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If you are not located in the United States, you -will have to check the laws of the country where you are located before -using this eBook. - -Title: An Adventure - -Author: Elizabeth Morison - Frances Lamont - -Release Date: March 13, 2021 [eBook #64809] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: UTF-8 - -Produced by: Richard Tonsing and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team - at https://www.pgdp.net (This book was produced from images - made available by the HathiTrust Digital Library.) - -*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK AN ADVENTURE *** - - - - - AN ADVENTURE - - - MACMILLAN AND CO., LIMITED - ST. MARTIN’S STREET, LONDON - - 1911 - - - - - GLASGOW: PRINTED AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS - BY ROBERT MACLEHOSE AND CO. LTD. - - - - - PREFACE - - -It is a great venture to speak openly of a personal experience, and we -only do so for the following reasons. First, we prefer that our story, -which is known in part to some, should be wholly known as told by -ourselves. Secondly, we have collected so much evidence on the subject, -that it is possible now to consider it as a whole. Thirdly, conditions -are changing at Versailles, and in a short time facts which were -unknown, and circumstances which were unusual, may soon become -commonplaces, and will lose their force as evidence that some curious -psychological conditions must have been present, either in ourselves, or -in the place. - -It is not our business to explain or to understand—nor do we pretend to -understand—what happened to put us into communication with so many true -facts, which, nine years ago, no one could have told us of in their -entirety. But, in order that others may be able to judge fairly of all -the circumstances, we have tried to record exactly what happened as -simply and fully as possible. - - ELIZABETH MORISON. - FRANCES LAMONT. - - - PUBLISHERS’ NOTE - -The ladies whose Adventure is described in these pages have for various -reasons preferred not to disclose their real names, but the signatures -appended to the Preface are the only fictitious words in the book. The -Publishers guarantee that the Authors have put down what happened to -them as faithfully and accurately as was in their power. - - - - - CONTENTS - - - CHAPTER PAGE - I. THREE VISITS TO THE PETIT TRIANON 1 - - II. RESULTS OF RESEARCH 41 - - III. ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS 100 - - IV. A RÊVERIE 121 - - - - - CHAPTER I - VISITS TO THE PETIT TRIANON - - - Miss Morison’s Account of the First Visit to the Petit Trianon - - AUGUST, 1901 - -After some days of sight-seeing in Paris, to which we were almost -strangers, on an August afternoon, 1901, Miss Lamont and I went to -Versailles. We had very hazy ideas as to where it was or what there was -to be seen. Both of us thought it might prove to be a dull expedition. -We went by train, and walked through the rooms and galleries of the -Palace with interest, though we constantly regretted our inability -through ignorance to feel properly the charm of the place. My knowledge -of French history was limited to the very little I had learnt in the -schoolroom, historical novels, and the first volume of Justin M’Carthy’s -_French Revolution_. Over thirty years before my brother had written a -prize poem on _Marie Antoinette_, for whom at the time I had felt much -enthusiasm. But the German occupation was chiefly in our minds, and Miss -Lamont and I thought and spoke of it several times. - -We sat down in the Salle des Glaces, where a very sweet air was blowing -in at the open windows over the flower-beds below, and finding that -there was time to spare, I suggested our going to the Petit Trianon. My -sole knowledge of it was from a magazine article read as a girl, from -which I received a general impression that it was a farmhouse where the -Queen had amused herself. - -Looking in Baedeker’s map we saw the sort of direction and that there -were two Trianons, and set off. By not asking the way we went an -unnecessarily long way round,—by the great flights of steps from the -fountains and down the central avenue as far as the head of the long -pond. The weather had been very hot all the week, but on this day the -sky was a little overcast and the sun shaded. There was a lively wind -blowing, the woods were looking their best, and we both felt -particularly vigorous. It was a most enjoyable walk. - -After reaching the beginning of the long water we struck away to the -right down a woodland glade until we came obliquely to the other water -close to the building, which we rightly concluded to be the Grand -Trianon. We passed it on our left hand, and came up a broad green drive -perfectly deserted. If we had followed it we should have come -immediately to the Petit Trianon, but not knowing its position, we -crossed the drive and went up a lane in front of us. I was surprised -that Miss Lamont did not ask the way from a woman who was shaking a -white cloth out of the window of a building at the corner of the lane, -but followed, supposing that she knew where she was going to. Talking -about England and mutual acquaintances there, we went up the lane, and -then made a sharp turn to the right past some buildings. We looked in at -an open doorway and saw the end of a carved staircase, but as no one was -about we did not like to go in. There were three paths in front of us, -and as we saw two men a little ahead on the centre one, we followed it, -and asked them the way. Afterwards we spoke of them as gardeners, -because we remembered a wheelbarrow of some kind close by and the look -of a pointed spade, but they were really very dignified officials, -dressed in long greyish-green coats with small three-cornered hats. They -directed us straight on. - -We walked briskly forward, talking as before, but from the moment we -left the lane an extraordinary depression had come over me, which, in -spite of every effort to shake off, steadily deepened. There seemed to -be absolutely no reason for it; I was not at all tired, and was becoming -more interested in my surroundings. I was anxious that my companion -should not discover the sudden gloom upon my spirits, which became quite -overpowering on reaching the point where the path ended, being crossed -by another, right and left. - -In front of us was a wood, within which, and overshadowed by trees, was -a light garden kiosk, circular, and like a small bandstand, by which a -man was sitting. There was no green sward, but the ground was covered -with rough grass and dead leaves as in a wood. The place was so shut in -that we could not see beyond it. Everything suddenly looked unnatural, -therefore unpleasant; even the trees behind the building seemed to have -become flat and lifeless, _like a wood worked in tapestry_. There were -no effects of light and shade, and no wind stirred the trees. It was all -intensely still. - -The man sitting close to the kiosk (who had on a cloak and a large shady -hat) turned his head and looked at us. That was the culmination of my -peculiar sensations, and I felt a moment of genuine alarm. The man’s -face was most repulsive,—its expression odious. His complexion was very -dark and rough. I said to Miss Lamont, “Which is our way?” but thought -“nothing will induce me to go to the left.” It was a great relief at -that moment to hear someone running up to us in breathless haste. -Connecting the sound with the gardeners, I turned and ascertained that -there was no one on the paths, either to the side or behind; but at -almost the same moment I suddenly perceived another man quite close to -us, behind and rather to the left hand, who had, apparently, just come -either over or through the rock (or whatever it was) that shut out the -view at the junction of the paths. The suddenness of his appearance was -something of a shock. - -The second man was distinctly a gentleman; he was tall, with large dark -eyes, and had crisp, curling black hair under the same large sombrero -hat. He was handsome, and the effect of the hair was to make him look -like an old picture. His face was glowing red as through great -exertion,—as though he had come a long way. At first I thought he was -sunburnt, but a second look satisfied me that the colour was from heat, -not sunburning. He had on a dark cloak wrapped across him like a scarf, -one end flying out in his prodigious hurry. He looked greatly excited as -he called out to us, “Mesdames, Mesdames,” or (“Madame” pronounced more -as the other), “il ne faut (pronounced _fout_) pas passer par là.” He -then waved his arm, and said with great animation, “par ici ... cherchez -la maison.”[1] - -I was so surprised at his eagerness that I looked up at him again, and -to this he responded with a little backward movement and a most peculiar -smile. Though I could not follow all he said, it was clear that he was -determined that we should go to the right and not to the left. As this -fell in with my own wish, I went instantly towards a little bridge on -the right, and turning my head to join Miss Lamont in thanking him, -found, to my surprise, that he was not there, but the running began -again and from the sound it was close beside us. - -Silently we passed over the small rustic bridge which crossed a tiny -ravine. So close to us when on the bridge that we could have touched it -with our right hands, a thread-like cascade fell from a height down a -green pretty bank, where ferns grew between stones. Where the little -trickle of water went to I did not see, but it gave me the impression -that we were near other water, though I saw none. - -Beyond the little bridge our pathway led under trees; it skirted a -narrow meadow of long grass, bounded on the further side by trees, and -very much overshadowed by trees growing in it. This gave the whole place -a sombre look suggestive of dampness, and shut out the view of the house -until we were close to it. The house was a square, solidly-built small -country house;—quite different from what I expected. The long windows -looking north into the English garden (where we were) were shuttered. -There was a terrace round the north and west sides of the house, and on -the rough grass which grew quite up to the terrace and with her back to -it, a lady was sitting, holding out a paper as though to look at it at -arm’s length. I supposed her to be sketching, and to have brought her -own camp-stool. It seemed as though she must be making a study of trees, -for they grew close in front of her, and there seemed to be nothing else -to sketch. She saw us, and when we passed close by on her left hand, she -turned and looked full at us. It was not a young face, and (though -rather pretty) it did not attract me. She had on a shady white hat -perched on a good deal of fair hair that fluffed round her forehead. Her -light summer dress was arranged on her shoulders in handkerchief -fashion, and there was a little line of either green or gold near the -edge of the handkerchief, which showed me that it was _over_, not tucked -into, her bodice, which was cut low. Her dress was long-waisted, with a -good deal of fullness in the skirt, which seemed to be short. I thought -she was a tourist, but that her dress was old-fashioned and rather -unusual (though people were wearing fichu bodices that summer). I looked -straight at her; but some indescribable feeling made me turn away -annoyed at her being there. - -We went up the steps on to the terrace, my impression being that they -led up direct from the English garden; but I was beginning to feel as -though we were walking in a dream,—the stillness and oppressiveness were -so unnatural. Again I saw the lady, this time from behind, and noticed -that her fichu was pale green. It was rather a relief to me that Miss -Lamont did not propose to ask her whether we could enter the house from -that side. - -We crossed the terrace to the south-west corner and looked over into the -cour d’honneur; and then turned back, and seeing that one of the long -windows overlooking the French garden was unshuttered, we were going -towards it when we were interrupted. The terrace was prolonged at right -angles in front of what seemed to be a second house. The door of it -suddenly opened, and a young man stepped out on to the terrace, banging -the door behind him. He had the jaunty manner of a footman, but no -livery, and called to us, saying that the way into the house was by the -cour d’honneur, and offered to show us the way round. He looked -inquisitively amused as he walked by us down the French garden till we -came to an entrance into the front drive. We came out sufficiently near -the first lane we had been in to make me wonder why the garden officials -had not directed us back instead of telling us to go forward. - -When we were in the front entrance hall we were kept waiting for the -arrival of a merry French wedding party. They walked arm in arm in a -long procession round the rooms, and we were at the back,—too far off -from the guide to hear much of his story. We were very much interested, -and felt quite lively again. Coming out of the cour d’honneur we took a -little carriage which was standing there, and drove back to the Hotel -des Réservoirs in Versailles, where we had tea[2]; but we were neither -of us inclined to talk, and did not mention any of the events of the -afternoon. After tea we walked back to the station, looking on the way -for the Tennis Court. - - -On the way back to Paris the setting sun at last burst out from under -the clouds, bathing the distant Versailles woods in glowing -light,—Valerien standing out in front a mass of deep purple. Again and -again the thought returned,—Was Marie Antoinette really much at Trianon, -and did she see it for the last time long before the fatal drive to -Paris accompanied by the mob? - - -For a whole week we never alluded to that afternoon, nor did I think -about it until I began writing a descriptive letter of our expeditions -of the week before. As the scenes came back one by one, the same -sensation of dreamy unnatural oppression came over me so strongly that I -stopped writing, and said to Miss Lamont, “Do you think that the Petit -Trianon is haunted?” Her answer was prompt, “Yes, I do.” I asked her -where she felt it, and she said, “In the garden where we met the two -men, but not only there.” She then described her feeling of depression -and anxiety which began at the same point as it did with me, and how she -tried not to let me know it. Talking it over we fully realised, for the -first time, the theatrical appearance of the man who spoke to us, the -inappropriateness of the wrapped cloak on a warm summer afternoon, the -unaccountableness of his coming and going, the excited running which -seemed to begin and end close to us, and yet always out of sight, and -the extreme earnestness with which he desired us to go one way and not -another. I said that the thought had crossed my mind that the two men -were going to fight a duel, and that they were waiting until we were -gone. Miss Lamont owned to having disliked the thought of passing the -man of the kiosk. - -We did not speak again of the incident during my stay in Paris, though -we visited the Conciergerie prisons, and the tombs of Louis XVI. and -Marie Antoinette at Saint Denis, where all was clear and fresh and -natural. - -Three months later Miss Lamont came to stay with me, and on Sunday, -November 10th, 1901, we returned to the subject, and I said, “If we had -known that a lady was sitting so near us sketching it would have made -all the difference, for we should have asked the way.” She replied that -she had seen no lady. I reminded her of the person sitting under the -terrace; but Miss Lamont declared that there was no one there. I -exclaimed that it was impossible that she should not have seen the -individual; for we were walking side by side and went straight up to -her, passed her and looked down upon her from the terrace. It was -inconceivable to us both that she should not have seen the lady, but the -fact was clear that Miss Lamont had not done so, though we had both been -rather on the lookout for someone who would reassure us as to whether we -were trespassing or not. - -Finding that we had a new element of mystery, and doubting how far we -had seen any of the same things, we resolved to write down independent -accounts of our expedition to Trianon, read up its history, and make -every enquiry about the place. Miss Lamont returned to her school the -same evening, and two days later I received from her a very interesting -letter, giving the result of her first enquiries. - - E. M. - - _November, 1901._ - - - Miss Lamont’s Account of her First Visit to the Petit Trianon in 1901 - - AUGUST, 1901 - -In the summer of 1900 I stayed in Paris for the first time, and in the -course of that summer took a flat and furnished it, intending to place a -French lady there in charge of my elder schoolgirls. Paris was quite new -to me, and beyond seeing the picture galleries and one or two churches I -made no expeditions except to shops, for the Exhibition of 1900 was -going on, and all my free time was spent in seeing it with my French -friends. The next summer, however, 1901, when, after several months at -my school in England, I came back to Paris, it was to take the first -opportunity possible of having a visitor to stay there: and I asked Miss -Morison to come with me. - -Miss Morison suggested our seeing the historic part of Paris in -something like chronological order, and I looked forward to seeing it -practically for the first time with her. We decided to go to Versailles -one day, though rather reluctantly, as we felt it was diverging from our -plan to go there too soon. I did not know what to expect, as my -ignorance of the place and its significance was extreme. So we looked up -general directions in Baedeker, and trusted to finding our way at the -time. - -After spending some time in the Palace, we went down by the terrace and -struck to the right to find the Petit Trianon. We walked for some -distance down a wooded alley, and then came upon the buildings of the -Grand Trianon, before which we did not delay. We went on in the -direction of the Petit Trianon, but just before reaching what we knew -afterwards to be the main entrance I saw a gate leading to a path cut -deep below the level of the ground above, and as the way was open and -had the look of an entrance that was used, I said: “Shall we try this -path? it must lead to the house,” and we followed it. To our right we -saw some farm-buildings looking empty and deserted; implements (among -others a plough) were lying about; we looked in, but saw no one. The -impression was saddening, but it was not until we reached the crest of -the rising ground where there was a garden that I began to feel as if we -had lost our way, and as if something were wrong. There were two men -there in official dress (greenish in colour), with something in their -hands; it might have been a staff. A wheelbarrow and some other -gardening tools were near them. They told us, in answer to my enquiry, -to go straight on. I remember repeating my question, because they -answered in a seemingly casual and mechanical way, but only got the same -answer in the same manner. As we were standing there I saw to the right -of us a detached solidly-built cottage, with stone steps at the door. A -woman and a girl were standing at the doorway, and I particularly -noticed their unusual dress; both wore white kerchiefs tucked into the -bodice, and the girl’s dress, though she looked 13 or 14 only, was down -to her ankles. The woman was passing a jug to the girl, who wore a close -white cap.