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diff --git a/old/64182-0.txt b/old/64182-0.txt deleted file mode 100644 index 600494e..0000000 --- a/old/64182-0.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,5155 +0,0 @@ -The Project Gutenberg eBook, Historical and Descriptive Sketches of the -Town and Soke of Horncastle [1820], by George Weir, Illustrated by Thomas -Espin - - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most -other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of -the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you'll have -to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this ebook. - - - - -Title: Historical and Descriptive Sketches of the Town and Soke of Horncastle - [1820] in the county of Lincoln, and of several places adjacent - - -Author: George Weir - - - -Release Date: December 31, 2020 [eBook #64182] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: UTF-8 - - -***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK HISTORICAL AND DESCRIPTIVE -SKETCHES OF THE TOWN AND SOKE OF HORNCASTLE [1820]*** - - -Transcribed from the 1820 Sherwood, Neely, and Jones edition by David -Price. - - - - - - HISTORICAL AND DESCRIPTIVE - SKETCHES - OF THE - TOWN AND SOKE - OF - HORNCASTLE, - - - IN THE - - COUNTY OF LINCOLN, - - AND OF SEVERAL - - PLACES ADJACENT, - - EMBELLISHED WITH ENGRAVINGS. - - * * * * * - - BY GEORGE WEIR. - - * * * * * - - * * * * * - - LONDON: - - PUBLISHED FOR THE AUTHOR BY SHERWOOD, NEELY, AND JONES, - PATERNOSTER-ROW. - - SOLD AT HORNCASTLE BY WEIR AND SON. - - * * * * * - - 1820. - - * * * * * - - * * * * * - - Printed by Weir and Son, - Horncastle. - - - - -PREFACE. - - -THE Author of this volume has for several years past been induced from a -partiality to topographical research, to devote those hours which he -could spare from his professional avocations to an enquiry into the early -history of the town and neighbourhood of Horncastle. The following pages -are the result of his labors, and he would have been glad to have laid -them before the public in a more perfect form; but from the difficulties -which he has had to encounter with in pursuing an untrodden path, he has -been enabled only to give them as “Sketches.” - -It was the intention of the Author to have published this work five years -ago; but in this he was prevented by local circumstances, and has -subsequently been so by an unfavorable state of health. He now submits -it to the public as the contribution of his mite towards the long -neglected topography of the county of Lincoln. - -The Account of Tattershall having in a separate publication passed -through two editions, the original intention of the Author was not to -have included it in this volume; many of his Subscribers, however, -expressing a wish to the contrary, it is in compliance therewith now -subjoined. - -The Author has to return his acknowledgements to those gentlemen who have -so kindly favored him with communications. From Edmund Turnor, Esquire, -of Stoke Rochford, he received several useful notices; and to his friend -Mr. Richard Hill, lately of Islington, he is not only indebted for many -important communications, but for great assistance in the arrangement of -the work. The principal part of the chapter on Geology is extracted from -“A Sketch of the Geology of the Lincolnshire Wolds, by Mr. Edward Bogg,” -published in the third volume of the “Transactions of the Geological -Society,” and the Author has to acknowledge the readiness with which Mr. -Bogg permitted him to make use of this valuable paper. The list of -plants was furnished by Mr. John Ward, of Horncastle, and the modern plan -of the town by Mr. C. C. Cremer, of the same place; and to the accurate -pencil of Mr. Thomas Espin of Louth, the Author is indebted for several -of the views with which this volume is illustrated. Without this -assistance he would not have been able to have combined in his work the -information which it at present contains. - -April, 1820. - - - - -CONTENTS. - -HORNCASTLE Situation 1 - During the Roman and Saxon Governments 3 - The Manor 7 - During the Civil Wars in the Reign of 12 - Charles the First - Antiquities 25 - The Church 29 - The Grammar School 35 - The River Bane and Navigable Canal 37 - The Present State of the Town 39 -SOKE OF HORNCASTLE 43 - Thimbleby 43 - West Ashby 44 - Low Tointon 44 - High Tointon 45 - Mareham on the Hill 45 - Roughton 46 - Haltham 47 - Wood Enderby 48 - Moorby 48 - Wilksby 48 - Mareham le Fen 48 - Coningsby 50 - Langriville and Thornton le Fen 53 -BAUMBER 55 -EDLINGTON 57 -SOMERSBY 59 -SCRIVELSBY 62 -BOLINGBROKE Situation 67 - The Manor 67 - The Castle 71 - The Church 73 - The Town 74 -REVESBY 76 -KIRKSTEAD 80 -TATTERSHALL Situation 83 - The Manor 83 - The Castle 86 - The Collegiate Church 88 - The Town 95 -TOWER ON THE MOOR 97 -GEOLOGY AND NATURAL HISTORY 99 -APPENDIX 107 - -PLATES. - -Frontispiece, Roman Wall at Horncastle to face the title. -North-East View of Horncastle Church to face page 29 -Monument of Sir Lionel Dymoke 30 -Plan of Horncastle in 1722, from “Stukeley’s 39 -Itinerarium” -Plan of Horncastle in 1819 40 -South-West View of Tattershall Castle, with a 86 -Ground Plan -Chimney Pieces in Tattershall Castle 88 -Geological Map 99 - -VIGNETTES. - -Roman Urns found at Horncastle page 25 -Ancient British Coin 28 -Seal of the Grammar School at Horncastle 35 -Seal of the Horncastle Navigation Company 37 -Stourton Hall, Baumber, Seat of Joseph Livesey, Esquire 55 -Edlington Grove, Seat of Richard Samuel Short, Esquire 57 -Ancient Cross at Somersby 59 -Ancient Monuments in Scrivelsby Church 62 -Remains of Bolingbroke Castle, from a drawing taken in 67 -1813 -Revesby Abbey, Seat of The Right Hon. Sir Joseph Banks, 76 -Bart. -Kirkstead Chapel 80 -Tattershall Church and Castle, from the South East 83 -Seal of Tattershall College 96 -Tower on the Moor 97 - - - - -HORNCASTLE. - - -SITUATION, &c. - - -HORNCASTLE is pleasantly situated at the foot of that bold and even range -of hills which, from their openness, have been termed the wolds. It is -nearly in the centre of the Lindsey division of the county of Lincoln, -and is the chief of a soke of fifteen parishes, to which it gives name. - -The principal part of the town is built in an angle formed by the -confluence of two rivers, the Bane and the Waring, where an ancient -fortification formerly stood, the scite of which is still visible, -denoting it to have been a station of importance in early times. - -The character of the place is however now completely changed. From a -military station it has become a situation of trade; and being surrounded -by a considerable number of villages, possesses one of the largest -markets in the county. - -Its distance from the city of Lincoln is twenty-one miles, and eighteen -from the town of Boston. - - - -HORNCASTLE DURING THE ROMAN AND SAXON GOVERNMENTS. - - -BEFORE the invasion of Britain by the Romans, whilst yet the island was -divided into independent states, the present scite of Horncastle with its -immediate neighbourhood was doubtless appropriated, like the rest of the -country of the Coritani, to the pasturing of herds and flocks. In the -formation of settlements no other circumstances influenced the Britons -than the conveniences which might be afforded them in their accustomed -occupations. Vallies fertilized by streams, and the contiguous hills -would supply food for their cattle and sheep, whilst the neighbourhood of -forests invited to the pursuits of the chase. The rich tracts of open -grass land stretching along the banks of the river Bane, and its -tributary stream, would be populously occupied by the pastoral -inhabitants of this district. Hence it may be presumed, that when the -weak efforts of the Coritani for independence had left them vanquished by -the victorious arms of the Romans, under Ostorius Scapula, and finally a -tributary state by the more efficient achievements of Suetonius Paulinus, -this portion of the country was soon secured by fixing on the present -scite of Horncastle a military station. From the almost imperishable -masses of the ancient wall which still remain, and by the numerous coins, -urns, and other vestiges of the Roman people which have been found in -this place, and are still met with in turning up the soil, it apparently -became in process of time a station of considerable importance. It is -however difficult to make any definite suggestions as to the period at -which the fortifications might have been erected, no inscription having -been found throwing light upon the subject. - -To secure by effectual barriers against insurrections, the conquests -which had already been made, whilst yet the bordering people to the -north, the fierce and powerful Brigantes, remained unsubdued, might be -deemed a sufficient inducement for raising frequent and effectual -military works among the inhabitants of this state: for it was not until -Petillius Cerealis was appointed by the emperor Vespasian to the command -in the province of Britain, that that hitherto unbridled nation were -either conquered or involved in all the calamities of warfare. Though -there be no precise data by which the decision may be guided, as to the -time of the earlier military erections which were formed at this place; -yet it cannot be ascribed to a much later period than the above -occurrences so intimately connected. At all events, it may not be -considered posterior to the effects which resulted from the wise policy -of Agricola. Immediately on his arrival to assume the command, he placed -along the frontiers of the several subjugated districts, a chain of -fortresses: these were constructed with so much care and judgment, that -the inhabitants of those parts where the Roman arms had not then -penetrated, could never consider themselves secure from the vigor of the -conqueror. {4a} The people, soon after this, completed their submission -to the yoke by yielding to the allurements of Roman manners. Their -ferocity was tamed: from a savage people, running wild in woods, they -became cultivated, acquiring knowledge, and dwelling in towns; and -finally sweetened their slavery, by indulging in the pleasures of -polished life. - -From the circumstance of this station being situated on the river Bane, -several antiquaries have concurred in fixing here the BANOVALLUM of the -Roman geographer Ravennas. This opinion has been the more readily -adopted from the etymology of the name; the latter part of the word being -Latin, and collectively signifying a fortification on the Bane. It is -indeed probable that the Romans might have been induced at first to make -a station at this place, from its convenient situation, easily