality! + + + + +ALPHABETICAL LIST OF NAMES AND PLACES + + +Albarracin 192-194 + +Albufera 116 + +Alcala de Guadaira 71 + +Aldeanueva de la Vera 154 + +Algatocin 76 + +Alhambra 1-16, 22 + +Almazan 227 + +Alquezar 210-212 + +Andújar 44, 115 + +Antequera 64-66 + +Aranjuez 136-138 + +Arcos de la Frontera 48, 49, 72 + +Arranda de Duero 240 + +Autol 224, 225 + +Avila 165-169 + + +Barcelona 200 + +Batuecas 260, 261, 263 + +Bielsa 213 + +Bilbao 284 + +Burgo de Osma 226 + +Burgos 234-238 + +Butron 277 + +Brachimañasee 216 + + +Caceres 83, 84 + +Candelario 252, 253 + +Cangas de Onis 274 + +Carmona 43, 70 + +Castellbó 208 + +Castellfullit 204 + +Cave Dwellings 92-99 + +Cenaruza 282 + +Cepeda 155 + +Chorro 73 + +Ciudad Rodrigo 250, 251 + +Coca 184-187 + +Cordoba 50-60 + +Cuenca 120, 121 + + +Daroca 195-197 + +Debotes Valley 207 + +Durango 279, 283 + + +Ecija 68, 69 + +Elché 101-103 + +Elorrio 285 + +Escorial 129-135 + + +Fuenterabia 298 + + +Gerona 202, 203 + +Granada 1-25 + +Guadalajara 178-181 + +Guadalest 118 + +Guadix 100 + +Güejar-Sierra 77 + + +Hermida 266 + +Hurdes 259 + + +Jativa 111-113 + +Javea 108 + +Jerez de la Frontera 67 + +Jerica 191 + + +La Alberca 254, 256, 257 + +Lagartera 150, 151 + + +Madrid 126-128 + +Maladeta 219 + +Mañaria 278 + +Manzanera 42 + +Martos 74, 75 + +Medinaceli 176, 177 + +Mochagar 91 + +Mogarraz 258 + +Mombeltran 183 + +Monte Agudo 119 + +Montserrat 201 + + +Niebla 80, 81 + +Nuria 206 + + +Ondarroa 276 + +Orihuela 104-107 + +Oviedo 264, 265 + + +Pancorbo 231-233 + +Pasages 291-296, 304 + +Peñafiel 182 + +Peña Montañesa 214 + +Pic de Aneto 217, 218 + +Pic du midi 216 + +Picos de Europa 266-274 + +Pontevedra 301 + +Potes 270-273 + +Pyrenees 205-219 + + +Ronda 62, 63 + + +Sagunt 109, 110 + +Salamanca 246-249 + +San Esteban de Gormaz 229, 230 + +San Juan de Plan 209 + +San Sebastian 286-290 + +Santander 275 + +Santiago de Campostela 300 + +Sarragoza 220, 221 + +Segovia 157-164 + +Segretal 205 + +Sepulveda 172-175 + +Seville 28-41 + +Sierra Nevada 79 + +Sigüenza 188-190 + +Soria 228 + + +Tarifa 45, 46 + +Tarazona 223 + +Tarragona 198, 199 + +Toledo 139-148 + +Toro 244 + +Trujillo 85-87 + +Turrégano 170, 171 + + +Valencia 114, 117 + +Valladolid 241-243 + +Vigo 303 + + +Yuste 153 + + +Zafra 82 + +Zamora 245 + + +Towns: 2, 4, 16, 21, 28, 62-64, 72, 74, 80, 91-99, 120, 128, 139, 157, +166, 172, 191, 192, 195, 202, 204, 210, 223, 226, 227, 232, 246, 276, +286, 287, 290, 293. + +Gateways, Towers, Fortified Walls: 5, 29, 75, 80, 81, 85-87, 143, +167-169, 186-188, 193, 196. + +Streets, Squares: 24, 25, 31, 60, 65, 66, 75-77, 83, 85, 86, 147, 148, +154, 155, 163, 170, 173, 174, 175, 176, 189, 190, 193, 197, 198, 203, +208, 209, 211-213, 231-233, 247, 251, 253, 270-273, 278, 295, 296. + +Churches, Convents, Chapels, Cemeteries, etc.: 23, 31, 41, 50-59, 66, +67, 86, 108, 146, 147, 152, 153, 158, 164, 165, 169, 177, 199, 220, 221, +228, 229, 234-241, 244-246, 260-262, 264, 265, 282-285, 300. + +Squares, Public Buildings, Typical Houses: 6-15, 17-21, 30, 32, 33, +36-40, 68, 69, 114, 116, 117, 126, 127, 129, 130, 132, 134-137, 144, +162, 178-181, 250, 279, 280, 298. + +Courts (Patios) and Gardens: 6-8, 12-15, 17, 34, 35, 37, 40, 42-49, 58, +69, 82, 90, 131, 138, 145, 179-181, 200, 238, 242, 243, 249, 298. + +Stairways, Lattice Windows: 39, 68, 115, 144, 200, 203, 248. + +Fountains: 9, 12-15, 20, 37, 49, 60, 197, 232. + +Bridges: 63, 140-143, 268, 270, 274, 276. + +Castles (Castillos): 1-5, 22, 70, 71, 110-112, 118, 119, 141, 161, 170, +171, 182-186, 277. + +Views of Landscapes: 2-4, 21, 62, 63, 72, 73, 79, 88, 92-99, 101-107, +113, 116, 194, 201, 204-207, 214-219, 224, 225, 230, 260, 263, 266-269, +274, 275, 286-289, 291, 292, 294, 299, 301-304. + +Costumes and Life of the People: 26, 27, 61, 78, 84, 90, 122-125, 149, +150, 151, 155, 156, 160, 174, 175, 222, 252, 254-259, 262, 281, 296, +297. + +[Illustration: Granada-Alhambra.] + +[Illustration: Granada + +Alhambra and the Vega + +Alhambra y la Vega + +Alhambra und die Vega + +Vue de l’Alhambra et la Vega + +L’Alambra e la Vega] + +[Illustration: Granada + +Alhambra--In the background the Sierra Nevada + +Alhambra-Puesta del sol: En el fondo la Sierra Nevada + +Alhambra-Abendstimmung: im Hintergrund die Sierra Nevada + +Le soir à Grenade: au fond la Sierra Nevada + +L’Alambra sul tramonto: In fondo la Sierra Nevada] + +[Illustration: Granada-Alhambra.] + +[Illustration: Granada + +The Alhambra Towers + +Torres de la Alhambra + +Alhambratürme + +Les tours de l’Alhambra + +I torrioni dell’Alambra] + +[Illustration: Granada-Alhambra + +The Myrtle Court + +Patio de los Arrayanes + +Myrtenhof + +La cour des myrtes + +La corte dei mirti] + +[Illustration: Granada-Alhambra + +The Myrtle Court + +Patio de los Arrayanes + +Myrtenhof + +La cour des myrtes + +La corte dei mirti] + +[Illustration: Granada-Alhambra + +The Court of the Lions + +Patio de los Leones + +Löwenhof + +La cour des Lions + +La corte dei leoni] + +[Illustration: Granada-Alhambra + +The Lion Fountain in the Court of the Lions + +La fuente en el patio de los Leones + +Der Löwenbrunnen im Löwenhof + +La Fontaine avec le bassin dans la cour des Lions + +La fontana del leoni nella Corte omonima] + +[Illustration: Granada-Alhambra + +Court of Justice + +Sala de la Justicia + +Gerichtshalle + +La salle de Justice + +La sala della Giustizia] + +[Illustration: Granada-Alhambra + +Bay Windows of the Daraxa + +Le pavillion de la Daraxa + +Erker der Daraxa + +Mirador de Daraxa + +Il padiglione di Daraxa] + +[Illustration: Granada-Alhambra + +The Daraxa Court + +Un coin du jardin de la Daraxa + +Gartenhof der Daraxa + +Patio de Daraxa + +Il giardino di Daraxa] + +[Illustration: Granada-Alhambra + +The Daraxa Court + +Un coin du jardin de la Daraxa + +Gartenhof der Daraxa + +Patio de Daraxa + +Il giardino di Daraxa] + +[Illustration: Granada-Alhambra + +In the Daraxa Garden + +Patio de Daraxa + +Im Garten der Daraxa + +Dans le jardin de la Daraxa + +Il giardino di Daraxa] + +[Illustration: Granada-Alhambra + +The Cypress Court + +Patio de los cipreses + +Zypressenhof + +La cour des cyprès + +Il cortile dei cipressi] + +[Illustration: Granada-Alhambra + +View of the Albaicin from the Queens Boudoir + +Vista desde el Peinador de la Reina sobre el Albaicin + +Blick aus dem Putzzimmer der Königin nach dem Albaicin + +Vue sur l’Albaicin, prise du boudoir de la reine + +Veduta di Albalcin presa dallo spogliatola della regina] + +[Illustration: Granada + +Palace of the Generalife + +Palacio del Generalife + +Generalifepalast + +Palais da Généralife + +Palazzo del Generalife] + +[Illustration: Granada + +Entrance-Hall of the Generalife + +Entrade del Generalife + +Eintrittshalle im Generalife + +Entrée du Généralife + +Ingresso nel Generalife] + +[Illustration: Granada + +Colonnade in the Generalife + +En el Generalife + +Säulenhalle im Generalife + +Colonade dans le Généralife + +Colonnato nel Generalife] + +[Illustration: Granada + +In the Garden of the Generalife + +En el jardin del Generalife + +Generalifegarten + +Un jardin du Généralife + +Giardino del Generalife] + +[Illustration: Granada + +View from one of the Generalife Gardens on the Albaicin + +Vista desde un jardincito del Generalife sobre el Albaicin + +Blick aus einem Generalifegärtchen nach dem Albaicin + +Vue sur l’Albaicin, prise d’un jardin du Généralife + +Veduta di Albaicin da un giardino del Generalife] + +[Illustration: Granada + +View of Alhambra from the Outlook Tower of the Generalife + +Vista desde el Mirador del Generalife sobre la Alhambra + +Blick aus dem Aussichtsturm des Generalife auf die Alhambra + +Vue sur l’Alhambra, prise du belvedère du Généralife + +Veduta dell’Alhambra della torre del Generalife] + +[Illustration: Granada + +The Cathedral--The Royal Chapel--in the Railing the Passion + +La Catedral-Capilla real--En la reja la Pasión de Jesucristo + +Kathedrale-Capilla real--im Gitter die Leidensgeschichte Christi + +A la Cathedrale--La Chapelle royale--Au haut de la grille sont +representées les scènes de la Passion de Jésus-Christ + +Cattedrale--Capello Reale--Nel cancello è raffigurata la passione di +Cristo] + +[Illustration: Granada + +Street on the Darro + +Calle del Darro + +Straße am Darro + +Rue longeant le Darro + +Calle del Darro] + +[Illustration: Granada + +In the Albaicin + +En el Albaicin + +Im Albaicin + +L’Albacin + +Nell’Albacina] + +[Illustration: Gypsy dancing + +Gitana ballando + +Tanzende Zigeunerin + +Danseuse Gitane + +Zingara danzante] + +[Illustration: Playing the Guitar + +Con la guitarra + +Mit der Laute + +Une joueuse de guitare + +Con la chitarra] + +[Illustration: Sevilla + +General View of the Town from the Giralda Tower of the Cathedral + +Vista general, tomada desde la Giralda + +Blick vom Turm der Kathedrale (der Giralda) über die Stadt + +Vue générale, prise de la Giralda (tour de la cathédrale) + +Veduta dalla citta dalla torre (la Giralda) della Cattedrale] + +[Illustration: Sevilla + +The Golden Tower and the Cathedral + +La torre de Oro y la Catedral + +Der Goldturm und die Kathedrale + +La tour d’or et la cathédrale + +La torre dell’ora e la Cattedrale] + +[Illustration: Sevilla + +Details of the City-Hall Façade + +Detalle de la fachada del Ayuntamiento + +Teilstück der Rathausfassade + +Détail de la façade de l’hôtel de ville + +Dettaglio della facciata del Municipio] + +[Illustration: Sevilla + +The Giralda (Cathedral Tower) + +La Giralda + +Die Giralda (Turm der Kathedrale) + +La Giralda (Tour de la cathédrale) + +La Giralda (la torre della Cattedrale)] + +[Illustration: Sevilla-Alcázar + +The Ambassadors’ Hall + +Sala de Embajadores + +Gesandtensaal + +Salle des ambassadeurs + +La Sala degli Ambasciatori] + +[Illustration: Sevilla-Alcázar + +The Dolls’ Court + +Patio de las Muñecas + +Puppenhof + +La cour des poupées + +La Corte delle bambole] + +[Illustration: Sevilla + +In the Alcázar Garden + +En el jardin del Alcázar + +Im Alcázargarten + +Au jardin de l’Alcázar + +Nel giardino dell’Alcázar] + +[Illustration: Sevilla + +In the Alcázar Garden + +En el jardin del Alcázar + +Im Alcázargarten + +Au jardin de l’Alcázar + +Nel giardino dell’Alcázar] + +[Illustration: Sevilla + +Pilate’s House + +Casa de Pilato + +Pilatushaus + +La maison de Pilate + +La Casa di Pilato] + +[Illustration: Sevilla + +Court in Pilate’s House + +Patio de la Casa de Pilato + +Hof im Pilatushaus + +Cour intérieure de la maison de Pilate + +La Casa di Pilato, Corte] [Illustration: Sevilla + +Court Gates, Pilate’s House + +Portada de la Casa de Pilato + +Tür zum Hof des Pilatushauses + +Entrée de la cour de la maison de Pilate + +Porta di accesso alla Corte della Casa di Pilato] + +[Illustration: Sevilla + +Pilate’s House--Grille + +Casa de Pilato--Reja + +Pilatushaus--Fenstergitter + +Fenêtre grillée de la maison de Pilate + +Casa di Pilato. Finestra con grata] + +[Illustration: Sevilla + +Court in Duke Alba’s Palace + +Patio en el palacio del duque de Alba + +Hof im Palast des Herzogs Alba + +Cour intérieure du palais du duc d’Albe + +La Corte nel Cortile del Duca d’Alba] + +[Illustration: Sevilla + +St. Paul’s Convent + +Convento de Sta. Paula + +Kloster Sta. Paula + +Couvent de Sainte Paule + +Il Convento di Santa Paola] + +[Illustration: In Manzanera + +A Manzanera + +In Manzanera + +Dans la Manzanera + +En Manzanera] + +[Illustration: Court in Carmona + +Patio en Carmona + +Hof in Carmona + +Une cour de maison à Carmona + +Il cortile in una casa di Carmona] + +[Illustration: Court in Andújar + +Patio en Andújar + +Hof in Andújar + +Une cour de maison à Andújar + +Il cortile in una casa di Andújar] + +[Illustration: Court in Tarifa + +Patio en Tarifa + +Hof in Tarifa + +Une cour de maison à Tarifa + +Il cortile in una casa di Tarifa] + +[Illustration: Court in Tarifa + +Patio en Tarifa + +Hof in Tarifa + +Une cour de maison à Tarifa + +Il cortile in una casa di Tarifa] + +[Illustration: Court in Vejer + +Patio en Vejer + +Hof in Vejer + +Une cour de maison à Vejer + +Il cortile in una casa di Vejer] + +[Illustration: Court in Arcos de la Frontera + +Patio en Arcos de la Frontera + +Hof In Arcos de la Frontera + +Une cour de maison à Arcos de la Frontera + +Il cortile in una casa di Arcos de la Frontera] + +[Illustration: Court in Arcos de la Frontera + +Patio en Arcos de la Frontera + +Hof in Arcos de la Frontera + +Une cour de maison à Arcos de la Frontera + +Il cortile di una casa a Arcos de la Frontera] + +[Illustration: Cordoba + +Facade of the Mosque + +Fachada de la Mezquita + +Fassade der Moschee + +Façade de la mosquée + +Facciata della Moschea] + +[Illustration: Cordoba + +Columns in the Mosque + +Columnas en la Mezquita + +Säulenwald der Moschee + +Le fouillis des colonnes à l’intérieur de la mosquée + +La selva delle colonne nell’interno della Moschea] + +[Illustration: Cordoba + +Mihrab Mosque (Holy of Holies) + +Mezquita--Mihrab + +Moschee--Mihrab (Allerheiligstes) + +La Mosquée: le Mihrab (sanctuaire) + +La Moschee: Mihrab (santuario)] + +[Illustration: Cordoba + +Interior of the Mosque + +En la Mezquita + +Moscheeinneres + +Intérieur de la mosquée + +L’interno della Moschee] + +[Illustration: Cordoba + +Mosque--View of the High Altar + +Mezquita--Vista del altar mayor + +Moschee--Blick zum Hochaltar + +La Mosquée: vue du maître-autel + +La Moschea: veduta dell’altar maggiore] + +[Illustration: Cordoba + +Mosque--View from the Choir + +Mezquita--Vista desde el Coro + +Moschee--Blick aus dem Choreinbau + +La Mosquée vue de choeur + +La Moschea: veduta del Coro] + +[Illustration: Cordoba + +Mosque--Capilla de St. Fernando + +Mezquita--Capilla de S. Fernando + +Moschee--Capilla S. Fernando + +La Mosquée: chapelle de Saint Ferdinand + +La Moschea: Cappella di S. Ferdinando] + +[Illustration: Cordoba + +Mosque--Capilla de St. Fernando + +Mezquita--Capilla de S. Fernando + +Moschee--Capilla S. Fernando + +La Mosquée: chapelle de Saint Ferdinand + +La Moschea: Cappella di S. Ferdinando] + +[Illustration: Cordoba + +Mosque--The Court of Oranges + +Mezquita--Patio de las Naranjas + +Moschee--Orangenhof + +La Mosquée: cour des orangers + +La Moschea: La corte degli aranci] + +[Illustration: Cordoba + +Hermitage + +Ermita + +Einsiedelei + +L’Ermitage + +Eremo] + +[Illustration: Cordoba + +Fountain + +Fuente + +Brunnen + +Une fontaine + +Fontana] + +[Illustration: Straw Cart + +Carro para cargar paja + +Karren für Stroh + +Une charrette pour le transport da la paille + +Una carretta per il trasporto della paglia] + +[Illustration: Ronda] + +[Illustration: Ronda] + +[Illustration: Antequera] + +[Illustration: Antequera.--Plaza S. Sebastian] [Illustration: Antequera + +Chapel of the Virgin of Succour + +Capilla de la Virgen del Socorro + +Kapelle der hilfespendenden Jungfrau + +Chapelle de Notre-Dame de Bon Secours + +Cappella della Madonna del Buon soccorso] + +[Illustration: Jerez de la Frontera + +Cartuja--Cypress Court + +Cartuja--Patio de los cipreses + +Cartuja--Zypressenhof + +Cartuja: la cour des cyprès + +Cartuja: Il cortile del cipressi] + +[Illustration: Ecija + +Staircase in the Marquis of Peñaflor’s Palace + +Escalera en el palacio del Marqués de Peñaflor + +Treppenaufgang im Palast des Marqués de Peñaflor + +Cage d’escalier au palais du marquis de Peñaflor + +Scala nel palazzo del Marchese de Peñaflor] + +[Illustration: Ecija + +Court In the Marquis of Peñaflor’s Palace + +Patio en el palacio del Marqués de Peñaflor + +Hof im Palast des Marqués de Peñaflor + +Cour Intérieure du palais du marquis de Peñaflor + +La Corte nell palazzo del Marchese de Peñaflor] + +[Illustration: Carmona--Castillo] + +[Illustration: Alcala de Guadaira--Castillo] + +[Illustration: Arcos de la Frontera] + +[Illustration: El Chorro] + +[Illustration: Martos] + +[Illustration: Martos] + +[Illustration: Algatocin] + +[Illustration: Güejar-Sierra (Sierra Nevada)] + +[Illustration: In a Wayside Inn (Sierra Nevada) + +En una posada (Sierra Nevada) + +In einer Wegschenke (Sierra Nevada) + +Intérieure d’une posada (auberge) da la Sierra Nevada + +In una trattoria. Sierra Nevada] + +[Illustration: In the Sierra Nevada (Holm Oak) + +En la Sierra Nevada + +In der Sierra Nevada (Steineichen) + +Chênes rouvres dans la Sierra Nevada + +Nella Sierra Nevada. Lecci] + +[Illustration: Niebla] + +[Illustration: Niebla] + +[Illustration: Zafra + +Court in St. Miguel’s Hospital + +Patio en el hospital de S. Miguel + +Hof im Hospital S. Miguel + +Cour de l’hopital Saint-Michel + +Ospedale di S. Michele. Il cortile] + +[Illustration: Cáceres.] + +[Illustration: Cáceres + +Water-Carriers + +Mujeres con jarros de agua + +Wasserträgerinnen + +Porteuses d’eau + +Portatrici d’acqua] + +[Illustration: Trujillo + +Chief Square + +Plaza mayor + +Hauptplatz + +La grande place + +La piazza principale] + +[Illustration: Trujillo + +Santiago Gate + +Puerta de Santiago + +Santiagotor + +La porte Saint-Jacques + +La porta di Santiago] + +[Illustration: Trujillo + +Old Town-Gate + +Puerta antigua + +Altes Stadttor + +Vieille porte d’entrée + +Un’antica porta della città] + +[Illustration: Village in South Estremadura + +Aldehuela en el sur de Estremadura + +Dorf in Süd-Estremadura + +Un village de l’Estremadura méridionale + +Villagio di capanne nell’ Estremadura meridionale] + +[Illustration: Inn (South Estremadura) + +Venta (en el sur de Estremadura) + +Schenke (Süd-Estremadura) + +Une buvette dans l’Estremadure méridionale + +Osteria (Estremadura meridionale)] + +[Illustration: Moorish women of Christian persuasion who still wear the +veil in Mochagar-Vejer + +Mujer en Mochagar-Vejer llevando la cara tapada como las marroquínas + +Eine der noch heut maurisch verschleiert gehenden Christenfrauen in +Mochagar-Vejer + +Une des femmes chrétiennes qui vont encore voilées aujourd’hui comme au +temps des Maures d’Espagne + +Una donna cristiana che va ancor oggi velata all’uso marocchino] + +[Illustration: Mochagar] + +[Illustration: Cave Dwellings (Province of Almeria) None of the caves +shown in this book are prehistoric. They are still excavated and +inhabited + +Cuevas en las rocas (Prov. de Almería) + +Höhlenfels (Prov. Almeria) Alle in diesem Werk wiedergegebenen Höhlen +sind nicht vorgeschichtlich; sie werden noch jetzt gegraben und bewohnt + +Cavernes dans le roc. (Province d’Almeria) Toutes ces cavernes ne sont +pas des formations préhistoriques; on en creuse maintenant encore pour +les habiter. + +Caverne nella roccia (Provincia d’Almeria) Tutte le caverne riprodotte +in quest’opera non sono di formazione preistorica, ma si contina a +scavarle anche al giorno d’oggi] + +[Illustration: Cave Dwellings (Province of Almeria) + +Cuevas en las rocas (Prov. de Almería) + +Höhlenfels (Prov. Almeria) + +Cavernes dans le roc (Province d’Almeria) + +Caverne nella roccia (Provincia d’Almeria)] + +[Illustration: Cave Dwellings (Province of Almeria) + +Cuevas en las rocas (Prov. de Almería) + +Höhlenfels (Prov. Almeria) + +Cavernes dans le roc (Province d’Almeria) + +Caverne nella roccia (Provincia d’Almeria)] + +[Illustration: Cave Dwellings (Province of Almeria) + +Cuevas en las rocas (Prov. de Almería) + +Höhlenfels (Prov. Almeria) + +Cavernes dans le roc (Province d’Almeria) + +Caverne nella roccia (Provincia d’Almeria)] + +[Illustration: Cave Town (Sierra de Guadix) The chimneys of the +dwellings are seen projecting out of the rocks + +Población de cuevas (Sierra de Guadix) Se ven las chimeneas de las +cuevas, saliendo de tierra + +Höhlenstadt (Sierra de Guadix) Aus der Erde ragen die Schornsteine der +Wohnhäuser hervor + +Une ville souterraine (Sierra de Guadix) On ne voit surgir de terre que +les cheminées des habitations + +Una città di caverne (Sierra de Guadix) Si vedono sorgere dal suolo i +camini delle caverne] + +[Illustration: Cave Town (Sierra de Guadix) + +Población de Cuevas (Sierra de Guadix) + +Höhlenstadt (Sierra de Guadix) + +Habitations souterraines (Sierra de Guadix) + +(Sierra de Guadix) Città di caverne] + +[Illustration: Cave Town (Sierra de Guadix) + +Población de Cuevas (Sierra de Guadix) + +Höhlenstadt (Sierra de Guadix) + +Habitations souterraines (Sierra de Guadix) + +Città di caverne (Sierra de Guadix)] + +[Illustration: Cave Town (Sierra de Guadix) + +Población de Cuevas (Sierra de Guadix) + +Höhlenstadt (Sierra de Guadix) + +Habitations souterraines (Sierra de Guadix) + +Città di caverne (Sierra de Guadix)] + +[Illustration: Guadix] + +[Illustration: In the Palm Forest of Elche + +Las palmeras de Elche + +Im Palmenwald von Elche + +Elche: au milieu des palmiers + +Il palmizio di Elche] + +[Illustration: In the Palm Forest of Elche (A date-picker in the +tree-top) + +Las palmeras de Elche + +Im Palmenwald von Elche (Im Baumwipfel ein Dattelpflücker) + +Elche: la récolte des dattes. (L’homme grimpé au sommet du palmier en +détachera les régimes de fruits) + +Nel palmizio di Elche (Sulla palma un uomo che coglie datteri)] + +[Illustration: Elche + +Evening in the Palm Forest + +Caia la tarde + +Abend im Palmenhain + +Effet de soir + +Il tramonto nel palmizio] + +[Illustration: Orihuela] + +[Illustration: Orihuela] + +[Illustration: Orihuela + +Huerta Hut + +Barraca de la huerta + +Huertahütte + +Barraque de la Huerta + +Capanna] + +[Illustration: Near Orihuela + +Cercanias de Orihuela + +Bei Orihuela + +Environs d’Orihuela + +Presso Orihuela] + +[Illustration: Javea (Denia) + +Church of Calvary + +Iglesia del calvario + +Kalvarienbergkirchlein + +L’église du calvaire + +La chiesetta del Calvario] + +[Illustration: Gateway to the Mount of Calvary, Sagunt + +Puerta del calvario de Sagunto + +Tor zum Kalvarienberg bei Sagunt + +Environ de Sagoute: Accès et entrée du Calvaire + +La porta del Calvario presso Sagunto] + +[Illustration: Sagunto, Roman Castle + +Sagunto, Castillo romano + +Sagunt, Römische Burg + +La citadelle romaine + +Castello romano] + +[Illustration: Jativa + +Castle + +Castillo + +Burg + +Le Château-fort + +Castello] + +[Illustration: Jativa + +View of the Castle + +Vista del Castillo + +Blick zur Burg + +Vue sur le Château-fort + +Veduta del Castello] + +[Illustration: Jativa + +On Mount Calvary + +El Calvario + +Am Kalvarienberg + +Le Calvaire + +Il Calvario] + +[Illustration: Valencia + +Gateway of the Marquis de Dos Aguas Palace + +Portada del Palacio del Marqués de Dos Aguas + +Portal des Palastes des Marqés de Dos Aguas + +Portail du palais du marquis de Dos Aguas + +Portale del Palazzo del Marchese de Dos Aguas] + +[Illustration: Andújar + +Grille + +Reja + +Fenstergitter + +Fenêtre grillée + +Una finestra con grata] + +[Illustration: Huts on the banks of the Albufera near Valencia + +Barracas de La Albufera cerca de Valencia + +Albuferahütten bei Valencia + +Environs de Valence: Cabanes de l’Albufera + +Capanne di Albufera presso Valenza] + +[Illustration: Huerta Huts near Valencia + +Barracas de la Huerta de Valencia + +Huertahütten bei Valencia + +Maisons de paysans de la Huerta + +Capanne di Huerta presso Valenza] + +[Illustration: Guadalest Castle (Prov. of Alicante) + +Castillo Guadalest (Prov. de Alicante) + +Castillo Guadalest (Prov. Alicante) + +Château de Guadalest (Province d’Alicante) + +Castello di Guadalest (Provincia di Alicante)] + +[Illustration: Monte Agudo (Prov. de Murcia) + +Mount Agudo (Prov. of Murcia)] + +[Illustration: Cuenca] + +[Illustration: Cuenca] + +[Illustration: The Jerez mantilla + +Con la mantilla jerezana + +Im Schmuck der Mantilla von Jerez + +Sous la mantille (Femme de Jerez) + +Mantiglia jerezana] + +[Illustration: With the mantilla + +Con la mantilla + +Im Schmuck der Spitzenmantilla (als Hintergrund die Manton) + +En mantille de dentelle + +Mantiglia a merletti] + +[Illustration: La Argentinita, Spain’s most celebrated dancer wearing +the Manton (shawl) + +La Argentinita + +Argentinita, Spaniens berühmteste Tänzerin im Schmuck der Manton +(Schultertuch) + +La Argentinita, la plus célèbre danseuse de l’Espagne avec la mante +espagnole sur les épaules + +Argentinita, la più celebre ballerina della Spagna, con sulle spalle il +caratteristico Manton spagnole] + +[Illustration: Entrance of the bull-fighters into the Madrid Arena + +El despejo en la plaza de toros de Madrid + +Einzug der Stierkämfer in die Arena von Madrid + +Entrée du cortège dans l’arène avant la corrida (Madrid) + +Ingresso del toreadori nell’Arena di Madrid] + +[Illustration: Madrid + +The Throne-Room in the Royal Castle + +Sala del Trono en el Palacio Real + +Thronsaal des Königlichen Schlosses + +La salle du trône au Château royal + +La Sala del Trono nel Palazzo Reale] + +[Illustration: In the Royal Castle El Pardo near Madrid + +En el Pardo + +Im Königlichen Schloß El Pardo bei Madrid + +Une salle du château royal d’el Pardo près de Madrid + +Nel Palazzo Reale El Pardo, presso Madrid] + +[Illustration: Madrid] + +[Illustration: Escorial] + +[Illustration: Escorial] + +[Illustration: Escorial + +Court of the Evangelists + +Patio de los Evangelistas + +Evangelistenhof + +Cour des evangelistes + +La corte degli evangelisti] + +[Illustration: Escorial + +Throne-Room + +Sala del Trono + +Thronsaal + +La salle du trône + +La sala del Trono] + +[Illustration: Escorial + +The Library + +La biblioteca + +Die Bibliothek + +La Bibliothèque + +La Biblioteca] + +[Illustration: In the Escorial Palace: on the walls tapestries after +Goya’s paintings + +Palacio del Escorial + +Im Palast des Escorial: an den Wänden Gobelins nach Goyaschen Gemälden + +Le Château de l’Escurial. Tapisseries des Gobelins d’après des peintures +de Goya + +Nel Palazzo dell’Escorial. Alle pareti tappeti Gobelins con riproduzione +delle pitture di Goya] + +[Illustration: Escorial + +Philip II. Study + +Despacho de Felipe II + +Arbeitszimmer Philips II + +Cabinet de travail de Philippe II + +Gabinetto da lavoro di Filippo II] + +[Illustration: Aranjuez--Casa de Labrador + +The Platinum Hall + +Sala de Platino + +Platinsaal + +Maison de Labrador. La salle de platine + +Casa de Labrador. Sala del platino] + +[Illustration: Aranjuez + +In the Casa de Labrador + +En la Casa de Labrador + +In der Casa de Labrador + +Intérieur de la maison de Labrador + +Nella Casa de Labrador] + +[Illustration: Aranjuez + +The Palace Garden + +Jardín del Palacio + +Schloßgarten + +Le jardin du palais + +Giardino del Palazzo] + +[Illustration: Toledo] + +[Illustration: Toledo + +Tajo Valley and St. Martin Bridge + +Valle del Tajo y puente de S. Martin + +Tajotal und San Martinbrücke + +La vallée du Tage et le pont St. Martin + +La valle del Tajo dal ponte di S. Martino] + +[Illustration: Toledo + +Alcantara Bridge and St. Servando Castle + +Puente Alcantara y Castillo S. Servando + +Alcantarabrücke und Castillo S. Servando + +Pont d’Alcantara, et château de St. Servando + +Il Ponte d’Alcantara e il Castello di S. Servando] + +[Illustration: Toledo + +Alcantara Bridge with the Alcazar in the background + +Puente Alcantara en el fondo el Alcazar + +Alcantarabrücke, überragt vom Alcazar + +Le Pont d’Alcantara, dominé par l’Alcazar + +Il Ponte Alcantara e in alto, in fondo, Alcazar] + +[Illustration: Toledo + +View through the gateway of the Alcantara Bridge + +Vista tomada desde la puerta del puente Alcantara + +Blick durch das Brückentor der Alcantarabrücke + +Vue de la porte d’entrée du pont d’Alcantara + +Veduta del Ponte d’Alcantare dal Portone del Ponte stesso] + +[Illustration: Toledo + +Staircase in St. Cruz Hospital + +Escalera del hospital de Sta. Cruz + +Treppe des Hospitals Sta. Cruz + +Escalier de l’hôpital Santa-Cruz + +Scala dell’ospedale di Santa Cruz] + +[Illustration: Toledo + +In the court of the Casa Greco + +En el patio de la Casa del Greco + +Im Hof des Grecohauses + +Cour de la maison du Grec + +Cortile della Casa del Greco] + +[Illustration: Toledo + +Cloister of St. Juan de los reyes + +Claustro de S. Juan de los reyes + +S. Juan de los reyes, Kreuzgang + +Cloître de St. Jean de los reyes + +Loggiato del Chiostro di S. Juan de los reyes] + +[Illustration: Toledo + +Cathedral Spire + +Torre de la Catedral + +Turm der Kathedrale + +Tour de la Cathédrale + +Il campanile della Cattedrale] + +[Illustration: Toledo] + +[Illustration: Ox-cart + +Carro de bueyes + +Ochsenkarren + +Chariot attelé de boeufs + +Carro tirato da buol] + +[Illustration: Lagartera Costume (Prov. of Toledo) + +Traje de Lagartera (Prov. de Toledo) + +Tracht von Lagartera (Prov. Toledo) + +Jeune femme de Lagartera (Province de Tolède) + +Costume di Lagartera (Prov. di Toledo)] + +[Illustration: Lagartera Wedding Dress (Prov. of Toledo) + +Traje de boda de Lagartera (Prov. de Toledo) + +Hochzeitstracht von Lagartera (Prov. Toledo) + +Une noce à Lagartera (Province de Tolède) Les maries + +Veste nuziale di Lagartera (Prov. di Toledo)] + +[Illustration: Forest Chapel + +Capilla en el bosque + +Waldkapelle + +Calvaire et chapelle champêtres + +Cappella silvestre] + +[Illustration: Ruins of the Cloister in Yuste Convent + +Ruinas del Claustro de Yuste + +Ruinen des Kreuzganges im Kloster Yuste + +Ruines du monastère de Yuste + +Rovine nel Chiostro di Yuste] + +[Illustration: Aldeanueva de la Vera] + +[Illustration: In the village-square of Cepeda before the bull-fight + +Antes de la novillada en la plaza de la aldea da Cepeda + +Vor dem Stierkampf auf dem Dorfplatz von Cepeda + +Avant le combat de taureaux sur la place de Cepeda + +Prima della Corrida di tori nella piazza del villaggio di Cepeda] + +[Illustration: Segovian shepherd + +Pastor segoviano + +Segovianischer Hirt + +Un berger ségovien + +Pastore segoviano] + +[Illustration: Segovia] + +[Illustration: Segovia + +The Cathedral + +La Catedral + +Kathedrale + +La Cathédrale + +La Cattedrale] + +[Illustration: Segovia + +The Roman Aqueduct + +El acueducto romano + +Römischer Aquädukt + +L’aqueduc romain + +Acquedotti romani] + +[Illustration: Segovianian peasant. In the background the Segovia +Alcázar + +Aldeano segoviano, en el fondo el Alcázar de Segovia + +Segovianischer Bauer, im Hintergrund der Alcazar von Segovia + +Un paysan ségovien. A l’arrière-plan: l’Alcazar de Ségovia + +Contadino segoviano, e, in fondo, l’Alcazar di Segovia] + +[Illustration: Segovia--Alcázar] + +[Illustration: Segovia, Casa de los Picos] + +[Illustration: Segovia] + +[Illustration: Mount of Calvary near Segovia + +Calvario de Segovia + +Kalvarienberg bei Segovia + +La Calvaire de Ségovie + +Il Calvario di Segovia] + +[Illustration: “My God, how lonely, are the dead" (Becquer) + +“Dios mio, que solos se quedan los muertos" (Becquer) + +“Mein Gott, wie einsam bleiben doch die Toten" (Becquer) + +“Mon Dieu, combien est grande la solitude des morts"! (Becquer) + +“Dio mio, in che abbandono riposano i morti"! (Becquer)] + +[Illustration: Avila] + +[Illustration: Avila + +The Town Wall + +La muralla + +Stadtmauer + +Les murailles de la ville + +La mura della città] + +[Illustration: Avila + +St. Vincent Gate + +Puerta de S. Vicente + +Stadttor S. Vicente + +La Porte Saint-Vincent + +La porta di S. Vicente] + +[Illustration: Avila + +The Cathedral apse. The strongest fortified tower of the town with +sheltered passages and machicolations + +Apside de la Catedral como torre mas fuerte de defensa con +circunvalación + +Apsis der Kathedrale als stärkster Verteidigungsturm der Stadtmauer mit +Wehrgang und Pechnasen + +Abside de la cathédrale servant de principale tour de défense, avec +chemin de ronde et mâchicoulis + +L’Abside della Cattedrale serve di potente torre di difesa, munita di +cammino di ronda] + +[Illustration: Turrégano, Castillo] + +[Illustration: Turrégano, Castillo] + +[Illustration: Sepúlveda] + +[Illustration: Sepúlveda] + +[Illustration: Bull-fight in the market-place of Sepúlveda + +Becerrada en la plaza mayor de Sepúlveda + +Stierkampfspiel auf dem Marktplatz von Sepúlveda + +Combat de taureaux sur la place du marché, à Sepúlveda + +Giuochi di corrida nella piazza del Mercato di Sepúlveda] + +[Illustration: Bull-fight in the market-place of Sepúlveda. (The matador +is about to give the final thrust) + +Novillada en la plaza mayor de Sepúlveda. + +Stierkampf auf dem Marktplatz von Sepúlveda. (Der Stierkämpfer im +Begriff, den Todesstoß zu tun) + +Combat de taureaux sur la place du marché, à Sepúlveda. (Le matador va +porter le coup de mort à l’animal) + +Corrida nella Piazza del Mercato di Sepúlveda. (Il Toreador nell’atto di +vibrare il colpo mortale)] + +[Illustration: Medinaceli + +The Market + +Plaza mayor + +Marktplatz + +La place du marché + +La Piazza del Mercato] + +[Illustration: Medinaceli, Capilla Humilladero] + +[Illustration: Guadalajara + +Palace of the Infantado + +Palacio del Infantado + +Palast del Infantado + +Palais de l’Infante + +Palazzo del Infantado] + +[Illustration: Guadalajara-Palacio del Infantado + +Entrance-Hall and view of the Court + +Entrada y vista del patio + +Eintrittshalle und Blick in den Hof + +Vestibule d’entrée et vue dans la cour + +Ingresso e veduta della corte] + +[Illustration: Guadalajara + +In the court of the Palace of the Infantado + +En el patio del palacio del Infantado + +Im Hof des Palastes del Infantado + +Cour du palais de l’Infante + +Nella corte del palazzo dell’ Infantado] + +[Illustration: Guadalajara + +In the court of the Palace of the Infantado + +En el patio del palacio del Infantado + +Im Hof des Palastes del Infantado + +Cour du palais de l’Infante + +Nella corte del palazzo dell’ Infantado] + +[Illustration: Castillo Peñafiel] + +[Illustration: Castillo Mombeltran] + +[Illustration: Castillo Coca] + +[Illustration: Castillo Coca] + +[Illustration: Castillo Coca + +Gate and Watch Tower + +Puerta y torre del homenaje + +Eingangstor und Wartturm + +Porte d’entrée et donjon + +Porta d’ingresso e torre] + +[Illustration: Coca + +Old Town Gate + +Puerta antigua de la ciudad + +Altes Stadttor + +Ancienne porte de la ville + +Vecchia porta della città] + +[Illustration: Sigüenza + +Castle Gate + +Puerta del castillo + +Burgtor + +Porte du vieux château-fort + +Porta del Castello] + +[Illustration: Sigüenza + +Great-Square + +Plaza mayor + +Hauptplatz + +La grande place + +Piazza principale] + +[Illustration: Sigüenza] + +[Illustration: Jérica] + +[Illustration: Albarracín] + +[Illustration: Albarracín] + +[Illustration: Albarracín] + +[Illustration: Daroca] + +[Illustration: City Gate + +Puerta de la ciudad + +Stadttor + +Porte de la ville + +Porta della città] + +[Illustration: Daroca] + +[Illustration: Tarragona + +St. Tecia Gate + +Puerta de Sta. Tecia + +Tor der Santa Tecia + +Porte de Sainte Tecia + +Porta di Santa Tecia] + +[Illustration: Tarragona + +Cathedral Cloisters + +Claustro de la Catedral + +Kreuzgang der Kathedrale + +Cloître de la cathédrale + +Navata della