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+The Project Gutenberg eBook of Watson's Jeffersonian Magazine, (Vol. III,
+No. 1), January, 1909, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and
+most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions
+whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms
+of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at
+www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you
+will have to check the laws of the country where you are located before
+using this eBook.
+
+Title: Watson's Jeffersonian Magazine, (Vol. III, No. 1), January, 1909
+
+Author: Various
+        Tom Dolan
+        Zarion E. Weigle
+        Frank E. Anderson
+        Walter Eden
+
+Release Date: February 16, 2021 [eBook #64569]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: UTF-8
+
+Produced by: hekula03 and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at
+             https://www.pgdp.net (This book was produced from images made
+             available by the HathiTrust Digital Library.)
+
+*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK WATSON'S JEFFERSONIAN MAGAZINE,
+(VOL. III, NO. 1), JANUARY, 1909 ***
+
+
+
+
+Transcriber’s Notes:
+
+  Underscores “_” before and after a word or phrase indicate _italics_
+    in the original text.
+  Equal signs “=” before and after a word or phrase indicate =bold=
+    in the original text.
+  Small capitals have been converted to SOLID capitals.
+  Illustrations have been moved so they do not break up paragraphs.
+  Antiquated spellings have been preserved.
+  Typographical errors have been silently corrected.
+  The Table of Contents was modified to make it agree with the page
+    numbers.
+
+
+
+
+                            _WATSON BOOKS_
+
+                   *       *       *       *       *
+
+    _Story of France_,  _2 volumes_,                         _$3.50_
+
+         In the Story of France you will find a history of Chivalry,
+       of the Crusades, of Joan of Arc, of the Ancien Regime, of the
+       French Revolution.
+    _Premium for 6 Subscribers to either Jeffersonian, at $1.00 each_
+
+                   *       *       *       *       *
+
+    _Napoleon_                                               _1.75_
+    _Premium for 4 Subscribers to either Jeffersonian, at $1.00 each_
+
+                   *       *       *       *       *
+
+    _Life and Times of Thomas Jefferson_                     _1.75_
+
+       In the Life of Jefferson you will learn what democratic
+       principles are, and you will learn much history, to the credit
+       of the South and West, which the New England writers left out.
+    _Premium for 4 Subscribers to either Jeffersonian, at $1.00 each_
+
+                   *       *       *       *       *
+
+    _Bethany_,
+             _A Study of the Causes of the Civil War
+              and a love story of a Confederate Volunteer_.
+                                                             _1.25_
+    _Premium for 3 Subscribers to either Jeffersonian, at $1.00 each_
+
+
+
+
+                               WATSON’S
+                         JEFFERSONIAN MAGAZINE
+
+             Vol. III         JANUARY, 1909         No. 1
+
+
+
+
+CONTENTS
+
+
+    FRONTISPIECE                        Sidney Lanier        4
+
+    EDITORIALS                                               5
+        An Estimate of Abraham Lincoln—Why Mr. Bryan
+        can Never be President—Foreign Missions—Treasure
+        Trove—The Passing of Lucy and Rollo.
+
+    A SURVEY OF THE WORLD               Tom Dolan           29
+    THE BELLS—A Poem                   Zarion E. Weigle     44
+    THE PIPE OF ZAIDEE                  Frank E. Anderson   45
+    EDUCATIONAL DEPARTMENT                                  53
+    MONEY IS KING                       Walter Eden         56
+    A DWELLER WITH THE PAST—A Poem     Ricardo Minor        61
+    CLIPPINGS FROM EXCHANGES                                62
+    THE LAMB AND THE RAIN—A Poem       Ada A. Mosher        67
+    LETTERS FROM THE PEOPLE                                 68
+    BOOK REVIEWS                                            72
+
+                        Published Monthly by
+                           THOS. E. WATSON
+
+                 Temple Court Building, Atlanta, Ga.
+    $1.00 Per Year                                 10 Cents Per Copy
+
+                 WESTERN ADVERTISING REPRESENTATIVE:
+                    CHICAGO SUBSCRIPTION OFFICE:
+
+          Wm. E. Herman,     112 Dearborn St.,   Chicago, Ill.
+          The M. Raftery Co., 84 Washington St., Chicago, Ill.
+
+            _Entered as second class matter December 21,
+             1906, at the Post Office at Atlanta, Ga._
+
+[Illustration: SYDNEY LANIER]
+
+
+
+
+                               WATSON’S
+                         JEFFERSONIAN MAGAZINE
+
+             Vol. III         JANUARY, 1909         No. 1
+
+
+
+
+EDITORIALS
+
+
+An Estimate of Abraham Lincoln
+
+(_The Editor of a Northern magazine applied to me for an article on
+Abraham Lincoln._
+
+_After some hesitation, I decided to comply with the request. In
+doing so, my rule of_ SAYING WHAT I THINK _was followed. Mr.
+Lincoln was “sized up”, just as I would try to measure the proportions
+of Cromwell, of Robert Bruce or of Gladstone, or any other historical
+character._
+
+_But the Northern editor was “afraid” my article would stir up
+“sectional feeling.” He, therefore, returned it with the polite letter
+which follows._
+
+_Whosoever reads this rejected Lincoln article, which the Jeffersonian
+Magazine now presents, will probably feel some surprise that so
+liberal an estimate of Mr. Lincoln was ruled out, as contraband, by a
+non-political Northern magazine._
+
+_It is proper for me to say that so much of the article as follows the
+paragraph in which the South’s feeling toward Mr. Lincoln is expressed,
+was written after the MS came back. Even with these additions, I fear
+that my Northern brother would have been afraid to publish my estimate
+of Lincoln._
+
+    “_New York, November 21, 1908._
+
+“_The Hon. Thomas E. Watson,_
+
+“_Dear Sir: We have read your estimate of Abraham Lincoln. We tried
+our best to figure out some way by which it could be shaped around in
+a manner that would be suitable for our magazine. You see, first of
+all, in dealing with Lincoln or any Civil War subject we cannot afford
+in any way to stir up sectional feeling. I am afraid your article is
+open to criticism in this respect. If you were only in New York, and we
+could go over this thing personally, I have no doubt but what we might
+frame up an article that would be mutually satisfactory. The time is
+so limited that I suppose we will just have to give it up. Yours very
+truly,_
+
+                                             _Editorial Department._”)
+
+When the editor of —— Magazine applied to me for an article on
+Abraham Lincoln, my first inclination was to decline the commission.
+Although it is high time that some one should strike a note of sanity
+in the universal laudation of Mr. Lincoln, a Southern man is not,
+perhaps, the proper person to do it. On further consideration, however,
+it occurred to me that my position was radically different from that of
+any other public man in the South. People on the other side of Mason
+and Dixon’s line cannot be ignorant or oblivious of the fact that for
+the last twenty years I have waged warfare upon the Bourbonism of my
+own section and the narrowness of my own people. In every possible
+way I have appealed to them to rise above sectional prejudice and
+party bigotry. While I, myself, have suffered terribly during this
+long series of years, some good has followed my work. Twenty years
+ago, a white man in the South who openly professed himself a member
+of the Republican party was socially ostracised. Every one realizes
+how completely that state of things has been revolutionized,—we see
+it in the heavy Republican vote cast in Southern States in the recent
+election; we see it in the ovations given to Mr. Roosevelt and to Mr.
+Taft in the Southern cities.
+
+My part in bringing about this change for the better is so well known
+in the North that no well informed man or woman will attribute to
+sectionalism anything in my estimate of Mr. Lincoln which may appear to
+be harsh or unjust.
+
+Let us see to what extent the adulation of Mr. Lincoln has gone.
+
+In Harper’s Weekly for November 7th, 1908, a British gentleman of the
+name of P. D. Ross offers to amend the high estimate which Colonel
+Harvey had already placed upon Mr. Lincoln by classing our martyred
+President as “The greatest man the world has produced.” Colonel Harvey
+soberly accepts the amendment,—thus Miss Ida Tarbell is left far
+behind, and Hay and Nicolay eclipsed.
+
+One of the more recent biographers of Mr. Lincoln hotly denounced as
+untrue the statement that “He used to sit around and tell anecdotes
+like a traveling man.”
+
+Do we not all remember how, as children, we were fascinated with the
+story of “The Scottish Chiefs”, by Miss Jane Porter? Did not the Sir
+William Wallace of that good lady’s romance appeal to us as a perfect
+hero, an ideal knight, exemplifying in himself the loftiest type of
+chivalry? Yet, when we grew to be older, we were not surprised to learn
+that Sir Walter Scott—certainly a good judge of such matters, and
+certainly a patriotic Scotchman—wrathfully and contemptuously found
+fault with Miss Porter because she had made “a fine gentleman” out of a
+great, rugged, national hero. Every well balanced American, North and
+South, ought to feel the same way toward those authors who take Abraham
+Lincoln into their hands, dress him up, tone him down, polish him and
+change him until he is no longer the same man.
+
+The outpouring of Lincolnian eulogy which will greet the country in
+February will probably be all of a sort—indiscriminate praise—each
+orator and speaker straining and struggling to carry the high water
+mark of laudation higher than it has ever yet gone.
+
+_Let us study Mr. Lincoln with an earnest desire to find out what he
+was._ Let it be remembered that the biography of him written by his
+law partner, Mr. Herndon, was that biography in which the best picture
+of him might have been expected. His law partner was his friend,
+personally and politically. It was that law partner who converted him
+to abolitionism. To the task of writing the biography of the deceased
+member of the firm, Mr. Herndon brought devotion to the memory of a man
+whom he had respected and loved; yet, being honest, he told the truth
+about Mr. Lincoln,—painting his portrait with the warts on. _The fact
+that this record, written by a sorrowing friend, was destroyed_, and a
+spurious, after-thought Herndon biography put in its place, must always
+be a fact worthy of serious consideration.
+
+I can imagine one of the reasons for the suppression of Herndon’s
+original manuscript when I note, with amusement, the vigor and
+indignation with which a later biographer defends Mr. Lincoln from the
+terrible accusation of “sitting around and telling anecdotes to amuse a
+crowd.”
+
+Those who take the least pains to ascertain the facts as to Mr.
+Lincoln’s story telling habits soon convince themselves that nothing
+said upon the subject could well be an exaggeration. In his day, the
+broadest, vulgarest anecdotes were current in the South and West, and
+thousands of public men, who ought to have been ashamed of themselves
+for doing so, made a practice of repeating these stories to juries
+in the court house, to crowds on the hustings, and to groups in the
+streets, stores and hotels.
+
+Upon one occasion, while I was in conversation with Thomas H. Tibbles,
+a surviving personal acquaintance of John Brown and Abraham Lincoln, I
+interrogated him eagerly as to both. Directing his attention to this
+matter of Mr. Lincoln’s alleged fondness for the relation of smutty
+stories, Mr. Tibbles very promptly replied that the very first time
+he ever saw Mr. Lincoln he was directed to his room in the hotel by a
+series of bursts of loud laughter. Mr. Tibbles’ curiosity was aroused
+by the continuous hilarity which resounded from this particular room
+and he went to it. There he found a great, long, raw-boned man seated
+in a chair with his big feet up on the table, telling smutty yarns to a
+circle of men who were exploding with laughter at the end of each story.
+
+Every man must be judged by the standards of his time. People of
+elegance and refinement, according to the standards of the Elizabethan
+age, listened to comedies which were considered in good taste then, but
+which would not be tolerated in any decent community now. The manners
+of the West and of the rural South in Mr. Lincoln’s day, were quite
+different from what they are now. Even now, however, there are men who
+call themselves gentlemen, and women who think they are ladies, that
+make a specialty of cultivating a talent for the relation of doubtful
+stories. The fact that Mr. Lincoln let his gift of entertainment and
+his fondness for the humorous lead him down to the low plane of his
+audience does not by any means indicate a defect of heart or mind. As a
+lawyer and as a politician, it was a part of his business to cultivate
+popularity. He made friends in just such circles as that into which
+Mr. Tibbles walked. The men who laughed with Mr. Lincoln, enjoying the
+inimitable way in which he related anecdotes, naturally warmed to him,
+and they gave him verdicts and votes.
+
+Mr. P. D. Ross, Editor of the Ottawa (Canada) _National_, claims that
+Mr. Lincoln was “The greatest man the world has produced”, and the
+editor of _Harper’s Weekly_ soberly falls into line.
+
+Well, there should be some standard by which one is enabled to measure
+a man’s greatness. Mr. Lincoln was a lawyer, a statesman, and a chief
+magistrate of a republic. In each of these capacities let us see what
+was his rank.
+
+Does any one claim that he was the greatest lawyer that ever lived?
+Surely not. There is not the slightest doubt that Mr. Lincoln was a
+famous verdict getter. He could do about as much with a jury as any
+advocate in the West, but he certainly never won any court house
+victories that were more famous than those of Dan Voorhees, Emory
+Storrs, Bob Ingersoll, Matt Carpenter, Sargent Prentiss, Robert Toombs
+and of scores of other lawyers who could easily be named. In knowledge
+of the law, force of mental power of the judicial sort,—such as Chief
+Justice John Marshall and Daniel Webster and Rufus Choate had,—does
+anybody for a moment claim that Mr. Lincoln out-ranks all other
+lawyers? Surely not. He is not to be named in the same class as Reverdy
+Johnson, Jeremiah Black, or Senator Edmunds, Charles O’Connor,—to say
+nothing of Jeremiah Mason, of Massachusetts, and Luther Martin, of
+Maryland, William Pinckney, of the same State, and Edmund Randolph, of
+Virginia.
+
+Mr. Lincoln served in Congress. Did he cut any figure there? None
+whatever. He appeared to be out of his element. His Congressional
+record is not to be compared to that of Thaddeus Stevens or Stephen
+A. Douglas. We look into the lives of such men as Benjamin Franklin,
+the elder Adams, of Thomas Jefferson, of Clay, Calhoun and Webster,
+of Alexander Hamilton and George Washington, and there is no trouble
+in finding _their_ foot-prints on the sands of time; but in the
+achievements of statesmanship _where are the foot-prints of Mr.
+Lincoln_? You will look into the statute-books in vain to find them.
+We have a great financial policy, born of the creative, forceful
+statesmanship of Alexander Hamilton and Henry Clay; we have a great
+protective system, owing its origin to the same two statesmen; we have
+a great homestead policy, which owes its birth to Andrew Johnson, of
+Tennessee; we have a great national policy of internal improvements,
+but Mr. Lincoln was not its father. _Consequently, there is not a
+single national line of policy which owes its paternity to this
+statesman whom Mr. Ross classes as “The greatest man the world has
+produced.”_
+
+In the State of Illinois, compare Mr. Lincoln’s work with Mr.
+Jefferson’s work in the State of Virginia. Did Mr. Lincoln leave his
+impress any where upon the established order in Illinois? I have never
+heard of it. In Virginia, Jefferson found the church and state united,
+both taxing the people and dividing the spoils. Mr. Jefferson divorced
+the church from the state, confiscated the church’s ill-gotten wealth,
+devoting it to charitable and educational purposes; and put an end to
+legalized religious intolerance. In Virginia there was a land monopoly,
+perpetuated by entails and primogenitures. Mr. Jefferson made war
+upon it, broke it up, and thus overthrew the local aristocracy. He
+formulated a school system and established in America its first modern
+college. Can anything which Mr. Lincoln, the statesman, did in Illinois
+compare with Mr. Jefferson’s work in Virginia?
+
+So far as national statesmanship is concerned, Mr. Lincoln is not to
+be classed with either of “The Great Trio”, nor with Mr. Jefferson,
+nor with Alexander Hamilton. Each of the five named were statesmen of
+the first order, possessing original, creative ability in that field
+of work. There is no evidence whatever that Mr. Lincoln possessed that
+talent.
+
+It must be, then, as chief magistrate of the republic that he won the
+title of “great.” That, in fact, is the case. He was a great chief
+executive. As such, he deserves immortality. Because he sealed his
+work with his life-blood, his memory will always be sacred. But, is
+it absolutely certain that no other American would have succeeded in
+piloting the vessel of state through the storm of the Civil War? Is
+it quite certain that Stephen A. Douglas, himself, would not have
+succeeded where Mr. Lincoln succeeded? Who knows and can dogmatically
+say that Thaddeus Stevens or Oliver Morton, or Zach Chandler, or Ben
+Wade could not have done it? What was it that Mr. Lincoln did during
+the Civil War that was so much greater and grander than what might have
+been expected from Andrew Jackson in the same crisis? Somehow I fail
+to see it. He did not lose courage, but there were brave men before
+Agamemnon, and the world has never been lacking in heroic types that
+stand forth and meet emergencies.
+
+In studying Mr. Lincoln’s course during the Civil War we can discover
+a great deal of patience, a great deal of tact, a great deal of
+diplomacy, a great deal of determination to win, a great deal of
+consecration to patriotic duty. He struck the right key-note when he
+said that he was fighting not to free the negroes but to preserve the
+Union. This insight into the situation which enabled him to take the
+strongest possible position showed political genius of a high order.
+This alone would entitle him to be classed as a great statesman, a
+great chief magistrate, a great national leader.
+
+When we calmly reflect upon what he had to do, and the means which
+were at his command for doing it, we see nothing in the result that
+borders upon the miraculous. All the advantage was on his side. The
+fire-eaters of the South played into his hands beautifully. They were
+so very blind to what was necessary for their success that they even
+surrendered possession of Washington City, when they might just as
+well have held it and rushed their troops to it, thus making sure not
+only of Baltimore, but of the whole State of Maryland—to say nothing
+of the enormous moral advantage of holding possession of the capital
+of the nation. It was a clever strategy which, while talking peace,
+adopted those measures which compelled the Confederate authorities
+to fire upon the flag at Fort Sumter. But that most effective bit of
+strategy appears to have had its birth in the fertile brain of William
+H. Seward. The diplomacy which kept dangling before the eyes of the
+border states the promise to pay for the slaves until the necessity of
+duping the waverers had passed, was clever in its way; but there is
+no evidence that the fine Italian hand of Mr. Seward was not in this
+policy also.
+
+After the battle of Bull Run, Congress passed a resolution declaring
+that the war was being waged for the sole purpose of preserving the
+Union, and that the Federal Government had no intention of interfering
+with slavery. This was subtle politics and it had the desired effect
+upon the doubtful Southern States; but there is no evidence that Mr.
+Lincoln was the first to suggest the resolution.
+
+Was Mr. Lincoln sincere in making the beautiful and touching plea for
+peace, in his first inaugural? Unquestionably. Yet he would make no
+concessions, nor encourage any efforts at reconciliation. He opposed
+the Crittenden Compromise, which demanded no sacrifice of principle
+by the North and which surrendered much that had been claimed by the
+South. Of the 1,200,000 square miles of public domain, the Southern
+leaders offered to close 900,000 square miles to slavery, leaving it
+to the people of the remaining 300,000 square miles to decide for or
+against slavery when they came to frame their state constitutions.
+Democrats, North and South, favored this Compromise. The Republicans
+rejected it. Then, the last hope of peaceable settlement was gone.
+
+Mr. Lincoln threw his influence as President-elect against the Peace
+Congress, and rejected the South’s offer to adjust the sectional
+differences by a restoration and extension of the old Missouri
+Compromise line.
+
+The proclamation in which Mr. Lincoln assured the seceding states that
+slavery should not be disturbed provided the insurgents laid down
+their arms by the 1st of January, 1863, proves that Mr. Lincoln is
+not entitled to the very great credit that is given him for signing
+the Emancipation Act. Mr. Lincoln was never a rabid abolitionist, and
+was an eleventh hour man, at that; he bore none of the brunt of the
+pioneers’ fight; he could show no such scars as Wendell Phillips and
+Lloyd Garrison and Cassius M. Clay carried; he never ran the risk of
+becoming a martyr, like Lovejoy; he stood aside, a good Whig, until
+the abolition movement was sweeping his own section, and then he fell
+into line with it like a practical, sensible, adjustable politician. He
+himself joked about the manner in which Thaddeus Stevens, Benjamin Wade
+and Charles Sumner nagged at him from week to week, and month to month,
+because of his luke-warmness in the matter of emancipation. Of and
+concerning those three more rabid abolitionists, Mr. Lincoln told his
+somewhat celebrated anecdote of the little Sunday School boy and those
+“same three damn fellows, Shadrach, Meshach and Abednego.”
+
+Not until it became a military necessity to do it, did Mr. Lincoln
+sign the Emancipation Act. Therefore, his hand having been forced
+by military policy rather than by the dictates of philanthropy, it
+does not seem just to class him with the crusaders of the abolition
+government.
+
+If he meant what he said in his famous letter to Alexander H. Stephens,
+if he meant what he said even in his last inaugural,—to say nothing
+of the first,—it was never Lincoln’s intention to go farther than to
+combat the South in her efforts to extend slavery into the free states
+and territories.
+
+In guiding the non-seceding states through the perils of civil strife,
+Mr. Lincoln’s position was never so difficult as was that of Mazarin,
+nor that of Richelieu; not so difficult as that of Cromwell; not so
+difficult as that of William the Silent, or William of Orange, and very
+much less difficult than that of the younger Pitt,-“the pilot that
+weathered the storm” of the revolutionary and Napoleonic wars. Mr.
+Lincoln’s achievements as chief magistrate and as a statesman certainly
+do not outrank those of George Washington, nor even those of Cavour,
+to whom modern Italy owes her existence; nor of Bismarck, creator of
+the German Empire. _Finally, it should be remembered that the South was
+combating the Spirit of the Age and the Conscience of Mankind._ This
+fact lightened Mr. Lincoln’s task, immensely.
+
+How do the people of the South feel toward Lincoln? Kindly. We
+honor his memory. We think that he was broad-minded, free from
+vindictiveness, free from sectionalism, free from class-hatred. We
+think he was a strong man, a sagacious man, and a very determined man.
+We have always regarded his assassination as the worst blow the South
+got after Appomattox. We think that he, alone, could have stemmed the
+torrent of sectional hatred, and could have worked out a simple plan of
+restoring the seceding states to the Union which would have reunited
+the family without that carnival of debauchery and crime known as the
+“Reconstruction period.”
+
+We think that the man who made the appeal to the South which he made
+in his first inaugural, and the man who at Gettysburg, soon after
+the battle, praised the courage of the troops who made the effort to
+storm such heights as those, and who on the night of Lee’s surrender
+called upon the bands to play “Dixie,” was not a bitter partizan of the
+Thaddeus Stevens stripe, who, after the guns had been stacked and the
+flags furled, would have used all of the tremendous and irresistible
+power of the Federal Government to humiliate, outrage, despoil and
+drive to desperation a people who were already in the dust.
+
+It is not true that Mr. Lincoln offered generous terms to the South
+at the Hampton Roads Conference. He did not say to the Confederate
+Commissioners, “Write the word ‘_Union_’ first and you may write
+whatever you please after that.”
+
+It is not true that he offered payment for the slaves.
+
+The official reports made to both Governments, as well as Mr. Stephens’
+story of the celebrated Conference, conclusively prove that Mr.
+Lincoln demanded the unconditional surrender of the Confederacy as a
+preliminary to any discussion of terms.
+
+In fact, at the close of the Conference of four hours, Mr. R. M. T.
+Hunter, one of the Confederate Commissioners, feelingly complained of
+the harshness and humiliation involved in the “unconditional surrender”
+demanded of the seceding states.
+
+Mr. Lincoln declined to commit himself, _officially_, to the
+proposition that the South, by laying down her arms and submitting to
+the restoration of the national authority throughout her limits, could
+resume her former relations to the Government. _Personally_, he thought
+she could. He refused _officially_ to commit himself on the subject of
+paying the slave-owners for their slaves. _Personally_, he was willing
+to be taxed for that purpose, and he _believed_ that the Northern
+people held the same views. He knew of some who favored a Congressional
+appropriation of $400,000,000 for that purpose. But give any pledges?
+Oh, no. The Confederacy must first abolish itself,—_then_ there would
+be a discussion of terms!
+
+Fort Fisher, North Carolina, had recently fallen; the Confederacy was
+reeling under the shock of repeated disaster, the thin battle lines of
+the Gray were almost exhausted,—and Mr. Lincoln was now certain that
+secession was doomed.
+
+In the “Recollections” of J. R. Gilmore, there is a curious account
+of an informal mission undertaken by himself and Col. J. F. Jaquess
+for the purpose of ending the war. According to Gilmore, he went to
+Washington, had an interview with Mr. Lincoln, and drew from him a
+statement of the terms which he was willing to offer the Confederate
+Government.
+
+The gist of his several propositions was that the Confederacy should
+dissolve, the armies disband, the seceding states acknowledge national
+authority and come back into Congress with their representatives, that
+slavery should be abolished and that $500,000,000 be paid the South for
+the slaves. This was in June 1864.
+
+Gilmore and Colonel Jaquess were given passage through the lines,
+went to Richmond and saw Mr. Davis. After listening to the unofficial
+proposals of the self-appointed envoys, Mr. Davis declared that the
+South was not struggling to maintain slavery, but to make good “_our
+right to govern ourselves_.”
+
+As the terms offered took away this fundamental right from the South,
+Mr. Davis declined to treat.
+
+How hopeless, at that time, must have seemed the cause for which
+Jefferson Davis stood! How eternally assured that of Mr. Lincoln!
+Yet, see how old Father Time works his miracles,—the Jefferson Davis
+principle has risen from the ashes, a very Phoenix of life immortal.
+The Lincoln position has been abandoned by the Party which made him
+its first President. The cause of Home Rule is stronger throughout the
+world than when the fugitive President of the broken Confederacy faced
+his official family, at its last Cabinet meeting, in the village of
+Washington, Georgia, and asked, despairingly, “_Is it all over?_”
+
+The hateful Amendments, which struck so foul and cruel a blow at “our
+right to govern ourselves,” are now nothing more than monuments reared
+by political partisans to their own vindictive passions. The better
+element throughout the North would be glad to forget them. They have
+been distorted by the Federal Judiciary and have proven to be a curse
+to the whole country, in that they are the refuge of the corporations
+which plunder the people.
+
+Republican leaders look on, acquiescent, while state after state that
+seceded from the Union puts into practice the principle for which the
+South fought in the Civil War,—the right to regulate our own domestic
+concerns.
+
+A Republican President has made an Ex-Confederate soldier the official
+head of the military establishment of the United States; a Republican
+President has stood his ground against negro resentment upon the
+proposition that the South may disfranchise the negroes if she likes; a
+Republican President-elect manfully held the same position throughout a
+heated campaign in which niggerites and Bryanites assaulted both Taft
+and Roosevelt because of this pro-Southern attitude.
+
+“_We are fighting, not for slavery, but for the right to govern
+ourselves._” So said our President; so said our Statesmen; so said our
+soldiers; so said our civilians. And today we are vindicated.
+
+The insanest war in history, as one studies it, is seen to have been
+fought for a principle which both sides now admit to have been right,
+and which Mr. Lincoln repeatedly and most earnestly declared was right,
+before a shot was fired.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+Why Mr. Bryan Can Never Be President
+
+In 1896, it cost the Republicans six million dollars to defeat Bryan;
+in 1900, it cost them four millions; in 1908, they “beat him to a
+frazzle” with less than two millions.
+
+In 1896, every chance was in his favor; he was young, handsome,
+magnetic, eloquent, without a stain on his record. In the general
+enthusiasm aroused by his “crown-of-thorns, cross-of-gold” speech,
+people did not give heed to the craftiness and selfishness of the
+Bland delegate who used Bland’s name as a stalking horse to get the
+nomination for himself. For twenty years Richard P. Bland had labored
+for Bi-metallism. He had won the fight by sheer bulldog pluck. The
+Bland-Allison act of 1878 was a Bland triumph. The Sherman law of 1890
+was a Bland victory, for Sherman himself said it must be passed to head
+off a free-coinage act. When the Congress of 1892 convened, the Bland
+forces had an overwhelming majority. Why then could we not make a law
+restoring the white metal to its constitutional place as the equal
+of gold? Because, in the contest for the Speakership, the Northern
+Congressmen _got control of the Committees as an exchange for the
+office of Speaker_.
+
+But the tide of public feeling in favor of “Constitutional money” kept
+on rising, and there is no doubt whatever that a majority of our people
+in 1896, favored Bi-metallism. But Bryan, cunning and ambitious, used
+his opportunities as a Bland delegate to undermine Bland, and at the
+psychological moment treated Bland to what Garfield had treated Sherman.
+
+What had Bryan done for Bi-metallism? Nothing. He did not even
+understand the true meaning of it. As for Bland, he had fought the
+battle of “Constitutional money” while Bryan was at school, and when,
+in the hour of Silver’s triumph, the hero of its struggle was cast
+aside by his ungrateful party, it broke the old man’s heart and he died.
+
+When I think of the long series of years during which Mr. Bland was the
+unflinching, untiring leader of the forces of Bi-metallism, and when I
+think of the very substantial fruits of his labors, the manner in which
+Bryan and the Democratic party flung him aside—the old horse turned
+out to graze till he should drop—seems to me to be one of the most
+convincing illustrations of the fact that “_politics is hell_.”
+
+Having captured the Democratic nomination, Bryan turned his attention
+to the Populists. They had proved that they could poll nearly two
+million votes. Bryan wanted them. Through Allen of Nebraska and Jones
+of Arkansas he laid his plans to get them. By as foul a trick as ever
+was played in American politics, the Populist Convention was inveigled
+into giving its Presidential nomination to Bryan. Having got what
+he sought, he broke the contract, turned a deaf ear to all appeals,
+underrated the measure of Mid-road Populist resentment, invaded “the
+enemy’s country,” cherished the delusion that he could win New England,
+hung on to the impossible Sewall, and so lost the Presidency.
+
+It is a fact that the Republicans had no hope of success, after the
+action of the Populist Convention, until Bryan himself adopted the
+insane policy of making the race with two Vice-Presidential candidates
+swinging on to the ticket.
+
+In that campaign, the whole money question was dwarfed to the
+discussion of “Free Silver.” The great issue of Constitutional,
+scientific Bi-metallism was shunted on to the spur track of Free
+Silver. In that campaign he lost the East and the North, irrevocably.
+Instead of making a strong, broad, easily understood plea for a
+restoration of the financial system of Jefferson, of Madison, of
+Monroe, of Jackson, of Benton, of Calhoun, he selected that detail
+of the money question which was of the least consequence, which was
+the most difficult to explain to the ordinary voter, and which,—on
+account of the selfish interests of the Silver Kings—lent itself most
+favorably to Republican assault.
+
+This error was Bryan’s own folly, for the Greenbacker and the Populist
+had already demonstrated the advantage of treating the question in the
+broad, fundamental way. To this day, Mr. Bryan pays the penalty. To the
+business world, of every section of the Union, he is known as the “Free
+Silver” crank, and the business world is dead against him.
+
+In 1900, the Spanish war had temporarily engulfed economic questions.
+Bryan was astute enough to feel this; consequently, he discovered a
+new Paramount Issue. It was Imperialism. But Bryan was not the man to
+derive any benefit from it, for the simple reason that he was as much
+responsible for it as the Republicans themselves. Tired of camp life
+at Tampa, Mr. Bryan hurried to Washington City, exerted his personal
+influence with certain Democratic Senators, and prevailed upon Senator
+Clay and others to vote with the Republicans to ratify the Treaty of
+Paris.
+
+As our Imperialism grows out of this Treaty, Mr. Bryan’s political
+dishonesty in raising such an issue against the Republicans was so
+glaring that they had very much less trouble in defeating him in 1900
+than they had had in 1896.
+
+Then came the ugly affair of the Bennett will; of Bryan’s acceptance of
+gifts of money aggregating $12,000; of his efforts to secure, secretly,
+a legacy of $50,000; of his astonishing lack of delicacy in drawing
+up, in his home, a will for a doting old man who was Bryan’s guest; of
+his mercenary persistence in his struggle against Bennett’s widow; of
+his claim for a large fee as Executor of a will which he had drawn and
+which the courts had set aside.
+
+Then came the revelation that while appearing to the public as the
+devoted, unselfish, patriotic champion of Free Silver, he had been in
+the pay of the Silvre Kings all the time. _Then_ we could understand
+why he had narrowed the money question to that pitiful detail.
+Millionaire Silver Mine-owners, like Marcus Daly and William A. Clark,
+didn’t care a rap about Constitutional money. What they wanted was the
+personal profit to be gained by them in carrying fifty cents’ worth
+of the white metal to the U. S. Mints and having it turned into a
+dollar. Free Silver meant millions of dollars to these Silver Kings.
+Therefore they paid Bryan big prices to make speeches for Free Silver.
+And the Peerless orator stuck to his text. And when the Silver Kings
+discontinued the pay, Mr. Bryan discontinued the speeches.
+
+Afterwards came the campaign against Parker’s nomination in 1904.
+Pretty much everything that could be said to prove that such a
+nomination would be a base betrayal of the Jeffersonian element of the
+Democratic party, Bryan said. In Chicago, notably, he hired a hall,
+collected the faithful around him, made an impassioned speech setting
+forth the shame of such a Ryan-Belmont candidacy as that of Parker, and
+said that a Democrat ought to be ready and willing to die rather than
+submit to such a surrender of principle as would be involved in the
+nomination of Parker.
+
+Similar heroic declarations Mr. Bryan made against the Clevelandites,
+the Wall Street element of his party, the undemocratic advocates of the
+British gold standard which had chained the world to London. In his
+book, in his paper, in his speeches,—particularly at Birmingham,—he
+vowed that he would never support a gold standard candidate and that he
+would quit the Democrats if the party adopted a gold standard platform.
+
+“_Is thy servant a dog that he should do this thing?_” That was the
+tone of Bryan’s indignant reply whenever he was asked whether he would
+follow his party if it deserted its principles.
+
+Alas! The heroics sounded well—but where was the hero?
+
+We admit that Bryan made a great fight against the Ryan-Belmont
+hirelings in the Democratic National Convention of 1904. His forensic
+powers are of a high order, and they were magnificently displayed in
+that debate. But he wasn’t true grit, wasn’t dead game,—did not prove
+himself a thoroughbred. No, he is not the kind of bird that dies in the
+cock-pit; he showed the “dominecker.”
+
+Had he met Parker’s gold telegram with a defiant, “I accept the
+challenge! Let those who are true to Democratic principles follow me
+out of this Convention!” he would have smashed the Ryan-Belmont slate,
+forced Parker out of the lists, won the nomination for himself, and
+_might_ have been President.
+
+But he sunk the popular hero into the party hack,—let them put the
+harness on, hitch him up and drive him in a direction that his record,
+his vows and his convictions made it a disgrace for him to travel.
+
+Then came the speeches in which he said as much in favor of Parker as
+he had said against him,—and Parker had not changed a bit. The change
+was _there_, and it was vast,—but it was in Bryan.
+
+Then came the swing backwards to radicalism again. Bryan spoke at
+the Jefferson Day banquet in Chicago in 1906 and said that the time
+had come for the Democratic party to declare itself in favor of the
+Government Ownership of the railroads. He advanced the proposition that
+the states should own the local lines while Uncle Sam ran the trunk
+lines. This absurd plan was the burden of the Bryan talk and Bryan
+editorials for more than a year,—long enough for the whole country to
+realize what an impractical “statesman” he is. So ludicrous a “break”
+queered him still further with the men of the business world, and told
+heavily against him in the campaign of this year.
+
+Then, after his home-coming speech in Madison Square Garden, he made
+his final declaration in favor of Government Ownership. Having toured
+Europe and witnessed the advantages of State-owned public utilities,
+his own convictions in favor of that system had been strengthened.
+
+But Democratic editors and politicians raised a Bourbon outcry against
+Government Ownership, and Bryan, after shuffling about awhile, took to
+the woods.
+
+Then he fell in love with the Initiative and Referendum. Mightily
+in favor of giving Direct Legislation to the people was Bryan. But
+again the Bourbons raised their hands in holy horror, and again Bryan
+flunked. “Willing to teach the children that the earth is flat, or that
+it is round, whichever a majority of the School Board prefer”;—that’s
+the kind of pedagogue partisan politics has made out of W. J. B.
+
+Then we heard him endorse Roosevelt, and agree with the President
+that Congress ought to pay the campaign expenses of the two old
+twins,—Chang and Eng,—and that honest bankers should be punished
+for crimes _they_ didn’t commit, and that the Government should not
+establish Postal savings banks but should perpetuate the National banks!
+
+Then we saw him dictate the Denver platform which is more Hamiltonian
+than the Parker platform of 1904, and less favorable to the masses
+than the platform of Mr. Taft. We saw him choose a Standard Oil tool
+for the Chairmanship of his Finance Committee; we saw the Tobacco
+represented on the same Committee; we saw him courting David B. Hill,
+Judge Parker, Charles Murphy, Pat McCarren and “Fingy” Conners; we
+saw him yoke up with the liquor interests in Maine, Indiana and Ohio;
+we saw him change his whole political creed until Ryan, Belmont,
+Harriman and Rockefeller had nothing to fear from him, and we saw him
+conduct a campaign in which he stood for no distinct vital _democratic
+principle_, whatever. Then we saw him dodge when the President asked
+him, through the newspapers, how he stood on the Pearre bill which
+seeks to have Congress declare that a man’s business is not entitled to
+the same protection as his property. Impaled on that point, Bryan could
+do nothing but squirm.
+
+Then indeed, he lost out with level-headed men of all parties.
+
+
+II.
+
+Burdened with the record of his own instability, Bryan this year lost,
+practically, everything excepting the South. True, he got Nevada (two
+electoral votes,) and Colorado (five votes,) and Nebraska, (eight
+votes,) but this state he carried by making a piteous, tearful personal
+appeal,—and even then he got only a plurality, not a majority, and ran
+far behind the Democratic State ticket; but the West has repudiated
+him, just as the South and East have done.
+
+It would not be worth while to dwell upon the humiliation of that
+political serfdom which kept the South in the Bryan column.
+
+The South voted for Bryan, _and is glad he wasn’t elected_. Everybody,
+who knows anything, knows _that_. The fact ought to be able to
+penetrate the conceit of Bryan himself.
+
+But is the fact important? It _is_, for its first consequence will be
+the elimination of Bryan, and its second will be the restoration of the
+South to her historic position in the Republic. It is the beginning of
+Southern self-assertion; the end of her political nullity.
+
+Never again can Mr. Bryan hope to secure the support of the South.
+His record makes it impossible for her delegates to acquiesce in his
+nomination.
+
+This being so, the Bryanites of other sections will recognize the folly
+of nominating him—for without the Solid South no Democrat can hope to
+win the Presidency.
+
+When Bryan adopted that policy of Africanizing the Democratic party,
+he drove nails into his political coffin. The facts were not aired by
+the Southern papers during the campaign, but Bryan will hear from them
+when he bobs up serenely and goes after a fourth nomination. Ever since
+the Civil War, the Democratic party in the South has claimed to be the
+white man’s party. Because it was feared that a division of the whites
+into two parties would result in giving to the negroes the balance of
+power, the Southern people have allowed the Democracy of other sections
+to legislate against our interests, to ignore our industrial existence,
+to rob our producers under forms of law, to foist upon us candidates
+not of our choosing, and platforms which we detested.
+
+The Democrats of other sections were permitted to treat us as though we
+belonged to them, _because_ we feared to divide into two competitive
+white parties,—feared Negro Domination.
+
+For thirty years the South has been struggling to establish White
+Supremacy, and to diminish the political importance of the negro.
+
+Yet in this campaign of 1908 we heard Bryan’s lieutenant, Henry
+Watterson, declare that _the time had come for the Negroes to divide
+and thus increase their political importance_. The whole Bryanite
+campaign was pitched to that key. “The time has come to increase the
+political importance of the negro!”
+
+In other words, the Bryanites deserted the Democratic position on the
+negro question, and went over to the Thad Stevens-Sumner position, at
+the very time that the Republicans, led by Roosevelt and Taft, were
+coming over to the Southern view. We saw Bryan flirting with the negro
+leaders, and seeking to make a Democratic asset out of the resentment
+which they felt because of Roosevelt’s pro-Southern position on the
+matter of the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments. We likewise saw Mr.
+Bryan witness with seeming approval, the parade of negro clubs on whose
+banners were displayed extracts from Foraker’s speeches denouncing
+the President for his dismissal from the army of the black brutes who
+on their way to Brownsville insolently declared “When we get there
+all the women will look alike to us, white, black and Mexican”; and
+who put a climax to a series of outrages and threats by shooting up
+the town—killing one man at his own gate, bringing down the Chief of
+police with a shattered arm, riddling hotel and private houses with
+bullets; and terrorizing men, women and children.
+
+Yes, we saw Bryan receiving negro delegations who came to confer with
+him about the negro soldiers; we saw the colored delegations cordially
+met and hospitably entertained; and we heard them say, that they were
+perfectly satisfied with the assurances which Mr. Bryan had given
+them. They circulated, by the hundred thousand, a letter, bearing
+the names of the most prominent negroes of the land, in which the
+statement occurs that _“We have been in communication with Mr. Bryan
+for weeks and have received satisfactory assurances from him” as to_
+PATRONAGE, RECOGNITION, AND THE AMENDMENTS.
+
+Mr. Bryan must have been aware of the fact that this circular letter
+was being used in his behalf. It is highly probable that his Campaign
+Committee furnished the money which paid for the printing and the
+mailing of it; and there is no doubt that the negro speakers who went
+about asking for votes for Bryan, because of Brownsville and because of
+the Southern Disfranchisement laws, were paid by the Bryanite Committee.
+
+It would have been a calamity to the country had the desperate tactics
+of the Bryanites met with success. The impression would have been made
+that the negro vote elected him, and there is no telling how far that
+would have influenced Mr. Bryan in his official dealings with the negro
+leaders.
+
+We must remember that he earnestly supported the candidacy of a negro
+against a white man, in Nebraska. The negro got the office. It is said
+that no such thing had occurred in Nebraska before.
+
+He educated his daughter and one of his sons at the Social Equality
+“University of Nebraska,” and another of his sons is a student there
+now. To this Social Equality College, Mr. Bryan annually donates two
+hundred and fifty dollars.
+
+He has never uttered a word against the mixed schools of Nebraska
+wherein the negro children are educated on terms of Social Equality
+with the whites. He has never condemned the intermarriage of blacks and
+whites. There is no law against it in Nebraska, and miscegenation is
+common.
+
+Born and reared in Illinois, Mr. Bryan holds the anti-Southern view
+of the race question. By birth, education and environment, he got the
+belief that Social Equality is right, and he practices what he believes
+when he sends his children to be educated along with the negroes.
+
+How can the South, knowing these things _as she now does_, ever support
+Bryan again? To do so would be to reverse her position on that question
+which to her is the most important of all. During the heat of the
+campaign, Southern editors who knew of these things kept mum. It will
+not be so when Bryan seeks the fourth nomination.
+
+In the next national convention of the Democratic party, the South will
+not be run over as the Bryanites ran over her at Denver.
+
+If she demands the Vice-Presidency in 1912, it won’t go to the attorney
+of the Brewers’ Combine of Indiana. If Lincoln’s name should again be
+lugged into the Convention, it will again be honored, but when the
+name of Robert E. Lee is mentioned it will not be hooted and hissed.
+Democrats of the other sections may not be pleased by the attitude of
+Southern delegations, but we venture the prediction that no Haskell
+brass-bands will insult them by tauntingly playing, “_Marching thro’
+Georgia_.”
+
+
+III.
+
+But it is not such a misfortune to Mr. Bryan that he will never be
+President. Several millions of very respectable men share that lot with
+him. He is rich,—the only man that ever got rich doing reform work. In
+Bryan’s case, indeed, there has been no reform work,—just floods of
+talk about it.
+
+He has friends everywhere, has no personal enemies, is of sanguine
+temperament, is rounding out into a comfortable fatness, has no bad
+habits, no gentlemanly vices, and is so unconsciously self-righteous in
+all that he does that he fails to realize what bad taste he displays
+when he introduces his wife’s name into a public speech and sets forth
+at length her qualifications for the position of “First Lady in the
+land.”
+
+Personally, we bear Mr. Bryan no ill will and wish him no harm, but
+it is our deliberate opinion that his inordinate ambition for office
+and his mistakes as a leader have done more immense injury to the
+cause of reform. He destroyed the Populist party, he has wrecked the
+Democratic party, he has driven thousands of Conservative men into the
+Republican ranks, and thousands of radical Democrats and Populists to
+the Socialists.
+
+His career has been rich in substantial rewards to Mr. Bryan himself,
+but, on the whole, it has been the bane of Jeffersonian democracy.
+
+
+
+
+Foreign Missions
+
+
+The action of the South Georgia Conference of the Methodist Church in
+voting $65,000 to Foreign Missions, last week, moves the _Jeffersonian_
+to say another word upon that subject.
+
+Some time ago, the New York _World_ published a statement to the effect
+that, out of every ninety dollars contributed in this country to the
+Foreign Mission fund, only one dollar reached the heathen. This is a
+sweeping arraignment of the honesty and efficiency of the management of
+the funds which we are not prepared to indorse.
+
+Our criticism follows a different line. The question raised by the
+_Jeffersonian_ is this,—_What moral right have American Christians to
+leave their own poor_,—UNFED, UNCLOTHED AND UNREDEEMED,—_and
+to drain off into foreign lands millions upon millions of American
+dollars to feed and clothe and redeem the poor of those foreign lands?_
+
+It is a most serious question, Brother.
+
+You tell us, as per formula, that we are commanded to carry the Gospel
+to all the world. Granted. But where are we commanded to leave our own
+poverty-stricken wretches to die like poisoned rats in their holes,
+while we relieve the physical distress of the Chinese?
+
+What moral right have we to deny the beggar at our gate, and to heed
+the plaint of the Chinese beggar?
+
+One of our private correspondents a little while ago, wrote us that a
+certain preacher, whose attention he called to our statements on this
+subject, declared that said statements “_were misleading_.”
+
+Wherein? They could not _mislead_. If what we have said about our
+foreign missionaries furnishing food, clothing, medicine, fuel, etc.,
+to foreign “converts” is the truth, our people are entitled to know it.
+
+If our statements are false, _we_ want to know it.
+
+A very prominent and able Baptist minister,—who has long been a
+laborer in the Foreign Missions field,—and a well-known Methodist
+minister, who has been similarly engaged, _are responsible for the
+statements made by the Jeffersonian_.
+
+One of these noble men said that the most discouraging thing about the
+Foreign Missions work was, that _when the rations to the “converts”
+were cut off, the convert lost interest in the Christian faith_.
+
+What words could we employ that would arraign the system more severely?
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The idea of the _Jeffersonian_ is that each nation of the world should
+take care of its own poor. We are not responsible for pauperism, vice
+and crime in China. There is no more reason why we should be taxed for
+_contributions to maintain a commissary_ in Pekin or Hong Kong than in
+Paris, Berlin or London. We leave to the French the task of providing
+for the Parisian poor; we don’t think of supplying food, raiment and
+medicine to Berlin paupers; and we consider it the duty of the English
+to provide for London outcasts. Why, then should we virtually coerce
+our American Christians into sending money to heathen lands for the
+purpose of relieving the physical distress of the heathen?
+
+While penning this editorial, it occurred to us to glance at a New York
+exchange, for the purpose of noting _some contemporaneous instance of
+starvation, or of suicide because of hunger and lack of employment_.
+The newspapers of the North have been gruesomely full of many ghastly
+incidents of that kind.
+
+Yes, _there it was_, page 3, of the N. Y. Evening Journal, of December
+4th, 1908.
+
+A white woman, sick and starving, and with a babe at her breast, fell
+exhausted on Fifth Avenue,—the home-street of the richest men the
+world has ever known. All of them are Christians. When prosecuted for
+their criminal methods of taking other people’s property away from
+them, they blandly perjure themselves, escape the feeble clutches
+of the law, turn up serenely at church, next Sunday, and contribute
+handsomely to Foreign Missions.
+
+The woman who fell starving, on the street where these richest of men
+live, was named Mrs. Mary Schrumm. She was young, thinly dressed, and
+_had not tasted food for two days. The child was nearly famished,
+almost frozen and had acute bronchitis._ Her husband was out of work;
+an old woman with whom she had found shelter had been given notice to
+vacate; and Mrs. Schrumm had gone into the streets to seek refuge in
+some one of the charitable institutions. _She had been turned away from
+each of these that she could reach. She had begged that her babe, at
+least, might be taken in. No; the babe was sick, and_ THEY COULD
+NOT TAKE IN A SICK CHILD!
+
+God! And we talk about _what the heathen need! The hardest-hearted
+heathen that Jehovah ever made are some of the seared hypocrites who
+call themselves Christians._
+
+Denied everywhere, poor Mrs. Schrumm wandered about the streets, in the
+bitterly cold wind, until she fell, completely tired out.
+
+_Then_, indeed, charity had to sit up and take notice. The starving
+woman was put into an ambulance, and carried to a hospital. _She_ will
+probably recover; her child will probably die.
+
+Then, _what moral right_ have you to let such unfortunates as these
+_fall starving in_ YOUR _streets_, while you are sending
+_hundreds of millions of dollars abroad to feed, clothe, physic and
+make fires for the hungry, “thinly clad,” sick and shivering Chinese_?
+
+Doesn’t your own “mother wit” tell you that _Foreign Missions could
+not consume such vast sums of money_, IF THE MISSIONARIES LIMITED
+THEMSELVES TO PREACHING THE GOSPEL!
+
+Put on your think cap, son.
+
+In the New York _World_ of December 5, 1908, is reported the case of
+George Schulze who shot himself to death, in spite of the pleadings of
+his wife and children, because he was out of work, had tried in vain to
+secure employment and was in despair.
+
+If these were not typical cases, we would not dwell upon them. But they
+_are_ typical cases, _and you know it_.
+
+
+
+
+Treasure Trove
+
+
+The writer of the ballad which the Jeffersonian presents to its readers
+this month was Clara V. Dargan. She was born near Winnsboro, S. C., the
+daughter of Dr. K. S. Dargan, descendant of an old Virginia family of
+the highest standing. Her mother was a native Charlestonian of Huguenot
+blood, and from her the poetess inherited vivacity, social charm and a
+love for romance. The Dargan family was wealthy, but lost everything by
+the war. Miss Dargan published many poems and short prose stories in
+the periodicals of the time. In 1863, she was the literary editor of
+the “Edgefield Advertiser.”
+
+One of her stories, “Philip, My Son,” was considered by so good an
+authority as Henry Timrod to be equal to any story published in
+“Blackwood’s.”
+
+“Jean to Jamie” seems to us almost the perfection of a poem of that
+class. The pathos of it is so genuine, so unobtrusive and so deep that
+one feels, instinctively, that the lines of the poem ran from the heart
+of one who had suffered. Henry Timrod said of it, “The verse flows with
+the softness of a woman’s tears.” The poem, published in 1866, has long
+since been lost to current literature. Believing it to be a treasure
+that ought to be recovered, we reproduce it.
