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diff --git a/old/64785-0.txt b/old/64785-0.txt deleted file mode 100644 index 25b81f3..0000000 --- a/old/64785-0.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4710 +0,0 @@ -The Project Gutenberg eBook, The Spanish Influenza Pandemic of 1918, by -Oscar Jewell Harvey - - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most -other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of -the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you'll have -to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this ebook. - - - - -Title: The Spanish Influenza Pandemic of 1918 - An Account of Its Ravages in Luzerne County, Pennsylvania, and the Efforts Made to Combat and Subdue It - - -Author: Oscar Jewell Harvey - - - -Release Date: March 11, 2021 [eBook #64785] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: UTF-8 - - -***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE SPANISH INFLUENZA PANDEMIC OF -1918*** - - -E-text prepared by Turgut Dincer, Barry Abrahamsen, and the Online -Distributed Proofreading Team (http://www.pgdp.net) from page images -generously made available by Internet Archive (https://archive.org) - - - -Note: Images of the original pages are available through - Internet Archive. See - https://archive.org/details/0266067.nlm.nih.gov - - -Transcriber’s note: - - Text that was in italics is enclosed by underscores - (_italics_). - - - - - -THE SPANISH INFLUENZA PANDEMIC OF 1918 - - ------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -[Illustration] - - This Certificate of Merit - - IS AWARDED TO - - PHYSICIANS, NURSES, RED CROSS - WORKERS _and_ VOLUNTEERS - -most of whom sacrificed much time, many of whom sacrificed their health, -and several gave their lives, in the care, nursing and relief of the -stricken people of Luzerne County during the world epidemic, and whose -measures of relief were gratefully received by our people, many of whom -were aliens and strangers, who, understanding little of our language, -nevertheless understood the care and love bestowed upon them at the time -of their great affliction. - -History records many instances of epidemics, famines and wars, where -measures of relief were taken for those who were most sorely afflicted, -and the battlefields of our recent war scintillate with heroism. -Individuals, platoons, whole companies and regiments offered themselves -for their fellow men, and future historians will vie with one another in -their endeavor to have live the thousands of heroic incidents in the -great World War, to the end that they may serve as lamps for the feet of -coming generations of freemen. - -Nevertheless, civic life—those back home, those who were not inspired in -the presence of the glare and pageantry of military life, those whose -call to duty was heard and as readily performed in no less a measure of -satisfaction—were willing and anxious to take part in the work demanded -of humanity, and were ready to give their all, if need be, for those who -so sorely needed succor. - -We are proud of the citizens of Luzerne County—we are proud of the men -and women who live on the fair hills and in the valleys of this -County—and as a people we are most grateful for the services so -willingly offered, the sacrifices so commonly made, and the heroic work -so opportunely accomplished. - -This devotion given and shown to their fellow men, to women and to -helpless children, testifies splendidly to a love of country and of -fellow men, as well as to that love of humanity taught by the lowly and -great Nazarene. - -This expression, so briefly recorded here, is intended as a testimonial -of, and appreciation for, each individual identified with the care and -relief of the stricken people of Luzerne County. A record is herewith -preserved of the names, so far as known, of those who are thus entitled -to receive the same. - -The Committee in whose hands the organization and distribution of relief -was placed, testifies in this brief way to the splendid work -accomplished, and the highly successful co-operative movement of the -State, County, Cities and Towns, and does so, with the thought that -their fellow citizens, when they shall have read of the epidemic as here -set forth, will feel that they are duly bound to express personally, and -publicly, whenever occasion offers, something of their willingness to -give a full measure of approval to those who made sacrifices in the work -so nobly done. - - GENERAL COMMITTEE - Luzerne County Influenza Epidemic, 1918-1919 - ------------------------------------------------------------------------- - - -THE -SPANISH INFLUENZA PANDEMIC -OF 1918. - -An account of its ravages in Luzerne County, -Pennsylvania, and the efforts made -to combat and subdue it. - -by - -OSCAR JEWELL HARVEY. - - - - - - -Wilkes-Barré, Penn’a, -January, 1920. - - ------------------------------------------------------------------------- - - - - - ─The─ - - Spanish Influenza Pandemic of - 1918. - - By Oscar Jewell Harvey. - - ═══════ - - -EARLY in September, 1918, the United States was invaded by a scourge of -highly infectious and fatal disease, which spread with rapidity -throughout the country. It was pandemic in its nature, and partook of -many of the characteristics of influenza, grip and pneumonia. No one -seemed to know much about the disease or its treatment, and medical -science and public health agencies were alike unprepared to cope with -it. - -About all that could be done at the start was to adopt and attempt to -enforce drastic regulations to minimize contagion; but even in view of -these regulations, and when the plague had burst forth in all its -widespread malignity, the country at large seemed slow to awaken to the -enormity of the peril which it faced. - -It certainly was a disconcerting fact that, at the very time when vast -numbers of the people in widely-distributed localities had organized -themselves, through the Red Cross and other well-known and efficient -mediums, to fight disease and prevent suffering and death, we should be -smitten with a visitation which caused more casualties and deaths among -the peaceful citizens in the homeland than the deadly missiles and -poisonous gases of the enemy effected among the American Expeditionary -Forces overseas in the great World War. - -From September 9 to November 9, according to reports received by the -Federal Census Bureau from forty-six large cities in the United States -having a combined population of 23,000,000 souls, there was a total of -82,306 deaths attributed to the scourge. In a similar period of time, in -the same communities, the normal number of deaths dues to influenza and -pneumonia would have been about 4,000. - -In the latter part of September 85,000 cases in Massachusetts alone were -reported; and by the first week in October the disease was prevalent in -nearly all sections of the United States—twenty-three States, from -Massachusetts in the East to California in the West, and from Florida in -the South-east to Washington in the North-west, were experiencing the -mysterious malady. More than 14,000 cases in the military camps of the -country were reported to the office of the Surgeon General of the Army -within one period of twenty-four hours. - -Up to January 4, 1919, according to the Census Bureau, the mortality due -to the fatal disease was 115,258 in forty-six cities of the United -States containing one-fifth of the population of the country; while, -according to statistics submitted to the Actuarial Society of America in -July, 1919, 450,000 deaths occurred in the United States in the Autumn -and early Winter of 1918 due to this pandemic disease—which wrought its -greatest havoc among infants and persons in adult working life. The -mortality of males was greater than that of females, while the highest -mortality caused by the disease affected persons of the wage-earning -class—especially those situated in the lowest economic range. - -The origin or source of the disease was unknown. Some experts looked -upon it as simply a variety of a well-known disease prevalent, with -occasional outbreaks of violence, for hundreds of years. Others -attempted to identify it with a form of pneumonic plague that has raged -in parts of China for a number of years past—China and its neighboring -lands in Asia forming a vast storehouse of infection from which great -epidemics have swept in waves across and around the globe. - -It is an historic fact that, in the early part of 1917 about 200,000 -coolies, collected from the northern part of China (where the pneumonic -plague had raged for six or seven years), were sent to France as -laborers, and with them went the germs of the pneumonic plague. Many of -these coolies were captured by the Germans in the Spring of 1918—hence -the outbreak of the plague, at that time, in the German army, where it -is said to have been very serious in its deadly character. - -There were some writers of the press who declared that the disease had -been brought into this country in German submarine boats; but when it -was realized that, like a scourge of the Middle Ages, it was sweeping -through Europe—no part of which, civilized or barbarian, was exempt—it -was called by many experts a by-product of the World War. - -The manner of the pandemic’s appearance in different countries indicated -that the germs of the disease had been conveyed thither by the currents -of the air. Therefore the theory was broached, that the poison gases, -with which many sectors of the fighting area in Europe and Asia were -drenched, were carried by the winds in every direction, causing the -outbreak of the pandemic in England, Germany, France, Spain, Australia, -Africa and Asia, as well as in North America and some of the South -American countries. - -The disease took its deadly toll even in lonely Labrador, in the “silent -North” of the Western Hemisphere, where ice-floes from farther north -fill every harbor of the rock-bound coast; where giant icebergs, miles -in length, mountains in height and acres in extent bar the paths of -ships and steamers. “A land where railroads are unknown, where streets -are never laid nor roads built to connect one settlement with another; a -country where horses and cows are less known than are the rhinoceros and -zebra to the inhabitants of the United States; a region where even -canned milk is a luxury and candy is seldom seen.” - -On all the desolate coast of Labrador, extending over eight degrees of -latitude, not a doctor nor a trained nurse, not a hospital nor a -dispensary, not even a health officer, was to be found. Eskimo and -Indian, German and Briton, halfbreed and white, hunter and fisherman, -fell victims to the dreaded scourge, which traveled with rapidity. Whole -settlements were left without a single survivor—the unburied corpses -being devoured by half-starved dogs. This is the story that came out of -the “silent North”—the most gruesome, most awful, tale of disease and -death that the world has heard in many a day! - -Following the outbreak of the scourge in Germany it was next heard of in -Spain, where it received the name “Spanish influenza”. This is really a -misnomer, but it has stuck, probably because the disease to which it was -applied was the first epidemic of influenza Spain had ever experienced. -This name accompanied the disease to the United States, where, by some -slangologists, it was early transmogrified into “flu”—by which -appellation it has been pretty commonly designated. - -The scourge invaded Pennsylvania about the middle of September, 1918, -simultaneously attacking widely-separated communities. On October 1 the -Department of Health of the Commonwealth issued orders directing the -closing of all moving-picture houses, theaters and places of amusement -in general; that public assemblages be discontinued; that funerals be -privately conducted; that all bar-rooms and wholesale liquor -establishments be closed. The matter of closing schools, churches and -Sunday schools was left to the discretion of local authorities. In -addition, the Department issued proclamations and appeals for hearty -coöperation on the part of the general public in checking the ravages of -the scourge. - -In Wilkes-Barré on October 3, 4 and 5 the directions and appeals of the -State Department of Health were promptly and cheerfully complied with -(even clubs and the various fraternal orders and societies observing the -mandates, while the sessions of the Courts of Luzerne County for the -week beginning October 7 were continued and postponed), although on the -first day of the appearance of the disease here only twenty cases were -officially reported. - -Owing to the absence of many local physicians and trained nurses in the -military and naval services of the United States, Wyoming Valley Chapter -of the Red Cross issued an appeal on October 3 for trained nurses and -for women with some nursing experience to register with the Chapter for -service in combating the disease here. - -Under the date of October 8 the Commissioner of Health of Pennsylvania -issued a circular letter to Department of Health and other physicians -“engaged in the State-wide organization against the Influenza Epidemic,” -in which, among other things, the following information and instructions -were set forth: - - “From close observation of the progress of the pandemic of - influenza which is now sweeping upon us from the Atlantic - seaboard, it has been decided by the Governor of this - Commonwealth, the Commissioner of Health and the Advisory Board - of the Pennsylvania Department of Health to use the organization - at hand, and all available organizations that will co-operate to - the utmost, in an effort to save the lives of our people. - Accordingly, after careful thought, the following [among other] - plans have been adopted: - - “The State Department of Health to be in absolute control and - take full responsibility. - - “The formation of nineteen Epidemic Emergency Districts, with a - representative of the Department in full charge of each - district, taking his orders directly from the Commissioner of - Health and transmitting them to those who answer the call. - - “Appeals to all Health, Patriotic, Civic, Religious, Business - and Social organizations, such as the Red Cross (graduates in - elementary hygiene and home care of the sick, or first aid), - Associated Charities, Boards of Health, Mayors, Councils, County - Commissioners, Directors of the Poor, Boards of Trade, Church - Societies, Fraternal Orders, Women’s Clubs, Boy Scouts, Motor - Messenger Corps, trained nurses, practical attendants, lay - workers and volunteer automobilists, to lend all possible - assistance under the direction of the Department. - - “The Adjutant General has placed the entire State Guard, and all - the equipment of his department, at our disposal for the - erection of emergency hospitals, furnishing of supplies, - safe-guarding of property and the maintenance of discipline. - - “Requests for aid from stricken communities should be made to - the nearest representative of the Department, who will refer - them to the physician in charge of the Epidemic Emergency - District. This includes calls for doctors, nurses, aids, - materials and any other form of relief. The Department will make - a supreme effort to satisfy all such needs as rapidly as - possible. However, where these are at hand, they should be - obtained locally. * * * - - “All attendants should wear masks. * * * - - “Treatment of Influenza and Pneumonia. * * *” - -In furthering the foregoing plans and regulations Dr. Charles H. Miner -of Wilkes-Barré, who was at that time, and had been for ten years, -County Medical Inspector of the State Department of Health for Luzerne -County, was appointed on October 8, by the Acting Commissioner of Health -(Dr. B. Franklin Royer), “to take full charge of the organization and -co-ordination of all work in District No. 5,” composed of Luzerne and -Columbia Counties, with headquarters at Wilkes-Barré. - -The same day the Acting Commissioner telephoned from Harrisburg to the -County Medical Inspector at Wilkes-Barré, informing the latter of his -appointment as aforementioned, and asking him to request Maj. Gen. C. B. -Dougherty of Wilkes-Barré to aid him in arranging and setting forward -plans for the proper handling of the situation in the 5th District. - -General Dougherty responded promptly to the call for his services, and -he and the County Medical Inspector soon concluded, in view of the fact -that the regular and permanent hospitals located in the 5th District -were just about “crowded to their limits” with influenza and pneumonic -patients, and that the new cases reported each day in the various -communities were becoming more numerous, that it would be necessary to -establish and equip several emergency hospitals. - -It was decided to establish an Emergency Hospital in Wilkes-Barré -(where, on October 8, sixty new cases of influenza had been reported to -the County Medical Inspector), and the armory of the 9th Regiment, -National Guard of Pennsylvania, located on South Main Street, was -selected for the purpose. - -For some time then the 2d Infantry, Pennsylvania Reserve Militia (Col. -S. E. W. Eyer commanding), had occupied the armory as its headquarters. -On October 8 Colonel Eyer turned over the armory to the representatives -of the Department of Health, and immediately, under the direction and -supervision of General Dougherty, the work of thoroughly scrubbing and -cleaning the building from top to bottom was begun and was rapidly -completed. Then the Shepherd Construction Company of Wilkes-Barré began -the erection of four wards on the drill floor of the armory. - -Each of these wards was 21×27 feet in area by 10 feet in height, the -walls, or partitions, being constructed of hemlock studding covered with -beaver board. Each ward had a capacity of fifteen cots,[1] whereby ample -air space was allowed for each patient. Considerable plumbing work had -to be installed in order to facilitate the efforts of nurses and -attendants in giving proper care and attention to the hospital patients. -This plumbing work, when completed, represented an outlay of $605.49. -Also, the lighting facilities of the armory not being sufficient, it was -necessary to install additional wiring and lights throughout the entire -building, which was done at an expense of $190. - -Footnote 1: - - This arrangement provided accommodations for