Cattedrale] + +[Illustration: Barcelona + +Stairway In the Court of the Damases House + +Escalera en el patio de la casa de Damases + +Treppe im Hof des Hauses Damases + +Escalier dans la cour de la maison Damases + +Scala nel cortile del Palazzo Damases] + +[Illustration: The Montserrat. Monistrol at the foot + +El Montserrat. En primer termino Monistrol + +Der Montserrat, im Vordergrund Monistrol + +Le Montserrat, avec Monistrol au premier plan + +Il Montserrat. Sul davanti Monistrol] + +[Illustration: Gerona] + +[Illustration: Gerona + +Steps of St. Domingo + +Escalera de Sto. Domingo + +Treppe von S. Domingo + +Escalier de Saint Domingue + +La scala di S. Domingo] + +[Illustration: Castellfullit (Cataluña) + +The town is built on basalt columns + +El pueblo se levanta sobre columnas de basalto + +Der Ort ist auf Säulenbasalt erbaut + +La petite ville est bâtie sur des roches de basalte + +Il Paese e stato costruito su colonne di basalto] + +[Illustration: Pyrenees, Segre Valley + +Pirineos, Valle del Segre + +Pyrenäen, im Segretal + +La vallée de la Sègre dans les Pyrenées + +Valle del Segre] + +[Illustration: Pyrenees, Road to Nuria + +Pirineos, Camino de Nuria + +Pyrenäen, Weg nach Nuria + +Les Pyrenées: Route de Nuria + +Pirenei, Via di Nuria] + +[Illustration: Pyrenees, de las Debotas Gorge (Rio Cinca) + +Pirineos, Paso de las Debotas (Rio Cinca) + +Pyrenäen, Engpaß de las Debotas (Rio Cinca) + +Les Pyrenées: Les gorges de las Debotas (Rio Cinca) + +Pirenei, Passo de las Debotas (Rio Cinca)] + +[Illustration: Pyrenees. Castellbó + +Pirineos. En Castellbó + +Pyrenäen, in Castellbó + +Les Pyrenées: Castellbo + +Pirenei. A Castellbó] + +[Illustration: Pyrenees St. Juan de Plan + +Pirineos. S. Juan de Plan + +Pyrenäen. S. Juan de Plan + +Les Pyrenées: Saint-Jean de Plan + +Pirenei. S. Juan de Plan] + +[Illustration: Pyrenees-Alquezar + +Pirineos-Alquezar + +Pyrenäen-Alquezar + +Les Pyrenées: Alquezar + +Pirenei-Alquezar] + +[Illustration: Alquezar] + +[Illustration: Alquezar] + +[Illustration: Pyrenees. In Bielsa + +Pirineos. En Bielsa + +Pyrenäen. In Bielsa + +Les Pyrenées: Bielsa + +Pirenei. In Bielsa] + +[Illustration: Pirineos. Peña Montañesa] + +[Illustration: Pyrenees. Pic du midi + +Pirineos. Pico del Mediodia + +Pyrenäen. Pic du midi + +Les Pyrenées: Le pic du midi + +Pirenei. Picco del Mezzogiorno] + +[Illustration: Pyrenees. Sea of Brachimaña, near Panticosa + +Lago da Brachimaña cerca de Panticosa + +Pyrenäen. Brachimañasee bei Panticosa + +Les Pyrenées: Le lac de Brachimaña, près de Panticosa + +Pirenei. Lago di Brachimaña presso Panticosa] + +[Illustration: El Aneto + +The highest summit of the Pyrenees (3404 m) in the foreground a crevasse + +El pico mas alto de los Pirineos (3404 m). En el primer termino un +barranco de hielo + +Der höchste Gipfel der Pyrenäen (3404 m) im Vordergrund eine +Gletscherspalte + +Le plus haut sommet des Pyrenées (3404 mètres) au premier plan une +crevasse dans le glacier + +La più alta vetta del Pirenei (3404 m). Sul davanti la fenditura di un +ghiacciaio] + +[Illustration: Pyrenees. View from the Pic de Aneto + +Pirineos. Vista tomada desde el Pico de Aneto + +Pyrenäen. Blick vom Pic de Aneto + +Les Pyrenées: Vue prise du pic d’Aneto + +Pirenei. Veduta dei monti dal Picco de Aneto] + +[Illustration: Pyrenees. The Maladeta seen from the Pic de Aneto + +Pirineos. El Maldeta visto desde el Pico de Aneto + +Pyrenäen. Der Maladeta vom Pic de Aneto aus gesehen + +Les Pyrenées: La Maladetta, vue du pic d’Aneto + +Pirenei. La Maledetta, vista dal Picco de Aneto] + +[Illustration: Saragossa. El Pilar Cathedral + +Zaragoza, El Pilar + +Zaragoza, Kathedrale El Pilar + +Nôtre-Dame del Pilar (Cathédrale) + +Saragozza, La Cattedrale El Pilar] + +[Illustration: Saragossa. El Pilar + +Zaragoza. El Pilar + +Zaragoza. El Pilar + +Saragosse: Effet de crepiscule et Notre-Dame del Pilar + +Saragozza. El Pilar] + +[Illustration: Aragonese drinking from a wine skin + +Aragones, bebiendo de la bota + +Aragonese, aus dem Weinschlauch trinkend + +Un Aragonais se desaltère en buvant à même au tuyau de conduite du vin + +Tipo d’Aragonese in atto di bere] + +[Illustration: Tarazona] + +[Illustration: Rock formations of Autol + +Formaciónes en las rocas de Autol + +Felsformationen von Autol + +Le tunnel de la route, à Autol + +Formazione di roccie ad Autol] + +[Illustration: Rock formations of Autol + +Formaciónes en las rocas de Autol + +Felsformationen von Autol + +Bizarres formations rocheuses + +Formazione di roccie ad Autol] + +[Illustration: Burgo de Osma] + +[Illustration: Almazán] + +[Illustration: Soria, S. Juan de Duero-Altar] + +[Illustration: S. Esteban de Gormaz + +Going to church + +Camino de la iglesia + +Kirchgang + +La montée de l’église + +Alla Chiesa] + +[Illustration: Rock formation of St. Esteban de Gormáz + +Formación en las rocas de S. Esteban de Gormáz + +Felsformation von S. Esteban de Gormáz + +St. Esteban de Gormáz: Le Rocher + +Formazione di roccie di S. Esteban de Gormàz] + +[Illustration: Pancorbo] + +[Illustration: Pancorbo] + +[Illustration: Pancorbo] + +[Illustration: Burgos + +The Cathedral + +La Catedral + +Kathedrale + +La Cathédrale + +La Cattedrale] + +[Illustration: Burgos + +Interior of the Cathedral + +Interior de la Catedral + +Inneres der Kathedrale + +Intérieur de la cathédrale + +Interno della Cattedrale] + +[Illustration: Burgos, Cartuja Miraflores + +High-Altar of the Church + +Retablo + +Hochaltar der Kirche + +Le maître autel de l’église des dominicains + +L’Altar Maggiore della Cattedrale] + +[Illustration: Burgos, Cartuja Miraflores + +Sepulchre of the infante Alfonso + +Sepulcro del infante Alfonso + +Grabmal des Infanten Alfonso + +Tombeau de l’infant Alphonse dans l’église des dominicains + +Il sepolcro dell’infante Alfonso] + +[Illustration: Burgos + +In the Garden of the Cartuja Miraflores + +En el jardin de la Cartuja Miraflores + +Im Garten der Cartuja Miraflores + +Le jardin du convent des dominicains + +Nel giardino de la Cartuja Miraflores] + +[Illustration: Lonely Chapel + +Cappella solitaria + +Einsame Kapelle + +Une chapelle solitaire + +Capilla solitaria] + +[Illustration: Arranda de Duero + +Doors of St. Maria + +Portada de la Iglesia Sta. Maria + +Portal der Kirche Santa Maria + +Portail de l’église Sainte-Marie + +Ingresso della Chiesa di S. Maria] + +[Illustration: Valladolid + +Facade of St. Pablo (plateresque style) + +Fachada de S. Pablo (estilo plateresco) + +Fassade der Kirche S. Pablo (im plateresken Stil) + +Façade de l’église Saint-Pablo (style en relief) + +Facciata della Chiesa di S. Paolo (Stile plateresco)] + +[Illustration: Valladolid + +Court of St. Gregorio + +Patio de S. Gregorio + +Hof von S. Gregorio + +Cour de Saint-Grégoire + +Il Cortile di S. Gregorio] + +[Illustration: Valladolid + +Gallery of St. Gregorio + +Galeria de S. Gregorio + +Galerie von S. Gregorio + +Galerie de Saint-Grégoire + +La Galleria di S. Gregorio] + +[Illustration: Toro + +The Cathedral-Doorway of the Carmen Chapel (Former entrance of the +Cathedral) + +Catedral-Portada de la Capilla del Carmen (antigua entrada de la +catedral) + +Kathedrale-Portal der Carmenkapelle (ehemals Eingangstor der Kathedrale) + +La cathédrale: portail de la Chapelle des Carmes (ancienne porte +d’entrée de la Cathédrale) + +La Cattedrale. Ingresso alla Cappella del Carmine (Antico ingresso alla +Cattedrale)] + +[Illustration: Zamora + +Sepulchre of Prince D. Juan Vázquez de Acuña in the church of Santa +Magdalena + +Sepulcro del principe D. Juan Vázquez de Acuña en la iglesia Santa +Magdalena + +Grabmal des Prinzen D. Juan Vásquez de Acuña in der Kirche Santa +Magdalena + +Eglise Sainte-Madeleine: Tombeau du prince D. Juan Vásquez d’Acuña + +Sepolcro del Principe D. Juan Vázquez de Acuña nella Chiesa di Santa +Magdalena] + +[Illustration: Salamanca + +The Cathedral + +La Catedral + +Kathedrale + +La Cathédrale + +La Cattedrale] + +[Illustration: Salamanca + +Doorway of the University + +Portada de la Universidad + +Portal der Universität + +Portail de l’Université + +Portale dell’Università] + +[Illustration: Salamanca + +University. Staircase with alto-relievo (the relievos on the upper part +showing knights in a bull-fight) + +Universidad. La escalera (en el relieve superior una corrida de toros en +la Edad Media) + +Universität. Platereske Treppe (an der oberen Treppenwange Darstellung +eines Ritterstierkampfes) + +L’Université: Escalier du style en relief (sur le limon supérieur est +représenté un combat de taureaux au Moyen-âge) + +Università. La scalinata. Nella parte superiore della Scala è +raffigurata una corrida di tori] + +[Illustration: Salamanca + +Inner Doorway in the court of the Escuelas menores (lower school) + +Entrada y patio de las Escuelas menores (hospital del estudio) + +Inneres Portal im Hof der Escuelas menores (niedere Schule) + +Portail intérieur dans la cour des Escuelas menores (écoles mineures) + +Portale interno nel cortile della Scuola inferiore] + +[Illustration: Ciudad Rodrigo + +Door of palace + +Portada de un palacio + +Portal eines Palastes + +Portail d’un palais + +Ingresso d’un palazzo] + +[Illustration: Ciudad Rodrigo + +Market-place + +Plaza mayor + +Marktplatz + +La grande place (Place du marché) + +La Piazza del Mercato] + +[Illustration: Costumes in Candelario + +Traje de Candelario + +Tracht von Candelario + +Femmes de Candelario + +Costumi di Candelario] + +[Illustration: Candelario (Prov. Salamanca)] + +[Illustration: Costumes in La Alberca (Prov. of Salamanca) + +Traje de La Alberca (Prov. de Salamanca) + +Tracht von La Alberca (Prov. Salamanca) + +Une famille de paysans de la Alberca. (Province de Salamanque) + +Costumi di La Alberca (Prov. di Salamanca)] + +[Illustration: A Mule-Ride + +Paseo en mula + +Maultierritt + +En route sur la mule + +Cavalcata sul mulo] + +[Illustration: Festal costume in La Alberca (four-strand gold chain--old +family ornament) + +Traje festivo de La Alberca (las cadenas de oro son una joya de familia) + +Festtracht von La Alberca (vielreihige Goldketten--alter Familienbesitz) + +Femme de la Alberca en costume de cérémonie (Les colliers en or à +plusieurs rangées proviennent d’un très ancien héritage de famille) + +Costume festivo a La Alberca (Piu fili de catene d’oro, eredità di +famiglia)] + +[Illustration: Festal costume in La Alberca + +Traje festivo de la Alberca + +Festtracht von La Alberca + +Femme de la Alberca en costume de fête + +Giovinetta di La Alberca in costume festivo] + +[Illustration: In Mogarraz (Prov. of Salamanca) + +En Mogarraz (Prov. de Salamanca) + +In Mogarraz (Prov. Salamanca) + +A Mogarraz (Province de Salamanque)] + +A Mogarraz (Provincia die Salamanca) + +[Illustration: Hurdanos at the well + +Hurdanos en la fuente + +Hurdesbewohner am Brunnen + +Hurdanos à la fontaine + +Hurdani alla fontana] + +[Illustration: The Monastery of Las Batuecas + +El Monasterio de Las Batuecas + +Kloster Batuecas + +Le Monastère de Las Batuecas + +Il Monastero di Las Batuecas] + +[Illustration: Doorway of the Monastery of Las Batuecas + +Portada del Monasterio de Las Batuecas + +Pforte des Klosters Batuecas + +Porte d’entrée du monastère de Las Batuecas + +Ingresso del Monastero Las Batuecas] + +[Illustration: In the monastery school + +En la escuela del monasterio + +In der Klosterschule + +L’école au monastère + +Nella scuola del Monastero] + +[Illustration: The beauty of the woods (Batuecas) + +Encanto del bosque (Batuecas) + +Waldespracht (Batuecas) + +Dans la forêt (Batuecas) + +Nella foresta (Batuecas)] + +[Illustration: Door-post of the chapel of St. Miguel de Lino near Oviedo +(erected by Ramiro I. about 845) + +Poste de la Capilla S. Miguel de Lino (Oviedo) (edificada por Ramiro I. +por los años de 845) + +Pfosten der Kapelle S. Miguel de Lino bei Oviedo (von Ramiro I. um 845 +erbaut) + +Un pilier de la Chapelle de St. Michel de Lino (Oviedo) (bâtie par +Ramiro Ier en 845) + +Pilastro della Cappella di S. Michele de Lino (Oviedo) (Costruito da +Ramiro I. nell’anno 845)] + +[Illustration: Interior of the Chapel of St. Maria de Naranco near +Oviedo (erected about 845) + +Interior de la Capilla Sta. Maria de Naranco (Oviedo) (edificada por los +años de 845) + +Inneres der Kapelle Santa Maria de Naranco bei Oviedo (um 845 erbaut) + +Intérieur de la chapelle de Ste. Marie de Naranco (Oviedo) (bâtie en +845) + +Interno della Cappella di Santa Maria de Naranco (Oviedo) (Costruita +nell’ anno 845)] + +[Illustration: The Gorge of Hermida in the Picos de Europa (Asturia) + +Desfiladero de Hermida en los Picos de Europa (Asturias) + +Engpaß von Hermida in den Picos de Europa (Asturien) + +Défilé de Hermida à Los Picos de Europa (Asturies) + +Passo di Hermida nel Picos d’Europa (Asturie)] + +[Illustration: Gorge In the Sella Valley (Picos de Europa) + +Desfiladero de Sella (Picos de Europa) + +Im Sellafal (Picos de Europa) + +Gorge de la Sella (Picos de Europa) + +Nella valle del Sella (Pico d’Europa)] + +[Illustration: Asturian Bridge (Picos de Europa) + +Puente asturiano (Picos de Europa) + +Asturianische Brücke (Picos de Europa) + +Un pont des Asturies (Picos de Europa) + +Ponte asturiano (Pico d’Europa)] + +[Illustration: Eucalyptus Avenue near Ribadesella + +Alameda de Eucaliptos (Ribadesella) + +Eukalyptusallee bei Ribadesella + +Allée d’eucalyptus près de Ribadesella + +Viale fiancheggiato di eucalitti a Ribadesella] + +[Illustration: Potes (Picos de Europa)] + +[Illustration: Potes] + +[Illustration: Potes (Picos de Europa)] + +[Illustration: Potes] + +[Illustration: Roman bridge in Cangas de Onis (Asturia) + +Puente romano de Cangas de Onis (Asturias) + +Römische Brücke in Cangas de Onis (Asturien) + +Pont Romain à Cangas de Onis (Asturies) + +Ponte romano a Canga de Onis (Asturie)] + +[Illustration: The Santander sailing boat harbour + +Puerto de veleros de Santander + +Segelschiffhafen von Santander + +Le port des voiliers à Santander + +Porto di velleri a Santander] + +[Illustration: Ondárroa (Vizcaya)] + +[Illustration: Castillo Butrón (Vizcaya)] + +[Illustration: Basque Peasant’s House (Mañaria) + +Casita vasca (Mañaria) + +Baskisches Bauernhaus (Mañaria) + +Maison de paysan basque (Mañaria) + +Casetta Basca (Mañaria)] + +[Illustration: Basque Peasant’s House near Durángo + +Casita vasca cerca de Durángo + +Baskisches Bauernhaus bei Durángo + +Maison de paysan basque aux environs de Durángo + +Casetta di contadini baschi presso Durángo] + +[Illustration: Basque Mill + +Molino vasco + +Baskische Mühle + +Un moulin basque + +Molini basco] + +[Illustration: Typical Basque cart + +Carro vasco tipico + +Typischer Baskenkarren + +Une charrette basque attelée de boeufs + +Carro basco con buol] + +[Illustration: Biscaya, Ancient gravestone in the Colegiata of Cenarruza + +Vizcaya, Lápida sepulcral en la Colegiata de Cenarruza + +Vizcaya, Alter Grabstein in der Colegiata von Cenarruza + +Pierre tombale à la Collegiale de Cenarruza (Biscaye) + +Antica lapide sepolcrale nella Collegiata de Cenarruza] + +[Illustration: Stone Crucifix in Durango (Biscaya) + +Cruz de piedra de Durango (Viscaya) + +Steinkreuz in Durango (Vizcaya) + +Le Calvaire de Durango (Biscaye) + +Croce di pietra a Durango (Viscaya)] + +[Illustration: Entrance to the Mallona Cemetery (Bilbao) + +Entrada del cementerio de Mallona (Bilbao) + +Friedhofsaufgang Mallona (Bilbao) + +Entrée du cimetière de Mallona (Bilbao) + +Ingresso al cimitero di Mallona (Bilbao)] + +[Illustration: Cemetery with stone sepulchres near Elorrio (Biscaya) + +Sepulcros de piedra cerca de Elorria (Vizcaya) + +Steinkistenfriedhof bei Elorrio (Vizcaya) + +Sépulcres de pierre aux environs d’Elorria (Biscaye) + +Sepolcri di pietra cava presso Elorrio (Vizcaya)] + +[Illustration: San Sebastian + +View from Monte Ulla + +Visto desde el Monte Ulla + +Vom Mont Ulla gesehen + +Vue prise du Mont Ulla + +Veduta della città del Monte Ulla] + +[Illustration: San Sebastian + +View from Monte Igueldo + +Visto desde el Monte Igueldo + +Vom Monte Igueldo gesehen + +Vue prise du Mont Igueldo + +Veduta della città dal Monte Igueldo] + +[Illustration: San Sebastian + +Eventide + +Al anochecer + +Abendstimmung + +Effet de crépuscule à Saint-Sébastien + +Tramonto] + +[Illustration: San Sebastian. Harbour. Evening + +Puerto de San Sebastian. Crepusculo + +San Sebastian. Abend im Hafen + +Le port de Saint-Sebastien Effet de crépuscule + +Porto di San Sebastiano. Crepuscolo] + +[Illustration: San Sebastian + +The Harbour + +El puerto + +Hafen + +Le port de Saint Sébastien + +San Sebastiano. Il Porto] + +[Illustration: Entrance to the harbour of Pasages + +Entrada del puerto de Pasages (Guipuzcoa) + +Einfahrt in den Hafen von Pasages (Guipuzcoa) + +Entrée du port de Pasages (Guipuzcoa) + +Stretto d’accesso al porto di Pasages (Guipuzcoa)] + +[Illustration: Pasages] + +[Illustration: Pasages] + +[Illustration: Pasages] + +[Illustration: Pasages] + +[Illustration: Bull-fight in the Market-Place of Pasages + +Novillada en la plaza mayor de Pasages + +Stierkampf auf dem Marktplatz von Pasages + +Un combat de taureaux sur la grande place à Pasages + +Corrida sulla piazza del mercato di Pasages] + +[Illustration: Boys playing at bull-fighting + +Muchachos jugando à los toros + +Knaben, Stierkampf spielend + +Un jeu d’enfant bien espagnol + +Bambini che giuocano alla Corrida] + +[Illustration: Fuenterabia + +Court in Charles Vth’s Palace + +Patio en el Palacio Carlos V. + +Hof im Palast Karls V. + +Une cour du palais de Charles-Quint + +Cortile del Palazzo Carlo V.] + +[Illustration: Ruins among the flowers + +Ruinas entre flores + +Ruinen in Margariten + +Ruines et fleurs + +Margariten. Rovine] + +[Illustration: Santiago de Campostela + +The Cathedral + +La Catedral + +Kathedrale + +La Cathédrale + +La Cattedrale] + +[Illustration: In the Bay of Pontevedra (Galicia) + +En la ria de Pontevedra (Galicia) + +In der Bucht von Pontevedra (Galicien) + +La baie de Pontevedra (Galice) + +Nel seno di Pontevedra (Galizia)] + +[Illustration: The waves at play + +Juego de las olas + +Spiel der Wellen + +Echappée sur la mer + +Giuoco delle onde] + +[Illustration: Vigo Harbour (Galicia) + +Puerto de Vigo (Galicia) + +Hafen von Vigo (Galicien) + +Le port de Vigo (Galice) + +Porto di Vico (Galizia)] + +[Illustration: Eventide at sea (Exit of Pasages) + +Penumbra de la tarde en el mar (Salida de Pasages) + +Abendfeier auf dem Meere (Ausfahrt von Pasages) + +Effet de soir sur la mer à la sortie de Pasages + +Tramonto sul mare (Uscita del porto di Pasages)] + + +FOOTNOTES: + +[A] Vide pictures 1-22, 25. Bracketed figures in the text refer to the +respective views. + +[B] Cordova was taken soon after the battle of Jerez (711). +Abd-ur-rahman I., the founder of the Omaijaden dynasty began to build +the mosque in 785. The columns (their number is stated at between 1400 +and 1500) were collected from buildings in all countries: Byzantium, +Rome, Carthage, Nîmes, Narbonne, etc.; hence their variety of form and +material (marble, porphyry, jasper, alabaster). In 1235 Cordova was +taken by the Christians. The erection of the choir was begun in 1523. + + + + +*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK PICTURESQUE SPAIN *** + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will +be renamed. + +Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright +law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, so +the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United +States without permission and without paying copyright royalties. +Special rules, set forth in the General Terms of Use part of this +license, apply to copying and distributing Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic works to protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm concept and +trademark. Project Gutenberg is a registered trademark, and may not be +used if you charge for an eBook, except by following the terms of the +trademark license, including paying royalties for use of the Project +Gutenberg trademark. 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You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms +of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online +at <a href="https://www.gutenberg.org">www.gutenberg.org</a>. If you +are not located in the United States, you will have to check the laws of the +country where you are located before using this eBook. +</div> + +<div style='display:table;margin-bottom:1em;margin-top:1em;'> + <div style='display:table-row;'> + <div style='display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em;'>Title:</div> + <div style='display:table-cell;'>Picturesque Spain</div> + </div> + <div style='display:table-row;'> + <div style='display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em;'></div> + <div style='display:table-cell;'>Architecture, landscape, life of the people.</div> + </div> +</div> + <div style='display:table-row;'> + <div style='display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em;'>Author: </div> + <div style='display:table-cell;'>Kurt Hielscher</div> + </div> +<div style="height:10px;"></div> +<div style='margin-bottom:1em;'> +Release Date: Mar 30, 2021 [eBook #64959] +</div> + +<div style='margin-bottom:1em;'> +Language: English +</div> + +<div style='display:table;margin-bottom:1em;'> + <div style='display:table-row;'> + <div style='display:table-cell;vertical-align:top;'>Produced by: </div> + <div style='display:table-cell;'>Chuck Greif and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images available at The Internet Archive) </div> + </div> +</div> + +<div style='margin-top:1em;margin-bottom:1.5em;'>*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG BOOK OF PICTURESQUE SPAIN ***</div> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<p class="figcenter"> +<a href="images/cover.jpg"> +<img src="images/cover.jpg" +height="550" alt="[Image of +the book's cover unavailable.]" /></a> +</p> + +<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary="" +style="border: 2px black solid;margin:2em auto 1em auto;max-width:50%; +padding:1%;"> +<tr><td> +<p class="c"><a href="#ALPHABETICAL_LIST_OF_NAMES_AND_PLACES"> +Alphabetical List of Names and Places</a></p> +<p class="c"><a href="#ill_001">Illustrations</a><br /> +<span class="nonvis">(In certain versions of this etext [in certain browsers] +clicking on the image will bring up a larger version.)</span></p> +<p class="c">Some typographical errors have been corrected.</p> +<p class="c">(etext transcriber's note)</p></td></tr> +</table> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_i" id="page_i">{i}</a></span> </p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_ii" id="page_ii">{ii}</a></span> </p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_iii" id="page_iii">{iii}</a></span> </p> + +<p class="c">PICTURESQUE SPAIN</p> + +<h1>PICTURESQUE SPAIN</h1> + +<p class="c">ARCHITECTURE * LANDSCAPE<br /> +LIFE OF THE PEOPLE<br /> +<br /> +BY<br /><br /> +<span class="spc2"> +KURT HIELSCHER</span><br /> +<br /> +<br /> +T. FISHER UNWIN LTD<br /> +LONDON : : ADELPHI TERRACE<br /> + +<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_iv" id="page_iv">{iv}</a></span> + +<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_v" id="page_v">{v}</a></span> + +<br /><br /><big> +MOST HUMBLY DEDICATED<br /> +TO<br /> +HIS MAJESTY KING ALFONSO XIII.<br /> +OF<br /> +SPAIN</big></p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_vi" id="page_vi">{vi}</a></span> </p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_vii" id="page_vii">{vii}</a></span> </p> + +<p class="nind"><span class="letra">S</span>pain is one great open-air museum containing the cultural wealth of the +most varied epochs and peoples. On the walls of the Altamira cave is +blazoned that much admired steer painted thousands of years ago by men +of the Ice Age. In Barcelona stand the fantastic buildings of +neo-Castilian present-day art. Celts, Iberians, Romans, Carthaginians, +Moors and Goths have fought and struggled for supremacy in Spain. Of all +this the stones tell us to-day. They are the chronicles. They relate of +bitter strife; of the culture and art aspirations belonging to times +gone by. Much has vanished into dust and ruin. That which has survived +time’s fretting tooth serves as a giant bridge to lead us back to the +past.</p> + +<p>Fate was kind enough to let me spend five years in Spain. Caught there +by the war while engaged in studies, I was cut off from home. I made use +of my involuntary stay to become acquainted with the country in its +furthermost corners. I roved to and fro from the pinnacles of the +Pyrenees to the shores of Tarifa, from the palm forest of Elché to the +forgotten Hurdes inhabitants of Estremadura.</p> + +<p>On all my lonely wanderings I was accompanied by my faithful camera: we +covered over 45000 kilometres together in Spain. We kept our eyes open +diligently. I say we, for in addition to mine was a precious glass eye +in the shape of the Zeiss lens. Whereas my eyes only made me the +intellectual recipient of what we saw, that of my travelling companion +made it a pictorial permanency. I took over 2000 photographs during our +peregrinations. This volume only presents a small selection. It was not +easy to make the final choice. Many a picture had to be omitted to which +I was attached, either for its peculiarity or its character.</p> + +<p>I went at no one’s instigation through Spain but that of my own in +search of the beautiful. I was not guided by any constraining +professional principles. Beautiful art treasures, geographical +peculiarities, enchanting landscapes, interesting customs that attracted +my attention were retained by my camera. I followed the same lines in +making my selections for publication.</p> + +<p>I entitle this volume “Picturesque Spain”. Much will be unknown to many. +I begin however with a spot famous throughout the world.—And yet I was +bound to. Like the pilgrim who is drawn to the fabled Fontana Trevi once +he has drunk of its waters, so too was I drawn again and again to +Granada in my wanderings. I believe too that I have succeeded in +presenting the Alhambra from one or two different points of view. Who +indeed could exhaust this well of beauty?</p> + +<p>Nor could I pass heedlessly by Cordoba, Seville and Toledo, for these +towns are starting points.—Finger-posts to unknown Spain. Without these +monuments of ancient times, those parts of Spain situate far from the +high-roads remain an almost insolvable riddle.</p> + +<p>My pictures must speak for me. Those who know how to ask them will find +that they tell much. For this reason I shall limit myself to but a few +initiatory words. They serve to connect the known with the unknown; to +throw light on the paths along which I journeyed in Spain.<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_viii" id="page_viii">{viii}</a></span></p> + +<p class="ohw">⚪</p> + +<p><span class="spc">Granada!</span> Thy name is music; a joyous chord of beauty! To pass the spring +within thy gateways is to walk the heights of life.</p> + +<p>Spring has cast a shower of blossoms over the town and woven a delicate +green carpet around the Alhambra. How many many centuries has it not +worshipped thus yearly at the feet of the castle? Long ago passionate +Moorish women decorated their raven hair there with rosy almond +blossoms.—It is long since that the glory of those days has departed. +Perhaps this is why the castle walls look down so sadly at the beauty of +this blissful vernal soil.</p> + +<p>Bidding defiance in the grandeur of their strength the towers of the +Alhambra arise. Their fiery red lights skywards like the flames on giant +altars.<a name="FNanchor_A_1" id="FNanchor_A_1"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_1" class="fnanchor">[A]</a></p> + +<p>Is it possible that these massive cyclopean walls should hide a +fairy-land?</p> + +<p>Impatiently we climb the castle mount. Reaching an old stone gateway +ornamented with pomegranates, the noise of the streets is left behind as +we enter a yew grove whose ancient giant stems are ivy-grown; blue +myrtle covers the ground, the lights gleam golden through the foliage, +the wind murmurs among the branches, nightingales sing in the boscage, +swallows dart twittering over the tree tops, water hurries babbling down +the hilly slope.</p> + +<p>All this seems like a miracle in Spain so poor in forests. It is as +though another world had opened its gates.</p> + +<p>The great Gate of Judgment is passed, and an inconspicuous door leads to +the Court of the Myrtles. Here one feels surrounded by the spirit of the +Orient. Delicate jasper and alabaster columns support the airy arches +which are swung like lace veils from arcade to arcade. The emerald-green +waters of the fountain gaze dreamily skywards and at all the bright +beauty of the scene.</p> + +<p>Then there is the Court of the Lions, subject of so many songs, with the +filigreed architecture of its covered walks. Enchanting in its delicate +tracery and beauty, it is a fairy-tale, a poem in stone, infinitely +rhythmic with music. And indeed, music is the only language that can +render such beauty.</p> + +<p>The magnificent halls are full of a wealth of ornamentation. The walls +are rainbow-like with the colours of Persian carpets and Cashmere +shawls. Arabic inscriptions are scrolled along these labyrynths of +colour, praising in exalted words the mystic beauty of the halls. One +runs joyously: “God has filled me with such a plentitude of beauty that +even the stars stay in their course enchanted to gaze on me.”</p> + +<p>Once beautiful sultanas looked out from the “Seat of Admiration” (as the +Arabs called that jewel of the Alhambra, the Mirador de Daraca,) into +the pretty garden filled with the heavy scent of roses, jasmines and +oleanders. A swaying mass of tangled climbing plants are festooned from +laurel to cypress, and from cypress to orange-tree. In the middle there +is a marvellously delicate fountain basin from the edges of which the +water slides and drips with tuneful sound as if it fain would tell of +long forgotten beauteous days.</p> + +<p>We leave the glittering fairy-palace full of memories of the Arabian +Nights, and our lips whisper the wish of the Arabic poem writ over a +little niche:</p> + +<div class="poetry"> +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">“May Heaven’s blessings rest upon these castle halls<br /></span> +<span class="i1">As long as pilgrims wend their way to Mecca’s walls!”<br /></span> +</div></div> +</div> + +<p>Nay, as long as clouds sail the skies, and seekers after beauty rove on +earth!</p> + +<p>This is the mood one is in when climbing further up the mountain to the +Moorish summer palace, the Generalife.</p> + +<p>We are met, as it were, and shown the way by a double row of slim +black-green cypress—dark trees of silence.<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_ix" id="page_ix">{ix}</a></span></p> + +<p>The Generalife is enthroned far up on the heights, and embedded in +terrace-shaped gardens.</p> + +<p>The gardens! In them nature has enfolded all her abounding wealth of +colour. Crimson-ramblers, wistarias, vines and ivy smother the walls. +Mangolias, oleanders, almond trees, laurels, cypresses, araucarias, +olive trees, agaves, palms and mimosa vie with one another for +precedence. Flaming pomegranate blossoms, blood-red roses, violet +mallows, blue fleurs-de-lis, white jasmine, yellow narcissi, and golden +oranges in dark green foliage are a riot of colour. Ball shaped myrtles +surround the little fountain, listening to the babbling of its silver +waters, and in the twigs the song of birds greeting nature in her +holiday garments.</p> + +<p>Wondrous peace broods o’er this land. Through trees and halls and wall +arches there is a magnificent view of the Alhambra and the +multi-coloured houses of the town at its feet, and further on to the +picturesque Albaicin, and over cactus-grown Sacromonte with its gypsy +cave-dwellings, and still further to the snow-capped Sierra Nevada. +Another glance shows the fertile plains of the Vega through which the +clear waters of the Genil flow.</p> + +<p>However full of radiant happiness the day may have been, it is outshone +by the sinking sun casting a golden halo over the country-side. The +walls of the Alhambra, once so fiercely fought for, stand forth as +though dipped in blood. The distant mountains glitter golden-bronze, and +the snowy sides of the Sierra Nevada scintillate in flames. Slowly the +fair fires die down, and a chill spectral white falls upon the snow +summits. The eventide is there and with it the stars.</p> + +<p>The Spaniards have coined a proud sentence: “Quien no ha visto Granada, +no ha visto nada!” He who has not seen Granada has seen nought! And I +should like to add: He who has seen Granada and the Alhambra on sunny +spring days, bears with him a talisman to ward off sorrows in dull days, +and can never be completely unhappy again in life.</p> + +<p class="ohw">⚪</p> + +<p>The <span class="spc">Mosque, Cordova</span>. A nation set forth to convert the world to its +faith. Its battle-cry in this holy war was Allah! Victory after victory +was gained, till finally the triumphal march of fanaticism was stopped +by the opposing faith of its religious adversaries. The waves receded, +and the Cross triumphed over the Crescent. This struggle of two faiths +and two continents left indelible marks on the fields of battle.</p> + +<p>These wars had been carried on in the name of God. Sacred edifices were +erected to the victor. On the ruins of the mosque arose the most +beautiful cathedral in the world as token of victory. Spain never would +have received the impress she bears to-day without those bitter +religious wars.</p> + +<p>Cordova was the jewel among Moorish occidental towns, destined to +outshine the sister cities Damascus and Bagdad in the far Orient. It was +here that all the wealth and pomp of Moorish domination was displayed. +Cordova’s population exceeded a million souls. It was the seat of Arabic +art and profound learning; the centre of religious life. The muezzin +called the faithful to prayers from 3000 minarets. Cordova became a new +Mecca which drew crowds of pilgrims from the East to the West.</p> + +<p>What has now become of this metropolis? A shadow! Wandering through +narrow streets of the town one seems to be in Cordova of a thousand +years ago. The old cobbled pavements are probably the same, the houses +too, behind whose trellised windows the harem was hidden. The old +crooked, narrow and confused mass of streets are still there. Once in a +while a palm is seen leaning over white walls across the street; open +doors offer views into pleasant court-yards.