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diff --git a/old/64581-0.txt b/old/64581-0.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9f0bcc8 --- /dev/null +++ b/old/64581-0.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3896 @@ +The Project Gutenberg eBook of Historical record of the Twenty-second, or +the Cheshire Regiment of Foot, by Richard Cannon + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and +most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions +whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms +of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at +www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you +will have to check the laws of the country where you are located before +using this eBook. + +Title: Historical record of the Twenty-second, or the Cheshire Regiment + of Foot + containing an account of the formation of the regiment in 1689, + and of its subsequent services to 1849 + +Author: Richard Cannon + +Release Date: February 17, 2021 [eBook #64581] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: UTF-8 + +Produced by: Brian Coe, John Campbell and the Online Distributed + Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This book was + produced from images made available by the HathiTrust Digital + Library.) + +*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK HISTORICAL RECORD OF THE +TWENTY-SECOND, OR THE CHESHIRE REGIMENT OF FOOT *** + + + + + TRANSCRIBER'S NOTE + + Italic text is denoted by _underscores_. + + Footnote anchors are denoted by [number], and the footnotes have been + placed at the end of each major section. + + A superscript is denoted by ^x or ^{xx}, for example S^t or Esq^{re}. + + Some minor changes to the text are noted at the end of the book. + + + + +[Illustration: + + BY COMMAND OF His late Majesty WILLIAM THE IV^{TH}. + _and under the Patronage of_ + Her Majesty the Queen. + + HISTORICAL RECORDS, + _OF THE_ + British Army + + _Comprising the_ + _History of every Regiment_ + _IN HER MAJESTY'S SERVICE_. + + _By Richard Cannon Esq^{re}._ + + _Adjutant General's Office, Horse Guards._ + + London. + + _Printed by Authority._] + + + + + HISTORICAL RECORD + + OF + + THE TWENTY-SECOND, + + OR + + THE CHESHIRE REGIMENT OF FOOT. + + CONTAINING + + AN ACCOUNT OF THE FORMATION OF THE REGIMENT + IN 1689, + + AND OF ITS SUBSEQUENT SERVICES + TO 1849. + + COMPILED BY + + RICHARD CANNON, ESQ., + + ADJUTANT-GENERAL'S OFFICE, HORSE GUARDS. + + ILLUSTRATED WITH PLATES. + + LONDON: + PARKER, FURNIVALL, & PARKER, + 30, CHARING-CROSS. + + MDCCCXLIX. + + + + +GENERAL ORDERS. + + + _HORSE-GUARDS_, + _1st January, 1836_. + +His Majesty has been pleased to command that, with the view of doing +the fullest justice to Regiments, as well as to Individuals who have +distinguished themselves by their Bravery in Action with the Enemy, +an Account of the Services of every Regiment in the British Army +shall be published under the superintendence and direction of the +Adjutant-General; and that this Account shall contain the following +particulars, viz.:-- + + ---- The Period and Circumstances of the Original Formation of + the Regiment; The Stations at which it has been from time to time + employed; The Battles, Sieges, and other Military Operations in + which it has been engaged, particularly specifying any Achievement + it may have performed, and the Colours, Trophies, &c., it may have + captured from the Enemy. + + ---- The Names of the Officers, and the number of Non-Commissioned + Officers and Privates Killed or Wounded by the Enemy, specifying + the place and Date of the Action. + + ---- The Names of those Officers who, in consideration of their + Gallant Services and Meritorious Conduct in Engagements with the + Enemy, have been distinguished with Titles, Medals, or other Marks + of His Majesty's gracious favour. + + ---- The Names of all such Officers, Non-Commissioned Officers, and + Privates, as may have specially signalized themselves in Action. + + And, + + ---- The Badges and Devices which the Regiment may have been + permitted to bear, and the Causes on account of which such Badges + or Devices, or any other Marks of Distinction, have been granted. + + By Command of the Right Honorable + GENERAL LORD HILL, + _Commanding-in-Chief_. + + JOHN MACDONALD, + _Adjutant-General_. + + + + +PREFACE. + + +The character and credit of the British Army must chiefly depend +upon the zeal and ardour by which all who enter into its service are +animated, and consequently it is of the highest importance that any +measure calculated to excite the spirit of emulation, by which alone +great and gallant actions are achieved, should be adopted. + +Nothing can more fully tend to the accomplishment of this desirable +object than a full display of the noble deeds with which the Military +History of our country abounds. To hold forth these bright examples +to the imitation of the youthful soldier, and thus to incite him to +emulate the meritorious conduct of those who have preceded him in +their honorable career, are among the motives that have given rise to +the present publication. + +The operations of the British Troops are, indeed, announced in the +"London Gazette," from whence they are transferred into the public +prints: the achievements of our armies are thus made known at the +time of their occurrence, and receive the tribute of praise and +admiration to which they are entitled. On extraordinary occasions, +the Houses of Parliament have been in the habit of conferring on the +Commanders, and the Officers and Troops acting under their orders, +expressions of approbation and of thanks for their skill and bravery; +and these testimonials, confirmed by the high honour of their +Sovereign's approbation, constitute the reward which the soldier most +highly prizes. + +It has not, however, until late years, been the practice (which +appears to have long prevailed in some of the Continental armies) +for British Regiments to keep regular records of their services +and achievements. Hence some difficulty has been experienced in +obtaining, particularly from the old Regiments, an authentic account +of their origin and subsequent services. + +This defect will now be remedied, in consequence of His Majesty +having been pleased to command that every Regiment shall, in future, +keep a full and ample record of its services at home and abroad. + +From the materials thus collected, the country will henceforth +derive information as to the difficulties and privations which +chequer the career of those who embrace the military profession. In +Great Britain, where so large a number of persons are devoted to +the active concerns of agriculture, manufactures, and commerce, and +where these pursuits have, for so long a period, being undisturbed +by the _presence of war_, which few other countries have escaped, +comparatively little is known of the vicissitudes of active service +and of the casualties of climate, to which, even during peace, the +British Troops are exposed in every part of the globe, with little or +no interval of repose. + +In their tranquil enjoyment of the blessings which the country +derives from the industry and the enterprise of the agriculturist +and the trader, its happy inhabitants may be supposed not often to +reflect on the perilous duties of the soldier and the sailor,--on +their sufferings,--and on the sacrifice of valuable life, by which so +many national benefits are obtained and preserved. + +The conduct of the British Troops, their valour, and endurance, +have shone conspicuously under great and trying difficulties; and +their character has been established in Continental warfare by the +irresistible spirit with which they have effected debarkations in +spite of the most formidable opposition, and by the gallantry and +steadiness with which they have maintained their advantages against +superior numbers. + +In the official Reports made by the respective Commanders, ample +justice has generally been done to the gallant exertions of the +Corps employed; but the details of their services and of acts of +individual bravery can only be fully given in the Annals of the +various Regiments. + +These Records are now preparing for publication, under his Majesty's +special authority, by Mr. RICHARD CANNON, Principal Clerk of the +Adjutant General's Office; and while the perusal of them cannot fail +to be useful and interesting to military men of every rank, it is +considered that they will also afford entertainment and information +to the general reader, particularly to those who may have served in +the Army, or who have relatives in the Service. + +There exists in the breasts of most of those who have served, or +are serving, in the Army, an _Esprit de Corps_--an attachment to +everything belonging to their Regiment; to such persons a narrative +of the services of their own Corps cannot fail to prove interesting. +Authentic accounts of the actions of the great, the valiant, the +loyal, have always been of paramount interest with a brave and +civilized people. Great Britain has produced a race of heroes who, +in moments of danger and terror, have stood "firm as the rocks +of their native shore:" and when half the world has been arrayed +against them, they have fought the battles of their Country with +unshaken fortitude. It is presumed that a record of achievements in +war,--victories so complete and surprising, gained by our countrymen, +our brothers, our fellow citizens in arms,--a record which revives +the memory of the brave, and brings their gallant deeds before +us,--will certainly prove acceptable to the public. + +Biographical Memoirs of the Colonels and other distinguished Officers +will be introduced in the Records of their respective Regiments, +and the Honorary Distinctions which have, from time to time, been +conferred upon each Regiment, as testifying the value and importance +of its services, will be faithfully set forth. + +As a convenient mode of Publication, the Record of each Regiment will +be printed in a distinct number, so that when the whole shall be +completed, the Parts may be bound up in numerical succession. + + + + +INTRODUCTION + +TO + +THE INFANTRY. + + +The natives of Britain have, at all periods, been celebrated for +innate courage and unshaken firmness, and the national superiority +of the British troops over those of other countries has been evinced +in the midst of the most imminent perils. History contains so +many proofs of extraordinary acts of bravery, that no doubts can +be raised upon the facts which are recorded. It must therefore be +admitted, that the distinguishing feature of the British soldier is +INTREPIDITY. This quality was evinced by the inhabitants of England +when their country was invaded by Julius Cæsar with a Roman army, +on which occasion the undaunted Britons rushed into the sea to +attack the Roman soldiers as they descended from their ships; and, +although their discipline and arms were inferior to those of their +adversaries, yet their fierce and dauntless bearing intimidated the +flower of the Roman troops, including Cæsar's favourite tenth legion. +Their arms consisted of spears, short swords, and other weapons of +rude construction. They had chariots, to the axles of which were +fastened sharp pieces of iron resembling scythe-blades, and infantry +in long chariots resembling waggons, who alighted and fought on +foot, and for change of ground, pursuit or retreat, sprang into the +chariot and drove off with the speed of cavalry. These inventions +were, however, unavailing against Cæsar's legions: in the course +of time a military system, with discipline and subordination, was +introduced, and British courage, being thus regulated, was exerted to +the greatest advantage; a full development of the national character +followed, and it shone forth in all its native brilliancy. + +The military force of the Anglo Saxons consisted principally of +infantry: Thanes, and other men of property, however, fought on +horseback. The infantry were of two classes, heavy and light. The +former carried large shields armed with spikes, long broad swords and +spears; and the latter were armed with swords or spears only. They +had also men armed with clubs, others with battle-axes and javelins. + +The feudal troops established by William the Conqueror consisted (as +already stated in the Introduction to the Cavalry) almost entirely +of horse; but when the warlike barons and knights, with their trains +of tenants and vassals, took the field, a proportion of men appeared +on foot, and, although these were of inferior degree, they proved +stout-hearted Britons of stanch fidelity. When stipendiary troops +were employed, infantry always constituted a considerable portion of +the military force; and this _arme_ has since acquired, in every +quarter of the globe, a celebrity never exceeded by the armies of any +nation at any period. + +The weapons carried by the infantry, during the several reigns +succeeding the Conquest, were bows and arrows, half-pikes, lances, +halberds, various kinds of battle-axes, swords, and daggers. Armour +was worn on the head and body, and in course of time the practice +became general for military men to be so completely cased in steel, +that it was almost impossible to slay them. + +The introduction of the use of gunpowder in the destructive purposes +of war, in the early part of the fourteenth century, produced a +change in the arms and equipment of the infantry-soldier. Bows and +arrows gave place to various kinds of fire-arms, but British archers +continued formidable adversaries; and, owing to the inconvenient +construction and imperfect bore of the fire-arms when first +introduced, a body of men, well trained in the use of the bow from +their youth, was considered a valuable acquisition to every army, +even as late as the sixteenth century. + +During a great part of the reign of Queen Elizabeth each company +of infantry usually consisted of men armed five different ways; in +every hundred men forty were "_men-at-arms_," and sixty "_shot_;" the +"men-at-arms" were ten halberdiers, or battle-axe men, and thirty +pikemen; and the "shot" were twenty archers, twenty musketeers, and +twenty harquebusiers, and each man carried, besides his principal +weapon, a sword and dagger. + +Companies of infantry varied at this period in numbers from 150 +to 300 men; each company had a colour or ensign, and the mode of +formation recommended by an English military writer (Sir John Smithe) +in 1590 was:--the colour in the centre of the company guarded by the +halberdiers; the pikemen in equal proportions, on each flank of the +halberdiers; half the musketeers on each flank of the pikes; half +the archers on each flank of the musketeers, and the harquebusiers +(whose arms were much lighter than the muskets then in use) in equal +proportions on each flank of the company for skirmishing.[1] It +was customary to unite a number of companies into one body, called +a REGIMENT, which frequently amounted to three thousand men: but +each company continued to carry a colour. Numerous improvements +were eventually introduced in the construction of fire-arms, and, +it having been found impossible to make armour proof against the +muskets then in use (which carried a very heavy ball) without its +being too weighty for the soldier, armour was gradually laid aside by +the infantry in the seventeenth century: bows and arrows also fell +into disuse, and the infantry were reduced to two classes, viz.: +_musketeers_, armed with matchlock muskets, swords, and daggers; and +_pikemen_, armed with pikes from fourteen to eighteen feet long, and +swords. + +In the early part of the seventeenth century Gustavus Adolphus, King +of Sweden, reduced the strength of regiments to 1000 men. He caused +the gunpowder, which had heretofore been carried in flasks, or in +small wooden bandoliers, each containing a charge, to be made up +into cartridges, and carried in pouches; and he formed each regiment +into two wings of musketeers, and a centre division of pikemen. He +also adopted the practice of forming four regiments into a brigade; +and the number of colours was afterwards reduced to three in each +regiment. He formed his columns so compactly that his infantry could +resist the charge of the celebrated Polish horsemen and Austrian +cuirassiers; and his armies became the admiration of other nations. +His mode of formation was copied by the English, French, and other +European states; but so great was the prejudice in favour of ancient +customs, that all his improvements were not adopted until near a +century afterwards. + +In 1664 King Charles II. raised a corps for sea-service, styled the +Admiral's regiment. In 1678 each company of 100 men usually consisted +of 30 pikemen, 60 musketeers, and 10 men armed with light firelocks. +In this year the King added a company of men armed with hand grenades +to each of the old British regiments, which was designated the +"grenadier company." Daggers were so contrived as to fit in the +muzzles of the muskets, and bayonets similar to those at present in +use were adopted about twenty years afterwards. + +An Ordnance regiment was raised in 1685, by order of King James II., +to guard the artillery, and was designated the Royal Fusiliers (now +7th Foot). This corps, and the companies of grenadiers, did not carry +pikes. + +King William III. incorporated the Admiral's regiment in the second +Foot Guards, and raised two Marine regiments for sea-service. +During the war in this reign, each company of infantry (excepting +the fusiliers and grenadiers) consisted of 14 pikemen and 46 +musketeers; the captains carried pikes; lieutenants, partisans; +ensigns, half-pikes; and serjeants, halberds. After the peace in 1697 +the Marine regiments were disbanded, but were again formed on the +breaking out of the war in 1702.[2] + +During the reign of Queen Anne the pikes were laid aside, and every +infantry soldier was armed with a musket, bayonet, and sword; the +grenadiers ceased, about the same period, to carry hand grenades; +and the regiments were directed to lay aside their third colour: the +corps of Royal Artillery was first added to the Army in this reign. + +About the year 1745, the men of the battalion companies of infantry +ceased to carry swords; during the reign of George II. light +companies were added to infantry regiments; and in 1764 a Board of +General Officers recommended that the grenadiers should lay aside +their swords, as that weapon had never been used during the Seven +Years' War. Since that period the arms of the infantry soldier have +been limited to the musket and bayonet. + +The arms and equipment of the British Troops have seldom differed +materially, since the Conquest, from those of other European states; +and in some respects the arming has, at certain periods, been allowed +to be inferior to that of the nations with whom they have had to +contend; yet, under this disadvantage, the bravery and superiority of +the British infantry have been evinced on very many and most trying +occasions, and splendid victories have been gained over very superior +numbers. + +Great Britain has produced a race of lion-like champions who have +dared to confront a host of foes, and have proved themselves valiant +with any arms. At _Crecy_, King Edward III., at the head of about +30,000 men, defeated, on the 26th of August, 1346, Philip King of +France, whose army is said to have amounted to 100,000 men; here +British valour encountered veterans of renown:--the King of Bohemia, +the King of Majorca, and many princes and nobles were slain, and +the French army was routed and cut to pieces. Ten years afterwards, +Edward Prince of Wales, who was designated the Black Prince, +defeated, at _Poictiers_, with 14,000 men, a French army of 60,000 +horse, besides infantry, and took John I., King of France, and his +son Philip, prisoners. On the 25th of October, 1415, King Henry +V., with an army of about 13,000 men, although greatly exhausted by +marches, privations, and sickness, defeated, at _Agincourt_, the +Constable of France, at the head of the flower of the French nobility +and an army said to amount to 60,000 men, and gained a complete +victory. + +During the seventy years' war between the United Provinces of the +Netherlands and the Spanish monarchy, which commenced in 1578 and +terminated in 1648, the British infantry in the service of the +States-General were celebrated for their unconquerable spirit and +firmness;[3] and in the thirty years' war between the Protestant +Princes and the Emperor of Germany, the British Troops in the +service of Sweden and other states were celebrated for deeds of +heroism.