sixty patients, which, - later on, were found to be insufficient to meet the demands for - admission to the hospital; whereupon four more wards of the same - dimensions and materials were erected. These wards, when completed, - gave the hospital eight wards with a total capacity of 120 beds. Of - these eight wards six were used for patients in general as admitted, - one was used as an isolation ward (where patients in the last stage of - pneumonia were placed), and one was used as a ward for convalescents. - -The basement of the armory was transformed into a commodious and -comfortable dining-room; the kitchen was painted white, made sanitary in -every respect, and its floor was covered with oil-cloth, while gas -ranges were connected and refrigerators were installed. A diet kitchen -(separate from the main kitchen) was established convenient to the main -floor of the armory. - -On the evening of October 9, upon invitation of the County Medical -Inspector, the following-named ladies and gentlemen assembled in the -auditorium of the Wilkes-Barré Chamber of Commerce, “for the purpose of -taking steps for combating influenza”: Dr. Charles H. Miner, Dr. S. P. -Mengel, Dr. G. A. Clark, Dr. E. L. Meyers, Dr. Charles Long, Gen. C. B. -Dougherty, Col. S. E. W. Eyer, Lewis P. Kniffen, E. E. Matthews, Anthony -C. Campbell, M. J. McLaughlin, John D. Farnham, M. H. Sigafoos, Maj. E. -N. Carpenter, William H. Conyngham, Frederick E. Zerbey, George J. -Hartman, Hayden Williams, Mrs. C. H. Miner, Mrs. E. Birney Carr and Miss -Josephine Tracy of Wilkes-Barré; Dr. W. B. Stricker, Dr. J. Hughes, -Michael Douk, T. A. Butkiewicz, C. J. Donahey, John Badman and F. H. -Kohlbraker of Nanticoke; R. Alvan Beisel of Hazleton; Mrs. W. A. Lathrop -of Dorranceton; Dr. J. A. Hilbert, Miss Esther J. Tinsley, Dr. S. L. -Underwood and William J. Peck of Pittston; R. A. Mulhall of West -Pittston; Dr. S. B. Arment of Bloomsburg; Dr. D. H. Lake, S. H. Hicks -and W. B. Crane of Kingston. - -General Dougherty was called upon to preside, and Hayden Williams, -Secretary of the Chamber of Commerce, acted as Secretary of the meeting. - -The County Medical Inspector spoke at great length with respect to the -work already done in the 5th District to combat the pandemic—referring -particularly to the emergency hospital which had been established at -Wanamie, in Newport Township, Luzerne County, and to the preparations -being made for the opening of the Armory Emergency Hospital in -Wilkes-Barré. He stated that he had divided the 5th District into five -sub-districts, with Dr. S. B. Arment in charge of the work in Columbia -County, Dr. J. W. Leckie in charge of the Hazleton sub-district, Dr. W. -B. Stricker in charge of a district extending from Nanticoke south to -the Columbia County line, Dr. S. L. Underwood in charge of a district -extending from the borough of Wyoming to the Lackawanna County line, -while he, himself, in addition to a general supervision of affairs in -the 5th District, had assumed charge of the work in the territory -extending from Wyoming to Nanticoke. He suggested that committees on -automobiles, food, drugs and general hospital supplies should be -appointed. - -General Dougherty gave an account of the serious conditions existing at -Minersville and Shamokin in the 3d District, adjoining the 5th District. -Dr. Underwood and Miss Tinsley spoke of conditions in Exeter, Luzerne -County, where nearly 300 cases then existed. They reported that there -were 182 cases in 62 homes; that 98 patients were convalescing; that 10 -families were in dire need of help, and that there was a special urgency -for women to help in the house-work of afflicted families. - -Dr. Hughes said that there were 400 cases at Glen Lyon and Wanamie in -Newport Township; that sanitary conditions were bad; that there was a -lack of nurses, and that the High School building at Wanamie had just -been converted into an emergency hospital. - -Dr. G. A. Clark, head of the Wilkes-Barré City Health Department, stated -that about 200 cases had been reported in the city, and that the -municipality would bear its proper share of the expense incurred in -efforts to check the disease. - -Dr. Lake stated that there were 36 cases in Kingston and 40 in -Edwardsville, and that there had been two or three deaths from the -disease. In one home in Edwardsville there were seven cases. He declared -that the closing of the schools had helped somewhat in checking the -spread of the disease, and that considerable good could be accomplished -if Toby’s Creek, which had never been cleaned, were placed in a sanitary -condition. - -Dr. Arment stated that conditions in Catawissa, Columbia County, were -bad; that a hospital was needed there, but it was impossible to procure -nurses. Six deaths had occurred thus far in that locality, and the -disease seemed to be spreading. He suggested that the school-houses in -Bloomsburg be converted into emergency hospitals, and reported that the -saloons in Centralia were wide open and doing business as usual. - -W. H. Conyngham, representing Wyoming Valley Chapter of the American Red -Cross, stated that his organization had no funds with which to pay -nurses, but that the members of the Chapter stood ready to do anything -in their power to combat the disease. - -Dr. Mengel, Chief Surgeon of The Lehigh Valley Coal Company, placed the -nurses of that organization at the disposal of the community, and -suggested that school teachers should be employed to help in the work of -caring for the sick. - -Mrs. E. Birney Carr reported that the Canteen Service of the Wyoming -Valley Chapter of the Red Cross would render all the assistance -possible, while Mr. McLaughlin, one of the Commissioners of Luzerne -County, gave assurance that the County would render any assistance -possible to help stamp out the disease. - -The Secretary of the Wilkes-Barré Chamber of Commerce volunteered the -assistance of the Chamber’s staff in handling all details of the work -connected with the campaign. Dr. Charles Long suggested that an effort -be made to secure financial and other assistance from the Board of -Directors of the Central Poor District of Luzerne County. - -Anthony C. Campbell, Esq., County Fuel Administrator, told of the -serious conditions with respect to the mining industry in the 5th -District, and declared that the output of anthracite coal was being -seriously affected by the pandemic. On motion of Mr. Campbell it was -then unanimously voted: That such emergency hospitals as the County -Medical Inspector deemed necessary be established, that those in charge -of the work incident to combating the influenza-pneumonia scourge should -call upon the Board of Directors of the Central Poor District, County -officials and the various municipal officers in the 5th District for -financial assistance in defraying such expenses as may be necessarily -incurred in carrying on their work, and that the County Medical -Inspector be given any and all assistance required. - -The meeting then adjourned, and within a day or two thereafter the -County Medical Inspector announced the appointment of various committees -“to coöperate with the State Department of Health in the 5th District -with respect to the influenza epidemic,” as follows: - -GENERAL COMMITTEE.—To have general supervision over the hospitals -established. To provide ways and means, and secure appropriations and -financial aid from the several municipalities. All funds raised, except -State funds, to be placed in the hands of the Treasurer of the General -Committee. All expenditures to be approved by the General Committee and -its Chairman. - -Maj. Gen. C. B. Dougherty (representing the Susquehanna Collieries Co.), -_Chairman_; Hayden Williams (representing the Chamber of Commerce), -_Secretary_; M. J. McLaughlin (County Commissioner), Wm. H. Conyngham -(Red Cross), Lewis P. Kniffen (City Council), R. Nelson Bennett (City -Council), Wm. C. Shepherd (Chamber of Commerce), J. L. Reilly (Central -Poor District), Dr. S. P. Mengel (Lehigh Valley Coal Co.), Dr. G. A. -Clark (City Health Board), Dr. E. L. Meyers (School Board), Miss Mary -Trescott (School Board), F. H. Kohlbraker (Susquehanna Collieries Co.), -Dr. J. W. Geist (Lehigh and Wilkes-Barré Coal Co.), Frederick E. Zerbey -(Kingston Coal Co.), Samuel T. Nicholson (Vulcan Iron Works), M. H. -Sigafoos (Hazard Manufacturing Co.), Fred. H. Gates (City Clerk), and -Fuller R. Hendershot (County Controller). - -EMERGENCY HOSPITAL COMMITTEE.—This committee to have general charge of -the establishment of emergency hospitals and direct their conduct and -care, including arrangements for and maintenance of subsistence for -patients and help. - -Dr. S. P. Mengel of Wilkes-Barré, _Chairman_; Drs. Lewis H. Taylor, W. -S. Stewart and L. A. Sheridan of Wilkes-Barré, Dr. Cohen of Berwick, Dr. -H. B. Wilcox of Kingston, Dr. H. Whitney of Plymouth, Dr. H. J. Lenahan -of Pittston, Dr. Jesse Hughes of Nanticoke, Dr. J. H. Bruner of -Bloomsburg, and Dr. Walter Lathrop of Hazleton. - -CANTEEN RELIEF COMMITTEE.—This committee to have charge of the -preparation of food, and the preparation of the same for transportation -to outside patients at their homes—this transportation to be provided by -the Motor Transportation Committee. - -The ladies of the Red Cross Canteen Service are to compose this Relief -Committee, with Mrs. E. Birney Carr as Chairman. - -ARMORY HOSPITAL COMMITTEE.—This committee, under the direction of the -Emergency Hospital Committee, to have charge of the care and maintenance -of sanitary conditions of the Armory, and to provide for the disposal of -refuse. - -Col. S. E. W. Eyer, _Chairman_; Capt. Robert R. Harvey, Lieut. Charles -E. Trein, Lieut. Robert D. Raeder, Harry W. French, and Wayne Canfield. - -The medical staff for the Armory Hospital to consist of: Drs. W. Clive -Smith, D. S. Kistler, Parke Sickler, Charles Long, John T. Howell, Allan -C. Brooks, E. J. Flanagan, J. B. Tobias, Maurice B. Ahlborn, Herbert B. -Gibby and Walter B. Foss, and their duties being to act as aids to the -Superintendent of the Emergency Hospital, and to accept assignments for -service from time to time as the demands may require—the schedule of -this service to be arranged by the Chairman of the Emergency Hospital -Committee, with a minimum demand on the time of the Staff Physicians, -and only as the exigencies required. - -MOTOR TRANSPORTATION COMMITTEE.—This committee to have charge of the -motor transportation for the transfer of nurses from hospitals and -patients to and from the homes of the sick. Under this committee a -sub-committee of men to be organized to arrange for the transportation -of food to homes. - -Mrs. W. A. Lathrop, _Chairman_; Mrs. Lawrence B. Jones, Mrs. Robert A. -Quin, Miss Caroline Marcy, Stephen Pettebone and Frank F. Matheson. - -NURSES’ AID COMMITTEE.—This committee to have charge of the selection -and recruiting of all trained nurses, Red Cross nurses and volunteer -nurses for the Emergency Hospitals, and visiting nurses for homes. - -Mrs. Charles H. Miner, _Chairman_; Mrs. J. Pryor Williamson, Mrs. -Charles P. Elliott, Mrs. Paul Bedford, Mrs. Wm. H. Conyngham, Mrs. -Charles P. Hunt, Mrs. E. Byron Strome, Mrs. E. B. Wagner, Miss C. L. -Best, Miss Ethel Sturdevant, Miss Margaret Bevans, Miss Georgia -Grossman, Miss Clara Treglawn, Miss Ruth Williams, Miss Corrigan, Miss -Ruth Benscoter and Miss Isabelle Cairns. - -DRUG STORE COMMITTEE.—This committee to organize the drug stores, and -have them provide and keep in stock such medicines and medical goods as -will be required for the Emergency Hospitals. Also, to secure and -provide a stock of drugs and supplies for the Emergency Hospitals. - -Louis Frank, _Chairman_; Edward H. White, Lieut. Charles E. Trein and -Henry W. Merritt. - -LUZERNE COUNTY COÖPERATION COMMITTEE.—This committee, representing the -municipal governments and the Boards of Health in their respective -districts, to coöperate with the General Committee by organizing in -their towns a house to house census, and report all cases of influenza -and sickness to the Chairman of the General Committee, and to aid and -coöperate in every way to prevent the spread of the disease. This -committee to be subject to the call of the General Committee for -conference, as well as the other committees. Community Captains to -report to Community Chairmen, the latter to report to District Chairmen, -and they to report daily to the General Chairman of the Coöperation -Committee. The latter to report daily to Dr. Miner, representing the -State Department of Health. - -Percy A. Brown, Wilkes-Barré, _General Chairman_; Hayden Williams, -Wilkes-Barré, _General Secretary_; Dr. Joseph Dougherty and Frank -McQuown, Ashley; William G. Rowett and Clifford Edwards, Courtdale; -Louis Jacobs and William Mundy, Exeter; William Evans and William A. -Wallace, Forty Fort; Dr. D. H. Lake and Rush Trescott, Kingston; John -Doran and Edward Lawler, Larksville; George Knarr and R. J. Blair, -Luzerne; Dr. F. E. Davis and William Oldfield, Nanticoke; O. O. -Eisenhower and Harry Brown, Dorranceton; James Doran, Parsons; Dr. H. -Templeton and George E. Gwilliam, Plymouth, and Dr. Milton Barton, -Plains. - -General Headquarters—Greater Wilkes-Barré Chamber of Commerce, Miners -Bank Building, Wilkes-Barré. - -LUZERNE COUNTY DISTRICT CHAIRMEN.—_District No. 1_, Henry W. Ruggles, -Dorranceton; _District No. 2_, H. L. Freeman, Plymouth; _District No. -3_, G. D. Stroh, West Pittston; _District No. 4_, Joseph M. Stark, -Hudson; _District No. 5_, Rev. F. Kasaczun, Sugar Notch; _District No. -6_, E. B. Wesley, Nanticoke; _District No. 7_, Harry A. Schmoll, -Hazleton. - -_District No. 1_, composed of the boroughs and hamlets of Courtdale, -Dallas, Dorranceton, Exeter, Forty Fort, Kingston, Luzerne, Pringle, -Shavertown, Swoyerville, Trucksville, West Pittston, Wyoming and West -Wyoming, and the townships of Kingston, Franklin, Exeter and Dallas. - -_District No. 2_, composed of the boroughs of Edwardsville, Larksville, -Plymouth and Shickshinny, and the townships of Fairmount, Hunlock, -Huntington, Jackson, Lake, Lehman, Plymouth, Ross, Salem and Union. - -_District No. 3_, composed of the city and township of Pittston, and the -boroughs of Avoca, Dupont, Duryea and Hughestown. - -_District No. 4_, composed of the boroughs of Laflin, Miner’s Mills, -Parsons and Yatesville, and the townships of Jenkins and Plains. - -_District No. 5_, composed of the boroughs of Ashley, Laurel Run, -Nuangola, Sugar Notch and Warrior Run, and the townships of -Wilkes-Barré, Fairview, Bear Creek, Buck, Wright, Slocum and Denison. - -_District No. 6_, composed of the borough of Nanticoke, the village of -Macanaqua, the borough and township of Nescopeck, and the townships of -Conyngham, Dorrance, Hollenback, Newport and Slocum. - -_District No. 7_, composed of the city of Hazleton and all territory -contiguous thereto. - -The following rules, governing the “operation of community organizations -and the duties of each organization unit,” were promulgated: - - “1. COMMUNITY CHAIRMAN.—Shall act as Chairman of the Executive - Committee and be responsible for the operation of each unit. - Receive reports daily from all subordinates, and report daily to - the Chairman of the District in which the community is situated. - - “2. EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE.—To meet and work only under direction - of the Community Chairman. This committee shall assist the - Community Chairman in carrying out all rules and regulations. - - “3. SECRETARY.—To have some one constantly on duty at the - Emergency Station. Keep a record of all cases and any other - information required. Prepare a daily report for Community - Chairman, also receive all calls for nurses, canteen service, - medical attention when physicians are overworked, and be in a - position at all times to furnish accurate information. It is - preferred that a school teacher be engaged to assist the - Secretary. - - “4. EMERGENCY STATION.—To be centrally and conveniently located. - To be equipped with a telephone for use by the Secretary and - other officials. To be open during business hours. - - “5. COMMUNITY CAPTAINS.—Under the direction of the Community - Chairman and Executive Committee a Captain shall be appointed - for each community. In case of an unusually long street, the - number of Captains for said street may be increased. Captains - will make a daily tour of their streets, and report daily to the - Community Chairman, through the Secretary at the Emergency - Station, the number of new cases, deaths and discharged cases. - Captains will also note sanitary conditions and conditions in - general, and aid in eliminating any condition that may cause a - spread of disease. Captains will also report any cases needing - medical attention or a nurse. - - “6. NURSING BUREAU.—To be located at the Emergency Station and - be under the direction of Red Cross workers. Here a record - should be kept of every woman who volunteers as a nurse or - nurse’s assistant. From this Bureau should also be supplied - gowns and masks to protect nurses when they go into the homes of - the sick. - - “7. CANTEEN SERVICE.—To distribute food for the sick in homes - where food is needed. Care should be exercised to see that this - service is not abused. The Canteen should be established - preferably in a church kitchen, and here should be prepared soup - or broth to be distributed in jars or pails to the doors of the - homes from which calls have been received. - - “8. AUTOMOBILE SERVICE.—Secure one car or truck daily for - service at the Canteen, and other machines to carry nurses and - physicians to homes of patients when necessary. - - “9. PUBLICITY BUREAU.—To assume charge of distributing leaflets - in different languages, disseminate general information, and - assist through publicity in bringing about enforcement of all - health regulations. - - - “MISCELLANEOUS GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS. - - “Impress every member of the community organization with the - seriousness of the situation, and make each one responsible - toward having people obey all instructions. - - “Remember that it is easier to prevent an epidemic than to stop - one when conditions become dangerous. - - “Don’t frighten people about the situation, but constantly - prevail upon them to be careful in not exposing themselves to - disease or spreading it. - - “Permit no public gatherings or large groups on street corners, - in stores, etc. - - “Permit no public funerals, and have a police or health officer - attend all funerals to enforce the law in this respect. - - “Let ‘Safety First’ be the motto of all people. - - “It is especially requested that all schools and churches be - closed.” - -In pursuance of the resolution adopted at the meeting held in the -Chamber of Commerce on October 9, as aforementioned, Dr. Miner gave -directions for the establishing of emergency hospitals at the -following-named places—in addition to those already arranged for at -Wanamie and in the Armory at Wilkes-Barré: Catawissa, Exeter, Hazleton, -Dupont, Nanticoke and Plains.