[3] - -Following the directions of the two men we walked on: but the path -pointed out to us seemed to lead away from where we imagined the Petit -Trianon to be; and there was a feeling of depression and loneliness -about the place. I began to feel as if I were walking in my sleep; the -heavy dreaminess was oppressive. At last we came upon a path crossing -ours, and saw in front of us a building consisting of some columns -roofed in, and set back in the trees. Seated on the steps was a man with -a heavy black cloak round his shoulders, and wearing a slouch hat. At -that moment the eerie feeling which had begun in the garden culminated -in a definite impression of something uncanny and fear-inspiring. The -man slowly turned his face, which was marked by smallpox: his complexion -was very dark. The expression was very evil and yet unseeing, and though -I did not feel that he was looking particularly at us, I felt a -repugnance to going past him. But I did not wish to show the feeling, -which I thought was meaningless, and we talked about the best way to -turn, and decided to go to the right. - -Suddenly we heard a man running behind us: he shouted, “Mesdames, -mesdames,” and when I turned he said in an accent that seemed to me -unusual that our way lay in another direction. “Il ne faut (pronounced -_fout_) pas passer par là.” He then made a gesture, adding “par ici ... -cherchez la maison.” Though we were surprised to be addressed, we were -glad of the direction, and I thanked him. The man ran off with a curious -smile on his face: the running ceased as abruptly as it had begun, not -far from where we stood. I remember that the man was young-looking, with -a florid complexion and rather long dark hair. I do not remember the -dress, except that the material was dark and heavy, and that the man -wore buckled shoes. - -We walked on, crossing a small bridge that went across a green bank, -high on our right hand and shelving down below as to a very small -overshadowed pool of water glimmering some way off. A tiny stream -descended from above us, so small as to seem to lose itself before -reaching the little pool. We then followed a narrow path till almost -immediately we came upon the English garden front of the Petit Trianon. -The place was deserted; but as we approached the terrace I remember -drawing my skirt away with a feeling as though someone were near and I -had to make room, and then wondering why I did it. While we were on the -terrace a boy came out of the door of a second building which opened on -it, and I still have the sound in my ears of his slamming it behind him. -He directed us to go round to the other entrance, and seeing us -hesitate, with the peculiar smile of suppressed mockery, offered to show -us the way. We passed through the French garden, part of which was -walled in by trees. The feeling of dreariness was very strong there, and -continued till we actually reached the front entrance to the Petit -Trianon and looked round the room in the wake of a French wedding party. -Afterwards we drove back to the Rue des Réservoirs. - -The impression returned to me at intervals during the week that -followed, but I did not speak of it until Miss Morison asked me if I -thought the Petit Trianon was haunted, and I said Yes. Then, too, the -inconsistency of the dress and behaviour of the man with an August -afternoon at Versailles struck me. We had only this one conversation -about the two men. Nothing else passed between us in Paris. - -It was not till three months later, when I was staying with her, that -Miss Morison casually mentioned the lady, and almost refused to believe -that I had not seen her. How that happened was quite inexplicable to me, -for I believed myself to be looking about on all sides, and it was not -so much that I did not remember her as that I could have said no one was -there. But as she said it I remembered my impression at the moment of -there being more people than I could see, though I did not tell her -this. - -The same evening, November 10th, 1901, I returned to my school near -London. Curiously enough, the next morning I had to give one of a set of -lessons on the French Revolution for the Higher Certificate, and it -struck me for the first time with great interest that the 10th of August -had a special significance in French history, and that we had been at -Trianon on the anniversary of the day. - -That evening when I was preparing to write down my experiences, a French -friend whose home was in Paris came into my room, and I asked her, just -on the chance, if she knew any story about the haunting of the Petit -Trianon. (I had not mentioned our story to her before, nor indeed to -anyone.) She said directly that she remembered hearing from friends at -Versailles that on a certain day in August Marie Antoinette is regularly -seen sitting outside the garden front at the Petit Trianon, with a light -flapping hat and a pink dress. More than this, that the place, -especially the farm, the garden, and the path by the water, are peopled -with those who used to be with her there; in fact that all the -occupations and amusements reproduce themselves there for a day and a -night. I then told her our story, and when I quoted the words that the -man spoke to us, and imitated as well as I could his accent, she -immediately said that it was the Austrian pronunciation of French. I had -privately thought that he spoke old[4] French. Immediately afterwards I -wrote and told this to Miss Morison. - - F. L. - - _November, 1901._ - -On receiving Miss Lamont’s letter I turned to my diary to see on what -Saturday in August it was that we had visited Versailles, and looked up -the history to find out to what event she alluded. On August 10th, 1792, -the Tuileries was sacked. The royal family escaped in the early morning -to the Hall of the Assembly, where they were penned up for many hours -hearing themselves deposed, and within sound of the massacre of their -servants and of the Swiss guards at the Tuileries. From the Hall the -King and Queen were taken to the Temple. - -We wondered whether we had inadvertently entered within an act of the -Queen’s memory when alive, and whether this explained our curious -sensation of being completely shut in and oppressed. What more likely, -we thought, than that during those hours in the Hall of the Assembly, or -in the Conciergerie, she had gone back in such vivid memory to other -Augusts spent at Trianon that some impress of it was imparted to the -place? Some pictures which were shown to me proved that the outdoor -dress of the gentlemen at Court had been a large hat and cloak, and that -the ladies wore long-waisted bodices, with full gathered short skirts, -fichus, and hats. - -I told the story to my brother, and we heartily agreed that, as a rule, -such stories made no impression at all upon us, because we always -believed that, if only the persons involved would take the trouble to -investigate them thoroughly and honestly for themselves, they could be -quite naturally explained. We agreed that such a story as ours had very -little value without more proof of reality than it had, but that as -there were one or two interesting points in it, it would be best to sift -the matter quietly, lest others should make more of them than they -deserved. He suggested lightly and in fun that perhaps we had seen the -Queen as she thought of herself, and that it would be interesting to -know whether the dress described was the one she had on at the time of -her rêverie, or whether it was one she recollected having worn at an -earlier date. My brother also enquired whether we were quite sure that -the last man we had seen (who came out of the side building), as well as -the wedding party, were all real persons. I assured him with great -amusement that we had not the smallest doubt as to the reality of them -all. - -As Miss Lamont was going to Paris for the Christmas holidays, I wrote -and asked her to take any opportunity she might have to see the place -again, and to make a plan of the paths and the buildings; for the guide -books spoke of the Temple de l’Amour and the Belvédère, and I thought -one of them might prove to be our kiosk. - - E. M. - - - Miss Lamont’s Account of her Second Visit to the Petit Trianon - - JANUARY, 1902 - -On January 2nd, 1902, I went for the second time to Versailles. It was a -cold and wet day, but I was anxious not to be deterred by that, as it -was likely to be my only possible day that winter. This time I drove -straight to the Petit Trianon, passing the Grand Trianon. Here I could -see the path up which we had walked in August. I went, however, to the -regular entrance, thinking I would go at once to the Temple de l’Amour, -even if I had time to go no further. To the right of the cour d’honneur -was a door in the wall; it led to the Hameau de la Reine and to the -gardens. I took this path and came to the Temple de l’Amour, which was -_not_ the building we had passed in the summer. There was, so far, none -of the eerie feeling we had experienced in August. But, on crossing a -bridge to go to the Hameau, the old feeling returned in full force; it -was as if I had crossed a line and was suddenly in a circle of -influence. To the left I saw a tract of park-like ground, the trees bare -and very scanty. I noticed a cart being filled with sticks by two -labourers, and thought I could go to them for directions if I lost my -way. The men wore tunics and capes with pointed hoods of bright colours, -a sort of terra-cotta red and deep blue.[5] I turned aside for an -instant—not more—to look at the Hameau, and when I looked back men and -cart were completely out of sight, and this surprised me, as I could see -a long way in every direction. And though I had seen the men in the act -of loading the cart with sticks, I could not see any trace of them on -the ground either at the time or afterwards. I did not, however, dwell -upon any part of the incident, but went on to the Hameau. The houses -were all built near a sheet of water, and the old oppressive feeling of -the last year was noticeable, especially under the balcony of the Maison -de la Reine, and near a window in what I afterwards found to be the -Laiterie. I really felt a great reluctance to go near the window or look -in, and when I did so I found it shuttered inside. - -Coming away from the Hameau I at last reached a building, which I knew -from my plan to be the smaller Orangerie; then, meaning to go to the -Belvédère, I turned back by mistake into the park and found myself in a -wood, so thick that though I had turned towards the Hameau I could not -see it. Before I entered I looked across an open space towards a belt of -trees to the left of the Hameau some way off, and noticed a man, cloaked -like those we had seen before, slip swiftly through the line of trees. -The smoothness of his movement attracted my attention. - -I was puzzling my way among the maze of paths in the wood when I heard a -rustling behind me which made me wonder why people in silk dresses came -out on such a wet day; and I said to myself, “just like French people.” -I turned sharply round to see who they were, but saw no one, and then, -all in a moment, I had the same feeling as by the terrace in the summer, -only in a much greater degree; it was as though I were closed in by a -group of people who already filled the path, coming from behind and -passing me. At one moment there seemed really no room for me. I heard -some women’s voices talking French, and caught the words “Monsieur et -Madame” said close to my ear. The crowd got scarce and drifted away, and -then faint music as of a band, not far off, was audible. It was playing -very light music with a good deal of repetition in it. Both voices and -music were diminished in tone, as in a phonograph, unnaturally. The -pitch of the band was lower than usual. The sounds were intermittent, -and once more I felt the swish of a dress close by me. - -I looked at the map which I had with me, but whenever I settled which -path to take I felt impelled to go by another. After turning backwards -and forwards many times I at last found myself back at the Orangerie, -and was overtaken by a gardener.[6] I asked him where I should find the -Queen’s grotto, that had been mentioned in De Nolhac’s book which I had -procured while in Paris. He told me to follow the path I was on, and, in -answer to a question, said that I must pass the Belvédère, adding that -it was quite impossible to find one’s way about the park unless one had -been brought up in the place, and so used to it that “personne ne -pourrait vous tromper.” The expression specially impressed me because of -the experience I had just had in the wood. He pointed out the way and -left me. The path led past the Belvédère, which I took for granted was -the building we had seen in August, for coming upon it from behind, all -the water was hidden from me. I made my way from there to the French -garden without noticing the paths I took. - -On my return to Versailles I made careful enquiries as to whether the -band had been playing there that day, but was told that though it was -the usual day of the week, it had not played because it had played the -day before, being New Year’s Day. - -I told my French friends of my walk, and they said that there was a -tradition of Marie Antoinette having been seen making butter within the -Laiterie, and for that reason it was shuttered. A second tradition they -mentioned interested me very much. It was that on October 5th, -1789—which was the last day on which Marie Antoinette went to -Trianon—she was sitting there in her grotto, and saw a page running -towards her, bringing the letter from the minister at the palace to say -that the mob from Paris would be at the gates in an hour’s time. The -story went on that she impulsively proposed walking straight back to the -palace by the short cut through the trees. He would not allow it: but -begged her to go to the “maison” to wait whilst he fetched the carriage -by which she was generally conveyed back through the park, and that he -ran off to order it. - - F. L. - - _January, 1902._ - - - 1902–4. - -During the next two years very little occurred to throw light on the -story. The person living in Versailles to whom we had been directed as -having related the tradition of the Queen’s being at Trianon on October -5th, 1789, was unable to remember anything at all about it. The -photographs of the Belvédère made it clear that it was not identical -with the kiosk. On the many occasions on which Miss Lamont went to the -Trianon she could never again find the places,—not even the wood in -which she had been. She assured me that the place was entirely -different; the distances were much less than we had imagined; and the -ground was so bare that the house and the Hameau were in full view of -one another; and that there was nothing unnatural about the trees. - -Miss Lamont brought back from Paris _La Reine Marie Antoinette_, by M. -de Nolhac, and _Le Petit Trianon_, by Desjardins. We noted that M. de -Nolhac related the traditional story of the Queen’s visit, and that the -Comte de Vaudreuil, who betrayed the Queen by inviting her to the fatal -acting of the “Barbier de Séville” in her own theatre at Trianon, was a -Creole and marked by smallpox (pages 61, 212). Turning over the pages of -Desjardins I found Wertmüller’s portrait of the Queen, and exclaimed -that it was the first of all the pictures I had seen which at all -brought back the face of the lady. Some weeks later I found this -passage: “Ce tableau fut assez mal accueilli des critiques contemporains -qui le trouvèrent froid, sans majesté, sans grace. Pour la posterité, au -contraire, il a le plus grand mérite; celui de la ressemblance. Au dire -de Madame Campan, il n’existe de bon portrait de la reine que cette -toile de Wertmüller et celle que Madame Lebrun peignit en 1787” (page -282). - -In January, 1904, Miss Lamont went to the Comédie Française to see the -“Barbier de Séville,” and noticed that the Alguazils standing round were -dressed exactly like our garden officials, but had red stockings added. -This was interesting, as the Comédie Française is the descendant of the -Royal Private Theatre, and the old royal liveries worn by the -subordinate actors (who were, in earlier times, the royal servants) are -carefully reproduced at it. Also, she reported, that Almaviva was -dressed in a dark cloak and a large Spanish hat, which was said to be -the outdoor dress of French gentlemen of the period. - - E. M. - -On Monday, July 4th, 1904, Miss Lamont and I went to the Trianon, this -being my second visit. We were accompanied by Mademoiselle ——, who had -not heard our story. On the Saturday of the same week (July 9th) we went -again unaccompanied. - -Both days were brilliant and hot. On both occasions the dust, glare, -trams, and comers and goers, were entirely different from the quietness -and solitude of our visit in 1901. We went up the lane as at the first -time and turned to the right on reaching the building, which we had now -learnt to call the _logement des corps de gardes_. From this point -everything was changed. The old wall facing us had gates, but they were -closed, and the one through which we had seen the drive passing through -a grove of trees seemed to have been closed for a very long time. We -came directly to the gardener’s house, which was quite different in -appearance from the cottage described by Miss Lamont in 1901, in front -of which she saw the woman and the girl. Beyond the gardener’s house was -a parterre with flower-beds, and a smooth lawn of many years’ careful -tendance. It did not seem to be the place where we had met the garden -officials. - -We spent a long time looking for the old paths. Not only was there no -trace of them, but the distances were contracted, and all was on a -smaller scale than I recollected. The kiosk was gone; so was the ravine -and the little cascade which had fallen from a height above our heads, -and the little bridge over the ravine was, of course, gone too. The -large bridge with the _rocher_ over it, crossing one side of the lake at -the foot of the Belvédère, had no resemblance to it. The trees were -quite natural, and seemed to have been a good deal cleared out, making -that part of the garden much less wooded and picturesque. - -The English garden in front of the house was not shaded by many trees; -and we could see the house and the hameau from almost every point. -Instead of a much shaded rough meadow continuing up to the wall of the -terrace, there is now a broad gravel sweep beneath it, and the trees on -the grass are gone. Exactly where the lady was sitting we found a large -spreading bush of, apparently, many years’ growth. We did not recognise -the present staircase, which leads up to the north-west end of the -terrace, nor the extension of wall round which one has now to go in -order to reach the staircase. We thought that we went up to the terrace -from some point nearer to the house from the English garden. The present -exit from the French garden to the avenue was not so near the house as -we expected, nor was it so broad as we remembered it. - -To add to the impossibility of recalling our first visit, in every -corner we came across groups of noisy merry people walking or sitting in -the shade. Garden seats placed everywhere, and stalls for fruit and -lemonade took away from any idea of desolation. The common-place, -unhistorical atmosphere was totally inconsistent with the air of silent -mystery by which we had been so much oppressed. Though for several years -Miss Lamont had assured me of the change, I had not expected such -complete disillusionment. - -One thing struck me greatly—people went wherever they liked, and no one -would think of interfering to show the way, or to prevent anyone from -going in any direction. We searched the place at our pleasure. - -We went to the Hameau, following the path taken by Miss Lamont on -January 2, 1902. We tried to find the thick wood in which she had lost -her way, but there was nothing like it, and such paths as there are now -are perfectly visible from one another, even in summer. We asked a -gardener sweeping one of the paths whether that part of the grounds had -ever been a thick wood. He said he believed that it had been, but could -give us no date beyond the fact that it was before his time—more than -twenty years ago. - -On our return to Versailles, we went into a bookseller’s shop and asked -if he had any maps or views of the Petit Trianon as it had been in old -days. He showed us a picture (which he would not part with) of the Jeu -de Bague. We saw at once that the central building had some likeness to -the kiosk, but the surrounding part was not like, and its position was -unsuitable for our purpose. We enquired about the green uniforms of the -garden officials, and he emphatically denied their existence. He said -that “green was one of the colours of the royal liveries,” and when we -answered that three years before persons in long green coats had -directed us in the grounds, he spoke of it as “impossible, unless (he -added) they were masqueraders.” One of the _gardiens_ of the Palace also -told us that “green was a royal livery and that now only the President -had the right to use it on certain occasions.” - -We asked how long the gardens had been thrown open to the public and -people allowed to wander everywhere, and were told that “it had been so -for _years_,” and this evidently implied a great many years. - -The result of this visit was to make us take a graver view of the two -first visits, and we resolved to look into the matter as carefully as we -could, and to be entirely silent about the change of scenery until we -had explained it somewhat to ourselves. After some years, and in spite -of various false leads, we have been able to put together some very -interesting facts. The details of the search are recorded in a book -which, to us, goes by the name of the Green Book. It contains the -original papers written in 1901, the history of the gradual accumulation -of information, correspondence with one another and also with others on -the subject, the accounts written by one or two friends who have helped -us at different times, also pictures, maps, and lists of books -consulted, and the account of curious incidents which took place during -the search. - - E. M. - F. L. - - - - - CHAPTER II - SUMMARY OF RESULTS OF RESEARCH - - - The Plough - -The first incident in our expedition to Trianon in 1901 was that, after -passing the _logement des corps de gardes_, a small hand plough was seen -by Miss Lamont lying on the ground not far from some wide open gates in -an old wall opposite to us, through which we could see the stems of a -grove of trees, and a drive leading through it. - -In 1905 Miss Lamont was told by a gardener that no plough was kept at -Trianon; there was no need of one, as the government only required the -lawns, walks, water, trees, and flowers, to be kept up. - -In 1908 another gardener told us both that ploughs have entirely altered -in character since the Revolution, and it was not likely that the old -type would be seen anywhere in France now. - -It would seem that no plough was used ordinarily at Trianon even in old -days, for amongst a list of tools bought for the gardeners from -1780–1789, there is no mention of a plough.[7] - -We learned, in 1905, from Desjardins’ book, that throughout the reign of -Louis XVI. an old plough used in his predecessor’s reign had been -preserved at the Petit Trianon and sold with the king’s other properties -during the Revolution.[8] - -A picture of this identical plough, procured in 1907, showed that it had -handles like the one seen in 1901, but the cutting part was hidden in -the ground and could not be compared.[9] - -In the old map of 1783 there is ploughed land where later the Hameau was -built and the sheet of water placed: but there is none in the later -maps, nor any now to be seen in the grounds. - -[Illustration] - - - The Guards - -The second event was our meeting with two dignified, thoughtful-looking -officials, dressed in long green coats and three-cornered hats, holding -something in their hands which Miss Lamont wrote of in 1901 as possibly -being staves. In response to our enquiry for the Petit Trianon they -coldly directed us forward. - -There are no officials so dressed at Trianon now. At present they wear -black, with tricolour rosettes in their hats; in summer they have white -trousers. - -In 1904 we were told by fully-informed persons at Versailles that it was -“impossible” that we should have seen such uniforms, “unless they were -worn by masqueraders,” for green was a royal livery, and no one wore it -now at Trianon. - -Supposing them to have been masqueraders, the dress may have been that -of _gardes de la porte_. The ceremonial overdress of the _gardes de la -porte_, as was that of part of the _gardes du corps_ (_gardes de la -Manche_), was green, with gold and silver embroidery and red stockings: -they carried halberds.