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diff --git a/old/64804-0.txt b/old/64804-0.txt deleted file mode 100644 index ab5cb38..0000000 --- a/old/64804-0.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,1346 +0,0 @@ -The Project Gutenberg eBook of What Became of the Slaves on a Georgia -Plantation?, by Q. K. Philander Doesticks - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and -most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms -of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you -will have to check the laws of the country where you are located before -using this eBook. - -Title: What Became of the Slaves on a Georgia Plantation? - Great Auction Sale of Slaves, at Savannah, Georgia, March 2d & - 3d, 1859 - -Author: Q. K. Philander Doesticks - -Release Date: March 13, 2021 [eBook #64804] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: UTF-8 - -Produced by: Tim Lindell, Martin Pettit and the Online Distributed - Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This file was - produced from images generously made available by The Internet - Archive/American Libraries.) - -*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK WHAT BECAME OF THE SLAVES ON A -GEORGIA PLANTATION? *** - -+-------------------------------------------------+ -|Transcriber's note: | -| | -|Obvious typographic errors have been corrected. | -| | -+-------------------------------------------------+ - - - - -WHAT BECAME OF THE SLAVES - -ON A - -GEORGIA PLANTATION? - - -GREAT - -AUCTION SALE OF SLAVES, - -AT - -SAVANNAH, GEORGIA, - -MARCH 2d & 3d, 1859. - -A SEQUEL TO MRS. KEMBLE'S JOURNAL. - - -1863. - - - - -SALE OF SLAVES. - - -The largest sale of human chattels that has been made in Star-Spangled -America for several years, took place on Wednesday and Thursday of -last week, at the Race-course near the City of Savannah, Georgia. The -lot consisted of four hundred and thirty-six men, women, children -and infants, being that half of the negro stock remaining on the old -Major Butler plantations which fell to one of the two heirs to that -estate. Major Butler, dying, left a property valued at more than a -million of dollars, the major part of which was invested in rice and -cotton plantations, and the slaves thereon, all of which immense -fortune descended to two heirs, his sons, Mr. John A. Butler, sometime -deceased, and Mr. Pierce M. Butler, still living, and resident in the -City of Philadelphia, in the free State of Pennsylvania. Losses in the -great crash of 1857-8, and other exigencies of business, have compelled -the latter gentleman to realize on his Southern investments, that he -may satisfy his pressing creditors. This necessity led to a partition -of the negro stock on the Georgia plantations, between himself and -the representative of the other heir, the widow of the late John A. -Butler, and the negroes that were brought to the hammer last week -were the property of Mr. Pierce M. Butler, of Philadelphia, and were -in fact sold to pay Mr. Pierce M. Butler's debts. The creditors were -represented by Gen. Cadwalader, while Mr. Butler was present in person, -attended by his business agent, to attend to his own interests. - -The sale had been advertised largely for many weeks, though the name -of Mr. Butler was not mentioned; and as the negroes were known to be -a choice lot and very desirable property, the attendance of buyers -was large. The breaking up of an old family estate is so uncommon -an occurrence that the affair was regarded with unusual interest -throughout the South. For several days before the sale every hotel -in Savannah was crowded with negro speculators from North and South -Carolina, Virginia, Georgia, Alabama, and Louisiana, who had been -attracted hither by the prospects of making good bargains. Nothing -was heard for days, in the barrooms and public rooms, but talk of -the great sale; criticisms of the business affairs of Mr. Butler, -and speculations as to the probable prices the stock would bring. -The office of Joseph Bryan, the Negro Broker, who had the management -of the sale, was thronged every day by eager inquirers in search of -information, and by some who were anxious to buy, but were uncertain as -to whether their securities would prove acceptable. Little parties were -made up from the various hotels every day to visit the Race-course, -distant some three miles from the city, to look over the chattels, -discuss their points, and make memoranda for guidance on the day of -sale. The buyers were generally of a rough breed, slangy, profane -and bearish, being for the most part from the back river and swamp -plantations, where the elegancies of polite life are not, perhaps, -developed to their fullest extent. In fact, the humanities are sadly -neglected by the petty tyrants of the rice-fields that border the great -Dismal Swamp, their knowledge of the luxuries of our best society -comprehending only revolvers and kindred delicacies. - -Your correspondent was present at an early date; but as he easily -anticipated the touching welcome that would, at such a time, be -officiously extended to a representative of _The Tribune_, and being -a modest man withal, and not desiring to be the recipient of a public -demonstration from the enthusiastic Southern population, who at times -overdo their hospitality and their guests, he did not placard his -mission and claim his honors. Although he kept his business in the -back-ground, he made himself a prominent figure in the picture, and, -wherever there was anything going on, there was he in the midst. At -the sale might have been seen a busy individual, armed with pencil and -catalogue, doing his little utmost to keep up all the appearance of a -knowing buyer, pricing "likely nigger fellers," talking confidentially -to the smartest ebon maids, chucking the round-eyed youngsters under -the chin, making an occasional bid for a large family, (a low bid--so -low that somebody always instantly raised him twenty-five dollars, when -the busy man would ignominiously retreat,) and otherwise conducting -himself like a rich planter, with forty thousand dollars where he could -put his finger on it. This gentleman was much condoled with by some -sympathizing persons, when the particularly fine lot on which he had -fixed his eye was sold and lost to him forever, because he happened to -be down stairs at lunch just at the interesting moment. - - -WHERE THE NEGROES CAME FROM. - -The negroes came from two plantations, the one a rice plantation near -Darien, in the State of Georgia, not far from the great Okefenokee -Swamp, and the other a cotton plantation on the extreme northern point -of St. Simon's Island, a little bit of an island in the Atlantic, -cut