[2] - -Footnote 2: - - At this time the regular, or permanently established, hospitals - located in the 5th District were as follows: Wilkes-Barré City, Mercy, - Wyoming Valley Homœopathic and Riverside Hospitals in Wilkes-Barré; - Nesbitt West Side Hospital, Dorranceton; Pittston Hospital, Pittston; - Berwick Hospital, Berwick, Columbia County; State Hospital of the - Middle Coal Field of Pennsylvania, Hazleton; State Hospital, - Nanticoke; Bloomsburg Hospital, Bloomsburg, Columbia County. - -On October 10 the first emergency hospital was opened, in the Central -High School building at Wanamie, with Dr. William H. Corrigan physician -in charge and Miss Emily G. Jones, Graduate Nurse, as chief nurse. The -same day the emergency hospital at Catawissa was opened, with Dr. S. B. -Arment physician in charge and Miss Hannah C. Breisch, Graduate Nurse, -as chief nurse. On October 11 the third emergency hospital was opened, -in the High School building at Exeter, with Dr. James Dixon physician in -charge and Miss Jessie Cunningham and Mrs. Ernest W. Hogg, Graduate -Nurses, as chief nurses. - -Dr. Elmer L. Hinman, having been sent to Wilkes-Barré by Dr. Royal S. -Copeland, Commissioner of the Health Department of the city of New York, -reported to the County Medical Inspector for duty on October 12, and was -assigned to the Wanamie Emergency Hospital to assist Dr. Corrigan. - -At this time it was estimated that there were at least 1,000 influenza -and pneumonia cases, reported and unreported, in Wilkes-Barré—new cases -appearing at the rate of nearly 100 per day. The Wilkes-Barré City -Hospital refused, because of lack of room and nurses, to receive any -more cases. Nurses and doctors everywhere were overworked, and the -situation at Glen Lyon (in Newport Township) and in Hazleton and its -vicinity was appalling. - -In the afternoon of October 12 a meeting of Chairmen of committees and -Division Chairman was held with the County Medical Inspector at the -rooms of the Chamber of Commerce, when it was decided that trucks should -be secured for the purpose of delivering food daily to the homes of the -sick, where such service was needed. Whereupon Percy A. Brown and Frank -F. Matheson each offered trucks for this purpose. It was suggested that -Mrs. P. J. Higgins of Wilkes-Barré should be placed in charge of the -cooking at the Armory canteen—the necessary arrangements for this -service, however, to be left in the hands of the Canteen Committee. - -Dr. Mengel suggested that a telegram be sent to the proper authorities -at Washington, urging them to leave here, during the progress of the -epidemic, all Red Cross nurses now in this vicinity. General Dougherty -reported that he had communicated with the Hon. A. Mitchell Palmer and -other Government officials at Washington relative to having army -surgeons sent here from Camp Crane, Allentown, Pennsylvania, and he had -been assured that ten officers of the Medical Department would be sent. - -Dr. S. M. Wolfe of Wilkes-Barré, who had recently returned from -Massachusetts, where he had assisted in combating the epidemic, told of -the various organized methods and plans pursued in dealing with the -disease in that State. - -Mr. William J. Ruff, Cashier of the Luzerne County National Bank, -Wilkes-Barré, was then elected Treasurer of the General Committee. - -At the close of this meeting General Dougherty telegraphed to Maj. Gen. -Rupert Blue, Surgeon General, U.S.A., Dr. H. A. Garfield, U. S. Fuel -Administrator, and Miss Carrie Noyes, Director of Field Nursing, -American Red Cross, at Washington, D. C., as follows: - - “The following Red Cross nurses have been called to leave for - service on Tuesday, October 15: Miss Edith Evans, Miss Elsie - Banker and Mrs. Lena Krum of Wilkes-Barré; Miss Hazel Smith of - Tunkhannock, Pa., and Miss Bessie Evans of Kingston, Pa. The - influenza situation in Wyoming Valley is of such a serious - nature, and there is such a dearth of nurses, that, as Chairman - of the General Committee of Wyoming Valley (whose efforts are - being directed toward the stamping out of this pestilence, in - order to conserve the lives of our citizens and thus maintain - the production of anthracite coal, which is now seriously - affected by the prevailing sickness), I appeal to you to direct - these nurses to remain here to take up their duties in emergency - hospitals now being established. I trust that this appeal will - be fully appreciated by you. We are fearfully short of nurses as - well as doctors. We can use a great many physicians and nurses.” - -On October 13 the following-named medical officers from Camp Crane -arrived at Wilkes-Barré, and were assigned to duty by Dr. Miner, as -noted: Capt. E. L. Hendricks, U. S. Marine Corps, and Lieut. C. F. -Bahler, to Glen Lyon; Lieut. Joseph Goldstone, U. S. Marine Corps, to -Bloomsburg; Lieut. G. T. Meek to Exeter, and Lieut. J. a.m. Aspy to -Hazleton. - -At a meeting of the General Committee held in the auditorium of the -Chamber of Commerce on Tuesday, October 15, General Dougherty presented -a report relative to conditions at Shamokin and Minersville (in the 3d -District), where there were 4,000 cases of the “flu”. Col. Eyer reported -on the work being done at the Armory to fit it for hospital purposes, -and Dr. Miner stated that the Armory Emergency Hospital would be ready -for the reception of patients at noon on the following day. - -The Rev. John J. McCabe, of St. Joseph’s R. C. Church, Georgetown, told -of conditions in Wilkes-Barré Township, where, he said, there were 80 -cases of the disease. Dr. Hughes stated that there were about 585 cases -in Newport Township and vicinity, and Richard Sheridan reported that -there were possibly over 200 cases in Nanticoke. - -On motion of the Rev. Mr. McCabe the Chairman named Dr. C. H. Miner, the -Rev. J. F. Jedlicka and Dr. E. L. Meyers as a committee to confer with -the Controller and Commissioners of Luzerne County, and the Directors of -the Central Poor District, for the purpose of securing financial aid in -fighting the epidemic. Controller Hendershot, who was present, stated -that he would do everything in his power to co-operate with the General -Committee in its work. James L. Reilly, Secretary of the Central -District Poor Board, who was present, stated that he felt sure the Poor -Board would co-operate with the Committee. - -Frederick E. Zerbey, Superintendent of the Kingston Coal Company, -offered the use of the ambulances of that company to convey patients -from the west side of the river. - -General Dougherty stated that the State would pay for doctors, nurses, -tents, cots, blankets, sheets, etc., employed and used in combating the -epidemic, but that all other service would have to be paid for with -funds derived from other sources. - -On October 16 the Hazleton Emergency Hospital was opened in the building -of St. Gabriel’s High School, Hazleton, with Lieut. J. a.m. Aspy -physician in charge and Miss Ruth B. Rae, Graduate Nurse, from the -Department of Health, as chief nurse. (Later, Miss Rae was stricken with -the “flu” and was succeeded as chief nurse by the Mother Superior of St. -Gabriel’s, who was a professional nurse. On October 25 Lieutenant Aspy -returned to Camp Crane, and was succeeded by Dr. J. W. Leckie as -physician in charge at Hazleton.) - -On October 12 the Armory Emergency Hospital at Wilkes-Barré was ready -with four wards for the reception of patients. Lack of nurses, however, -delayed the opening of the hospital until Wednesday, October 16, when, -with Capt. E. L. Hendricks, U.S.M.C., as physician in charge, and Mrs. -J. Pryor Williamson of Wilkes-Barré, Graduate Nurse, as chief nurse, the -doors were opened at one o’clock p.m. for the reception of patients. -During the afternoon six female and five male patients from -Wilkes-Barré, Nanticoke, Parsons and Miner’s Mills were received, and on -the following day eleven males and seven females were received from -Wilkes-Barré, Edwardsville, Plymouth, Miner’s Mills, Maltby, Nanticoke -and Forty Fort. - -The sixth Emergency Hospital in the 5th District was opened on October -17 in the Pulaski School building at Dupont, Luzerne County, with Dr. W. -S. Helman of Avoca as visiting physician and Miss Herman, Graduate -Nurse, as chief nurse. (Dr. Helman was succeeded on November 9 by Dr. -James S. Dixon, and Miss Herman was succeeded on November 19 by Miss -Bessie Fadden.) - -The seventh Emergency Hospital was opened on October 17 in the -Washington School building at Nanticoke, Luzerne County, with Dr. Elmer -L. Hinman in charge and Miss Olwen Williams, Graduate Nurse, as chief -nurse. (Dr. Hinman returned to New York City on October 26, and was -succeeded by Lieut. C. E. Yates.) - -On October 17 two medical students, Messrs. J. A. Post and W. R. -Stewart, of the University of Buffalo, reported to the County Medical -Inspector at Wilkes-Barré to help out with the work of the 5th District. -Mr. Stewart was assigned to assist Dr. Corrigan at the Wanamie Hospital, -and Mr. Post was assigned to the Exeter, and subsequently to the Plains, -Emergency Hospital. - -The same day the following-named Army Surgeons arrived at Wilkes-Barré -and were assigned to the Hazleton District: Captains Davenport and -Danfort to work at Jeddo; Captain Brown at Cranberry; Captain Wroth at -Lattimer and Major Wyer in Hazleton. On October 19, however, all these -Surgeons were ordered to return to Camp Crane, Allentown. - -On October 18 a largely-attended meeting of the General Committee was -held, with General Dougherty, Chairman, presiding. The latter outlined -the objects and purposes in view with respect to the emergency hospitals -which had been established, stating that only patients who could not -receive proper attention at their homes should be sent to the hospitals. -He also set forth the fact that there was a very great shortage of -doctors and nurses in this District, and called upon Miss Nellie G. -Loftus, the State nurse in charge of the nurses in this section, to make -a statement as to conditions here. This she did, setting forth that -there were thirty graduate nurses in the 5th District, five or six of -whom were not in active service on account of illness. There were also -eleven practical nurses in the District, but at least fifty more -graduate nurses could, and should, be placed in service immediately. - -Mr. W. C. Shepherd then made the following motion, which was adopted: - - “It is the sense of this meeting that all patriotic citizens - will, in every case where possible so to do, release nurses from - their private employ for the general good of the community. It - is their patriotic duty to do this during the present grave - emergency.” - -Mr. Percy A. Brown, Chairman of the Coöperation Committee, stated that -the territory in Luzerne County had been divided into forty -sub-districts, and that he had arranged to have an organization in each -sub-district. Thirty-two of the forty organizations had already reported -to him. He suggested that leaflets, containing brief and simple rules -for avoiding influenza and for the care of the sick, be printed in -several foreign languages, and widely distributed.[3] - -Footnote 3: - - In pursuance of this suggestion a six-page leaflet was subsequently - prepared and printed in English, Italian and three other languages, - and was well distributed throughout the District. - -Mr. Brown also suggested that a fund be created from which money could -be drawn to be used in paying some one in each sub-district to look -after and report upon the sanitary and health conditions in that -particular locality. - -Anthony C. Campbell, Esq., Fuel Administrator for this section of the -State, stated that he had received reports from various large -coal-mining companies, which had enabled him to prepare a statement -showing that from 28,000 to 30,000 tons of coal had been lost to the -industry on account of the influenza. - -On motion of Mr. W. C. Shepherd it was voted that all communities in -this District be requested to organize committees on the plan endorsed -or recommended by the State Board of Health. In pursuance of this motion -Chairman Dougherty appointed Wm. C. Shepherd, Dr. Charles H. Miner, Dr. -S. P. Mengel, Dr. E. L. Meyers, A. C. Campbell and Percy A. Brown a -committee (“Ways and Means Committee”) to prepare a draft of the plan to -be used for the guidance of the several communities in this matter. - -In pursuance of a motion made by Dr. Walter Davis the Chairman appointed -Dr. Davis, Dr. D. H. Lake, Dr. J. W. Geist and Miss Nellie G. Loftus a -committee to report with respect to the systematic treatment of “flu” -patients. - -On motion of Wm. H. Conyngham it was voted: “(1) that an effort be made -to retain here the five nurses who are now in this community, but who -have been ordered to return to Washington on October 26; (2) that the -Chairman of the General Committee communicate by telegraph with the -proper officials at Washington, expressing our desire to have retained -here, until the situation is improved, the army doctors who are now in -the field, or that other doctors be sent to take their places, and that -as many as can be furnished be sent.” - -On October 20, at a meeting of the General and District Chairmen, in -conjunction with the members of the Ways and Means Committee, the latter -presented a plan for the organization of outlying communities. This plan -was forthwith adopted and ordered to be printed and distributed among -the officials of the various communities.[4] Fuel Conservator Campbell -reported that he had telegraphed to Federal Fuel Administrator Garfield, -urging him to use his influence to have the army doctors then here kept -here. - -Footnote 4: - - This was subsequently done, in the following form: - - PLAN OF COMMUNITY ORGANIZATION FOR THE EPIDEMIC EMERGENCY. - - 1. Community Chairman (President of Board of Health). - 2. Executive Committee, consisting of: - A. Board of Health. - B. Burgess and member of Borough or Township Council. - C. Mine Superintendent and representative of labor union. - D. Principal of schools. - E. Red Cross Worker. - F. Member of Council of National Defense. - G. Clergyman. - H. Prominent Citizen. - I. Local Physician—principally in advisory capacity. - 3. Secretary. - 4. Emergency Station. - 5. Community Captains. - 6. Nursing Bureau. - 7. Canteen Service. - 8. Automobile Service. - 9. Publicity Bureau. - 10. Miscellaneous. - -At this time the influenza and pneumonia conditions were “appalling” in -certain localities in Luzerne County. At Glen Lyon, as well as at -Georgetown in the township of Wilkes-Barré, the situation was very -serious. An average of about 75 new cases per day in Wilkes-Barré was -being reported, while all the emergency hospitals in the District were -without sufficient help. - -On October 22 new cases in Wilkes-Barré to the number of 120 were -reported, while conditions in Glen Lyon, Nanticoke, Wanamie and some -other places in the 5th District were “desperate”. On this date Dr. -Miner and the Chairman of the General Committee received the following -communication, copies of which were immediately transmitted by them to -the various emergency organizations in the 5th District. - - “October 20, 1918. - - “From: The Commissioner of Health of Pennsylvania. - - “To: All concerned with Problem of Nursing during the present - Epidemic of Influenza. - - “Subject: Plan of Organization and Instructions. (General Order - No. 2.) - - “As it is not yet fully realized that the present epidemic - afflicting us in these war times has caused the greatest need, - and at the same time is accompanied by the greatest scarcity, of - graduate nurses that has ever occurred, it is necessary to form - a plan which may be adapted to any situation, as one community - after another becomes involved: - - “1. Graduate nurses must be used in such a way that their - services be of assistance to the greatest number. This may be - done by calling first upon all partially trained attendants, Red - Cross workers, and then lay helpers, or any intelligent persons - who are able to assist, and who will faithfully follow - instructions. These latter must be instructed carefully in the - essentials for treating patients, protecting themselves, and - preventing the spread of infection, and be directed to make a - simple record of their work each day, while the graduate nurses - must move about rapidly to cover as much territory as possible - if the cases are in private homes or in small groups, - supervising the work of subordinates, instructing these - subordinates, and following up their work. If the graduate is - assigned to a hospital, the same plan should be used, _i. e._, - nurses or lay helpers detailed to small groups of patients, with - the graduate in charge. Thus an active graduate and subordinates - who obey orders with military precision get actual results which - cannot be obtained by attempts to furnish trained nurses to - individual families or in quantity to hospitals. - - “2. It is imperative that the lives and health of physicians, - nurses and lay workers be conserved for service to the vast - number afflicted. Accordingly in each hospital (emergency, - tent-hospital or otherwise) or in each community which has been - organized against the epidemic, a system should be devised to - apportion the time and labor of all workers as equally as - possible, according to the character of their work. All - precautions against infection must be constantly observed, _e. - g._, the wearing of gowns which cover the entire body; masks - made by applying eight layers of surgical gauze, or two of - butter cloth, to the convex surface of a wire tea-strainer about - four inches in diameter, which is molded to fit the face from - above the tip of the nose to below the point of the chin and - secured