[10] But the officers had galon instead of -embroidery, and no red stockings: they carried an ebony cane with an -ivory ball.[11] - -The livery of the Comte d’Artois, who was _colonel-général_ of the -_gardes Suisses_ was green; and those of the _gardes du corps_ and -_Suisses_ who were in his service had green uniforms.[12] - -There is evidence of a much quieter dress without even _galon_, called -the “petite livrée,” which was probably green, as it was worn by the -_Suisses_, _piqueurs_, _gardes de la porte_, and the _garçons -jardiniers_.[13] The traditional dress of those royal servants who -filled the minor parts in the Royal Theatre at Versailles is still to be -seen at the acting of the _Barbier de Séville_ in the Comédie Française, -which is the descendant of the Royal Theatre. This dress (except for the -added red stockings) is the same as the one we saw in 1901. - -In 1908 we learned that the _porte du jardinier_ at the Petit Trianon -was always guarded ‘dans le temps,’ and that on October 5th, 1789, the -guards were two of the three Bersy brothers who, with Bréval, were -generally on duty whenever the Queen was in residence at Trianon. From -their writing and spelling they were evidently well educated.[14] In -1910 we found that they had the title of _garçons jardiniers de la -Chambre_, and they are said to have been stationed in “_la pepinière -proche la maison_.” The most ancient pepinière was close to the -gardener’s house. - - - Cottage, Woman, and Girl - -Whilst speaking to the two men, Miss Lamont observed on her right hand a -solidly-built cottage with stone steps, on which a woman in -old-fashioned dress was standing, handing something to a girl of about -13 or 14, who wore a white cap and skirts nearly reaching to her ankles. - -In 1904, Miss Lamont saw a picture resembling this cottage in its -general appearance in the Album de Trianon at the Bibliothèque -nationale. In 1908, she and a friend discovered such a cottage (more -than one) within the gates which were not far from the place where she -had seen the plough. These cottages were not in the right position for -our experience in 1901, but the type was the same. - -In 1907 we discovered from the map of 1783 that there was a building, -not now in existence, placed against the wall (outside) of the -gardener’s yard between the _ruelle_ and the _porte du jardinier_; if -our original route lay through this yard to the English garden, this -building would be exactly in the right place for Miss Lamont’s cottage. - -In September, 1910, we saw from marks on this wall that a building might -have stood here; for the cornice of the wall is broken into, and there -seems to be a perpendicular line from it to the ground visible through -the plaster. A photograph shows this. - -If the girl seen should be the “Marion” of Madame Julie Lavergne’s story -(first read in 1906), she would have been 14 years old in 1789, and her -mother was then alive. Her father’s house would have been near the -reservoir and not within the locked gates of any enclosure, for she let -herself out at night by an open window.[15] All this would suit the -position of the building in the map. - - - The Kiosk - -On our entrance into the English garden in 1901, we found our path -crossed by another, beyond which, in front of us but rather to the left -hand, stood a small circular building having pillars and a low -surrounding wall. It was on rough uneven ground, and was overshadowed by -trees. - -Repeated searches during seven years by ourselves and others have failed -to discover this building. - -In September, 1908, Miss Lamont found in the archives a paper (without -signature or date) giving the estimate for a “ruine” having seven Ionic -columns, walls, and a dome roof. (A “ruine” seems only to mean a copy of -an older building.) If the walls of this building were low it would -correspond in appearance with our recollection of the kiosk. This -“ruine” is said to have formed a “naissance de la rivière,” suggesting -its position above the small lake which fed the principal river.[16] A -piece of old water pipe is still to be seen on the north-western side of -the small lake. - -If this “ruine” and two others of those alluded to in the archives were -one and the same, there is additional reason for placing the columned -building in this part of the garden. I. In 1788 it is stated that rocks -were placed at intervals on a path leading from “la ruine” to the -“2^{ième} source du ravin” beyond the wooden bridge.[17] Desjardins -considers one of the “sources” to have been close to the theatre which -was at our right hand; this might have been the second spring.[18] II. -Mique states that in 1780 he placed a small architectural “ruine” above -the grotto. A note in the archives, dated 1777, speaks of the “porte -d’entrée au bout du grotte.”[19] If, as we believe, we had just passed -out of the gardener’s yard by this “porte d’entrée” we should have been -close to the earliest placed grotto. - -In 1909 two old maps were procured from Paris; in one, dated 1840(?), -there is something which may indicate a small round building placed on -the _rocher_ behind the Belvédère. The other map was reproduced from an -old one of 1705, but added to until a railway appears in it. In this map -below the name “pavillon de musique” (the Belvédère) is the name “Le -Kiosque.” It does not seem likely that a second name for the Belvédère -should be given, and it may therefore refer to something else which does -not appear in this map. Therefore the mere chance name which from the -first moment we gave to our building was justified by there having been -something called by that name exactly in that part of the garden. - -In 1910 we looked out this name in the best etymological French -dictionary and found that it was admitted to the French Academy in 1762, -as “pavillon ouvert de tous côtés”: and defined by Thévenot -(contemporary) as “kioch ou divan qui est maintenu de huit grosses -colonnes.” - - - The Man by the Kiosk - -On our first visit a dark-complexioned man, marked by smallpox, was -sitting close to the kiosk; he wore a large dark cloak and a slouch hat. - -Though we were assured in 1908 by a very good authority, that no -gentleman now living at Versailles would wear a large cloak either in -winter or summer, there might be nothing surprising in what we saw if -the kiosk could be found. But considering that it is gone, it is -historically interesting that we discovered in 1904 that there is one -man in the story of Trianon who exactly suits the description. - -Most of the intimate accounts of the period say that the Comte de -Vaudreuil was a Creole and marked by smallpox.[20] He was at one time -one of the Queen’s innermost circle of friends, but acted an enemy’s -part in persuading her to gain the King’s permission for the acting of -the politically dangerous play of _Le Mariage de Figaro_. The King had -long refused to allow it, saying that it would cause the Bastille to be -taken. The earlier version of the same play, _Le Barbier de -Séville_,[21] was last acted at Trianon (August 19th, 1785), just at the -beginning of the diamond necklace episode, when Vaudreuil took the part -of Almaviva and was dressed for it in a large dark cloak and Spanish -hat. - -In 1908 we found out from Madame Éloffe’s Journal (the Queen’s modiste) -that in 1789 the broad-brimmed hat had entirely displaced the -three-cornered hat, and was generally fashionable; also that swords were -no longer generally worn.[22] - -Vaudreuil left the court of France amongst the first party of émigrés -after the taking of the Bastille, July, 1789. - - - The Running Man - -Though we were surprised when the second man, also dressed in a large -cloak and hat, ran up to us and with extreme earnestness directed us to -go to the right rather than to the left, yet we merely thought his -manner very French; and as he said in the course of a rather long -unintelligible sentence “cherchez la maison,” we imagined that he -understood that we were looking for the house, and followed his -direction. We noticed that he stood in front of a rock and seemed to -come “either over, round, or through it.” - -[Illustration] - -The following year (1902), we learned that there was a tradition that on -October 5th, 1789, a messenger was sent to Trianon to warn the Queen of -the approach of the mob from Paris: that she wished to walk back to the -Palace by the most direct route, but the messenger begged her to wait at -the house whilst he fetched the carriage, as it was safer to drive back -as usual by the broad roads of the park. - -A local tradition affirming this has been embodied by Madame Julie -Lavergne in a volume entitled (unfortunately for historical purposes) -_Légendes de Trianon_. This particular scene in the story, called “La -Dernière Rose,” interested us greatly, for it seemed to come from an -eye-witness and recalled many of the points of our vision. The Queen, it -is said, had been walking with and talking to Marion (the daughter of an -under-gardener) before going to her favourite grotto. After remaining -there some time, and on growing alarmed at her own sad thoughts, the -Queen called to Marion and was surprised to see, instead of the girl, a -“garçon de la Chambre” suddenly appear, trembling in all his limbs. -After reading the letter brought to her from the Minister at the Palace, -the Queen desired him to order the carriage and to let Madame de Tourzel -know. The messenger bowed (as our man had done), and once out of sight, -ran off at full speed. The Queen followed him to the house.[23] - -Enquiries through the publisher, in 1907, as to Madame Lavergne’s -sources of information, elicited the fact that her informant as to every -detail of that scene had been Marion herself. This Marion, the -_Légendes_ tell us, afterwards married M. Charpentier, an -under-gardener, known in 1789 by the name of “Jean de l’Eau,” on account -of his bringing water daily from Ville d’Avray for the Queen’s table. He -afterwards became _jardinier en chef_, being appointed in 1805 by -Napoleon in succession to Antoine Richard.[24] - -The name “Charpantier” appears in 1786 amongst the “ouvriers -terrassiers,” who clear up sticks and leaves, plant flowers, and -rake.[25] - -In 1783, “Mariamne” received wages for picking up leaves in the Trianon -grounds;[26] this is quite possible, as children are said to have been -used for that work, and the absence of surname suggests that she was the -daughter of one of the gardeners. - -The marriage certificate of Alexandre Charpentier, in 1823, gives his -father’s name as Louis Toussaint Charpentier, and his mother’s name as -Marie Anne Lemaignan. The marriage certificate of these persons (from -which we should have learnt their age) is said to have been -destroyed.[27] - -In the wages book the names of two “Lemonguin” (elder and younger) -appear; also “Magny,” but not, so far as has been discovered, -Lemaignan.[28] If this Marie Anne Charpentier was 21 years old at her -son’s birth (November, 1796), she would have been eight years old in -1783, and 14 in 1789. This would suit the “Mariamne” of the Archives, -Madame Lavergne’s story, and the girl seen by Miss Lamont. - -Two more points show the faithfulness of “Marion’s” account of that -scene. Madame Lavergne (quoting her) says that “pale rays of autumn -sunshine lighted up the faded flowers.” It must, therefore, have been -fairly fine; and in the wages book it appears that on October 5th, 1789, -all the gardeners were at work _in the grounds_, and it is stated that -on wet days they worked under cover, sometimes clearing out the passages -of the house.[29] Secondly, she says that the Queen sat at the entrance -of her grotto, where fallen leaves choked the course of the “ruisseau.” -From entries of payment it appears that the streams were cleared of dead -leaves on October 1st, 2nd, and 3rd, 1789, but not on the 4th or 5th, or -ever again.[30] It is exactly a point which Marion would have noticed. - -Madame Lavergne lived at Versailles from 1838 till her marriage in 1844, -at which time Marion would have been 69; and as we believe that -Alexandre Charpentier was head gardener at the Petit Trianon for over -fifty years, his mother would have been easily accessible to Madame -Lavergne during her repeated visits to Trianon, even after her marriage. -Her father, M. Georges Ozanneaux, was a personal friend of Louis -Philippe, and was constantly about in the royal palaces.[31] - - -It is necessary to speak of the grotto; for Madame Campan says that the -Queen “était assise dans sa grotte ... lorsqu’elle reçut un mot -d’écrit ... qui la suppliait de rentrer à Versailles.”[32] Madame -Lavergne says “Marion se dirigea vers le parterre des rosiers, et la -Reine alla s’asseoir à l’entrée de sa grotte favorite, auprès de la -petite source. Les feuilles jaunies tombées des arbres couvraient la -terre et obstruaient le cours du ruisseau.... Le murmure de la petite -cascade qui arrose l’intérieur de la grotte, retentissait seul dans le -bosquet.... Effrayée d’être seule, elle appela Marion; mais, au lieu de -la jeune fille, un garçon de la Chambre ... parut, une lettre à la -main.”[33] The Queen cannot, therefore, have been many steps away from -the grotto, at one end or the other, when the messenger came to her. - -In 1908 we asked to be shown this grotto, and we were taken to one on -the further side of the Belvédère, near the hill called l’Escargot, -which was formed in 1781. We felt sure that this could not have been -either of the two grottos spoken of in the archives. - -In 1777 the end of one grotto is mentioned as being near the _porte -d’entrée_, “à la cloison de la porte d’entrée du jardin au bout du -grotte trois pottereaux et deux traverses.”[34] - -In 1777 there was a “projet d’un pont et chutte en rocher, avec -parapet.” This was probably a bridge (the Vergelay bridge?) over the -principal river where it issued from the larger lake. The river was made -at this time.[35] - -In June, 1780, a new “petite rivière” was planned to receive the water -drained from the “ravin de la grotte,” and to conduct it into the larger -lake. For this purpose a new grotto was made of a “forme ovale, ornée en -glaçon,” through which the “petite rivière” was to run. A “ravin du -petit pont” was also planned.[36] - -In August, 1780, masses of rock were procured, and the “petite rivière” -was begun, and also a hill was thrown up “pour couvrir la grotte.”[37] - -In September, 1780, “Bourdin a passé la journée ... à poser le deuxième -pont venant du coté de la grotte.”[38] This second bridge was probably -the present Rocher bridge, being the second placed over the lakes. -Neither of these two bridges would be the “pont de bois,”[39] and “la -conduitte en bois,”[40] two descriptions of, and identical with, the one -alluded to in the words “ravin du petit pont,” which was said to have -been erected on high ground “au dessus du Rocher du Ravin.”[41] - -In December, 1780, the work was finished: “Conduitte de l’exécution de -la grotte, petite rivière, et chutte d’eau retombante dans le grand lac, -autre petits ravins dans la montagne près du grand lac à la fin de la -petite rivière de la grotte.”[42] - -In 1781 a “montagne” was made “en face du jardin français—en face de la -comédie.”[43] - -In March and April, 1781, a hill called “l’Escargot” was piled -up[44]—beyond the Belvédère—and, presumably, a third and very small -grotto was made. The creation of the Escargot hill would have made the -“ravin” on the north side of the Belvédère, which is still visible, and -leads to the greater lake. - -There are several reasons why we think that the Queen’s grotto (the -second made) was on the theatre side of the Belvédère. - -1. D’Hezecques’ description of it in 1789 shows that, though a -“ruisseau” passed through it, persons could go freely out at both -ends;[45] whereas when water was passing down through the upper entrance -of the “escargot” grotto, no one could have used it at the same time: -there is only room for the water. - -2. He speaks of the “prairie” being visible from “une crevasse, qui -s’ouvrait à la tête du lit”; this would have been possible from a grotto -on the theatre side, but not on the other, as the “escargot” hill would -have been in the way. - -[Illustration] - -3. D’Hezecques describes a staircase which “conduisait au sommet de la -roche,” enabling persons to leave hurriedly. There is something like an -ancient rock staircase attached to the back of the large rock, giving -the name to the Rocher bridge. - -4. He says that the grotto was very dark on first entering, and -L’Espinasse’s picture of the Belvédère in 1783 shows the opening to a -cavern on its southern side close to the Rocher bridge,[46] which could -be truly described as “venant du coté de la grotte.” Could the rock out -of which the cavernous mouth was cut have been lifted over the long -bridge at some later time? for in L’Espinasse’s picture there is no such -rock over the bridge as there is now, and the cavern has disappeared. - -5. The map of 1783 represents (according to Desjardins) “le projet de -Mique complètement exécuté.” In it the figure (5) (indicating the -grotto) occurs both at the “escargot” and also on the theatre side of -the Belvédère. - -In September, 1910, Miss Lamont was asked whether she had seen a map of -the place recently placed in the front hall of the Petit Trianon, and -she said No. On going there she found the map, which had not been there -at any of her former visits, and saw that the grottos were put, as far -as she could judge, just where we had long ago, through elaborate -personal research, decided must be their real position. She could only -make this out by standing on the table amongst the books and -photographs, the map being hung too high to be easily seen. - - -Several further points of interest have emerged in connection with the -running man. - -1. In April, 1908, we learned that our being directed at all in the -grounds was unusual, for since September, 1870, they have been thrown -open until dark. The difficulty now experienced is to find a guide. - -2. He spoke of the “maison.” In 1907 we found out that the Queen was in -the habit of calling the Petit Trianon “ma maison de Trianon,” to -distinguish it from the Palace and the Chateau.[47] Louis XVI. had -presented it to Marie Antoinette on his accession. - -3. The Queen is reported by Marion to have addressed the messenger as -“Breton.”[48] This was not an uncommon name about the court and old -Versailles. The court almanack for 1783 shows that then the Queen had a -Page “de l’Écurie,” called “De Bretagne.” (The Pages de la Chambre -sometimes became “de l’Écurie” before receiving a commission or some -other office.[49]) He is not mentioned in the almanack of 1789, but (as -we know from other instances) it does not follow necessarily that he had -no office in the household. Madame Éloffe (the Queen’s modiste) mentions -a Mademoiselle Breton amongst the Queen’s women, who does not appear in -the almanack.[50] - -If “De Bretagne” was 16 years old in 1783, he would have been 22 in -1789,—just in the fresh young vigour suitable to our running man. - -The name “Breton” may have referred to his nationality only, for in -November, 1907, we discovered that the accent in which the man spoke to -us resembled the Breton accent, in which the consonants are strengthened -and the diphthongs broadened. - -In the autumn of 1909 we read the Baron de Frénilly’s _Souvenirs_, in -which it is stated that wigs were universally worn by gentlemen in -French society up till 1787. After that date powdered hair became the -general usage; the first person (M. de Valence) who ventured to appear -with unpowdered hair did so, apparently, in 1788, after which it became -a mark of extreme fashion.[51] - -The same was the case with buckled shoes. Gold, silver, stones, and -rosettes had been required for a gentleman’s dress ornaments; but after -the commercial treaty with England in 1786, steel was used for -everything. Buckled shoes are expressly mentioned as being very -fashionable in 1789, and there was, at that time, a rage for steel -ornaments.[52] - - - Bridge over Little Cascade - -Following the man’s direction, we turned to the right and walked over a -small rustic bridge which crossed a tiny waterfall coming from above us, -on our right hand, and flowing in front of a little rocky cliff with -ferns growing in the crevices. The water seemed to have formed a steep -narrow little ravine, which shelved away below us to a little glimmering -pool. - -Neither bridge, nor cascade, nor ravine can be found, or anything -suggesting them. In 1905 the person in charge at the house assured Miss -Lamont that there never had been more than one cascade, meaning the rush -of water under the Rocher bridge. The Rocher bridge is certainly not the -one we crossed, which was high above the level of the lakes. - -In 1907 we bought _Souvenirs d’un Page_ by the Comte D’Hezecques. He -says: “En face du chateau, une pelouse ... se terminait par une roche -ombragée de pins, de thuyas, de mélèzes, et _surmontée d’un pont -rustique_, comme on en rencontre dans les montagnes de la Suisse et les -précipices du Valais. Cette perspective agreste et sauvage rendait plus -douce celle ... de la troisième façade du chateau.”[53] - -He also speaks of water passing through the moss-lined grotto, which, -according to our idea, must have been below us, but close by on our -right hand.[54] Madame Lavergne writes of the “petite cascade” and of -the sound of it in the grotto.[55] - -In April, 1908, extracts from Mique’s accounts and plans for the Trianon -grounds were procured from the archives, giving the history of the -grottos. “Juin 4, 1780, fait un model en terre _du ravin du petit -pont_.”[56] “1788, Pièce au dessus du _Rocher du Ravin_ et ... passage -des voitures sur _le pont de bois_ ... Pièce à droite _en face du Rocher -du Ravin_.”[57] “Au long du chemin de l’emplacement de la Ruine _sur la -conduitte en bois à la deuxième source du Ravin_.”