rendered -defensible by a _vallum_, or temporary barrier, drawn across the aperture -of the two rivers from one bank to the other, and thence came its -designation. Afterwards they built the indissoluble stone wall, whose -vestiges after the lapse of ages are manifest nearly the whole compass -round. {4b} It is to be regretted that Ravennas gives no distances: he -merely places BANOVALLUM next after LINDUM, so that nothing decidedly -certain can be gained from his work. - -But, though it cannot be positively ascertained that this spot was the -Roman BANOVALLUM; yet as the name most evidently points out a -fortification on the river Bane, there appears little reason to question -it; both from its contiguity to the colony of LINDUM, with which place it -had communication by means of a military road; {5} as also from its -situation; particularly as no other remains of the Romans have been -discovered on that river, nor yet any near to it, except some coins at -the village of Ludford, where the Bane has its source; and traces of an -encampment at Tattershall, more than a mile distant from its banks. - -In what circumstances this station may have been involved from the final -subjugation of the Britons by Agricola, under whose paternal government -the province felt some portion of enjoyment in cultivating the arts of -peace, is not known: but, from the evidence of antiquities, it is -perceptible that it continued a place of importance down to the period -when the Romans in the decline of their empire had withdrawn from -Britain; though probably, in the security of a long abstraction from war, -its military strength was somewhat disregarded. No sooner however had -the necessities and the mistaken policy of the enervated inhabitants, -again left to themselves, called to their assistance the warlike Saxons, -against the eruptions of the northern barbarians, than we find this place -agitated, in common with the rest of the country, by all the calamities -which were connected with the desperate contests that ensued;—the Britons -struggling for liberty, against the eagerness for dominion on the part of -the victorious Saxons. These people, according to the practice which -prevailed amongst them of changing the names of Roman stations, gave to -this the appellation of HYRNCASTRE or HORNECASTRE, from its situation in -an angle formed by the junction of the two rivers, which denotes a -fortification in a corner, of which the present name is evidently a -corruption. - -The Roman fortress was at that time either destroyed, or in a very -dilapidated state; for Horsa, the Saxon general and brother of Hengist is -stated to have enstrengthened the fortress of Horncastle. This -fortification however did not continue long; for Horsa being defeated in -an engagement with the Britons, under the command of Raengeires, at the -neighbouring village of Tetford, Vortimer king of the Britons caused it -to be beaten down and rendered defenceless. {6} - - - -THE MANOR. - - -BY the record called Domesday, compiled towards the latter end of the -reign of William the Conqueror, it appears that the manor of Horncastle, -previous to the close of the Saxon government, belonged to Editha the -queen of Edward the Confessor; but at the time of making that survey it -formed, together with the soke, part of the possessions of the king. {7a} - -When this manor was separated from the crown does not appear; but in the -reign of Stephen it was the demesne of Alice or Adelias de Cundi, who -resided at her castle here, which leaves it to be concluded that she held -it by inheritance from her father. {7b} As she took part against the -king in his contention with the Empress Maud, he seized her lands, but -restored them again on condition that she should demolish her castle, the -means which had served to render her political alliance formidable to his -interest. {7c} What may have been the extent and nature of the structure -possessed as the mansion of Adelias is not now discoverable, no traces -being to be found; but its strength most probably consisted in a -restoration of the walls of the Roman fortress, which encircling some -convenient and less durable edifice, gave to the place of her residence -the security of a castle. - -The restitution, by Stephen, of these lands to Adelias de Cundi, seems to -have been only for life, as her heir did not succeed thereto; for this -manor came again to the crown, and was afterwards given by Henry the -second to Gerbald le Escald, a Fleming, who held it for one knight’s fee. -{8a} Gerbald le Escald, was succeeded by his grandson and heir Gerrard -de Rhodes; but for a short time after his death, Ranulph Earl of Chester -appears to have held it, probably in trust for Gerrard de Rhodes, during -his minority. Gerrard was succeeded by his son and heir Ralph de Rhodes, -who in the reign of Henry the third, sold this manor to Walter Mauclerke, -the third Bishop of Carlisle, who also held the office of Treasurer of -the Exchequer. In conformity with the spirit of the times in which this -sale was effected, the bishop and his successors were to hold the estate -by the performance of suit and service to Ralph de Rhodes and his heirs. -In the fourteenth year of the same reign, the transfer to Walter -Mauclerke was confirmed by the king, who in the same year also granted to -him three several charters, conferring those immunities upon the manor -and soke, which served to raise the town of Horncastle from the -dependence of a village, to become in some degree the mart of the -surrounding country. - -The first of these charters gave to the bishop free warren over this -manor and the soke: the second the liberty of holding an annual fair at -this place, which was to commence two days before the eve of the feast of -St. Barnabas, and to continue eight days: the third had for its objects -the empowering of the bishop to try felons, {8b} and to hold a court -leet; also the exemption of the inhabitants of the manor, and the soke -from toll, and several other payments and services, beside protecting -them from arrest by the sheriff’s and king’s officers. An additional -charter was granted in the following year enabling the bishop to hold a -weekly market here every Wednesday; and also another annual fair to -commence on the eve of the feast of St. Lawrence, and to continue seven -days. {8c} The custom of holding a fair on the anniversary of this -festival appears to have prevailed at an earlier period, it being alluded -to in the grant of the former fair. - -In the same reign, Gerrard, the son and heir of Ralph de Rhodes, appears -to have preferred his claim to this manor, which had been sold by his -father; {9a} perhaps in consequence of some omission in the performance -of those services by which the estate was to be held. His claim does not -appear to have been successful; for in the seventeenth year of the same -king, the bishop fined to hold this manor in fee, but not to alienate -without licence. {9b} - -Walter Mauclerke resigned the see of Carlisle in 1246, and as this manor -devolved to his ecclesiastical successors, it may be inferred that it had -been purchased to increase the revenues of the bishoprick, and not to be -appropriated as his private property. The privileges of such essential -interest to the estate, which had already been conferred by the preceding -charters, were in part strengthened by fresh acknowledgements to the -Bishops of Carlisle, in the reigns of the two succeeding kings; Edward -the first confirming the grant of free warren, {9c} and Edward the second -that which exempts the inhabitants of the manor and soke from certain -payments and services. {9d} - -At the period of Richard the second, Roger le Scrop and Margaret his -wife, with Robert Tibetot and Eve his wife, heirs and descendants of -Gerbald le Escald, appear to have advanced a claim to this manor, and to -have succeeded in obtaining letters patent, confirming to them homage and -service from the ecclesiastical possessor. {9e} At that time also, when -the border contests had laid waste the see of Carlisle, and divested the -bishops of their seat of Rose Castle in Cumberland, they were -necessitated to take up their residence at Horncastle, which continued -for some time to be their principal place of abode. {9f} - -In the twenty-fifth year of Henry the sixth, that monarch confirmed the -several charters granted to the bishops as lords of this manor, by Henry -the third, and also conferred on them numerous other privileges. {10a} - -This manor continued in the possession of the Bishops of Carlisle, until -the reign of Edward the sixth, when, under the authority of a licence -from the crown, it was sold by Bishop Aldrich to Edward Lord Clinton, -who, during the time he held it, compounded with the copyhold tenants, -and enfranchised their estates; but after Mary had ascended the throne, -he was compelled to re-convey his purchase to the see of Carlisle, {10b} -to which, since that time, it has continued to belong. Bishop Aldrich -died at this place in March, 1555, the second year of the reign of Queen -Mary: from which it appears, that the estate had either been restored -previous to his decease; or, in the conditions of the sale, he had -reserved to himself the privilege of residing in the manor house. {10c} - -Queen Elizabeth had a lease of this manor from the then possessing -bishop, in which she was succeeded by James the first, who assigned it to -Sir Henry Clinton, knight; but owing to a neglect of enrolment, it proved -void. {10d} The present lessee is The Right Honorable Sir Joseph Banks, -Baronet, by whom, and his ancestors, it has been held about a century. - -The large tract of fen land, situated between this place and Boston, at a -very early period belonged to the lords of this manor, in conjunction -with the lords of the manors of Bolingbroke and Scrivelsby; but by the -grants which they gave to the neighbouring abbies at Revesby and -Kirkstead, their right therein became comparatively small. {11} On the -enclosure of these fens, pursuant to Act of Parliament, in 1801, about -six hundred acres were annexed to the parish of Horncastle, eighty-one -acres of which were allotted to the lord of the manor; the remainder to -the owners of common-right houses. - -The parochial extent of Horncastle, exclusive of the fen allotment, is -about one thousand three hundred acres, two hundred and fifty of which -are contained in the manorial estates. - - - -HORNCASTLE DURING THE CIVIL WARS IN THE REIGN OF CHARLES THE FIRST. - - -NOTWITHSTANDING that in this part was born that individual of the family -of Plantagenet, whose assumption of the throne plunged the country, for -half a century, into the civil wars which nearly exterminated the ancient -nobility; yet had the soil here been unstained by the blood so profusely -shed. Partaking, in common with all, the miseries of the land, it seemed -peculiarly exempted from beholding those contentions of the houses of -York and Lancaster which sprung from the elevation of Henry of -Bolingbroke to the sovereignty of England. It was however otherwise when -the usurpation of unlimited power on the part of Charles the first had -urged a war between the people and the king. As peculiar circumstances -of policy and interest had brought the military operations into these -parts, it will be necessary in their detail to revert to the conduct of -the parties opposed in the opening of the war. - -No sooner had the commons demanded concessions from the royal -prerogative, as the only security against the repeated encroachments -which had been made on the privileges of the people, than they were -impelled, by the insincerity of the monarch, to protect the interest of -the subject by every possible means. The right of the sword was looked -upon as the exalted claim of the patriot alone; but as either party -considered themselves influenced by the sacred love of their country, -both made gradual advances to an appeal: the one to protect the liberties -of the people; the other, those general interests which seemed connected -with upholding the authority of the king. As the commons were sensible -that the monarch would seize the first favourable opportunity to -reinstate himself in the former excess of his power, the earliest -precautions were taken in regard to the military establishments of the -country. Amongst these was secured the important fortress of Hull, -containing the arms of all the forces which had been levied against the -Scots: with these the parliament also assumed to themselves the disposal -of the militia, a force indeed collected, but totally untried in the -conduct of war. The king, on erecting his standard, opposed to this, as -a resource of strength, his Commission of Array. The call of the monarch -was obeyed by each county, as the political inclinations of individuals -led them, or in submission to the influence and example of those men of -fortune, with whose interests that of their tenantry was intimately -connected. {13} - -The contest carried on in the south and in the west with vigor, already -appeared favorable to the royal cause. In the north, however, it -sustained a decided check, by the strong hold which the parliament -possessed in the garrison of Hull, then commanded by Lord Fairfax, who, -unable to maintain the field against the Marquis of Newcastle, had there -retired, determined to repel a siege with courage and ability; and to -diminish the strength of his enemy by sudden incursions. - -The disposable forces of the parliament, not immediately required for the -defence of Hull, were too inconsiderable to oppose the march into the -south. Notwithstanding this, the affairs of the king were ruined by -confining the efforts of a powerful army to investing this fortress; -while the active enemy, though few in number, acquired by their boldness -and intrepidity, an effective strength in the field. When Oliver -Cromwell, then beginning to signalize himself as the companion in arms of -the young and gallant Sir Thomas Fairfax, had by a signal victory at -Gainsborough, routed the royal troops; the Marquis of Newcastle, -beholding his brother Cavendish dead, amid the noblest and bravest of his -soldiers, seemed as if awakened by the calls of vengeance to the -necessity of more extensive exertions. He therefore suddenly decided on -harassing his opponents, while weak and inefficient, by dispatching a -competent force into the heart of Lincolnshire. Cromwell, though a -conqueror, was obliged to make a precipitate retreat; and as Lincoln was -not defensible, he hastened on the day succeeding his victory to Boston; -intending there, with the young Sir Thomas Fairfax, who was proceeding -with additional horse from Hull, to concentrate their forces with those -of the Earl of Manchester. {14a} - -The division of the royal army, destined for these parts, was entrusted -to the command of Sir John Henderson, an old and valiant soldier, and to -Sir William Widdrington, who was appointed governor of Lincoln. As these -leaders were anxious to requite themselves for the defeat which had so -recently crowned the conquerors with the applause of heroism, they -determined to draw the enemy to an engagement before their reinforcements -should arrive: ere this however could be effected, Manchester, upon -advice of their intention, after possessing himself of the strong -fortress of Lynn, had advanced with the disposable part of the army of -the associated counties. Such appeared to be the mutual disposition of -affairs in the north, at the beginning of October 1643, in the first year -of the civil war. - -The army of the parliament, about six thousand foot, and thirty-seven -troop of horse being concentrated at Boston, it was determined that -companies should be distributed into such parts as might secure their -early co-operation, whensoever occasion should require. Bolingbroke, -defended by a castle held by the partizans of the king, called forth into -exertion their vigor and the alacrity of their courage. {14b} This they -decided upon as the place of military operation; whilst as the -neighbourhood promised the most favorable circumstances for a field, they -would there invite the enemy on to battle. Accordingly ten companies, -commanded by Major Knight, an officer under Sir Miles Hobart, were -disposed of at this place. A regiment was quartered at Stickford, {14c} -about two miles distant; and three companies of the Earl of Manchester’s -own at the village of Stickney. The cavalry were all distributed into -the country round, for about eight or ten miles distance. - -In the evening after their arrival, the castle of Bolingbroke, was -summoned. The answer in effect was, that “the commander need not expect -that the demands of arrogance alone should win the castle.” From this -determined reply promising a strenuous defence, dispositions were -immediately taken to acquire it by a regular siege. The church and a -neighbouring house were occupied by the assailants, earth works were -thrown up, and the assault commenced, but without much effect. - -During this time, the royalists, bold, eager, and trusting that a -generous heroism would nerve them for victory, waited only the -opportunity for attack. Upon learning the arrival of the Earl of -Manchester, they lost no time in drawing out all their military from the -several garrisons of Lincoln, Newark, and Gainsborough, still stimulated -by an undaunted resolution to find out the enemy and advance to the -combat. Hastening on, they arrived, early on the day previous to the -battle, at the out-posts of the parliamentary forces. - -No sooner had a detachment from the king’s army, advancing on the western -road, been observed at Edlington, reconnoitring the lines of their enemy, -than word came to Sir Thomas Fairfax, the commandant of the cavalry at -Horncastle, that a surprize was expected. Information was accordingly -dispatched to the Earl of Manchester: it found him at East Kirkby hill, -with Colonel Cromwell, and the Lord Willoughby of Parham, intently -observing the progress which the besiegers made against the castle of -Bolingbroke, and assiduously ordering the dispositions of attack. Roused -at this communication, Cromwell immediately hurried to collect the troops -dispersed around. Fairfax was still every where distributing horsemen -for the purpose of enquiry, cautious to ascertain and forward such -accounts as might be obtained of the progress and number of the royal -forces; who though eager for battle, were careful to deliberate on the -promises of success. As the party who caused the alarm, suspecting -themselves seen, had drawn off with such intelligence as they gathered, -there seemed reason to suppose that the main body of the royalists were -yet at a considerable distance: Fairfax therefore about sun set, learning -nothing additional, proceeded to the quarters at East Kirkby, to confer -on the measures proposed for the expected conflict. In the mean time the -Earl of Manchester, with Lord Willoughby and some other officers, had -with the like object hastened to Horncastle, previously appointing that -at that place the forces should be immediately collected; where being -drawn together, the most effective resolutions might be taken for -ensuring a victory, or lessening the calamities of a defeat. - -It was not until the dusk of the evening that the royal army, under Sir -John Henderson, moved rapidly on to the station of their enemy. They had -judged that the dubious light would serve to conceal their true numbers; -and that as nothing was known of them with certainty, but their anxious -readiness for the encounter; so their opponents, whether few or many, -deeming them prepared for every casualty, might by their indecision leave -an easy conquest to their arms. - -The out-posts were surprized by the precipitate advance of these hostile -forces; and in the unprepared circumstances of those who maintained them, -and the disparity of their numbers, there was afforded them no means of -encountering their difficulties, but the hardihood of a cool intrepidity. -This indeed was a stern calmness which always pervaded the breast of a -Puritan who was a soldier. He did not untremblingly bare his bosom to -the steel because, like a Roman, he abstractedly considered fear -inconsistent with the nobler qualities of human nature; but because the -factitious enthusiasm of his religion had taught him to look with -indifference on temporal things. If the general good required the -sacrifice of his life, the particular calamities of his family were -dismissed with scarce a thought beyond a pious supplication. It was this -feeling which finally rendered the parliament victorious in their -contest. However in this unlooked-for state the soldiers at the -out-posts were exposed to much perplexity, and many were the dangers -recited amongst them on the morning of the gathering of their strength -for the field of battle. Some finding themselves surrounded, -out-numbered, and in all the perilous circumstances of desperate warfare, -were obliged to supply by politic conduct the helplessness of their -condition. These therefore, hastily mounting their horses, agreed with -much resolution to break through the opposing ranks, sword in hand, with -the words of mutual encouragement, “Come on! come on! all is our own,” -thinking that the