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If you are not located in the United States, you -will have to check the laws of the country where you are located before -using this eBook. - -Title: The postage stamps, envelopes, wrappers and post cards of the - North American colonies of Great Britain - -Author: The Philatelic Society - -Release Date: January 07, 2021 [eBook #64233] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: UTF-8 - -Produced by: Charlene Taylor, Adrian Mastronardi, The Philatelic Digital - Library Project and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team - at https://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images - generously made available by The Internet Archive/Canadian - Libraries) - -*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE POSTAGE STAMPS, ENVELOPES, -WRAPPERS AND POST CARDS OF THE NORTH AMERICAN COLONIES OF GREAT BRITAIN *** - - - - - - THE - POSTAGE STAMPS, - ENVELOPES, - Wrappers, and Post Cards - OF THE - NORTH AMERICAN COLONIES OF GREAT BRITAIN. - - With Autotype Illustrations. - - _COMPILED AND PUBLISHED_ - BY - THE PHILATELIC SOCIETY, LONDON. - - (ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.) - - LONDON, 1889. - - - - -PREFACE. - - -Investigation into the history of the various and successive issues of -labels, wrappers, and envelopes connected with the Postal systems of the -British Colonies in North America does not present the difficulties which -had to be surmounted in the case of the Australian Colonies, and perhaps -does not therefore include subject matter of so interesting a character -as that comprised in the recent “Oceania” Catalogue. - -Reference Lists of the North American Colonies have nevertheless been -hitherto crude, as well as deficient, and even incorrect in detail, thus -affording but superficial aid to the Philatelist: and the endeavour of -the Society in the following pages has been to amplify the information -at present in the possession of collectors; and by the collation of -contents of recent papers in Canadian and English journals, as well as by -reference to official gazettes and correspondence, to present as far as -possible a complete history of the Postal Service in these Colonies. - -In this endeavour it has derived a large amount of assistance from the -researches of its late Secretary, Mr. E. D. Bacon, whose Notes at the -head of each Colony were originally intended to have been read as a paper -before the London Society, but which, by the desire of the Committee -entrusted with the revision and publication of the accompanying lists, -he has consented should be amalgamated with them, thus adding to the -completeness of the present work. The Society is also largely indebted to -Mr. Donald A. King for the permission to reproduce the valuable contents -of certain papers he contributed to the _Halifax Philatelist_. - -The lists of Canada and Newfoundland, the only two of the Colonies now -using distinct stamps, have been completed to the end of June, 1889. - -The same mode of illustration by the Autotype process, which proved -successful in the case of the “Stamps of Oceania,” has been adopted on -the present occasion, and is undoubtedly the most satisfactory of all -methods of reproduction in fac-simile which have come under the notice of -the Society. - -_August, 1889._ - - - - -LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS. - - - T. Top. - B. Bottom. - R. Right. - L. Left. - c. cent or cents. - d. dollar, penny, or pence. - s. shilling, or shillings. - - - - -BRITISH COLUMBIA AND VANCOUVER ISLAND. - - -PRELIMINARY NOTES. - -_BY E. D. BACON._ - -Before laying before the members of the Society the few official notices -I have collected in reference to the Stamps of the North American -Colonies, I purpose prefacing what remarks I have to make in each case -with a short _resumé_ of the history of each of the provinces. These -historical particulars are taken for the most part from _The Colonial -Office List for 1889_, and are supplemented by additions from one or two -other works of reference. - -British Columbia is situated on the north-west coast of North America, -and comprises the territory between the Rocky Mountains and the Pacific -Coast; bounded on the north by the 60th parallel, and on the south by -the United States, the average breadth being about 250 miles, and the -length of coast line 450 miles. The area (including Vancouver and Queen -Charlotte Islands) is about 341,000 square miles. - -British Columbia was constituted a Crown Colony in 1858, owing to the -large immigration consequent on the discovery of gold in that year. -Vancouver Island, discovered in 1592 by Juan de Fuca, was leased to the -Hudson’s Bay Company in 1843, and made a Crown Colony in 1819. In 1866 -the colonies of British Columbia and Vancouver Island were united, and -on July 20th, 1871, British Columbia entered the Dominion of Canada. -Vancouver Island is sometimes called QUADRA, after the Spanish commandant -on the coast of the mainland, at the time that the island was visited, in -1792, by the British naval officer, Captain George Vancouver, from whom -it derives its more usual name. - -The earliest issue of _The Government Gazette, British Columbia_, I have -been able to find in this country is that of January 7th, 1865. This -number contains the following notices: - - “PUBLIC NOTICE. - - “_BRITISH COLUMBIA._ - - “RATES OF POSTAGE. - - “Between British Columbia and Vancouver Island, delivered at - Victoria or New Westminster, for each Letter under ½ ounce 3d. - - And for every additional ½ ounce or fractional excess 3d. - - For each Newspaper 1d. - - On all Letters and Papers to or from abroad, and delivered or - mailed at New Westminster, in addition to Foreign Postage, - for each letter under ½ ounce 3d. - - And for every additional ½ ounce or fractional excess 3d. - - For each Newspaper 1d. - - Between a Post Office at any one place in the Colony and a - Post Office at any other place in the Colony, in all cases - to be prepaid, for each Letter under ½ ounce 6d. - - And for every additional ½ ounce or fractional excess 6d. - - For each Newspaper 6d. - - “N.B.—Packages or Parcels other than Newspapers, and not - exceeding 8 ounces in weight, will be charged at Letter rate of - 6d. per ½ ounce. No Parcel can be taken exceeding 8 ounces in - weight. - - “(Signed) WARNER R. SPALDING, _Postmaster-General_. - - “GENERAL POST OFFICE, _8th June, 1864_.” - - “PUBLIC NOTICE. - - “On and after the 20th day of June, 1864, all Letters and mail - matter liable to postage must be prepaid. Until other stamps - shall have been substituted there will be issued for the - prepayment of postage the postage stamps at present in use, - bearing the mark 2½d., for which the sum of 3d. will in future - be charged. - - (Signed) WARNER R. SPALDING, _Postmaster-General_. - - “GENERAL POST OFFICE, _11th June, 1864_.” - -The above no doubt first appeared in _The Gazette_ about the middle -of June, 1864; but, as is customary with similar notices, copies were -published in subsequent numbers, and in this case continued to appear -until the latter end of 1865. Not having been fortunate enough to find -a file of _The Gazette_ for 1861—the year the Two Pence Halfpenny stamp -is said to have been first issued in—I am unable to give the exact day -this stamp came into use. I am inclined to think the stamp was first -solely used to prepay letters sent between New Westminster, the capital -of British Columbia, and Victoria, the capital of Vancouver Island. If -this was so, we see from the first of the above notices that this rate -was raised one halfpenny in June, 1864. It is apparent from the second -notice that whatever distance the old 2½d. rate formerly paid, it was -done away with or raised in the above month, as the stamp was to be -sold at 3d., pending the arrival of a new one bearing the higher value. -Perhaps it is as well for collectors that the idea of surcharging the -Two Pence Half penny stamp 3d. did not enter the Postmaster’s head, or -there is no telling how many varieties we should have had to add to our -albums if the surcharge differed in type, as it probably would have done. -The escape was no doubt due to the fact that at that time surcharges on -stamps were few in number, and most likely altogether unknown to the -Postal authorities of British Columbia. This Two Pence Halfpenny stamp -is certainly admissable into a collection as a provisional Three Pence, -provided it, or the paper it is attached to, is postmarked after June -19th, 1864. Another curious point in connection with the above notices -is to know how the newspaper rate of one penny was prepaid. The second -notice distinctly says, “All Letters and mail matter liable to postage -must be prepaid.... There will be issued for the prepayment of postage -the postage stamps at present in use.” Was this Three Penny provisional -divided in any way like so many of the other North American Colonies -stamps, or was the postage, even in face of the notice, prepaid in coin? -One of these two alternatives naturally suggests itself to have been the -case. I have never seen or heard of a copy of this stamp divided; but -as it could have been only employed for newspapers sent by two special -routes, the use of the stamp would probably be small, and the fact that -it was found upon newspapers alone would account for the disappearance -of specimens. We shall see from the next notice I give that the -provisional Three Penny stamp was in use down to the 1st November, 1865. -This notice is taken from _The Gazette_ for October 21st, 1865, and runs -as follows: - - “NOTICE. - - “GENERAL POST OFFICE, _28th September, 1865._ - - “It having been found necessary to issue a new postage stamp - to meet the requirements of the Postal Ordinance, 1864, notice - is hereby given that from and after the 1st November next the - stamp at present in use will not be received by the Post Office - Department. Persons in possession of the stamp at present - in use may exchange the same on application at any of the - Post-offices of British Columbia on or after the 1st November. - - “(Signed) WARNER R. SPALDING, _Postmaster-General_.” - -The new postage stamp mentioned in the above is obviously the Three -Pence, blue, with large fancy letter “v” and Crown in the centre, which -is catalogued by M. Moens as issued on the 20th June, 1861, the date, we -have seen, the provisional Three Penny stamp came into use. Like that -provisional, I think it is possible the Three Pence, blue, may also have -been divided to prepay the one penny newspaper rate; but future research -will, I hope, definitely determine in each instance whether or not such -was the case. - -The following list of Post-offices, with the names of the Postmasters, -was published in _The Gazette_, for April 14th, 1866. The list is chiefly -interesting as showing upon what a small scale the Postal Service of the -country then was, as at that time there were only sixteen Post-offices -opened throughout the whole colony. - - -LIST OF POST OFFICES IN BRITISH COLUMBIA. - - ----------------------------------+------------------------ - PLACE. | POSTMASTER. - ----------------------------------+------------------------ - New Westminster | W. R. Spalding, P.M.G. - Hope | A. S. Hall. - Douglas | Richard White. - Lillooet | T. H. Sharwood. - Yale | L. Agassiz. - Lytton | W. M. Cochran. - Ashcroft[A] | C. F. Cornwall. - Clinton | J. Champness. - Lake La Hache | W. Anderson. - Soda Creek | J. T. Sanay. - Quesnelmouth | F. Mevor. - Van Winkle | L. Cahn. - William’s Creek | - Fort Shepherd | John Jane. - Columbia River, Big Bend District | - Kootenay | - ----------------------------------+------------------------- - - [A] Ashcroft Post-office is the junction whence mail matter - for Big Bend District will be forwarded. - -On March 20th, 1867, an Act was passed which changed the currency of the -colony to the decimal system of cents and dollars. On March 13th, in the -same year, a new Postal Ordinance Act also became law. The following -clauses are taken from the latter: - - “IX. That on every Letter deposited in, or passing through, - any Post-office in the Colony, and not exceeding half an ounce - in weight, there shall be paid a postage according to the - following scale; that is to say: - - At or between Victoria, or any Post-office in Vancouver - Island and New Westminster, or any Port in the Colony 5 Cents. - - Between Vancouver Island or New Westminster and Clinton - or Savana’s Ferry 12½ Cents. - - Beyond those distances 25 Cents. - - Between any two Post-offices above Yale, Hope, and - Douglas 12½ Cents. - - And for every additional half an ounce, or fraction of half an - ounce beyond the above weight, there shall be paid on each such - Letter an additional postage, according to the foregoing rates. - - “X. That for every single Newspaper deposited in or passing - through any Post-office in the Colony, there shall be paid a - postage of Two Cents.” - -I have been unable to find any notice in _The Gazette_ of the issue of -stamps surcharged with the value in cents, but they probably came into -use at the time the above Act was passed, or shortly afterwards. In -_The Gazette_ for January 18th, 1868, there is a notice giving certain -Postal rates in cents, and stating that “letters, papers, &c., for -Great Britain, Canada, the United States, Prince Edward Island, and -Newfoundland, must be prepaid in the Postage Stamps of the colony.” So -it is evident, from the plural word used, the _Cents_ stamps were then -in use. This set, as we know, consisted of the following values: 2, 5, -10, 25, 50 cents and 1 dollar. It is possible all the values may not have -appeared at once, but they are usually catalogued as one issue. As we -see from Clause X. of the Postal Ordinance 1867 Act, the Two Cents value -prepaid newspapers alone, which accounts for the stamp being so rarely -met with postmarked. Looking at the list of letter rates in Clause IX., -we should expect to find a Twelve and a Half Cents stamp, but, as we -know, no such value was issued. Here again I can only suggest that the -Twenty-five Cents may have been divided, or the Five Cents cut in two, -and used in conjunction with a Ten Cents or two Five Cent stamps to make -up the required rate. The stamps of British Columbia were withdrawn from -use on July 20th, 1871, on the admittance of the colony into the Dominion -of Canada. Mr. N. Shakespeare is the present Postmaster of Victoria. - - -REFERENCE LIST OF THE PHILATELIC SOCIETY, LONDON. - - -Issue I. 1861. - -_One value._ Engraved and type-printed by Messrs. De La Rue and Co., -of London, on white, unwatermarked, slightly-surfaced paper; white -gum. Design: Diademed profile of Queen Victoria to left, on ground of -horizontal lines. Above and below the head are a straight and a curved -label of solid colour—one with convex, and the other with concave ends. -The upper labels are inscribed “BRITISH—COLUMBIA &,” and the lower ones -“VANCOUVERS—ISLAND” respectively, all in small white Roman capitals. -On either side are straight white labels, with rounded ends, inscribed -in coloured Roman capitals—“POSTAGE” on the left, reading upwards; and -“TWO PENCE—HALFPENNY” in two lines on the right, reading downwards. -The remainder of the stamp is filled in with reticulations, and two -outer lines of colour complete the design. Shape, upright rectangular. -(_Illustration 1._) - - (A) _Imperforate._ - - 2½d., rosy-brown. - - (B) _Perforated 14._ - - 2½d., rose, rosy-brown (shades). - -_Remarks._—No postmarked copy of the imperforate variety is known to the -Society. The perforated stamp, although bearing the face value of Two -Pence Halfpenny, was sold at Three Pence, and did duty provisionally for -this latter value from 20th June, 1864, until 1st November, 1865, when it -was replaced by the Three Pence, blue, of the next issue. - - -Issue II. 1st November, 1865. - -_One value._ Engraved and type-printed by Messrs. De La Rue and Co. on -white slightly-surfaced paper, watermarked Crown and CC; white gum; -machine perforated 14. The sheet is composed of 240 stamps, divided into -four panes, each containing sixty stamps, arranged in six horizontal -rows of ten. Design: Ornamental letter “v,” representing “Victoria,” -with heraldic rose inside, thistle on the left, and sprig of shamrock on -the right, surmounted by Gothic crown; is enclosed within a white oval -band, inscribed “BRITISH COLUMBIA POSTAGE” above and “THREE PENCE” below, -the two inscriptions being separated by a star-like ornament at either -side. The remainder of the stamp is filled in with a diaper pattern, the -corners being rounded, and the design is completed by a single outer line -of colour. Shape, upright rectangular. (_Illustration 2._) - - 3d., blue, deep blue. - - -Issue III. 13th March (?), 1867. - -_Six values._ All of the same design, and printed from the same die -as the preceding issue, but with the values in the altered currency, -surcharged in a straight line across the bottom of the stamp. The paper -is white wove, watermarked Crown and CC, and the perforation is 14 or -12½. Like the preceding issue, each sheet contains 240 stamps, which are -similarly disposed. The values are printed as follows: “TWO CENTS,” in -black block type; “5 CENT 5,” in black Roman capitals; “10 CENTS 10,” in -blue Roman capitals; “25 CENTS 25,” in violet Roman capitals; “50 CENTS -50,” in carmine Roman capitals; “1 DOLLAR 1,” in green Roman capitals. -Shape, upright rectangular. (_Illustrations 3, 4, 5._) - - (A) _Perforated 14._ - - 2 c. on 3d., bistre, black surcharge. - 5 c. on 3d., vermilion, black surcharge. - 10 c. on 3d., rose-pink, blue ” - 25 c. on 3d., orange, violet ” - 50 c. on 3d., mauve, carmine ” - 1 d. on 3d., green, green ” - - (B) _Perforated_ 12½. - - 2 c. on 3d., bistre, black surcharge (?). - 5 c. on 3d., vermilion, black surcharge (shades). - 10 c. on 3d., rose-pink, blue ” ( ” ). - 25 c. on 3d., orange, violet ” ( ” ). - 50 c. on 3d., mauve, carmine ” ( ” ). - 1 d. on 3d., green, green ” ( ” ). - -_Remarks._—The Two Cents has not been met with perforated 12½, by the -Society. - - -VANCOUVER ISLAND. - - -Issue I. July, 1865. - -_Two values._ Engraved and type-printed by Messrs. De La Rue and Co. -on white wove paper, watermarked Crown and CC; white gum. Designs: -FIVE CENTS. Diademed profile of Queen Victoria to left, on ground of -horizontal lines, within a circle. Above and below are curved labels -of solid colour, inscribed with white block letters. Conventional -ornaments in spandrels, and outer border filled in with chequers. TEN -CENTS. Same portrait of Her Majesty in circle; straight coloured label -above, inscribed with white block letters; white label with rounded ends -below, with coloured block letters. Floriate ornaments in spandrels. An -outer line of colour completes the design of each value. Shape, upright -rectangular. (_Illustrations 6, 7._) - - T. “VANCOUVER ISLAND.” B. “FIVE CENTS.” “TEN CENTS.” - - (A) _Imperforate._ - - 5 c., rose. - 10 c., blue. - - (B) _Perforated_ 14. - - 5 c., rose (shades). - 10 c., blue ( ” ). - - - - -CANADA. - - -PRELIMINARY NOTES. - -_BY E. D. BACON._ - -Canada is said to have been discovered by Sebastian Cabot in 1497, but -this is not certain. In 1525 the French took possession of the country in -the name of the king of France, and ten years later Cartier explored the -St. Lawrence, so naming that splendid river from having entered it on St. -Lawrence’s Day. - -In 1608 Quebec, the first settlement, was founded. The town succumbed to -the British forces under General Wolfe, and in 1763 the whole territory -of Canada was ceded to Great Britain by the Treaty of Paris. - -In 1791 an Act of Parliament was passed dividing Canada into two -Provinces, Upper Canada (now Ontario) and Lower Canada (now Quebec), -and establishing a constitution for each. The provinces were afterwards -re-united in 1840. - - -THE DOMINION OF CANADA. - -The Provinces of Ontario and Quebec (formerly constituting the Colony -of Canada), New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia, were by “The British North -American Act, 1867,” formed into one Dominion. This Act was brought into -force by Royal Proclamation, bearing date the 27th of May, 1867. On the -15th of July, 1870, the newly-formed province of Manitoba; on the 20th of -July, 1871, the colony of British Columbia; and on the 1st of July, 1873, -that of Prince Edward Island, were successively admitted to the Dominion, -Newfoundland now alone, of all the North American Colonies, retaining its -independence. - -As far as I have been able to discover, Post-office notices relating -to the issue of stamps were not published in _The Canada Gazette_ with -other official matter. The number of _The Gazette_ for March 8th, -1851, contains a long notice, stating that on April 5th following the -management of the Inland Posts would be transferred to the control of the -Provincial Government, and that the new rates of postage would then come -into force. We learn from the report of the Postmaster-General of Great -Britain for 1857 what those rates were; for we read: - - “In 1851 a reduced rate of postage was established. Payment in - advance is optional. - - On ordinary Letters per ½ oz., 3d. - On Letters posted and delivered in the same town each, ½d. - - “Newspapers are conveyed free. - - “Books are charged ½d. per oz., the weight of a single Packet - being limited to 4 lbs.” - -I should add, the local rate of ½d. did not come into use until 1857. -In giving these extracts from the Postmaster-General’s Report, I have -invariably altered the rates to their proper currency value, as they are -given in the list at “about” the sterling equivalent. - -The rates to England in operation on May 1st, 1856, probably earlier, -were: - - Closed mail, _viâ_ U.S., by British Packet, not exceeding ½ oz. 10d. - _Viâ_ Halifax ” ½ oz. 7½d. - By U.S. Packet ” ½ oz. 1s. 5½d. - And on October 1st, 1856, by Canadian Packet ” ½ oz. 7½d. - -We know from the extract from the Report of the Postmaster-General of -Canada for 1851, given further on in the Society’s list, that the first -stamps consisted of a Three Penny, Six Penny, and One Shilling, and that -these three values were issued shortly after April 1st. Taking into -consideration the notice I have mentioned, it seems probable the issue -took place on April 5th, 1851. I can give no new information about any -of the later issues, and I shall conclude my remarks on this province -by giving some postal statistics taken from _The Colonial Office List_, -1889, which prove to what a huge system the Post-office establishment of -the Dominion has grown. We find, however, the present expenditure greatly -exceeds the revenue, owing, I am told, to the desire of the Government to -extend postal facilities as widely as possible. I understand some changes -have been made by an Act passed this year, one of which abolishes the -privilege hitherto granted to Canadian newspapers of free transmission by -post to subscribers from the publishing office. - -The number of letters sent in the year ending 30th June, 1887, was -74,300,000; of post cards, 16,356,000; and of newspapers (other than -those sent from the office of publication, which are all carried free), -periodicals, parcels, &c., 31,160,000. The number of newspapers sent from -the office of publication was about 60,000,000; the number of letters -per head of population was 15.24; the number of offices was 7,534; the -revenue for 1887 was $2,603,255, and the expenditure $3,458,100. There -is weekly mail communication with Great Britain _viâ_ Quebec or Halifax, -and twice a week _viâ_ New York. There is a through daily service by the -Canadian-Pacific Railway to the Pacific Coast. - -The present rates of postage are as follows: - - Letters. Per ½ oz. Newspapers. - Cents. Cents. - Canada and United States 3 ½ each. - Newfoundland 5 ½ each. - Europe, Egypt, the West Indies, and British Guiana 5 1 per oz. - South and West Africa, China, East Indies, - Mauritius, Straits Settlements, South America 10 2 per oz. - Australasia 15 2 per oz. - Ditto, _viâ_ Brindisi 19 3 per oz. - -There is a Parcels Post to Newfoundland, the United States, and Europe. -The present Postmaster-General is the Hon. J. G. Haggart. - - -REFERENCE LIST OF THE PHILATELIC SOCIETY, LONDON. - - -Issue I. 5th (?) April, 1851. - -_Three values._ Engraved and printed in _taille-douce_ by Messrs. -Rawdon, Wright, Hatch, and Edson, of New York, on thin white paper; -laid horizontally in the case of the Three Pence, and vertically in -the other two values; brownish gum. Designs: THREE PENCE.—Beaver on -bank of river; trees in the distance, with sun shining above them; oval -coloured frame, broken at the top by a Royal Crown, beneath which are -heraldic flowers, with “V” on the left and “R” on the right. The oval is -inscribed with white Roman capitals. In each spandrel is an arabesque -and the Arabic numeral of value. Two plain outer lines complete the -design. SIX PENCE.