+
+
+Jean to Jamie
+
+    What do you think now, Jamie,
+      What do you think now?
+    ’Tis many a long year since we parted;
+    Do you still believe Jean honest-hearted—
+      Do you think so now?
+
+    You did think so once, Jamie,
+      In the blithe spring-time;
+    “There’s never a star in the blue sky
+    That’s half sae true as my Jamie,” quo’ I—
+      Do you mind the time?
+
+    We were happy then, Jamie,
+      Too happy, I fear;
+    Sae we kissed farewell at the cottage door—
+    I never hae seen you since at that door
+      This many a year.
+
+    For they told you lies, Jamie;
+      You believed them a’!
+    You, who had promised to trust me true
+    Before the whole world—what did you do?
+      You believed them a’!
+
+    When they called you fause, Jamie,
+      And argued it sair,
+    I flashed wi’ anger—I kindled wi’ scorn,
+    Less at you than at them; I was sae lorn,
+      I couldna do mair.
+
+    After a bit while, Jamie,—
+      After a while,
+    I heard a’ the cruel words you had said—
+    The cruel, hard words; sae I bowed my head—
+      Na tear—na smile—
+
+    And you took your letters, Jamie,
+      Gathered them a’,
+    And burnt them one by one in the fire,
+    And watched the bright blaze leaping higher—
+      Burnt ringlet and a’!
+
+    Then back to the world, Jamie,
+      Laughing went I;
+    There ne’er was a merrier laugh than mine;
+    What foot could outdance me—what eye outshine?
+      “Puir fool!” laughed I.
+
+    But I’m weary of mirth, Jamie,
+      ’Tis hollowness a’;
+    And in these long years sin’ we were parted,
+    I fear I’m growing aye colder-hearted
+      Than you thought ava!
+
+    I hae many lovers, Jamie,
+      But I dinna care;
+    I canna abide a’ the nonsense they speak—
+    Yet I’d go on my knees o’er Arran’s gray peak
+      To see thee ance mair!
+
+    I long for you back, Jamie,
+      But that canna be;
+    I sit all alone by the ingle at e’en,
+    And think o’ those sad words: “It might have been”—
+      Yet never can be!
+
+    D’ye think o’ the past, Jamie?
+      D’ye think o’ it now?
+    ’Twad be a bit comfort to know that ye did—
+    Oh, sair, would I greet to know that ye did,
+      My dear, dear Jamie!
+
+
+
+
+The Passing of Lucy and Rollo
+
+
+Gentle reader, did you ever steep your mind in one of those Sunday
+School hooks which were in circulation previous to our Civil War? If
+not, ransack your grandmother’s garret until you find a specimen of
+that Arcadian literature.
+
+The little boy in those blessed books never quarrelled, never had a
+fight, never had dirty hands, and would have been inexpressibly shocked
+had he made a conversational slip in grammar. He was an intolerable
+angel in breeches—was this little boy of the Sunday school book.
+_He_ couldn’t “talk back,” nor handle slang, nor throw rocks, nor
+skin-the-cat, nor ride the billy-goat, nor tie things to a dog’s tail,
+nor put a pin in a chair for somebody to sit on. If the Bad Boy hit him
+in the stomach, he wept meekly, quoted a text, and went home to his
+mamma.
+
+In common conversation, the language of this Good Boy was drawn from
+wells of English undefiled. Erasmus never used choicer words; and
+Chesterfield was not more perfect in manners, than was this detestable
+Good Boy.
+
+Among youths of his own age, he was a miniature Socrates, washed and
+otherwise purified. Wisdom oozed from him in hateful streams. The
+sagacity of sages sat on him with uncanny ease.
+
+When a grown man spoke to this Good Boy, the G. B. never replied until
+he had lifted his right hand and ejaculated “Oh, Sir!” After the salute
+and the “Oh, Sir,” came the response, which always did infinite credit
+to the manners, mind and heart of this outrageously Good Boy.
+
+Life was an easy-going affair to the G. B. All things came his way.
+He was virtuous and he was happy. Nothing ever occurred to soil his
+clothes or tangle his hair. His nose never bled, he never bit his
+tongue, never struck his funny-bone, never mashed his thumb with the
+hammer, never had his drink to go the wrong way. He was never drowned
+while bathing in the pond, for the simple reason that he didn’t “go
+in” on the Sabbath. The Bad Boy “went in washing” on Sunday and was
+drowned, as a matter of course.
+
+Daniel in the lion’s den was not safer amid the perils than was the
+Good Boy among the ills which are incident to boyhood. Past vicious
+bulls and snappish curs he walked serene and unharmed. Neither his gun,
+nor his pony ever kicked him; neither the wasp, nor the bee, nor the
+yellow-jacket ventured to sting him; nettles avoided his bare feet; no
+boil came to afflict his nose, nor stye to distort his eye. No limb
+of a tree ever broke under _him_, and gave him a nasty fall. He never
+tumbled into the creek, nor snagged his “pants,” nor sprained his
+ankle, nor cut his finger, nor bumped his head, nor walked against the
+edge of the door at night.
+
+Nothing could happen to this insufferable Good Boy—nothing bad, I
+mean. _His_ shoes never blistered his heels, his hat never blew away,
+he never lost his hand-kerchief, never had a stone-bruise, never missed
+his lessons, never soiled his book, never played truant, and never ate
+anything which caused him to clap both hands to a certain place in
+front while he doubled up and howled.
+
+Oh, a pink of perfection was this odious boy of the ante-bellum Sunday
+School books.
+
+And next to him in comprehensive unbearableness was the little girl who
+was the counterpart of this little boy.
+
+Her name was Lucy. Or, perhaps, Marielle. Or, for the sake of variety,
+Lucretia.
+
+And what a portentous proposition in pantalettes she was, to be sure!
+
+[Illustration: “Rollo, Lucy and Mariette went Together.”]
+
+She talked just as exquisitely as did the Good Boy. Her selection of
+words was artistic, and her grammar immaculate. If William Pitt’s
+natural style was that of the “State Paper,” the colloquial standard of
+Lucy, Lucretia and Marielle was that of Madame de Stael.
+
+She walked with primness; if she ran at all, it was with dignity; she
+did not giggle, did not romp, never made a mud pie, never pinched the
+Good Boy, and was such a formidable little thing, generally, that
+even the Bad Boy never snatched her bonnet. Such a thought as that of
+stealing a kiss from her never entered the head of _any_ boy, good, bad
+or indifferent.
+
+This unearthly girl always seemed an impossibility to me, after I
+became a grown-up, until I chanced to read about the daughter of John
+Adams, second President of these United States. Mr. Adams married a
+stately woman whose name was Abigail. What else could you expect, if
+not that a girl born to John Adams and his wife, Abigail, would be a
+tremendous little girl from the very start? Her parents named _her_
+Abigail,—as an additional guarantee against chewing gum, coca-cola,
+slang, and tomboyishness.
+
+[Illustration: ABIGAIL ADAMS]
+
+At the age of eighteen, we find Miss Abigail Adams writing about her
+father as though he were some Sphinx or Pyramid that she had been
+viewing. Please go slow, as you read what this young lady says of her
+own papa:
+
+“I discover a thousand traits of softness, delicacy and sensibility
+in this excellent man’s character. How amiable, how respectable,
+how worthy of every token of my attention has this conduct rendered
+a parent, a father, to whom we feel due even a resignation of our
+opinions.”
+
+Did you ever? Just try to put yourself at the view-point of a girl who
+could calmly sit down and analyze her father, as a naturalist would
+disjoint a rare beetle. Think of a daughter referring to her father as
+“_this excellent man_,” and classing him “_respectable_”! Think of a
+daughter dutifully conceding, in writing, that her dad is “worthy of my
+attention” and “even a resignation of our opinions.”
+
+And, after all, she jumped from the sublime to the ridiculous by
+marrying a man named Smith!
+
+But she has restored my confidence in the girl of the Sunday school
+book. Lucy _did_ appear on this planet in the flesh; and when she
+talked and wrote her style was that of little Abigail Adams. Marielle
+was not an impossibility, nor was Lucretia. Even that obnoxious Good
+Boy was true to life—if John Adams’ description of his son John
+Quincy is not too highly colored by paternal pride. After reading said
+paternal description I can understand how it was that, while Henry
+Clay made friends out of those whom he refused, John Quincy Adams made
+enemies by his manner in granting favors.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+But no matter how many Lucys and Rollos existed prior to our War
+between the States, it would be mighty hard to find a Lucy or a Rollo
+now. Times have changed, manners have changed, types have changed.
+What is responsible for the bold-eyed girl—the girl of loose speech
+and loud manners? What is responsible for the irreverent boy—the boy
+of the cigarette and of _the look which undresses every handsome woman
+that he meets_? These are the boys that greet girls with a “Hello!”
+and a leer that should offend. These are the girls who shout “Hello!”
+to the boys, and who lie prone by the side of young men during a
+“straw-ride” at night. Are all such maidens the daughters of mothers
+who drink and gamble? Are all such youths the sons of men who have no
+morals? By no means. Our whole social and industrial situation has
+changed, and the people have changed with it.
+
+Would that I could believe that our Public System is guiltless in
+this matter. Use your eyes as you pass a crowded academy and note the
+conditions which make against common decency—to say nothing of that
+deference and respect with which every properly trained boy should
+treat members of the other sex.
+
+But there are causes deeper, more universal than the promiscuous mix-up
+in the Public Schools. The centripetal power of class legislation
+is drawing capital inward to the small centre of the Privileged. To
+the masses is left a constantly smaller proportion of the nation’s
+annual production of wealth. In turn, this law-made and abnormal
+condition of things over-crowds the cities. In fact, rural life has
+become so unattractive that the trend of population is _from the farm
+to the town_. Every village has its surplus—the men and boys, white
+and black, who have no visible means of support and who can not be
+persuaded to work. In every town is the girl who hardly knows why she’s
+there,—but she’s there.
+
+[Illustration: “‘Oh! Look,’ cried Lucy.”]
+
+And the pace-that-kills in the Chicagos and New Yorks is faithfully
+represented, on a small scale, in each of our towns. Don’t all of us
+know it? We do. But what is the remedy?
+
+The temperance people believe that whiskey is at the bottom of the
+trouble. The church people believe that irreligion is the source of the
+evil. The school teacher believes that education will save the day.
+
+But can not the student of human affairs see that the demoralization
+incident to four years of civil strife shook our entire social system
+like an earthquake? Did not the Spanish war light up,—luridly,
+vividly, horribly,—the almost universal corruption which had seized
+upon the body politic?
+
+“Eat, drink and be merry—tomorrow we die.” When a nation rings with
+that cry, it is close to the whirlpool. “Let us have a good time!” The
+man drinks and makes much of his food; the woman drinks and thinks a
+deal about her eating; the boy drinks and knows the good dishes; the
+girl drinks and daintily scans the menu. “Hello!” shouts the dashing
+boy; “Hello!” answers the dashing girl, and off they hurry to some
+place where talk, songs, pictures and conduct are “up-to-date,”—_and
+in many and many a case the Hello couple are reeling hellward by
+midnight_.
+
+Don’t we _know_ that our statute-book is the Iliad of our woes?
+
+The few are wickedly rich while the many are helplessly poor, because
+the laws have been made _for the purpose of bringing about that very
+state of affairs_. There is a fierce struggle for existence which waxes
+more desperate every year. _Men fight each other for a job, with a
+ferocity like that of starving dogs fighting over a bone._ Girls are
+forced into positions where delicacy of feeling is trampled out and
+where it requires heroic courage to resist the tempters who are ever on
+her trail to pull her down.
+
+Who does not know that the ten million dollars which one of our
+religious denominations recently sent abroad for Foreign Missions would
+be better employed if it were devoted to the breaking up of our hideous
+marketing of white women to lewd houses? Who does not feel that the
+hundreds of millions which our Government has spent in the Philippines
+had better have been left in the pockets of the taxpayers here at home?
+Who does not know that we ought to tremble for our future when we see
+how our law-makers have been the willing tools of those who ruin the
+millions of men and women, girls and boys, in order that a few hundreds
+of ravenous rascals like Rockefeller and Carnegie and Havemeyer and
+Ryan and Vanderbilt and Gould and Harriman shall each be richer than
+any king ever was?
+
+Most of us _do_ know it. Some of us have long been trying to arouse the
+patient, victimized millions to a sense of their own wrongs. But it is
+an uphill work. Some despair, some scoff, some are callous, some won’t
+listen, some are timid, some are interested in keeping things as they
+are, some think it is God’s will that a favored few should reach the
+Paradise of unlimited riches while the unfavored multitudes sink into a
+hell of eternal wretchedness.
+
+The lotus-eater’s plaint of “_Let us alone_” is to me as fearful as
+that reckless, creedless, madly selfish cry “_Let us eat, drink and be
+merry: tomorrow we die._”
+
+Jay Gould contemptuously dismissed the suggestion that, some day, the
+American people might rise in arms against its swinish plutocracy. Said
+Jason, the cynical,
+
+“_I could hire one-half of the people to shoot the other half._”
+
+The man who said that was not more contemptuous of us than are the
+plutocrats who rule and rob us now. But perhaps what he said is the
+truth. They manage to keep us divided, about half and half, in the
+bloodless battle of ballots; perhaps, if it came to shooting they could
+divide us the same way.
+
+[Illustration: “He Certainly Was Good To Me.”
+
+New York _American_]
+
+
+
+
+A Survey of the World
+
+By Tom Dolan
+
+
+Congress Reassembles—The President’s Message
+
+The attention of the sixty-first Congress was naturally given first to
+the President’s annual document, which this year lost none of its usual
+length. In its entirety it is a plea for centralization of governmental
+authority in “the administration,” alleging that the nation cannot be
+“in peril from any man who derives authority from the people and who
+is from time to time compelled to give an account of its exercise to
+the people.” Mr. Roosevelt should know, and does know, however, that
+under our present manner of electing executives “the people” are as a
+mass too indifferent, or too ignorant, to demand such an accounting
+and until election by popular vote is incorporated as a principle of
+proceeding, he is virtually suggesting a monarchy, upheld by a special
+caste consisting of the holders of Federal office and the recipients of
+Administrative favor.
+
+For the control of the trusts, he offers nothing new—nothing that he
+has not already woven into the fabric of “my policies.” He denounces
+the Sherman law, and believes in regulation and control by strong
+central authority.
+
+On the question of the currency, he was pathetically weak and eagerly
+willing to leave it to his monetary commission to “propose a thoroughly
+good system which will do away with the existing defects,” and very
+guardedly admits that there was a “monetary disturbance in the fall of
+1907 which immensely increased the difficulty of ordinary relief.”
+
+On the labor question—a matter upon which Hamiltonians may much more
+safely grow expansive than those of finance—Mr. Roosevelt declared
+against child labor, for diminution of work on the part of women, and
+a general shortening of the hours of labor and for an inheritance tax
+that would help to equalize the burden of taxation which now falls
+so heavily upon those least able to bear it. He commended highly the
+intelligence of the labor vote, which refused to be “swung” as a
+unit for any candidate and took occasion to pay his respects to Mr.
+Taft as an ideal Judge. On protection to workingmen, Mr. Roosevelt
+displayed a sympathetic attitude which does him much credit. “When a
+workman is injured, he needs not an expensive and dreadful lawsuit,
+but the certainty of relief through immediate administrative action.
+No academic theory about ‘freedom of contract’ should be permitted to
+interfere with this movement.” He urged Congress to pass without delay
+an Employers’ Liability Law, which should serve as a model, covering
+the District of Columbia.
+
+Among the old issues to which Mr. Roosevelt adverted were
+recommendations pertaining to the preservation of forests and the
+encouragement of industrial education. The Philippine policy is to
+continue and independence is promised so indefinitely that it is
+apparent that no voluntary, relinquishment is ever intended. Both the
+Parcels Post and Postal Savings Banks were favored, the former being
+strongly urged.
+
+[Illustration: _Washington, D. C. Herald_]
+
+Results—not the sinking of money for no adequate return—was stressed
+as to inland waterways. Considerations in reference to public health
+came in for a word, and the Pure Food Law was lauded in superlative
+terms. The President advocated increased appropriations for educational
+departments and for increasing the “now totally inadequate pay of our
+judges.”
+
+Mr. Roosevelt advises abandonment of the idea of combining New Mexico
+and Arizona into one State, and suggests that they each be given
+independent Statehood.
+
+He averred that the nation’s foreign policy is “based on the theory
+that right must be done between nations as between individuals.” This
+is a specimen of “speaking softly.” The “Big Stick” follows almost
+immediately in the almost frantic state of mind he seems to be in
+concerning the needs for a great army and navy. Even the small boys
+ought to be trained in rifle practice! If he had added the hope that
+small girls would be taught to mould bullets and scrape lint, he would
+have been patriotically sublime!
+
+That portion of his message which demands that members of legislative
+branch of the government be prosecuted as are those in the executive,
+and his sneer at Congress as being afraid of the Secret Service has
+created intense excitement in both houses and the language used in the
+message may be totally expunged from the records. Both Democrats and
+Republicans concur in the disposition to ignore matters of party and
+act in this matter, casting a stigma upon them all, as a whole.
+
+Mr. Roosevelt’s bold assertion that the Panama Canal is a model for all
+work of that kind will meet many challengers. Philippe Bunau-Varilla,
+formerly Panama minister to the United States, has just issued a
+statement declaring that the Canal will cost $280,000,000 and that the
+plan now being carried out, owing to the dangers from the Gatun Dam,
+(which has already shown itself unreliable) “will result almost surely
+in the greatest disaster in the history of public undertakings.”
+
+The President’s message, altogether, is like the President himself:
+commendable in some respects, partisan to a degree and strong in
+language rather than logic.
+
+
+Reforming the House of Lords
+
+Someone has said that every twentieth Englishman is a genius and the
+balance dolts, or something of that tenor. The Special committee of the
+House of Lords, in its report recommending a radical change in that
+body, seems actuated by a desire to retain as many of the twentieth
+type as possible and eliminate the rest.
+
+At present, this august body contains 618 members, consisting of the
+royal princes, the Archbishops of York and Canterbury, two dozen
+minor bishops, the English peers and those Scotch and Irish peers who
+have been elected by their fellows to represent the nobility of these
+respective countries.
+
+The committee each of the colonies send elective peers; that the
+24 bishops elect one-third of their number to the Lords at each
+Parliament. The Archbishops are to remain permanent features and about
+130 hereditary peers are to be retained, including such as have held
+the position of Cabinet minister, or of Governor-General of Canada, or
+Viceroy of India or have enjoyed high positions in the army or navy;
+and all who have served for twenty years in the House of Commons. Five
+judges are to be added as “law lords” and of the remaining number 200
+are to be elected as representative peers.
+
+By this selective, as well as elective, method, the fittest in brains,
+skill and ability would survive. It is equally probable, however, that,
+so far as broad, progressive policies are concerned, a House of Lords
+so made up would be even a greater handicap to the popular will than
+as it stands today. The average Lord now accepts his seat therein with
+that nonchalance which characterizes his attitude toward those other
+favors of fortune which are his by birth. He feels no added pride and
+seldom any real obligation to interest himself in measures that come
+before the House. While he is an obstructionist, it is after a rather
+passive fashion. To change this so as to make a seat in the galaxy of
+Lords a prize to be contested for, while limiting the eligibles to
+the race in the arbitrary manner proposed, would inevitably mean a
+powerful governing body, supersaturated with class-consciousness and
+hyper-sensitive to the faintest breath against its own aristocratic
+dominance. The reactionaries would entrench themselves by electing the
+most brilliant men of their own views. The lonely members from Canada,
+Australia, New Zealand and South Africa would have slight influence in
+shaping the destiny of the Empire as a whole and none as to England’s
+domestic affairs. To public opinion, then, as now, the House of Lords
+would be almost impervious. How, indeed, can any set of men taught to
+regard themselves, from infancy, as superior beings, be affected by the
+ideas of the plebeians? They have always assumed their class to be the
+natural governor and guardian of the hoi polloi. If the H. P. doesn’t
+thrive, it’s not the fault of the nobility.
+
+It is no wonder that the House of Lords itself should be shamed over
+the survival of a caste system which permits even an idiot, born to the
+purple, to share the honors and responsibilities of membership in the
+highest assembly of their government, but even those apologists who
+maintain that the Britisher of rank feels obligations to humanity as
+does no other public man must take fright at the proposed concentration
+of power the new plan would insure. Certes, after many years of
+thwarted hopes for bettering of general conditions, the patient English
+people could only rise, in holy wrath, and abolish the House of Lords
+altogether. And, as a real and permanent reform measure, why don’t they
+do it now?
+
+
+The German Incident Closed
+
+    “The toot of the Teuton is tootin’ no more,
+     All sober sits Berlin, beside the wild Spree;”
+
+The words of this classic were never more apropos. The ebullition of
+German indignation over their Kaiser’s indiscreet interview, published
+in the London Daily Telegraph recently, the salient features of which
+were summarized in the December Jeffersonian, has subsided and the hard
+words, as proverbial, have “broken no bones.” That something drastic
+should be done to prevent such outbreaks in future, as well as to
+reprimand the “Great War Lord” for the unfortunate garrulity, was the
+generally held, resentful opinion; but _doing_ it, was another matter,
+unless the mincing of words between the Emperor and his Imperial
+Chancellor could so be construed. After their meeting for the purpose
+of discussing the matter, Von Bulow announced to the Reichstag that
+he was convinced the Kaiser would hereafter “observe that reserve,
+even in private conversations, which is equally indispensable in the
+interest of a uniform policy, and for the authority of the Crown.”
+This assurance was further bolstered by an official publication that
+Emperor William “approved this statement” and “gave Prince Bulow the
+assurance of his continued confidence.” This pacification the Reichstag
+was apparently glad to accept, in lieu of a constitutional guarantee
+of a check upon the Kaiser. During the national hysteria, when all
+were alike guilty of lese-majeste, it was safe to join the popular
+clamor. In his official capacity, no member of the Reichstag seemed
+bold enough to attempt to storm the fortress of “Divine Right.” It
+would have required a now impossible unification of opposing forces
+in that body, under leadership fearless of the consequences to self,
+to have magnified the disturbance into a real revolution in the
+German government. So, on all sides, there was a refluencing tide of
+displeasure—but the water-mark will remain for many a day to show that
+patience has its limits even in a people of almost unexampled docility.
+And, after having enjoyed a very carnival of free speech, they will
+never again submit to the gagging which has heretofore obtained.
+
+Whether the Kaiser feels the humiliation accredited to him or not, is
+rather doubtful. At any rate, he viewed the storm with superb outward
+indifference, causing it to be understood, while he was enjoying
+himself on a hunting trip with the heir to the Austrian throne, that
+he was “heedless of the exaggerations of public criticism which he
+regarded as incorrect.” He is still The State—chance confidences with
+interviewers notwithstanding. But his subjects may not be quite so
+passive as before.
+
+[Illustration: Freight Rates Increase]
+
+
+Events in China
+
+One of the strangest, strongest characters in history passed from the
+stage when the Dowager Empress of China, best known to us as Tsi An,
+yielded to Death—her only conqueror—some time in November last.
+Born a slave, the story of how her wit, beauty, determination and
+utter unscrupulousness placed an empire boasting at least 400,000,000
+subjects at her feet, is well known. For fifty years she reigned
+an absolute despot, while other nations rose and fell, maps were
+changed, the tide of Occidental civilization began to beat down the
+ancient barriers of her realm. Knowing that the summons had come to
+her, did she yet stretch out her still powerful hand and remove the
+weakling Emperor, whose demise preceded her own by so short a time?
+A physical wreck—a virtual prisoner and perhaps the victim of some
+brain stupefying drug, there were still dangers to be feared to the
+dynasty she so long upheld, and all her record shows she would not
+have hesitated at any step necessary to preserve the reign of the
+Manchus and repel the efforts which reformers might make, through
+Tsai-ti’ien, to hasten forward a foreign type of government. Much
+evil is said of the Dowager Empress—and much evil perhaps she did,
+according to some standards; yet she selected her ministers with
+some wisdom and can scarcely be censured for refusing to let herself
+and the Chinese masses—both intensely conservative—be harried into
+“reforms” for which they were unprepared. The national and racial pride
+of such highly informed Chinese as had received not only the education
+appropriate to their class at home, but who had enjoyed foreign
+advantages, is in nowise typical—and it must be remembered that Tsi
+An was dealing with “teeming millions” indeed. She was not stubbornly
+unprogressive, as various Imperial edicts issued within the past decade
+demonstrated. Indeed, it was not long since that one assurance was
+given that a Constitution would be granted within nine years.
+
+Prince Chun—named recently as regent, will link the ideas and methods
+of the ancient Pure Dynasty with those which must prevail long ere
+little Pu Yi, his baby Emperor, who toddled into the Manchu succession
+the other day, can take the reins of government for himself. The people
+have accepted the tiny monarch designed to continue the present dynasty
+with no ill will. Chinese discontent has been constant for lo! these
+centuries, for the Manchus are a foreign Mongol race, but the almost
+simultaneous deaths of the nominal ruler and his iron-willed aunt, and
+the installation of a three-year-old as puppet king, made comparatively
+slight impression. Indeed, it is not likely that all China knows even
+yet that there has been any change, so slowly does news travel in some
+parts thereof. Under such torpid conditions, there may be uprisings
+against Viceroys in certain provinces, but anything like a general
+revolution will not in many years threaten the peace of the empire.
+The emancipation of China will come through enlightened rulers; or be
+deferred by intrigue within the Court. Three uprisings have taken place
+against the Manchu rule, but they were all before foreign interests
+and influence had intervened to give the yellow race a common cause
+against white aggression and patriotic Chinamen and Manchus will prefer
+a government by all the people rather than a mere change in the throne.
+Unless signs speedily fail, no real “crisis” is imminent.
+
+[Illustration: “THE DONKEY IS A PATIENT ANIMAL.”—_W. J. Bryan._
+
+New York _World_]
+
+
+The Japanese Alliance and Elihu Root
+
+“The people of the United States hold for Japan a peculiar feeling of
+regard and friendship” wrote Theodore Roosevelt after the visit to
+himself and Elihu Root of Baron Kogoro Takahira, Japanese Ambassador,
+last September. After much that has seemed unnecessarily subterranean
+in the negotiations between Takahira and the Secretary of State,
+admissions have been wormed from official sources that these gentlemen
+have consummated a pact that is variously regarded as a miracle of deft
+diplomacy; a dangerous entangling alliance or as a farcical declaration
+of non-binding intentions.
+
+Subjected to examination, the “agreement” covers the following main
+points, stated in brief:
+
+A mutual wish to “encourage the free and peaceful development of their
+commerce in the Pacific.”
+
+Since the imperialistic idea is that peace is best preserved by being
+prepared for war, this “peaceful development” inevitably means to the
+United States a vastly increased naval burden. No less if Japan be
+honest than if she be insincere.
+
+The second article declares for the maintenance of the existing status
+quo and the “defense of the principle of equal opportunity for commerce
+and industry _in China_.”
+
+Has the Chinese boycott of Japanese goods anything to do with this?
+Takahira or Marquis Katsura, Japanese premier, please answer.
+
+The third article obligates each nation to respect the territorial
+possessions in the Pacific of the other.
+
+What territorial possessions has Uncle Sam save the Philippines, whose
+loss would be a good riddance?
+
+The fourth article is nothing more than an elaboration of the second.
+
+The fifth article reveals the purpose, the strength and the danger,
+of the understanding in that it pledges each government, should the
+present regulations in the Pacific be disturbed in anywise, “or the
+principle of equal opportunity, as above defined” be threatened, “to
+communicate with each other for the purpose of arriving at a mutual
+understanding with regard to the measures they may consider it useful
+to take.”
+
+Realizing that no treaty outright could be made without Senatorial
+indorsement and that this would mean a departure from all American
+tradition and policy, Elihu Root has framed a skillful document which
+creates a binding promise to consult Japan in any issue that may arise,
+while it escapes the odium that would attach to an actual alliance now.
+The real alliance would be precipitated whenever emergency, real or
+seeming, made it easily and logically possible to invite the conference
+“with regard to the measures they may consider it useful to take.” It
+ties this American Republic to an Asiatic despotism in a manner both
+unseemly and unnecessary. Nothing is gained that we did not have and
+the sacrifice of our best traditions is saddening.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+It is not so much the complications that are to be feared, even though
+Russia also fronts the Pacific; even though England and China have
+doubtless concluded an alliance of their own and even though other
+world powers have interests in the Orient which they jealously guard.
+Australia has long viewed Japan with doubt and aversion and the news
+of the step taken by the United States will probably shatter a real
+friendship, based upon white blood and mutual ideals, that could have
+been cemented between that independent colony and our government. Even
+though the agreement had no untoward consequence, it is a melancholy
+fact that the American people have surrendered their constitutional
+right to govern themselves or control their policies as to other
+nations. Mr. Root has formed an alliance binding in fact,—and evading,
+by subterfuge, any terms upon which the Senate could base an action.
+
+In this, Mr. Root has again shown his famous sleight-of-hand
+performance, “Now you see it and now you don’t!” The intention to
+exploit China, by peaceful means, if possible, but to exploit, is
+clear; as is the understanding that Korea and the Philippines are to
+be left to their respective masters. Yet, scan the treaty again and it
+appears beautifully benevolent. It is indeed a piece of handiwork of
+which a corporation henchman may be proud as it more than sustains his
+reputation for ability to advise his clients how to make illegal moves
+without breaking the law. In the more elegant language of William C.
+Whitney, of New York, who was familiar with the promotion of divers
+deals: “I have had many lawyers tell me what we could not do, and what
+the law forbade. Elihu Root is the first Lawyer I ever had who could
+always tell me how to do legally what we wanted to do.”
+
+[Illustration: The Treaty Making Power Lies With Congress
+
+Baltimore _Sun_]
+
+Such is the record of the man who is to succeed Thomas C. Platt,
+as Senator from New York, Timothy L. Woodruff having been forced
+gracefully to renounce his claims. It will be a relief to get rid
+of the disgusting septuagenarian, Platt; but is a profound pity his
+successor should not be a man in whom the people have confidence. Root
+has always been a wily corporation lawyer; he has just completed an
+alliance in contravention of the spirit of the Constitution and is
+being elevated to the Senate through Federal patronage.
+
+He may serve his country well—but the leopard will have to change a
+good many of his spots.
+
+
+The Standard Oil Inquiry
+
+“It was a bad year for the trusts,” wrote Edward Sherwood Meade,
+Professor of finance in the University of Pennsylvania, at the close of
+1907. In support of his comment, Prof. Meade cited the $29,000,000 fine
+levied against the Standard Oil, of Indiana, by Judge K. M. Landis,
+and the proceedings instituted to dissolve the Oil and Tobacco trusts.
+As is well known, Judge Grosscup, of the United States Circuit Court
+of Appeals, reversed Judge Landis on technicalities and the Company
+was saved from the imposition of the fine through what was universally
+execrated as a gross miscarriage of justice. Attorney-General Bonaparte
+at the time expressed himself freely in demanding of Congress the
+enactment of “a more comprehensive law permitting appeals by the
+Government in criminal cases,” instead of the present statutes which
+“give to the wealthy defendants in such cases an unfair advantage.”
+So 1907 was not such a bad year for the Standard Oil,—but a most
+profitable one, as the favor extended it in the Indiana suit enabled
+the stock of the Company to soar to nearly 700 forthwith.
+
+The proceedings in the latter part of 1908 by the Government to
+dissolve the Standard Oil are the most important ever instituted
+against this odious monopoly. It is almost incredible that, after 20
+years of immunity, John D. Rockefeller should be forced to “show cause”
+why he should no longer be allowed to pursue his taciturn, undisputed
+spoliations. Frank B. Kellog, champion “trust-buster” has charge of the
+investigations which thus far have presented something the appearance
+of opera bouffe. The figures juggled with are so enormous, and the
+“forgetfulness” of Rockefeller, Archbold and other testifiers such
+conspicuous examples of humorous insolence, that the public mind is
+unprepared to hope for a satisfactory outcome to the investigation.
+The present administration has but a couple of months more in which to
+make its denunciations against the Standard Oil effective, after years
+of apparently righteous wrath and no one is greatly to be blamed for
+adopting a cynical attitude as to the expected result.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+It _has_ been a bad year, this closing 1908, for the Tobacco folk. The
+victory of the tobacco growers of the Burley district of Kentucky early
+in December over the American Tobacco Company proves what a determined
+stand may accomplish on the part of the producer, without entering the
+Courts at all. It is safe to say that this Christmas will have been one
+of the happiest ever spent by the farmers of Kentucky, among whom some
+$20,000,000 will be circulating for tobacco grown and held over, some
+of it, for nearly two years. It will make for a peace and good-will in
+very truth, for the “night-riding” is considered at an end.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Capitulation to the tobacco growers of a limited section, however,
+is the least of the American Tobacco Company’s troubles just now,
+it having been declared, in suit brought by the government for its
+dissolution, to be a “combination in restraint of trade” which is
+amenable to the provisions of the Sherman Act of July 2, 1890. Appeal
+from this decision is being taken to the Supreme Court and upon the
+result of this “last resort” will hinge all that is vital in reference
+to the ability of the government to control the various kinds of
+industrial combinations engaged in inter-state traffic.
+
+Judge Lacombe, in voicing the majority opinion of his Court,
+observes that: “By insensible degrees, under the operation of many
+causes, business, manufacturing and trading alike, has more and more
+developed a tendency towards larger aggregations of capital and more
+extensive combinations of individual enterprise. It is contended
+that, under existing conditions, in that way only can production be
+increased and cheapened, stability in reasonable prices secured and
+industrial progress assured. But every aggregation of individuals
+or of corporations, formerly independent, immediately upon its
+formation terminates an existing competition; whether or not some
+other competition may subsequently arise. The Act, as above construed,
+prohibits every contract or combination in restraint of competition.
+What benefits have come from this combination, or from others
+complained of, it is not material to inquire, nor need subsequent
+business methods be considered, nor the effects on production or
+prices.”
+
+[Illustration: Washington _Herald_]
+
+Judge Noyes, who agreed with Judge Lacombe, says, in addition: “It
+is of much importance to many people at the present time whether the
+defendants have entered into an unlawful combination. It is OF THE MOST
+MOMENTOUS IMPORTANCE TO ALL THE PEOPLE FOR ALL THE TIME WHETHER THE
+NATIONAL GOVERNMENT HAS POWER TO REACH INDUSTRIAL COMBINATIONS DEALING
+ACROSS STATE LINES.”
+
+In his dissenting opinion, Judge Ward took the position that the
+purposes of the defendants “should not be made to depend upon
+occasional illegal or oppressive acts, but must be collected on their
+conduct as a whole.” That they strove “to increase their business and
+that their great success is a natural growth resulting from industry,
+intelligence and economy, doubtless largely helped by the volume of
+business and the great capital at command.”
+
+What view will the Supreme Court take? That “restraint of trade” _is_
+“restraint of trade” or that that it is _not_ “restraint of trade”
+if only a few laws are broken, only a few competitors hurt and if
+defendants are not suffering for want of money?
+
+
+Haytian Revolution
+
+Amid a fanfare of banjos, a rattling of “de bones” and the patting
+of the Juba, General Simon entered the Presidential Palace at
+Port-au-Prince, capitol and chief city of Hayti, early in December,
+thus triumphantly concluding a decisive rebellion during which Nord
+Alexis, recent dictator, was forced to flee for refuge to a French
+vessel. Simon’s election to the Presidency by the National Assembly
+will follow, as a matter of mere detail, providing neither General
+Firman, General Fouchard nor other “General” of opposing armies which
+contain no privates at all, pulls off another revolution before
+breakfast. This is a fearsome possibility, though, inasmuch as the
+countries to which these heroes may be induced to repair as ministers
+are limited; and the aspirants for the dictatorship are unlimited;
+besides, there may be a crop of the deposed ministers wending their way
+homeward to hatch up more plots—and how may all be pacified? Moreover,
+it had been six long, weary years since Hayti had any revolution to
+speak of and the appetite of the Black Republic for such diversions is
+not easily appeased. Serpent worship may pall and the charm of Voodoo
+rites wax monotonous. A chance to burn and pillage now and then helps
+amazingly to relieve the dulness of the island.
+
+Hayti continues an object lesson in the progress that civilization
+makes when left to the care of the brother in black. It is a chunk
+of “Darkest Africa” left festering on the seas. The conditions there
+being so terrible, even in non-revolutionary periods, there are
+almost no white residents whose presence, in larger numbers, would
+force other governments to a summary clean-up of the nauseous spot.
+U. S. cruiser Tacoma has been dispatched to St. Marc and Gonaives to
+extend protection to those who may be in distress and to quell further
+threatened rioting.
+
+
+The Virginia Decision
+
+How far practice had departed from the equitable principle that all
+remedy in the State Courts must be exhausted before complainants might
+appeal their case to the United States Courts, is emphasized by the
+impression amounting almost to a sensation, produced by the decision,
+on November 30th last by the Supreme Court covering the Virginia
+railway rate case, wherein an injunction had first been obtained by the
+corporation from a lower Federal Court, preventing the enforcement of
+the two-cent rate prescribed by the Railway Commission of the State.
+This restraining order was passed May 14, 1907, and the effect thereof
+was to prevent the exercise of the Railway Commission’s legitimate
+control over the passenger traffic of their State until now. The
+rebuke to Federal Judge Pritchard, who granted the injunction, in the
+reversal of his findings in favor of the railroad comes from a source
+which the American people have desired to esteem as their highest
+source of justice, and will have admirable effect. Not only will it do
+much to allay the irritation and the distrust which has been growing
+for many years against this tribunal, but it will have most salutary
+effect upon insolent Federal Judges and ruthless corporations. The
+injunction has been their sword and buckler. Ignoring the State Courts,
+they have rushed to obtain injunctions against the enforcement of any
+measure they happened to dislike. Armed with the premature mandate of
+a Federal officer, they have defied public opinion and the sovereign
+authority which created and nurtured them. A firm check on the abuse of
+the injunction, had become a crying necessity, if the public were to
+respect wise injunctions and uphold the law.
+
+The decision has been hailed with what could honestly be called
+“pleased surprise”—so many disappointments had led to the belief that
+corporate interests were obliged to triumph. Wide-spread approval
+has been accorded the ruling. In a few instances criticism has been
+proffered, to the effect that the points over which the case originally
+occurred are unsolved and that the question of railroad regulation is
+as misty as before. These are matters, however, which do not touch the
+principle of State’s redress first, which was universal before the
+misconstruction of the 14th Amendment made possible such usurpation of
+authority as the one for which Judge Pritchard has been called down.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Other interesting court decisions have taken place within a short
+period. The New Jersey Court of Appeals, for instance, has considered
+a knotty problem relative to its collateral inheritance law. Philo
+Miles, a British subject, died in London, leaving a considerable amount
+of stock in a New Jersey corporation and the lower courts held that
+the tax could be levied upon same. The Appellate Court negatived this
+conclusion on the ground that personal property which includes stocks
+and bonds must follow the situs of the owner and be taxed “there and
+there only.” They held that if every State could levy an inheritance
+tax upon the full estate of the deceased, his personal property being
+returned in the inventory of the executor or administrator, the estate
+of the deceased could be taxed as often as there were States in which
+he chanced to have personal property at the time of his death. This
+would, of course, be inconceivable.
+
+It would be helpful to know just how England, which has a National
+and effective inheritance tax, will manage with the property held in
+New Jersey by the late Mr. Miles. Much of the wealth of her citizens
+is represented by stocks in American corporations, mortgages upon
+American property and like personal effects. Possibly the heirs are
+more scrupulous in returning such property for taxation than are our
+own rich men, who think no wrong of sending out of the State all
+personalty for long enough to swear tax statements that are true in the
+letter, but utterly false in fact. To evade municipal taxation, they
+do not hesitate to take their securities outside the corporate limits
+for a day or so. The owner of a home or farm may not escape bearing
+the burdens of government, but those who derive annual fortunes from
+dividends upon “personal property” go scatheless.
+
+A national inheritance tax, with stringent provisions to enforce it,
+would go a long way toward evening things up.
+
+[Illustration: A SOCIAL CALL _New York World_]
+
+
+“Holland Making Faces.”
+
+[Illustration: TOO CLOSE FOR COMFORT
+
+The hand of the law will get old John D. himself yet.
+
+—Minneapolis Journal.]
+
+Dainty and attractive are the naval maneuvers indulged in by the little
+Queen of Holland against the Venezuelan government these days. If not
+to the entire satisfaction of The Hague, at least they will win her
+high plaudits from the Red Cross Society. For where was ever such
+consideration shown as has been displayed by this firm, feminine foe
+to the blustering South American President? That he has been perfectly
+horrid to her, all will admit. It is true that he has been entirely
+within his rights in that trans-shipment decree, for the regulation
+of the internal commerce of his own country is a prerogative which
+the most modest executive might safely claim; but it is likewise
+indisputable that it has seriously crippled the thrifty Dutch merchants
+of Curacoa; and, anyhow, Castro need not have been so overbearing
+about it, which was no way to handle a situation of that delicacy. He
+should have admitted that he was wrong, begged forgiveness and then,
+of course, _she_ could have been no less magnanimous than to have told
+the sturdy burghers of Williamsted that they must cease to cry over the
+milk that somebody else had a right to spill; she would have outdone
+his courtesy by her sweetness and all would have been well. But some
+men even when Presidents, fail to understand that women are women, even
+when queens, and so he was uncouth when the situation simply begged
+for _noblesse oblige_. Nevertheless, when Castro fell ill, Wilhelmina
+deferred her vengeance until he had gone to consult European surgeons.
+No rattling of guns or clanking of sabres if the enemy had a headache;
+no furore that might disturb the quiet of his citadel.
+
+Now her fleet sails nattily over the Caribbean, to the vast interest of
+vice President Gomez, left in charge of Venezuela, and of the world at
+large. To coarse, husky individuals, this seems a strange proceeding,
+perhaps, but those cast in more delicate mold will realize that
+Wilhelmina kept the navy tied to her ample apron strings till now, lest
+the clatter of wooden sabots over the hard, white decks, might make
+Castro nervous.
+
+Seriously, it seems that Holland is doing little more than making a
+demonstration the purpose of which is uncertain. After simmering so
+long, the trouble between the two countries could hardly cool off,
+with dignity to Holland, without revocation or modification of the
+shipping regulations, intervention by other powers or a goodly show
+of resentment. If Holland is saving her face by the latter means, who
+could be sorry? No one doubts the courage of her people, nor that
+they would be met by no mean resistance in attempting to shell the
+Venezuelan forts and brave blood should not be spilled in a cause that
+seems so entirely within the scope of arbitration.
+
+
+A Word About Sectarianism
+
+That England in the present Century should be undergoing a hard-fought
+battle over the matter of religious control over her public schools
+proves the tenacity of sectarian clutch when Church and State join
+hands in bonds of government. The new educational bill which has passed
+a second reading in the House of Commons is a compromise measure
+which embraces a Nonconformist concession to the church of what is
+known as “the right of entry” which permits parents or guardians to
+request denominational instruction for their children during certain
+hours—teachers being expected to volunteer for this service. On its
+side, the church relinquishes control of the schools and the abolition
+of all religious tests for the teachers. The British public is still
+stolidly Episcopalian and that Church yields slowly any of its
+prerogatives. The bill, if enacted into law, will therefore not make in
+years any appreciable change in the practical status of the schools,
+but will enable those objecting to enforced religious teachings to have
+their sentiment respected. The use of public funds for denominational
+instruction is without doubt one of the most vicious forms of
+intellectual slavery to which any people may be forced to submit.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Yet this very slavery is openly advocated for America today by Cardinal
+Gibbons, of the Roman Catholic Church, who desires the public schools
+to be wholly denominational and supported by the government. Small
+wonder, then, that Mr. Roosevelt’s characterization as “bigotry” the
+refusal of anyone to vote for a Roman Catholic for the presidency has
+met with profound disapproval. Nowhere did he strike a “popular note”
+and protests have been dignified, but severe. In the selection of
+his creed, the citizen has been given unhampered choice, but in the
+restriction of those eligible to the high office of Chief Executive,
+the people will continue to consider the preservation of their
+institutions of paramount importance. To democracy everywhere, and
+in all the ages, the Roman Church, as an organization, has been the
+consistent foe. Centralization of authority in the hands of puppet
+monarchs under its control is its undeviating aim. No man who can
+submit himself to the domination of a priesthood, and all that it
+means, could be a safe president of a free republic.
+
+In candidacy for any office, a man must expect the opposition to make
+capital even out of his religious affiliations, and it is true a few
+silly Protestant preachers tried to do this in the case of Mr. Taft,
+a Unitarian, but that the general mass of people gave his faith any
+adverse thought is ridiculous. The Protestant vote divides along
+political lines just as do those voters of no creed at all.
+
+
+The Postal Deficit and Express Company Surplus
+
+After a 200 per cent stock dividend declared by one express company
+shortly ago and a surplus of some $30,000,000 in another, the
+announcement of a 90 per cent increase in certain express rates will be
+hailed with much joy. There seems to be a cheerful disposition on the
+part of these corporations to treat the public to the Roosevelt-Straus
+remedy for all monopolistic evil—publicity. At least, they are candid
+and without blush over their unconscionable extortions so, obviously,
+the admission that they have oppressed the public by unjust rates, and
+intend still greater encroachments, ought to be sufficient to quell the
+evil at once. Publicity, forsooth! So long as no actual infraction of
+any law is involved, why may not a monopoly increase its schedules to
+“all the traffic will bear?”
+
+The only good publicity in this instance may do is to stimulate a
+dilatory and debilitated Congress to pass the Parcel Post enactment
+recommended by Roosevelt and urged by Postmaster-General Meyer. Since
+the express companies can annually “cut a melon” of enormous dividends;
+and since the postal deficit for the fiscal year has reached the sum of
+$16,910,000 it becomes probable that the long despised and antagonized
+parcels post will loom up as perhaps the most practicable means of
+helping the government out of the ditch.
+
+How very curious it is that all the “wild ideas” of the Pops come, one
+by one, to be recognized as instances of wonderful foresight. If the
+parcels post is going to be a good thing for the government, and an
+invaluable thing for the common people in the future, it is pertinent
+to ponder on how much ahead the department might be at the present
+date, if the system had been adopted years ago. Instead of a deficit,
+there might have been a neat balance, or a possible surplus, for Mr.
+Meyer to offer as a result of the operations of the last fiscal year.
+Of course, the franking privilege has been grossly misused for the
+circulation of partisan literature favorable to the administration
+which got the spoils of office; and the railroads clean up their pile
+on the job of hauling the mails, but all these things but go to show
+that the postal department, instead of being an argument against the
+government taking over public utilities, is the strongest kind of an
+argument in favor of so doing. If the government owned the railroads,
+one avenue of dead loss would be closed; and likewise the elimination
+of railroad rings from control of the administration would remove the
+incentive to flood the mail with literature in the interests of such
+corporations and other monopolies.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+THE BELLS
+
+
+            THE OLD YEAR BELLS.
+
+    Through the darkness, stealing, stealing,
+      Comes their cadence, soft and low,
+    While their music, pealing, pealing,
+      Falls in sadness on the snow;
+    Bid thee think of tasks neglected,
+      Tell thee of the work undone,
+    Of the hopes that have been shattered,
+      E’er the year its course had run.
+    Hear the bells! their voices saying:—
+      “Of thy hopes keep but the best
+    With the falling of our voices,
+      Sinks the Old Year to its rest.”
+
+            THE NEW YEAR BELLS.
+
+    Through the darkness ringing, ringing,
+      Come their voices bright and glad—
+    With their music bringing, bringing,
+      Thoughts that bid us ne’er be sad—
+    Bid us turn from thoughts of sadness,
+      For our dead hopes cease to sorrow;
+    Tell us of the dawn of gladness,
+      Hopes that brighten on the morrow.
+    Hear the bells! their voices saying:—
+      “Now the Old Year’s sunk to rest
+    With the pealing of our voices
+      Dawns the New Year,—that is best.”
+                         Zarion E. Weigle.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+The Pipe of Zaidee
+
+
+BY FRANK E. ANDERSON
+
+“Mr. Lomax, seek your evening’s pleasure with me—”
+
+At this unexpected sentence in English, addressed to him by name in
+Constantinople. Page Lomax wheeled sharply from the railing over which
+he had been watching the shadows of silver minarets dissolve like
+Cleopatra’s pearl in the Golden Horn, now amber as Rhine wine beneath
+the dying sun. By his elbow stood a Turk, whose snowy turban capped
+bold features from which only one eye glittered. A sabre scar, which
+ran across the man’s cheek until it lost itself in his flowing beard,
+accounted for the absence of the other. The fellow was of middle
+stature, but powerfully made. A loose caftan hanging from his broad
+shoulders framed within its folds of vermilion the white linen swathing
+his chest and the orange sash—whence the arabesqued head of a stiletto
+scolded at its neighbor, a Mussulman rosary of russet beads—and the
+green trousers of zouave cut stretching to his saffron half-boots. He
+extended a card, on which Page Lomax read:
+
+                              THE BRISTOL
+                      Boulevard des Petit Champs,
+                                 PERA.
+                      Hosein Aga, Chief Dragoman.
+
+“My hotel!” Mr. Lomax commented. “I reckon you’re all right.”
+
+So Mohammedan and Christian strode off together across the Sultana
+Bridge, of which the uneven timbers were creaking with each undulation
+of its ever-plashing pontoons. Except themselves, no living thing was
+on it other than gaunt dogs, which flashed snarling tusks at them as
+they groped through the gathering twilight. Near the shore Hosein
+whistled. Forthwith his negro bond-servant, Nakir, met them and bore a
+torch before them to the Theatre Osmaniyeh, where actresses from Paris
+were already in their final pirouettes. An infinite sadness possessed
+Page Lomax, as he beheld these daughters of Europe dancing before the
+sons of Asia, but his dragoman muttered:
+
+“I brought you not hither to witness the antics of those painted
+harlots. My slave, Zaidee, will follow them.”
+
+While Hosein was speaking, Nakir set on the stage a wicker basket,
+whence a brown and yellow cobra de capello wriggled forth. Hissing with
+wrath, it sat up on its tail and spread its hood, embroidered with
+the spectacles of Buddha. On its slender girth each false scale was
+gleaming, as the creature coiled and, opening its savage mouth, bared
+those bent fangs of which a mere scratch bestows that rest where no
+dreams lift the tent-flap. Then Zaidee appeared. Timing her pace to the
+weird tune throbbing from the reed between her lips, she neared the
+viper, which launched itself viciously at her. But an invisible force
+halted the snake. Falling in with the rhythm of her flute, it wavered
+to and fro—a flame flickering in the wind—until the damsel stilled
+her strains, when it lay quiet, so tamed that she wound it as a girdle
+round her waist.