enemy, by these ambiguous shouts, fearing an ambuscade, -would leave to them an easy passage by the sudden confusion of their -alarm. In this manner about four companies encountered two thousand -cavalry, with the loss of only three men. - -Though these warriors, taking the advantage of the darkness of the -evening, were enabled by their resolute conduct to overcome these -difficulties; yet as the royal army had already advanced onward to -Horncastle, in strong and numerous detachments, they were exposed in -their retreat thither to fresh and obstinate encounters. Perceiving, as -they approached the town, that they had come up to another party of the -enemy’s horse, they determined, after saluting them as friends, to hurry -onward as if destined for some urgent duty. They had, however, scarce -passed them, when flushed with the success of their stratagem, and -feeling the pride and bravado of soldiers, who deemed their individual -preservation as of little value to their common strength, if purchased -without the blood of their enemy, they turned to the attack of the unwary -royalists. “For whom are ye?” said they. “For the king.” “We are for -the king and parliament.” Scarcely had these declarations been -interchanged, when rushing precipitately on the unsuspecting enemy, and -throwing them into disorder, they fled towards the town, deeming -themselves secure in the quarters of their comrades, and considering -their valour rewarded in the acclamations that would greet them from -their friends. But Horncastle, surprized at the approach of numerous -hostile forces, had been evacuated by the detachment of horse which -possessed it; and the inhabitants, as soon as the town was seized by the -troops of the king, having secured the entrances and roads through it, by -forming barriers with carts and timber; the cavalry found themselves -again obliged to exert their unyielding valor in turning upon their -pursuers. Desperately therefore they burst through them with the full -energy of their courage, sustaining the loss of some few men, among whom -was a cornet; but bringing away prisoners as the evidence of their perils -and their triumph. {17} - -At this period of hurried confusion, and the setting in of the night, the -Earl of Manchester reached the town. He heard the rejoicings of the -troops, thus victorious in the dangers of their retreat; taunting the -enemy with their shouts, as they drew off undefeated from their toils. -Finding now that the place designed for the assembling of his forces was -already possessed by the enemy, he hastily recalled the orders for the -general rendezvous at Horncastle, and appointed Bolingbroke in its stead. -Thither at night repaired the dispersed soldiery of the parliament, -except three or four troops of horse, who in the difficulties of -retreating before superior forces, had been obliged to proceed by the -circuit of Tattershall, and did not arrive until the next morning. - -At Bolingbroke, Manchester designed to wait for the enemy; but Cromwell, -actuated by prudence, urged the delaying of the battle, since the troops, -upon whose prowess and exertion success depended, were wearied, and -little able to sustain the ardour of the fight. {18} The royal army were -however too eager to secure the promises of a victory, to permit their -adversaries to renew their strength by avoiding the contest. As soon as -the morning had dawned and the silence of the surrounding country assured -them that their enemies were withdrawn from near them, and were -assembling together at Bolingbroke, they arrayed themselves for the -encounter. Before the middle of the day they marched out, in strength -about seventy-five troops of horse, and five thousand foot, to meet the -soldiers of the parliament. Foreboding with certainty that this would be -their determination, Manchester was constrained to the resolution of -giving them battle, and immediately advanced towards them. - -The spot upon which the contending armies engaged was a gently rising and -broadly extended eminence, at a village called Winceby, midway between -Horncastle and Bolingbroke. It commands an extensive prospect of the far -stretched fen-lands of the county; whilst to the westward is seen those -cliffs, on the summit of one of which magnificently rises the cathedral -of Lincoln. This the royal army had contemplated as a district, which by -victory was either to be restored to the authority of the king; or by -defeat to afford an effectual check to the military operations in the -north, and to be ensured as a further resource to the parliament. The -noon was already passed when the armies came in sight of each other. The -royalists trusting with confidence to their mutual ardor, rejoiced when -they beheld the adverse soldiers advancing to meet them, though amid the -wild chant of hymns for mercy and for victory. In the fields immediately -before them they fixed the order of their battle: formed into closely -compacted lines, the cavalry was placed in the advance, and covered the -infantry. The left wing of this array, was commanded by the general Sir -John Henderson. {19a} - -The Earl of Manchester, pressed for ground in the marshalling of his -forces, presented alone his cavalry to the fight; the infantry, headed by -himself, being stationed so far in the rear that they were unable to -second the exertions of their horsemen. {19b} The disadvantages arising -from fatigue, with the closeness of ground, and inequality of numbers -were apparent to the warriors of the parliament. In the doubtful -promises of the contest, their leaders sought to replenish their -strength, and supply their situation by words and by actions, infusing -into them an energy and martial ardour rivalling their own. Fairfax, who -knew by experience that the undaunted intrepidity of a few was more -efficient in its achievements than the impetuosity of those who relied -for security on their numbers, pointed to his men the imposing array of -his adversaries, exclaiming “Come let us fall on; I never prospered -better than when I fought with my enemies three or four to one.” -Cromwell, by the apparent bravery with which he was animated, promised -them that examples of heroism should not be wanted, whilst life was given -him to lead them. {19c} - -On the other hand, the commander of the royal forces did not lose the -opportunity which was afforded him of reminding his fellow soldiers that -vengeance was yet due for the defeat at Gainsborough; and that now was -supplied them a time to requite themselves for the blood of the -illustrious brother of Newcastle. He set before them the necessity of -strenuous exertions and important sacrifices, by pointing to the example -of one, who exalted amidst the mighty of the land, lately fighting among -them, did not hesitate to devote himself to death for the cause of his -sovereign. At the moment therefore when the armies were ready to engage, -the royalists raised the cry of “Cavendish! on for Cavendish!” which was -as loudly answered by the enthusiastic shout of “Religion!” the zeal -which animated those who proclaimed it, by inspiring them with hopes of -immortality, rendered death less to be dreaded than the misfortunes of a -defeat. {20a} - -Scarce had the words of onset been given, when the divisions of cavalry, -under the command of Cromwell and Fairfax, were led to the charge by -Vermeydun, a soldier of valour, who headed the first detachment as a -forlorn hope, aspiring to the honour of directing his comrades on to -victory. Already the horsemen of the royalists, with a well directed -precision, had vigorously poured into their ranks the second discharge of -their fire arms. These did some execution among them; and Cromwell thus -early had his horse shot under him. A minute had elapsed before the -parties fiercely met in the close encounter, arm to arm. Cromwell for a -time was compelled to grapple on foot with his enemies, entangled amid -the trappings of his dying charger. Though felled to the ground as he -attempted to extricate himself from this perilous situation, he rose -uninjured. This singular man, bold and intrepid, animated by zeal, -foremost in the fight, struggling with disasters, seemed peculiarly -preserved in all his dangers, to fill that situation in the page of -history, where, though elevated by violence, he powerfully commands our -admiration by his success, his prudence, and the daring of his genius. -Sir Ingram Hopton, who at this moment had attempted to seize him, was -killed. {20b} Cromwell, now recovering a horse from a soldier near him, -bravely led on his companions to the combat, strengthening their stern -courage by the most signal proofs of his personal bravery. - -Not with less valor was the conflict sustained on the part of the -royalists. Sir John Henderson, the hardy veteran of former battles, firm -as a rock amid the rushing of the waves, resisted every impetuous -assault. His adversaries were driven back in disorder; but these men, -not readily to be repulsed, returned, with a cool bravery and redoubled -vigor to the attack. For half an hour, firm and undecided, continued the -contest, sword against sword, and fortitude repelling courage. The -resolute warriors, who sustained the furious charges of Fairfax and -Cromwell, (for the whole were not engaged,) relinquished not a portion of -their ground. At last, a division commanded by Sir William Saville -wavering, though reluctant to give way, became routed and completely -disordered. Yielding they struck confusion into the other bodies of -their own horse; and these again were hurled with precipitance upon the -mass of their infantry. All being alike borne down in this part of the -field, none were left to second the broken and disordered in again -advancing to the combat. The division of Sir John Henderson and Lord -Ething alone maintained itself unyielding and unsubdued. The exulting -army of the parliament, now taking advantage of the discomfiture of the -other troops, and the tumult of the infantry, assailed with a desperate -charge the yet unrepulsed. In vain did the royalist commander exhort his -men to be resolute and undismayed; but no prudence could uphold the -advantages which valor must lose. Their fortitude was giving way to -despair; and the successful, elated with the promises of victory, found -no equal disputants in men dismayed by the certainty of a defeat. -Perplexed amid the various and ineffectual efforts of the other bodies of -the royal troops, the disheartened defenders of the field yielded beneath -the shock of the adverse weapons. The victorious soldiers now fiercely -plunging in amidst the routed dragoons, many of whom at this time were on -foot and in the most appalling confusion, saw them quickly disappearing -beneath the havoc of their swords and the fury of their horses. The -infantry were for the most part destroyed; for being intercepted by a -body of cavalry, scarce a man survived the carnage. {21a} There was now -no safety but in a dishonorable flight. The pursuit continued beyond -Horncastle with unremitting fury; and along the road were strewed the -horse and the rider, the dead and the dying. {21b} - -The soldiers under the command of Manchester, who as yet had partaken in -no respect in the glory of the blood-shed, reserved their efforts for -securing the prisoners, and assisting the scarce breathing wounded of the -enemy, who were scattered about the field in groups. Such partisans as -had recently been embodied by the commission of array were pitiably -supplicating the mercy of their conquerors. Cursing with deep execration -that little regard which had hurried them to the fight, without a feeling -of interest in its issue, they cried out that the commission of array had -brought them thither against their wills, and blessing the cause of -liberty and religion, added “We die as true servants of the parliament as -any in England, and woe be to those who were the cause that Lincoln and -York became the prey of such a war.” {22a} - -Though the battle was fought with determined obstinacy; yet, whilst the -parties maintained their ground, the loss was comparatively small: the -havoc that ensued was among the routed and the flying. There were killed -but few on the side of the parliament. Those of rank who were slain of -the royal forces were Sir George Bolles, and Sir Ingram Hopton. The -prisoners, about one thousand in number, were the wounded on the field, -and those parties of the dispersed fugitives, who to avoid the -overwhelming carnage of their pursuers had secreted themselves amongst -the rugged and winding banks of a neighbouring river: many indeed were -taken whilst seeking refuge in the very waters, where some had already -perished, bleeding and wearied in their armour, overcome in their -inability to recover themselves from the deeper parts of the stream. The -trophies which the conquerors obtained in the fight of Winceby field, -were arms for fifteen hundred men, and thirty-five standards. {22b} - -Returning from the pursuit, the exhausted cavalry rested for the night in -the villages around Horncastle. The infantry occupied quarters in the -town, where they found two hundred horses left by their fugitive enemy. -Of the wounded, the Earl of Manchester ordered especial care to be taken, -whilst the dead were hastily consigned to the nearest graves. The body -of Sir Ingram Hopton was brought to Horncastle and buried in the church: -for Cromwell who did not permit his political resentment to render him -callous or insensible to the generous feelings of a soldier, experienced -some sympathy for the individual whose ardor in attempting his -destruction, for what was deemed the welfare of his country, had cost the -sacrifice of his own life; he therefore, upon his arrival in the town, -commanded the inhabitants to fetch the body of Sir Ingram Hopton, and -inter it with the honors due to his rank; observing that though an enemy, -he was a gentleman and a soldier. {23a} - -Of those royalists who escaped the slaughter, there were scarce a -thousand efficient for the field; and these were destined to sustain -another overthrow at the battle of Lincoln close, which completed the -warfare in this county. Bolingbroke castle had already yielded; and this -with Tattershall, the principal places of defence in this neighbourhood, -were soon after devoted to the dismantling policy of the parliament, -which doomed them with the noble edifices of the country, to that -destruction which left them but ruins in silent and lingering decay. - -Although this victory afforded a cause for so much rejoicing to the -friends of the parliament; yet were its consequences mightier for the -interests which it strengthened, by the defeat, on the same day, {23b} of -the Marquis of Newcastle before the fortress of Hull. The Lord Fairfax -and Sir John Meldrum, making a desperate sortie, had completely -overthrown the royalists with much slaughter; forcing them, though -protected behind strong entrenchments, to abandon the siege with the loss -of all their cannon. The impolicy of the royalist commander was now -perceptible too late. This ruin of the affairs of the king seemed at -once to have obliterated all the generous services which the faithful -Newcastle had made in the cause of his sovereign; and shortly after these -disasters he retired to the continent, {23c} where he spent a life of -indigence, until the restoration gave again the royal authority to -Britain. These actions, though inconsiderable in themselves, were yet -great in their effects. The expectations of the royalists in Yorkshire -were now nearly blasted: Lincolnshire, after the occupation of its city, -escaped the further deluge of blood; and the defeats served to assist in -hastening the fight of Marston Moor, where the hopes of Charles were -reduced to that one gleam of hope, which was finally extinguished at the -battle of Naseby. - - - -ANTIQUITIES. - - - [Picture: Roman Urns found at Horncastle] - -AMONGST the remains of antiquity at this place, the vestiges of the Roman -fortress are the most worthy of attention; and although they are too -small to give an adequate idea of the original structure, are yet -sufficient to show the form and extent of the space enclosed, which -appears to have been nearly a parallelogram, of about six hundred feet in -length, and in breadth three hundred and fifty on the east, and three -hundred on the west. {25} The wall by which this area was surrounded was -fifteen or sixteen feet in thickness, and composed of small blocks of a -loosely aggregated sand stone, dug from the neighbouring hills. It was -formed with casing stones on the outside, the internal parts being filled -up with courses laid diagonally, which according to the customary and -substantial mode of building among the Romans, were run together by -mortar disseminated through the interstices in a fluid state, forming a -cement which has acquired by time an imperishable induration. Of the -casing stones none are now to be seen, except in cellars which have been -formed by the side of the wall. Where the fragments are sufficiently -high, those portions of the Roman masonry, which remained after the -destruction of the fortress, may be perceived rising to about six or -seven feet above the ground, the diagonal courses of stone then ceasing. -Above this the construction is marked by masses of larger dimensions than -the lower parts; a circumstance evincing that another structure of a -different period has been erected on the original foundation: this was -probably a reparation which was made in the time of the Anglo-Saxons. At -the north-east corner of the enclosure the remains of a circular turret -are still visible; but of towers or gateways no traces are left. - -Near the junction of the two rivers, on the south-west of the town, was -formerly one of those mazes common to Roman stations, called the Julian -Bower. In these the youth were exercised in a martial game, called Troy -Town, which in after years, though divested of its martial character, -continued to be amongst the healthy pastimes of the young, in their -evening assemblies of pleasure and sport. {26} Cultivation has long -since effaced every vestige of the maze; but the piece of land on which -it stood still retains the name of the _Julian Bower Close_. - -A peculiar rustic ceremony, which used annually to be observed at this -place, doubtless derived its origin from the Floral games of antiquity. -On the morning of May-day, when the young of the neighbourhood assembled -to partake in the amusements which ushered in the festivals of the month -of flowers, a train of youths collected themselves at a place to this day -called the _May Bank_. From thence, with wands enwreathed with cowslips, -they walked in procession to the may-pole, situated at the west end of -the town, and adorned on that morning with every variety in the gifts of -Flora. Here, uniting in the wild joy of young enthusiasm, they struck -together their wands, and scattering around the cowslips, testified their -thankfulness for that bounty, which widely diffusing its riches, enabled -them to return home rejoicing at the promises of the opening year. That -innovation in the manners and customs of the country, which has swept -away the ancient pastimes of rustic simplicity, obliterated about forty -years ago this peculiar vestige of the Roman Floralia. - -In the fields on the south side of the town, the ground abounds with -fragments of cinerary urns, and several perfect ones have also there been -discovered. From these circumstances, together with the appearance of -the soil, it seems certain that in this part the Romans used to burn -their dead on the funeral pile. Of the urns found, only two are known to -exist in the neighbourhood; one being in the collection of Sir Joseph -Banks, at Revesby Abbey, the other in the possession of Mr. Crowder, an -inhabitant of the town. - -It is much to be regretted for the advancement of researches into local -antiquities that the chief part of the urns, coins, fibulæ, and other -Roman vestiges discovered at Horncastle, have been sold to strangers who -have visited the town, or to dealers elsewhere. The coins which have -been found here are numerous, and though chiefly of small brass and -denarii ærei of the lower empire, yet they include many extremely fine -and varied specimens of the earlier imperial coins, both of a larger size -and of other metals, several of which are in the possession of different -individuals in the town. Amongst these may be particularized the silver -coins of Vespasian, L. Septimius Severus, Alexander Severus, and -Volusianus; the large brass of Trajan; and the middle brass of Caligula, -Claudius, Nero, Trajan, Hadrian, Domitian, Antoninus Pius, Faustina the -elder, Marcus Aurelius Antoninus, and Faustina the younger. The small -brass and denarii ærei form nearly a complete series of the emperors from -Gallienus to Valentinanus the second, and include also within that -period, coins of some of the tyrants of Britain and Gaul. Beside these -are some others in the collection of the late Reverend Charles L’Oste, -now possessed by his son, but unfortunately no memoranda exist by which -they are to be distinguished from those obtained at other places. This -gentleman also had in his collection several fibulæ and stiles which had -been discovered