[4] In the wars of Queen Anne, the fame of the British army +under the great MARLBOROUGH was spread throughout the world; and +if we glance at the achievements performed within the memory of +persons now living, there is abundant proof that the Britons of the +present age are not inferior to their ancestors in the qualities +which constitute good soldiers. Witness the deeds of the brave men, +of whom there are many now surviving, who fought in Egypt in 1801, +under the brave Abercromby, and compelled the French army, which had +been vainly styled _Invincible_, to evacuate that country; also the +services of the gallant Troops during the arduous campaigns in the +Peninsula, under the immortal WELLINGTON; and the determined stand +made by British Army at Waterloo, where Napoleon Bonaparte, who had +long been the inveterate enemy of Great Britain, and had sought and +planned her destruction by every means he could devise, was compelled +to leave his vanquished legions to their fate, and to place himself +at the disposal of the British Government These achievements, with +others of recent dates in the distant climes of India, prove that the +same valour and constancy which glowed in the breasts of the heroes +of Crecy, Poictiers, Agincourt, Blenheim, and Ramilies, continue to +animate the Britons of the nineteenth century. + +The British Soldier is distinguished for a robust and muscular +frame,--intrepidity which no danger can appal,--unconquerable +spirit and resolution,--patience in fatigue and privation, and +cheerful obedience to his superiors. These qualities, united with +an excellent system of order and discipline to regulate and give +a skilful direction to the energies and adventurous spirit of the +hero, and a wise selection of officers of superior talent to command, +whose presence inspires confidence,--have been the leading causes +of the splendid victories gained by the British arms.[5] The fame +of the deeds of the past and present generations in the various +battle-fields where the robust sons of Albion have fought and +conquered, surrounds the British arms with a halo of glory; these +achievements will live in the page of history to the end of time. + +The records of the several regiments will be found to contain a +detail of facts of an interesting character, connected with the +hardships, sufferings, and gallant exploits of British soldiers in +the various parts of the world, where the calls of their Country and +the commands of their Sovereign have required them to proceed in the +execution of their duty, whether in active continental operations, +or in maintaining colonial territories in distant and unfavourable +climes. + +The superiority of the British infantry has been pre-eminently set +forth in the wars of six centuries, and admitted by the greatest +commanders which Europe has produced. The formations and movements of +this _arme_, as at present practised, while they are adapted to every +species of warfare, and to all probable situations and circumstances +of service, are calculated to show forth the brilliancy of military +tactics calculated upon mathematical and scientific principles. +Although the movements and evolutions have been copied from the +continental armies, yet various improvements have from time to time +been introduced, to insure that simplicity and celerity by which the +superiority of the national military character is maintained. The +rank and influence which Great Britain has attained among the nations +of the world, have in a great measure been purchased by the valour +of the Army, and to persons who have the welfare of their country +at heart, the records of the several regiments cannot fail to prove +interesting. + + +FOOTNOTES: + +[1] A company of 200 men would appear thus:-- + + __| + | | + |__| + | + 20 20 20 30 2|0 30 20 20 20 + | + Harquebuses. Muskets. Halberds. Muskets. Harquebuses. + Archers. Pikes. Pikes. Archers. + +The musket carried a ball which weighed 1/10th of a pound; and the +harquebus a ball which weighed 1/25th of a pound. + +[2] The 30th, 31st, and 32nd Regiments were formed as Marine corps +in 1702, and were employed as such during the wars in the reign of +Queen Anne. The Marine corps were embarked in the Fleet under Admiral +Sir George Rooke, and were at the taking of Gibraltar, and in its +subsequent defence in 1704; they were afterwards employed at the +siege of Barcelona in 1705. + +[3] The brave Sir Roger Williams, in his Discourse on War, printed +in 1590, observes:--"I persuade myself ten thousand of our nation +would beat thirty thousand of theirs (the Spaniards) out of the +field, let them be chosen where they list." Yet at this time the +Spanish infantry was allowed to be the best disciplined in Europe. +For instances of valour displayed by the British Infantry during the +Seventy Years' War, see the Historical Record of the Third Foot, or +Buffs. + +[4] _Vide_ the Historical Record of the First, or Royal Regiment of +Foot. + +[5] "Under the blessing of Divine Providence, His Majesty ascribes +the successes which have attended the exertions of his troops in +Egypt to that determined bravery which is inherent in Britons; but +His Majesty desires it may be most solemnly and forcibly impressed +on the consideration of every part of the army, that it has been a +strict observance of order, discipline, and military system, which +has given the full energy to the native valour of the troops, and +has enabled them proudly to assert the superiority of the national +military character, in situations uncommonly arduous, and under +circumstances of peculiar difficulty."--_General Orders in 1801._ + +In the General Orders issued by Lieut.-General Sir John Hope +(afterwards Lord Hopetoun), congratulating the army upon the +successful result of the Battle of Corunna, on the 16th of January, +1809, it is stated:--"On no occasion has the undaunted valour of +British troops ever been more manifest. At the termination of a +severe and harassing march, rendered necessary by the superiority +which the enemy had acquired, and which had materially impaired the +efficiency of the troops, many disadvantages were to be encountered. +These have all been surmounted by the conduct of the troops +themselves; and the enemy has been taught, that whatever advantages +of position or of numbers he may possess, there is inherent in +the British officers and soldiers a bravery that knows not how to +yield,--that no circumstances can appal,--and that will ensure +victory, when it is to be obtained by the exertion of any human +means." + + + + + THE TWENTY-SECOND, + + OR + + THE CHESHIRE REGIMENT OF FOOT, + + BEARS ON THE REGIMENTAL COLOUR + + THE WORDS + + "SCINDE," "MEEANEE," AND "HYDERABAD," + + IN COMMEMORATION OF ITS DISTINGUISHED GALLANTRY + IN THE CAMPAIGN AGAINST THE AMEERS OF SCINDE, + DURING THE EARLY PART OF THE YEAR 1843; + + AND PARTICULARLY IN THE TWO DECISIVE BATTLES + + OF MEEANEE AND HYDERABAD, + + FOUGHT AT THOSE PLACES, RESPECTIVELY, + ON THE 17th OF FEBRUARY, AND ON THE 24th OF MARCH, 1843. + + + + +THE TWENTY-SECOND, + +OR + +THE CHESHIRE REGIMENT OF FOOT. + + + + +CONTENTS + +OF THE + +HISTORICAL RECORD. + + + YEAR PAGE + + INTRODUCTION. + + 1689 Formation of the Regiment 1 + + ---- Henry, Duke of Norfolk appointed to the Colonelcy - + + ---- Numbered the Twenty-Second Regiment - + + ---- Stationed at Chester - + + ---- Embarked for Ireland - + + ---- Engaged at the siege of Carrickfergus 2 + + ---- Marched to Dundalk, and thence to Armagh - + + ---- Sir Henry Bellasis, from the Sixth Regiment, + appointed to the Colonelcy, in succession to + the Duke of Norfolk - + + 1690 Engaged at the _Battle of the Boyne_ - + + ---- Reviewed by King William at _Finglass_ - + + ---- Advanced against Athlone - + + ---- Rejoined the Army - + + ---- Employed at the first siege of Limerick - + + ---- Proceeded into winter-quarters - + + ---- Engaged with the Rapparees - + + 1691 Proceeded with the Army against _Ballymore_ 3 + + 1691 Engaged in the Siege and Capture of _Athlone_ 3 + + ---- Engaged at the Battle of _Aghrim_ - + + ---- Engaged at the Capture of _Galway_ - + + ---- ------------------------ _Limerick_ 4 + + ---- Termination of the War in Ireland - + + 1695 Proceeded to join the Army in Flanders - + + 1696 Returned to England - + + 1697 Treaty of Peace concluded at _Ryswick_ - + + 1698 Re-embarked for Ireland 5 + + 1701 Appointment of Brigadier-General William + Selwyn, by exchange, from the Second Foot, + with Lieut.-General Sir Henry Bellasis - + + 1702 Accession of Queen Anne on the demise of King + William III - + + ---- Regiment embarked for Jamaica - + + ---- Promotion of Lieut.-Colonel Thomas Handasyd + to the Colonelcy, in succession to Major-General + Selwyn, deceased - + + 1705 Establishment augmented by two companies - + + 1712 Promotion of Lieut.-Colonel Roger Handasyd to + the Colonelcy, in succession to his Father, + Major-General Thomas Handasyd, retired 6 + + 1713 Treaty of Peace concluded at Utrecht - + + 1714 Regiment returned to England, leaving two + Independent Companies at Jamaica - + + 1715 Employed in recruiting its Establishment - + + 1718 Embarked for _Ireland_ - + + 1726 ------------ _Minorca_ - + + 1727 Detachment embarked for _Gibraltar_ to assist in + its Defence against the Spaniards - + + 1730 Appointment of Colonel William Barrel, from + the Twenty-Eighth Regiment, to the Colonelcy, + in succession to Colonel Roger Handasyd, + removed to the Sixteenth Regiment - + + 1734 Appointment of Colonel Hon. James St. Clair to + the Colonelcy, in succession to Colonel William + Barrell, removed to the Fourth Foot 7 + + 1737 Appointment of Major-General John Moyle, + from the Thirty-Sixth Regiment, to the Colonelcy, + in succession to Colonel Hon. James + St. Clair, removed to the First, or Royal Regiment + of Foot - + + 1738 Promotion of Colonel Thomas Paget to the + Colonelcy, in succession to Major-General + Moyle, deceased - + + 1741 Promotion of Lieut.-Colonel Richard O'Farrell, + from the Ninth Regiment, to the Colonelcy, in + succession to Colonel Paget, deceased - + + 1748 Treaty of Peace concluded at Aix-la-Chapelle - + + 1749 Regiment relieved at Minorca and proceeded to + Ireland - + + 1751 Royal Warrant, dated 1st July, issued for regulating + the Clothing, Colours, Numbers, + Facings, Badges, Mottos, and Distinctions of + the Regiments of Cavalry and Infantry - + + 1756 War declared against France - + + ---- Regiment embarked from Ireland for North America - + + 1757 Promotion of Lieut.-Colonel Edward Whitmore + from the Thirty-Sixth Regiment to the Colonelcy, + in succession to Major-General + O'Farrell, deceased 8 + + 1758 Engaged in the siege of _Louisburg_, and the + Capture of the Island of _Cape Breton_ - + + 1759 The Grenadier Company, incorporated with the + Louisburg Grenadiers,--Engaged at the Battle + of Quebec 9 + + 1760 Embarked from Louisburg, proceeded to + _Quebec_, and advanced to _Montreal_ - + + ---- Engaged in the conquest of the Canadas - + + 1761 Proceeded to New York, and embarked for the + _West Indies_ 9 + + ---- Engaged in the capture of the Island of _Dominica_ 10 + + 1762 Engaged in the Capture of _Martinique_, _Grenada_, + _St. Lucia_, and _St. Vincent_ -- + + ---- Embarked with the expedition against the + _Havannah_ -- + + ---- Storming and Capture of _Fort Moro_ 11 + + ---- Appointment of Major-General Honorable + Thomas Gage to the Colonelcy, in succession + to Major-General Whitmore, drowned at sea -- + + 1763 Treaty of Peace concluded at Fontainebleau -- + + ---- The Havannah restored to Spain, in exchange + for the Province of Florida, in South America -- + + ---- Regiment proceeded to West Florida -- + + 1765 Embarked for Great Britain -- + + 1773 Proceeded to Ireland -- + + 1775 Embarked for North America 12 + + ---- Engaged at the Battle of Bunker's Hill -- + + 1776 Quitted Boston, and proceeded to Nova Scotia -- + + ---- Embarked for Staten Island, near New York -- + + ---- Landed on Long Island, and engaged with the + Americans at Brooklyn -- + + ---- Gained possession of New York, captured Fort + Washington, and reduced part of the Jerseys 13 + + ---- Detached with other Corps and captured Rhode + Island -- + + 1778 The King of France having united with the + Americans, made preparations for the re-capture + of Rhode Island, but was compelled + to abandon the siege 14 + + 1779 The British Commander-in-Chief resolved to + vacate Rhode Island; the Regiment proceeded + to New York 15 + + 1782 Appointment of Major-General Charles O'Hara to the + Colonelcy, in succession to General the Honorable + Thomas Gage, removed to the Seventeenth Light Dragoons 15 + + ---- Regiment received instructions to assume the title of + _the Twenty-Second_, or _the Cheshire Regiment_ -- + + 1783 The American War having terminated, the regiment + embarked for England -- + + 1785 Regiment stationed at Windsor and furnished the Guards + at the Castle -- + + ---- King George the III. authorized an _Order of Merit_ to + be instituted in the corps -- + + 1787 Proceeded to Jersey and Guernsey, and thence to + Portsmouth 16 + + 1788 Proceeded to Chatham and Dover -- + + 1790 Embarked for Ireland -- + + 1791 Appointment of Major-General David Dundas to the + Colonelcy, in succession to Major-General O'Hara, + removed to the Seventy-Fourth Highlanders 17 + + 1793 War commenced between Great Britain and France -- + + ---- Regiment embarked for the West Indies -- + + 1794 Capture of the Island of Martinique -- + + ---- ---- ---- St. Lucia -- + + ---- ---- ---- Guadaloupe -- + + ---- ---- ---- St. Domingo -- + + 1795 Returned to England from St. Domingo 18 + + ---- Appointment of Major-General William Crosbie, from the + Eighty-Ninth Regiment, to the Colonelcy, in succession + to Lieut.-General Dundas, removed to the Seventh Light + Dragoons -- + + 1798 Proceeded to Guernsey -- + + 1798 Appointment of Major-General John G. Simcoe, from the + Eighty-First Regiment, to the Colonelcy, in succession + to Major-General Crosbie, deceased 18 + + 1799 Removed to Portsmouth 19 + + ---- Authorized to enlist boys or lads with a view to being + sent to the Cape of Good Hope, preparatory to being + embarked for service in the East Indies -- + + 1800 Embarked for the Cape of Good Hope -- + + 1802 Proceeded to India 20 + + 1803 Arrival at Calcutta -- + + ---- The flank companies embarked, and joined the field force + assembled for the attack of the province of Cuttack -- + + ---- Flank Companies engaged at the Capture of the fort of + Barrabatta by storm -- + + 1804 Joined the army under Lord Lake and engaged in the siege + of Bhurtpore 21 + + 1805 Marched from _Fort William_ and encamped at _Benares_, + thence proceeded to _Cawnpore_ -- + + ---- Siege of Bhurtpore continued, and the Flank Companies + distinguished themselves in three unsuccessful attacks -- + + ---- _Rajah Sing_ submitted and concluded a treaty of peace 22 + + ---- British army withdrew from Bhurtpore -- + + ---- The Flank Companies rejoined the regiment at Cawnpore -- + + ---- _Holkar_ and _Scindia_ concluded Treaties of Peace -- + + 1806 Marched from the banks of the Sutlej to _Delhi_ -- + + ---- Removed to Muttra, and received the thanks of the + Governor-General in Council and of General Lord Lake, + Commander-in-Chief, for its conduct during the war -- + + 1806 Appointment of Lieut.-General Sir James Henry Craig, + K. B., in succession to General Simcoe, deceased 22 + + 1807 Proceeded to Berhampore -- + + 1809 Appointment of Major-General the Honorable Edward Finch + to the Colonelcy, in succession to General Sir James + Henry Craig, removed to the Seventy-eighth Highlanders -- + + 1810 Embarked at Fort William, and formed part of the + expedition against the Mauritius -- + + ---- Engaged in the capture of the Mauritius 23 + + 1811 Detachment employed at Tamatave in the Island of + Madagascar -- + + 1812 Proceeded to Bourbon -- + + 1813 Removed a second time to the Mauritius -- + + 1814 A second Battalion added to the establishment of the + regiment, which was reduced in the same year -- + + 1815 The Flank Companies rejoined the regiment at the + Mauritius from Hindoostan 24 + + 1819 Embarked for England from the Mauritius -- + + ---- Landed at Gosport and marched to Northampton 25 + + 1821 Marched to Liverpool and embarked for Ireland -- + + 1822 Detachment proceeded against a body of armed men + assembled at Newmarket in county of Cork. The officers + commanding this detachment received the thanks of + H. R. H. the Duke of York, and were presented with a + silver cup by the gentlemen and inhabitants of the + Town of Newmarket, for attacking and defeating this + body of insurgents -- + + 1826 Formed into six Service and four Depôt Companies + preparatory to embarkation for foreign service 26 + + ---- Service Companies embarked for Jamaica -- + + 1830 Depôt Companies embarked for England 27 + + 1831 Service Companies employed in suppressing an + insurrection among the slaves in Jamaica -- + + 1836 Depôt Companies embarked for Ireland -- + + 1837 Service Companies embarked from Jamaica for Ireland, + and rejoined by the Depôt Companies -- + + 1840 Embarked from Ireland for England -- + + 1841 Embarked for Bombay and proceeded to Poonah 28 + + 1842 Proceeded to _Scinde_, and encamped at Kurrachee -- + + 1843 Employed in the destruction of the Fort of _Emaum Ghur_ -- + + ---- The march through the Desert to Emaum Ghur, as described + by Major-General William E. P. Napier 29 + + ---- The troops returned triumphant to Peer-Abu-Bekr 30 + + ---- Treaty of Peace with the Ameers of Scinde -- + + ---- Treacherous attack upon the British residency at + _Hyderabad_, and gallant defence made by the _Light + Company_ of the _Twenty-Second_ regiment -- + + ---- Light Company joined the army under Major-General Sir + Charles Napier 31 + + ---- Battle of Meeanee -- + + ---- Surrender of six Ameers on the field of battle -- + + ---- British Colours planted on the Fortress of Hyderabad 32 + + ---- Details of the defeat of the Beloochees at Meeanee -- + + ---- Gallant conduct of the Twenty-Second regiment 34 + + ---- Threatened attack by Mere Shere Mahomed 36 + + ---- Battle of Hyderabad -- + + ---- Flight of Mere Shere Mahomed to the desert 37 + + ---- Particulars of the march of the British troops through + the desert -- + + 1843 Honors and distinctions conferred by Queen Victoria, and + by the British Parliament, on the Twenty-second + regiment for its conduct in the Campaign of Scinde 38 + + ---- Address of Major-General Sir Charles Napier to the troops + in distributing the medals conferred on them for their + gallantry in this campaign 40 + + ---- Marched from Hyderabad to Kurrachee 42 + + ---- Directed to proceed to Bombay, and Major-General Sir + Charles Napier's order on the occasion 43 + + ---- Embarked for Bombay -- + + ---- Honorable reception of the Regiment at Bombay -- + + ---- Appointment of Major-General Sir Charles Napier to the + Colonelcy, in succession to General Honorable E. Finch, + deceased 44 + + 1844 Employed on field-service in the Kolapore districts -- + + ---- Capture of Forts _Punalla_ and _Pownghur_ -- + + ---- Operations in the Sawunt-Warree district 45 + + ---- Investments of the Forts of Monuhurr and Monsentosh -- + + 1845 Capture of the village of Seevapore and other Forts -- + + ---- Returned to Poonah -- + + 1846 Marched to Bombay 46 + + 1847 Removed to Poonah -- + + 1849 Proceeded to Bombay -- + + ---- Conclusion -- + + + Description of the Standards captured at the battles of + Meeanee and Hyderabad, and of the Medal conferred in + honor of the victories obtained at those places 47 + + + + +SUCCESSION OF COLONELS + +OF + +THE TWENTY-SECOND, + +OR + +THE CHESHIRE REGIMENT OF FOOT. + + + YEAR PAGE + + 1689 Henry Duke of Norfolk 48 + + ---- Sir Henry Bellasis, Kt. 49 + + 1701 William Selwyn 51 + + 1702 Thomas Handasyd -- + + 1712 Roger Handasyd 52 + + 1730 William Barrell -- + + 1734 _Hon._ James St. Clair -- + + 1737 John Moyle 53 + + 1738 Thomas Paget 54 + + 1741 Richard O'Farrell -- + + 1757 Edward Whitmore -- + + 1762 _Hon._ Thomas Gage 55 + + 1782 Charles O'Hara 56 + + 1791 David Dundas 57 + + 1795 William Crosbie 59 + + 1798 John Graves Simcoe 60 + + 1806 Sir James Henry Craig, K.B. 61 + + 1809 _Hon._ Edward Finch 62 + + 1843 Sir Charles James Napier, G.C.B. 63 + + +PLATES. + + Colours of the Regiment _to face_ 1 + + Costume of the Regiment 32 + + Engraving of the Beloochee Standard captured at the + Battle of Meeanee in 1843; and of the Silver + Medal conferred on the Officers and Men engaged + in the Battles of Meeanee and Hyderabad 47 + + +[Illustration: TWENTY-SECOND REGIMENT. + +QUEEN'S COLOUR. + +REGIMENTAL COLOUR. + +FOR CANNON'S MILITARY RECORDS. + +_Madeley lith. 3 Wellington S^t. Strand_] + + + + +HISTORICAL RECORD + +OF + +THE TWENTY-SECOND, + +OR + +THE CHESHIRE REGIMENT OF FOOT. + + +[Sidenote: 1689] + +The accession of King William III. and Queen Mary, in February, +1689, was welcomed in England with anticipations of security to the +civil and religious institutions of the country, and of prosperity +in every branch of national industry; but in Ireland the majority +of the people adhered to the interests of the Stuart dynasty, and a +body of troops was raised in England, for the deliverance of that +country from the power of King James, who had landed there with +an armament from France. On this occasion HENRY, DUKE OF NORFOLK, +evinced zeal for the principles of the Revolution, and raised a +regiment of pikemen and musketeers, to which a company of grenadiers +was attached; and the corps raised under the auspices of his Grace +now bears the title of the TWENTY-SECOND, or the CHESHIRE REGIMENT OF +FOOT. + +Having been speedily completed in numbers, equipped, and disciplined, +the regiment was encamped near Chester in the early part of August, +and soon afterwards embarked for Ireland, with the forces commanded +by Marshal Duke Schomberg. On landing in Ireland, the siege of +_Carrickfergus_ was commenced, and the garrison of that fortress was +forced to surrender in a few days. + +From Carrickfergus, the regiment marched with the army to Dundalk, +where the troops were encamped on low and wet ground, and suffered +much in their health. + +While the regiment was encamped at Dundalk, the Duke of Norfolk was +succeeded in the colonelcy by Sir Henry Bellasis, who had commanded +the Sixth regiment of foot when it was in the Dutch service. + +On the 7th of November the regiment commenced its march from Dundalk +for Armagh, for winter-quarters. + +[Sidenote: 1690] + +In the summer of 1690, the regiment had the honour to serve at the +battle of the _Boyne_, under the eye of its Sovereign, who commanded +the army in Ireland in person; and on this occasion it took part in +forcing the passage of the river, and in gaining a decisive victory +over the army of King James on the 1st of July. + +Advancing from the field of battle towards Dublin, the regiment +was reviewed by King William at Finglass, on the 8th of July, and +mustered six hundred and twenty-eight rank and file under arms. +It was afterwards detached, under Lieut.-General Douglas, against +Athlone; but that fortress was found better provided for a siege than +had been expected, and the regiment rejoined the army. + +The TWENTY-SECOND was one of the corps employed at the siege of +_Limerick_. Many things combined to prevent the capture of that +fortress until the following year, and when the siege was raised, +the regiment proceeded into winter-quarters, from whence it sent +out detachments, which had several rencounters with bands of armed +peasantry, called Rapparees. + +[Sidenote: 1691] + +On the 6th of June, 1691, the regiment joined the army commanded by +Lieut.-General De Ghinkel (afterwards Earl of Athlone) on its march +for _Ballymore_, which fortress was speedily forced to surrender. + +From Ballymore, the regiment marched to _Athlone_, and had the honour +to take part in the siege of that fortress, which was captured by +storm on the 1st of July. The grenadier company of the regiment +formed part of the storming party, which forded the river Shannon +under a heavy fire, and carried the works with great gallantry. The +capture of Athlone is one of the many splendid achievements which +have exalted the reputation of the British arms, and its reduction +proved a presage of additional triumphs. + +Astonished and confounded by the capture of Athlone, General St. Ruth +retreated, with the French and Irish army under his orders, to a +position at _Aghrim_, where he was attacked on the 12th of July. On +this occasion, the regiment formed part of the brigade commanded by +its Colonel, Brigadier-General Sir Henry Bellasis, and it contributed +towards the complete overthrow of the army of King James, which was +driven from the field with severe loss, including its commander, +General St. Ruth, who was killed by a cannon-ball. + +The regiment had one Ensign and two private soldiers killed; one +Major, and twenty-three soldiers wounded. + +On the 19th of July the army approached _Galway_; after sunset six +regiments of foot and four squadrons of horse and dragoons passed the +river by pontoons, and on the following morning they captured some +outworks. On the 21st the garrison surrendered. Brigadier-General +Sir Henry Bellasis was nominated Governor of Galway, and he took +possession of the town with the TWENTY-SECOND and two other regiments +of foot. + +The surrender of Galway was followed by the siege and capitulation +of _Limerick_, which city was surrendered in September, and completed +the deliverance of Ireland from the power of King James. + +[Sidenote: 1692] + +[Sidenote: 1695] + +After the reduction of Ireland, the regiment was employed in garrison +and other duties of home-service, until 1695, when it proceeded to +the Netherlands, to reinforce the army commanded by King William +III., who was engaged in war for the preservation of the liberties of +Europe against the power of Louis XIV. of France. After landing at +Ostend, the regiment was placed in garrison. + +[Sidenote: 1696] + +Some advantages had been gained over the French arms; to counteract +which, Louis XIV. attempted to weaken the confederates by forming +plans for causing England to become the theatre of civil war. With +this view the Duke of Berwick and several other officers in the +French service were sent to England in disguise, to instigate the +adherents of King James to take arms; a plot was also formed for +the assassination of King William, and a French army marched to +the coast to be in readiness to embark for England. Under these +circumstances the TWENTY-SECOND regiment and a number of other corps +were ordered to return to England, where they arrived in March, 1696, +and the TWENTY-SECOND landed at Gravesend. The conspirators for the +assassination of King William were discovered; several persons were +apprehended, the British fleet was sent to blockade the French ports, +and the designs of Louis XIV. were frustrated. + +[Sidenote: 1697] + +In the following year a treaty of peace was concluded at Ryswick, +and the British Monarch saw his efforts for the civil and religious +liberties of Europe attended with success. + +[Sidenote: 1698] + +[Sidenote: 1700] + +The TWENTY-SECOND regiment was afterwards sent to Ireland, where it +was stationed during the remainder of the reign of King William III. + +[Sidenote: 1701] + +On the 28th of June, 1701, the colonelcy of the regiment was +conferred on Brigadier-General William Selwyn, in succession to +Lieut.-General Sir Henry Bellasis, who was removed to the Second +foot, then styled the Queen Dowager's regiment. + +[Sidenote: 1702] + +King William died in March, 1702, and was succeeded by Queen +Anne, who declared war against France. Brigadier-General Selwyn +was nominated Governor of Jamaica, and promoted to the rank of +Major-General on the 10th of June, 1702. The TWENTY-SECOND regiment +was ordered to proceed to Jamaica, and several other corps also +embarked for stations in the West Indies: the British government +designing to make a general attack on the possessions of France and +Spain in South America. + +Major-General Selwyn died at Jamaica, and was succeeded in the +colonelcy of the regiment by the Lieut.-Colonel, Thomas Handasyd, by +commission dated the 20th of June, 1702. + +[Sidenote: 1703] + +A considerable body of troops arrived in the West Indies in 1703: but +they were afterwards recalled to take part in the war in Europe. The +TWENTY-SECOND regiment was left at the island of Jamaica, and during +the reign of Queen Anne the regiment was employed in protecting +Jamaica, and the other British settlements in the West Indies, which +important duty it performed with reputation. + +[Sidenote: 1704] + +[Sidenote: 1705] + +While employed on this duty, the regiment received drafts from +several other corps, and in 1705 an augmentation of two companies was +made to its establishment. + +[Sidenote: 1712] + +Colonel Handasyd was promoted to the rank of Brigadier-General in +December, 1705, and to that of Major-General in January, 1710. In +1712 he retired from the colonelcy, resigning his commission in +favour of his son, Lieut.-Colonel Roger Handasyd, of the regiment. + +[Sidenote: 1713] + +[Sidenote: 1714] + +In the following year the treaty of Utrecht gave peace to Europe; +and on the 31st of May, 1711, an order was issued for the men of the +regiment fit for duty to be formed into two independent companies for +service at Jamaica: the officers and staff returning to Europe to +recruit. + +The two independent companies thus formed from the TWENTY-SECOND +were the nucleus of the FORTY-NINTH regiment, which was formed of +independent companies at Jamaica in 1743. + +[Sidenote: 1715] + +[Sidenote: 1718] + +The officers and the serjeants not required for the independent +companies, having arrived in England, were actively employed in +recruiting in 1715; and in 1718 the regiment proceeded to Ireland. + +[Sidenote: 1719] + +[Sidenote: 1726] + +The regiment was stationed in Ireland during the eight years from +1719 to 1726, and in the spring of the last-mentioned year, it +proceeded to the island of Minorca, which had been captured by the +English, in 1708, and was ceded to Great Britain by the treaty of +Utrecht in 1713, together with the fortress of Gibraltar. + +[Sidenote: 1727] + +In the beginning of 1727, the Spaniards besieged _Gibraltar_, and a +detachment of the regiment, being sent to reinforce the garrison, had +the honor to take part in the successful defence of that important +fortress. When the Spaniards raised the siege, the detachment +rejoined the regiment at Minorca. + +[Sidenote: 1730] + +Colonel Handasyd commanded the regiment with reputation until 1730, +when he was removed to the Sixteenth foot, and was succeeded by +Brigadier-General William Barrell, from the Twenty-eighth regiment. + +[Sidenote: 1734] + +Brigadier-General Barrell was removed to the Fourth foot in 1734, +when King George II. conferred the colonelcy of the TWENTY-SECOND +regiment on Colonel the Honorable James St. Clair, from Major in the +First foot-guards. + +[Sidenote: 1737] + +On the 27th of June, 1737, Colonel the Honorable James St. Clair was +removed to the First, the Royal regiment of foot, and his Majesty +nominated Major-General John Moyle, from the Thirty-sixth, to the +colonelcy of the TWENTY-SECOND regiment. + +[Sidenote: 1738] + +Major-General Moyle died on the 3rd of November, 1738, and the +colonelcy was afterwards conferred on Colonel Thomas Paget, from the +Thirty-second regiment. + +[Sidenote: 1739] + +[Sidenote: 1741] + +In 1739 Colonel Paget was promoted to the rank of brigadier-general. +He died on the 28th of May, 1741, and was succeeded in the colonelcy +of the regiment by Lieut.-Colonel Richard O'Farrell, from the Ninth +foot. + +[Sidenote: 1748] + +[Sidenote: 1749] + +The TWENTY-SECOND regiment was employed in the protection of the +island of Minorca, during the whole of the War of the Austrian +Succession, and, peace having been concluded, it was relieved from +that duty in 1749, and proceeded to Ireland. + +[Sidenote: 1751] + +In the Royal Warrant for regulating the uniform and distinctions of +the several regiments of the army, dated the 1st of July, 1751, the +facings of the TWENTY-SECOND regiment were directed to be of _pale +buff_. The First, or King's colour, was the Great Union; the Second, +or Regimental colour, was of pale buff silk, with the Union in the +upper canton; in the centre of the colour, the Number of the Rank of +the regiment, in gold Roman characters, within a wreath of roses and +thistles on the same stalk. + +[Sidenote: 1755] + +[Sidenote: 1756] + +The peace of Aix-la-Chapelle was interrupted in 1755 by the +aggressions of the French on the British territory in North America; +and on the 18th of May, 1756, war was declared against France; in the +same year the TWENTY-SECOND regiment embarked from Ireland for North +America. + +[Sidenote: 1757] + +In 1757 the regiment was formed in brigade with the Forty-third, +Forty-eighth, and fourth battalion of the Sixtieth, under +Major-General Lord Charles Hay, with the view of being employed in +the attack of _Louisburg_, the capital of the French island of _Cape +Breton_, situate in the Gulf of St. Lawrence; but the expedition was +deferred until the following year, and the regiment was stationed in +Nova Scotia during the winter. Major-General O'Farrell died in the +summer of this year, and the colonelcy of the regiment was conferred +on Brigadier-General Edward Whitmore, from the lieut.-colonelcy of +the Thirty-sixth regiment. + +[Sidenote: 1758] + +Embarking from Halifax, in May, 1758, under the command of +Lieut.-Colonel Andrew Lord Rollo, the regiment proceeded with the +expedition commanded by Lieut.-General (afterwards Lord) Amherst, +and a landing was effected on the island of Cape Breton, on the +8th of June, when the British troops evinced great gallantry. The +TWENTY-SECOND had Lieutenants Pierce Butler, John Jermyn, and William +Hamilton wounded; also several private soldiers killed and wounded.[6] + +The siege of _Louisburg_, the capital of the island, was afterwards +commenced; and in carrying on the approaches the troops underwent +great fatigue with cheerful alacrity. By their perseverance, and +the co-operation of the fleet, the town was taken in July, and two +other islands in the Gulf were surrendered. The troops received the +thanks of Parliament, and the approbation of the Sovereign, for their +conduct on this occasion. + +[Sidenote: 1759] + +During the year 1759 the TWENTY-SECOND regiment was stationed at +Louisburg. Major-General James Wolfe proceeded up the river St. +Lawrence, with a small armament,[7] and Quebec was captured; but the +nation sustained the loss of Major-General Wolfe, who was killed in +the battle on the heights of Abraham, in front of Quebec, on the 13th +of September, 1759. + +[Sidenote: 1760] + +In the spring of 1760 the TWENTY-SECOND and Fortieth regiments +proceeded from Louisburg, under Colonel Lord Rollo, of the +TWENTY-SECOND, up the river St. Lawrence, to Quebec, from whence they +advanced upon _Montreal_, with the troops under Brigadier-General +the Honorable James Murray. The French possessions in Canada were +invaded at three points, and the Governor concentrated his forces at +Montreal; but he was unable to withstand the valour and discipline of +British troops, commanded by officers of talent and experience; he +therefore surrendered Montreal, and with it all Canada, the French +battalions becoming prisoners of war. The TWENTY-SECOND had thus the +honor of taking part in the conquest of the two fine provinces of +Upper and Lower Canada, which have since continued to form part of +the possessions of the British Crown. + +[Sidenote: 1761] + +After the conquest of Canada, the TWENTY-SECOND were removed to +Albany, from whence they proceeded to New York, in April, 1761, and +afterwards embarked, under Lord Rollo, for the West Indies. + +The island of _Dominica_ had been declared neutral; but it was found +to be so much under the influence of France, and proved a refuge +to so many privateers of that nation, that the British government +resolved to take possession of it. The TWENTY-SECOND, and other corps +under Lord Rollo, landed on the island on the 6th of June, under +cover of the fire of the men-of-war, and drove the enemy from his +batteries: the grenadiers of the TWENTY-SECOND regiment distinguished +themselves on this occasion. In two days the island was reduced to +submission with little loss. + +[Sidenote: 1762] + +From Dominica the TWENTY-SECOND proceeded to Carlisle Bay, Barbadoes, +and joined the troops assembled at that place under the orders of +Major-General the Honorable Robert Monckton, for the attack of the +French island of _Martinique_. After several attempts on other parts +of the island, a landing was effected in Cas des Navières Bay, on the +16th of January, 1762; the works on the heights of _Morne Tortenson_ +were captured on the 24th of that month; _Morne Garnier_ was carried +on the 27th; and the citadel of _Fort Royal_ surrendered on the 4th +of February. These successes were followed by the surrender of the +opulent city of St. Pierre, and the submission of the whole island +to the British Crown. The Commander of the expedition stated in his +despatch--"I cannot find words to render that ample justice which is +due to the valor of his Majesty's troops which I have had the honor +to command. The difficulties they had to encounter in the attack of +an enemy possessed of every advantage of art and nature were great; +and their perseverance in surmounting these obstacles, furnishes a +noble example of British spirit." + +The capture of Martinique was followed by that of _Grenada_, _St. +Lucia_, and _St. Vincent_; and the acquisition of these islands +gave additional honor to the expedition of which the TWENTY-SECOND +regiment formed part. + +Additional forces arrived in the West Indies, and the TWENTY-SECOND +regiment, mustering six hundred and two rank and file, under +the command of Major Loftus, joined the expedition commanded by +General the Earl of Albemarle, for the reduction of the wealthy and +important Spanish city of the _Havannah_, in the island of Cuba The +TWENTY-SECOND, Fortieth, Seventy-second, and five companies of the +Ninetieth, were formed in brigade under Brigadier-General Lord Rollo. + +Proceeding through the Straits of Bahama, the armament arrived +within six leagues of the Havannah on the 6th of June. A landing +was effected on the following day, and the _Moro_ fort, being the +key-position of the extensive works which covered the town, was +besieged. This proved an undertaking of great difficulty; but every +obstacle was overcome by the spirited efforts of the land and sea +forces, and the fort was captured by storm on the 30th of July. An +extensive series of batteries was prepared, and opened, on the 11th +of August, so well-directed a fire on the works which protected the +town, that the guns of the garrison were soon silenced, and the +important city of the Havannah was surrendered to the British arms. +Nine Spanish men-of-war were delivered up; two were found upon the +stocks; and three sunk at the entrance of the harbour. + +In March of this year Major-General Whitmore, who was drowned at +sea, was succeeded in the colonelcy by Major-General the Honorable +Thomas Gage, from the Eightieth regiment, a provincial corps which +was raised in 1758, and disbanded after the treaty of Fontainebleau. + +[Sidenote: 1763] + +At the peace of Fontainebleau the _Havannah_ was restored to Spain, +in exchange for the province of Florida, on the continent of America; +and in 1763 the TWENTY-SECOND regiment proceeded to _West Florida_. + +[Sidenote: 1764] + +[Sidenote: 1765] + +The regiment was stationed in Florida during the year 1764, and in +1765 it was relieved from duty in that province, and embarked for +Great Britain. + +[Sidenote: 1766] + +[Sidenote: 1770] + +[Sidenote: 1772] + +[Sidenote: 1773] + +From 1766 to 1769 the regiment was employed at various stations in +England; during the years 1770, 1771, and 1772, it performed duty in +Scotland; and in 1773 it proceeded to Ireland. + +[Sidenote: 1775] + +While the TWENTY-SECOND were stationed in Ireland the +misunderstanding between the English government and the British +provinces in North America, on the subject of taxation, was followed +by hostilities. The regiment embarked from Ireland for North America +in 1775, and joined the troops at Boston under General Gage. + +During the night of the 16th of June the Americans commenced +fortifying the heights on the peninsula of Charlestown, called +_Bunker's Hill_; and on the following day they were attacked by the +flank companies of the British corps, and by a few regiments, and +driven from their works. The TWENTY-SECOND lost their commanding +officer, Lieut.