+
+“Her term of hire expires tonight,” quoth Hosein, “And I am about
+convoying her to my villa. Would you spend some time in the home of a
+Turk? Nakir, saddle Al Borak for Mr. Lomax.”
+
+Enveloped in a cloak but with no veiling yashmak, Zaidee was on her
+palfry when they joined her. As Hosein turned to his own stirrup, the
+girl shook her raven tresses at the newcomer and pointed at the gate,
+with a gesture, which said: “Leave us!” He might have done so, had he
+not intercepted the look which Nakir was bending on the maiden, as,
+with a devilish grin, which distorted his sooty visage, he tapped the
+whip at his belt. That was enough for Page Lomax. With generous folly,
+he bestrode his horse for the adventure. On their arrival at the house,
+Zaidee disappeared behind that ebony door, through which no male other
+than Hosein might pass even in his thoughts. Again the bold young man
+was foolhardy, for he gazed after her as one in a dream, from which,
+however, he was roused by Nakir, who was striding toward him with an
+executioner’s bow-string in his hand. But here Hosein interposed.
+
+“Put up your cord,” said he. “Mr. Lomax meant no offense. He is
+unfamiliar with our Eastern etiquette, that’s all. The Ethiop,” he
+continued, this time speaking to his guest, “shall guide you to your
+bed.”
+
+The young man had fallen into a fitful doze, when he heard the pipe
+of Zaidee, followed by the rattle of small pebbles against his
+casement. An instant later, Nakir growled out hoarse words, which the
+listener could not understand. But the sound of heavy blows, under
+which Zaidee’s voice leapt into shrieks, then fell to sobs, needed no
+knowledge of a foreign tongue to be understood. Page Lomax rushed to
+the window. Jerking it open, he leaned out, but he could discern no one
+and the unbroken stillness seemed deathly to his overwrought nerves.
+
+To his great relief, Hosein’s maid floated in before them at breakfast
+the next morning. She came to dance, while they ate, as the raiment
+which she wore showed but too plainly to even the inexperienced eye
+of the American. From beneath a veil of fleecy gauze, which floated
+back freely instead of hiding her face (as is the custom with Moslem
+women), her loose locks rolled their midnight over her shoulders. Her
+bell-shaped sleeves had wrinkled back from bare uplifted arms, on which
+silver chains were throbbing in unison with the rising and falling of
+her white bust, caught in the snare of the ample V in her tight scarlet
+jacket. Below that, a third of her supple figure’s living satin blushed
+in full sight above the dark-green band, which clasped in place her
+divided skirt of pearly transparent stuff shimmering down thence to
+her naked round ankles. For a brief space the girl drooped her head
+and Page Lomax saw red shame feeding on her white cheek, while up from
+the dark depths of her mysterious eyes bitter tears were welling. But
+now hidden music swelled into a loud insistent fugue. With a faint
+sigh, almost a sob, Zaidee drifted forward as slowly and as softly as a
+summer cloud thro’ picture after picture of that old, old pantomime of
+the Orient, which illustrates the one text, true in every creed, “Male
+and female created He them.” With all his heart uncovered in his gaze,
+the young man hung on her every motion until, with a brusque finale,
+she snapped in twain the thread of wedded harmony and movement with the
+whirling gesture of one hand pointed toward the threshold. Her agonized
+glance searched his very brain. Her writhing lips syllabled the word,
+“Depart!” Then she vanished.
+
+To Hosein, this posturing to music was nothing new. With a strange and
+baffling smile, he had been scrutinizing Page Lomax, instead of Zaidee.
+Now he leaned toward him.
+
+“Were I to judge you by your looks,” quoth he, “I would swear that
+my Persian hussy has cast a spell upon you. Well, you shall hear her
+story. Seven years ago we had a Holy War. I chanced to be at Khorsabad,
+while our Circassian troops were there, uprooting from the garden
+of the faith those weeds, the Yezidees. As I was nearing a cabin,
+out strode one of our men. He was a strapping fellow, with big black
+whiskers, and so tall that he had knocked awry his bearskin shako as
+he forgot to stoop in coming forth. One hand held his sword, smoking
+with blood. The other gripped Zaidee. Flinging her in front of me,
+he roared: ‘Will you buy? She’s yours for thirty liras. But I warn
+you—she’s the serpent-tamer’s daughter.’ Before I could answer, she
+was clinging to my knees, screaming: ‘Oh! save me, save me from that
+dreadful butcher!’ Well—I brought her home; but she’s but an ingrate.
+These seven seasons have I labored to convert her to God and His
+Prophet Mohammed, but I can not wean her from the faith of Zoroaster.
+So this week I shall sell her at public auction, if I am bid a thousand
+mejedieh for her. She’s worth that, if she’s worth a piastre.”
+
+The last word had hardly left Hosein’s lip ere Page Lomax had whipped
+forth from his pocket his fountain-pen and traveler’s circular
+cheque-book and was writing rapidly. Through eyes narrowed to a
+contemptuous slit, the Turk watched his companion in silence, until the
+latter had laid the writing on his lap, when he said: “What’s this for?”
+
+“The girl,” replied Page Lomax. “That’s the price you named. The
+Stamboul Branch of the Credit Lyonnaise will pay it to you in gold,
+when you present this to it.”
+
+“Your swift Western way of trafficking is indeed bewildering to a slow
+Turk,” rejoined Hosein, in honeyed tones, which barely hid a bitter
+sneer. “_We_ would have smoked our narghiles and drank coffee and
+chaffered for a week, while as for you—_you_ fire a cheque at one,
+hair-trigger fashion. Nakir.” Here he turned to the sullen African,
+“Get that cashed. The jade goes with the American hence. But, ere you
+leave, Mr. Lomax. I must show you the most beautiful scene on earth,
+so they say—Constantinople from a distance. And my own poor fields
+have somewhat of charm, too, about them, I believe. Let me guide you
+through them. You shall witness things, which—being strange—perchance
+may thrill you as familiar sights can not. Nay, Nakir, there is no
+haste about the cheque. Tomorrow will do. Get you now to the harem and
+prepare Zaidee for her departure. Come, Mr. Lomax, we’ll fare forth.”
+
+At a pavilion, which was perched on the wrinkled lip of an abyss—a
+sheer thousand feet in depth—the Turk paused and, with sweeping
+gesture, brought to the notice of Page Lomax’s eye a range of lofty
+mountains, which kissed the horizon at their left.
+
+“There!” he exclaimed. “Are not those sublime? But they are deadly,
+too; for in them lurk huge spiders, as big as tigers and twice as
+fierce. You smile, as if in doubt. I do not blame you. It _is_ hard to
+believe. But they are there. I am no zoologist, so I can not explain
+it, but I have been told that spiders came ages ahead of man on this
+earth, as their fossils are found in rock of the primary epoch, while
+we appear first with the quaternary. If this be so, perhaps these ogres
+are survivals of gigantic prehistoric spider forebears. But I don’t
+pretend to know anything about it, except that they are there. No
+hunter has ever tamed them; but I have caught and caged one. You shall
+see it, before you leave. Look now to the right.”
+
+Afar off, yet perfectly plain in every line, thanks to the limpid
+clearness of the air, lying in the arms of emerald meadows with her
+head pillowed on undulating hills crowned with cypresses as brunette
+as the Queen of Sheba, lay Constantinople, many-colored yet shimmering
+iridescently under the sapphire tent of heaven, while the Golden Horn
+poured the waters of the East at her pearly feet. So noble was the
+sight that Page Lomax’s gaze lingered long upon it ere, following
+the sky-line, it rested at last on a frowning stronghold, whence a
+road wound down to a wharf at which a skiff was moored. So grim and
+threatening was this heap of stone that the young man asked Hosein:
+
+“What is that old keep?”
+
+“That,” replied his host, “I have named the Tower of Vengeance. During
+the late Muscovite war, my brother, Selim, held it as an outpost. But
+the boy’s soldiers were too few, our supporting column too far away. At
+dawn one day, the Russians hurled a regiment against it, stormed it,
+butchered its garrison, fired it. I was too late to save the boy, but
+I headed the cavalry, which cut off retreat for his murderers. As I
+charged in, their Colonel quenched this eye for me, but in ten minutes
+he and all his followers were dead. Selim is buried there. Thither I
+repair each afternoon to lament and feed his grave.”
+
+“To feed his grave?” echoed Page Lomax, inquiringly.
+
+“Yes. In each believer’s tomb is bored a hole, through which he can
+hearken to the weeping of those who love him, and can receive food from
+them. The hour for my observance of that rite is nigh. Can you respect
+it? If so, you may accompany me thither.”
+
+As the two paused before the door of the keep, Page Lomax glanced
+through the lattice across the vault to the wall on the other
+side. Through this, a postern gate opened, close to which he saw a
+prism-shaped mound, ending at head and foot in two marble posts on
+which—each opposing the other—the angels, Nekir and Munkir, will
+sit, as they debate whether the soul of Selim shall arise to heaven or
+descend to hell. Roses decked the hillock. In an orifice at its head,
+a yellow apple and a purple fig awaited the dead man’s appetite. But
+why was this grave fenced in with stout steel bars, set close together;
+and why was it screened overhead with them? Before the Christian had
+time to consider this problem till he might solve it, Hosein threw back
+the outside bar, which held the door to, and, whirling it round on its
+well-oiled hinges, exclaimed:
+
+“To you, my guest, I yield first place. Enter!”
+
+But when Page Lomax was crossing the sill, he felt himself gripped in
+a grasp of iron. His feet were knocked from under him with a swift and
+dexterous trip, and he fell heavily to the floor. Ere he could stagger
+up, dazed as he was, clang went the portal. He was a prisoner, with
+Hosein glaring at him through the grating.
+
+“Pray to your Nazarene now and see if he can help you,” chuckled his
+jailer. “Not even Mohammed himself could help you now. I vowed to
+sacrifice a hecatomb of unbelievers to my brother. Ninety and nine have
+already tapped at his tomb. You will make the hundredth victim.”
+
+The young man was a sinewy six-footer, robust and brave; but the boding
+indefiniteness of this threat so overwhelmed him that his fair hair
+bristled up and his blue eyes dilated to black, then faded to gray. He
+circled the dungeon, frantically seeking an exit, which yet he knew
+he would not find. Cursing himself for all sorts of a fool, because
+he had not taken his pistol with him, when he left the hotel, he ran
+to a corner, where something, which looked like a heaped-up pile of
+slender white sticks, was faintly gleaming beneath the dim light coming
+from above. But, when he saw that they were not sticks but bones, he
+staggered back, almost screaming, and made for the door, which he
+reached just in time to be knocked down by a body, which Hosein and
+Nakir were pitching in. It was Zaidee. Springing up, she wailed forth:
+
+“Oh! why did you not heed my warnings? Did I not sign to you to depart
+in the courtyard, and again under your window and still once more, as I
+was dancing? Now we are lost, both of us. Look up there!”
+
+Far above, an octagon of lustrous woof and warp was oscillating slowly.
+In it, something vast and dark was cradled.
+
+“My God! It’s Hosein’s spider!” gasped the young man.
+
+And now across her web the tigress of the air shot her curved and
+toothed claws and buff-colored grappling-hooks and dull-red jaws and
+six of her eight powerful black legs, covered with down and splotched
+with stiff tufts. Up-rearing her round head and thorax and baring thus
+the rich and flexible dark-green fur, as soft as velvet, which clothed
+her abdomen, she bent at her wasp-like waist and, balancing on the
+verge, fastened her eight eyes—great immovable trance-producing lenses
+of terrible crystal—with a gloating stare, full on Hosein’s captives,
+huddled together there below her. And now she swung out. Swaying just
+beneath her hammock, she whetted one of her scythes against the other.
+But, as with horror-stricken gaze, fixed on this monstrous thing, he
+and she waited for that to come from which there was no escape, a
+sudden inspiration possessed the damsel.
+
+“Steal along the wall,” she cried to Page Lomax, “And leap from behind
+her upon her back at the same instant when I spring thither from in
+front.”
+
+“But—”
+
+“No buts about it, Fool! Do you want to be eaten alive? Go!”
+
+As he obeyed, the maid plucked from her bodice the pipe of charm and
+began breathing from it the melody with which she had quelled the
+wrath of the cobra de capello. At its first tremulous notes, the grim
+executioner of the ninety and nine hesitated—stopped reeling out her
+cord—no longer was opening and closing her grappling-hooks—sheathed
+her dull-red jaws. One awful minute she hovered near, wriggling her
+eight great curving legs. Then, half asleep under the spell of those
+drowsily sweet sounds, she lowered herself to earth and spread herself
+out for slumber. Without ceasing to play, Zaidee inched forward. Close
+enough now, she sprang upon the immense spider. That same instant, Page
+Lomax was by her side.
+
+“Lie down!” she screamed, suiting her own action to her advice to him.
+“Press your toes against the ridge of horn, back of her head! Seize
+that other, yonder, stretching across, just this side her spinneret,
+and hold on—do you hear?—hold on with all your might? She’s going to
+rise and she’ll toss us off, if she can!”
+
+Even now the great creature was hauling in her cable. Up she darted
+violently. Whirling round and round, she threshed the air furiously
+with her legs. Finding out that she could not thus throw off her
+burden, she reared herself aloft into her web. With frenzied rage,
+she gripped the edges of her house and shook it with all her immense
+strength, until it shot back and forth with dizzying speed, at times
+almost perpendicular to its axis. But, with the desperate power of
+despair, her riders clung to her, until, tiring from her fruitless
+efforts to dislodge them, the spider became quiet. Gradually the silken
+orb slackened from its semi-vertical position to its normal horizontal.
+Its whirring lapsed into silence, as it slowly became still. Except
+for a horrible quivering, which was going on under the translucent
+shell of horn on which the two were lying, the huge spinner was at last
+crouching motionless. They sat up cautiously and looked around them.
+No roof hemmed them in. But, in order to keep his monster from fleeing
+to her native hills, Hosein had inserted one beam running from East to
+West, with three others above it contrariwise from North to South.
+
+“Play again, Zaidee,” said the young man. “It’s my time now to work.”
+
+As the girl’s lulling music once more soothed the spider, he set about
+digging out with his pocketknife that part of the nearest upper rafter,
+which had rotted at the wall. Soon he could slide this end out. Tugging
+the beam across the main girder, he heaved the extricated timber
+athwart the coping of the tower, whence, plunging down, it smote Hosein
+to the earth, at the same time striking Nakir, too, and felling him
+also. A screech of anguish burst from the Turk. Unable to rise unaided,
+he seized the honeysuckle, which was clambering aloft on the masonry,
+and dragged himself up, only to drop again with a frightful groan, as
+his back was broken. Two of the eunuch’s ribs had been fractured, too,
+but, as his master groaned that awful groan, he hastened to him and,
+lifting his head, wiped the bloody froth from Hosein’s lips. The Turk’s
+eyes, of which nothing except the whites had been showing, now rolled
+down and fixed their failing glance on the faithful slave.
+
+“Bury me by Selim’s side, Nakir,” he whispered, “And—and don’t let the
+Giaour and his jade escape.”
+
+His eyes rolled back again—he shivered—there was a deep sigh—then
+the jaw fell.
+
+“Something’s hurt down there,” cried Page Lomax exultingly. “I only
+hope it’s Hosein or his nigger. As wishes cost nothing, I wish it were
+both. Here goes for beam number two!”
+
+In a crevice in the wall, just over the end of the second rafter of the
+upper three, the wind had lodged a seed one day and from it a sturdy
+little pine had sprung up. Hunting for food, it had thrust down the
+hungry fibres of its roots to feed upon the mortar. It had been nodding
+good cheer to the young man, as the breezes played leap-frog with it,
+and he hated to hurt it, but he had to. Grasping it, he wrenched it
+from its lodging-house. Its roots could not bear to bid adieu to being.
+They clung so closely to the rough ashlar round which they had twined
+that the stone was twisted out with them and crashed to the tiles
+below, leaving the second beam free at this end, so that Page Lomax
+could send it after the first one.
+
+The third rafter of the upper three was fat with turpentine. Scratching
+a match, the young man held it under the oiliest streak, until a feeble
+blaze stole up. Waxing lustier, it parted with sparkling fingers its
+blue veil of smoke that it might the better gnaw through the bar on
+which it was at work. When the beam had nearly burned in two, Page
+Lomax shoved it upward. It broke. In a twinkling, it had gone outside
+to join the others.
+
+“Now, Zaidee,” he cried, as he cast himself face downward on the great
+spider’s back, “Throw yourself here beside me. Rest your toes against
+that same little ledge back of her head. Grip the other as you did
+before. She’ll bounce over that wall, in the next ten seconds. When she
+hits the ground and settles down on her hind-legs, jump, jump for your
+life, and run for the boat with me.”
+
+Mad with the exhilaration of approaching liberty, the huge creature
+dived out over her prison wall, alighting noiselessly and without a
+jar. Giving no heed to Page Lomax and Zaidee, as they fled, she raced
+like the wind along her shortest line of approach toward Nakir. He
+was too far from Hosein’s home ever to reach it, with her in pursuit.
+She was between him and the summer-house. The tower alone remained.
+Rushing to it, he threw the bar, tore the door open and, plunging
+headlong through it, whirled it to. It had no fastenings on the inner
+side. As it swung outward, he must keep it closed in some way or be
+devoured. Flinging himself down, he dug his nails between its stout oak
+transverse and its upright panels and bore on with all his weight. The
+spider tapped once or twice on the door. It still remaining closed,
+she squatted down before it. After a few seconds, during which she
+seemed to be studying, her terrible eyes dwelt at last on the crack
+between the door and the doorstep. In a trice, she reached her claws
+through and sank them into the door on the inner side. In spite of
+Nakir’s frantic struggling, she fetched it round. With her fierce
+grappling-hooks, she pounced upon him. Bellowing with mingled fear
+and pain, he struck at her with his dagger, but she fell back on her
+haunches, haling him to her. Her grappling-hooks raised him close to
+her red jaws. A sudden flash of savage color—and the blades of those
+jaws sprang apart—another—as they snapped together—a blood-curdling
+scream—a sickening gush of blood—then silence. Hosein’s spider had
+sacrificed her hundredth man.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration: EDUCATIONAL DEPARTMENT.]
+
+
+Gail, Texas, July 15th, 1908.
+
+Dear Sir:
+
+Enclosed find $1.00 for which send to my address both publications
+Weekly and Monthly for six months, after which I think I can send you
+some subscribers. It was an oversight in not sending it in before now.
+In a little discussion some time back some one spoke of there being no
+private titles to land in England, and several asked me to write and
+ask you in regard to the matter.
+
+I saw enough in your last Magazine to convince me, but would like to
+have you write a piece on the subject.
+
+                                   Yours respectfully,
+                                         THOMAS O. EDWARDS.
+
+(Answer.)
+
+The system of Land Ownership in this country was derived from England.
+Excepting crown lands, all real estate in Great Britain is held by
+private titles. Even entailed estates may be bought and sold but the
+procedure is cumbersome and costly. Stating the case broadly, no poor
+man can buy land in England, without the aid of the Government.
+
+In Ireland the huge estates of the nobles are being purchased by the
+Government and parcelled out among the people, who buy the land from
+the Government, on long time with low interest.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Loganville, Ga., Nov. 9, 1908.
+
+Hon. Thos. E. Watson,
+
+Thomson, Ga.
+
+Dear Sir:
+
+Please answer the following questions in the Jeffersonian or Magazine
+or both: Has the Democratic party, at any one time since the Civil War,
+been in full control of the National Government? If so please give
+proof, not that I wouldn’t believe you in every particular, but I want
+to prove it to some “hot headed democrats” who don’t want to believe
+you; also please give the time in which they were in control.
+
+Hoping for an immediate reply, I am,
+
+                                    Yours for the cause,
+                                              W. G. STANLEY.
+
+Answer:—In 1892, Cleveland was elected President as a Democrat, and
+the Democrats had a majority both in the Senate and in the House during
+Cleveland’s term of four years, 1892 to 1896.
+
+The official records prove this, and no truthful Democrat who is posted
+will dispute the fact. Suppose you refer the skeptics to Senators A. O.
+Bacon and A. S. Clay.—T. E. W.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+=QUESTION:= Why is it that the whole world presents the same general
+picture of unrest, hard times, business depression, and unemployed
+labor?
+
+=Answer=: The Kings of High Finance have chained the whole world with
+the gold standard, the effect of which is to contract the currency. A
+contraction of the currency is invariably followed by the same results,
+to wit—the ruin of the debtor class, the curtailment of business, the
+suspension of work, and the creation of an army of the unemployed.
+
+For three thousand years prior to the discovery of gold in California
+(1856) both gold and silver had been in use, over the world, as money
+metals. Now, however, gold alone is the standard of value, and the
+money of final payment.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+=QUESTION:= Why were gold and silver selected as the money metals?
+
+=Answer: BECAUSE THEY ARE SCARCE=. By confining money to these two
+precious metals, it was believed by the financiers that the volume of
+real money would never get so large that they could not control it.
+=The limitation of money to these two scarce metals was a practical
+limitation to the supply.=
+
+So matters stood throughout the world until the discovery of such vast
+quantities of gold in California frightened the financiers. They feared
+that so much gold would be added to the currency of the world that
+prices would go down, bonds would decrease in value, and that they, the
+financiers, would be unable to control the supply of real money.
+
+Consequently, they hired able writers, like Chevalier and MacLarren, TO
+WRITE AGAINST GOLD, in the same way that =THE MONEY KINGS HIRED DAVID A.
+WELLS AND EDWARD ATKINSON TO WRITE AGAINST SILVER=, more than a century
+later.
+
+Germany and Austria excluded gold from their mints (1857) and Belgium
+and Holland adopted the single silver standard.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+=QUESTION:= What checked the demonetization of gold?
+
+The discovery of the rich silver mines in Nevada, Colorado and other
+Western States. The financiers saw that there would soon be more silver
+than gold, and they went to work to have the scarcer metal made the
+standard of value, and the money of final payment.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+=QUESTION:= What nation led the others in the demonetization of silver?
+
+=Answer=: Great Britain. She is the nation to whom the people of all
+other countries owe most. In other words, the whole world is in debt to
+Great Britain.
+
+To make this debt harder to pay, Great Britain led the other nations in
+the world-wide war against Bi-metallism, which means the use of both
+gold and silver on equal terms.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+=QUESTION:= What is meant by “making the debt harder to pay?”
+
+A debt, contracted when the volume of currency is expanded by the use
+of both gold and silver as monetary metals on equal terms, becomes
+harder to pay when the currency is contracted to the use of but one
+of these metals. A bond, for instance, issued by the Government when
+the currency is expanded by the use of gold, silver and Greenbacks, is
+enormously more valuable after the Government has destroyed a thousand
+million dollars of the Greenbacks and has demonetized silver. Having
+to be paid =THEN= in gold, the bondholder gets money very much more
+valuable than the money he invested in the bond.
+
+Now Great Britain wanted the nations of the earth to pay the debts they
+owed her in money that was more valuable than the money she loaned.
+Hence, her war upon Bi-metallism.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+=QUESTION:= But why did other nations help Great Britain demonetize
+silver and establish the single gold standard?
+
+=Answer=: Because these other nations were controlled by their High
+Finance rascals, who wanted to enhance the value of the claims which
+they held against their own Governments and peoples.
+
+In each of these other nations, were bondholders and money changers who
+wanted to make money scarce, so that they could control it, and so that
+the money paid them to satisfy their claims against the Government and
+the people would be more valuable than that which they had loaned.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+=QUESTION:= Is there any reason why the amount of metal in a dollar
+should be worth a dollar?
+
+None. Money is a man-made product, like a cartwheel. Nature does not
+produce dollars nor cartwheels. Nature supplies the raw materials, but
+man is the manufacturer who turns these raw materials into dollars and
+cartwheels.
+
+Dollars are made for the purpose of effecting the exchange of one
+product for another. It is a tool of exchange.
+
+It enables Commerce to get along without the bartering of one commodity
+for another. In old times, a man who did not have a horse but wanted
+one, would get one in exchange for cows, of which he had more than he
+needed. There was inconvenience about this, because the man who had a
+horse that he was willing to swap for cows might not be easy to find.
+To get away from the cumbersome, unsatisfactory system of Barter,
+men agreed on something that should represent value in exchange. The
+substance agreed on, no matter what it was, became money.
+
+Therefore, money was made by man for the special purpose of carrying on
+Commerce, just as wheels are made to carry on carts, wagons, carriages
+and railroad cars.
+
+There is no more sense in claiming that the dollar—which is the wheel
+of Commerce—should be made out of a material of any particular value
+than there would be in claiming that a car wheel shall bear a certain
+proportion of value to the freight which is transported in the car.
+
+The dollar is a tool, in the same sense that a hoe is a tool. With
+one hoe, you may cultivate cotton worth fifty dollars; but that is no
+reason why the hoe should cost you fifty dollars.
+
+[Illustration: TWO HANDS
+
+One Controls the Wealth; The Other Produces It]
+
+
+
+
+Money Is King
+
+
+BY WALTER EDEN
+
+The mighty King is an exacting Tyrant. All things are dominated by
+money. It shapes the destinies of Nations. It rules trade and gives
+life or death to all enterprise, as it sees fit. In the hands of
+unscrupulous men it is the greatest known power for evil. Properly
+curbed and free from the manipulation of designing hands it may be made
+the greatest known power for good.
+
+The American people seek by law to control the trusts. They legislate
+to regulate Inter-state commerce and to punish rebating and unlawful
+restraint of trade. They give us tariff laws and levy Internal revenue
+taxes, to raise money with which to pay the expenses of government. Our
+country is quadrennially thrown into a spasm of political excitement to
+settle these and other great political questions.
+
+Standards of value are discussed, and any standard thus far proclaimed
+is shown to be unstable, fluctuating, wrongful and hurtful. Much has
+been made and lost in the past by reason of the fluctuation in the
+value of the standard of money, be it a single gold standard or a
+double standard. Government ownership is advocated by some as a panacea
+for all of our political ills. Currency, it is said, should be more
+elastic.
+
+Notwithstanding all the discussion and legislation of and concerning
+all these, and kindred questions, for more than a century, our body
+politic seems still to be sick, and like leprosy and the great white
+plague, no known remedy has been discovered for or applied to the
+patient.
+
+The wealth of the nation has been, and is now being, concentrated in
+the hands of a few. Individuals have been, and are now, accumulating
+such vast fortunes that our President has advocated a course that
+amounts to confiscation, as the only remedy for the evil.
+
+The money market can be so manipulated by a few men, that they are
+able, at pleasure, to make or unmake panics; to stagnate business; to
+appreciate or depreciate the value of stocks and bonds, and to cause
+untold suffering to the people. Innocent investors are carried from
+their feet by the maelstrom of speculation in money.
+
+No great enterprise, be it for the public good or not, can be
+accomplished without first obtaining the consent of a few men who
+control the money market. A few millions of actual investment in
+Railroad stock, it has been demonstrated, can be manipulated so as to
+control stacks of railroads amounting to over a billion dollars; when
+the maturing crop of the farmer is ready for the market, the volume of
+currency in circulation is not great enough to move the crop to market,
+and the men in power reap large profits out of the money furnished for
+this purpose. A panic follows and the farmer is made to suffer and
+either hold his grain or sell it on a declining market.
+
+The control of this greatest of all powers on earth should be taken
+from the hands of the few and deposited where it belongs, viz., into
+the hands of the Government. When this shall have been done all the
+ills which flow from this source will be healed.
+
+It has been well said by the immortal Lincoln that this is a government
+of the people, by the people and for the people; and yet, we find that
+the place where there is the most need of governing the people for the
+greatest benefit of the whole people has been neglected.
+
+Money is the controlling factor of all human agencies. Regulate it, and
+a proper regulation of most great evils will naturally follow.
+
+Money is controlled by the banker, not because he owns all the money
+which he controls; but because the masses of the people deposit their
+money with him and thus he gains power over not only the little capital
+which he invests in the stock of the bank, but over the very large
+volume of deposits which his many customers leave with him.
+
+The great power of the banker is a power placed in his hands by the
+people. The money which really gives him power is not his own, but
+belongs to the depositor.
+
+If this great power were given by the people to our Government, it
+would be more impartially exerted, because the Government is the
+people. The people would thus be protected from loss of deposits
+by failing banks, absconding bankers and rascally bank officials.
+Combinations of the people’s money in the hands of a few men, to
+benefit the few men at the expense of the people would cease.
+
+When a condition exists that is a menace to the people, a condition
+that is being taken advantage of by certain individuals to the
+detriment of the great mass of people, it is the right and the duty of
+the Government to enact such laws as will eradicate the nuisance if it
+can be done.
+
+A banking scheme can be devised that will accomplish this beneficent
+purpose. Under it an elastic currency can be established, a
+non-fluctuating standard can be provided for, the tax gatherer can
+be made to disappear, panics cease, depositors will be protected and
+unlawful combinations in restraint of trade be a thing of the past.
+
+Put the Government into the banking business and the thing will be
+accomplished.
+
+It may be charged that the scheme is too radical. It may seem so, but
+nothing is too radical that is right. It will be a very great change
+from the present system, and will be opposed by all the force and power
+of organized wealth.
+
+It may be charged that it is not authorized by the constitution. If it
+is right, change the constitution. It won’t be the first time it has
+been changed. At one time the negro was a slave with no more rights
+under our constitution than an animal. Today, by reason of a change in
+our constitution, he has all the rights of citizenship and stands on an
+equality before the law with his white brother.
+
+Let the General Government, the State, the County and the municipality
+get together and go into the banking business. Does it not look too
+vast to be comprehended? Think about it a while, Mr. American Citizen.
+Don’t brush aside the idea without consideration, but if you are not
+interested in opposing the plan, and will give the matter a little
+thought, you will see the advantages of the proposed system.
+
+Thomas W. Lawson was at one time opposing the present system; he laid
+bare many of the fraudulent and unlawful outrages perpetrated by it,
+which the system of Government bankers, if established, will be able
+to prevent. Take the present system, which he has so ably shown to be
+noxious, and transfer it from the hands of the individuals into the
+hands of the Government, and this great power, now exercised by the
+few, will be placed in the hands of the people, where it justly belongs.
+
+Give the General Government at Washington, under the supervision of
+the Treasury department of the United States, banking powers. Let
+it organize a central bank, with power to supervise and control all
+the lesser banks proposed to be organized by States, Counties, and
+municipalities. Provide by law for the opening of a bank in each state,
+under the control of the State, but to be tributary to the Central bank
+at Washington, each to be known as a United States Bank of Illinois, or
+the state in which the same is located.
+
+Provide also for tributary banks in each County, to be known as a
+United States Bank of the County in which the same is situated, with
+general banking power; it being optional, however, with each state
+to pass laws to avail itself of the banking privilege or not, as its
+legislative body may see fit; this option also to extend to each County.
+
+Make a provision that the Central bank at Washington shall receive
+deposits from County Banks and issue Government bonds for the amount
+of the deposit; the County Bank then to be empowered to issue notes,
+similar to the present National Bank Notes, to be used as a circulating
+currency among the people, to the extent of its Government bonds,
+depositing the bonds with the Central bank as a security.
+
+Give the County Bank general banking power, to receive deposits, draw
+exchange and loan money on real estate, chattel and personal security,
+under proper regulations.
+
+In Counties where the privilege of engaging in the banking business
+shall have been availed of, branch banks of the County Bank may be
+organized in such localities of the County as the County Bank may
+determine is necessary or expedient, with the same banking powers as
+the County Bank.
+
+Give to the County Banks and their branches, in addition to the
+general banking powers, power to execute Trusts, act as Executor,
+Administrator, Guardian and Conservator.
+
+Give to the County Bank, in addition to its regular issue of bank
+notes, power to issue, at any time the exigencies of the times may
+require, other bank notes, to an amount not exceeding a certain per
+cent of the assessed valuation of all real and personal property of
+the County, for the year such assessment was last made for taxation,
+upon payment to the General Government of such per centum on said
+circulating notes as will insure their prompt recall whenever the
+emergency which called for their issue shall have passed.
+
+Let the funds deposited with the Central Bank at Washington, by the
+various Counties, and for which Government Bonds shall issue, be
+loaned out by such Central Bank, at a reasonable rate of interest,
+sufficiently high to produce a profit, to enterprises of an inter-state
+character, such as railroads and other large borrowers; and let the
+same be invested in stocks and bonds of known stability in large
+amounts; thus furnishing a fund to be used in large enterprises,
+and relieving the promoters of such undertakings from being under
+the control of a few individual money lenders, and at the same time
+furnishing a source of profitable investment of the people’s money.
+
+The various state banks may be simply branches or departments of the
+Central Bank at Washington.
+
+Such State Banks may receive deposits from the various County Banks of
+any state as a medium of exchange, and the same may be loaned under
+the direction of the Central Bank, the same as the proceeds of sale of
+Government Bonds, but they shall be required to keep constantly on hand
+a certain per cent thereof, to be fixed by law, to pay exchange.
+
+The profit of the Central Bank shall be paid into the Treasury of the
+United States to defray the expenses of the Government so far as the
+same will apply.
+
+The profit of the State Banks, if there be any, shall be paid into
+the Treasury of the States respectively; and used to pay the current
+expenses of the State, as far as the same will apply.
+
+The profit of the various County Banks shall, after paying a certain
+per cent thereof, to be fixed by law, into the Treasury of the State in
+which such County is situate, be paid to the Treasurer of such County,
+to defray the expenses of the said County. And any sum so paid by any
+County into the State Treasury, to be deducted from the taxes levied in
+said County for State purposes.
+
+State Banks shall be only branches of the Central Bank and shall be a
+part of the same.
+
+County Banks shall be subject to examination and supervision by the
+Government of the United States.
+
+These observations may be crude, but certainly they are worthy of
+consideration. Is the general idea not worthy of attention?
+
+Perhaps much that has been suggested should be eliminated entirely;
+much probably should be changed; much more perhaps should be added.
+
+Time and trial of the system would bring to mind many good ideas.
+Consider it and see if a little thought given to the matter won’t make
+it look feasible and open up a much wider field for thought than merely
+the idea of a people’s bank.
+
+What are the possibilities of some such system? Not only what are the
+possibilities, but if you please, what are the probabilities as to the
+results that would follow such a system?
+
+It will settle the Trust Question because, it will take the control
+of money from the men who are interested in the Trusts, and thus
+enable competition to the Trusts to borrow money with which to go into
+business in opposition to them.
+
+It would hardly be possible, under present conditions, for a person
+or syndicate to sell bonds to supply the money with which to go into
+business in competition with the Standard Oil Company. The men who are
+in control of the money market would not dare to incur the ill will
+of such a powerful influence as that which is behind the Standard, by
+buying bonds of a rival concern. The men who are interested in such
+gigantic Trusts are the ones who control the money of the Country. So
+it is with competing lines of railroads. The men who now are in control
+of the through lines of railroad have too much influence over the money
+market to permit competing lines to be built.
+
+Give to the Government banking power, with local County Banks, and the
+currency question will settle itself. The much talked of standard of
+value will become fixed. The currency will be made as elastic as the
+exigencies of the times shall demand.
+
+We will have not only gold and silver for a basis but as well all of
+the broad acres of fertile land, the mines, the grain, the horses,
+cattle, hogs and sheep, in fact everything that goes upon the
+assessor’s book will stand behind the dollar. For the County and the
+Government will guarantee it.
+
+It will be elastic because each particular locality will have the
+power to issue emergency currency to meet the immediate needs of the
+community. The County with all its property will stand behind it,
+and surely all of the land and property in the County will furnish a
+sufficient security to make good a sufficient volume of currency to get
+the product of farm, or mine or manufactory to the market.
+
+It will furnish a security to the depositor and thus keep the money
+which should be in circulation from being hoarded; for the man who
+has a little money will have no fear of depositing it. A banking law
+recently enacted in Oklahoma has been much praised because the state
+guarantees the deposits. How much better would be a law which provides
+that in return for the guarantee of the deposits the State shall take
+down the profits of the business. Is it right that the State should
+take all the risk of losses and not share in the profits?
+
+It will settle the much disputed Tariff Question, because the profits
+arising from the banking business will probably pay all the running
+expenses of the Government, and leave a balance besides.
+
+If this should prove to be true the Custom house can be abolished and
+there will be no necessity of levying tribute on imports.
+
+It will settle the question of Internal Revenue taxes, for the
+Government will need no longer to shock the tender sensibility of the
+Prohibitionist by levying tribute on the vile Demon to support itself.
+
+It may, eventually, lead to the Government ownership in such a gradual
+manner that it will not unsettle the business interests of the Country,
+for as the revenues produced from the profits of the banking business
+increase in excess of the expenses of Government, the same can be
+invested in bonds and stocks of the Public Utilities from time to time,
+until after a number of years they would naturally be absorbed by the
+Government.
+
+The local tax collector can be discharged and our direct tax on lands
+and chattels will cease, as the profit to each County will more than
+pay the expenses of the County, including State taxes.
+
+Examine the published and sworn statement of all the local banks in
+your County, and figure a reasonable rate of interest on the deposits
+alone, not including capital stock and other sources of revenue, and
+you will find a profit per annum of more than sufficient to defray the
+expenses of your County, including maintenance of schools and roads and
+bridges.
+
+This scheme may seem visionary at first, and not feasible, but think it
+over. Don’t dismiss the idea without a thought. Surely it is worth some
+consideration. Perhaps you may get some good idea from it.
+
+Bankers will dismiss the idea, of course, as not being worthy of
+consideration. Money lenders will oppose it. Large capitalists will
+treat it lightly. To the man, however, who is interested in Government
+of the people, by the people, for the people, free from any personal
+advantage, it will surely merit your consideration.
+
+Governments are formed to regulate society and to protect the weak
+against the strong. That was the prime object of Government. That which
+vitally affects the public is proper subject of legislation. If a wrong
+is being perpetrated it should be righted by law. The people have
+the right to expect this to be done. They have it in their power to
+regulate this greatest of all necessities, money.
+
+One hears a great deal said about the necessaries of life. We talk of
+raiment to clothe us, houses to shelter us, food to satisfy our hunger
+and fuel to keep us warm, as the necessaries of life, but none of these
+things can be counted as any more necessary than money, for before we
+can procure these things we must first have money. It is the first
+necessity of life. Is it not proper that it should be put under the
+control of our Government and its control taken out of the hands of the
+few?
+
+Let all the people control, by means of a proper Government, this first
+great necessity.
+
+People’s banks will protect the depositor and make his deposit secure.
+
+People’s banks will relieve the borrower from the money shark and
+usurer, as a fixed legal rate of interest only will be charged.
+
+Let us have people’s banks, and the power of money, which is now given
+by the millions of depositors in this Country to a few men, will be
+taken out of the hands of the few and returned to the people through
+their Government. Wall Street will be transferred to Washington.
+
+Let us have people’s banks and the investor will not be crushed to the
+wall by a panic, as they will be a thing of the past. Investments will
+be more stable and more secure.
+
+The standard of value will be fixed for all time, tariff laws will need
+no amending and changing from time to time, and cause restlessness and
+uneasiness in the public mind, and every man will have an even chance
+with every other man in his race for a livelihood.
+
+
+
+
+_A DWELLER WITH THE PAST._
+
+
+    From cabin crude on lonely height—
+    Eyes piercing keen the solitude—
+    She gazes at the scarce-worn pass,
+    Where shadows ceaseless bend and brood.
+
+    A soft caress, a word or two,—
+    The pleasuring thing danced on its way;
+    But to her, guileless child, it seemed
+    That blossoms bright fell from the day.
+
+    She sighs, the sputtering wick burns low,
+    The night wind bends the long hill grass,
+    And the soul of that fleeting bygone day
+    Glides noiseless o’er the rock-ribbed pass.
+                                 Ricardo Minor.
+
+
+
+
+Clippings from Exchanges
+
+
+OSCAR HAMMERSTEIN.
+
+An old Yankee fisherman up in Maine said to his son who was starting
+out to seek his fortune, “Sonnie, mind what I tell ye, in this here
+world you’ve either got to cut bait or fish.” Oscar Hammerstein,
+humorist, father of six children, plunger, man of business, cigar
+machine inventor, real estate speculator, vaudeville manager, composer,
+theater builder and impresario, is one of the men who fishes.
+
+[Illustration: OSCAR HAMMERSTEIN]
+
+He fishes where he pleases, when he pleases, and how he pleases. “He
+wants what he wants when he wants it,” and what’s more he gets it. When
+he wants to do a thing he asks Oscar Hammerstein’s advice. If Oscar
+Hammerstein says go ahead he goes ahead.
+
+This man has the faculty of disembodying himself. He looks upon himself
+objectively. He has implicit confidence in Oscar Hammerstein—in his
+judgment, in his courage, in his indomitable perseverance, in his star.
+The psychologists talk about the subliminal self. It is some such self
+which is Oscar Hammerstein’s guide, philosopher, friend, and mentor.
+
+I asked Mr. Hammerstein if he had a Board of Directors. He replied,
+“Certainly; see that long table there with all those chairs round it?
+Those chairs are my directors. I sit at the head of that table and vote
+myself a salary of $150,000 and my Directors pass it unanimously. I
+suggest; they approve.”
+
+One day about forty-three years ago a rich father Hammerstein in
+Berlin cruelly beat a young Hammerstein with a skate strap. That young
+Hammerstein was Oscar, and he decided he had had enough of that sort of
+thing. Taking his father’s violin he escaped from the music room where
+he was imprisoned. Selling the violin for thirty dollars he bought a
+steerage passage on a sailing ship bound for America. He says of this
+incident:
+
+“I landed on these shores covered with vermin and without a cent. After
+a time I came to a sign which read, ‘Cigar Makers Wanted. Paid While
+You Learn.’ So I went in and applied for a job—not because I had
+any passion for making cigars, but because I didn’t want to starve.”
+Within a short time this two-dollar-a-week cigar maker’s apprentice had
+invented a machine for binding cigar fillers which he sold for $6,000.
+
+His many inventions have revolutionized the entire cigar making
+industry. He has now a music room and a machine shop. After three in
+the afternoon he divides his time between composing and inventing. Mr.
+Hammerstein is a man who makes and loses fortunes. The last time he
+went under was about ten years ago, when his great three part Olympia
+Theater failed utterly. He said, “That cleaned me out—lost one million
+and a half. I realized that after the things were sold at auction I
+wouldn’t have a dollar. Even to pay the rent for my modest apartment
+was a problem.”
+
+“What did you do?”
+
+“Do! I lit a cigar and took a long walk.”
+
+“How did you feel—discouraged?”
+
+“Felt fine! Discouraged, not a bit! I’ve never in my life felt
+discouraged or despondent. I’m something of a victim of melancholy, but
+that has nothing whatever to do with external events. It comes over
+me when my affairs are prospering most. But I’ve never been afraid of
+anybody or anything.
+
+“What I did is too long a story. But mark this! If you have an honest
+conviction as to the right thing to do you can do it! If you have
+absolute faith in yourself, other people are bound to have faith in
+you. No question about it.”
+
+Later one of Mr. Hammerstein’s assistants told me one thing he did
+in this emergency. He sold his grand piano and with the proceeds as
+his capital started the great Victoria vaudeville theater on Long
+Acre Square. Its out of the way site alone irrevocably condemned it
+to failure in the opinion of all the theatrical experts except its
+builder. One of his sons is now running it with immense success.
+
+“I have only one partner,” continued Mr. Hammerstein—“my knowledge of
+human nature. I have the greatest conductor in the world—Campanini.
+I went to Europe and saw him conduct and decided I must have him. I
+met him and made him believe in me and he came. He had never heard of
+Oscar Hammerstein. I didn’t show him my bank book. It wouldn’t have
+impressed him if I had. It was the same way with Madame Melba and with
+all the others. They liked me, they believed in me, and they came with
+me. They won’t sing for a man they don’t believe in, no matter how many
+thousands he may offer them.
+
+“When I started this opera house over here my friends were on the
+point of engaging a cell for me at Matteawan. Now my opera is a great
+success. With the exception of Caruso the Metropolitan singers can’t
+compare with mine. Of course, there’s not much money in this business.
+If money was what I wanted I should sell suspenders or shoe strings.
+
+“No, I never asked or took anybody’s advice about anything in my life.
+Why should I? I know my own affairs better than anybody else can. I
+have no secretary. I have no bookkeeper. Of course I have a treasurer
+to handle the funds. I haven’t even a stenographer.”
+
+“Why should I sit here and waste my time dictating letters about
+matters that don’t concern me to people that don’t interest me. When a
+letter really requires an answer I write a few lines in pencil on the
+letter itself and send it back to the writer. Here’s my letter file,”
+pointing to a capacious waste-basket, “and a very good one it makes.
+I never could understand why people should feel obliged to answer
+letters. All sorts of people write me about their affairs—not mine!
+Why should I spend my time writing people about their own affairs? Of
+course, helping people who deserve it is quite another matter.
+
+“One quality that has always helped me immensely is my
+faculty—absolutely—to wipe the past from my mind. I look only to the
+future. I work only for the future. I drag no dead weights after me.
+But, no man knows why he does things. He can’t help expressing what
+is in him. The genius or talent or aptitude or whatever you call it,
+that is born in him is bound to come out no matter what his outward
+circumstances. The people who never discover their bent have none
+to discover. If you are a reporter and you don’t like the way your
+fountain pen works you make it work better. You invent another pen; and
+then, before you know it, you find yourself a pen manufacturer.”
+
+With twinkling eyes and one of his contagious, boyish laughs Mr.
+Hammerstein got up from his desk and said, “Now I must excuse
+myself to attend one of those Directors’ meetings I was telling you
+about.”—Lyman Beecher Stowe.
+
+
+
+
+A MAGIC MOMENT.
+
+
+(By Lilian Whiting.)
+
+    I love you, love you! only this
+            I have to say;
+    All other visions, hopes and dreams
+            Must go their way.
+
+    Your lightest word outweighs for me
+            The universe beside;
+    My thought responds to all your own
+            As ocean’s tide
+
+    Unfailingly leaps up to meet
+            The moon’s sure call;
+    Or as the stars in evening skies
+            Must shine for all.
+
+    Life is no longer drift and dream,
+            But vivified;
+    And all its radiance, all its faiths,
+            Are multiplied.
+
+    Music and magic lay their spell
+            Upon the days
+    That dawn in rose and wane in gold
+            And purple haze.
+
+    O wondrous spirit-call that came
+            From out the air
+    To make all life forevermore
+            Divinely fair.
+                      —Harper’s Bazaar.
+
+
+
+
+KEEP POPULIST CHICKS AT HOME.
+
+
+The editor of the Lawton Weekly Democrat, in commenting on the election
+said, “Some time ago we borrowed a Rooster from the News-Republican,
+to use in celebrating the Democratic victory we just knew was going
+to take place November 3rd. However, about 9 o’clock Tuesday night
+our Rooster began to feel unwell and we called in medical assistance,
+sat up with him all night; but shortly before noon on Wednesday he
+turned over on his back and uttered a feeble good bye. Like many other
+democrats we realize now the mistake we made in borrowing too much
+from the Republican party. We are now searching for an egg from which
+to hatch one of those stout healthy roosters of the pure Jeffersonian
+Breed.”
+
+Such an egg cannot be found in any hen house save the Populist and
+such a chicken if turned loose in the Democratic flock, like Bryan who
+was hatched in the Populist hen house, will soon be killed.—Peoples’
+Voice, Norman, Okla.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+HARRIMAN BLOCKED.
+
+For once E. H. Harriman has found himself blocked. The laws of Texas
+protect investors by prohibiting mergers with large systems, and Texas
+laws further require that all railroads within her borders shall be
+owned and operated by local corporations. Every State in the Union
+could have protected its citizens by such laws and prevented gigantic
+mergers of Harriman, Hill et al.
+
+The anti-corporation wave that is sweeping over the Lone Star State
+will not quickly subside and if Harriman thinks that he can re-arrange
+the laws of Texas to suit his convenience he fails to realize that he
+must reckon with a people who are not owned by monopoly.
+
+The Espee does not select the Governor of Texas at a dinner in New York
+a year in advance of the election, neither does it control the Railroad
+Commission, the Legislature or the Courts of that State. It is one
+of the chief beneficiaries of the system of centralism that has been
+fastened upon some of the States, notably California and Nevada.
+
+It is gratifying to know that there is one State strong enough to check
+the octopus and prevent a combine of the railroad lines within its
+borders to the injury of the many and the benefit of the few.—The San
+Bernardina (Cal.) Free Press.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+THE HUNTING SEASON.
+
+Today ushers in the season of the sportsman’s delight. From now on
+for the next few weeks the popping of guns will be heard throughout
+the land, and the wild life of field and wood will spend its days in
+bewildered trepidation.
+
+Thus man returns to the primal instinct that drove him forth to forage
+for his daily provender in the era before agriculture and stock yards
+began to supply his needs in a scientific manner.
+
+It must seem strange to the birds and beasts, this sudden explosion of
+humanity. Could they reason, what would be their judgment of beings who
+find pleasure in inflicting pain and death on inoffensive creatures?
+In their own struggle for existence they have their tragedies, but
+these are based upon the necessities of nature. Man’s invasion of their
+haunts with snare and gun is too often wanton.
+
+As civilization progresses the hunting passion will disappear. Already
+we are learning to value the birds for their usefulness as destroyers
+of harmful insects, and coming to appreciate the beauty and wonder of
+the life that belongs to the little wild animals in our woods. The
+camera is superseding the shotgun; intelligent study and understanding
+are taking the place of senseless destruction. The invention of gun
+powder was an epoch-making event, but the world will be happier when we
+have outgrown its use.—Louisville Herald.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+WALL STREET PICKS THE GOAT.
+
+Charles W. Morse, found guilty of misapplying the funds of the National
+Bank of North America and of falsifying the books of the bank, has been
+sentenced to serve fifteen years in the federal prison at Atlanta. As
+has been said, this is one way of guaranteeing bank deposits.
+
+But what about those other bankers in New York who have been guilty of
+precisely the same kind of offenses for which Morse is to be punished?
+Why is it that the other high financiers whose criminal banking methods
+were largely responsible for the recent panic that left a trail of ruin
+throughout the country are permitted to go unpunished?
+
+Is it because the big Wall Street interests wanted to make Morse the
+goat, just as they have made a special crusade against Heinze?
+
+Can it be that criminal bankers are not to be punished unless they have
+the ill luck to be particularly offensive to the New York banking and
+stock gambling trust?—Buffalo (N. Y.) Republic.
+
+
+
+
+ONWARD!
+
+
+By Park Benjamin.
+
+    Press on! there’s no such word as fail;
+      Press nobly on! the goal is near—
+    Ascend the mountain! breast the gale!
+      Look upward, onward—never fear!
+    Why shouldst thou faint? Heaven rules above.