to the head by tapes, (gauze changed every hour and - boiled half an hour, sun dried and used over again); by the use - of antiseptics, including careful cleansing of the hands after - handling patients, before eating, etc., and care in destroying - by burning or sterilizing infected material. - - “3. Strict discipline (semi-military) is essential for saving - time and insuring accuracy in receiving and executing orders. - All personal differences and likes and dislikes must be - absolutely subordinated to the general need. Those in charge of - others should exercise judgment in issuing orders to other - subordinates, being careful to avoid anything which may be - unnecessary or a repetition. Subordinates will observe - instructions of their superiors without hesitation or argument. - Courtesy at all times on the part of every one concerned will - result in reaching most quickly the goal upon which our every - effort is bent—the checking, if possible, of _this great public - disaster_ and minimizing its crippling effect and death toll. - - “4. Requests for aid from stricken communities should be made to - the nearest representative of the Department of Health, who will - refer it to the Physician in charge of the Emergency District. - This includes calls for doctors, nurses, aids, materials and any - other form of relief. The Department will make a supreme effort - to satisfy all such needs as rapidly as possible. However, where - these are at hand they should be obtained locally. - - “5. The best emergency hospital is the tent hospital, where the - patient may obtain fresh air for twenty-four hours and receive - sunlight by being hauled out into the company streets during the - day. Wooden shacks or lean-tos (like those used in T. B. - treatment), the walls of which may be raised by hinges and - pulleys to admit the air and sunlight, are excellent. Buildings - without balconies or porches should not be used unless there is - adequate room or window space. Open air schools are almost - ideal; next to them are modern high schools with large grounds - about them. Visitors should be excluded, except relatives of - dying patients, who should wear gowns and masks during the - visit. - - “6. Encourage the people of the community who wish to do - something for the sufferers but cannot nurse them, to make - masks, gowns and other supplies, also broths or other forms of - nourishing food. Traveling kitchens or food delivered from a - community kitchen by motor cars are of great assistance to - stricken families. A County Committee should be formed for the - purpose of investigating and promptly relieving distress, - financial or otherwise. This committee could enable wage earners - to remain at their employment. - - “7. All existing agencies (local government, organizations, - societies, orders, etc.) should be co-ordinated so that there be - no uncertainty or confusion as to what is needed and how to meet - the need and no waste of personnel or repetition of instructions - or starts upon unnecessary errands. - - “8. In each district, which may include several Counties, there - is a physician in full charge of the district, with permanent - headquarters. There is also a supervising nurse of the district, - whose headquarters should be the same as the District Chief’s, - unless an emergency should make another arrangement desirable. - All other Department officers are subordinates to these two - representatives of the Medical and Nursing service respectively. - Reports by wire or ’phone are required daily at 1 p.m. from - Supervising Nurse, District Chief, and from each County - Inspector at the Epidemic Headquarters, Harrisburg. These - officers should arrange that all of their subordinates in the - district report to them at a convenient hour prior to this time. - - “9. It should be borne in mind that the District Chief and - Supervising Nurse of each district are responsible for their - entire district and cannot be spared too long in any one - locality. Their movements will depend upon exigencies which may - arise and orders from this office. - - “B. FRANKLIN ROYER. - “Acting Commissioner of Health.” - -On October 23 the eighth Emergency Hospital in the 5th District was -opened in the Maffet Street School building at Plains, Luzerne County, -with Miss May Conlon, Graduate Nurse, as chief nurse. - -On October 25 the following-named United States Army medical officers, -who had been on duty in the 5th District, returned, under orders, to -Camp Crane: Lieut. C. F. Bahler, Lieut. Joseph Goldstone, Lieut. G. T. -Meek and Lieut. J. a.m. Aspy. Capt. E. L. Hendricks, being ill at Hotel -Sterling, remained here some days longer. Upon the abovementioned date -General Dougherty, Chairman of the General Committee, telegraphed to -Gen. Peyton C. March, Chief of Staff, U.S.A., as follows: - - “By systematic organization and effort we have been endeavoring - to combat Spanish Influenza in Luzerne County, with its - population of 350,000 souls. We had 300 registered physicians in - the County, of whom 115 have gone into the military service. We - has over 12,000 cases [of influenza] in the County, and have - established, in addition to the regular hospitals, seven - emergency hospitals. But three medical officers of those who - were sent here from Camp Crane now remain. Six thousand mine - workers are ill with the disease, thus reducing the daily output - of anthracite coal 15,000 tons, or at the rate of 300,000 tons - per month. We are informed that you have 4,000 medical officers - in training at Camp Greenleaf. We must have twenty-five - physicians sent here at once. Please give us this number of - physicians, as the spread of the disease is increasing, and we - must have medical assistance. Our doctors are exhausted.” - -At a meeting of the General Committee held October 26 Chairman Dougherty -reported that the Commissioners of Luzerne County had appropriated -$25,000. to be used in defraying the expenses incurred in combating the -epidemic in Luzerne County.[5] It was the general opinion of the members -of the committee present that this money should not be distributed among -the various communities entitled to it until the end of the epidemic. It -was pointed out, however, that several communities had already made -applications for needed funds. It was finally decided that a committee -composed of the Chairman and three other members of the General -Committee should prepare, and report at a subsequent meeting, a plan for -the proper expenditure of the County appropriation. - -Footnote 5: - - About this time the City Council of Wilkes-Barré made a special - appropriation of $5,000. to be used in fighting the “flu” in the city. - This sum was in addition to the regular annual appropriation for the - city’s Bureau of Health. - -Colonel Eyer reported on conditions at the Armory Emergency Hospital, -and stated that many of the patients who had died there were practically -in a dying condition when received into the hospital. At 9:20 o’clock -p.m. the Committee adjourned and proceeded to the Lehigh Valley Railroad -station, where the following-named United States Army medical officers -were met upon their arrival from Camp Crane, Allentown, Pennsylvania, -for epidemic work in Luzerne County, and were assigned to duty as herein -noted. - -Capt. H. W. Dessaussure (in command) and Lieuts. E. J. Burke, E. Z. -Brunner, L. H. Hills and J. B. McGuinness, to report to Dr. J. W. Leckie -at the Hazleton Emergency Hospital; Capts. E. B. Chenowith and Evan S. -Evans, U.S.M.C., to the Wilkes-Barré Armory Hospital; Lieuts. Robert -Funston and A. C. Hall to report to Dr. Stricker at Nanticoke; Lieut. -Frank F. Davis to report to Dr. Stricker for service at Glen Lyon; -Lieut. Leroy Fredericks to report to Dr. Stricker for service at the -Wanamie Emergency Hospital; Lieut. H. R. Lipscomb to be physician in -charge at the Plains Emergency Hospital. - -On this date, according to a report submitted by the County Medical -Inspector to the State department of Health, the number of influenza and -pneumonia patients undergoing treatment in the various hospitals in the -5th District were as follows: Hazleton Emergency, 22; Exeter Emergency, -70; Dupont Emergency, 9; Wanamie Emergency, 55; Wilkes-Barré Armory -Emergency, 46; Catawissa Emergency, 8; Plains Emergency, 19; Nanticoke -Emergency, ?; Hazleton State, 75; Nesbitt West Side, 14; Wyoming Valley -Homœopathic, 15; Nanticoke State, 13; Mercy, 30; Wilkes-Barré City, 64; -Bloomsburg, 19; Berwick, 26. (Riverside Hospital, Wilkes-Barré, had -received no “flu” patients.) - -On October 28 new cases in Luzerne County were reported as follows: -Edwardsville, 40; Wilkes-Barré City, 98; Wilkes-Barré Township, 16; -Larksville, 19; Plymouth Borough, 50; Plymouth Township, 12; Laflin, 10; -Miners Mills, 29; Parsons, 18; Plains Township, 109; Ashley, 13; Hanover -Township, 35; Laurel Run, 2; Sugar Notch, 2; Warrior Run, 19; Courtdale, -6; Dallas, 2; Dorranceton, 16; Forty Fort, 18; Luzerne, 31; Swoyerville, -16; Wyoming, 14; West Wyoming, 8; Avoca, 5; Duryea, 4; Dupont, 1; Exeter -Borough, 1; Hughestown, 11; Pittston, 20; West Pittston, 4; Pittston -Township, 4; Dorrance, 3; Kingston, 32; Hazleton, 27; Weston, 48; -Conyngham Borough, 3; Freeland,18; Lattimer,11; St. John’s,1; Sandy -Run,11; Upper Lehigh,6; West Hazleton,72; Seybertsville,2; -Neuremburg,22; Nanticoke, 64; Nescopeck,3—making a total of 956 new -cases in Luzerne County. - -On October 28 a joint-meeting of the General and Coöperation Committees -was held in the rooms of the Wilkes-Barré Chamber of Commerce. - -Chairman Brown stated that the biggest problem with which the -Coöperation Committee had to deal was that respecting nurses. He further -stated that something should be done immediately to establish -organizations in those communities. He advocated more pay for nurses, -and said he believed that a sufficient number of nurses could be -secured, whereby better progress would be made in combating the scourge. - -After some discussion it was voted that in Luzerne County the pay of -graduate nurses should be fixed at $120 per month, and that of practical -nurses at $75 per month. It was also voted that all nurses should be -under the control of Miss Loftus and the General Committee. - -It was decided to recommend the placarding of all homes in which -influenza existed in all cities, boroughs and first-class townships in -Luzerne County. Also, that all matters of publicity concerning the “flu” -in Luzerne County should be handled by the Chairman of the Coöperation -Committee. - -Following the adjournment of this meeting the following “Publicity -Bulletin” was issued. - - “A meeting of all District Chairmen and members of the Ways and - Means Committee was held this morning in the auditorium of the - Chamber of Commerce. Reports received showed that in certain - outlying boroughs and townships officials charged with the - protection of the lives of their constituents, as well as the - general health of their respective communities, are placing the - lives of their people below their selfish aims by playing - politics. It was decided that, unless the said officials take - immediate steps to bring about proper organization and - protection of their respective communities, action will be taken - at once to have them removed and their places filled by people - with a sense of honor, and who will give to their communities - the protection to which they are entitled. - - “It was also decided that there is a great need for field - nurses, and that the sooner a sufficient number of such nurses - can be secured, the sooner the epidemic will be checked in our - community. It was decided to pay graduate nurses $120. per month - and practical nurses $75. per month. All nurses will be in - charge of Miss Nellie G. Loftus, who is stationed at the Wyoming - Valley Dispensary, 184, South Washington Street, Wilkes-Barré. - - “It was also brought to the attention of the meeting that - newspaper reports secured from people in boroughs and townships - are not accurate, and that the same are an injustice to the said - communities. In one community, where it was reported that - thirteen deaths had occurred, correct figures show that the - deaths numbered only three. Therefore, it was decided that the - General Committee should be responsible for publicity given out - only by the Chairman of the Coöperation Committee, to whom are - sent all official reports from communities. - - “It was also decided to recommend to the officials of all - cities, boroughs and first-class townships in Luzerne County the - placarding of homes in which influenza exists. - - [Signed] “PERCY A. BROWN, - “Chairman of the Coöperation Committee.” - -Reports to the Coöperation Committee on October 31 showed 709 new cases -of influenza and 67 deaths theretofore unreported in forty-eight -communities of Luzerne County—indicating a decrease in the number of new -cases, but no decrease in the number of deaths. - -On November 4 only seventy-three new cases in Wilkes-Barré were -reported, and there were very gratifying indications that the scourge -was subsiding in most parts of Luzerne County. It was estimated that -10,000 coal miners in the County were idle because of the “flu.” - -A well-attended meeting of the General Committee was held in the -auditorium of the Wilkes-Barré Chamber of Commerce in the evening of -November 6, with Chairman Dougherty presiding and Hayden Williams as -Secretary. The County Medical Inspector, in reporting on conditions in -his District, stated that Berwick in Columbia County and Plains in -Luzerne County were still having a serious time with the epidemic. -Nanticoke, he said, had also been hard hit. He stated that in Newport -Township, Luzerne County, 249 people had died from the influenza. He -declared that, while conditions in general were improved, new cases and -deaths would likely continue to occur during the next three or four -weeks. - -The County Medical Inspector took advantage of this occasion to declare -that too much could not be said about the good work accomplished by the -general organization in Luzerne County, which had been the salvation of -the entire County. Without it the loss of life would have been -considerably greater, and many communities would have felt the full -force of the epidemic. He then read a communication from the Acting -Commissioner of Health, which he had received a short time previously, -in part as follows: - - “Where churches and schools have been closed during the epidemic - of influenza, great care should be practised at the time of - removing restrictions. Many children have been kept completely - out of danger during this dangerous period, and to open too soon - and run the chance of bringing them into contact with persons - who have recently recovered, and who may perhaps be carriers, - may again bring fresh outbreaks of the disease, particularly - among school children. - - “Then, too, thousands of public, private and parochial school - teachers have been actively engaged in nursing, and these - teachers should have a few days of rest—preferably a week—and - ought to be absent from work at the bedsides of the sick for - that period of time before returning to the schools or to - crowded services. - - “I would urge that you take these things into consideration, - and in conference with the School Boards arrange for resuming - sessions, so far as possible, when two-thirds of the children - in any school district are ready to return from homes where no - one has suffered with influenza for a period of seven days. - Where possible, medical or nursing supervision would be - advisable—especially for a few days after opening the schools. - - “I would suggest that, so far as practicable, the resumption of - school work should take place about midweek, and of Churches and - Sunday Schools on the Sunday following. This will bring children - gradually together, and will avoid the overcrowding apt to occur - in Sunday Schools if these schools were first opened. It is not - necessary to tell you that fifty per cent. of the Sunday Schools - are conducted in buildings not as well ventilated as are the - public schools.” - -It was stated, in this connection, that over 2,000 school teachers -throughout the State had been active in helping to fight the epidemic. - -Upon motion of Percy A. Brown it was voted to publish the letter of the -Acting Commissioner of Health, and to urge all school boards and Sunday -Schools not to reopen their schools without first consulting the Boards -of Health of their respective localities, to learn whether or not the -resumption of school sessions would cause a further spread of the -epidemic. - -Chairman Dougherty, referring to the work of the various committees in -this locality during the epidemic, stated that, while talking at -Harrisburg a few days previously with Dr. Royer, the Acting Commissioner -of Health, the latter informed him that the epidemic organization in -Luzerne County was “_the finest in the country, and the people of this -County deserve great credit for the work done_.” General Dougherty then -read a letter which he had just received from the Acting Commissioner, -in part as follows: - - “I am very greatly indebted to you for the splendid story of the - Emergency hospitals, and to note what a tremendous amount of - public interest your committee has aroused. It is only by such - community service that it has been possible to save the number - of lives of miners that we have saved during this public health - drive. Too much credit cannot be given to your local committee, - and I shall see to it that the press gives the local people a - great share of credit.” - -Wm. C. Shepherd expressed the opinion that the General Committee should -communicate to the various communities in the County the suggestions of -the State Department of Health with reference to the lifting of the -quarantine ban wherever it had been imposed. - -Percy A. Brown, Chairman of the Coöperation Committee, reported that -while the latest reports received showed there had been a general -falling off of the disease, the daily average of new cases was about -seven per district, compared with a recent average of ten per district. -He stated that he expected to send out on the ensuing day, to every -community chairman in Luzerne County, a questionnaire asking for certain -information regarding the total number of cases and of deaths that had -occurred since