-Colonel James Abercromby, who died of his wounds. He +was succeeded by Major James Campbell. + +[Sidenote: 1776] + +General Sir William Howe assumed the command of the British troops in +North America, on General Gage returning to England in October, 1775; +in March, 1776, Boston was vacated, when the TWENTY-SECOND proceeded +to Nova Scotia. + +From Nova Scotia, the regiment sailed with the expedition to Staten +Island, near New York; and, additional troops having arrived from +Europe, it was formed in brigade with the Forty-third, Fifty-fourth, +and Sixty-third, under Brigadier-General Francis Smith. + +A landing was effected on _Long Island_ on the 22nd of August; and +on the 27th of that month the TWENTY-SECOND were engaged in driving +the Americans from their positions at _Flat Bush_ to their fortified +lines at _Brooklyn_. The flank companies had several men killed and +wounded on this occasion; the loss of the battalion companies was +limited to two men. + +The Americans abandoned their lines at Brooklyn, and passed the +river to New York. They were followed by the British, who gained +possession of New York, captured Fort Washington, and reduced a great +part of the Jerseys. + +During the winter the regiment was detached, with several other +corps, under Lieut.-Generals Clinton and Earl Percy, against _Rhode +Island_. The regiment embarked on this service in the beginning of +December, and a landing being effected at daybreak on the 9th of that +month, the island was speedily reduced to submission. + +[Sidenote: 1777] + +During the year 1777 the regiment was stationed in Rhode Island. +On the 10th of July the American Colonel, Barton, arrived at Rhode +Island with a few active men, surprised Major-General Richard +Prescott in his quarters, and conveyed him from the island a prisoner. + +[Sidenote: 1778] + +In May, 1778, it was ascertained that Major-General Sullivan had +taken the command of the American troops at Providence, with the +view of making a descent on Rhode Island; and on the night of the +24th of May the battalion companies of the TWENTY-SECOND, the flank +companies of the Fifty-fourth, and a company of Hessians, embarked +under Lieut.-Colonel Campbell of the TWENTY-SECOND, to attack the +enemy's quarters. After landing three miles below _Warren_, early +on the following morning, a detachment under Captain Seir of the +TWENTY-SECOND destroyed a battery at Papasquash Point, making a +Captain and six American artillery men prisoners. Another detachment +destroyed a number of boats, a galley of six twelve pounders, and two +sloops, in the Kickamuct River. The party then marched to Warren, +destroyed a park of artillery, a quantity of stores, and a privateer +sloop. Afterwards proceeding to Bristol, a further quantity of stores +was destroyed. The Americans assembled in great numbers, and fired on +the British from a great distance, but did little injury. Lieutenant +HAMILTON of the TWENTY-SECOND, eight British, and four Hessian +soldiers were wounded. + +On the 30th of May another detachment, under Major Eyre of the +Fifty-fourth, made a successful incursion to a creek near Taunton +River, and inflicted a severe loss on the Americans. + +The King of France having united with the Americans, a French +armament arrived off the coast, and formidable preparations were +made for the re-capture of Rhode Island. The French fleet, however, +sustained some severe losses from a storm, and from the English +navy. A numerous American force under Major-General Sullivan landed +at Howland's Ferry, on the 9th of August, and commenced the siege +of _Newport_, in defence of which place the TWENTY-SECOND were +employed. The place being defended with great resolution, and +the Americans being disappointed of aid from the French fleet, +they raised the siege, and retired on the 29th of August. The +TWENTY-SECOND, Forty-third, and flank companies of the Thirty-eighth +and Fifty-fourth regiments, marched under Brigadier-General Smith, by +the east road, to intercept the retreating enemy. A stand was made +by the Americans, and some sharp fighting occurred, in which the +TWENTY-SECOND, under Lieut.-Colonel Campbell, highly distinguished +themselves. The Americans were driven from _Quakers' Hill_, when they +fell back to their works at the north end of the island, from which +they afterwards withdrew. Major-General Pigot stated in his public +despatch,--"To these particulars I am, in justice, obliged to add +Brigadier-General Smith's report, who, amidst the general tribute +due to the good conduct of every individual under his command, +has particularly distinguished Lieut.-Colonel CAMPBELL and the +TWENTY-SECOND regiment, on whom, by their position, the greatest +weight of the action fell." The regiment had eleven rank and file +killed; Lieutenant Cleghorn, Ensigns Bareland, Proctor, and Adam, two +serjeants, and forty-eight rank and file wounded; one man missing. + +[Sidenote: 1779] + +The British Commander-in-Chief in North America, Lieut.-General Sir +Henry Clinton, having resolved to vacate Rhode Island, the regiment +embarked from thence on the 25th of October, 1779, and proceeded to +New York, where it arrived on the 27th of that month. + +[Sidenote: 1780] + +During the remainder of the American War the regiment was stationed +at New York and the posts in advance of that city. + +[Sidenote: 1782] + +General the Honorable Thomas Gage was removed to the Seventeenth +Light Dragoons in April, 1782, and King George III. conferred the +colonelcy of the TWENTY-SECOND regiment on Major-General Charles +O'Hara, from captain and lieut.-colonel in the Second foot-guards. + +A letter, dated the 31st of August, 1782, conveyed to the +regiment His Majesty's pleasure that it should be designated the +TWENTY-SECOND, or the CHESHIRE regiment, in order that a connexion +between the corps and that county should be cultivated, with the view +of promoting the success of the recruiting service. + +[Sidenote: 1783] + +The American War having terminated, the regiment returned to Europe +in 1783 and was stationed in South Britain. + +[Sidenote: 1785] + +In 1785, while the regiment was stationed at Windsor, under the +command of Lieut.-Colonel Crosbie, and furnished the usual guard +at the Castle, where his Majesty resided, an "ORDER OF MERIT" was +instituted in the corps, with the view of promoting good order and +discipline,--the field-officers, captains, and adjutant for the time +being, to be members of the order. The order consisted of THREE +CLASSES: the first wore a silver medal gilt, suspended to a blue +riband two inches broad, and worn round the neck; the second a silver +medal, and the third a bronze medal, similarly worn. The candidates +for the third class must have served seven years with an unblemished +character; for the second, fourteen; and for the first, twenty-one +years. On the 1st of July, the KING was graciously pleased to accept +from Lieut.-Colonel Crosbie a medal of the first class of the +regimental ORDER OF MERIT: and on the 3rd of that month, the regiment +being then encamped in Windsor Forest, assembled on parade, with the +non-commissioned officers and soldiers selected to receive medals in +front, the rules of the order were read; the corps presented arms, +the band played "God save the King;" the members of the order took +off their hats, and the commanding officer invested each member with +his medal; the drums beating a point of war during the whole time. + +[Sidenote: 1787] + +In 1787 the regiment proceeded to Guernsey and Jersey, where its +establishment was augmented; and it was ordered to be held in +readiness for foreign service, in consequence of some revolutionary +proceedings in Holland. In October the regiment proceeded to +Portsmouth, and its establishment was soon afterwards reduced. +Previous to leaving Guernsey, it received the thanks of the +Lieut.-Governor for its excellent conduct. + +[Sidenote: 1788] + +On quitting Portsmouth in 1788 for Chatham, the regiment received a +very flattering mark of the high estimation in which its conduct was +held by the inhabitants. + +[Sidenote: 1790] + +The regiment left Chatham and Dover in the spring of 1790, and +proceeding to Ireland landed at Cork on the 5th of April. + +[Sidenote: 1791] + +Major-General Charles O'Hara was removed to the Seventy-fourth +Highlanders in April, 1791, and was succeeded in the colonelcy of +the TWENTY-SECOND by Major-General David Dundas, Adjutant-General of +the Army in Ireland. + +[Sidenote: 1792] + +In 1792, a slight alteration was made in the uniform, and the +establishment was augmented. + +[Sidenote: 1793] + +Meanwhile a revolution had taken place in France, and the violent +conduct of the republican government in that country occasioned a +war between Great Britain and France, which commenced in 1793. In +September of that year the flank companies of the TWENTY-SECOND +regiment embarked for the West Indies, for the purpose of taking part +in the capture of the French West India islands. They were followed +by the battalion companies in December. + +[Sidenote: 1794] + +The flank companies joined the armament under General Sir Charles +(afterwards Earl) Grey, who effected a landing at three different +points on the island of _Martinique_, in February, 1794, and +accomplished in a short period the conquest of that valuable colony. + +The grenadier brigade under His Royal Highness Prince Edward, +afterwards the Duke of Kent, and the light infantry under +Major-General Dundas, were engaged in the conquest of _St. Lucia_ in +the beginning of April. + +After the conquest of St. Lucia, an attack was made on _Guadaloupe_, +and that valuable island was speedily rescued from the power of the +republican government of France. + +The regiment proceeded to the island of Martinique, where it was +joined by the flank companies. + +Two hundred men, commanded by Lieut.-Colonel Lysaght, proceeded to +the island of _St. Domingo_, and formed part of the garrison of +Cape St. Nicholas Mole: and five companies joined the garrison of +_Busy-town_, which place was besieged by the enemy. + +In April, the TWENTY-SECOND, Twenty-third, and Forty-first +regiments, with some other troops, embarked under the command of +Brigadier-General John Whyte, for the attack of _Port-au-Prince_, the +capital of the French possessions in the island of _St. Domingo_. +A landing was effected on the 31st of May; some severe fighting +occurred, in which the TWENTY-SECOND distinguished themselves: +_Fort Bizzotton_ was captured, and the enemy was forced to abandon +_Port-au-Prince_, which was taken possession of by the British +troops. The regiment had Captain Wallace killed on this occasion, +also several private soldiers killed and wounded. Unfortunately a +malignant fever broke out in the town, and the British lost forty +officers and six hundred soldiers by disease within two months after +the capture of the place. + +A detachment of the regiment formed part of the garrison of _Fort +Bizzotton_, which was attacked by two thousand of the enemy on +the 5th of December. The British defended their post with great +gallantry, and repulsed the assailants. Lieutenant Hamilton of the +TWENTY-SECOND distinguished himself. + +Another portion of the regiment was stationed at Jeremie, and a +detachment at Irois. + +[Sidenote: 1795] + +Having sustained severe loss from the climate of St. Domingo, the +regiment was relieved from duty at that island, and returned to +England in 1795. + +Lieut.-General Dundas was removed to the Seventh Light Dragoons, and +the colonelcy of the TWENTY-SECOND was conferred on Major-General +William Crosbie, from the Eighty-ninth regiment. + +[Sidenote: 1798] + +The regiment was stationed in England recruiting its ranks until +December, 1798, when it proceeded to Guernsey. + +Major-General Crosbie died this year, and was succeeded by +Major-General John Graves Simcoe, from the Eighty-first regiment. + +[Sidenote: 1799] + +In November, 1799, the regiment was withdrawn from Guernsey, and +landed at Portsmouth on the 15th of that month. + +On its return from the West Indies, the regiment enlisted a number +of boys, or youths; and in 1798 it received drafts of boys, or lads, +from other corps; it was designated a boy regiment, and sent to the +Cape of Good Hope, where the youths, it was conjectured, would be +gradually accustomed to a warm climate, and become better adapted for +service in the East Indies, than recruits sent direct from Europe to +India. + +[Sidenote: 1800] + +In January and February, 1800, the regiment embarked for the Cape of +Good Hope, where it arrived in May and June following. The companies +on board of one transport, the Surat Castle, suffered severely in +consequence of their crowded state: the crew was composed of Lascars, +among whom much disease prevailed; the infection was communicated +to the soldiers, and the men of the TWENTY-SECOND suffered in their +health; sixty soldiers were sent on shore, to a general hospital, +before the ship left England. The survivors arrived at the Cape in +a sickly state; they had been obliged to aid in working the vessel +during the voyage, and the masts and rigging had been damaged during +a gale of wind. + +[Sidenote: 1801] + +The head-quarters were established at Muisenberg, and afterwards +encamped at Wynberg, a tongue of land projecting from the east side +of Table Mountain. The sick men received every attention which could +be procured by Major-General Francis Dundas, commanding at the Cape, +and as they recovered they joined the head-quarters, which were +removed to Simon's-town in January, 1801, and again encamped at +Wynberg in March. In May the regiment marched into Cape Town, and in +September joined the camp at Rondebosch. + +The lads having become much improved in size and strength, the light +infantry company joined the flank battalion; and the grenadiers were +detached to the interior, and stationed at Graaff Reinett. + +[Sidenote: 1802] + +Leaving the camp in January, 1802, the regiment was removed to +Muisenberg, Simon's-town, and Graaff Reinett. + +The period having arrived for the regiment to proceed to India, it +was joined by a number of volunteers from corps serving at the Cape +of Good Hope, and embarked from thence in September, October, and +November, when it mustered thirty-one officers, and one thousand and +fifty-five non-commissioned officers and soldiers fit for duty. + +[Sidenote: 1803] + +In February, 1803, the last division of the regiment landed at Fort +William, Calcutta, where the other companies had previously arrived. + +At this period two powerful chieftains, Dowlat Rao Scindia and +Jeswunt Rao Holkar, had usurped the powers of the Peishwa, and were +desolating the Mahratta states with war; and these two chiefs, +with the Rajah of Berar, formed a confederacy against the British +and their allies. Under these circumstances the flank companies +of the regiment embarked from Fort William, and joined the field +force, under Lieut.-Colonel Harcourt, assembled for the attack of +the province of Cuttack. On entering that province, the troops had +to overcome numerous difficulties from the nature of the country, +the season of the year, and the resistance of the enemy, which they +surmounted with great gallantry. + +On the 4th of October, the flank companies of the TWENTY-SECOND +regiment highly distinguished themselves at the capture of the fort +of _Barrabatta_ by storm, when they led the assault, and took several +of the enemy's colours. They had one man killed; Captain Harlston and +eight soldiers wounded. The colours captured by the TWENTY-SECOND, +with some others taken by the Ninth and Nineteenth Native Infantry, +were publicly displayed at Calcutta, and afterwards lodged at Fort +William, with an inscription of the names of the corps by which taken. + +[Sidenote: 1804] + +The flank companies of the regiment remained in the field, and the +splendid successes of the British arms appeared likely to bring about +a speedy termination of the war; but hostilities were protracted +by the defection of the Rajah of Bhurtpore. The flank companies of +the TWENTY-SECOND joined the army under Lord Lake: they had two men +killed and three wounded at the capture of _Deeg_, in December, and +were engaged in the attempt to bring the refractory Rajah Sing to +submission by the siege of the strong fortress of Bhurtpore. + +[Sidenote: 1805] + +In the meantime, the regiment had commenced its march from Fort +William, for the Upper provinces, and in January, 1805, it halted and +encamped at Benares; but resumed its march in February, and proceeded +to Cawnpore. + +The siege of _Bhurtpore_ was carried on, and the flank companies +were engaged in the unsuccessful attempt to capture that place +by storm on the 9th of January, when they had eleven men killed +and twenty-four wounded. They were also engaged in the desperate +attempt to capture the place by storm, on the 21st of January, when +they had Captain Menzies and four men killed; Captains Lindsay and +McNight, Lieutenants Mansergh, Sweetman, and Caswell, and thirty-one +non-commissioned officers and soldiers, wounded. At the third +unsuccessful attack, on the 21st of February, they had two serjeants +and three soldiers killed; three serjeants and four soldiers wounded. + +Serjeant John Ship, of the regiment, led the forlorn hope on each +occasion, and his gallant conduct was rewarded with the commission +of ensign in the Sixty-fifth regiment. + +Rajah Sing submitted, and concluded a treaty of peace with the +British: the army withdrew from Bhurtpore, and the surviving officers +and soldiers of the flank companies joined the regiment at Cawnpore, +in June. + +Holkar continued his resistance to the British authority, and Scindia +evinced a disposition to renew hostilities. These events occasioned +the regiment to quit Cawnpore, in October, to pursue the army of +Holkar, who was driven from place to place, until the British troops +arrived at the banks of the Hyphasis, or Sutlej, where he submitted, +and a treaty of peace was concluded in December. Scindia also +concluded a second treaty, and the British power and influence in +India were thus augmented and consolidated. + +[Sidenote: 1806] + +From the banks of the Sutlej, the regiment marched to Delhi, where +it arrived in February, 1806, and in March it was removed to Muttra, +where it received the thanks of General Lord Lake, and of the +Governor-General in Council, for its conduct during the war. + +On the 30th of October, General Simcoe, who died in 1806, was +succeeded in the colonelcy of the regiment by Lieut.