off from Georgia mainland by a slender arm of the sea. Though -the most of the stock had been accustomed only to rice and cotton -planting, there were among them a number of very passable mechanics, -who had been taught to do all the rougher sorts of mechanical work -on the plantations. There were coopers, carpenters, shoemakers -and blacksmiths, each one equal, in his various craft, to the -ordinary requirements of a plantation; thus, the coopers could make -rice-tierces, and possibly, on a pinch, rude tubs and buckets; the -carpenter could do the rough carpentry about the negro-quarters; the -shoemaker could make shoes of the fashion required for the slaves, and -the blacksmith was adequate to the manufacture of hoes and similar -simple tools, and to such trifling repairs in the blacksmithing way -as did not require too refined a skill. Though probably no one of all -these would be called a superior, or even an average workman, among -the masters of the craft, their knowledge of these various trades sold -in some cases for nearly as much as the man--that is, a man without -a trade, who would be valued at $900, would readily bring $1,600 or -$1,700 if he was a passable blacksmith or cooper. - -There were no light mulattoes in the whole lot of the Butler stock, -and but very few that were even a shade removed from the original -Congo blackness. They have been little defiled by the admixture of -degenerate Anglo-Saxon blood, and, for the most part, could boast that -they were of as pure a breed as the best blood of Spain--a point in -their favor in the eyes of the buyer as well as physiologically, for -too liberal an infusion of the blood of the dominant race brings a -larger intelligence, a more vigorous brain, which, anon, grows restless -under the yoke, and is prone to inquire into the definition of the word -Liberty, and the meaning of the starry flag which waves, as you may -have heard, o'er the land of the free. The pure-blooded negroes are -much more docile and manageable than mulattoes, though less quick of -comprehension, which makes them preferred by drivers, who can stimulate -stupidity much easier than they can control intelligence by the lash. - -None of the Butler slaves have ever been sold before, but have been -on these two plantations since they were born. Here have they lived -their humble lives, and loved their simple loves; here were they born, -and here have many of them had children born unto them; here had their -parents lived before them, and are now resting in quiet graves on the -old plantations that these unhappy ones are to see no more forever; -here they left not only the well-known scenes dear to them from very -baby-hood by a thousand fond memories, and homes as much loved by -them, perhaps, as brighter homes by men of brighter faces; but all -the clinging ties that bound them to living hearts were torn asunder, -for but one-half of each of these two happy little communities was -sent to the shambles, to be scattered to the four winds, and the other -half was left behind. And who can tell how closely intertwined are the -affections of a little band of four hundred persons, living isolated -from all the world beside, from birth to middle age? Do they not -naturally become one great family, each man a brother unto each? - -It is true they were sold "in families;" but let us see: a man and his -wife were called a "family," their parents and kindred were not taken -into account; the man and wife might be sold to the pine woods of North -Carolina, their brothers and sisters be scattered through the cotton -fields of Alabama and the rice swamps of Louisiana, while the parents -might be left on the old plantation to wear out their weary lives in -heavy grief, and lay their heads in far-off graves, over which their -children might never weep. And no account could be taken of loves -that were as yet unconsummated by marriage; and how many aching hearts -have been divorced by this summary proceeding no man can ever know. -And the separation is as utter, and is infinitely more hopeless, than -that made by the Angel of Death, for then the loved ones are committed -to the care of a merciful Deity; but in the other instance, to the -tender mercies of a slave-driver. These dark-skinned unfortunates are -perfectly unlettered, and could not communicate by writing even if they -should know where to send their missives. And so to each other, and -to the old familiar places of their youth, clung all their sympathies -and affections, not less strong, perhaps, because they are so few. The -blades of grass on all the Butler estates are outnumbered by the tears -that are poured out in agony at the wreck that has been wrought in -happy homes, and the crushing grief that has been laid on loving hearts. - -But, then, what business have "niggers" with tears? Besides, didn't -Pierce Butler give them a silver dollar a-piece? which will appear -in the sequel. And, sad as it is, it was all necessary, because a -gentleman was not able to live on the beggarly pittance of half a -million, and so must needs enter into speculations which turned out -adversely. - - -HOW THEY WERE TREATED IN SAVANNAH. - -The negroes were brought to Savannah in small lots, as many at a time -as could be conveniently taken care of, the last of them reaching the -city the Friday before the sale. They were consigned to the care of Mr. -J. Bryan, Auctioneer and Negro Broker, who was to feed and keep them -in condition until disposed of. Immediately on their arrival they were -taken to the Race-course, and there quartered in the sheds erected for -the accommodation of the horses and carriages of gentlemen attending -the races. Into these sheds they were huddled pell-mell, without any -more attention to their comfort than was necessary to prevent their -becoming ill and unsaleable. Each "family" had one or more boxes or -bundles, in which were stowed such scanty articles of their clothing as -were not brought into immediate requisition, and their tin dishes and -gourds for their food and drink. - -It is, perhaps, a fit tribute to large-handed munificence to say that, -when the negro man was sold, there was no extra charge for the negro -man's clothes; they went with the man, and were not charged in the -bill. Nor is this altogether a contemptible idea, for many of them -had worldly wealth, in the shape of clothing and other valuables, to -the extent of perhaps four or five dollars; and had all these been -taken strictly into the account, the sum total of the sale would have -been increased, possibly, a thousand dollars. In the North, we do not -necessarily sell the harness with the horse; why, in the South, should -the clothes go with the negro? - -In these