here. - -A British coin found at this place has on its concave side the horse and -symbolic circles; on the convex is the representation of an animal -apparently intended for a stag, with similar ornaments around it, as the -other side possesses. Many of the early English silver currency have -been found here, and also a specimen of the Scottish coinage of David the -second. - -In deepening the bed of the river Bane, to complete the navigation, in -1802, an ornamental brass spur, part of a brass crucifix, and a dagger, -were found together at a short distance from the north bason of the -navigation. The spur is now lost; the part of the crucifix and the -dagger are in the possession of the author. - - [Picture: Ancient British Coin] - - - -THE CHURCH. - - -FROM the silence of the Domesday Book respecting a church at this place, -it may be concluded that there was not one erected when that survey was -made; there however appears to have been one in the reign of Richard the -first. {29a} - - [Picture: North-East View of Horncastle Church] - -The present structure, which is dedicated to Saint Mary, stands in the -centre of the town, and possesses but few attractions for the antiquary -or the architect. It consists of a square tower, a nave and chancel, -with north and south aisles. Being for the most part built with the soft -and imperfectly aggregated sand-stone of the neighbourhood, which yields -easily to the moisture of the atmosphere, it has suffered much from the -effects of time; and the decayed parts being repaired with brick gives to -the building a motley and unprepossessing appearance. - -The few portions of the original architecture which have escaped the -silent ravages of years, and the hands of the innovator, bespeak the -building of no higher antiquity than the period of Henry the seventh. -The aisle on the north side of the chancel is ornamented with -embattlements, on which quatrefoils and blank shields are sculptured. It -was probably used as a chantry, one of the windows of the aisle having -formerly contained an inscription justifying such a supposition. {29b} -This aisle does not extend the whole length of the chancel, and in the -space so left, the remains of an oratory and confessional are still -visible: this space formerly appropriated as a depository for coals to -distribute among the poor, is now occupied by a building to contain the -fire engines; a corresponding part of the south aisle being used as a -vestry. - -The interior of the church is remarkably neat and well pewed. A gallery -at the west end of the nave contains an organ which was purchased by -subscription in 1810. Galleries are also erected in each aisle of the -nave. - -In the wall of the north aisle is a stone, containing the figure in brass -of Sir Lionel Dymoke, in armour, kneeling on a cushion, and holding in -his hand a label on which is written, - - “Sc’ta trinitas unus deus miserere nob.” - -On each side of him are two shields containing arms, at one of the lower -corners are the figures of his two sons, and at the other those of his -three daughters, and under him this inscription: - - “In honore sc’te et individue trinitatis Orate p’ a’ia Leonis Dymoke - milit’ q’ obijt xvij die me’se augusti aº D’ni mº cccc xix cuj’ a’ie - p’piciet’ de’ Amen.” - -The shields contain these arms:—1. Sable, two lions passant in pale, -ducally crowned or, DYMOKE, empaling Barry of six ermine and gules, three -crescents sable, WATERTON; a crescent for difference. 2. DYMOKE, -empaling Vairè, on a fess gules frettè or, MARMYON, in chief, Ermine, -five fusils in fess, HEBDEN; a crescent for difference. 3. Argent, a -sword erect azure, hilt and pomel gules. {30a} 4. DYMOKE, empaling -Quarterly gules and argent, a cross engrailed counterchanged, HAYDON; a -crescent for difference. - -On the floor beneath this monument is a brass, on which is the following -inscription nearly obliterated: - - “Leonis fossa nunc haec Dymoke capit ossa - Miles erat Regis cui parce Deus prece matris - Es testis Christe quod non jacet hic lapis iste - Corpus ut ornetur sed spiritus ut memoretur - Hinc tu qui transis senex medius puer an sis - Pro me funde preces quia sic mihi fit venie spes.” {30b} - - [Picture: Monument of Sir Lionel Dymoke] - -On the floor of the vestry is a stone with this inscription around the -verge: - - “Here lyethe the Boyddes of Thomas Raithbeck & ame his wyf ye - founders of the Beidhous Departed thys world in ye fayth of Christ ye - last day of October in ye yere of or lord mdlxxv.” - -On the wall over the door of the vestry is a shield containing three -storks proper, on an argent field; the crest a stork; and under the arms -this inscription: - - “Sacred to the Memory of the Rev. Mr. THO: GIBSON, A.M. Forty four - years Vicar of this Parish. He liv’d in such times when Truth to the - Church, and Loyalty to the King, met with Punishment due only to the - Worst of Crimes. He was by the Rebellious Powers carried away - Prisoner, four times, from his congregation, once exchanged into the - Garrison of Newark, for a Dissenting Teacher: afterwards Sequester’d, - and his family driven out by the then Earl of Manchester. He - survived the Restoration, and was brought back at the head of several - hundreds of his Friends, and made a Prebendary, in the Cathedral - Church of Lincoln. As his Enemies never forgave his Zeal to the - Church and Crown: so nothing but the height of Christian Charity - could forgive the Insults he met with from them. He Died April the - 22d, 1678.” - -Against the wall on the south side of the chancel is a lozenge shaped -piece of canvas, on which are painted these arms, Argent, two bars sable, -each charged with three mullets of six points or, pierced gules; and -under them the following inscription: - - “Here lieth the worthy and memorable Kt. Sir INGRAM HOPTON, who paid - his debt to nature and duty to his King and Country in the attempt of - seizing the Arch-rebel in the bloody skirmish near Winceby, October - the 6th, A.D. 1643. {32} - - “—nec tumultum - Nec mori per vim metuit, tenente - Cæsare terras. - Paulum sepultæ distat inertiæ - Celata virtus.” - -Beside the sepulchral memorials already detailed, are a number of others -on the floor, and a few of recent date, on marble tablets, against the -walls. - -At the end of the north aisle of the chancel, is the following table: - - The BENEFACTORS to the CHURCH and POOR of this Town, the Clauses of - whose Wills may be seen at large in a Book in the Town Chest. Note - these Tables were erected 1724. - - WILLIAM EVERITT and JOSEPH BROWN Churchwardens. - - Anno 1611, October. - - Mr. Robert Clark of Woodhall gave to the Poor of this town . . . - Shillings a year, to be paid the vicar on St. Thomas’s, and by him to - be distributed every Christmas-day for ever, out of his lands in - Thimbleby, now belonging to John Hutchinson, Gent. - - Mrs. Ann Smith gave the poor of Horncastle twenty shillings a year - out of her lands there, now in the possession of Mr. Thomas Coats: it - is given in brown bread every Good Friday. - - George Acham of Asterby, Gent. gave also one hundred and forty - pounds, to purchase lands, the rents thereof to be disposed off - yearly to the poor of Horncastle, at the discretion of the governors - of the free-school (for the time being,) which lands are in the - parish of Burgh in the Marsh. - - Anno 1639, May the 2nd. - - Mr. William Hurtscroft gave one house the yearly rent of fifty-two - shillings; to be given weekly (viz.) twelve pence in bread every - Lord’s day to poor fatherless and motherless children in Horncastle, - by the overseers for the poor; the said house now in possession of - widow Scamon. - - The same year. - - Andrew Kent, gent. gave six pounds thirteen shillings and four pence, - to be a stock for the poor of Horncastle, which is applied - accordingly in coals for their use. - - Anno 1661, June the 6th. - - Thomas Bromley of Conesby gent. left to the poor of this town forty - shillings per annum (viz.) twenty shillings every good Friday, and - twenty every St. Thomas’s day, to be paid out of his lands in Haltham - super Bane; now the said lands belong to Thomas Hamerton, gent. - - Rutland Snowden, gent. gave to the poor of Horncastle one house of - the yearly rent of twenty-six shillings; but being decayed, is now - reduced to thirteen, paid in bread six-pence every other Sunday: the - said house belongs now to Mr. William Dawson. - - Anno 1673, December the 5th. - - Thomas James, gent. gave to the poor of Horncastle twenty shillings - yearly in white bread on every Christmas day for ever; payable out of - his lands there, which lands are now the estate of Thomas Howgrave, - Esquire. - - Anno 1702, December the 20th. - - Captain John Francis, gave two chaldern of coals yearly to be given - to the poor, appointed by the governors of the school, out of lands - in this town now the Rev. Mr. John Francis’s of Sibsey. - - Anno 1703, December the 14th. - - Mrs. Douglass Tyrwhitt of Gaiton on the would gave ten shillings - yearly to the poor of Horncastle on St. Thomas’s day, out of her - lands in Belshford, now the lands of Joseph Sutton of the same. - - Anno 1696, May the 26th. - - Nicolas Shipley, gent. gave to this church one brass candlestick of - twenty-four sockets, and Fox’s three books of martyrs. He gave also - to the poor five pounds, which was immediately given amongst them, - and thirty shillings yearly for ever, (viz.) twenty on St. Thomas’s - day, and ten every good Friday, in brown bread, to be paid out of his - lands adjoining to this church-yard, now purchased by Mr. Thomas - Hamerton. He gave also to the governors of the school one hundred - pounds, the interest thereof to put out poor boys apprentices to - trades; but their then treasurer dying insolvent, that money was - lost. We mention this here, because this misfortune doth not lessen - the charity of that well-disposed gentleman. - - Anno 1719. - - Mrs. Mary Hussey, widdow, gave one silver plate to the communion - table for ever. - - Anno 1721. - - Mrs. Dorothy Parker of Boston, gave to this church one brass - candlestick of sixteen sockits, and to the poor widdows and widdowers - of this town she gave sixty pounds, the interest or rents thereof to - be given amongst them on St. John’s day, in Christmas, and St. - James’s in July, yearly, for ever. - - Anno 1724. - - Mrs. Mary Waters, widdow, gave to the overseers of the poor, five - pounds: to be by them put out at interest, and the said interest to - be given to the poor on Christmas day, yearly, for ever. - -Against the wall over the north entrance are several scythes and hay -knives, some of which are yet remaining in the shafts to which they have -been affixed, in order to render them instruments of warfare. The -occasion for which they were so prepared is unknown, the traditionary -accounts of them being both vague and contradictory. - -In the steeple are six bells, bearing the following inscriptions: - - 1 LECTVM : FVGE : DISCVTE : SOMNVM. G: S: I. W : H: PENN : FVSOR: - 17l7. - - 2 IN: TEMPLO : VENERARE : DEVM. HEN : PENN : NOS : FVDIT : - CORNVCASTRI. - - 3 SVPPLICEM : DEVSI : AVDIT. DANIEL HEDDERLY CAST ME 1727. - - 4 THO. OSBORN FECIT DOWNHAM NORFOLK 1801. THO. BRYAN AND D. BROWN - CHURCHWARDENS. - - 5 DVM : SPIRAS : SPERA. H : PENN : FVSOR : 1717. THO : ET : SAM : - HAMERTON-ÆDITIVI. - - 6 EXEAT : E : BVSTO : AVSPICE : CHRISTO. THO : LODINGTON : L.L.D : - VIC. H : P : 1717. - -The benefice is a vicarage, in the presentation of the Bishop of -Carlisle, valued in the King’s books at £14. 