the beginning of the epidemic, together with a complete -record of all workers, paid and volunteer. Later on, he said, he hoped -to have a meeting of the various chairmen, with a view to forming an -organization to prevent a recurrence of dangerous conditions during -future epidemics. - -County Controller Hendershot suggested that Chairman Brown’s -questionnaire should include a call for information with respect to the -number of children orphaned by the epidemic. He said that if he could -secure such information he would take it to Harrisburg and endeavor to -secure additional aid from the State for the care of such children. He -said he believed that the State would increase the Mothers’ Pension Fund -appropriation in order to handle such cases. - -Wm. C. Shepherd declared that the gathering of various statistics, as -proposed, would bring together valuable information for use in preparing -for publication a history of the epidemic. These facts, in his judgment, -should be printed and preserved for the benefit of future generations. -In this connection the Rev. Father McCabe suggested that it would be -wise not to take the census of the various communities until the -epidemic was thoroughly stamped out. Dr. S. P. Mengel also stated that -it would be unwise to take a census until the epidemic was over; and, as -to the final data to be secured by a census, he said that only those -facts furnished by the medical authorities should be accepted, inasmuch -as no one else was competent to determine whether or not a person -alleged to have been ill with influenza had suffered from that disease -or something else. - -The County Medical Inspector told of what had been done at Pottsville, -Schuylkill County, towards taking care of the children made orphans by -the epidemic. He also stated that he would like to see a community -census taken, and a permanent record made of all persons who had helped -in combating the epidemic in Luzerne County. - -Dr. E. L. Meyers, a member of the School Board of the City of -Wilkes-Barré, told of the good work performed by school teachers during -the epidemic and in various public movements, and suggested that, when a -census of community conditions should be made, the aid of school -teachers and school superintendents should be enlisted in the work. He -then offered the following resolution, which was unanimously adopted. - - “_Resolved_, That the Chairman of the Coöperation Committee be - instructed to appeal to the various school superintendents in - Luzerne County for assistance in the making of a community - census, for the purpose of ascertaining desired information in - connection with the Influenza Epidemic, as well as for the - protection of all communities against future epidemics. The - questionnaire to be used by the school teachers in the making of - the said census to be prepared by a committee of physicians to - be named by the Chairman of the General Committee.” - -In pursuance of this resolution Chairman Dougherty appointed Drs. E. L. -Meyers, S. P. Mengel, J. W. Geist and G. A. Clark a committee to prepare -the proposed census questionnaire. - -The Chairman then called attention to the necessity of devising a plan -for the distribution of the money appropriated by Wilkes-Barré City and -Luzerne County for epidemic work. He called especial attention to the -fact that it was not the intention of the General Committee to expend -the money in a haphazard manner, but that only such bills as the -respective communities should be properly relieved of would be paid. The -greatest care should be exercised in arranging a plan that, when worked -out, would give a square deal to all the communities and effect a -general feeling of satisfaction. - -Thereupon, on motion of Percy A. Brown, it was voted that the Chairman -of the General Committee should name a committee to be known as the -“Committee for the Distribution of Funds for the Care and Relief of -Influenza Victims”; which committee should devise and carry out a plan -for “the distribution of the funds provided for the expenses of -emergency hospitals and the relief of victims of the Influenza Epidemic -in Luzerne County.” - -It was further voted that this committee, before deciding upon a plan of -distribution, should procure as much information as possible relative to -the number of cases in each community, as well as the expenses incurred -by the several communities. - -In response to an inquiry made by the County Medical Inspector, it was -decided that the rates of pay for nurses, agreed upon at the -joint-meeting of the General and Coöperation Committees held on October -28, should, in each instance, run from the beginning of the nurse’s -service. - -In pursuance of the action of this meeting Chairman Dougherty -subsequently appointed the following-named gentlemen to compose the -Committee for the Distribution of Funds. William H. Conyngham, Dr. -Charles H. Miner, John O’Donnell, James M. Stack, Fuller R. Hendershot, -Harry W. Ruggles, William J. Ruff, Percy A. Brown, William C. Shepherd -and Gen. Charles B. Dougherty. At a later date the members of the -committee met and organized by selecting William C. Shepherd Chairman, -William J. Ruff Treasurer, and L. K. Eldridge Secretary. - -On Thursday, November 7, the General Committee came to an understanding -with the various municipal, school and Church authorities that it would -be safe to re-open saloons and bar-rooms on Saturday, November 9, -churches on Sunday, November 10, moving-picture houses, theaters, -dance-halls, etc., on November 11, Sunday Schools on November 17, and -public, parochial and private schools (which had been closed on October -5) on November 18. - -On November 5 the Catawissa Emergency Hospital (which had been -established in a private residence) was closed. According to the final -report received from the hospital there had been on the staff six -physicians (including the chief), five Graduate Nurses and two -orderlies. Thirty-nine patients had been admitted, of whom two died. - -Hazleton Emergency Hospital was closed on November 8. The staff had -consisted of two U.S.A. medical officers, five orderlies and enlisted -men, one Graduate Nurse for five days, and a number of volunteer -nurses—most of whom were school teachers. Dr. J. W. Leckie was in charge -when the hospital closed. The total number of patients admitted to this -hospital was 109, of which number 55 had pneumonia and 54 influenza. One -influenza patient and forty-two pneumonia patients died—fourteen dying -within twenty-four hours after their admission to the hospital. - -Exeter Emergency Hospital was closed on November 11, at which time Dr. -James Dixon was the physician in charge. There had been nine Graduate -Nurses and three practical nurses on the staff, three volunteer nurses -and, for a part of the time, three orderlies. Influenza patients to the -number of 90 and pneumonia patients to the number of 79 (making a total -of 169) were admitted, of which number 42 pneumonia patients died—13 -dying within twenty-four hours after their admission to the hospital. - -Nanticoke Emergency Hospital was closed on November 13, at which time -Lieut. C. E. Yates, U.S.A., was the physician in charge, assisted by -Miss Olwen Williams, Graduate Nurse. The staff had comprised four -physicians (including the Chief), three medical officers, U.S.A., three -Graduate Nurses, forty-three volunteer nurses, one medical student and -seven orderlies. Thirty influenza and 121 pneumonia cases had been -admitted, and forty-one of the latter had died—fourteen dying within -twenty-four hours after their admission to the hospital. - -Wanamie Emergency Hospital was closed on November 14, at which time the -physicians in charge were William H. Corrigan and Lieut. L. W. -Frederick, U.S.A., assisted by W. R. Stewart, a medical student. Nine -Graduate Nurses and five Practical Nurses (at different times), eleven -volunteer nurses, thirty nurses’ aids, thirty-one Sisters of Mercy, -seven orderlies and one medical student were members of the staff at one -time and another. Thirty influenza patients and 157 pneumonia patients -were admitted to the hospital. Forty-nine of the latter died—twenty-one -dying within twenty-four hours after their admission. - -The Wilkes-Barré Armory Emergency Hospital was closed on November 14. As -previously noted, this hospital was opened for the reception of patients -on October 16, with the following staff: Capt. E. L. Hendricks, U. S. -Marine Corps, physician in charge; Mrs. J. Pryor Williamson of -Wilkes-Barré, a Graduate Nurse, as chief nurse; fifteen Graduate Nurses, -nine aids and two civilian orderlies.[6] - -Footnote 6: - - During the existence of the hospital the total number of physicians - (including the Chief) on the staff was five; the number of Graduate - Nurses was fifteen; the number of volunteer nurses was twelve (three - Graduates and nine aids); the number of orderlies was ten, and of - enlisted men, fifteen. - -The preparing and serving of food for the patients and the entire staff -of the hospital were in the hands of the Red Cross Canteen service, -under the capable direction of Mrs. E. Birney Carr. For the cooking and -baking of the food the services of Mrs. P. J. Higgins were obtained, and -under her expert directions the quality and quantity of food served were -beyond criticism. - -A system was early inaugurated for the purchasing of materials and -supplies, under which system all materials and supplies needed, with the -exception of food, were purchased by Lieut. Charles A. Trein (of the 2d -Infantry, Pennsylvania Reserve Militia), acting as Purchasing Agent. -Under this system accounts rendered were promptly approved by Col. S. E. -W. Eyer and ordered to be paid, with little confusion and no elaborate -system of bookkeeping. With this system, and the coöperation of the -medical officers and Graduate Nurses in charge, everything moved along -with smoothness and regularity. - -On October 24 Captain Hendricks was recalled to his unit at Camp Crane, -Allentown, for oversea’s duty. Unfortunately he was taken ill when about -to leave Wilkes-Barré, and for three days thereafter was confined to his -bed at the Hotel Sterling. On October 25 Lieut. Joseph Goldstone, U. S. -Marine Corps, was assigned to the Armory Hospital and remained in charge -until October 31, when he, too, was recalled to Camp Crane to report for -oversea’s duty. Thus the hospital was deprived, for the second time, of -a faithful, conscientious, tireless worker. - -On October 28 Mrs. J. Pryor Williamson, a Red Cross worker in -Wilkes-Barré on extended leave, who was serving as chief nurse at the -Armory, was recalled to Washington. With her knowledge of hospital work, -her energy and her untiring efforts, she had, in her twelve days of -service at the Armory, placed the hospital upon a working basis which -left no room for doubt as to her ability and good judgment with respect -to the matters under her supervision. Mrs. Williamson was ably succeeded -at the Armory by Miss Antoinette Schofield, Graduate Nurse, as nurse in -charge, which position she held until the closing of the hospital. - -On November 1 Capt. Evan S. Evans, U.S.M.C., was assigned to the -hospital, and remained as physician in charge until November 14, when -he, too, was recalled to Camp Crane. Captain Evans, with his sunny -disposition and jovial smile, made many friends among the patients and -others with whom he came in contact. - -On November 14, with only three patients as inmates, it was decided to -close the hospital. Therefore, two of the three patients were -transferred to the City Hospital, and one was transferred to the Mercy -Hospital. At that time an average of about thirty new cases of the -pandemic were being reported each day in Wilkes-Barré. In consequence, -the Armory Hospital was left intact for a period of about two weeks; but -as, during that time, no new cases were received, the wards were -dismantled and the building was fumigated and finally closed to the -public on December 7. - -All articles of food remaining on hand at the closing of the hospital -were equally divided and donated to the Wilkes-Barré City Hospital, -Mercy Hospital and the Wyoming Valley Homœopathic Hospital. Other -articles of use and value, after being properly fumigated, were turned -over to the City of Wilkes-Barré authorities for use in the city’s -Hospital for Contagious Diseases, then in course of construction. - -The total number of patients admitted to the Armory Emergency Hospital -was 192, of which number 132 were males and 60 were females. Ninety-four -of the patients were pneumonia cases, and of these sixty-six died. Three -died from influenza. Thirty-five patients died within twenty-four hours -after their admission to the hospital. The largest number of patients -admitted in one day was eighteen—on October 17. The largest number of -patients in the hospital on any one day was 62; the largest number of -deaths on any one day was seven, and the largest number discharged on -any one day was fourteen. Eighty-six of the patients were under thirty -years of age. - -Of the 192 patients received into the Armory Emergency Hospital 102 were -from Wilkes-Barré; 20 from Edwardsville; 22 from Swoyerville; 7 from -Ashley; 6 from Plymouth; 5 each from Kingston and Miners Mills; 4 each -from Askam, Parsons and Forty Fort; 3 from Maltby; 2 each from -Larksville, Sugar Notch, Nanticoke and Buttonwood; 1 each from -Plainsville and Dorranceton. - -The Plains Emergency Hospital was closed on November 18, at which time -Lieut. H. R. Lipscomb, U.S.A., was the physician in charge, and Miss May -Conlon, a Graduate Nurse, was the chief nurse. Five different physicians -(not more than one at any given time) had served on the staff, together -with four Graduate Nurses, three practical nurses, six volunteer nurses, -one medical student, three orderlies and three enlisted men. Fifty -patients were admitted (31 influenza cases, 18 pneumonia cases and one -case of croup), and of this number thirteen of the pneumonia patients -died—three of them within twenty-four hours after their admission to the -hospital. - -The Dupont Emergency Hospital was closed on December 3, at which time -Dr. James S. Dixon was the physician in charge, and Miss Bessie Fadden, -Graduate Nurse, was the chief nurse—she having succeeded Miss Herman on -November 19. There had been on the staff four Graduate Nurses, five -practical nurses (who worked part of the time), two sanitary -detachments, and a number of Sisters of the Bernardine Order who served -as volunteer nurses. One hundred and three patients were admitted to the -hospital, of whom 83 were influenza and 20 were pneumonia cases. Twelve -of the latter died—five of them within twenty-four hours after their -admission to the hospital. - -The following information, concerning influenza and pneumonia cases -treated in some of the permanent hospitals located in the 5th District, -has been derived from official reports made to the County Medical -Inspector, covering the period from October 1, 1918, to January 1, 1919. - -Wyoming Valley Homœopathic Hospital: Total number of influenza cases, -68; pneumonia cases, 55; total number of deaths, 27. - -Mercy Hospital: Total number of influenza cases, 133; pneumonia cases, -131; total number of deaths, 87—including 22 who died within twenty-four -hours after their admission to the hospital. - -Wilkes-Barré City Hospital: Total number of cases, 457, comprising 223 -influenza cases and 234 influenza-pneumonia cases. Two hundred and -thirty-four of the number were male and 223 were female patients. The -total number of deaths was 135. Of the members of the hospital staff, 72 -contracted pneumonia at the hospital, and four of them died. - -Pittston Hospital: Total number of influenza cases, 67 (males, 26; -females, 41); pneumonia cases, 32, of which 13 terminated fatally. - -State Hospital at Hazleton: Total number of influenza patients, 275; -pneumonia patients, 216, of whom 113 died. - -Berwick Hospital: Total number of influenza cases, 113; pneumonia cases, -25; total number of deaths, 16. - -On November 18 the number of cases of influenza-pneumonia in -Wilkes-Barré had increased to such an alarming degree that the municipal -authorities imposed another quarantine ban, closing all amusement houses -and prohibiting public assemblages. Eleven days later this ban was -removed, although the daily average of new cases of influenza and -pneumonia totaled about thirty-five. The public schools of the city, -however, having been closed about two months, were not re-opened until -December 4, although at that time about eighteen new influenza cases a -day were being reported in Wilkes-Barré. Conditions in other parts of -the County seemed to be improving. - -On December 15, owing to the large increase in the number of influenza -cases in Wilkes-Barré, the municipal authorities ordered the closing of -all schools except the City High School and private schools of a -corresponding grade. Also, children under fourteen years of age were -forbidden to attend theatres and motion-picture shows, to ride in public -conveyances and to visit stores. The sessions of Sunday Schools were -also directed to be discontinued. The epidemic seemed to be particularly -prevalent among children. - -One hundred and four cases of influenza in Wilkes-Barré were reported on -December 17, and the next day the municipal authorities imposed -additional quarantine restrictions, the chief of which was that persons -in quarantined houses—excepting physicians, and others given special -permits—should not enter or leave such houses. - -On December 19 the General Committee held a meeting, which was attended -by the Health Officers of Wilkes-Barré, Dorranceton and Hanover. -Chairman Brown of the Coöperation Committee reported that up to that -date there had been 2,872 deaths from influenza and pneumonia in Luzerne -County, 345 of which had occurred in Wilkes-Barré. The County Medical -Inspector briefly outlined the situation in the County, and stated that -in some cases officials were not reporting the true conditions in their -localities. - -At a meeting of the General Committee held on December 21 the County -Medical Inspector stated that the conditions in the various communities -in the 5th District were such that the Acting Commissioner of the State -Department of Health was not inclined to order any further quarantine -ban, unless requested to do so by the