sheds were the chattels huddled together on the floor, there -being no sign of bench or table. They eat and slept on the bare boards, -their food being rice and beans, with occasionally a bit of bacon and -corn bread. Their huge bundles were scattered over the floor, and -thereon the slaves sat or reclined, when not restlessly moving about, -or gathered into sorrowful groups, discussing the chances of their -future fate. On the faces of all was an expression of heavy grief; -some appeared to be resigned to the hard stroke of Fortune that had -torn them from their homes, and were sadly trying to make the best -of it; some sat brooding moodily over their sorrows, their chins -resting on their hands, their eyes staring vacantly, and their bodies -rocking to and fro, with a restless motion that was never stilled; -few wept, the place was too public and the drivers too near, though -some occasionally turned aside to give way to a few quiet tears. -They were dressed in every possible variety of uncouth and fantastic -garb, in every style and of every imaginable color; the texture of -the garments was in all cases coarse, most of the men being clothed -in the rough cloth that is made expressly for the slaves. The dresses -assumed by the negro minstrels, when they give imitations of plantation -character, are by no means exaggerated; they are, instead, weak and -unable to come up to the original. There was every variety of hats, -with every imaginable slouch; and there was every cut and style of -coat and pantaloons, made with every conceivable ingenuity of misfit, -and tossed on with a general appearance of perfect looseness that is -perfectly indescribable, except to say that a Southern negro always -looks as if he could shake his clothes off without taking his hands out -of his pockets. The women, true to the feminine instinct, had made, in -almost every case, some attempt at finery. All wore gorgeous turbans, -generally manufactured in an instant out of a gay-colored handkerchief -by a sudden and graceful twist of the fingers; though there was -occasionally a more elaborate turban, a turban complex and mysterious, -got up with care, and ornamented with a few beads or bright bits of -ribbon. Their dresses were mostly coarse stuff, though there were some -gaudy calicoes; a few had ear-rings, and one possessed the treasure -of a string of yellow and blue beads. The little children were always -better and more carefully dressed than the older ones, the parental -pride coming out in the shape of a yellow cap pointed like a mitre, or -a jacket with a strip of red broadcloth round the bottom. The children -were of all sizes, the youngest being fifteen days old. The babies -were generally good-natured; though when one would set up a yell, the -complaint soon attacked the others, and a full chorus would be the -result. - -The slaves remained at the Race-course, some of them for more than a -week, and all of them for four days before the sale. They were brought -in thus early that buyers who desired to inspect them might enjoy that -privilege, although none of them were sold at private sale. For these -preliminary days their shed was constantly visited by speculators. -The negroes were examined with as little consideration as if they had -been brutes indeed; the buyers pulling their mouths open to see their -teeth, pinching their limbs to find how muscular they were, walking -them up and down to detect any signs of lameness, making them stoop -and bend in different ways that they might be certain there was no -concealed rupture or wound; and in addition to all this treatment, -asking them scores of questions relative to their qualifications and -accomplishments. All these humiliations were submitted to without a -murmur, and in some instances with good-natured cheerfulness--where the -slave liked the appearance of the proposed buyer, and fancied that he -might prove a kind "Mas'r." - -The following curiously sad scene is the type of a score of others that -were there enacted: - -"Elisha," chattel No. 5 in the catalogue, had taken a fancy to a -benevolent-looking middle-aged gentleman, who was inspecting the stock, -and thus used his powers of persuasion to induce the benevolent man to -purchase him, with his wife, boy and girl, Molly, Israel and Sevanda, -chattels Nos. 6, 7 and 8. The earnestness with which the poor fellow -pressed his suit, knowing, as he did, that perhaps the happiness of his -whole life depended on his success, was touching, and the arguments he -used most pathetic. He made no appeal to the feelings of the buyer; he -rested no hope on his charity and kindness, but only strove to show how -well worth his dollars were the bone and blood he was entreating him to -buy. - -"Look at me, Mas'r; am prime rice planter; sho' you won't find a better -man den me; no better on de whole plantation; not a bit old yet; do mo' -work den ever; do carpenter work, too, little; better buy me, Mas'r; -I'se be good sarvant, Mas'r. Molly, too, my wife, Sa, fus'rate rice -hand; mos as good as me. Stan' out yer, Molly, and let the gen'lm'n -see." - -Molly advances, with her hands crossed on her bosom, and makes a quick -short curtsy, and stands mute, looking appealingly in the benevolent -man's face. But Elisha talks all the faster. - -"Show mas'r yer arm, Molly--good arm dat, Mas'r--she do a heap of work -mo' with dat arm yet. Let good Mas'r see yer teeth, Molly--see dat -Mas'r, teeth all reg'lar, all good--she'm young gal yet. Come out yer, -Israel, walk aroun' an' let the gen'lm'n see how spry you be"-- - -Then, pointing to the three-year-old girl who stood with her chubby -hand to her mouth, holding on to her mother's dress, and uncertain what -to make of the strange scene. - -"Little Vardy's only a chile yet; make prime gal by-and-by. Better -buy us, Mas'r, we'm fus' rate bargain"--and so on. But the benevolent -gentleman found where he could drive a closer bargain, and so bought -somebody else. - -Similar scenes were transacting all the while on every side--parents -praising the strength and cleverness of their children, and showing -off every muscle and sinew to the very best advantage, not with the -excusable pride of other parents, but to make them the more desirable -in the eyes of the man-buyer; and, on the other hand, children -excusing and mitigating the age and inability of parents, that they -might be more marketable and fall, if possible, into kind hands. Not -unfrequently these representations, if borne out by the facts, secured -a purchaser. The women never spoke to the white men unless spoken to, -and then made the conference as short as possible. And not one of them -all, during the whole time they were thus exposed to the rude