[58] The first source -was probably close to the “Ruine” (our kiosk?). The second “source” -might coincide with Desjardins’ “source,” which he places a few steps -from the _poulaillers_,[59] and was probably meant to feed the “petite -rivière,” which passed through the Queen’s grotto, carrying off the -water from the stagnant pool between the grottos to the larger lake.[60] -That would exactly agree with the position of our little cascade, small -bridge, and glimmering pool. - -In April, 1908, an old MS. map was found amongst such archive papers as -relate to the grottos, showing a small bridge in the right position -relatively to the lakes, the Rocher bridge, and the place where we -believe the Queen’s grotto to have been. - - - Isolated Rock - -In 1908 we found a mass of rocks standing in the dry bed of the small -lake. On one rock covered with ivy were two full-grown pine trees. It -seems unlikely that the trees should have originally been in the small -circular basin of water. - -D’Hezecques says that thuya and pine trees were planted high up over the -grotto to give it the appearance of a Swiss mountain.[61] The grotto was -destroyed about 1792, and it is possible that some of the rocks covering -it were displaced and allowed to slip into the lake below, and that the -present pine trees may have been seedlings at the time, for we are told -that the life of a pine tree is from 100 to 200 years old. - -In 1908 we noticed that at one side of this ivy-covered rock were -peculiar projections; one of these was broken off short, but the other -was intact. We thought they might once have formed supports for a small -bridge. - -Rocks are said to have been placed in 1788 at the “montagne des Pins à -gauche et en montant au Rocher.” “Montagne des Pins à droite en montant -au Rocher.”[62] - -In January, 1791, trees were torn up from the montagnes. - -In February, March, April, 1792, every few days occurs the entry: -“Journée à arracher les Thuja sur les montagnes.”[63] - -According to the old picture by L’Espinasse (1783), there was nothing -over the low long bridge between the two lakes, but there was by the -side of it, just where the grotto would have ended, a cavern in a -rock.[64] This is no longer there; but possibly the face of rock with -the cavern-like opening may have been lifted over the bridge, and -account for the very peculiar rock which is at present above the bridge, -causing it to be called the Rocher bridge. A rough rock staircase which -has no meaning is attached to this rock behind. D’Hezecques speaks of a -staircase as having been within the grotto leading up to its entrance on -the high ground on the montagnes—has it been moved to the lower end of -the grotto? - -There is now no isolated rock standing up as we saw it behind the -running man;—only mounds covered with shrubs and trees. But in the -archives there is a note saying that in 1788 rocks were placed in -various parts, and one is especially mentioned, “pièce donnant au bord -du lac de l’ancien côté des rochers ... _au long du chemin de -l’emplacement de la Ruine sur la conduitte en bois à la deuxième source -du Ravin_.”[65] This would have been the path we were on in 1901. - - - Pelouse - -It is easy to suppose that between the years 1901–4 trees were cleared -away from the rough ground on the north side of the house, which in 1901 -had given it the look of an orchard. So much was this the case that the -lady sitting under the north terrace was thought to be making a study of -tree stems; for she was looking into trees, and she held a large paper -in her hand, and, as we passed, held it out at arm’s length. - -At present there are trees on each side of the pelouse, and one growing -near the site of the old Jeu de Bague, but none growing in front of the -house, and it all looks drier, brighter, and less confined than in 1901. - -We have found two interesting mentions of this _pelouse_. - -Before the new theatre was built in 1779, the old _comédie_ stood on it -for three years. When the _comédie_ was moved it gave place to a -“pelouse parsemée d’arbres.”[66] - - - The Lady - -Nothing unusual marked the lady sitting on a low seat on the grass -immediately under the north terrace. I remember recognising that her -light-coloured skirt, white fichu, and straw hat were in the present -fashion, but they struck me as rather dowdy in the general effect. She -was so near us that I looked full at her, and she bent slightly forward -to do the same. - -I never doubted that we had both seen her, and three months after was -astonished to hear that Miss Lamont had not done so. That sounds simple -to others, to ourselves it is inexplicable. Miss Lamont had seen the -plough, the cottage, the woman, and the girl, which I had not; but she -is generally more observant than I, and there were other things to look -at. At this moment there was nothing to see on the right, and merely a -shady, damp-looking meadow on the left, and the lady was sitting in -front of the house we had come to see, and were both eagerly studying. -The lady was visible some way off; we walked side by side straight up to -her, leaving her slightly on the left hand as we passed up the steps to -the terrace, from whence I saw her again from behind, and noticed that -her fichu had become a pale green. - -The fact that she had not been seen at a moment when we were both a -little exercised by our meeting with the men,—one looking so unpleasant, -and the other so unaccountably and infectiously excited,—made a deep -impression. - -The legend that we heard the following winter of the Queen having been -occasionally seen sitting in front of the house in the English garden, -is of course incapable of proof; but three things were to us full of -interest. - -I. In 1902 I saw Wertmüller’s picture of the Queen, which alone of all -the many portraits shown me in any way brought back the face I had seen; -for the face was more square and the nose shorter. A few weeks later we -read that Madame Campan considered it almost the only picture of her -that was really like, though other people thought that it did not do her -justice. - -II. In April, 1908, we learned that there was only one time during the -Queen’s tenure of the Petit Trianon when she could have seen strangers -in her gardens, from which, in earlier days, the Court was entirely -excluded, and to which even the King only came by invitation. For four -months, after May, 1789, when the Court was carried off to Paris, the -public streamed in as it liked. So many came to see the place that had -been too much talked about, that the King and Queen had gone that summer -to Marly for a little rest and quiet. That was the time when -D’Hezecques, with one of the deputies, walked round and saw the grotto -and the little bridge. At the time the Trianon officials must have -learnt to treat strangers with cold politeness, but probably resenting -the necessity. This exactly accounts for the manner of the guards at the -_porte du jardinier_; they made no difficulty, and told us that we -should find the house by going that way, but in quite an unusual manner -for Frenchmen. It was mechanical and disengaged. - -III. In the summer of 1908 we read the Journal of Madame Éloffe (the -Queen’s modiste). She says that during the year 1789 the Queen was -extremely economical, and had very few dresses made. Madame Éloffe -repaired several light, washing, short skirts, and made, in July and -September, two green silk bodices, besides many large white fichus. This -agrees exactly with the dress seen in 1901. The skirt was not of a fresh -white, but was light coloured,—slightly yellowish. The white fichu in -front seemed to have an edge of green or gold, just as it would have -appeared if the white muslin, or gauze, was over green. The colour would -have shown more clearly at the back, but in front, where the white folds -accumulated, the green would have been less prominent. The straight edge -in front and the frill behind had often puzzled me, but in Madame -Éloffe’s illustrations of the fashions at that time there are instances -of the same thing. There is in the book a coloured picture of the green -silk bodice, with all the measurements to enable her to fit the Queen -perfectly.[67] - - - Jeu de Bague - -As we approached the terrace at the north-west corner of the house, we -had some barrier on our right hand entirely blocking the view, so that -we could see nothing but the meadow on our left hand, and the house with -its terrace in front. - -At present the pathway which curves towards the house, and is very -likely the old one, has a large bare space on the right hand with one -beautiful old tree growing on the edge of it; and from some way off one -can easily see across it to the chapel beyond the French garden. A long -piece of wall extends westward from the terrace, round which one has to -go into the French garden in order to find the staircase; whilst the -whole length of wall, including part of the north terrace, is hidden by -a large old spreading bush, completely covering the place where the lady -sat. - -Originally, we could not see the steps whilst on the path, but after we -had passed the barrier on our right hand we found them at once without -going round any wall. - -The map of 1783 shows us that the Jeu de Bague (put up in 1776) once -stood on what is now bare space. It was a circular building surrounded -by a wooden gallery, masked by trees. This would have completely shut -out the view, and the path was probably curved on its account. - -In 1907, we learnt that the Queen had a passage made under the terrace -from the house to the Jeu de Bague; and in 1908 we discovered the old -walled-up doorway leading into the English garden behind the bush. The -ground seems to have been a good deal raised since it was used. Four -feet to the right of this door, just at the point where the top of the -present staircase is reached, is a change of masonry, the rest of the -wall being plastered over. - -In 1910 we found that this extension of the wall was composed of rubble. -Perhaps it had been added to the stone terrace in the time of Louis -Philippe. If the present staircase is old, we could have reached it -easily from the English garden in the absence of the wall, but if it is -not old, and it is not indicated in Mique’s map, there may have been -something quite different—even steps turned northward towards the -English garden. - -In 1910 we also learned that the bush had been planted when the Duchesse -d’Orleans occupied the house. - -[Illustration] - - - The Chapel Man - -Whilst we were standing at the south-west end of the terrace above the -French garden, the door of a building at right angles to the house -suddenly opened, and a young man came out and slammed the door behind -him. He came to us very quickly along a level. His manner was jaunty and -imperious, and he told us that the only way to the house was by the -_cour d’honneur_. It was difficult to hear what he said. We thought at -once that we were trespassing and looked for some way down from the -terrace, upon which he constituted himself our guide, and with an -inquisitive, amused expression, went with us a little way down the -French garden, and showed us out into the avenue by a broad road. - -There is much to say about this incident. - -I. The man evidently did not mean us to stand on the terrace so near to -the house, and forced us to move away. He was the second person that -afternoon who had excitedly insisted on our going one way rather than -another; but now we know that since 1870 the gardens and terraces have -been made public until dark, and people walk about freely. No one has -ever stopped us since, nor can we hear of anyone else who has been -guided as we were. - -II. In 1905 we found that the building out of which the man came was the -old chapel, which is in a ruinous condition. - -In 1906, Miss Lamont had leave to go into the chapel, which she had to -enter from the avenue, there being no entrance from the garden. When -inside she saw that the door out of which he had come was one leading -into the royal gallery. The gallery now stands isolated high up on the -north wall of the chapel. Formerly, from inside, it was reached by a -door on a landing at the top of a staircase. This staircase is -completely broken down, and the floor of the landing is gone, so that -there is now no access to the gallery. The terrace door of the gallery -is bolted, barred, and cobwebbed over from age and disuse. The guide -said that the door had not been opened in the memory of any man there: -not since it was used by the Court. - -In April, 1907, Miss Lamont went again to the chapel, this time with two -companions. Their guide then told them that the doors had not been -opened to his knowledge for fifteen years, and the great door not since -it was used by the court of Louis XVI. “Moi, je suis ici depuis quinze -ans, et je sais que les portes ont été condamnées bien avant cela.” He -added that having the sole charge of the keys, no one could have opened -the doors without his knowledge, and smiled at the idea as he looked at -the blocked-up old doors. - -[Illustration: 1783] - -[Illustration: 1904] - -In August, 1907, two other friends went to the chapel and entirely -confirmed all that had been said about its ruined condition and the -impossibility of the great door having been opened in 1901. Their guide -told them that the big door had been Marie Antoinette’s private -entrance. The gallery was still standing and had two chairs on it of -gilt and old red velvet; but when they asked whether it was possible to -enter it, the guide laughed and pointed to the staircase. There was no -other entrance, he said, and the stairs had been in that condition for -the last ten years. They thought from the look of the stairs that they -had probably been so for much longer. - -In September, 1910, a fifth friend went to the chapel and bore witness -to the impossibility of the doors having been used in 1901, and was told -that the staircase had finally broken down fifteen years before. - -III. From Desjardins’ book we learned that the Queen’s concierge had -been Bonnefoy du Plan. He had rooms between the chapel and the _cour -d’honneur_ and kept his stores in a loft over the chapel, reached by the -now broken-down old staircase. The window of this attic still looks over -the French garden, and from it, in old days, he would have seen anyone -approaching the house from that side. The name of the _suisse_ (the -porter) in charge of the _porte du perron de la chapelle_ in 1789 was -Lagrange. His rooms were immediately behind the chapel, looking into the -avenue.[68] He could easily have been sent through the chapel to -interview strangers on the terrace. - -IV. We did not lose sight of the man when he came to us. As it is now he -must have gone quite out of sight, down one flight of steps outside the -chapel door, and (after passing under a high wall) have reached the -terrace (where we were standing) by a second set of steps. The present -wall of the chapel courtyard is so high as to hide half the door, and a -large chestnut tree in the courtyard hides it from the part of the -terrace on which we were,—even in winter. - -In April, 1907, we discovered that a continuous ground-floor passage -from the kitchens once passed the chapel door to the house. This set us -wondering as to whether there had ever been a pathway above it. The same -year we were told that the chapel courtyard round which the passage had -gone had been enlarged. - -In August, 1907, two friends reported to us and photographed a mark on -the outside of the courtyard wall, showing where it might at some time -have been raised. - -In March, 1908, another mark on the chapel was discovered, revealing -that there had once been an inner wall to the courtyard, which might -have been removed when the courtyard was enlarged. We also found out -that the levels were so different that the passage would have been -partly underground on the side of the French garden, but in the rez de -chaussée in the courtyard and where it flanked the cour d’honneur. We -noticed from the photographs that the bastion at the south-west corner -of the house in the cour d’honneur looked older than the top part of the -wall adjoining it above the chapel courtyard. - -In September, 1910, permission was given to enter this courtyard; when -within, it was definitely explained that above the kitchen passage there -had been a covered way, by which the Queen could enter the chapel from -the house in wet weather. The top of this covered way had been “de plain -pied,” joining the bit of terrace outside the chapel door to the terrace -by the house. This would have been the level way along which our man -came to us. - -The marks of the passage and covered way (forming the intervening piece -of terrace) were perfectly clear both on the inside of the present wall -and on the ground in the courtyard. The present balustrade adjoining the -bastion was probably placed when the old covered way was destroyed and -the outside wall was raised. It was also noticed that the round windows -in the bastion lighted the lower kitchen passage; but that those facing -the French garden, being on a higher level, lighted the covered way. - -The guide stated that the tree in the centre of the chapel courtyard had -certainly been planted after the days of the monarchy. - -V. The road from the garden to the avenue (through which the man ushered -us) was not far from the chapel, and was broad enough to admit a coach. -The present one is narrower and further to the west. - -In 1907, we read a note by M. de Nolhac in _Les Consignes de Marie -Antoinette_ in which he says that the old _porte de la ménagerie_ which -must have led from the avenue to the French garden is now lost, but that -it must have been “tout auprès des bâtiments de la Conciergerie et des -cuisines.”[69] We thought that perhaps it was the one we went by, and on -looking at Mique’s map of 1783 found a broad road dividing the kitchen -court into two parts. At present solid continuous buildings on the two -sides of the kitchen court show no sign of an entrance, though in two -places the roofs have a difference of level. - -In April, 1909, a Frenchman, who sold prints and seemed to be a -specialist in maps, said that Mique’s map was the only authoritative -one. - -In September, 1910, we learned from the first authority that Mique’s map -was “exact”: that the road found in it had certainly existed, and its -position relatively to the pond in the French garden was explained. A -search for some sign of it was at once made, and successfully. On the -garden side, not at all far from the chapel, the jamb of an old opening -still projects from the building, covered with ivy; and the stones on -the ground are laid, for a space of about twelve paces, the other way -from the stones on either side, evidently to make a carriage road. A -large rectangular stone was lying on the ground which might either have -been a step, or part of the second jamb. On the avenue side marks of an -opening of some sort can be traced through the plaster with which Louis -Philippe finished the buildings after restoring and also altering them. -The opening would have included two present windows not far from the -_porte de la bouche_, as the signs of it are visible on both sides of -the opening, and the space between is from twelve to twenty paces. - -Within the kitchen court the buildings have been so altered and -plastered over that no traces of change could be found. - -All the points corresponded with the recollection of the roadway through -which we had passed in 1901. - - - Two Labourers with Cart and Horse - -On her second visit, January 2nd, 1902, Miss Lamont saw, in the field -near the Hameau, two labourers, in brown tunics and bright-coloured -short capes, loading a cart with sticks. The capes hardly came below -their shoulders and had hoods: one was bright blue and the other red. - -In May, 1904, a search was made in the archives with the result that it -was clear that carts and horses for the purpose of tidying the grounds -were hired by the day in old times, and not kept in the farm for -constant use. In January, 1789, two men, instead of the usual one (“plus -un homme”), were hired “pour ramasser les loques des chenilles et les -brûler.”[70] - -In 1906 we discovered that the tunic and short cape were worn by the -bourgeoisie in the fourteenth century. - -In April, 1908, we had proof that the artisans were wearing them in the -eighteenth century, and that some of the working men at Trianon in 1776 -had “hardes de couleur.”[71] - -The entry in the wages book showed that up to 1783, from time to time -“une voiture à cheval, et un conducteur,” were hired for picking up -branches and sticks in the parks: but on _October 4th, 1789_, a cart -with two horses (almost certainly requiring two men) was hired _for -three days_ for the purpose.[72] - -In August, 1908, a former gardener, who had been at Trianon long enough -to remember both the Charpentiers, father and son, laughed at the idea -of such a dress being worn now at Trianon, as it belonged to the “ancien -régime.” He assured us that carts of the present day in France had -scarcely altered at all in type, and that the two now in use at Trianon -(which we found in a shed at the _ferme_) were of the old pattern. - - - The Wood - -Miss Lamont then went from the Hameau towards the small Orangerie. -Whilst on the ascending path she saw, on looking back, a man passing in -front of, or in, a distant plantation on his way to the Hameau. He was -dressed in the cloak and hat we had seen the previous summer. - -She then descended to the low ground in front of the Belvédère and -crossed one of the bridges over the principal river (not the Rocher -bridge, but possibly the Vergelay bridge). After going forward a little -she turned, meaning to go back to the Hameau, and recrossed either the -same bridge, or the next one which is very near the Vergelay. She -immediately found herself in a wood of very tall trees, with such high, -thick undergrowth that (even though it was winter) she could not see -through it. Well-kept paths opened at intervals right and left at -different angles, and they gave the impression of being so arranged as -to lead round and round. She had the feeling of being in the midst of -crowds passing and repassing her, and heard voices and sounds of -dresses. On looking back she found the view as completely blocked as it -was in front and to the sides. After vainly pursuing the confusing paths -for some time, she found herself close to the hill leading to the -Orangerie. - -In 1904 and in 1908 we tried to find this wood, without results. There -are open plantations, but they have no undergrowths concealing paths -from one another, even in summer. Several people have gone independently -to look for the wood, but have not found it. - -In 1905 Miss Lamont was told by the chief authority that in this -direction trees had been thinned and not replaced. - -The entries in the archives indicate that there must have been woods -near by in which paths were cut for the Queen; it is also likely that -the older woods, such as _Les Onze Arpents_, are not referred to; for -when these plantations were made thousands of lower shrubs were bought -to be placed under the trees, which were paid for by the King.