authorities of the respective -communities. Dr. Clark, of the Bureau of Health of Wilkes-Barré, -reported that the situation in the city during the last four days had -been better than for some time previously—only 35 new cases having been -reported. He said that so far in the month 1,020 cases had been -reported, while in November only 825 cases had been reported. More -children and fewer adults were being attacked by the disease. - -Mayor Kosek stated that he was averse to crippling the business of the -community, but he felt that everything possible should be done to stamp -out the epidemic. He said he was in favor of giving the matter -considerable publicity, and urged that officials in the outlying -communities should be asked to coöperate with the city authorities in -the enforcement of regulations. - -Resolutions were then adopted to the effect that any further plan for -fighting the epidemic, which should be adopted, should be enforced -vigorously until all danger had passed; that places of amusement should -be closed to children; that public funerals and overcrowding at public -gatherings should be prevented. The following resolution, offered by Dr. -S. P. Mengel, was then unanimously adopted: - - “_Resolved_, That this committee endorses the rules and - regulations adopted by the Board of Health of the City of - Wilkes-Barré, and that we ask for the strict enforcement of the - same, and that we pledge coöperation in aiding the authorities - to bring about such enforcement; and further, that we call upon - the entire public, as well as the officials of all communities - in Luzerne County, for their coöperation in reducing the number - of cases of influenza by obeying to the letter all rules and - regulations adopted by the Wilkes-Barré Board of Health; and we - also ask the coöperation of every newspaper in Luzerne County in - bringing this matter to the attention of the people.” - -On December 23 Mayor Kosek of Wilkes-Barré made an official announcement -to the people of the city, to the effect that, if they would not -voluntarily observe the reasonable quarantine regulations which had been -adopted by the city authorities, he would impose a quarantine that would -be the most far-reaching and absolute that had yet been ordered, and -this without regard to what interests might be thereby affected. - -At this time the officers of the Bureau of Health of the city were -firmly opposed to the lifting of the ban with respect to public dances, -cabarets, Sunday School sessions, and other public assemblages during -the approaching holiday season. However, about the first of January, -1919, the ban against moving-picture houses was lifted, and on the 10th -of the month the remaining restrictions of the quarantine were removed, -and Sunday Schools and the public and private schools of the city -resumed their sessions. - -The following table, compiled from official records and reports, -indicates the total number of known cases of influenza and pneumonia, -and the total number of deaths therefrom, that occurred in Luzerne -County from October 1, 1918, to January 1, 1919. - - - Community Total Total - Cases Deaths - - Ashley Borough 391 43 - - Fairview Twp. 150 8 - - Avoca Borough 250 26 - - Courtdale Borough 32 8 - - Conyngham 300 42 - - Dallas Borough 25 5 - - Dorranceton Borough 357 80 - (including Westmoor) - - Duryea Borough 704 65 - - Edwardsville Borough 609 121 - - Exeter Borough 950 120 - - Forty Fort Borough 138 14 - - Freeland Boro. and 1,567 104 - Foster Twp. - - Hughestown Borough 169 7 - - Jeddo Borough 471 18 - - Kingston Borough 660 68 - - Kingston Twp. 25 4 - - Laflin Borough 84 0 - - Larksville Borough 594 82 - - Laurel Run Boro. 150 4 - - Luzerne Borough 520 44 - - Pringle Twp. 157 14 - - Miners Mills Borough 546 40 - - Nanticoke Borough 1,772 299 - - Slocum Twp. 63 6 - - Hanover Twp. 359 46 - - Newport Twp. 3,700 192 - - Nescopeck Twp. 165 17 - - New Columbus Borough 30 4 - - Parsons Borough 575 49 - - Plymouth Boro. and 1,559 95 - Plymouth Twp. - - Shickshinny Borough 275 25 - - Sugar Notch Borough 450 22 - - Wright Twp. 13 0 - - Dorrance Twp. 62 4 - - Swoyerville Boro. 2,000 81 - - Warrior Run Borough 132 15 - - West Hazleton Boro 479 53 - - West Pittston Boro 685 53 - - Exeter Twp. 0 1 - - West Wyoming Boro. 144 22 - - White Haven Borough 182 3 - - Wyoming Borough 325 30 - - Yatesville Borough 0 0 - - Hazleton 3,012 338 - - Hazle Twp. 790 77 - - Butler Twp. 74 6 - - Pittston, Pittston Twp. 1,366 261 - and Jenkins Twp. - - Wilkes-Barré 4,817 521 - - Wilkes-Barré Twp. 531 60 - - Bear Creek Twp. 5 2 - - Plains Twp. 1,629 133 - - Bucks Twp. 0 0 - - Nuangola Borough 0 0 - - ──── ──── - - Grand totals 34,043 3,332 - - -The following table sets forth the number of cases of influenza and -pneumonia treated, and the number of deaths occurring, in the Emergency -Hospitals in Luzerne County: - - Wanamie 187 49 - Exeter 169 42 - Hazleton 109 43 - Wilkes-Barré Armory 192 69 - Nanticoke 151 41 - Dupont 103 12 - Plains 50 13 - ──── ──── - Grand totals 961 269 - - -The following detailed statement indicates very clearly the character -and amount of the work done for nurses and patients by the members of -the Red Cross Canteen of Wyoming Valley Chapter during the pandemic: - - - Number of portions served October 1,983 - - November 3,714 - - December 3,974 - - ──── - - Total 9,671 - - Number of quarts of soup October 2,158 - distributed - - November 3,946 - - December 2,456 - - ──── - - Total 8,560 - - Number of quarts of milk October 50 - distributed - - November 560 - - December 805 - - ──── - - Total 1,415 - - Number of lunches packed October 532 - for nurses - - November 917 - - December 203 - - ──── - - Total 1,652 - - Number of quarts of lemon October 20 - syrup served - - November 18 - - ──── - - Total 38 - - Number of quarts of lemon October 51 - jelly served - - November 40 - - ──── - - Total 91 - - Number of quarts of October 2 - pineapple juice served - - November 2 - - ──── - - Total 4 - - -Desserts were distributed in which the following articles were used: - - - Milk qts. 2,013 - Gelatin qts. 295 - Eggs doz. 335 - Lemons doz. 42½ - Rice lbs. 15 - Vanilla qts. 9 - Grape Juice bottles 4 - Raspberry Juice bottle 1 - Pineapple cans 4 - Peaches can 1 - Cocoa boxes 4 - Junket Tablets boxes 2 - Cornstarch boxes 155 - Tapioca boxes 141 - Gelatin boxes 202 - Lemon Jello boxes 12 - Sugar lbs. 316 - Ice Cream qts. 56 - - - Vegetables used October qts. 40 - in soup - - November qts. 40 - - December qts. 40 - - ──── - - Total qts. 120 - - Rice used in October lbs. 26 - soup - - November lbs. 40 - - December lbs. 50 - - ──── - - Total lbs. 116 - - Barley used in October lbs. 10 - soup - - November lbs. 3 - - December lbs. 10 - - ──── - - Total lbs. 23 - - Spaghetti used October lbs. 5 - in soup - - November lbs. 46 - - December lbs. 50 - - ──── - - Total lbs. 101 - - - Number of influenza masks 200 - given out (approximately) - - Clothing Garments 50 - - - Soup was distributed in Wilkes-Barré and outlying districts, and - was sent to the Visiting Nurses’ rooms and to the Home for - Friendless Children. Corresponding amounts of desserts were sent - out in Wilkes-Barré, and outlying districts, and to the Home for - Friendless Children. Jellies and marmalades were donated in - large quantities, and were sent out with the soup and desserts. - The sum of $500.00 was donated for free milk for influenza - patients. - - Although Troop Trains were being served during the month of - December, the Canteen continued the work incidental to the - epidemic. From Canteen Headquarters large quantities of soup, - custards and milk were distributed to individuals and families - in the city and outskirts. Three thousand nine hundred and - seventy-four people were served. Two thousand four hundred and - fifty-six quarts of soup were distributed; 167 quarts, with - corresponding quantities of custard, were sent to Georgetown, - and 13½ quarts to the Visiting Nurses’ rooms for their lunches. - Eight hundred and five quarts of milk were distributed. Two - hundred and three lunches were packed for volunteer nurses on - duty in the stricken homes. Twenty-four quarts of ice cream were - distributed on Christmas Day. Desserts were distributed in which - the following were used: 739 quarts milk, 84 quarts gelatin, - 117½ dozen eggs, 10½ dozen lemons, 4 quarts vanilla, 47 boxes - cornstarch, 53 boxes tapioca, 33 boxes gelatin, 12 boxes lemon - jello, 85 pounds sugar. - -At a meeting of the Greater Wilkes-Barré Chamber of Commerce held -December 10, 1918, with President Philip R. Bevan in the chair and -Hayden Williams Secretary, a very full discussion took place with -respect to the large number of children in Luzerne County who had been -orphaned by the influenza scourge (2,390, as noted on page — n?, -_ante_)—creating a condition demanding the serious consideration of -every citizen of the County. Thereupon the following resolution was -adopted: - - “_Resolved_, That a committee be appointed to look into this - matter, and make recommendations at a subsequent meeting of the - Chamber.” - -Pursuant to this resolution President Bevan appointed a committee as -follows: William C. Shepherd, _Chairman_, Percy A. Brown, C. F. Brisbin, -John N. Conyngham, Charles E. Clift, William H. Conyngham, Fuller R. -Hendershot and John D. Farnham. This committee met on January 3, 1919, -and after careful deliberation unanimously decided that, before any -consideration could be given to a definite plan for the permanent relief -of influenza orphans, it would be necessary to form a general committee -drawn from various sections of the County of Luzerne. Chairman Shepherd -declared that, whatever plan of relief should be adopted, it should -apply to the entire County. He said, also, that it would have to be -decided whether or not any of the children could be taken care of by -existing charitable organizations, or whether a special institution -would have to be established. - -Mr. Hendershot, and others present, raised the question as to whether or -not any of the children could be taken care of by the Mothers’ Pension -Fund. It was admitted that if this were done the appropriations for the -Fund would have to be increased. It was stated that, as there were some -Counties in the State which did not have such a Fund, the local Board -might be able to secure an increase in its appropriations from the State -funds not drawn upon by other Counties entitled thereto. - -Mr. Brisbin told of the investigation then going on by members of the -Red Cross, and others, under his direction, in order to ascertain all -conditions surrounding each individual affected by the ravages of the -pandemic. He said that when the inquiries should be completed, in the -course of two or three weeks, there would be definite information as to -the exact number of orphans for whom permanent provision would have to -be made. He said that in many cases orphans would either be placed in -the care of relatives, or others, and that in the end the number to be -provided for by the public would not be as large as then anticipated. - -It was then resolved, upon motion of Mr. Brown, that a committee, -representative of the entire County, should be appointed: - - “To devise plans for the permanent relief of all influenza - orphans needing the same; and that prior to a meeting of this - General Committee to be held on January 20, 1919, the Secretary - should communicate with the various cities in Pennsylvania and - other States, in which the epidemic had been serious, for the - purpose of securing information regarding permanent relief plans - adopted in those cities.” - -In pursuance of this resolve it was decided that the following-named -persons should be invited to come together at the Chamber of Commerce on -January 20, 1919, at 3 o’clock p.m., for the purpose of effecting a -“permanent organization for the relief of influenza orphans in Luzerne -County.” William C. Shepherd, Percy A. Brown, C. F. Brisbin, William H. -Conyngham, John N. Conyngham, John D. Farnham, Hon. S. J. Strauss, Hon. -J. V. Kosek, Miss Anna Koons, Charles F. Huber, Miss Mary Brady, Miss -Rose O’Hara, Dr. Charles H. Miner, Dr. S. P. Mengel, Eugene W. Mulligan, -Anthony C. Campbell, Mrs. George Galland, Mrs. Francis A. Phelps, Mrs. -Andrew F. Derr, Miss Hobart, Miss Nellie Ritchie, Mrs. J. D. Davenport, -Victor Lee Dodson, Frederick J. Weckesser and Harold N. Rust of -Wilkes-Barré; Michael Lonski, F. H. Kohlbraker, Mrs. George G. Brader -and Mrs. Oliver Bell of Nanticoke; Fuller R. Hendershot, Dr. H. L. -Whitney, H. L. Freeman, Michael Maras and the Hon. Asa K. De Witt of -Plymouth; Mayor Henry W. Heidenreich and Harry A. Schmoll of Hazleton; -William Bray of Freeland; D. A. Mulherin of Glen Lyon; the Rev. M. A. -Dauber of Pike’s Creek; Robert Mulhall, William Joseph Peck, M. N. -Donnelly, Mayor James Kennedy, M. W. O’Boyle, W. L. Watson, W. J. -Kilgallen and Mrs. Joseph Peck of Pittston; Samuel M. Parke of West -Pittston; Mrs. E. E. Buckman, Mrs. Laurance M. Thompson and Harry W. -Ruggles of Dorranceton; the Rev. F. Kasaczun of Sugar Notch; V. B. -Sheeder and the Rev. Mr. Gillespie of Wanamie; the Rev. Selden L. -Haynes, the Rev. J. F. Jedlicka and Hubbard B. Payne of Kingston; the -Rev. J. E. Gryczka of Edwardsville; James L. Reilly, Secretary of the -Poor Board of the Central District of Luzerne County. - -In response to notices sent out to the aforementioned persons, about -thirty-five of them assembled in the auditorium of the Wilkes-Barré -Chamber of Commerce in the afternoon of January 20, 1919. At the request -of Chairman Shepherd Mr. John N. Conyngham acted as Chairman _pro tem._ -Mr. Shepherd then explained the purpose of the meeting, and the -necessity for providing some satisfactory method of taking care of the -children throughout the County who had been left in a destitute -condition by the influenza pandemic. - -The Chairman _pro tem._ asked whether or not a permanent organization -should be formed. Mr. Mulhall thought that it would be wise to work -through some organization already in existence and possessing power to -enforce any law relating to the situation. He suggested the United -Charities as such an organization, and supplementary to this suggestion -Mr. Schmoll reported that in Hazleton forty-six influenza orphans were -at that time being taken care of by the United Charities of that City. - -Mrs. Galland, President of the Mothers’ Pension Fund, thought it would -be the best plan to leave as many children as possible with their -surviving parents, and that practically all cases could be handled by -the Pension Fund—provided appropriations for it should be sufficiently -increased. - -On motion of the Rev. Mr. Haynes it was finally voted that a temporary -organization be formed, to be known as the “Chamber of Commerce -Coöperation Committee”, to coöperate with existing agencies in making -investigations and providing relief for all deserving cases. - -Mr. Brisbin, Chairman of the Civilian Relief Department of the Wyoming -Valley Chapter of the Red Cross, stated that his department had begun -investigations, regardless of any arrangements made, or to be made, by -other committees or organizations. It had been stated that the Women’s -Committee of the Council of National Defense was about to institute an -investigation of the orphan problem along the same lines being followed -by the Red Cross, and Mr. Brisbin called attention to the danger of -serious confusion and complications as a result of this overlapping -work. - -Mrs. Phelps and Miss Brady (the latter an employé of the United -Charities of Wilkes-Barré) spoke of conditions found by them in many -homes where poverty reigned, and where it was necessary that something -should be done immediately to save these families from being ejected -from their homes by landlords because they could not pay their rents. -Thereupon Mr. Mulhall inquired why the Poor Boards could not pay the -rents of families in destitute circumstances. Mr. Dodson said that while -the Poor Board of the Central District was publicly not in favor of -paying rents, he believed it would take care of the rent question -quietly by paying money for that purpose to the United Charities. Mr. -Farnham stated that the Red Cross had some money which might be used for -that purpose. - -Upon motion of Mr. Hendershot it was then voted that a committee be -appointed to work in conjunction with the State Department of Health in -an attempt to secure from the State Legislature financial relief for all -influenza orphans. As such committee the Chairman appointed Fuller R. -Hendershot, John D. Farnham and Percy A. Brown. - -Upon motion of Mr. Haynes it was then voted to adjourn until January 22, -at which time efforts would be made to devise an immediate plan for the -permanent relief of influenza victims; and that the Secretary should -invite to this meeting representatives of the Red Cross, the United -Charities, and the Poor Boards in Luzerne and Carbon Counties. - -The adjourned meeting of the Chamber of Commerce Coöperation Committee -held on January 22, 1919, was attended by about twenty persons. Mr. -William C. Shepherd presided, and L. K. Eldridge acted as Secretary. Mr. -Shepherd stated that it was the consensus of opinion that, so far as -possible, all orphans should be kept in their respective homes or be -taken care of by relatives or friends. Mr. Brisbin outlined the work -being done by the Civilian Relief Department of the Red Cross, stating -that cases were being investigated, and that in his judgment the County -had organizations enough to take care of the work, but that money was -greatly needed. - -Thereupon Mr. Hendershot moved that a committee be appointed to confer -with the Poor Board, the Red Cross and other organizations with a view -to obtaining money for carrying on the relief work. This motion having -been carried the Chairman appointed the following committee, to be known -as the “Ways and Means Committee”: William H. Conyngham (Chairman), Dr. -Charles H. Miner, Anthony C. Campbell, Harold N. Rust and the Rev. -Selden L. Haynes. - -Charles E. Keck, Esq., Solicitor for the Poor Board of the Central -District, then outlined the duties and limitations of that Board, and -stated that the members of the Board would be very glad to meet the -committee just appointed and go over with them the matter of providing -funds for needed relief. At this point Judge S. J. Strauss made some -very timely remarks