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diff --git a/old/64762-0.txt b/old/64762-0.txt deleted file mode 100644 index 587437b..0000000 --- a/old/64762-0.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,755 +0,0 @@ -The Project Gutenberg eBook of Some Historic Trees, by Anonymous - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and -most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms -of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you -will have to check the laws of the country where you are located before -using this eBook. - -Title: Some Historic Trees - -Author: Anonymous - -Release Date: March 09, 2021 [eBook #64762] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: UTF-8 - -Produced by: Stephen Hutcheson and the Online Distributed Proofreading - Team at https://www.pgdp.net - -*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK SOME HISTORIC TREES *** - - - - - Some Historic Trees - - - [Illustration: Boards of the Public Library of Fort Wayne and Allen - County] - -One of a historical series, this pamphlet is published under the -direction of the governing Boards of the Public Library of Fort Wayne -and Allen County. - - BOARD OF TRUSTEES OF THE SCHOOL CITY OF FORT WAYNE - - _B.F. Geyer, President_ - _Joseph E. Kramer, Secretary_ - _W. Page Yarnelle, Treasurer_ - _Mrs. Sadie Fulk Roehrs_ - _Willard Shambaugh_ - - PUBLIC LIBRARY BOARD FOR ALLEN COUNTY - -The members of this Board include the members of the Board of Trustees -of the School City of Fort Wayne (with the same officers) together with -the following citizens chosen from Allen County outside the corporate -City of Fort Wayne: - - _James E. Graham_ - _Arthur Nieneier_ - _Mrs. Glenn Henderson_ - _Mrs. Charles Reynolds_ - - - - - FOREWORD - - -From earliest times, trees have served and interested man. Primitive man -found trees to be a source of food, fuel, clothing, and building -material. In the dim, distant past certain trees were considered sacred -as the habitat of woodland deities. Today, some giants of the forest are -known for their great age and as landmarks; they are often associated -with historical events. - -The first portion of this pamphlet was published in the FORT WAYNE -SENTINEL on July 11, 1891, and describes historic trees of the Colonial -and Revolutionary periods. Grammar, spelling, and punctuation have been -changed to correspond with current usage. The second part was written by -the Library Staff; stories of notable trees of the Old Northwest are -related. - -The Boards and the Staff of the Public Library of Fort Wayne and Allen -County present this publication in the hope that it will prove -entertaining and informative to citizens of the Summit City. - - -There has been no Methuselah since the flood. Man seldom lives longer -than one hundred years. Only the elephant and the tortoise feebly -imitate the longevity of the antediluvians. But there are living things -that outlive them all—things far more stately than the tallest man or -largest quadruped—living things that were companions of the gray beards -before the flood and lived to bless their grandchildren. - -The only living links between us and the remote past are trees—grand old -trees with clustering memories like trailing vines. In the shadows of -the dark forest, in the light of the lofty hills, in the warmth and -beauty of the broad plains of the great globe, they stand in matchless -dignity. But they are few. They are patriarchs of the vegetable kingdom, -receiving the homage of myriads of children. With what mute eloquence do -they address us? With what moving pathos do the trees of Olivet -discourse of Jesus, his “beautiful life and sublime death”? How the -cedars of Lebanon talk of Solomon and Hiram, and the great temple of -Jerusalem! In our own country and in our own time, ancient trees have -been, and still are, intimately connected with our history as colonies -and as a nation; they command the reverence of every heart. - -Probably the most ancient of these living links connecting the present -and the past was the Big Tree that stood on the bank of the Genesee -River, near the village of Geneseo, New York. When first seen by the -white man, it was the patriarch of the Geneseo Valley and was so revered -by the Senecas that they named their village “Big Tree.” It also gave -name to an eminent Seneca chief, who was the friend of Washington and -his cause. During a great flood in the Geneseo Valley in 1857, the Big -Tree was swept away and buried in the bottom of Lake Ontario. The trunk -measured twenty-five feet, nine inches in circumference. - -Probably next in age to the Big Tree was the famous Charter Oak in the -city of Hartford, Connecticut. It was standing at the height of its -glory and was estimated to be six hundred years old when the seeds of -the commonwealth were planted there. Connected with it is a curious -episode. When James II ascended the English throne, he took measures to -suppress the growth of free government in America; he sent over Edmond -Andros to take away the charters from the colonies and to rule over them -as governor general. Connecticut refused to give up her charter. When -Andros attempted to seize it during a night session of the Assembly, -Captain Wadsworth bore the charter away and secreted it in a hollow of -the old oak. After James II had been deposed and Andros had been -banished from New England, the charter was taken from its hiding place -and the government re-established. On a stormy night in August, 1854, -the old oak was prostrated. - -In the Kensington area of Philadelphia, an old elm stood until 1810, -known as Penn’s Treaty Tree, because under it the renowned Quaker made -his compact with the Indians. “I will not do as the Marylanders did, -that is, call you children or brothers only,” said Penn, addressing the -Indians, “for parents are apt to whip their children too severely, and -brothers sometimes will differ; neither will I compare the friendship -between us to a chain for the rain may rust it or a tree may fall and -break it, but I will consider you as the same flesh and blood with the -Christians, and the same as if one man’s body were to be divided into -two parts.” - -Until 1860 a venerable willow tree stood in New York City and it has an -interesting history. When Alexander Pope, the English poet, built his -villa at Twickenham, he planted a small twig that a friend had sent him -from Smyrna. This little twig of the Salix babylonica, or weeping -willow, became the parent of all its kind in England and in the United -States. One of the British officers who came to Boston in 1775 to crush -the American Revolution carried with him a twig from Pope’s willow to -plant on American soil. The twig was presented to John Parke Custis, -Washington’s stepson, and was planted at Abingdon, Virginia. In 1790 -General Gates planted a shoot from it on his farm on Manhattan Island, -where it became in time a beautiful willow, the grandchild of Pope’s -willow at Twickenham. - -Soon after the great conflict for American independence had begun, -Washington was appointed Commander in Chief of the continental forces; -on July 2, 1775, he took up his headquarters at Cambridge, -Massachusetts. The following morning he proceeded to a great elm tree at -the north end of Cambridge Common and drawing his sword, he formally -took command of the army. The old elm tree was known afterward as -Washington’s Elm. - - [Illustration: Penn’s Treaty Tree] - -Near the dividing line between North and South Carolina stood a famous -tulip tree, marking the spot where the Americans defeated a part of Lord -Cornwallis’ army in October, 1780. Because ten Tories were hanged from -its branches after the battle, the tree was called afterward the Tory -Tulip Tree. - -Until about 1852, a majestic pine tree stood by the highway between the -villages of Fort Edward and Sandy Hill (now Hudson Falls) on the Hudson -in upstate New York. Upon its trunk was carved “Jane McCrea, 1777.” The -inscription memorialized the tragic fate of Jane McCrea. The daughter of -a New Jersey clergyman, she moved, after her father’s death, to her -brother’s home near Fort Edward. Here she became engaged to a neighbor’s -son. He was a loyalist who entered the army of Burgoyne. In 1777, Jane -was captured by Indians and was killed instantly when a bullet intended -for the savages pierced her heart. Her lover purchased the locks of his -beloved, deserted the army, and retired to Canada, where he bewailed his -betrothed’s fate until the end of his life. - -In 1779 Washington sent Mad Anthony Wayne to storm the fort on Stony -Point in the Hudson highlands. When asked by Washington whether he could -carry the fort, Wayne replied: “I’ll storm hell if you will only plan -it!” Under a black walnut tree, in the stillness of the night, Wayne -gave orders to his men, and as stealthily as tigers they approached the -fort and surprised it. In the early morning Wayne wrote to the Commander -in Chief, “The fort and garrison and Colonel Johnston are ours.” The -walnut tree has perished. - - [Illustration: a black walnut tree at Stony Point] - -Near Seaconnet, Rhode Island, stood a venerable sycamore tree, the only -great tree left in that section of the state by the British when they -evacuated it in October, 1779. Seaconnet Channel was the scene of one of -the most dashing exploits of the War of Independence. The British had -blocked the channel with the warship, “Pigot,” which was armed with -twelve eight-pounders and ten swivels. Captain Silas Talbot undertook -the capture of the “Pigot.” Embarking sixty men on the coasting schooner -“Hawke” which was armed with only three three-pounders and small arms, -he sailed under cover of darkness. Grappling the enemy, he boarded, -drove the crew below, coiled the cables over the hatchway to secure his -prisoners, and carried off his prize to Stonington. - -In Charleston until 1849 there was a beautiful magnolia tree which -spread its branches over more than two hundred square feet. Under this -tree General Benjamin Lincoln held a council in 1780 to determine -whether Charleston, then besieged by Sir Henry Clinton, should be -evacuated. It was resolved to remain, but a few weeks later the -Americans surrendered to the British, who had been reinforced by Lord -Cornwallis. - -At Lake Drummond in the Dismal Swamp in Virginia, there is a tall tree -under which Washington is reputed to have passed a night in Colonial -times. - -When Thomas Moore, the Irish poet, visited Norfolk in 1834, he heard the -story of a young man who became mentally unbalanced on the death of his -beloved. Refusing