questions -of vulgar men, spoke the first unwomanly or indelicate word, or -conducted herself in any regard otherwise than as a modest woman should -do; their conversation and demeanor were quite as unexceptionable as -they would have been had they been the highest ladies in the land, and -through all the insults to which they were subjected they conducted -themselves with the most perfect decorum and self-respect. - -The sentiment of the subjoined characteristic dialogue was heard more -than once repeated: - -"Well, Colonel, I seen you looking sharp at Shoemaker Bill's Sally. -Going to buy her? - -"Well, Major, I think not. Sally's a good, big, strapping gal, and can -do a heap o' work; but it's five years since she had any children. -_She's done breeding, I reckon._" - -In the intervals of more active labor, the discussion of the reopening -of the slave trade was commenced, and the opinion seemed to generally -prevail that its reëstablishment is a consummation devoutly to be -wished, and one red-faced Major or General or Corporal clenched his -remarks with the emphatic assertion that "We'll have all the niggers in -Africa over here in three years--we won't leave enough for seed." - - -THE SALE. - -The Race-course at Savannah is situated about three miles from the -city, in a pleasant spot, nearly surrounded by woods. As it rained -violently during the two days of the sale, the place was only -accessible by carriages, and the result was, that few attended but -actual buyers, who had come from long distances, and could not afford -to lose the opportunity. If the affair had come off in Yankee land, -there would have been a dozen omnibuses running constantly between -the city and the Race-course, and some speculator would have bagged -a nice little sum of money by the operation. But nothing of the kind -was thought of here, and the only gainers were the livery stables, the -owners of which had sufficient Yankeeism to charge double and treble -prices. - -The conveniences for getting to the ground were so limited that there -were not enough buyers to warrant the opening of the sale for an hour -or two after the advertised time. They dropped in, however, a few at a -time, and things began to look more encouragingly for the seller. - -The negroes looked more uncomfortable than ever; the close confinement -in-doors for a number of days, and the drizzly, unpleasant weather, -began to tell on their condition. They moved about more listlessly, -and were fast losing the activity and springiness they had at first -shown. This morning they were all gathered into the long room of the -building erected as the "Grand Stand" of the Race-course, that they -might be immediately under the eye of the buyers. The room was about -a hundred feet long by twenty wide, and herein were crowded the poor -creatures, with much of their baggage, awaiting their respective calls -to step upon the block and be sold to the highest bidder. This morning -Mr. Pierce Butler appeared among his people, speaking to each one, and -being recognized with seeming pleasure by all. The men obsequiously -pulled off their hats and made that indescribable sliding hitch with -the foot which passes with a negro for a bow; and the women each -dropped the quick curtsy, which they seldom vouchsafe to any other than -their legitimate master and mistress. Occasionally, to a very old or -favorite servant, Mr. Butler would extend his gloved hand, which mark -of condescension was instantly hailed with grins of delight from all -the sable witnesses. - -The room in which the sale actually took place immediately adjoined the -room of the negroes, and communicated with it by two large doors. The -sale room was open to the air on one side, commanding a view of the -entire Course. A small platform was raised about two feet and a-half -high, on which were placed the desks of the entry clerks, leaving room -in front of them for the auctioneer and the goods. - -At about 11 o'clock the business men took their places, and announced -that the sale would begin. Mr. Bryan, the Negro Broker, is a dapper -little man, wearing spectacles and a yachting hat, sharp and sudden -in his movements, and perhaps the least bit in the world obtrusively -officious--as earnest in his language as he could be without actual -swearing, though acting much as if he would like to swear a little -at the critical moment; Mr. Bryan did not sell the goods, he merely -superintended the operation, and saw that the entry clerks did their -duty properly. The auctioneer proper was a Mr. Walsh, who deserves a -word of description. In personal appearance he is the very opposite of -Mr. Bryan, being careless in his dress instead of scrupulous, a large -man instead of a little one, a fat man instead of a lean one, and a -good-natured man instead of a fierce one. He is a rollicking old boy, -with an eye ever on the look-out, and that never lets a bidding nod -escape him; a hearty word for every bidder who cares for it, and plenty -of jokes to let off when the business gets a little slack. Mr. Walsh -has a florid complexion, not more so, perhaps, than is becoming, and -possibly not more so than is natural in a whiskey country. Not only is -his face red, but his skin has been taken off in spots by blisters of -some sort, giving him a peely look; so that, taking his face all in -all, the peeliness and the redness combined, he looks much as if he -had been boiled in the same pot with a red cabbage. - -Mr. Walsh mounted the stand and announced the terms of the sale, -"one-third cash, the remainder payable in two equal annual instalments, -bearing interest from the day of sale, to be secured by approved -mortgage and personal security, or approved acceptances in Savannah, -Ga., or Charleston, S. C. Purchasers to pay for papers." The buyers, -who were present to the number of about two hundred, clustered around -the platform; while the negroes, who were not likely to be immediately -wanted, gathered into sad groups in the back-ground, to watch the -progress of the selling in which they were so sorrowfully interested. -The wind howled outside, and through the open side of the building the -driving rain came pouring in; the bar down stairs ceased for a short -time its brisk trade; the buyers lit fresh cigars, got ready their -catalogues and pencils, and the first lot of human chattels was led -upon the stand, not by a white man, but by a sleek mulatto, himself a -slave, and who seems to regard the selling of his brethren, in which he -so glibly assists, as a capital joke. It had been announced that the -negroes would be sold in "families," that is to say, a man would not -be parted from his wife, or a mother from a very young child. There is -perhaps as much policy as humanity in this arrangement, for thereby -many aged and unserviceable people are disposed of, who otherwise would -not find a ready sale. - -The first family brought out were announced on the catalogue as - - - NAME. AGE. REMARKS. - 1. George, 27 Prime Cotton Planter. - 2. Sue, 26 Prime Rice Planter. - 3. George, 6 Boy Child. - 4. Harry, 2 Boy Child. - - -The manner of buying was announced to be bidding a certain price -a-piece for the whole lot. Thus, George and his family were started at -$300, and were finally sold at $600 each, being $2,400 for the four. To -get an idea of the relative value of each one, we must suppose George -worth $1,200, Sue worth $900, Little George worth $200, and Harry worth -$100. Owing, however, to some misapprehension on the part of the buyer, -as to the manner of bidding, he did not take the family at this figure, -and they were put up and sold again, on the second day, when they -brought $620 each, or $2,480 for the whole--an advance of $80 over the -first sale. - -Robert, and Luna his wife, who were announced as having "goitre, -otherwise very prime," brought the round sum of $1,005 each. But that -your readers may have an idea of the exact manner in which things -are done, I append a couple of pages of the catalogue used on this -occasion, which you can print verbatim: - - - 99--Kate's John, aged 30; rice, prime man. - 100--Betsey, 29; rice, unsound. - 101--Kate, 6. - 102--Violet, 3 months. - Sold for $510 each. - 103--Wooster, 45; rice hand, and fair mason. - 104--Mary, 40; cotton hand. - Sold for $300 each. - 105--Commodore Bob, aged; rice hand. - 106--Kate, aged; cotton. - 107--Linda, 19; cotton, prime young woman. - 108--Joe, 13; rice, prime boy. - Sold for $600 each. - 109--Bob, 30; rice. - 110--Mary, 25; rice, prime woman. - Sold for $1,135 each. - 111--Anson, 49; rice--ruptured, one eye. - 112--Violet, 55; rice hand. - Sold for $250 each. - 113--Allen Jeffrey, 46; rice hand and sawyer in steam mill. - 114--Sikey, 43; rice hand. - 115--Watty, 5; infirm legs. - Sold for $520 each. - 116--Rina, 18; rice, prime young woman. - 117--Lena, 1. - Sold for $645 each. - 118--Pompey, 31; rice--lame in one foot. - 119--Kitty, 30; rice, prime woman. - 120--Pompey, Jr., 10; prime boy. - 121--John, 7. - 122--Noble, 1; boy. - Sold for $580 each. - 341--Goin, 39; rice hand. - 342--Cassander, 35; cotton hand--has fits. - 343--Emiline, 19; cotton, prime young woman. - 344--Judy, 11; cotton, prime girl. - Sold for $400 each. - 345--Dorcas, 17; cotton, prime woman. - 346--Joe, 3 months. - Sold for $1,200 each. - 347--Tom, 22; cotton hand. Sold for $1,260. - 348--Judge Will, 55; rice hand. Sold for $325. - 349--Lowden, 54; cotton hand. - 350--Hagar, 50; cotton hand. - 351--Lowden, 15; cotton, prime boy. - 352--Silas, 13; cotton, prime boy. - 353--Lettia, 11; cotton, prime girl. - Sold for $300 each. - 354--Fielding, 21; cotton, prime young man. - 355--Abel, 19; cotton, prime young man. - Sold for $1,295 each. - 356--Smith's Bill, aged; sore leg. - 357--Leah, 46; cotton hand. - 358--Sally, 9. - Withdrawn. - 359--Adam, 24; rice, prime man. - 360--Charlotte, 22; rice, prime woman. - 361--Lesh, 1. - Sold for $750 each. - 362--Maria, 47; rice hand. - 363--Luna, 22; rice, prime woman. - 364--Clementina, 17; rice, prime young woman. - Sold for $950 each. - 365--Tom, 48; rice hand. - 366--Harriet, 41; rice hand - 367--Wanney, 19; rice hand, prime young man. - 368--Deborah, 6. - 369--Infant, 3 months. - Sold for $700 each. - - -It seems as if every shade of character capable of being implicated in -the sale of human flesh and blood was represented among the buyers. -There was the Georgia fast young man, with his pantaloons tucked into -his boots, his velvet cap jauntily dragged over to one side, his cheek -full of tobacco, which he bites from a huge plug, that resembles -more than anything else an old bit of a rusty wagon tire, and who -is altogether an animal of quite a different breed from your New -York fast man. His ready revolver, or his convenient knife, is ready -for instant use in case of a heated argument. White-neck-clothed, -gold-spectacled, and silver-haired old men were there, resembling in -appearance that noxious breed of sanctimonious deacons we have at the -North, who are perpetually leaving documents at your door that you -never read, and the business of whose mendicant life it is to eternally -solicit subscriptions for charitable associations, of which they are -treasurers. These gentry, with quiet step and subdued voice, moved -carefully about among the live stock, ignoring, as a general rule, the -men, but tormenting the women with questions which, when accidentally -overheard by the disinterested spectator, bred in that spectator's -mind an almost irresistible desire to knock somebody down. And then, -all imaginable varieties of rough, backwoods rowdies, who began the -day in a spirited manner, but who, as its hours progressed, and their -practice at the bar became more prolific in results, waxed louder and -talkier and more violent, were present, and added a characteristic -feature to the assemblage. Those of your readers who have read "Uncle -Tom,"--and who has not?--will remember, with peculiar feelings, -Legree, the slave-driver and woman-whipper. That that character is not -been overdrawn, or too highly colored, there is abundant testimony. -Witness the subjoined dialogue: A party of men were conversing on the -fruitful subject of managing refractory "niggers;" some were for severe -whipping, some recommending branding, one or two advocated other modes -of torture, but one huge brute of a man, who had not taken an active -part in the discussion, save to assent, with approving nod, to any -unusually barbarous proposition, at last broke his silence by saying, -in an oracular way, "You may say what you like about managing niggers; -I'm a driver myself, and I've had some experience, and I ought to know. -You can manage ordinary niggers by lickin' 'em, and givin' 'em a taste -of the hot iron once in awhile when they're extra ugly; but if a nigger -really sets himself up against me, I can't never have any patience with -him. I just get my pistol and shoot him right down; and that's the best -way." - -And this brute was talking to gentlemen, and his remarks were listened -to with attention, and his assertions assented to by more than one in -the knot of listeners. But all this time the sale was going on, and -the merry Mr. Walsh, with many a quip and jest, was beguiling the -time when the bidding was slow. The expression on the faces of all who -stepped on the block was always the same, and told of more anguish than -it is in the power of words to express. Blighted homes, crushed