—Nearly full face bust portrait of Prince Albert, in -military uniform, looking to right, within coloured oval, lettered in -white Roman capitals. Heraldic flowers on either side separate the upper -and lower portions of the inscription. Arabesques and Arabic numeral -of value in each spandrel; border of two plain outer lines. TWELVE -PENCE.—Three-quarter face bust portrait of Queen Victoria on ground -of horizontal lines, looking to left, with diadem and necklace within -coloured oval, inscribed in white Roman capitals; a Crown on either side -separating the upper and lower parts of the inscription. Arabesques and -Arabic numerals of value in each spandrel; border of two plain outer -lines. Shapes: small oblong rectangular for the Three Pence; small -upright rectangular for the Six Pence and Twelve Pence. (_Illustrations -8, 9, 10._) - - T. “CANADA POSTAGE.” B. “THREE PENCE,” “SIXPENCE,” “TWELVE PENCE.” - - 3d., vermilion (shades). - 6d., purple-black ( ” ). - 12d., black. - -_Remarks._—In _The Halifax Philatelist_ for July, 1888, a copy of the -official order notifying the issue of these three stamps is given. It is -as follows: - - “P.O. DEPARTMENT. (ORDER NO. 4.) - - “P. O. DEPARTMENT, TORONTO, _1st April, 1851_. - - “_Stamps for Prepayment of Postage on Letters._ - - “Postage Stamps are about to be issued, one representing the - beaver, of the denomination of 3 pence; the second representing - the head of Prince Albert, of the denomination of 6 pence; - and the third representing the head of Her Majesty, of the - denomination of 1 shilling, which will shortly be transmitted - to the postmasters at important points.” - - -Issue II. 1852. - -_Three values._ Identical in type with the preceding, but printed upon -white wove paper. The paper varies considerably in substance, especially -in the Three Penny value, which ranges from stout to nearly pelure. -The latter value is also found printed upon closely-ribbed thin paper. -(_Illustrations 8, 9, 10._) - - (A) _Wove paper._ - - 3d., vermilion, orange-vermilion (shades). - 6d., black, olive-black, dull purple, dull violet (shades). - 12d., black. - - (B) _Closely-ribbed thin paper._ - - 3d., vermilion. - -_Remarks._—The Twelve Pence has not been catalogued before as found upon -wove paper, but undoubted used copies have been seen by members of the -Society. - - -Issue III. 1855-57. - -_Three values._ Engraved and printed in _taille-douce_ by Messrs. -Rawdon, Wright, Hatch, and Edson on white wove or closely-ribbed -paper; brownish gum. Designs: TEN PENCE.—Profile bust portrait of -Jacques Cartier to right, on ground of horizontal lines, within an -oval, coloured border, inscribed with white Roman capitals. A cluster -of leaves on the left and a beaver on the right separate the upper -inscription from the lower; cross-hatched spandrels. In the upper “8d. -STG.,” or sterling; in the lower “10 CY.,” or currency, in white. Outer -border of two plain, coloured lines. SEVEN PENCE HALFPENNY.—The same -portrait of Queen Victoria as in the Twelve Pence of the first issue, -within coloured oval frame, inscribed with white block letters, the -upper inscription now reading “CANADA PACKET POSTAGE.” The upper and -lower left spandrels are inscribed “6d. STG.,” or sterling; and the -upper and lower right spandrels “7½d. CY.,” or currency, all in white, -on coloured cross-hatched ground. Outer border of two plain lines. -HALFPENNY.—Diademed profile of Queen Victoria to left, on ground of -horizontal lines, in oval frame, lettered with white Roman capitals; -reticulated spandrels; outer border of two plain lines. Shape, small -upright rectangular. (_Illustrations 11, 12, 13._) - - T. “CANADA POSTAGE.” B. “TEN PENCE,” “SIX PENCE STERLING,” “ONE - HALF PENNY.” - - (A) _Wove paper._ - - 1st April, 1855, 10d., Prussian-blue (shades). - 2nd June, 1857, 7½d., grass-green ( ” ). - 18th July, 1857, ½d., rose ( ” ). - - (B) _Closely-ribbed thin paper._ - - ½d., rose. - -_Remarks._—Two _soi-disant_ provisionals have been chronicled; viz., the -Halfpenny surcharged in black—one with an Arabic numeral “1,” and the -other with “8d. STG.” The Society can furnish no information concerning -these two stamps; but supposing the surcharges to be genuine, they are -probably only notifications of insufficient postage applied after the -letters were posted. - -With regard to the portrait on the Ten Pence, tradition has always -assigned it to Jacques Cartier; but in the Catalogue of the Collection -of Stamps, &c., in the Museum at the Berlin Post Office, it is given -as that of Sebastian Cabot. However, as the same catalogue pronounces -the portrait on the Six Pence of issue I. to be that of Lord Elgin, -it is probably equally incorrect in the former case, more especially -as a writer in _The Halifax Philatelist_ for July, 1888, says “it is -identically the same as that of all the existing portraits of Jacques -Cartier, and totally unlike those existing of Sebastian Cabot.” - -In the same article on _Canadian Stamps_ in _The Halifax Philatelist_ an -extract from the Postmaster-General’s Report for the year 1855 is given, -showing us the reason for the issue of the Ten Pence value. It was, “To -promote the general convenience in prepaying letters to Great Britain at -the new rate, postage stamps of the value of 10 pence currency, equal to -8 pence sterling, were procured and issued for sale.” The same article -gives the following extracts from the Postmaster-General’s Report for -1857: “To facilitate the prepayment of letters passing from Canada to -England by the Canadian steamers, a new stamp bearing the value of 6 -pence sterling, or 7½ pence currency, being the Canadian Packet rate, -has been secured and put in circulation.” The article goes on to say, -“This stamp was rendered necessary on account of the contract between -the Canadian Government and the Allan Line of Steamers in regard to -carrying the mails, and by which contract the postage was reduced.” The -other extracts read: “A new stamp has also been introduced of the value -½ penny to serve as the medium for prepaying transient newspapers.” -“Moreover, the Department has been led by the increasing use of postage -stamps to take measures for obtaining the Canadian Postage Stamps on -sheets perforated in the dividing line in the manner adopted in England, -to facilitate the separation of a single stamp from the others on a sheet -when required for use.” - - -Issue IV. 1857. - -_Three values._ Previously described, but machine-perforated. -(_Illustrations 8, 9, 13._) - - (A) _Laid paper. Perforated 12._ - - 6d., dull purple. - - (B) _Closely-ribbed thin paper. Perforated 12._ - - ½d., rose. - 3d., vermilion. - - (C) _Wove paper. Perforated 12._ - - ½d., rose (shades) - 3d., vermilion (shades) - 6d., violet-black (shades). - - _Sub-variety. Perforated 13._ - - 3d., vermilion. - -_Remarks._—The Seven Pence Halfpenny, green, and Ten Pence, blue, -perforated, exist in the collection of a well-known Parisian collector. -The authenticity, however, of the perforations appears to be doubtful. - - -Issue V. 1st July, 1859, and 1st August, 1864. - -_Six values._ Printed by the American Bank Note Co., and consisting of -the previous designs, slightly modified in order to change the currency -from pence, to cents. ONE CENT.—The same as the One Halfpenny, save -for the alteration in value. TWO CENTS.—Almost the same design as -the One Cent, but differing somewhat in the spandrels, each of which -contains an oval, with Arabic numeral of value. This stamp was not -issued until 1st August, 1864. FIVE CENTS.—Same design as the Three -Pence, with substitution of the new value and numerals of value and -small ornaments between the two portions of the inscriptions. Spandrels -cross-hatched. TEN CENTS.—Same design as the Sixpence, with substitution -of the new value, and the Roman numeral “X” in each spandrel. TWELVE -AND A HALF CENTS.—Same design as the Seven Pence Halfpenny of 1857, -with substitution of the new value in the spandrels only. SEVENTEEN -CENTS.—Same design as the Ten Pence of 1835, with substitution of the -new value in the oval, and in the lower spandrels. The leaves and -beaver which separate the inscription in the Ten Pence are replaced by -small oval ornaments. The paper of this issue varies considerably in -substance, and the perforation is 12. Shapes: small oblong rectangular -for the Five Cents; small upright rectangular for the other five values. -(_Illustrations 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19._) - - 1 c., rose (shades). - 2 c., ” (shades). - 5 c., vermilion (shades). - 10 c., brown, black-brown, brown-lilac, reddish-lilac, purple (many - shades). - 12½ c., green, emerald-green (shades). - 17 c., Prussian-blue (shades). - -_Varieties._—(A) The Five Cents has been met with imperforate. (B) The -Five Cents is also known cut in half and used with a Ten Cents to make up -the “packet” rate of 12½ Cents. - - -ENVELOPES. - -_Two values._ On paper laid obliquely, watermarked “Ca” above “P.O.D.” -(Canadian Post Office Department?), in double-lined letters, repeated -twice in each envelope. Size, 5½ × ¼ inches. Yellowish gum, extending -nearly the length of the flap. The stamp is embossed in the right upper -corner. Design: Diademed head of Queen Victoria to left in white relief, -on ground of solid colour, enclosed within a narrow oval band inscribed -in Roman capitals, in white relief, “CANADA POSTAGE” at the top, and -the value in words at the bottom. Shape of stamp, small upright oval. -(_Illustrations 20, 21._) - - (A) _On yellowish-white laid paper. Flap rounded._ - - 5 c., vermilion. - 10 c., brown. - - (B) _On bluish-white laid paper. Flap more pointed than in Variety A._ - - 5 c., vermilion. - 10 c., brown (l) - - -THE DOMINION OF CANADA. - - -Issue I. March and April, 1868. - -_Seven values._ Engraved and printed in _taille-douce_ by the -British-American Bank Note Company, of Montreal and Ottawa, on white -wove paper, varying greatly in substance, or on white laid paper; white -gum; machine perforated 12. Designs: The central design is the same -in each value, and consists of a diademed profile portrait of Queen -Victoria to right, on background of horizontal lines, enclosed within a -narrow circular white line. The borders, the shape of the labels, and -the position of the numerals, vary in each value. Shapes, small upright -rectangular for the Half Cent, large upright rectangular for the other -six values. (_Illustrations 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28._) - - T. “CANADA POSTAGE.” B. “HALF CENT,” “ONE CENT,” “TWO,” - “THREE,” “SIX,” “TWELVE AND A HALF,” “FIFTEEN CENTS.” - - (A) _White wove paper._ - - ½ c., black. - 1 c., brown-red (shades). - 1 c., orange-yellow ( ” ). - 2 c., green, yellow-green ( ” ). - 3 c., red ( ” ). - 6 c., brown ( ” ). - 12½ c., blue ( ” ). - 15 c., lilac ( ” ). - - (B) _White horizontal laid paper._ - - 1 c., brown-red. - 1 c., yellow. - 3 c., red (shades). - - (C) _Bluish-white wove paper._ - - ½ c., black. - -_Remarks._—The One Cent, yellow, on laid paper, is not known to the -Society. It is taken from _The Halifax Philatelist_ for July, 1888, -page 74. Some of the stamps on wove paper have been catalogued with a -watermark, consisting of various letters. It is probable these letters -are portions of the name of the papermaker, which most likely exists in -the margin of the sheets. The Half Cent, on bluish paper, is taken from -the sixth edition of M. Moens’ _Catalogue_. - - -Issue II. 1870-1874. - -_Five values_.—Engraved and printed in _taille-douce_ by the -British-American Bank Note Company on white wove paper, varying in -substance; white gum; machine perforated 12. The entire sheets contain -100 stamps, each in ten rows of ten. The size of the stamps and the -designs are similar to that of the Half Cent of the preceding issue, -except as regards the borders of the stamps, which differ for each -value. The Six Cents was not issued until January, 1872; while the Ten -Cents did not make its appearance until the end of 1874. (_Illustrations -29, 30, 31, 32, 33._) - - 1 c., orange, yellow (shades). - 2 c., green, yellow-green (shades). - 3 c., vermilion, red, rose, vermilion-red (shades). - 6 c., brown (shades). - 10 c., lilac-rose (shades). - - _Varieties._ - - (A) 3 c., imperforate, - (B) 5 c., perf. 13½ × 12. - -_Remarks._—_The Halifax Philatelist_, in its number for February, 1887, -mentions that the Three Cents exists in very dark brown, almost black. -The specimen seen was unused, and purchased among others from the Post -Office. Probably the change in colour is due to oxidation, or some other -accidental cause. - - -Issue III. 1875-1876. - -_One Value._ Similar in design to the stamps of the two last issues. -The stamp first appeared on October 1st, 1875, with large dimensions, -like those of Issue I.; but in March, 1876, the size was reduced to that -of the stamps of Issue II. The perforation of both varieties is 12. -(_Illustrations 34, 35._) - - (A) _Large size._ - - 5 c., bronze-green (shades). - - (B) _Small size._ - - 5 c., bronze-green (shades). - - -Issue IV. 1877-1880. - -_One value._ The Fifteen Cents of Issue I. printed in modified colours. -The perforation remains 12. (_Illustration 28._) - - January, 1877. 15 c., grey-violet (shades). - End 1880. 15 c., slate ( ” ). - - -Issue V. July, 1882. - -_One value._ A Half Cent stamp of similar design to that of Issue I., -but of much smaller dimensions; printed upon white wove paper, and -perforated 12. The stamp was produced by the same firm as the preceding -issues, and the sheet contains 100 stamps, in ten rows of ten, as before. -(_Illustration 36._) - - ½ c., black. - - -Issue VI. 1888. - -_Three values._ Consisting of the Two and Ten Cents, Issue II., and -the Five Cents, issued in March, 1876, with the colours modified. The -Two Cents was described in the Philatelic journals of the above year -as printed from a new die, but on comparing the stamp carefully with -that first issued, no alteration can be discovered in the design. -(_Illustrations 30, 35, 33._) - - 2 c., emerald-green (shades). - 5 c., greenish-grey ( ” ). - 10 c., carmine-red ( ” ). - - -REGISTRATION STAMPS. - - -Issue I. November 15th, 1875. - -_Three values._ Engraved and printed in _taille-douce_ by the -British-American Bank Note Co. on white wove paper; white gum; -machine-perforated 12. Design: an engine-turned _cartouche_, with -scalloped edges at top and bottom, and labels, with value in full, at -the two ends. Small straight label above inscribed “CANADA;” large -curved label in centre, with “REGISTERED,” and smaller curved label -below, with “LETTER STAMP,” all in white Roman capitals. Large Arabic -numeral of value in the upper corners. Shape, narrow oblong rectangular. -(_Illustration 37._) - - 2 c., orange-vermilion (shades). - 2 c., brown (error?). - 2 c., vermilion-red, 1888 ( ” ). - 5 c., green, yellow-green ( ” ). - 8 c., blue, dark blue ( ” ). - - _Variety._ - - 5 c., green, imperforate. - -_Remarks_.—The Eight Cents was withdrawn from circulation in January, -1878. The Five Cents imperforate is taken from _The Halifax Philatelist_ -for November, 1888. With regard to the much disputed Two Cents, brown, -the members of the Society think they cannot do better than reproduce -here the interesting article published in the above-mentioned paper for -January, 1888, upon this stamp. - - “THE CANADIAN ERROR. - - “The Canada Two Cent brown registration, is at this time - mentioned frequently in the _Figaro_ and several other - philatelic publications. As there seems to be considerable - doubt as to the origin, and as I was in the main instrumental - in introducing them to the philatelic public, I have decided to - give the information I possess on this subject to them. - - “About the beginning of January, 1887, I was shown a registered - letter received from Miscou Lighthouse Post-office, in New - Brunswick. It had a BROWN Two Cent registration stamp on - it—a clear unmistakable dark brown. I immediately wrote the - postmaster there for information relative to them. He answered - and said that he had twenty-three on hand; that he had - originally received fifty from the Post Office Department at - Ottawa; and that they were BROWN when he received them. This he - stated positively. I then sent to him for them, but before my - letter reached him he had used two of them, so that I received - only twenty-one. - - “Those stamps I showed to several philatelists, and could not - get two to agree as to their origin. Some said the change in - colour was due to the gum, others to chemical changes, others - again said it was due to the atmosphere from the salt water. - Very few would allow a misprint. In the meantime Mr. F. C. Kaye - came across another registered letter with brown registration - stamp. This time it was from the Post-office of New Ross, in - Lunenburg Co., N.S. From this office about fifty were obtained. - The postmaster at this office was also positive as to having - received them from the Department at Ottawa in brown. The - same objections were raised to those as to the others, as to - whether they were genuine misprints or not. In this case the - atmosphere of salt water was not the cause, as New Ross is - in the interior. If the gum was the cause of their changing - colour, it is peculiar we do not get more of them. Changes by - chemical means were also tried. The only thing which would turn - the red of the genuine colour to brown was sulphuric acid mixed - with water, and this did not give a good clear colour, having - a somewhat greyish shade in it. Those experiments have, in my - opinion, confirmed their genuineness. And now as if to make - assurance in regard to their genuineness more sure, we find a - third Post-office with them. This was Beauly, in Antigonish - Co., N.S. There were, however, only six received from there. - The postmaster had the same story as the others—he had received - them from the Department at Ottawa in a brown colour. - - “After reading this, I do not think that any reasonable-minded - person will doubt their genuineness. - - “The Department at Ottawa was written to in regard to them, - but, as was to be expected, knew nothing of them whatsoever. No - doubt if they had been seen they would not have been allowed to - be issued to the public. - - “We do not deny that time does change the colour in stamps, - but with those we do not think that it had anything to do. A - friend of ours informed us that in looking over a lot of old - letters which he had taken out of a trunk, and which had not - been opened for several years, he found among them several - registered letters, one with the Two Cent registration stamp - almost a black, all the others having their normal colour. With - due consideration and deference to better judges than myself, - I have no doubt in saying that it is my firm belief that those - Canada Two Cent, brown, registration stamps are a genuine - misprint. - - “DONALD A. KING.” - -The members have not had an opportunity of examining any of the specimens -referred to in Mr. King’s paper, so they are unable to give an opinion -upon them. At the same time it should be stated that copies of this -stamp are frequently met with showing traces of oxidation; some changed -completely to brown or even black in colour. It seems therefore probable -that the specimens described by Mr. King may be referred to the same -category. - - -OFFICIAL STAMP FOR RETURNED LETTERS. - - -1879 (?). - -The stamp in shape is a large oblong rectangular, printed in -_taille-douce_ upon white wove paper, and perforated 12. The design -consists of a straight label of solid colour inscribed, in white block -letters, “OFFICIALLY SEALED;” above this are the words “POST OFFICE -CANADA,” in a curved line; and below the label “DEAD LETTER OFFICE,” also -in a curve, both inscriptions being in small coloured Roman capitals. The -rest of the design is composed of engine-turning, with ornaments of a -trefoil character in the four corners. (_Illustration 38._) - - Without expressed value; dark red-brown. - -_Remarks._—The only information the Society can give about this stamp is -contained in an article in _The Halifax Philatelist_ for December, 1887, -which is reproduced here for the benefit of those collectors who may not -have seen it. - - “THE ‘OFFICIALLY SEALED’ DEAD LETTER OFFICE STAMP OF CANADA. - - “While endeavouring to afford some information about those - interesting and handsome adhesives emanating only from the Dead - Letter Office at Ottawa, I regret being unable to give all - their history or chronology. What is said here the writer has - gained his knowledge by observation and experience. Doubtless - there are others who can speak of matters connected with these - stamps which the writer knows nothing of. In the first place - they are scarce, very, which is to be accounted for when we - consider the manner of their use. They are never found on - Local Dead Letters, registered or unregistered. What have been - seen here have all come from the United States, and always on - returned dead registered letters. I discovered the manner of - their use quite accidentally. A friend who travels in Canada - for a United States firm showed me a letter which had been - returned to his address in Michigan, and which he had posted in - Canada for a Canadian address, and registered; and for some - reason, misdirection or what not, the letter was not delivered - to party addressed—had been sent to Dead Letter Office, Ottawa, - where, on being opened to ascertain address of writer, it was - resealed and adorned by Dead Letter Office Crown Official Seal - Stamp, sent to Dead Letter Office, Washington, U.S., and then - sent on registered to the writer’s address in Michigan, where - he obtained it, and exhibited it triumphantly to me. - - “The stamp itself is a large oblong, 17 × 34, perforated, and - printed in brown, on thick white paper. Inscribed in three - lines, ‘POST OFFICE, CANADA—OFFICIALLY SEALED—DEAD LETTER - OFFICE.’ - - “It would be appropriate to have the colour of the stamp - _black_. - - “No. 2, C. P. A.” - - -ENVELOPES. - - -Issue I. End of 1877. - -_Two values._ On white paper, laid obliquely, without watermark; -yellowish gum, extending nearly the whole length of the flap, which -is pointed. The stamp is embossed in the right upper corner. Design: -Diademed head of Queen Victoria to left in white relief, on ground of -solid colour, enclosed by an oval band inscribed in Roman capitals, in -white relief, “CANADA POSTAGE” at the top, and the value in words at the -bottom. Shape of stamp, large upright oval. (_Illustrations 39, 40._) - - _Size A._ 5⁹⁄₂₀ × 3¹⁄₁₀ _inches_. - - 1 c., very pale to very dark blue. - 3 c., vermilion (shades). - - _Size B._ 5⁹⁄₁₀ × 3³⁄₁₀ _inches_. - - 3 c., vermilion (shades). - - -Issue II. 1881. - -_Two values._ Similar in all respects to the last issue, except that the -flap is tongue-shaped, instead of being pointed. (_Illustrations 39, 40._) - - _Size A._ 5⁹⁄₂₀ × 3¹⁄₁₀ _inches_. - - 1 c., blue (shades). - 3 c., vermilion (shades). - - _Size B._ 5⁹⁄₁₀ × 3³⁄₁₀ _inches_. - - 3 c., vermilion (?). - - -Issue III. 1888. - -_Two values._ Same as the last issue, but the paper is rosy-white in -tint. (_Illustrations 39, 40._) - - _Size A._ 5⁹⁄₂₀ × 3¹⁄₁₀ _inches_. - - 1 c., blue. - 3 c., vermilion (?). - - _Size B._ 5⁹⁄₁₀ × 3³⁄₁₀ _inches_. - - 3 c., vermilion. - -_Remarks._—The envelopes and wrappers of Issues I. and II., and the cards -of Issue V., are frequently met with, with the stamp surcharged in red, -blue, or black with the word “OFFICIAL” or “SERVICE,” and sometimes the -arms of Great Britain are found added to the left of the stamp, and “HEAD -QUARTERS—63RD RIFLES” in two lines lower down, to left. These surcharges -are in no way official, but merely due to private speculation. - - -WRAPPERS. - - -Issue I. May, 1875, to end 1881. - -_One value._ On light buff and yellowish-white wove unwatermarked paper. -The stamp is impressed at the right side of the wrapper, about two and a -half inches from the top. Design: Diademed profile of Queen Victoria to -right upon a background of horizontal lines, enclosed within an oval band -of solid colour contained between two white lines, the inner one of which -has ornaments running round the central oval. The band is inscribed in -Roman capitals “CANADA POSTAGE” above, and “ONE CENT” below. At either -side, between the two inscriptions, are small circles containing a fancy -Arabic numeral of value. Above and below the circles are conventional -ornaments, and beneath the bottom ones a small Maltese cross. Shape of -stamp, an upright oval. The wrappers are gummed at the reverse side in a -straight line along the top. The gum used is brown or white in colour, -and the quantity employed varies greatly in different specimens. Two -sizes of the wrappers are known. (_Illustration 41._) - - _Size A._ 9³⁄₁₀ × 5 _inches_. - - 1 c., dark blue. - - _Size B._ 11 × 5 _inches_. (End 1881.) - - 1 c., blue (light to dark). - - _Variety._ With the stamp printed to left. (May, 1878.) - - 1 c., dark blue. - -_Remarks._—The band with stamp to left is taken from _The Sixth Edition -of M. Moens’ Catalogue_, where the size is given as 290 × 165 mm. This -variety is unknown to the members of the Society. - - -Issue II. 1882. - -_One value._ On light buff, straw, or cream-coloured wove unwatermarked -paper. Size, 11 × 5 inches, varying slightly in the dimensions. The -stamp is impressed in a similar position to that found on Issue I., and -the design is a modification of the type of that issue. The principal -alterations made are found in the circles at the sides containing the -numeral of value. These have now no ornaments at the top; while those at -the bottom, with the Maltese crosses, are replaced by other conventional -ornaments of a different pattern. The central oval of the stamp has no -ornaments running round it. (_Illustration 42._) - - (A) _On light buff paper._ - - 1 c., pale blue. - - (B) _On straw paper._ - - 1 c., blue (shades). - - (C) _On cream paper._ - - 1 c., ultramarine (shades). - - -Issue III. 1887. - -_One value._ On cream or straw wove unwatermarked paper, of the same -dimensions as the preceding issue. The design of the stamp is once again -modified. It is more like that found on the wrapper of Issue I., but -there is no wavy line round the interior of the oval, and the numeral -of value in the circles has a white line at either side of the figure. -(_Illustration 43._) - - (A) _On cream paper._ - - 1 c., ultramarine (shades). - - (B) _On straw paper._ - - 1 c., ultramarine (shades). - - -OFFICIAL WRAPPER. - -_One value_, consisting of the wrapper of Issue I., size A, with -inscription to the left of the stamp in three lines as follows: First, -“INLAND REVENUE, CANADA,” in fancy letters, with capital initials; -second, “WEIGHTS & MEASURES SERVICE,” in tall thin Roman capitals; third, -“_Official Circular_,” in italic letters. There is an ornamental wavy -line between the first and second, and second and third lines. Lower -down to left is the word “TO,” followed by two ruled straight lines, the -bottom one being somewhat shorter than the other. Beneath these lines -for the address is the following notice, “This band is to be used on Her -Majesty’s Service only, and must have no writing thereon but the name and -address.” At the top of the wrapper the equivalent French translation of -the preceding inscriptions is given. The whole of the legend is printed -in blue, of a lighter shade than the stamp. (_Illustration 41._) - - 1 c., dark blue. - -_Remarks._—The wrappers of Issues I. and II. are found with the stamp -surcharged across the centre with the word “OFFICIAL” or “SERVICE,” -in black or blue ink. See the remarks appended to Issue III. of the -envelopes. - - -POST CARDS. - - -Issue I. June (?), 1871. - -_One value._—Designed and printed by the British-American Bank Note -Company upon light buff card; size, 4½ × 3 inches. At the top are two -lines of inscription. First, “CANADA POST CARD,” in Roman capitals; -second, “THE ADDRESS ONLY TO BE WRITTEN ON THIS SIDE,” in block letters. -Lower down are three ruled lines, diminishing in length, and the first is -headed by the word “TO” in fancy script type. Between the last line and -the frame at the bottom of the card, in the centre, is “British-American -Bank Note Co., Montreal and Ottawa,” in small type. The stamp is in -the right upper corner. Design: Diademed head of Queen Victoria to -right, upon ground of horizontal lines, within a dotted circle, which -is surrounded by an ornamental frame. The corners are filled in with -horizontal lines, and in the centre of each is a small trilobed figure -with three balls within a circle. At the bottom of the stamp is a -straight label of solid colour, with rounded ends, inscribed “ONE CENT,” -in Roman capitals. The card is completed by an engine-turned frame; size, -4⅓ × 2½ inches. The inscription and the label of value at the bottom of -the stamp are in darker colour than the rest of the design. The cards are -separated on the sheet by thin coloured lines running the whole length of -the cards. (_Illustration 44._) - - 1 c., pale to deep blue. - - -Issue II. 1876. - -_One value._ Similar to Issue I., but the inscription at the bottom of -the card is altered to “British-American Bank Note Co., Montreal,” and -the cards are separated on the sheet by short lines of colour at the -centre of the sides of the cards. (_Illustration 44._) - - 1 c., pale to deep blue. - - -Issue III. 1st January, 1877. - -_One value._ Designed and printed by the British-American Bank Note -Company upon light buff card; size, 4⁷⁄₁₀ × 3 inches. The inscription -is in four lines at the top of the card. First, “CANADA POST CARD,” in -ornamental Roman capitals, arched; second, “TO;” third, “UNITED KINGDOM,” -in italic Roman capitals; fourth, “THE ADDRESS ONLY,” &c., in block -letters. Lower down “TO,” in fancy script type, and three dotted lines -for the address. At the centre of the card at the bottom, in small type, -is “British-American Bank Note Co., Montreal.” The stamp is in the right -upper corner. Design: The design resembles the stamp on Issue I., but -the circle containing the head is enclosed by a plain line. The corners -are differently filled in, and the label of value is more ornamented. -The frame of the card is composed of three-quarter discs, with larger -ornaments of a different nature at the four corners; size, 1³⁄₁₀ × 2⅗ -inches. (_Illustration 45._) - - 2 c., yellow-green (shades). - - -Issue IV. July (?), 1879. - -_One value._ Similar in all respects to the last issue, except as -regards the inscription and stamp. The inscription is in three lines, as -follows: 1st, “UNION POSTALE UNIVERSELLE,” each word commencing with a -Roman capital; 2nd, “CANADA POST CARD,” in Roman capitals, the initial -letter of each word being in larger type than the rest; 3rd, “THE ADDRESS -ONLY,” &c., in block letters. The stamp is larger, and above and below -the circle containing the head are small arched labels of solid colour, -inscribed “CANADA” and “POSTCARD” respectively in Roman capitals. The -label containing the value is larger, and the remainder of the design is -different. (_Illustration 46._) - - 2 c., yellow-green (shades). - - -Issue V. June, 1882. - -_One value._ Impressed upon light buff card. Size, 5¹⁄₁₀ × 2⁹⁄₁₀ inches. -At the top of the card is an arched scroll, inscribed “CANADA POST CARD,” -in coloured Roman capitals; and below this, in a straight line measuring -2¹⁷⁄₂₀ inches, “THE ADDRESS TO BE WRITTEN ON THIS SIDE,” in block -letters. The stamp, type of that on the wrapper of Issue II., is placed -in the right upper corner. The card is without frame. (_Illustration 47._) - - 1 c., ultramarine (shades). - 1 c., blue ( ” ). - - -Issue VI. 1888. - -_One value._ Printed upon light buff card as last, but the stamp is -replaced by one of the same type as that found on the wrapper of Issue I. - - 1 c., blue. - -_Remarks._—This card has not been seen by the Society. It is taken from -the third supplement in M. Moens’ Catalogue. - - -Issue VII. 1888. - -_One value._ Impressed upon light buff card, like the previous issue; but -the stamp is similar in type to that found upon the wrappers of Issue -III. The line of directions, “THE ADDRESS TO BE WRITTEN ON THIS SIDE,” -measures only 2¾ inches. (_Illustration 48._) - - 1 c., blue (shades). - -_Remarks._—In 1887 several of the _Philatelic Journals_ described another -variety of the One Cent card, having the inscription at the top of the -_stamp_ altered to “CANADA POST CARD” in place of “CANADA POSTAGE.” The -reply card was also said to have been issued with the same modification -in the stamp. Neither of these cards is known to the Society, and their -existence has since been denied. - - -REPLY PAID CARDS. - - -Issue I. December 20th, 1882. - -_One value._ Precisely similar to the single card of Issue V., except -that the second half has the word “REPLY” in block letters beneath the -scroll. The cards are folded along the top, and the design is impressed -upon the first and third pages. - - 1 c. + 1 c., slate-blue. - - -Issue II. 1885. - -_One value._ Similar to the last issue, but the stamps are impressed in -the left upper corners of the cards. - - 1 c. + 1 c., slate-blue. - - -Issue III. 1888. - -_One value._ Corresponding in all respects to Issue VII. of the single -cards; but the second half has the word “REPLY” in block letters beneath -the scroll. The cards are folded along the top, and the design is -impressed upon the first and third pages. - - 1 c. + 1 c., greenish-black. - - -OFFICIAL CARD. - -For the use of the _Customs Postal Package Office_ for notifying to -the _adressè_ the arrival of a package liable to duty. A notice form -is printed at the back of the card in black, with spaces left for the -particulars to be inserted by hand. The face of the card has nothing -whatever upon it. - - Without expressed value. Black on buff. - -_Remarks._—The cards of Issue V. are met with, with the stamp surcharged -“OFFICIAL” or “SERVICE,” &c. &c.; but, as stated in the remarks after -Issue III. of the envelopes, the surcharges are in no way official. - - - - -NEW BRUNSWICK. - - -PRELIMINARY NOTES. - -_BY E. D. BACON._ - -New Brunswick is situated between 45° 5′ and 48° 5′ N. lat., and 63° -47′ and 67° 53′ W. long.; its area is about 27,105 square miles. It is -connected with Nova Scotia by a low isthmus. New Brunswick, in the early -part of the last century, belonged to the French, and was called by them -New France. At the peace of 1763 New Brunswick, with the rest of Canada, -was ceded by France to Great Britain, and was annexed to Nova Scotia -until 1785, when it was erected into a separate colony. It was first -colonized by British subjects in 1761, and in 1783 by disbanded troops -from New England. - -We learn from the following notice, which appeared in _The Royal -Gazette_, published at Fredericton, New Brunswick, on September 10th, -1851, that the introduction of postage stamps into this colony took place -on September 6th of that year: - - “NOTICE TO THE PUBLIC. - - “A SUPPLY of POSTAGE STAMPS has been received from England, and - will be on sale at this office on and after Friday next, the - 6th September. They are of the respective colours and values as - under; viz.: - - _Scarlet_ Three Pence. - _Yellow_ Six Pence. - _Pink_ One Shilling. - - “Supplies will be immediately forwarded to all Postmasters - throughout the Province, and through them to the Way Office - Keepers, from whom the Public will be able to obtain them at - cost prices in any quantities they may require. - - “N.B.—The postage stamps should be affixed to the _face_, or - direction side of the Letter, at the right hand upper corner. - - “(Signed) J. HOWE, _Postmaster-General_. - - “GENERAL POST OFFICE, ST. JOHN, _1st September, 1851_.” - -Besides giving us the exact day the stamps came into use, the above -notice is interesting as proving which shade of the One Shilling was -first issued. One would hardly call any of the stamps of this value -_pink_, as officially designated, but the majority of them are a -pinkish-mauve; and these were undoubtedly the stamps referred to in the -notice, while the darker shades of mauve, or dull violet, are those of -later printings. - -The Report of the Postmaster-General of Great Britain for 1857 furnishes -us with a list of the Postal rates of the Colony in force at the time of -the introduction of postage stamps. It says: - - “In 1842 and 1851 measures were successively introduced for the - establishment of a low rate of postage. - - On Letters not exceeding ½ oz. 3d. - Above ½ oz. and not exceeding 1 oz. 6d. - - And so on, 3d. being charged for every additional ½ oz. - - “There is an additional charge of 1d. (1½ currency?) each on - Letters delivered at St. John and Fredericton, the only places - where letter carriers are employed. - - “Newspapers are conveyed free. - - “On Books, &c., the charge is as follows, prepayment being - compulsory: - - For a single volume, not exceeding ½ lb. in weight 7½d. - Above ½ lb. and not exceeding 1 lb. 1s. 3d. - Above 1 lb. and not exceeding 2 lbs. 2s. 6d. - - And so on, according to the English scale of weight.” - -Mr. John Howe held the position of Postmaster-General until May 30th, -1856, when an Act came into force which made the office a political one. -Mr. Francis M’Phelim was then appointed in his place, and Mr. Howe became -Postmaster of the city of St. John on June 12th in that year. Mr. F. -M’Phelim resigned office on June 8th, 1857, and was succeeded by Mr. John -Mercer Johnson, jun. The latter resigned on November 2nd, 1858, when Mr. -Charles Connell took office. Mr. Connell resigned on May 19th, 1860, and -was succeeded by Mr. James Steadman. Mr. A. S. Phair was the Postmaster -of Fredericton during these and several future years. Mr. Stephen J. -King is the present Inspector of Post-offices, and Mr. E. Willis the -Postmaster at St. John. As many collectors are aware, all three stamps of -the first issue are found cut in two, diagonally, and used for half their -original values. The Three Pence is also known cut in half, parallel to -one of the sides of the stamp; and the Six Pence exists divided into -four equal triangular pieces, each part being used as a Three Halfpenny -stamp, in conjunction with a whole Six Penny, to make up the postal rate -of 7½d. I have been unable to find any official notice in _The Royal -Gazette_ authorizing the use of any of these mutilated stamps; but an -interesting article, published in _The Philatelic Record_ for October, -1886, clearly shows the reason for the bisection of the Three Pence. As -the article points out, no half specimen of this value is known used by -itself, but the variety is always found obliterated in connection with -other Three Pennies or a Six Penny stamp. The paper then goes on to say -the half stamp was used to make up the letter rate to England, which -was 6d. sterling the ½ ounce, equal to 7½d. currency, or for letters -forwarded _viâ_ the United States and British Packet, 8d. sterling, equal -to 10d. currency. I have found out that the former rate was in existence -on May 1st, 1856, and it had probably been in use some time previous to -that date. The latter rate came into operation on January 1st, 1857. -Besides the letter rates to England, we learn from the following notice, -published in _The Royal Gazette_ for September 16th, 1857, that two of -the new rates on Pamphlets, mentioned therein, could only be made up by -using half the Three Penny stamp with some of the other values. - - “NOTICE TO THE PUBLIC. - - “On and after the first day of October next the following will - be the rates on Pamphlets sent from New Brunswick to Great - Britain, _viâ_ Halifax; viz.: - - For a Packet, not exceeding 4 ounces in weight, 3d. Sterling, - 4d. Currency. - - For a Packet exceeding 4 ounces and not exceeding half a pound, - 6d. Sterling, 7½d. Currency. - - For a Packet exceeding half a pound and not exceeding one - pound, 1s. Sterling, 1s. 3d. Currency. - - For a Packet exceeding one pound and not exceeding one pound - and a half, 1s. 6d. Sterling, 1s. 10½d. Currency. - - For a Packet exceeding one pound and a half and not exceeding - two pounds, 2s. Sterling, 2s. 6d. Currency. - - And so on, increasing seven pence halfpenny Currency for every - additional half pound or fraction of half pound. From the same - date printed or Lithographed Letters may be sent like other - printed matter under the Regulations of the Colonial Book Post. - - “(Signed) J. M. JOHNSON, Jr., _Postmaster-General_. - - “GENERAL POST OFFICE, F’TON, _11th Sept., 1857_.” - -There is no stipulation that the above rates must necessarily be prepaid, -and I have no doubt from the following notice, which was published in the -_British Postal Guide_ for October 1st, 1859, that correspondence between -the United Kingdom and all the North American Colonies was frequently -forwarded either wholly or only partly prepaid from both sides. - - “NOVA SCOTIA, NEW BRUNSWICK, AND NEWFOUNDLAND. - - “Letters for Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, and Newfoundland, if - posted unpaid, or insufficiently prepaid, are now charged on - delivery with a fine of 6d. each in addition to the postage.” - -A similar notice had previously appeared in the _Postal Guide_ with -reference to Canada, and one was published later on in connection with -letters for Prince Edward Island. - -This addition of a fine of 6d. upon unpaid or insufficiently prepaid -letters would naturally cause senders to be anxious to see their -correspondence properly stamped, and consequently a good many more cut -stamps would be required after the appearance of this notice, which no -doubt was published in New Brunswick the same as in this country. We -should therefore expect to find a greater number of half Three Pennys -postmarked after October 1st, 1859, than previously to that date. As -regards the bisection of the Six Pence and One Shilling values, there -was not the same _raison d’être_; but the varieties are probably due to -one or perhaps both of these causes: (_a_) The public seeing the Three -Pence was allowed to be used in this way, may have concluded the two -other stamps might be similarly employed, and not having the value by -them they required at the moment, manufactured it out of either the Six -Pence or One Shilling. (_b_) Or it may be that certain Post-offices fell -short of Three Penny and Six Penny stamps, and issued the halves of the -two higher values provisionally until a fresh supply of the required -value was obtained. Whatever was the true cause of these varieties, -whether they emanated from the public or were issued in this state by -the Post-office, they were certainly allowed by the postal officials to -frank correspondence. I can add no further information about the half -Three Penny stamp surcharged 1½d., beyond that found in the article in -_The Philatelic Record_, I have already mentioned, and the remarks in -a supplementary paper in the number of that journal for January, 1887. -I entirely agree with the conclusions the writer comes to; viz., that -the authenticity of the surcharge is open to grave doubt, and that in -all probability the variety is altogether “bogus.” At the same time the -author is perhaps in error when he says the charge for delivering letters -in the towns of Fredericton and St. John in 1857 was 1d. each, and not -1½d. It is true the Postmaster-General’s report for that year speaks of -1d. as the sum charged, but we must bear in mind that this is probably -1d. sterling (all the other rates being quoted in this way), which would -therefore equal 1¼d. currency, and 1d. would most likely be given in the -list as the nearest equivalent for 1½d. currency. Again, the remark “that -when the cents issue took place in 1860 no stamp was issued anywhere -approaching to the value of 1½d.” is equally applicable to the value 1d., -as the Two Cents stamp was, according to the catalogues, not issued until -quite the end of the year 1863. - -The annexed notice is found in _The Royal Gazette_ for August 3rd, 1859: - - “POST OFFICE DEPARTMENT, FREDERICTON, _6th July, 1859_. - - “Part 9, Section 2, of Post Office Regulations is repealed, and - the following adopted; viz.: - - “Printed Books, Periodical Publications or Pamphlets, under - sixteen ounces in weight, can be forwarded by Post in New - Brunswick at the rate of one half penny per ounce. - - “Printed Music will be allowed to pass through Post in New - Brunswick under the same Regulations as Pamphlets. - - “Printed Circulars, Catalogues, Hand Bills, and Prices Current - posted in New Brunswick will be liable to a rate of one half - penny each, subject to the following Regulations; viz.: - - “The Postage must be prepaid. - - “Each must be in a Cover unsealed, or if sealed, open at the - end or side; the word ‘Circular,’ ‘Catalogue,’ ‘Hand Bill,’ or - ‘Price Current,’ as the case may be, must be written or printed - on the face of the Cover; and each Package must weigh under - half an ounce. - - “Any of the above mentioned, however, coming into New Brunswick - by Post from the United States, Canada, Nova Scotia, or Prince - Edward Island, will be subject to one half penny Postage, to be - collected on delivery, and must be taxed accordingly. - - “(Signed) CHARLES CONNELL, P.M.G.” - -The postage on the above must, I think, have been prepaid in money until -the issue of the One Cent stamp in May, 1860; for it is difficult to see -how a halfpenny value could have been improvised out of the three stamps -then current. - -From the following notice, taken from _The Royal Gazette_ for January -19th, 1859, it will be seen New Brunswick was one of the first, perhaps -the earliest colony, to start a Parcels Post. - - “PARCELS BY POST IN NEW BRUNSWICK. - - “From the 1st February next a PARCEL, not weighing over - Two Pounds, will be conveyed by mail between any of the - Post-offices in New Brunswick. They must be prepaid at the - following rates by Postage Stamps only: - - For any weight not exceeding 1 lb. 1s. 3d. - For any weight over 1 lb., and not exceeding 2 lbs. 2s. 6d. - - “(Signed) CHARLES CONNELL, _Postmaster-General_. - - “GENERAL POST OFFICE, FREDERICTON, _January 12th, 1859_.” - -I have now exhausted all the new information I have collected concerning -the Postage Stamps of New Brunswick, and I have no further particulars to -give you about the stamps issued in 1860, beyond what we find mentioned -further on in the Society’s list; neither can I add anything to the -history of the Five Cents “Connell” stamp so carefully related in the -paper reproduced from _The Halifax Philatelist_. The stamps of this -Colony became obsolete on the 27th of May, 1867, upon the formation of -the Dominion of Canada. - - -REFERENCE LIST OF THE PHILATELIC SOCIETY, LONDON. - - -Issue I. September 6th, 1851. - -_Three values._ Engraved and printed in _taille-douce_ by Messrs. -Perkins, Bacon, and Co., of London, on stoutish blue wove paper, varying -in colour from deep to pale blue; yellowish gum, imperforate. Design: -In the centre, in an octagonal-shaped _cartouche_, with engine-turned -border, is the Royal Crown. Above, below, and on either side, is an -eight-rayed star, containing the heraldic flowers of the United Kingdom. -The upper and lower have the rose, that on the left the shamrock, and -that on the right the thistle, the rose in the lower star being inverted. -A curved white line surrounds the stars, the angles formed by which are -filled in with floral ornaments; engine-turned background. Reticulated -side labels, inscribed with name of Colony in plain Roman capitals; -“POSTAGE” in plain block letters, and the value in various type. That on -the Three Pence is in plain Roman capitals, and in block letters on the -other two values. In the Six Pence both the word “POSTAGE” and the value -show a line of colour down the centre of each letter. Plain lozenge in -each corner of the stamp, with coloured Arabic numeral of value. Shape, -lozenge. (_Illustrations 49, 50, 51._) - -Upper left border, “NEW;” upper right, “BRUNSWICK;” lower left border, -“THREE PENCE,” “SIX PENCE,” “ONE SHILLING;” lower right, “POSTAGE.” - - 3d., vermilion (shades). - 6d., yellow, orange yellow ( ” ). - 1s., lilac-mauve, violet ( ” ). - -_Varieties._—The Three Pence exists upon white paper, but the variety is -only due to the discharge of the blue colouring matter from the paper, -as the stamp was never printed upon white. Each of the values is met -with cut in two, and used as half the value of the stamp so mutilated. -The Six Pence is also known divided into four triangular pieces, each -quarter being used, in conjunction with a whole Six Pence, to make up -the postal rate of 7½d. These bisected stamps were used to prepay the -postage rate to the United Kingdom, which in 1857 was reduced to 7½d.; -and as there was no stamp of this value in use, recourse had to be made -to these varieties. The Three Pence has been seen divided obliquely, -and surcharged in red “1½.” The same surcharge is also said to exist -in black. Neither of these two stamps has come under the notice of the -Society; but from certain remarks contained in two articles, which may be -found in _The Philatelic Record_, vol. viii. pp. 165 and 219, there can -be little doubt that the surcharge is “bogus.” - - -Issue II. May 15th, 1860. - -_Five values._ Engraved and printed in _taille-douce_ by the American -Bank Note Company, of New York, on white wove paper; brownish gum; -machine perforated 12. The entire sheet of each value contains 100 -stamps, arranged in ten rows of ten. There is no engraver’s name found on -the margins of the sheets of the four lowest values, but the Seventeen -Cents has “American Bank Note Co., New York,” on the edges of the sheet. -This value and the Five Cents were not issued until after the other three -stamps. Designs: ONE CENT.—Railway train, within transverse coloured -oval band inscribed in white Roman capitals. Small slanting ovals in the -upper, and larger upright ovals in the lower corners, with white Arabic -numeral of value. Curved octagonal label below, with “CENT” in white -Roman capitals. The remainder of the stamp is filled in with fine hatched -lines, with border of two plain coloured lines. FIVE CENTS.