to admit her death, he believed that she was living -deep within the swamp. Under that impression he wandered into its -solitudes and perished. Moore used this legend as the basis for his -touching ballad “The Lake of the Dismal Swamp,” which commences: - - “They made her a grave, too cold and damp - For a soul so warm and true; - And she’s gone to the Lake of the Dismal Swamp, - Where, all night long, by a fire-fly lamp, - She paddles her white canoe. - - And her fire-fly lamp I soon shall see, - And her paddle I soon shall hear; - Long and loving our life shall be, - And I’ll hide the maid in a cypress tree, - When the footstep of death is near.” - -The last of our historical trees is a white oak in the eastern part of -the village of Flushing on Long Island a few miles from New York. George -Fox, the founder of the Society of Friends, preached under it in 1672, -and afterward it was held in deep regard by the Quakers. - - -FORT WAYNE SENTINEL, July 11, 1891 - - -Hoosiers and other Midwesterners may well be proud of the interesting -trees of their states. These giants of the forest are interesting -because of closely connected historical events or because of special -facets of their own histories. Indiana and her neighboring states have -produced great trees worthy of special mention. - -The fame of a tree is perpetuated and frequently exaggerated or altered -during its lifetime. The natives consider the tree as a landmark; they -proudly point it out and relate its history to strangers. All too often -when the tree dies and is felled, it is unfortunately forgotten. The -legend also dies for succeeding generations. - -The citizens of Indiana are indeed fortunate that their most famous -tree, the Constitution Elm, has not been allowed to sink into oblivion. -Delegates met at Corydon, Indiana’s first capitol, on June 10, 1816, to -draft the first state constitution. The weather was unseasonably warm; -the heat may have influenced the committee to adjourn to the shade of a -huge elm on the lawn of the Statehouse. Under these sheltering branches -spreading over one hundred feet, the delegates met each day until they -had completed that historic document on the twenty-ninth of June in that -memorable summer. The elm perished in 1925 from a fatal root disease, -phloem necrosis, but the trunk was preserved and set in a sandstone -monument. - -Another elm connected with the political history of Indiana grew at -Plainfield. In 1842 Martin Van Buren toured the West, and his itinerary -included Indianapolis and Terre Haute with a stop en route at -Plainfield. Although 1842 was not a presidential election year, Van -Buren undoubtedly had in mind the coming nominations of 1844, for he -made speeches at every stop and gave his political opinions freely. In -Indianapolis he was given an enthusiastic reception by his friends and -admirers. But he also had political enemies in Indiana. The owners of -the stage coach lines were incensed because he had not favorably -received legislation for road improvement. - - [Illustration: the Constitution Elm ... Corydon, Indiana] - -These enemies planned to mar his arrival at Plainfield and had little -trouble bribing the driver of Van Buren’s coach to effect it. The -National Road led into Plainfield, and beside it towered an ancient elm. -The massive roots of the tree extended across the road. As the coach -approached the tree, the driver whipped up the horses instead of slowing -them down. The wheels struck the obstacle; the impact upset the coach, -and Van Buren landed in the muddy road. His political foes succeeded in -spoiling his arrival at Plainfield and doubtlessly impressed him with -the urgent need for highway improvement! The local chapter of the -Daughters of the American Revolution has since marked this elm with a -plaque. - -The patriarch of Fort Wayne’s apple trees was bearing fruit long before -General Wayne appeared on the scene. When Chief Richardville of the -Miami Indians was born in a hut near the tree in 1761, the apple tree -stood in the midst of the Miami village, Kekionga. The city grew and -prospered; late in the nineteenth century the venerable tree perished at -an estimated age of one hundred and fifty years. Although the exact -location is unknown, it stood in the Lakeside residential district of -Fort Wayne. An article in the May, 1862, issue of HARPER’S NEW MONTHLY -MAGAZINE reveals that the trunk of the ancient tree measured twenty feet -in diameter in 1860. - -New Harmony, Indiana, the scene of two remarkable social experiments, -had two trees worthy of mention. In 1803 the Harmonists, under the -leadership of George Rapp, separated from the Lutheran church in Germany -and migrated to Pennsylvania. In 1815 the sect moved again; the members -decided on a site which they called “Harmonie” on the Wabash River in -Indiana. Upon disembarking at their destination, they slept under an oak -tree, which was later named “The Rappite Oak.” Rapp built his own house -near the tree. The Harmonists were so successful in their communal -living experiment that jealous neighbors made life unpleasant for them, -and they returned to Pennsylvania in 1824. But the oak survived until -1900 and outlived all of the Harmonists, whose numbers dwindled rapidly -because of their strict adherence to