hopes -and broken hearts, was the sad story to be read in all the anxious -faces. Some of them regarded the sale with perfect indifference, never -making a motion, save to turn from one side to the other at the word -of the dapper Mr. Bryan, that all the crowd might have a fair view of -their proportions, and then, when the sale was accomplished, stepped -down from the block without caring to cast even a look at the buyer, -who now held all their happiness in his hands. Others, again, strained -their eyes with eager glances from one buyer to another as the bidding -went on, trying with earnest attention to follow the rapid voice of -the auctioneer. Sometimes, two persons only would be bidding for the -same chattel, all the others having resigned the contest, and then the -poor creature on the block, conceiving an instantaneous preference for -one of the buyers over the other, would regard the rivalry with the -intensest interest, the expression of his face changing with every bid, -settling into a half smile of joy if the favorite buyer persevered unto -the end and secured the property, and settling down into a look of -hopeless despair if the other won the victory. - - -DAPHNEY'S BABY. - -The family of Primus, plantation carpenter, consisting of Daphney his -wife, with her young babe, and Dido, a girl of three years old, were -reached in due course of time. Daphney had a large shawl, which she -kept carefully wrapped round her infant and herself. This unusual -proceeding attracted much attention, and provoked many remarks, such as -these: - -"What do you keep your nigger covered up for? Pull off her blanket." - -"What's the matter with the gal? Has she got the headache?" - -"What's the fault of the gal? Ain't she sound? Pull off her rags and -let us see her." - -"Who's going to bid on that nigger, if you keep her covered up. Let's -see her face." - -And a loud chorus of similar remarks, emphasized with profanity, and -mingled with sayings too indecent and obscene to be even hinted at -here, went up from the crowd of chivalrous Southern gentlemen. - -At last the auctioneer obtained a hearing long enough to explain that -there was no attempt to practise any deception in the case--the parties -were not to be wronged in any way; he had no desire to palm off on -them an inferior article; but the truth of the matter was that Daphney -had been confined only fifteen days ago, and he thought that on that -account she was entitled to the slight indulgence of a blanket, to keep -from herself and child the chill air and the driving rain. - -Will your lady readers look at the circumstances of this case? The day -was the 2d day of March. Daphney's baby was born into the world on St. -Valentine's happy day, the 14th of February. - -Since her confinement, Daphney had traveled from the plantation to -Savannah, where she had been kept in a shed for six days. On the sixth -or seventh day after her sickness, she had left her bed, taken a -railroad journey across the country to the shambles, was there exposed -for six days to the questionings and insults of the negro speculators, -and then on the fifteenth day after her confinement was put up on the -block, with her husband and her other child, and, with her new-born -baby in her arms, sold to the highest bidder. - -It was very considerate of Daphney to be sick before the sale, for her -wailing babe was worth to Mr. Butler all of a hundred dollars. The -family sold for $625 a-piece, or $2,500 for the four. - - -BOB AND MARY. - -This was a couple not quite a year married, and were down in the -catalogue as "prime." They had no children yet; Mary, with a -reprehensible lack of that tender interest in Mr. Butler's affairs that -had been exhibited in so eminent a degree by Daphney, had disappointed -that worthy man's expectations, and the baby as yet was not. But Bob -and Mary sold for $1,135 a-piece, for all that. - -In another instance, Margaret, the wife of Doctor George, who was -confined on February 16, though the name of herself and family were -inserted in the catalogue, did not come to the sale, and consequently, -they were not disposed of at all. As Margaret's baby was fully four -days old at the time she was required to start on her journey to -Savannah, we can only look at her refusal to go as a most culpable -instance of perversity. Margaret should be whipped, and branded, and -otherwise kindly admonished of her great sin in thus disappointing the -reasonable expectations of so kind a master. But Mr. Butler bore with -her in a truly Christian spirit, and uttered no reproach--in public -at least. It was the more unkind of Margaret, too, because there were -six in the family who would have brought probably $4,000, and all were -detained from the sale by the contumacy of misguided Margaret. - -While on the subject of babies, it may be mentioned that Amity, chattel -No. 316, wife of Prince, chattel No. 315, had testified her earnest -desire to contribute all in her power to the worldly wealth of her -master by bringing into the world at one time chattles Nos. 317 and -318, being a fine pair of twin boys, just a year old. It is not in -evidence that Amity received from her master any testimonial of his -appreciating her good behavior on this occasion, but it is certain -that she brought a great price, the four, Prince, Amity and the twins -selling for $670 a-piece, being a total of $2,680. - -Many other babies, of all ages of baby-hood, were sold, but there was -nothing particularly interesting about them. There were some thirty -babies in the lot; they are esteemed worth to the master a hundred -dollars the day they are born, and to increase in value at the rate of -a hundred dollars a year till they are sixteen or seventeen years old, -at which age they bring the best prices. - - -THE LOVE STORY OF JEFFREY AND DORCAS. - -Jeffrey, chattel No. 319, marked as a "prime cotton hand," aged 23 -years, was put up. Jeffrey being a likely lad, the competition was -high. The first bid was $1,100, and he was finally sold for $1,310. -Jeffrey was sold alone; he had no incumbrance in the shape of an aged -father or mother, who must necessarily be sold with him; nor had he -any children, for Jeffrey was not married. But Jeffrey, chattel No. -319, being human in his affections, had dared to cherish a love for -Dorcas, chattel No. 278; and Dorcas, not having the fear of her master -before her eyes, had given her heart to Jeffrey. Whether what followed -was a just retribution on Jeffrey and Dorcas, for daring to take such -liberties with their master's property as to exchange hearts, or -whether it only goes to prove that with black as with white the saying -holds, that "the course of true love never did