+      Though storm and vapor intervene
+    The sun shines on, whose name is love,
+      Serenely o’er life’s shadowed scene.
+
+    Press on! If Fortune plays thee false
+      Today, tomorrow she’ll be true;
+    Whom now she sinks she now exalts,
+      Taking old gifts and granting new.
+    The wisdom of the present hour
+      Makes up for follies past and gone;
+    To weakness strength succeeds, and power
+      From frailty springs—press on! press on!
+                               —The Carpenter.
+
+
+
+
+A PIPE DREAM.
+
+
+The Atlanta Georgian in its Tuesday edition contains an editorial
+headed “A Misleading Epigram,” anent Tom Watson’s splendid speech to
+the Farmers’ Union convention in New Orleans.
+
+During the course of Mr. Watson’s speech he had occasion to coin the
+following epigram: “If the farmers are the backbone of the country, we
+have a complicated case of spinal trouble.”
+
+The Georgian goes on to say that the farmer of today is in better shape
+than ever before. If this statement had been made two, or even one,
+year ago, it could have been overlooked.
+
+To say that the farmer is in good shape now, or words to that effect,
+is a great deal more misleading than the above epigram. The writer
+lives in one of the very best and most progressive farming sections
+of the state. He comes in daily contact with the farmer. Taking the
+conditions that exist here as an example, we find the farmers as
+a whole in worse shape than they have been in several years. As a
+consequence of this those who depend on the farmer, as most everybody
+does in the small towns, are in worse shape than the farmer. The
+Georgian gives as a reason for the good condition in which the farmer
+finds himself, that they are diversifying their crops. Our observation
+that his failure to diversify is the main cause of his helpless
+condition now. Too much cotton has broken, in a sense, the backbone
+of the country, and, as Mr. Watson remarks, it is afflicted with a
+complicated case of spinal trouble.
+
+The Georgian merely has a pipe dream of what should be, and what would
+be if the farmer would diversify, and arrives at the conclusion that it
+already exists.—Royston Record.
+
+
+
+
+THE CURSE OF THE NATION.
+
+
+The banker organizes a national bank having $100,000 capital, with
+which he buys $100,000 of United States bonds, “on which he draws
+interest in advance and pays no tax.” The government engraves, prints,
+and sends him notes to be used as money, to the face value of the
+bonds. Nominally these notes cost him $5.00 a thousand. He lends them
+out at from six to ten per cent on the thousand, or from sixty to one
+hundred dollars on the thousand. Then by a system of bank credits,
+which would be incredible if it were not so capable of proof, he
+multiplies his loans until he draws interest on NINE times more money
+than he ever put into his business.
+
+To cap the climax, he gets the Government to surrender its revenue
+to his keeping, lends out these millions also, ... DRAWING ANOTHER
+INTEREST FROM THE TAX PAYERS WHOSE OWN MONEY HE IS LENDING BACK TO THEM.
+
+What a mockery of equal and exact justice! What do you think of your
+old party representatives’ business ability, who issue United States
+bonds at 2, 3, or 4 per cent and turn around and loan it to the
+bankers at one-half of one per cent? With their twenty-five per cent
+reserves loaned to other banks and loaned to the gamblers of Wall
+street, as well as to the ones operating a gambling hell of the like
+kind in every large city, sending call money to eighty and more per
+cent. “And at last the chickens come home to roost, ... when the bogus
+dollars come to the doors of the bank clamoring for recognition and
+redemption, these silk hat thieves get together, refuse to honor their
+own notes, refuse to pay depositors, decline to cash checks; issue a
+nasty Clearing House Certificate, compel the business world to accept
+it as money, and thus MAKE ANOTHER PROFIT OUT OF THE WRITTEN EVIDENCE
+OF THEIR OWN DISHONESTY.” The United States bonds are a first liability
+of the Government. The National Bank notes are a second liability, and
+these pawnbrokers of a nation’s energy and productiveness propose a
+third liability based on your deposits and their capital, called for
+euphony, asset currency (asses’ money). This is the way they want to
+get the elastic currency (rubber money) whereby the exceeding hard
+work of the banker is to sign his name to thousand dollar bills and
+get in exchange your hard labor, inventive ability, and its products.
+They tell you to “work hard, save your money, and put it in the bank.”
+Why should your government tax you for their benefit, when you can do
+it directly without them? “Is it ‘equal and exact justice’ to allow
+six thousand national bankers to turn your credit into a mint for
+themselves, at your expense? Is there any defense of a system which
+turns Government credit and cash over to a favored few?” “They say
+their issue of money is good,” but your Government issuing money to you
+direct is “repudiation and national dishonor.” “Money is the life-blood
+of trade.” Will you leave in the hands of these pawnbrokers the power
+to cut your business in half, curtail enterprise, reduce the workers’
+wages, and diminish thereby the markets of the country?
+
+The Peoples’ Party position on the money question is based on the
+United States Supreme Court’s decision, in The Legal Tender cases of
+1862 and 1863, as well as the Supreme Courts of nineteen Northern
+States.—Ohio Liberty Bell.
+
+
+
+
+The Lamb In the Rain
+
+
+    How sweet a tune it was to cuddle down to
+    Under the big star quilt that grandma made,
+    The rain upon the roof! enough to drown you—
+    And we made out, you know, we were afraid.
+
+    And then you wondered—and the thought would wake you
+    Wide awake a moment with its pain,
+    If there could be—and how your heart would ache you—
+    A little lamb somewhere out in the rain.
+
+    And so, when mother came—how mothers love you!
+    To kiss her good-night kiss, you’d question low
+    And when she told you—bending there above you—
+    “All little lambs are in,” you knew ’twas so.
+
+    How in your very heart of hearts you’d thank her!
+    For all your little throat just ached to weep;
+    Then, with a few deep breaths that dragged their anchor,
+    Your tender heart and you were fast asleep.
+
+    Again the rain upon the roof is beating;
+    O Heart, dear Heart, I hear you where I am;
+    And all your mother-soul’s incessant bleating
+    For yours—your own unsheltered little lamb!
+
+    But look, dear Heart, dear Heart, one bends above you
+    With more than mother-tenderness to kiss
+    Your soul into assurance; mother love you?—
+    Ah, gentler than her gentlest love is this!
+
+    Look, to His Heart your little one lies closer
+    Than even to your own heart hath it been!
+    Confide it, little mater dolorosa,
+    And rest; for know “All little lambs are in.”
+
+    White Springs, Fla.
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration: LETTERS FROM THE PEOPLE.
+
+THOS. E. WATSON, AUTHOR OF RURAL FREE DELIVERY.]
+
+
+POPULISM WILL SWEEP THE COUNTRY.
+
+Greenville, Pa., Nov. 19, 1908.
+
+Hon. Tom Watson,
+
+Thomson, Ga.
+
+Dear Sir:
+
+Allow me to congratulate you on the grand fight that you made in
+Georgia. Would to God that such a fight could be made in every state
+in the Union. It would, and I believe that it will anyhow, sweep the
+country within a shorter time than most of us dream of. Down at heart
+the great mass of the people are Populists and what a people are at
+heart is bound to reach the head in time.
+
+The sophistry of Mr. Bryan having now been exploded, Populism will
+again get its old time consideration. Millions of voters were, by
+Mr. Bryan’s boyhood days’ stand, led to believe that he was really a
+Populist, which now stands so plainly refuted that no man ought longer
+be fooled unless he wants to be.
+
+The suggestion on your part to call a conference would, I believe,
+prove a good move. As a meeting place, the farther South and West, the
+better. It would bring you closer to the great mass of voters who know
+more what Populism means than we do of the East and North.
+
+What little I can do for the cause, I shall most gladly do. Always at
+your command, allowed my name to be used here in the last election as a
+candidate for Assembly. Got 138 votes in the county; more than enough
+that our party will hereafter have a place on the ticket without having
+to get out a petition.
+
+With best wishes and a God speed you in the noble work engaged, I am,
+
+                                    Very truly yours,
+                                               WILLIAM LOOSER.
+
+
+
+
+GOVERNMENT SHOULD ISSUE ALL MONEY.
+
+
+Military Home, Dayton, O.
+
+Oct. 20, 1908.
+
+Thomas E. Watson,
+
+Thomsan, Ga.
+
+Sir:
+
+You know as well as I do that were it not for England’s paper money,
+Napoleon would not have lost the battle of Waterloo. Would it not be
+wise, and acceptable to all, to, in your speeches, advocate the issue
+of Greenbacks exclusively by the Federal Government? Answer, Yes or No.
+
+                                       Respectfully,
+                                               CAPT. A. R. TITUS.
+
+(Yes.)
+
+
+
+
+ONLY QUESTION WORTH WHILE.
+
+
+Denver, Col., Oct. 13, 1908.
+
+Hon. Thomas E. Watson,
+
+Thomson, Ga.
+
+Friend Watson:
+
+I want to compliment you on the splendid work you are doing in your
+publications. I am glad you give space to the money question, for it
+is really the only question worth while. With an insufficient money
+supply no economic system, however good, will succeed. No matter how
+high an ethical standard we may have or how industrious the people
+may be, poverty will stalk through the land if we do not have a money
+volume equal to our money needs. Our money shortage begets interest
+and the consumer pays all interest in commercial transactions. What is
+our money shortage? I place it at not less than fifteen billion. We
+could use thirteen billion for the one purpose of conserving wealth,
+and we could certainly use two billion in active circulation. Our bank
+deposits were more than thirteen billion, and we had less than three
+billion in circulation. The fact that we can and do use credit to help
+out the money shortage, does not alter the fact that we should have
+tangible money to use instead of being forced to use credit, which
+always carries with it the =interest= charge.
+
+But enough of this. No answer expected, though I do appreciate a letter
+from you. I know your time is too precious. A man that writes for
+millions now and millions yet to come can not afford to write to one
+lone person, and I think you are =writing for the ages=.
+
+                                   Yours with best wishes,
+                                                RICHARD WOLFE.
+
+
+
+
+WE ALSO WISH IT.
+
+
+Luzerne, N. Y., Oct. 24, 1908.
+
+Hon. Thomas E. Watson,
+
+Thomson, Ga.
+
+Dear Sir:
+
+I wish it were possible for you to make sufficient inroads in the
+South to help build up a great new party which would have some honest
+convictions as to the people’s right to rule themselves, a democracy of
+vital grip.
+
+                                          Success to you,
+                                                  GEO. THOMAS.
+
+
+
+
+A FINE LETTER FROM MRS. MARION TODD.
+
+
+Springport, Mich., Dec. 16, 1908.
+
+My Dear Mr. Watson:
+
+Anything that appears to have your endorsement is worthy of
+consideration, and, as the language of Dr. S. Leland, in your last
+Magazine, in his speech refers to woman in an offensive manner, I
+inflict this article upon you and consider it only fair that it be
+placed before the same readers. Dr. Leland refers to woman in the
+following language:
+
+“They will be anything for love, and if they can’t get that * * * some
+will rush into the lecture field—join the Salvation Army—form Women’s
+Rights Societies, and do deeds that make the angels weep.”
+
+It’s not surprising that women join the Salvation Army, since it’s an
+Army that has done more good than all the churches on earth have ever
+done; but what really puzzles me is how Dr. Leland happened to know
+that the angels weep because women rush into the lecture field—form
+Women’s Rights Societies, etc. Was he so close to the angels that he
+could hear the rustle of their wings? There is no known record of
+angels weeping over woman suffrage societies, etc. The only thing
+that approaches a record of weeping angels is, that Lucifer, in his
+tilt with heavenly comrades, =might= have wept, not because of woman
+suffrage societies, evidently, but probably because he happened to be
+kicked over the battlements of Glory. We hope Dr. Leland, who is now
+dead, found better favor in the beyond than did Lucifer, since he was
+no doubt as good a man would like to find a place could be.
+
+Dr. Leland informs us that “true women are not public
+brawlers”—otherwise lecturers. The poor, dear man! Did he think a
+public lecturer had to be a brawler? The sainted Mary E. Willard was a
+public lecturer, imagine her a public brawler! She did more good than
+and left an Influence superior to that of any man in the nation. Her
+name is found upon the scroll of honor, where many a man would like to
+find a place. Mrs. Maud Ballington Booth is a =public speaker=. Let all
+men uncover their heads at the mention of her name.
+
+Dr. Leland says: “Administrative faculties are not hers.”
+
+Without a trial how could he know she was so deficient? Man has
+demonstrated his ability in that line; God forbid that woman develops
+the same kind if the opportunity ever occurs.
+
+Public plunder and panics, the murder of babies in workshop and
+factory, a Congress, so corrupt that trusts and corporations rule the
+land—such is the administration of man. Dr. Leland says the forum is
+no place for her silver voice, but the rotten reign of man makes it
+the most appropriate place, for the cesspool will not cleanse itself.
+We are informed further that “woman discusses =not= the course of the
+planets.” What the discussion of the planets has to do with the right
+of suffrage is not exactly clear, as I believe there are a few voters
+who are unqualified to discuss the course of the planets. In case
+it has a bearing, I would announce that it was a woman who drew the
+world’s prize in competition with the wisest in this line but a short
+time ago. The Doctor said:
+
+“She guides =no= vessels through the night and tempest across the
+trackless sea.” But she does greater things. She possesses the heart
+and heroism to jeopardize her life in rescuing the shipwrecked. We have
+many a Grace Darling, we have many a Florence Nightingale, who have
+manifested greater bravery and brain than required to guide a vessel.
+But this latter charge will not hold today.
+
+Finally, as a clincher, the Doctor stated that “the strength of
+Milton’s poetic vision is far beyond her delicate perception, she would
+have been affrighted at that fiery sea upon whose flaming billows—
+
+                  ‘Satan, with head above the waves
+                   And eyes that sparkling blazed.’”
+
+We =again= find the Doctor an =incompetent= judge of woman. A wife who
+has to encounter a drunken husband time after time, and who lives in
+terror of her life, is used to blazing eyes and bleared eyes, and all
+kinds. She would prefer to meet Satan, any time, for there is no record
+of his being a “drunk.”
+
+Woman asks for the ballot that she may vote this worst of hells out of
+her life. Yet we find men who respect her so much they would withhold
+this privilege of defense.
+
+Such chivalry is sick and needs medicine.
+
+                                        (Mrs.) Marion Todd.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+A VICTIM OF MILITARY DISCIPLINE.
+
+Dear Mr. Watson:
+
+I am requested to write out the details of the execution of a
+Confederate soldier at Morton, Mississippi, in July, 1863. I will
+endeavor to do so to the best of my recollection; and I think that what
+I shall write will be substantially correct, because the incident is
+frescoed upon my memory.
+
+During the siege of Vicksburg, General Joseph E. Johnson was placed in
+command of the Army in Mississippi which was being organized outside
+to relieve General Pemberton. General W. H. T. Walker commanded a
+division in said Army. His command consisted of the brigares of Guist,
+Wilson, McNair, Ector and Gregg. I was on the staff of General Gregg.
+We were for some time at Yazoo City preparing to move on the rear of
+General Grant, who was then closely besieging Vicksburg. When we got
+ready and our large supply train prepared (which we expected to take
+into Vicksburg), we marched from Yazoo City towards the Big Black Creek
+and encamped some days at a little hamlet called Vernon, a few miles
+West of Canton. While in camp there, one day a regiment of cavalry
+passed along the road, by the side of which the 46th Georgia Regiment
+was encamped. This regiment was commanded by Colonel Peyton Colquitt,
+who was afterwards killed at Chickamauga. Some one recognized a man in
+the cavalry who formerly belonged to the 46th Georgia. The soldier had
+deserted from the latter regiment whilst it was on the Georgia coast,
+and joined this regiment of cavalry. He was arrested—charges preferred
+against him for desertion. He was tried by a court martial which was
+sitting at Vernon.
+
+The man was convicted, but no publication was then made of the results
+of the trial, but the findings were regularly forwarded to General
+Johnson’s headquarters, and then we broke camp and moved down to the
+Big Black for the purpose of crossing to attack General Grant. Indeed,
+we reached the point to cross on the night of July 3rd, and the
+engineer corps was preparing to throw the pontoons across, when news
+came that Vicksburg had surrendered. Then we commenced our retrograde
+movement towards Jackson—passing through Clinton, Mississippi, en
+route. Sherman was sent in pursuit and we reached Jackson one day ahead
+of him and went into the works which had been prepared for the defense
+of Jackson.
+
+Sherman immediately extended his besieging lines with both flanks
+resting on Pearl River, forming a semi-circle, leaving the Eastern
+side of the city open for our retreat. I think we remained there one
+week before retreating. General Johnson found it impossible to keep
+Sherman from crossing the river and getting in his rear and, therefore,
+evacuated the works and took up his line of march one night towards
+Meridian. After we were some distance on the road beyond Brandon, a
+terrific rain-storm came on, with heavy thunder and lightning. The
+rain was so heavy and the night so dark the troops scarcely march,
+encountering here and there wagons and artillery stuck in the mud.
+
+We reached Morton about daylight and went into camp. The sun rose in
+all its brightness and intensity of July heat. The troops were drying
+off and preparing their camp for cooking, etc., when this convicted
+soldier struggled up to the provost guard and said to the Major in
+command: “Well, Major, I got lost last night but am up as soon as I
+could find you.” The officer turned over to the guard and said: “I am
+sorry you came up for orders have been issued that you must be shot
+today at one o’clock p. m.”
+
+When General Walker learned of this incident, his sympathies were
+aroused and he and Major Cumming mounted their horses and rode to
+General Johnson’s headquarters. General Walker dismounted, recited
+the facts to his superior officer and interceded for the poor fellow.
+The only reply was: “General Walker, my orders must be obeyed.” The
+latter saluted and replied, “General, they shall be,” and mounted his
+horse. With tears in his eyes he instructed Major Cumming to have Major
+Schauff (I do not know that I spell this name correctly) make a detail
+for the execution and carry it out at 1 o’clock promptly.
+
+He then ordered the division out to witness the execution. The brigade
+formed three sides of a square in a large old field flanked by second
+growth of pines; the grave had been dug in the center of it, his coffin
+resting on the further side from the firing squad. The condemned man
+asked not to be blindfolded; his hands were tied behind his back,
+he knelt on his coffin, and in the presence of the whole division,
+including his old 46th Georgia Regiment and his comrades therein, and
+was shot to death, placed in his box, or coffin, and was buried right
+there in that old field.
+
+The saddest part of it was that the testimony showed he had been so
+good and gallant soldier in his adopted regiment, and he stated the
+only reason he left the 46th Georgia was that he got tired of inaction
+down on the coast and wanted to be where he could do some fighting. He
+also stated that he had a wife and child at home in Georgia.
+
+I wish I knew his name and Company, but I do not. Major Cumming may.
+
+I think these facts are substantially correct, and hope they will be of
+some service to you.
+
+                                                     M. P. CARROLL.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration: BOOK REVIEWS]
+
+
+  =Poem Outlines.= By Sidney Lanier. Charles
+   Scribner’s Sons, Publishers, New York.
+
+D’Israeli’s “Calamities and Quarrels of Authors” may be ransacked in
+vain for an example of misfortune, suffering and heroic combat with
+adversity, more pathetic and more admirable than that of Sidney Lanier.
+
+The literary history of our own country presents many an instance of
+the neglected genius, struggling with poverty, but none of them appeals
+to us quite so powerfully as does that of the Georgia poet who wrote
+the “Hymn to Sunrise”—wrote it when his hand was too weak to lift food
+to his mouth and when his fever temperature was 104.
+
+Born in Macon, Ga., in 1842, he had hardly graduated, with the first
+honor, at Oglethorpe College, before the Civil War drew him, a youth of
+eighteen, into the Macon Volunteers, the first Georgia troops that went
+to the front.
+
+At the end of the war,—in which he had been in several battles and had
+spent months in prison—he returned on foot to Georgia.
+
+After a long and desperate illness, he went to Alabama, where he
+clerked in a store in Montgomery, and then became a school teacher.
+
+He married in 1868 and soon afterwards had the first hemorrhage from
+the lungs.
+
+Returning to Macon, he studied law and began its practice, with his
+father.
+
+The lung trouble was a fixture, however, and he went to New York for
+treatment. The remainder of his life presents the distressing spectacle
+of pursuer and pursued—the Disease in chase of the victim. We find
+him now in Texas, then in Florida, now in Pennsylvania, then in North
+Carolina,—with his remorseless enemy on his trail, always.
+
+In the occasional improvements in his health, in the temporary respites
+from the implacable foe, was done the literary work which gives Sidney
+Lanier his place in the hall of fame. A born musician, he played organ,
+piano, flute, violin, banjo and guitar, but his preference was the
+violin and his specialty the flute.
+
+It was his exquisite music on the flute which secured and held for him
+the leadership of the Peabody Symphony Concerts, in Baltimore. To this
+city he went to live in 1873, and Baltimore was his home during the few
+years that were left to him.
+
+There is no record of a braver struggle with poverty and disease than
+that made by the Georgia poet during these last tragical years.
+
+Fugitive writings for the magazines, lecture courses to private
+classes, books in prose and books in verse, first-flute in an
+orchestra, public lectures at the Peabody Institute, and then the final
+scene in North Carolina where the long, hideous battle comes to its
+pitiful close. (Aug. 1881.)
+
+It is not probable that Sidney Lanier ever got much money out of his
+books.
+
+“Tiger Lilies,” his novel, made no hit; “The Science of English Verse”
+could not possibly appeal to many; and even his volumes of verse had
+no considerable recognition during the poet’s life-time. Indeed, it
+is doubtful whether Lanier will ever be one of the favorites of all
+classes, like Burns and Byron, Longfellow and Bret Harte.
+
+It appears to be the literal fact that the Georgia poet was =always=
+hard up. Poverty and Consumption were =always= dogging his steps. To
+keep himself and family from want, he =had= to be first-flute in the
+Concert, =had= to deliver those lectures. No matter how weak he was, no
+matter how ill and depressed, he =had= to go,—and he =did= go and go
+and go, until he was so far spent that it may be said that his last
+lectures were the death-rattle of a dying man. It is said that his
+hearers, to whom his condition was but too evident, listened to these
+final discourses “in a kind of fascinated terror.”
+
+Read this extract from one of his letters to his wife:
+
+“So many great ideas for Art are born to me each day, =I am swept away
+into the land of All-Delight by their strenuous sweet whirlwind=; and
+I find within myself such entire, yet humble, confidence of possessing
+every single element of power to carry them all out, =save the little
+paltry sum of money that would suffice to keep us clothed and fed in
+the meantime=.
+
+“=I do not understand this=.”
+
+(The black type is ours.)
+
+It reminds one of that letter of Edgar Poe, written to Childers of
+Georgia, requesting a small loan and saying simply, abjectly, “I am so
+miserably poor and friendless.”
+
+His poverty cowed Poe, and caused him to do unmanly things. Poverty
+did not cow Sidney Lanier, and never in his life did he do an unmanly
+thing. Much of the time he was not able to have his family with him.
+Therefore, the battle that was fought by this unfearing soul was a sick
+man, a lonely man, a care-worn man, a sensitive man, a very poor man
+against odds that he knew he could not long resist.
+
+In 1905, Charles Scribner’s Sons brought out a complete collection of
+the “Poems of Sidney Lanier, edited by his wife.” Of those poems we
+have not space to write.
+
+The present volume is unique and to those who value the brief
+suggestion which fires a train of thought, it is valuable,—exceedingly
+so.
+
+Not all of these “Outlines” are properly so called. Many of them are as
+complete in themselves as are the Cameos of Walter Savage Landor.
+
+Like other Georgia bards—A. R. Watson, Dr. Frank Tickner, Joel
+Chandler Harris, Frank L. Stanton and Don Marquis,—Sidney Lanier could
+put so much thought and beauty into four lines as to give one a sense
+of perfection.
+
+For example,
+
+           “And then
+     A gentle violin =mated= with the flute,
+    =And both flew off into a wood of harmony,
+           Two doves of tone=.”
+
+=That= is not the “=Outline=” of a poem; it is =a poem=, perfect in its
+way and complete in itself. =There was nothing more to be said.=
+
+Again,
+
+    “=Tolerance, like a Harbor=, lay
+     Smooth and shining and secure,
+    =Where ships carrying every flag
+     Of faith were anchored in peace=.”
+
+This also,
+
+    “Who doubts but Eve had a rose in her hair
+       Ere fig leaves fettered her limbs?
+     So Life wore poetry’s perfect rose
+       Before ’twas clothed with economic prose.”
+
+And,
+
+    “How did’st thou win her, Death?
+     Thou art the only rival that ever made her cold to me.”
+
+And,
+
+    “Wan Silence lying, lip on ground.
+    =An outcast Angel from the heaven of sound=,
+           Prone and desolate
+           By the shut Gate.”
+
+One more selection, and we leave off:
+
+           “Look out Death, I am coming,
+   =Art thou not glad?= What talks we’ll have,
+            What mem’ries of old battles.
+    Come, bring the bowl, Death; I am thirsty.”
+
+This is no “Outline”; it is a complete poem, =a terribly complete
+poem=. Like the flash in a night of storm, it lights up a world of
+raging elements and universal gloom.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+    =“Pokahuntas, Maid of Jamestown.”=
+        By Anne Sanford Green. The Exponent Press, Culpeper, Va.
+
+In the Introduction, the author says,
+
+“We have expended great pains, and much time and thought, to
+demonstrate that the whole story of Pokahuntas and John Smith was
+mainly true, and not mythological, and unfit to be told, as some
+Virginia historians have been at pains to prove.
+
+“But really, that it was true that Captain John Smith loved the Indian
+maiden, and that he was the one love of her life.”
+
+The author cites the county records of Virginia to substantiate the
+facts upon which her story rests, and uses extensively the work of
+Annas Todkill, “My Lady Pokahuntas,” published in the seventeenth
+century.
+
+Out of these materials has been evolved a narrative which is deeply
+interesting. How the Indian girl saved Captain Smith’s life, how she
+came to love him, how she saved the colony from starvation, how the
+enemies of Captain Smith finally made his position unbearable and how
+he sailed away, after a tender leave-taking of Pokahuntas, how the
+ungrateful colonists captured the girl and held her as hostage, how the
+report of Captain Smith’s death came to Jamestown and was believed by
+all, how the Indian maiden was wooed and won by Rolfe, how she went to
+England and was the honored guest of royalty, how she saw Captain Smith
+at Shakespeare’s theatre, how her love for him revived and filled her
+with despair, how she sickened and died,—such is the outline of this
+fascinating story. The author tells it, without the waste of a word,
+and with simplicity, directness and force.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+    =Disastrous Financial Panics=: Cause and Remedy.
+       By Jesse Gillmore, San Diego, Cal. Price 25 cents.
+
+“Indeed, a most love of a book,” wrote some one rapturously of a volume
+which had pleased him immensely. One is tempted to repeat the phrase
+in reference to Mr. Gillmore’s little work, because he has swept
+out the ambiguous, the obscure and tiresome, condensed statistical
+tables into a few lines and made his subject vitally interesting. The
+difficulty of enlightening a majority of people on the evils of our
+financial system consists in the refusal of the reader to be bored by
+dreary compilations of figures and tedious elaborations. Mr. Gillmore’s
+book is history and logic in so entertaining a form that the reader
+is delighted; and even a school boy would find in it nothing dull or
+confusing. The true test of a popular work on an instructive subject
+really is whether or not it is laid down by the reader with a definite:
+“Why, I understand that. It was never made so plain to me before.”
+
+The small price and the ease with which the pamphlet may be handled
+and read should make “Disastrous Financial Panics” a very valuable
+contribution to the cause of reform.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+    =The Cure of Consumption, Coughs and Colds.= By
+       Fred. K. Kaessman. Price 10 cents. Health-Wealth
+       Publishing House, Lawrence, Mass.
+
+A neat booklet containing encouraging words and advice that will
+prove exceedingly beneficial wherever practicable to follow. And even
+where the suggestions cannot be carried out completely, the sufferer
+from lung trouble should approximate the ideal conditions for cure
+as closely as possible. The work emphasizes the value of fresh air,
+exercise and wholesome food and the worthlessness of patent nostrums.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+    =Usury.= By Calvin Elliott. Price $1. Published by
+       the Anti-Usury League, Albany, Oregon.
+
+It is safe to say that more sincere Christians have been gulled into
+submission to injustice and oppression by the Scriptural phrase,
+“Render to Caesar the things that are Caesar’s,” than by anything else.
+Therefore, Mr. Calvin’s careful analysis of the economical situation
+created by the custom of exacting usury is enormously strengthened by
+his clear conception of the true meaning of Bible sayings. He traces
+the history of interest through both Old and New Testaments down to
+the present time and shows beyond cavil the inquiry of a system which
+insures the perpetual enslavement of a debt-paying class for the
+benefit of a moneyed aristocracy.
+
+There can be no freedom so long as usury endures. We may sometimes sigh
+for the power of a king—but what European monarch does not servilely
+bow to the will of the house of Rothschild? Until we have corrected
+the ability to extort taxes from generations yet unborn, we may expect
+neither liberty, nor justice nor equality.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+EVOLUTION
+
+
+By LANGDON SMITH
+
+    When you were a tadpole and I was a fish,
+        In the Paleozoic time,
+    And side by side on the ebbing tide,
+        We sprawled through the ooze and slime,
+    Or skittered with many a caudal flip,
+        Through the depths of the Cambrian fen,
+    My heart was rife with the joy of life,
+        For I loved you even then.
+
+    Mindless we lived and mindless we loved,
+        And mindless at last we died;
+    And deep in a rift of the Caradoc drift
+        We slumbered side by side.
+    The world turned on in the lathe of time,
+        The hot lands heaved amain,
+    Till we caught our breath from the womb of death,
+        And crept into light again.
+
+    We were amphibians, scaled and tailed,
+        And drab as a dead man’s hand;
+    We coiled at ease ’neath the dripping trees,
+        Or trailed through the mud and sand,
+    Croaking and blind, with our three-clawed feet
+        Writing a language dumb,
+    With never a spark in the empty dark
+        To hint at a life to come.
+
+    Yet happy we lived, and happy we loved,
+        And happy we died once more;
+    Our forms were rolled in the clinging mold
+        Of a Neocomian shore.
+    The eons came, and the eons fled,
+        And the sleep that wrapped us fast
+    Was riven away in a newer day,
+        And the night of death was past.
+
+    Then light and swift through the jungle trees
+        We swung in our airy flights,
+    Or breathed in the balms of the fronded palms,
+        In the hush of the moonless nights.
+    And oh! what beautiful years were these,
+        When our hearts clung each to each;
+    When life was filled, and our senses thrilled
+        In the first faint dawn of speech.
+
+    Thus life by life, and love by love,
+        We passed through the cycles strange,
+    And breath by breath, and death by death,
+        We followed the chain of change.
+    Till there came a time in the law of life
+        When over the nursing sod
+    The shadows broke, and the soul awoke
+        In a strange, dim dream of God.
+
+    I was thewed like an Auroch bull,
+        And tusked like the great Cave Bear;
+    And you, my sweet, from head to feet,
+        Were gowned in your glorious hair.
+    Deep in the gloom of a fireless cave,
+        When the night fell o’er the plain,
+    And the moon hung red o’er the river bed,
+        We mumbled the bones of the slain.
+
+    I flaked a flint to a cutting edge,
+        And shaped it with brutish craft;
+    I broke a shank from the woodland dank.
+        And fitted it, head and haft,
+    Then I hid me close to the reedy tarn,
+        Where the Mammoth came to drink—
+    Through brawn and bone I drove the stone,
+        And slew him upon the brink.
+
+    Loud I howled through the moonlit wastes,
+        Loud answered our kith and kin;
+    From west and east to the crimson feast,
+        The clan came trooping in.
+    O’er joint and gristle and padded hoof,
+        We fought, and clawed and tore,
+    And cheek by jowl, with many a growl,
+        We talked the marvel o’er.
+
+    I carved the fight on a reindeer bone,
+        With rude and hairy hand,
+    I pictured his fall on the cavern wall
+        That men might understand.
+    For we lived by blood, and the right of might,
+        Ere human laws were drawn,
+    And the age of sin did not begin
+        Till our brutal tusks were gone.
+
+    And that was a million years ago,
+        In a time that no man knows;
+    Yet here tonight in the mellow light,
+        We sit at Delmonico’s;
+    Your eyes are deep as the Devon springs,
+        Your hair is dark as jet;
+    Your years are few, your life is new,
+        Your soul untried, and yet—
+
+    Our trail is on the Kimmeridge clay,
+        And the scarp of the Purbeck flags,
+    We have left our bones in the Bagshot stones,
+        And deep in the Coraline crags;
+    Our love is old, our lives are old,
+        And death shall come amain;
+    Should it come today, what man may say,
+        We shall not live again?
+
+    God wrought our souls from the Tremadoc beds
+        And furnished them wings to fly;
+    He sowed our spawn in the world’s dim dawn,
+        And I know that it shall not die.
+    Though cities have sprung above the graves
+        Where the crook-boned men made war,
+    And the ox-wain creaks o’er the buried caves,
+        Where the mummied mammoths are.
+
+    Then as we linger at luncheon here,
+        O’er many a dainty dish,
+    Let us drink anew to the time when you
+        Were a tadpole and I was a fish.
+
+ED. NOTE: Above striking poem is reproduced at the special
+request of a friend.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+Bargain In Books
+
+
+We have a few copies left of the bound volumes of the Jeffersonian
+Magazine for 1907, which we will give away as a premium or sell at a
+greatly reduced price.
+
+As a premium you can secure these two handsome volumes for three
+subscribers to the Weekly or to the Magazine at one dollar each. On
+receipt of your remittance of three dollars we will send you the books.
+
+During the year 1907 Mr. Watson contributed to the Jeffersonian
+Magazine some of the ablest and most thoughtful articles that have come
+from his pen.
+
+The two volumes are well bound, finely illustrated, and contain serial
+stories, fiction and cartoons. They form a pictorial history of the
+world for the year.
+
+                                PRICE:
+                    Two handsome volumes      $1.50
+
+                               PREMIUM:
+                 For three subscriptions at one dollar
+                      each to Magazine or Weekly
+
+                           The Jeffersonians
+                             Thomson, Ga.
+
+
+
+
+New Books by Mr. Watson
+
+
+    =Waterloo                                                $1.50=
+
+This is a thorough and intelligent account of the three days’ struggle.
+Mr. Watson analyzes the characters of the generals in command; he
+describes in detail the positions occupied by the various bodies of
+soldiery, and compares the relative strength and advantage of the
+several positions; he searches, so far as may be, into the motives and
+strategy of the two opposing generals, and he discusses the spirit
+and character of the two armies. Step by step, without haste and with
+unflagging interest, he resolves the confusion, “the shouting and
+the tumult,” to an orderly sequence, a “clear-cut study of cause and
+effect.”
+
+Premium for 3 subscribers to either Jeffersonian, at $1.00 each.
+
+
+    =Life and Speeches of Thos. E. Watson                    $1.50=
+
+The Biographical Sketch was written by Mr. Watson, and the Speeches
+selected by him. These include Literary, Labor-Day, Economic and
+Political addresses.
+
+Premium for 3 subscribers to either Jeffersonian, at $1.00 each.
+
+
+    =Handbook of Politics and Economics                      $1.00=
+
+Contains platforms and history of political parties in the United
+States, with separate chapters on important legislation, great public
+questions, and a mass of valuable statistical information on social and
+economic matters. Illustrated by original cartoons by Gordon Nye.
+
+Premium for 2 subscribers to either Jeffersonian, at $1.00 each.
+
+
+    =Sketches of Roman History                                 .50=
+
+The Gracchi, Marius, Sylla, Spartacus, Jugurtha, Julius Caesar,
+Octavius, Anthony and Cleopatra. Pictures the struggle of the Roman
+people against the class legislation and privilege which led to the
+downfall of Rome.
+
+Premium for 1 new subscriber to either Jeffersonian, at $1.00, sent by
+another than the subscriber.
+
+
+*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK WATSON'S JEFFERSONIAN MAGAZINE,
+(VOL. III, NO. 1), JANUARY, 1909 ***
+
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+<div style='text-align:center; font-size:1.2em; font-weight:bold'>The Project Gutenberg eBook of Watson's Jeffersonian Magazine, (Vol. III, No. 1), January, 1909, by Various</div>
+
+<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'>
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and
+most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions
+whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms
+of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online
+at <a href="https://www.gutenberg.org">www.gutenberg.org</a>. If you
+are not located in the United States, you will have to check the laws of the
+country where you are located before using this eBook.
+</div>
+
+<div style='display:block; margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:1em; margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em'>Title: Watson's Jeffersonian Magazine, (Vol. III, No. 1), January, 1909</div>
+
+<div style='display:block; margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:1em; margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em'>Author: Various, Tom Dolan, Zarion E. Weigle, Frank E. Anderson and Walter Eden</div>
+
+<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'>Release Date: February 16, 2021 [eBook #64569]</div>
+
+<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'>Language: English</div>
+
+<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'>Character set encoding: UTF-8</div>
+
+<div style='display:block; margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em'>Produced by: hekula03 and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This book was produced from images made available by the HathiTrust Digital Library.)</div>
+
+<div style='margin-top:2em; margin-bottom:4em'>*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK WATSON'S JEFFERSONIAN MAGAZINE, (VOL. III, NO. 1), JANUARY, 1909 ***</div>
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<p class="f200"><b><i>WATSON BOOKS</i></b></p>
+<hr class="tb" />
+
+<p><span class="fontsize_150"><i>Story of France</i>,</span>&emsp;<i>2 volumes</i>,
+<span class="ws8"><span class="fontsize_150"><i>$3.50</i></span></span></p>
+
+<p class="blockquot">In the Story of France you will find a history of Chivalry,
+of the Crusades, of Joan of Arc, of the Ancien Regime, of the French Revolution.</p>
+
+<p><i>Premium for 6 Subscribers to either Jeffersonian, at $1.00 each</i></p>
+<hr class="tb" />
+
+<p><span class="fontsize_150"><i>Napoleon</i></span>
+<span class="ws18"><span class="fontsize_150"><i>1.75</i></span></span></p>
+<p><i>Premium for 4 Subscribers to either Jeffersonian, at $1.00 each</i></p>
+
+<hr class="tb" />
+
+<p><span class="fontsize_150"><i>Life and Times of Thomas Jefferson</i></span>
+<span class="ws2"><span class="fontsize_150"><i>1.75</i></span></span></p>
+
+<p class="blockquot">In the Life of Jefferson you will learn what
+democratic principles are, and you will learn much history, to the
+credit of the South and West, which the New England writers left out.</p>
+<p><i>Premium for 4 Subscribers to either Jeffersonian, at $1.00 each</i></p>
+
+<hr class="tb" />
+
+<p><span class="fontsize_150"><i>Bethany</i>,</span>
+<span class="ws17"><span class="fontsize_150"><i>1.25</i></span></span></p>
+<p class="blockquot"><i>A Study of the Causes of the Civil War and a love
+story of a Confederate Volunteer</i>.</p>
+<p><i>Premium for 3 Subscribers to either Jeffersonian, at $1.00 each</i></p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<h1 class="no-wrap"><span class="smcap">Watson’s<br /> Jeffersonian Magazine<br /> <br />
+Vol. III<span class="ws2"><small>JANUARY, 1909</small></span><span class="ws2">No. 1</span></span></h1>
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<div class="chapter"><h2 class="nobreak">CONTENTS</h2></div>
+
+<table border="0" cellspacing="0" summary="TOC" cellpadding="0" >
+  <tbody><tr>
+      <td class="tdl">FRONTISPIECE</td>
+      <td class="tdl">Sidney Lanier</td>
+      <td class="tdr"><a href="#FRONTIS">&nbsp;4</a></td>
+   </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl" colspan="2">EDITORIALS</td>
+      <td class="tdr"><a href="#EDITS">5</a></td>
+   </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl" colspan="2"><p class="blockquot_toc no-indent">
+             <a href="#LINCOLN">An Estimate of Abraham Lincoln</a>—
+             <a href="#BRYAN">Why Mr. Bryan  can Never be President</a>—
+             <a href="#FOREIGN">Foreign Missions</a>—
+             <a href="#TREASURE">Treasure Trove</a>—
+             <a href="#ROLLO">The Passing of Lucy and Rollo</a>.</p></td>
+      <td class="tdc"> </td>
+   </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl">A SURVEY OF THE WORLD</td>
+      <td class="tdl">Tom Dolan</td>
+      <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_29">29</a></td>
+   </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl">THE BELLS—A Poem</td>
+      <td class="tdl">Zarion E. Weigle</td>
+      <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_44">44</a></td>
+   </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl">THE PIPE OF ZAIDEE</td>
+      <td class="tdl">Frank E. Anderson</td>
+      <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_45">45</a></td>
+   </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl">EDUCATIONAL DEPARTMENT</td>
+      <td class="tdl"> </td>
+      <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_53">53</a></td>
+   </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl">MONEY IS KING</td>
+      <td class="tdl">Walter Eden</td>
+      <td class="tdr"><a href="#MONEY">56</a></td>
+   </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl">A DWELLER WITH THE PAST—A Poem</td>
+      <td class="tdl">Ricardo Minor</td>
+      <td class="tdr"><a href="#DWELLER">61</a></td>
+   </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl">CLIPPINGS FROM EXCHANGES</td>
+      <td class="tdl"> </td>
+      <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_62">62</a></td>
+   </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl">THE LAMB AND THE RAIN—A Poem</td>
+      <td class="tdl">Ada A. Mosher</td>
+      <td class="tdr"><a href="#LAMB">67</a></td>
+   </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl">LETTERS FROM THE PEOPLE</td>
+      <td class="tdl"> </td>
+      <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_68">68</a></td>
+   </tr><tr>
+      <td class="tdl">BOOK REVIEWS</td>
+      <td class="tdl"> </td>
+      <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_72">72</a></td>
+   </tr>
+ </tbody>
+</table>
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<p class="center">Published Monthly by</p>
+<p class="f120">THOS. E. WATSON</p>
+<p class="center space-above2">Temple Court Building, Atlanta, Ga.<br />
+                $1.00 Per Year<span class="ws6">10 Cents Per Copy</span></p>
+
+<p class="center space-above2">WESTERN ADVERTISING REPRESENTATIVE:<br />
+Wm. E. Herman,     112 Dearborn St.,   Chicago, Ill.</p>
+
+<p class="center space-above1">CHICAGO SUBSCRIPTION OFFICE:<br />
+The M. Raftery Co., 84 Washington St., Chicago, Ill.</p>
+
+<p class="center space-above2"><i>Entered as second class matter December 21,
+1906, at the Post Office at Atlanta, Ga.</i></p>
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_4" id="Page_4">[Pg 4]</a></span></p>
+<div class="figcenter">
+    <img id="FRONTIS" src="images/frontis.jpg" alt="" width="450" height="512" />
+    <p class="f120">SYDNEY LANIER</p>
+</div>
+
+<hr class="chap" />
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_5" id="Page_5">[Pg 5]</a></span></p>
+<p class="f200"><b><span class="smcap">Watson’s Jeffersonian Magazine</span></b></p>
+
+<p class="center"><b>Vol. III &emsp; JANUARY, 1909 &emsp; No. 1</b></p>
+<hr class="chap" />
+
+<div class="chapter">
+<a name="EDITS" id="EDITS">&nbsp;</a>
+<h2 class="nobreak">EDITORIALS</h2></div>
+<hr class="r25" />
+
+<div><a name="LINCOLN" id="LINCOLN">&nbsp;</a></div>
+<h3>An Estimate of Abraham Lincoln</h3>
+
+<div class="blockquot">
+<p>(<i>The Editor of a Northern magazine applied to me for an article on
+Abraham Lincoln.</i></p>
+
+<p><i>After some hesitation, I decided to comply with the request. In
+doing so, my rule of</i> <span class="smcap">SAYING WHAT I THINK</span>
+<i>was followed. Mr. Lincoln was “sized up”, just as I would try to
+measure the proportions of Cromwell, of Robert Bruce or of Gladstone,
+or any other historical character.</i></p>
+
+<p><i>But the Northern editor was “afraid” my article would stir up
+“sectional feeling.” He, therefore, returned it with the polite letter
+which follows.</i></p>
+
+<p><i>Whosoever reads this rejected Lincoln article, which the Jeffersonian
+Magazine now presents, will probably feel some surprise that so
+liberal an estimate of Mr. Lincoln was ruled out, as contraband, by a
+non-political Northern magazine.</i></p>
+
+<p><i>It is proper for me to say that so much of the article as follows the
+paragraph in which the South’s feeling toward Mr. Lincoln is expressed,
+was written after the MS came back. Even with these additions, I fear
+that my Northern brother would have been afraid to publish my estimate
+of Lincoln.</i></p>
+
+<p class="author">“<i>New York, November 21, 1908.</i></p>
+
+<p>“<i>The Hon. Thomas E. Watson,</i></p>
+
+<p>“<i>Dear Sir: We have read your estimate of Abraham Lincoln. We tried
+our best to figure out some way by which it could be shaped around in
+a manner that would be suitable for our magazine. You see, first of
+all, in dealing with Lincoln or any Civil War subject we cannot afford
+in any way to stir up sectional feeling. I am afraid your article is
+open to criticism in this respect. If you were only in New York, and we
+could go over this thing personally, I have no doubt but what we might
+frame up an article that would be mutually satisfactory. The time is
+so limited that I suppose we will just have to give it up. Yours very
+truly,</i></p>
+
+<p class="author"><i>Editorial Department.</i>”)</p>
+</div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_6" id="Page_6">[Pg 6]</a></span>
+When the editor of —— Magazine applied to me for an article on
+Abraham Lincoln, my first inclination was to decline the commission.
+Although it is high time that some one should strike a note of sanity
+in the universal laudation of Mr. Lincoln, a Southern man is not,
+perhaps, the proper person to do it. On further consideration, however,
+it occurred to me that my position was radically different from that of
+any other public man in the South. People on the other side of Mason
+and Dixon’s line cannot be ignorant or oblivious of the fact that for
+the last twenty years I have waged warfare upon the Bourbonism of my
+own section and the narrowness of my own people. In every possible
+way I have appealed to them to rise above sectional prejudice and
+party bigotry. While I, myself, have suffered terribly during this
+long series of years, some good has followed my work. Twenty years
+ago, a white man in the South who openly professed himself a member
+of the Republican party was socially ostracised. Every one realizes
+how completely that state of things has been revolutionized,—we see
+it in the heavy Republican vote cast in Southern States in the recent
+election; we see it in the ovations given to Mr. Roosevelt and to Mr.
+Taft in the Southern cities.</p>
+
+<p>My part in bringing about this change for the better is so well known
+in the North that no well informed man or woman will attribute to
+sectionalism anything in my estimate of Mr. Lincoln which may appear to
+be harsh or unjust.</p>
+
+<p>Let us see to what extent the adulation of Mr. Lincoln has gone.</p>
+
+<p>In Harper’s Weekly for November 7th, 1908, a British gentleman of the
+name of P. D. Ross offers to amend the high estimate which Colonel
+Harvey had already placed upon Mr. Lincoln by classing our martyred
+President as “The greatest man the world has produced.” Colonel Harvey
+soberly accepts the amendment,—thus Miss Ida Tarbell is left far
+behind, and Hay and Nicolay eclipsed.</p>
+
+<p>One of the more recent biographers of Mr. Lincoln hotly denounced as
+untrue the statement that “He used to sit around and tell anecdotes
+like a traveling man.”</p>
+
+<p>Do we not all remember how, as children, we were fascinated with the
+story of “The Scottish Chiefs”, by Miss Jane Porter? Did not the Sir
+William Wallace of that good lady’s romance appeal to us as a perfect
+hero, an ideal knight, exemplifying in himself the loftiest type of
+chivalry? Yet, when we grew to be older, we were not surprised to learn
+that Sir Walter Scott—certainly a good judge of such matters, and
+certainly a patriotic Scotchman—wrathfully and contemptuously found
+fault with Miss Porter because she had made “a fine gentleman” out of a
+great, rugged, national hero. Every well balanced American, North and
+South, ought to feel the same way toward those authors who take Abraham
+Lincoln into their hands, dress him up, tone him down, polish him and
+change him until he is no longer the same man.</p>
+
+<p>The outpouring of Lincolnian eulogy which will greet the country in
+February will probably be all of a sort—indiscriminate praise—each
+orator and speaker straining and struggling to carry the high water
+mark of laudation higher than it has ever yet gone.</p>
+
+<p><i>Let us study Mr. Lincoln with an earnest desire to find out what he
+was.</i> Let it be remembered that the biography of him written by his law
+partner, Mr. Herndon, was that biography in which the best picture of
+him might have been expected. His law partner was his friend, personally
+and politically. It was that law partner who converted him to
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_7" id="Page_7">[Pg 7]</a></span>
+abolitionism. To the task of writing the biography of the deceased
+member of the firm, Mr. Herndon brought devotion to the memory of a man
+whom he had respected and loved; yet, being honest, he told the truth
+about Mr. Lincoln,—painting his portrait with the warts on. <i>The fact
+that this record, written by a sorrowing friend, was destroyed</i>, and a
+spurious, after-thought Herndon biography put in its place, must always
+be a fact worthy of serious consideration.</p>
+
+<p>I can imagine one of the reasons for the suppression of Herndon’s
+original manuscript when I note, with amusement, the vigor and
+indignation with which a later biographer defends Mr. Lincoln from the
+terrible accusation of “sitting around and telling anecdotes to amuse a
+crowd.”</p>
+
+<p>Those who take the least pains to ascertain the facts as to Mr.
+Lincoln’s story telling habits soon convince themselves that nothing
+said upon the subject could well be an exaggeration. In his day, the
+broadest, vulgarest anecdotes were current in the South and West, and
+thousands of public men, who ought to have been ashamed of themselves
+for doing so, made a practice of repeating these stories to juries
+in the court house, to crowds on the hustings, and to groups in the
+streets, stores and hotels.</p>
+
+<p>Upon one occasion, while I was in conversation with Thomas H. Tibbles,
+a surviving personal acquaintance of John Brown and Abraham Lincoln, I
+interrogated him eagerly as to both. Directing his attention to this
+matter of Mr. Lincoln’s alleged fondness for the relation of smutty
+stories, Mr. Tibbles very promptly replied that the very first time
+he ever saw Mr. Lincoln he was directed to his room in the hotel by a
+series of bursts of loud laughter. Mr. Tibbles’ curiosity was aroused
+by the continuous hilarity which resounded from this particular room
+and he went to it. There he found a great, long, raw-boned man seated
+in a chair with his big feet up on the table, telling smutty yarns to a
+circle of men who were exploding with laughter at the end of each story.</p>
+
+<p>Every man must be judged by the standards of his time. People of
+elegance and refinement, according to the standards of the Elizabethan
+age, listened to comedies which were considered in good taste then, but
+which would not be tolerated in any decent community now. The manners
+of the West and of the rural South in Mr. Lincoln’s day, were quite
+different from what they are now. Even now, however, there are men who
+call themselves gentlemen, and women who think they are ladies, that
+make a specialty of cultivating a talent for the relation of doubtful
+stories. The fact that Mr. Lincoln let his gift of entertainment and
+his fondness for the humorous lead him down to the low plane of his
+audience does not by any means indicate a defect of heart or mind. As a
+lawyer and as a politician, it was a part of his business to cultivate
+popularity. He made friends in just such circles as that into which
+Mr. Tibbles walked. The men who laughed with Mr. Lincoln, enjoying the
+inimitable way in which he related anecdotes, naturally warmed to him,
+and they gave him verdicts and votes.</p>
+
+<p>Mr. P. D. Ross, Editor of the Ottawa (Canada) <i>National</i>, claims that
+Mr. Lincoln was “The greatest man the world has produced”, and the
+editor of <i>Harper’s Weekly</i> soberly falls into line.</p>
+
+<p>Well, there should be some standard by which one is enabled to measure
+a man’s greatness. Mr. Lincoln was a lawyer, a statesman, and a chief
+magistrate of a republic. In each of these capacities let us see what
+was his rank.