<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_x" id="page_x">{x}</a></span></p> + +<p>The Mezquita, the Mosque, stands like a dark rock surrounded by the +white trembling light of the sea of houses.</p> + +<p>A wonderful gateway leads to the Orange Court. The fruit and flowers of +these trees perfume the air with incense. High up, backed by the blue +sky, the palm trees are waving in the wind. Fountains are plashing. Once +they served to refresh burnoosed dusty and foot-sore pilgrims come from +afar to serve their God here. The faithful bathed in these fountains +before purifying their souls in Allah’s house.—Now the fountains are +perpetually surrounded by the town maidens who come to fetch a cooling +draught in their finely curved earthenware jugs.</p> + +<p>The impression on entering the forest of columns that support the mosque +is both unexpected and overpowering. Is this not a petrified palm wood? +And does not this stony grove incorporate the conception of infinity? +There is a mystic dusk among these columns that lends to them an endless +space of silence and eternity: the symbol of belief.</p> + +<p>It is to the credit of the victorious Christians that they did not cool +their religious ardour by destroying this Islamitic place of worship. It +is extremely regrettable that their descendants have treated this +monument of Mohammedan culture with such carelessness.</p> + +<p>The mosque became a Christian church. Where once the cry of “Allah illah +Allah!” echoed thousandfold, “Praise be the Lord!” is now sung. The +first deed was to erect altars in the door-niches. Then seventy pillars +were laid low, and a choir with the High-Altar erected in their stead: a +church within a church. Charles V. was reluctant to give his permission +for these alterations. When he came to Cordova and saw what had been +done, he exclaimed in perturbation: “What you are building can be seen +anywhere. You have destroyed what was unique in the world.”<a name="FNanchor_B_2" id="FNanchor_B_2"></a><a href="#Footnote_B_2" class="fnanchor">[B]</a></p> + +<p>Untouched in its pristine beauty, hidden in semi-darkness, not far from +the Holy of Holies of the Christian church, stands the Holy of Holies of +the mosque, the Mihrab or prayer-niche in which the Koran was kept. It +is a jewel of Moorish art. Whereas the rest of the mosque columns are +connected by double horse-shoe arches, banded in red and white, here the +beautifully chased dentated arches rise straight to the lovely curved +dome. The niche socle is white marble of lace-like texture above which a +profusion of colours glow: blood-red, rust brown, dark blue violet +interwoven with a sublime sheen of gold. Perhaps the mosaic walls and +lettered scrolls upon them have in some mystical manner caught the light +of the thousand swinging lamps that once had cast their soft rays +through the dim shades of space. For six long centuries all these +glowing colours were hidden. Before Cordova was surrendered to the +Christians the sanctuary was walled up. It was only discovered in 1815.</p> + +<p>We pass entranced along the colonnaded aisles, enthraled by the wondrous +beauty of this miracle in stone. It is like awakening from a fantastic +dream to set foot again in the blinding sun of the silent town that has +become the shrine of one of the most precious jewels in the world +(<a href="#ill_050">50</a>-<a href="#ill_060">60</a>).</p> + +<p class="ohw">O</p> + +<p><span class="spc">Moorish scenes far from the beaten track</span>: A burning hot day in +August.—The air trembles in the heat over the olive trees. The day +hangs heavy in the blue vault of heaven. I had been wandering for long +long hours, when all of a sudden my eyes were caught by a fata morgana: +wafted perhaps from the coast of Morocco? No, it was<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_xi" id="page_xi">{xi}</a></span> no mirage. +Impossible! Yet it did not disappear as I approached. Strange indeed was +the scene: houses scattered like dice over a mountain (<a href="#ill_091">91</a>).</p> + +<p>A timid lad of whom I asked the name of the spot, slunk shyly past me. +My map was of no assistance to me. At last I was informed that I had +arrived at “la muy noble y bel ciudad Mochagar, llave y amparo del reino +de Granada”. “What,” I asked “this hamlet still calls itself the key and +guardian of the kingdom of Granada? But that kingdom was destroyed half +a thousand years ago when the Moors were driven from Granada.”</p> + +<p>A miracle must have happened here that time should have remained +stationary. Here was the pure Moorish impress. Most of the houses are +windowless. The flat roofs are sometimes the road to the higher houses, +and always their foot-stool. And although the water of baptism has +wetted the women’s hair, they pass veiled in the Moorish fashion along +the streets. With tucked up skirts and naked legs they step lightly +along the steep alleys, returning from the fountains with water +amphorae. They eye the foreign trespasser suspiciously and curiously. +And when I requested the veiled women to let me take their photographs +they stared at me, for they had never even seen a camera. I showed them +a picture, and explained that I wanted to have theirs too. They refused. +Finally one girl agreed. But an old scold hurried up and beat her for +her frowardness: throwing herself away like that! In this Christian +country I found shamefacedness and adherence to the laws of Mohammed. +Let no mortal body serve as an image!</p> + +<p>An old man with whom I spoke about this incident told me that if a girl +no longer veiled her face, but hid her legs, there was not much left to +spoil about her.</p> + +<p>But I was determined that I would not leave without a picture of one of +the veiled beauties. At last I succeeded, with the consent of the mother +of one of the girls. The eye of my camera winked slyly when I took my +snap-shot. In thanking the girl, I held out my hand, but she seemed +quite taken aback, and hid her hands behind her. I pressed her to shake +hands. I should not do her any harm. But her mother apologized for her +saying: “No, she doesn’t mean to be rude, but it is not the custom in +our country for a girl to let a man touch her hand before marriage.” +Perhaps this little incident explains the once much-used expression +employed by wooers “will you give me your daughter’s hand?” (<a href="#ill_090">90</a>)</p> + +<p class="ohw">O</p> + +<p><span class="spc">The Palm Forest of Elché</span> (<a href="#ill_099">100</a>-<a href="#ill_101">103</a>). The only palm forest in Europe. It +numbers more than 115000 trees, and is also a Moorish heritage. They +caused the water to flow to this spot from a distance of 5 kilometres in +order to create an oasis here in the desert—for the district is to-day +little else. Palms must grow with their roots in the water and their +crowns in the glaring sun. For years no rain has fallen on this spot.</p> + +<p>The view is strange from the church-tower down on white houses over +which the palm tops are spread like a canopy. Beyond the palm forest the +grey-yellow desert plain surrounds this isle of peace. In the far +distance the blue ocean sleeps in proud majesty. Death and life are here +in close juxtaposition.</p> + +<p class="ohw">O</p> + +<p><span class="spc">Easter in Seville.</span> The train is rushing southwards over the arid +Castillian high plateaux, which in summer are as empty as a beggar’s +palm. The bare treeless Mancha has put on its modest spring garment +which now shows in the distance like delicate green velvet. A +short-lived joy! In but a few weeks the scorched ground will again be +covered with a yellowish-gray pall.<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_xii" id="page_xii">{xii}</a></span></p> + +<p>At present the fresh breeze comes down from the mountains of the Sierra +de Guadarrama. Scarcely, however, has the train wound its way through +the wild cañons of the Sierra Modena, when spring opens wide her gate. A +warm damp hot-house atmosphere is wafted into the carriage windows.</p> + +<p>We are soon surrounded by meadows that are like a great flower-garden in +which the blood-red poppy and golden-yellow primrose struggle for +supremacy. Once in a while a village is seen dreaming like Sleeping +Beauty among the flower groves. For a long stretch agaves and cacti +fringe the track. Finally Seville sends forth her messengers in the +shape of blossoming rose-gardens and orange groves laden with their ripe +golden fruit. An ancient mangolia stretches a rosy blossom branch +towards us, lingering on in its old age in this scene so full of +yearning life. Tall slim palms nod to us, and yet new children of Flora +crowd upon us to bring us Seville and spring’s friendly welcome.</p> + +<p>Heedlessly the train clatters past all this beauty towards the white +maze of Seville’s houses, above which towers that beautiful emblem of +the town, the Giralda. At last the engine snorts noisily into the +station.</p> + +<p>But how different is everything to-day in front of the station. No +yelling hotel porters, no carriages awaiting the passengers, no +electric-car with clanging bell, no hooting of motor-cars.—The square +is lifeless at this early afternoon hour. It is the “Semana santa”, +Passion-week, that has cast this almost oppressive spell of silence over +the great city. Even the brazen voices of the church-bells are muffled, +as though that had gone into sacred mourning. The wooden banging of the +Matraca calls hoarsely to prayers with dry and unmelodious voice.</p> + +<p>The further you penetrate into the town, the more the sacred holiday +stillness is ousted. All Seville is crowding, chattering and laughing to +the Cathedral to see the procession. At last you have to stop. There is +no getting through the impenetrable human wall. It is a strange +procession that is passing by, as though conjured up from the Middle +Ages. Huddled figures stalk past slowly and stiffly. They appear like +spectres. Old pictures of witches and inquisitionary trials are recalled +to my mind, for nowhere else have I ever seen such terrifying +apparitions; never in life. Black cowls are wrapped around their bodies, +and on their head are huge black conical hats a yard high. Long sable +cloths, in which only two eyelets are pierced, are suspended over their +faces down to their waists. A corded rope is wound round the penitential +garments. The hands of the apparitions clasp rough wooden crosses, or +metal staves, as tall as themselves. These figures march in front of a +portable dais on which a life-like statue of the Virgin Mary is +enthroned clad in magnificent garments thickly encrusted with gold.—The +procession stops. The dais is lowered. A young woman steps from the +crowd, turns her eyes to the Queen of Heaven and sings her praise.</p> + +<p>When the twenty or thirty bearers who carry the heavy dais on their +shoulders, and who are hidden by drapery suspended round the frame, have +rested enough, the signal to start is given by knocking on the front of +the dais. A jerk, and the procession moves on a few paces. One religious +body of brethren follows on the heels of the other. Each of them wear +their own distinctive multi-coloured badges. Some have a blue pointed +hat, others white, brown, violet or other coloured garments. Next to a +father his ten-year old son in the same vestments is often seen, as well +as the miniature penitent of fifteen in the procession.</p> + +<p>The various brotherhoods are filled with an ardent ambition to outdo the +others in the magnificence of their Pasos as the daises are called. The +whole story of the Passion from Gethsemane to the burial of our Lord, is +shown on them as they pass before our eyes.—Of course the clergy in +full canonicals, as well as the town and state officials are also +represented in the procession. At intervals, groups of Roman legionaries +of Chris<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_xiii" id="page_xiii">{xiii}</a></span>t’s day appear, then angels, and St. Veronica carrying the +kerchief. Interspersed bands bray and flourish the same march without +cess.</p> + +<p>Each brotherhood in the procession is cerimoniously received by the +chief authority of the town in Constitution Square which looks like a +huge theatre auditorium. It is filled with rows of chairs of which not a +single one is empty. The surrounding balconies are a sea of heads.</p> + +<p>Hour by hour passes. Night falls. And now hundreds of wax-candles blaze +forth on the daises, and each penitent carries a gigantic taper in his +hand. Thus this endless and mysterious procession of lights moves on to +the cathedral, passes through its magnificent nave, and out again +through the other doors into the streets.</p> + +<p>The cathedral has opened its treasure-house for the “Semana santa” and +displayed all its pomp. The candles of the gigantic bronze candelabrum +(the renowned Tenebrario) as well as on the altar the sacred wax-candle +weighing several hundredweight. A huge sepulchre has been erected to the +glory of Christ, in which the Holy of Holies is kept during Passion +week. Hundreds of lamps and candles illuminate the golden-white +four-storey edifice, which is over 30 metres high, and flooded with a +wondrous glowing halo.</p> + +<p>The celebrated miserere of Eslava is performed in the cathedral on the +night of Good Friday. But, alas! it is impossible to enjoy the sacred +tunes owing to the general noisy inattention around. Weary forms are +sitting on the steps of the chapels and around the grave of Columbus. +Here a mother is suckling her infant, there an animate heap of rags is +wrapt in sleep, and all the while there is a continual pushing and +elbowing to get to the front.</p> + +<p>However we must not judge of all this in the light of serious northern +church festivals. This would only lead us to drawing both severe and +wrong conclusions. Perhaps this manner may be an historical development. +Has not our Teutonic Christianity also wedded itself to much that is +ancient heathenism? For instance Christmas and the winter solstice +festival. Much that is Moorish obtains in Spain to this day. Perhaps +even—unconsciously—the conception of the purpose of a place of +worship. Was not the mosque often enough a secular place of meeting for +the Moslems, and at the same time a university? However, enough of +conjectures. It is a fact that the worship of the Lord and the Virgin +Mary is for the Spaniard a service of love. Whether the occasion be +Trinity or Passion week, it is one of joyful praise of Heaven.</p> + +<p>I shall always remember one quiet hour permeated with the holy spirit of +Easter among these joyful and yet pious Easter days.—I had mounted the +Giralda, that jewel of erstwhile Moorish minaret architecture, the +cathedral tower. At my feet lay the white sea of houses. The town was +bathed in sunshine. The beautiful blue dome of heaven spread its mighty +arch over the holiday-making land as though protecting and blessing it. +The faint music of the mass far below was wafted up to me, when suddenly +a booming vibration filled the air, and all the tower bells, which had +been silent so long, peeled out across the sunlit country: Christ is +arisen! The sister bells of all the other towers echoed the message +across the spring clad country.</p> + +<p class="ohw">O</p> + +<p><span class="spc">The Patio</span> (<a href="#ill_040">40</a>, <a href="#ill_042">42-49</a>). It is a favourite expression to call Seville the +town of bright court-yards. Those court-yards which light and fill the +house with sunshine. The Sevillian house, or rather the Andalusian +house, is not a building such as our houses, fronting on the street, but +one that fronts to an inner court, turning its back on the street. The +outsides of the houses are bare of ornament, almost windowless; a secret +to the passer-by. All their beauty is displayed yardwards. There wealth +obtains in all<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_xiv" id="page_xiv">{xiv}</a></span> its pomp, and poverty unfolds its modest ornaments. The +narrow passage—the Zaguan—leading from the street to the court is +closed by a railed gate. The gallery—to which access is gained by steps +leading from the court—is supported by columns. The rooms of the upper +stories lead to the gallery. To cool the air there is a fountain in the +middle of the court surrounded by palms, araucarias, laurels, +orange-trees, oleanders and flowers in pots. The walls are covered with +multi-coloured tiles. Against them brightly up-holstered furniture, +chairs, and sometimes even a piano; the inevitable guitar is in a +corner. Climbing plants festoon the court.</p> + +<p>Practically this is the centre of the whole family life. Friends are +received here, hours passed in argument, singing, music and +dancing—whether in company or alone, dreaming away the hours, listening +to the plashing of the fountain, it is in the court—the soul of the +house—that most time is spent.</p> + +<p class="ohw">O</p> + +<p>There is nothing commonplace about Spanish houses. They still retain +their peculiarity impressed on them by the patina of age. Many have +tumbled down under the burden of years. Many are dead; but they “died in +beauty”. The period of their prosperity still lingers on in the churches +and ornate façades of deserted squares.</p> + +<p>Toledo is the most Spanish of towns. It was once the heart of the +country, pulsating with the great rhythm of epic history. But its heart +no longer beats.</p> + +<p>Resting on steep granite hills above the deep Tajo valley stands the +yellow-grey heap of houses as though rooted in the rocks. Two gigantic +bridges span the river. Narrow alleys lead up hill and down dale; +many-cornered and dark. The whole town seems in a fighting mood. Huge +gateways and towers, the houses fort-like, the doors studded with heavy +nails. Indeed, there is hardly a town that has seen so many battles +rounds its walls. Spain’s history has passed over it with heavy steps. +And to-day? Rent walls, ruin and silence: the town the accumulated +wreckage of a thousand years (<a href="#ill_139">139</a>-<a href="#ill_148">148</a>).</p> + +<p>Segovia, Toledo’s sister city is situated similarly on rocks arising +abruptly from the plain. It is dominated by a great cathedral tower, and +guarded by the well-proportioned Alcazar which stands forth like a fairy +castle. A miraculous building, erected one would say to brave eternity +in the days when Christ was born. But otherwise Segovia is different to +Toledo. It is the Nuremberg of Spain, gay in its leafy setting +(<a href="#ill_157">157</a>-<a href="#ill_164">164</a>).</p> + +<p>There are other brave old companions-in-arms of these two veterans, +dating from ancient war days: circumvallated Avila (<a href="#ill_165">165</a>-<a href="#ill_169">169</a>), Cuenca and +Albarracin with their swallow-nest houses clinging to lofty crags (<a href="#ill_120">120</a>, +<a href="#ill_121">121</a>, <a href="#ill_192">192-194</a>), Daroca protected by two mountains over which the whole of +the battlemented walls have climbed (<a href="#ill_195">195</a>-<a href="#ill_197">197</a>), Alquezar in the Pyrenees, +the northern outpost of the Moors in Spain (<a href="#ill_210">210</a>-<a href="#ill_212">212</a>), Sigüenza, Jerica, +Trujillo, Caceres, Niebla, Carmona, Martos, Antequera, and many bold +castillos.</p> + +<p>Ronda is the most boldly situated town lying on a high plateau encircled +by a wide mountain arena (<a href="#ill_062">62</a>, <a href="#ill_063">63</a>). Running through the rocky plateau is +a huge crevice which looks as though it had been split in rage by the +mighty fists of giants.</p> + +<p>The streams thunder down in all their wild force over the boulders, +hammer threateningly against the rocky walls, break into scintillating +spray, rush round in whirlpools, and hurry on their course. And in close +proximity to all this turmoil, the rocky walls stand unshaken in their +immobility against the sky-line, an emblem of eternity cast in stone by +the hand of God. The rainbow in the spray has been copied by man in the +shape of a bridge high over the abyss joining the rocky heights upon +which the town stands.<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_xv" id="page_xv">{xv}</a></span></p> + +<p>Let us pass from these stubborn old battle towns to a more smiling +scene: San Sebastian (<a href="#ill_286">286</a>-<a href="#ill_290">290</a>) known throughout the world for its +incomparably beautiful situation on the sea. The view from Monte Ulia, a +mountain guarding the entrance to this paradise, is wonderful beyond +words. Here nature has modelled and painted a masterpiece. The sea hugs +the land in two gracefully curved bays and catches the beauties of the +town in the reflection of its waters.</p> + +<p class="ohw">O</p> + +<p><span class="spc">Cave-dwellings and the simple life.</span>—This time I decided to leave the +destination of my wanderings to chance. I could have chosen no better +guide. I set out long before the dew was dry, or the sun had risen. The +palm trees were just beginning to shake themselves in the early breeze +when I approached a strange rocky landscape. Dark holes in the rock +stared at me like dead eyes. But nevertheless life was hidden there. +Human forms stepped out of the holes to greet the morn.</p> + +<p>What I saw was a towering rock wall with hundreds of cave-dwellings next +to each other and over each other. Some of them were even five storeys +high and approached from the outside (<a href="#ill_092">92</a>). Where the rocks were too +steep, the approaches had been dug from the inside, and upper storeys +created with outlook holes and loggias high up in the rocks. Tunnels had +been cut in the soft stone to get from one rock valley to the other.</p> + +<p>The children were running about in the costume God had given them. But +it is not to be supposed that they were troglodytes, and as unaware of +culture as those who lived in the ice period. High on the rocks you can +read in large black letters on a white background “El Retiro”.</p> + +<p>Every Spaniard knows, at least by name, Madrid’s beautiful park the +Retiro. For this reason it seems somewhat of a joke to suddenly come +across the name in such a spot far up on the rocks. El Retiro, like +Sanssouci, means solitude, retreat, place of rest. An enterprising +hotel-keeper has levelled his portion of rocks into roof-terraces where +the favourite gossip hour (tertulla) is spent, skittles played, and +merry dances performed. Hence the alluring words on the wall for the +benefit of passers-by. On another rock is graven the brief significant +inscription: “Dios, Pan y Cultura” (God, Bread, and Culture. +<a href="#ill_092">92-95</a>.</p> + +<p>During the course of another stroll I was again equally surprised. I saw +smoke arising in the distance from ground that looked like fantastic +mountain erosions. Surely this was not the site of volcanic activity? +Indeed this was out of the question. And on drawing nigh I discerned +human figures moving among the columns of smoke. I then saw to my +astonishment that little smoking towers—not unlike champagne corks in +shape—were chimneys projecting out of the ground. I had again strayed +among cave-dwellers. What Homeric primitiveness was there! The valleys +are the streets, the mountain sides the fronts of the houses, the +pinnacles villas. Front gardens are once and a while supplied by giant +cacti and spiky agaves. My wanderings in this interesting +world-forgotten primitive spot lasted for hours as I passed up and down +the so-called streets (<a href="#ill_096">96</a>-<a href="#ill_098">99</a>).</p> + +<p>My greetings were met with a cheerful response, and I was invited to +enter a cool cave, provided with a drink of fresh water, and shown the +treasures of the modest household: the bed on the ground, the hearth +with a copper kettle, the earthenware pitcher, the stool, the oil-lamp +and the image of the patron saint.</p> + +<p>“Now as to work?” I asked. “Well we don’t do too much in that way. We +cultivate what we need over there where the river runs. We make bricks +for the towns where the people live in houses.”—Truly a picture of an +enviable state of modest<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_xvi" id="page_xvi">{xvi}</a></span> requirements. There are still those who are +satisfied with the tub of Diogenes. Indeed you may find many such all +over Spain. I remember when at a little railway station finding only a +lad deep in his after-dinner nap. For the rest, there was no one else to +take my luggage, so I woke him up and asked him to help me. He stretched +himself in all the bliss of laziness, took a couple of coppers out of +his pocket, and showing them to me said: “I’ve earned 25 centimos to-day +already; that’s all I need,” turned over, and went to sleep again. I +continued on my way recalling the words of the Indian philosopher: “He +who is without wants is nearest to God.”</p> + +<p>There is no cause to shrug one’s shoulders. Diligence and happiness are +but relative conceptions. And just the poorest in Spain understand the +art of doing nothing combined with extracting joy from next to nothing. +They need a little shade in summer, and the sunshine in winter; a piece +of bread, a tomato, a drop of wine. The whole earth with the sky for a +roof is their bed-room; the highroad their field of labour. There is no +master they would exchange positions with; they are their own masters; +masters of their own time—verily a great possession this. Why then +should they not spend it generously? “He whom God helps will go further +than he who rises betimes” runs a Spanish proverb. And the Bible tells +us: “Behold the fowls of the air: for they sow not, neither do they +reap, nor gather into barns; yet your heavenly Father feedeth them.”</p> + +<p class="ohw">O</p> + +<p><span class="spc">Feria in Sepúlveda.</span>—A bull-fight. There is high holiday in Sepúlveda, +(<a href="#ill_172">172</a>, <a href="#ill_173">173</a>) an ancient little town far from the turmoil of the great +world, and far even from the railroad, which indeed is nearly 100 +kilometres away. The feria is the greatest day of the whole year. Men +and women crowd into the place on horses and donkeys. Old friends meet +again. Once more they see ‘life’. Above all it is the bull-fight that is +the greatest attraction. It has been for weeks already the only topic +worth speaking about. As however our little town has no arena, the +market-place is used instead. All day the lively rat-tat of hammers is +heard there. The windows of the picturesque dignified old town-hall gaze +smilingly down on the lively scene. At last there is really something +worth looking at again. Another long tedious sleepy year has gone by.</p> + +<p>There is hardly any one who does not go the hour’s walk outside the town +to admire the bulls which have come from a long way off, and for the +present are being kept at pasture.</p> + +<p>When the great day has come, every one is up with the sun. The arrival +of the savage animals is feverishly expected. The bravest show their +courage by going forth to meet the procession.</p> + +<p>A cloud of dust on the highway announces its approach. And finally forms +emerge from it. At the head a picador on horseback with a lance, behind +him the black bodies of the bulls surrounded by tame steers, and +followed by a second picador. As they rush through the narrow streets to +the market-square a mighty cry goes up: “Los toros! Los toros!” +Shouting, whistling, howling, yelling, and a general pandemonium rends +the welkin.</p> + +<p>Finally the bulls are secured, and it is only in the afternoon that the +longed-for hour arrives.</p> + +<p>The forenoon has its own pleasures. Young men demonstrate their daring +by teasing a young bull specially selected for the purpose, and earn +acclamation or mocking laughter as the case may be. These young heroes +try to put into practice what they have seen at the Torero; only it is +less dangerous. No blood is shed, only torn trousers and bruises are the +honorific mementoes of the great day (<a href="#ill_174">174</a>, <a href="#ill_175">175</a>).<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_xvii" id="page_xvii">{xvii}</a></span></p> + +<p>My thoughts naturally harked back to the first bull-fight I had seen—in +Madrid. The impression was stupendous: fifteen thousand gay spectators +in the great sweep of the arena all impatient for the nerve-racking +fight to begin. The arena was filled with the babble of voices. It was a +chaos of colours, cloudy lace mantillas, flower-embroidered shawls, fans +swaying nervously, jet-black glowing eyes.—Shouts of applause greeted +the bull-fighters. Yells saluted the great bull as he rushed in. The +game was a risky one for life or death. Deeds of audacity were met with +idolatrous cheers, the timid with desolating laughter. All of a sudden a +coloured form is tossed into the air. A single scream from a thousand +throats.—“Is he dead?” “No!” A sigh of relief.—“Go on!”—The condemned +bull is mad with rage, his opponent cold as steel. He wields the mortal +instrument, the sword flashes, and a hurricane of applause bursts forth +for the victor and his tottering victim. White handkerchiefs flutter +from every seat like pigeons. Hats are waved, a shower of flowers +descends, and the fêted hero returns thanks, nonchalant and proud.—The +trumpets blare and a new fight begins (<a href="#ill_125">125</a>, <a href="#ill_126">126</a>).</p> + +<p class="ohw">O</p> + +<p><span class="spc">Crossing the Picos de Europa.</span>—Masses of high mountains with peaks about +2700 metres high rise among the Asturian Cantabrian coast range. They +bear the proud name of Picos de Europa (The Peaks of Europe). They are +the Dolomites of Spain. But they exceed these considerably in +inaccessibility.</p> + +<p>Tourist facilities in Spain are of a very primitive nature. For this +reason there are no shelter huts for mountaineers in the Picos de +Europa, and there are likewise no trained guides. There are it is true +some game-keepers. Shepherds and miners acquainted with individual parts +of the mountains act once in a while as guides.</p> + +<p>I had been at the gateway of the Picos de Europa when at Covadongo the +celebrated place of pilgrimage. Since then the desire had never left me +to become acquainted with this demure mountain beauty so alluring and +yet so stand-offish in her loneliness. Thus I started for the mountains.</p> + +<p>My path led me from Unquera through the Deva valley to Potes at the foot +of the Picos. I very soon noticed that my task would be no easy one, for +shortly after leaving Panes the track winds through a mighty and deep +valley known as the Desfiladero de la Hermida. My reception was not a +friendly one. The rocky guardian of the valley looked down and frowned +at me, and the sky treated me at intervals to a cold shower-bath.</p> + +<p>In Potes the clouds were low down on the mountain sides on which I was +going to test my prowess the next day. But I was so enchanted with the +spot, that I willingly renounced the view for that day.</p> + +<p>The little town is a very ancient spot. It must once have been the seat +of many a knightly family. This is attested to by the various Spanish +coats of arms on the houses. But those times are now no more. Where once +Spanish grandees strutted by with buckled shoes and sword, clodhopping +peasants plod along. And the present generation is hardly aware of the +plentitude of beauty surrounding it. Bold bridges span the glen. Narrow +colonades with overhanging balconies cling to the steep river bank. A +multitude of archways offer innumerable enchanting glimpses. A high +watch-tower guards the houses clustering at its base.</p> + +<p>Before the sun had risen on the morrow I had set out. Dark and +dismal-looking clouds hung low over the landscape. But the Picos +pinnacles had rent them asunder, and suddenly they stood forth in the +glory of the rising sun. Dark night lay behind me as I marched towards +the sunlight.<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_xviii" id="page_xviii">{xviii}</a></span></p> + +<p>My guide met me by arrangement at Espinama. He was a grey-headed man +with weather-beaten face and smiling eyes. His feet were clad in leather +sandals, and under his arm was an ancient umbrella. We soon discussed +the itinerary, filled our <i>rucksacks</i> and started for the Puerto de +Aliva. The old song came back to me:—</p> + +<div class="poetry"> +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">The sun on my way<br /></span> +<span class="i0">In his golden array<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Is my fellow and guide.<br /></span> +<span class="i0">He casts my shadow<br /></span> +<span class="i0">O’er flowery meadow.<br /></span> +<span class="i0">I wander world-wide.<br /></span> +</div></div> +</div> + +<p>As we passed on our way, the houses of the village became smaller and +smaller. We soon left the last tree behind, and our path led over sweet +green slopes, till they too were lost under the stony debris of rocky +giants. There was a hunting-lodge close to the foot of the Peña vieja +cliff which the king of Spain visits nearly every year when chamois +hunting.</p> + +<p>The day drew slowly to its end. Great streamers curled round the Peña +vieja, pale shadows floated by like silver grey cobwebs, and the mist +rose and fell with every breath of wind. The billowing fog had already +wrapped us in its mighty veil when we reached the miners’ inn at +Lloroza. An overseer invited us to spend the night there. And we were +right glad to find shelter, in spite of the fact that both the hut and +its furniture looked like the first attempts of primitive man to scale +the ladder of civilization. The night we spent on the hard ground was +not a very restful one, and we were glad when the approach of day called +us from our layer.</p> + +<p>When we left the hut a surprising spectacle met our eyes. The fog which +had deprived us of any possibility of obtaining a view the evening +before now lay at our feet in the valley. The summits of the mountain +rose like islands in the sea of mist.