[73] In -the gardeners’ wages book, the gathering up and occasional burnings of -undergrowths in a wood (apparently in this part of the garden) are -alluded to.[74] - -In Mique’s map (1783) the wood with its diverging paths can be plainly -seen. It is approached by the two bridges over the river, and stretches -towards the hill on which the Orangerie stands. - - - The Music - -Whilst in the wood Miss Lamont heard sounds of a band of violins -drifting past her from the direction of the house. The sounds were very -soft and intermittent, and were lower in pitch than bands of to-day. She -could afterwards write down from memory about twelve bars, but without -all the inner harmonies. - -She ascertained immediately afterwards that no band had been playing out -of doors that afternoon at Versailles. It was a cold, wet winter’s -afternoon. - -In March, 1907, the twelve bars were shown to a musical expert, who said -(without having heard the story) that the bars could hardly belong to -one another, but that the idiom dated from about 1780. He found a -grammatical mistake in one bar. After hearing the story, he said that -bands in the eighteenth century were lower in pitch than they are now. -He suggested the name of Sacchini. - -In March, 1908, Miss Lamont and a friend were told in Versailles that no -bands had been allowed to play in the park in winter until 1907. They -also ascertained that no music played at Versailles, or in the park, -could have been heard at Trianon. - -In the same month they searched through a great deal of unpublished -music in the Conservatoire de Musique at Paris, and discovered that the -twelve bars represented the chief motives of the light opera of the -eighteenth century, excluding Rameau and his school, and that, as far as -they could discover, nothing like them occurred in the opera of 1815 -onward. They were found in Sacchini, Philidor, Monsigny, Grétry, and -Pergolesi. Grammatical mistakes were found in Monsigny and Grétry. - - _Sacchini._ - - “Dardanus.” General likeness. - - “Œdipe à Colone.” Number 6. Two bars intact in the key - answering to that heard in 1902, allowing for the rise of a - semi-tone, which had taken place since the eighteenth century. - This was proved by later editions of operatic music, in which - the songs were dropped a semi-tone to retain the original key. - - _Philidor_ in a collection of single airs (Rigaudons, 1767)—the - cadence. - - “Le Maréchal Ferrand”: repetition of single notes, the first bar - of the melody, and many other hints of likeness. - - _Duni._ 1765. The same general characteristics, but no exact - resemblance. - - _Monsigny._ - - “Le Roi et le Fermier.” Written for performance at the opening of - the new theatre at the Petit Trianon, August 1, 1780, when the - Queen first acted herself. Up to 1908 it had not been - republished. In it the figure of the first of the twelve bars - was found. - - “Le Déserteur.” No published edition was found after 1830. In one - published before that date the last three bars of the music - were found, and the melody of the first bars was assigned to - the second violins, and very freely, in inversions and - variations, in other places. The character of the - accompaniment was reminding. - - Thirds and sixths constantly occur in Monsigny’s music. - - _Grétry._ The same phrases were used and the ascending passage was - found. Also, hidden consecutive fifths. - - _Pergolesi._ - - “Largo and Andante in D.” Similar phrases were used. - - - The Tall Gardener - -Miss Lamont then went along the upper path, and when between the -Escargot hill and the Belvédère, she met a very tall gardener of -apparently great strength, with long muscular arms. She thought that -with his long hair and grizzled, untidy beard and general appearance, he -had the look of an Englishman rather than a Frenchman. - -He was dressed in a rough knitted jersey, and a small dark blue round -cap was set at the back of his head. She enquired where she should find -the Queen’s grotto, and he walked a little way beside her to show her -the way. - -Miss Lamont expected to have to turn back to the present grotto, and -when she remarked that they were going past the Belvédère, he replied -firmly that they _must_ go past the Belvédère, and said that it was -necessary to have been born and bred in the place to know the way so -that “personne ne pourrait vous tromper.” - -It appears that from 1870 onwards the gardeners at Trianon have been -selected from the technical schools, and that it is now a matter of -competition, no one being appointed simply because he was born and bred -there. We do not know whether this is the case with the under-gardeners; -nor whether the tall gardener was a chief official or not. - -In August, 1908, we were told by a former gardener that their dress now -is the same as the traditional dress of the ancien régime, viz., a rough -knitted jersey with a small _casquette_ on the head. - -In the old weekly wages book there appears, for several years, the name -“l’Anglais”—probably a nickname.[75] He must not be confused with John -Egleton, who remained at Trianon only a few months, and whose wages were -settled on his departure by a bill which is still in existence, but is -not in the wages book.[76] - - -We owe our researches as to the position of the Queen’s grotto almost -entirely to the tall gardener’s decided directions and guidance to the -part of the English garden between the Belvédère and the _montagnes_ -close to the theatre. - - E. M. - F. L. - - _September, 1910._ - - - - - CHAPTER III - ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS WHICH WE HAVE BEEN ASKED - - -1. One of us has to own to having powers of second sight, etc., -deliberately undeveloped, and there are psychical gifts in her family. -She comes of a Huguenot stock. The other is one of a large and cheerful -party, being the seventh daughter and of a seventh son; her mother and -grandmother were entirely Scotch, and both possessed powers of -premonition accompanied by vision. Her family has always been sensitive -to ghost stories in general, but mercilessly critical of particular ones -of a certain type. - -2. Both of us have inherited a horror of all forms of occultism. We lose -no opportunity of preaching against them as unwholesome and misleading; -because they mostly deal with conditions of physical excitement, and -study of the abnormal and diseased, including problems of disintegrated -personality which present such close analogy to those of insanity. We -have the deepest distrust in, and distaste for, stories of abnormal -appearances and conditions. We find narratives of _revenants_ -unconvincing, and studiously avoid (as utterly lowering) all -spiritualistic methods of communication with the dead. We have never had -the curiosity, or the desire, to help in the investigations of psychical -phenomena. - -3. We belong to no new schools of thought: we are the daughters of -English clergymen, and heartily hold and teach the faith of our fathers. - -4. We are quite certain that neither of us exerted any conscious -influence over the other; for though we saw much in common, yet each had -independent vision. We should think it wrong either to exercise, or to -submit to, influence of that nature. We are independent people and -accustomed to stand on our own feet. - -5. Our condition at the time was one of perfect health and enjoyment of -a holiday in the midst of very hard work. - -6. We were entirely ignorant of the history and traditions of the place, -and continued our conversation about other things after every -interruption. We did not even know that we were in the grounds of the -Petit Trianon until we saw the house. - -7. At the time Miss Lamont thought that there was something unusual -about the place and was puzzled; the same idea returned to her -occasionally during the following week. Miss Morison put her feeling of -oppression down to some physical fatigue in herself, and so said -nothing; for we did not know one another very well at that time, were in -the relation of hostess and guest, and neither of us thought of -enlarging on uncomfortable sensations. After some days, when Miss -Morison was writing an account of the expedition, she thought it over -with care, and realised that her sensations had not been caused by -fatigue, but had produced fatigue. She became convinced that the -oppression had been due to some unusual cause in the place itself, and -instantly turned to Miss Lamont and said so. Miss Lamont agreed. We then -discussed the man by the kiosk and the running man, but said that there -was much besides which had caused dreamy depression. Miss Morison -returned to her letter and wrote down: “We both think that the Petit -Trianon is haunted.” - -When we met next (three months later) we talked it over again, and -finding that Miss Lamont had not seen the lady, and that Miss Morison -had not seen the plough, cottage, woman, or girl, we resolved to write -separate accounts of our visit in order to find the discrepancies, but -with no idea of making exhaustive histories. These papers are still in -existence. Miss Lamont, in her story, used the words “uncanny” and -“eerie” to describe her feelings, but they did not mean that she had the -least idea at the time that any of the people encountered were unreal or -ghostly; this was still more true of the scenery. - -8. During the next three years, Miss Lamont repeatedly took parties of -girls over the Trianon, and she reported that the place was changed; but -Miss Morison could not believe it, and even made maps to remind her what -their old route had been. After Miss Morison had paid a second visit to -Trianon in July, 1904, and had found out for herself that the place was -entirely changed, it was resolved to undertake a personal research into -the matter, and to say no more until we had discovered for ourselves -whether our vivid recollections of the people and the place tallied with -any ancient reality or not. - -Up to that time we had told the story freely, with the result that we -have constantly traced it inaccurately reported in histories, sometimes -purporting to have come from other sources, and even in newspapers and -small periodicals. After research had begun to yield interesting -results, we were obliged to be silent, finding that publicity prevented -our getting at evidence. - -We are very busy people, and have refused to let the incident take a -prominent place in our time, interests, or fancy, though from the first -we agreed to lose no given opportunity of elucidation. The evidence has, -therefore, come slowly; but the manner in which it has come has often -been a source of surprise. If a helpful person came in our way, we -showed the whole thing: if we were casually asked if certain reports -were true, we confirmed them (when we could), but said nothing further. -We were anxious to wait until we had exhausted every possible means of -satisfying ourselves as to the exact amount of interest attaching to the -story; and it was several years before we had to believe that we had -seen the place as it had been a hundred years before, and as it had not -been, in several important particulars, since 1835. The research had -been undertaken with the idea of _disproving_ the suggestion that -anything unusual had happened, for we were resolved not to deceive -ourselves or anyone else, if personal industry could prevent it. - -9. In the course of the last four or five years, Miss Lamont has -searched for evidence bearing on the story (either by word or picture) -in the Archives nationales, in the library, museum, Mairie, and Archives -departmentales at Versailles: also in the libraries Nationale, Hôtel de -Ville, and in the Musée Carnavalet, and in the Conservatoire de Musique -at Paris. She has poked about in French book and print shops, and must -have seen a large number of the originals of the published plans, -illustrations, and accounts of the place. We believe that there is not -likely to be any striking documentary evidence other than we have dealt -with. - -10. The historical interest of the story seems to depend on the truth of -the tradition that the Queen went to Trianon on October 5th, 1789. We -can find no negative evidence of this, but extremely little which is -both affirmative and trustworthy. Madame Campan’s short statement -remains the basis of other people’s longer and more detailed narratives. -General La Fayette’s full account of the day was burned by his wife -during the Terror. Count Fersen’s memoirs were also partly destroyed. -The Abbé Bossuet had Madame de Tourzel’s careful history of that day -burned; but in the published memoirs she says that she was in residence -that day at Versailles, as _Gouvernante des enfants de France_; she does -not mention having gone to Trianon, as implied by Marion’s story, but it -is still possible. Most French historians now adopt Madame Campan’s -statement, but (in the words of one of them) “with some doubts.” It is -worth mentioning that many later historians insert the fact (though it -is not recorded by Madame Campan) that “the Queen was accompanied by a -single valet.” Is this a tradition? - -11. We do not believe in anniversaries in the usual sense. We have -tested both our days (August 10th and January 2nd), going, as far as -possible, under the same circumstances, without any result at the Petit -Trianon. Yet it is possible that if we entered into an act of memory, it -may well have been first made on the terrible 10th of August, 1792, -though the memory itself was occupied (in the central place) with the -events of October 5th, 1789. The dress of the messenger was more -suitable for October than August. At the same time Vaudreuil left France -the previous summer and cannot have sat in the Trianon woods after the -taking of the Bastille, July 14th, 1789. - -There is an incoherence about both the large and small incidents which -seems to require combination within a single mind, and the only mind to -which they could all have been present would have been that of the -Queen. Our theory of 1901, that we had entered within the working of the -Queen’s memory when she was still alive, is now enlarged. We think that -the two first visits to Trianon (August 10th, 1901, and January 2nd, -1902) were part of one and the same experience; that quite mechanically -we must have seen it as it appeared to her more than a hundred years -ago, and have heard sounds familiar, and even something of words spoken, -to her then. - -Having been for two most trying years confined to Paris, and (excepting -for a visit to St. Cloud) through two hot summers, and being in the -midst of the tumultuous horrors of the great tenth of August, she may, -as the day wore on, and she grew more used to her miserable position in -the Hall of the Assembly—where she sat for eighteen hours—have fancied -(in memory) the grounds at Trianon more spacious than they really were; -and have seen the trees, as one sees trees in recollection, like a -picture without life, depth, or movement. In rêverie her mind may have -wandered from the familiar sight of the two Bersys at the gate, to the -little vision of two men gathering up garden rubbish into a cart (which -we know happened on October 5th, 1789, as well as one day during the -last winter she spent at Versailles), and which—without any reason—had -remained in her mind. She may have thought of the place as it was during -that year of the meeting of the States-General when the grounds were, -for the first time, thrown completely open to the public, and intruding -strangers could be seen there. Or she may have gone back to the earlier -years and the pleasant afternoons when the band played on the _pelouse_ -in front of the house, and to the excitement of acting in the little -theatre with her special friends, perhaps letting herself realise the -unkindness of the pressure put upon her by Vaudreuil to have the acting -of the _Mariage de Figaro_ authorised. - -How naturally the thought of him would have formed one picture in her -mind with the memory of the last scene, when she was hurriedly summoned -from Trianon, never to return! For she may very likely have supposed all -that she was suffering to have been more exclusively the result of her -own former mistakes than could have been just, and have been going over -them in her mind. - -On our return to Paris on the day of the original visit to Trianon, when -undoubtedly her image was uppermost in our thoughts, and the -recollection of her terrible end was hardly to be endured, the recurring -consolation to Miss Morison was, “She has forgiven it all now, and knows -the true meaning of the French Revolution on both its good and bad -sides, and also the exact proportion of her own part in it.” But the act -of memory which had so strangely and mechanically clung to the place, -with which we had, perhaps, been associated in the grounds, was -incoherent and pictorial. It was oppressive to us because it represented -a more limited view of those times than after a hundred years we have -learnt to take of them, and was far more limited than any thought the -Queen can have about them now. - -12. Our answer to the suggestion that we were in a state of suspended -consciousness is that our conversation and sense of the quiet continuity -of things remained unbroken, and, in spite of oppression, believed -ourselves to be particularly wide awake and on the alert. When we were -first asked whether the man from the side building was real or not, we -laughed at the idea of any unreality; all was so quietly natural that we -are still uncertain whether the tall gardener belonged to another -century or not. It has taken us nine years to work out all the details -which bear witness to the strangeness of what we saw and did, and to -justify us in our present conviction, that from the moment of our -leaving the lane until we emerged into the avenue we were on enchanted -ground. - -13. The theory of coincidences would have to be considerably strained to -cover more than twenty points quickly succeeding one another. - -14. In the municipal records kept in the Library at Versailles there is -a list of fêtes in the grounds. Miss Lamont has examined it carefully. -There had been one for which people had been dressed in Louis XVI. -costume in June, 1901, but there is a note to say that it had been -confined to the Hameau. There was none in August, 1901. We know that -since 1901 there have been fêtes in the grounds with scenes in -character, so that other people may have come across them; an -examination of the records as to dates would probably reveal such -possibilities. - -In the same catalogue notices are made of photographs taken of -historical groups at fêtes; there had been some in connection with the -June fête, and “Otto” was mentioned by name. On enquiry Otto wrote that -he had not taken “l’ensemble de la fête, c’était des groupes de jeunes -filles, et des dames séparément.” “Dufayel” took pains to look the -matter up, and Miss Lamont and one of his employées went all through his -lists and books of specimen photographs, and found that he had not taken -any photographs at Trianon between 1900 and 1906. He recommended -enquiries at Pierre Petit’s, as Petit would have Lafayette’s as well as -other photographers’ pictures. No photographs of the scenes we wanted -were to be heard of there, and Pierre Petit wrote afterwards that his -only photographs at Trianon had been taken in 1900 for the Exhibition. - -It has been suggested to us that our story can be explained by people -posing for a cinematograph in order to register the scene of the -messenger running to the Queen, whilst something further has been said -of a girl sweeping up leaves as forming part of the group. Naturally, -from the first, we had thought of some such explanation, but had -rejected it as insufficient. We did not see the man running; we only -heard him; then he suddenly appeared, standing close to us, and -addressed us personally, earnestly, and with excitement. As a scene it -would have been nothing; we saw no Queen, and no girl sweeping up -leaves. He remained by us until we turned away from him. The -cinematograph theory does not explain how it was that he came over and -stood with his back against rocks of considerable size piled on one -another, when rocks have not been there for nearly a hundred years, -though we find that they had been placed in that part of the garden in -1788. Nor does it explain how it was that both before and during the -man’s coming we were both gazing at a kiosk which is not now in -existence, though both rocks and kiosk we found out years after to have -made part of the original scenery in 1789. Not a word is hinted about -the little bridge over the ravine, and the little cascade close by, all -being essentials both to our, and, we believe, to the original story. We -suspect the explanation to be simply that we had not talked about them -at first, not knowing their significance till later, and so they have -not got into any widely-spread story. We know from the archives that the -streams were not cleared from leaves after October 4th, 1789, and that -“Mariamne” is only mentioned as having been paid for work in the grounds -in _1783_, as one of several children so occupied. - -If masqueraders were posing as guards at the _porte du jardinier_, the -cinematograph idea does not explain the reappearance of the old cottage -close by, in its former position as placed in Mique’s map of 1783. If -the part of the Queen was being acted, what of the orchard of trees we -saw her looking into, not now in existence; also, what is the account of -the barrier at our right hand screening off the present view and exactly -answering to the old enclosure of the Jeu de Bague? - -The cinematograph does not explain the man who opened the great door of -the chapel, easily banging it behind him as he came out; for in 1907 the -people living in the place believed that it had not been opened since -the days of Louis XVI., and the keeper of the key knew that even the -door of the landing had not been opened for fifteen years. How was the -wall lowered, which now largely hides the great door from the terrace, -and makes it necessary to go down one flight of steps and up another, -whereas we saw the man coming along a level, in full view, from the -moment of his opening the door until he reached us standing on the -terrace outside the window of the _antichambre_?