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_8" id="Page_8">[Pg 8]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>Does any one claim that he was the greatest lawyer that ever lived?
+Surely not. There is not the slightest doubt that Mr. Lincoln was a
+famous verdict getter. He could do about as much with a jury as any
+advocate in the West, but he certainly never won any court house
+victories that were more famous than those of Dan Voorhees, Emory
+Storrs, Bob Ingersoll, Matt Carpenter, Sargent Prentiss, Robert Toombs
+and of scores of other lawyers who could easily be named. In knowledge
+of the law, force of mental power of the judicial sort,—such as Chief
+Justice John Marshall and Daniel Webster and Rufus Choate had,—does
+anybody for a moment claim that Mr. Lincoln out-ranks all other
+lawyers? Surely not. He is not to be named in the same class as Reverdy
+Johnson, Jeremiah Black, or Senator Edmunds, Charles O’Connor,—to say
+nothing of Jeremiah Mason, of Massachusetts, and Luther Martin, of
+Maryland, William Pinckney, of the same State, and Edmund Randolph, of
+Virginia.</p>
+
+<p>Mr. Lincoln served in Congress. Did he cut any figure there? None
+whatever. He appeared to be out of his element. His Congressional
+record is not to be compared to that of Thaddeus Stevens or Stephen
+A. Douglas. We look into the lives of such men as Benjamin Franklin,
+the elder Adams, of Thomas Jefferson, of Clay, Calhoun and Webster,
+of Alexander Hamilton and George Washington, and there is no trouble
+in finding <i>their</i> foot-prints on the sands of time; but in the
+achievements of statesmanship <i>where are the foot-prints of Mr.
+Lincoln</i>? You will look into the statute-books in vain to find them.
+We have a great financial policy, born of the creative, forceful
+statesmanship of Alexander Hamilton and Henry Clay; we have a great
+protective system, owing its origin to the same two statesmen; we have
+a great homestead policy, which owes its birth to Andrew Johnson, of
+Tennessee; we have a great national policy of internal improvements,
+but Mr. Lincoln was not its father. <i>Consequently, there is not a
+single national line of policy which owes its paternity to this
+statesman whom Mr. Ross classes as “The greatest man the world has
+produced.”</i></p>
+
+<p>In the State of Illinois, compare Mr. Lincoln’s work with Mr.
+Jefferson’s work in the State of Virginia. Did Mr. Lincoln leave his
+impress any where upon the established order in Illinois? I have never
+heard of it. In Virginia, Jefferson found the church and state united,
+both taxing the people and dividing the spoils. Mr. Jefferson divorced
+the church from the state, confiscated the church’s ill-gotten wealth,
+devoting it to charitable and educational purposes; and put an end to
+legalized religious intolerance. In Virginia there was a land monopoly,
+perpetuated by entails and primogenitures. Mr. Jefferson made war
+upon it, broke it up, and thus overthrew the local aristocracy. He
+formulated a school system and established in America its first modern
+college. Can anything which Mr. Lincoln, the statesman, did in Illinois
+compare with Mr. Jefferson’s work in Virginia?</p>
+
+<p>So far as national statesmanship is concerned, Mr. Lincoln is not to
+be classed with either of “The Great Trio”, nor with Mr. Jefferson,
+nor with Alexander Hamilton. Each of the five named were statesmen of
+the first order, possessing original, creative ability in that field of
+work. There is no evidence whatever that Mr. Lincoln possessed that talent.</p>
+
+<p>It must be, then, as chief magistrate of the republic that he won the
+title of “great.” That, in fact, is the case. He was a great chief
+executive. As such, he deserves immortality. Because he sealed his
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_9" id="Page_9">[Pg 9]</a></span>
+work with his life-blood, his memory will always be sacred. But, is
+it absolutely certain that no other American would have succeeded in
+piloting the vessel of state through the storm of the Civil War? Is
+it quite certain that Stephen A. Douglas, himself, would not have
+succeeded where Mr. Lincoln succeeded? Who knows and can dogmatically
+say that Thaddeus Stevens or Oliver Morton, or Zach Chandler, or Ben
+Wade could not have done it? What was it that Mr. Lincoln did during
+the Civil War that was so much greater and grander than what might have
+been expected from Andrew Jackson in the same crisis? Somehow I fail
+to see it. He did not lose courage, but there were brave men before
+Agamemnon, and the world has never been lacking in heroic types that
+stand forth and meet emergencies.</p>
+
+<p>In studying Mr. Lincoln’s course during the Civil War we can discover
+a great deal of patience, a great deal of tact, a great deal of
+diplomacy, a great deal of determination to win, a great deal of
+consecration to patriotic duty. He struck the right key-note when he
+said that he was fighting not to free the negroes but to preserve the
+Union. This insight into the situation which enabled him to take the
+strongest possible position showed political genius of a high order.
+This alone would entitle him to be classed as a great statesman, a
+great chief magistrate, a great national leader.</p>
+
+<p>When we calmly reflect upon what he had to do, and the means which
+were at his command for doing it, we see nothing in the result that
+borders upon the miraculous. All the advantage was on his side. The
+fire-eaters of the South played into his hands beautifully. They were
+so very blind to what was necessary for their success that they even
+surrendered possession of Washington City, when they might just as
+well have held it and rushed their troops to it, thus making sure not
+only of Baltimore, but of the whole State of Maryland—to say nothing
+of the enormous moral advantage of holding possession of the capital
+of the nation. It was a clever strategy which, while talking peace,
+adopted those measures which compelled the Confederate authorities
+to fire upon the flag at Fort Sumter. But that most effective bit of
+strategy appears to have had its birth in the fertile brain of William
+H. Seward. The diplomacy which kept dangling before the eyes of the
+border states the promise to pay for the slaves until the necessity of
+duping the waverers had passed, was clever in its way; but there is
+no evidence that the fine Italian hand of Mr. Seward was not in this
+policy also.</p>
+
+<p>After the battle of Bull Run, Congress passed a resolution declaring
+that the war was being waged for the sole purpose of preserving the
+Union, and that the Federal Government had no intention of interfering
+with slavery. This was subtle politics and it had the desired effect
+upon the doubtful Southern States; but there is no evidence that Mr.
+Lincoln was the first to suggest the resolution.</p>
+
+<p>Was Mr. Lincoln sincere in making the beautiful and touching plea for
+peace, in his first inaugural? Unquestionably. Yet he would make no
+concessions, nor encourage any efforts at reconciliation. He opposed
+the Crittenden Compromise, which demanded no sacrifice of principle
+by the North and which surrendered much that had been claimed by the
+South. Of the 1,200,000 square miles of public domain, the Southern
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_10" id="Page_10">[Pg 10]</a></span>
+leaders offered to close 900,000 square miles to slavery, leaving it
+to the people of the remaining 300,000 square miles to decide for or
+against slavery when they came to frame their state constitutions.
+Democrats, North and South, favored this Compromise. The Republicans
+rejected it. Then, the last hope of peaceable settlement was gone.</p>
+
+<p>Mr. Lincoln threw his influence as President-elect against the Peace
+Congress, and rejected the South’s offer to adjust the sectional
+differences by a restoration and extension of the old Missouri
+Compromise line.</p>
+
+<p>The proclamation in which Mr. Lincoln assured the seceding states that
+slavery should not be disturbed provided the insurgents laid down
+their arms by the 1st of January, 1863, proves that Mr. Lincoln is
+not entitled to the very great credit that is given him for signing
+the Emancipation Act. Mr. Lincoln was never a rabid abolitionist, and
+was an eleventh hour man, at that; he bore none of the brunt of the
+pioneers’ fight; he could show no such scars as Wendell Phillips and
+Lloyd Garrison and Cassius M. Clay carried; he never ran the risk of
+becoming a martyr, like Lovejoy; he stood aside, a good Whig, until
+the abolition movement was sweeping his own section, and then he fell
+into line with it like a practical, sensible, adjustable politician. He
+himself joked about the manner in which Thaddeus Stevens, Benjamin Wade
+and Charles Sumner nagged at him from week to week, and month to month,
+because of his luke-warmness in the matter of emancipation. Of and
+concerning those three more rabid abolitionists, Mr. Lincoln told his
+somewhat celebrated anecdote of the little Sunday School boy and those
+“same three damn fellows, Shadrach, Meshach and Abednego.”</p>
+
+<p>Not until it became a military necessity to do it, did Mr. Lincoln
+sign the Emancipation Act. Therefore, his hand having been forced
+by military policy rather than by the dictates of philanthropy, it
+does not seem just to class him with the crusaders of the abolition
+government.</p>
+
+<p>If he meant what he said in his famous letter to Alexander H. Stephens,
+if he meant what he said even in his last inaugural,—to say nothing
+of the first,—it was never Lincoln’s intention to go farther than to
+combat the South in her efforts to extend slavery into the free states
+and territories.</p>
+
+<p>In guiding the non-seceding states through the perils of civil strife,
+Mr. Lincoln’s position was never so difficult as was that of Mazarin,
+nor that of Richelieu; not so difficult as that of Cromwell; not so
+difficult as that of William the Silent, or William of Orange, and very
+much less difficult than that of the younger Pitt,-“the pilot that
+weathered the storm” of the revolutionary and Napoleonic wars. Mr.
+Lincoln’s achievements as chief magistrate and as a statesman certainly
+do not outrank those of George Washington, nor even those of Cavour,
+to whom modern Italy owes her existence; nor of Bismarck, creator of
+the German Empire. <i>Finally, it should be remembered that the South was
+combating the Spirit of the Age and the Conscience of Mankind.</i> This
+fact lightened Mr. Lincoln’s task, immensely.</p>
+
+<p>How do the people of the South feel toward Lincoln? Kindly. We
+honor his memory. We think that he was broad-minded, free from
+vindictiveness, free from sectionalism, free from class-hatred. We
+think he was a strong man, a sagacious man, and a very determined man.
+We have always regarded his assassination as the worst blow the South
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_11" id="Page_11">[Pg 11]</a></span>
+got after Appomattox. We think that he, alone, could have stemmed the
+torrent of sectional hatred, and could have worked out a simple plan of
+restoring the seceding states to the Union which would have reunited
+the family without that carnival of debauchery and crime known as the
+“Reconstruction period.”</p>
+
+<p>We think that the man who made the appeal to the South which he made
+in his first inaugural, and the man who at Gettysburg, soon after
+the battle, praised the courage of the troops who made the effort to
+storm such heights as those, and who on the night of Lee’s surrender
+called upon the bands to play “Dixie,” was not a bitter partizan of the
+Thaddeus Stevens stripe, who, after the guns had been stacked and the
+flags furled, would have used all of the tremendous and irresistible
+power of the Federal Government to humiliate, outrage, despoil and
+drive to desperation a people who were already in the dust.</p>
+
+<p>It is not true that Mr. Lincoln offered generous terms to the South
+at the Hampton Roads Conference. He did not say to the Confederate
+Commissioners, “Write the word ‘<i>Union</i>’ first and you may write
+whatever you please after that.”</p>
+
+<p>It is not true that he offered payment for the slaves.</p>
+
+<p>The official reports made to both Governments, as well as Mr. Stephens’
+story of the celebrated Conference, conclusively prove that Mr.
+Lincoln demanded the unconditional surrender of the Confederacy as a
+preliminary to any discussion of terms.</p>
+
+<p>In fact, at the close of the Conference of four hours, Mr. R. M. T.
+Hunter, one of the Confederate Commissioners, feelingly complained of
+the harshness and humiliation involved in the “unconditional surrender”
+demanded of the seceding states.</p>
+
+<p>Mr. Lincoln declined to commit himself, <i>officially</i>, to the
+proposition that the South, by laying down her arms and submitting to
+the restoration of the national authority throughout her limits, could
+resume her former relations to the Government. <i>Personally</i>, he thought
+she could. He refused <i>officially</i> to commit himself on the subject of
+paying the slave-owners for their slaves. <i>Personally</i>, he was willing
+to be taxed for that purpose, and he <i>believed</i> that the Northern
+people held the same views. He knew of some who favored a Congressional
+appropriation of $400,000,000 for that purpose. But give any pledges?
+Oh, no. The Confederacy must first abolish itself,—<i>then</i> there would
+be a discussion of terms!</p>
+
+<p>Fort Fisher, North Carolina, had recently fallen; the Confederacy was
+reeling under the shock of repeated disaster, the thin battle lines of
+the Gray were almost exhausted,—and Mr. Lincoln was now certain that
+secession was doomed.</p>
+
+<p>In the “Recollections” of J. R. Gilmore, there is a curious account
+of an informal mission undertaken by himself and Col. J. F. Jaquess
+for the purpose of ending the war. According to Gilmore, he went to
+Washington, had an interview with Mr. Lincoln, and drew from him a
+statement of the terms which he was willing to offer the Confederate
+Government.</p>
+
+<p>The gist of his several propositions was that the Confederacy should
+dissolve, the armies disband, the seceding states acknowledge national
+authority and come back into Congress with their representatives, that
+slavery should be abolished and that $500,000,000 be paid the South for
+the slaves. This was in June 1864.
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_12" id="Page_12">[Pg 12]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>Gilmore and Colonel Jaquess were given passage through the lines,
+went to Richmond and saw Mr. Davis. After listening to the unofficial
+proposals of the self-appointed envoys, Mr. Davis declared that the
+South was not struggling to maintain slavery, but to make good “<i>our
+right to govern ourselves</i>.”</p>
+
+<p>As the terms offered took away this fundamental right from the South,
+Mr. Davis declined to treat.</p>
+
+<p>How hopeless, at that time, must have seemed the cause for which
+Jefferson Davis stood! How eternally assured that of Mr. Lincoln!
+Yet, see how old Father Time works his miracles,—the Jefferson Davis
+principle has risen from the ashes, a very Phoenix of life immortal.
+The Lincoln position has been abandoned by the Party which made him
+its first President. The cause of Home Rule is stronger throughout the
+world than when the fugitive President of the broken Confederacy faced
+his official family, at its last Cabinet meeting, in the village of
+Washington, Georgia, and asked, despairingly, “<i>Is it all over?</i>”</p>
+
+<p>The hateful Amendments, which struck so foul and cruel a blow at “our
+right to govern ourselves,” are now nothing more than monuments reared
+by political partisans to their own vindictive passions. The better
+element throughout the North would be glad to forget them. They have
+been distorted by the Federal Judiciary and have proven to be a curse
+to the whole country, in that they are the refuge of the corporations
+which plunder the people.</p>
+
+<p>Republican leaders look on, acquiescent, while state after state that
+seceded from the Union puts into practice the principle for which the
+South fought in the Civil War,—the right to regulate our own domestic
+concerns.</p>
+
+<p>A Republican President has made an Ex-Confederate soldier the official
+head of the military establishment of the United States; a Republican
+President has stood his ground against negro resentment upon the
+proposition that the South may disfranchise the negroes if she likes; a
+Republican President-elect manfully held the same position throughout a
+heated campaign in which niggerites and Bryanites assaulted both Taft
+and Roosevelt because of this pro-Southern attitude.</p>
+
+<p>“<i>We are fighting, not for slavery, but for the right to govern
+ourselves.</i>” So said our President; so said our Statesmen; so said our
+soldiers; so said our civilians. And today we are vindicated.</p>
+
+<p>The insanest war in history, as one studies it, is seen to have been
+fought for a principle which both sides now admit to have been right,
+and which Mr. Lincoln repeatedly and most earnestly declared was right,
+before a shot was fired.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter">
+    <img src="images/i_012.jpg" alt="" width="600" height="174" />
+</div>
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_13" id="Page_13">[Pg 13]</a></span></p>
+
+<div><a name="BRYAN" id="BRYAN">&nbsp;</a></div>
+<h3>Why Mr. Bryan Can Never Be President</h3>
+<hr class="r5" />
+
+<p>In 1896, it cost the Republicans six million dollars to defeat Bryan;
+in 1900, it cost them four millions; in 1908, they “beat him to a
+frazzle” with less than two millions.</p>
+
+<p>In 1896, every chance was in his favor; he was young, handsome,
+magnetic, eloquent, without a stain on his record. In the general
+enthusiasm aroused by his “crown-of-thorns, cross-of-gold” speech,
+people did not give heed to the craftiness and selfishness of the
+Bland delegate who used Bland’s name as a stalking horse to get the
+nomination for himself. For twenty years Richard P. Bland had labored
+for Bi-metallism. He had won the fight by sheer bulldog pluck. The
+Bland-Allison act of 1878 was a Bland triumph. The Sherman law of 1890
+was a Bland victory, for Sherman himself said it must be passed to head
+off a free-coinage act. When the Congress of 1892 convened, the Bland
+forces had an overwhelming majority. Why then could we not make a law
+restoring the white metal to its constitutional place as the equal
+of gold? Because, in the contest for the Speakership, the Northern
+Congressmen <i>got control of the Committees as an exchange for the
+office of Speaker</i>.</p>
+
+<p>But the tide of public feeling in favor of “Constitutional money” kept
+on rising, and there is no doubt whatever that a majority of our people
+in 1896, favored Bi-metallism. But Bryan, cunning and ambitious, used
+his opportunities as a Bland delegate to undermine Bland, and at the
+psychological moment treated Bland to what Garfield had treated Sherman.</p>
+
+<p>What had Bryan done for Bi-metallism? Nothing. He did not even
+understand the true meaning of it. As for Bland, he had fought the
+battle of “Constitutional money” while Bryan was at school, and when,
+in the hour of Silver’s triumph, the hero of its struggle was cast
+aside by his ungrateful party, it broke the old man’s heart and he died.</p>
+
+<p>When I think of the long series of years during which Mr. Bland was the
+unflinching, untiring leader of the forces of Bi-metallism, and when I
+think of the very substantial fruits of his labors, the manner in which
+Bryan and the Democratic party flung him aside—the old horse turned
+out to graze till he should drop—seems to me to be one of the most
+convincing illustrations of the fact that “<i>politics is hell</i>.”</p>
+
+<p>Having captured the Democratic nomination, Bryan turned his attention
+to the Populists. They had proved that they could poll nearly two
+million votes. Bryan wanted them. Through Allen of Nebraska and Jones
+of Arkansas he laid his plans to get them. By as foul a trick as ever
+was played in American politics, the Populist Convention was inveigled
+into giving its Presidential nomination to Bryan. Having got what
+he sought, he broke the contract, turned a deaf ear to all appeals,
+underrated the measure of Mid-road Populist resentment, invaded “the
+enemy’s country,” cherished the delusion that he could win New England,
+hung on to the impossible Sewall, and so lost the Presidency.
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_14" id="Page_14">[Pg 14]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>It is a fact that the Republicans had no hope of success, after the
+action of the Populist Convention, until Bryan himself adopted the
+insane policy of making the race with two Vice-Presidential candidates
+swinging on to the ticket.</p>
+
+<p>In that campaign, the whole money question was dwarfed to the
+discussion of “Free Silver.” The great issue of Constitutional,
+scientific Bi-metallism was shunted on to the spur track of Free
+Silver. In that campaign he lost the East and the North, irrevocably.
+Instead of making a strong, broad, easily understood plea for a
+restoration of the financial system of Jefferson, of Madison, of
+Monroe, of Jackson, of Benton, of Calhoun, he selected that detail
+of the money question which was of the least consequence, which was
+the most difficult to explain to the ordinary voter, and which,—on
+account of the selfish interests of the Silver Kings—lent itself most
+favorably to Republican assault.</p>
+
+<p>This error was Bryan’s own folly, for the Greenbacker and the Populist
+had already demonstrated the advantage of treating the question in the
+broad, fundamental way. To this day, Mr. Bryan pays the penalty. To the
+business world, of every section of the Union, he is known as the “Free
+Silver” crank, and the business world is dead against him.</p>
+
+<p>In 1900, the Spanish war had temporarily engulfed economic questions.
+Bryan was astute enough to feel this; consequently, he discovered a
+new Paramount Issue. It was Imperialism. But Bryan was not the man to
+derive any benefit from it, for the simple reason that he was as much
+responsible for it as the Republicans themselves. Tired of camp life
+at Tampa, Mr. Bryan hurried to Washington City, exerted his personal
+influence with certain Democratic Senators, and prevailed upon Senator
+Clay and others to vote with the Republicans to ratify the Treaty of
+Paris.</p>
+
+<p>As our Imperialism grows out of this Treaty, Mr. Bryan’s political
+dishonesty in raising such an issue against the Republicans was so
+glaring that they had very much less trouble in defeating him in 1900
+than they had had in 1896.</p>
+
+<p>Then came the ugly affair of the Bennett will; of Bryan’s acceptance of
+gifts of money aggregating $12,000; of his efforts to secure, secretly,
+a legacy of $50,000; of his astonishing lack of delicacy in drawing
+up, in his home, a will for a doting old man who was Bryan’s guest; of
+his mercenary persistence in his struggle against Bennett’s widow; of
+his claim for a large fee as Executor of a will which he had drawn and
+which the courts had set aside.</p>
+
+<p>Then came the revelation that while appearing to the public as the
+devoted, unselfish, patriotic champion of Free Silver, he had been in
+the pay of the Silvre Kings all the time. <i>Then</i> we could understand
+why he had narrowed the money question to that pitiful detail.
+Millionaire Silver Mine-owners, like Marcus Daly and William A. Clark,
+didn’t care a rap about Constitutional money. What they wanted was the
+personal profit to be gained by them in carrying fifty cents’ worth
+of the white metal to the U. S. Mints and having it turned into a
+dollar. Free Silver meant millions of dollars to these Silver Kings.
+Therefore they paid Bryan big prices to make speeches for Free Silver.
+And the Peerless orator stuck to his text. And when the Silver Kings
+discontinued the pay, Mr. Bryan discontinued the speeches.
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_15" id="Page_15">[Pg 15]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>Afterwards came the campaign against Parker’s nomination in 1904. Pretty
+much everything that could be said to prove that such a nomination
+would be a base betrayal of the Jeffersonian element of the Democratic
+party, Bryan said. In Chicago, notably, he hired a hall, collected the
+faithful around him, made an impassioned speech setting forth the shame
+of such a Ryan-Belmont candidacy as that of Parker, and said that a
+Democrat ought to be ready and willing to die rather than submit to
+such a surrender of principle as would be involved in the nomination of
+Parker.</p>
+
+<p>Similar heroic declarations Mr. Bryan made against the Clevelandites,
+the Wall Street element of his party, the undemocratic advocates of the
+British gold standard which had chained the world to London. In his
+book, in his paper, in his speeches,—particularly at Birmingham,—he
+vowed that he would never support a gold standard candidate and that he
+would quit the Democrats if the party adopted a gold standard platform.</p>
+
+<p>“<i>Is thy servant a dog that he should do this thing?</i>” That was the
+tone of Bryan’s indignant reply whenever he was asked whether he would
+follow his party if it deserted its principles.</p>
+
+<p>Alas! The heroics sounded well—but where was the hero?</p>
+
+<p>We admit that Bryan made a great fight against the Ryan-Belmont
+hirelings in the Democratic National Convention of 1904. His forensic
+powers are of a high order, and they were magnificently displayed in
+that debate. But he wasn’t true grit, wasn’t dead game,—did not prove
+himself a thoroughbred. No, he is not the kind of bird that dies in the
+cock-pit; he showed the “dominecker.”</p>
+
+<p>Had he met Parker’s gold telegram with a defiant, “I accept the
+challenge! Let those who are true to Democratic principles follow me
+out of this Convention!” he would have smashed the Ryan-Belmont slate,
+forced Parker out of the lists, won the nomination for himself, and
+<i>might</i> have been President.</p>
+
+<p>But he sunk the popular hero into the party hack,—let them put the
+harness on, hitch him up and drive him in a direction that his record,
+his vows and his convictions made it a disgrace for him to travel.</p>
+
+<p>Then came the speeches in which he said as much in favor of Parker as
+he had said against him,—and Parker had not changed a bit. The change
+was <i>there</i>, and it was vast,—but it was in Bryan.</p>
+
+<p>Then came the swing backwards to radicalism again. Bryan spoke at
+the Jefferson Day banquet in Chicago in 1906 and said that the time
+had come for the Democratic party to declare itself in favor of the
+Government Ownership of the railroads. He advanced the proposition that
+the states should own the local lines while Uncle Sam ran the trunk
+lines. This absurd plan was the burden of the Bryan talk and Bryan
+editorials for more than a year,—long enough for the whole country to
+realize what an impractical “statesman” he is. So ludicrous a “break”
+queered him still further with the men of the business world, and told
+heavily against him in the campaign of this year.</p>
+
+<p>Then, after his home-coming speech in Madison Square Garden, he made
+his final declaration in favor of Government Ownership. Having toured
+Europe and witnessed the advantages of State-owned public utilities,
+his own convictions in favor of that system had been strengthened.
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_16" id="Page_16">[Pg 16]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>But Democratic editors and politicians raised a Bourbon outcry against
+Government Ownership, and Bryan, after shuffling about awhile, took to
+the woods.</p>
+
+<p>Then he fell in love with the Initiative and Referendum. Mightily
+in favor of giving Direct Legislation to the people was Bryan. But
+again the Bourbons raised their hands in holy horror, and again Bryan
+flunked. “Willing to teach the children that the earth is flat, or that
+it is round, whichever a majority of the School Board prefer”;—that’s
+the kind of pedagogue partisan politics has made out of W. J. B.</p>
+
+<p>Then we heard him endorse Roosevelt, and agree with the President
+that Congress ought to pay the campaign expenses of the two old
+twins,—Chang and Eng,—and that honest bankers should be punished
+for crimes <i>they</i> didn’t commit, and that the Government should not
+establish Postal savings banks but should perpetuate the National banks!</p>
+
+<p>Then we saw him dictate the Denver platform which is more Hamiltonian
+than the Parker platform of 1904, and less favorable to the masses
+than the platform of Mr. Taft. We saw him choose a Standard Oil tool
+for the Chairmanship of his Finance Committee; we saw the Tobacco
+represented on the same Committee; we saw him courting David B. Hill,
+Judge Parker, Charles Murphy, Pat McCarren and “Fingy” Conners; we
+saw him yoke up with the liquor interests in Maine, Indiana and Ohio;
+we saw him change his whole political creed until Ryan, Belmont,
+Harriman and Rockefeller had nothing to fear from him, and we saw him
+conduct a campaign in which he stood for no distinct vital <i>democratic
+principle</i>, whatever. Then we saw him dodge when the President asked
+him, through the newspapers, how he stood on the Pearre bill which
+seeks to have Congress declare that a man’s business is not entitled to
+the same protection as his property. Impaled on that point, Bryan could
+do nothing but squirm.</p>
+
+<p>Then indeed, he lost out with level-headed men of all parties.</p>
+
+<h4>II.</h4>
+
+<p>Burdened with the record of his own instability, Bryan this year lost,
+practically, everything excepting the South. True, he got Nevada (two
+electoral votes,) and Colorado (five votes,) and Nebraska, (eight
+votes,) but this state he carried by making a piteous, tearful personal
+appeal,—and even then he got only a plurality, not a majority, and ran
+far behind the Democratic State ticket; but the West has repudiated
+him, just as the South and East have done.</p>
+
+<p>It would not be worth while to dwell upon the humiliation of that
+political serfdom which kept the South in the Bryan column.</p>
+
+<p>The South voted for Bryan, <i>and is glad he wasn’t elected</i>. Everybody,
+who knows anything, knows <i>that</i>. The fact ought to be able to
+penetrate the conceit of Bryan himself.</p>
+
+<p>But is the fact important? It <i>is</i>, for its first consequence will be
+the elimination of Bryan, and its second will be the restoration of the
+South to her historic position in the Republic. It is the beginning of
+Southern self-assertion; the end of her political nullity.</p>
+
+<p>Never again can Mr. Bryan hope to secure the support of the South.
+His record makes it impossible for her delegates to acquiesce in his
+nomination.</p>
+
+<p>This being so, the Bryanites of other sections will recognize the folly
+of nominating him—for without the Solid South no Democrat can hope to
+win the Presidency.
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_17" id="Page_17">[Pg 17]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>When Bryan adopted that policy of Africanizing the Democratic party,
+he drove nails into his political coffin. The facts were not aired by
+the Southern papers during the campaign, but Bryan will hear from them
+when he bobs up serenely and goes after a fourth nomination. Ever since
+the Civil War, the Democratic party in the South has claimed to be the
+white man’s party. Because it was feared that a division of the whites
+into two parties would result in giving to the negroes the balance of
+power, the Southern people have allowed the Democracy of other sections
+to legislate against our interests, to ignore our industrial existence,
+to rob our producers under forms of law, to foist upon us candidates
+not of our choosing, and platforms which we detested.</p>
+
+<p>The Democrats of other sections were permitted to treat us as though we
+belonged to them, <i>because</i> we feared to divide into two competitive
+white parties,—feared Negro Domination.</p>
+
+<p>For thirty years the South has been struggling to establish White
+Supremacy, and to diminish the political importance of the negro.</p>
+
+<p>Yet in this campaign of 1908 we heard Bryan’s lieutenant, Henry
+Watterson, declare that <i>the time had come for the Negroes to divide and
+thus increase their political importance</i>. The whole Bryanite campaign
+was pitched to that key. “The time has come to increase the political
+importance of the negro!”</p>
+
+<p>In other words, the Bryanites deserted the Democratic position on
+the negro question, and went over to the Thad Stevens-Sumner position,
+at the very time that the Republicans, led by Roosevelt and Taft, were
+coming over to the Southern view. We saw Bryan flirting with the
+negro leaders, and seeking to make a Democratic asset out of the resentment
+which they felt because of Roosevelt’s pro-Southern position on the
+matter of the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments. We likewise
+saw Mr. Bryan witness with seeming approval, the parade of negro
+clubs on whose banners were displayed extracts from Foraker’s speeches
+denouncing the President for his dismissal from the army of the black
+brutes who on their way to Brownsville insolently declared “When we
+get there all the women will look alike to us, white, black and Mexican”;
+and who put a climax to a series of outrages and threats by shooting
+up the town—killing one man at his own gate, bringing down the Chief
+of police with a shattered arm, riddling hotel and private houses with
+bullets; and terrorizing men, women and children.</p>
+
+<p>Yes, we saw Bryan receiving negro delegations who came to confer
+with him about the negro soldiers; we saw the colored delegations
+cordially met and hospitably entertained; and we heard them say, that
+they were perfectly satisfied with the assurances which Mr. Bryan had
+given them. They circulated, by the hundred thousand, a letter, bearing
+the names of the most prominent negroes of the land, in which the statement
+occurs that <i>“We have been in communication with Mr. Bryan for
+weeks and have received satisfactory assurances from him” as to</i>
+<span class="smcap">patronage, recognition, and the amendments</span>.</p>
+
+<p>Mr. Bryan must have been aware of the fact that this circular letter
+was being used in his behalf. It is highly probable that his Campaign
+Committee furnished the money which paid for the printing and the
+mailing of it; and there is no doubt that the negro speakers who went
+about asking for votes for Bryan, because of Brownsville and because
+of the Southern Disfranchisement laws, were paid by the Bryanite Committee.
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_18" id="Page_18">[Pg 18]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>It would have been a calamity to the country had the desperate tactics
+of the Bryanites met with success. The impression would have been made
+that the negro vote elected him, and there is no telling how far that
+would have influenced Mr. Bryan in his official dealings with the negro
+leaders.</p>
+
+<p>We must remember that he earnestly supported the candidacy of a negro
+against a white man, in Nebraska. The negro got the office. It is said
+that no such thing had occurred in Nebraska before.</p>
+
+<p>He educated his daughter and one of his sons at the Social Equality
+“University of Nebraska,” and another of his sons is a student there
+now. To this Social Equality College, Mr. Bryan annually donates two
+hundred and fifty dollars.</p>
+
+<p>He has never uttered a word against the mixed schools of Nebraska
+wherein the negro children are educated on terms of Social Equality
+with the whites. He has never condemned the intermarriage of blacks and
+whites. There is no law against it in Nebraska, and miscegenation is
+common.</p>
+
+<p>Born and reared in Illinois, Mr. Bryan holds the anti-Southern view
+of the race question. By birth, education and environment, he got the
+belief that Social Equality is right, and he practices what he believes
+when he sends his children to be educated along with the negroes.</p>
+
+<p>How can the South, knowing these things <i>as she now does</i>, ever support
+Bryan again? To do so would be to reverse her position on that question
+which to her is the most important of all. During the heat of the
+campaign, Southern editors who knew of these things kept mum. It will
+not be so when Bryan seeks the fourth nomination.</p>
+
+<p>In the next national convention of the Democratic party, the South will
+not be run over as the Bryanites ran over her at Denver.</p>
+
+<p>If she demands the Vice-Presidency in 1912, it won’t go to the attorney
+of the Brewers’ Combine of Indiana. If Lincoln’s name should again be
+lugged into the Convention, it will again be honored, but when the
+name of Robert E. Lee is mentioned it will not be hooted and hissed.
+Democrats of the other sections may not be pleased by the attitude of
+Southern delegations, but we venture the prediction that no Haskell
+brass-bands will insult them by tauntingly playing, “<i>Marching thro’
+Georgia</i>.”</p>
+
+<h4>III.</h4>
+
+<p>But it is not such a misfortune to Mr. Bryan that he will never be
+President. Several millions of very respectable men share that lot with
+him. He is rich,—the only man that ever got rich doing reform work. In
+Bryan’s case, indeed, there has been no reform work,—just floods of
+talk about it.</p>
+
+<p>He has friends everywhere, has no personal enemies, is of sanguine
+temperament, is rounding out into a comfortable fatness, has no bad
+habits, no gentlemanly vices, and is so unconsciously self-righteous in
+all that he does that he fails to realize what bad taste he displays
+when he introduces his wife’s name into a public speech and sets forth
+at length her qualifications for the position of “First Lady in the
+land.”</p>
+
+<p>Personally, we bear Mr. Bryan no ill will and wish him no harm, but it
+is our deliberate opinion that his inordinate ambition for office and
+his mistakes as a leader have done more immense injury to the cause of
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_19" id="Page_19">[Pg 19]</a></span>
+reform. He destroyed the Populist party, he has wrecked the Democratic
+party, he has driven thousands of Conservative men into the Republican
+ranks, and thousands of radical Democrats and Populists to the
+Socialists.</p>
+
+<p>His career has been rich in substantial rewards to Mr. Bryan himself,
+but, on the whole, it has been the bane of Jeffersonian democracy.</p>
+
+<hr class="chap" />
+<div><a name="FOREIGN" id="FOREIGN">&nbsp;</a></div>
+<h3>Foreign Missions</h3>
+
+<p>The action of the South Georgia Conference of the Methodist Church in
+voting $65,000 to Foreign Missions, last week, moves the <i>Jeffersonian</i>
+to say another word upon that subject.</p>
+
+<p>Some time ago, the New York <i>World</i> published a statement to the effect
+that, out of every ninety dollars contributed in this country to the
+Foreign Mission fund, only one dollar reached the heathen. This is a
+sweeping arraignment of the honesty and efficiency of the management of
+the funds which we are not prepared to indorse.</p>
+
+<p>Our criticism follows a different line. The question raised by the
+<i>Jeffersonian</i> is this,—<i>What moral right have American Christians to
+leave their own poor</i>,—<span class="smcap">unfed, unclothed and unredeemed</span>,—<i>and
+to drain off into foreign lands millions upon millions of American
+dollars to feed and clothe and redeem the poor of those foreign lands?</i></p>
+
+<p>It is a most serious question, Brother.</p>
+
+<p>You tell us, as per formula, that we are commanded to carry the Gospel
+to all the world. Granted. But where are we commanded to leave our own
+poverty-stricken wretches to die like poisoned rats in their holes,
+while we relieve the physical distress of the Chinese?</p>
+
+<p>What moral right have we to deny the beggar at our gate, and to heed
+the plaint of the Chinese beggar?</p>
+
+<p>One of our private correspondents a little while ago, wrote us that a
+certain preacher, whose attention he called to our statements on this
+subject, declared that said statements “<i>were misleading</i>.”</p>
+
+<p>Wherein? They could not <i>mislead</i>. If what we have said about our
+foreign missionaries furnishing food, clothing, medicine, fuel, etc.,
+to foreign “converts” is the truth, our people are entitled to know it.</p>
+
+<p>If our statements are false, <i>we</i> want to know it.</p>
+
+<p>A very prominent and able Baptist minister,—who has long been a
+laborer in the Foreign Missions field,—and a well-known Methodist
+minister, who has been similarly engaged, <i>are responsible for the
+statements made by the Jeffersonian</i>.</p>
+
+<p>One of these noble men said that the most discouraging thing about the
+Foreign Missions work was, that <i>when the rations to the “converts”
+were cut off, the convert lost interest in the Christian faith</i>.</p>
+
+<p>What words could we employ that would arraign the system more severely?</p>
+
+<hr class="tb" />
+
+<p>The idea of the <i>Jeffersonian</i> is that each nation of the world should
+take care of its own poor. We are not responsible for pauperism, vice
+and crime in China. There is no more reason why we should be taxed for
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_20" id="Page_20">[Pg 20]</a></span>
+<i>contributions to maintain a commissary</i> in Pekin or Hong Kong than in
+Paris, Berlin or London. We leave to the French the task of providing
+for the Parisian poor; we don’t think of supplying food, raiment and
+medicine to Berlin paupers; and we consider it the duty of the English
+to provide for London outcasts. Why, then should we virtually coerce
+our American Christians into sending money to heathen lands for the
+purpose of relieving the physical distress of the heathen?</p>
+
+<p>While penning this editorial, it occurred to us to glance at a New York
+exchange, for the purpose of noting <i>some contemporaneous instance of
+starvation, or of suicide because of hunger and lack of employment</i>.
+The newspapers of the North have been gruesomely full of many ghastly
+incidents of that kind.</p>
+
+<p>Yes, <i>there it was</i>, page 3, of the N. Y. Evening Journal, of December
+4th, 1908.</p>
+
+<p>A white woman, sick and starving, and with a babe at her breast, fell
+exhausted on Fifth Avenue,—the home-street of the richest men the
+world has ever known. All of them are Christians. When prosecuted for
+their criminal methods of taking other people’s property away from
+them, they blandly perjure themselves, escape the feeble clutches
+of the law, turn up serenely at church, next Sunday, and contribute
+handsomely to Foreign Missions.</p>
+
+<p>The woman who fell starving, on the street where these richest of men
+live, was named Mrs. Mary Schrumm. She was young, thinly dressed, and
+<i>had not tasted food for two days. The child was nearly famished,
+almost frozen and had acute bronchitis.</i> Her husband was out of work;
+an old woman with whom she had found shelter had been given notice to
+vacate; and Mrs. Schrumm had gone into the streets to seek refuge in
+some one of the charitable institutions. <i>She had been turned away from
+each of these that she could reach. She had begged that her babe, at
+least, might be taken in. No; the babe was sick, and</i> <span class="smcap">they could
+not take in a sick child</span>!</p>
+
+<p>God! And we talk about <i>what the heathen need! The hardest-hearted
+heathen that Jehovah ever made are some of the seared hypocrites who
+call themselves Christians.</i></p>
+
+<p>Denied everywhere, poor Mrs. Schrumm wandered about the streets, in the
+bitterly cold wind, until she fell, completely tired out.</p>
+
+<p><i>Then</i>, indeed, charity had to sit up and take notice. The starving
+woman was put into an ambulance, and carried to a hospital. <i>She</i> will
+probably recover; her child will probably die.</p>
+
+<p>Then, <i>what moral right</i> have you to let such unfortunates as these
+<i>fall starving in</i> <span class="smcap">your</span> <i>streets</i>, while you are sending
+<i>hundreds of millions of dollars abroad to feed, clothe, physic and
+make fires for the hungry, “thinly clad,” sick and shivering Chinese</i>?</p>
+
+<p>Doesn’t your own “mother wit” tell you that <i>Foreign Missions could
+not consume such vast sums of money</i>, <span class="smcap">if the missionaries limited
+themselves to preaching the gospel</span>!</p>
+
+<p>Put on your think cap, son.</p>
+
+<p>In the New York <i>World</i> of December 5, 1908, is reported the case of
+George Schulze who shot himself to death, in spite of the pleadings of
+his wife and children, because he was out of work, had tried in vain to
+secure employment and was in despair.</p>
+
+<p>If these were not typical cases, we would not dwell upon them. But they
+<i>are</i> typical cases, <i>and you know it</i>.
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_21" id="Page_21">[Pg 21]</a></span></p>
+
+<hr class="chap" />
+<div><a name="TREASURE" id="TREASURE">&nbsp;</a></div>
+<h3>Treasure Trove</h3>
+
+<p>The writer of the ballad which the Jeffersonian presents to its readers
+this month was Clara V. Dargan. She was born near Winnsboro, S. C., the
+daughter of Dr. K. S. Dargan, descendant of an old Virginia family of
+the highest standing. Her mother was a native Charlestonian of Huguenot
+blood, and from her the poetess inherited vivacity, social charm and a
+love for romance. The Dargan family was wealthy, but lost everything by
+the war. Miss Dargan published many poems and short prose stories in
+the periodicals of the time. In 1863, she was the literary editor of
+the “Edgefield Advertiser.”</p>
+
+<p>One of her stories, “Philip, My Son,” was considered by so good an
+authority as Henry Timrod to be equal to any story published in
+“Blackwood’s.”</p>
+
+<p>“Jean to Jamie” seems to us almost the perfection of a poem of that
+class. The pathos of it is so genuine, so unobtrusive and so deep that
+one feels, instinctively, that the lines of the poem ran from the heart
+of one who had suffered. Henry Timrod said of it, “The verse flows with
+the softness of a woman’s tears.” The poem, published in 1866, has long
+since been lost to current literature. Believing it to be a treasure
+that ought to be recovered, we reproduce it.</p>
+
+<hr class="chap" />
+<p class="f150"><b>Jean to Jamie</b></p>
+
+<div class="poetry-container"><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">What do you think now, Jamie,</span>
+<span class="i2">What do you think now?</span>
+<span class="i0">’Tis many a long year since we parted;</span>
+<span class="i0">Do you still believe Jean honest-hearted—</span>
+<span class="i2">Do you think so now?</span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">You did think so once, Jamie,</span>
+<span class="i2">In the blithe spring-time;</span>
+<span class="i0">“There’s never a star in the blue sky</span>
+<span class="i0">That’s half sae true as my Jamie,” quo’ I—</span>
+<span class="i2">Do you mind the time?</span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">We were happy then, Jamie,</span>
+<span class="i2">Too happy, I fear;</span>
+<span class="i0">Sae we kissed farewell at the cottage door—</span>
+<span class="i0">I never hae seen you since at that door</span>
+<span class="i2">This many a year.</span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">For they told you lies, Jamie;</span>
+<span class="i2">You believed them a’!</span>
+<span class="i0">You, who had promised to trust me true</span>
+<span class="i0">Before the whole world—what did you do?</span>
+<span class="i2">You believed them a’!</span>
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_22" id="Page_22">[Pg 22]</a></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">When they called you fause, Jamie,</span>
+<span class="i2">And argued it sair,</span>
+<span class="i0">I flashed wi’ anger—I kindled wi’ scorn,</span>
+<span class="i0">Less at you than at them; I was sae lorn,</span>
+<span class="i2">I couldna do mair.</span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">After a bit while, Jamie,—</span>
+<span class="i2">After a while,</span>
+<span class="i0">I heard a’ the cruel words you had said—</span>
+<span class="i0">The cruel, hard words; sae I bowed my head—</span>
+<span class="i2">Na tear—na smile—</span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">And you took your letters, Jamie,</span>
+<span class="i2">Gathered them a’,</span>
+<span class="i0">And burnt them one by one in the fire,</span>
+<span class="i0">And watched the bright blaze leaping higher—</span>
+<span class="i2">Burnt ringlet and a’!</span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Then back to the world, Jamie,</span>
+<span class="i2">Laughing went I;</span>
+<span class="i0">There ne’er was a merrier laugh than mine;</span>
+<span class="i0">What foot could outdance me—what eye outshine?</span>
+<span class="i2">“Puir fool!” laughed I.</span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">But I’m weary of mirth, Jamie,</span>
+<span class="i2">’Tis hollowness a’;</span>
+<span class="i0">And in these long years sin’ we were parted,</span>
+<span class="i0">I fear I’m growing aye colder-hearted</span>
+<span class="i2">Than you thought ava!</span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">I hae many lovers, Jamie,</span>
+<span class="i2">But I dinna care;</span>
+<span class="i0">I canna abide a’ the nonsense they speak—</span>
+<span class="i0">Yet I’d go on my knees o’er Arran’s gray peak</span>
+<span class="i2">To see thee ance mair!</span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">I long for you back, Jamie,</span>
+<span class="i2">But that canna be;</span>
+<span class="i0">I sit all alone by the ingle at e’en,</span>
+<span class="i0">And think o’ those sad words: “It might have been”—</span>
+<span class="i2">Yet never can be!</span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">D’ye think o’ the past, Jamie?</span>
+<span class="i2">D’ye think o’ it now?</span>
+<span class="i0">’Twad be a bit comfort to know that ye did—</span>
+<span class="i0">Oh, sair, would I greet to know that ye did,</span>
+<span class="i2">My dear, dear Jamie!</span>
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_23" id="Page_23">[Pg 23]</a></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<hr class="chap" />
+<div><a name="ROLLO" id="ROLLO">&nbsp;</a></div>
+<h3>The Passing of Lucy and Rollo</h3>
+
+<p>Gentle reader, did you ever steep your mind in one of those Sunday
+School hooks which were in circulation previous to our Civil War? If
+not, ransack your grandmother’s garret until you find a specimen of
+that Arcadian literature.</p>
+
+<p>The little boy in those blessed books never quarrelled, never had a
+fight, never had dirty hands, and would have been inexpressibly shocked
+had he made a conversational slip in grammar. He was an intolerable
+angel in breeches—was this little boy of the Sunday school book.
+<i>He</i> couldn’t “talk back,” nor handle slang, nor throw rocks, nor
+skin-the-cat, nor ride the billy-goat, nor tie things to a dog’s tail,
+nor put a pin in a chair for somebody to sit on. If the Bad Boy hit him
+in the stomach, he wept meekly, quoted a text, and went home to his
+mamma.</p>
+
+<p>In common conversation, the language of this Good Boy was drawn from
+wells of English undefiled. Erasmus never used choicer words; and
+Chesterfield was not more perfect in manners, than was this detestable
+Good Boy.</p>
+
+<p>Among youths of his own age, he was a miniature Socrates, washed and
+otherwise purified. Wisdom oozed from him in hateful streams. The
+sagacity of sages sat on him with uncanny ease.</p>
+
+<p>When a grown man spoke to this Good Boy, the G. B. never replied until
+he had lifted his right hand and ejaculated “Oh, Sir!” After the salute
+and the “Oh, Sir,” came the response, which always did infinite credit
+to the manners, mind and heart of this outrageously Good Boy.</p>
+
+<p>Life was an easy-going affair to the G. B. All things came his way.
+He was virtuous and he was happy. Nothing ever occurred to soil his
+clothes or tangle his hair. His nose never bled, he never bit his
+tongue, never struck his funny-bone, never mashed his thumb with the
+hammer, never had his drink to go the wrong way. He was never drowned
+while bathing in the pond, for the simple reason that he didn’t “go
+in” on the Sabbath. The Bad Boy “went in washing” on Sunday and was
+drowned, as a matter of course.</p>
+
+<p>Daniel in the lion’s den was not safer amid the perils than was the
+Good Boy among the ills which are incident to boyhood. Past vicious
+bulls and snappish curs he walked serene and unharmed. Neither his gun,
+nor his pony ever kicked him; neither the wasp, nor the bee, nor the
+yellow-jacket ventured to sting him; nettles avoided his bare feet; no
+boil came to afflict his nose, nor stye to distort his eye. No limb
+of a tree ever broke under <i>him</i>, and gave him a nasty fall. He never
+tumbled into the creek, nor snagged his “pants,” nor sprained his
+ankle, nor cut his finger, nor bumped his head, nor walked against the
+edge of the door at night.</p>
+
+<p>Nothing could happen to this insufferable Good Boy—nothing bad, I
+mean. <i>His</i> shoes never blistered his heels, his hat never blew away,
+he never lost his hand-kerchief, never had a stone-bruise, never missed
+his lessons, never soiled his book, never played truant, and never ate
+anything which caused him to clap both hands to a certain place in
+front while he doubled up and howled.
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_24" id="Page_24">[Pg 24]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>Oh, a pink of perfection was this odious boy of the ante-bellum Sunday
+School books.</p>
+
+<p>And next to him in comprehensive unbearableness was the little girl who
+was the counterpart of this little boy.</p>
+
+<p>Her name was Lucy. Or, perhaps, Marielle. Or, for the sake of variety,
+Lucretia.</p>
+
+<p>And what a portentous proposition in pantalettes she was, to be sure!</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter">
+    <img src="images/i_024.jpg" alt="" width="600" height="400" />
+    <p class="f120 space-below1">“Rollo, Lucy and Mariette went Together.”</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>She talked just as exquisitely as did the Good Boy. Her selection of
+words was artistic, and her grammar immaculate. If William Pitt’s
+natural style was that of the “State Paper,” the colloquial standard of
+Lucy, Lucretia and Marielle was that of Madame de Stael.</p>
+
+<p>She walked with primness; if she ran at all, it was with dignity; she
+did not giggle, did not romp, never made a mud pie, never pinched the
+Good Boy, and was such a formidable little thing, generally, that even
+the Bad Boy never snatched her bonnet. Such a thought as that of
+stealing a kiss from her never entered the head of <i>any</i> boy, good, bad
+or indifferent.</p>
+
+<p>This unearthly girl always seemed an impossibility to me, after I
+became a grown-up, until I chanced to read about the daughter of John
+Adams, second President of these United States. Mr. Adams married a
+stately woman whose name was Abigail. What else could you expect, if
+not that a girl born to John Adams and his wife, Abigail, would be a
+tremendous little girl from the very start? Her parents named <i>her</i>
+Abigail,—as an additional guarantee against chewing gum, coca-cola,
+slang, and tomboyishness.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft">
+    <img src="images/i_025.jpg" alt="" width="200" height="262" />
+    <p class="center">ABIGAIL ADAMS</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>At the age of eighteen, we find Miss Abigail Adams writing about her
+father as though he were some Sphinx or Pyramid that she had been viewing.