</p> + +<p>The moment had arrived when day struggled with night for predominance. +The full-moon’s silver disc hung in the deep blue of the western sky, +and the morning star held its own for a while against the rising light +in the east. At last both moon and star turned to pale glass when the +sun sent forth his herald rays. The horizon was tinged with pink; long +red streamers fluttered from the windows of heaven to greet us, and then +the sun rose above the misty expanse, gilded the crests, flooded the +eastern pinnacles with the glory of his light, and glowed on the rocky +wall to which our hut clung. O wonderful silence of that hour!</p> + +<p>“A new day beckons us to other shores.”</p> + +<p>For yet a short distance the beaten path used by the king when stalking +showed us the way. Then we bent our steps over pathless boulders, sharp +edged rocks, mounds of debris, snow-fields strewn among the stony desert +with its jagged rock walls and towers.</p> + +<p>Whole herds of chamois stared in astonishment at the strange intruders +in their paradise. For the rest, they showed little inclination to run +away. The mountain fastness became progressively more barren and wild in +its aspect. An infinitely dismal mood seemed to brood o’er the scene. +Yet the magnificence of these mountains augmented from minute to minute. +Grotesque stone giants—cast in burning ore by the furnace of high +heaven—stood guarding this great grave of nature.</p> + +<p>Woe to the wanderer whose ignorant footsteps err here! Death lies in +ambush in the deep crevices and chasms.</p> + +<p>At last we halted in front of the monarch of the magnificent mountain +empire. His throne stands high in everlasting snow; a golden crown is on +his head. His picture is known to all from the most distant mountain +valley to the shores of the restless ocean. All admire his beauty, all +know his name: Naranjo de Balnes.<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_xix" id="page_xix">{xix}</a></span></p> + +<p>This huge rock colossus rises 600 metres over its surroundings. Its +perpendicular walls show hardly a crevice. And it seems incredible that +nevertheless that bold mountaineer the Marqués de Villaviciosa de +Asturia climbed to its summit.</p> + +<p>On our wanderings round this mighty and stubborn rock tower we seemed to +be lightened of all earthly burdens high up there in the solitude above +the depths of humanity.</p> + +<p>We climbed up to the Ceredo tower. The rocks were as sharp as knives. +Again the ghostly mist rose from the valleys and whirled spectrally +around us.</p> + +<p>It was 5 o’clock and the Cares valley with Cain to where our steps were +directed were not yet in sight.—I asked my companion: “How far yet?” “A +few hours more” was the not very consoling reply.—The mist, that enemy +of mountaineers was getting thicker. And ere long we could not see +twenty paces ahead. The feeling of insecurity grew apace. And the +sensation of climbing with mist-bound eyes was terrible. Again I +questioned my guide. “Severo, is there no hut or shelter on the +way?”—“I don’t think so.” Once more long minutes of silent groping. At +last we were, at any rate for a while, rid of the stony region. Here and +there a rocky projection, but it was quite impossible to tell if we were +not suspended on it hundreds of meters over a yawning abyss. It was +impossible to see anything through that fog. And at a quarter past six +it was pitch dark.</p> + +<p>Suddenly we came across a few low rough huts of unhewn stone huts +sheltered by a rock-wall. There at last we could spend the night. But my +guide wanted to go on. “Stop!” I cried. “Can we get to Cain to +night?”—“I don’t know.” “Well then we’ll stay here!” Suiting the action +to the word, we crept into one of the huts, crouched down, and slept +fitfully through ten endless hours of night. But even they passed. The +morning meant a dangerous and nasty descent. We waded knee-deep in wet +grass, clambered over ledges with fog all around us. Woe to us had we +slipped! Then we got lost and had to stop and climb back with the +greatest care. Then we slid down a stony gully in which nearly every +step set rocks thundering to the depths below.</p> + +<p>At last the moist grey mist began to lift. A rift showed the bed of the +valley far beneath us, and, as we thought, houses. But no, we were +mistaken. They were huge boulders, the wreckage of some avalanche that +filled the upper hollow. Down and down we scrambled till finally we +broke through the foggy screen. Our goal was at our feet. Cain, +strangely walled in by precipitous rocky cliffs rising sheer 1500 metres +high. We were there! And we could rest. Some bread and butter was all we +could find in the whole village to appease our hunger. We would gladly +have rested there a day, but the place was too inhospitable. We had +therefore to shoulder our <i>rucksacks</i> again. The distance we had climbed +down the day before, we had to climb up again on the opposite rocks of +the Peña santa. Hours and hours of strenuous efforts passed till we +reached the ridge. We re-descended valleywards in a drizzling rain. Lake +Enol was the last spot of beauty to be hidden from our view. It was +there we struck the main road, and then marched another 10 kilometres +down to Covadonga which we reached as tired as dogs.</p> + +<p>Night had already cast her shadow over the valley, and the stars were +beginning to shine forth. Welcoming lights were seen burning in +Covadonga. But it seemed as though we should never reach them. However +the prospect of a bed lent us strength, and at half past eight we +stumbled painfully over the threshold of a clean hospitable house. I +went to bed exhausted, and my restless dreams were haunted with the +beautiful and terrible wanderings in the Picos de Europa (<a href="#ill_266">266</a>-<a href="#ill_274">274</a>).</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_xx" id="page_xx">{xx}</a></span></p><p class="ohw">O</p> + +<p><span class="spc">My pilgrimage to the Yuste Convent (<a href="#ill_153">153</a>).</span>—I left soon after midnight, +for marching is delightful in southern nights when the glittering stars +shed their soft light from the great vault of heaven. In the south the +cool night is succeeded by summer days that are the misery of the +pedestrian.—The hours melted by but slowly in the furnace heat of the +day. I was beset with all possible ills: infernal heat, thirst, and no +water. Not a tree or a shrub was to be seen for miles; no shade; hours +without passing a house; not a soul abroad; the melancholy mood that +comes in the train of solitude. My path was obstructed by a river—at +any rate, water—but nary a bridge! So I had to wade, and continue my +journey. At last I spied a shepherd. What joy to feel that I was no +longer alone!</p> + +<p>“Is this the right road to Yuste?” I enquired of him.—“Yes, but where +doest thou come from, and what countryman art thou?” The good fellow +addressed me with the fraternal <i>tutoyer</i>, as though we were brothers.</p> + +<p>When he heard that I was a German he was quite surprised. He willingly +agreed to accompany me to the next village, and was quite curious to +hear something about my country. The news of the war had penetrated to +this remote part of the world. It was charming to listen to the +questions of this child of nature. He knew nothing of the three Rs; had +never seen a railway, had never left the neighbourhood of his village. +We soon met another shepherd on the mountain-side who was just as +pleased and interested as the other. And I must say, that wherever I was +in Spain, all classes of the population were friendly towards Germans.</p> + +<p>It was not long before we encountered other wayfarers who joined us, for +Sunday enticed them into the village. My entrance was therefore almost a +triumphal procession. We entered the inn, ordered some wine, and sat +down to a well-earned rest. When I wanted to pay the landlord, he +refused, telling me that Pepa had settled the bill. However, this +wouldn’t do. And at last he agreed to my paying on condition that the +next time I returned I should be his guest. They all shook hands with me +most-heartily and I continued joyfully on my way.</p> + +<p>At last I stood in front of the monastery gates. They were opened, and +the white haired abbot rode out on a little donkey, holding a green +parasol over his head. I saluted the venerable Father and enquired of +him whether I could stay at the monastery for the night. “No”, he +replied, “impossible.”—Discomfitted I exclaimed: “But where am I to go +to-day? I have travelled fifty kilometres and have come from +Navalmoral.”—“What, on foot? Impossible!” “Yes, but I have. I am a +German and want to see the spot which the emperor Charles V. exchanged +for all the crowns in the world, and where he closed his eyes.”—“You +are a German? Of course you can’t continue your journey.”</p> + +<p>I was most kindly and touchingly taken care of.</p> + +<p>I was shown the monastery which had once been destroyed by the French. +Decay and mould have continued the work of destruction. But nature’s +eternal youth triumphs victoriously amongst the ruins and beautifies the +decay of age. And yet this is a place to think about the everlastingness +of all things, of the end of all terrestrial happiness.—Once that great +monarch who had fled from the turmoil of the world had paced these +halls.</p> + +<p>At supper, I, the infidel sat at the monks’ board and was treated like a +brother.</p> + +<p>The next morning I was awakened long hours before sunrise. A lay brother +lit me with a lantern through the dark and ancient park. The monastery +gate swung on its hinges, the latch fell heavily, and I was again out in +the world all silvery with the moonlight. For a moment I stood +entranced.—I heard the mass bell calling the monks to prayers. And the +gates of Paradise were closed behind me.</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_xxi" id="page_xxi">{xxi}</a></span></p><p class="ohw">O</p> + +<p><span class="spc">The last echoes.</span>—My wanderings through Spain filled me with the joy of +life. She had become my second home. It was with a heavy heart that I +left.</p> + +<div class="poetry"> +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">“O follow me ye southern days<br /></span> +<span class="i1">’Neath colder skies and paler stars.<br /></span> +<span class="i1">And fill my thoughts with golden rays!”<br /></span> +</div></div> +</div> + +<p>The hour of departure had arrived.—It was a wonderful moonlight night +in which the little Spanish steamer which was to bear me homewards +sailed slowly out of Ferrol harbour. The moon cast a silver bridge over +the water, and along it my thoughts fled back to other moonlight nights +when she had often shown me the way in picturesque Spain.</p> + +<p>The lights along the coast shone like the eyes of anxious friends +looking a last farewell before darkness closed their lids. And then the +little ship ploughed homeward through the eternal waters with the +eternal sky above us, and the old old song of the waves accompanied me +back to my familiar home.</p> + +<p class="ohw"> </p> + +<p>And now that days and weeks of cloudy skies hang heavily over my country +where the sun is not so generous as in southern climes, my heart is +filled with yearning for Spain, with nostalgia for the sun.—Then I look +at my pictures, and we hold converse together, and re-live those +unfettered days spent in wanderings in sun-kissed Spain.</p> + +<p>In this volume I send forth my sun harvest. May it cast its light in the +hearts of many! May it tell of my love of Spain, and of my heartfelt +thanks to her chivalrous people for all their kind hospitality!<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_xxii" id="page_xxii">{xxii}</a></span></p> + +<h2><a name="ALPHABETICAL_LIST_OF_NAMES_AND_PLACES" id="ALPHABETICAL_LIST_OF_NAMES_AND_PLACES"></a>ALPHABETICAL LIST OF NAMES AND PLACES</h2> + +<p class="nind"> +Albarracin <a href="#page_192">192-194</a><br /> +Albufera <a href="#page_116">116</a><br /> +Alcala de Guadaira <a href="#page_71">71</a><br /> +Aldeanueva de la Vera <a href="#page_154">154</a><br /> +Algatocin <a href="#page_76">76</a><br /> +Alhambra <a href="#page_1">1-16</a>, <a href="#page_22">22</a><br /> +Almazan <a href="#page_227">227</a><br /> +Alquezar <a href="#page_210">210-212</a><br /> +Andújar <a href="#page_44">44</a>, <a href="#page_115">115</a><br /> +Antequera <a href="#page_64">64-66</a><br /> +Aranjuez <a href="#page_136">136-138</a><br /> +Arcos de la Frontera <a href="#page_48">48</a>, <a href="#page_49">49</a>, <a href="#page_72">72</a><br /> +Arranda de Duero <a href="#page_240">240</a><br /> +Autol <a href="#page_224">224</a>, <a href="#page_225">225</a><br /> +Avila <a href="#page_165">165-169</a><br /> +<br /> +Barcelona <a href="#page_200">200</a><br /> +Batuecas <a href="#page_260">260</a>, <a href="#page_261">261</a>, <a href="#page_263">263</a><br /> +Bielsa <a href="#page_213">213</a><br /> +Bilbao <a href="#page_284">284</a><br /> +Burgo de Osma <a href="#page_226">226</a><br /> +Burgos <a href="#page_234">234-238</a><br /> +Butron <a href="#page_277">277</a><br /> +Brachimañasee <a href="#page_216">216</a><br /> +<br /> +Caceres <a href="#page_83">83</a>, <a href="#page_84">84</a><br /> +Candelario <a href="#page_252">252</a>, <a href="#page_253">253</a><br /> +Cangas de Onis <a href="#page_274">274</a><br /> +Carmona <a href="#page_43">43</a>, <a href="#page_70">70</a><br /> +Castellbó <a href="#page_208">208</a><br /> +Castellfullit <a href="#page_204">204</a><br /> +Cave Dwellings <a href="#page_92">92-99</a><br /> +Cenaruza <a href="#page_282">282</a><br /> +Cepeda <a href="#page_155">155</a><br /> +Chorro <a href="#page_73">73</a><br /> +Ciudad Rodrigo <a href="#page_250">250</a>, <a href="#page_251">251</a><br /> +Coca <a href="#page_184">184-187</a><br /> +Cordoba <a href="#page_50">50-60</a><br /> +Cuenca <a href="#page_120">120</a>, <a href="#page_121">121</a><br /> +<br /> +Daroca <a href="#page_195">195-197</a><br /> +Debotes Valley <a href="#page_207">207</a><br /> +Durango <a href="#page_279">279</a>, <a href="#page_283">283</a><br /> +<br /> +Ecija <a href="#page_68">68</a>, <a href="#page_69">69</a><br /> +Elché <a href="#page_101">101-103</a><br /> +Elorrio <a href="#page_285">285</a><br /> +Escorial <a href="#page_129">129-135</a><br /> +<br /> +Fuenterabia <a href="#page_298">298</a><br /> +<br /> +Gerona <a href="#page_202">202</a>, <a href="#page_203">203</a><br /> +Granada <a href="#page_1">1-25</a><br /> +Guadalajara <a href="#page_178">178-181</a><br /> +Guadalest <a href="#page_118">118</a><br /> +Guadix <a href="#page_100">100</a><br /> +Güejar-Sierra <a href="#page_77">77</a><br /> +<br /> +Hermida <a href="#page_266">266</a><br /> +Hurdes <a href="#page_259">259</a><br /> +<br /> +Jativa <a href="#page_111">111-113</a><br /> +Javea <a href="#page_108">108</a><br /> +Jerez de la Frontera <a href="#page_67">67</a><br /> +Jerica <a href="#page_191">191</a><br /> +<br /> +La Alberca <a href="#page_254">254</a>, <a href="#page_256">256</a>, <a href="#page_257">257</a><br /> +Lagartera <a href="#page_150">150</a>, <a href="#page_151">151</a><br /> +<br /> +Madrid <a href="#page_126">126-128</a><br /> +Maladeta <a href="#page_219">219</a><br /> +Mañaria <a href="#page_278">278</a><br /> +Manzanera <a href="#page_42">42</a><br /> +Martos <a href="#page_74">74</a>, <a href="#page_75">75</a><br /> +Medinaceli <a href="#page_176">176</a>, <a href="#page_177">177</a><br /> +Mochagar <a href="#page_91">91</a><br /> +Mogarraz <a href="#page_258">258</a><br /> +Mombeltran <a href="#page_183">183</a><br /> +Monte Agudo <a href="#page_119">119</a><br /> +Montserrat <a href="#page_201">201</a><br /> +<br /> +Niebla <a href="#page_80">80</a>, <a href="#page_81">81</a><br /> +Nuria <a href="#page_206">206</a><br /> +<br /> +Ondarroa <a href="#page_276">276</a><br /> +Orihuela <a href="#page_104">104-107</a><br /> +Oviedo <a href="#page_264">264</a>, <a href="#page_265">265</a><br /> +<br /> +Pancorbo <a href="#page_231">231-233</a><br /> +Pasages <a href="#page_291">291-296</a>, <a href="#page_304">304</a><br /> +Peñafiel <a href="#page_182">182</a><br /> +Peña Montañesa <a href="#page_214">214</a><br /> +Pic de Aneto <a href="#page_217">217</a>, <a href="#page_218">218</a><br /> +Pic du midi <a href="#page_216">216</a><br /> +Picos de Europa <a href="#page_266">266-274</a><br /> +Pontevedra <a href="#page_301">301</a><br /> +Potes <a href="#page_270">270-273</a><br /> +Pyrenees <a href="#page_205">205-219</a><br /> +<br /> +Ronda <a href="#page_62">62</a>, <a href="#page_63">63</a><br /> +<br /> +Sagunt <a href="#page_109">109</a>, <a href="#page_110">110</a><br /> +Salamanca <a href="#page_246">246-249</a><br /> +San Esteban de Gormaz <a href="#page_229">229</a>, <a href="#page_230">230</a><br /> +San Juan de Plan <a href="#page_209">209</a><br /> +San Sebastian <a href="#page_286">286-290</a><br /> +Santander <a href="#page_275">275</a><br /> +Santiago de Campostela <a href="#page_300">300</a><br /> +Sarragoza <a href="#page_220">220</a>, <a href="#page_221">221</a><br /> +Segovia <a href="#page_157">157-164</a><br /> +Segretal <a href="#page_205">205</a><br /> +Sepulveda <a href="#page_172">172-175</a><br /> +Seville <a href="#page_28">28-41</a><br /> +Sierra Nevada <a href="#page_79">79</a><br /> +Sigüenza <a href="#page_188">188-190</a><br /> +Soria <a href="#page_228">228</a><br /> +<br /> +Tarifa <a href="#page_45">45</a>, <a href="#page_46">46</a><br /> +Tarazona <a href="#page_223">223</a><br /> +Tarragona <a href="#page_198">198</a>, <a href="#page_199">199</a><br /> +Toledo <a href="#page_139">139-148</a><br /> +Toro <a href="#page_244">244</a><br /> +Trujillo <a href="#page_85">85-87</a><br /> +Turrégano <a href="#page_170">170</a>, <a href="#page_171">171</a><br /> +<br /> +Valencia <a href="#page_114">114</a>, <a href="#page_117">117</a><br /> +Valladolid <a href="#page_241">241-243</a><br /> +Vigo <a href="#page_303">303</a><br /> +<br /> +Yuste <a href="#page_153">153</a><br /> +<br /> +Zafra <a href="#page_82">82</a><br /> +Zamora <a href="#page_245">245</a><br /> +</p> + +<hr /> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_xxiii" id="page_xxiii">{xxiii}</a></span> </p> + +<p class="hang">Towns: <a href="#page_2">2</a>, <a href="#page_4">4</a>, <a href="#page_16">16</a>, <a href="#page_21">21</a>, <a href="#page_28">28</a>, <a href="#page_62">62-64</a>, <a href="#page_72">72</a>, <a href="#page_74">74</a>, <a href="#page_80">80</a>, <a href="#page_91">91-99</a>, <a href="#page_120">120</a>, <a href="#page_128">128</a>, <a href="#page_139">139</a>, <a href="#page_157">157</a>, +<a href="#page_166">166</a>, <a href="#page_172">172</a>, <a href="#page_191">191</a>, <a href="#page_192">192</a>, <a href="#page_195">195</a>, <a href="#page_202">202</a>, <a href="#page_204">204</a>, <a href="#page_210">210</a>, <a href="#page_223">223</a>, <a href="#page_226">226</a>, <a href="#page_227">227</a>, <a href="#page_232">232</a>, <a href="#page_246">246</a>, <a href="#page_276">276</a>, +<a href="#page_286">286</a>, <a href="#page_287">287</a>, <a href="#page_290">290</a>, <a href="#page_293">293</a>.</p> + +<p class="hang">Gateways, Towers, Fortified Walls: <a href="#page_5">5</a>, <a href="#page_29">29</a>, <a href="#page_75">75</a>, <a href="#page_80">80</a>, <a href="#page_81">81</a>, <a href="#page_85">85-87</a>, <a href="#page_143">143</a>, +<a href="#page_167">167-169</a>, <a href="#page_186">186-188</a>, <a href="#page_193">193</a>, <a href="#page_196">196</a>.</p> + +<p class="hang">Streets, Squares: <a href="#page_24">24</a>, <a href="#page_25">25</a>, <a href="#page_31">31</a>, <a href="#page_60">60</a>, <a href="#page_65">65</a>, <a href="#page_66">66</a>, <a href="#page_75">75-77</a>, <a href="#page_83">83</a>, <a href="#page_85">85</a>, <a href="#page_86">86</a>, <a href="#page_147">147</a>, <a href="#page_148">148</a>, +<a href="#page_154">154</a>, <a href="#page_155">155</a>, <a href="#page_163">163</a>, <a href="#page_170">170</a>, <a href="#page_173">173</a>, <a href="#page_174">174</a>, <a href="#page_175">175</a>, <a href="#page_176">176</a>, <a href="#page_189">189</a>, <a href="#page_190">190</a>, <a href="#page_193">193</a>, <a href="#page_197">197</a>, <a href="#page_198">198</a>, <a href="#page_203">203</a>, +<a href="#page_208">208</a>, <a href="#page_209">209</a>, <a href="#page_211">211-213</a>, <a href="#page_231">231-233</a>, <a href="#page_247">247</a>, <a href="#page_251">251</a>, <a href="#page_253">253</a>, <a href="#page_270">270-273</a>, <a href="#page_278">278</a>, <a href="#page_295">295</a>, <a href="#page_296">296</a>.</p> + +<p class="hang">Churches, Convents, Chapels, Cemeteries, etc.: <a href="#page_23">23</a>, <a href="#page_31">31</a>, <a href="#page_41">41</a>, <a href="#page_50">50-59</a>, <a href="#page_66">66</a>, +<a href="#page_67">67</a>, <a href="#page_86">86</a>, <a href="#page_108">108</a>, <a href="#page_146">146</a>, <a href="#page_147">147</a>, <a href="#page_152">152</a>, <a href="#page_153">153</a>, <a href="#page_158">158</a>, <a href="#page_164">164</a>, <a href="#page_165">165</a>, <a href="#page_169">169</a>, <a href="#page_177">177</a>, <a href="#page_199">199</a>, <a href="#page_220">220</a>, <a href="#page_221">221</a>, +<a href="#page_228">228</a>, <a href="#page_229">229</a>, <a href="#page_234">234-241</a>, <a href="#page_244">244-246</a>, <a href="#page_260">260-262</a>, <a href="#page_264">264</a>, <a href="#page_265">265</a>, <a href="#page_282">282-285</a>, <a href="#page_300">300</a>.</p> + +<p class="hang">Squares, Public Buildings, Typical Houses: <a href="#page_6">6-15</a>, <a href="#page_17">17-21</a>, <a href="#page_30">30</a>, <a href="#page_32">32</a>, <a href="#page_33">33</a>, +<a href="#page_36">36-40</a>, <a href="#page_68">68</a>, <a href="#page_69">69</a>, <a href="#page_114">114</a>, <a href="#page_116">116</a>, <a href="#page_117">117</a>, <a href="#page_126">126</a>, <a href="#page_127">127</a>, <a href="#page_129">129</a>, <a href="#page_130">130</a>, <a href="#page_132">132</a>, <a href="#page_134">134-137</a>, <a href="#page_144">144</a>, +<a href="#page_162">162</a>, <a href="#page_178">178-181</a>, <a href="#page_250">250</a>, <a href="#page_279">279</a>, <a href="#page_280">280</a>, <a href="#page_298">298</a>.</p> + +<p class="hang">Courts (Patios) and Gardens: <a href="#page_6">6-8</a>, <a href="#page_12">12-15</a>, <a href="#page_17">17</a>, <a href="#page_34">34</a>, <a href="#page_35">35</a>, <a href="#page_37">37</a>, <a href="#page_40">40</a>, <a href="#page_42">42-49</a>, <a href="#page_58">58</a>, +<a href="#page_69">69</a>, <a href="#page_82">82</a>, <a href="#page_90">90</a>, <a href="#page_131">131</a>, <a href="#page_138">138</a>, <a href="#page_145">145</a>, <a href="#page_179">179-181</a>, <a href="#page_200">200</a>, <a href="#page_238">238</a>, <a href="#page_242">242</a>, <a href="#page_243">243</a>, <a href="#page_249">249</a>, <a href="#page_298">298</a>.</p> + +<p class="hang">Stairways, Lattice Windows: <a href="#page_39">39</a>, <a href="#page_68">68</a>, <a href="#page_115">115</a>, <a href="#page_144">144</a>, <a href="#page_200">200</a>, <a href="#page_203">203</a>, <a href="#page_248">248</a>.</p> + +<p class="hang">Fountains: <a href="#page_9">9</a>, <a href="#page_12">12-15</a>, <a href="#page_20">20</a>, <a href="#page_37">37</a>, <a href="#page_49">49</a>, <a href="#page_60">60</a>, <a href="#page_197">197</a>, <a href="#page_232">232</a>.</p> + +<p class="hang">Bridges: <a href="#page_63">63</a>, <a href="#page_140">140-143</a>, <a href="#page_268">268</a>, <a href="#page_270">270</a>, <a href="#page_274">274</a>, <a href="#page_276">276</a>.</p> + +<p class="hang">Castles (Castillos): <a href="#page_1">1-5</a>, <a href="#page_22">22</a>, <a href="#page_70">70</a>, <a href="#page_71">71</a>, <a href="#page_110">110-112</a>, <a href="#page_118">118</a>, <a href="#page_119">119</a>, <a href="#page_141">141</a>, <a href="#page_161">161</a>, <a href="#page_170">170</a>, +<a href="#page_171">171</a>, <a href="#page_182">182-186</a>, <a href="#page_277">277</a>.</p> + +<p class="hang">Views of Landscapes: <a href="#page_2">2-4</a>, <a href="#page_21">21</a>, <a href="#page_62">62</a>, <a href="#page_63">63</a>, <a href="#page_72">72</a>, <a href="#page_73">73</a>, <a href="#page_79">79</a>, <a href="#page_88">88</a>, <a href="#page_92">92-99</a>, <a href="#page_101">101-107</a>, +<a href="#page_113">113</a>, <a href="#page_116">116</a>, <a href="#page_194">194</a>, <a href="#page_201">201</a>, <a href="#page_204">204-207</a>, <a href="#page_214">214-219</a>, <a href="#page_224">224</a>, <a href="#page_225">225</a>, <a href="#page_230">230</a>, <a href="#page_260">260</a>, <a href="#page_263">263</a>, <a href="#page_266">266-269</a>, +<a href="#page_274">274</a>, <a href="#page_275">275</a>, <a href="#page_286">286-289</a>, <a href="#page_291">291</a>, <a href="#page_292">292</a>, <a href="#page_294">294</a>, <a href="#page_299">299</a>, <a href="#page_301">301-304</a>.</p> + +<p class="hang">Costumes and Life of the People: <a href="#page_26">26</a>, <a href="#page_27">27</a>, <a href="#page_61">61</a>, <a href="#page_78">78</a>, <a href="#page_84">84</a>, <a href="#page_90">90</a>, <a href="#page_122">122-125</a>, <a href="#page_149">149</a>, +<a href="#page_150">150</a>, <a href="#page_151">151</a>, <a href="#page_155">155</a>, <a href="#page_156">156</a>, <a href="#page_160">160</a>, <a href="#page_174">174</a>, <a href="#page_175">175</a>, <a href="#page_222">222</a>, <a href="#page_252">252</a>, <a href="#page_254">254-259</a>, <a href="#page_262">262</a>, <a href="#page_281">281</a>, <a href="#page_296">296</a>, +<a href="#page_297">297</a>.</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_xxiv" id="page_xxiv">{xxiv}</a></span> </p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_1" id="page_1">{1}</a></span> </p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_001"> +<a href="images/ill_001.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_001.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Granada-Alhambra.</p> +</div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_2" id="page_2">{2}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_002"> +<a href="images/ill_002.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_002.jpg" +width="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Granada</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>Alhambra and the Vega</p> + +<p>Alhambra y la Vega</p> + +<p>Alhambra und die Vega</p> + +<p>Vue de l’Alhambra et la Vega</p> + +<p>L’Alambra e la Vega</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_3" id="page_3">{3}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_003"> +<a href="images/ill_003.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_003.jpg" +width="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Granada</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>Alhambra—In the background the Sierra Nevada</p> + +<p>Alhambra-Puesta del sol: En el fondo la Sierra Nevada</p> + +<p>Alhambra-Abendstimmung: im Hintergrund die Sierra Nevada</p> + +<p>Le soir à Grenade: au fond la Sierra Nevada</p> + +<p>L’Alambra sul tramonto: In fondo la Sierra Nevada</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_4" id="page_4">{4}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_004"> +<a href="images/ill_004.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_004.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Granada-Alhambra.</p> +</div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_5" id="page_5">{5}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_005"> +<a href="images/ill_005.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_005.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Granada</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>The Alhambra Towers</p> + +<p>Torres de la Alhambra</p> + +<p>Alhambratürme</p> + +<p>Les tours de l’Alhambra</p> + +<p>I torrioni dell’Alambra</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_6" id="page_6">{6}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_006"> +<a href="images/ill_006.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_006.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Granada-Alhambra</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>The Myrtle Court</p> + +<p>Patio de los Arrayanes</p> + +<p>Myrtenhof</p> + +<p>La cour des myrtes</p> + +<p>La corte dei mirti</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_7" id="page_7">{7}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_007"> +<a href="images/ill_007.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_007.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Granada-Alhambra</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>The Myrtle Court</p> + +<p>Patio de los Arrayanes</p> + +<p>Myrtenhof</p> + +<p>La cour des myrtes</p> + +<p>La corte dei mirti</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_8" id="page_8">{8}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_008"> +<a href="images/ill_008.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_008.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Granada-Alhambra</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>The Court of the Lions</p> + +<p>Patio de los Leones</p> + +<p>Löwenhof</p> + +<p>La cour des Lions</p> + +<p>La corte dei leoni</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_9" id="page_9">{9}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_009"> +<a href="images/ill_009.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_009.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Granada-Alhambra</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>The Lion Fountain in the Court of the Lions</p> + +<p>La fuente en el patio de los Leones</p> + +<p>Der Löwenbrunnen im Löwenhof</p> + +<p>La Fontaine avec le bassin dans la cour des Lions</p> + +<p>La fontana del leoni nella Corte omonima</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_10" id="page_10">{10}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_010"> +<a href="images/ill_010.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_010.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Granada-Alhambra</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>Court of Justice</p> + +<p>Sala de la Justicia</p> + +<p>Gerichtshalle</p> + +<p>La salle de Justice</p> + +<p>La sala della Giustizia</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_11" id="page_11">{11}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_011"> +<a href="images/ill_011.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_011.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Granada-Alhambra</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>Bay Windows of the Daraxa</p> + +<p>Le pavillion de la Daraxa</p> + +<p>Erker der Daraxa</p> + +<p>Mirador de Daraxa</p> + +<p>Il padiglione di Daraxa</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_12" id="page_12">{12}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_012"> +<a href="images/ill_012.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_012.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Granada-Alhambra</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>The Daraxa Court</p> + +<p>Un coin du jardin de la Daraxa</p> + +<p>Gartenhof der Daraxa</p> + +<p>Patio de Daraxa</p> + +<p>Il giardino di Daraxa</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_13" id="page_13">{13}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_013"> +<a href="images/ill_013.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_013.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Granada-Alhambra</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>The Daraxa Court</p> + +<p>Un coin du jardin de la Daraxa</p> + +<p>Gartenhof der Daraxa</p> + +<p>Patio de Daraxa</p> + +<p>Il giardino di Daraxa</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_14" id="page_14">{14}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_014"> +<a href="images/ill_014.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_014.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Granada-Alhambra</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>In the Daraxa Garden</p> + +<p>Patio de Daraxa</p> + +<p>Im Garten der Daraxa</p> + +<p>Dans le jardin de la Daraxa</p> + +<p>Il giardino di Daraxa</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_15" id="page_15">{15}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_015"> +<a href="images/ill_015.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_015.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Granada-Alhambra</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>The Cypress Court</p> + +<p>Patio de los cipreses</p> + +<p>Zypressenhof</p> + +<p>La cour des cyprès</p> + +<p>Il cortile dei cipressi</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_16" id="page_16">{16}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_016"> +<a href="images/ill_016.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_016.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Granada-Alhambra</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>View of the Albaicin from the Queens Boudoir</p> + +<p>Vista desde el Peinador de la Reina sobre el Albaicin</p> + +<p>Blick aus dem Putzzimmer der Königin nach dem Albaicin</p> + +<p>Vue sur l’Albaicin, prise du boudoir de la reine</p> + +<p>Veduta di Albalcin presa dallo spogliatola della regina</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_17" id="page_17">{17}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_017"> +<a href="images/ill_017.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_017.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Granada</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>Palace of the Generalife</p> + +<p>Palacio del Generalife</p> + +<p>Generalifepalast</p> + +<p>Palais da Généralife</p> + +<p>Palazzo del Generalife</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_18" id="page_18">{18}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_018"> +<a href="images/ill_018.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_018.