-General Sir +James Henry Craig, from the Eighty-sixth foot. + +[Sidenote: 1807] + +Leaving Muttra in July, 1807, the regiment proceeded to Berhampore, +where it arrived on the 7th of August. + +[Sidenote: 1809] + +Major-General the Honorable Edward Finch was appointed colonel of +the regiment on the 18th of September, 1809, from the Fifty-fourth +foot, in succession to Sir James Henry Craig, K.B., removed to the +Seventy-eighth Highlanders. + +[Sidenote: 1810] + +The regiment remained at Berhampore until August, 1810, when it +embarked in boats, and proceeded to Fort William, in order to form +part of the expedition against the _Mauritius_, under Major-General +the Honorable J. Abercromby. A landing was effected in the bay of +Mapou, on the 29th of November, without opposition, and on the +following day the troops advanced towards the capital; being exposed +to severe heat, and unable to procure water, the soldiers became +exhausted, and arriving at the powder-mills, five miles from Port +Louis, they halted near the stream. Resuming the march on the 1st of +December, the troops were opposed by the enemy in force, and some +sharp fighting occurred, in which the TWENTY-SECOND took part and had +several men wounded. The French were driven from their ground, and +they fell back upon Port Louis; the British took post in front of the +position occupied by the French. Being unable to withstand the valour +and discipline of the invading army, the governor, General de Caen, +surrendered the island to the British arms. + +[Sidenote: 1811] + +After the capture of the Mauritius, the regiment was stationed a +short time at that island, and in January it sent a detachment +of five officers and seventy men to Tamatave, in the Island of +Madagascar. In March and April the regiment was removed to the island +of Bourbon, where it was joined by the survivors of the detachment +from Madagascar, reduced in number, by disease, to two officers and +twenty-five men: they had been made prisoners by the enemy, and +re-captured by the British ships of war. + +[Sidenote: 1812] + +[Sidenote: 1813] + +In July, 1812, the regiment returned to the Mauritius; but again +proceeded to Bourbon, in August, and was removed to the Mauritius a +second time in May, 1813. + +[Sidenote: 1814] + +[Sidenote: 1815] + +A number of men having volunteered from the militia to the +TWENTY-SECOND regiment, His Royal Highness the Prince Regent was +pleased to approve of a _second battalion_ being formed, and it was +placed on the establishment of the army on the 10th of February, +1814. The war in Europe being terminated soon afterwards, by the +abdication of Napoleon Bonaparte, and the restoration of the Bourbon +dynasty to the throne of France, the second battalion was disbanded +at Chester, on the 24th of October, transferring the men fit for duty +to the first battalion, which they joined at the Mauritius, in April, +1815, in so good a state, as to be specially noticed in general +orders, and Captain Thomas Poole, commanding the party, received the +thanks of the governor. + +On the 1st of June, 1815, the rifle company of the first battalion +of the Twelfth regiment, together with the first battalion of the +Eighty-seventh regiment, and the flank companies of the TWENTY-SECOND +regiment, were formed into a field brigade, and on the 16th of June +embarked from the Mauritius to join the army in Bengal. The troops +arrived at Bengal on the 2nd and 3rd of August; re-embarked on +the 23rd of September, and landed at the Mauritius on the 14th of +November, 1815. The light company of the TWENTY-SECOND regiment, +while on passage to Bengal, was wrecked in the Straits between Ceylon +and the opposite continent. The conduct of the flank companies, while +in India, was highly commended in general orders issued before they +embarked from Fort William,--on their return to the Mauritius. + +While the flank companies were thus employed, the remainder of the +TWENTY-SECOND regiment was placed under canvas at Pamplemousse, seven +miles from Port Louis, as it was suffering severely from a prevailing +disease at the Mauritius. There being but a small force left on +the island, and this reduced in numbers and efficiency by disease, +a meditated insurrection had nearly attained an outbreak, but for +timely information. + +[Sidenote: 1819] + +The regiment occupied various stations at the Mauritius, under the +command of Colonel Dalrymple, until July, 1819, when it embarked +for England. Previous to quitting the island it was inspected by +Major-General Ralph Darling, who expressed, in general orders, his +admiration of its appearance, and of its excellent conduct while +serving under his command. + +Though the TWENTY-SECOND had participated in the capture of the +Mauritius, the French inhabitants of the island presented a large +and handsome gold snuff-box to the regiment on its embarkation for +England, bearing this inscription, "_Aux Officiers du 22 Régiment +de S. M.--Souvenir des Habitans de l'île Maurice_; 1819;" thus +testifying their good feeling, and appreciation of the orderly and +soldierlike conduct of the corps during its service of nine years in +the colony. + +After landing at Gosport, in November and December, the regiment +marched to Northampton, under the orders of Colonel Sir Hugh Gough, +K.C.B. + +[Sidenote: 1821] + +In the Autumn of 1821 the regiment marched to Liverpool, where +it embarked on the 9th of October, for Ireland. Having landed at +Dublin on the 10th of October, the regiment marched to Buttevant, +with detachments at Mallow, Bantyre, Charleville, Newmarket, and +Ballyclough. + +Some changes of quarters afterwards took place in consequence of the +riotous and violent proceedings of the misguided peasantry at this +part of the country, and the disposition evinced to violate the law. + +[Sidenote: 1822] + +On the evening of the 25th of January, 1822, three thousand men +assembled with such arms as they could procure, for an attack on +Newmarket; and they were repulsed, with severe loss, by thirty men +of the regiment, under Captain Thomas Keappock and Lieutenant Samuel +Green, who received the expression of the approbation of His Royal +Highness the Duke of York, the Commander-in-Chief, and were presented +with a silver cup, by the noblemen, gentlemen, and inhabitants of +the town and vicinity of Newmarket,--"In testimony of the high sense +entertained of their gallant conduct in attacking and defeating an +armed body of three thousand insurgents, with thirty men." + +A reinforcement was sent to Newmarket, and the regiment performed +many marches, and much extra duty, in consequence of the disturbed +state of the country. + +[Sidenote: 1823] + +[Sidenote: 1824] + +The head-quarters of the regiment were stationed at Buttevant during +the year 1823, and the first nine months of 1824; and the state +of the regiment was repeatedly commended in orders by the General +Officers who made the half-yearly inspections. + +[Sidenote: 1826] + +In October, 1824, the regiment marched to Dublin; it was subsequently +stationed in Galway, and in the summer of 1826 it was divided into +six service and four depôt companies, in order that the former might +proceed on foreign service. + +The service companies embarked from Cork in November and December, +in three divisions, commanded by Lieut.-Colonel P. C. Taylor, Major +James Steuart, and Captain Thomas Poole, and the last division +arrived at the island of Jamaica in February, 1827. + +[Sidenote: 1827] + +The service companies suffered severely from the effects of the +climate of Jamaica; in September and October, 1827, they lost three +officers, seventeen serjeants, and one hundred and twenty men, from +fever; the total loss during the first year was Lieut.-Colonel P. +C. Taylor, Major James Steuart, Captain William Norton, Lieutenant +Edward Gordon, Ensign E. T. Evans, Paymaster R. Barlow, Adjutant +William Potenger, and one hundred and seventy-two non-commissioned +officers and soldiers. + +[Sidenote: 1828] + +[Sidenote: 1829] + +In the following year the losses were much less numerous; and in +April, 1829, Lieut.-Colonel C. G. Falconar arrived and assumed the +command. In June of the same year, the regiment received the thanks +of the civil authorities for the prompt assistance rendered in +extinguishing an alarming fire in the vicinity of Spanish Town. + +[Sidenote: 1830] + +On the 7th of June, 1830, the depôt companies embarked from Cork for +South Britain, where they were stationed until the summer of 1836, +when they embarked from Liverpool for Ireland, and landed at Dublin. + +[Sidenote: 1831] + +The regiment was employed in suppressing a formidable insurrection +among the slaves in Jamaica in the winter of 1831-2; the two flank +companies were encamped on the scene of the insurrection in the +following winter, and when the regiment left Falmouth, in Jamaica, +in the latter part of the year 1833, the thanks of the custos and +magistrates were awarded to the corps for its good conduct.[8] + +[Sidenote: 1837] + +The service companies performed duty at the island of Jamaica until +the beginning of 1837, when they commenced embarking for Europe, and +landed at Cork in March and April; they were afterwards joined by the +depôt companies. + +[Sidenote: 1838] + +[Sidenote: 1839] + +[Sidenote: 1840] + +The regiment remained in Ireland during the years 1838 and 1839; +and embarking from Dublin on the 19th of December, 1840, landed at +Liverpool on the 21st of that month. + +[Sidenote: 1841] + +The TWENTY-SECOND regiment, having been selected to proceed to +India, embarked from Gravesend in January, 1841, and landed at +Bombay in May following. It afterwards proceeded to Poonah, where an +encampment was formed, and the regiment was stationed there during +the remainder of the year. + +[Sidenote: 1842] + +In the following year the regiment quitted the camp at Poonah by +divisions, and proceeding to the country of Scinde, was encamped +some time near Kurrachee. The regiment was encamped in two separate +divisions at Kurrachee, as cholera had broken out violently in its +ranks, from which it suffered severely, and during its prevalence +a field-officer's detachment, under Major Poole, consisting of two +companies, was ordered to proceed by the Indus, in the month of +April, 1842, to Sukkur, in Upper Scinde, previously to the withdrawal +of the British force from Beloochistan. + +The navigation of the Indus had been acquired by the British in 1839, +and application was made to the Ameers, who governed the country, +for a portion of land on the banks of the river. This they agreed to +give; but at the same time meditated the destruction of the British +power in the country by treachery. The TWENTY-SECOND quitted the camp +at Kurrachee in November, and proceeded up the country. + +[Sidenote: 1843] + +The regiment formed part of the force assembled under Major-General +Sir Charles Napier, and was employed in the destruction of the fort +of _Emaum Ghur_, in the desert, on the 14th and 15th of January, 1843. + +Major-General W. F. P. Napier, in his work entitled "_The Conquest +of Scinde_," has given, with his characteristic eloquence, the +following spirited description of the march to _Emaum Ghur_, a march +which His Grace the Duke of Wellington described in the House of +Lords, "_as one of the most curious military feats he had ever known +to be performed, or had ever perused an account of in his life. +Sir Charles Napier_ (added His Grace) _moved his troops through +the desert against hostile forces; he had his guns transported +under circumstances of extreme difficulty, and in a manner the most +extraordinary; and he cut off a retreat of the enemy which rendered +it impossible for them ever to regain their positions_." + +"It was a wild and singular country, the wilderness through which +they (the Anglo-Indian troops) were passing. The sand-hills stretched +north and south for hundreds of miles in parallel ridges, rounded at +top, and most symmetrically plaited, like the ripple on the sea-shore +after a placid tide. Varying in their heights, their breadth and +steepness, they presented one uniform surface, but while some were +only a mile broad, others were more than ten miles across; some +were of gentle slopes and low, others lofty, and so steep that the +howitzers could only be dragged up by men. The sand was mingled with +shells, and ran in great streams resembling numerous rivers, skirted +on each side by parallel streaks of soil, which nourished jungle, +yet thinly and scattered. The tracks of the hyena and wild boar, and +the prints of small deer's footsteps, were sometimes seen at first, +but they soon disappeared, and then the solitude of the waste was +unbroken. + +"For eight days these intrepid soldiers traversed this gloomy region, +living from hand to mouth, uncertain each morning if water could be +found in the evening; and many times it was not found. They were not +even sure of their right course; yet with fiery valour and untiring +strength, they continued their dreary dangerous way. The camels found +very little food, and got weak, but the stout infantry helped to +drag the heavy howitzers up the sandy steeps; and all the troops, +despising the danger of an attack from the Beloochees, worked with a +power and will that overcame every obstacle. On the eighth day they +reached _Emaum Ghur_, eager to strike and storm, and then was seen +how truly laid down is Napoleon's great maxim, that moral force is in +war to physical force, as four to one. Mahomed Khan, with a strong +fortress well provided, and having a garrison six times as numerous +as the band coming to assail him, had fled with his treasure two days +before; taking a southerly direction, he regained the Indus by tracks +with which his people were well acquainted, leaving all his stores of +grain and powder behind." + +As Emaum Ghur could only serve as a stronghold in which the +Beloochees might be able to resist British supremacy, Major-General +Sir Charles Napier determined upon destroying the fortress. It was +a place of great strength, and was constructed of unburnt bricks, +into which the shot easily penetrates, but brings nothing down, so +that recourse was had to mining. The place was full of gunpowder and +grain, and the former was employed in blowing up the fortress, which +was effected on the 15th of January. + +After this difficult and harassing service, the troops returned +triumphant on the 23rd of January, to Peer-Abu-Bekr, where +Major-General Sir Charles Napier reunited his whole army. It is to be +observed that the march was performed without the loss of a man, or +without even a sick soldier, and the Ameers' troops were dispersed, +and their plan of campaign frustrated. + +A treaty of peace was signed by the Ameers on the 14th of February: +directions were sent to the British political resident, Major Outram, +by the Ameers, to quit _Hyderabad_, the capital, and before this was +complied with, _eight thousand_ Beloochees, commanded by several +Ameers in person, attempted to force an entrance into the enclosure +of the British residency. The light company of the TWENTY-SECOND +regiment, mustering _one hundred_ men, under Captain T. S. Conway, +Lieutenant F. P. Harding, and Ensign R. Pennefather, was the only +force at the residency, the enclosure of which was surrounded by a +wall from four to five feet high. The gallant officers and soldiers +of this company kept the eight thousand Scindian troops, with six +pieces of artillery, at bay nearly four hours; and when their +ammunition was nearly expended, they retreated to the river, with +Major Outram, and embarking on board of two steam-vessels, joined the +troops under Major-General Sir Charles Napier, at Hala. The light +company had two men killed and four wounded on this occasion. + +The Ameers having thus commenced hostilities, assembled a numerous +force to destroy the few British troops in the country. Major-General +Sir Charles Napier, trusting to the valour of the troops under +his orders, advanced to meet the enemy. On the 17th of February, +_twenty-two thousand_ Scindian troops were discovered in position +behind the bank of a river at _Meeanee_. The British, mustering _two +thousand eight hundred_ men, advanced in _echelon_ of regiments to +attack their numerous opponents, and the TWENTY-SECOND, commanded by +Lieut.-Colonel J. L. Pennefather, had the honor to lead the attack. A +numerous body of Beloochees discharged their matchlocks and pistols +at the TWENTY-SECOND, and then rushed forward sword in hand to close +upon the British line; but these bold and skilful swordsmen went down +under the superior power of the musket and bayonet. + +After a severe contest the Scindian army was defeated, and, on the +day following the victory, six of the Ameers delivered their swords +to the British General upon the field of battle. The Beloochees +lost five thousand men, and all their guns, ammunition, and treasure +were taken, together with their camp and standards. On the 20th of +February, the British colours waved in triumph over the fortress of +_Hyderabad_. + +In Major-General Napier's admirable work on "_The Conquest of +Scinde_," is given the following spirited and picturesque description +of the battle of MEEANEE:-- + +"The Ameers' right was found to be strengthened and covered by the +village of Kattree, which was filled with men; that flank offered no +weak point. But in the Shikargah on their left the General instantly +detected a flaw. It has been before said this Shikargah was covered +by a wall, having only one opening, not very wide, through which it +was evident the Beloochees meant to pour out on the flank and rear +of the advancing British line. The General rode near this wall, and +found it was nine or ten feet high; he rode nearer, and marked it +had no loop-holes for the enemy to shoot through; he rode into the +opening under a play of matchlocks, and, looking behind the wall, +saw there was no scaffolding to enable the Beloochees to fire over +the top. Then the inspiration of genius came to the aid of heroism. +Taking a company of the TWENTY-SECOND, he thrust them at once into +the opening, telling their brave Captain, Tew, that he was to block +up that entrance; to die there, if it must be,--never to give way! +And well did the gallant fellow obey his orders: he died there, but +the opening was defended. The great disparity of numbers was thus +abated, and the action of six thousand men paralysed by the more +skilful action of only eighty! It was, on a smaller scale as to +numbers, a stroke of generalship like that which won Blenheim for the +Duke of Marlborough. + +[Illustration: TWENTY-SECOND REGIMENT. + +FOR CANNON'S MILITARY RECORDS. + +_Madeley lith. 3 Wellington S^t. Strand._] + +"Now the advancing troops, in echelon of regiments, approached the +enemy's front. The British right passed securely under the wall of +the Shikargah, cheered and elated as they moved by the rattling sound +of Tew's musketry. * * * * Meanwhile the dead level of the plain was +swept by the Beloochee cannon and matchlocks, which were answered +from time to time by Lloyd's batteries, yet not frequently, for +rapidly and eagerly did the troops press forward to close with their +unseen foes. When the TWENTY-SECOND had got within a hundred yards +of the high sloping bank of the Fulaillee, they threw their fire at +the top of the bank, where the heads of the Beloochees could be just +seen, bending with fiery glances over the levelled matchlocks, and +the voice of the General, shrill and clear, was heard along the line, +commanding the charge. + +"Then rose the British shout; the English guns were run forward into +position, the infantry closed upon the Fulaillee with a run, and +rushed up the sloping bank. The Beloochees, having their matchlocks +laid ready in rest along the summit, waited until the assailants +were within fifteen yards ere their volley was delivered; the rapid +pace of the British, and the steepness of the slope on the inside, +deceived their aim, and the execution was not