—Diademed, -nearly full-face portrait, of Queen Victoria looking to left, on ground -of horizontal lines, within an upright coloured oval, lettered in -white Roman capitals. Small slanting ovals in the upper, and larger -upright ones in the lower corners, with white Arabic numerals of value. -Oblong octagonal label below, with “CENTS” in white Roman capitals. The -spandrels are filled in with hatched lines, and two outer lines of colour -complete the design. TEN CENTS.—Similar to last, but small slanting ovals -in the spandrels, with Roman numeral in white. The bottom corners of the -stamp contain small octagonal coloured labels, with white Arabic numerals -of value. TWELVE AND A HALF CENTS.—Steamer sailing to right in transverse -oval, lettered with white Roman capitals. Small octagonal labels in the -upper, and larger circular ones in the lower corners, containing Arabic -numerals of value in white. Beneath the oval is a curved octagonal label -with “CENTS” in white Roman capitals. The spandrels are filled in with -hatching, and two outer lines of colour complete the design. SEVENTEEN -CENTS.—Nearly full face portrait of the Prince of Wales in Highland -costume looking to right, within a coloured upright oval lettered with -white Roman capitals. Small transverse ovals in each corner, with Arabic -numerals of value in white. Straight oblong octagonal label below the -oval, with “CENTS” in white Roman capitals. Spandrels filled in with -hatching, and border of two outer coloured lines. Shapes, small oblong -rectangular for the One and Twelve and a Half Cents; small upright -rectangular for the other three values. (_Illustrations 52, 53, 54, 55, -56._) - - T. “NEW BRUNSWICK POSTAGE.” B. “ONE CENT,” “FIVE,” “TEN,” - “TWELVE AND A HALF,” “SEVENTEEN CENTS.” - - 1 c., lilac-brown, reddish-mauve (shades). - 5 c., bronze-green, green ( ” ). - 10 c., scarlet-vermilion ( ” ). - 12½ c., Prussian blue ( ” ). - 17 c., black ( ” ). - -_Remarks._—The reason the Five Cents was not issued at the same time as -the One, Ten, and Twelve and a Half Cents stamps was, that Mr. Charles -Connell, who was Postmaster-General of the Colony at that time, had -ordered his own portrait to be engraved upon this value. It will be -seen from the interesting correspondence Mr. King gives in _The Halifax -Philatelist_ for June, July, and August, 1888, which is reproduced here, -that the Council disapproved of the design, and refused to allow the -stamps to be distributed. Mr. Connell was ordered at the same time to -obtain a fresh supply of Five Cents stamps with the head of Her Majesty. -The Connell Five Cents can therefore only be looked upon as a stamp -prepared for use, notwithstanding postmarked copies are known, as it is -quite clear from Mr. King’s article the stamp was never issued to the -public. In design, it is almost similar to the Ten Cents, but the head -of Her Majesty is replaced by a full face portrait of Charles Connell, -and the numerals in the spandrels are Arabic, instead of Roman in type. -The stamp was produced by the American Bank Note Company, of New York, -printed in Vandyke-brown upon white wove paper, and perforated 12. -Imperforate copies exist, but these can be looked upon only as proofs. -(_Illustration 57._) - - “A PHILATELIC CHAPTER IN THE HISTORY OF NEW BRUNSWICK. - - “THE CONNELL STAMP. - - “This stamp has probably been discussed more than any other - stamp, or series of stamps, that have ever been issued, and - still a decision has never been arrived at as to whether they - are essays or whether any have ever done postal duty. The - general opinion seems to be that they were in use, but only for - a day. The way the stamp originated was this: Mr. Connell, then - Postmaster-General of New Brunswick, was authorised by a Minute - of Council in December, 1859, to procure a new set of postage - stamps, which the change in currency rendered necessary. - Believing that this Minute gave him full power and discretion - as to designs, etc., he ordered the plates for the values - wanted—One, Five, Ten, and Twelve and a Half Cents; and for the - Five Cents had his own portrait. The stamps came to hand in due - time, and Mr. Connell, not probably making any secret of the - design for the Five Cents, spoke to some of his friends about - them, and of his intention of going down to posterity thereon. - This came to the knowledge of the Council, who, knowing that - they had not been approved by them, decided to see the issue - before it was sent out to postmasters for public use. As a - matter of course they disapproved of Mr. Connell’s design for - the Five Cents, and he was instructed by the Council to destroy - them, and order a new lot with the effigy of the Queen. This - Mr. Connell would not do, and therefore resigned. The Five - Cents, brown, were destroyed, and only the other three values - issued. - - “After Mr. Connell’s resignation, he wrote a letter to the - Hon. J. H. T. Manners-Sutton, the Lieutenant-Governor of the - Province, giving his reasons for resigning his office. He, - however, says that he did not resign on account of the stamp - affair, but because he could not agree with the Government - expenditure of public moneys, and because he said that his - colleagues did not have confidence enough in him to back - him up on a small matter; that is, the issuing of the Five - Cents, brown. Through the kindness of a friend I have been - enabled to see the complete official correspondence, etc., - between Connell, the Governor, and Council in reference to - this business, and am giving them here. Several of the letters - contain a large amount of matter irrelevant to the subject in - question, and dealing only with the political reasons of Mr. - Connell’s resignation, and these parts not being interesting to - the philatelic reader are left out. - - “The correspondence starts with the letter of the Council - to the Lieutenant-Governor after they had had the designs - submitted to them. - - “(COPY NO. 1.) - - “Memorandum of the Executive Council in Committee. - - “‘_To His Excellency the Hon. J. H. T. Manners-Sutton, - Lieut.-Gov., etc., etc._ - - “‘We advise your Excellency to approve of, and order to be - distributed, the One Cent, Ten Cent, and Twelve and a Half - Cent postage stamps procured by the Postmaster-General, - and we further advise Your Excellency to order a Five Cent - postage stamp to be struck, bearing the likeness of the - Queen, instead of the Five Cent stamp already procured by the - Postmaster-General. - - “‘(Signed) S. L. TILLEY. - P. MITCHELL. - A. T. SMITH. - CHARLES WATTERS. - W. H. STEEVES. - DAVID WARK. - - “‘Approved May 12, 1860. - - “‘(Sgd.) J. H. T. MANNERS-SUTTON.’ - - “‘(COPY NO. 2.) - - “Letter from Mr. C. Connell to the Lieut.-Governor. - - “‘SIR,—Various circumstances having occurred with reference to - the administration of the Government of this Province during - the short time that I have had the honor of being one of Your - Excellency’s advisers, induce me to address Your Excellency.... - - “‘Having felt this and other matters for some time past, and - at the same time feeling reluctant to take a step that I saw - pressing on me, I delayed action; but the recent act of my - colleagues in the Government has brought matters to a crisis, - the want of that support on their part on a subject in which I - believed I was authorized in the action I had taken, as will - appear by the following minutes of Council (December, 1858) and - correspondence: - - “’”Postmaster-General to obtain new postage stamps in One, - Five, Ten, and Twelve and a Half Cents.“’ - - “‘No. 1. TELEGRAPHIC DESPATCH. - - “‘_The Hon. Charles Connell, Woodstock_,— - - “‘Just received notice from the Governor that new decimal stamp - cannot be issued until approved by Governor in Council. Have - seen Hale. Telegraph him. He can put all right. - - (Signed), S. L. TILLEY. - - “‘FREDERICTON, _27th April, 1860_.’ - - “‘No. 2. TELEGRAPHIC DESPATCH. - - “‘_The Hon. S. L. Tilley_,— - - “‘If that is required you can procure the order, as any delay - now will make trouble all over the country, as instructions - have gone out and all stamps called in. - - “‘(Signed), CHARLES CONNELL. - - “‘WOODSTOCK, _28th April, 1860_.’ - - “‘No. 3. TELEGRAPHIC DESPATCH. - - “‘_Hon. Charles Connell, Woodstock_,— - - “‘Cannot get order before Wednesday. Only Attorney-General - here. Hale can arrange so as not to cause confusion of - instructions. - - “‘(Signed), S. L. TILLEY.’ - - “‘No. 4. TELEGRAPHIC DESPATCH. - - “‘_James Hale, Esq., Fredericton_,— - - “‘See Mr. Tilley. Let issue of stamps be stayed till Wednesday - next. - - “‘(Signed), CHARLES CONNELL. - - “‘WOODSTOCK, _28th April, 1860_.’ - - “‘No. 5. TELEGRAPHIC DESPATCH. - - “‘_The Hon. S. L. Tilley, Fredericton_,— - - “‘Have telegraphed Hale to see you. Defer to issue until - Wednesday. I may not be able to leave for St. John before this - day week. Telegraph me as soon as order is made. Thought order - was made at time I was authorized to procure new stamps. - - (Signed), CHARLES CONNELL. - - “‘WOODSTOCK, _28th April, 1860_.’ - - “‘No. 6. TELEGRAPHIC DESPATCH. - - “‘_The Hon. Charles Connell_,— - - “‘All right. Desirable that all should be at St. John by - Thursday next, if possible. - - (Signed), S. L. TILLEY. - - “‘FREDERICTON, _28th April, 1860_.’ - - “‘No. 7. TELEGRAPHIC DESPATCH. - - “‘_The Hon. Charles Connell, Woodstock_,— - - “‘Shall postage stamps be detained, and Deputies ordered to - retain old ones until further orders? - - (Signed), JAMES HALE. - - “‘FREDERICTON, _28th April, 1860_.’ - - “‘No. 8. TELEGRAPHIC DESPATCH. - - “‘_The Hon. Charles Connell, Woodstock_— - - “‘Contractors here promised full Council to consider claims. - Your presence necessary Thursday evening at furthest. - - (Signed), S. L. TILLEY. - - “‘ST. JOHN, _May 2nd, 1860_.’ - - “The Council met as was agreed upon, and disapproved of Mr. - Connell’s Five Cents, brown; and the following is their - recommendation to the Lieut.-Governor: - - “‘(COPY.) - - “‘_To His Excellency the Hon. J. A. T. Manners-Sutton, - Lieut.-Governor_— - - “‘We advise your Excellency to approve of and order to be - distributed the One Cent, Ten Cent, and Twelve and a Half - Cent postage stamps, procured by the Postmaster-General; - and we further advise your Excellency to order a Five Cent - postage stamp to be struck, bearing the likeness of the - Queen, instead of the Five Cent stamp already procured by the - Postmaster-General. - - “‘(Signed), S. L. TILLEY. - A. J. SMITH. - W. H. STEEVES. - P. MITCHELL. - CHARLES WATTERS. - DAVID WARK. - - “‘_May 8th, 1860._’ - - “‘(COPY.) - - “‘Letter to Hon. Charles Connell from the Provincial Secretary. - - “‘SIR,—I am directed by His Excellency the Lieut.-Governor - to request you to distribute the One, Ten, and Twelve and a - Half Cent postage stamps procured by you, and to direct you to - take the necessary steps to have struck off a Five Cent stamp, - bearing the likeness of the Queen, for future distribution. - - “‘I have, &c., &c., - - “‘(Signed), S. L. TILLEY. - - “‘_The Hon. C. Connell, &c._’ - - “‘(COPY). - - “‘POST OFFICE DEPARTMENT, _15th May, 1860_. - - “‘SIR,—I am in receipt of your favour informing me that you - have been desired by his Excellency the Lieut.-Governor to - request that I would distribute the One, Ten, and Twelve and - a Half Cent postage stamps procured by me, and to take steps - to procure a Five Cent stamp for future distribution. You - will inform his Excellency that I was authorised, by Minutes - of Council in December last, to procure a One, Five, Ten, - and Twelve and a Half Cent postage stamp, and that all these - denominations are now in the office of this Department ready - for distribution. - - I have, &c., &c., - - “‘(Signed), CHARLES CONNELL. - - “‘_The Hon. S. L. Tilley._’ - - “‘(COPY). - - “‘SECRETARY’S OFFICE, _17th May, 1860_. - - “‘SIR,—I have laid before his Excellency the Lieut.-Governor - your letter of the 15th inst., relative to the distribution of - postage stamps, and I am directed to inform you that he has - referred it for the consideration of his Council. - - “‘I have, &c., &c., - - “‘(Signed), S. L. TILLEY. - - “‘_The Hon. C. Connell, &c., &c._’ - - “‘I have felt it my duty to lay before your Excellency this - correspondence, together with the Minute of Council, and have - no desire to make any comment thereon, as I think it will speak - for itself. - - “‘I may remark, however, that I cannot discover by that - correspondence—No. 1 to 8—that it was the intention to withdraw - from me that support in the action I had taken in procuring the - postage stamps as authorized by the Minute in Council referred - to. - - “‘My administration of the Post Office Department is before the - public, and it is for them to say whether it is satisfactory or - not. - - “‘I think I may state with certainty that the revenues of - the Department will be reduced by the recent action of the - Government, as I made arrangements for the delivery and - sale of postage stamps at every Post-office and Way-office - throughout the Province on the 1st May. I do not intend that - the legitimate authority belonging to the Chief of that - Department shall be limited or circumscribed while I have the - honour of being at its head. - - “‘After a very careful and deliberate review of the whole - matter, under all the circumstances, I believe that my - continuance in office would not be beneficial to the Department. - - “‘Holding the opinions that I have submitted to your - Excellency, I feel that I cannot, consistently with the duty - I owe to my constituents and the public, continue longer - to hold an office and position as one of your Excellency’s - advisers in opposition to my views on public duty. I therefore - respectfully beg to submit to your Excellency my resignation - of the office of Postmaster-General, and as one of your - Excellency’s advisers; and further request your Excellency’s - permission to publish and give my reasons for so doing, and the - correspondence connected therewith. - - I have, &c., &c., - - “‘CHARLES CONNELL. - - “‘_His Excellency the Hon. J. H. T. Manners-Sutton, &c., &c._’ - - “(COPY NO. 3.) - - “Memorandum of the Lieut.-Governor to Mr. Connell. - - “‘GOVERNMENT HOUSE, FREDERICTON, _May 19th, 1860_. - - “‘His Excellency the Lieut.-Governor accepts Mr. Connell’s - resignation of the office of Postmaster-General and Executive - Councillor, and he accedes to Mr. Connell’s request to be so - far relieved from the obligations of his oath of office as will - enable him to explain the grounds on which he has tendered his - resignation to his Excellency. - - “‘His Excellency will of course deem it right to communicate - to his Council the contents of Mr. Connell’s letter to his - Excellency of this day’s date. - - “‘(Signed), J. H. T. MANNERS-SUTTON. - - “‘_Mr. Charles Connell, M.P.P., &c._’ - - “(COPY NO. 4.) - - “Memorandum for the Executive Council. - - “‘His Excellency the Lieut.-Governor thinks it right without - delay to lay before his Council the accompanying copy of a - letter addressed to his Excellency by Mr. Connell. - - “‘His Excellency has accepted Mr. Connell’s resignation of the - office of Postmaster-General and Executive Councillor, tendered - to him this morning by Mr. Connell. - - “‘(Signed), J. H. T. MANNERS-SUTTON. - - “‘_May 19th, 1860._’ - - “(COPY NO. 5.) - - “Memorandum of the Executive Council in Committee. - - “‘_To His Excellency the Hon. J. H. T. Manners-Sutton, - Lieut.-Governor, &c._ - - “‘May it please your Excellency,— - - “‘We have had under consideration the memorandum of your - Excellency of the 19th instant, accompanied with the letter - from the Postmaster-General, resigning his office and his seat - in the Council, with the reasons he has assigned therefor. - - “‘Knowing from the discussions with Mr. Connell that he was - prepared to retain his office and seat in the Council, if an - order was made to issue the stamps procured by him, including - the stamp bearing the likeness of the head of the department, - we are therefore justified in concluding that the Minute of - Council of the 8th instant, in which your Excellency was - advised to approve of, and order to be distributed the One, - Ten, and Twelve and a Half Cent Postage Stamps procured by the - Postmaster-General, and to order a new Five Cent Postage Stamp - to be struck, bearing the likeness of the Queen, instead of the - Five Cent stamp already procured by the Postmaster-General, - is, notwithstanding the other reasons assigned by him, the real - ground of his resignation. - - “‘Without entering into the discussion of the powers of the - different heads of departments, we observe that we have no - desire to limit or circumscribe the legitimate authority of - the Postmaster-General, or of the head of any other public - department, and in advising your Excellency upon this question, - we have not desired nor attempted to do so, as by the Act - relating to the Post Office the approval of the Governor in - Council is required to the issue of Postage Stamps. - - “‘Your Excellency is aware that no such order was made by your - Excellency in Council, authorizing the obtaining or issuing of - the stamps. We admit the Postmaster-General had the consent of - his colleagues to obtain decimal stamps, but they were procured - and being distributed before they were submitted to your - Excellency in Council for approval, or before the impress they - bore was known to the Council, and when submitted it was the - opinion of the Council that the Five Cent stamp should bear the - likeness of Her Majesty.... - - “‘We cannot discern how the Revenue of the Post Office - Department will be affected by the action of the Government; - that must depend upon the extent of individual correspondence, - and we do not believe that there will be a single letter less - written in consequence of such action. - - “‘As Mr. Connell has obtained your Excellency’s permission to - publish his letter to your Excellency, we respectfully request - your Excellency will authorize the publication of this reply. - - “‘(Signed), CHARLES FISHER, - JAMES BROWN, - S. L. TILLEY, - W. H. STEEVES, - A. T. SMITH, - D. WARK, - CHAS. WATTERS, - P. MITCHELL.’ - - “(COPY NO. 6.) - - “Memorandum for the Executive Council. - - “‘His Excellency the Lieut.-Governor has received the - memorandum of the Executive Council in Committee, in which they - submit to his Excellency their observations on Mr. Connell’s - letter to his Excellency of the 19th instant. - - “‘The Lieut.-Governor accedes to the request of his Council to - be permitted to publish this document. - - “‘(Signed) J. H. T. MANNERS-SUTTON. - - “‘_May 22nd, 1860._’ - - “(COPY NO. 7.) - - “Memorandum for the Executive Council. - - “‘His Excellency the Lieut.-Governor lays before the Executive - Council a copy of a communication dated May 30th, 1860, which - his Excellency has received from Mr. Charles Connell respecting - his recent resignation of his seat at the Council Board, and - the office of Postmaster-General. - - “‘(Signed) J. H. T. MANNERS-SUTTON. - - “‘_June 2nd, 1860._’ - - “(COPY NO. 8.) - - “Letter from Mr. C. Connell to the Lieut.-Governor. - - “‘_To His Excellency the Hon. J. H. T. Manners-Sutton, - Lieut.-Governor, &c., &c._ - - “‘SIR,—In the _Royal Gazette_ of the 23rd instant appears a - memoranda without date, signed by your Excellency’s advisers, - and addressed to your Excellency, in which is reviewed a - correspondence, which I had the honour to submit to your - Excellency on the 19th instant. The subject-matter of that - correspondence must be discussed at the proper time in another - place; but as there are several points urged in the memoranda - of your advisers calculated to create a false impression with - reference to my reasons for resigning my place at the Council - Board, I am induced to trouble your Excellency with this - rejoinder. - - “‘1.—In the memoranda under notice it is intimated that the - real reason of my resignation was the refusal of my colleagues - in the Government to advise your Excellency to issue the Five - Cent Postage Stamp. This statement I must unhesitatingly - declare to be incorrect, and if evidence is wanting to prove - the contrary, I can refer to the Attorney-General, Provincial - Secretary, and the Hon. Mr. Wark, who were present at a meeting - of Council on Tuesday, the 10th April, on which occasion, on - account of circumstances which then and there took place, I - stated that “I could not sit with men who acted as they did.” - - “‘I am well aware that the law reads: “The Governor in Council - may cause stamps with their value thereon to be sold and issued - as postage.” The Minute of Council made in December last, if - not perfected by the Attorney-General, whose duty it was to - do so, cannot be regarded as my fault. I have fulfilled my - duty, and did what I supposed I was fully authorized to do. - At all events I have violated no law, and in the memorandum - under consideration it is admitted that I had the consent of my - colleagues to obtain the decimal stamps.... - - “‘7.—As to the revenues of the Postal Department, at the end of - the year when the returns are made up, the public will be able - to arrive at a correct judgment. - - “‘I have, &c. &c., - - “‘(Signed) CHARLES CONNELL. - - “‘WOODSTOCK, _30th May, 1860_.’ - - “(COPY NO. 9.) - - “Memorandum of the Executive Council in Committee. - - “‘_To His Excellency the Hon. J. H. T. Manners-Sutton, - Lieut.-Governor, &c._ - - “‘May it please your Excellency,— - - “‘The Committee of Council have had under consideration your - Excellency’s memorandum of the 2nd instant, accompanied with - a second letter from the late Postmaster-General, intended as - a reply to our communication to your Excellency of the 23rd - ultimo. - - “‘We are convinced that in the preparation of both the papers - submitted to your Excellency by Mr. Connell, he has been - influenced more by a desire to avoid the discussion of the real - ground of his resignation than to represent accurately the - policy and acts of his late colleagues in the Government.... - - “‘In our former memorandum we stated to your Excellency that - Mr. Connell had the consent of his colleagues to procure - Decimal Postal Stamps, and we again assert that the Council - were kept in total ignorance of the design upon the Five Cent - stamps until after they were struck off and put in circulation.... - - “‘Mr. Connell having published his second letter to your - Excellency, we respectfully request your Excellency will - authorize the publication of this our reply. - - “‘(Signed) CHARLES FISHER, - A. T. SMITH, - JAMES BROWN, - DAVID WARK, - S. L. TILLEY, - CHARLES WATTERS, - W. H. STEEVES, - PETER MITCHELL. - - “‘COUNCIL CHAMBER, _5th June, 1860_.’ - - “(COPY NO. 10.) - - “Memorandum for the Executive Council. - - “‘His Excellency the Lieut.-Governor has received the - memorandum, dated the 5th instant, of the Executive Council in - Committee, and in accordance with their request he sanctions - the publication of this document. - - “‘(Signed) J. H. T. MANNERS-SUTTON. - - “‘_June 6th, 1860._’ - - “(COPY NO. 11.) - - “Memorandum for the Executive Council. - - “‘His Excellency the Lt.-Governor lays before the Executive - Council a copy of a further communication, dated June 15th, - 1860, which His Excellency has received from Mr. C. Connell, - respecting his recent resignation of his seat at the Council - Board, and of the office of Postmaster-General. - - “‘(Sgd.) J. H. T. MANNERS-SUTTON. - - “‘_June 15th, 1860._’” - - “(COPY NO. 12.) - - “Letter from Mr. C. Connell to the Lt.-Governor. - - “‘_To His Excellency The Hon. J. H. T. Manners-Sutton, - Lt.-Gov., &c., &c._ - - “‘SIR,—The Royal Gazette of the 6th inst. contains a memorandum - intended as a reply to my letter of the 30th ult. to your - Excellency, in which your advisers exhibit a great anxiety to - impress on the mind of your Excellency that the only cause of - my resignation of the office of Postmaster-General was the - refusal of the Council to advise your Excellency to order the - issue of the Five Cent stamps. I have in my previous letters - to your Excellency stated some of the many reasons forming the - basis of my conclusion to resign, and to repeat that I was - not influenced in my course altogether by the stamp question - I consider unnecessary, that matter merely having had the - effect of bringing my previous intention to its fulfilment, - for sooner or later my resignation must have been tendered. I - will however say, that the usage I did receive at the hands - of my colleagues, in reference to the stamps, would have been - sufficient to cause such action as I took upon the premises. - - “‘The correspondence between myself and the Provincial - Secretary, with reference to the issue of the Postage Stamps, - laid before your Excellency, either has not had a careful - perusal, or else they are in ignorance of the meaning conveyed - by such correspondence. - - “‘I was first authorized to procure the stamps, and stated - on the floor of the House in March last that ‘I had ordered, - and would receive in time for distribution on the 1st of May, - stamps of the denomination of One, Five, Ten, and Twelve and a - Half Cent, in view of the introduction of the decimal system - of currency.’ They arrived, and preparations for their issue - at the appointed time were made by the Department, supposing - that any further orders were unnecessary, until I received - the telegram from the Provincial Secretary, and subsequent - interference on the parts of your advisers, in what was a mere - matter of detail, became apparent. An order to issue all but - Five Cent stamps was made, thus setting aside my power and - right to conduct even a minor arrangement of the Department. - After having procured, by the knowledge and consent of the - Government, stamps of various denominations, my position as - head of a department was ignored. Even if this was the only - circumstance influencing me, my course was the only honourable - one to pursue. - - “‘I have the honour to be, - - “‘Your Excellency’s most obedient servant, - - “‘CHARLES CONNELL.’ - - “This finishes this most remarkable correspondence and chapter - in the postal history of New Brunswick. - - “A careful reading and consideration of the letters here given - will show the impossibility of there ever having been any - of the Connell stamps used to pay the postage of a letter, - although an inference to the contrary may be drawn from Nos. - 5 and 9, being the letters of the Executive Council, but this - is due I think to loose writing, or probably meaning that - they were in the hands of the Post Office Department for - distribution. Against this we see the telegrams to Connell - forbidding the issue, three days before they were to start - sending them to postmasters, and his telegram to Hale, - the Secretary of the Post Office Department of N. B., at - Fredericton, forbidding him to send out any of the stamps. In - my opinion the Connell is undoubtedly not a postage stamp, - but a rare essay only. As a fitting end to this I may add the - official account of the money paid for the making of the Cent - issue of New Brunswick. - - -------+--------------------------------------+------------+----------- - NAME. | PARTICULARS. | AMOUNT. | AMOUNT. - -------+--------------------------------------+------------+----------- - | | £ s. d. | £ s. d. - |Engraving plate for “One Cent” | | - | Postage Stamps | 25 0 0 | - | | | - |Printing 2000 sheets ” | | - | | 12 15 0 | 37 15 0 - | | | - |Engraving plate for “Five Cent” | | - | (Connell) do. | 25 0 0 | - | | | - |Printing 5000 sheets | | - | ” ” | 31 15 0 | 56 15 0 - | | | - |Engraving plate for “Ten Cent” ” | 25 0 0 | - | | | - |Printing 2000 sheets ” ” | 12 10 0 | 37 10 0 - | | | - |Engraving plate for “Twelve & | | - | Half Cent” ” | 25 0 0 | - | | | - |Printing 4000 sheets ” | | - | ” | 25 0 0 | 50 0 0 - | | | - |Engraving plate for “Seventeen | | - | Cent” ” | 25 0 0 | - | | | - |Printing 1000 sheets ” ” | 6 5 0 | 31 5 0 - | | | - |Engraving plate for “Five Cent” ” | 25 0 0 | - | | | - |Printing 5000 sheets ” ” | 31 5 0 | 56 5 0 - | +------------+---------- - | £268 15 0 - - “This was for the first lot sent. There were, however, several - other supplies got before the confederation of the British - North American Provinces. - - “DONALD A. KING.” - - -Issue III. May (?), 1863. - -_One value._—Engraved and printed by the American Bank Note Co. of New -York, upon white wove paper; brownish gum, machine-perforated 12. The -entire sheet consists of one hundred stamps, arranged in ten rows of -ten; and the name of the engravers appears in the margins of the sheet. -Design: The same portrait of the Queen as in the Five Cents of the -last issue, in a somewhat larger oval. Upright coloured ovals in each -corner, containing Arabic numeral of value in white. The remainder of the -stamp is filled in with arabesques. Shape, small upright rectangular. -(_Illustration 58._) - - T. “NEW BRUNSWICK POSTAGE.” B. “TWO CENTS.” - - 2 c., orange (shades). - - - - -NEWFOUNDLAND. - - -PRELIMINARY NOTES. - -_BY E. D. BACON._ - -Newfoundland is an island situated between 46° 37′ and 51° 39′ N. lat., -and 52° 35′ and 59° 25′ W. long., on the north-east side of the Gulf of -St. Lawrence. The greatest length from north to south is 350 miles, and -average breadth about 130; its estimated area is 40,200 square miles. -The coast of Labrador, on the Continent, is now included in the Colony. -It comprises about 120,000 square miles, but has only 4211 inhabitants. -The island was discovered by John Cabot in 1497. It was as early as 1500 -frequented by the Portuguese, Spanish, and French, for its fisheries. Sir -Walter Raleigh and others, in the reign of Queen Elizabeth, attempted to -colonize this island, but were not successful. In 1623, Sir G. Calvert, -afterwards Lord Baltimore, established himself in the south-east part of -the island, and appointed his son Governor. In 1634, a party of colonists -were sent over from Ireland, and twenty years after some English -colonists arrived, having emigrated by means of a Parliamentary grant. -At the peace of Utrecht, in 1713, subsequently ratified by the Treaty -of Paris, the exclusive sovereignty of Newfoundland was ceded to Great -Britain, subject to certain rights reserved to France, which are still -in question between the two nations. As already mentioned, Newfoundland -is now (1889) the only North American Colony not included within the -Dominion of Canada. - -Newfoundland has never possessed an Official Gazette, but Government -notices appear in the newspaper _The Royal Gazette and Newfoundland -Advertiser_, published at St. John’s. The earliest file of this -newspaper, with the exception of one or two odd numbers, I have found in -this country commences with the year 1875, so I have been unable to gain -any particulars about the stamps of this Colony from that source. The -Report of the Postmaster-General of Great Britain for 1857 I have before -quoted from tells us: - - “Inland Posts were established in 1852. In 1853 a reduced - and uniform rate of postage for Letters was established, and - another for Books. - - On Letters not exceeding ½ oz. 3d. - Exceeding ½ oz. and not exceeding 1 oz. 6d. - Above 1 oz. ” ” 1½ oz. 9d. - - And so on in proportion. - - “Newspapers are conveyed free. - - “On Books the postage is about 2d. per oz. up to 6 ozs., - exceeding that weight, 3d. per oz. up to 16 ozs., beyond which - weight they cannot be transmitted through the post.” - -Postage stamps are not mentioned, so they had evidently not been -introduced into the Colony at the time the above particulars were sent -over; but 1857 is the year usually given as that in which the first -issue took place. The present rates of postage are as follows: - - Letters - Per ½ oz. Newspapers. - In St. John’s 1 cent Free. - Within Colony 3 cents Free. - Europe, United States, and St. Pierre, - Miquelon 5 cents 1 cent. - South America and West Indies 8 cents 2 cents. - -Mr. John Delaney was Postmaster-General of the Colony in 1879, and Mr. J. -O. Fraser holds that office at the present time. - -I regret, as in the case of Canada, I am unable to give you copies of -any of the official notices of the issue of the stamps of this Colony. -I hope, however, I may shortly be followed by other writers, who may -have greater facilities, and be more successful in obtaining the desired -information than I have been. - - -REFERENCE LIST OF THE PHILATELIC SOCIETY, LONDON. - - -Issue I. 1857. - -_Seven values._ Engraved and printed in _taille-douce_ by Messrs. -Perkins, Bacon, and Co., of London, on stoutish white wove paper; -yellowish gum, imperforate. Designs: The design of the ONE PENNY and FIVE -PENCE closely resembles that of the first issue of New Brunswick, except -that the crown in the centre is printed straight instead of obliquely, -and that there is a small oblong white label above that containing -the value, inscribed “POSTAGE” in small coloured block letters. -Numerals of value on white squares in each corner. Shape, square. -THREE PENCE.—Heraldic flowers on a trilobed _cartouche_ in centre, on -reticulated background. Labels of solid colour at left, right, and at -the bottom, inscribed in white Roman capitals. Lozenge-shaped blocks in -the three corners, with coloured Arabic numeral of value in small white -circles. Shape, triangular. The TWO PENCE, FOUR PENCE, SIX PENCE, and -ONE SHILLING are very similar in design, which consists of a bunch of -heraldic flowers in a central circle on the Two Pence, Four Pence, and -One Shilling, and in an oval on the Six Pence. The central circle, or -oval, is enframed in a larger engine-turned oval, inscribed above with -name of Colony in a curve of white block letters. The remainder of the -design varies in detail for each value; but all have the value in full -in the bottom label, and Arabic numerals of value in the corners. Shape, -upright rectangular. (_Illustrations 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64._) - - 1d., chocolate-brown, lake-brown (shades). - 2d., orange (shades). - 3d., green, yellow-green (shades). - 4d., orange (shades). - 5d., chocolate-brown, lake-brown, verging on bistre (shades). - 6d., orange. - 1s. ” - - _Variety._ - - The 1s., divided in half horizontally, has done duty for 6d. - -_Remarks._—A specimen of the One Penny in the Vice-President’s collection -is pin-perforated, but no information is available as to the authenticity -of this stamp. Two sets may be made of the One Penny, Three Pence, and -Five Pence. The first is found on fairly thick white wove paper, and -the second on paper which is thinner and more transparent. A close -examination will also show that the two papers are quite different -in texture. The paler shades of the One Penny and Five Pence, which -appeared in 1863, are found on the thinner paper. All three values are -appreciably smaller in size than those printed on the thicker paper, but -whether this is due to shrinkage of the paper, or to the engraving of a -new plate, is doubtful. The same shade of green was used for the Three -Pence in both sets. M. Moens catalogues the Six Pence Halfpenny and Eight -Pence as issued with this set; but these two values are not known to the -Society as existing in the early shade of orange. The stamps of this -series printed in orange, and those of the next set, are frequently met -with with the colour changed to brown or even black. These varieties are -simply due to oxidation. - - -Issue II. 1860(?). - -_Six values._ Consisting of the Two Pence, Four Pence, Six Pence, and -the One Shilling of the preceding issue, with two new values of Six -Pence Halfpenny and Eight Pence added. The central designs of these two -latter are similar to those of the other stamps, but the minor details -vary. The colour of the four first stamps is changed from orange to -scarlet-vermilion. (_Illustrations 60, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66._) - - 2d., scarlet-vermilion (slight shades). - 4d. ” ” ( ” ). - 6d. ” ” ( ” ). - 6½d., ” ” ( ” ). - 8d. ” ” ( ” ). - 1s. ” ” ( ” ). - - _Variety._ - - The 8d. is found cut in half obliquely, and used as 4d. - - -Issue III. 1862. - -_Six values._ Similar to those of the last issue, but with the colour -changed to a dull lake. (_Illustrations 60, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66._) - - 2d., dull lake (shades). - 4d. ” ( ” ). - 6d. ” ( ” ). - 6½d., ” ( ” ). - 8d. ” ( ” ). - 1s. ” ( ” ). - -_Remarks._—The Eight Pence of this set, although printed, is said not to -have been issued to the public. Several of the values are scarce used, -but forged obliterations are not uncommon, as well as copies postmarked -by favour. - - -Issue IV. January, 1866. - -_Six values._ Engraved and printed in _taille-douce_ by the American -Bank Note Co., of New York, on yellowish and white wove paper; -machine-perforated. The sheet of the Two Cents (the only one seen by the -Society) contains one hundred stamps in ten rows of ten. Designs: - -TWO CENTS. Cod-fish swimming to left on shaded ground of horizontal -lines, within a transverse oval band of solid colour, inscribed in -white Roman capitals “NEWFOUNDLAND” above, “TWO CENTS” below, and “TWO” -at either side. Ornamental circles break the oval at each corner, and -contain the Arabic numeral of value on coloured ground. - -FIVE CENTS. Seal on ice-floe, with icebergs in the background. Two curved -coloured labels above—the first inscribed “FIVE 5 FIVE,” with an oval at -each end with Arabic numeral of value; and the second, “NEWFOUNDLAND” in -white Roman capitals. Straight label at the bottom of the stamp, with -value in full in white Roman capitals and Arabic numeral at either end. - -TEN CENTS. Nearly full-faced portrait of the Prince of Wales in military -uniform looking to right, on ground of horizontal lines, within a fancy -ornamental frame. Curved label above inscribed “NEWFOUNDLAND,” and a -similar one below with value in full, all in white Roman capitals. - -TWELVE CENTS. Diademed profile of Queen Victoria to left, on ground of -horizontal lines, within an oval garter inscribed with the name of the -Colony and value in full in white Roman capitals. - -THIRTEEN CENTS. Schooner sailing to right. Curved label above with the -name of the Colony, and straight label below with value in full in white -Roman capitals. Ornaments at sides broken by coloured circles, with white -Arabic numerals of value. - -TWENTY-FOUR CENTS. Full-faced diademed portrait of Queen Victoria on -ground of cross hatched lines, within a white octagonal frame. Scroll -above with name of Colony and label below with “CENTS” in white Roman -capitals. On either side of the word “CENTS” is a white bordered oval -with Arabic numerals of value on ground of horizontal lines. Side borders -and a few ornaments complete the design. Shapes: Oblong rectangular for -the Two, Five, and Thirteen Cents; upright rectangular for the other -values. (_Illustrations 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72._) - - (A) _On yellowish paper. Perforated 12._ - - 2 c., green (shades). - 5 c., brown ( ” ). - 10 c., black ( ” ). - 12 c., red ( ” ). - 13 c., orange ( ” ). - 24 c., Prussian-blue ( ” ). - - (B) _On white paper. Perforated 12._ - - 2 c., green. - 10 c., black. - 12 c., red. - 24 c., Prussian-blue. - - (C) _Rouletted._ - - 5 c., brown. - -_Remarks._—The latter variety is taken from _The Halifax Philatelist_ for -July, 1888, page 82. The Five Cents of this and also of issues V. and -VII. has been seen perforated 14, but no explanation is forthcoming of a -kind of mystery which appears to overhang these specimens. There is some -doubt as to their authenticity. - - -Issue V. 1868-70. - -_Four values._ Engraved and printed in _taille-douce_, by the American -Bank Note Co., of New York, on white wove paper; machine perforated. -Designs: ONE CENT. Three-quarter-face portrait of the Prince of Wales -in Highland costume, looking to the right, on ground of wavy lines, -within a shaded oval frame inscribed below “NEWFOUNDLAND” in white Roman -capitals, and above with the letters “N. F.” Over the upper portion of -the oval is a scroll with value in full in white Roman capitals, Arabic -numeral of value in the two bottom corners. THREE and SIX CENTS. Profile -bust portrait of Queen Victoria to right in widow’s weeds, on shaded -background of horizontal lines within an arched frame. Two curved labels -above, inscribed respectively “THREE” (“SIX”) and “NEWFOUNDLAND.” Curved -label below with value in full, all in white Roman capitals. Scroll -ornaments in each corner, the upper ones containing Arabic numerals -of value and the lower ones small five-rayed stars. Shape: Upright -rectangular. The FIVE CENTS is the same design as that of the preceding -issue, with the colour changed. (_Illustrations 73, 74, 68._) - - (A) _Perforated 12._ - - 1 c., purple-brown (shades). End 1868. - 3 c., vermilion ( ” ). July, 1870. - 5 c., black ( ” ). End 1868. - 6 c., dull lake ( ” ). July, 1870. - - (B) _Perforated 10½ (?)._ - - 5 c., black. - - (C) _Rouletted._ - - 5 c., black. - -_Remarks._—The variety of the Five Cents, rouletted, is taken from the -same paper as that of the previous issue. Neither of these stamps has -come under the notice of the Society. - -It is somewhat peculiar that after issuing a stamp in 1866 with portrait -of the Prince of Wales arrived at manhood, another should have been -issued nearly three years later representing him as a little boy. - - -Issue VI. 1871-1873. - -_Two values._ In May, 1871, a new die was engraved for the One Cent of -1868. The chief alterations noticeable are in the face of the Prince of -Wales, and the letters “N. F.,” which are closer to the scroll. On April -1st, 1873, the Three Cents of the last issue appeared with its colour -changed to blue. The perforation of both stamps is 12. (_Illustrations -75, 74._) - - 1 c., lilac-brown (shades). - 3 c., blue (shades). - - -Issue VII. 1876-1879. - -_Four values._ Similar to the preceding values as regards designs, but -the stamps are rouletted. The Five Cents also has its colour changed -to blue. The One Cent is printed from the plate of the last issue. -(_Illustrations 75, 67, 74, 68._) - - 1 c., lilac-brown (shades). End 1877. - 2 c., green ( ” ). End 1879. - 3 c., blue ( ” ). End 1877. - 5 c., ” ( ” ). End 1876. - - -Issue VIII. Early in 1880. - -_Four values._ Engraved and printed in _taille-douce_ by the -British-American Bank Note Company, of Montreal, on white wove paper; -machine-perforated 12. The entire sheet of each value contains 100 -stamps, arranged in ten rows of ten. These stamps are coarse imitations -of those printed by the American Bank Note Company. Designs: ONE -CENT.—Three-quarter face portrait of the Prince of Wales in Highland -costume looking to right, on ground of horizontal lines, within inscribed -oval. Ornamented circles in the upper corners, lettered respectively -“N” and “F;” ornamental numerals of value below. TWO CENTS.—Cod fish -on background of horizontal lines; curved inscribed labels above and -below; ornamental scrolls in lower corners with numerals of value. -THREE CENTS.—Portrait of Queen in widow’s weeds to right, on ground of -horizontal lines; curved label above, and straight label below, inscribed -with white Roman capitals. Circles in upper corners with numerals of -value; side ornaments, resembling thigh bones. FIVE CENTS.—Seal on -ice-floe; curved label above, and straight label below, inscribed in -white Roman capitals. Circles in lower corners with numerals of value; -ornamental border. Shapes, upright rectangular for the One and Three -Cents, oblong rectangular for the other two values. (_Illustrations 76, -77, 78, 79._) - - T. “ONE CENT.” B. “NEWFOUNDLAND.” T. “NEWFOUNDLAND.” B. “TWO,” - “THREE,” “FIVE CENTS.” - - 1 c., madder-brown, grey-brown (shades). - 2 c., yellow-green ( ” ). - 3 c., blue ( ” ). - 5 c., ” ( ” ). - -_Remarks._—The Two Cents was not issued until two or three years after -the other values. - - -Issue IX. Early in 1888. - -_Six values._ Engraved and printed in _taille-douce_ by the -British-American Bank Note Co., of Montreal, on white wove paper; -yellowish gum; machine-perforated 12. The entire sheet of the Ten Cents -contains fifty stamps, arranged in five vertical rows of ten; while -those of the other five values are composed of one hundred stamps -each, in ten rows of ten. Designs: HALF CENT.—A plain upright shield, -with ground of horizontal lines, shaded at either side; bears in the -centre, the head of a Newfoundland dog enclosed within a pearled circle, -surrounded by a circular band of solid colour, inscribed in white Roman -capitals with the name of the Colony at the top, and the value “HALF -CENT” at the bottom, the two last words being separated by a small -upright tablet, with rounded top and pearl border, containing “½” in -white Arabic numerals. TEN CENTS.—Brig in full sail, to right; curved -label of solid colour above, inscribed with the name of the Colony; -similar straight label below with the value in full, both inscriptions -being in white Roman capitals; small scroll-like ornaments at either -end of the bottom label; circle of solid colour, with Arabic numerals -of value at each side of the stamp. Scroll-like ornaments complete the -design, which is evidently copied to some extent from the Thirteen Cents -of Issue IV. The One Cent, Two, Three, and Five Cents are the same -designs as the preceding issue, but with the colours changed. Shapes: -Small square for the Half Cent, upright rectangular for the One and Three -Cents, oblong rectangular for the other three values. (_Illustrations 80, -76, 77, 78, 79, 81._) - - ½ c., rose-red. - 1 c., bright green. - 2 c., orange. - 3 c., brown. - 5 c., dark blue. - 10 c., black. - - -POST CARDS. - - -Issue I. April 1st, 1873. - -_One value._ Designed and printed by the American Bank Note Co., of New -York, upon medium white card; size, 4⁹⁄₂₀ × 2⅕ inches. The left upper -corner contains an irregular upright fancy label, with pendant. The label -bears a large capital coloured Roman letter “N” upon ground of coloured -horizontal lines. The pendant is broken in the centre by an ornamental -circle, containing the word “TO” in coloured early English characters. -At the top of the card, in the centre, is an ornamental scroll, the left -end of which is wound round the right side of the label just described. -The scroll bears “EWFOUNDLAND” in coloured fancy capitals. Below the -scroll there is a straight ornamental label, inscribed “POST CARD” in -white fancy capitals, upon ground of coloured horizontal lines. Beneath -the label is “THE ADDRESS ONLY TO BE WRITTEN ON THIS SIDE,” in coloured -slanting capitals, in a straight line; lower down three ruled lines for -the address, each one of which is shorter than the one above it. The -stamp is in the right upper corner of the card, and is of the same type -as the One Cent adhesive, issue 1871. The groundwork of the card is -filled in with innumerable interlaced circles, and crossing these are a -number of straight lines which converge towards the left bottom corner. -The design of the card is completed by an ornamental border, with rounded -corners. The border is broken at the bottom, in the centre, by a small -label with rounded ends inscribed “AMERICAN BANK NOTE CO., N.Y.,” in -white Roman capitals, and the corners contain large fancy white crosses. -Size of border, 4½ × 2½ inches. (_Illustration 82._) - - 1 c., green (shades). - - -Issue II. June, 1879. - -_One value._ Designed and printed by the American Bank Note Co., of New -York, upon thick white card. Size, 5¹⁄₁₀ × 3³⁄₂₀ inches. At the top -of the card is the inscription in three lines: 1st, _Universal Postal -Union_ in coloured fancy letters, the word _Universal_ being curved, with -ornamental lines above and below; 2nd, “NEWFOUNDLAND. TERRE-NEUVE,” -in coloured slanting block letters; 3rd, “POST CARD,” in white fancy -capitals on a coloured ornamental label, the ground of which is filled in -with horizontal lines. Lower down three ruled lines for the address, each -one of which is slightly longer than the one above it. The stamp, which -is similar in type to the Three Cents adhesive (issue July, 1870), but -with the value changed to Two Cents, is in the right-upper corner. The -design of the cards is completed by a fancy border, with large ornaments -at the four corners. Size, 4⁹⁄₁₀ × 2⁹⁄₁₀ inches. Outside the border, at -the bottom of the card, and in the centre, is the name of the makers in -small coloured Roman capitals. (_Illustration 83._) - - 2 c., vermilion-red. - - -Issue III. January (?), 1880. - -_One value._ Designed and printed by the British-American Bank Note Co., -of Montreal, upon medium light buff card. Size, 4⁹⁄₁₀ × 3³⁄₁₀ inches. The -inscription, which is at the top of the card, is in three lines: 1st, -“_Universal Postal Union_,” in a curved line in coloured fancy letters; -2nd, “NEWFOUNDLAND TERRE NEUVE,” in coloured slanting block letters, -also curved; 3rd, “POST CARD,” in white fancy capitals on a coloured -ornamental label, with groundwork composed of horizontal lines. Below -the label there are three dotted lines for the address, each one of -which is shorter than the one above it. The stamp is in the right upper -corner. Design: Three-quarter face portrait of Queen Victoria to left, -in widow’s weeds, resting her head upon her right hand, on ground of -horizontal lines, within a plain circular band, which is filled in with -fine lines. The circle is surrounded by an ornamental frame, principally -filled in with vertical lines. At the bottom there is a straight label of -solid colour, bearing the value, “TWO CENTS,” in white Roman capitals. -The design of the card is completed by a fancy border, measuring 4½ × 2⅘ -inches. Inside the frame, at the bottom of the card, in the centre, is -the name of the designers, in small coloured letters. (_Illustration 84._) - - 2 c., orange-vermilion (shades). - - -Issue IV. July, 1880. - -_One value._ Designed and printed by the British-American Bank Note -Company, of Montreal, upon medium