+Please go slow, as you read what this young lady says of her own papa:
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_25" id="Page_25">[Pg 25]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>“I discover a thousand traits of softness, delicacy and sensibility
+in this excellent man’s character. How amiable, how respectable,
+how worthy of every token of my attention has this conduct rendered
+a parent, a father, to whom we feel due even a resignation of our
+opinions.”</p>
+
+<p>Did you ever? Just try to put yourself at the view-point of a girl who
+could calmly sit down and analyze her father, as a naturalist would
+disjoint a rare beetle. Think of a daughter referring to her father as
+“<i>this excellent man</i>,” and classing him “<i>respectable</i>”! Think of a
+daughter dutifully conceding, in writing, that her dad is “worthy of my
+attention” and “even a resignation of our opinions.”</p>
+
+<p>And, after all, she jumped from the sublime to the ridiculous by
+marrying a man named Smith!</p>
+
+<p>But she has restored my confidence in the girl of the Sunday school
+book. Lucy <i>did</i> appear on this planet in the flesh; and when she
+talked and wrote her style was that of little Abigail Adams. Marielle
+was not an impossibility, nor was Lucretia. Even that obnoxious Good
+Boy was true to life—if John Adams’ description of his son John
+Quincy is not too highly colored by paternal pride. After reading said
+paternal description I can understand how it was that, while Henry
+Clay made friends out of those whom he refused, John Quincy Adams made
+enemies by his manner in granting favors.</p>
+
+<hr class="tb" />
+
+<p>But no matter how many Lucys and Rollos existed prior to our War
+between the States, it would be mighty hard to find a Lucy or a Rollo
+now. Times have changed, manners have changed, types have changed.
+What is responsible for the bold-eyed girl—the girl of loose speech
+and loud manners? What is responsible for the irreverent boy—the boy
+of the cigarette and of <i>the look which undresses every handsome woman
+that he meets</i>? These are the boys that greet girls with a “Hello!”
+and a leer that should offend. These are the girls who shout “Hello!”
+to the boys, and who lie prone by the side of young men during a
+“straw-ride” at night. Are all such maidens the daughters of mothers
+who drink and gamble? Are all such youths the sons of men who have no
+morals? By no means. Our whole social and industrial situation has
+changed, and the people have changed with it.</p>
+
+<p>Would that I could believe that our Public System is guiltless in
+this matter. Use your eyes as you pass a crowded academy and note the
+conditions which make against common decency—to say nothing of that
+deference and respect with which every properly trained boy should
+treat members of the other sex.</p>
+
+<p>But there are causes deeper, more universal than the promiscuous mix-up
+in the Public Schools. The centripetal power of class legislation is
+drawing capital inward to the small centre of the Privileged. To the
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_26" id="Page_26">[Pg 26]</a></span>
+masses is left a constantly smaller proportion of the nation’s annual
+production of wealth. In turn, this law-made and abnormal condition
+of things over-crowds the cities. In fact, rural life has become
+so unattractive that the trend of population is <i>from the farm to
+the town</i>. Every village has its surplus—the men and boys, white
+and black, who have no visible means of support and who can not be
+persuaded to work. In every town is the girl who hardly knows why she’s
+there,—but she’s there.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter">
+    <img src="images/i_026.jpg" alt="" width="600" height="392" />
+    <p class="f120 space-below1">“‘Oh! Look,’ cried Lucy.”</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>And the pace-that-kills in the Chicagos and New Yorks is faithfully
+represented, on a small scale, in each of our towns. Don’t all of us
+know it? We do. But what is the remedy?</p>
+
+<p>The temperance people believe that whiskey is at the bottom of the
+trouble. The church people believe that irreligion is the source of the
+evil. The school teacher believes that education will save the day.</p>
+
+<p>But can not the student of human affairs see that the demoralization
+incident to four years of civil strife shook our entire social system
+like an earthquake? Did not the Spanish war light up,—luridly,
+vividly, horribly,—the almost universal corruption which had seized
+upon the body politic?</p>
+
+<p>“Eat, drink and be merry—tomorrow we die.” When a nation rings with
+that cry, it is close to the whirlpool. “Let us have a good time!” The
+man drinks and makes much of his food; the woman drinks and thinks a
+deal about her eating; the boy drinks and knows the good dishes; the
+girl drinks and daintily scans the menu. “Hello!” shouts the dashing
+boy; “Hello!” answers the dashing girl, and off they hurry to some
+place where talk, songs, pictures and conduct are “up-to-date,”—<i>and
+in many and many a case the Hello couple are reeling hellward by
+midnight</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Don’t we <i>know</i> that our statute-book is the Iliad of our woes?
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_27" id="Page_27">[Pg 27]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>The few are wickedly rich while the many are helplessly poor, because
+the laws have been made <i>for the purpose of bringing about that very
+state of affairs</i>. There is a fierce struggle for existence which waxes
+more desperate every year. <i>Men fight each other for a job, with a
+ferocity like that of starving dogs fighting over a bone.</i> Girls are
+forced into positions where delicacy of feeling is trampled out and
+where it requires heroic courage to resist the tempters who are ever on
+her trail to pull her down.</p>
+
+<p>Who does not know that the ten million dollars which one of our
+religious denominations recently sent abroad for Foreign Missions would
+be better employed if it were devoted to the breaking up of our hideous
+marketing of white women to lewd houses? Who does not feel that the
+hundreds of millions which our Government has spent in the Philippines
+had better have been left in the pockets of the taxpayers here at home?
+Who does not know that we ought to tremble for our future when we see
+how our law-makers have been the willing tools of those who ruin the
+millions of men and women, girls and boys, in order that a few hundreds
+of ravenous rascals like Rockefeller and Carnegie and Havemeyer and
+Ryan and Vanderbilt and Gould and Harriman shall each be richer than
+any king ever was?</p>
+
+<p>Most of us <i>do</i> know it. Some of us have long been trying to arouse
+the patient, victimized millions to a sense of their own wrongs. But it is
+an uphill work. Some despair, some scoff, some are callous, some won’t
+listen, some are timid, some are interested in keeping things as they
+are, some think it is God’s will that a favored few should reach the
+Paradise of unlimited riches while the unfavored multitudes sink into a
+hell of eternal wretchedness.</p>
+
+<p>The lotus-eater’s plaint of “<i>Let us alone</i>” is to me as fearful as
+that reckless, creedless, madly selfish cry “<i>Let us eat, drink and be
+merry: tomorrow we die.</i>”</p>
+
+<p>Jay Gould contemptuously dismissed the suggestion that, some day, the
+American people might rise in arms against its swinish plutocracy. Said
+Jason, the cynical,</p>
+
+<p>“<i>I could hire one-half of the people to shoot the other half.</i>”</p>
+
+<p>The man who said that was not more contemptuous of us than are the
+plutocrats who rule and rob us now. But perhaps what he said is the
+truth. They manage to keep us divided, about half and half, in the
+bloodless battle of ballots; perhaps, if it came to shooting they could
+divide us the same way.
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_28" id="Page_28">[Pg 28]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter">
+    <img src="images/i_028.jpg" alt="" width="500" height="488" />
+    <div class="blockquot">
+      <p class="f120">“He Certainly Was Good To Me.”</p>
+      <p class="author">New York <i>American</i></p>
+    </div>
+</div>
+
+<hr class="chap" />
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_29" id="Page_29">[Pg 29]</a></span></p>
+<div class="chapter"><h2 class="nobreak">A Survey of the World</h2></div>
+<p class="f120">By Tom Dolan</p>
+<hr class="r5" />
+
+<h3>Congress Reassembles—The President’s Message</h3>
+
+<p>The attention of the sixty-first Congress was naturally given first to
+the President’s annual document, which this year lost none of its usual
+length. In its entirety it is a plea for centralization of governmental
+authority in “the administration,” alleging that the nation cannot be
+“in peril from any man who derives authority from the people and who
+is from time to time compelled to give an account of its exercise to
+the people.” Mr. Roosevelt should know, and does know, however, that
+under our present manner of electing executives “the people” are as a
+mass too indifferent, or too ignorant, to demand such an accounting
+and until election by popular vote is incorporated as a principle of
+proceeding, he is virtually suggesting a monarchy, upheld by a special
+caste consisting of the holders of Federal office and the recipients of
+Administrative favor.</p>
+
+<p>For the control of the trusts, he offers nothing new—nothing that he
+has not already woven into the fabric of “my policies.” He denounces
+the Sherman law, and believes in regulation and control by strong
+central authority.</p>
+
+<p>On the question of the currency, he was pathetically weak and eagerly
+willing to leave it to his monetary commission to “propose a thoroughly
+good system which will do away with the existing defects,” and very
+guardedly admits that there was a “monetary disturbance in the fall of
+1907 which immensely increased the difficulty of ordinary relief.”</p>
+
+<p>On the labor question—a matter upon which Hamiltonians may much more
+safely grow expansive than those of finance—Mr. Roosevelt declared
+against child labor, for diminution of work on the part of women, and
+a general shortening of the hours of labor and for an inheritance tax
+that would help to equalize the burden of taxation which now falls
+so heavily upon those least able to bear it. He commended highly the
+intelligence of the labor vote, which refused to be “swung” as a
+unit for any candidate and took occasion to pay his respects to Mr.
+Taft as an ideal Judge. On protection to workingmen, Mr. Roosevelt
+displayed a sympathetic attitude which does him much credit. “When a
+workman is injured, he needs not an expensive and dreadful lawsuit,
+but the certainty of relief through immediate administrative action.
+No academic theory about ‘freedom of contract’ should be permitted to
+interfere with this movement.” He urged Congress to pass without delay
+an Employers’ Liability Law, which should serve as a model, covering
+the District of Columbia.</p>
+
+<p>Among the old issues to which Mr. Roosevelt adverted were
+recommendations pertaining to the preservation of forests and the
+encouragement of industrial education. The Philippine policy is to
+continue and independence is promised so indefinitely that it is
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_30" id="Page_30">[Pg 30]</a></span>
+apparent that no voluntary, relinquishment is ever intended. Both the
+Parcels Post and Postal Savings Banks were favored, the former being
+strongly urged.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter">
+    <img src="images/i_030.jpg" alt="" width="600" height="467" />
+    <div class="blockquot">
+      <p class="author"><i>Washington, D. C. Herald</i></p>
+    </div>
+</div>
+
+<p>Results—not the sinking of money for no adequate return—was stressed
+as to inland waterways. Considerations in reference to public health
+came in for a word, and the Pure Food Law was lauded in superlative
+terms. The President advocated increased appropriations for educational
+departments and for increasing the “now totally inadequate pay of our
+judges.”</p>
+
+<p>Mr. Roosevelt advises abandonment of the idea of combining New Mexico
+and Arizona into one State, and suggests that they each be given
+independent Statehood.</p>
+
+<p>He averred that the nation’s foreign policy is “based on the theory
+that right must be done between nations as between individuals.” This
+is a specimen of “speaking softly.” The “Big Stick” follows almost
+immediately in the almost frantic state of mind he seems to be in
+concerning the needs for a great army and navy. Even the small boys
+ought to be trained in rifle practice! If he had added the hope that
+small girls would be taught to mould bullets and scrape lint, he would
+have been patriotically sublime!</p>
+
+<p>That portion of his message which demands that members of legislative
+branch of the government be prosecuted as are those in the executive,
+and his sneer at Congress as being afraid of the Secret Service has
+created intense excitement in both houses and the language used in the
+message may be totally expunged from the records. Both Democrats and
+Republicans concur in the disposition to ignore matters of party and
+act in this matter, casting a stigma upon them all, as a whole.
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_31" id="Page_31">[Pg 31]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>Mr. Roosevelt’s bold assertion that the Panama Canal is a model for all
+work of that kind will meet many challengers. Philippe Bunau-Varilla,
+formerly Panama minister to the United States, has just issued a
+statement declaring that the Canal will cost $280,000,000 and that the
+plan now being carried out, owing to the dangers from the Gatun Dam,
+(which has already shown itself unreliable) “will result almost surely
+in the greatest disaster in the history of public undertakings.”</p>
+
+<p>The President’s message, altogether, is like the President himself:
+commendable in some respects, partisan to a degree and strong in
+language rather than logic.</p>
+
+<h3>Reforming the House of Lords</h3>
+
+<p>Someone has said that every twentieth Englishman is a genius and the
+balance dolts, or something of that tenor. The Special committee of the
+House of Lords, in its report recommending a radical change in that
+body, seems actuated by a desire to retain as many of the twentieth
+type as possible and eliminate the rest.</p>
+
+<p>At present, this august body contains 618 members, consisting of the
+royal princes, the Archbishops of York and Canterbury, two dozen
+minor bishops, the English peers and those Scotch and Irish peers who
+have been elected by their fellows to represent the nobility of these
+respective countries.</p>
+
+<p>The committee each of the colonies send elective peers; that the
+24 bishops elect one-third of their number to the Lords at each
+Parliament. The Archbishops are to remain permanent features and about
+130 hereditary peers are to be retained, including such as have held the
+position of Cabinet minister, or of Governor-General of Canada, or
+Viceroy of India or have enjoyed high positions in the army or navy;
+and all who have served for twenty years in the House of Commons. Five
+judges are to be added as “law lords” and of the remaining number 200
+are to be elected as representative peers.</p>
+
+<p>By this selective, as well as elective, method, the fittest in brains,
+skill and ability would survive. It is equally probable, however, that,
+so far as broad, progressive policies are concerned, a House of Lords
+so made up would be even a greater handicap to the popular will than
+as it stands today. The average Lord now accepts his seat therein with
+that nonchalance which characterizes his attitude toward those other
+favors of fortune which are his by birth. He feels no added pride and
+seldom any real obligation to interest himself in measures that come
+before the House. While he is an obstructionist, it is after a rather
+passive fashion. To change this so as to make a seat in the galaxy of
+Lords a prize to be contested for, while limiting the eligibles to
+the race in the arbitrary manner proposed, would inevitably mean a
+powerful governing body, supersaturated with class-consciousness and
+hyper-sensitive to the faintest breath against its own aristocratic
+dominance. The reactionaries would entrench themselves by electing the
+most brilliant men of their own views. The lonely members from Canada,
+Australia, New Zealand and South Africa would have slight influence in
+shaping the destiny of the Empire as a whole and none as to England’s
+domestic affairs. To public opinion, then, as now, the House of Lords
+would be almost impervious. How, indeed, can any set of men taught to
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_32" id="Page_32">[Pg 32]</a></span>
+regard themselves, from infancy, as superior beings, be affected by the
+ideas of the plebeians? They have always assumed their class to be the
+natural governor and guardian of the hoi polloi. If the H. P. doesn’t
+thrive, it’s not the fault of the nobility.</p>
+
+<p>It is no wonder that the House of Lords itself should be shamed over
+the survival of a caste system which permits even an idiot, born to the
+purple, to share the honors and responsibilities of membership in the
+highest assembly of their government, but even those apologists who
+maintain that the Britisher of rank feels obligations to humanity as
+does no other public man must take fright at the proposed concentration
+of power the new plan would insure. Certes, after many years of
+thwarted hopes for bettering of general conditions, the patient English
+people could only rise, in holy wrath, and abolish the House of Lords
+altogether. And, as a real and permanent reform measure, why don’t they
+do it now?</p>
+
+<h3>The German Incident Closed</h3>
+
+<div class="poetry-container"><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">“The toot of the Teuton is tootin’ no more,</span>
+<span class="i1">All sober sits Berlin, beside the wild Spree;”</span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<p>The words of this classic were never more apropos. The ebullition of
+German indignation over their Kaiser’s indiscreet interview, published
+in the London Daily Telegraph recently, the salient features of which
+were summarized in the December Jeffersonian, has subsided and the hard
+words, as proverbial, have “broken no bones.” That something drastic
+should be done to prevent such outbreaks in future, as well as to
+reprimand the “Great War Lord” for the unfortunate garrulity, was the
+generally held, resentful opinion; but <i>doing</i> it, was another matter,
+unless the mincing of words between the Emperor and his Imperial
+Chancellor could so be construed. After their meeting for the purpose
+of discussing the matter, Von Bulow announced to the Reichstag that
+he was convinced the Kaiser would hereafter “observe that reserve,
+even in private conversations, which is equally indispensable in the
+interest of a uniform policy, and for the authority of the Crown.”
+This assurance was further bolstered by an official publication that
+Emperor William “approved this statement” and “gave Prince Bulow the
+assurance of his continued confidence.” This pacification the Reichstag
+was apparently glad to accept, in lieu of a constitutional guarantee
+of a check upon the Kaiser. During the national hysteria, when all
+were alike guilty of lese-majeste, it was safe to join the popular
+clamor. In his official capacity, no member of the Reichstag seemed
+bold enough to attempt to storm the fortress of “Divine Right.” It
+would have required a now impossible unification of opposing forces
+in that body, under leadership fearless of the consequences to self,
+to have magnified the disturbance into a real revolution in the
+German government. So, on all sides, there was a refluencing tide of
+displeasure—but the water-mark will remain for many a day to show that
+patience has its limits even in a people of almost unexampled docility.
+And, after having enjoyed a very carnival of free speech, they will
+never again submit to the gagging which has heretofore obtained.</p>
+
+<p>Whether the Kaiser feels the humiliation accredited to him or not, is
+rather doubtful. At any rate, he viewed the storm with superb outward
+indifference, causing it to be understood, while he was enjoying
+himself on a hunting trip with the heir to the Austrian throne, that he
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_33" id="Page_33">[Pg 33]</a></span>
+was “heedless of the exaggerations of public criticism which he
+regarded as incorrect.” He is still The State—chance confidences with
+interviewers notwithstanding. But his subjects may not be quite so
+passive as before.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter">
+    <img src="images/i_033.jpg" alt="" width="300" height="299" />
+    <p class="center space-below3">Freight Rates Increase</p>
+</div>
+
+<h3>Events in China</h3>
+
+<p>One of the strangest, strongest characters in history passed from the
+stage when the Dowager Empress of China, best known to us as Tsi An,
+yielded to Death—her only conqueror—some time in November last.
+Born a slave, the story of how her wit, beauty, determination and
+utter unscrupulousness placed an empire boasting at least 400,000,000
+subjects at her feet, is well known. For fifty years she reigned an
+absolute despot, while other nations rose and fell, maps were changed,
+the tide of Occidental civilization began to beat down the ancient
+barriers of her realm. Knowing that the summons had come to her, did
+she yet stretch out her still powerful hand and remove the weakling
+Emperor, whose demise preceded her own by so short a time? A physical
+wreck—a virtual prisoner and perhaps the victim of some brain
+stupefying drug, there were still dangers to be feared to the dynasty
+she so long upheld, and all her record shows she would not have
+hesitated at any step necessary to preserve the reign of the Manchus
+and repel the efforts which reformers might make, through Tsai-ti’ien,
+to hasten forward a foreign type of government. Much evil is said
+of the Dowager Empress—and much evil perhaps she did, according to
+some standards; yet she selected her ministers with some wisdom and
+can scarcely be censured for refusing to let herself and the Chinese
+masses—both intensely conservative—be harried into “reforms” for
+which they were unprepared. The national and racial pride of such
+highly informed Chinese as had received not only the education
+appropriate to their class at home, but who had enjoyed foreign
+advantages, is in nowise typical—and it must be remembered that Tsi
+An was dealing with “teeming millions” indeed. She was not stubbornly
+unprogressive, as various Imperial edicts issued within the past decade
+demonstrated. Indeed, it was not long since that one assurance was
+given that a Constitution would be granted within nine years.</p>
+
+<p>Prince Chun—named recently as regent, will link the ideas and methods
+of the ancient Pure Dynasty with those which must prevail long ere
+little Pu Yi, his baby Emperor, who toddled into the Manchu succession
+the other day, can take the reins of government for himself. The people
+have accepted the tiny monarch designed to continue the present dynasty
+with no ill will. Chinese discontent has been constant for lo! these
+centuries, for the Manchus are a foreign Mongol race, but the almost
+simultaneous deaths of the nominal ruler and his iron-willed aunt, and
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_34" id="Page_34">[Pg 34]</a></span>
+the installation of a three-year-old as puppet king, made comparatively
+slight impression. Indeed, it is not likely that all China knows even
+yet that there has been any change, so slowly does news travel in some
+parts thereof. Under such torpid conditions, there may be uprisings
+against Viceroys in certain provinces, but anything like a general
+revolution will not in many years threaten the peace of the empire.
+The emancipation of China will come through enlightened rulers; or be
+deferred by intrigue within the Court. Three uprisings have taken place
+against the Manchu rule, but they were all before foreign interests
+and influence had intervened to give the yellow race a common cause
+against white aggression and patriotic Chinamen and Manchus will prefer
+a government by all the people rather than a mere change in the throne.
+Unless signs speedily fail, no real “crisis” is imminent.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter">
+    <img src="images/i_034.jpg" alt="" width="600" height="496" />
+   <div class="blockquot">
+    <p class="center">“THE DONKEY IS A PATIENT ANIMAL.”—<i>W. J. Bryan.</i></p>
+    <p class="author space-below3">New York <i>World</i></p>
+  </div>
+</div>
+
+<h3>The Japanese Alliance and Elihu Root</h3>
+
+<p>“The people of the United States hold for Japan a peculiar feeling of
+regard and friendship” wrote Theodore Roosevelt after the visit to
+himself and Elihu Root of Baron Kogoro Takahira, Japanese Ambassador,
+last September. After much that has seemed unnecessarily subterranean
+in the negotiations between Takahira and the Secretary of State,
+admissions have been wormed from official sources that these gentlemen
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_35" id="Page_35">[Pg 35]</a></span>
+have consummated a pact that is variously regarded as a miracle of deft
+diplomacy; a dangerous entangling alliance or as a farcical declaration
+of non-binding intentions.</p>
+
+<p>Subjected to examination, the “agreement” covers the following main
+points, stated in brief:</p>
+
+<p>A mutual wish to “encourage the free and peaceful development of their
+commerce in the Pacific.”</p>
+
+<p>Since the imperialistic idea is that peace is best preserved by being
+prepared for war, this “peaceful development” inevitably means to the
+United States a vastly increased naval burden. No less if Japan be
+honest than if she be insincere.</p>
+
+<p>The second article declares for the maintenance of the existing status
+quo and the “defense of the principle of equal opportunity for commerce
+and industry <i>in China</i>.”</p>
+
+<p>Has the Chinese boycott of Japanese goods anything to do with this?
+Takahira or Marquis Katsura, Japanese premier, please answer.</p>
+
+<p>The third article obligates each nation to respect the territorial
+possessions in the Pacific of the other.</p>
+
+<p>What territorial possessions has Uncle Sam save the Philippines, whose
+loss would be a good riddance?</p>
+
+<p>The fourth article is nothing more than an elaboration of the second.</p>
+
+<p>The fifth article reveals the purpose, the strength and the danger,
+of the understanding in that it pledges each government, should the
+present regulations in the Pacific be disturbed in anywise, “or the
+principle of equal opportunity, as above defined” be threatened, “to
+communicate with each other for the purpose of arriving at a mutual
+understanding with regard to the measures they may consider it useful
+to take.”</p>
+
+<p>Realizing that no treaty outright could be made without Senatorial
+indorsement and that this would mean a departure from all American
+tradition and policy, Elihu Root has framed a skillful document which
+creates a binding promise to consult Japan in any issue that may arise,
+while it escapes the odium that would attach to an actual alliance now.
+The real alliance would be precipitated whenever emergency, real or
+seeming, made it easily and logically possible to invite the conference
+“with regard to the measures they may consider it useful to take.” It
+ties this American Republic to an Asiatic despotism in a manner both
+unseemly and unnecessary. Nothing is gained that we did not have and
+the sacrifice of our best traditions is saddening.</p>
+
+<hr class="tb" />
+
+<p>It is not so much the complications that are to be feared, even though
+Russia also fronts the Pacific; even though England and China have
+doubtless concluded an alliance of their own and even though other
+world powers have interests in the Orient which they jealously guard.
+Australia has long viewed Japan with doubt and aversion and the news
+of the step taken by the United States will probably shatter a real
+friendship, based upon white blood and mutual ideals, that could have
+been cemented between that independent colony and our government. Even
+though the agreement had no untoward consequence, it is a melancholy
+fact that the American people have surrendered their constitutional
+right to govern themselves or control their policies as to other
+nations. Mr. Root has formed an alliance binding in fact,—and evading,
+by subterfuge, any terms upon which the Senate could base an action.
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_36" id="Page_36">[Pg 36]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>In this, Mr. Root has again shown his famous sleight-of-hand
+performance, “Now you see it and now you don’t!” The intention to
+exploit China, by peaceful means, if possible, but to exploit, is
+clear; as is the understanding that Korea and the Philippines are to
+be left to their respective masters. Yet, scan the treaty again and it
+appears beautifully benevolent. It is indeed a piece of handiwork of
+which a corporation henchman may be proud as it more than sustains his
+reputation for ability to advise his clients how to make illegal moves
+without breaking the law. In the more elegant language of William C.
+Whitney, of New York, who was familiar with the promotion of divers
+deals: “I have had many lawyers tell me what we could not do, and what
+the law forbade. Elihu Root is the first Lawyer I ever had who could
+always tell me how to do legally what we wanted to do.”</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter">
+    <img src="images/i_036.jpg" alt="" width="600" height="381" />
+   <div class="blockquot">
+    <p class="f120">The Treaty Making Power Lies With Congress</p>
+    <p class="author space-below3">Baltimore <i>Sun</i></p>
+  </div>
+</div>
+
+<p>Such is the record of the man who is to succeed Thomas C. Platt,
+as Senator from New York, Timothy L. Woodruff having been forced
+gracefully to renounce his claims. It will be a relief to get rid of
+the disgusting septuagenarian, Platt; but is a profound pity his
+successor should not be a man in whom the people have confidence. Root
+has always been a wily corporation lawyer; he has just completed an
+alliance in contravention of the spirit of the Constitution and is
+being elevated to the Senate through Federal patronage.</p>
+
+<p>He may serve his country well—but the leopard will have to change a
+good many of his spots.</p>
+
+<h3>The Standard Oil Inquiry</h3>
+
+<p>“It was a bad year for the trusts,” wrote Edward Sherwood Meade,
+Professor of finance in the University of Pennsylvania, at the close of
+1907. In support of his comment, Prof. Meade cited the $29,000,000 fine
+levied against the Standard Oil, of Indiana, by Judge K. M. Landis,
+and the proceedings instituted to dissolve the Oil and Tobacco trusts.
+As is well known, Judge Grosscup, of the United States Circuit Court
+of Appeals, reversed Judge Landis on technicalities and the Company
+was saved from the imposition of the fine through what was universally
+execrated as a gross miscarriage of justice. Attorney-General Bonaparte
+at the time expressed himself freely in demanding of Congress the
+enactment of “a more comprehensive law permitting appeals by the
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_37" id="Page_37">[Pg 37]</a></span>
+Government in criminal cases,” instead of the present statutes which
+“give to the wealthy defendants in such cases an unfair advantage.”
+So 1907 was not such a bad year for the Standard Oil,—but a most
+profitable one, as the favor extended it in the Indiana suit enabled
+the stock of the Company to soar to nearly 700 forthwith.</p>
+
+<p>The proceedings in the latter part of 1908 by the Government to
+dissolve the Standard Oil are the most important ever instituted
+against this odious monopoly. It is almost incredible that, after 20
+years of immunity, John D. Rockefeller should be forced to “show cause”
+why he should no longer be allowed to pursue his taciturn, undisputed
+spoliations. Frank B. Kellog, champion “trust-buster” has charge of the
+investigations which thus far have presented something the appearance
+of opera bouffe. The figures juggled with are so enormous, and the
+“forgetfulness” of Rockefeller, Archbold and other testifiers such
+conspicuous examples of humorous insolence, that the public mind is
+unprepared to hope for a satisfactory outcome to the investigation.
+The present administration has but a couple of months more in which to
+make its denunciations against the Standard Oil effective, after years
+of apparently righteous wrath and no one is greatly to be blamed for
+adopting a cynical attitude as to the expected result.</p>
+
+<hr class="tb" />
+
+<p>It <i>has</i> been a bad year, this closing 1908, for the Tobacco folk.
+The victory of the tobacco growers of the Burley district of Kentucky early
+in December over the American Tobacco Company proves what a determined
+stand may accomplish on the part of the producer, without entering the
+Courts at all. It is safe to say that this Christmas will have been one
+of the happiest ever spent by the farmers of Kentucky, among whom some
+$20,000,000 will be circulating for tobacco grown and held over, some
+of it, for nearly two years. It will make for a peace and good-will in
+very truth, for the “night-riding” is considered at an end.</p>
+
+<hr class="tb" />
+
+<p>Capitulation to the tobacco growers of a limited section, however,
+is the least of the American Tobacco Company’s troubles just now,
+it having been declared, in suit brought by the government for its
+dissolution, to be a “combination in restraint of trade” which is
+amenable to the provisions of the Sherman Act of July 2, 1890. Appeal
+from this decision is being taken to the Supreme Court and upon the
+result of this “last resort” will hinge all that is vital in reference
+to the ability of the government to control the various kinds of
+industrial combinations engaged in inter-state traffic.</p>
+
+<p>Judge Lacombe, in voicing the majority opinion of his Court,
+observes that: “By insensible degrees, under the operation of many
+causes, business, manufacturing and trading alike, has more and more
+developed a tendency towards larger aggregations of capital and more
+extensive combinations of individual enterprise. It is contended
+that, under existing conditions, in that way only can production be
+increased and cheapened, stability in reasonable prices secured and
+industrial progress assured. But every aggregation of individuals
+or of corporations, formerly independent, immediately upon its
+formation terminates an existing competition; whether or not some
+other competition may subsequently arise. The Act, as above construed,
+prohibits every contract or combination in restraint of competition.
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_38" id="Page_38">[Pg 38]</a></span>
+What benefits have come from this combination, or from others
+complained of, it is not material to inquire, nor need subsequent
+business methods be considered, nor the effects on production or prices.”</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter">
+    <img src="images/i_038.jpg" alt="" width="600" height="472" />
+   <div class="blockquot">
+    <p class="author space-below3">Washington <i>Herald</i></p>
+  </div>
+</div>
+
+<p>Judge Noyes, who agreed with Judge Lacombe, says, in addition: “It
+is of much importance to many people at the present time whether the
+defendants have entered into an unlawful combination. It is OF THE MOST
+MOMENTOUS IMPORTANCE TO ALL THE PEOPLE FOR ALL THE TIME WHETHER THE
+NATIONAL GOVERNMENT HAS POWER TO REACH INDUSTRIAL COMBINATIONS DEALING
+ACROSS STATE LINES.”</p>
+
+<p>In his dissenting opinion, Judge Ward took the position that the
+purposes of the defendants “should not be made to depend upon
+occasional illegal or oppressive acts, but must be collected on their
+conduct as a whole.” That they strove “to increase their business and
+that their great success is a natural growth resulting from industry,
+intelligence and economy, doubtless largely helped by the volume of
+business and the great capital at command.”</p>
+
+<p>What view will the Supreme Court take? That “restraint of trade” <i>is</i>
+“restraint of trade” or that that it is <i>not</i> “restraint of trade”
+if only a few laws are broken, only a few competitors hurt and if
+defendants are not suffering for want of money?
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_39" id="Page_39">[Pg 39]</a></span></p>
+
+<h3>Haytian Revolution</h3>
+
+<p>Amid a fanfare of banjos, a rattling of “de bones” and the patting
+of the Juba, General Simon entered the Presidential Palace at
+Port-au-Prince, capitol and chief city of Hayti, early in December,
+thus triumphantly concluding a decisive rebellion during which Nord
+Alexis, recent dictator, was forced to flee for refuge to a French
+vessel. Simon’s election to the Presidency by the National Assembly
+will follow, as a matter of mere detail, providing neither General
+Firman, General Fouchard nor other “General” of opposing armies which
+contain no privates at all, pulls off another revolution before
+breakfast. This is a fearsome possibility, though, inasmuch as the
+countries to which these heroes may be induced to repair as ministers
+are limited; and the aspirants for the dictatorship are unlimited;
+besides, there may be a crop of the deposed ministers wending their way
+homeward to hatch up more plots—and how may all be pacified? Moreover,
+it had been six long, weary years since Hayti had any revolution to
+speak of and the appetite of the Black Republic for such diversions is
+not easily appeased. Serpent worship may pall and the charm of Voodoo
+rites wax monotonous. A chance to burn and pillage now and then helps
+amazingly to relieve the dulness of the island.</p>
+
+<p>Hayti continues an object lesson in the progress that civilization
+makes when left to the care of the brother in black. It is a chunk of
+“Darkest Africa” left festering on the seas. The conditions there being
+so terrible, even in non-revolutionary periods, there are almost no
+white residents whose presence, in larger numbers, would force other
+governments to a summary clean-up of the nauseous spot. U. S. cruiser
+Tacoma has been dispatched to St. Marc and Gonaives to extend
+protection to those who may be in distress and to quell further
+threatened rioting.</p>
+
+<h3>The Virginia Decision</h3>
+
+<p>How far practice had departed from the equitable principle that all
+remedy in the State Courts must be exhausted before complainants might
+appeal their case to the United States Courts, is emphasized by the
+impression amounting almost to a sensation, produced by the decision,
+on November 30th last by the Supreme Court covering the Virginia
+railway rate case, wherein an injunction had first been obtained by the
+corporation from a lower Federal Court, preventing the enforcement of
+the two-cent rate prescribed by the Railway Commission of the State.
+This restraining order was passed May 14, 1907, and the effect thereof
+was to prevent the exercise of the Railway Commission’s legitimate
+control over the passenger traffic of their State until now. The rebuke
+to Federal Judge Pritchard, who granted the injunction, in the reversal
+of his findings in favor of the railroad comes from a source which
+the American people have desired to esteem as their highest source of
+justice, and will have admirable effect. Not only will it do much to
+allay the irritation and the distrust which has been growing for many
+years against this tribunal, but it will have most salutary effect
+upon insolent Federal Judges and ruthless corporations. The injunction
+has been their sword and buckler. Ignoring the State Courts, they have
+rushed to obtain injunctions against the enforcement of any measure
+they happened to dislike. Armed with the premature mandate of a Federal
+officer, they have defied public opinion and the sovereign authority
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_40" id="Page_40">[Pg 40]</a></span>
+which created and nurtured them. A firm check on the abuse of the
+injunction, had become a crying necessity, if the public were to
+respect wise injunctions and uphold the law.</p>
+
+<p>The decision has been hailed with what could honestly be called
+“pleased surprise”—so many disappointments had led to the belief that
+corporate interests were obliged to triumph. Wide-spread approval
+has been accorded the ruling. In a few instances criticism has been
+proffered, to the effect that the points over which the case originally
+occurred are unsolved and that the question of railroad regulation is
+as misty as before. These are matters, however, which do not touch the
+principle of State’s redress first, which was universal before the
+misconstruction of the 14th Amendment made possible such usurpation of
+authority as the one for which Judge Pritchard has been called down.</p>
+
+<hr class="tb" />
+
+<p>Other interesting court decisions have taken place within a short
+period. The New Jersey Court of Appeals, for instance, has considered
+a knotty problem relative to its collateral inheritance law. Philo
+Miles, a British subject, died in London, leaving a considerable amount
+of stock in a New Jersey corporation and the lower courts held that
+the tax could be levied upon same. The Appellate Court negatived this
+conclusion on the ground that personal property which includes stocks
+and bonds must follow the situs of the owner and be taxed “there and
+there only.” They held that if every State could levy an inheritance
+tax upon the full estate of the deceased, his personal property being
+returned in the inventory of the executor or administrator, the estate
+of the deceased could be taxed as often as there were States in which
+he chanced to have personal property at the time of his death. This
+would, of course, be inconceivable.</p>
+
+<p>It would be helpful to know just how England, which has a National
+and effective inheritance tax, will manage with the property held in
+New Jersey by the late Mr. Miles. Much of the wealth of her citizens
+is represented by stocks in American corporations, mortgages upon
+American property and like personal effects. Possibly the heirs are
+more scrupulous in returning such property for taxation than are our
+own rich men, who think no wrong of sending out of the State all
+personalty for long enough to swear tax statements that are true in the
+letter, but utterly false in fact. To evade municipal taxation, they
+do not hesitate to take their securities outside the corporate limits
+for a day or so. The owner of a home or farm may not escape bearing
+the burdens of government, but those who derive annual fortunes from
+dividends upon “personal property” go scatheless.</p>
+
+<p>A national inheritance tax, with stringent provisions to enforce it,
+would go a long way toward evening things up.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter">
+    <img src="images/i_041.jpg" alt="" width="600" height="473" />
+   <div class="blockquot">
+    <p class="f120">A SOCIAL CALL</p>
+    <p class="author space-below3"><i>New York World</i></p>
+  </div>
+</div>
+
+<h3>“Holland Making Faces.”</h3>
+
+<div class="figleft">
+    <img src="images/i_042.jpg" alt="" width="200" height="298" />
+    <p class="center">TOO CLOSE FOR COMFORT</p>
+    <p class="center">The hand of the law will<br /> get old John D. himself yet.</p>
+    <p class="author">—Minneapolis Journal.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>Dainty and attractive are the naval maneuvers indulged in by the little
+Queen of Holland against the Venezuelan government these days. If not
+to the entire satisfaction of The Hague, at least they will win her
+high plaudits from the Red Cross Society. For where was ever such
+consideration shown as has been displayed by this firm, feminine foe
+to the blustering South American President? That he has been perfectly
+horrid to her, all will admit. It is true that he has been entirely
+within his rights in that trans-shipment decree, for the regulation
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_41" id="Page_41">[Pg 41]</a></span>
+of the internal commerce of his own country is a prerogative which
+the most modest executive might safely claim; but it is likewise
+indisputable that it has seriously crippled the thrifty Dutch merchants
+of Curacoa; and, anyhow, Castro need not have been so overbearing
+about it, which was no way to handle a situation of that delicacy. He
+should have admitted that he was wrong, begged forgiveness and then,
+of course, <i>she</i> could have been no less magnanimous than to have told
+the sturdy burghers of Williamsted that they must cease to cry over the
+milk that somebody else had a right to spill; she would have outdone
+his courtesy by her sweetness and all would have been well. But some
+men even when Presidents, fail to understand that women are women, even
+when queens, and so he was uncouth when the situation simply begged
+for <i>noblesse oblige</i>. Nevertheless, when Castro fell ill, Wilhelmina
+deferred her vengeance until he had gone to consult European surgeons.
+No rattling of guns or clanking of sabres if the enemy had a headache;
+no furore that might disturb the quiet of his citadel.</p>
+
+<p>Now her fleet sails nattily over the Caribbean, to the vast interest of
+vice President Gomez, left in charge of Venezuela, and of the world at
+large. To coarse, husky individuals, this seems a strange proceeding,
+perhaps, but those cast in more delicate mold will realize that
+Wilhelmina kept the navy tied to her ample apron strings till now, lest
+the clatter of wooden sabots over the hard, white decks, might make
+Castro nervous.
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_42" id="Page_42">[Pg 42]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>Seriously, it seems that Holland is doing little more than making a
+demonstration the purpose of which is uncertain. After simmering so
+long, the trouble between the two countries could hardly cool off,
+with dignity to Holland, without revocation or modification of the
+shipping regulations, intervention by other powers or a goodly show
+of resentment. If Holland is saving her face by the latter means, who
+could be sorry? No one doubts the courage of her people, nor that
+they would be met by no mean resistance in attempting to shell the
+Venezuelan forts and brave blood should not be spilled in a cause that
+seems so entirely within the scope of arbitration.</p>
+
+<h3>A Word About Sectarianism</h3>
+
+<p>That England in the present Century should be undergoing a hard-fought
+battle over the matter of religious control over her public schools
+proves the tenacity of sectarian clutch when Church and State join
+hands in bonds of government. The new educational bill which has passed
+a second reading in the House of Commons is a compromise measure
+which embraces a Nonconformist concession to the church of what is
+known as “the right of entry” which permits parents or guardians to
+request denominational instruction for their children during certain
+hours—teachers being expected to volunteer for this service. On its
+side, the church relinquishes control of the schools and the abolition
+of all religious tests for the teachers. The British public is still
+stolidly Episcopalian and that Church yields slowly any of its
+prerogatives. The bill, if enacted into law, will therefore not make in
+years any appreciable change in the practical status of the schools,
+but will enable those objecting to enforced religious teachings to have
+their sentiment respected. The use of public funds for denominational
+instruction is without doubt one of the most vicious forms of
+intellectual slavery to which any people may be forced to submit.</p>
+
+<hr class="tb" />
+
+<p>Yet this very slavery is openly advocated for America today by Cardinal
+Gibbons, of the Roman Catholic Church, who desires the public schools
+to be wholly denominational and supported by the government. Small
+wonder, then, that Mr. Roosevelt’s characterization as “bigotry” the
+refusal of anyone to vote for a Roman Catholic for the presidency has
+met with profound disapproval. Nowhere did he strike a “popular note”
+and protests have been dignified, but severe. In the selection of
+his creed, the citizen has been given unhampered choice, but in the
+restriction of those eligible to the high office of Chief Executive,
+the people will continue to consider the preservation of their
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_43" id="Page_43">[Pg 43]</a></span>
+institutions of paramount importance. To democracy everywhere, and
+in all the ages, the Roman Church, as an organization, has been the
+consistent foe. Centralization of authority in the hands of puppet
+monarchs under its control is its undeviating aim. No man who can
+submit himself to the domination of a priesthood, and all that it
+means, could be a safe president of a free republic.</p>
+
+<p>In candidacy for any office, a man must expect the opposition to make
+capital even out of his religious affiliations, and it is true a few
+silly Protestant preachers tried to do this in the case of Mr. Taft,
+a Unitarian, but that the general mass of people gave his faith any
+adverse thought is ridiculous. The Protestant vote divides along
+political lines just as do those voters of no creed at all.</p>
+
+<h3>The Postal Deficit and Express Company Surplus</h3>
+
+<p>After a 200 per cent stock dividend declared by one express company
+shortly ago and a surplus of some $30,000,000 in another, the
+announcement of a 90 per cent increase in certain express rates will be
+hailed with much joy. There seems to be a cheerful disposition on the
+part of these corporations to treat the public to the Roosevelt-Straus
+remedy for all monopolistic evil—publicity. At least, they are candid
+and without blush over their unconscionable extortions so, obviously,
+the admission that they have oppressed the public by unjust rates, and
+intend still greater encroachments, ought to be sufficient to quell the
+evil at once. Publicity, forsooth! So long as no actual infraction of
+any law is involved, why may not a monopoly increase its schedules to
+“all the traffic will bear?”</p>
+
+<p>The only good publicity in this instance may do is to stimulate a
+dilatory and debilitated Congress to pass the Parcel Post enactment
+recommended by Roosevelt and urged by Postmaster-General Meyer. Since
+the express companies can annually “cut a melon” of enormous dividends;
+and since the postal deficit for the fiscal year has reached the sum of
+$16,910,000 it becomes probable that the long despised and antagonized
+parcels post will loom up as perhaps the most practicable means of
+helping the government out of the ditch.</p>
+
+<p>How very curious it is that all the “wild ideas” of the Pops come, one
+by one, to be recognized as instances of wonderful foresight. If the
+parcels post is going to be a good thing for the government, and an
+invaluable thing for the common people in the future, it is pertinent
+to ponder on how much ahead the department might be at the present
+date, if the system had been adopted years ago. Instead of a deficit,
+there might have been a neat balance, or a possible surplus, for Mr.
+Meyer to offer as a result of the operations of the last fiscal year.
+Of course, the franking privilege has been grossly misused for the
+circulation of partisan literature favorable to the administration
+which got the spoils of office; and the railroads clean up their pile
+on the job of hauling the mails, but all these things but go to show
+that the postal department, instead of being an argument against the
+government taking over public utilities, is the strongest kind of an
+argument in favor of so doing. If the government owned the railroads,
+one avenue of dead loss would be closed; and likewise the elimination
+of railroad rings from control of the administration would remove the
+incentive to flood the mail with literature in the interests of such
+corporations and other monopolies.
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_44" id="Page_44">[Pg 44]</a></span></p>
+
+<hr class="chap" />
+<div class="chapter"><p class="f150"><b>THE BELLS</b></p></div>
+
+<div class="figleft">
+    <img src="images/i_044.jpg" alt="" width="150" height="587" />
+</div>
+
+<div class="poetry-container"><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i6">THE OLD YEAR BELLS.</span>
+<span class="i0">Through the darkness, stealing, stealing,</span>
+<span class="i2">Comes their cadence, soft and low,</span>
+<span class="i0">While their music, pealing, pealing,</span>
+<span class="i2">Falls in sadness on the snow;</span>
+<span class="i0">Bid thee think of tasks neglected,</span>
+<span class="i2">Tell thee of the work undone,</span>
+<span class="i0">Of the hopes that have been shattered,</span>
+<span class="i2">E’er the year its course had run.</span>
+<span class="i0">Hear the bells! their voices saying:—</span>
+<span class="i2">“Of thy hopes keep but the best</span>
+<span class="i0">With the falling of our voices,</span>
+<span class="i2">Sinks the Old Year to its rest.”</span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i6">THE NEW YEAR BELLS.</span>
+<span class="i0">Through the darkness ringing, ringing,</span>
+<span class="i2">Come their voices bright and glad—</span>
+<span class="i0">With their music bringing, bringing,</span>
+<span class="i2">Thoughts that bid us ne’er be sad—</span>
+<span class="i0">Bid us turn from thoughts of sadness,</span>
+<span class="i2">For our dead hopes cease to sorrow;</span>
+<span class="i0">Tell us of the dawn of gladness,</span>
+<span class="i2">Hopes that brighten on the morrow.</span>
+<span class="i0">Hear the bells! their voices saying:—</span>
+<span class="i2">“Now the Old Year’s sunk to rest</span>
+<span class="i0">With the pealing of our voices</span>
+<span class="i2">Dawns the New Year,—that is best.”</span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i18">Zarion E. Weigle.</span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<hr class="chap" />
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_45" id="Page_45">[Pg 45]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="chapter">
+   <div class="figcenter">
+       <img src="images/i_045.jpg" alt="" width="600" height="362" />
+   </div>
+<h2 class="nobreak">The Pipe of Zaidee</h2></div>
+
+<p class="f120">BY FRANK E. ANDERSON</p>
+<hr class="r5" />
+
+<p>“Mr. Lomax, seek your evening’s pleasure with me—”</p>
+
+<p>At this unexpected sentence in English, addressed to him by name in
+Constantinople. Page Lomax wheeled sharply from the railing over which
+he had been watching the shadows of silver minarets dissolve like
+Cleopatra’s pearl in the Golden Horn, now amber as Rhine wine beneath
+the dying sun. By his elbow stood a Turk, whose snowy turban capped
+bold features from which only one eye glittered. A sabre scar, which
+ran across the man’s cheek until it lost itself in his flowing beard,
+accounted for the absence of the other. The fellow was of middle
+stature, but powerfully made. A loose caftan hanging from his broad
+shoulders framed within its folds of vermilion the white linen swathing
+his chest and the orange sash—whence the arabesqued head of a stiletto
+scolded at its neighbor, a Mussulman rosary of russet beads—and the
+green trousers of zouave cut stretching to his saffron half-boots. He
+extended a card, on which Page Lomax read:</p>
+
+<p class="center space-above1 space-below1">THE BRISTOL<br />Boulevard des Petit Champs,<br />
+PERA.<br />Hosein Aga, Chief Dragoman.</p>
+
+<p>“My hotel!” Mr. Lomax commented. “I reckon you’re all right.”</p>
+
+<p>So Mohammedan and Christian strode off together across the Sultana
+Bridge, of which the uneven timbers were creaking with each undulation
+of its ever-plashing pontoons. Except themselves, no living thing was
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_46" id="Page_46">[Pg 46]</a></span>
+on it other than gaunt dogs, which flashed snarling tusks at them as
+they groped through the gathering twilight. Near the shore Hosein
+whistled. Forthwith his negro bond-servant, Nakir, met them and bore a
+torch before them to the Theatre Osmaniyeh, where actresses from Paris
+were already in their final pirouettes. An infinite sadness possessed
+Page Lomax, as he beheld these daughters of Europe dancing before the
+sons of Asia, but his dragoman muttered:</p>
+
+<p>“I brought you not hither to witness the antics of those painted
+harlots. My slave, Zaidee, will follow them.”</p>
+
+<p>While Hosein was speaking, Nakir set on the stage a wicker basket,
+whence a brown and yellow cobra de capello wriggled forth. Hissing with
+wrath, it sat up on its tail and spread its hood, embroidered with
+the spectacles of Buddha. On its slender girth each false scale was
+gleaming, as the creature coiled and, opening its savage mouth, bared
+those bent fangs of which a mere scratch bestows that rest where no
+dreams lift the tent-flap. Then Zaidee appeared. Timing her pace to the
+weird tune throbbing from the reed between her lips, she neared the
+viper, which launched itself viciously at her. But an invisible force
+halted the snake. Falling in with the rhythm of her flute, it wavered
+to and fro—a flame flickering in the wind—until the damsel stilled
+her strains, when it lay quiet, so tamed that she wound it as a girdle
+round her waist.</p>
+
+<p>“Her term of hire expires tonight,” quoth Hosein, “And I am about
+convoying her to my villa. Would you spend some time in the home of a
+Turk? Nakir, saddle Al Borak for Mr. Lomax.”</p>
+
+<p>Enveloped in a cloak but with no veiling yashmak, Zaidee was on her
+palfry when they joined her. As Hosein turned to his own stirrup, the
+girl shook her raven tresses at the newcomer and pointed at the gate,
+with a gesture, which said: “Leave us!” He might have done so, had he
+not intercepted the look which Nakir was bending on the maiden, as,
+with a devilish grin, which distorted his sooty visage, he tapped the
+whip at his belt. That was enough for Page Lomax. With generous folly,
+he bestrode his horse for the adventure. On their arrival at the house,
+Zaidee disappeared behind that ebony door, through which no male other
+than Hosein might pass even in his thoughts. Again the bold young man
+was foolhardy, for he gazed after her as one in a dream, from which,
+however, he was roused by Nakir, who was striding toward him with an
+executioner’s bow-string in his hand. But here Hosein interposed.</p>
+
+<p>“Put up your cord,” said he. “Mr. Lomax meant no offense. He is
+unfamiliar with our Eastern etiquette, that’s all. The Ethiop,” he
+continued, this time speaking to his guest, “shall guide you to your
+bed.”</p>
+
+<p>The young man had fallen into a fitful doze, when he heard the pipe
+of Zaidee, followed by the rattle of small pebbles against his
+casement. An instant later, Nakir growled out hoarse words, which the
+listener could not understand. But the sound of heavy blows, under
+which Zaidee’s voice leapt into shrieks, then fell to sobs, needed no
+knowledge of a foreign tongue to be understood. Page Lomax rushed to
+the window. Jerking it open, he leaned out, but he could discern no one
+and the unbroken stillness seemed deathly to his overwrought nerves.