[77] - -A cinematograph would not explain the reappearance of the old wood in -all its denseness; nor the rapid disappearance of the cart and horse in -an open field; nor the music, which, six years later, was found to be a -piecing together of eighteenth century operas. - -No amount of masqueraders explains to us the ease with which we -dismissed from sight and hearing the usual August crowds in the middle -of a fine afternoon, and the impossibility of harmonising our -recollections of the scenery with anything but the old maps and records. -Certainly none of the persons we met were being photographed at the -moment, or we must have seen it; and had scenery been erected for the -purpose, we must have observed such large artificial arrangements; there -would probably have been sightseers; and, presumably, the fact of -anything so considerable would have been in the catalogue. - -Even should it be proved that a cinematograph had been taken that very -day, it would not be a possible explanation to us. The groups we saw -were small and isolated from one another. There was the deepest silence -everywhere, and no sunshine; whilst the light was the worst possible for -a picture, for the sky was overcast. And though whilst we stood there an -indefinable air of strangeness dropped over everything, including the -tall forest trees, it was not of a kind that could be accounted for by -fictitious scenery. The people moved and spoke as usual, but their words -were extraordinarily difficult to catch. - -In September, 1910, the question of such representation was settled by -an enquiry of the authorities. No leave to take cinematographs had been -granted in August, 1901. The fête had been on June 27th, and the -photographs of it had been taken sufficiently near the time to be -published in the July number of _Versailles Illustré_. Not one of the -pictures in this number is in the least like what, we saw either in the -matter of subjects, costumes, or places. The inaccuracy is so great, -that in an article in the same magazine the scene of the messenger -coming to the Queen is transferred from the grotto to the Hameau, though -the sole authority for the tradition places it at the grotto. - -15. During the last five or six years much research into topographical -and archæological details has been made by the newly-formed “Société des -amis de Versailles,” probably from the same archives examined by Miss -Lamont, so that many points of likeness to what we saw may soon -reappear. Old music with old-fashioned instruments is now frequently -introduced at summer fêtes at Trianon. Even the water arrangements in -our part of the garden seem likely to be altered, and the little cascade -may yet be seen again. At the beginning of 1910 Miss Lamont saw -engineers searching for the first and second _sources_, and in the -following autumn she found iron grids placed on the ground near the -positions we had allotted for them; but nothing had been altered up to -September, 1910. We are most curious to know whether the restorations -will be exactly according to our recollections of the scenery or not. - -16. Stories retailing just so much of our own as we had first talked -about are constantly being repeated to us; some with the little -additions we can recognise as our own early surmises; generally with the -omission of points we did not know to be interesting until later; and -often with all the muddles arising from the attempt to shorten a long -story, with a few unauthorised additions and explanations thrown in. -These stories are told to us as being the property of persons we have -never heard of. We have constantly enquired on what authority they rest, -and, if there is any at all, we have not infrequently been able to -discover the track they have followed from us back to us again. - -17. We do not think that deception explains it. If we were deceived in -one, two, or three points, could we have been in all? For out of them we -have been able to reconstruct the story of Trianon in many tiny details, -the truth of which we have had to discover for ourselves. - -18. We are constantly asked why we, of all people, should have had such -an adventure? We are equally puzzled; and have come to think that it may -not be so unusual as it seems. We can imagine that people, even if they -suspected anything unusual (which they might easily not do), may have -thought it best not to follow it up. The peculiarity in our case may -simply have been that two persons were equally able to consider the -circumstances, and did do so: that we found there was available -evidence, and that we had the opportunity for obtaining it. - -19. Certain unusual conditions were present. - -(1) Two people in broad daylight, good health, and normal conditions, -were equally able to bear witness to the facts, yet not in the manner of -thought transference between each other, for they did not see alike in -every point. - -(2) Some of the facts were so small that no historical knowledge, -however dim, could have suggested them. - -(3) They concerned such well known historical personages that much -documentary proof as to the reality of the incidents is accessible; yet, -in some particulars, they are of such a nature as to be incapable of -reproduction by any tricks of scenic effects; and some of the evidence -found in the archives had, to all appearance, not been disturbed since -its collection by the National Assembly until Miss Lamont in 1904 undid -the old fastenings that had stuck together through age and disuse: for -instance—much of the evidence about the gardeners taken from the wages -book. - - E. M. - F. L. - - _September, 1910._ - - - - - CHAPTER IV - A RÊVERIE - - - A Possible Historical Clue - -To find the causes of the universal movement, which for convenience we -call the French Revolution, one should be a trained historian, -philosopher, and theologian, and be able to pass in review and justly -estimate the aspirations for political consolidation, greater individual -responsibility, and the revolt against Papal tyranny over consciences, -as they had been working in all European countries for many centuries. -To find the causes for the particular form which this universal -development took in France, it would be necessary to weigh the moral, -social, and political (including the fiscal) tendencies of earlier -generations. This would be manifestly impossible in a paper dealing with -the revolution in France as it may have appeared to a single mind, on -one special day, at a time of great mental excitement. There can be no -doubt that Marie Antoinette was the innocent victim of a world-wide -upheaval in the moments when men were first consciously developing it, -and we can well believe that to herself the reasons for such reversals -of older thoughts seemed inscrutable; whilst she would have vainly -sought, in reflecting over her own mistakes, for grounds sufficient to -justify the enormous misfortunes which overwhelmed her personally. - -The tenth of August, 1792, was a marked day in the history of the French -Revolution. The tide of French democratic reaction against the -ever-increasing selfishness of privilege, and the inability of the -rulers to sympathise with the growing desire for greater freedom and -less personal government, had been gathering force with constantly -increasing momentum; and on this day Louis XVI. virtually relinquished -all independence as Head of the State by surrendering himself, for the -sake of the safety of his family and to save France from the crime of -massacring its King, into the doubtful care of the Legislative Assembly. - -That Assembly grew out of the States-General which had been convened by -the King, May 5th, 1789, at one of the critical moments when the -dissatisfaction of the nation with its financial conditions produced -keen anxiety to the Court; and it had (on another epoch-making day of -that unrestful period) refused, on June 23rd, 1789, to be dissolved by -mandate of the King. From that moment the National Assembly had become -the centre of the reforming party in France. Louis XVI., as King, did -not seem to stand in the way of the wishes of the nation as expressed by -the Assembly. He appeared to be willing to forego more of his -prerogatives than was compatible with the existence of monarchy as -understood in France; but, it was believed, the Queen was of a different -opinion and desirous of upholding the ancient monarchical idea as a -practical force, which at that time, in spite of the King’s amiability -and absence of policy, could not be otherwise than hostile to the still -vague, but unbounded, aspirations of the democratic party. “Madame Veto” -had that influence over the King due to a strong personality and her -position as a much loved wife; upon her, therefore, fell the wrath of -the nation. It was instinctively recognised that as a wife and mother -she had every reason to desire the continuance of things as they were, -and the people quickly interpreted every act of vacillation on the -King’s part to the Queen’s active enmity to the rising forces of -democracy. - -It was on August 10th, 1792, that the Legislative Assembly was made to -realise another function belonging to it beyond that of fighting the -prerogatives of the King and of the aristocracy. In such a restless age, -and in such a country as France, it was impossible to suppose that the -outspoken longings of philosophers, poets, and statesmen for freedom, -should not stir up the hope of freedom from all authority and restraint -whatever in the lowest stratum of society. The lengths to which the mob -in Paris could go had, during the last three years, shown itself on -isolated occasions, but with increasing frequency and savagery. Both mob -and Assembly were animated by the same desire, viz. to make monarchy in -France absolutely helpless to withstand their will. The Assembly was -trying to bring it about with some appearance of constitutional decency, -without apparently perceiving that unless the King was allowed to banish -himself, a discrowned monarch without any _raison d’être_ whatever in -the country inevitably meant his ultimate, and perhaps speedy, -disappearance by death. The mob saw its policy more clearly, and was -ready to get rid of him and the Queen by instant murder. - -Thus, on the morning of August 10th, the Legislative Assembly had the -double part to play of continuing its assault on privilege whilst -protecting the royal family from destruction. - -When, at some moment between 7 and 9 a.m., Louis XVI. and Marie -Antoinette entered the Manège in which the Council met, there was, at -first, some attempt at restrained courtesy showing itself in the grave -assurance of protection in reply to the King’s request, and also in half -an hour’s doubt as to where he should sit down. But the Assembly was -entirely aware of its victory in this act of unconditional surrender on -the part of the King, and would allow no royal guards of any description -to enter. There was a short alarm lest it should have to defend itself -against the cannon of the insurgents, the sound of firing approaching -nearer to the building than the nerves of some of the deputies could -sustain with calmness.[78] But the mob had not yet realised that it had -the upper hand, and was content to believe that the protected King was -the imprisoned King, and only continued to howl ferocious threats -outside the _grilles_. - -If the Assembly did not immediately see its way to the definite -imprisonment of the Sovereign, neither did it choose that the royal -party should sit on its own benches, so it ordained that they should be -placed in the _logographie_—the reporter’s room—a sort of den not far -from the President’s chair, open to the Manège and within sight and -hearing of all that passed, but without dignity or decent comfort.[79] -Here, without apparently any opportunity for resting or meals, the King, -Queen, Princess Elizabeth, Madame Royale, and the Dauphin remained, -until (at least) 10 p.m.[80] A few faithful attendants, such as the -Princesse de Lamballe, Madame de Tourzel, the Prince de Poix, and the -Duc de la Rochefoucauld, were with them, and at first other royalists -were allowed to bring them news and to pass in and out, but this was -stopped in the course of the day. - -From Dufour’s account it would seem that no one was busying themselves -to supply their wants until he undertook to do so the next day.[81] A -draught of water brought to them in their cells at night to quench their -raging thirst is all that he speaks of. If the story of the King eagerly -devouring food in public is true (and it is impossible to believe that -the children had nothing), yet it is doubtful whether the Queen, who had -had no rest the night before, had any food during the day. - -What a tumult of disgust, fears, indignation, and overwhelming regrets -must have occupied the Queen’s mind! It was difficult enough to maintain -an outwardly calm, queenly demeanour; her thoughts must have been -confused, half formed, reflecting the agitation of despair and anxiety. -She knew only too well that she was looked upon as the political enemy -of the crowd for reasons that were not altogether untrue. She had had a -policy inconsistent with republicanism and, though worsted in it, the -events of the last three years probably justified it in her own mind. - -She inherited a belief in a strong rule, beneficent as her own kindly -nature required, but one that could fight its battles and make full use -of such opportunities as hereditary kingship possessed. Again and again -she had felt that the King’s action was worse than nothing. Marie -Antoinette would have sternly punished the crime of killing the King’s -officials;[82] she would have upheld the sovereign office as long as -there were those who prized it. The country could never have reached the -present point of rebellion if the taking of the Bastille, for instance, -had not been condoned and the murders and outrages connected with it had -not been allowed to pass without adequate punishment. Why were the -troops dismissed so soon after, and the nobles allowed to emigrate? It -may have been right for the monarch to urge upon some of them the danger -in which they stood by remaining, but where was their courage and -loyalty in leaving the country?[83] - -The sensation of loneliness was terrible. Where were the illustrious -families and statesmen who had not left France, who, had the Queen only -known it, were to go during the next year in one long procession to the -scaffold? They were, she knew, paralysed by the King’s inaction and -weakness. Surely they would have rallied had he called upon them with -decision to defend their rights and had placed himself at their head, -even though many of those princely families who had surrounded her -during the first years of her reign had been alienated and in opposition -to herself before the disaffection became general. Where were the -faithful Swiss guards who only that morning had escorted them in safety -to the Manège, and would have fought bravely and perhaps been the -rallying point for all who were not declared democrats? Alas, alas, the -sounds of screams and fiendish massacre were in her ears at the moment; -cannon, musketry, and cold-blooded carnage were then and there -destroying the last stronghold! The tiny _loge_, only 10 feet square, so -painfully hot and full of comers and goers, seemed to the despairing -Queen empty of all who should have been there to represent the -monarchical principle. The presence of the Prince de Poix and the Duc de -la Rochefoucauld and a few others, who were endangering their lives by -being with them, only emphasised the forlornness of the royal condition. - -Looking from her dismal corner in the _loge_ at the King, who sat with -impassive mien facing the assembly, what waves of painful emotion must -have swept across her brain! The King could not see things from her -point of view, but he had loved and spoilt her. He had been faithful to -her, as no French monarch for many generations had been loyal to his -wife. He was devoted to her and to their children; had paid her debts -again and again;[84] had ennobled and enriched her friends; his patience -and magnanimity were saintly; but how often had she raged against his -theory that the King’s duty was to set an example of lofty forbearance -and forgiveness of every injury even when done to him as representing -the law, justice, and power of the whole French peoples. She had -instinctively felt that had she been in the King’s place she would have -found her way through the past crises without either descending from her -throne or doing wrong to the most Christian charity. She knew that she -was kind-hearted, and had always loved to be the benefactress of others: -yes, she too could forgive royally when forgiveness was due from her in -her own person, but not when it required injustice to others. - -But Marie Antoinette was too clear-sighted to impute all the blame of -this downfall to the King’s mistakes. No doubt his feeble idea had been -to behave as though the democrats only were the nation, forgetting the -contrary view of those who had either banished themselves or who were -perforce silent unless he could lead the way. To obey every behest of -the Legislative Assembly and of the mob showed a lamentable lack of -wisdom, but even such a poor policy had brought him an undoubted though -fleeting popularity. He had appeared to take the side of the opponents -of monarchy; he had divested himself of prerogatives; had sworn to a -Constitution beyond his power to carry out, and had submitted to the -indignity of placing the red bonnet on his head; but had she not helped -to make all this short-sighted weakness even more unavailing than it -need have been? What was the use of humbling the aristocracy along with -himself, and of acting against his own convictions, if at the same time -he consented to plans for escaping, and was known to be so far -untrustworthy to his own professions that at every crisis he listened to -her incessant urgings to the more spirited policy, by which he could -instantly rally the royal forces? - -Bitterly she knew that she had never prevailed to overcome his fatal -belief that the King was never to shed the blood of a Frenchman, even if -he were a disturber of the public peace; but she had ever to bear the -blame of every mistake. She thought of that terrible message sent only -two hours ago at the bidding of the Assembly that their guards were not -to defend themselves, but to disarm.[85] Only this morning there were -600 Swiss and 200 gentlemen, and even companies of the national guard -whom they could trust, but whispered reports had reached even the _loge_ -that their noble supporters had died unsoldierly and cold-blooded -deaths. There was no longer any nucleus in the country of loyalty to the -consecrated ruler. - -There was nothing now to prevent the passing of the formal decree by -which she heard the King finally deprived of the crown and of every -vestige of authority. Though Louis XVI. appeared unheeding and -expressionless, could _she_ bear this indignity, this wrong to her son? -Could they not escape from this wicked durance? But she had consented to -this surrender to their enemies in the hope of saving her son’s life. It -had been the only chance. As long as they were in some shelter from the -howling savages outside who were screaming for their blood, the life of -her son was secure. She had long accustomed herself to the thought of -being assassinated, but there was no fear of a judicial murder; no -government of France would sink to such a point of wickedness and -unwisdom in the face of a united Europe.[86] They would be condemned to -more years of miserable bondage, but they would be together; friends -would rally; circumstances would clear themselves. The Queen had it in -her still to do and dare everything if there were any hope of -surmounting the present crisis. - -If she might only act! But no, the Queen’s heart sank again as the -numbing sense of helplessness came over her, remembering that she would -not be allowed to act. It was always the King who had the last word. She -might plan, but he, with all his love and confidence in her, invariably -thwarted every attempt requiring some spirit of defiance. He had ruined -the Varennes scheme by letting himself be recognised at critical -moments. Why did he review the guards that morning, and make it -unavailing by omitting to speak words of courage and confidence? Why did -he seek the protection of his enemies rather than fire on the mob, which -an hour later fled away at the volleys fired by the Swiss?[87] No, there -was no hope of contending against the difficulties imposed on their -party by the inertia of the King. And now things had gone so far, -perhaps he had no choice but to advise obedience when the Assembly -decreed that the few friends outside their household who had pressed -into the _loge_ should no longer hold communication with them, but -should retire. More than once during those sad hours they had to see -faithful servants bleeding and with torn clothes judged at the bar of -the Assembly for having defended them.