great; the next moment +the TWENTY-SECOND were on the top of the bank, thinking to bear +down all before them, but they staggered back in amazement at the +forest of swords waving in their front! Thick as standing corn, +and gorgeous as a field of flowers, stood the Beloochees in their +many-coloured garments and turbans; they filled the broad deep bed +of the Fulaillee, they clustered on both banks, and covered the +plain beyond. Guarding their heads with their large dark shields, +they shook their sharp swords, beaming in the sun, their shouts +rolled like a peal of thunder, as with frantic gestures they rushed +forwards, and full against the front of the TWENTY-SECOND dashed with +demoniac strength and ferocity. But with shouts as loud, and shrieks +as wild and fierce as theirs, and hearts as big, and arms as strong, +the Irish soldiers met them with that queen of weapons the musket, +and sent their foremost masses rolling back in blood." + +The following extracts from the despatch of Major-General Sir Charles +Napier testify the part borne by the TWENTY-SECOND in the victory of +MEEANEE:-- + +"Lieutenant-Colonel Pennefather was severely wounded as with the +high courage of a soldier he led his regiment (TWENTY-SECOND) up +the desperate bank of the Fulaillee. Major Wyllie, Captains Tucker +and Conway, Lieutenants Harding and Phayre, were all wounded, while +gloriously animating their men to sustain the shock of numbers." + +"Captains Meade, Tew, and Cookson, with Lieutenant Wood, all fell +honorably, urging on the assault with unmitigated valour. + +"Major Poole, of the TWENTY-SECOND, and Captain Jackson of the +Twenty-fifth native infantry, who succeeded to the command of those +regiments, proved themselves worthy of their dangerous posts. + +"The Acting Assistant Quartermaster-General, Lieutenant McMurdo, of +the TWENTY-SECOND regiment, had his horse killed, and, while on foot +leading some soldiers in a desperate dash down the enemy's side of +the bank, he cut down a Chieftain. He has greatly assisted me by his +activity and zeal during the whole of our operations. + +"Innumerable are the individual acts of intrepidity which took place +between our soldiers and their opponents, too numerous for detail in +this despatch, yet well meriting a record." + +In the NOTIFICATION of the Right Honorable Lord Ellenborough, the +Governor-General of India, it was directed, + +"That the unserviceable guns, taken at Hyderabad, shall be sent +to Bombay, and there cast into a triumphal column, whereon shall +be inscribed in the English, and two native languages, the names +of Major-General Sir Charles Napier, K.C.B., and of the several +officers mentioned by His Excellency in his despatch, and likewise +the names of the several officers, non-commissioned officers, and +privates mentioned in the reports, that thus the names may be for +ever recorded of those who, at MEEANEE, obtained for themselves that +glory in the field, which is the reward dearest to a true soldier." + +Major Poole, commanding the TWENTY-SECOND regiment, in consequence +of Lieutenant-Colonel Pennefather having been severely wounded, +stated in his report, respecting the soldiers of the regiment +under his command, who had distinguished themselves in the battle +of Meeanee, "that the officers generally assert that they feel +difficulty in making selections, where the conduct of every man of +their companies was so satisfactory. In so general a field of action +and persevering exertion, I equally feel at a loss where to draw a +distinction; but it may be proper to mention the names of Private +James O'Neill, of the light company, who took a standard whilst we +were actively engaged with the enemy, and drummer Martin Delaney, who +shot, bayoneted, and captured the arms of Meer Whullee Mahomed Khan, +who was mounted, and directing the enemy in the hottest part of the +engagement." + +The loss of the TWENTY-SECOND regiment at the battle of Meeanee +was, Captain J. McLeod Tew,[9] one serjeant, and twenty-two rank +and file killed; Lieut.-Colonel J. L. Pennefather, Captain T. S. +Conway, Lieutenants W. M. G. McMurdo and F. P. Harding, Ensigns R. +Pennefather and H. Bowden, one serjeant, one corporal, and fifty +privates wounded. + +The whole of the Ameers did not submit, and the Chiefs who continued +to resist assembled an army, which was commanded by Meer Shere +Mahomed. The British advanced from _Hyderabad_ at daybreak on the +morning of the 24th of March, and about half-past eight o'clock +twenty thousand Scindian troops were discovered in order of battle +behind a nullah. Arrangements were immediately made for commencing +the action, and the TWENTY-SECOND regiment led the attack in gallant +style. Major John Poole commanded the brigade, and Captain F. D. +George the regiment, and, stimulated by the heroic example of these +officers, the TWENTY-SECOND advanced steadily against the enemy's +left, exposed to a heavy fire of matchlocks, without returning a +shot, until they arrived within forty paces of the entrenchment, +when they stormed the position occupied by the Beloochees with that +determined bravery which has ever distinguished British soldiers. +Lieutenant Henry J. Coote first mounted the rampart, seized one of +the enemy's standards, and was severely wounded while in the act of +waving it, and cheering on his men; Lieutenant C. T. Powell seized +another standard; and the soldiers, being encouraged by the gallant +example of their officers, displayed that heroism which adorns the +British military character. Privates J. Doherty, C. Lynar, E. Jobin, +J. McCartin, J. Walmsley, G. Roberts, E. Watson and J. Oakley, shot +the defenders, and then captured fourteen standards, and made five +prisoners. Privates S. Cowen, S. Alder, and G. Banbury also captured +standards; and Corporal Tim. Kelly shot one of the Scindians, and +took from him a silver-knobbed standard. The Beloochee infantry and +artillery fought well, but were unable, although greatly superior in +numbers, to resist the determined attack of disciplined soldiers. + +Major-General Sir Charles Napier stated in his public despatch, "The +battle was decided by the troop of Horse Artillery, and Her Majesty's +TWENTY-SECOND regiment. + +"Of Lieutenant McMurdo's abilities as Acting Assistant +Quartermaster-General, I cannot speak too highly; and regret to say, +he has received a sabre wound from a Beloochee, the third that he cut +down in single combat during the day. + +"To the commanders of brigades and regiments, and the officers, +non-commissioned officers, and privates under their command, I have +to return my thanks for their valiant bearing in the action." + +The loss of the enemy was very great, and eleven pieces of cannon +were taken in position on the nullah, together with seventeen +standards. The Beloochee force was completely defeated, and their +commander, Meer Shere Mahomed, fled to the desert.[10] Among the +killed was the great promoter of the war, Hoche Mahomed Seedee. +Twenty-three rank and file of the regiment were killed on this +occasion; Lieutenants Thomas Chute, Henry J. Coote, H. A. G. Evans, +and John Brennan, Ensign Richard Pennefather, six serjeants, one +drummer, four corporals, and one hundred and twenty-three privates +wounded. At the battle of Hyderabad, the regiment mustered only five +hundred and sixty-two rank and file; the remainder being sick and +convalescent, having been left at Sukkur in Upper Scinde. + +As a mark of Royal approbation for these victories, Her Majesty, +on the 4th of July, 1843, was pleased to appoint Major-General Sir +Charles James Napier a Knight Grand Cross of the Most Honorable +Military Order of the Bath; Lieutenant-Colonel Pennefather,[11] +Brevet Lieutenant-Colonel Poole, Brevet Majors Frederick George, and +Thomas Conway, were also nominated Companions of the Bath, and their +brevet rank was dated from the above period. + +Her Majesty was also graciously pleased to command that a medal +should be conferred upon the Officers, Non-commissioned Officers, and +Soldiers engaged in the battles of Meeanee and Hyderabad. + +On the 18th of August, 1843, the TWENTY-SECOND received the Royal +authority to bear upon the regimental or second colour, and on +the appointments, the word "SCINDE," in commemoration of its +distinguished gallantry in the campaign against the Ameers of that +country, during the early part of the year 1843. + +Her Majesty, on the 2nd of July, 1844, conferred increased honor on +the TWENTY-SECOND, by authorising the corps to bear on the regimental +colour and appointments, in addition to the word "SCINDE," the words +"MEEANEE" and "HYDERABAD," in commemoration of the distinguished +gallantry displayed in the general engagements fought at those places +respectively, on the 17th of February, and 24th of March, 1843. + +On the 12th of February, 1844, the thanks of Parliament were voted to +Major-General Sir Charles Napier, G.C.B., and to the troops under his +command, "_for the eminent skill, energy, and gallantry, displayed by +him in the recent military operations in_ SCINDE, _particularly in +the two decisive battles of_ MEEANEE _and_ HYDERABAD;" to the several +officers serving under Sir Charles Napier, "_for their unwearied zeal +and conspicuous gallantry_;" and to the troops, "_for their brave and +meritorious conduct_." + +Major-General Sir Charles Napier, on presenting the regiments at +Kurrachee with the Medals conferred on them for their gallantry in +this campaign, addressed the soldiers as follows:-- + +"Soldiers! the Battle of _Meeanee_ is among those of which history +will speak as proving the superiority of _discipline_ over numbers; +and it is well, Soldiers! that we should dwell upon these things; +that we may understand how Medals are won, and why they are bestowed. + +"Had we been without discipline, valour alone would not have won the +victories of _Meeanee_ and _Hyderabad_! Valour is like the _Strength_ +of a man, Discipline is like his _Mind_, that directs his strength +to effective exertion. If two pugilists have a boxing-match, and one +strikes at random, while the other boxes with science, planting every +blow home, we know how the fight must be soon decided. So it is with +two armies,--the one disciplined, the other without discipline. The +General of the disciplined Army directs his columns upon that part of +the enemy's position which he deems to be the weakest; as the mind +of the boxer directs his blow against the opening offered by his +unskilful enemy. But this is not all,--obedience to orders (which +is discipline) enables us to bring up all the necessary provisions +of war to the day and to the hour; thus food and ammunition are at +hand to support the blow of battle, just as the shoulder and the +body are thrown forward to support and give vigour to the blow of +the pugilist. But not only is valour useless without discipline, +but it is even dangerous; for without discipline the rashly brave +would run heedlessly against the enemy, the cautious would seek +'vantage ground, and the timid would retreat. Thus the Army would be +scattered: but when an Army is disciplined, the ponderous charges +of Cavalry, the steady tramp of the advancing Infantry, preparing +to charge with a mighty shout, and the rolling thunder of Artillery +pouring forth its iron shower, all combine simultaneously to strike +and overthrow the enemy. Thus, Soldiers, are Medals won, more by +discipline than by any extraordinary efforts of individual courage. +To reward this obedience medals are bestowed, so that every man who +wears this honoured badge is known to the world as one who, in the +midst of the noise, the danger, and confusion of battle, had obeyed +orders, and performed the three great duties of a Soldier--first, not +to fire without orders; next, when he does fire, to level low, so as +to make sure of striking down an enemy; thirdly, to keep his rank and +dress upon his colours. The Medal tells the world that he has bravely +done these things, and no man can walk with one of these Medals +on his breast without feeling the conscious pride of an intrepid +Soldier! His caste may be high caste, or it may be low caste, but the +Soldier, who bears on his breast a medal won in battle, is above all +the castes in the world. The pleasure of giving you these Medals, +Soldiers of the 12th Regiment (Native Infantry), is indeed great to +me. I saw your valiant conduct, and I rejoice in distributing the +reward which you honorably earned, and my satisfaction is increased +by the presence of so large a body of Europeans, for it affords me +an opportunity of saying to my countrymen that they will find these +swarthy warriors of the East staunch and true in action as they were +at Meeanee and Hyderabad, when they followed the example set them by +the glorious TWENTY-SECOND regiment. They will fight to the last +drop of their blood, and stand or fall by the side of their European +comrades. If the Almighty so wills it, that in these eventful times, +War should again arise, and that I am once more permitted to lead an +Army into the field, I should go into action with perfect confidence +in the courage of the Native Troops. I speak of what I know of their +gallantry, not from what I hear, but from what I have seen, and from +my own knowledge, of their daring courage. + +"Here I must address myself in a more direct manner to the Officers +now before me, and in justice to them say, that their conduct, and +the conduct of all the British Officers in these two battles, was +very noble. For several hours the two lines were fighting close to +each other, and as I cast my eye along the field, I everywhere saw +the British Officers display their worthiness as Military leaders, +and with unflinching intrepidity animating their Soldiers to battle! +To them, therefore, I will now first distribute these honorable +decorations." + +The Governor then dismounted, and advancing to the line of officers +of several regiments, and who had not before received their medals, +his Excellency presented each with the Medal,--the bands playing "God +save the Queen." + +On giving that which belonged to Lieutenant Marston, of the 25th +N. I., the General observed,--"But for you, Marston, I probably +should not have had this pleasure;" alluding to this Officer having +intrepidly thrown himself in front of his General when attacked by a +Beloochee Chief, whom the Lieutenant cut down ere he could reach the +General. + +On the 18th of April the regiment left Hyderabad, and proceeded to +Kurrachee, where the right wing and head-quarters embarked on the +27th of April, and sailed to Bombay. Previously to the embarkation +of the regiment for Bombay, the following order was issued by +Major-General Sir Charles Napier, Governor of Scinde:-- + + "_27th April, 1843._ + + "TWENTY-SECOND Regiment! + + "You well know why I send you to Bombay, and you also know how much + I dislike doing so. But nothing shall stand in the way of your + health and well-being, that I have the power to remove. Cut up by + Disease and by Battle, you require rest, that you may again join + us, and add to the Laurels with which you are already decorated. + + "C. J. NAPIER, _Major-General_, + _Governor_." + +The reception of the regiment at Bombay, on the 2nd of May, was +distinguished by high marks of honor, by command of the Governor, on +which occasion the accompanying order was issued:-- + + "_Bombay, Monday, 1st May, 1843._ + + "GARRISON ORDERS. + + "By the Honorable the Governor.--The Head-Quarters of Her Majesty's + TWENTY-SECOND Regiment of Foot having arrived from Scinde, will be + disembarked to-morrow morning at sunrise. + + "On this occasion the Governor and Commander-in-Chief of the + Garrison, desirous of paying every mark of honor to this + distinguished Corps, will himself receive it at the Apollo Pier. + + "On the landing of the first Division, a Royal Salute is to be + fired from the Saluting Battery. + + "The Troops composing the Garrison will be drawn up in Review + Order, in a convenient position, and will salute Her Majesty's + TWENTY-SECOND regiment, as it passes on its way to Fort George + Barracks. + + "His Excellency directs the attendance of all Military Officers at + the Presidency who may not be sick, or engaged on other duty. + + "The Commandant of the Garrison is requested to carry out the above + order. + + "BRUCE SETON, _Major_, + _Town Major_." + +The General Staff of the Garrison testified their admiration of the +gallant conduct of the regiment, by giving a public banquet to the +Officers of the corps; and the inhabitants of Bombay, including the +Civil Authorities, raised a handsome subscription, to be applied to +the benefit of the sufferers in the regiment, widows and orphans, by +the Campaign in Scinde. + +The left wing landed at Panwell on the 16th of May, and proceeded +from thence to Poonah, where it arrived on the 23rd of May. The right +wing and head-quarters arrived at Poonah, from Bombay, on the 1st of +June. + +General the Honorable Edward Finch died on the 27th of October, 1843, +and the colonelcy of the regiment was conferred on Major-General Sir +Charles James Napier, K.C.B. + +[Sidenote: 1844] + +On the 17th and 18th of October, 1844, the regiment marched from +Poonah in wings to Bowree, and on the 19th the whole moved together +for Field Service in the Kolapore districts, where the regiment lost +two officers, and thirty non-commissioned officers and privates, by +cholera. + +A portion of the regiment was employed in taking the north pettah +under the walls of the fort of Punalla, on the 27th of November; on +the 28th, 29th, and 30th of November the regiment, under the command +of Brevet Lieut.