4s. 2d. - - [Picture: Seal of the Grammar School at Horncastle] - - - -THE GRAMMAR SCHOOL. - - -AT the south-east corner of the church yard is the Grammar School, a -spacious and well constructed edifice of brick. It was founded and -endowed by Edward Lord Clinton and Saye, the Lord High Admiral of -England, under the authority of letters patent, dated the 25th of June, -1652. {35} By these letters it was ordained, that this institution -should be denominated “The Free Grammar School of Queen Elizabeth, in the -Town or Soke of Horncastle, of the foundation of Edward Lord Clinton and -Saye,” for the education, training, and instruction of boys and youths in -grammar, and to be appropriated to this object for ever. - -The school was to be conducted by a master, and a sub-master, or usher: -ten governors were also appointed and incorporated, with perpetual -succession, and a common seal. These governors were empowered on the -death of any of their body, to elect others in their places; also to -nominate the master and usher on any vacancy; and to make such statutes -concerning the preservation and disposal of the revenues, as -circumstances at any time might dictate. Besides holding the endowments, -they were authorized to purchase and receive lands and other possessions, -not exceeding £40. per annum. - -The estates by which the establishment is maintained, consist of houses -and land situated at Horncastle, Hemingby, Sutton, Huttoft and Winthorpe. -The lands in the last three named parishes being subject to inundations -from the sea, the annual revenue is rendered precarious; but in the more -favorable years it amounts to about £200. - -The salaries for a long time were £40. per annum to the master, and £30. -to the sub-master or usher: but on the appointment of the present master, -in 1818, the salary was advanced to £80. per annum, to which was also -added a house for his residence; the salary of the sub-master remaining -as heretofore, at £30. The sum of £2. 2s. per annum is charged for those -scholars who are instructed in writing and arithmetic. There are at this -period about twenty boys on the foundation. - -The governors of this institution have also the management of another -school in the town, for the instruction of poor children in reading, -sewing, and knitting. A house, with a salary to the teacher of £30. per -annum, charged upon certain estates in Horncastle, having been bequeathed -to them in trust, for that purpose, by Mr. Richard Watson, a native of -this place, who died in 1784. - - - -THE RIVER BANE AND NAVIGABLE CANAL. - - -THE river Bane, rising at the village of Ludford, takes its course in a -direction nearly south to join its waters with those of the Witham. -After meandering through an extent of country about fourteen miles, it -receives at Horncastle, the tributary stream of the Waring, and -abundantly supplies the town, conveniently situated at the confluence of -the two rivers. From hence continuing a gently winding course, it washes -Tattershall and its moorlands, before it falls into the larger river, to -increase its waters to the sea. - -In the year 1792, an act of parliament was obtained for making the Bane -navigable from the river Witham, through Tattershall to Horncastle. {37} -The act, after reciting the names of the original subscribers, -incorporates them by the name of “The Company of Proprietors of the -Horncastle Navigation in the County of Lincoln,” giving them perpetual -succession and a common seal, and empowering them to raise £1500. in -three hundred shares of £50. each. The interest of these was not to -exceed £8. per cent. No person was to be the possessor of less than one -share, nor to hold more than twenty. As circumstances might require, -they were authorized to raise £1,000. more, by shares or mortgages of the -tolls. - -The tollage allowed by this act was, for goods passing the whole length -of the navigation, 2_s._ per ton; from the Witham to the seventh lock, -1_s._ 9_d._ per ton; and from the Witham to the fourth lock, 1_s._ 3_d._ -per ton; excepting lime, lime-stone, manure, or materials for roads, for -which, only half the already mentioned tolls were to be taken. - -The works were commenced in the year 1793: but, when about two thirds -were completed, the whole of the funds to be appropriated to their -execution were already expended. After suffering the canal to remain -several years in this unfinished state, the company applied again to -Parliament, and in the year 1800 another act was obtained, enabling them -to raise £20,000. more by subscription amongst themselves, by admission -of new subscribers in shares of £50. each, by mortgage, or by granting -annuities. The limitation of shares and interest were repealed by this -act; and the tonnage rates advanced to 3_s._ 3_d._ per ton for the whole -length of the navigation, 2_s._ 7_d._ to the seventh lock, and 1_s._ -8_d._ to the fourth; lime, lime-stone, manure, and materials for roads -excepted as before from the payment of full rates. - -Shortly after the works were recommenced, the plan of completing them by -an entirely new canal was adopted in preference to that which they had -before pursued of rendering the Bane navigable. It was therefore at the -village of Dalderby diverted from the course of the natural stream, and -carried on in a less varied track to the point of junction between the -waters of the Bane and Waring: from hence it was continued in the -divergent courses of these two rivers, to the more extreme parts of the -town of Horncastle. It was completed in September, 1802, and on Friday -the seventeenth of that month the vessels entered the town. The canal is -sufficiently deep to navigate vessels of fifty tons burthen. - -From this town to the river Witham the distance is about eleven miles, in -which the stream has a fall of eighty-four feet. - - - -THE PRESENT STATE OF THE TOWN. - - -ALTHOUGH this place was favored at an early period with a charter for a -market, which in the time of Henry the eighth appears to have been well -frequented, yet it remained for many years little more than a -considerable village. {39} From the earliest accounts it seems to have -been gradually encreasing; but it was not until later years, when a new -impulse was given to the agricultural interests of the country, that it -began to exhibit material evidences of extension and improvement. - - [Picture: Plan of Horncastle in 1722, from “Stukeley’s Itinerarium”] - -From a plan of the town drawn by Dr. Stukeley, in the year 1722, it -appears at that period of time, now nearly the lapse of a century, to -have been little more than half its present extent. This plan, not -having been made from actual survey, cannot be considered as an accurate -representation: nevertheless it is calculated to give a tolerable idea of -the state of the town at the time it was executed. It is traditionally -asserted that at that period scarcely a brick house was to be found in -the parish; the early erected dwellings being all constructed with clay -walls, and covered with thatch; thus evidencing that common character -which Leland the antiquary assigns to the towns of this part. The clay -buildings have for the most part disappeared, and brick structures are -now erected in their stead; and from the spirit of improvement which has -lately been evinced, they will doubtless in a few years be entirely -removed. The rebuilding of many houses in the principal streets in a -handsome manner, within the last twenty years, has given to the town an -air of respectability; but the effect which would be produced by these -buildings in its general appearance, is materially diminished, by the -narrowness and irregularity of the streets. At this time the number of -houses may be computed at about seven hundred, and of inhabitants, about -three thousand five hundred. - -The entrances to the town, as well as its general aspect, have also been -improved by the inclosure of the fields by which it is surrounded. To -accomplish this an act of parliament was obtained in 1803, and carried -into effect the following year. - - [Picture: Plan of Horncastle in 1819] - -In no respect has the town changed more than in its trade; a large -proportion of its inhabitants having formerly been employed in the -tanning of leather, in which manufacture the yards on the south side of -the Far-street were almost exclusively occupied. About fifty years ago -the number of these establishments began rapidly to decline, and are at -this time reduced to two. Since the completion of the canal in 1801, a -considerable trade in corn and wool has been carried on here; about -thirty thousand quarters of the former, and three thousand sheets of the -latter being annually sent from this place. The town also from its -situation in a well inhabited district enjoys a large retail trade. - -There are now three fairs for horses, cattle and sheep, held here -annually. The first, which concludes on the twenty-second of June, has -of late years declined very much, and though chartered for eight days -seldom continues more than three. The second, which terminates on the -twenty-first of August, has long been celebrated as the largest fair for -horses in the kingdom, perhaps it may be said in the world; it continues -about ten days, being three days more than the time expressed in the -charter. To this fair are brought for sale horses of all descriptions -from every part of the kingdom, to the number of many thousands; and -beside the most extensive dealers of this country, there are to be found -in the fair purchasers and dealers from different parts of the continent -of Europe, and even from America. The third fair, which is held on the -twenty-eighth and twenty-ninth days of October, was removed to this place -in 1768, from Market-Stainton, a