[88] The handkerchief that was -handed to the Queen in the place of her own, which was soaked with -tears, in order that she might wipe the drops of sweat off the brow of -the young Dauphin, was tinged with blood.[89] - -Exhausted by horror and disappointment, what strength remained to the -Queen must have spent itself in thoughts for her little son, who with -touching obedience was trying to be “bien sage avec ces vilains -hommes.”[90] If she was personally helpless to save his crown, surely -the Kings of Europe would see to it. Again hope revived at the thought -of a successful war already beginning. The false moves of the last years -perhaps only meant at the worst, that though she and the King had to die -at the hands of an enraged but defeated France, the boy would escape. -With victorious armies surrounding Paris, there would be those within -who would then be roused to get the lad into the protection of friends. -Surely God would help him then! - -But what if everything should fail? Fatality had overtaken every -reasonable hope since this terrible revolution had begun. There were -forces of mysterious and terrific magnitude, which seemed to her to be -bearing away everything that had been stable hitherto. Her ignorance of -what constituted these forces increased their terror for her. During the -two hours when the deputies separately repeated the words of the oath to -maintain liberty, equality, or die, the Queen in utter weariness tried -to penetrate the mystery of that fatality which seemed to overtake -royalty in France, and herself in particular. Perhaps for a moment she -realised that had she seriously studied history some light might have -come as to the meaning of this crushing movement. The volumes of Hume’s -_History of England_, which in early days had been carelessly listened -to, conveyed little to her inattentive mind.[91] She did not know even -the history of France intelligently enough to be able to guess whether -the enveloping force owed its strength to anything which could have been -foreseen. Was there anyone who could have foreseen this trend of events, -when it was only last year that the Constitution had been applauded to -the skies as the consummation of political wisdom?[92] - -Was the penury of the country and the starving condition of the poor at -the bottom of this earthquake? But why visit them upon the Court? People -must know that she and the King were most kindly and anxious and -troubled for all. They had reduced every possible expense in their -household. Had she not nine years ago refused the diamond necklace on -account of its expense? She had not gambled in old days more than -others; neither had she enriched her friends more than sovereigns were -in the habit of doing. The Pompadours and Dubarrys had rolled in wealth. -What was the cost of Trianon compared to the millions of money spent in -building the Palace at Versailles?[93] It was unjust to make her and her -children bear the punishment of the sins of former generations. - -Were such writers as Voltaire and Rousseau responsible in any degree for -the gathering forces that were crashing all law and order as they had -been hitherto understood? The Queen knew something of their views, but -their invectives against kings as tyrants seemed unjust and exaggerated, -and had repelled her. To her mind, her mother, husband, and brothers -were not selfish oppressors; they meant to be useful to their subjects, -and would have been unwise to have rejected the wisdom of former times -embodied in traditions and old customs. Moreover, any truths uttered by -Voltaire were vitiated to the Queen by his declared hostility to -religion as she knew it. Such overwhelming forces as were destroying -France could not be the outcome of such feeble views; there must be -stronger reasons than such writings could account for. - -But here there was some tangle of ideas which could not be unravelled. -The Queen’s mind was not one to dwell on abstractions; it was wholly -untrained and incapable of thinking out points of philosophical or -religious argument. She could not disentangle the various points of view -which distracted her mind. - - -As the long hours went on, her sorrows which admitted of no comfort: the -strange impassiveness of the king: the sight of her weeping companions: -the efforts of the children not to give trouble: and the physical -suffering entailed on all alike, boxed up in this stifling hole on a hot -August afternoon, filled her with maddening oppression. Whilst the cold -and insolent words of the hostile Assembly, the unspeakable insults -incessantly hurled at her by the cruel voices outside, the noise, the -heat, the smells, the want of room, added to the effects of sleepless -nights and absence of nourishment, must have filled her with an -uncontrollable longing to get away. As the afternoon wore on with no -hope of relief, black, helpless despair closed in on the mind of the -tired Queen. She must have felt that, if she was not to go mad, it was -necessary to extricate herself from her present surroundings by at least -a semi-unconsciousness of them. Her brain was on fire. Could she not -force her imagination to take some rest? Even in happy times some -natural impatience in the Queen’s nature made it imperative to her to -run away and be alone sometimes. It was at the Petit Trianon that she -had found relief from tiresome restrictions, importunities of etiquette, -and obsequious crowds. There at least she could have her own way and her -love of simple pleasures and country freedom had been satisfied. If only -she could fly to that beloved spot away from this horrible smell of -blood, what happiness it would be to her jaded spirits! Only to think of -it afforded her a dim pleasure overcoming the inevitable bitterness of -the recollection. - -Yes; it was the Petit Trianon which of all places in France she loved -best. The bare memory of its trees and grass and cool shadows brought a -little refreshment. It was there that she had always found a reprieve -from the stately formalities of Versailles and that she had been able to -unqueen herself and be on an equality with her friends. But was there no -pang as she realised with fresh point that the King had just been -deposed, and that she, by the voice of the only authority at present -recognised in the country, was no longer Queen of France? That favourite -pastime of pretending to be no queen in the privacy of Trianon had been -a dangerous game! Marie Antoinette had not attempted to be on an -equality with the old _haute noblesse_ whose absence at this moment was -so deplorable. Such familiarity would have lowered them in their own -eyes; for their rank and consideration rested on their service to the -sovereigns, and only by etiquettes rigorously kept could the princes and -old nobility find their own _raison d’être_. With keen pain the truth -flashed upon her that a thoughtless Queen had done her best to undermine -Cardinal Richelieu’s policy in bringing the great feudal princes to -squabble in small rivalries about positions at Court rather than leave -them to combine into factions and fight each other in wars dangerous to -the State. Etiquettes had been laughed at, and the nobles superseded in -her favour by persons without claim to the titles and fortunes lavished -upon them. But was it possible that such small considerations had really -alienated the most powerful class in France? The Queen had only to -recollect the restrained indignation of the Comtesse de Noailles: those -dismal years when no one attended her balls at Versailles[94]: the -immense offence given to the distinguished families of Soubise, Condé, -Rohan, Guemenée, and all who were connected with them, by her furious -and undignified anger with Cardinal Rohan[95]: besides the murmurs of -all who considered themselves wronged by their exclusion from her -friendship at Trianon to realise bitterly what had alienated the -aristocracy from her, beyond, apparently, hope of recall. - - -Too worn and sad to pursue such painful thoughts, it was a relief to let -the vision of her favourite home float before her mind’s eye and to -remember the loyalty of her Trianon servants, such as Antoine Richard, -_jardinier en chef_, who had succeeded to the post so long held by his -father Claude Richard.[96] How loyally they had carried out her wishes, -and, under the direction of her architect Mique,[97] had altered their -much loved nursery gardens into a fashionable “jardin anglais”! It had -been delightful planning that garden and altering the arrangements and -decorations of the house and grounds with her own rare good taste, until -scarcely any part was left bringing to mind the sojourn there of Madame -de Pompadour, but the house itself,[98] and the little ménagerie with -its vacherie, bergerie, and poulaillers,[99] or of Madame du Barry, but -the formal French garden,[100] the chapel,[101] with the kitchens -beyond. - -In the stuffy dirty _loge_ the royal family had resigned itself to a -melancholy silence, the Dauphin was sleeping across her knee, and the -Queen surrendered herself to a trance-like condition in which she saw -again with extreme vividness and longing the place of former enjoyment. -She was again free, opening all the gates with her own _passe-partout_, -and wandering into all the corners of the grounds.[102] The beautiful -trees planted by the two Richards in rich variety were, she recollected, -in full summer foliage, and she would fain have felt some breath of the -cool evening air, which she knew well must be blowing at that moment, -though not for her. Or she was again in the mazy wood beyond the -Vergelay bridge following in thought the sound of the light operatic -music, so often played on bright afternoons, which drifted past her as -she made her way along the wood paths. Well-known bars of Monsigny’s -music mingled with reminiscences of Sacchini’s and Grétry’s operas. Was -it not on an August day, twelve years ago, that she first acted herself -in the charming little newly-built theatre?[103] It was in a play of -Sedaine (_Le Roi et le Fermier_) for which Monsigny had written music, -especially for the Trianon; and with pain it was remembered that the -plot of the play was the favourite one at Trianon, viz. the superiority -of the farmer’s condition over that of the King. Vaudreuil had acted the -part of the farmer lover to her Jenny. The Queen’s thoughts flew to -another, and the last, acting,[104] so immediately followed by the -frightful episode of the diamond necklace when outrage first touched her -and personal popularity was finally lost.[105] Under pressure from the -Comte de Vaudreuil she had prevailed with the King, against his better -judgment, to allow the _Mariage de Figaro_ to be acted in Paris.[106] In -the following year, the older version of the same play had been -performed at Trianon;[107] she had acted Rosina, the Comte d’Artois had -taken the part of Figaro, and Vaudreuil that of Almaviva. Four years -later the King’s prophecy had come true, and the destruction of the -Bastille had been the signal for Vaudreuil’s hurried flight from the -country.[108] - -Well she remembered that false friend,[109] whom she had willingly -received into her most intimate circle, though latterly he had often -wearied her with his violent temper and importunities for more lucrative -posts.[110] - -There was one day in that last summer at Trianon, shortly before -Vaudreuil’s final departure in July, which stood out, every detail being -imprinted on her memory. She had wandered up the lane past the _logement -des corps de gardes_, and had noticed on the ground near the lodge gates -the old plough,—a reminiscence of Louis XVI.’s boyhood.[111] Coming -towards the _porte du jardinier_, she had seen Rodolphe and Fidel -Bersy[112] in the long green coats of the _petite livrée_ of the -_gardes_.[113] They were directing some strangers. These guards were -special friends of hers. Had she not paid all expenses out of her own -purse when Rodolphe’s children had been ill with smallpox?[114] Whilst -passing them she had noticed Marie Anne Lemaignan[115] standing near her -mother[116] on the steps of their cottage outside the enclosure.[117] -The Queen calculated that the girl, who had then been fourteen years -old,[118] must now be a young woman of seventeen, and with her promise -of beauty[119] would soon marry: probably, she thought, to young -Charpentier,[120] who was already, she knew, attached to the girl. The -Queen’s intimacy with her servants at Trianon had been a never-failing -happiness, and she thought with infinite tenderness of the troubles -their loyal sympathy for her must be causing them now. - -Passing through the gardeners’ enclosure and the _porte d’entrée_ she -had come into the English garden. Advancing a few steps, she had -suddenly caught sight of Vaudreuil sitting by the small circular -“ruine,”[121] dressed, she remembered, in the slouch hat and large cloak -which had become fashionable since he had acted in such as -Almaviva.[122] He turned and looked at her, but did not rise or make the -smallest gesture of recognition. It was by her own orders that at -Trianon her ladies and gentlemen did not rise or put away their -occupations when the Queen entered a room; but she had lately become -sensitive, and on this occasion she had felt his rudeness.[123] After -all, she was the Queen; he was there as her honoured guest, where the -highest in the land desired to be, and ordinary good manners required -him to do more than sit still and look at her without seeming to notice -her. The Queen remembered her sensation of displeasure. And now her -extraordinarily excited memory which was enabling her to see Trianon -again down to the smallest details of the scenery, also revealed to her -her short-sighted folly in undermining the first principles of that -mutual courtesy which constitutes best Court life, at a time when France -was on the verge of an immense political whirlpool. - -Yes; it was on that very same spot that the messenger came to her, a few -months later, to announce the crowd of disaffected women from Paris _en -route_ for Versailles. She could never forget that October morning, for -from that time her life had entirely altered in character and the Queen -had endured a weary round of perpetual and open insult. Throughout the -preceding summer the grounds at the Petit Trianon, which had formerly -been so jealously guarded even from the Court, had been thrown open to -the public,[124] and in order to take the chance of walking there in any -privacy the Queen had lately been in the habit of driving over during -the morning. That fifth of October had been fairly fine during the early -hours, and she remembered having seen the gardeners at work in the -different parts of the gardens;[125] and on her way from the Temple de -l’Amour to the Hameau, she had passed the _prairie_, and had seen two -labourers in their picturesque brown tunics and coloured _chaperons -rouges_[126] filling a hired cart with sticks.[127] - -Crossing the Vergelay bridge she had approached the cavernous mouth of -her favourite grotto,[128] over which ivy fell in graceful wreaths.[129] -For the first time in her experience she had noticed that the little -stream issuing from the grotto had not been cleared, but was choked with -dead autumn leaves.[130] This unusual and forlorn sight had remained in -her mind. Here she had sat for a time looking at the place now deserted -by all who had formerly been with her there, and, as was inevitable at -that time of political anxiety, became engrossed in mournful -anticipations of further troubles.[131] They had pressed more than she -could bear, and feeling a sudden desire to speak to someone she had -entered the moss-lined grotto.[132] Passing the point on her left hand -where the little cascade entered from above,[133] she climbed the rock -staircase[134] leading to the upper opening[135] near the _porte -d’entrée_. Coming out upon the elevated rocks, she called to Marie Anne -Lemaignan, whose father’s cottage was not far off. Fancying that she -heard the girl running to her, the Queen had turned and was surprised to -see, instead of the girl, a _garçon de la Chambre_, who, in a state of -great agitation, handed her a letter from M. de Saint Priest, a minister -at the Palace.[136] Her memory recalled the look of that man, also in -the fashionable Spanish hat and cloak, flying over one of the upright -rocks placed near the path by her orders.[137] He had been so anxious -that she should wait at the house whilst he fetched the carriage that -she relinquished her first thought of hurrying back by the woods, and -she turned instead to go to the little bridge which crossed the tiny -waterfall. How fond she was of that little rustic bridge, which she had -had placed high up on rocks, hiding the Theatre and surrounded by thujas -and pine trees![138] It had been one of the most charming of her -inventions, and in fancy the Queen again saw every step of the way, and -the trickling stream pouring over the rocks at her right hand, amidst -ferns and moss, on its way into the grotto below the bridge. - -Sitting under the north terrace near the door leading from the house to -the Jeu de Bague, she had re-opened and re-read the minister’s letter -whilst waiting for the carriage. Womanlike, the Queen remembered that -the dress she had been wearing that morning was one of the light skirts -repaired during that summer, the green silk bodice made in July, a large -white fichu, and a straw hat.[139] - -At that moment two of the many strangers who now came in as they liked -passed her by and even went up on to the terrace behind her by the -staircase at her left hand.[140] The Queen knew that her concierge -(Bonnefoy Du Plan)[141] was informed that she was there, and would -certainly, on seeing them from his attic window over the chapel, send -someone to ask them to go further from the house. It might not have been -wise, but her old servants had done all they dared to protect her -privacy. She had before now, when wandering about alone, heard the -coldness and unconcern with which the Bersy brothers had directed -strangers in the grounds. Just as she had expected, a moment later, the -Queen had heard the slam of the chapel door[142] and had thought that -Lagrange[143] would probably conduct them into the avenue by the passage -of the _porte de la ménagerie_, that being the nearest way out of the -gardens.[144] - -The carriage was ready, and the moment had come for rallying her force -to act the part of a true queen in whatever circumstances were before -her. The vivid dream was over, and in proportion as her retrospect was -concerned with more important matters, the details stood out less -clearly in her mind. - - -There was no refreshment in going over the events of the rest of that -day; though some of them came back to her in rapid succession. The -hurried return of the King from hunting at Meudon; the councils; the -variations of policy; the presence of a rough and alarming-looking crowd -on the Place d’Armes; the free fights; the deputation of women escorted -by Mounier on the part of the Assembly: then the final ordering of the -carriages too late for escape; the heavy depressing rain from 4 p.m. -onwards which at last helped to clear away the crowd; the arrival at -midnight of Lafayette and his national guard. All had been confusing and -miserable. But agitating as the 5th had been, there was no comparison -between it and the tension of October 6th. - -The Queen remembered that she had only gone to bed that morning at 2 -a.m. in order that her ladies might have some rest, but for herself -there was none. Both on October 6th, 1789, and now on August 10th, 1792, -outside disturbances had begun at 5 a.m. amidst the glories of a perfect -summer dawn. But on the former occasion it had been first realised in -one of her own suite of rooms. She had heard the sounds of actual -fighting close to her bedroom, and the hasty shout of the guards, -“Sauvez la Reine!” informed her of their deadly peril. The escape to the -King’s room and the gathering of the family together was quickly -effected; but the comfort of the reunion had been followed by terrible -hours when Lafayette had done his utmost to quell the fury of the mob. -There had been amongst it a company of, as it seemed, veritable fiends, -come from no one knew where, whose faces were terrible to look at.