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Granada</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>Entrance-Hall of the Generalife</p> + +<p>Entrade del Generalife</p> + +<p>Eintrittshalle im Generalife</p> + +<p>Entrée du Généralife</p> + +<p>Ingresso nel Generalife</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_19" id="page_19">{19}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_019"> +<a href="images/ill_019.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_019.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Granada</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>Colonnade in the Generalife</p> + +<p>En el Generalife</p> + +<p>Säulenhalle im Generalife</p> + +<p>Colonade dans le Généralife</p> + +<p>Colonnato nel Generalife</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_20" id="page_20">{20}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_020"> +<a href="images/ill_020.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_020.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Granada</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>In the Garden of the Generalife</p> + +<p>En el jardin del Generalife</p> + +<p>Generalifegarten</p> + +<p>Un jardin du Généralife</p> + +<p>Giardino del Generalife</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_21" id="page_21">{21}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_021"> +<a href="images/ill_021.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_021.jpg" +width="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Granada</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>View from one of the Generalife Gardens on the Albaicin</p> + +<p>Vista desde un jardincito del Generalife sobre el Albaicin</p> + +<p>Blick aus einem Generalifegärtchen nach dem Albaicin</p> + +<p>Vue sur l’Albaicin, prise d’un jardin du Généralife</p> + +<p>Veduta di Albaicin da un giardino del Generalife</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_22" id="page_22">{22}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_022"> +<a href="images/ill_022.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_022.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Granada</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>View of Alhambra from the Outlook Tower of the Generalife</p> + +<p>Vista desde el Mirador del Generalife sobre la Alhambra</p> + +<p>Blick aus dem Aussichtsturm des Generalife auf die Alhambra</p> + +<p>Vue sur l’Alhambra, prise du belvedère du Généralife</p> + +<p>Veduta dell’Alhambra della torre del Generalife</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_23" id="page_23">{23}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_023"> +<a href="images/ill_023.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_023.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Granada</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>The Cathedral—The Royal Chapel—in the Railing the Passion</p> + +<p>La Catedral-Capilla real—En la reja la Pasión de Jesucristo</p> + +<p>Kathedrale-Capilla real—im Gitter die Leidensgeschichte Christi</p> + +<p>A la Cathedrale—La Chapelle royale—Au haut de la grille sont +representées les scènes de la Passion de Jésus-Christ</p> + +<p>Cattedrale—Capello Reale—Nel cancello è raffigurata la passione di +Cristo</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_24" id="page_24">{24}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_024"> +<a href="images/ill_024.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_024.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Granada</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>Street on the Darro</p> + +<p>Calle del Darro</p> + +<p>Straße am Darro</p> + +<p>Rue longeant le Darro</p> + +<p>Calle del Darro</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_25" id="page_25">{25}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_24a"> +<a href="images/ill_024a.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_024a.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Granada</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>In the Albaicin</p> + +<p>En el Albaicin</p> + +<p>Im Albaicin</p> + +<p>L’Albacin</p> + +<p>Nell’Albacina</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_26" id="page_26">{26}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_24b"> +<a href="images/ill_024b.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_024b.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Gypsy dancing</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>Gitana ballando</p> + +<p>Tanzende Zigeunerin</p> + +<p>Danseuse Gitane</p> + +<p>Zingara danzante</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_27" id="page_27">{27}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_025"> +<a href="images/ill_025.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_025.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Playing the Guitar</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>Con la guitarra</p> + +<p>Mit der Laute</p> + +<p>Une joueuse de guitare</p> + +<p>Con la chitarra</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_28" id="page_28">{28}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_026"> +<a href="images/ill_026.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_026.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Sevilla</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>General View of the Town from the Giralda Tower of the Cathedral</p> + +<p>Vista general, tomada desde la Giralda</p> + +<p>Blick vom Turm der Kathedrale (der Giralda) über die Stadt</p> + +<p>Vue générale, prise de la Giralda (tour de la cathédrale)</p> + +<p>Veduta dalla citta dalla torre (la Giralda) della Cattedrale</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_29" id="page_29">{29}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_027"> +<a href="images/ill_027.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_027.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Sevilla</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>The Golden Tower and the Cathedral</p> + +<p>La torre de Oro y la Catedral</p> + +<p>Der Goldturm und die Kathedrale</p> + +<p>La tour d’or et la cathédrale</p> + +<p>La torre dell’ora e la Cattedrale</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_30" id="page_30">{30}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_028"> +<a href="images/ill_028.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_028.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Sevilla</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>Details of the City-Hall Façade</p> + +<p>Detalle de la fachada del Ayuntamiento</p> + +<p>Teilstück der Rathausfassade</p> + +<p>Détail de la façade de l’hôtel de ville</p> + +<p>Dettaglio della facciata del Municipio</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_31" id="page_31">{31}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_029"> +<a href="images/ill_029.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_029.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Sevilla</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>The Giralda (Cathedral Tower)</p> + +<p>La Giralda</p> + +<p>Die Giralda (Turm der Kathedrale)</p> + +<p>La Giralda (Tour de la cathédrale)</p> + +<p>La Giralda (la torre della Cattedrale)</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_32" id="page_32">{32}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_030"> +<a href="images/ill_030.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_030.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Sevilla-Alcázar</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>The Ambassadors’ Hall</p> + +<p>Sala de Embajadores</p> + +<p>Gesandtensaal</p> + +<p>Salle des ambassadeurs</p> + +<p>La Sala degli Ambasciatori</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_33" id="page_33">{33}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_031"> +<a href="images/ill_031.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_031.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Sevilla-Alcázar</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>The Dolls’ Court</p> + +<p>Patio de las Muñecas</p> + +<p>Puppenhof</p> + +<p>La cour des poupées</p> + +<p>La Corte delle bambole</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_34" id="page_34">{34}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_032"> +<a href="images/ill_032.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_032.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Sevilla</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>In the Alcázar Garden</p> + +<p>En el jardin del Alcázar</p> + +<p>Im Alcázargarten</p> + +<p>Au jardin de l’Alcázar</p> + +<p>Nel giardino dell’Alcázar</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_35" id="page_35">{35}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_033"> +<a href="images/ill_033.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_033.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Sevilla</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>In the Alcázar Garden</p> + +<p>En el jardin del Alcázar</p> + +<p>Im Alcázargarten</p> + +<p>Au jardin de l’Alcázar</p> + +<p>Nel giardino dell’Alcázar</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_36" id="page_36">{36}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_034"> +<a href="images/ill_034.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_034.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Sevilla</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>Pilate’s House</p> + +<p>Casa de Pilato</p> + +<p>Pilatushaus</p> + +<p>La maison de Pilate</p> + +<p>La Casa di Pilato</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_37" id="page_37">{37}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_035"> +<a href="images/ill_035.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_035.jpg" +width="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Sevilla</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>Court in Pilate’s House</p> + +<p>Patio de la Casa de Pilato</p> + +<p>Hof im Pilatushaus</p> + +<p>Cour intérieure de la maison de Pilate</p> + +<p>La Casa di Pilato, Corte</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_38" id="page_38">{38}</a></span> </p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_036"> +<a href="images/ill_036.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_036.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Sevilla</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>Court Gates, Pilate’s House</p> + +<p>Portada de la Casa de Pilato</p> + +<p>Tür zum Hof des Pilatushauses</p> + +<p>Entrée de la cour de la maison de Pilate</p> + +<p>Porta di accesso alla Corte della Casa di Pilato</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_39" id="page_39">{39}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_037"> +<a href="images/ill_037.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_037.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Sevilla</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>Pilate’s House—Grille</p> + +<p>Casa de Pilato—Reja</p> + +<p>Pilatushaus—Fenstergitter</p> + +<p>Fenêtre grillée de la maison de Pilate</p> + +<p>Casa di Pilato. Finestra con grata</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_40" id="page_40">{40}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_038"> +<a href="images/ill_038.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_038.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Sevilla</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>Court in Duke Alba’s Palace</p> + +<p>Patio en el palacio del duque de Alba</p> + +<p>Hof im Palast des Herzogs Alba</p> + +<p>Cour intérieure du palais du duc d’Albe</p> + +<p>La Corte nel Cortile del Duca d’Alba</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_41" id="page_41">{41}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_039"> +<a href="images/ill_039.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_039.jpg" +width="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Sevilla</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>St. Paul’s Convent</p> + +<p>Convento de Sta. Paula</p> + +<p>Kloster Sta. Paula</p> + +<p>Couvent de Sainte Paule</p> + +<p>Il Convento di Santa Paola</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_42" id="page_42">{42}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_040"> +<a href="images/ill_040.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_040.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">In Manzanera</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>A Manzanera</p> + +<p>In Manzanera</p> + +<p>Dans la Manzanera</p> + +<p>En Manzanera</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_43" id="page_43">{43}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_041"> +<a href="images/ill_041.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_041.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Court in Carmona</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>Patio en Carmona</p> + +<p>Hof in Carmona</p> + +<p>Une cour de maison à Carmona</p> + +<p>Il cortile in una casa di Carmona</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_44" id="page_44">{44}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_042"> +<a href="images/ill_042.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_042.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Court in Andújar</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>Patio en Andújar</p> + +<p>Hof in Andújar</p> + +<p>Une cour de maison à Andújar</p> + +<p>Il cortile in una casa di Andújar</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_45" id="page_45">{45}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_043"> +<a href="images/ill_043.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_043.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Court in Tarifa</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>Patio en Tarifa</p> + +<p>Hof in Tarifa</p> + +<p>Une cour de maison à Tarifa</p> + +<p>Il cortile in una casa di Tarifa</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_46" id="page_46">{46}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_044"> +<a href="images/ill_044.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_044.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Court in Tarifa</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>Patio en Tarifa</p> + +<p>Hof in Tarifa</p> + +<p>Une cour de maison à Tarifa</p> + +<p>Il cortile in una casa di Tarifa</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_47" id="page_47">{47}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_045"> +<a href="images/ill_045.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_045.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Court in Vejer</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>Patio en Vejer</p> + +<p>Hof in Vejer</p> + +<p>Une cour de maison à Vejer</p> + +<p>Il cortile in una casa di Vejer</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_48" id="page_48">{48}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_046"> +<a href="images/ill_046.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_046.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Court in Arcos de la Frontera</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>Patio en Arcos de la Frontera</p> + +<p>Hof In Arcos de la Frontera</p> + +<p>Une cour de maison à Arcos de la Frontera</p> + +<p>Il cortile in una casa di Arcos de la Frontera</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_49" id="page_49">{49}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_047"> +<a href="images/ill_047.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_047.jpg" +width="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Court in Arcos de la Frontera</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>Patio en Arcos de la Frontera</p> + +<p>Hof in Arcos de la Frontera</p> + +<p>Une cour de maison à Arcos de la Frontera</p> + +<p>Il cortile di una casa a Arcos de la Frontera</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_50" id="page_50">{50}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_048"> +<a href="images/ill_048.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_048.jpg" +width="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Cordoba</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>Facade of the Mosque</p> + +<p>Fachada de la Mezquita</p> + +<p>Fassade der Moschee</p> + +<p>Façade de la mosquée</p> + +<p>Facciata della Moschea</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_51" id="page_51">{51}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_049"> +<a href="images/ill_049.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_049.jpg" +width="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Cordoba</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>Columns in the Mosque</p> + +<p>Columnas en la Mezquita</p> + +<p>Säulenwald der Moschee</p> + +<p>Le fouillis des colonnes à l’intérieur de la mosquée</p> + +<p>La selva delle colonne nell’interno della Moschea</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_52" id="page_52">{52}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_050"> +<a href="images/ill_050.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_050.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Cordoba</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>Mihrab Mosque (Holy of Holies)</p> + +<p>Mezquita—Mihrab</p> + +<p>Moschee—Mihrab (Allerheiligstes)</p> + +<p>La Mosquée: le Mihrab (sanctuaire)</p> + +<p>La Moschee: Mihrab (santuario)</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_53" id="page_53">{53}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_051"> +<a href="images/ill_051.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_051.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Cordoba</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>Interior of the Mosque</p> + +<p>En la Mezquita</p> + +<p>Moscheeinneres</p> + +<p>Intérieur de la mosquée</p> + +<p>L’interno della Moschee</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_54" id="page_54">{54}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_052"> +<a href="images/ill_052.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_052.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Cordoba</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>Mosque—View of the High Altar</p> + +<p>Mezquita—Vista del altar mayor</p> + +<p>Moschee—Blick zum Hochaltar</p> + +<p>La Mosquée: vue du maître-autel</p> + +<p>La Moschea: veduta dell’altar maggiore</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_55" id="page_55">{55}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_053"> +<a href="images/ill_053.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_053.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Cordoba</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>Mosque—View from the Choir</p> + +<p>Mezquita—Vista desde el Coro</p> + +<p>Moschee—Blick aus dem Choreinbau</p> + +<p>La Mosquée vue de choeur</p> + +<p>La Moschea: veduta del Coro</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_56" id="page_56">{56}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_054"> +<a href="images/ill_054.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_054.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Cordoba</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>Mosque—Capilla de St. Fernando</p> + +<p>Mezquita—Capilla de S. Fernando</p> + +<p>Moschee—Capilla S. Fernando</p> + +<p>La Mosquée: chapelle de Saint Ferdinand</p> + +<p>La Moschea: Cappella di S. Ferdinando</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_57" id="page_57">{57}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_055"> +<a href="images/ill_055.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_055.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Cordoba</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>Mosque—Capilla de St. Fernando</p> + +<p>Mezquita—Capilla de S. Fernando</p> + +<p>Moschee—Capilla S. Fernando</p> + +<p>La Mosquée: chapelle de Saint Ferdinand</p> + +<p>La Moschea: Cappella di S. Ferdinando</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_58" id="page_58">{58}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_056"> +<a href="images/ill_056.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_056.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Cordoba</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>Mosque—The Court of Oranges</p> + +<p>Mezquita—Patio de las Naranjas</p> + +<p>Moschee—Orangenhof</p> + +<p>La Mosquée: cour des orangers</p> + +<p>La Moschea: La corte degli aranci</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_59" id="page_59">{59}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_057"> +<a href="images/ill_057.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_057.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Cordoba</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>Hermitage</p> + +<p>Ermita</p> + +<p>Einsiedelei</p> + +<p>L’Ermitage</p> + +<p>Eremo</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_60" id="page_60">{60}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_058"> +<a href="images/ill_058.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_058.jpg" +width="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Cordoba</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>Fountain</p> + +<p>Fuente</p> + +<p>Brunnen</p> + +<p>Une fontaine</p> + +<p>Fontana</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_61" id="page_61">{61}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_059"> +<a href="images/ill_059.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_059.jpg" +width="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Straw Cart</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>Carro para cargar paja</p> + +<p>Karren für Stroh</p> + +<p>Une charrette pour le transport da la paille</p> + +<p>Una carretta per il trasporto della paglia</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_62" id="page_62">{62}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_060"> +<a href="images/ill_060.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_060.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Ronda</p> +</div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_63" id="page_63">{63}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_061"> +<a href="images/ill_061.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_061.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Ronda</p> +</div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_64" id="page_64">{64}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_062"> +<a href="images/ill_062.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_062.jpg" +width="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Antequera</p> +</div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_65" id="page_65">{65}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_063"> +<a href="images/ill_063.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_063.jpg" +width="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Antequera.—Plaza S. Sebastian</p> +</div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_66" id="page_66">{66}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_064"> +<a href="images/ill_064.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_064.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Antequera</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>Chapel of the Virgin of Succour</p> + +<p>Capilla de la Virgen del Socorro</p> + +<p>Kapelle der hilfespendenden Jungfrau</p> + +<p>Chapelle de Notre-Dame de Bon Secours</p> + +<p>Cappella della Madonna del Buon soccorso</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_67" id="page_67">{67}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_065"> +<a href="images/ill_065.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_065.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Jerez de la Frontera</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>Cartuja—Cypress Court</p> + +<p>Cartuja—Patio de los cipreses</p> + +<p>Cartuja—Zypressenhof</p> + +<p>Cartuja: la cour des cyprès</p> + +<p>Cartuja: Il cortile del cipressi</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_68" id="page_68">{68}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_066"> +<a href="images/ill_066.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_066.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Ecija</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>Staircase in the Marquis of Peñaflor’s Palace</p> + +<p>Escalera en el palacio del Marqués de Peñaflor</p> + +<p>Treppenaufgang im Palast des Marqués de Peñaflor</p> + +<p>Cage d’escalier au palais du marquis de Peñaflor</p> + +<p>Scala nel palazzo del Marchese de Peñaflor</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_69" id="page_69">{69}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_067"> +<a href="images/ill_067.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_067.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Ecija</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>Court In the Marquis of Peñaflor’s Palace</p> + +<p>Patio en el palacio del Marqués de Peñaflor</p> + +<p>Hof im Palast des Marqués de Peñaflor</p> + +<p>Cour Intérieure du palais du marquis de Peñaflor</p> + +<p>La Corte nell palazzo del Marchese de Peñaflor</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_70" id="page_70">{70}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_068"> +<a href="images/ill_068.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_068.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Carmona—Castillo</p> +</div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_71" id="page_71">{71}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_069"> +<a href="images/ill_069.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_069.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Alcala de Guadaira—Castillo</p> +</div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_72" id="page_72">{72}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_070"> +<a href="images/ill_070.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_070.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Arcos de la Frontera</p> +</div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_73" id="page_73">{73}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_071"> +<a href="images/ill_071.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_071.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">El Chorro</p> +</div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_74" id="page_74">{74}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_072"> +<a href="images/ill_072.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_072.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Martos</p> +</div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_75" id="page_75">{75}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_073"> +<a href="images/ill_073.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_073.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Martos</p> +</div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_76" id="page_76">{76}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_074"> +<a href="images/ill_074.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_074.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Algatocin</p> +</div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_77" id="page_77">{77}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_075"> +<a href="images/ill_075.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_075.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Güejar-Sierra (Sierra Nevada)</p> +</div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_78" id="page_78">{78}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_076"> +<a href="images/ill_076.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_076.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">In a Wayside Inn (Sierra Nevada)</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>En una posada (Sierra Nevada)</p> + +<p>In einer Wegschenke (Sierra Nevada)</p> + +<p>Intérieure d’une posada (auberge) da la Sierra Nevada</p> + +<p>In una trattoria. Sierra Nevada</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_79" id="page_79">{79}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_077"> +<a href="images/ill_077.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_077.jpg" +width="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">In the Sierra Nevada (Holm Oak)</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>En la Sierra Nevada</p> + +<p>In der Sierra Nevada (Steineichen)</p> + +<p>Chênes rouvres dans la Sierra Nevada</p> + +<p>Nella Sierra Nevada. Lecci</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_80" id="page_80">{80}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_078"> +<a href="images/ill_078.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_078.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Niebla</p> +</div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_81" id="page_81">{81}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_079"> +<a href="images/ill_079.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_079.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Niebla</p> +</div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_82" id="page_82">{82}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_080"> +<a href="images/ill_080.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_080.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Zafra</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>Court in St. Miguel’s Hospital</p> + +<p>Patio en el hospital de S. Miguel</p> + +<p>Hof im Hospital S. Miguel</p> + +<p>Cour de l’hopital Saint-Michel</p> + +<p>Ospedale di S. Michele. Il cortile</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_83" id="page_83">{83}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_081"> +<a href="images/ill_081.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_081.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Cáceres.</p> +</div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_84" id="page_84">{84}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_082"> +<a href="images/ill_082.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_082.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Cáceres</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>Water-Carriers</p> + +<p>Mujeres con jarros de agua</p> + +<p>Wasserträgerinnen</p> + +<p>Porteuses d’eau</p> + +<p>Portatrici d’acqua</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_85" id="page_85">{85}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_083"> +<a href="images/ill_083.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_083.jpg" +width="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Trujillo</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>Chief Square</p> + +<p>Plaza mayor</p> + +<p>Hauptplatz</p> + +<p>La grande place</p> + +<p>La piazza principale</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_86" id="page_86">{86}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_084"> +<a href="images/ill_084.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_084.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Trujillo</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>Santiago Gate</p> + +<p>Puerta de Santiago</p> + +<p>Santiagotor</p> + +<p>La porte Saint-Jacques</p> + +<p>La porta di Santiago</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_87" id="page_87">{87}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_085"> +<a href="images/ill_085.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_085.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Trujillo</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>Old Town-Gate</p> + +<p>Puerta antigua</p> + +<p>Altes Stadttor</p> + +<p>Vieille porte d’entrée</p> + +<p>Un’antica porta della città</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_88" id="page_88">{88}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_086"> +<a href="images/ill_086.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_086.jpg" +width="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Village in South Estremadura</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>Aldehuela en el sur de Estremadura</p> + +<p>Dorf in Süd-Estremadura</p> + +<p>Un village de l’Estremadura méridionale</p> + +<p>Villagio di capanne nell’ Estremadura meridionale</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_89" id="page_89">{89}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_087"> +<a href="images/ill_087.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_087.jpg" +width="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Inn (South Estremadura)</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>Venta (en el sur de Estremadura)</p> + +<p>Schenke (Süd-Estremadura)</p> + +<p>Une buvette dans l’Estremadure méridionale</p> + +<p>Osteria (Estremadura meridionale)</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_90" id="page_90">{90}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_088"> +<a href="images/ill_088.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_088.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Moorish women of Christian persuasion who still wear the +veil in Mochagar-Vejer</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>Mujer en Mochagar-Vejer llevando la cara tapada como las marroquínas</p> + +<p>Eine der noch heut maurisch verschleiert gehenden Christenfrauen in +Mochagar-Vejer</p> + +<p>Une des femmes chrétiennes qui vont encore voilées aujourd’hui comme au +temps des Maures d’Espagne</p> + +<p>Una donna cristiana che va ancor oggi velata all’uso marocchino</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_91" id="page_91">{91}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_089"> +<a href="images/ill_089.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_089.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Mochagar</p> +</div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_92" id="page_92">{92}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_090"> +<a href="images/ill_090.