light buff card; size, 4¾ × 2⁹⁄₁₀ -inches. The design is a somewhat poor copy of the first issued card. The -scroll at the top with the name of the Colony is a little altered, and -the word “TO” is in different type, upon a groundwork formed of diagonal -lines. The stamp is replaced by the type of the One Cent, adhesive, issue -1880, and the groundwork of the card consists of interlaced circles and -ovals only. The frame is altogether different, and the name of the makers -is placed outside the bottom of it in the centre on a narrow label; size -of frame, 4⅕ × 2¹¹⁄₂₀ inches. (_Illustration 85._) - - 1 c., green (shades). - - -Issue V. May (?), 1889. - -_One value._ Issued provisionally, pending a fresh supply of Two Cents -cards. It consists of the One Cent card of the preceding issue, with -the stamp surcharged across the centre in black “2 CENTS,” with Arabic -numeral and Roman capitals, two straight bars at the top obliterating the -original value, and an Arabic numeral “2” over the figure “1” at each -bottom corner of the stamp. - - 2 c., black surcharge, on 1 c., green. - - - - -NOVA SCOTIA. - - -PRELIMINARY NOTES. - -_BY E. D. BACON._ - -Nova Scotia is a peninsula between 43° 46′ N. lat., and 61° 67′ W. long., -connected with New Brunswick by an isthmus about 14 miles wide. Its -length is about 300 miles, and its breadth about 100 at its widest, with -much variation. The island of Cape Breton, separated by the Gut of Canso, -forms part of the province. It contains an area of 20,907 square miles, -about one-fifth part of which consists of lakes, rivers, and inlets of -the sea. - -Nova Scotia was discovered by John Cabot in 1497; it was colonized by -the French in 1598, who gave it the name of _Acadia_. It was taken by -the English, and a grant of it made to Sir W. Alexander by James I. -in 1627; and it was this monarch who altered the name to Nova Scotia. -In 1632 it was restored to France, with Quebec, by the Treaty of _St. -Germain-en-Laye_, but again ceded to England at the Peace of Utrecht, -in 1714. After the Peace of Aix-la-Chapelle, in 1748, a settlement of -disbanded troops was formed there by Lord Halifax, and the city which -now bears his name is the capital of the province. Cape Breton was not -finally taken from the French until 1758. From 1784 to 1819 it formed a -separate Colony. - -Thanks to Mr. Donald A. King’s persevering assiduity in hunting up -official notices, and other particulars connected with the stamps of -this Colony, we have from him what may be considered almost a complete -history of their introduction and use. His papers are most interesting -and valuable, as they elucidate many previously obscure points in regard -to these stamps, and I think the Society has acted wisely in republishing -them as they originally appeared in _The Halifax Philatelist_. -Amongst other information Mr. King gives from the Report of the -Postmaster-General of Nova Scotia for the year 1852 occurs this sentence: -“Postage stamps valued at One Shilling, Six Pence, and Three Pence have -been procured from Trelayney Saunders, Esq., stationer, of London.” -Trelawney (as the name should be spelt) Saunders is given in Kelly’s -_Post Office London Directory_ of 1851 as a “mapseller, publisher, and -stationer, agent by appointment for the ordnance maps and admiralty -charts,” &c. &c.; and his address was 6, Charing Cross. He it was who -evidently received the order from the Colony for a supply of postage -stamps, which he must have entrusted to Messrs. Perkins, Bacon, and Co. -to carry out, as it was this latter firm who engraved the stamps. - -Mr. King gives an extract from one of the Reports, which authorizes the -bisection of the Three Pence to allow the prepayment of the 7½d. rate -to England; but the Report states distinctly the Three Penny stamp was -alone to be used for that purpose. As in the case of New Brunswick, -both the Six Pence and One Shilling are found bisected. The Nova Scotia -varieties are probably due to the same causes as those I have given for -the former Colony. The following particulars found in the Report of the -Postmaster-General of Great Britain, published in 1857, will give us the -early postal rates of Nova Scotia: - - “In 1842, ’51, ’53, ’54, and ’56 measures were successively - adopted for the establishment of a low rate of postage. - - On Letters not exceeding ½ oz. 3d. - Above ½ oz. and not exceeding 1 oz. 6d. - Above 1 oz. and not exceeding 1½ oz. 9d. - - And so on in proportion. - - “Letters posted and delivered in the same town are charged 1d. - only per ½ oz. - - “Newspapers are conveyed free. - - “On printed Circulars, Prices Current, Handbills, &c., the - postage is 1d. per oz. - - “Books, &c., are allowed to pass free of charge when not - exceeding 2 ozs. in weight; but above that weight, and up to - 48 ozs. (to which weight the Book privilege is limited), the - postage is ½d. per oz.” - - The rates to England on May 1st, 1856, were— - - Not above ½ oz. “direct” 7½d. - Ditto, by United States and British Packet 10d. - Ditto, by United States Packet 1s 5½d. - -The present Inspector of Post-offices is Mr. C. J. Macdonald, and the -Postmaster at Halifax Mr. H. W. Blackader. The stamps of this Colony -became obsolete on May 27th, 1867, the date of the formation of the -Dominion of Canada. - -Before giving a detailed list of the stamps of Nova Scotia, the Society -thinks it would be advisable to reproduce here the excellent articles -upon the stamps of this Colony from the pen of Mr. Donald A. King, which -were published in _The Halifax Philatelist_ for December, 1887, January -and December, 1888. Most of the information Mr. King gives is entirely -new to collectors, and he traces back the date of the first issue from -1857, the year it has previously been put down at in the catalogues, to -September 1st, 1851. - - “ISSUING OF THE FIRST POSTAGE STAMPS IN NOVA SCOTIA. - - “In looking over any of the standard stamp catalogues, the - reader will see that the date for the issue of postage stamps - in Nova Scotia is 1857, and New Brunswick in 1851. It always - seemed to me as very peculiar, considering the nearness of the - two countries and the resemblance in their Governments, that - Nova Scotia should be so long behind New Brunswick in issuing - stamps. - - “I determined to turn the matter up on the first possible - occasion, and see if the dates were in reality correct. - - “On enquiring at the Provincial Secretary’s office in Halifax, - I found that all records of the Nova Scotian Post Office - Department had, at the confederation of the British North - American provinces, been transferred to Ottawa. However, - through the kindness of the Hon. W. S. Fielding, the Provincial - Secretary, I found in the legislative library the yearly - reports of the Postmaster-General of the province for the years - previous to confederation. Starting with 1857—the supposed date - of issue—I found that postage stamps were regularly mentioned - in all parts of the Departmental accounts. - - “It was the same in 1856, 1855, and 1854. A person would - imagine from the way the accounts read that stamps had been - used for twenty years previous. - - “In the Reports dated January 7th, 1854 (being the work for - 1853), I found an item of information which is not given in any - catalogue. It is as follows: - - “‘ONE PENNY postage stamps having recently been received from - London and put into circulation are now to be had in nearly - every Post-office in Nova Scotia. - - “‘There are at present stamps for One Shilling, Six Pence, - Three Pence, and One Penny; and the public have thus every - facility afforded them to prepay their letters to any place - to which stamps can free them. His Excellency’s Government - having at considerable outlay introduced into the country - the system of prepayment by stamps, it is a subject of - gratulation that the public at large are beginning to feel - and appreciate their convenience and advantages, a much - larger amount having been issued from my office during the - past than the previous year, being an increase of over 25 per - cent., as will be seen by reference to Report I.’ - - “Thus finding that the One Penny had not been issued till some - time after the other values were, I then turned to the Report - dated January 2nd, 1853 (being the report for the year 1852), - in which he says: - - “‘Postage stamps valued at One Shilling, Six Pence, and - Three Pence have been procured from Trelayney Saunders, - Esq., stationer, of London, and supplied to stationers, - postmasters, merchants, and others at a discount of 5 per - cent. allowed on sums of £5 and upwards. During the past year - there have been issued from my office postage stamps to the - value of £355 2s. 6d. This is a much smaller circulation than - was anticipated at the time of their introduction into the - provinces, the public generally, I apprehend, not yet clearly - understanding their use, nor appreciating their advantages. - - “‘They are deposited with the Receiver-General for safe - keeping, from whom I procure them when a supply is needed. - Application has been made for One Penny stamps, which are - expected to arrive shortly.’ - - “Then taking the Report for January 5th, 1852, I find among the - accounts of the Post Office Department for the quarter ending - the 5th January, 1852, the following issues: - - “‘By amount of postage stamps on hand £100 - By amount due Receiver-General for postage stamps 100 - Consisting of 3 penny to value of £52 - ” ” 6 ” ” 24 - ” ” 1 shilling ” 24’ - - “Also in same Report accounts for quarter ending 5th October, - 1851. - - “‘By amount of postage stamps £100 - Cash paid to Hon. Jos. Howe, being amount remitted by - him to Trelayney Saunders, Esq., for postage stamps - for Nova Scotia £221 14s. 8d.’ - - “These extracts from Postmaster General’s Reports and from Post - Office Department Accounts will positively decide the question - as to date of issue. - - “The Three Penny, Six Penny, and One Shilling were, I should - think, issued to the public in the second quarter of 1851; and - the One Penny were probably put out about the last part of 1853. - - “In the same Reports I also found the following: - - “‘To remedy to some extent the serious inconvenience said - to be experienced by merchants and others in consequence - of there being no Seven and One Halfpenny currency postage - stamp, by which parties who feel desirous could thus prepay - their letters to England, and not wishing to put the province - to any further expense in having another ‘die’ prepared, - I considered it expedient to allow half stamps to be used - with those now in use, to obviate the want of accommodation - complained of; and a circular was accordingly forwarded to my - deputies, and a notice issued to the public, to the effect - that letters could be prepaid to England by stamps by parties - using a Six Pence or two Three Penny stamps together with - half a Three Penny stamp. The Three Penny stamp to be cut - diagonally, and the Half to be equivalent to 1½d. The Three - Penny stamp alone to be used for that purpose.’ - - - “The Three Penny stamp I have never seen cut and used in that - manner. This order was issued after the reduction of the packet - postage to England from 1 shilling to 7½ pence. - - “Major Evans in his Catalogue mentions the Three Penny - surcharged ‘PAID 5 CENTS,’ and also overprinted ‘5 CENTS.’ - This I think can be easily explained, as will be seen by the - following: About 1854 (I think, but am not sure) an agreement - was entered into between the Postmasters-General of Nova Scotia - and the United States for the exchange of correspondence - between their respective countries. It was agreed upon that the - postage should be 5 cents, the Nova Scotian Three Penny stamp - to be equal to that value. - - “All letters going to the United States from Nova Scotia, west, - to be stamped on the face, whether they were paid or not, by - the office which despatched the mail to the United States. - The stamp which was used for that purpose corresponds in all - particulars with the supposed surcharges. This stamping I have - no doubt has occasionally been done on the postage stamps, and - thus those so-called surcharges have become known. - - “All the efforts that I made to find out who first proposed - the introduction of postage stamps in Nova Scotia were in - vain. But I presume, judging from the accounts of the Post - Office Department, that the Hon. Joseph Howe was instrumental - in doing so. This indeed was an act worthy of the liberal and - enlightened mind of one of Nova Scotia’s greatest sons. - - “DONALD A. KING.” - - “NOVA SCOTIA STAMPS. - - “In the December number of this paper I had an article on the - proper date of issue of the Pence stamps of Nova Scotia. In it - I ventured to assert that they were issued in the middle of - 1851. Since then, on further investigation, I have discovered - the exact date of issue. The proof is obtained in the following - extract from the _Chronicle_ of the 30th of August, 1851: - - “‘NOTICE TO THE PUBLIC. - - “‘Postage stamps having been received from England, notice - is hereby given that stamps of Three Pence, Six Pence, and - One Shilling can be purchased at this office on and after - _Monday, the 1st day of September next_. - - “‘NOTE.—Postage stamps before being used should be examined - to ascertain that they will firmly adhere (as in the event of - their falling off the letters become charged with postage), - they should then be placed on the front of the letter, _and - upon the right hand corner of the upper side_. Should this - direction not be attended to, from the rapidity with which - the duty must be performed, letters which bear stamps will - frequently be taxed, while the parties receiving them will - be put to much trouble in obtaining a return of the postage - improperly charged. - - “‘In all cases of complaint, whether of any irregularity, - the covers of the letters (and contents in all practicable - cases) must invariably be kept and sent to the post-office as - affording the only means of investigating the complaint. - - “‘A. WOODGATE, D.P.M.G. - - “‘GENERAL POST OFFICE, HALIFAX, _August 25th, 1851_.’ - - “This will, I think, settle the matter as to the proper date of - issue. - - “While on this subject it would be as well to give the same - information in regard to the Cent issue of Nova Scotia, - although there is no error in regard to the date of those as - there is to the first issue. The extract following is taken - from the Report of the Postmaster-General of Nova Scotia for - 1860. He says: - - “‘Postage stamps of a new design, and adapted to the decimal - system, were obtained, with the consent of the Governor - in Council, from the New York American Bank Note Co., and - circulated on the 1st of October last (1860). The design, - colour, and value of the stamps are as follows: One Cent, - black; Five Cent, blue; Eight and a Half Cent, green; Ten - Cent, scarlet; and Twelve and a Half Cent, black. - - “‘A supply of 19,000 sheets, or 1,900,000 stamps, equal in - value to 132,000 dollars, has been obtained from the above - firm, costing for their manufacture and incidentals 901.50 - dollars.’ - - “It will be seen that there is no mention made of the Two Cent - stamp. This value was not issued till some time after the other - stamps had been, for the reason that there was no use for it - until what was called the ‘County Postage Act’ came into force. - The following extract from the Postmaster-General’s Report is - self-explanatory: - - “‘To enable me to carry out that part of the Act, passed - during the last session, in reference to the Post-office - reducing the postage to two cents on a letter posted in a - county for delivery within the said county, it was necessary - to procure for the public convenience a stamp for the - prepayment of this particular class of letters. Application - was accordingly made to the New York American Bank Note Co. - for a supply, and 5000 sheets were procured at a cost to the - Department, including die, of 226 dollars. - - “‘The reduced rate came into operation on the 11th May - last, and has yielded for the first five months, ended 30th - September last (as far as I have been enabled to glean from - the returns in my possession) a revenue of 450 dollars, a - less amount, in my opinion, than would have been realized - under the higher rate for the same period.’ - - “The following list will give us the precise date of all except - the One Penny. Of it I can do no more than give the year, and - about the probable time, judging from the Postmaster-General’s - Report. The list is as follows: - - 3 pence } - 6 ” } Issued 1st September, 1851. - 1 shilling } - 1 penny ” about 3rd quarter, 1853. - 1 cent } - 5 ” } - 8½ ” } Issued 1st October, 1860. - 10 ” } - 12½ ” } - 2 ” ” 11th May, 1863. - - “Those extracts will, I think, finally settle the date of the - stamps of Nova Scotia. - - “DONALD A. KING.” - - “THE SURCHARGED AND PROVISIONAL STAMPS OF NOVA SCOTIA. - - “The title of this is no doubt startling, but it is true - nevertheless. It is a well-known fact in Philately that nearly - every country has some stamps, provisional or error, that are - not found in catalogues, but which are nevertheless known to - exist, as the St. Pierre Miquelon P.D., the Bremen Marken - error, and so in Nova Scotia we have the so-called surcharges. - In February of this year I received a parcel of old Nova Scotia - stamps from a friend in Port Hastings, Cape Breton, and among - them I found three Three Penny stamps, with 5 c. in an oval - printed on them. They had all been cut out of the envelopes, - having a part of the paper as a margin, and as I had in writing - for them specified the dates between which the Pence issues - would be found, all the stamps had the respective dates of the - letters pencilled on the backs of them. Immediately taking - the three surcharged stamps I returned them, and asked if the - envelopes from which they were cut could be sent me, and I - was lucky enough to get them. I then thought I had a bonanza, - a regular surcharged stamp of Nova Scotia, overlooking the - fact that there were no other cancellation marks on them. - The three letters had all been mailed from the same office, - Baddeck, within a month—January 13th, 20th, the third the day - of the month does not show, 1860—and all addressed to the - same person. To make me more sure of the fact of their being - really a surcharge, I saw in No. 304 of _Le Timbre Poste_ - an illustration of one which was in the collection of M. de - Ferrari, and which was precisely the same as the three I had. - Being informed that the postmaster who is now at Baddeck, was - the same as was there in 1860, I decided to write him for - information on the subject, and find out how those stamps came - to be surcharged. Imagine my disappointment when I received the - following answer: - - “‘BADDECK, NOVA SCOTIA, _April 24th, 1888_. - - “‘DEAR SIR,—Twenty-eight years ago I made my own stamps out - of wood, and had the 5 c. one that appears on envelopes - enclosed. Without any order I used the latter in manner - thereon as I do now in a hurry with ink or date stamp. - Enclosed paper shows stamps then in use, but I cannot find - the 5 c. one. I could tell you how the wind blew and the - temperature forty years ago, but I had a job to find the old - stamps. - “‘(Signed) ROBERT ELMSLY.’ - - “The stamps referred to in the letter were impressions from the - old hand stamps in his office. To understand the latter part - of this letter thoroughly, it must be understood that it was - a rule of the Nova Scotia Post Office Department (and is now - of the Canadian) that a stamp should not be cancelled with pen - and ink, or with date stamp, but with a cancellor, so that in - case the stamp should come off the postmark would be on the - envelope, and the origin of the letter could thus be found. - This of course could not be done if the postmark was on the - stamp. The objection to ink was that it could be cleaned, and - the stamp used again. This letter, of course, exploded the idea - of a surcharge. Not long after this Mr. J. N. Crane showed me - an envelope he had, which was mailed from Whycocomagh, C.B., - February 29th, 1860, with a pair of Six Penny stamps with the - figure 10 surcharged on each; but, as in my own case, there - was no other cancellation on them. Mr. Crane’s theory is, - that as the currency was changed to dollars and cents in the - beginning of 1860, and that as 6d. was then worth only 10 c., - that the postmaster at Whycocomagh put it on the Six Penny - stamps to show that he sold them for that price. If this was - the case I should think more would be found, and until then - I will continue to believe that this surcharge was only an - accidental cancellation, although in support of Mr. Crane’s - argument there is a figure five alongside of my own Three Penny - stamp, illustrated. It seems, however, a singular coincidence - that his and mine should be mailed at almost the same dates, - Mr. Crane’s being mailed at Whycocomagh, 1860. Another manner - in which those stamps are likely to be thus overprinted is - this: In 1854 there was a new postal treaty arranged between - the United States and Nova Scotia, one of the agreements of - which was that the rate should be 3d. per ½ ounce, and that - all prepaid letters sent by Nova Scotia to the United States - should be stamped on the face of them ‘PAID 5 CENTS,’ the - equal in United States currency to 3d., or 10 cents if it was - a double rate. This may have been occasionally struck on the - stamp accidentally, and would thus make a surcharge. I have - myself seen an envelope in which the edge of the paid stamp has - missed the Three Pence stamp by only a hair-breadth. Some of - the surcharges have no doubt originated in this manner. - - “The provisional stamps of Nova Scotia are the split ones, of - which only one value, the Three Penny, was authorized to be so - used, and that for a specific purpose; viz., to allow the rate - of postage to Great Britain, 7½d., to be made up. This cutting - of the Three Penny was authorized by the Postmaster-General, as - in his report for 1853 he says, ‘To remedy to some extent the - serious inconvenience said to be experienced by merchants and - others in consequence of there being no Seven and One Halfpenny - currency postage stamps, by which parties who feel desirous - could thus prepay their letters to England, and not wishing - to put the province to any further expense in having another - “_die_” prepared, I considered it expedient to allow _half_ - stamps to be used with those now in use to obviate the want of - accommodation complained of; and a circular was accordingly - forwarded to my deputies, and a notice issued to the public to - the effect that letters could be prepaid to England by stamps, - by parties using a Six Pence or two Three Penny stamps together - with _half a Three Penny stamp_. The Three Penny stamp to be - cut diagonally, and the half to be equivalent to 1½d. The Three - Penny stamp alone to be used for that purpose.’ - - “Of the authorised split stamps I have met with five varieties. - The Six Penny cut diagonally, and used as three pence; also Six - Penny, but cut perpendicularly, an extremely rare variety, - which is the only one I have ever seen cut in this manner. I - have also seen three other varieties; they are the Ten Cents, - cut diagonally and used as Five Cents, also cut perpendicularly - and used for same; and the Five Cents, cut diagonally and used - for the county postage of two cents. - - “Another variety I have found is an oddity; it is a Six Penny - cut, and used for what? Under it is written in red pencil ‘5 - CTS.’ I have two almost the same; the other has, however, only - the figure 5 in red under the half stamp. The stamps have - undoubtedly prepaid the letter, as the colour in which the ‘5 - CTS.’ is written shows it, red being the paid colour. They - probably originated at some small post-office out of stamps, - and who marked them in red as paid letters, and sent them and - the money for stamps to the next post-office; or they were - given by some one on the road to a mail courier (as was the - practice then as now), with the money to prepay them, and he - marked them in red as prepaid, and had them stamped at the - nearest post-office. - - “All the split stamps of Nova Scotia are very rare, and should - be greatly valued by collectors. Off the original envelope - they are valueless, and I have been sorely disappointed more - than once on receiving them in that condition. While in Nova - Scotia we have not got those varieties of types in stamps which - some other countries have; still, we can make up a number of - interesting varieties which are unknown to most collectors, and - in nearly every case have never been mentioned in catalogues. - - “DONALD A. KING.” - - -POSTAGE RATES FROM NOVA SCOTIA IN THE YEAR 1854. - - LIMIT OF WEIGHT ¼ OUNCE. - - _s._ _d._ - To Alexandria 2 3 - Algeria 1 10 - Austria 2 8 - Bavaria 2 2 - Belgium 2 3 - China 2 10 - France 2 3 - Gibraltar 2 1 - Holland 2 2 - Hong Kong 2 10 - India 2 10 - Norway 2 7 - Portugal 2 1 - Prussia 2 2 - Russia 2 6 - Spain 2 2 - Sweden 2 2 - Turkey 3 0 - - LIMIT OF WEIGHT ½ OUNCE. - - _s._ _d._ - To Adelaide 2 0 - Antigua 1 8 - Australia 2 1 - Bermuda 0 8 - Brazil 3 9 - Cape Verde 2 10 - Cape of Good Hope 2 0 - Chili 1 7 - Cuba 1 3 - Denmark 1 10 - -The following figures show the increase in the sale of postage stamps in -Nova Scotia in the first four years after their introduction, viz.: - - £ _s._ _d._ - 1852 Amount sold 325 2 6 - 1853 ” 473 4 8 - 1854 ” 898 0 6 - 1855 ” 1656 16 3 - -An increase of five hundred per cent.