-Colonel John Poole, was employed in the investment +of _Punalla_ and _Pownghur_, and on the 1st of December was at +the capture of those forts, the latter of which was taken by the +regiment. During these operations the TWENTY-SECOND formed part of +the third brigade of the force employed under Major-General Delamotte. + +On the 26th of December a wing of the regiment marched, and joined +the first brigade on service in the Sawunt-Warree district; the other +wing remained near Kolapore. + +On the 31st of December, 1844, a wing of the regiment arrived at +Susseedroog from Kolapore, and joined the first brigade of the Field +Force in the Sawunt-Warree country, and was employed in investing +the forts of Monuhurr and Monsentosh, and participated in all the +operations for driving the enemy out of their stockades in the +densely wooded country between Susseedroog and the Forts. + +[Sidenote: 1845] + +The regiment had several skirmishes with the enemy; on the 17th of +January, 1845, part of the wing descended the Elephant rock with +other troops, and took the village of Seevapore, in the Concan, close +under Fort Monuhurr, where one man was killed and seven wounded. The +whole of the soldiers were employed, part in the Deccan or heights +above, and part in the Concan close under the forts, investing them +from the 17th to the 26th of January, during which period the forts +were constantly shelled by the British artillery, the enemy from the +forts firing their great guns and musketry. + +On the night of the 26th of January the enemy vacated the forts +unperceived, and escaped through a dense jungle, leaving the forts in +the possession of the Anglo-Indian army. + +The wing joined the regiment at Kolapore on the 6th of February, +escorting prisoners taken during the insurrection. The regiment was +employed in doing duty over about six hundred prisoners until its +recall to Poonah, for which place it marched on the 16th of April, +and arrived on the 2nd of May, 1845. + +A wing of the regiment, consisting of four hundred rank and file, +under the command of Captain Souter, marched from Poonah for Bombay +on the 25th of December, 1845. + +[Sidenote: 1846] + +The head-quarters of the regiment, under the command of +Lieutenant-Colonel Samuel Brandram Boileau, consisting of five +companies, marched from Poonah to Bombay on the 15th of August, 1846, +and joined the wing of the TWENTY-SECOND at that station. The march +was performed in the middle of the monsoon, in eight days, rain +consequently falling nearly the whole of the way. + +The regiment remained together at Bombay, having six companies +at Colaba, and three at Fort George, until the 14th of November, +1846, when the head-quarters, with five of the companies which were +stationed at Colaba, were ordered to Poonah, in consequence of fever +of a malarious nature having attacked the men, nearly every soldier +at Colaba having been admitted into hospital in less than two months; +the casualties were very numerous. + +[Sidenote: 1847] + +[Sidenote: 1848] + +The left wing, consisting of four companies, marched from Bombay +on the 12th of January, 1847, and arrived at Poonah on the 21st of +January. During the year 1848 the regiment continued to be stationed +at Poonah. + +[Sidenote: 1849] + +On the 25th of January, 1849, the regiment proceeded to Bombay, and +was subsequently stationed at Colaba. The left wing, consisting of +four companies, embarked for Kurrachee on the 24th of January. + +In June, 1849, the period to which the Record has been extended, the +regiment remained at Colaba, and consisted of fifty-three serjeants, +nineteen drummers, and 1042 rank and file, under the command of +Lieutenant-Colonel Sydney John Cotton, Lieutenant-Colonel Boileau +being in command of the Poonah brigade. + + +1849. + + +[Illustration: BELOOCHEE STANDARD, CAPTURED AT THE BATTLE OF MEEANEE, +BY THE XXII REGIMENT, ON THE 17^{TH} FEBRUARY 1843. + +SILVER MEDAL STRUCK IN COMMEMORATION OF THE BATTLES OF MEEANEE AND +HYDERABAD, IN FEBRUARY AND MARCH 1843. + +_For Cannon's Military Records._ + +_Madeley lith. 3 Wellington S^t. Strand._] + + + _Description of the Beloochee Standard captured at the Battle of_ + MEEANEE, _on the 17th of February, 1843._ + +The Beloochee Standard, represented in the engraving, was taken at +the Battle of _Meeanee_, on the 17th of February, 1843, by Private +James O'Neill of the TWENTY-SECOND regiment, as narrated at page 35 +of the Historical Record. The Standard is triangular; the longest +side is about seven feet in length, and the other sides measure each +about five feet. The Staff is nine feet in length. + +The Standards captured at the Battle of _Hyderabad_, on the 24th of +March, 1843, were of a similar rude description, and do not afford a +just idea of the Army which they may be supposed to have led on. No +person, on viewing these Trophies, would suppose the Beloochee Army, +to which they belonged, to have been composed of men so gallant and +so formidable; so well armed, and so expert in the use of their arms, +as the Scindian troops proved themselves in these battles. + + + _Description of the Silver Medal struck in commemoration of the + Victories of_ MEEANEE _and_ HYDERABAD, _and conferred on the + Officers and Men engaged in those Battles._ + +On the obverse; the bust of HER MAJESTY, with the inscription +"VICTORIA REGINA." + +On the reverse; the words "MEEANEE," "HYDERABAD," "1843," enclosed +within branches of Laurel, and surmounted by the Imperial Crown. + + +FOOTNOTES: + +[6] Cape Breton had been captured by the British in 1745, but was +restored to the French at the peace of Aix-la-Chapelle in 1748. It +was retaken in 1758 (as above narrated), and was finally ceded to +Great Britain by the treaty of Fontainebleau, in 1763. + +[7] The grenadier company of the TWENTY-SECOND regiment, which had +been incorporated with the "_Louisburg Grenadiers_," formed part of +the armament, and was engaged in the battle on the heights of Abraham +on the 13th of September, 1759. + +[8] When the Marquis of Normanby (then Earl of Mulgrave) presented +the regiment with New Colours at Jamaica, he remarked, in reference +to the conduct of the regiment,--"I had myself the means of +knowing upon the many times I have been at Falmouth, whilst your +head-quarters were there, that the regiment was universally popular, +and their departure generally regretted. During the few pleasant days +I passed at Shuttlewood, in the camp of which the flank companies of +the TWENTY-SECOND regiment formed a part, I remember upon remarking +to the Major-General there commanding, the perfect good conduct of +all there, he said, 'Yes, I never knew better men.'" + +[9] Lieutenant Thomas Chute succeeded to the vacancy caused by +the death of Captain Tew; Ensign Richard Pennefather was promoted +Lieutenant; and Serjeant-Major Thomas Stack was appointed ensign +in the TWENTY-SECOND regiment, the commissions being dated 18th +February, 1843, the day following the battle of Meeanee. + +[10] The following interesting circumstance is recorded by +Major-General Napier, in his history of the conquest of Scinde, +respecting the march into the desert in pursuit of Meer Shere +Mahomed:-- + +"On one of those long marches, which were almost continual, the +Twenty-fifth Sepoys, being nearly maddened by thirst and heat, +saw one of their water-carriers approaching with full skins of +water; they rushed towards him in crowds, tearing away the skins +and struggling together, with loud cries of Water! Water! At that +moment, some half-dozen straggling soldiers of the TWENTY-SECOND +came up, apparently exhausted, and asked for some. At once the +generous Indians withheld their hands from the skins, forgot their +own sufferings, and gave the fainting Europeans to drink; then they +all moved on, the Sepoys carrying the TWENTY-SECOND men's muskets for +them, patting them on the shoulders, and encouraging them to hold +out. It was in vain; they did so for a short time, but soon fell. +It was then discovered that these noble fellows were all wounded, +some deeply, but thinking there was to be another fight, they had +concealed their hurts, and forced nature to sustain the loss of +blood, the pain of wounds, the burning sun, the long marches, and the +sandy desert, that their last moments might be given to their country +on another field of battle!" + + _Names of men of the_ TWENTY-SECOND _regiment who concealed their + wounds, received in the Battle of Hyderabad, and marched with their + regiment the next day, thinking another battle was at hand._ + +Serjeant Haney, John Durr, John Muldowney, Robert Young, Henry Lines, +Patrick Gill, James Andrews, Thomas Middleton, James Mulvey, and +Silvester Day. + +[11] Lieutenant-Colonel Pennefather was appointed Aide-de-Camp to +the Queen, with the rank of Colonel, in 1846, the honor having been +deferred until this period in consequence of his short standing as +a Lieutenant-Colonel in 1843, the year in which the victories of +Meeanee and Hyderabad were gained. + +Colonel Pennefather exchanged to the Twenty-eighth Regiment, with +Lieut.-Colonel S. J. Cotton, on the 2nd December, 1847, and becoming +supernumerary on the arrival of the Twenty-eighth regiment from India +in 1848, was placed on half-pay. In August, 1848, Colonel Pennefather +was appointed to serve on the Staff of the army in Ireland. + + + + +SUCCESSION OF COLONELS + +OF + +THE TWENTY-SECOND, + +OR + +THE CHESHIRE REGIMENT OF FOOT. + + +HENRY, DUKE OF NORFOLK, K.G. + +_Appointed 16th March, 1689._ + +LORD HENRY HOWARD, son of Henry, Earl of Norwich, afterwards Duke of +Norfolk, was summoned to parliament in 1678, by the title of Lord +Mowbray: and on the death of Prince Rupert, in 1682, his lordship +was nominated governor and constable of Windsor Castle, and warden +of the forest of Windsor; also lord lieutenant of Berkshire and +Surrey. On the decease of his father, in 1684, he succeeded to the +dignity of DUKE OF NORFOLK, and of Earl Marshal of England; and in +May, 1685, he was elected a Knight of the most noble order of the +Garter. On the breaking out of the rebellion of the DUKE OF MONMOUTH, +the DUKE OF NORFOLK took great interest in raising a regiment of +foot for the service of King James II., now the twelfth regiment of +foot, of which he was appointed colonel. His Grace did not approve +of the measures of the court, and evinced a strong attachment to the +protestant religion. One day (says Bishop Burnet) the King gave the +DUKE OF NORFOLK the sword of state to carry with him to the Popish +chapel, which he carried as far as the door and then stopped, not +being willing to enter the chapel. The King said, "My Lord, your +father would have gone farther;" to which the Duke answered,--"Your +Majesty's father was the better man, and he would not have gone so +far." His Grace resigned his regiment, and joined in the invitation +to the PRINCE OF ORANGE. When the Prince landed, the DUKE OF NORFOLK +was in London, and was one of the Peers who petitioned the King for +a free parliament. He afterwards proceeded to his seat in Norfolk, +declared for the Prince of Orange, and brought that and some of the +neighbouring counties into the Prince's interest. On the elevation +of the Prince of Orange to the throne, his Graced was sworn a member +of the privy council; and afterwards used his interest and influence +in raising a corps of infantry, now the TWENTY-SECOND REGIMENT, of +which he was appointed colonel in March, 1689; but he resigned his +commission in the same year. He died on the 2nd of April 1701. + + +SIR HENRY BELLASIS, KT. + +_Appointed 28th September, 1689._ + +SIR HENRY BELLASIS was educated in strict principles of loyalty and +attachment to monarchical government, and when a youth he suffered +in the royal cause during the usurpation of Cromwell. Soon after the +restoration he was nominated captain of an independent company in +garrison at Hull, of which fortress the Lord Bellasis (or Belasyse) +was appointed governor; but he resigned, in 1673, in consequence of +the Test Act, he being a Roman Catholic. In the summer of 1674, Sir +Henry Bellasis raised a company of musketeers and pikemen for the +service of the United Provinces of the Netherlands, and was engaged +at the siege of Grave in the autumn of that year. He also served +at the siege of Maestricht in 1676; at the battle of Mont-Cassel +in 1677; and in the following spring he succeeded Colonel Ashley +in the command of a regiment which is now the sixth foot. At the +battle of St. Denis, in 1678, he evinced signal valour and ability, +vying in feats of gallantry with his commanders the Prince of +Orange and the celebrated Earl of Ossory, and was wounded. During +the rebellion of the Duke of Monmouth, in 1685, he accompanied +his regiment to England; and in 1687 circumstances occurred which +occasioned him to withdraw from the Dutch service; but he preserved +his attachment to the Protestant interest and to the Prince of +Orange. In 1689 he succeeded the Duke of Norfolk in the colonelcy of +the TWENTY-SECOND regiment, with which corps he served in Ireland +under the veteran Duke Schomberg. He served as brigadier-general +under King William in 1690; was at the battle of the Boyne; and at +the siege of Limerick, where he again distinguished himself. In 1691 +he acquired new honours at the siege of Athlone; he also displayed +bravery and judgment at the battle of Aghrim; and on the reduction +of Galway he was appointed governor of that fortress, and took +possession of the town on the 26th of July, with his own and two +other regiments of foot. The rank of major-general was conferred +on this distinguished officer in April, 1692, and he commanded a +brigade under King William in Flanders, in the autumn of that year. +He acquired additional reputation at the battle of Landen, in 1693; +also in the command of a brigade under King William during the +following campaign; and in October, 1694, his Majesty rewarded him +with the rank of lieut.-general. His meritorious conduct procured him +the favour and confidence of his Sovereign, by whom he was employed +on important services. He commanded the camp on the Bruges canal, +in May, 1695; and a division of the covering army was placed under +his orders during the siege of Namur. At the close of the campaign +he was appointed president of the general court-martial which tried +the officers who surrendered Dixmude and Deinse to the enemy, and +sentenced Major-General Ellemberg to be shot. He continued to serve +in the Netherlands until the peace of Ryswick. In 1701 he obtained +the colonelcy of the Queen Dowager's regiment (now second foot) in +exchange with Colonel Selwyn. In 1702 he was second in command of the +British troops in the expedition to Cadiz; and having been charged +with participating in the plunder of Port St. Mary, he was tried by +a court-martial and dismissed the service. His reputation was thus +unfortunately tarnished; but his crime does not appear to have been +considered of a heinous nature, as he was subsequently elected a +member of parliament for the city of Durham; was appointed by Queen +Anne, in 1711, one of the commissioners to inquire into several +particulars respecting the accounts of the army in Spain; and in +June, 1713, he was appointed governor of Berwick. He died on the 14th +of December, 1717. + + +WILLIAM SELWYN. + +_Appointed 28th June, 1701._ + +WILLIAM SELWYN served in the army of the United Provinces of the +Netherlands, in the time of King Charles II., and afterwards held a +commission under the British crown. In 1688 he was nominated captain +and lieut.-colonel in the second foot guards, with which corps he +served in Flanders, and in 1691 King William gave him the colonelcy +of the second foot, vacant by the decease of Lieut.-General Kirke. +He served at the head of his regiment at the battle of Landen on +the 29th of July, 1693, and distinguished himself under the eye of +his sovereign; he also served at the siege of Namur, in the summer +of 1695, and was promoted to the rank of brigadier-general during +the siege. He subsequently commanded a brigade of infantry in the +Netherlands, under King William III., who nominated him governor of +the island of Jamaica. He exchanged to the TWENTY-SECOND regiment in +1701; and was promoted to the rank of major-general on the 10th June, +1702. He died in June, 1702. + + +THOMAS HANDASYD. + +_Appointed 20th June, 1702._ + +After a progressive service in the subordinate commissions, THOMAS +HANDASYD was promoted to the lieut.-colonelcy of the TWENTY-SECOND +regiment, with which corps he proceeded to the island of Jamaica; +and in June, 1702, Queen Anne promoted him to the colonelcy of the +regiment. He served in the West Indies; was advanced to the rank of +brigadier-general in 1705, and to that of major-general in 1710. In +1712, he resigned the colonelcy of the TWENTY-SECOND regiment in +favour of his non. + + +ROGER HANDASYD. + +_Appointed 3rd April, 1712._ + +This Officer served many years in the TWENTY-SECOND regiment, and was +promoted by Queen Anne to the lieut.-colonelcy of that corps, which +he commanded some time at the island of Jamaica. He succeeded his +father in the colonelcy of the regiment in 1712; was removed to the +sixteenth foot in 1730,--promoted to the rank of brigadier-general in +1735,--to that of major-general in 1739,--and to lieut.-general in +1743. He died in 1763. + + +WILLIAM BARRELL. + +_Appointed 25th August, 1730._ + +This officer entered the army in the reign of William III.; he +obtained the rank of captain in 1698, and his distinguished conduct +in the wars of Queen Anne was rewarded with the brevet rank of +colonel on the 1st of January, 1707. In 1715 he was promoted to +the colonelcy of the Twenty-eighth foot; in 1727 he was appointed +brigadier-general; in 1730 he was removed to the TWENTY-SECOND +regiment, and in 1734 to the King's Own. In the following year +he was promoted to the rank of major-general; in 1739 to that of +lieut.-general; and he was also appointed governor of Pendennis +Castle. He died on the 9th of August, 1749. + + +THE HONORABLE JAMES ST. CLAIR. + +_Appointed 30th October, 1734._ + +THE HONORABLE JAMES ST. CLAIR entered the army in the reign of Queen +Anne, and served under the celebrated JOHN DUKE OF MARLBOROUGH. He +was several years an officer in the third foot guards, in which +corps he rose to the commission of major, with the rank of colonel, +and in 1734 King George II. nominated him to the colonelcy of the +TWENTY-SECOND regiment, from which he was removed, in 1737, to the +first, the royal regiment. In 1739 he was promoted to the rank of +brigadier-general; in 1741 to that of major-general; and to that of +lieut.-general in 1745, at which time he was performing the duty of +quartermaster-general in the Netherlands, to the army commanded by +His Royal Highness the Duke of Cumberland. In the following year +he commanded an expedition which was originally designed for the +attack of the French settlements in Canada; but was countermanded, +and afterwards proceeded against the French seaport L'Orient and the +peninsula of Quiberon; no important results were, however, achieved. +He was subsequently employed on an embassy to the courts of Vienna +and Turin.[12] On the decease of his brother, in 1750, he became +entitled to the dignity of Lord Sinclair, a Scottish peerage; but he +preferred a seat in the House of Commons, of which he had been many +years a member, and therefore did not assume the title. In 1761 he +was promoted to the rank of general. He died at Dysart, in November, +1762. + + +JOHN MOYLE. + +_Appointed 27th June, 1737._ + +JOHN MOYLE entered the army in the reign of Queen Anne, and served +with reputation under the celebrated John Duke of Marlborough; he +rose to the lieut.-colonelcy of a newly raised regiment of foot, +and in 1708 was promoted to the rank of colonel in the army. At the +peace of Utrecht his regiment was disbanded. In 1723 King George +I. conferred the colonelcy of the Thirty-sixth regiment on Colonel +Moyle, who was promoted to the rank of brigadier-general in 1727, +and to that of major-general in 1735; in 1737 he was removed to the +TWENTY-SECOND regiment. He died on the 3rd of November, 1738. + + +THOMAS PAGET. + +_Appointed 13th December, 1738._ + +This officer entered the army in the reign of King William III., +and was many years an officer of the eighth horse, now seventh +dragoon guards, with which corps he served under the celebrated John +Duke of Marlborough. On the 1st of August, 1710, he was promoted +to the lieut.-colonelcy of the eighth horse; he was afterwards +lieut.-colonel of the first troop of horse grenadier guards; and in +July, 1732, was nominated colonel of the Thirty-second regiment, from +which he was removed, in 1738, to the TWENTY-SECOND. In 1739 he was +promoted to the rank of brigadier-general. He died on the 28th of +May, 1741. + + +RICHARD O'FARRELL. + +_Appointed 12th August, 1741._ + +RICHARD O'FARRELL was nominated ensign in a regiment of foot on +the 1st of May, 1692; and he served with reputation in the wars of +King William III. and of Queen Anne. On the 20th of December, 1722, +he was promoted to the lieut.-colonelcy of the ninth foot, and he +performed the duties of commanding officer to that corps many years, +with credit to himself and advantage to the service. On the decease +of Brigadier-General Paget, in 1741, King George II. rewarded the +long and faithful services of Lieut.-Colonel O'Farrell with the +colonelcy of the TWENTY-SECOND regiment. In 1746 Colonel O'Farrell +was promoted to the rank of brigadier-general, and in 1754 to that of +major-general. His decease occurred in 1757. + + +EDWARD WHITMORE. + +_Appointed 11th July, 1757._ + +EDWARD WHITMORE entered the army in the reign of King George II., and +serving with distinction in the wars of the Austrian succession, +was promoted to the lieut.-colonelcy of the Thirty-sixth regiment +on the 17th of July, 1747. He performed the duty of commanding +officer of the Thirty-sixth regiment with reputation ten years; +and in July, 1757, King George II. rewarded him with the colonelcy +of the TWENTY-SECOND regiment. He was nominated brigadier-general +in America in December, 1757; in 1758 he commanded a brigade under +Lieut.