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_47" id="Page_47">[Pg 47]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>To his great relief, Hosein’s maid floated in before them at breakfast
+the next morning. She came to dance, while they ate, as the raiment
+which she wore showed but too plainly to even the inexperienced eye
+of the American. From beneath a veil of fleecy gauze, which floated
+back freely instead of hiding her face (as is the custom with Moslem
+women), her loose locks rolled their midnight over her shoulders. Her
+bell-shaped sleeves had wrinkled back from bare uplifted arms, on which
+silver chains were throbbing in unison with the rising and falling of
+her white bust, caught in the snare of the ample V in her tight scarlet
+jacket. Below that, a third of her supple figure’s living satin blushed
+in full sight above the dark-green band, which clasped in place her
+divided skirt of pearly transparent stuff shimmering down thence to
+her naked round ankles. For a brief space the girl drooped her head
+and Page Lomax saw red shame feeding on her white cheek, while up from
+the dark depths of her mysterious eyes bitter tears were welling. But
+now hidden music swelled into a loud insistent fugue. With a faint
+sigh, almost a sob, Zaidee drifted forward as slowly and as softly as a
+summer cloud thro’ picture after picture of that old, old pantomime of
+the Orient, which illustrates the one text, true in every creed, “Male
+and female created He them.” With all his heart uncovered in his gaze,
+the young man hung on her every motion until, with a brusque finale,
+she snapped in twain the thread of wedded harmony and movement with the
+whirling gesture of one hand pointed toward the threshold. Her agonized
+glance searched his very brain. Her writhing lips syllabled the word,
+“Depart!” Then she vanished.</p>
+
+<p>To Hosein, this posturing to music was nothing new. With a strange and
+baffling smile, he had been scrutinizing Page Lomax, instead of Zaidee.
+Now he leaned toward him.</p>
+
+<p>“Were I to judge you by your looks,” quoth he, “I would swear that
+my Persian hussy has cast a spell upon you. Well, you shall hear her
+story. Seven years ago we had a Holy War. I chanced to be at Khorsabad,
+while our Circassian troops were there, uprooting from the garden
+of the faith those weeds, the Yezidees. As I was nearing a cabin,
+out strode one of our men. He was a strapping fellow, with big black
+whiskers, and so tall that he had knocked awry his bearskin shako as
+he forgot to stoop in coming forth. One hand held his sword, smoking
+with blood. The other gripped Zaidee. Flinging her in front of me,
+he roared: ‘Will you buy? She’s yours for thirty liras. But I warn
+you—she’s the serpent-tamer’s daughter.’ Before I could answer, she
+was clinging to my knees, screaming: ‘Oh! save me, save me from that
+dreadful butcher!’ Well—I brought her home; but she’s but an ingrate.
+These seven seasons have I labored to convert her to God and His
+Prophet Mohammed, but I can not wean her from the faith of Zoroaster.
+So this week I shall sell her at public auction, if I am bid a thousand
+mejedieh for her. She’s worth that, if she’s worth a piastre.”</p>
+
+<p>The last word had hardly left Hosein’s lip ere Page Lomax had whipped
+forth from his pocket his fountain-pen and traveler’s circular
+cheque-book and was writing rapidly. Through eyes narrowed to a
+contemptuous slit, the Turk watched his companion in silence, until the
+latter had laid the writing on his lap, when he said: “What’s this for?”
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_48" id="Page_48">[Pg 48]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>“The girl,” replied Page Lomax. “That’s the price you named. The
+Stamboul Branch of the Credit Lyonnaise will pay it to you in gold,
+when you present this to it.”</p>
+
+<p>“Your swift Western way of trafficking is indeed bewildering to a slow
+Turk,” rejoined Hosein, in honeyed tones, which barely hid a bitter
+sneer. “<i>We</i> would have smoked our narghiles and drank coffee and
+chaffered for a week, while as for you—<i>you</i> fire a cheque at one,
+hair-trigger fashion. Nakir.” Here he turned to the sullen African,
+“Get that cashed. The jade goes with the American hence. But, ere you
+leave, Mr. Lomax. I must show you the most beautiful scene on earth,
+so they say—Constantinople from a distance. And my own poor fields
+have somewhat of charm, too, about them, I believe. Let me guide you
+through them. You shall witness things, which—being strange—perchance
+may thrill you as familiar sights can not. Nay, Nakir, there is no
+haste about the cheque. Tomorrow will do. Get you now to the harem and
+prepare Zaidee for her departure. Come, Mr. Lomax, we’ll fare forth.”</p>
+
+<p>At a pavilion, which was perched on the wrinkled lip of an abyss—a
+sheer thousand feet in depth—the Turk paused and, with sweeping
+gesture, brought to the notice of Page Lomax’s eye a range of lofty
+mountains, which kissed the horizon at their left.</p>
+
+<p>“There!” he exclaimed. “Are not those sublime? But they are deadly,
+too; for in them lurk huge spiders, as big as tigers and twice as
+fierce. You smile, as if in doubt. I do not blame you. It <i>is</i> hard to
+believe. But they are there. I am no zoologist, so I can not explain it,
+but I have been told that spiders came ages ahead of man on this earth,
+as their fossils are found in rock of the primary epoch, while we
+appear first with the quaternary. If this be so, perhaps these ogres
+are survivals of gigantic prehistoric spider forebears. But I don’t
+pretend to know anything about it, except that they are there. No
+hunter has ever tamed them; but I have caught and caged one. You shall
+see it, before you leave. Look now to the right.”</p>
+
+<p>Afar off, yet perfectly plain in every line, thanks to the limpid
+clearness of the air, lying in the arms of emerald meadows with her
+head pillowed on undulating hills crowned with cypresses as brunette
+as the Queen of Sheba, lay Constantinople, many-colored yet shimmering
+iridescently under the sapphire tent of heaven, while the Golden Horn
+poured the waters of the East at her pearly feet. So noble was the
+sight that Page Lomax’s gaze lingered long upon it ere, following
+the sky-line, it rested at last on a frowning stronghold, whence a
+road wound down to a wharf at which a skiff was moored. So grim and
+threatening was this heap of stone that the young man asked Hosein:</p>
+
+<p>“What is that old keep?”</p>
+
+<p>“That,” replied his host, “I have named the Tower of Vengeance. During
+the late Muscovite war, my brother, Selim, held it as an outpost. But
+the boy’s soldiers were too few, our supporting column too far away. At
+dawn one day, the Russians hurled a regiment against it, stormed it,
+butchered its garrison, fired it. I was too late to save the boy, but
+I headed the cavalry, which cut off retreat for his murderers. As I
+charged in, their Colonel quenched this eye for me, but in ten minutes
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_49" id="Page_49">[Pg 49]</a></span>
+he and all his followers were dead. Selim is buried there. Thither I
+repair each afternoon to lament and feed his grave.”</p>
+
+<p>“To feed his grave?” echoed Page Lomax, inquiringly.</p>
+
+<p>“Yes. In each believer’s tomb is bored a hole, through which he can
+hearken to the weeping of those who love him, and can receive food from
+them. The hour for my observance of that rite is nigh. Can you respect
+it? If so, you may accompany me thither.”</p>
+
+<p>As the two paused before the door of the keep, Page Lomax glanced
+through the lattice across the vault to the wall on the other
+side. Through this, a postern gate opened, close to which he saw a
+prism-shaped mound, ending at head and foot in two marble posts on
+which—each opposing the other—the angels, Nekir and Munkir, will
+sit, as they debate whether the soul of Selim shall arise to heaven or
+descend to hell. Roses decked the hillock. In an orifice at its head,
+a yellow apple and a purple fig awaited the dead man’s appetite. But
+why was this grave fenced in with stout steel bars, set close together;
+and why was it screened overhead with them? Before the Christian had
+time to consider this problem till he might solve it, Hosein threw back
+the outside bar, which held the door to, and, whirling it round on its
+well-oiled hinges, exclaimed:</p>
+
+<p>“To you, my guest, I yield first place. Enter!”</p>
+
+<p>But when Page Lomax was crossing the sill, he felt himself gripped in
+a grasp of iron. His feet were knocked from under him with a swift and
+dexterous trip, and he fell heavily to the floor. Ere he could stagger
+up, dazed as he was, clang went the portal. He was a prisoner, with
+Hosein glaring at him through the grating.</p>
+
+<p>“Pray to your Nazarene now and see if he can help you,” chuckled his
+jailer. “Not even Mohammed himself could help you now. I vowed to
+sacrifice a hecatomb of unbelievers to my brother. Ninety and nine have
+already tapped at his tomb. You will make the hundredth victim.”</p>
+
+<p>The young man was a sinewy six-footer, robust and brave; but the boding
+indefiniteness of this threat so overwhelmed him that his fair hair
+bristled up and his blue eyes dilated to black, then faded to gray. He
+circled the dungeon, frantically seeking an exit, which yet he knew
+he would not find. Cursing himself for all sorts of a fool, because
+he had not taken his pistol with him, when he left the hotel, he ran
+to a corner, where something, which looked like a heaped-up pile of
+slender white sticks, was faintly gleaming beneath the dim light coming
+from above. But, when he saw that they were not sticks but bones, he
+staggered back, almost screaming, and made for the door, which he
+reached just in time to be knocked down by a body, which Hosein and
+Nakir were pitching in. It was Zaidee. Springing up, she wailed forth:</p>
+
+<p>“Oh! why did you not heed my warnings? Did I not sign to you to depart
+in the courtyard, and again under your window and still once more, as I
+was dancing? Now we are lost, both of us. Look up there!”</p>
+
+<p>Far above, an octagon of lustrous woof and warp was oscillating slowly.
+In it, something vast and dark was cradled.</p>
+
+<p>“My God! It’s Hosein’s spider!” gasped the young man.</p>
+
+<p>And now across her web the tigress of the air shot her curved and
+toothed claws and buff-colored grappling-hooks and dull-red jaws and
+six of her eight powerful black legs, covered with down and splotched
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_50" id="Page_50">[Pg 50]</a></span>
+with stiff tufts. Up-rearing her round head and thorax and baring thus
+the rich and flexible dark-green fur, as soft as velvet, which clothed
+her abdomen, she bent at her wasp-like waist and, balancing on the
+verge, fastened her eight eyes—great immovable trance-producing lenses
+of terrible crystal—with a gloating stare, full on Hosein’s captives,
+huddled together there below her. And now she swung out. Swaying just
+beneath her hammock, she whetted one of her scythes against the other.
+But, as with horror-stricken gaze, fixed on this monstrous thing, he
+and she waited for that to come from which there was no escape, a
+sudden inspiration possessed the damsel.</p>
+
+<p>“Steal along the wall,” she cried to Page Lomax, “And leap from behind
+her upon her back at the same instant when I spring thither from in front.”</p>
+
+<p>“But—”</p>
+
+<p>“No buts about it, Fool! Do you want to be eaten alive? Go!”</p>
+
+<p>As he obeyed, the maid plucked from her bodice the pipe of charm and
+began breathing from it the melody with which she had quelled the
+wrath of the cobra de capello. At its first tremulous notes, the grim
+executioner of the ninety and nine hesitated—stopped reeling out her
+cord—no longer was opening and closing her grappling-hooks—sheathed
+her dull-red jaws. One awful minute she hovered near, wriggling her
+eight great curving legs. Then, half asleep under the spell of those
+drowsily sweet sounds, she lowered herself to earth and spread herself
+out for slumber. Without ceasing to play, Zaidee inched forward. Close
+enough now, she sprang upon the immense spider. That same instant, Page
+Lomax was by her side.</p>
+
+<p>“Lie down!” she screamed, suiting her own action to her advice to him.
+“Press your toes against the ridge of horn, back of her head! Seize
+that other, yonder, stretching across, just this side her spinneret,
+and hold on—do you hear?—hold on with all your might? She’s going to
+rise and she’ll toss us off, if she can!”</p>
+
+<p>Even now the great creature was hauling in her cable. Up she darted
+violently. Whirling round and round, she threshed the air furiously
+with her legs. Finding out that she could not thus throw off her
+burden, she reared herself aloft into her web. With frenzied rage,
+she gripped the edges of her house and shook it with all her immense
+strength, until it shot back and forth with dizzying speed, at times
+almost perpendicular to its axis. But, with the desperate power of
+despair, her riders clung to her, until, tiring from her fruitless
+efforts to dislodge them, the spider became quiet. Gradually the silken
+orb slackened from its semi-vertical position to its normal horizontal.
+Its whirring lapsed into silence, as it slowly became still. Except
+for a horrible quivering, which was going on under the translucent
+shell of horn on which the two were lying, the huge spinner was at last
+crouching motionless. They sat up cautiously and looked around them.
+No roof hemmed them in. But, in order to keep his monster from fleeing
+to her native hills, Hosein had inserted one beam running from East to
+West, with three others above it contrariwise from North to South.</p>
+
+<p>“Play again, Zaidee,” said the young man. “It’s my time now to work.”
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_51" id="Page_51">[Pg 51]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>As the girl’s lulling music once more soothed the spider, he set about
+digging out with his pocketknife that part of the nearest upper rafter,
+which had rotted at the wall. Soon he could slide this end out. Tugging
+the beam across the main girder, he heaved the extricated timber
+athwart the coping of the tower, whence, plunging down, it smote Hosein
+to the earth, at the same time striking Nakir, too, and felling him
+also. A screech of anguish burst from the Turk. Unable to rise unaided,
+he seized the honeysuckle, which was clambering aloft on the masonry,
+and dragged himself up, only to drop again with a frightful groan, as
+his back was broken. Two of the eunuch’s ribs had been fractured, too,
+but, as his master groaned that awful groan, he hastened to him and,
+lifting his head, wiped the bloody froth from Hosein’s lips. The Turk’s
+eyes, of which nothing except the whites had been showing, now rolled
+down and fixed their failing glance on the faithful slave.</p>
+
+<p>“Bury me by Selim’s side, Nakir,” he whispered, “And—and don’t let the
+Giaour and his jade escape.”</p>
+
+<p>His eyes rolled back again—he shivered—there was a deep sigh—then
+the jaw fell.</p>
+
+<p>“Something’s hurt down there,” cried Page Lomax exultingly. “I only
+hope it’s Hosein or his nigger. As wishes cost nothing, I wish it were
+both. Here goes for beam number two!”</p>
+
+<p>In a crevice in the wall, just over the end of the second rafter of the
+upper three, the wind had lodged a seed one day and from it a sturdy
+little pine had sprung up. Hunting for food, it had thrust down the
+hungry fibres of its roots to feed upon the mortar. It had been nodding
+good cheer to the young man, as the breezes played leap-frog with
+it, and he hated to hurt it, but he had to. Grasping it, he wrenched
+it from its lodging-house. Its roots could not bear to bid adieu to
+being. They clung so closely to the rough ashlar round which they had
+twined that the stone was twisted out with them and crashed to the
+tiles below, leaving the second beam free at this end, so that Page
+Lomax could send it after the first one.</p>
+
+<p>The third rafter of the upper three was fat with turpentine. Scratching
+a match, the young man held it under the oiliest streak, until a feeble
+blaze stole up. Waxing lustier, it parted with sparkling fingers its
+blue veil of smoke that it might the better gnaw through the bar on
+which it was at work. When the beam had nearly burned in two, Page
+Lomax shoved it upward. It broke. In a twinkling, it had gone outside
+to join the others.</p>
+
+<p>“Now, Zaidee,” he cried, as he cast himself face downward on the great
+spider’s back, “Throw yourself here beside me. Rest your toes against
+that same little ledge back of her head. Grip the other as you did
+before. She’ll bounce over that wall, in the next ten seconds. When she
+hits the ground and settles down on her hind-legs, jump, jump for your
+life, and run for the boat with me.”</p>
+
+<p>Mad with the exhilaration of approaching liberty, the huge creature
+dived out over her prison wall, alighting noiselessly and without a
+jar. Giving no heed to Page Lomax and Zaidee, as they fled, she raced
+like the wind along her shortest line of approach toward Nakir. He was
+too far from Hosein’s home ever to reach it, with her in pursuit. She
+was between him and the summer-house. The tower alone remained. Rushing
+to it, he threw the bar, tore the door open and, plunging headlong
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_52" id="Page_52">[Pg 52]</a></span>
+through it, whirled it to. It had no fastenings on the inner side. As
+it swung outward, he must keep it closed in some way or be devoured.
+Flinging himself down, he dug his nails between its stout oak
+transverse and its upright panels and bore on with all his weight. The
+spider tapped once or twice on the door. It still remaining closed, she
+squatted down before it. After a few seconds, during which she seemed
+to be studying, her terrible eyes dwelt at last on the crack between
+the door and the doorstep. In a trice, she reached her claws through
+and sank them into the door on the inner side. In spite of
+Nakir’s frantic struggling, she fetched it round. With her fierce
+grappling-hooks, she pounced upon him. Bellowing with mingled fear
+and pain, he struck at her with his dagger, but she fell back on her
+haunches, haling him to her. Her grappling-hooks raised him close to
+her red jaws. A sudden flash of savage color—and the blades of those
+jaws sprang apart—another—as they snapped together—a blood-curdling
+scream—a sickening gush of blood—then silence. Hosein’s spider had
+sacrificed her hundredth man.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter">
+    <img src="images/i_052.jpg" alt="" width="500" height="459" />
+</div>
+
+<hr class="chap" />
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_53" id="Page_53">[Pg 53]</a></span></p>
+<div class="chapter"><h2 class="non-vis nobreak">EDUCATIONAL DEPARTMENT.</h2></div>
+<div class="figcenter">
+    <img src="images/i_053.jpg" alt="" width="600" height="161" />
+</div>
+
+<p class="author">Gail, Texas, July 15th, 1908.</p>
+
+<p class="no-indent">Dear Sir:</p>
+<p>Enclosed find $1.00 for which send to my address both publications
+Weekly and Monthly for six months, after which I think I can send you
+some subscribers. It was an oversight in not sending it in before now.
+In a little discussion some time back some one spoke of there being no
+private titles to land in England, and several asked me to write and
+ask you in regard to the matter.</p>
+
+<p>I saw enough in your last Magazine to convince me, but would like to
+have you write a piece on the subject.</p>
+
+<p class="author">Yours respectfully,<span class="ws5">&nbsp;</span><br />THOMAS O. EDWARDS.</p>
+
+<p class="center">(Answer.)</p>
+
+<p>The system of Land Ownership in this country was derived from England.
+Excepting crown lands, all real estate in Great Britain is held by
+private titles. Even entailed estates may be bought and sold but the
+procedure is cumbersome and costly. Stating the case broadly, no poor
+man can buy land in England, without the aid of the Government.</p>
+
+<p>In Ireland the huge estates of the nobles are being purchased by the
+Government and parcelled out among the people, who buy the land from
+the Government, on long time with low interest.</p>
+
+<hr class="tb" />
+
+<p class="author">Loganville, Ga., Nov. 9, 1908.<br />
+Hon. Thos. E. Watson,<br />Thomson, Ga.</p>
+
+<p class="no-indent">Dear Sir:</p>
+
+<p>Please answer the following questions in the Jeffersonian or Magazine
+or both: Has the Democratic party, at any one time since the Civil War,
+been in full control of the National Government? If so please give
+proof, not that I wouldn’t believe you in every particular, but I want
+to prove it to some “hot headed democrats” who don’t want to believe
+you; also please give the time in which they were in control.</p>
+
+<p>Hoping for an immediate reply, I am,</p>
+
+<p class="author">Yours for the cause,<span class="ws5">&nbsp;</span><br />W. G. STANLEY.</p>
+
+<p>Answer:—In 1892, Cleveland was elected President as a Democrat, and
+the Democrats had a majority both in the Senate and in the House during
+Cleveland’s term of four years, 1892 to 1896.</p>
+
+<p>The official records prove this, and no truthful Democrat who is posted
+will dispute the fact. Suppose you refer the skeptics to Senators A. O.
+Bacon and A. S. Clay.—T. E. W.</p>
+
+<hr class="tb" />
+
+<p><b>QUESTION:</b> Why is it that the whole world presents the same
+general picture of unrest, hard times, business depression, and
+unemployed labor?</p>
+
+<p><b>Answer</b>: The Kings of High Finance have chained the whole
+world with the gold standard, the effect of which is to contract the
+currency. A contraction of the currency is invariably followed by the
+same results, to wit—the ruin of the debtor class, the curtailment of
+business, the suspension of work, and the creation of an army of the
+unemployed.</p>
+
+<p>For three thousand years prior to the discovery of gold in California
+(1856) both gold and silver had been in use, over the world, as money
+metals. Now, however, gold alone is the standard of value, and the
+money of final payment.
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_54" id="Page_54">[Pg 54]</a></span></p>
+
+<hr class="tb" />
+
+<p><b>QUESTION:</b> Why were gold and silver selected as the money metals?</p>
+
+<p><b>Answer:</b> <b>BECAUSE THEY ARE SCARCE</b>. By confining money to these
+two precious metals, it was believed by the financiers that the volume
+of real money would never get so large that they could not control it.
+<b>The limitation of money to these two scarce metals was a practical
+limitation to the supply.</b></p>
+
+<p>So matters stood throughout the world until the discovery of such vast
+quantities of gold in California frightened the financiers. They feared
+that so much gold would be added to the currency of the world that
+prices would go down, bonds would decrease in value, and that they, the
+financiers, would be unable to control the supply of real money.</p>
+
+<p>Consequently, they hired able writers, like Chevalier and MacLarren, <b>TO
+WRITE AGAINST GOLD</b>, in the same way that <b>THE MONEY KINGS HIRED DAVID A.
+WELLS AND EDWARD ATKINSON TO WRITE AGAINST SILVER</b>, more than a century
+later.</p>
+
+<p>Germany and Austria excluded gold from their mints (1857) and Belgium
+and Holland adopted the single silver standard.</p>
+
+<hr class="tb" />
+
+<p><b>QUESTION:</b> What checked the demonetization of gold?</p>
+
+<p>The discovery of the rich silver mines in Nevada, Colorado and other
+Western States. The financiers saw that there would soon be more silver
+than gold, and they went to work to have the scarcer metal made the
+standard of value, and the money of final payment.</p>
+
+<p><b>QUESTION:</b> What nation led the others in the demonetization of silver?</p>
+
+<p><b>Answer</b>: Great Britain. She is the nation to whom the people of
+all other countries owe most. In other words, the whole world is in
+debt to Great Britain.</p>
+
+<p>To make this debt harder to pay, Great Britain led the other nations in
+the world-wide war against Bi-metallism, which means the use of both
+gold and silver on equal terms.</p>
+
+<hr class="tb" />
+
+<p><b>QUESTION:</b> What is meant by “making the debt harder to pay?”</p>
+
+<p>A debt, contracted when the volume of currency is expanded by the use
+of both gold and silver as monetary metals on equal terms, becomes
+harder to pay when the currency is contracted to the use of but one
+of these metals. A bond, for instance, issued by the Government when
+the currency is expanded by the use of gold, silver and Greenbacks, is
+enormously more valuable after the Government has destroyed a thousand
+million dollars of the Greenbacks and has demonetized silver. Having
+to be paid <b>THEN</b> in gold, the bondholder gets money very much more
+valuable than the money he invested in the bond.</p>
+
+<p>Now Great Britain wanted the nations of the earth to pay the debts they
+owed her in money that was more valuable than the money she loaned.
+Hence, her war upon Bi-metallism.</p>
+
+<hr class="tb" />
+
+<p><b>QUESTION:</b> But why did other nations help Great Britain demonetize
+silver and establish the single gold standard?</p>
+
+<p><b>Answer</b>: Because these other nations were controlled by their
+High Finance rascals, who wanted to enhance the value of the claims
+which they held against their own Governments and peoples.</p>
+
+<p>In each of these other nations, were bondholders and money changers
+who wanted to make money scarce, so that they could control it,
+and so that the money paid them to satisfy their claims against the
+Government and the people would be more valuable than that which they
+had loaned.</p>
+
+<hr class="tb" />
+
+<p><b>QUESTION:</b> Is there any reason why the amount of metal in a
+dollar should be worth a dollar?</p>
+
+<p>None. Money is a man-made product, like a cartwheel. Nature does not
+produce dollars nor cartwheels. Nature supplies the raw materials, but
+man is the manufacturer who turns these raw materials into dollars and cartwheels.
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_55" id="Page_55">[Pg 55]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>Dollars are made for the purpose of effecting the exchange of one
+product for another. It is a tool of exchange.</p>
+
+<p>It enables Commerce to get along without the bartering of one commodity
+for another. In old times, a man who did not have a horse but wanted
+one, would get one in exchange for cows, of which he had more than he
+needed. There was inconvenience about this, because the man who had a
+horse that he was willing to swap for cows might not be easy to find.
+To get away from the cumbersome, unsatisfactory system of Barter, men
+agreed on something that should represent value in exchange. The
+substance agreed on, no matter what it was, became money.</p>
+
+<p>Therefore, money was made by man for the special purpose of carrying on
+Commerce, just as wheels are made to carry on carts, wagons, carriages
+and railroad cars.</p>
+
+<p>There is no more sense in claiming that the dollar—which is
+the wheel of Commerce—should be made out of a material of any
+particular value than there would be in claiming that a car wheel shall
+bear a certain proportion of value to the freight which is transported
+in the car.</p>
+
+<p>The dollar is a tool, in the same sense that a hoe is a tool.
+With one hoe, you may cultivate cotton worth fifty dollars; but that is
+no reason why the hoe should cost you fifty dollars.
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_56" id="Page_56">[Pg 56]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter">
+    <p class="f120">TWO HANDS</p>
+    <img src="images/i_055.jpg" alt="" width="600" height="478" />
+    <p class="center">One Controls the Wealth; The Other Produces It</p>
+</div>
+
+<hr class="chap" />
+<div class="chapter"><a name="MONEY" id="MONEY">&nbsp;</a>
+<h2 class="nobreak">Money Is King</h2></div>
+
+<p class="f120">BY WALTER EDEN</p>
+<hr class="r5" />
+
+<p>The mighty King is an exacting Tyrant. All things are dominated by
+money. It shapes the destinies of Nations. It rules trade and gives
+life or death to all enterprise, as it sees fit. In the hands of
+unscrupulous men it is the greatest known power for evil. Properly
+curbed and free from the manipulation of designing hands it may be made
+the greatest known power for good.</p>
+
+<p>The American people seek by law to control the trusts. They legislate
+to regulate Inter-state commerce and to punish rebating and unlawful
+restraint of trade. They give us tariff laws and levy Internal revenue
+taxes, to raise money with which to pay the expenses of government. Our
+country is quadrennially thrown into a spasm of political excitement to
+settle these and other great political questions.</p>
+
+<p>Standards of value are discussed, and any standard thus far proclaimed
+is shown to be unstable, fluctuating, wrongful and hurtful. Much has
+been made and lost in the past by reason of the fluctuation in the
+value of the standard of money, be it a single gold standard or a
+double standard. Government ownership is advocated by some as a panacea
+for all of our political ills. Currency, it is said, should be more
+elastic.</p>
+
+<p>Notwithstanding all the discussion and legislation of and concerning
+all these, and kindred questions, for more than a century, our body
+politic seems still to be sick, and like leprosy and the great white
+plague, no known remedy has been discovered for or applied to the
+patient.</p>
+
+<p>The wealth of the nation has been, and is now being, concentrated in
+the hands of a few. Individuals have been, and are now, accumulating
+such vast fortunes that our President has advocated a course that
+amounts to confiscation, as the only remedy for the evil.</p>
+
+<p>The money market can be so manipulated by a few men, that they are
+able, at pleasure, to make or unmake panics; to stagnate business; to
+appreciate or depreciate the value of stocks and bonds, and to cause
+untold suffering to the people. Innocent investors are carried from
+their feet by the maelstrom of speculation in money.</p>
+
+<p>No great enterprise, be it for the public good or not, can be
+accomplished without first obtaining the consent of a few men who
+control the money market. A few millions of actual investment in
+Railroad stock, it has been demonstrated, can be manipulated so as to
+control stacks of railroads amounting to over a billion dollars; when
+the maturing crop of the farmer is ready for the market, the volume of
+currency in circulation is not great enough to move the crop to market,
+and the men in power reap large profits out of the money furnished for
+this purpose. A panic follows and the farmer is made to suffer and
+either hold his grain or sell it on a declining market.
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_57" id="Page_57">[Pg 57]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>The control of this greatest of all powers on earth should be taken
+from the hands of the few and deposited where it belongs, viz., into
+the hands of the Government. When this shall have been done all the
+ills which flow from this source will be healed.</p>
+
+<p>It has been well said by the immortal Lincoln that this is a government
+of the people, by the people and for the people; and yet, we find that
+the place where there is the most need of governing the people for the
+greatest benefit of the whole people has been neglected.</p>
+
+<p>Money is the controlling factor of all human agencies. Regulate it, and
+a proper regulation of most great evils will naturally follow.</p>
+
+<p>Money is controlled by the banker, not because he owns all the money
+which he controls; but because the masses of the people deposit their
+money with him and thus he gains power over not only the little capital
+which he invests in the stock of the bank, but over the very large
+volume of deposits which his many customers leave with him.</p>
+
+<p>The great power of the banker is a power placed in his hands by the
+people. The money which really gives him power is not his own, but
+belongs to the depositor.</p>
+
+<p>If this great power were given by the people to our Government, it
+would be more impartially exerted, because the Government is the
+people. The people would thus be protected from loss of deposits
+by failing banks, absconding bankers and rascally bank officials.
+Combinations of the people’s money in the hands of a few men, to
+benefit the few men at the expense of the people would cease.</p>
+
+<p>When a condition exists that is a menace to the people, a condition
+that is being taken advantage of by certain individuals to the
+detriment of the great mass of people, it is the right and the duty of
+the Government to enact such laws as will eradicate the nuisance if it
+can be done.</p>
+
+<p>A banking scheme can be devised that will accomplish this beneficent
+purpose. Under it an elastic currency can be established, a
+non-fluctuating standard can be provided for, the tax gatherer can be
+made to disappear, panics cease, depositors will be protected and
+unlawful combinations in restraint of trade be a thing of the past.</p>
+
+<p>Put the Government into the banking business and the thing will be
+accomplished.</p>
+
+<p>It may be charged that the scheme is too radical. It may seem so, but
+nothing is too radical that is right. It will be a very great change
+from the present system, and will be opposed by all the force and power
+of organized wealth.</p>
+
+<p>It may be charged that it is not authorized by the constitution. If it
+is right, change the constitution. It won’t be the first time it has
+been changed. At one time the negro was a slave with no more rights
+under our constitution than an animal. Today, by reason of a change in
+our constitution, he has all the rights of citizenship and stands on an
+equality before the law with his white brother.</p>
+
+<p>Let the General Government, the State, the County and the municipality
+get together and go into the banking business. Does it not look too
+vast to be comprehended? Think about it a while, Mr. American Citizen.
+Don’t brush aside the idea without consideration, but if you are not
+interested in opposing the plan, and will give the matter a little
+thought, you will see the advantages of the proposed system.
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_58" id="Page_58">[Pg 58]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>Thomas W. Lawson was at one time opposing the present system; he laid
+bare many of the fraudulent and unlawful outrages perpetrated by it,
+which the system of Government bankers, if established, will be able
+to prevent. Take the present system, which he has so ably shown to be
+noxious, and transfer it from the hands of the individuals into the
+hands of the Government, and this great power, now exercised by the
+few, will be placed in the hands of the people, where it justly belongs.</p>
+
+<p>Give the General Government at Washington, under the supervision of
+the Treasury department of the United States, banking powers. Let
+it organize a central bank, with power to supervise and control all
+the lesser banks proposed to be organized by States, Counties, and
+municipalities. Provide by law for the opening of a bank in each state,
+under the control of the State, but to be tributary to the Central bank
+at Washington, each to be known as a United States Bank of Illinois, or
+the state in which the same is located.</p>
+
+<p>Provide also for tributary banks in each County, to be known as a
+United States Bank of the County in which the same is situated, with
+general banking power; it being optional, however, with each state
+to pass laws to avail itself of the banking privilege or not, as its
+legislative body may see fit; this option also to extend to each County.</p>
+
+<p>Make a provision that the Central bank at Washington shall receive
+deposits from County Banks and issue Government bonds for the amount
+of the deposit; the County Bank then to be empowered to issue notes,
+similar to the present National Bank Notes, to be used as a circulating
+currency among the people, to the extent of its Government bonds,
+depositing the bonds with the Central bank as a security.</p>
+
+<p>Give the County Bank general banking power, to receive deposits, draw
+exchange and loan money on real estate, chattel and personal security,
+under proper regulations.</p>
+
+<p>In Counties where the privilege of engaging in the banking business
+shall have been availed of, branch banks of the County Bank may be
+organized in such localities of the County as the County Bank may
+determine is necessary or expedient, with the same banking powers as
+the County Bank.</p>
+
+<p>Give to the County Banks and their branches, in addition to the
+general banking powers, power to execute Trusts, act as Executor,
+Administrator, Guardian and Conservator.</p>
+
+<p>Give to the County Bank, in addition to its regular issue of bank
+notes, power to issue, at any time the exigencies of the times may
+require, other bank notes, to an amount not exceeding a certain per
+cent of the assessed valuation of all real and personal property of
+the County, for the year such assessment was last made for taxation,
+upon payment to the General Government of such per centum on said
+circulating notes as will insure their prompt recall whenever the
+emergency which called for their issue shall have passed.</p>
+
+<p>Let the funds deposited with the Central Bank at Washington, by the
+various Counties, and for which Government Bonds shall issue, be
+loaned out by such Central Bank, at a reasonable rate of interest,
+sufficiently high to produce a profit, to enterprises of an inter-state
+character, such as railroads and other large borrowers; and let the
+same be invested in stocks and bonds of known stability in large
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_59" id="Page_59">[Pg 59]</a></span>
+amounts; thus furnishing a fund to be used in large enterprises,
+and relieving the promoters of such undertakings from being under
+the control of a few individual money lenders, and at the same time
+furnishing a source of profitable investment of the people’s money.</p>
+
+<p>The various state banks may be simply branches or departments of the
+Central Bank at Washington.</p>
+
+<p>Such State Banks may receive deposits from the various County Banks of
+any state as a medium of exchange, and the same may be loaned under
+the direction of the Central Bank, the same as the proceeds of sale of
+Government Bonds, but they shall be required to keep constantly on hand
+a certain per cent thereof, to be fixed by law, to pay exchange.</p>
+
+<p>The profit of the Central Bank shall be paid into the Treasury of the
+United States to defray the expenses of the Government so far as the
+same will apply.</p>
+
+<p>The profit of the State Banks, if there be any, shall be paid into
+the Treasury of the States respectively; and used to pay the current
+expenses of the State, as far as the same will apply.</p>
+
+<p>The profit of the various County Banks shall, after paying a certain
+per cent thereof, to be fixed by law, into the Treasury of the State in
+which such County is situate, be paid to the Treasurer of such County,
+to defray the expenses of the said County. And any sum so paid by any
+County into the State Treasury, to be deducted from the taxes levied in
+said County for State purposes.</p>
+
+<p>State Banks shall be only branches of the Central Bank and shall be a
+part of the same.</p>
+
+<p>County Banks shall be subject to examination and supervision by the
+Government of the United States.</p>
+
+<p>These observations may be crude, but certainly they are worthy of
+consideration. Is the general idea not worthy of attention?</p>
+
+<p>Perhaps much that has been suggested should be eliminated entirely;
+much probably should be changed; much more perhaps should be added.</p>
+
+<p>Time and trial of the system would bring to mind many good ideas.
+Consider it and see if a little thought given to the matter won’t make
+it look feasible and open up a much wider field for thought than merely
+the idea of a people’s bank.</p>
+
+<p>What are the possibilities of some such system? Not only what are the
+possibilities, but if you please, what are the probabilities as to the
+results that would follow such a system?</p>
+
+<p>It will settle the Trust Question because, it will take the control
+of money from the men who are interested in the Trusts, and thus
+enable competition to the Trusts to borrow money with which to go into
+business in opposition to them.</p>
+
+<p>It would hardly be possible, under present conditions, for a person
+or syndicate to sell bonds to supply the money with which to go into
+business in competition with the Standard Oil Company. The men who are
+in control of the money market would not dare to incur the ill will
+of such a powerful influence as that which is behind the Standard, by
+buying bonds of a rival concern. The men who are interested in such
+gigantic Trusts are the ones who control the money of the Country. So
+it is with competing lines of railroads. The men who now are in control
+of the through lines of railroad have too much influence over the money
+market to permit competing lines to be built.
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_60" id="Page_60">[Pg 60]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>Give to the Government banking power, with local County Banks, and the
+currency question will settle itself. The much talked of standard of
+value will become fixed. The currency will be made as elastic as the
+exigencies of the times shall demand.</p>
+
+<p>We will have not only gold and silver for a basis but as well all of
+the broad acres of fertile land, the mines, the grain, the horses,
+cattle, hogs and sheep, in fact everything that goes upon the
+assessor’s book will stand behind the dollar. For the County and the
+Government will guarantee it.</p>
+
+<p>It will be elastic because each particular locality will have the
+power to issue emergency currency to meet the immediate needs of the
+community. The County with all its property will stand behind it,
+and surely all of the land and property in the County will furnish a
+sufficient security to make good a sufficient volume of currency to get
+the product of farm, or mine or manufactory to the market.</p>
+
+<p>It will furnish a security to the depositor and thus keep the money
+which should be in circulation from being hoarded; for the man who
+has a little money will have no fear of depositing it. A banking law
+recently enacted in Oklahoma has been much praised because the state
+guarantees the deposits. How much better would be a law which provides
+that in return for the guarantee of the deposits the State shall take
+down the profits of the business. Is it right that the State should
+take all the risk of losses and not share in the profits?</p>
+
+<p>It will settle the much disputed Tariff Question, because the profits
+arising from the banking business will probably pay all the running
+expenses of the Government, and leave a balance besides.</p>
+
+<p>If this should prove to be true the Custom house can be abolished and
+there will be no necessity of levying tribute on imports.</p>
+
+<p>It will settle the question of Internal Revenue taxes, for the
+Government will need no longer to shock the tender sensibility of the
+Prohibitionist by levying tribute on the vile Demon to support itself.</p>
+
+<p>It may, eventually, lead to the Government ownership in such a gradual
+manner that it will not unsettle the business interests of the Country,
+for as the revenues produced from the profits of the banking business
+increase in excess of the expenses of Government, the same can be
+invested in bonds and stocks of the Public Utilities from time to time,
+until after a number of years they would naturally be absorbed by the
+Government.</p>
+
+<p>The local tax collector can be discharged and our direct tax on lands
+and chattels will cease, as the profit to each County will more than
+pay the expenses of the County, including State taxes.</p>
+
+<p>Examine the published and sworn statement of all the local banks in
+your County, and figure a reasonable rate of interest on the deposits
+alone, not including capital stock and other sources of revenue, and
+you will find a profit per annum of more than sufficient to defray the
+expenses of your County, including maintenance of schools and roads and
+bridges.</p>
+
+<p>This scheme may seem visionary at first, and not feasible, but think it
+over. Don’t dismiss the idea without a thought. Surely it is worth some
+consideration. Perhaps you may get some good idea from it.</p>
+
+<p>Bankers will dismiss the idea, of course, as not being worthy of
+consideration. Money lenders will oppose it. Large capitalists will
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_61" id="Page_61">[Pg 61]</a></span>
+treat it lightly. To the man, however, who is interested in Government
+of the people, by the people, for the people, free from any personal
+advantage, it will surely merit your consideration.</p>
+
+<p>Governments are formed to regulate society and to protect the weak
+against the strong. That was the prime object of Government. That which
+vitally affects the public is proper subject of legislation. If a wrong
+is being perpetrated it should be righted by law. The people have
+the right to expect this to be done. They have it in their power to
+regulate this greatest of all necessities, money.</p>
+
+<p>One hears a great deal said about the necessaries of life. We talk of
+raiment to clothe us, houses to shelter us, food to satisfy our hunger
+and fuel to keep us warm, as the necessaries of life, but none of these
+things can be counted as any more necessary than money, for before we
+can procure these things we must first have money. It is the first
+necessity of life. Is it not proper that it should be put under the
+control of our Government and its control taken out of the hands of the few?</p>
+
+<p>Let all the people control, by means of a proper Government, this first
+great necessity.</p>
+
+<p>People’s banks will protect the depositor and make his deposit secure.</p>
+
+<p>People’s banks will relieve the borrower from the money shark and
+usurer, as a fixed legal rate of interest only will be charged.</p>
+
+<p>Let us have people’s banks, and the power of money, which is now given
+by the millions of depositors in this Country to a few men, will be
+taken out of the hands of the few and returned to the people through
+their Government. Wall Street will be transferred to Washington.</p>
+
+<p>Let us have people’s banks and the investor will not be crushed to the
+wall by a panic, as they will be a thing of the past. Investments will
+be more stable and more secure.</p>
+
+<p>The standard of value will be fixed for all time, tariff laws will need
+no amending and changing from time to time, and cause restlessness and
+uneasiness in the public mind, and every man will have an even chance
+with every other man in his race for a livelihood.</p>
+
+<hr class="chap" />
+<div class="chapter"><a name="DWELLER" id="DWELLER">&nbsp;</a>
+<h2 class="nobreak"><i>A DWELLER WITH THE PAST.</i></h2></div>
+
+<div class="poetry-container"><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">From cabin crude on lonely height—</span>
+<span class="i0">Eyes piercing keen the solitude—</span>
+<span class="i0">She gazes at the scarce-worn pass,</span>
+<span class="i0">Where shadows ceaseless bend and brood.</span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">A soft caress, a word or two,—</span>
+<span class="i0">The pleasuring thing danced on its way;</span>
+<span class="i0">But to her, guileless child, it seemed</span>
+<span class="i0">That blossoms bright fell from the day.</span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">She sighs, the sputtering wick burns low,</span>
+<span class="i0">The night wind bends the long hill grass,</span>
+<span class="i0">And the soul of that fleeting bygone day</span>
+<span class="i0">Glides noiseless o’er the rock-ribbed pass.</span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i21">Ricardo Minor.</span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<hr class="chap" />
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_62" id="Page_62">[Pg 62]</a></span></p>
+<div class="chapter"><h2 class="nobreak">Clippings from Exchanges</h2></div>
+<hr class="r5" />
+
+<h3>OSCAR HAMMERSTEIN.</h3>
+
+<p>An old Yankee fisherman up in Maine said to his son who was starting
+out to seek his fortune, “Sonnie, mind what I tell ye, in this here
+world you’ve either got to cut bait or fish.” Oscar Hammerstein,
+humorist, father of six children, plunger, man of business, cigar
+machine inventor, real estate speculator, vaudeville manager, composer,
+theater builder and impresario, is one of the men who fishes.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft">
+    <img src="images/i_062.jpg" alt="" width="200" height="253" />
+    <p class="center">OSCAR HAMMERSTEIN</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>He fishes where he pleases, when he pleases, and how he pleases. “He
+wants what he wants when he wants it,” and what’s more he gets it. When
+he wants to do a thing he asks Oscar Hammerstein’s advice. If Oscar
+Hammerstein says go ahead he goes ahead.</p>
+
+<p>This man has the faculty of disembodying himself. He looks upon himself
+objectively. He has implicit confidence in Oscar Hammerstein—in his
+judgment, in his courage, in his indomitable perseverance, in his star.
+The psychologists talk about the subliminal self. It is some such self
+which is Oscar Hammerstein’s guide, philosopher, friend, and mentor.</p>
+
+<p>I asked Mr. Hammerstein if he had a Board of Directors. He replied,
+“Certainly; see that long table there with all those chairs round it?
+Those chairs are my directors. I sit at the head of that table and vote
+myself a salary of $150,000 and my Directors pass it unanimously. I
+suggest; they approve.”</p>
+
+<p>One day about forty-three years ago a rich father Hammerstein in
+Berlin cruelly beat a young Hammerstein with a skate strap. That young
+Hammerstein was Oscar, and he decided he had had enough of that sort of
+thing. Taking his father’s violin he escaped from the music room where
+he was imprisoned. Selling the violin for thirty dollars he bought a
+steerage passage on a sailing ship bound for America. He says of this
+incident:</p>
+
+<p>“I landed on these shores covered with vermin and without a cent. After
+a time I came to a sign which read, ‘Cigar Makers Wanted. Paid While
+You Learn.’ So I went in and applied for a job—not because I had
+any passion for making cigars, but because I didn’t want to starve.”
+Within a short time this two-dollar-a-week cigar maker’s apprentice had
+invented a machine for binding cigar fillers which he sold for $6,000.</p>
+
+<p>His many inventions have revolutionized the entire cigar making
+industry. He has now a music room and a machine shop. After three in
+the afternoon he divides his time between composing and inventing. Mr.
+Hammerstein is a man who makes and loses fortunes. The last time he
+went under was about ten years ago, when his great three part Olympia
+Theater failed utterly. He said, “That cleaned me out—lost one million
+and a half. I realized that after the things were sold at auction I
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_63" id="Page_63">[Pg 63]</a></span>
+wouldn’t have a dollar. Even to pay the rent for my modest apartment
+was a problem.”</p>
+
+<p>“What did you do?”</p>
+
+<p>“Do! I lit a cigar and took a long walk.”</p>
+
+<p>“How did you feel—discouraged?”</p>
+
+<p>“Felt fine! Discouraged, not a bit! I’ve never in my life felt
+discouraged or despondent. I’m something of a victim of melancholy, but
+that has nothing whatever to do with external events. It comes over
+me when my affairs are prospering most. But I’ve never been afraid of
+anybody or anything.</p>
+
+<p>“What I did is too long a story. But mark this! If you have an honest
+conviction as to the right thing to do you can do it! If you have
+absolute faith in yourself, other people are bound to have faith in
+you. No question about it.”</p>
+
+<p>Later one of Mr. Hammerstein’s assistants told me one thing he did
+in this emergency. He sold his grand piano and with the proceeds as
+his capital started the great Victoria vaudeville theater on Long
+Acre Square. Its out of the way site alone irrevocably condemned it
+to failure in the opinion of all the theatrical experts except its
+builder. One of his sons is now running it with immense success.</p>
+
+<p>“I have only one partner,” continued Mr. Hammerstein—“my knowledge of
+human nature. I have the greatest conductor in the world—Campanini.
+I went to Europe and saw him conduct and decided I must have him. I
+met him and made him believe in me and he came. He had never heard of
+Oscar Hammerstein. I didn’t show him my bank book. It wouldn’t have
+impressed him if I had. It was the same way with Madame Melba and with
+all the others. They liked me, they believed in me, and they came with
+me. They won’t sing for a man they don’t believe in, no matter how many
+thousands he may offer them.</p>
+
+<p>“When I started this opera house over here my friends were on the
+point of engaging a cell for me at Matteawan. Now my opera is a great
+success. With the exception of Caruso the Metropolitan singers can’t
+compare with mine. Of course, there’s not much money in this business.
+If money was what I wanted I should sell suspenders or shoe strings.</p>
+
+<p>“No, I never asked or took anybody’s advice about anything in my life.
+Why should I? I know my own affairs better than anybody else can. I
+have no secretary. I have no bookkeeper. Of course I have a treasurer
+to handle the funds. I haven’t even a stenographer.”</p>
+
+<p>“Why should I sit here and waste my time dictating letters about matters
+that don’t concern me to people that don’t interest me. When a letter
+really requires an answer I write a few lines in pencil on the letter
+itself and send it back to the writer. Here’s my letter file,” pointing
+to a capacious waste-basket, “and a very good one it makes. I never
+could understand why people should feel obliged to answer letters. All
+sorts of people write me about their affairs—not mine! Why should
+I spend my time writing people about their own affairs? Of course,
+helping people who deserve it is quite another matter.</p>
+
+<p>“One quality that has always helped me immensely is my
+faculty—absolutely—to wipe the past from my mind. I look only to the
+future. I work only for the future. I drag no dead weights after me.
+But, no man knows why he does things. He can’t help expressing what
+is in him. The genius or talent or aptitude or whatever you call it,
+that is born in him is bound to come out no matter what his outward
+circumstances. The people who never discover their bent have none
+to discover. If you are a reporter and you don’t like the way your
+fountain pen works you make it work better. You invent another pen; and
+then, before you know it, you find yourself a pen manufacturer.”</p>
+
+<p>With twinkling eyes and one of his contagious, boyish laughs Mr.