—_The Halifax Philatelist_, vol. -ii., page 7. - - -REFERENCE LIST OF THE PHILATELIC SOCIETY, LONDON. - - -Issue I. September 1st, 1851. - -_Three values._ Engraved and printed in _taille-douce_ by Messrs. -Perkins, Bacon, and Co., of London, upon stoutish blue wove paper; -yellowish gum, imperforate. Design: The design is almost exactly -similar to that of the first issue of New Brunswick, but the lower star -contains a mayflower, the heraldic emblem of the Colony, instead of a -rose inverted. The name of the Colony is in block type on all three -values; “POSTAGE” and the value in Roman capitals on the Three Pence, -and block letters on the Six Pence and One Shilling. The word “SIXPENCE” -has a coloured line down the centre of each letter. Shape, lozenge. -(_Illustrations 86, 87, 88._) Upper left border, “NOVA;” upper right, -“SCOTIA;” lower left border, “THREE PENCE,” “SIX PENCE,” “ONE SHILLING;” -lower right, “POSTAGE.” - - 3d., blue, dark blue (shades). - 6d., dark green, yellow-green ( ” ). - 1s., lilac-mauve, dull violet ( ” ). - -_Varieties._—All three stamps are found cut in two and used for half the -nominal values, although, as we see from Mr. King’s paper, the Three -Pence was alone authorized to be mutilated in this manner. - -_Remarks._—The colour of the paper varies considerably, from deep blue to -almost white. - -All the surcharges catalogued on the stamps of this issue may be put down -to obliterations, or as due to fraud. (_Vide_ Mr. King’s papers.) - - -Issue II. May 1st(?), 1853. - -_One value._ Engraved and printed in _taille-douce_ by Messrs. -Perkins, Bacon, and Co., upon stoutish blue wove paper; yellowish gum, -imperforate. Design: Diademed almost full-face portrait of Queen Victoria -looking to left, within a single plain-lined lozenge-shaped frame with -engine-turned background. The spandrels are filled in with arabesque -ornamentation, in which four eight-rayed stars, that are cut in half by -the lozenge-shaped frame, figure prominently. At the top, bottom, and -two sides there are narrow coloured bands, composed of diagonal crossed -lines, containing inscriptions in plain Roman capitals. Plain square -blocks in the four corners, with coloured Roman numeral of value. Shape, -square. (_Illustration 89._) - - T. “NOVA.” B. “SCOTIA.” R. “POSTAGE.” L. “ONE PENNY”—both the latter - reading downwards. - - 1d., reddish-brown (shades). - -_Remarks._—Specimens of this stamp are known upon white paper, but, -like the Three Pence of New Brunswick, the variety is only due to the -discharge of the blue colouring matter from the paper. - -This is the only stamp of Nova Scotia Mr. King is unable to give the -exact day of issue of. A note in _The Philatelic Record_, vol. x. page -48, states that the first supply was sent over to the Colony by Messrs. -Perkins, Bacon, and Co. in April, 1853; so the issue most likely took -place on or about May 1st in that year. - - -Issue III. October 1st, 1860. - -_Five values._ Engraved and printed by the American Bank Note Co., -of New York, on yellowish or white wove paper; yellowish gum, -machine-perforated, 12. Designs: ONE CENT and FIVE CENTS.—Diademed -profile of Queen Victoria to left, upon a background of horizontal -lines, crossed by diagonal lines behind the head, within a circle -composed of a plain white and a fine coloured line, arched scrolls of -diagonal lines, crossed above and below, following the shape of the -circle; curved labels of solid colour in the centre of the scrolls on -the Five Cents value only. The scrolls of the One Cent and labels of -the Five Cents are inscribed, in white Roman capitals, with the name -of the Colony above and the value in words below. The remainder of the -design is completed by arabesques and foliate ornamentation, which -encompasses the two scrolls and the circle. EIGHT AND A HALF, TEN, and -TWELVE AND A HALF CENTS.—Diademed full-face portrait of Queen Victoria on -background of horizontal and diagonal crossed lines, within an upright -oval. Vertically-lined arched scrolls above and below, for the two lower -values, inscribed with the name of the Colony above and the value in -words below in white Roman capitals. The Twelve and a Half Cents has the -upper inscription upon a curved label of solid colour, placed in the -centre of the scroll. The lower inscription is in block letters, upon a -straight octagonal label of solid colour. The remainder of the designs -are filled in with arabesques and foliate ornamentation, which differ for -each of the three values. Shape, upright rectangular. (_Illustrations 90, -91, 92, 93, 94._) - - T. “NOVA SCOTIA.” B. “ONE CENT,” “FIVE,” “EIGHT & ½,” “TEN,” - AND “TWELVE & ½ CENTS.” - - (A) _On yellowish paper._ - - 1 c., black. - 5 c., dark blue. - 8½ c., yellow-green, dark yellow-green. - 10 c., vermilion. - 12½ c., black. - - (B) _On white paper._ - - 1 c., black. - 5 c., dark blue. - 8½ c., yellow-green. - 10 c., vermilion. - 12½ c., black. - -_Varieties._—(A) The Five Cents is known cut in two diagonally, and used -for the County Postage of Two Cents. - - 2 c. (half 5 c.), dark blue. - -(B) The Ten Cents exists cut diagonally, and is also found cut -perpendicularly, each half serving as Five Cents. - - 5 c. (half 10 c.), vermilion. - -_Remarks._—The bisected varieties are unknown to the Society, but they -may be found described in Mr. King’s last paper. - - -Issue IV. May 11th, 1863. - -_One value._ Engraved and printed by the American Bank Note Co., on white -wove paper; yellowish gum, machine-perforated 12. The design is exactly -the same as that of the One Cent of the last issue, excepting the value. -Shape, upright rectangular. (_Illustration 95._) - - T. “NOVA SCOTIA.” B. “TWO CENTS.” - - 2 c., lilac, brownish-lilac (shades). - -_Remarks._—Some very dangerous and well-executed forgeries of this and -the previous set of stamps exist. They are quite as well engraved as the -real stamps, and were it not that the designs are of somewhat smaller -dimensions, they would be most difficult to detect. - - - - -PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND. - - -PRELIMINARY NOTES. - -_BY E. D. BACON._ - -This island is situated between 46° and 47° N. lat., and between 62° and -64° W. long. Its area is about 1,380,000 acres; it is about 140 miles -long, and 34 its greatest breadth. It was discovered by Sebastian Cabot, -1497; it was first settled by the French, but was taken from them in -1758. It was annexed to Nova Scotia in 1763, but, on the petition of -its inhabitants, was constituted a separate colony in 1770. By an Act -passed in 1798, which came into operation 1st February, 1799, the island -received its present name from Prince Edward, Duke of Kent. - -The introduction of postage stamps into the Colony took place on January -1st, 1861, as the following notice from _The Royal Gazette_ of that date, -published at Charlottetown, proves: - - “POSTAGE STAMPS. - - “The Public are hereby informed that stamps for the prepayment - of Letters and Packets to be sent by the Post will, on the 1st - January, 1861, be ready for circulation. The design, colour, - and value of each class of stamps are as follows: - - The Queen’s Head, profile _green_, Six Pence. - ” ” ” ” _blue_, Three Pence. - ” ” ” ” _red_, Two Pence. - - “The _blue_ or _red_ stamp will be received for payment of half - the sum it indicates, if cut in two diagonally. - - “These stamps can be had at the General Post Office, - Charlottetown, and of all Postmasters on the island. - - “(Signed) L. C. OWEN, _Postmaster-General_. - - “GENERAL POST OFFICE, _December 26th, 1860_.” - -We see from this notice the first issue consisted of three stamps, -forming five values with the two provisionals. Those first issued were -evidently the Two Pence, Three Pence, and Six Pence, perforated 9, as -they are the only values found with this large perforation. With regard -to the two provisionals, Mr. T. K. Tapling’s collection contains a -specimen of the Three Halfpenny, but I have never seen the bisected Two -Pence. The latter probably could only be employed for the prepayment of -books, &c., and consequently the stamps would get destroyed. It may be -also this provisional was soon replaced by the One Penny, orange-yellow, -when there would be no further call for its use. The disappearance of the -variety, although in this case we know the stamp was so used, naturally -strengthens the suggestions I have thrown out as regards the bisection of -the Two Pence Halfpenny and Three Penny stamps of British Columbia for -the prepayment of newspapers. - -I am unable to give the date of issue of the One Penny and Nine Pence, -as I have found no mention of these two stamps in _The Royal Gazette_; -but the file I have had access to is a very incomplete one, several years -being missing altogether from the series. The Nine Pence currency stamp, -equal to 6d. sterling, was evidently issued for the prepayment of letters -to England, as the ½ oz. rate for letters between the two countries at -that time was 6d. sterling. Here let me remark that the currency of the -island was apparently more depreciated than that of the other North -American Colonies, where we have seen 7½d. currency was equal to 6d. -sterling. - -The next notice, taken from _The Royal Gazette_ for October 22nd, 1868, -shows us the reason for the issue of the Four Penny stamp, which came -into use at this date or shortly afterwards. - - “NOTICE. - - “His Honor the Lieutenant-Governor in Council has been pleased - to approve of the following modifications in the Postal - Arrangement between the United States and this Island; viz.: - - “On and after the first day of November next, the postage on a - single Letter shall be FOUR PENCE, if prepaid at the mailing - office, and Ten Cents (equal to Six Pence) if posted unpaid; - and for other than single Letters the same charge shall be made - for each additional half ounce, or fraction thereof. Letters - for British Columbia, California, and Oregon shall be Six - Pence, if prepaid, per half ounce. - - “(Signed) THOMAS OWEN, _Postmaster-General_. - - “GENERAL POST OFFICE, CH’TOWN, P. E. ISLAND, _October 21st, - 1868_.” - -Mr. Thomas Owen became Postmaster-General on April 30th, 1867, in place -of Mr. Peter Des Brisay, who succeeded Mr. L. C. Owen. Mr. John Andrew -McDonald was appointed to the office on January 15th, 1869, in place of -Mr. Thomas Owen, deceased. - -_The Royal Gazette_ for May 27th, 1870, contains the following: - - “REDUCTION OF POSTAGE TO GREAT BRITAIN. - - “On and after the first June next, the postage on paid Letters - for Great Britain will be Three Pence sterling per half ounce, - instead of Six Pence sterling, as at present. - - “(Signed) JOHN A. MCDONALD, _Postmaster-General_. - - “GENERAL POST OFFICE, CH’TOWN, _May 20th, 1870_.” - -And in the issue of _The Royal Gazette_ of June 10th, 1870, this notice -is found: - - “MAILS, 1870. ARRANGEMENTS. - - ... - - “Postage on Letters for the Dominion of Canada, 3d. cy. each - rate; for the United States, 4d. cy.; for Great Britain, 4½d. - cy. - - “Newspapers for Newfoundland and West Indies, 1d. stg. each; - for Australia, New Zealand, &c., 2d. stg. each. Newspapers - for Great Britain, United States, and the Dominion of Canada - forwarded free. - - “(Signed) JOHN A. MACDONALD, _Postmaster-General_. - - “GENERAL POST OFFICE, CHARLOTTETOWN, _30th May, 1870_.” - -The first of these two notices gives us the approximate date and cause -of issue of the Three Pence sterling (4½d. currency), brown stamp. -It is possible the stamp was not ready for issue on June 1st, as Mr. -Tapling’s collection contains a copy of the Nine Pence cut in half and -used as 4½d. This variety is said to have been taken off a letter sent -to England in 1870, so it is possible the Nine Pence was bisected and -used provisionally previous to the issue of the brown stamp. If this was -so, and the new stamp was not ready at the alteration of the rate, the -issue no doubt took place shortly afterwards. This Four Pence Halfpenny -stamp was engraved by the British American Bank Note Co., of Montreal -and Ottawa; the earlier stamps of the Colony being produced by Charles -Whiting, printer, of Beaufort House, Strand, London. It was this Mr. -Whiting who sent in so many essays and suggestions to the Government -previous to the introduction of postage stamps in Great Britain. As -collectors know, many of these designs are beautiful works of art -compared with the mean engraving of the stamps of Prince Edward Island, -but perhaps the price offered for the stamps at the time they were -ordered had a good deal to do with their poor workmanship. - -In 1871 an Act was passed to establish a decimal system of currency in -the Island, which came into operation on January 4th, 1872. I have found -no notice in _The Gazette_ of the issue of the set of stamps with the -values in cents, but if they were not issued on the same day as the above -Act became law, they came into use shortly afterwards. The stamps of this -Colony were withdrawn from use on July 1st, 1873—the date the Island was -admitted into the Dominion of Canada. - - -REFERENCE LIST OF THE PHILATELIC SOCIETY, LONDON. - - -Issue I. January 1st, 1861. - -_Five values._ Lithographed (?) and printed by Mr. Chas. Whiting, of -London, upon medium white wove unwatermarked paper (that used for the -stamps first issued being yellowish in tone); white gum. The entire sheet -of each value contains thirty stamps arranged in six horizontal rows of -five, excepting the Two Pence, which has sixty in six horizontal rows -of ten. Designs: The same diademed profile of Queen Victoria to left -does duty for all five stamps, and the inscriptions are all in white -block letters. The ONE PENNY has the head upon a reticulated background, -enclosed within a band of solid colour, which touches the four sides of -the stamp, and is curved at the four corners. The band is inscribed at -the left top and right side with the name of the Colony and the word -“POSTAGE,” and at the bottom with the value in words. The four corners -of the stamp contain small conventional ornaments, and an outer line of -colour completes the design. TWO PENCE.—The head of Her Majesty rests -upon a reticulated background of a different pattern to that of the One -Penny, and is enclosed within a circular band of solid colour, inscribed -with the name of the Colony above and “POSTAGE” below. Straight label -of solid colour at the bottom of the stamp, with the value in full. The -spandrels are filled in with reticulations of the same pattern as the One -Penny, and the design is completed by a single outer coloured line. The -THREE PENCE is precisely similar to the Two Pence, but the Queen’s head -is contained within an upright oval band. The SIX PENCE is also similar -to the Two Pence, excepting that the head is enclosed within an octagonal -band. The NINE PENCE has Her Majesty’s head upon a similar background to -the One Penny, but enclosed within a ribbon-like band of solid colour, -inscribed with the name of the Colony and the word “POSTAGE.” The hand -is impinged upon at the bottom by a broad straight label of solid colour, -inscribed in three lines “NINE PENCE CURRENCY—EQUAL TO—SIXPENCE STG.,” -the first line being curved. Conventional ornaments in the upper corners, -and a plain outer line of colour completes the design. Shape, upright -rectangular. The One Penny and Nine Pence were not issued with the other -three values, and probably did not come into use until the year 1865. -(_Illustrations 96, 97, 98, 99, 100._) - - (A) _Perforated 9._ (January 1st, 1861). - - 2d., dark rose (shades). - 3d., dark blue ( ” ). - 6d., yellow-green ( ” ). - - _Varieties._—Divided in two, diagonally, and used for half the - values. - - 1d. (half 2d.), dull rose. - 1½d. (half 3d.), dark blue. - - (B) _Rouletted._ - - 2d., dull rose. - - (C) _Perforated 11, 11½, 12, and compound._ (1865 ?) - - 1d., brownish-yellow, orange-yellow (shades). - 2d., dull rose, carmine ( ” ). - 3d., dark blue ( ” ). - 6d., yellow-green, bluish-green ( ” ). - 9d., lilac ( ” ). - - _Varieties._—(A) Divided in two, diagonally, and used for half - the value. - - 3d. (half 6d.), yellow-green. - 4½d. (half 9d.), lilac. - - (B) _Imperforate, horizontally._ - - 3d., dark blue. - - (C) _Imperforate, vertically._ - - 9d., lilac. - - (D) _Imperforate._ - - 1d., orange-yellow. - 2d., dark rose. - 3d., dark blue. - 6d., bluish-green. - 9d., lilac. - -_Remarks._—The Two Pence, rouletted, is unknown to the Society. The -variety is described in _The Halifax Philatelist_ for November, 1888, -page 129. The writer says the specimen seen was used, and on part of the -original envelope “it has a fine wide margin, and shows the roulette cuts -plainly.” - -The imperforate stamps are believed to be proofs, and not to have been -issued in this state. A paper on the minor varieties found in these -stamps was published in _The Halifax Philatelist_ for September, 1888. -The author is Mr. David Lang, and the article a very interesting one. The -following is a reproduction of it: - - “VARIETIES OF PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND STAMPS. - - “This province has the reputation of issuing the worst-looking - series of stamps in design and execution of any of the British - North American provinces. On examining them closely there are a - number of varieties in the stamps of which I propose to give a - short list of the most conspicuous. In the - - =“One Penny, printed in sheets of thirty; six rows of five - stamps each.= - - “_Second row, fifth stamp_: White line above ‘N’ in ‘ISLAND’ - broken, filled with solid colour for about one-eighth inch. - - “_Second row, second stamp_: Full stop above ‘L’ in ‘ISLAND.’ - - “_Sixth row, fifth stamp_: No cross-bar to ‘A’ in ‘ISLAND.’ - - =“Three Pence, printed in sheets of thirty; six rows of five - stamps in each.= - - “_First row, second stamp_: White circle and coloured dot in - centre before ‘P’ in ‘PRINCE.’ - - “_Second row, fifth stamp_: Full stop between ‘E’ and ‘D’ in - ‘EDWARD.’ - - “_Third row, second stamp_: ‘I’ in ‘ISLAND’ with white dash - at top, making it look like inverted L. - - “_Same stamp_: Full stop at the top bar of the last ‘E’ in - ‘THREE PENCE.’ - - “_Fourth row, fourth stamp_: Full stop after ‘EDWARD,’ it - being in a line with top of ‘D.’ - - “_Fifth row, third stamp_: Full stop between ‘P’ and ‘O’ in - ‘POSTAGE.’ - - =“Nine Pence, printed in sheets of thirty; six rows of five - stamps in each.= - - “_Second row, fourth stamp_: Two full stops, one above the - other, after ‘STG.’ - - “_Second row, fifth stamp_: Full stop before ‘S’ in ‘STG.,’ - apparently put there instead of after ‘STG.,’ which has none. - - =“Two Pence, printed in sheets of one hundred; ten rows of - ten stamps in each.= - - “_Third row, tenth stamp_: Part of ‘T’ in ‘TWO’ off, making - it look like inverted I. Full stop before ‘T’ in ‘TWO.’ - - - “In the older printing of the One Penny a peculiarity exists - which some of our readers may have in a complete form; that - is, an outer line all around the stamp. I have four specimens - with this line in the golden yellow and yellow-brown shades, - perforated 12. Specimen No. 1 was the last stamp in the row, - and has the marginal part of the sheet attached to it. The line - is the full length of the right hand side of the stamp, the - perforation going directly through it. No. 2 has the line on - left hand side and bottom, the full length and width of stamp, - with traces of it showing on perforation at top and right hand - side. No. 3 has line showing in parts at left hand side and at - bottom. No. 4 shows only at bottom. The last two are of the - yellow-brown shade. - - “This peculiarity may also be found in the Four Pence, but - parts of the line only showing. A peculiarity of the Four Pence - is that in the diamond, on each side of the stamp, there is a - small oval ornament, which has in the diamond on the right hand - side of the stamp a small line to it at top and bottom, but on - the oval at the left hand side none at all in any. The Cent - issue with one exception is free from those errors or secret - marks, or whatever they may be. The one is in the Three Cents, - which are printed in sheets of one hundred, ten rows of ten - stamps in each. The seventh stamp of the first, third, fifth, - seventh, and ninth rows has a full stop between ‘PRINCE’ and - ‘EDWARD,’ thus ‘PRINCE. EDWARD.’ The varieties in the Pence - issue mentioned above are, I think, some kind of secret marks, - although they are not found in a regular rotation as in the - Three Cent, being arbitrarily scattered here and there over - each sheet, the varieties of each stamp when they occur being - precisely the same, so that it is hardly possible that such a - series of errors could be made unintentionally; but of this - some one with more knowledge of the stamps may be able to speak. - - “DAVID LANG.” - - -Issue II. 1st November, 1868(?). - -_One value._ Engraved and printed by Mr. Charles Whiting upon medium -white wove unwatermarked paper; white gum. The entire sheet consists -of thirty stamps arranged in six horizontal rows of five. Design: The -same diademed profile of Queen Victoria to left, as in the preceding -issue, upon background of horizontal lines. Curved scrolls of solid -colour at top and bottom of the stamp, the upper inscribed with the name -of the Colony, and the lower with the value in words. Beneath the top -scroll a small curved label of solid colour inscribed “POSTAGE.” All the -inscriptions are in white block letters. Fancy ornaments at the sides -of the stamp and a single outer line of colour complete the design. -Shape: Upright rectangular, machine-perforated 11, 11½, 12, and compound. -(_Illustration 101._) - - 4d., black - - _Variety._ Imperforate. Probably proof. - - 4d., black. - - -Issue III. 1st June 1870(?). - -_One value._ Engraved and printed by the British-American Bank Note Co., -of Montreal and Ottawa, upon medium white wove unwatermarked paper; -yellowish gum, machine perforated 12. Design: Diademed, nearly full -face, portrait of Queen Victoria looking to left, upon background of -horizontal lines, enclosed within an upright oval. Curved label of solid -colour following the shape of the oval at the left, top, and right side, -inscribed with the name of the Colony and the word “POSTAGE” in white -Roman capitals. Arabesques in the lower corners, surrounding a background -of cross-hatched lines. The left contains “3d. STG.,” and the right “CY. -4½d.” in white numerals and letters. The upper corners also contain -arabesques. Shape, upright rectangular. (_Illustration 102._) - - 4½d., yellowish-brown (shades). - - -Issue IV. January 4th (?), 1872. - -_Six values._ Lithographed(?) and printed by Mr. Charles Whiting, -of London, upon medium white wove unwatermarked paper; yellowish or -brown gum, machine-perforated 12, 12½. The entire sheet of each value -consists of one hundred stamps, arranged in ten rows of ten. Designs: -The same diademed profile of Queen Victoria to left is found upon all -the stamps. ONE CENT.—The head rests upon a background of horizontal -lines, surrounded by a circular band of solid colour, inscribed with -the name of the Colony above and the word “POSTAGE,” below. Straight -label of solid colour at the bottom of the stamp, with value in full. -Small upright rectangular blocks of solid colour in the four corners, -containing numeral of value. Spandrels filled in with reticulations, and -a plain outer line of colour completes the design. TWO CENTS.—The head -is upon a background of solid colour, enclosed within a narrow upright -oval band of reticulations. Plain label of solid colour surrounding -the upper part of the oval, inscribed with the name of the Colony and -“POSTAGE.” Straight label of solid colour at the bottom of the stamp, -with value in full. Square blocks of solid colour in the four corners, -containing Arabic numeral of value. The remainder of the design is filled -in with reticulations, with a border formed of a plain coloured line. -THREE CENTS.—The head of Her Majesty is upon a background of horizontal -lines, enclosed within a fancy trilobed band of reticulations, having -over it a curved label of solid colour inscribed with the name of the -Colony. Straight labels of solid colour at the top and bottom of the -stamp, the lower one extending quite across. The upper bears “POSTAGE” -and the bottom one the value in full. Small upright rectangular blocks in -the upper corners, containing Arabic numeral of value. The rest of the -design consists of reticulations and a border of a plain coloured line. -FOUR CENTS.