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_090.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Cave Dwellings (Province of Almeria) None of the caves +shown in this book are prehistoric. They are still excavated and +inhabited</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>Cuevas en las rocas (Prov. de Almería)</p> + +<p>Höhlenfels (Prov. Almeria) Alle in diesem Werk wiedergegebenen Höhlen +sind nicht vorgeschichtlich; sie werden noch jetzt gegraben und bewohnt</p> + +<p>Cavernes dans le roc. (Province d’Almeria) Toutes ces cavernes ne sont +pas des formations préhistoriques; on en creuse maintenant encore pour +les habiter.</p> + +<p>Caverne nella roccia (Provincia d’Almeria) Tutte le caverne riprodotte +in quest’opera non sono di formazione preistorica, ma si contina a +scavarle anche al giorno d’oggi</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_93" id="page_93">{93}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_091"> +<a href="images/ill_091.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_091.jpg" +width="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Cave Dwellings (Province of Almeria)</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>Cuevas en las rocas (Prov. de Almería)</p> + +<p>Höhlenfels (Prov. Almeria)</p> + +<p>Cavernes dans le roc (Province d’Almeria)</p> + +<p>Caverne nella roccia (Provincia d’Almeria)</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_94" id="page_94">{94}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_092"> +<a href="images/ill_092.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_092.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Cave Dwellings (Province of Almeria)</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>Cuevas en las rocas (Prov. de Almería)</p> + +<p>Höhlenfels (Prov. Almeria)</p> + +<p>Cavernes dans le roc (Province d’Almeria)</p> + +<p>Caverne nella roccia (Provincia d’Almeria)</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_95" id="page_95">{95}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_093"> +<a href="images/ill_093.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_093.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Cave Dwellings (Province of Almeria)</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>Cuevas en las rocas (Prov. de Almería)</p> + +<p>Höhlenfels (Prov. Almeria)</p> + +<p>Cavernes dans le roc (Province d’Almeria)</p> + +<p>Caverne nella roccia (Provincia d’Almeria)</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_96" id="page_96">{96}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_094"> +<a href="images/ill_094.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_094.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Cave Town (Sierra de Guadix) The chimneys of the +dwellings are seen projecting out of the rocks</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>Población de cuevas (Sierra de Guadix) Se ven las chimeneas de las +cuevas, saliendo de tierra</p> + +<p>Höhlenstadt (Sierra de Guadix) Aus der Erde ragen die Schornsteine der +Wohnhäuser hervor</p> + +<p>Une ville souterraine (Sierra de Guadix) On ne voit surgir de terre que +les cheminées des habitations</p> + +<p>Una città di caverne (Sierra de Guadix) Si vedono sorgere dal suolo i +camini delle caverne</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_97" id="page_97">{97}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_095"> +<a href="images/ill_095.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_095.jpg" +width="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Cave Town (Sierra de Guadix)</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>Población de Cuevas (Sierra de Guadix)</p> + +<p>Höhlenstadt (Sierra de Guadix)</p> + +<p>Habitations souterraines (Sierra de Guadix)</p> + +<p>(Sierra de Guadix) Città di caverne</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_98" id="page_98">{98}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_096"> +<a href="images/ill_096.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_096.jpg" +width="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Cave Town (Sierra de Guadix)</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>Población de Cuevas (Sierra de Guadix)</p> + +<p>Höhlenstadt (Sierra de Guadix)</p> + +<p>Habitations souterraines (Sierra de Guadix)</p> + +<p>Città di caverne (Sierra de Guadix)</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_99" id="page_99">{99}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_097"> +<a href="images/ill_097.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_097.jpg" +width="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Cave Town (Sierra de Guadix)</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>Población de Cuevas (Sierra de Guadix)</p> + +<p>Höhlenstadt (Sierra de Guadix)</p> + +<p>Habitations souterraines (Sierra de Guadix)</p> + +<p>Città di caverne (Sierra de Guadix)</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_100" id="page_100">{100}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_098"> +<a href="images/ill_098.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_098.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Guadix</p> +</div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_101" id="page_101">{101}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_099"> +<a href="images/ill_099.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_099.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">In the Palm Forest of Elche</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>Las palmeras de Elche</p> + +<p>Im Palmenwald von Elche</p> + +<p>Elche: au milieu des palmiers</p> + +<p>Il palmizio di Elche</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_102" id="page_102">{102}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_100"> +<a href="images/ill_100.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_100.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">In the Palm Forest of Elche (A date-picker in the +tree-top)</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>Las palmeras de Elche</p> + +<p>Im Palmenwald von Elche (Im Baumwipfel ein Dattelpflücker)</p> + +<p>Elche: la récolte des dattes. (L’homme grimpé au sommet du palmier en +détachera les régimes de fruits)</p> + +<p>Nel palmizio di Elche (Sulla palma un uomo che coglie datteri)</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_103" id="page_103">{103}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_101"> +<a href="images/ill_101.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_101.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Elche</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>Evening in the Palm Forest</p> + +<p>Caia la tarde</p> + +<p>Abend im Palmenhain</p> + +<p>Effet de soir</p> + +<p>Il tramonto nel palmizio</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_104" id="page_104">{104}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_102"> +<a href="images/ill_102.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_102.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Orihuela</p> +</div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_105" id="page_105">{105}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_103"> +<a href="images/ill_103.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_103.jpg" +width="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Orihuela</p> +</div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_106" id="page_106">{106}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_104"> +<a href="images/ill_104.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_104.jpg" +width="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Orihuela</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>Huerta Hut</p> + +<p>Barraca de la huerta</p> + +<p>Huertahütte</p> + +<p>Barraque de la Huerta</p> + +<p>Capanna</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_107" id="page_107">{107}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_105"> +<a href="images/ill_105.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_105.jpg" +width="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Near Orihuela</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>Cercanias de Orihuela</p> + +<p>Bei Orihuela</p> + +<p>Environs d’Orihuela</p> + +<p>Presso Orihuela</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_108" id="page_108">{108}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_106"> +<a href="images/ill_106.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_106.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Javea (Denia)</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>Church of Calvary</p> + +<p>Iglesia del calvario</p> + +<p>Kalvarienbergkirchlein</p> + +<p>L’église du calvaire</p> + +<p>La chiesetta del Calvario</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_109" id="page_109">{109}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_107"> +<a href="images/ill_107.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_107.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Gateway to the Mount of Calvary, Sagunt</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>Puerta del calvario de Sagunto</p> + +<p>Tor zum Kalvarienberg bei Sagunt</p> + +<p>Environ de Sagoute: Accès et entrée du Calvaire</p> + +<p>La porta del Calvario presso Sagunto</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_110" id="page_110">{110}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_108"> +<a href="images/ill_108.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_108.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Sagunto, Roman Castle</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>Sagunto, Castillo romano</p> + +<p>Sagunt, Römische Burg</p> + +<p>La citadelle romaine</p> + +<p>Castello romano</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_111" id="page_111">{111}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_109"> +<a href="images/ill_109.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_109.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Jativa</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>Castle</p> + +<p>Castillo</p> + +<p>Burg</p> + +<p>Le Château-fort</p> + +<p>Castello</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_112" id="page_112">{112}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_110"> +<a href="images/ill_110.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_110.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Jativa</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>View of the Castle</p> + +<p>Vista del Castillo</p> + +<p>Blick zur Burg</p> + +<p>Vue sur le Château-fort</p> + +<p>Veduta del Castello</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_113" id="page_113">{113}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_111"> +<a href="images/ill_111.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_111.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Jativa</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>On Mount Calvary</p> + +<p>El Calvario</p> + +<p>Am Kalvarienberg</p> + +<p>Le Calvaire</p> + +<p>Il Calvario</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_114" id="page_114">{114}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_112"> +<a href="images/ill_112.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_112.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Valencia</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>Gateway of the Marquis de Dos Aguas Palace</p> + +<p>Portada del Palacio del Marqués de Dos Aguas</p> + +<p>Portal des Palastes des Marqés de Dos Aguas</p> + +<p>Portail du palais du marquis de Dos Aguas</p> + +<p>Portale del Palazzo del Marchese de Dos Aguas</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_115" id="page_115">{115}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_113"> +<a href="images/ill_113.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_113.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Andújar</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>Grille</p> + +<p>Reja</p> + +<p>Fenstergitter</p> + +<p>Fenêtre grillée</p> + +<p>Una finestra con grata</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_116" id="page_116">{116}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_114"> +<a href="images/ill_114.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_114.jpg" +width="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Huts on the banks of the Albufera near Valencia</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>Barracas de La Albufera cerca de Valencia</p> + +<p>Albuferahütten bei Valencia</p> + +<p>Environs de Valence: Cabanes de l’Albufera</p> + +<p>Capanne di Albufera presso Valenza</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_117" id="page_117">{117}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_115"> +<a href="images/ill_115.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_115.jpg" +width="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Huerta Huts near Valencia</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>Barracas de la Huerta de Valencia</p> + +<p>Huertahütten bei Valencia</p> + +<p>Maisons de paysans de la Huerta</p> + +<p>Capanne di Huerta presso Valenza</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_118" id="page_118">{118}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_116"> +<a href="images/ill_116.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_116.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Guadalest Castle (Prov. of Alicante)</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>Castillo Guadalest (Prov. de Alicante)</p> + +<p>Castillo Guadalest (Prov. Alicante)</p> + +<p>Château de Guadalest (Province d’Alicante)</p> + +<p>Castello di Guadalest (Provincia di Alicante)</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_119" id="page_119">{119}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_117"> +<a href="images/ill_117.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_117.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Monte Agudo (Prov. de Murcia)</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>Mount Agudo (Prov. of Murcia)</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_120" id="page_120">{120}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_118"> +<a href="images/ill_118.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_118.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Cuenca</p> +</div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_121" id="page_121">{121}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_119"> +<a href="images/ill_119.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_119.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Cuenca</p> +</div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_122" id="page_122">{122}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_120"> +<a href="images/ill_120.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_120.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">The Jerez mantilla</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>Con la mantilla jerezana</p> + +<p>Im Schmuck der Mantilla von Jerez</p> + +<p>Sous la mantille (Femme de Jerez)</p> + +<p>Mantiglia jerezana</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_123" id="page_123">{123}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_121"> +<a href="images/ill_121.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_121.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">With the mantilla</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>Con la mantilla</p> + +<p>Im Schmuck der Spitzenmantilla (als Hintergrund die Manton)</p> + +<p>En mantille de dentelle</p> + +<p>Mantiglia a merletti</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_124" id="page_124">{124}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_122"> +<a href="images/ill_122.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_122.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">La Argentinita, Spain’s most celebrated dancer wearing +the Manton (shawl)</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>La Argentinita</p> + +<p>Argentinita, Spaniens berühmteste Tänzerin im Schmuck der Manton +(Schultertuch)</p> + +<p>La Argentinita, la plus célèbre danseuse de l’Espagne avec la mante +espagnole sur les épaules</p> + +<p>Argentinita, la più celebre ballerina della Spagna, con sulle spalle il +caratteristico Manton spagnole</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_125" id="page_125">{125}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_123"> +<a href="images/ill_123.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_123.jpg" +width="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Entrance of the bull-fighters into the Madrid Arena</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>El despejo en la plaza de toros de Madrid</p> + +<p>Einzug der Stierkämfer in die Arena von Madrid</p> + +<p>Entrée du cortège dans l’arène avant la corrida (Madrid)</p> + +<p>Ingresso del toreadori nell’Arena di Madrid</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_126" id="page_126">{126}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_124"> +<a href="images/ill_124.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_124.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Madrid</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>The Throne-Room in the Royal Castle</p> + +<p>Sala del Trono en el Palacio Real</p> + +<p>Thronsaal des Königlichen Schlosses</p> + +<p>La salle du trône au Château royal</p> + +<p>La Sala del Trono nel Palazzo Reale</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_127" id="page_127">{127}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_125"> +<a href="images/ill_125.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_125.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">In the Royal Castle El Pardo near Madrid</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>En el Pardo</p> + +<p>Im Königlichen Schloß El Pardo bei Madrid</p> + +<p>Une salle du château royal d’el Pardo près de Madrid</p> + +<p>Nel Palazzo Reale El Pardo, presso Madrid</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_128" id="page_128">{128}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_126"> +<a href="images/ill_126.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_126.jpg" +width="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Madrid</p> +</div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_129" id="page_129">{129}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_127"> +<a href="images/ill_127.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_127.jpg" +width="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Escorial</p> +</div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_130" id="page_130">{130}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_128"> +<a href="images/ill_128.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_128.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Escorial</p> +</div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_131" id="page_131">{131}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_129"> +<a href="images/ill_129.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_129.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Escorial</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>Court of the Evangelists</p> + +<p>Patio de los Evangelistas</p> + +<p>Evangelistenhof</p> + +<p>Cour des evangelistes</p> + +<p>La corte degli evangelisti</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_132" id="page_132">{132}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_130"> +<a href="images/ill_130.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_130.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Escorial</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>Throne-Room</p> + +<p>Sala del Trono</p> + +<p>Thronsaal</p> + +<p>La salle du trône</p> + +<p>La sala del Trono</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_133" id="page_133">{133}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_131"> +<a href="images/ill_131.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_131.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Escorial</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>The Library</p> + +<p>La biblioteca</p> + +<p>Die Bibliothek</p> + +<p>La Bibliothèque</p> + +<p>La Biblioteca</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_134" id="page_134">{134}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_132"> +<a href="images/ill_132.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_132.jpg" +width="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">In the Escorial Palace: on the walls tapestries after +Goya’s paintings</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>Palacio del Escorial</p> + +<p>Im Palast des Escorial: an den Wänden Gobelins nach Goyaschen Gemälden</p> + +<p>Le Château de l’Escurial. Tapisseries des Gobelins d’après des peintures +de Goya</p> + +<p>Nel Palazzo dell’Escorial. Alle pareti tappeti Gobelins con riproduzione +delle pitture di Goya</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_135" id="page_135">{135}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_133"> +<a href="images/ill_133.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_133.jpg" +width="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Escorial</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>Philip II. Study</p> + +<p>Despacho de Felipe II</p> + +<p>Arbeitszimmer Philips II</p> + +<p>Cabinet de travail de Philippe II</p> + +<p>Gabinetto da lavoro di Filippo II</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_136" id="page_136">{136}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_134"> +<a href="images/ill_134.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_134.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Aranjuez—Casa de Labrador</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>The Platinum Hall</p> + +<p>Sala de Platino</p> + +<p>Platinsaal</p> + +<p>Maison de Labrador. La salle de platine</p> + +<p>Casa de Labrador. Sala del platino</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_137" id="page_137">{137}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_135"> +<a href="images/ill_135.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_135.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Aranjuez</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>In the Casa de Labrador</p> + +<p>En la Casa de Labrador</p> + +<p>In der Casa de Labrador</p> + +<p>Intérieur de la maison de Labrador</p> + +<p>Nella Casa de Labrador</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_138" id="page_138">{138}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_136"> +<a href="images/ill_136.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_136.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Aranjuez</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>The Palace Garden</p> + +<p>Jardín del Palacio</p> + +<p>Schloßgarten</p> + +<p>Le jardin du palais</p> + +<p>Giardino del Palazzo</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_139" id="page_139">{139}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_137"> +<a href="images/ill_137.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_137.jpg" +width="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Toledo</p> +</div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_140" id="page_140">{140}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_138"> +<a href="images/ill_138.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_138.jpg" +width="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Toledo</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>Tajo Valley and St. Martin Bridge</p> + +<p>Valle del Tajo y puente de S. Martin</p> + +<p>Tajotal und San Martinbrücke</p> + +<p>La vallée du Tage et le pont St. Martin</p> + +<p>La valle del Tajo dal ponte di S. Martino</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_141" id="page_141">{141}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_139"> +<a href="images/ill_139.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_139.jpg" +width="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Toledo</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>Alcantara Bridge and St. Servando Castle</p> + +<p>Puente Alcantara y Castillo S. Servando</p> + +<p>Alcantarabrücke und Castillo S. Servando</p> + +<p>Pont d’Alcantara, et château de St. Servando</p> + +<p>Il Ponte d’Alcantara e il Castello di S. Servando</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_142" id="page_142">{142}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_140"> +<a href="images/ill_140.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_140.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Toledo</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>Alcantara Bridge with the Alcazar in the background</p> + +<p>Puente Alcantara en el fondo el Alcazar</p> + +<p>Alcantarabrücke, überragt vom Alcazar</p> + +<p>Le Pont d’Alcantara, dominé par l’Alcazar</p> + +<p>Il Ponte Alcantara e in alto, in fondo, Alcazar</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_143" id="page_143">{143}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_141"> +<a href="images/ill_141.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_141.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Toledo</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>View through the gateway of the Alcantara Bridge</p> + +<p>Vista tomada desde la puerta del puente Alcantara</p> + +<p>Blick durch das Brückentor der Alcantarabrücke</p> + +<p>Vue de la porte d’entrée du pont d’Alcantara</p> + +<p>Veduta del Ponte d’Alcantare dal Portone del Ponte stesso</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_144" id="page_144">{144}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_142"> +<a href="images/ill_142.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_142.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Toledo</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>Staircase in St. Cruz Hospital</p> + +<p>Escalera del hospital de Sta. Cruz</p> + +<p>Treppe des Hospitals Sta. Cruz</p> + +<p>Escalier de l’hôpital Santa-Cruz</p> + +<p>Scala dell’ospedale di Santa Cruz</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_145" id="page_145">{145}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_143"> +<a href="images/ill_143.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_143.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Toledo</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>In the court of the Casa Greco</p> + +<p>En el patio de la Casa del Greco</p> + +<p>Im Hof des Grecohauses</p> + +<p>Cour de la maison du Grec</p> + +<p>Cortile della Casa del Greco</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_146" id="page_146">{146}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_144"> +<a href="images/ill_144.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_144.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Toledo</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>Cloister of St. Juan de los reyes</p> + +<p>Claustro de S. Juan de los reyes</p> + +<p>S. Juan de los reyes, Kreuzgang</p> + +<p>Cloître de St. Jean de los reyes</p> + +<p>Loggiato del Chiostro di S. Juan de los reyes</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_147" id="page_147">{147}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_145"> +<a href="images/ill_145.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_145.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Toledo</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>Cathedral Spire</p> + +<p>Torre de la Catedral</p> + +<p>Turm der Kathedrale</p> + +<p>Tour de la Cathédrale</p> + +<p>Il campanile della Cattedrale</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_148" id="page_148">{148}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_146"> +<a href="images/ill_146.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_146.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Toledo</p> +</div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_149" id="page_149">{149}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_147"> +<a href="images/ill_147.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_147.jpg" +width="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Ox-cart</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>Carro de bueyes</p> + +<p>Ochsenkarren</p> + +<p>Chariot attelé de boeufs</p> + +<p>Carro tirato da buol</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_150" id="page_150">{150}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_148"> +<a href="images/ill_148.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_148.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Lagartera Costume (Prov. of Toledo)</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>Traje de Lagartera (Prov. de Toledo)</p> + +<p>Tracht von Lagartera (Prov. Toledo)</p> + +<p>Jeune femme de Lagartera (Province de Tolède)</p> + +<p>Costume di Lagartera (Prov. di Toledo)</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_151" id="page_151">{151}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_149"> +<a href="images/ill_149.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_149.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Lagartera Wedding Dress (Prov. of Toledo)</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>Traje de boda de Lagartera (Prov. de Toledo)</p> + +<p>Hochzeitstracht von Lagartera (Prov. Toledo)</p> + +<p>Une noce à Lagartera (Province de Tolède) Les maries</p> + +<p>Veste nuziale di Lagartera (Prov. di Toledo)</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_152" id="page_152">{152}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_150"> +<a href="images/ill_150.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_150.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Forest Chapel</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>Capilla en el bosque</p> + +<p>Waldkapelle</p> + +<p>Calvaire et chapelle champêtres</p> + +<p>Cappella silvestre</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_153" id="page_153">{153}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_151"> +<a href="images/ill_151.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_151.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Ruins of the Cloister in Yuste Convent</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>Ruinas del Claustro de Yuste</p> + +<p>Ruinen des Kreuzganges im Kloster Yuste</p> + +<p>Ruines du monastère de Yuste</p> + +<p>Rovine nel Chiostro di Yuste</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_154" id="page_154">{154}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_152"> +<a href="images/ill_152.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_152.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Aldeanueva de la Vera</p> +</div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_155" id="page_155">{155}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_153"> +<a href="images/ill_153.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_153.jpg" +width="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">In the village-square of Cepeda before the bull-fight</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>Antes de la novillada en la plaza de la aldea da Cepeda</p> + +<p>Vor dem Stierkampf auf dem Dorfplatz von Cepeda</p> + +<p>Avant le combat de taureaux sur la place de Cepeda</p> + +<p>Prima della Corrida di tori nella piazza del villaggio di Cepeda</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_156" id="page_156">{156}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_154"> +<a href="images/ill_154.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_154.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Segovian shepherd</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>Pastor segoviano</p> + +<p>Segovianischer Hirt</p> + +<p>Un berger ségovien</p> + +<p>Pastore segoviano</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_157" id="page_157">{157}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_155"> +<a href="images/ill_155.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_155.jpg" +width="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Segovia</p> +</div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_158" id="page_158">{158}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_156"> +<a href="images/ill_156.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_156.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Segovia</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>The Cathedral</p> + +<p>La Catedral</p> + +<p>Kathedrale</p> + +<p>La Cathédrale</p> + +<p>La Cattedrale</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_159" id="page_159">{159}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_157"> +<a href="images/ill_157.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_157.jpg" +width="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Segovia</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>The Roman Aqueduct</p> + +<p>El acueducto romano</p> + +<p>Römischer Aquädukt</p> + +<p>L’aqueduc romain</p> + +<p>Acquedotti romani</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_160" id="page_160">{160}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_158"> +<a href="images/ill_158.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_158.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Segovianian peasant. In the background the Segovia +Alcázar</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>Aldeano segoviano, en el fondo el Alcázar de Segovia</p> + +<p>Segovianischer Bauer, im Hintergrund der Alcazar von Segovia</p> + +<p>Un paysan ségovien. A l’arrière-plan: l’Alcazar de Ségovia</p> + +<p>Contadino segoviano, e, in fondo, l’Alcazar di Segovia</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_161" id="page_161">{161}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_159"> +<a href="images/ill_159.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_159.