-General (afterwards Lord) Amherst, in the descent on Cape +Breton, and at the siege and capture of Louisburg, of which fortress +he was afterwards nominated governor. On the 19th of February, 1761, +he was promoted to the rank of major-general. During the following +winter he left Louisburg for Boston; during the voyage the ship +was driven, by severe weather, into the harbour of Plymouth, and +Major-General Whitmore, being on deck, in the night, fell overboard +and was drowned. + + +THE HONORABLE THOMAS GAGE. + +_Appointed 29th March, 1762._ + +THE HONORABLE THOMAS GAGE, second son of Thomas, first Viscount +Gage, of Castle Island, in Ireland, having served some time in the +subordinate commissions, was appointed major of the Forty-fourth +foot in February, 1747; and he was further promoted to the +lieut.-colonelcy of the regiment on the 2nd of March, 1751. He +was serving with his regiment in America, when a dispute occurred +between Great Britain and France respecting the territory on the +banks of the Ohio, and he commanded the advance-guard of the +forces sent against Fort Du Quesne, which the French had built to +command the entrance into the country on the Ohio and Mississippi. +In the disastrous action on the 9th of July, 1755, Major-General +Braddock was killed, and Lieut.-Colonel the Honorable Thomas Gage +was wounded. He continued to serve in America, where he raised a +provincial regiment, which was numbered the eightieth, light-armed +foot, of which he was appointed colonel in May, 1758; he was also +appointed brigadier-general in North America, and the efforts of the +army effected the conquest of Canada, which has continued to form +part of the British dominions from that period. He was promoted +to the rank of major-general in 1761, and in the same year he +performed the duty of Commander-in-Chief in North America, and also +succeeded Sir Jeffrey Amherst as Colonel-in-Chief of the sixtieth +regiment, which he held two months, when Lieut.-General Amherst +was re-appointed. In March, 1762, he was appointed colonel of the +TWENTY-SECOND foot; and in April, 1770, he was promoted to the rank +of lieut.-general. When the misunderstanding between Great Britain +and her North American colonies began to assume a serious aspect, he +was appointed Captain-General and Governor-in-Chief of Massachusetts +Bay, and he arrived at Boston in May, 1774. Hostilities commenced +in the following year, and his active exertions to suppress the +rebellion were rewarded in August, 1775, with the appointment of +Commander-in-Chief in North America, which he resigned in a few +months afterwards. In April, 1782, he was appointed colonel of the +seventeenth light dragoons; he was promoted to the rank of general +in November following, and in 1785 he was removed to the eleventh +dragoons. He died in 1787. + + +CHARLES O'HARA. + +_Appointed 18th April, 1782._ + +CHARLES O'HARA was appointed cornet in the third dragoons in +December, 1752, and in 1756 he was promoted to lieutenant and +captain in the second foot guards. He served in Portugal in 1762, +and performed the duties of quartermaster-general to the army under +Lieut.-General the Earl of Loudoun. In 1769 he was promoted to the +rank of captain and lieut.-colonel; and he served with his regiment +in North America. In the autumn of 1781 he was promoted to the rank +of major-general. He commanded the brigade of foot guards under +Lieut.-General Earl Cornwallis, in Virginia; distinguished himself at +the passage of the Catawba river on the 1st of February, 1781; and +was wounded at the battle of Guildford on the 15th of March. In 1782 +he was nominated to the colonelcy of the TWENTY-SECOND regiment; was +removed to the Seventy-fourth highlanders in 1791, and was advanced +to the rank of lieut.-general in 1793. He commanded the British +troops at Toulon, and was wounded and taken prisoner in an action +with the French republican troops on the 30th of November, 1793. His +services were rewarded with the appointment of governor of Gibraltar, +and in 1798 he was promoted to the rank of general. It is recorded +that he possessed a happy combination of talents; was a brave and +enterprising soldier, a strict disciplinarian, and a polite and +accomplished gentleman. He died at Gibraltar on the 21st of February, +1802. + + +DAVID DUNDAS. + +_Appointed 2nd April, 1791._ + +DAVID DUNDAS was one of the most distinguished officers of the age +in which he lived, for his perfect knowledge of the principles of +military tactics. He commenced his military education at the age +of thirteen in the academy at Woolwich, and at fifteen he assisted +in a survey of Scotland; in 1756 he obtained a commission in the +Fifty-sixth regiment. In 1758 he proceeded with the expedition to +the coast of France as an assistant quartermaster-general; and in +the following year obtained the command of a troop in a newly raised +regiment of light dragoons (Eliott's light horse), now the fifteenth, +or King's hussars. He served with his regiment in Germany in 1760 and +1761; in the following summer he accompanied an expedition to Cuba, +as aide-de-camp to Major-General Eliott, and was actively employed in +the reduction of the Havannah. After the peace he resumed his post in +his regiment, in which he rose to the rank of major; and, urged by an +ardent desire to acquire a perfect knowledge of every branch of his +profession, he obtained permission to proceed to the Continent, to +observe the practice of the French and Austrian armies. In 1775 he +obtained the lieut.-colonelcy of the twelfth light dragoons, joined +the regiment in Ireland shortly afterwards, and in 1778 received the +appointment of quartermaster-general in that country. In 1782 he was +removed to the lieut.-colonelcy of the second Irish horse, now the +fifth dragoon guards. In 1785 he again proceeded to the Continent, +attended the exercises of the Prussian troops during three summers, +and after his return he presented His Majesty with a detailed account +of their evolutions. + +Colonel Dundas, having become a proficient tactician, produced, in +1788, a highly useful work on the principles of military movements, +which became the basis of our army regulations for field exercises +and movements. His abilities obtained for him the favour and +attention of King George III., who appointed him adjutant-general +in Ireland, for the purpose of introducing his system of tactics +into the army of that country. In 1790 Colonel Dundas was promoted +to the rank of major-general. In 1791 he obtained the colonelcy of +the TWENTY-SECOND foot, and in the same year was placed on the Irish +staff, but he resigned that appointment in 1793 to engage in service +of actual warfare. After the commencement of hostilities with the +French republic, Major-General Dundas was employed on a military +mission to the island of Jersey, and was subsequently sent to the +Continent to confer with the Duke of York respecting the siege of +Dunkirk. From Flanders he proceeded to Toulon, where he commanded +under Lieut.-General O'Hara, and when the lieut.-general was taken +prisoner, he succeeded to the command of the garrison. His services +there, although he was ultimately obliged to evacuate the place, +called forth the approbation of his Sovereign and of the British +nation. After abandoning Toulon, he made a descent on Corsica, which +island was reduced and annexed to the British dominions; but shortly +afterwards he received directions to proceed to Flanders, where he +arrived in the spring of 1794, and commanded a brigade of cavalry +at the battle of Tournay on the 22nd of May, 1794. Major-General +Dundas was actively employed in the retreat through Holland, and the +corps under his immediate command gained considerable advantage over +the enemy in two successive actions near Gelder-Malsen; he highly +distinguished himself also in an attack upon the French post at +Thuyl, in December of the same year. He continued with the British +troops in Germany during the summer of 1795, and in December was +appointed colonel of the seventh light dragoons. After his return +to England he was appointed quartermaster-general to the army; and +he composed the celebrated regulations for the field exercises and +movements for the cavalry, which were approved by his Royal Highness +the Duke of York, and by King George III., and ordered to be +exclusively adopted throughout the cavalry. + +In 1799 Lieut.-General Dundas commanded a division of the allied +army under the Duke of York, in the expedition to Holland; he +distinguished himself in several actions with the enemy, and was +highly commended by His Royal Highness in his public despatches. In +1801 he was appointed colonel of the second, or Royal North British +dragoons, and was constituted governor of Fort George. In 1802 he was +promoted to the rank of general; and in the following year, when the +French were preparing to invade England, he was placed in command of +the troops in the southern district, which comprised the counties +of Kent and Sussex. In 1804 he was appointed governor of the Royal +Hospital at Chelsea, and created a Knight of the Bath. On the 18th of +March, 1809, His Majesty was pleased to confer on this distinguished +veteran the appointment of Commander-in-Chief of the army, on the +resignation of Field-Marshal His Royal Highness the Duke of York, +which appointment he held until the 25th of May, 1811, when His Royal +Highness was re-appointed. He was also appointed colonel-in-chief of +the rifle brigade on the 31st of August, 1809. He was promoted to the +colonelcy of the King's dragoon guards on the 27th of January, 1813. +He died in 1820, after a distinguished service of upwards of sixty +years. + + +WILLIAM CROSBIE. + +_Appointed 23rd December, 1795._ + +After serving in the subordinate commissions, WILLIAM CROSBIE was +nominated captain of a company in the Twenty-eighth regiment, on +the 9th of May, 1769; and in October, 1778, he was promoted to the +majority of the seventh Royal Fusiliers, with which corps he served +in the Carolinas; in April, 1781, he obtained the lieut.-colonelcy +of the TWENTY-SECOND regiment. While stationed at Windsor in 1785, +he obtained the permission of King George III. for the introduction +of an order of merit in the corps, which under his command obtained +a high reputation for correct discipline. He was promoted to the +rank of colonel in 1790; and in 1793 received a letter of service for +raising the Eighty-ninth regiment, of which he was appointed colonel. +In 1794 he was advanced to the rank of major-general, and was removed +to the TWENTY-SECOND regiment in 1795. He died on the 16th of June, +1798, at Portsmouth, of which fortress he was lieut.-governor at the +time of his decease. + + +JOHN GRAVES SIMCOE. + +_Appointed 18th June, 1798._ + +JOHN GRAVES SIMCOE, son of Captain Simcoe of the Royal Navy, evinced +great talent from his youth. It is recorded that, when a boy, he was +taken prisoner at sea, and conveyed up the river St. Lawrence, to +Quebec; and he constructed a chart of the river, which was given to +Major-General Wolfe, who sailed with an expedition against Quebec, +in 1759. On the 27th of April, 1770, he was appointed ensign in the +Thirty-fifth regiment, with which corps he served at Boston, in +1775; he was appointed captain in the fortieth regiment in December, +1775, and served at Long Island and New York in 1776, and in the +expedition to Pennsylvania in 1777, when he distinguished himself at +the battle of Brandywine, and was wounded. In October of the same +year, he was placed at the head of a provincial corps, called "The +Queen's Rangers," with the rank of major-commandant, and was promoted +to the rank of lieut.-colonel in 1778. His services with this corps +are spoken of by Lieut.-General Sir Henry Clinton, in a letter to +Lord George Germaine, in the following terms:--"Lieut.-Colonel Simcoe +has been at the head of a battalion since October, 1777, and since +that time he has been perpetually with the advance of the army. +The history of the corps under his command is a series of gallant, +skilful, and successful enterprises against the enemy, without a +single reverse. The Queen's Rangers have killed, or taken, twice +their own numbers. Colonel Simcoe himself has been thrice wounded; +and I do not scruple to assert, that his successes have been no less +the fruit of the most extensive knowledge of his profession which +study and the experience within his reach could give him, than of +the most watchful attention and shining courage." After repeatedly +distinguishing himself in North and South Carolina, and Virginia, +he was included in the capitulation of York Town, and returned to +England in a state of debility from excessive exertion, &c. In 1790 +he was promoted to the rank of colonel, and in the following year +raised a corps of infantry called the Queen's Rangers, of which he +was appointed colonel on the 1st of September, 1791. He subsequently +proceeded to the West Indies, where he evinced the same talent, +energy, and courage which shone so conspicuously in the American war. +In 1794 he was promoted to the rank of major-general, and in 1796 to +the local rank of lieut.-general in the island of St. Domingo. In +January, 1798, he was appointed Colonel of the Eighty-first regiment, +and was removed, in June following, to the TWENTY-SECOND regiment, +the colonelcy of which corps he retained until his decease in 1806. + + +SIR JAMES H. CRAIG, K.B. + +_Appointed 30th October, 1806._ + +JAMES HENRY CRAIG was appointed ensign in the thirtieth foot, in +1763, and served with his regiment at Gibraltar; in 1771 he was +promoted to captain in the Forty-seventh regiment, with which +corps he served several campaigns in America; and in 1777 he was +promoted to the majority, and in 1781 to the lieut.-colonelcy, of +the Eighty-second regiment, from which he was removed, in 1783, to +the sixteenth. He was promoted to the rank of colonel in 1790, and +to that of major-general in 1794; in 1795 he was nominated to the +colonelcy of the Forty-sixth regiment: he was advanced to the rank of +lieut.-general in 1801, and removed to the Eighty-sixth in 1804. He +commanded an expedition to the Mediterranean, in 1805, with the local +rank of general, and the dignity of a knight of the Bath; the troops +under his orders landed at Naples, and subsequently took possession +of the island of Sicily. In 1806 he was removed to the TWENTY-SECOND +regiment; and in 1807 he was appointed governor of Upper and Lower +Canada, with the local rank of general in America; in 1809 he was +removed to the Seventy-eighth Highlanders. He was also appointed +governor of Blackness Castle. He died on the 12th of January, 1812. + + +THE HONORABLE EDWARD FINCH. + +_Appointed 18th September, 1809._ + +In 1778 the HONORABLE EDWARD FINCH was appointed cornet in the +eleventh light dragoons, and in 1779 he was promoted to a lieutenancy +in the Eighty-seventh foot. He embarked for the West Indies, in +January, 1780, and served there, and in North America, until 1782, +when he returned to England, and was appointed lieutenant and captain +in the second foot guards; in 1792 he was promoted to captain +and lieut.-colonel in the same corps. He served the campaigns of +1793 and 1794, in Flanders, under His Royal Highness the Duke of +York, and shared in the several actions in which the foot guards +distinguished themselves. In 1796 he was promoted to the rank of +colonel, and in 1799 he commanded the first battalion of his regiment +in the expedition to Holland, where he served in several actions +under Lieut.-General Sir Ralph Abercromby and His Royal Highness +the Duke of York. He commanded the brigade of light cavalry in the +expedition to Egypt, in 1800, with the rank of brigadier-general, and +was promoted to the rank of major-general, in January, 1801. After +commanding the light cavalry in Egypt some time, he was placed at +the head of a brigade of infantry, and was honored with the Order of +the Crescent from the Grand Seignior. He commanded a brigade of foot +guards in the expedition to Hanover in 1805; and in 1807 he commanded +a brigade at the capture of Copenhagen. In 1808 he was promoted to +the rank of lieut.-general, and appointed colonel of the Fifty-fourth +regiment, and in 1809 he was removed to the TWENTY-SECOND. He was +promoted to the rank of general in 1819. His decease occurred on the +27th of October, 1843. + + +SIR CHARLES JAMES NAPIER, G.C.B. + +_Appointed 21st November, 1843._ + +The following Regimental Order was issued by Major-General Sir +Charles Napier, upon his appointment by Her Majesty to the Colonelcy +of the TWENTY-SECOND Regiment. + + "TWENTY-SECOND! + + Her Majesty has been graciously pleased to place me at your head, + and I shall end my military career wearing the uniform of the + Regiment. Your Glory must be my Glory, and well I know it will + increase, when you have again an opportunity to use your Arms! + Never were the Musket and Bayonet wielded by stronger men, nor + were the Royal Colours of England ever confided to more intrepid + Soldiers! + + "Many General Officers have been made Colonels of Regiments that + they had formerly commanded, and with whose glory their own fame + is associated; but old Comrades have passed away,--to the new men, + they are strangers,--and nought remains to bind them to their + Regiments, but Memory and Renown! My good fortune has been greater, + for while I rejoice in the past and present honors of my old Corps, + the Fiftieth Regiment, I am, as Colonel of the TWENTY-SECOND, + placed among men at whose head I have so lately fought, and to + whose valour I owe so much!! + + "Soldiers, we are not men without feeling as _pseudo_ Philosophers + pretend! Obedience, Discipline, War, they deprive us not of Manly + sentiments. I shall always have the strongest attachment to the + corps with whom I have served, and among the honors won for me by + the Army of Scinde, the greatest is that of being your Colonel!! + + (Signed) "C. J. NAPIER, _Major-General_, + "_Colonel 22nd Regiment_. + + "_Kurrachee, 23rd January, 1844._" + +The following Postscript to the Official letter to Major-General +Sir Charles Napier, announcing his appointment as Colonel of +the TWENTY-SECOND Regiment, was in the _Duke of Wellington's own +hand-writing_:-- + + "P.S. I recommended this arrangement to Her Majesty, principally + on the ground that it would be satisfactory to you, as this was + the only one of Her Majesty's Regiments in India engaged in the + two glorious battles fought at _Meeanee_ and _Hyderabad_, in + _Scinde_; and Her Majesty was graciously pleased to approve of the + recommendation on that ground." + + + LONDON: + Printed by WILLIAM CLOWES and SONS, Stamford Street, + For Her Majesty's Stationery Office. + + +FOOTNOTE: + +[12] David Hume, the historian, was secretary to General St. Clair, +during the expedition to the coast of France, and the embassy to +Vienna and Turin. + + + + + TRANSCRIBER'S NOTE + + Obvious typographical errors and punctuation errors have been + corrected after careful comparison with other occurrences within + the text and consultation of external sources. + + Except for those changes noted below, all misspellings in the text, + and inconsistent or archaic usage, have been retained. + + Pg xxix: 'thence to Portmouth' replaced by 'thence to Portsmouth'. + Pg 34: 'a deperate dash' replaced by 'a desperate dash'. + Pg 41: 'stanch and true' replaced by 'staunch and true'. + Pg 45: 'until its recal' replaced by 'until its recall'. + Pg 52: 'Anne to that' replaced by 'Anne to the'. + Pg 59: '27th of Januuary' replaced by '27th of January'. + + +*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK HISTORICAL RECORD OF THE +TWENTY-SECOND, OR THE CHESHIRE REGIMENT OF FOOT *** + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will +be renamed. + +Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright +law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, +so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the +United States without permission and without paying copyright +royalties. 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