to the effect that a committee should be appointed -to provide means for increasing the capacity and usefulness of the -Wilkes-Barré Home for Friendless Children. He stated that, in his -opinion, additional organizations were not necessary, but that the -Committee should co-operate with those already existing. - -At a meeting of the Chamber of Commerce Coöperation Committee held on -January 31, 1919, Mr. Rust, reporting for the Ways and Means Committee, -stated that the latter had conferred with the attorney for the Poor -Board of the Central District, who informed the committee that in any -case where immediate relief was required the Board would investigate and -then administer such relief as was necessary. - -Mr. Rust was of the opinion that, inasmuch as the taxpayers had provided -funds for the Poor Board, action should be taken by this Committee to -see that the Board properly took care of worthy cases. Further, that as -the law of the State prohibits the paying of rents by the Board, the -matter of rents should be taken care of by the Red Cross; that there -should be close coöperation between Wyoming Valley Chapter of the Red -Cross and the Poor Board of the Central District in the matter of -investigating cases; that immediate relief, when needed, should be -furnished, and that the disbursement of funds should be divided between -the Poor Board and the Red Cross. Mr. Farnham stated that in his opinion -the funds of the Red Cross would be available as far as they would go. - -On motion of Mr. Rust it was then voted that the Civilian Relief -Department of Wyoming Valley Chapter of the Red Cross take to the Poor -Board of the Central District the fifty specific cases which they had -investigated; that these cases should be checked up against those -receiving relief from the Central Poor District, and if it should be -ascertained that there were any who were not receiving relief, the -District be requested to add such names to their list for immediate -investigation and relief; that the District pay for food, coal, etc., -and that funds for the payment of rents be placed in the hands of the -Civilian Relief Department of the Red Cross. - -On motion of Mrs. George Galland it was voted that the Coöperation -Committee of the Chamber of Commerce endorses the action of the -Commissioners of Luzerne County in agreeing to appropriate $25,000 to -the Mothers’ Pension Fund provided the State of Pennsylvania would -appropriate $1,000,000 to the general fund. - -A meeting of the Coöperation Committee of the Chamber of Commerce was -held on February 19, 1919, with William C. Shepherd presiding and L. K. -Eldridge acting as Secretary. The minutes of the meeting held on January -31 were read and approved. Mr. Rust reported concerning the conference -held by the Ways and Means Committee with the Poor Board of the Central -District, stating that the latter had agreed to carry out, so far as -possible, the recommendations set forth in the resolution of the -Coöperation Committee adopted on January 31. The support promised by the -Poor Board would cover medical assistance, food, clothing, and nursing -when necessary; the Red Cross to pay rents. - -Mrs. McLaughlin reported that the original fifty relief cases had been -turned over to the Poor Board, together with 202 additional cases. The -Poor Board had stated that 90% of these cases were already in their -hands, under investigation. It was also reported that several day -nurseries were under consideration, which would permit mothers to leave -their children there and take up employment. Mrs. Phelps stated that in -a number of cases widows had not yet received their insurance money; -that some of the societies in which insurance had been carried were said -to be bankrupt, while some of the larger insurance companies were -holding up the payment of amounts due on policies of deceased victims of -the epidemic. - -On motion of Mr. Rust Mr. Brisbin was authorized to increase the -membership of the Civilian Relief Committee so as to meet the -requirements of the situation of affairs. It was voted, also, that he be -given full power to discuss and decide all matters with the Central Poor -Board, and that he consider the wisdom of employing persons to do social -service work during the ensuing three months. - -On April 30, 1919, a quorum of the Chamber of Commerce Coöperation -Committee met in the Chamber of Commerce auditorium. Chairman Shepherd -stated that, inasmuch as the Red Cross and the Poor Board of the Central -District were taking care of matters for which the Coöperation Committee -had been constituted, it was his judgment that the Committee should be -discharged from further consideration of the matters in question. Mr. -Schmoll stated that in Hazleton all cases had been taken care of through -regular channels, and to the best of his knowledge there were no -destitute cases at that time. Mrs. Bell reported that in Nanticoke there -were twelve cases where rents were being paid, and would be paid as long -as necessary, by the Red Cross. - -Mr. Conyngham stated that the work of the Red Cross, at that time, was -confined to the paying of rents. He could not say, however, how much -longer this work could be continued. It was suggested that, when the Red -Cross had reached the limits in its work of paying rents, the Poor Board -should take over the cases in Nanticoke. Mrs. McLaughlin stated that up -to that date 630 old cases and 75 new ones in the Central District had -been turned over to the Poor Board. - -On motion of Mr. Conyngham it was voted to request the Poor Board to -employ as many experienced women as necessary to investigate and look -after cases after the Red Cross and other organizations had retired from -activity in the field. The Rev. Dr. Farr suggested that the Coöperation -Committee should receive from Mr. Brisbin a full and final report of the -important work done by the Civilian Relief Committee of Wyoming Valley -Chapter of the Red Cross, which work had been carried on under the -direction and management of Mr. Brisbin, and has been briefly referred -to hereinbefore.[7] There being no further business to be transacted, -the Committee adjourned _sine die_. - -Footnote 7: - - A full report of the work performed by the Civilian Relief Committee - will be found in the “History of Wyoming Valley Chapter of the - American Red Cross,” soon to be published. - -The “Committee for the Distribution of Funds for the Care and Relief of -Influenza Victims”, whose appointment is noted hereinbefore, held -various meetings for the transaction of business connected with the -duties confided to it. At a meeting held March 21, 1919, affairs -relative to the various Emergency Hospitals were thoroughly discussed, -following which Mr. Conyngham moved that all bills of the General -Committee be paid at once. This motion was carried. Mr. Hendershot then -moved that the Treasurer be instructed to pay the amounts of the various -Emergency Hospital bills which had been approved by the Committee. This -motion was carried. - -At a subsequent meeting this Committee unanimously adopted the following -rules of procedure relative to the settlement of bills arising out of -the establishing of the seven Emergency Hospitals in Luzerne County: - - “(1) That the verified bills for the construction work of - buildings, or altering or equipping temporary hospitals, should - be paid. - - “(2) That the verified bills for the daily - maintenance—consisting of food, drugs, medicines, and the - overhead expense of light and fuel—together with such special - expenses as were approved by the General Committee in relation - to the general organization work throughout the County, be - approved and paid. - - “(3) That bills in connection with the regularly established - hospitals, and bills relating to the regular hospitals and - charities, and the work of attendants in isolated homes, could - not be approved and paid, as the moneys appropriated for this - epidemic were appropriated for the specific purpose of the - establishment and maintenance of hospitals for this work.” - -At a meeting of the Distribution Committee held April 4, 1919, it was -resolved to issue to the public a “Letter of information concerning the -work of the Distribution Committee”. This letter was subsequently -prepared, giving a brief account of the organization of the committee -and the work it had accomplished, and, having been signed by the members -of the committee, was duly disseminated. The following paragraphs are -extracts from this letter: - - “The appropriation of funds by Luzerne County was made under an - Act of the Pennsylvania Legislature approved May 14, 1915, and - reading in part as follows: - - “‘_Section 1._ * * * The County Commissioners of any County may - appropriate moneys for the support of any hospital, located - within or without the limits of such County, which is engaged in - charitable work and extends treatment and medical attention to - residents of such County. - - “‘_Section 2._ All Acts and parts of Acts inconsistent with this - Act are repealed.’ - - “The appropriation of the City of Wilkes-Barré was made by the - members of the City Council by a resolution reading as follows: - - “‘_Whereas_, the equipment and maintenance of the Emergency - Hospital at the Armory is necessary to fight the influenza - epidemic; and whereas much of the equipment can be later used at - the Emergency Contagious Disease Hospital of the city of - Wilkes-Barré which is now nearing completion, - - “_Therefore, Be it Resolved_, That the City of Wilkes-Barré - appropriate $5,000., or so much thereof as may be necessary, - toward the equipment and maintenance of the Armory or other - Hospital; that the Citizens’ Committee in charge submit bills, - properly audited, to the City of Wilkes-Barré, and the City pay - such bills to an amount equal to the appropriation authorized; - and that the equipment, which can later be used by the Emergency - Contagious Hospital, become the property of the City; and that - patients at the Armory Hospital, whose circumstances permit, be - required to pay for such services, as is done at the other - hospitals in the City.’” - - - Report of Treasurer - - DISTRIBUTION COMMITTEE INFLUENZA EPIDEMIC. - - ──── - - RECEIPTS. - - - From Luzerne County $20,000.00 - - City of Wilkes-Barré 3,999.85 - - Wyoming Valley Chapter 3,963.36 - Red Cross - - The Bell Telephone 14.76 - Company (Refund) - - H. A. Whiteman & Co. 38.45 - (Refund) - - ──── - - $28,016.42 - - - EXPENDITURES. - - - Paid to Nurses, Aids, etc., as follows: - - - Emily Jones $ 40.00 - - Hilda Lewis 40.00 - - Nellie Loftus 40.00 - - Jennie May 40.00 - - Minnie Fry 40.00 - - Mrs. Harriet Hountz 54.00 - - Loretta Sullivan 102.00 - - Anna Walsh 80.00 - - Dorothy Guy 85.50 - - Nellie Fischer 7.33 - - Margaret Bechtold 84.00 - - Oliver Wolfe 108.00 - - Raymond Davis 51.00 - - Howard Roat 75.00 - - Robert Davenport 36.00 - - Mrs. Martha Edwards 48.63 - - Mrs. Myrtle Mooney 14.52 - - Mrs. Ellen Hosey 45.53 - - Bessie Evans 7.26 - - Hazle Smith 7.26 - - Lenore Williams 42.92 - - Evelyn Jones 15.97 - - Gwyn Winters 41.32 - - Goldie Womelsdorf 39.97 - - May Conlon 56.23 - - Nellie Sheridan 29.47 - - Katherine Dymond 32.52 - - Mrs. Hilda Hogg 45.87 - - Mary Sinko 23.61 - - Bessie Fadden 66.77 - - Esther Lynn 55.16 - - Laura Hughes 57.82 - - Annette Schofield 31.35 - - Susan Sable 43.16 - - Sister Angela 35.42 - - Ethel Jordon 31.35 - - Sarah Wilson 7.46 - - Arline Hale 10.50 - - Helen Wheatley 33.00 - - Katherine Longshore 40.81 - - Ruth Jones 47.52 - - Verda Vivian 39.46 - - Beth Porter 47.52 - - Margaret Larkin 47.52 - - Ada Bachstein 34.57 - - Dorothy Tennyson 39.46 - - Edna Bachstein 26.23 - - Eleanor Brown 26.23 - - Mrs. E. Silvara 40.00 - - Irene Lewis 40.00 - - Ruth Rae 40.00 - - Lida Tucker 50.00 - - Margaret Burns 37.29 - - Rose Costello 47.33 - - May Williams 62.00 - - Clara Campbell 20.00 - - Emily Sprake 5.50 - - Mrs. P. Hanson 89.83 - - Jessie Cunningham 14.00 - - Leslie Covert 42.00 - - George Berry 57.00 - - Ernest Wright 6.00 - - Mrs. Margaret Jacobs 19.02 - - Elizabeth Williams 15.97 - - Anna McNulty 81.29 - - Florence Desh 11.61 - - Mrs. Lena Krum 7.26 - - Margaret Griesmer 44.23 - - Ellen McGuigan 54.73 - - Olwen Williams 41.32 - - Kathleen Bishop 10.16 - - Mrs. Jean Langford 29.42 - - Gertrude Lenahan 20.32 - - Mildred Perry 50.32 - - Madge Heffron 47.56 - - Mary Roache 2.90 - - Alice Fuller 43.06 - - Mrs. James Lockett 11.61 - - Leyl VanHoesen .46 - - Mrs. F. T. Mitchell 31.16 - - Anna Boyle 7.40 - - Sister Pierre 41.23 - - Anna McMenanin 23.96 - - Olive Carle 4.35 - - Jeanette Washington 7.50 - - Alice McCarty 18.00 - - Irene McGinty 10.50 - - Margaret Andes 40.81 - - Ellen Davis 47.52 - - Mary Humphrey 47.52 - - Margaret Porter 47.52 - - Agnes Riley 39.46 - - Mable Davis 24.19 - - Katherine Gaffikin 47.52 - - Mildred Weathers 47.48 - - Anna Tobias 50.00 - - Maria Blazick 54.84 - - Irma Goodale 56.39 - - Catherine Thomas 59.68 - - Ann Shanghnessy 13.33 - - Mrs. G. L. Todd 46.51 - - Anna Yanalovitch 85.48 - - Mary Koseck 82.26 - - Millie Heslop 88.71 - - Eleanor Martin 66.13 - - Mrs. Ann Davies 15.00 - - Helen Yablonski 29.09 - - Anna Eaton 67.20 - - Edith Franklin 56.46 - - Mary Mieczkoski 69.93 - - Margaret Burke 47.96 - - Freda Turner 19.52 - - Hannah Davis 17.96 - - Ethel Jones 47.52 - - Emma Cleason 33.87 - - Carolina Bryant 22.58 - - Leah Craig 33.87 - - Marguerite Davey 33.87 - - Bertha Griffith 33.87 - - Mrs. Kathleen Brew 20.40 - - Nell Jordan 19.84 - - Beatrice Sorber 28.93 - - Nellie Blackburn 33.87 - - Helen Finley 33.87 - - Barbara Swanberry 22.58 - - Elizabeth Beeunas 11.29 - - Margaret McDonald 17.74 - - Jennie Jesuit 16.67 - - Frances Keller 16.67 - - Mrs. J. Bavrick 46.51 - - Mrs. E. Massman 26.19 - - Mrs. Blanche Evans 41.94 - - Mrs. Clara Swishere 0.81 - - Emma Wagner 12.50 - - Rachael King 11.67 - - Mrs. Ellen Dailey 28.88 - - Mrs. Ruth Tyrell 25.38 - - Mrs. Elizabeth 31.07 - Deitrick - - Kathryn Kransky 23.77 - - Mrs. Minnie Williams 22.15 - - Elena Heineman 28.73 - - Gertrude McCarthy 39.52 - - Nan Wintersteen 25.35 - - Mrs. Kate Heston 1.61 - - Mrs. E. Roszykiewicz 9.98 - - Anna Owen 6.67 - - Mrs. Marie Caffrey 13.20 - - Jennie Audi 16.48 - - Nora Aubrey 16.45 - - Mrs. Mollie Dennison 18.29 - - Kathleen Lavelle 59.68 - - Helen Slacinski 60.27 - - Josephine Reokey 34.09 - - Margaret Meekin 95.16 - - Anna Groschke 50.59 - - Sarah Kelley 25.81 - - Mary Clemmons 21.66 - - Marie Strome 27.52 - - Iona Brelsford 16.13 - - Doris Reedy 75.81 - - Mrs. A. Dowling 31.62 - - Mayette Mulligan 52.85 - - Helen Mais 23.12 - - Marjorie Lindsay 49.25 - - Alice Kochinsky 12.90 - - Sophia Roach 68.87 - - Edna Runyan 45.54 - - Jennie Moore 11.29 - - Elizabeth Morris 22.58 - - Ruth Thomas 22.58 - - Annette Kivler .81 - - Laura Kokensperger 23.06 - - Violet Clark 5.65 - - Mrs. Mary McClusky 4.94 - - Martha Howard 22.53 - - Blanche Wilkes 33.87 - - Mary Levix 11.29 - - Mary Biczcak 22.58 - - Sophia Chukinski 23.33 - - Helen Gajewski 16.67 - - Myrtle Socha 41.67 - - Sarah Taff 49.57 - - Mrs. Hannah Jones 22.02 - - Mrs. Delia Dunn 11.67 - - Mrs. Maria Jones 24.17 - - Mrs. Margaret Jones 10.83 - - Mrs. Margaret 11.67 - Meehans - - Mrs. A. Steinhauer 43.55 - - Mrs. C. Devaney 3.23 - - Mrs. C. Davies 4.03 - - Mrs. Minnie Llewelyn 22.96 - - Mrs. Marie Shaffer 8.26 - - Gertrude Cooper 22.96 - - Mrs. Anna Norris 27.04 - - Mrs. Minnie Reich 20.56 - - Mrs. Esther Hogg 14.94 - - Mrs. B. Mulhern 28.23 - - Mrs. Charles Burk 3.33 - - Mrs. Belle Connor 5.83 - - Mrs. M. Farber 13.15 - - ──── - - $6,746.34 - - - PAID TO EMERGENCY HOSPITALS THROUGHOUT THE - COUNTY AS FOLLOWS. - - - Dupont Borough Emergency Hospital $ 428.69 - - Jacob Neuman (Dupont) 200.00 - - Exeter Borough Emergency Hospital 1,121.33 - - Hazleton City Emergency Hospital 898.72 - - Hazleton City Emergency Hospital 928.63 - - Nanticoke Borough Emergency Hospital 1,009.82 - - Newport Township Emergency Hospital 1,320.44 - (Wanamie) - - Plains Township Emergency Hospital 467.32 - - ──── - - $ - 6,374.95 - - -PAID MISCELLANEOUS BILLS AS LISTED, FOR WHICH REIMBURSEMENT HAS BEEN - MADE BY THE CITY OF WILKES-BARRE, RECEIPTED BILLS HAVING BEEN - DELIVERED TO THE CITY TREASURER. - - Anthracite Bedding Mfg. Co. $ 31.25 - - " " " " 112.50 - - " " " " 12.50 - - ──── $ 156.25 - - Mrs. Alice Adams 14.00 - - Aston’s Pharmacy 4.00 - - Frank Baab 602.99 - - Frank E. Baldwin 127.77 - - " " " 5.33 - - " " " 3.28 - - ──── 8.61 - - Bell Telephone Co. $ 25.50 - - " " " 25.65 - - " " " 20.00 - - " " " 5.92 - - ──── 77.07 - - Bell Telephone Co. $ 2.14 - - " " " 5.50 - - " " " 2.81 - - ──── 10.45 - - Boston Store $ 78.93 - - " " 11.90 - - " " 224.66 - - ──── 315.49 - - W. D. Beers, Inc. 23.50 - - Col. Eyer paid bills as - follows: - - Ruth Wildrick $ 3.00 - - " " 2.00 - - Mrs. L. Davis 4.00 - - " " " 2.00 - - Mrs. A. Adams 3.00 - - Miss Williams 1.00 - - Harry Adams 3.00 - - Lill Eckert 1.00 - - Chester Adams 2.00 - - Mrs. Phillips 2.00 - - Mrs. Mary Meehan 2.00 - - E. Dunning 2.00 - - A. Ricaloski 2.00 - - Mrs. R. Kisbon 2.00 - - Mrs. C. Walsh 2.00 - - Mary Rasmas 4.00 - - Mrs. L. Williams 3.00 - - Mrs. M. Reed 4.00 - - Mrs. Ira Fox 1.00 - - E. Eckert 8.00 - - Eleanor Williams 1.00 - - James Glasser 4.00 - - Aaron Lane 4.00 - - Joe Riggs 4.00 - - Frank Baab .60 - - Wilkes-Barré Cleaning Co. 18.00 - - Lewis & Bennett 24.20 - - ──── 108.80 - - Frey Brothers 2.10 - - Frank & Barber 85.05 - - G. L. C. Frantz $ 5.75 - - " " 3.88 - - " " 15.40 - - " " 27.83 - - ──── 52.86 - - Gray & Company 2.00 - - Green’s Pharmacy 103.39 - - John H. Green 125.04 - - W. H. Green Pharmacy 1.72 - - A. Kline 27.26 - - " " 7.28 - - ──── 34.54 - - Isaac Long 30.47 - - Lewis & Bennett Hardware Co. $ 7.10 - - " " " " 2.75 - - " " " " 3.90 - - " " " " 2.45 - - " " " " .65 - - " " " " 2.75 - - " " " " 22.75 - - " " " " 6.40 - - " " " " 2.25 - - " " " " 31.50 - - " " " " 7.80 - - " " " " 14.00 - - " " " " 6.30 - - " " " " 5.65 - - " " " " .20 - - " " " " 1.80 - - " " " " 3.62 - - " " " " 5.26 - - " " " " 1.20 - - " " " " 8.17 - - " " " " 3.25 - - " " " " 1.54 - - " " " " 1.25 - - " " " " .40 - - " " " " 3.15 - - " " " " 4.68 - - ──── 150.77 - - Murray-Smith Company 14.70 - - MacWilliams 36.47 - - " .80 - - ──── 37.27 - - C. Morgan’s Sons 7.75 - - H. H. Roth $ 64.20 - - .25 - - " " 1.80 - - ──── 66.25 - - Susquehanna Motor Car Co. $ 1.45 - - " " " " 1.80 - - " " " " 3.11 - - " " " " 6.60 - - " " " " 1.70 - - " " " " 2.82 - - " " " " 1.99 - - " " " " 3.11 - - ──── 22.58 - - C. D. Steinhauer 38.00 - - " " 4.85 - - Shepherd Construction Company 719.33 - - Joseph Schuler 39.85 - - " " 62.09 - - ──── 101.94 - - Lieut. Trein paid - bills as follows: - - John Madden $ .20 - - M. V. Black 10.00 - - W. Zeigler .35 - - Kline’s China Palace .75 - - Ruth Wildrick .75 - - Lillian Davis .75 - - Charles Rutherford 3.50 - - William Doyle 10.50 - - W. B. Goeringer 7.00 - - George White 7.00 - - M. J. Stout 20.00 - - E. L. Klipple .30 - - C. W. Rutherford .50 - - Motor Car Supply .75 - - White Hardware Company .66 - - Irene Lewis 10.00 - - ──── 72.86 - - Mrs. Ash $ 3.00 - - Mrs. Eckert .90 - - W. R. Toomb 1.00 - - W. A. Phillips 1.55 - - Mary Black .30 - - Ball Quick Repair Shop 1.75 - - ──── 8.50 - - F. W. Woolworth Company $ 1.45 - - Ball Quick Repair Shop 1.50 - - W. R. Toomb 2.59 - - C. J. Deibel 13.73 - - Mrs. Black .36 - - Mrs. V. Black 10.00 - - ──── 29.63 - - Wilkes-Barré Record .75 - - Fowler, Dick & Walker 1.68 - - F. W. Woolworth Co. 4.45 - - J. C. Madden .30 - - Riker-Hegeman 7.76 - - William Doyle 24.50 - - Wayne Canfield 5.76 - - Serg. Bradbury 5.50 - - Charles Rutherford 10.00 - - W. R. Toomb .10 - - Posten Bros. 7.75 - - Mrs. Williamson 2.00 - - Wilkes-Barré Laundry Co. 3.18 - - F. W. Woolworth Co. 6.40 - - " " " 3.95 - - ──── 84.08 - - Cash paid for meals by Lieut. 