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Segovia—Alcázar</p> +</div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_162" id="page_162">{162}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_160"> +<a href="images/ill_160.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_160.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Segovia, Casa de los Picos</p> +</div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_163" id="page_163">{163}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_161"> +<a href="images/ill_161.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_161.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Segovia</p> +</div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_164" id="page_164">{164}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_162"> +<a href="images/ill_162.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_162.jpg" +width="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Mount of Calvary near Segovia</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>Calvario de Segovia</p> + +<p>Kalvarienberg bei Segovia</p> + +<p>La Calvaire de Ségovie</p> + +<p>Il Calvario di Segovia</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_165" id="page_165">{165}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_163"> +<a href="images/ill_163.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_163.jpg" +width="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">“My God, how lonely, are the dead” (Becquer)</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>“Dios mio, que solos se quedan los muertos” (Becquer)</p> + +<p>“Mein Gott, wie einsam bleiben doch die Toten” (Becquer)</p> + +<p>“Mon Dieu, combien est grande la solitude des morts”! (Becquer)</p> + +<p>“Dio mio, in che abbandono riposano i morti”! (Becquer)</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_166" id="page_166">{166}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_164"> +<a href="images/ill_164.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_164.jpg" +width="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Avila</p> +</div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_167" id="page_167">{167}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_165"> +<a href="images/ill_165.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_165.jpg" +width="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Avila</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>The Town Wall</p> + +<p>La muralla</p> + +<p>Stadtmauer</p> + +<p>Les murailles de la ville</p> + +<p>La mura della città</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_168" id="page_168">{168}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_166"> +<a href="images/ill_166.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_166.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Avila</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>St. Vincent Gate</p> + +<p>Puerta de S. Vicente</p> + +<p>Stadttor S. Vicente</p> + +<p>La Porte Saint-Vincent</p> + +<p>La porta di S. Vicente</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_169" id="page_169">{169}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_167"> +<a href="images/ill_167.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_167.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Avila</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>The Cathedral apse. The strongest fortified tower of the town with +sheltered passages and machicolations</p> + +<p>Apside de la Catedral como torre mas fuerte de defensa con +circunvalación</p> + +<p>Apsis der Kathedrale als stärkster Verteidigungsturm der Stadtmauer mit +Wehrgang und Pechnasen</p> + +<p>Abside de la cathédrale servant de principale tour de défense, avec +chemin de ronde et mâchicoulis</p> + +<p>L’Abside della Cattedrale serve di potente torre di difesa, munita di +cammino di ronda</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_170" id="page_170">{170}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_168"> +<a href="images/ill_168.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_168.jpg" +width="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Turrégano, Castillo</p> +</div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_171" id="page_171">{171}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_169"> +<a href="images/ill_169.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_169.jpg" +width="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Turrégano, Castillo</p> +</div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_172" id="page_172">{172}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_170"> +<a href="images/ill_170.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_170.jpg" +width="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Sepúlveda</p> +</div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_173" id="page_173">{173}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_171"> +<a href="images/ill_171.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_171.jpg" +width="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Sepúlveda</p> +</div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_174" id="page_174">{174}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_172"> +<a href="images/ill_172.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_172.jpg" +width="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Bull-fight in the market-place of Sepúlveda</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>Becerrada en la plaza mayor de Sepúlveda</p> + +<p>Stierkampfspiel auf dem Marktplatz von Sepúlveda</p> + +<p>Combat de taureaux sur la place du marché, à Sepúlveda</p> + +<p>Giuochi di corrida nella piazza del Mercato di Sepúlveda</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_175" id="page_175">{175}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_173"> +<a href="images/ill_173.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_173.jpg" +width="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Bull-fight in the market-place of Sepúlveda. (The matador +is about to give the final thrust)</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>Novillada en la plaza mayor de Sepúlveda.</p> + +<p>Stierkampf auf dem Marktplatz von Sepúlveda. (Der Stierkämpfer im +Begriff, den Todesstoß zu tun)</p> + +<p>Combat de taureaux sur la place du marché, à Sepúlveda. (Le matador va +porter le coup de mort à l’animal)</p> + +<p>Corrida nella Piazza del Mercato di Sepúlveda. (Il Toreador nell’atto di +vibrare il colpo mortale)</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_176" id="page_176">{176}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_174"> +<a href="images/ill_174.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_174.jpg" +width="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Medinaceli</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>The Market</p> + +<p>Plaza mayor</p> + +<p>Marktplatz</p> + +<p>La place du marché</p> + +<p>La Piazza del Mercato</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_177" id="page_177">{177}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_175"> +<a href="images/ill_175.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_175.jpg" +width="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Medinaceli, Capilla Humilladero</p> +</div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_178" id="page_178">{178}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_176"> +<a href="images/ill_176.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_176.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Guadalajara</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>Palace of the Infantado</p> + +<p>Palacio del Infantado</p> + +<p>Palast del Infantado</p> + +<p>Palais de l’Infante</p> + +<p>Palazzo del Infantado</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_179" id="page_179">{179}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_177"> +<a href="images/ill_177.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_177.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Guadalajara-Palacio del Infantado</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>Entrance-Hall and view of the Court</p> + +<p>Entrada y vista del patio</p> + +<p>Eintrittshalle und Blick in den Hof</p> + +<p>Vestibule d’entrée et vue dans la cour</p> + +<p>Ingresso e veduta della corte</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_180" id="page_180">{180}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_178"> +<a href="images/ill_178.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_178.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Guadalajara</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>In the court of the Palace of the Infantado</p> + +<p>En el patio del palacio del Infantado</p> + +<p>Im Hof des Palastes del Infantado</p> + +<p>Cour du palais de l’Infante</p> + +<p>Nella corte del palazzo dell’ Infantado</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_181" id="page_181">{181}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_179"> +<a href="images/ill_179.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_179.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Guadalajara</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>In the court of the Palace of the Infantado</p> + +<p>En el patio del palacio del Infantado</p> + +<p>Im Hof des Palastes del Infantado</p> + +<p>Cour du palais de l’Infante</p> + +<p>Nella corte del palazzo dell’ Infantado</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_182" id="page_182">{182}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_180"> +<a href="images/ill_180.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_180.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Castillo Peñafiel</p> +</div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_183" id="page_183">{183}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_181"> +<a href="images/ill_181.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_181.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Castillo Mombeltran</p> +</div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_184" id="page_184">{184}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_182"> +<a href="images/ill_182.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_182.jpg" +width="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Castillo Coca</p> +</div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_185" id="page_185">{185}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_183"> +<a href="images/ill_183.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_183.jpg" +width="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Castillo Coca</p> +</div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_186" id="page_186">{186}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_184"> +<a href="images/ill_184.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_184.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Castillo Coca</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>Gate and Watch Tower</p> + +<p>Puerta y torre del homenaje</p> + +<p>Eingangstor und Wartturm</p> + +<p>Porte d’entrée et donjon</p> + +<p>Porta d’ingresso e torre</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_187" id="page_187">{187}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_185"> +<a href="images/ill_185.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_185.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Coca</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>Old Town Gate</p> + +<p>Puerta antigua de la ciudad</p> + +<p>Altes Stadttor</p> + +<p>Ancienne porte de la ville</p> + +<p>Vecchia porta della città</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_188" id="page_188">{188}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_186"> +<a href="images/ill_186.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_186.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Sigüenza</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>Castle Gate</p> + +<p>Puerta del castillo</p> + +<p>Burgtor</p> + +<p>Porte du vieux château-fort</p> + +<p>Porta del Castello</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_189" id="page_189">{189}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_187"> +<a href="images/ill_187.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_187.jpg" +width="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Sigüenza</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>Great-Square</p> + +<p>Plaza mayor</p> + +<p>Hauptplatz</p> + +<p>La grande place</p> + +<p>Piazza principale</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_190" id="page_190">{190}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_188"> +<a href="images/ill_188.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_188.jpg" +width="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Sigüenza</p> +</div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_191" id="page_191">{191}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_189"> +<a href="images/ill_189.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_189.jpg" +width="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Jérica</p> +</div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_192" id="page_192">{192}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_190"> +<a href="images/ill_190.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_190.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Albarracín</p> +</div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_193" id="page_193">{193}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_191"> +<a href="images/ill_191.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_191.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Albarracín</p> +</div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_194" id="page_194">{194}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_192"> +<a href="images/ill_192.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_192.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Albarracín</p> +</div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_195" id="page_195">{195}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_193"> +<a href="images/ill_193.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_193.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Daroca</p> +</div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_196" id="page_196">{196}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_194"> +<a href="images/ill_194.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_194.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">City Gate</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>Puerta de la ciudad</p> + +<p>Stadttor</p> + +<p>Porte de la ville</p> + +<p>Porta della città</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_197" id="page_197">{197}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_195"> +<a href="images/ill_195.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_195.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Daroca</p> +</div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_198" id="page_198">{198}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_196"> +<a href="images/ill_196.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_196.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Tarragona</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>St. Tecia Gate</p> + +<p>Puerta de Sta. Tecia</p> + +<p>Tor der Santa Tecia</p> + +<p>Porte de Sainte Tecia</p> + +<p>Porta di Santa Tecia</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_199" id="page_199">{199}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_197"> +<a href="images/ill_197.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_197.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Tarragona</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>Cathedral Cloisters</p> + +<p>Claustro de la Catedral</p> + +<p>Kreuzgang der Kathedrale</p> + +<p>Cloître de la cathédrale</p> + +<p>Navata della Cattedrale</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_200" id="page_200">{200}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_198"> +<a href="images/ill_198.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_198.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Barcelona</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>Stairway In the Court of the Damases House</p> + +<p>Escalera en el patio de la casa de Damases</p> + +<p>Treppe im Hof des Hauses Damases</p> + +<p>Escalier dans la cour de la maison Damases</p> + +<p>Scala nel cortile del Palazzo Damases</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_201" id="page_201">{201}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_199"> +<a href="images/ill_199.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_199.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">The Montserrat. Monistrol at the foot</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>El Montserrat. En primer termino Monistrol</p> + +<p>Der Montserrat, im Vordergrund Monistrol</p> + +<p>Le Montserrat, avec Monistrol au premier plan</p> + +<p>Il Montserrat. Sul davanti Monistrol</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_202" id="page_202">{202}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_200"> +<a href="images/ill_200.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_200.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Gerona</p> +</div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_203" id="page_203">{203}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_201"> +<a href="images/ill_201.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_201.jpg" +width="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Gerona</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>Steps of St. Domingo</p> + +<p>Escalera de Sto. Domingo</p> + +<p>Treppe von S. Domingo</p> + +<p>Escalier de Saint Domingue</p> + +<p>La scala di S. Domingo</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_204" id="page_204">{204}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_202"> +<a href="images/ill_202.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_202.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Castellfullit (Cataluña)</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>The town is built on basalt columns</p> + +<p>El pueblo se levanta sobre columnas de basalto</p> + +<p>Der Ort ist auf Säulenbasalt erbaut</p> + +<p>La petite ville est bâtie sur des roches de basalte</p> + +<p>Il Paese e stato costruito su colonne di basalto</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_205" id="page_205">{205}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_203"> +<a href="images/ill_203.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_203.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Pyrenees, Segre Valley</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>Pirineos, Valle del Segre</p> + +<p>Pyrenäen, im Segretal</p> + +<p>La vallée de la Sègre dans les Pyrenées</p> + +<p>Valle del Segre</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_206" id="page_206">{206}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_204"> +<a href="images/ill_204.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_204.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Pyrenees, Road to Nuria</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>Pirineos, Camino de Nuria</p> + +<p>Pyrenäen, Weg nach Nuria</p> + +<p>Les Pyrenées: Route de Nuria</p> + +<p>Pirenei, Via di Nuria</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_207" id="page_207">{207}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_205"> +<a href="images/ill_205.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_205.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Pyrenees, de las Debotas Gorge (Rio Cinca)</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>Pirineos, Paso de las Debotas (Rio Cinca)</p> + +<p>Pyrenäen, Engpaß de las Debotas (Rio Cinca)</p> + +<p>Les Pyrenées: Les gorges de las Debotas (Rio Cinca)</p> + +<p>Pirenei, Passo de las Debotas (Rio Cinca)</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_208" id="page_208">{208}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_206"> +<a href="images/ill_206.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_206.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Pyrenees. Castellbó</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>Pirineos. En Castellbó</p> + +<p>Pyrenäen, in Castellbó</p> + +<p>Les Pyrenées: Castellbo</p> + +<p>Pirenei. A Castellbó</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_209" id="page_209">{209}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_207"> +<a href="images/ill_207.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_207.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Pyrenees St. Juan de Plan</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>Pirineos. S. Juan de Plan</p> + +<p>Pyrenäen. S. Juan de Plan</p> + +<p>Les Pyrenées: Saint-Jean de Plan</p> + +<p>Pirenei. S. Juan de Plan</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_210" id="page_210">{210}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_208"> +<a href="images/ill_208.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_208.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Pyrenees-Alquezar</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>Pirineos-Alquezar</p> + +<p>Pyrenäen-Alquezar</p> + +<p>Les Pyrenées: Alquezar</p> + +<p>Pirenei-Alquezar</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_211" id="page_211">{211}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_209"> +<a href="images/ill_209.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_209.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Alquezar</p> +</div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_212" id="page_212">{212}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_210"> +<a href="images/ill_210.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_210.jpg" +width="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Alquezar</p> +</div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_213" id="page_213">{213}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_211"> +<a href="images/ill_211.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_211.jpg" +width="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Pyrenees. In Bielsa</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>Pirineos. En Bielsa</p> + +<p>Pyrenäen. In Bielsa</p> + +<p>Les Pyrenées: Bielsa</p> + +<p>Pirenei. In Bielsa</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_214" id="page_214">{214}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_212"> +<a href="images/ill_212.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_212.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Pirineos. Peña Montañesa</p> +</div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_215" id="page_215">{215}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_213"> +<a href="images/ill_213.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_213.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Pyrenees. Pic du midi</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>Pirineos. Pico del Mediodia</p> + +<p>Pyrenäen. Pic du midi</p> + +<p>Les Pyrenées: Le pic du midi</p> + +<p>Pirenei. Picco del Mezzogiorno</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_216" id="page_216">{216}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_214"> +<a href="images/ill_214.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_214.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Pyrenees. Sea of Brachimaña, near Panticosa</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>Lago da Brachimaña cerca de Panticosa</p> + +<p>Pyrenäen. Brachimañasee bei Panticosa</p> + +<p>Les Pyrenées: Le lac de Brachimaña, près de Panticosa</p> + +<p>Pirenei. Lago di Brachimaña presso Panticosa</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_217" id="page_217">{217}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_215"> +<a href="images/ill_215.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_215.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">El Aneto</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>The highest summit of the Pyrenees (3404 m) in the foreground a crevasse</p> + +<p>El pico mas alto de los Pirineos (3404 m). En el primer termino un +barranco de hielo</p> + +<p>Der höchste Gipfel der Pyrenäen (3404 m) im Vordergrund eine +Gletscherspalte</p> + +<p>Le plus haut sommet des Pyrenées (3404 mètres) au premier plan une +crevasse dans le glacier</p> + +<p>La più alta vetta del Pirenei (3404 m). Sul davanti la fenditura di un +ghiacciaio</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_218" id="page_218">{218}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_216"> +<a href="images/ill_216.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_216.jpg" +width="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Pyrenees. View from the Pic de Aneto</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>Pirineos. Vista tomada desde el Pico de Aneto</p> + +<p>Pyrenäen. Blick vom Pic de Aneto</p> + +<p>Les Pyrenées: Vue prise du pic d’Aneto</p> + +<p>Pirenei. Veduta dei monti dal Picco de Aneto</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_219" id="page_219">{219}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_217"> +<a href="images/ill_217.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_217.jpg" +width="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Pyrenees. The Maladeta seen from the Pic de Aneto</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>Pirineos. El Maldeta visto desde el Pico de Aneto</p> + +<p>Pyrenäen. Der Maladeta vom Pic de Aneto aus gesehen</p> + +<p>Les Pyrenées: La Maladetta, vue du pic d’Aneto</p> + +<p>Pirenei. La Maledetta, vista dal Picco de Aneto</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_220" id="page_220">{220}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_218"> +<a href="images/ill_218.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_218.jpg" +width="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Saragossa. El Pilar Cathedral</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>Zaragoza, El Pilar</p> + +<p>Zaragoza, Kathedrale El Pilar</p> + +<p>Nôtre-Dame del Pilar (Cathédrale)</p> + +<p>Saragozza, La Cattedrale El Pilar</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_221" id="page_221">{221}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_219"> +<a href="images/ill_219.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_219.jpg" +width="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Saragossa. El Pilar</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>Zaragoza. El Pilar</p> + +<p>Zaragoza. El Pilar</p> + +<p>Saragosse: Effet de crepiscule et Notre-Dame del Pilar</p> + +<p>Saragozza. El Pilar</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_222" id="page_222">{222}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_220"> +<a href="images/ill_220.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_220.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Aragonese drinking from a wine skin</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>Aragones, bebiendo de la bota</p> + +<p>Aragonese, aus dem Weinschlauch trinkend</p> + +<p>Un Aragonais se desaltère en buvant à même au tuyau de conduite du vin</p> + +<p>Tipo d’Aragonese in atto di bere</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_223" id="page_223">{223}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_221"> +<a href="images/ill_221.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_221.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Tarazona</p> +</div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_224" id="page_224">{224}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_222"> +<a href="images/ill_222.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_222.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Rock formations of Autol</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>Formaciónes en las rocas de Autol</p> + +<p>Felsformationen von Autol</p> + +<p>Le tunnel de la route, à Autol</p> + +<p>Formazione di roccie ad Autol</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_225" id="page_225">{225}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_223"> +<a href="images/ill_223.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_223.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Rock formations of Autol</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>Formaciónes en las rocas de Autol</p> + +<p>Felsformationen von Autol</p> + +<p>Bizarres formations rocheuses</p> + +<p>Formazione di roccie ad Autol</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_226" id="page_226">{226}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_224"> +<a href="images/ill_224.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_224.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Burgo de Osma</p> +</div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_227" id="page_227">{227}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_225"> +<a href="images/ill_225.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_225.jpg" +width="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Almazán</p> +</div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_228" id="page_228">{228}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_226"> +<a href="images/ill_226.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_226.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Soria, S. Juan de Duero-Altar</p> +</div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_229" id="page_229">{229}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_227"> +<a href="images/ill_227.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_227.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">S. Esteban de Gormaz</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>Going to church</p> + +<p>Camino de la iglesia</p> + +<p>Kirchgang</p> + +<p>La montée de l’église</p> + +<p>Alla Chiesa</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_230" id="page_230">{230}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_228"> +<a href="images/ill_228.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_228.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Rock formation of St. Esteban de Gormáz</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>Formación en las rocas de S. Esteban de Gormáz</p> + +<p>Felsformation von S. Esteban de Gormáz</p> + +<p>St. Esteban de Gormáz: Le Rocher</p> + +<p>Formazione di roccie di S. Esteban de Gormàz</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_231" id="page_231">{231}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_229"> +<a href="images/ill_229.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_229.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Pancorbo</p> +</div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_232" id="page_232">{232}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_230"> +<a href="images/ill_230.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_230.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Pancorbo</p> +</div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_233" id="page_233">{233}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_231"> +<a href="images/ill_231.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_231.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Pancorbo</p> +</div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_234" id="page_234">{234}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_232"> +<a href="images/ill_232.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_232.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Burgos</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>The Cathedral</p> + +<p>La Catedral</p> + +<p>Kathedrale</p> + +<p>La Cathédrale</p> + +<p>La Cattedrale</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_235" id="page_235">{235}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_233"> +<a href="images/ill_233.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_233.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Burgos</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>Interior of the Cathedral</p> + +<p>Interior de la Catedral</p> + +<p>Inneres der Kathedrale</p> + +<p>Intérieur de la cathédrale</p> + +<p>Interno della Cattedrale</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_236" id="page_236">{236}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_234"> +<a href="images/ill_234.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_234.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Burgos, Cartuja Miraflores</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>High-Altar of the Church</p> + +<p>Retablo</p> + +<p>Hochaltar der Kirche</p> + +<p>Le maître autel de l’église des dominicains</p> + +<p>L’Altar Maggiore della Cattedrale</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_237" id="page_237">{237}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_235"> +<a href="images/ill_235.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_235.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Burgos, Cartuja Miraflores</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>Sepulchre of the infante Alfonso</p> + +<p>Sepulcro del infante Alfonso</p> + +<p>Grabmal des Infanten Alfonso</p> + +<p>Tombeau de l’infant Alphonse dans l’église des dominicains</p> + +<p>Il sepolcro dell’infante Alfonso</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_238" id="page_238">{238}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_236"> +<a href="images/ill_236.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_236.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Burgos</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>In the Garden of the Cartuja Miraflores</p> + +<p>En el jardin de la Cartuja Miraflores</p> + +<p>Im Garten der Cartuja Miraflores</p> + +<p>Le jardin du convent des dominicains</p> + +<p>Nel giardino de la Cartuja Miraflores</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_239" id="page_239">{239}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_237"> +<a href="images/ill_237.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_237.