celibacy. - -Robert Owen (1771-1858), another social experimenter, purchased the -settlement from Rapp and renamed it “New Harmony.” Unlike the -Harmonists, Owen and his followers were humanists. Their community did -not flourish long, but while in existence it was the home of a brilliant -group of scientists. Among them were Thomas Say, a noted zoologist, -Thomas Nutthall, a botanist, and William Maclure, one of the world’s -outstanding geologists. All three men are commemorated by an Osage -Orange tree planted in New Harmony in 1826. Say planted the tree and -Nutthall conferred its scientific name, “Maclura pomifera,” in honor of -Maclure. The tree was still alive in the 1920’s, a memorial to an -experiment, which, although short lived, has had a lasting influence -upon American democracy. - -Several trees in the Great Lakes area were famous for their connections -with treaty negotiations between the white settlers and the Indians. -Just two days after the signing of the Declaration of Independence, -Alexander and William Macomb purchased Grosse Ile and several smaller -islands at the mouth of the Detroit River. The Fox and Potawatomi -Indians signed a treaty ceding the islands in return for tobacco, -blankets, and a small sum of money. The document was signed under a -linden tree, which survived the event a century and a quarter. It was -felled by a violent storm on July 3, 1901; the site has been marked by a -tablet. - -Relations between the Indians and settlers were not distinguished by a -high code of honor; the unprovoked murders occasionally committed by -both white and red men are probably the ugliest testimony of that fact. -Chief Logan of the Mingo tribe has immortalized an elm tree by his reply -to just such a treacherous mass murder. In the course of Dunmore’s -campaign against the Indians in 1774, Colonel Cresap had killed all of -Logan’s relatives in spite of Logan’s unblemished record as a friend of -the whites. After this unwarranted cruelty, the embittered chief joined -the battle against the settlers. The Indians were finally forced to make -peace. Logan, standing beneath an elm tree in Pickaway County, Ohio, -made his famous and moving appeal to Dunmore’s representative: - - [Illustration: patriarch of Fort Wayne’s apple trees] - -“I appeal to any white man to say if he ever entered Logan’s cabin -hungry, and he gave him not meat; if he ever came cold and naked, and he -clothed him not? During the course of the last long and bloody war, -Logan remained idle in his camp, an advocate for peace. Such was my love -for the whites that my countrymen pointed as I passed and said, ‘Logan -is the friend of the white man.’ I had ever thought to have lived with -you but for the injuries of one man. Colonel Cresap, the last spring, in -cold blood and unprovoked, murdered all the relations of Logan, not even -sparing my women and children. There runs not a drop of my blood in the -veins of any living creature. This called on me for vengeance. I have -sought it. I have killed many. I have fully glutted my vengeance. For my -country I rejoice at the beams of peace; but don’t harbor a thought that -mine is the joy of fear. Logan never felt fear. He will not turn on his -heel to save his life. Who is there to mourn for Logan? Not one.” - -In Webster County, Kentucky, a tree acquired a sinister reputation -because of its association with an infamous criminal. Two notorious -brothers, Micajah and Wiley Harpe, came to Kentucky from North Carolina -in 1799. Commonly known as “Big Harpe” and “Little Harpe,” the men left -a trail of murder and plunder as they moved across the state. Arrested -and imprisoned for murder, the desperadoes escaped and killed a boy and -three men. They finally climaxed their crimes by murdering an entire -family of women and children. - -The outraged citizens, led by Captain Leeper, organized a posse and rode -in search of the outlaws. One of the party was Mr. Stigall, the husband -and father of the last group of victims. The posse overtook the brothers -in Webster County, at a point near the junction of Union and Henderson -counties. Captain Leeper shot and wounded “Big Harpe,” and Mr. Stigall -killed him; but “Little Harpe” escaped unharmed. - -The incensed men decapitated Harpe, and impaled his head on a sharpened -sapling growing nearby. The tree continued to grow, branching around its -shortened trunk. Underneath the head, a face was later carved into the -bole of the tree. The sculptured effigy remained clearly visible until -the landmark was hewn down nearly a century later. The tree grew beside -the intersection of roads from Henderson, Hopkinsville, and Morganfield, -and the crossroads became known as “Harpe’s Head.” - - - - - Transcriber’s Notes - - -—Silently corrected a few typos. - -—Retained publication information from the printed edition: this eBook - is public-domain in the country of publication. - -—In the text versions only, text in italics is delimited by - _underscores_. - - - -*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK SOME HISTORIC TREES *** - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will -be renamed. - -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the -United States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. 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