+Hammerstein got up from his desk and said, “Now I must excuse
+myself to attend one of those Directors’ meetings I was telling you
+about.”—Lyman Beecher Stowe.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_64" id="Page_64">[Pg 64]</a></span></p>
+<hr class="r5" />
+<h3>A MAGIC MOMENT.</h3>
+
+<p class="center">(By Lilian Whiting.)</p>
+
+<div class="poetry-container"><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">I love you, love you! only this</span>
+<span class="i8">I have to say;</span>
+<span class="i0">All other visions, hopes and dreams</span>
+<span class="i8">Must go their way.</span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Your lightest word outweighs for me</span>
+<span class="i8">The universe beside;</span>
+<span class="i0">My thought responds to all your own</span>
+<span class="i8">As ocean’s tide</span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Unfailingly leaps up to meet</span>
+<span class="i8">The moon’s sure call;</span>
+<span class="i0">Or as the stars in evening skies</span>
+<span class="i8">Must shine for all.</span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Life is no longer drift and dream,</span>
+<span class="i8">But vivified;</span>
+<span class="i0">And all its radiance, all its faiths,</span>
+<span class="i8">Are multiplied.</span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Music and magic lay their spell</span>
+<span class="i8">Upon the days</span>
+<span class="i0">That dawn in rose and wane in gold</span>
+<span class="i8">And purple haze.</span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">O wondrous spirit-call that came</span>
+<span class="i8">From out the air</span>
+<span class="i0">To make all life forevermore</span>
+<span class="i8">Divinely fair.</span>
+<span class="i14">—Harper’s Bazaar.</span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<hr class="r5" />
+<h3>KEEP POPULIST CHICKS AT HOME.</h3>
+
+<p>The editor of the Lawton Weekly Democrat, in commenting on the election
+said, “Some time ago we borrowed a Rooster from the News-Republican,
+to use in celebrating the Democratic victory we just knew was going
+to take place November 3rd. However, about 9 o’clock Tuesday night
+our Rooster began to feel unwell and we called in medical assistance,
+sat up with him all night; but shortly before noon on Wednesday he
+turned over on his back and uttered a feeble good bye. Like many other
+democrats we realize now the mistake we made in borrowing too much
+from the Republican party. We are now searching for an egg from which
+to hatch one of those stout healthy roosters of the pure Jeffersonian Breed.”</p>
+
+<p>Such an egg cannot be found in any hen house save the Populist and
+such a chicken if turned loose in the Democratic flock, like Bryan who
+was hatched in the Populist hen house, will soon be killed.—Peoples’
+Voice, Norman, Okla.</p>
+
+<hr class="r5" />
+<h3>HARRIMAN BLOCKED.</h3>
+
+<p>For once E. H. Harriman has found himself blocked. The laws of Texas
+protect investors by prohibiting mergers with large systems, and Texas
+laws further require that all railroads within her borders shall be
+owned and operated by local corporations. Every State in the Union
+could have protected its citizens by such laws and prevented gigantic
+mergers of Harriman, Hill et al.</p>
+
+<p>The anti-corporation wave that is sweeping over the Lone Star State
+will not quickly subside and if Harriman thinks that he can re-arrange
+the laws of Texas to suit his convenience he fails to realize that he
+must reckon with a people who are not owned by monopoly.</p>
+
+<p>The Espee does not select the Governor of Texas at a dinner in New York
+a year in advance of the election, neither does it control the Railroad
+Commission, the Legislature or the Courts of that State. It is one
+of the chief beneficiaries of the system of centralism that has been
+fastened upon some of the States, notably California and Nevada.</p>
+
+<p>It is gratifying to know that there is one State strong enough to check
+the octopus and prevent a combine of the railroad lines within its
+borders to the injury of the many and the benefit of the few.—The San
+Bernardina (Cal.) Free Press.</p>
+
+<hr class="r5" />
+<h3>THE HUNTING SEASON.</h3>
+
+<p>Today ushers in the season of the sportsman’s delight. From now on
+for the next few weeks the popping of guns will be heard throughout
+the land, and the wild life of field and wood will spend its days in
+bewildered trepidation.
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_65" id="Page_65">[Pg 65]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>Thus man returns to the primal instinct that drove him forth to forage
+for his daily provender in the era before agriculture and stock yards
+began to supply his needs in a scientific manner.</p>
+
+<p>It must seem strange to the birds and beasts, this sudden explosion of
+humanity. Could they reason, what would be their judgment of beings who
+find pleasure in inflicting pain and death on inoffensive creatures?
+In their own struggle for existence they have their tragedies, but
+these are based upon the necessities of nature. Man’s invasion of their
+haunts with snare and gun is too often wanton.</p>
+
+<p>As civilization progresses the hunting passion will disappear. Already
+we are learning to value the birds for their usefulness as destroyers
+of harmful insects, and coming to appreciate the beauty and wonder of
+the life that belongs to the little wild animals in our woods. The
+camera is superseding the shotgun; intelligent study and understanding
+are taking the place of senseless destruction. The invention of gun
+powder was an epoch-making event, but the world will be happier when we
+have outgrown its use.—Louisville Herald.</p>
+
+<hr class="r5" />
+<h3>WALL STREET PICKS THE GOAT.</h3>
+
+<p>Charles W. Morse, found guilty of misapplying the funds of the National
+Bank of North America and of falsifying the books of the bank, has been
+sentenced to serve fifteen years in the federal prison at Atlanta. As
+has been said, this is one way of guaranteeing bank deposits.</p>
+
+<p>But what about those other bankers in New York who have been guilty of
+precisely the same kind of offenses for which Morse is to be punished?
+Why is it that the other high financiers whose criminal banking methods
+were largely responsible for the recent panic that left a trail of ruin
+throughout the country are permitted to go unpunished?</p>
+
+<p>Is it because the big Wall Street interests wanted to make Morse the
+goat, just as they have made a special crusade against Heinze?</p>
+
+<p>Can it be that criminal bankers are not to be punished unless they have
+the ill luck to be particularly offensive to the New York banking and
+stock gambling trust?—Buffalo (N. Y.) Republic.</p>
+
+<hr class="r5" />
+<h3>ONWARD!</h3>
+
+<p class="center">By Park Benjamin.</p>
+
+<div class="poetry-container"><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Press on! there’s no such word as fail;</span>
+<span class="i2">Press nobly on! the goal is near—</span>
+<span class="i0">Ascend the mountain! breast the gale!</span>
+<span class="i2">Look upward, onward—never fear!</span>
+<span class="i0">Why shouldst thou faint? Heaven rules above.</span>
+<span class="i2">Though storm and vapor intervene</span>
+<span class="i0">The sun shines on, whose name is love,</span>
+<span class="i2">Serenely o’er life’s shadowed scene.</span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Press on! If Fortune plays thee false</span>
+<span class="i2">Today, tomorrow she’ll be true;</span>
+<span class="i0">Whom now she sinks she now exalts,</span>
+<span class="i2">Taking old gifts and granting new.</span>
+<span class="i0">The wisdom of the present hour</span>
+<span class="i2">Makes up for follies past and gone;</span>
+<span class="i0">To weakness strength succeeds, and power</span>
+<span class="i2">From frailty springs—press on! press on!</span>
+<span class="i27">—The Carpenter.</span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<hr class="r5" />
+<h3>A PIPE DREAM.</h3>
+
+<p>The Atlanta Georgian in its Tuesday edition contains an editorial
+headed “A Misleading Epigram,” anent Tom Watson’s splendid speech to
+the Farmers’ Union convention in New Orleans.</p>
+
+<p>During the course of Mr. Watson’s speech he had occasion to coin the
+following epigram: “If the farmers are the backbone of the country, we
+have a complicated case of spinal trouble.”</p>
+
+<p>The Georgian goes on to say that the farmer of today is in better shape
+than ever before. If this statement had been made two, or even one,
+year ago, it could have been overlooked.</p>
+
+<p>To say that the farmer is in good shape now, or words to that effect,
+is a great deal more misleading than the above epigram. The writer
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_66" id="Page_66">[Pg 66]</a></span>
+lives in one of the very best and most progressive farming sections
+of the state. He comes in daily contact with the farmer. Taking the
+conditions that exist here as an example, we find the farmers as
+a whole in worse shape than they have been in several years. As a
+consequence of this those who depend on the farmer, as most everybody
+does in the small towns, are in worse shape than the farmer. The
+Georgian gives as a reason for the good condition in which the farmer
+finds himself, that they are diversifying their crops. Our observation
+that his failure to diversify is the main cause of his helpless
+condition now. Too much cotton has broken, in a sense, the backbone
+of the country, and, as Mr. Watson remarks, it is afflicted with a
+complicated case of spinal trouble.</p>
+
+<p>The Georgian merely has a pipe dream of what should be, and what would
+be if the farmer would diversify, and arrives at the conclusion that it
+already exists.—Royston Record.</p>
+
+<hr class="r5" />
+<h3>THE CURSE OF THE NATION.</h3>
+
+<p>The banker organizes a national bank having $100,000 capital, with
+which he buys $100,000 of United States bonds, “on which he draws
+interest in advance and pays no tax.” The government engraves, prints,
+and sends him notes to be used as money, to the face value of the
+bonds. Nominally these notes cost him $5.00 a thousand. He lends them
+out at from six to ten per cent on the thousand, or from sixty to one
+hundred dollars on the thousand. Then by a system of bank credits,
+which would be incredible if it were not so capable of proof, he
+multiplies his loans until he draws interest on NINE times more money
+than he ever put into his business.</p>
+
+<p>To cap the climax, he gets the Government to surrender its revenue
+to his keeping, lends out these millions also, ... DRAWING ANOTHER
+INTEREST FROM THE TAX PAYERS WHOSE OWN MONEY HE IS LENDING BACK TO THEM.</p>
+
+<p>What a mockery of equal and exact justice! What do you think of your
+old party representatives’ business ability, who issue United States
+bonds at 2, 3, or 4 per cent and turn around and loan it to the
+bankers at one-half of one per cent? With their twenty-five per cent
+reserves loaned to other banks and loaned to the gamblers of Wall
+street, as well as to the ones operating a gambling hell of the like
+kind in every large city, sending call money to eighty and more per
+cent. “And at last the chickens come home to roost, ... when the bogus
+dollars come to the doors of the bank clamoring for recognition and
+redemption, these silk hat thieves get together, refuse to honor their
+own notes, refuse to pay depositors, decline to cash checks; issue a
+nasty Clearing House Certificate, compel the business world to accept
+it as money, and thus MAKE ANOTHER PROFIT OUT OF THE WRITTEN EVIDENCE
+OF THEIR OWN DISHONESTY.” The United States bonds are a first liability
+of the Government. The National Bank notes are a second liability, and
+these pawnbrokers of a nation’s energy and productiveness propose a
+third liability based on your deposits and their capital, called for
+euphony, asset currency (asses’ money). This is the way they want to
+get the elastic currency (rubber money) whereby the exceeding hard
+work of the banker is to sign his name to thousand dollar bills and
+get in exchange your hard labor, inventive ability, and its products.
+They tell you to “work hard, save your money, and put it in the bank.”
+Why should your government tax you for their benefit, when you can do
+it directly without them? “Is it ‘equal and exact justice’ to allow
+six thousand national bankers to turn your credit into a mint for
+themselves, at your expense? Is there any defense of a system which
+turns Government credit and cash over to a favored few?” “They say
+their issue of money is good,” but your Government issuing money to you
+direct is “repudiation and national dishonor.” “Money is the life-blood
+of trade.” Will you leave in the hands of these pawnbrokers the power
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_67" id="Page_67">[Pg 67]</a></span>
+to cut your business in half, curtail enterprise, reduce the workers’
+wages, and diminish thereby the markets of the country?</p>
+
+<p>The Peoples’ Party position on the money question is based on the
+United States Supreme Court’s decision, in The Legal Tender cases of
+1862 and 1863, as well as the Supreme Courts of nineteen Northern
+States.—Ohio Liberty Bell.</p>
+
+<hr class="chap" />
+<div class="chapter"><a name="LAMB" id="LAMB">&nbsp;</a>
+<h2 class="nobreak">The Lamb In the Rain</h2></div>
+
+<div class="poetry-container"><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">How sweet a tune it was to cuddle down to</span>
+<span class="i0">Under the big star quilt that grandma made,</span>
+<span class="i0">The rain upon the roof! enough to drown you—</span>
+<span class="i0">And we made out, you know, we were afraid.</span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">And then you wondered—and the thought would wake you</span>
+<span class="i0">Wide awake a moment with its pain,</span>
+<span class="i0">If there could be—and how your heart would ache you—</span>
+<span class="i0">A little lamb somewhere out in the rain.</span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">And so, when mother came—how mothers love you!</span>
+<span class="i0">To kiss her good-night kiss, you’d question low</span>
+<span class="i0">And when she told you—bending there above you—</span>
+<span class="i0">“All little lambs are in,” you knew ’twas so.</span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">How in your very heart of hearts you’d thank her!</span>
+<span class="i0">For all your little throat just ached to weep;</span>
+<span class="i0">Then, with a few deep breaths that dragged their anchor,</span>
+<span class="i0">Your tender heart and you were fast asleep.</span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Again the rain upon the roof is beating;</span>
+<span class="i0">O Heart, dear Heart, I hear you where I am;</span>
+<span class="i0">And all your mother-soul’s incessant bleating</span>
+<span class="i0">For yours—your own unsheltered little lamb!</span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">But look, dear Heart, dear Heart, one bends above you</span>
+<span class="i0">With more than mother-tenderness to kiss</span>
+<span class="i0">Your soul into assurance; mother love you?—</span>
+<span class="i0">Ah, gentler than her gentlest love is this!</span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Look, to His Heart your little one lies closer</span>
+<span class="i0">Than even to your own heart hath it been!</span>
+<span class="i0">Confide it, little mater dolorosa,</span>
+<span class="i0">And rest; for know “All little lambs are in.”</span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">White Springs, Fla.</span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<hr class="chap" />
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_68" id="Page_68">[Pg 68]</a></span></p>
+<div class="chapter"><h2 class="non-vis nobreak">LETTERS FROM THE PEOPLE.</h2></div>
+<div class="figcenter">
+    <img src="images/i_068.jpg" alt="THOS. E. WATSON, AUTHOR OF RURAL FREE DELIVERY." width="600" height="145" />
+</div>
+
+<h3>POPULISM WILL SWEEP THE COUNTRY.</h3>
+
+<p class="author">Greenville, Pa., Nov. 19, 1908.<br />
+Hon. Tom Watson,<br />Thomson, Ga.</p>
+
+<p class="no-indent">Dear Sir:</p>
+
+<p>Allow me to congratulate you on the grand fight that you made in
+Georgia. Would to God that such a fight could be made in every state
+in the Union. It would, and I believe that it will anyhow, sweep the
+country within a shorter time than most of us dream of. Down at heart
+the great mass of the people are Populists and what a people are at
+heart is bound to reach the head in time.</p>
+
+<p>The sophistry of Mr. Bryan having now been exploded, Populism will
+again get its old time consideration. Millions of voters were, by
+Mr. Bryan’s boyhood days’ stand, led to believe that he was really a
+Populist, which now stands so plainly refuted that no man ought longer
+be fooled unless he wants to be.</p>
+
+<p>The suggestion on your part to call a conference would, I believe,
+prove a good move. As a meeting place, the farther South and West, the
+better. It would bring you closer to the great mass of voters who know
+more what Populism means than we do of the East and North.</p>
+
+<p>What little I can do for the cause, I shall most gladly do. Always at
+your command, allowed my name to be used here in the last election as a
+candidate for Assembly. Got 138 votes in the county; more than enough
+that our party will hereafter have a place on the ticket without having
+to get out a petition.</p>
+
+<p>With best wishes and a God speed you in the noble work engaged, I am,</p>
+
+<p class="author">Very truly yours,<span class="ws4">&nbsp;</span><br />WILLIAM LOOSER.</p>
+
+<hr class="r5" />
+<h3>GOVERNMENT SHOULD ISSUE ALL MONEY.</h3>
+
+<p class="author">Military Home, Dayton, O.<br />Oct. 20, 1908.</p>
+<p class="no-indent">Thomas E. Watson,<br />&emsp;Thomsan, Ga.</p>
+
+<p class="no-indent">Sir:</p>
+
+<p>You know as well as I do that were it not for England’s paper money,
+Napoleon would not have lost the battle of Waterloo. Would it not be
+wise, and acceptable to all, to, in your speeches, advocate the issue
+of Greenbacks exclusively by the Federal Government? Answer, Yes or No.</p>
+
+<p class="author">Respectfully,<span class="ws4">&nbsp;</span><br />CAPT. A. R. TITUS.</p>
+
+<p><span class="ws3">(Yes.)</span></p>
+
+<hr class="r5" />
+<h3>ONLY QUESTION WORTH WHILE.</h3>
+
+<p class="author">Denver, Col., Oct. 13, 1908.</p>
+<p class="no-indent">Hon. Thomas E. Watson,<br />&emsp;Thomson, Ga.</p>
+
+<p class="no-indent">Friend Watson:</p>
+
+<p>I want to compliment you on the splendid work you are doing in your
+publications. I am glad you give space to the money question, for it is
+really the only question worth while. With an insufficient money supply
+no economic system, however good, will succeed. No matter how high an
+ethical standard we may have or how industrious the people may be,
+poverty will stalk through the land if we do not have a money volume
+equal to our money needs. Our money shortage begets interest and the
+consumer pays all interest in commercial transactions. What is our money
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_69" id="Page_69">[Pg 69]</a></span>
+shortage? I place it at not less than fifteen billion. We could use
+thirteen billion for the one purpose of conserving wealth, and we could
+certainly use two billion in active circulation. Our bank deposits
+were more than thirteen billion, and we had less than three billion in
+circulation. The fact that we can and do use credit to help out the
+money shortage, does not alter the fact that we should have tangible
+money to use instead of being forced to use credit, which always
+carries with it the <b>interest</b> charge.</p>
+
+<p>But enough of this. No answer expected, though I do appreciate a letter
+from you. I know your time is too precious. A man that writes for
+millions now and millions yet to come can not afford to write to one
+lone person, and I think you are <b>writing for the ages</b>.</p>
+
+<p class="author">Yours with best wishes,<span class="ws4">&nbsp;</span><br />
+RICHARD WOLFE.</p>
+
+<hr class="r5" />
+<h3>WE ALSO WISH IT.</h3>
+
+<p class="author">Luzerne, N. Y., Oct. 24, 1908.</p>
+<p class="no-indent">Hon. Thomas E. Watson,<br />&emsp;Thomson, Ga.</p>
+
+<p class="no-indent">Dear Sir:</p>
+
+<p>I wish it were possible for you to make sufficient inroads in the
+South to help build up a great new party which would have some honest
+convictions as to the people’s right to rule themselves, a democracy of
+vital grip.</p>
+
+<p class="author">Success to you,<span class="ws4">&nbsp;</span><br />
+GEO. THOMAS.</p>
+
+<hr class="r5" />
+<h3>A FINE LETTER FROM<br /> MRS. MARION TODD.</h3>
+
+<p class="author">Springport, Mich., Dec. 16, 1908.</p>
+<p class="no-indent">My Dear Mr. Watson:</p>
+
+<p>Anything that appears to have your endorsement is worthy of
+consideration, and, as the language of Dr. S. Leland, in your last
+Magazine, in his speech refers to woman in an offensive manner, I
+inflict this article upon you and consider it only fair that it be
+placed before the same readers. Dr. Leland refers to woman in the
+following language:</p>
+
+<p>“They will be anything for love, and if they can’t get that * * * some
+will rush into the lecture field—join the Salvation Army—form Women’s
+Rights Societies, and do deeds that make the angels weep.”</p>
+
+<p>It’s not surprising that women join the Salvation Army, since it’s an
+Army that has done more good than all the churches on earth have ever
+done; but what really puzzles me is how Dr. Leland happened to know
+that the angels weep because women rush into the lecture field—form
+Women’s Rights Societies, etc. Was he so close to the angels that he
+could hear the rustle of their wings? There is no known record of
+angels weeping over woman suffrage societies, etc. The only thing that
+approaches a record of weeping angels is, that Lucifer, in his tilt
+with heavenly comrades, <b>might</b> have wept, not because of woman
+suffrage societies, evidently, but probably because he happened to be
+kicked over the battlements of Glory. We hope Dr. Leland, who is now
+dead, found better favor in the beyond than did Lucifer, since he was
+no doubt as good a man would like to find a place could be.</p>
+
+<p>Dr. Leland informs us that “true women are not public
+brawlers”—otherwise lecturers. The poor, dear man! Did he think a
+public lecturer had to be a brawler? The sainted Mary E. Willard was a
+public lecturer, imagine her a public brawler! She did more good than
+and left an Influence superior to that of any man in the nation. Her
+name is found upon the scroll of honor, where many a man would like to
+find a place. Mrs. Maud Ballington Booth is a <b>public speaker</b>.
+Let all men uncover their heads at the mention of her name.</p>
+
+<p>Dr. Leland says: “Administrative faculties are not hers.”</p>
+
+<p>Without a trial how could he know she was so deficient? Man has
+demonstrated his ability in that line; God forbid that woman develops
+the same kind if the opportunity ever occurs.</p>
+
+<p>Public plunder and panics, the murder of babies in workshop and
+factory, a Congress, so corrupt that trusts and corporations rule the
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_70" id="Page_70">[Pg 70]</a></span>
+land—such is the administration of man. Dr. Leland says the forum is
+no place for her silver voice, but the rotten reign of man makes it the
+most appropriate place, for the cesspool will not cleanse itself. We
+are informed further that “woman discusses <b>not</b> the course of the
+planets.” What the discussion of the planets has to do with the right
+of suffrage is not exactly clear, as I believe there are a few voters
+who are unqualified to discuss the course of the planets. In case
+it has a bearing, I would announce that it was a woman who drew the
+world’s prize in competition with the wisest in this line but a short
+time ago. The Doctor said:</p>
+
+<p>“She guides <b>no</b> vessels through the night and tempest across the
+trackless sea.” But she does greater things. She possesses the heart
+and heroism to jeopardize her life in rescuing the shipwrecked. We have
+many a Grace Darling, we have many a Florence Nightingale, who have
+manifested greater bravery and brain than required to guide a vessel.
+But this latter charge will not hold today.</p>
+
+<p>Finally, as a clincher, the Doctor stated that “the strength of
+Milton’s poetic vision is far beyond her delicate perception, she would
+have been affrighted at that fiery sea upon whose flaming billows—</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">‘Satan, with head above the waves<br /></span>
+<span class="i1">And eyes that sparkling blazed.’”<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>We <b>again</b> find the Doctor an <b>incompetent</b> judge of woman.
+A wife who has to encounter a drunken husband time after time, and who
+lives in terror of her life, is used to blazing eyes and bleared eyes,
+and all kinds. She would prefer to meet Satan, any time, for there is
+no record of his being a “drunk.”</p>
+
+<p>Woman asks for the ballot that she may vote this worst of hells out of
+her life. Yet we find men who respect her so much they would withhold
+this privilege of defense.</p>
+
+<p>Such chivalry is sick and needs medicine.</p>
+
+<p class="author">(Mrs.) Marion Todd.</p>
+
+<hr class="r5" />
+<h3>A VICTIM OF MILITARY DISCIPLINE.</h3>
+<p class="no-indent">Dear Mr. Watson:</p>
+
+<p>I am requested to write out the details of the execution of a
+Confederate soldier at Morton, Mississippi, in July, 1863. I will
+endeavor to do so to the best of my recollection; and I think that what
+I shall write will be substantially correct, because the incident is
+frescoed upon my memory.</p>
+
+<p>During the siege of Vicksburg, General Joseph E. Johnson was placed in
+command of the Army in Mississippi which was being organized outside
+to relieve General Pemberton. General W. H. T. Walker commanded a
+division in said Army. His command consisted of the brigares of Guist,
+Wilson, McNair, Ector and Gregg. I was on the staff of General Gregg.
+We were for some time at Yazoo City preparing to move on the rear of
+General Grant, who was then closely besieging Vicksburg. When we got
+ready and our large supply train prepared (which we expected to take
+into Vicksburg), we marched from Yazoo City towards the Big Black Creek
+and encamped some days at a little hamlet called Vernon, a few miles
+West of Canton. While in camp there, one day a regiment of cavalry
+passed along the road, by the side of which the 46th Georgia Regiment
+was encamped. This regiment was commanded by Colonel Peyton Colquitt,
+who was afterwards killed at Chickamauga. Some one recognized a man in
+the cavalry who formerly belonged to the 46th Georgia. The soldier had
+deserted from the latter regiment whilst it was on the Georgia coast,
+and joined this regiment of cavalry. He was arrested—charges preferred
+against him for desertion. He was tried by a court martial which was
+sitting at Vernon.</p>
+
+<p>The man was convicted, but no publication was then made of the results
+of the trial, but the findings were regularly forwarded to General
+Johnson’s headquarters, and then we broke camp and moved down to the
+Big Black for the purpose of crossing to attack General Grant. Indeed,
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_71" id="Page_71">[Pg 71]</a></span>
+we reached the point to cross on the night of July 3rd, and the
+engineer corps was preparing to throw the pontoons across, when news
+came that Vicksburg had surrendered. Then we commenced our retrograde
+movement towards Jackson—passing through Clinton, Mississippi, en
+route. Sherman was sent in pursuit and we reached Jackson one day ahead
+of him and went into the works which had been prepared for the defense
+of Jackson.</p>
+
+<p>Sherman immediately extended his besieging lines with both flanks
+resting on Pearl River, forming a semi-circle, leaving the Eastern side
+of the city open for our retreat. I think we remained there one week
+before retreating. General Johnson found it impossible to keep Sherman
+from crossing the river and getting in his rear and, therefore,
+evacuated the works and took up his line of march one night towards
+Meridian. After we were some distance on the road beyond Brandon, a
+terrific rain-storm came on, with heavy thunder and lightning. The
+rain was so heavy and the night so dark the troops scarcely march,
+encountering here and there wagons and artillery stuck in the mud.</p>
+
+<p>We reached Morton about daylight and went into camp. The sun rose in
+all its brightness and intensity of July heat. The troops were drying
+off and preparing their camp for cooking, etc., when this convicted
+soldier struggled up to the provost guard and said to the Major in
+command: “Well, Major, I got lost last night but am up as soon as I
+could find you.” The officer turned over to the guard and said: “I am
+sorry you came up for orders have been issued that you must be shot
+today at one o’clock p. m.”</p>
+
+<p>When General Walker learned of this incident, his sympathies were
+aroused and he and Major Cumming mounted their horses and rode to
+General Johnson’s headquarters. General Walker dismounted, recited
+the facts to his superior officer and interceded for the poor fellow.
+The only reply was: “General Walker, my orders must be obeyed.” The
+latter saluted and replied, “General, they shall be,” and mounted his
+horse. With tears in his eyes he instructed Major Cumming to have Major
+Schauff (I do not know that I spell this name correctly) make a detail
+for the execution and carry it out at 1 o’clock promptly.</p>
+
+<p>He then ordered the division out to witness the execution. The brigade
+formed three sides of a square in a large old field flanked by second
+growth of pines; the grave had been dug in the center of it, his coffin
+resting on the further side from the firing squad. The condemned man
+asked not to be blindfolded; his hands were tied behind his back,
+he knelt on his coffin, and in the presence of the whole division,
+including his old 46th Georgia Regiment and his comrades therein, and
+was shot to death, placed in his box, or coffin, and was buried right
+there in that old field.</p>
+
+<p>The saddest part of it was that the testimony showed he had been so
+good and gallant soldier in his adopted regiment, and he stated the
+only reason he left the 46th Georgia was that he got tired of inaction
+down on the coast and wanted to be where he could do some fighting. He
+also stated that he had a wife and child at home in Georgia.</p>
+
+<p>I wish I knew his name and Company, but I do not. Major Cumming may.</p>
+
+<p>I think these facts are substantially correct, and hope they will be of
+some service to you.</p>
+
+<p class="author">M. P. CARROLL.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter">
+    <img src="images/i_071.jpg" alt="" width="600" height="112" />
+</div>
+
+<hr class="chap" />
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_72" id="Page_72">[Pg 72]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="chapter"><h2 class="non-vis nobreak">BOOK REVIEWS</h2></div>
+<div class="figcenter">
+    <img src="images/i_072.jpg" alt="" width="600" height="225" />
+</div>
+<hr class="r25" />
+
+<h3>Poem Outlines.</h3>
+<p class="center">By Sidney Lanier.</p>
+<p class="center space-below2">Charles Scribner’s Sons,<br /> Publishers, New York.</p>
+
+<p>D’Israeli’s “Calamities and Quarrels of Authors” may be ransacked in
+vain for an example of misfortune, suffering and heroic combat with
+adversity, more pathetic and more admirable than that of Sidney Lanier.</p>
+
+<p>The literary history of our own country presents many an instance of
+the neglected genius, struggling with poverty, but none of them appeals
+to us quite so powerfully as does that of the Georgia poet who wrote
+the “Hymn to Sunrise”—wrote it when his hand was too weak to lift food
+to his mouth and when his fever temperature was 104.</p>
+
+<p>Born in Macon, Ga., in 1842, he had hardly graduated, with the first
+honor, at Oglethorpe College, before the Civil War drew him, a youth of
+eighteen, into the Macon Volunteers, the first Georgia troops that went
+to the front.</p>
+
+<p>At the end of the war,—in which he had been in several battles and had
+spent months in prison—he returned on foot to Georgia.</p>
+
+<p>After a long and desperate illness, he went to Alabama, where he
+clerked in a store in Montgomery, and then became a school teacher.</p>
+
+<p>He married in 1868 and soon afterwards had the first hemorrhage from
+the lungs.</p>
+
+<p>Returning to Macon, he studied law and began its practice, with his
+father.</p>
+
+<p>The lung trouble was a fixture, however, and he went to New York for
+treatment. The remainder of his life presents the distressing spectacle
+of pursuer and pursued—the Disease in chase of the victim. We find
+him now in Texas, then in Florida, now in Pennsylvania, then in North
+Carolina,—with his remorseless enemy on his trail, always.</p>
+
+<p>In the occasional improvements in his health, in the temporary respites
+from the implacable foe, was done the literary work which gives Sidney
+Lanier his place in the hall of fame. A born musician, he played organ,
+piano, flute, violin, banjo and guitar, but his preference was the
+violin and his specialty the flute.</p>
+
+<p>It was his exquisite music on the flute which secured and held for him
+the leadership of the Peabody Symphony Concerts, in Baltimore. To this
+city he went to live in 1873, and Baltimore was his home during the few
+years that were left to him.</p>
+
+<p>There is no record of a braver struggle with poverty and disease than
+that made by the Georgia poet during these last tragical years.</p>
+
+<p>Fugitive writings for the magazines, lecture courses to private
+classes, books in prose and books in verse, first-flute in an
+orchestra, public lectures at the Peabody Institute, and then the final
+scene in North Carolina where the long, hideous battle comes to its
+pitiful close. (Aug. 1881.)</p>
+
+<p>It is not probable that Sidney Lanier ever got much money out of his
+books.</p>
+
+<p>“Tiger Lilies,” his novel, made no hit; “The Science of English Verse”
+could not possibly appeal to many; and even his volumes of verse had
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_73" id="Page_73">[Pg 73]</a></span>
+no considerable recognition during the poet’s life-time. Indeed, it
+is doubtful whether Lanier will ever be one of the favorites of all
+classes, like Burns and Byron, Longfellow and Bret Harte.</p>
+
+<p>It appears to be the literal fact that the Georgia poet was
+<b>always</b> hard up. Poverty and Consumption were <b>always</b>
+dogging his steps. To keep himself and family from want, he <b>had</b>
+to be first-flute in the Concert, <b>had</b> to deliver those lectures.
+No matter how weak he was, no matter how ill and depressed, he
+<b>had</b> to go,—and he <b>did</b> go and go and go, until he was
+so far spent that it may be said that <b>his last lectures were the
+death-rattle of a dying man</b>. It is said that his hearers, to whom
+his condition was but too evident, listened to these final discourses
+“in a kind of fascinated terror.”</p>
+
+<p>Read this extract from one of his letters to his wife:</p>
+
+<p>“So many great ideas for Art are born to me each day, <b>I am swept
+away into the land of All-Delight by their strenuous sweet whirlwind</b>;
+and I find within myself such entire, yet humble, confidence of
+possessing every single element of power to carry them all out, save
+the little paltry sum of money that would suffice to keep us clothed
+and fed in the meantime.</p>
+
+<p>“<b>I do not understand this.</b>”</p>
+
+<p>(The black type is ours.)</p>
+
+<p>It reminds one of that letter of Edgar Poe, written to Childers of
+Georgia, requesting a small loan and saying simply, abjectly, “I am so
+miserably poor and friendless.”</p>
+
+<p>His poverty cowed Poe, and caused him to do unmanly things. Poverty
+did not cow Sidney Lanier, and never in his life did he do an unmanly
+thing. Much of the time he was not able to have his family with him.
+Therefore, the battle that was fought by this unfearing soul was a sick
+man, a lonely man, a care-worn man, a sensitive man, a very poor man
+against odds that he knew he could not long resist.</p>
+
+<p>In 1905, Charles Scribner’s Sons brought out a complete collection of
+the “Poems of Sidney Lanier, edited by his wife.” Of those poems we
+have not space to write.</p>
+
+<p>The present volume is unique and to those who value the brief
+suggestion which fires a train of thought, it is valuable,—exceedingly
+so.</p>
+
+<p>Not all of these “Outlines” are properly so called. Many of them are as
+complete in themselves as are the Cameos of Walter Savage Landor.</p>
+
+<p>Like other Georgia bards—A. R. Watson, Dr. Frank Tickner, Joel
+Chandler Harris, Frank L. Stanton and Don Marquis,—Sidney Lanier could
+put so much thought and beauty into four lines as to give one a sense
+of perfection.</p>
+
+<p>For example,</p>
+
+<div class="poetry-container"><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i6">“And then</span>
+<span class="i0">A gentle violin <b>mated</b> with the flute,</span>
+<span class="i0"><b>And both flew off into a wood of harmony,</b></span>
+<span class="i6"><b>Two doves of tone</b>.”</span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<p><b>That</b> is not the “<b>Outline</b>” of a poem; it is <b>a poem</b>,
+perfect in its way and complete in itself. <b>There was nothing more to
+be said.</b></p>
+
+<p>Again,</p>
+
+<div class="poetry-container"><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i3">“<b>Tolerance, like a Harbor</b>, lay</span>
+<span class="i4">Smooth and shining and secure,</span>
+<span class="i4"><b>Where ships carrying every flag</b></span>
+<span class="i4"><b>Of faith were anchored in peace</b>.”</span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<p>This also,</p>
+
+<div class="poetry-container"><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i3">“Who doubts but Eve had a rose in her hair</span>
+<span class="i6">Ere fig leaves fettered her limbs?</span>
+<span class="i4">So Life wore poetry’s perfect rose</span>
+<span class="i6">Before ’twas clothed with economic prose.”</span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<p>And,</p>
+
+<div class="poetry-container"><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i3">“How did’st thou win her, Death?</span>
+<span class="i4">Thou art the only rival that ever made her cold to me.”</span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<p>And,</p>
+
+<div class="poetry-container"><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i3">“Wan Silence lying, lip on ground.</span>
+<span class="i4"><b>An outcast Angel from the heaven of sound</b>,</span>
+<span class="i10">Prone and desolate</span>
+<span class="i10">By the shut Gate.”
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_74" id="Page_74">[Pg 74]</a></span></span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<p>One more selection, and we leave off:</p>
+
+<div class="poetry-container"><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i7">“Look out Death, I am coming,</span>
+<span class="i0"><b>Art thou not glad?</b> What talks we’ll have,</span>
+<span class="i8"><b>What mem’ries of old battles</b>.</span>
+<span class="i0">Come, bring the bowl, Death; I am thirsty.”</span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<p>This is no “Outline”; it is a complete poem, <b>a terribly complete
+poem</b>. Like the flash in a night of storm, it lights up a world of
+raging elements and universal gloom.</p>
+
+<hr class="r5" />
+
+<h3>“Pokahuntas, Maid of Jamestown.”</h3>
+<p class="center">By Anne Sanford Green.</p>
+<p class="center">The Exponent Press,<br /> Culpeper, Va.</p>
+
+<p>In the Introduction, the author says,</p>
+
+<p>“We have expended great pains, and much time and thought, to
+demonstrate that the whole story of Pokahuntas and John Smith was
+mainly true, and not mythological, and unfit to be told, as some
+Virginia historians have been at pains to prove.</p>
+
+<p>“But really, that it was true that Captain John Smith loved the Indian
+maiden, and that he was the one love of her life.”</p>
+
+<p>The author cites the county records of Virginia to substantiate the
+facts upon which her story rests, and uses extensively the work of
+Annas Todkill, “My Lady Pokahuntas,” published in the seventeenth
+century.</p>
+
+<p>Out of these materials has been evolved a narrative which is deeply
+interesting. How the Indian girl saved Captain Smith’s life, how she
+came to love him, how she saved the colony from starvation, how the
+enemies of Captain Smith finally made his position unbearable and how
+he sailed away, after a tender leave-taking of Pokahuntas, how the
+ungrateful colonists captured the girl and held her as hostage, how the
+report of Captain Smith’s death came to Jamestown and was believed by
+all, how the Indian maiden was wooed and won by Rolfe, how she went to
+England and was the honored guest of royalty, how she saw Captain Smith
+at Shakespeare’s theatre, how her love for him revived and filled her
+with despair, how she sickened and died,—such is the outline of this
+fascinating story. The author tells it, without the waste of a word,
+and with simplicity, directness and force.</p>
+
+<hr class="r5" />
+
+<h3>Disastrous Financial Panics:<br /> Cause and Remedy.</h3>
+<p class="center">By Jesse Gillmore,</p>
+<p class="center">San Diego, Cal.<br /> Price 25 cents.</p>
+
+<p>“Indeed, a most love of a book,” wrote some one rapturously of a volume
+which had pleased him immensely. One is tempted to repeat the phrase
+in reference to Mr. Gillmore’s little work, because he has swept
+out the ambiguous, the obscure and tiresome, condensed statistical
+tables into a few lines and made his subject vitally interesting. The
+difficulty of enlightening a majority of people on the evils of our
+financial system consists in the refusal of the reader to be bored by
+dreary compilations of figures and tedious elaborations. Mr. Gillmore’s
+book is history and logic in so entertaining a form that the reader
+is delighted; and even a school boy would find in it nothing dull or
+confusing. The true test of a popular work on an instructive subject
+really is whether or not it is laid down by the reader with a definite:
+“Why, I understand that. It was never made so plain to me before.”</p>
+
+<p>The small price and the ease with which the pamphlet may be handled
+and read should make “Disastrous Financial Panics” a very valuable
+contribution to the cause of reform.</p>
+
+<hr class="r5" />
+<h3>The Cure of Consumption, Coughs and Colds.</h3>
+<p class="center">By Fred. K. Kaessman.<br /> Price 10 cents.</p>
+<p class="center">Health-Wealth Publishing House,<br /> Lawrence, Mass.</p>
+
+<p>A neat booklet containing encouraging words and advice that will
+prove exceedingly beneficial wherever practicable to follow. And even
+where the suggestions cannot be carried out completely, the sufferer
+from lung trouble should approximate the ideal conditions for cure as
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_75" id="Page_75">[Pg 75]</a></span>
+closely as possible. The work emphasizes the value of fresh air,
+exercise and wholesome food and the worthlessness of patent nostrums.</p>
+
+<hr class="r5" />
+<h3>Usury.</h3>
+<p class="center">By Calvin Elliott.<br /> Price $1.</p>
+<p class="center">Published by the Anti-Usury League,<br /> Albany, Oregon.</p>
+
+<p>It is safe to say that more sincere Christians have been gulled into
+submission to injustice and oppression by the Scriptural phrase,
+“Render to Caesar the things that are Caesar’s,” than by anything else.
+Therefore, Mr. Calvin’s careful analysis of the economical situation
+created by the custom of exacting usury is enormously strengthened by
+his clear conception of the true meaning of Bible sayings. He traces
+the history of interest through both Old and New Testaments down to
+the present time and shows beyond cavil the inquiry of a system which
+insures the perpetual enslavement of a debt-paying class for the
+benefit of a moneyed aristocracy.</p>
+
+<p class="space-below2">There can be no freedom so long as usury
+endures. We may sometimes sigh for the power of a king—but what
+European monarch does not servilely bow to the will of the house of
+Rothschild? Until we have corrected the ability to extort taxes from
+generations yet unborn, we may expect neither liberty, nor justice nor
+equality.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter">
+    <img src="images/i_075.jpg" alt="" width="600" height="327" />
+</div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_76" id="Page_76">[Pg 76]</a></span></p>
+<hr class="chap" />
+<p class="f150"><b>EVOLUTION</b></p>
+<p class="center">By LANGDON SMITH</p>
+
+<div class="poetry-container"><div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">When you were a tadpole and I was a fish,</span>
+<span class="i4">In the Paleozoic time,</span>
+<span class="i0">And side by side on the ebbing tide,</span>
+<span class="i4">We sprawled through the ooze and slime,</span>
+<span class="i0">Or skittered with many a caudal flip,</span>
+<span class="i4">Through the depths of the Cambrian fen,</span>
+<span class="i0">My heart was rife with the joy of life,</span>
+<span class="i4">For I loved you even then.</span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Mindless we lived and mindless we loved,</span>
+<span class="i4">And mindless at last we died;</span>
+<span class="i0">And deep in a rift of the Caradoc drift</span>
+<span class="i4">We slumbered side by side.</span>
+<span class="i0">The world turned on in the lathe of time,</span>
+<span class="i4">The hot lands heaved amain,</span>
+<span class="i0">Till we caught our breath from the womb of death,</span>
+<span class="i4">And crept into light again.</span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">We were amphibians, scaled and tailed,</span>
+<span class="i4">And drab as a dead man’s hand;</span>
+<span class="i0">We coiled at ease ’neath the dripping trees,</span>
+<span class="i4">Or trailed through the mud and sand,</span>
+<span class="i0">Croaking and blind, with our three-clawed feet</span>
+<span class="i4">Writing a language dumb,</span>
+<span class="i0">With never a spark in the empty dark</span>
+<span class="i4">To hint at a life to come.</span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Yet happy we lived, and happy we loved,</span>
+<span class="i4">And happy we died once more;</span>
+<span class="i0">Our forms were rolled in the clinging mold</span>
+<span class="i4">Of a Neocomian shore.</span>
+<span class="i0">The eons came, and the eons fled,</span>
+<span class="i4">And the sleep that wrapped us fast</span>
+<span class="i0">Was riven away in a newer day,</span>
+<span class="i4">And the night of death was past.</span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Then light and swift through the jungle trees</span>
+<span class="i4">We swung in our airy flights,</span>
+<span class="i0">Or breathed in the balms of the fronded palms,</span>
+<span class="i4">In the hush of the moonless nights.</span>
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_77" id="Page_77">[Pg 77]</a></span>
+<span class="i0">And oh! what beautiful years were these,</span>
+<span class="i4">When our hearts clung each to each;</span>
+<span class="i0">When life was filled, and our senses thrilled</span>
+<span class="i4">In the first faint dawn of speech.</span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Thus life by life, and love by love,</span>
+<span class="i4">We passed through the cycles strange,</span>
+<span class="i0">And breath by breath, and death by death,</span>
+<span class="i4">We followed the chain of change.</span>
+<span class="i0">Till there came a time in the law of life</span>
+<span class="i4">When over the nursing sod</span>
+<span class="i0">The shadows broke, and the soul awoke</span>
+<span class="i4">In a strange, dim dream of God.</span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">I was thewed like an Auroch bull,</span>
+<span class="i4">And tusked like the great Cave Bear;</span>
+<span class="i0">And you, my sweet, from head to feet,</span>
+<span class="i4">Were gowned in your glorious hair.</span>
+<span class="i0">Deep in the gloom of a fireless cave,</span>
+<span class="i4">When the night fell o’er the plain,</span>
+<span class="i0">And the moon hung red o’er the river bed,</span>
+<span class="i4">We mumbled the bones of the slain.</span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">I flaked a flint to a cutting edge,</span>
+<span class="i4">And shaped it with brutish craft;</span>
+<span class="i0">I broke a shank from the woodland dank.</span>
+<span class="i4">And fitted it, head and haft,</span>
+<span class="i0">Then I hid me close to the reedy tarn,</span>
+<span class="i4">Where the Mammoth came to drink—</span>
+<span class="i0">Through brawn and bone I drove the stone,</span>
+<span class="i4">And slew him upon the brink.</span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Loud I howled through the moonlit wastes,</span>
+<span class="i4">Loud answered our kith and kin;</span>
+<span class="i0">From west and east to the crimson feast,</span>
+<span class="i4">The clan came trooping in.</span>
+<span class="i0">O’er joint and gristle and padded hoof,</span>
+<span class="i4">We fought, and clawed and tore,</span>
+<span class="i0">And cheek by jowl, with many a growl,</span>
+<span class="i4">We talked the marvel o’er.</span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">I carved the fight on a reindeer bone,</span>
+<span class="i4">With rude and hairy hand,</span>
+<span class="i0">I pictured his fall on the cavern wall</span>
+<span class="i4">That men might understand.</span>
+<span class="i0">For we lived by blood, and the right of might,</span>
+<span class="i4">Ere human laws were drawn,</span>
+<span class="i0">And the age of sin did not begin</span>
+<span class="i4">Till our brutal tusks were gone.</span>
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_78" id="Page_78">[Pg 78]</a></span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">And that was a million years ago,</span>
+<span class="i4">In a time that no man knows;</span>
+<span class="i0">Yet here tonight in the mellow light,</span>
+<span class="i4">We sit at Delmonico’s;</span>
+<span class="i0">Your eyes are deep as the Devon springs,</span>
+<span class="i4">Your hair is dark as jet;</span>
+<span class="i0">Your years are few, your life is new,</span>
+<span class="i4">Your soul untried, and yet—</span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Our trail is on the Kimmeridge clay,</span>
+<span class="i4">And the scarp of the Purbeck flags,</span>
+<span class="i0">We have left our bones in the Bagshot stones,</span>
+<span class="i4">And deep in the Coraline crags;</span>
+<span class="i0">Our love is old, our lives are old,</span>
+<span class="i4">And death shall come amain;</span>
+<span class="i0">Should it come today, what man may say,</span>
+<span class="i4">We shall not live again?</span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">God wrought our souls from the Tremadoc beds</span>
+<span class="i4">And furnished them wings to fly;</span>
+<span class="i0">He sowed our spawn in the world’s dim dawn,</span>
+<span class="i4">And I know that it shall not die.</span>
+<span class="i0">Though cities have sprung above the graves</span>
+<span class="i4">Where the crook-boned men made war,</span>
+<span class="i0">And the ox-wain creaks o’er the buried caves,</span>
+<span class="i4">Where the mummied mammoths are.</span>
+</div><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Then as we linger at luncheon here,</span>
+<span class="i4">O’er many a dainty dish,</span>
+<span class="i0">Let us drink anew to the time when you</span>
+<span class="i4">Were a tadpole and I was a fish.</span>
+</div></div></div>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Ed. Note</span>: Above striking poem is reproduced at the special
+request of a friend.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter">
+    <img src="images/i_078.jpg" alt="" width="250" height="269" />
+</div>
+
+<hr class="chap" />
+<p class="f200"><b>Bargain In Books</b></p>
+
+<div class="blockquot">
+<p>We have a few copies left of the bound volumes of the Jeffersonian
+Magazine for 1907, which we will give away as a premium or sell at a
+greatly reduced price.</p>
+
+<p>As a premium you can secure these two handsome volumes for three
+subscribers to the Weekly or to the Magazine at one dollar each. On
+receipt of your remittance of three dollars we will send you the books.</p>
+
+<p>During the year 1907 Mr. Watson contributed to the Jeffersonian
+Magazine some of the ablest and most thoughtful articles that have come
+from his pen.</p>
+
+<p>The two volumes are well bound, finely illustrated, and contain serial
+stories, fiction and cartoons. They form a pictorial history of the
+world for the year.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="f120"><b>PRICE:<br />Two handsome volumes&emsp;$1.50</b></p>
+
+<p class="f120"><b>PREMIUM:<br />For three subscriptions at one dollar<br />
+each to Magazine or Weekly</b></p>
+
+<hr class="r5" />
+<p class="f200"><b>The Jeffersonians</b></p>
+<p class="f120"><b>Thomson, Ga.</b></p>
+
+<hr class="chap" />
+<p class="f200 u space-below2"><b>New Books by Mr. Watson</b></p>
+
+<div class="blockquot">
+<p><span class="fontsize_200"><b>Waterloo</b></span></p>
+<p class="author"><span class="fontsize_150"><b>$1.50</b></span></p>
+
+<p>This is a thorough and intelligent account of the three days’ struggle.
+Mr. Watson analyzes the characters of the generals in command; he
+describes in detail the positions occupied by the various bodies of
+soldiery, and compares the relative strength and advantage of the
+several positions; he searches, so far as may be, into the motives and
+strategy of the two opposing generals, and he discusses the spirit and
+character of the two armies. Step by step, without haste and with
+unflagging interest, he resolves the confusion, “the shouting and the
+tumult,” to an orderly sequence, a “clear-cut study of cause and
+effect.”</p>
+
+<p>Premium for 3 subscribers to either Jeffersonian, at $1.00 each.</p>
+
+<hr class="r25" />
+<p><span class="fontsize_150"><b>Life and Speeches of Thos. E. Watson</b></span></p>
+<p class="author"><span class="fontsize_150"><b>$1.50</b></span></p>
+
+<p>The Biographical Sketch was written by Mr. Watson, and the Speeches
+selected by him. These include Literary, Labor-Day, Economic and
+Political addresses.</p>
+
+<p>Premium for 3 subscribers to either Jeffersonian, at $1.00 each.</p>
+
+<hr class="r25" />
+<p><span class="fontsize_150"><b>Handbook of Politics and Economics</b></span></p>
+<p class="author"><span class="fontsize_150"><b>$1.00</b></span></p>
+
+<p>Contains platforms and history of political parties in the United
+States, with separate chapters on important legislation, great public
+questions, and a mass of valuable statistical information on social and
+economic matters. Illustrated by original cartoons by Gordon Nye.</p>
+
+<p>Premium for 2 subscribers to either Jeffersonian, at $1.00 each.</p>
+
+<hr class="r25" />
+<p><span class="fontsize_150"><b>Sketches of Roman History</b></span></p>
+<p class="author"><span class="fontsize_150"><b>.50</b></span></p>
+
+<p>The Gracchi, Marius, Sylla, Spartacus, Jugurtha, Julius Caesar,
+Octavius, Anthony and Cleopatra. Pictures the struggle of the Roman
+people against the class legislation and privilege which led to the
+downfall of Rome.</p>
+
+<p>Premium for 1 new subscriber to either Jeffersonian, at $1.00, sent by
+another than the subscriber.</p>
+</div>
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<div class="transnote bbox space-above2">
+<p class="f120 space-above1">Transcriber’s Notes:</p>
+<hr class="r5" />
+<p class="indent">The cover image was created by the transcriber, and is in the public domain.</p>
+<p class="indent">Antiquated spellings were preserved.</p>
+<p class="indent">The illustrations have been moved so that they do not break up
+                  paragraphs and so that they are next to the text they illustrate.</p>
+<p class="indent">Typographical errors have been silently corrected.</p>
+<p class="indent">The <b>Table of Contents</b> was modified to make it agree
+                  with the page numbers.</p>
+</div>
+<div style='display:block; margin-top:4em'>*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK WATSON'S JEFFERSONIAN MAGAZINE, (VOL. III, NO. 1), JANUARY, 1909 ***</div>
+<div style='text-align:left'>
+
+<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'>
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author	nfenwick <nfenwick@pglaf.org>	2025-01-23 09:32:56 -0800
committer	nfenwick <nfenwick@pglaf.org>	2025-01-23 09:32:56 -0800
commit	d314ca82b27e32adb8df2aff46d876a81ef2e8c6 (patch)
tree	2f2df0122756176a5eecee77ed1f0173444def68