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Lonely Chapel</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>Cappella solitaria</p> + +<p>Einsame Kapelle</p> + +<p>Une chapelle solitaire</p> + +<p>Capilla solitaria</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_240" id="page_240">{240}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_238"> +<a href="images/ill_238.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_238.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Arranda de Duero</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>Doors of St. Maria</p> + +<p>Portada de la Iglesia Sta. Maria</p> + +<p>Portal der Kirche Santa Maria</p> + +<p>Portail de l’église Sainte-Marie</p> + +<p>Ingresso della Chiesa di S. Maria</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_241" id="page_241">{241}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_239"> +<a href="images/ill_239.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_239.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Valladolid</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>Facade of St. Pablo (plateresque style)</p> + +<p>Fachada de S. Pablo (estilo plateresco)</p> + +<p>Fassade der Kirche S. Pablo (im plateresken Stil)</p> + +<p>Façade de l’église Saint-Pablo (style en relief)</p> + +<p>Facciata della Chiesa di S. Paolo (Stile plateresco)</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_242" id="page_242">{242}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_240"> +<a href="images/ill_240.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_240.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Valladolid</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>Court of St. Gregorio</p> + +<p>Patio de S. Gregorio</p> + +<p>Hof von S. Gregorio</p> + +<p>Cour de Saint-Grégoire</p> + +<p>Il Cortile di S. Gregorio</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_243" id="page_243">{243}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_241"> +<a href="images/ill_241.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_241.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Valladolid</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>Gallery of St. Gregorio</p> + +<p>Galeria de S. Gregorio</p> + +<p>Galerie von S. Gregorio</p> + +<p>Galerie de Saint-Grégoire</p> + +<p>La Galleria di S. Gregorio</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_244" id="page_244">{244}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_242"> +<a href="images/ill_242.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_242.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Toro</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>The Cathedral-Doorway of the Carmen Chapel (Former entrance of the +Cathedral)</p> + +<p>Catedral-Portada de la Capilla del Carmen (antigua entrada de la +catedral)</p> + +<p>Kathedrale-Portal der Carmenkapelle (ehemals Eingangstor der Kathedrale)</p> + +<p>La cathédrale: portail de la Chapelle des Carmes (ancienne porte +d’entrée de la Cathédrale)</p> + +<p>La Cattedrale. Ingresso alla Cappella del Carmine (Antico ingresso alla +Cattedrale)</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_245" id="page_245">{245}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_243"> +<a href="images/ill_243.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_243.jpg" +width="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Zamora</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>Sepulchre of Prince D. Juan Vázquez de Acuña in the church of Santa +Magdalena</p> + +<p>Sepulcro del principe D. Juan Vázquez de Acuña en la iglesia Santa +Magdalena</p> + +<p>Grabmal des Prinzen D. Juan Vásquez de Acuña in der Kirche Santa +Magdalena</p> + +<p>Eglise Sainte-Madeleine: Tombeau du prince D. Juan Vásquez d’Acuña</p> + +<p>Sepolcro del Principe D. Juan Vázquez de Acuña nella Chiesa di Santa +Magdalena</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_246" id="page_246">{246}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_244"> +<a href="images/ill_244.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_244.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Salamanca</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>The Cathedral</p> + +<p>La Catedral</p> + +<p>Kathedrale</p> + +<p>La Cathédrale</p> + +<p>La Cattedrale</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_247" id="page_247">{247}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_245"> +<a href="images/ill_245.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_245.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Salamanca</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>Doorway of the University</p> + +<p>Portada de la Universidad</p> + +<p>Portal der Universität</p> + +<p>Portail de l’Université</p> + +<p>Portale dell’Università</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_248" id="page_248">{248}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_246"> +<a href="images/ill_246.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_246.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Salamanca</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>University. Staircase with alto-relievo (the relievos on the upper part +showing knights in a bull-fight)</p> + +<p>Universidad. La escalera (en el relieve superior una corrida de toros en +la Edad Media)</p> + +<p>Universität. Platereske Treppe (an der oberen Treppenwange Darstellung +eines Ritterstierkampfes)</p> + +<p>L’Université: Escalier du style en relief (sur le limon supérieur est +représenté un combat de taureaux au Moyen-âge)</p> + +<p>Università. La scalinata. Nella parte superiore della Scala è +raffigurata una corrida di tori</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_249" id="page_249">{249}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_247"> +<a href="images/ill_247.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_247.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Salamanca</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>Inner Doorway in the court of the Escuelas menores (lower school)</p> + +<p>Entrada y patio de las Escuelas menores (hospital del estudio)</p> + +<p>Inneres Portal im Hof der Escuelas menores (niedere Schule)</p> + +<p>Portail intérieur dans la cour des Escuelas menores (écoles mineures)</p> + +<p>Portale interno nel cortile della Scuola inferiore</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_250" id="page_250">{250}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_248"> +<a href="images/ill_248.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_248.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Ciudad Rodrigo</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>Door of palace</p> + +<p>Portada de un palacio</p> + +<p>Portal eines Palastes</p> + +<p>Portail d’un palais</p> + +<p>Ingresso d’un palazzo</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_251" id="page_251">{251}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_249"> +<a href="images/ill_249.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_249.jpg" +width="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Ciudad Rodrigo</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>Market-place</p> + +<p>Plaza mayor</p> + +<p>Marktplatz</p> + +<p>La grande place (Place du marché)</p> + +<p>La Piazza del Mercato</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_252" id="page_252">{252}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_250"> +<a href="images/ill_250.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_250.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Costumes in Candelario</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>Traje de Candelario</p> + +<p>Tracht von Candelario</p> + +<p>Femmes de Candelario</p> + +<p>Costumi di Candelario</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_253" id="page_253">{253}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_251"> +<a href="images/ill_251.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_251.jpg" +width="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Candelario (Prov. Salamanca)</p> +</div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_254" id="page_254">{254}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_252"> +<a href="images/ill_252.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_252.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Costumes in La Alberca (Prov. of Salamanca)</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>Traje de La Alberca (Prov. de Salamanca)</p> + +<p>Tracht von La Alberca (Prov. Salamanca)</p> + +<p>Une famille de paysans de la Alberca. (Province de Salamanque)</p> + +<p>Costumi di La Alberca (Prov. di Salamanca)</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_255" id="page_255">{255}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_253"> +<a href="images/ill_253.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_253.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">A Mule-Ride</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>Paseo en mula</p> + +<p>Maultierritt</p> + +<p>En route sur la mule</p> + +<p>Cavalcata sul mulo</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_256" id="page_256">{256}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_254"> +<a href="images/ill_254.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_254.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Festal costume in La Alberca (four-strand gold chain—old +family ornament)</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>Traje festivo de La Alberca (las cadenas de oro son una joya de familia)</p> + +<p>Festtracht von La Alberca (vielreihige Goldketten—alter Familienbesitz)</p> + +<p>Femme de la Alberca en costume de cérémonie (Les colliers en or à +plusieurs rangées proviennent d’un très ancien héritage de famille)</p> + +<p>Costume festivo a La Alberca (Piu fili de catene d’oro, eredità di +famiglia)</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_257" id="page_257">{257}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_255"> +<a href="images/ill_255.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_255.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Festal costume in La Alberca</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>Traje festivo de la Alberca</p> + +<p>Festtracht von La Alberca</p> + +<p>Femme de la Alberca en costume de fête</p> + +<p>Giovinetta di La Alberca in costume festivo</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_258" id="page_258">{258}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_256"> +<a href="images/ill_256.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_256.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">In Mogarraz (Prov. of Salamanca)</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>En Mogarraz (Prov. de Salamanca)</p> + +<p>In Mogarraz (Prov. Salamanca)</p> + +<p>A Mogarraz (Province de Salamanque)</p> +</div></div> + +<p>A Mogarraz (Provincia die Salamanca)<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_259" id="page_259">{259}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_257"> +<a href="images/ill_257.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_257.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Hurdanos at the well</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>Hurdanos en la fuente</p> + +<p>Hurdesbewohner am Brunnen</p> + +<p>Hurdanos à la fontaine</p> + +<p>Hurdani alla fontana</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_260" id="page_260">{260}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_258"> +<a href="images/ill_258.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_258.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">The Monastery of Las Batuecas</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>El Monasterio de Las Batuecas</p> + +<p>Kloster Batuecas</p> + +<p>Le Monastère de Las Batuecas</p> + +<p>Il Monastero di Las Batuecas</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_261" id="page_261">{261}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_259"> +<a href="images/ill_259.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_259.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Doorway of the Monastery of Las Batuecas</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>Portada del Monasterio de Las Batuecas</p> + +<p>Pforte des Klosters Batuecas</p> + +<p>Porte d’entrée du monastère de Las Batuecas</p> + +<p>Ingresso del Monastero Las Batuecas</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_262" id="page_262">{262}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_260"> +<a href="images/ill_260.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_260.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">In the monastery school</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>En la escuela del monasterio</p> + +<p>In der Klosterschule</p> + +<p>L’école au monastère</p> + +<p>Nella scuola del Monastero</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_263" id="page_263">{263}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_261"> +<a href="images/ill_261.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_261.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">The beauty of the woods (Batuecas)</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>Encanto del bosque (Batuecas)</p> + +<p>Waldespracht (Batuecas)</p> + +<p>Dans la forêt (Batuecas)</p> + +<p>Nella foresta (Batuecas)</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_264" id="page_264">{264}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_262"> +<a href="images/ill_262.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_262.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Door-post of the chapel of St. Miguel de Lino near Oviedo +(erected by Ramiro I. about 845)</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>Poste de la Capilla S. Miguel de Lino (Oviedo) (edificada por Ramiro I. +por los años de 845)</p> + +<p>Pfosten der Kapelle S. Miguel de Lino bei Oviedo (von Ramiro I. um 845 +erbaut)</p> + +<p>Un pilier de la Chapelle de St. Michel de Lino (Oviedo) (bâtie par +Ramiro Ier en 845)</p> + +<p>Pilastro della Cappella di S. Michele de Lino (Oviedo) (Costruito da +Ramiro I. nell’anno 845)</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_265" id="page_265">{265}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_263"> +<a href="images/ill_263.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_263.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Interior of the Chapel of St. Maria de Naranco near +Oviedo (erected about 845)</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>Interior de la Capilla Sta. Maria de Naranco (Oviedo) (edificada por los +años de 845)</p> + +<p>Inneres der Kapelle Santa Maria de Naranco bei Oviedo (um 845 erbaut)</p> + +<p>Intérieur de la chapelle de Ste. Marie de Naranco (Oviedo) (bâtie en +845)</p> + +<p>Interno della Cappella di Santa Maria de Naranco (Oviedo) (Costruita +nell’ anno 845)</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_266" id="page_266">{266}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_264"> +<a href="images/ill_264.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_264.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">The Gorge of Hermida in the Picos de Europa (Asturia)</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>Desfiladero de Hermida en los Picos de Europa (Asturias)</p> + +<p>Engpaß von Hermida in den Picos de Europa (Asturien)</p> + +<p>Défilé de Hermida à Los Picos de Europa (Asturies)</p> + +<p>Passo di Hermida nel Picos d’Europa (Asturie)</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_267" id="page_267">{267}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_265"> +<a href="images/ill_265.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_265.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Gorge In the Sella Valley (Picos de Europa)</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>Desfiladero de Sella (Picos de Europa)</p> + +<p>Im Sellafal (Picos de Europa)</p> + +<p>Gorge de la Sella (Picos de Europa)</p> + +<p>Nella valle del Sella (Pico d’Europa)</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_268" id="page_268">{268}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_266"> +<a href="images/ill_266.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_266.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Asturian Bridge (Picos de Europa)</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>Puente asturiano (Picos de Europa)</p> + +<p>Asturianische Brücke (Picos de Europa)</p> + +<p>Un pont des Asturies (Picos de Europa)</p> + +<p>Ponte asturiano (Pico d’Europa)</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_269" id="page_269">{269}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_267"> +<a href="images/ill_267.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_267.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Eucalyptus Avenue near Ribadesella</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>Alameda de Eucaliptos (Ribadesella)</p> + +<p>Eukalyptusallee bei Ribadesella</p> + +<p>Allée d’eucalyptus près de Ribadesella</p> + +<p>Viale fiancheggiato di eucalitti a Ribadesella</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_270" id="page_270">{270}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_268"> +<a href="images/ill_268.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_268.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Potes (Picos de Europa)</p> +</div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_271" id="page_271">{271}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_269"> +<a href="images/ill_269.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_269.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Potes</p> +</div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_272" id="page_272">{272}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_270"> +<a href="images/ill_270.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_270.jpg" +width="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Potes (Picos de Europa)</p> +</div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_273" id="page_273">{273}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_271"> +<a href="images/ill_271.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_271.jpg" +width="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Potes</p> +</div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_274" id="page_274">{274}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_272"> +<a href="images/ill_272.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_272.jpg" +width="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Roman bridge in Cangas de Onis (Asturia)</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>Puente romano de Cangas de Onis (Asturias)</p> + +<p>Römische Brücke in Cangas de Onis (Asturien)</p> + +<p>Pont Romain à Cangas de Onis (Asturies)</p> + +<p>Ponte romano a Canga de Onis (Asturie)</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_275" id="page_275">{275}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_273"> +<a href="images/ill_273.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_273.jpg" +width="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">The Santander sailing boat harbour</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>Puerto de veleros de Santander</p> + +<p>Segelschiffhafen von Santander</p> + +<p>Le port des voiliers à Santander</p> + +<p>Porto di velleri a Santander</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_276" id="page_276">{276}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_274"> +<a href="images/ill_274.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_274.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Ondárroa (Vizcaya)</p> +</div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_277" id="page_277">{277}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_275"> +<a href="images/ill_275.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_275.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Castillo Butrón (Vizcaya)</p> +</div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_278" id="page_278">{278}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_276"> +<a href="images/ill_276.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_276.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Basque Peasant’s House (Mañaria)</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>Casita vasca (Mañaria)</p> + +<p>Baskisches Bauernhaus (Mañaria)</p> + +<p>Maison de paysan basque (Mañaria)</p> + +<p>Casetta Basca (Mañaria)</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_279" id="page_279">{279}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_277"> +<a href="images/ill_277.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_277.jpg" +width="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Basque Peasant’s House near Durángo</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>Casita vasca cerca de Durángo</p> + +<p>Baskisches Bauernhaus bei Durángo</p> + +<p>Maison de paysan basque aux environs de Durángo</p> + +<p>Casetta di contadini baschi presso Durángo</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_280" id="page_280">{280}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_278"> +<a href="images/ill_278.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_278.jpg" +width="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Basque Mill</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>Molino vasco</p> + +<p>Baskische Mühle</p> + +<p>Un moulin basque</p> + +<p>Molini basco</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_281" id="page_281">{281}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_279"> +<a href="images/ill_279.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_279.jpg" +width="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Typical Basque cart</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>Carro vasco tipico</p> + +<p>Typischer Baskenkarren</p> + +<p>Une charrette basque attelée de boeufs</p> + +<p>Carro basco con buol</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_282" id="page_282">{282}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_280"> +<a href="images/ill_280.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_280.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Biscaya, Ancient gravestone in the Colegiata of Cenarruza</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>Vizcaya, Lápida sepulcral en la Colegiata de Cenarruza</p> + +<p>Vizcaya, Alter Grabstein in der Colegiata von Cenarruza</p> + +<p>Pierre tombale à la Collegiale de Cenarruza (Biscaye)</p> + +<p>Antica lapide sepolcrale nella Collegiata de Cenarruza</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_283" id="page_283">{283}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_281"> +<a href="images/ill_281.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_281.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Stone Crucifix in Durango (Biscaya)</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>Cruz de piedra de Durango (Viscaya)</p> + +<p>Steinkreuz in Durango (Vizcaya)</p> + +<p>Le Calvaire de Durango (Biscaye)</p> + +<p>Croce di pietra a Durango (Viscaya)</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_284" id="page_284">{284}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_282"> +<a href="images/ill_282.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_282.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Entrance to the Mallona Cemetery (Bilbao)</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>Entrada del cementerio de Mallona (Bilbao)</p> + +<p>Friedhofsaufgang Mallona (Bilbao)</p> + +<p>Entrée du cimetière de Mallona (Bilbao)</p> + +<p>Ingresso al cimitero di Mallona (Bilbao)</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_285" id="page_285">{285}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_283"> +<a href="images/ill_283.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_283.jpg" +width="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Cemetery with stone sepulchres near Elorrio (Biscaya)</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>Sepulcros de piedra cerca de Elorria (Vizcaya)</p> + +<p>Steinkistenfriedhof bei Elorrio (Vizcaya)</p> + +<p>Sépulcres de pierre aux environs d’Elorria (Biscaye)</p> + +<p>Sepolcri di pietra cava presso Elorrio (Vizcaya)</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_286" id="page_286">{286}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_284"> +<a href="images/ill_284.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_284.jpg" +width="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">San Sebastian</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>View from Monte Ulla</p> + +<p>Visto desde el Monte Ulla</p> + +<p>Vom Mont Ulla gesehen</p> + +<p>Vue prise du Mont Ulla</p> + +<p>Veduta della città del Monte Ulla</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_287" id="page_287">{287}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_285"> +<a href="images/ill_285.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_285.jpg" +width="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">San Sebastian</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>View from Monte Igueldo</p> + +<p>Visto desde el Monte Igueldo</p> + +<p>Vom Monte Igueldo gesehen</p> + +<p>Vue prise du Mont Igueldo</p> + +<p>Veduta della città dal Monte Igueldo</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_288" id="page_288">{288}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_286"> +<a href="images/ill_286.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_286.jpg" +width="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">San Sebastian</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>Eventide</p> + +<p>Al anochecer</p> + +<p>Abendstimmung</p> + +<p>Effet de crépuscule à Saint-Sébastien</p> + +<p>Tramonto</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_289" id="page_289">{289}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_287"> +<a href="images/ill_287.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_287.jpg" +width="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">San Sebastian. Harbour. Evening</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>Puerto de San Sebastian. Crepusculo</p> + +<p>San Sebastian. Abend im Hafen</p> + +<p>Le port de Saint-Sebastien Effet de crépuscule</p> + +<p>Porto di San Sebastiano. Crepuscolo</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_290" id="page_290">{290}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_288"> +<a href="images/ill_288.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_288.jpg" +width="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">San Sebastian</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>The Harbour</p> + +<p>El puerto</p> + +<p>Hafen</p> + +<p>Le port de Saint Sébastien</p> + +<p>San Sebastiano. Il Porto</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_291" id="page_291">{291}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_289"> +<a href="images/ill_289.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_289.jpg" +width="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Entrance to the harbour of Pasages</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>Entrada del puerto de Pasages (Guipuzcoa)</p> + +<p>Einfahrt in den Hafen von Pasages (Guipuzcoa)</p> + +<p>Entrée du port de Pasages (Guipuzcoa)</p> + +<p>Stretto d’accesso al porto di Pasages (Guipuzcoa)</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_292" id="page_292">{292}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_290"> +<a href="images/ill_290.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_290.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Pasages</p> +</div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_293" id="page_293">{293}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_291"> +<a href="images/ill_291.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_291.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Pasages</p> +</div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_294" id="page_294">{294}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_292"> +<a href="images/ill_292.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_292.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Pasages</p> +</div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_295" id="page_295">{295}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_293"> +<a href="images/ill_293.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_293.jpg" +width="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Pasages</p> +</div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_296" id="page_296">{296}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_294"> +<a href="images/ill_294.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_294.jpg" +width="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Bull-fight in the Market-Place of Pasages</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>Novillada en la plaza mayor de Pasages</p> + +<p>Stierkampf auf dem Marktplatz von Pasages</p> + +<p>Un combat de taureaux sur la grande place à Pasages</p> + +<p>Corrida sulla piazza del mercato di Pasages</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_297" id="page_297">{297}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_295"> +<a href="images/ill_295.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_295.jpg" +width="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Boys playing at bull-fighting</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>Muchachos jugando à los toros</p> + +<p>Knaben, Stierkampf spielend</p> + +<p>Un jeu d’enfant bien espagnol</p> + +<p>Bambini che giuocano alla Corrida</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_298" id="page_298">{298}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_296"> +<a href="images/ill_296.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_296.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Fuenterabia</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>Court in Charles Vth’s Palace</p> + +<p>Patio en el Palacio Carlos V.</p> + +<p>Hof im Palast Karls V.</p> + +<p>Une cour du palais de Charles-Quint</p> + +<p>Cortile del Palazzo Carlo V.</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_299" id="page_299">{299}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_297"> +<a href="images/ill_297.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_297.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Ruins among the flowers</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>Ruinas entre flores</p> + +<p>Ruinen in Margariten</p> + +<p>Ruines et fleurs</p> + +<p>Margariten. Rovine</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_300" id="page_300">{300}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_298"> +<a href="images/ill_298.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_298.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Santiago de Campostela</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>The Cathedral</p> + +<p>La Catedral</p> + +<p>Kathedrale</p> + +<p>La Cathédrale</p> + +<p>La Cattedrale</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_301" id="page_301">{301}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_299"> +<a href="images/ill_299.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_299.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">In the Bay of Pontevedra (Galicia)</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>En la ria de Pontevedra (Galicia)</p> + +<p>In der Bucht von Pontevedra (Galicien)</p> + +<p>La baie de Pontevedra (Galice)</p> + +<p>Nel seno di Pontevedra (Galizia)</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_302" id="page_302">{302}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_300"> +<a href="images/ill_300.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_300.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">The waves at play</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>Juego de las olas</p> + +<p>Spiel der Wellen</p> + +<p>Echappée sur la mer</p> + +<p>Giuoco delle onde</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_303" id="page_303">{303}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_301"> +<a href="images/ill_301.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_301.jpg" +width="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Vigo Harbour (Galicia)</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>Puerto de Vigo (Galicia)</p> + +<p>Hafen von Vigo (Galicien)</p> + +<p>Le port de Vigo (Galice)</p> + +<p>Porto di Vico (Galizia)</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_304" id="page_304">{304}</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" id="ill_302"> +<a href="images/ill_302.jpg"> +<img src="images/ill_302.jpg" +height="600" +alt="[Image unavailable.]" /></a> +<p class="ttle">Eventide at sea (Exit of Pasages)</p> +<div class="blk"> +<p>Penumbra de la tarde en el mar (Salida de Pasages)</p> + +<p>Abendfeier auf dem Meere (Ausfahrt von Pasages)</p> + +<p>Effet de soir sur la mer à la sortie de Pasages</p> + +<p>Tramonto sul mare (Uscita del porto di Pasages)</p> +</div></div> + +<div class="footnotes"><p class="cb">FOOTNOTES:</p> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_A_1" id="Footnote_A_1"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_1"><span class="label">[A]</span></a> Vide pictures <a href="#ill_001">1-22</a>, <a href="#ill_025">25</a>. Bracketed figures in the text refer +to the respective views.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_B_2" id="Footnote_B_2"></a><a href="#FNanchor_B_2"><span class="label">[B]</span></a> Cordova was taken soon after the battle of Jerez (711). +Abd-ur-rahman I., the founder of the Omaijaden dynasty began to build +the mosque in 785. The columns (their number is stated at between 1400 +and 1500) were collected from buildings in all countries: Byzantium, +Rome, Carthage, Nîmes, Narbonne, etc.; hence their variety of form and +material (marble, porphyry, jasper, alabaster). In 1235 Cordova was +taken by the Christians. 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