—The head rests upon a background of solid colour, enclosed -within a fancy-shaped octagonal band of reticulations. Straight labels -of solid colour at top and bottom of the stamp, the upper inscribed in -two lines “POSTAGE—PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND,” and the lower with the value -in words. Square blocks of solid colour in the four corners, containing -Arabic numeral of value. The sides of the stamp are filled in with -reticulations, and a plain outer coloured line completes the design. SIX -CENTS.—The Queen’s head is on a background of horizontal lines, enclosed -within a fancy-shaped hexagonal band of reticulations. Two straight -labels of solid colour at the top, and a similar one at the bottom of -the stamp. The upper are inscribed “POSTAGE—PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND,” and -the bottom bears the value in words. Square blocks of solid colour in -the upper corners, and similar upright rectangular ones in the lower, -contain the Arabic numeral of value. Straight bands of reticulations at -the sides of the stamp and a border of a plain coloured line complete -the design. TWELVE CENTS.—Head of Queen on background of solid colour, -enclosed within a band of reticulations forming a twelve-sided figure. -Curved plain label of solid colour above, and a similar straight label -extending the whole width of the stamp below. The upper is inscribed with -the name of the Colony and “POSTAGE,” and the lower with the value in -words. Square blocks of solid colour in the upper corners, with Arabic -numerals of value. The rest of the design is composed of reticulations -and a border of a plain coloured line. The inscriptions on all the stamps -are in white block letters, excepting the values in the bottom labels of -the Two, Four, Six, and Twelve Cents, which are in Roman capitals. Shape, -upright rectangular. (_Illustrations 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108._) - - 1 c., orange-yellow (shades). - 2 c., ultramarine ( ” ). - 3 c., rose ( ” ). - 4 c., yellow-green ( ” ). - 6 c., black ( ” ). - 12 c., bright mauve ( ” ). - -_Varieties._—(A) All the values may be found with dark brown gum, which -has stained the paper and given it a brownish hue. (B) All the values -exist imperforate but they are probably only proofs. (C) The Six Cents is -known divided in two, each half serving as Three Cents. - -_Remarks._—A large stock of the stamps of each issue remained in -the hands of the postal authorities at the time the Island became -incorporated in the Dominion of Canada. The stock was disposed of in -1874 to a speculator, who has since supplied the principal stamp dealers -throughout the world. - -NOTE BY MR. T. K. TAPLING, M.P.—In _The Stamp Collector’s Magazine_, -vol. x. p. 105, will be found an amended notice relating to the values -constituting the above issue. Among them is catalogued a Ten Cents on -the authority of _The American Journal of Philately_. Some discussion -arose subsequently as to the authenticity of this value, but the mystery -attaching to it seems never to have been wholly cleared up. Very few -specimens were seen, and these appear to have been obtained by M. Moens -from what he considered a thoroughly satisfactory source. Much doubt has -been thrown upon the stamp by English writers; but a few weeks since I -was shown a specimen in Mr. Pearson Hill’s collection, which he told -me had been there over seventeen years. Mr. Hill’s connection with our -General Post Office enabled him to get nearly all his stamps direct from -Foreign and Colonial Governments, and his impression is that this stamp -reached him in the same way. It is similar in design to the Three Pence -of the first issue, of which it is apparently a copy, though the details -are rather larger and the general appearance rougher. It is a companion -in style and execution to the issue of which it is supposed to form a -part, and the perforation (machine 12) is identical. The colour is dull -mauve. It is possible that the stamp was prepared and never issued, -though even in this case Mr. Hill might quite well have had a specimen -sent him with the others by the Prince Edward Island Government; but if -it was merely a fraudulent speculation it seems strange that copies are, -and always have been, exceedingly uncommon. I venture no definite opinion -either one way or the other, and hope this short note may draw an answer -from some one qualified to speak with certainty. - - - - -ADDENDA. - - -Since the Catalogue was printed, the members of the Committee entrusted -with its publication have had the opportunity of consulting _The Halifax -Philatelist_ for the current year (1889), the numbers of which had not -previously been seen by them. - -The May number contains a copy of a recently-published Canadian postal -notice, referring to certain alterations in the rates, &c.; and in the -numbers for January and February Mr. Donald A. King has two further -papers upon the stamps of Nova Scotia; while the April number contains -a letter from a correspondent upon the bisected stamp of New Brunswick. -The Committee consider it advisable to reproduce here all the four -articles mentioned, feeling sure their contents will be of interest to -philatelists, and help to add further to the completeness of the postal -history of each of the provinces. - - -CANADA. - - “The Canada Two Cent Registration Stamp will soon be a thing - of the past. The following is the official order in connection - with it: - - “‘NOTICE TO THE PUBLIC. - - “‘CHANGES IN POSTAGE RATES UNDER AUTHORITY OF POST OFFICE - ACT, 1889. - - “‘The rate of postage upon Letters posted in Canada, - addressed to places within the Dominion or in the United - States, will be three cents per ounce instead of three cents - per half ounce as heretofore. - - “‘Upon drop Letters posted at an office from which Letters - are delivered by letter carrier, the postage rate will be two - cents per ounce instead of one cent per half ounce. The rate - of postage upon drop Letters, except in the cities, where - free delivery by letter carrier has been established, will be - one cent per ounce. - - “‘The fee for the registration of a Letter or other article - of mail matter will be five cents upon all classes of - correspondence passing within the Dominion. For the present, - and until further instructed, the registration fee may be - prepaid by using the two cent registration stamps and postage - stamps to make up the amount. - - “‘Letters insufficiently prepaid will be charged double - the deficiency as heretofore, provided at least a partial - prepayment has been made. - - “‘Letters posted wholly unpaid will be sent to the Dead - Letter Office for return to the writer. - - “‘JOHN G. HAGGART, _Postmaster-General_. - - “‘POST OFFICE DEPARTMENT, OTTAWA, _8th May, 1889_.’” - - -NEW BRUNSWICK. - - “COMMENTS ON THE SPLIT STAMPS OF NEW BRUNSWICK. - - “(_To the Editor of ‘The Halifax Philatelist.’_) - - “Having examined your plate of Nova Scotia split stamps and - oddities, I would like to mention a few notes on the split or - provincial stamps of New Brunswick. In the catalogue list of - the Nova Scotia Philatelic Association I find that there are - but two of these split or provisional stamps offered, both Nova - Scotia Six Pence, cut diagonally and used as Three Pence, and - not one split New Brunswick. - - “To all appearances, and from what I can learn, I think there - were very few of these provisional stamps of New Brunswick - used, and therefore they are very rare. I have never seen but - three or four on the original envelopes, and have but two in - my collection—a Ten Cent, vermilion, New Brunswick, cut in - half vertically, and used as a Five Cent stamp. It is on the - original envelope, and is postmarked ‘St. John, Nov. 5, 1860,’ - and ‘Kingston, Nov. 6, 1860.’ I have also heard of the Ten - Cent, vermilion, being cut _diagonally_ instead of vertically, - but have not seen any so used. - - “As the second issue of New Brunswick first came into use in - 1860, I presume the supply of Five Cent stamps ran short, and - thus suggested the splitting of the Ten Cent, vermilion, stamps. - - “I have also heard of the Six Penny stamps being cut both - diagonally and horizontally, and used as Three Penny, but have - not seen but one so used. - - “Can any of my brother collectors tell what rate was charged - for single or double letters to Australia in 1860? On the 9th - of this month I received from New Brunswick an envelope which - had been sent out to Melbourne, Australia, in 1860. It was - mailed at Kingston, N.B., in May, 1860, and went _viâ_ London. - On the envelope, which is yellow, are a One Shilling, violet, - and one half of a Six Pence, yellow, cut in half diagonally, - and presumably used as Three Pence, making a total of fifteen - pence, quite a high rate for a single letter, as such I presume - it to be. The Six Penny stamp is very bright, but the One - Shilling is somewhat faded. - - “I would like to know if any of the readers of _The Halifax - Philatelist_ have ever seen any of the high values thus - combined, as I think they are very rare, and should occupy a - prominent place in the representation of New Brunswick stamps - in all collections. - - FRED. NORTHRUP, _Port Jervis, N. Y._ - -“[The split stamps of New Brunswick are no doubt scarce, but they are -not more so than any of the other B. N. A. Provinces. Canada seems to be -the only one which did not do this, as split stamps from there are very -scarce. The rate on a half-ounce Letter from Nova Scotia to Victoria was -one shilling and threepence, and we presume it was the same from New -Brunswick.—EDITOR of _The Halifax Philatelist_.]” - -From the above letter, we can therefore add the following at the bottom -of the issue of May 13th, 1860, on page 30 of the Catalogue: - - _Variety._—The Ten Cents is known cut in two diagonally, and - also vertically. - - 5 c. (half 10 c.), scarlet-vermilion. - - -NOVA SCOTIA. - - “SOME OFFICIAL DOCUMENTS RELATING TO THE FIRST ISSUE OF NOVA - SCOTIA STAMPS. - - “The postal service of the British-American provinces, until - the year 1851, was directly under the control of the English - Post Office Department. This, with the high rate of postage, - the insufficient mail accommodation, and the stringent laws - against a private person carrying or delivering a Letter on the - post road, was the cause of innumerable complaints on the part - of the Colonies, and gave the English Post Office officials the - trouble of sending out long despatches. - - “The Colonies complained that the English Post Office took - a large amount of revenue, derived from the postal service, - which the Colonies were not able to lose out of the country. - The English officials said that there was an annual deficit - in Nova Scotia alone of £2,000 per annum. This state of - things existed for years, and every annual report of the - Post Office Commissioners which was laid on the table of the - local Legislature was full of complaints under this head. To - give a specimen from one of the reports of these Post Office - Commissions, the following is extracted from their annual - report for the year 1844 in Nova Scotia. After speaking in - favour of a large reduction in postal rates, they say: ‘This, - with the use of post stamps from dies authorized by the proper - authorities, would render the transit of Letters and Papers - less complicated, and give the relief required by the people.’ - - “To this no answer was returned till some time in 1845, when a - long despatch was received from the Postmaster-General of Great - Britain, Lord Lonsdale, who thus gives his Department’s views - of the issue of postage stamps for Nova Scotia as follows: ‘The - suggestion that postage stamps for Letters should be introduced - into Nova Scotia is one which I cannot recommend your lordship - (Viscount Falkland, then Governor of Nova Scotia) to entertain, - as I cannot but consider that considerable objections exist - to such a measure, and particularly from the facility which - it would afford to the circulation of forged stamps, with but - little chance of detection; while it is believed that the - offence, if committed in the United Kingdom, could not be - punished in the Colony, while on the other hand if committed - in the Colony it could be visited with no penalty on parties - in the United Kingdom.’ This will give some idea of the - narrow-mindedness of the English postal administration of that - time. - - “As a specimen of the postal accommodation of the province, see - this: From Halifax to Truro, by the coach road, was a distance - of eighty-three miles, and between those two points there were - only two post-offices for all the people between these places. - The mail couriers were not allowed to deliver mail on the way. - - “At last by a united effort of all the Colonies (Canada, New - Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Newfoundland, and P. E. Island), the - English Government turned over the postal administration to the - different provincial governments. From this date (July 1st, - 1851), the interesting part of the postal history of these - provinces commences. - - “In the Post Office Department’s Letter Book the first - reference to postage stamps is in the following letter: - - “‘HALIFAX, _April 21st, 1851_. - - “‘SIR,—As the period is fast drawing near when the reduced - rate of postage is to take effect in Nova Scotia, and as I - perceive, by the Provincial Act that provincial stamps are to - be provided for the convenience of the public, and not being - aware that any steps have been taken by the Government to - obtain them, I request to be informed whether His Excellency - would authorize me to make application for a supply from the - authorities of the General Post Office. - - “‘I would beg to suggest that a requisition for 5,000 sheets - or more be made, each sheet containing 240 heads, which, at - threepence, would be equal to £15,000, or £3 for each sheet. - - “‘Also, £5,000 of Six Penny stamps for double Letters, or - Letters exceeding the half ounce; and also sixty “_defacing - stamps_,” for the use of the several postmasters throughout - the province. - - “‘I would further suggest that the _head_ should be something - similar to that represented in the margin; the field to be - _blue_ instead of red, or any other colour His Excellency - would prefer. - - “‘This supply would, I imagine, be sufficient for the - first introduction of this reduced rate, when, should His - Excellency think proper, other arrangements could be made for - keeping up the supply. - - “‘Should the Lieutenant-Governor approve of this proposition, - I will apply to the Post Office in London by the next packet. - - “‘I have, etc., - - “‘(Signed) A. WOODGATE. - - “‘_The Honourable Joseph Howe._’” - - “A copy of the design mentioned in this letter is on the margin - of the Letter Book. It is a large rectangular shape, in centre - the head of the Queen, of a type somewhat like the early - Mauritius, excepting that there is not any crown or wreath - on head. This is drawn on a square of red—at top, ‘POSTAGE;’ - bottom, ‘Three Pence’ in small script writing; left side, - ‘NOVA’ reading up, and at right side ‘SCOTIA’ reading down; in - each corner a small square, with figure ‘3’ in it. The whole - look of the design is much like the early Mauritius. - - “The ‘defacing’ or cancelling stamp’s design was very much - like the one adopted, being the same oval shape; but the lines - on the face were perpendicular instead of horizontal, and the - space for inserting the office a diamond instead of circular - shape. - - “This design for stamps did not likely go further than the - office of the Provincial Secretary, to whom it was written, - and it appears that stamps must have been ordered before - this, as there does not appear to be time enough between - this date and that when stamps were issued (September 1st, - 1851) to have designs approved of and plates prepared. It is - more than probable that the Hon. Joseph Howe, the Provincial - Secretary, who, I am informed, was in London the winter - previous, had designs then submitted to him and approved of, - and ordered the necessary stamps without the knowledge of the - Postmaster-General. At the same time he apparently had the - power to decide on the design of the New Brunswick stamps, as - may be inferred from the following memorandum; or perhaps the - stamps of both Colonies were bought together for the sake of - economy. The memorandum is dated July 8th, 1851, and is copied - from the same letter-book: - - “‘MEMO. - - “‘When Mr. Howe made the application for stamps, it was - proposed that, after the first supply had arrived, the - plates could have been sent out, and impressions taken off - by engravers in Halifax. As Mr. Saunders, however, seems - to report against the proposition, I would beg to suggest, - for the consideration of the Government, that £10,000 worth - of stamps for Nova Scotia, and a similar amount for New - Brunswick; viz.— - - 3d. £5,000 - 6d. £2,500 - 1s. £2,500 - - be furnished for immediate use; or, should this amount be - considered too small, to double the above numbers. - - “‘I would also recommend that 200 half-pound canisters of - obliterating ink be also provided—100 for the use of this - province, and 100 for New Brunswick—and directions for its - use. - - “‘(Signed) A. W. - - “‘W. H. KEATING, Esq., _July 8th, 1851_.’ - - “What amount of stamps was ordered could not be found out, nor - can any trace of further orders be found until 1857, when an - application letter was sent to the Provincial Secretary, and - which will be copied later on. - - “It was mentioned in above letter that a proposal was made - that the plates should be sent out, and stamps wanted could be - printed from here. This seems to be the opinion among English - philatelists, as Mr. W. A. S. Westoby says in a letter to me of - February 6th, 1888, that he was informed by the makers of the - plates—Messrs. Perkins, Bacon, and Co.—that the plates of the - Nova Scotia and New Brunswick stamps were sent out here on the - same day—August 6th, 1851. - - “On receipt of this, I wrote Mr. F. M. Passow, who was chief - clerk of the Nova Scotian Post Office Department, to enquire - whether the plates ever came here. He said, ‘I doubt if the - plates were ever sent out to Halifax; I never saw them.’ To - make this positive, we find, in the letter to the Provincial - Secretary above referred, indisputable evidence that the plates - were in England in 1857. The letter is as follows: - - “‘GENERAL POST OFFICE, HALIFAX, _July 2nd, 1857_. - - “‘SIR,—The stock of postage stamps procured from England - some time ago being nearly exhausted, I have the honour to - request that you will be good enough to issue the necessary - directions to Mr. Stanford, No. 6, Charing Cross, London, for - a further demand; viz.— - - 10,000 sheets of 3d. postage stamps, value £20,000 - 2,500 ” 6d. ” ” £10,000 - 1,250 ” 1s. ” ” £10,000 - - Each sheet to contain 160 labels of Three Penny, Six Penny, - and One Shilling stamps, making each sheet of the value of - £2, £4, and £8 respectively, and to be the colour of those - affixed on the margin. - - “‘The last supply of stamps was furnished by Mr. Trelawney - Saunders, who has transferred his business to Mr. Stanford. - In applying for these postage labels, therefore, it will be - necessary you should furnish Mr. Stanford with your authority - to produce the key for opening the box containing the dies, - which are now in the possession of the engravers, Messrs. - Perkins, Bacon, and Petch, who also are in possession of a - key for the safe custody of the dies. - - “‘It is particularly requested that the stamps may be - forwarded at as early a period as possible, those remaining - on hand being not only nearly expended, but much injured. - When making the requisition, it would be as well to caution - the engravers not to pack the parcels too close; for when - they are strictly confined they adhere, and become useless, - as was the case with some of the packages in the last supply - furnished. - - “‘I have, &c. &c. - - “‘(Signed) A. WOODGATE. - - “‘The HON. C. H. TUPPER, M.D., M.P.T., _Halifax_.’ - - “Only two requisitions for stamps (those of July 8th, 1851 and - July 2nd, 1857) for Nova Scotia can be found, although no doubt - more than two supplies were sent. - - “Of those the Three Pence, dark blue, Six Pence, yellow-green, - and the light shade of the One Shilling, are the earlier issue. - After examination of a large number of specimens of the two - lower values on the original cover, a dark blue Three Pence or - yellow-green Six Pence is seldom found after November, 1857. - From that date the light blue Three Pence and dark green Six - Pence is the rule. At the time the last supplies were sent - out, in 1857, some sheets of the Three Pence and Six Pence - were printed on an intensely blue paper, as I have in my - collection a Six Pence on this blue paper split and used as - Three Pence on original cover, postmarked ‘Lunenburg, Dec, 7, - 1859,’ and an entire one, on envelope from same place, ‘Feb. - (date indistinct), 1860.’ The Three Pence is on a much bluer - paper than the ordinary dark shades of same on blue paper of - the earlier issue. Of the Six Pence on blue paper I have only - seen four specimens, and I have examined a large number of that - value. - - “The later printing of the Three Pence was on a white - paper, which was tinted blue on face by the ink, or - insufficiently-cleaned plates. The Six Pence is on a paper - which shows a somewhat bluish shade in it. - - “D. A. KING.” - - - “DATE OF ISSUE OF THE ONE PENNY NOVA SCOTIA. - - “While the exact date of issue of the Three Pence, Six Pence, - and One Shilling Nova Scotia stamps has been discovered, that - of the One Penny has only been guessed at. Having lately been - fortunate enough to procure access to the letter-books of the - Nova Scotia Post Office Department, I have been enabled to make - the date almost exact, as will be seen by the following letter - of the Postmaster-General of Nova Scotia, and copied from the - letter book of that Department: - - “‘HALIFAX, _May 12th, 1853_. - - “‘SIR,—I have the honour to request that I may be furnished - with a supply of [A]200 sheets of One Penny stamps (amounting - to £100), for the use of the Post Office in this Province. - - “‘(Signed) A. WOODGATE, _Postmaster-General_. - - “‘_Receiver-General of Nova Scotia._’ - - [A] The sheet of the One Penny therefore contained 120 - stamps, while those of the Three Pence, Six Pence, and One - Shilling, as we see from Mr. A. Woodgate’s letter of July - 2nd, 1857, were each composed of 160 stamps. - - “This is the first mention of the One Penny stamps in the - letter-book, and the date of issue should, I think, be taken - from that application. In the letter-book containing copies of - letters to deputies, the first requisition for One Penny stamps - is from the Postmaster of Amherst, the answer to which, here - given, is: - - “‘HALIFAX, _June 30th, 1853_. - - “‘SIR,—I beg to enclose herewith, agreeably to your request, - postage stamps to the amount of £2 5s.; viz., one sheet of - Three Pence and sixty labels of One Penny stamps. Also a - supply of the proper printed applications, one of which I - will thank you to fill up and return to this office with the - acknowledgment. - - “‘I am, &c. &c., - - “‘(Signed) C. H. H. - - “‘_Postmaster, Amherst._’ - - “Amherst was then one of the largest towns of this Province, - outside of the capital, and the amount of the One Penny - required shows the small use of this value outside Halifax. The - requisitions show that this was the usual number of One Penny - stamps asked for, sometimes a little more, and very often less, - and, being used as they were for a merely town or drop postage, - accounts for their scarcity. - - “D. A. KING.” - -[Illustration: 1 2 3 4 5 6 - -7 8 9 10 11 12 - -13 14 15 16 17 18 - -19 20 21 22 23 24 - -25 26 27 28 29 30 - -31 32 33 34 35 36 - -37 38 39] - -[Illustration: 40 41 42 43 - -44 - -45] - -[Illustration: 46 - -47 - -48] - -[Illustration: 49 50 51 52 - -53 54 55 56 57 58 - -59 60 61 62 63 - -64 65 66 67 68 - -69 70 71 72 73 - -74 75 76 77 78 - -79 80 81 86] - -[Illustration: 82 - -83 - -84] - -[Illustration: 85 - -87 88 89 90 91 - -92 93 94 95 96 - -97 98 99 100 101 102 - -103 104 105 106 107 108] - -*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE POSTAGE STAMPS, ENVELOPES, -WRAPPERS AND POST CARDS OF THE NORTH AMERICAN COLONIES OF GREAT BRITAIN *** - -***** This file should be named 64233-0.txt or 64233-0.zip ***** -This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: - https://www.gutenberg.org/6/4/2/3/64233/ - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will -be renamed. - -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the -United States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. 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