[145] -It was they who enacted the horrid scene of beheading the two murdered -guards (Varicourt and Deshuttes) under the royal windows in the Cour de -Marbre; and until they marched off to Paris carrying with them the two -decapitated heads on spikes, it was impossible to come to any terms with -the mob. But after their departure, by Lafayette’s wish (which at that -time amounted to command), first the King and then the Queen had -ventured on to the balcony, and had been greeted with some warmth. - - -And now, three years later, they had not the protecting influence of -Lafayette to depend on, nor even the doubtful friendship of Mirabeau. -The mob had gained the upper hand, and seemed to be altogether composed -of wild beasts thirsting for blood. Who would save them from the -horrible crowd pressing against the _grille_? It had not been without -relief that Marie Antoinette had just heard the decree passed to keep -them in the building where they were for the night. But what afterwards? -Clearly they were not to go back to the Tuileries. The mention of the -Luxembourg palace was interesting; still more so, the arguments of the -opposition that it contained dangerous subterranean passages and -opportunities for escape. The Queen’s brain was eagerly at work again, -and intensely conscious of the present. - - -But Madame Royale and the Dauphin had borne all they could, and at 7 -p.m. Madame de Tourzel was allowed to see the accommodation being -prepared for the party in the cells of the ancient _couvent des -Feuillants_. It was not till 10 p.m. that they were escorted thither by -representatives of the Assembly; but for the elders it was neither to -rest nor to sleep, for they were still within sound of the fierce mob -outside as well as of the distant hum of the all-powerful Assembly about -to decree their final destiny. - -Three more weary days and nights spent in much the same manner were -forced upon the unhappy family before they were conducted to the Temple, -and into what proved to be for the majority of them the valley of the -shadow of death. - - E. M. - - _November, 1908._ - ------ - -Footnote 1: - - The man said a great deal more which we could not catch. - -Footnote 2: - - I remember that on account of the wind I put on my coat. - -Footnote 3: - - The woman was standing on the steps, bending slightly forward, holding - a jug in her hand. The girl was looking up at her from below with her - hands raised, but nothing in them. She might have been just going to - take the jug or have just given it up. Her light-brown hair escaped - from under her cap. I remember that both seemed to pause for an - instant, as in a _tableau vivant_; but we passed on, and I did not see - the end. - -Footnote 4: - - By old I mean old or unusual forms, perhaps surviving in provincial - French. - -Footnote 5: - - One man wore red, the other blue; the colours were not mixed. - -Footnote 6: - - I thought this gardener did not look like a Frenchman; he had more the - air of an Englishman. He had hair on his face, a grizzled beard, was - large and loosely made. His height was very uncommon, and he seemed to - be of immense strength. His arms were long and very muscular. I - noticed that even through the sleeves of his jersey. - -Footnote 7: - - _Archives Nationales_ O^I, 1878. - -Footnote 8: - - Desjardins, p. 15; Rocheterie’s _Histoire de Marie Antoinette_, pp. - 289, 290, vol. i. - -Footnote 9: - - In the Bibliothèque Nationale. - -Footnote 10: - - Picture of a Garde de la Porte du Roi Louis XV., dite de la Manche, - d’après une gravure de Chevilet. R. Jacquemin. - -Footnote 11: - - _Souvenirs d’un Page, le comte D’Hezecques_, pp. 130–134. (He says - that their underdress was blue.) - -Footnote 12: - - _Ibid._, p. 137. - -Footnote 13: - - _Arch. Nat._ O^I, 1883. - -Footnote 14: - - _Arch. Nat._ O^I, 1878 and 1880. - -Footnote 15: - - _Légendes de Trianon_, Madame Julie Lavergne, pp. 89, 96. - -Footnote 16: - - _Arch. Nat._ O^I, 1878. - -Footnote 17: - - _Ibid._ O^I, 1882. - -Footnote 18: - - Desjardins, p. 90. - -Footnote 19: - - _Arch. Nat._ O^I, 1875. - -Footnote 20: - - _La Reine Marie Antoinette_, De Nolhac, pp. 61, 212. - -Footnote 21: - - _Le Barbier de Séville_, by Beaumarchais, was first played in 1775; it - was rewritten and made politically scandalous as _Le Mariage de - Figaro_ in 1781. This version was played in Vaudreuil’s private - theatre at Gennevilliers and at the Odéon, 1783, and for the first - time in Paris, by permission, April 27th, 1784. - -Footnote 22: - - _Modes et Usages_, De Reiset, p. 479, vol. i. - -Footnote 23: - - _Légendes de Trianon_, p. 75. - -Footnote 24: - - _La Belle Jardinière_, Lavergne, pp. 91, 97. - -Footnote 25: - - _Arch. Nat._ O^I, 1878. - -Footnote 26: - - _Arch. Nat._ O^I, 1877. - -Footnote 27: - - Letter enclosing marriage certificate (copy from the Archives - Municipales, Versailles). - -Footnote 28: - - _Arch. Nat._ O^I, 1876, 1877. - -Footnote 29: - - _Ib._ O^I, 1879. - -Footnote 30: - - _Ib._ O^I, 1879. - -Footnote 31: - - _La vie de Madame Lavergne._ - -Footnote 32: - - Quoted in _Les Palais de Trianon_, M. de Lescure, p. 148. - -Footnote 33: - - _Légendes de Trianon_, Madame Julie Lavergne, p. 75. - -Footnote 34: - - _Arch. Nat._ O^I, 1875. - -Footnote 35: - - _Ib._ - -Footnote 36: - - _Ib._ - -Footnote 37: - - _Arch. Nat._ O^I, 1875. - -Footnote 38: - - _Ib._ - -Footnote 39: - - _Ib._ O^I, 1882. (There was also a “pont de bois à la porte verte” on - the east side of the house, _Arch. Nat._ O^I, 1881 and 1882.) - -Footnote 40: - - _Ib._ - -Footnote 41: - - _Ib._ (_Souvenirs d’un Page_, D’Hezecques, p. 242). - -Footnote 42: - - _Ib._ 1877. - -Footnote 43: - - _Ib._ - -Footnote 44: - - _Ib._ - -Footnote 45: - - _Souvenirs d’un Page_, p. 244. - -Footnote 46: - - Desjardins, picture, p. 196. - -Footnote 47: - - Desjardins, pp. 103, 73. - -Footnote 48: - - _Légendes de Trianon_, p. 75. - -Footnote 49: - - _Souvenirs d’un Page_, pp. 112, 118. - -Footnote 50: - - _Modes et Usages_, De Reiset, vol. i. p. 445. - -Footnote 51: - - _Souvenirs du Baron de Frénilly_, p. 80. - -Footnote 52: - - _Ib._ p. 80. - -Footnote 53: - - _Souvenirs d’un Page_, p. 242. - -Footnote 54: - - _Souvenirs d’un Page_, p. 243. - -Footnote 55: - - _La Dernière Rose_, p. 75. - -Footnote 56: - - _Arch. Nat._ O^I, 1875. - -Footnote 57: - - _Ib._ O^I, 1882. - -Footnote 58: - - _Ib._ O^I, 1882. - -Footnote 59: - - _Le Petit Trianon_, p. 90. - -Footnote 60: - - _Arch. Nat._ O^I, 1875. - -Footnote 61: - - _Souvenirs d’un Page_, p. 242. - -Footnote 62: - - _Arch. Nat._ O^I, 1882. - -Footnote 63: - - _Ib._ O^I, 1879. - -Footnote 64: - - Desjardins, p. 196. - -Footnote 65: - - _Arch. Nat._ O^I, 1882. - -Footnote 66: - - Desjardins, pp. 107, 120; _Arch. Nat._ O^1, 1875, 1877; Terrade, _Le - Théâtre de la Reine_, p. 23. - -Footnote 67: - - _Modes et Usages_, De Reiset, vol. i. pp. 479, 404, 423, 365, 369. - -Footnote 68: - - Desjardins’, _Le Petit Trianon_, pp. 188, 189. - -Footnote 69: - - Page 7. - -Footnote 70: - - _Arch. Nat._ O^I, 1879. - -Footnote 71: - - _Ibid._ O^I, 1877. - -Footnote 72: - - _Ibid._ O^I, 1879. - -Footnote 73: - - _Arch. Nat._ O^1, 1876. - -Footnote 74: - - _Ibid._ O^1, 1877. - -Footnote 75: - - _Arch. Nat._ O^I, 1877. - -Footnote 76: - - _Ib._ O^I, 1880. - -Footnote 77: - - We heard in 1910 that this was the window out of which Marie - Antoinette used to pass when she went into the garden. - -Footnote 78: - - _Marie Antoinette_, Lenotre, p. 3. - -Footnote 79: - - _Mémoires de Madame de Tourzel_, p. 216. - -Footnote 80: - - Rocheterie says 18 hours; Dufour, 13 hours. - -Footnote 81: - - _Marie Antoinette_, Lenotre, p. 13. - -Footnote 82: - - De Launay; governor of the Bastille, Flescelles; prévôt July 14, 1789. - des marchands, - Foulon; ministre, Berthier; intendant de l’Ile de July 4, 1789. - France, - -Footnote 83: - - Comte d’Artois, Les Condés, Les Polignacs, Baron de Breteuil, le - marechal de Broglie, le prince de Lambesc, le comte de Vaudreuil, - ministres Bareuton, Villedeuil, Vauguyon, l’abbé de Vermond. - -Footnote 84: - - In 1783 the Queen’s wardrobe cost 199,000 livres; in 1784 it cost - 217,000 livres; in 1785 it cost 252,000. One dress only worn once cost - 6000 livres, not counting the material. _La Reine Marie Antoinette_, - De Nolhac, pp. 36, 63. - - In 1777 the Queen’s personal debts amounted to 487,000 livres, which - the King paid out of his own purse. All this was changed after the - birth of her first child, and the Queen, from that time, cut down - every possible expense. - -Footnote 85: - - _Mémoires de Madame de Tourzel_, p. 220. - -Footnote 86: - - Even in the Conciergerie the Queen seems to have disbelieved in the - likelihood of a formal condemnation to death. _Marie Antoinette_, - Lenotre, pp. 247, 270. - -Footnote 87: - - _Histoire de Marie Antoinette_, La Rocheterie, p. 435. - -Footnote 88: - - Vicomte de Maillé, sent to L’Abbaye prison, murdered in the September - massacres. M. de la Porte, _intendant de la liste civile_, also - imprisoned and murdered in September. _Mémoires de M. de Tourzel_, p. - 226. - -Footnote 89: - - La Rocheterie, p. 438. - -Footnote 90: - - La Rocheterie, p. 438. - -Footnote 91: - - _La Reine Marie Antoinette_, De Nolhac, p. 184. - -Footnote 92: - - _Almanack Historique de la Revolution Française pour l’année_, 1792, - par M. J. P. Rabaut (contemporain). - -Footnote 93: - - The exterior masonry of the Palace cost 1,350,000 livres, apart from - all the magnificent interiors, the grounds, and the outside buildings. - La Grande Écurie cost 844,784 livres (_Versailles_, Peraté, p. 14). - Expenses at Trianon under Louis XV., 340,000 livres; under Louis XVI., - 1,649,529 livres (Desjardins, pp. 2, 407). - -Footnote 94: - - 1777–1779. - -Footnote 95: - - 1786. - -Footnote 96: - - Claude Richard was appointed _jardinier en chef_ at Trianon in 1750. - He was the intimate friend of Linnæus, who called him “the cleverest - gardener in Europe.” He was the son of François Richard who followed - James II. from Windsor to St. Germains. The son, Antoine Richard, - became _jardinier-botaniste-adjoint_ at Trianon, 1765, _jardinier en - chef_, 1784–1805, and died 1807. - -Footnote 97: - - Guillotined 1794. - -Footnote 98: - - Built 1762. - -Footnote 99: - - _Le Petit Trianon_, Desjardins, p. 27. - -Footnote 100: - - 1759–1761. - -Footnote 101: - - Built 1773 for Madame du Barry. - -Footnote 102: - - “Avoir netoyer le passe-partout que la Reine avait perdue avoir gravée - de nom de la Reine dessus qui ouvrait les portes du Chateau et jardin - de Trianon.” Locksmith’s account, 1785 (_Archives Nat._ O^1, 1882). - -Footnote 103: - - August 1st, 1780. - -Footnote 104: - - August 19th, 1785. - -Footnote 105: - - Cardinal Rohan had been arrested four days before, on August 15th, - 1785. - -Footnote 106: - - Beaumarchais’ play of _Le Mariage de Figaro_ had been rewritten with - political intention from the old play of _Le Barbier de Séville_ in - 1783. - -Footnote 107: - - Twice played at Trianon, September 13th, 1784, and August 19th, 1785. - -Footnote 108: - - July 14th, 1789. - -Footnote 109: - - _La Reine Marie Antoinette_, De Nolhac, pages 161–212, 223, 224. - -Footnote 110: - - _Le Petit Trianon_, Desjardins, pages 180, 178, 342. - -Footnote 111: - - _Histoire de Marie Antoinette_, Rocheterie, pages 289, 290. Vol. i. - -Footnote 112: - - The brothers Bersy with Bréval were generally selected for guarding - the _porte du jardinier_ whenever the Queen was at Trianon, _Arch. - Nat._ O^I, 1880. They had the title of _garçons jardiniers de la - Chambre_, O^I, 1878. - -Footnote 113: - - Probably green, as it was worn by the Suisses, piqueurs, gardes des - portes, garçons jardiniers, and such royal servants as filled the - minor parts at the royal theatre at Versailles, _Arch. Nat._ O^I, - 1883. The traditional dress is still to be seen at the Comédie - Française, which is the descendant of the old Royal Theatre. The Comte - d’Artois was captain of the guards (including the gardes des portes) - in 1789, and his livery was green. - -Footnote 114: - - In 1785, _Arch. Nat._ O^I, 1883. - -Footnote 115: - - The names “Lemonguin” and “Magny” are to be found in the old lists of - under-gardeners at Trianon, _Arch. Nat._ O^I, 1876, 1877. “Mariamne” - is mentioned among the children paid for picking up dead leaves in the - grounds, 1783, _Arch. Nat._ O^1, 1877. - -Footnote 116: - - Marion’s mother died shortly before 1793, _Légendes de Trianon_, - Lavergne. - -Footnote 117: - - In Mique’s map of 1783 there is a building outside the wall between - the _ruelle_ and the _porte de jardinier_. - -Footnote 118: - - If Marianne was 21 at her son’s birth in 1796 she would have been 8 in - 1783, and 14 in 1789. - -Footnote 119: - - In 1793 “Marion” (daughter of an under-gardener) was chosen by the - Versailles Republican Club to personate the local Goddess of Reason. - Horrified at the prospect, the night before the installation on the - altar of the Versailles Notre Dame, she so completely disfigured her - face with scratches from a thorn branch that she never completely lost - the marks (_Légendes de Trianon_, M^{dme} Julie Lavergne, pp. 91–97). - -Footnote 120: - - In 1786 “Charpentier” is mentioned as an _ouvrier terrassier_, having - to clear up sticks and leaves, plant flowers, and rake (_Arch. Nat._ - O^1, 1878). - - Charpentier seems to have been the “Jean de l’eau,” so called from his - daily duty of fetching water from Ville d’Avray for the Queen’s table. - He even tried to get it to her when she was in the Conciergerie, - August, 1792. He was afterwards wounded at Marengo and became a - captain, and in 1805 was appointed by Napoleon _jardinier en chef_ at - the Petit Trianon, and married Marion (_Légendes de Trianon_, p. 97). - - The marriage certificate of Alexandre Charpentier, in 1823 (at that - time _chef d’atelier aux Pepinières Royales_ de Trianon, and, later, - for many years _jardinier en chef_ at Trianon), shows that he was the - son of Louis Toussaint Charpentier, _pensionnaire_, and Marie Anne - Lemaignan (Mairie de Versailles). - -Footnote 121: - - “Dec. 5, 1780. Commencé par ordre de M. Mique le model de la partie de - la grotte ... du coté des montagnes ... là dessus une petite ruine - d’architecture, l’avoir penté, planté, et gazonné.” - - “Detail estimatif d’une ruine formant la naissance d’une rivière, - savoir—Fouille de terre—maçonnerie ... le massif et le rigolle des - fondations ... pierre dure ... colonnes avec les murs au derrière ... - 7 colonnes ... 7 chapiteaux ... partie de la voute ... le parement des - murs ... le fossite pour l’architecture ... Recapitulation ... 7 - chapiteaux Ioniques, antique ... 5 membres ... 5 rosaces ... 9358 - livres” (_Arch. Nat._ O^I, 1878). - - The Temple de l’Amour is more than once called a “ruine,” which did - not seem to mean more than the reproduction of an older building. One - “ruine” mentioned had six Corinthian pillars, and was near the “onze - arpents.” - -Footnote 122: - - “Le chapeau ronds a larges bords, que l’on appelait à la jockey, - remplaçait déjà le chapeau à trois cornes nommé à l’Androsmane.” On - avait quitté le rabat, la bourse, les manchettes et l’épée (_Modes et - Usages_, De Reiset, vol. i. p. 469). - -Footnote 123: - - “J’ai beaucoup vu le comte de Vaudreuil à Londres, sans avoir jamais - découvert la distinction dont ses contemporains lui out fait honneur. - Il avait été le coryphée de cette école d’exaggération qui régnait - avant la Revolution, se passionnant pour toutes les petites choses, et - restant froide devant les grandes ... Il ... gardait ses grands airs - pour le salon de Madame de Polignac; et son ingratitude pour la Reine, - dont je l’ai entender parler avec la dernière inconvenance” (_Memoirs - de la Comtesse de Boigne_, p. 144). - -Footnote 124: - - _Le Petit Trianon_, Desjardins, p. 345. - -Footnote 125: - - The wages book shows that all the gardeners were at work out of doors - on Oct. 5th, 1789, whereas on wet days they worked under cover, - sometimes clearing out the passages of the house, _Arch. Nat._ O^1, - 1879. - -Footnote 126: - - This was the dress of the bourgeoisie in the 14th century. See - illustration of 14th century play _Pathelin_. Artisans wore it in the - 17th century. See _Les Foires des Rues de Paris_. Musée Carnavalet. It - was probably worn by field labourers up to the Revolution. - -Footnote 127: - - There is no mention of a cart and horse as part of the regular - expenses at the Ferme, but from time to time “une voiture à un cheval, - et un conducteur” were hired for picking up sticks in the Park. Jan., - 1789, there is an entry for paying “plus un homme” for that purpose; - and on Oct. 4th, 1789, we read of the hiring of “trois journées de - voiture et deux chevaux” (almost necessarily requiring two men) (O^1, - 1843). - -Footnote 128: - - See old picture by L’Espinasse, 1783. In Mique’s map (1783) two - grottos are indicated, one close to the rocher bridge, on the left of - it coming from the Hameau, and one near the Escargot hill, still to be - seen to-day. - -Footnote 129: - - May 28th, 1781.... Out attachés le lierre de la grotte (O^1, 1875). - -Footnote 130: - - The streams were cleared of dead leaves on Oct. 1, 2, 3, but not on - the 4th or 5th or after that date (O^1, 1877). - -Footnote 131: - - _Memoirs of Marie Antoinette_, by Madame Campan, p. 201. _Légendes de - Trianon_, by Madame Julie Lavergne, p. 75. - -Footnote 132: - - In the time of Marie Antoinette there were at least three grottos at - Trianon, of which only one remains intact, and that possibly the last - created; it may have been formed along with the Escargot hill, raised - in 1781 (_Arch. Nat._ O^1, 1877). - - The oldest grotto is mentioned in 1777 as ending at the _porte - d’entrée_ (O^1, 1875). Issuing from the side of this first grotto was - a “naissance de rivière,” which fed (perhaps by pipes) the small - circular lake, whose waters passed under the Rocher bridge, through - the great lake to the stream which meandered through the grounds. A - small “ruine” having seven columns, a dome roof, and walls, stood - above the spring “formant la naissance de la rivière” (O^1, 1878, - Desjardins, p. 90). - - Such waters as drained naturally through the first grotto seem to have - collected in a little pool at the lower end. In June, 1780, a new - “petite rivière,” intended to carry these stagnant waters away direct - to the great lake, was made; a grotto of “oval form” was dug round it, - and a montagne raised to cover it in (O^1, 1875). This second grotto - was probably the one described by D’Hezecques: it must have turned at - an angle from the first grotto and ended near the Rocher bridge, the - tiny ruisseau passing through and beyond it into the great lake (O^1, - 1875). - -Footnote 133: - - A small ravine between the first and second grottos may have been - spanned by the “pont rustique” of D’Hezecques, passing over the - miniature waterfall issuing from “la 2^{ième} source du Ravin” (nearer - the Theatre than the first spring) (O^1, 1882). This would have given - the name “ravin du petit pont” (O^1, 1875). The waterfall probably - fell into the little pool, whose waters were carried by a “ruisseau” - through the second (the Queen’s) grotto to the great lake. A rough - sketch in the _Arch. Nat._ shows a small bridge in this position. - - The cavern-like mouth at the lower end of the Queen’s grotto, close to - the Rocher bridge, is shown in L’Espinasse’s picture of 1783. It is to - be observed that in this picture no large rock (such as there is now) - was over the long bridge which stood upon low rocks between the two - lakes. The picture suggests that the rock opening of the grotto has - been lifted away from its original place to its present position over - the long Rocher bridge. - -Footnote 134: - - D’Hezecques describes the grotto as dark on first entering, lined with - moss, and as having a staircase within it leading to the summit of the - rocks. This staircase may be identical with the rock staircase now - attached by modern masonry to the back of the great rock over the - bridge, without any apparent reason. - -Footnote 135: - - A view of the prairie (also a condition of the Queen’s grotto - described by D’Hezecques) is obtainable from the high ground in this - part of the English garden. - -Footnote 136: - - _Légendes de Trianon_, Madame Julie Lavergne, p. 76. - -Footnote 137: - - (Rocks placed) “Pièce donnant au bord du lac de l’ancien jardin cote - des rochers ... au long du chemin de l’emplacement de la Ruine sur la - conduitte en bois à la 2^{ième} Source du Ravin” (O^I, 1882). - - In 1788 “Pièce au dessus du Rocher du Ravin et ... passage des voiture - sur le pont de bois.... Pièce à droite en face du Rocher du Ravin.” - -Footnote 138: - - “En face du chateau ... une pelouse ... se terminait par une roche - ombragée de pins, de thujas, de mélèzes, et surmontait d’un pont - rustique, comme on en rencontre dans les montagnes de la Suisse et les - précipices du Valais ...” (_Souvenirs d’un Page_, p. 242). - - (Rocks placed), “1788 ... sur les montagnes des Pins à gauche et en - montant au Rocher.... Montagne des Pins à droite en montante au - Rocher” (_Arch. Nat._ O^1, 1882). In 1791, every few days during - January, February, March of that year, trees were torn up from the - montagnes. In April, 1792, “Journée à arracher les Thujas sur les - montagnes” (O^1, 1879). - -Footnote 139: - - _Livre-Journal de Madame Éloffe_, pp. 404, 423, 365, 369. - -Footnote 140: - - After May, 1789, the grounds were thrown open (Desjardins, p. 345). - -Footnote 141: - - _Le Petit Trianon_, Desjardins, pp. 188, 189. - -Footnote 142: - - The great door of the chapel, which led into the royal gallery, opened - upon a terrace then joined to the western terrace of the house. - -Footnote 143: - - The name of the Suisse (in 1789) in charge of the _porte du perron de - la Chapelle_ was Lagrange. His rooms were behind the chapel - (Desjardins, p. 189). - -Footnote 144: - - According to M. de Nolhac (see note to _Consignes de Marie - Antoinette_, p. 7) the _porte de la ménagerie_ should be placed near - the buildings of the kitchens and conciergerie. In Mique’s map (1783) - a broad passage led through these buildings from the French garden to - the avenue. - -Footnote 145: - - “Parmi eux se trouvoient des hommes de figure étrange, ce qui - sembloient y avoir été appelés; car le peuple de Paris a sa - physionomie, et ceux qui le connoissent savent bien distinguer les - étrangers qui s’y confondent. Ces bandes farouches avoient précédé la - garde nationale, dont il faut bien la distinguer; elles causèrent tout - le désordre du lendemain.... Au dehors, les brigands s’étoient emparés - de deux gardes du corps; ils leur coupèrent la tête, malgré les - efforts de ceux des gardes nationaux qui arrivoient.... Enfin cette - bande de scélérats reprit la route de Paris, emportant en signe de - victoire les deux têtes des gardes des corps. Avec eux disparut toute - l’horreur des scènes sanglantes du matin. Alors le caractère national - se montra dans toute sa candeur. Les soldats parisiens et les gardes - du roi s’embrassent.”—_Almanach Historique de la Revolution - Française_, M. J. P. Rabaut, pp. 151–153. - - This was written in 1791, and Rabaut was guillotined later “comme - Girondin.” - - GLASGOW: PRINTED AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS BY ROBERT MACLEHOSE AND CO. - LTD. - ------------------------------------------------------------------------- - - - - - TRANSCRIBER’S NOTES - - - 1. P. 131, changed “No double his feeble idea” to “No doubt his feeble - idea”. - 2. Archives Nationales O^I and Archives Nationales O^1 are used - interchangeably. Did not alter. - 3. Silently corrected typographical errors and variations in spelling. - 4. Archaic, non-standard, and uncertain spellings retained as printed. - 5. Enclosed italics font in _underscores_. - 6. 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