2.60 - Trein - - " " " " 1.70 - " - - " " " " .30 - " - - " " " " 5.25 - " - - " " " " 7.00 - " - - " " " " 3.85 - " - - " " " " 3.15 - " - - ──── 23.85 - - Wilkes-Barré Company 152.47 - - " " 76.24 - - " " 57.56 - - " " 69.69 - - ──── 355.96 - - Wilkes-Barré Company 4.90 - - " " 31.75 - - " " 7.40 - - " " 10.00 - - ──── 54.05 - - H. A. Whiteman 3.75 - - " " 10.50 - - " " 15.20 - - " " 9.00 - - ──── 38.45 - - H. A. Whiteman & Co. 11.20 - - " " " 6.50 - - " " " 3.75 - - " " " 4.00 - - " " " 5.45 - - " " " 11.20 - - " " " 3.75 - - " " " 3.75 - - " " " 5.40 - - " " " 38.45 - - ──── 93.45 - - Wyoming Valley Undermuslin Co. 100.00 - - White & Co. 80.88 - - Zorzi Brothers 8.50 - - ──── - - $3,999.85 - - -THE FOLLOWING BILLS PAID FOR WHICH REIMBURSEMENT HAS BEEN MADE BY THE - WYOMING VALLEY CHAPTER RED CROSS. - - American Red Cross, Wyoming $ 459.06 - Valley Chapter - - " " " " " 36.00 - " - - ──── $ 495.06 - - American Red Cross, Wyoming 557.60 - Valley Chapter - - Percy A. Brown & Co. 30.29 - - " " " " 10.20 - - ──── 40.49 - - J. J. Becker Co. 2.40 - - W. D. Beers 268.01 - - " " 3.80 - - " " 102.95 - - ──── 375.66 - - Percy A. Brown & Co. 330.65 - - Mrs. E. B. Carr 199.00 - - City Auto Co. 3.85 - - Davis Brothers 1.50 - - Farmers’ Dairy 179.58 - - Green’s Pharmacy 16.70 - - Kline’s China Palace 7.48 - - W. A. King & Co. 2.95 - - Leonard Grocery Co. 2.66 - - Charles Maurer 7.44 - - Mulherin Brothers 1.27 - - Frank F. Matheson Co. 852.47 - - Poland’s Hotel 5.62 - - Susquehanna Motor Car Co. 5.65 - - " " " " 4.27 - - " " " " 1.00 - - " " " " 83.45 - - " " " " 1.45 - - " " " " 10.96 - - " " " " 10.55 - - " " " " 22.86 - - " " " " 3.69 - - " " " " 8.25 - - " " " " 4.13 - - " " " " 9.00 - - ──── 165.26 - - Spring Lake Ice Co. 1.98 - - Smith & Clark 8.53 - - Lieut. Trein 8.05 - - Tremayne’s 3.00 - - Visiting Nurse Association 315.00 - - Western Union .25 - - Williams Bros. & Co. 35.63 - - H. A. Whiteman & Co. 18.25 - - Red Cross Canteen Fund 157.38 - - Red Cross, for bills handed us - for - - payment, said bills having - previously - - been paid by the Red Cross 84.08 - - Red Cross, for bills handed us - for - - payment, said bills having - previously - - been paid by the Red Cross 83.58 - - ──── 167.66 - - ──── - - 3,963.37 - - -PAID THE FOLLOWING BILLS COVERING PURCHASE OF MEDICINES, FOOD, ETC., - EQUIPMENT AND MAINTENANCE OF ARMORY EMERGENCY HOSPITAL, GENERAL - ADMINISTRATION, ETC. - - Alheim’s Meat Market $ 2.49 - - Acme Sales Co. 6.08 - - Mrs. Alice Adams 30.00 - - Mrs. Adams 14.00 - - Armour & Co. 80.13 - - " " 9.00 - - ──── 89.13 - - Acheson Bread Co. 9.76 - - " " " 4.32 - - ──── 14.08 - - Atlantic Refining Co. 1.50 - - " " " 2.38 - - " " " 1.75 - - ──── 5.63 - - Frank Baab 2.50 - - George T. Bell & Co. 12.35 - - Bell Telephone Co. 10.07 - - " " " 7.14 - - " " " 15.00 - - ──── 32.21 - - Boston Store .79 - - " " 12.50 - - ──── 13.29 - - Bratzvo (circulars) 300.00 - - William Brodhun 48.00 - - " " 24.00 - - ──── 72.00 - - Percy A. Brown & Co. 599.25 - - " " " 272.17 - - " " " 16.99 - - ──── 888.41 - - J. B. Carr Biscuit Co. 6.78 - - " " " " 3.80 - - ──── 10.58 - - City Auto Co. 49.13 - - Mrs. Kate Closki 25.00 - - Davis Bros. 1.60 - - Deemer & Co. 4.18 - - " " .40 - - " " .95 - - " " 11.17 - - ──── 16.70 - - Durkin Bros. 2.00 - - Mrs. E. Eckert 30.00 - - L. K. Eldridge, for - addressing, - - postage, delivery, etc., of - - history and financial report - - of epidemic 146.00 - - Mrs. Emma Eckert 14.00 - - " " " 14.00 - - ──── 28.00 - - L. K. Eldridge 2.90 - - " " 85.10 - - " " 100.00 - - ──── 188.00 - - Evening News 32.40 - - F. A. Flock .60 - - Frank & Barber 3.00 - - " " 29.20 - - ──── 32.20 - - G. L. C. Frantz 4.23 - - Frey Bros. 2.10 - - Wilbur Goeringer 6.34 - - W. V. Green 4.20 - - Oscar Harvey (Historian) 100.00 - - John Kashenbach 150.00 - - W. A. King & Co. 2.60 - - Francis Klein 70.00 - - " " 55.00 - - ──── 125.00 - - Herman Knappman 43.45 - - L. P. Kniffen 235.00 - - S. S. Kresge & Co. .90 - - Mrs. W. A. Lathrop 41.00 - - Lazarus Bros. 14.50 - - Lehigh Valley Coal Co. 150.00 - - " " " " 92.00 - - ──── 242.00 - - Levy Bros. 9.80 - - Lewis & Bennett Co. 2.21 - - Lincoln Garage 21.40 - - J. C. Lingo 17.00 - - B. E. Loomis 12.60 - - MacWilliams .45 - - Frank F. Matheson Co. 918.05 - - Mercy Hospital 500.00 - - Montayne 25.00 - - C. F. Murray-Smith Co. 16.00 - - J. E. Patterson 46.35 - - Plain Speaker, Hazleton 8.25 - - William Puckey & Bro. 1.20 - - The Raeder Printing Co. 6.00 - - George Rizzo 2.00 - - Joseph Rizzo 3.00 - - Charles Rutherford, orderly 28.50 - - W. J. Schoonover Glass Co. 2.75 - - Shepherd Construction Co. 3.75 - - Susquehanna Motor Car Co. 45.23 - - Shepherd-Rust Company 8.10 - - Ernest Smith 25.00 - - " " 15.00 - - ──── 40.00 - - Smith & Sansom Ice Cream Co. 2.90 - - " " " " " 2.90 - - ──── 5.80 - - Spring Lake Ice Co. 6.05 - - " " " " 7.13 - - " " " " 15.00 - - ──── 28.18 - - Standard Sentinel, Hazleton 8.25 - - Michael J. Stout, orderly 70.00 - - " " " " 30.00 - - ──── 100.00 - - Susquehanna Motor Car Co. 67.54 - - " " " " 101.13 - - " " " " 89.44 - - " " " " 5.50 - - " " " " 1.30 - - " " " " 1.36 - - " " " " .80 - - " " " " 12.68 - - ──── 279.75 - - The Times-Leader 46.80 - - W. R. Toomb & Co. 24.09 - - Lieut. Trein 5.15 - - " " 40.45 - - " " 1.75 - - " " 11.55 - - " " 12.03 - - ──── 92.03 - - H. C. Tuck & Co. 7.00 - - A. P. Ward & Co. 3.50 - - G. L. Weitzel & Son 1.50 - - Western Union 25.53 - - " " .25 - - ──── 25.78 - - George White, orderly 38.50 - - " " " 49.00 - - ──── 87.50 - - John Williamson & Co. 5.30 - - Mrs. J. P. Williamson (petty 40.00 - cash) - - Wilkes-Barré Chamber of 13.64 - Commerce, postage - - " " " 1.30 - " - - Wilkes-Barré Laundry Co. 28.20 - - Wilkes-Barré Record 32.00 - - " " 12.50 - - ──── 44.50 - - F. W. Woolworth Co. 1.80 - - " " " 10.00 - - ──── 11.80 - - E. B. Yordy Co. 335.00 - - " " " 19.00 - - ──── 354.00 - - E. B. Yordy Co. 50.75 - - Zorzi Bros. 13.50 - - ──── - - $ - 6,010.01 - - Balance returned to Treasurer, 921.90 - Luzerne County - - ──── - - $28,016.42 - - -Receipted bills and/or cancelled vouchers handed to the Controller of -Luzerne County. - - WM. J. RUFF, - Treasurer. - -Wilkes-Barré, Pa., December 29, 1919. - - ------------------------------------------------------------------------- - - Roster. - - ──── - -of State Nurses, Graduate Nurses, Practical Nurses, Volunteer Pupil -Nurses, Sisters of Mercy, Volunteer Aids, Red Cross Canteen Workers, -Members of the Visiting Nurses’ Association, and others, who rendered -important services in the various Emergency Hospitals in Luzerne -County.[8] - -Footnote 8: - - According to a report made to the State Department of Health by Dr. - Charles H. Miner in February, 1919, “the Committee of Hygiene and - Nursing of Wyoming Valley Chapter of the American Red Cross was very - active in securing volunteer nurses, so that we had during the - epidemic seventy Graduate Nurses (including seven State Nurses), - fourteen Visiting Nurses of the Visiting Nurses’ Association, - forty-four Practical Nurses and eighty nurses’ aids, working under the - very efficient direction of Miss Nellie G. Loftus, the nurse in charge - of District No. 5.” - - - Augustine, Sister Mary - Ambrose, Sister Mary - Agnita, Sister Mary - Ayers, James - Annunciata, Sister - Avellino, Sister Mary - Angela, Sister Mary - Agatha, Sister - Aubrey, Nora - Andreas, Margaret - Allen, Mrs. Jack - Ayers, Mrs. M. M. - Audi, Jennie - Alice, Sister Mary - Adrian, Sister Mary - Anselm, Sister Mary - Adams, Mrs. Alice - Austin, Elizabeth - Austin, Ruth - Ash, Mrs. Harry - Bonaventure, Sister Mary - Burke, Bridget - Beyer, Julia - Brady, Josephine - Berry, George - Brannigan, Edgar - Berchman, Sister - Burke, Margaret - Bachstein, Ada - Blasick, Marie - Bedford, Mrs. Paul - Brown, Eleanor J. - Brelsford, Iona - Burke, Mrs. Charles - Bell, Mabel - Brew, Mrs. Kathleen - Bleschok, Mary - Blackburn, Nellie - Beeunas, Elizabeth - Bryant, Carolina - Bishop, Kathleen - Bechtold, Margaret - Bachstein, Edna - Boyle, Anna E. - Burns, Margaret - Boscoe, Miss - Brown, Miss - Beck, Mrs. Harry M. - Black, Miss Mae - Beaumont, Mrs. A. A. - Brown, Florence - Barker, Mrs. F. M. - Barlow, Frances - Butler, Julia - Barger, Frances - Bunting, Mrs. Douglass - Brundage, Mae - Casimir, Sister Mary - Carmel, Sister Mary - Curry, Isabelle - Corcoran, Mollie - Curry, Mrs. Sara - Conlon, Mrs. P. J. - Concepta, Sister Mary - Crescentia, Sister Mary - Covert, Leslie H. - Cajetine, Sister - Clemmons, Mary - Conlon, May - Celestine, Sister - Clark, Mrs. Violet - Clark, Elsie - Caley, Margaret - Chirkirski, Sophie - Cobleigh, Violet - Collett, Joyce - Cavanaugh, Mary - Cram, Ruth - Carver, Mrs. Sarah - Caffrey, Mrs. Marie - Connor, Mrs. Belle - Cooper, Gertrude - Craig, Leah - Carle, Olive - Cunningham, Jessie - Campbell, Clara - Costello, Rose S. - Camillus, Sister Mary - Carr, Mrs. E. Birney - Casselberry, Mrs. H. - Carr, Helen V. - Collins, Mrs. P. J. - Chase, Frances - Drexinger, Frank X. - Davis, Raymond - Davenport, Robert - Dymond, Mrs. - Davies, Mrs. Gertrude - Dunn, Mrs. Delia - Douglass, Mrs. Francis - Davis, Helen C. - Davis, Bess - Doud, Mrs. Jos. C. - Doud, Marjorie - Darte, Mrs. Franck - Derr, Mrs. A. F. - Darling, Mrs. Thomas - De la Salle, Sister Mary - Davis, Mrs. Anna - Donohoe, Agnes - Dean, Catherine - DeLourdes, Sister Mary - Davitt, Michael - Dowling, Mrs. Alice - Dooley, Agnes - Davis, Hannah - Dolorosa, Sister - Davis, Ellen - Davis, Mabel - Dennison, Mrs. Mollie - Dietrick, Elizabeth - Dailey, Mrs. Ellen - Devaney, Mrs. C. - Davies, Mrs. C. - Davey, Beatrice - Davey, Margaret - Desh, Florence - Dymond, Katharine - DeLellis, Sister Mary - Dolores, Sister Mary - Eulalia, Sister Mary - Edmund, Sister Mary - Eugene, Sister - Evans, Mrs. Blanche - Eckhart, Mrs. Benjamin - Ernestine, Sister Mary - Edwards, Mrs. Lottie - Eaton, Anna - Edwards, Mrs. Martha - Evans, Bessie - Eileen, Sister Mary - Evans, Mrs. D. A. - Eckert, Mrs. Emma - Elliott, Mrs. Stephen - Evans, Mrs. Abbie - Felicita, Sister Mary - Ferguson, John - Fadden, Bessie - Flynn, Michael - Franklin, Edith - Farber, Mrs. Mary - Fischer, Viola - Finley, Helen - Faulls, Marian - Fuller, Alice - Fry, Minnie - Fisher, Casper R. - Farrell, Helen - Frantz, Mrs. H. G. - Frantz, Eleanor M. - Foley, Mrs. Rose - Frantz, Jet M. - Frantz, Georgia E. - Frantz, Jean - Frey, Kate - Ferenbach, Mrs. Carl - Griesmer, Margaret - Gilboy, Mary - Gildea, M. - Germaine, Sister Mary - Gonzaga, Sister Mary - Genevieve, Sister Mary - Garrahan, Michael - Gildea, Sarah - Griffith, Elsie - Gaffikin, Catherine - Gajewski, Helen - Groschke, Anna - Goodall, Irma - Gleason, Emma - Griffith, Bertha - Guy, Dorothy - Healy, Margery - Helfrick, Bertha - Halpin, Theresa - Hale, Arline - Havrick, Mrs. J. - Humphrey, Mary - Hayden, Anna - Haslam, Mrs. Elizabeth - Harvey, Carol L. - Heslop, Minnie - Heston, Mrs. Kate - Hoog, Mrs. Esther - Hineman, Mrs. Ellena - Howard, Martha - Hayden, Mrs. P. J. - Hosey, Mrs. Ellen - Hughes, Laura - Hogg, Mrs. Hilda - Hanson, Mrs. P. J. - Houtz, Mrs. Harriet - Huberta, Sister Mary - Heffron, Madge - Horn, Serg’t John A. - Harter, Fred. C. - Huber, Mrs. C. F. - Hillman, Mrs. Arthur - Higgins, Mrs. P. J. - Hughes, Mrs. W. E. - Haman, Mrs. M. L. - Horn, Margaret - Higgins, Eileen - Higgins, Anna - Hand, Kathleen - Hodge, Louise - Herman, Miss - Imelda, Sister Mary - Ireland, Mrs. Maud - Immaculata, Sister Mary - Julia, Sister Mary - James, Sister Mary - Jones, Mrs. Hannah - Jerome, Sister Mary - Judge, Mrs. James J. - Jordan, Nell - Jesuit, Jennie - Jones, Ethel - Jordan, Ethel - Jones, Ruth - Joslin, Mrs. - Jones, Erminie - Jones, Mrs. Margaret - Jones, Mrs. Maria - Jones, Evelyn - Jacobs, Mrs. Margaret - Justine, Sister Mary - Jones, Emily G. - John, Sister Mary - Jacobs, Robert S. - Jeffries, Mrs. - Johnson, Mrs. W. C. - Jayne, Abbie - Jones, Mrs. Harold - Jenkins, Mrs. J. E. - Kelly, Anne - Koblonske, Helen - Keller, Frances - Kachinski, Alice - Kelly, Sarah - Koseck, Mary - Kelly, Mary - King, Rachael T. - Kokensperger, Laura - Kivler, Annette - Kransky, Kathryn - Krum, Mrs. Lena - Kent, Mrs. E. H. - Kraft, Louis J. - Kropp, Mrs. G. W. - Linahan, Margaret - Lynn, Esther - Linehan, Gertrude - Larkin, Margaret - Lindsay, Marjorie - Lavelle, Kathryn - Longshore, Katharine - Lee, Abbie - List, Dorothy - Llewellyn, Mrs. Minnie - Levix, Mary - Langford, Mrs. Jean - Landers, Nellie Fisher - Lewis, Irene - Loftus, Nellie G. - Lockett, Mrs. James - Lewis, E. Hilda - Liguori, Sister Mary - Leger, Louis - Loveland, Bessie - LaFrance, Mrs. E. - Lydon, Helen B. - Lawall, Mrs. Elmer H. - Lenahan, Kathleen - Long, Mrs. Charles - Lathrop, Mrs. W. A. - Lee, Alice - McAniff, Mary R. - McCormack, Thomas - McCormack, Mary - McGinty, Irene - McDonald, Margaret - McClusky, Mrs. M. - McCarthy, Gertrude - McGuigan, Ellen - McNulty, Anna - McCarthy, Alice - McMenamin, Anna - Mildred, Sister - Michael, Sister Mary - Massman, Mrs. Eva - Merrick, Catherine - Martin, Eleanor - Morris, Elizabeth - Moore, Jennie - Mulligan, Mayette - Mieczloski, Mary - Mace, Helen - Meekin, Margaret - Martin, Mary - Meehans, Mrs. Margaret - Mulhern, Mrs. B. - Mooney, Mrs. Myrtle - Mitchell, Mrs. F. T. - May, Jennie - Matthew, Sister Mary - Mandeville, Mrs. C. - Mason, Mrs. Harry C. - Miner, Mrs. Charles H. - Mercur, Elizabeth - Norris, Anna E. - Normand, Mrs. J. B. - Noot, Mrs. James - Norris, Esther - Norris, Jane - Nicholson, Edith - O’Connell, Elizabeth - Owens, Anna - O’Donnell, W. J. - Pissott, Esther - Paul, Mother Mary - Porter, Margaret - Perry, Mildred - Patricia, Sister Mary - Perham, Mrs. T. R. - Porter, Beth - Pierre, Sister Mary - Price, Walter E. - Pier, Mrs. - Phelps, Margaret D. - Pease, Helen - Phillips, Mildred - Poland, Mae - Pettebone, Mrs. Stephen - Phelps, Mrs. J. A. - Raphael, Sister Mary - Ruth, Sister Mary - Roderick, Mrs. Richard - Rose, Sister Mary - Runyan, Edna - Ross, Isabelle - Richards, Arline - Roach, Sophia - Reese, Mable - Reokey, Josephine - Reilly, Agnes - Reedy, Doris - Rea, Thomas - Reich, Mrs. Minnie - Roszykiewicz, Mrs. E. - Roat, Howard E. - Rae, Ruth B. - Ruth, Sister Mary - Roache, Mary - Reilly, Margaret - Rutter, Mrs. James M. - Regan, Ruth - Rush, Elizabeth - Reynolds, Mrs. Dorrance - Reynolds, Mrs. Peirce - Ricketts, Mrs. Wm. B. - Reynolds, Edith - Searfoss, Mrs. Wm. - Selicital, Sister - Sebastian, Sister Mary - Steinhauer, Mrs. A. - Swanberry, Barbara - Sheposki, Anthony - Socak, Myrtle - Shaughnessy, Anna - Sprake, Emily - Slacinski, Helen - Strome, Marie L. - Sorber, Beatrice - Sheffer, Mrs. Marie - Sheridan, Nellie - Smith, Hazel P. - Sable, Susan - Schofield, Antoinette - Silvara, Mrs. E. - Sullivan, Loretta - Sinko, Mary - Silverstein, Serg’t Jacob - Swisher, Mrs. - Stevens, Mrs. C. J. - Strauss, Bertha - Sturdevant, Jessie - Strauss, Mrs. S. J. - Shoemaker, Jane - Todd, Mrs. G. L. - Turner, Freda - Thomas, Catherine - Tobias, Anna - Taff, Sarah - Tennyson, Dorothy - Theis, Mrs. Maud - Thomas, Anna - Trescott, Mary L. - Tyrrell, Mrs. Ruth - Thomas, Ruth - Tucker, Lida H. - Theophane, Sister Mary - Thomas, Thomas T. - Trainor, Marcus T. - Turrell, Mrs. H. W. - Treglawn, Clara H. - Thomas, Frances H. - Tischler, Mrs. Joseph - Thompson, Mrs. Eliz. - Thompson, Mrs. Law. - Trein, Lieut. Charles - Ursula, Sister Mary - Uhl, Mrs. Russell - VanHorn, Mrs. W. R. - Vincentia, Sister Mary - Vivian, Verda - VanHoesen, Leyl - Wilfred, Sister Mary - Walsh, Mary - Wheatley, Helen - Walsh, Rose - Weathers, Mildred - Walsh, Anna V. - Wagner, Emma C. - Wintersteen, Nan - Williams, Mrs. Minnie - Wilkes, Margaret - Winters, Gwyn - Wilkes, Blanche - Womelsdorf, Goldie - Williams, Olwen - Williams, Lenore - Williams, Elizabeth - Wolfe, Oliver L. - Washington, Jeannette - Wilson, Sarah - William, Sister Mary - Williams, May - Wright, Ernest W. - Williamson, Mrs. J. P. - Woodward, Mrs. J. B. - Waller, Mrs. C. B. - Williams, Sarah L. - Williams, Laura - Winchester, Mrs. B. B. - Williams, Kate - Williams, Grace - Weckesser, Marion - Walker, Jennie - Wildermuth, Edith - Yanalewicz, Anna - Young, Helen - Yaple, John Q. - Yetter, Mrs. H. W. - - - - ------------------------------------------------------------------------- - - - - -Transcriber’s note: - - ○ On page 42 there is a missing reference to another page in this - document. - - ○ In the table of expenses some of the grand totals were folded into - the right-most column to keep the line within the page width. - - ○ Missing or obscured punctuation was silently corrected. - - ○ Typographical errors were silently corrected. - - ○ Inconsistent spelling and hyphenation were made consistent only - when a predominant form was found in this book. - - - -***END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE SPANISH INFLUENZA PANDEMIC OF -1918*** - - -******* This file should be named 64785-0.txt or 64785-0.zip ******* - - -This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: -http://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/6/4/7/8/64785 - - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will -be renamed. - -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United -States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. 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