run smooth," cannot now -be told. Certain it is that these two lovers were not to realize the -consummation of their hopes in happy wedlock. Jeffrey and Dorcas had -told their loves, had exchanged their simple vows, and were betrothed, -each to the other as dear, and each by the other as fondly beloved as -though their skins had been of fairer color. And who shall say that, in -the sight of Heaven and all holy angels, these two humble hearts were -not as closely wedded as any two of the prouder race that call them -slaves? - -Be that as it may, Jeffrey was sold. He finds out his new master; -and, hat in hand, the big tears standing in his eyes, and his voice -trembling with emotion, he stands before that master and tells his -simple story, praying that his betrothed may be bought with him. Though -his voice trembles, there is no embarrassment in his manner; his fears -have killed all the bashfulness that would naturally attend such a -recital to a stranger, and before unsympathizing witnesses; he feels -that he is pleading for the happiness of her he loves, as well as for -his own, and his tale is told in a frank and manly way. - -"I loves Dorcas, young Mas'r; I loves her well an' true; she says she -loves me, and I know she does; de good Lord knows I loves her better -than I loves any one in de wide world--never can love another woman -half so well. Please buy Dorcas, Mas'r. We're be good sarvants to you -long as we live. We're be married right soon, young Mas'r, and de -chillun will be healthy and strong, Mas'r, and dey'll be good sarvants, -too. Please buy Dorcas, young Mas'r. We loves each other a heap--do, -really true, Mas'r." - -Jeffrey then remembers that no loves and hopes of his are to enter into -the bargain at all, but in the earnestness of his love he has forgotten -to base his plea on other ground till now, when he bethinks him and -continues, with his voice not trembling now, save with eagerness to -prove how worthy of many dollars is the maiden of his heart: - -"Young Mas'r, Dorcas prime woman--A1 woman, sa. Tall gal, sir; long -arms, strong, healthy, and can do a heap of work in a day. She is one -of de best rice hands on de whole plantation; worth $1,200 easy, Mas'r, -an' fus'rate bargain at that." - -The man seems touched by Jeffrey's last remarks, and bids him fetch out -his "gal, and let's see what she looks like." - -Jeffrey goes into the long room, and presently returns with -Dorcas, looking very sad and self-possessed, without a particle of -embarrassment at the trying position in which she is placed. She makes -the accustomed curtsy, and stands meekly with her hands clasped across -her bosom, waiting the result. The buyer regards her with a critical -eye, and growls in a low voice that the "gal has good p'ints." Then -he goes on to a more minute and careful examination of her working -abilities. He turns her around, makes her stoop, and walk; and then he -takes off her turban to look at her head that no wound or disease be -concealed by the gay handkerchief; he looks at her teeth, and feels -of her arms, and at last announces himself pleased with the result of -his observations, whereat Jeffrey, who has stood near, trembling with -eager hope, is overjoyed, and he smiles for the first time. The buyer -then crowns Jeffrey's happiness by making a promise that he will buy -her, if the price isn't run up too high. And the two lovers step aside -and congratulate each other on their good fortune. But Dorcas is not -to be sold till the next day, and there are twenty-four long hours of -feverish expectation. - -Early next morning is Jeffrey alert, and, hat in hand, encouraged to -unusual freedom by the greatness of the stake for which he plays, he -addresses every buyer, and of all who will listen he begs the boon of a -word to be spoken to his new master to encourage him to buy Dorcas. And -all the long morning he speaks in his homely way with all who know him, -that they will intercede to save his sweetheart from being sold away -from him forever. No one has the heart to deny a word of promise and -encouragement to the poor fellow, and, joyous with so much kindness, -his hopes and spirits gradually rise until he feels almost certain that -the wish of heart will be accomplished. And Dorcas, too, is smiling, -for is not Jeffrey's happiness her own? - -At last comes the trying moment, and Dorcas steps up on the stand. - -But now a most unexpected feature in the drama is for the first time -unmasked: _Dorcas is not to be sold alone_, but with a family of four -others. Full of dismay, Jeffrey looks to his master, who shakes his -head, for, although he might be induced to buy Dorcas alone, he has no -use for the rest of the family. Jeffrey reads his doom in his master's -look, and turns away, the tears streaming down his honest face. - -So Dorcas is sold, and her toiling life is to be spent in the cotton -fields of South Carolina, while Jeffrey goes to the rice plantation of -the Great Swamp. - -And to-morrow, Jeffrey and Dorcas are to say their tearful farewell, -and go their separate ways in life, to meet no more as mortal beings. - -But didn't Mr. Pierce Butler give them a silver dollar a-piece? Who -shall say there is no magnanimity in slave-owners? - -In another hour I see Dorcas in the long room, sitting motionless as a -statue, with her head covered with a shawl. And I see Jeffrey, who goes -to his new master, pulls off his hat and says: "I'se very much obliged, -Mas'r, to you for tryin' to help me. I knows you would have done it if -you could--thank you, Mas'r--thank you--but--its--berry--hard"--and -here the poor fellow breaks down entirely and walks away, covering his -face with his battered hat, and sobbing like a very child. - -He is soon surrounded by a group of his colored friends, who, with an -instinctive delicacy most unlooked for, stand quiet, and with uncovered -heads, about him. - -Anson and Violet, chattels Nos. 111 and 112, were sold for $250 each, -both being old, and Anson being down in the catalogue as "ruptured and -as having one eye." Violet was sold as being sick. Her disease was -probably consumption, which supposition gave rise to the following -feeling conversation between two buyers: - -"Cheap gal, that, Major!" - -"Don't think so. They may talk about her being sick; it's no easy -sickness she's got. She's got consumption, and the man that buys her'll -have to be a doctrin' her all the time, and she'll die in less than -three months. I won't have anything to do with her--don't want any half -dead niggers about me." - - -THE MARKET VALUE OF AN EYE. - -Guy, chattel No. 419, "a prime young man," sold for $1,280, being -without blemish; his age was twenty years, and he was altogether a -fine article. His next-door neighbor, Andrew, chattel No. 420, was his -very counterpart in all marketable points, in size, age, skill, and -everything save that he had lost his right eye. Andrew sold for only -$1,040, from which we argue that the market value of the right eye in -the Southern country is $240. - - -AN UNEXPECTED MARRIAGE. - -When the family of Mingo, consisting of his wife, two sons and a -daughter, was called for, it was announced by the auctioneer that -chattel No. 322, Dembo, the eldest son, aged 20, had the evening before -procured the services of a minister, and been joined in wedlock to -chattel No. 404, Frances, and that he should be compelled to put up -the bride and groom in one lot. They were called up, and, as was to be -expected, their appearance was the signal for a volley of coarse jokes -from the auctioneer, and of ribald remarks from the surrounding crowd. -The newly-married pair bore it bravely, although one refined gentleman -took hold of Frances's lips and pulled them apart, to see her age. - -This sort of thing it is that makes Northern blood boil, and Northern -fists clench with a laudable desire to hit somebody. It was almost too -much for endurance to stand and see those brutal slave-drivers pushing -the women about, pulling their lips apart with their not too cleanly -hands, and committing many another indecent act, while the husbands, -fathers and brothers of those women were compelled to witness these -things, without the power to resent the outrage. - -Dembo and Frances were at last struck off for $1,320 each, and went to -spend their honey-moon on a cotton plantation in Alabama. - - -THE CASE OF JOSHUA'S MOLLY. - -The auctioneer brought up Joshua's Molly and family. He announced that -Molly insisted that she was lame in her left foot, and perversely would -walk lame, although for his part, he did not believe a word of it. He -had caused her to be examined by an eminent physician in Savannah, -which medical light had declared that Joshua's Molly was not lame, but -was only shamming. However, the gentlemen must judge for themselves and -bid accordingly. So Molly was put through her paces, and compelled to -trot up and down along the stage, to go up and down the steps, and to -exercise her feet in various ways, but always with the same result, the -left foot _would_ be lame. She was finally sold for $695. - -Whether she really was lame or not no one knows but herself, but -it must be remembered that to a slave a lameness, or anything that -decreases his market value, is a thing to be rejoiced over. A man in -the prime of life, worth $1,600 or thereabouts, can have little hope -of ever being able, by any little savings of his own, to purchase his -liberty. But let him have a rupture, or lose a limb, or sustain any -other injury that renders him of much less service to his owner, and -reduces his value to $300 or $400, and he may hope to accumulate that -sum, and eventually to purchase his liberty. Freedom without health is -infinitely sweeter than health without freedom. - -And so the Great Sale went on for two long days, during which time -there were sold 429 men, women and children. There were 436 announced -to be sold, but a few were detained on the plantations by sickness. - -At the close of the sale, on the last day, several baskets of champagne -were produced, and all were invited to partake, the wine being at the -expense of the broker, Mr. Bryan. - -The total amount of the sale foots up $303,850--the proceeds of the -first day being $161,480, and of the second day $142,370. - -The highest sum paid for any one family was given for Sally Walker and -her five children, who were mostly grown up. The price was $6,180. - -The highest price paid for a single man was $1,750, which was given for -William, a "fair carpenter and caulker." - -The highest price paid for a woman was $1,250, which was given for -Jane, "cotton hand and house servant." - -The lowest price paid was for Anson and Violet, a gray-haired couple, -each having numbered more than fifty years; they brought but $250 -a-piece. - - -MR. PIERCE BUTLER GIVES HIS PEOPLE A DOLLAR A-PIECE. - -Leaving the Race buildings, where the scenes we have described took -place, a crowd of negroes were seen gathered eagerly about a white man. -That man was Pierce M. Butler, of the free City of Philadelphia, who -was solacing the wounded hearts of the people he had sold from their -firesides and their homes, by doling out to them small change at the -rate of a dollar a-head. To every negro he had sold, who presented his -claim for the paltry pittance, he gave the munificent stipend of one -whole dollar, in specie; he being provided with two canvas bags of 25 -cent pieces, fresh from the mint, to give an additional glitter to his -generosity. - -And now come the scenes of the last partings--of the final separations -of those who were akin, or who had been such dear friends from youth -that no ties of kindred could bind them closer--of those who were all -in all to each other, and for whose bleeding hearts there shall be -no earthly comfort--the parting of parents and children, of brother -from brother, and the rending of sister from a sister's bosom; and O! -hardest, cruellest of all, the tearing asunder of loving hearts, wedded -in all save the one ceremony of the Church--these scenes pass all -description; it is not meet for pen to meddle with tears so holy. - -As the last family stepped down from the block, the rain ceased, for -the first time in four days, the clouds broke away, and the soft -sunlight fell on the scene. The unhappy slaves had many of them been -already removed, and others were now departing with their new masters. - -That night, not a steamer left that Southern port, not a train of cars -sped away from that cruel city, that did not bear each its own sad -burden of those unhappy ones, whose only crime is that they are not -strong and wise. Some of them maimed and wounded, some scarred and -gashed, by accident, or by the hand of ruthless drivers--all sad and -sorrowful as human hearts can be. - -But the stars shone out as brightly as if such things had never been, -the blushing fruit-trees poured their fragrance on the evening air, and -the scene was as calmly sweet and quiet as if Man had never marred the -glorious beauties of Earth by deeds of cruelty and wrong. - -*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK WHAT BECAME OF THE SLAVES ON A -GEORGIA PLANTATION? *** - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will -be renamed. - -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the -United States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. 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