decayed market town, about eight miles -distant, two hundred pounds being given to the lord of the manor of that -place, to permit the removal, one half of this sum was raised by -subscription amongst the inhabitants of this town, the other by the -lessee of the manor. {41} The market is now held every Saturday, to -which it was changed from Wednesday, the day mentioned in the charter, -probably in consequence of the markets at Boston and Louth being also on -that day; but the time at which the alteration took place cannot now be -ascertained. - -A building, situated on the south side of the church yard, is -appropriated for the purposes of a Dispensary, which is supported by -public subscription. Those to whom medical aid is administered, are such -of the sick poor as are recommended by subscribers; and the many to whom -assistance has been afforded, evince its utility in a striking degree. -The number of patients admitted from the commencement of the institution -in September 1789, to September 1818, was 9253. It is attended two days -in the week by two physicians, whose services are gratuitous, and by an -apothecary, who receives a salary. A female accoucheur has also been -lately added to the establishment. - -A Literary Society, which was established here in the year 1790, has -formed a permanent library, which is kept at the Dispensary. It contains -about one thousand volumes, and is open to the members two days in the -week. For several years the subscription was only ten shillings and -sixpence per annum; it was afterwards advanced to fourteen shillings, and -subsequently to one pound. Subscribers are now also required to pay ten -shillings and sixpence on their admission. The society at present -consists of about forty members. - -In the year 1807 the inhabitants of this town in conjunction with several -other towns and villages, in the county of Lincoln, made application to -parliament, and obtained an act for the recovery of debts not exceeding -the sum of five pounds. The commissioners hold their courts at this -place, as well as at the other towns specified in the act, every fourth -Thursday. - -The education of the poor which has lately excited so much attention in -various parts of the kingdom, has not been neglected here. A school on -the Lancasterian or British system was established at a public meeting -held in October, 1813; and but a few days subsequently a meeting was held -at the church, when it was resolved to establish also a school on the -plan of Dr. Bell. Early in the ensuing year buildings were erected, and -each system began to be acted upon. Both schools are supported by -voluntary contributions, and each contains about two hundred children. - -Beside the established church, there are in this town a society of -Wesleyan Methodists, a small congregation of Calvinistic Baptists, and a -newly formed society of primitive Methodists. - - - - -THE SOKE OF HORNCASTLE. - - -AT the time of compiling the Domesday record, there appears to have been -included other parishes, in addition to those now comprised in this soke; -but it cannot now be ascertained at what time the alteration took place. -Beside the parish of Horncastle it at present contains the following -townships:—Thimbleby, West Ashby, Low Tointon, High Tointon, Mareham on -the Hill, Roughton, Haltham, Wood Enderby, Moorby, Wilksby, Mareham le -Fen, and Coningsby. To these have lately been added Langriville and -Thornton le Fen, portions of the fen district, which had been sold by the -commissioners appointed under an act of enclosure, and rendered parochial -by act of parliament in 1812. On the enclosure of these fens, under the -act which was obtained in 1801, the whole of the parishes in this soke, -excepting the two newly formed ones, had portions of land allotted to -them, in lieu of their right of common. - -West Ashby, High Tointon, Mareham on the Hill, and Wood Enderby, were -formerly hamlets of the parish of Horncastle; but have for several years -been considered as distinct parishes, and have appointed their own -churchwardens and overseers of the poor. - - - -THIMBLEBY, - - -In Domesday Book Stimelbi, {43} and in old writings Thimelby, is about a -mile north-west from Horncastle, the parishes adjoining each other. The -manor which in the reign of Charles the second was the property of Sir -Robert Bolles of Scampton, is now possessed by Thomas Hotchkin, Esquire, -of Tixover, in the county of Rutland, in the possession of whose -ancestors it has been for many years. In this parish is also the manor -of Hallgarth, which formerly belonged to a family named Bolton; but is -now the property of Richard Elmhirst, Esquire, of Louth. The church -rebuilt in the year 1744, is a small stone edifice, possessing a -considerable share of architectural merit: a stone over the door points -out the year in which it was rebuilt, but besides this it exhibits no -other inscription. {44a} The advowson of the rectory belongs to the lord -of the manor. - - - -WEST ASHBY, - - -In Domesday called Aschebi, and in old writings Askeby, is a parish -adjoining to the north boundaries of that of Horncastle, from which town -the village is about two miles distant. In this parish is the manor of -Ashby Thorpe, now the property of Mr. Joseph Rinder; but the possessor of -that of Horncastle claims manorial rights over the other parts of the -parish. The church consists of a tower, a nave with a north aisle, and a -chancel. {44b} The benefice is a curacy in the presentation of the -Bishop of Carlisle. - - - -LOW TOINTON, - - -In Domesday Todingtune, and in old writings Nether Tointon, is about a -mile eastward from the town of Horncastle, the parishes adjoining. The -manorial estates, which comprise nearly the whole parish are the property -of Launcelot Rolleston, Esquire, of Watnall, in the county of Nottingham, -by whose ancestors it has been possessed for several generations. The -church, which is a small modern erection, being rebuilt in 1811, contains -a very curiously sculptured font, and the following inscription on a -plate of copper in the north wall: - - “Heare lyeth the Body of EDWARD ROLLESTON Esquir who departed this - Life the twenty-third of July in the thirtey-fourth year of his age - interr’d underneath this place the fourth of August Anno Domini - 1687.” - -The patrons of the rectory are Lord Gwydir, and the Baroness Willoughby -of Eresby, his lady. - - - -HIGH TOINTON, - - -In old writings Over Tointon, is about a mile and a half eastward from -Horncastle, to which parish and also that of Low Tointon it adjoins. -From only one place of this name being mentioned in the Domesday record, -it is probable that at the time of making that survey both High and Low -Tointon were included in one parish. The manorial estates, which have -descended with those of Horncastle, belong to the Bishop of Carlisle, and -are leased to different individuals. The church is a small uninteresting -building. The Bishop of Carlisle is patron of the curacy. - - - -MAREHAM ON THE HILL, - - -Anciently written Maringe and Mayring, is about a mile and a half -south-east from Horncastle, the parishes adjoining each other. The manor -once belonged to Edward Marsh, Esquire, of Hundle House, in the county of -Lincoln, by a descendant of whom it was sold to William Hudson, Esquire, -of Gray’s Inn. In 1659 it was sold to a person named Duncome, of whom it -was purchased, in 1688, by Sir Edmund Turnor, of Stoke Rochford, Knight, -and is now possessed by his descendant of the same names. The chapel is -completely destitute of interest. On repairing it, about fifteen years -ago, two nobles of Edward the fourth, two angels of Henry the seventh, -and several silver coins of different reigns, contained in a leathern -purse, were discovered concealed in the wall. The patron of the curacy -is the Bishop of Carlisle. - - - -ROUGHTON, - - -In Domesday Rocstune, and in old writings Ructon, is about four miles -from Horncastle. The manorial estates belong to Sir Joseph Banks. The -church, which is a small building, consisting of a tower nave and -chancel, contains a marble tablet on which is the following inscription: - - “Here lies the Body of NORREYS FYNES, Esq. Grandson to Sir Henry - Clinton, commonly called Fynes, eldest Son of Henry Earl of Lincoln, - by his Second Wife, Daughter of Sir Richard Morrison, and Mother of - Francis Lord Norreys, afterwards Earl of Berkshire. He had by his - much beloved and only Wife Elizabeth, who lies by him, Twelve - Children, of which Four Sons and Two Daughters were living at his - decease, which happened on the 10th of January 1735–6 in the 75th - year of his age. From the Revolution he always liv’d a Nonjuror, - which rendered him incapable of any other Publick Employment (tho’ by - his Great Abilitys and Known Courage equal to the most Difficult and - Dangerous) than that of being Steward to two great Familys, wherein - he distinguish’d himself during his Service of 40 years a most - Faithful and Prudent Manager, of a most Virtuous and Religious Life. - His paternal Estate he left without any addition to his Son KENDAL - his next heir. His eldest Son CHARLES was buried here the 26th of - August 1722, aged 36 years, whose Pleasant Disposition adorn’d by - many virtues which he acquir’d by his Studys in Oxford made his death - much lamented by all his Acquaintance.” - -There also occur two other tablets; one to the memory of the Rev. Arthur -Rockcliffe, who died in 1798, aged 71; the other to the memory of Charles -Pilkington, Esq. who died in 1798, aged 75, and of Abigail his wife, who -died in 1817, aged 80. {46} The rectory, united to that of Haltham in -1741, is in the presentation of the Honorable Champion Dymoke. - - - -HALTHAM, - - -Called in the Domesday survey Holtham, is about five miles distant from -Horncastle. The manorial estates, which comprise almost the whole of the -parish, once belonged to the Marmyons of Scrivelsby, and are now -possessed by the Champion Dymoke, a descendant of the female branch of -that family. The church, which appears to have suffered much from time, -has in its pristine state possessed a considerable share of architectural -merit. A large window at the eastern end contains very fine tracery, and -at one time, together with some of the other windows, exhibited a large -portion of stained glass, of which only one piece, containing the arms of -La Warre, is now remaining. {47} The rectory, united to that of Roughton -in 1741, is in the presentation of the lord of the manor. - - - -WOOD ENDERBY, - - -In the Domesday record written Endrebi, is about five miles distant from -Horncastle. The manor is the property of Sir Joseph Banks. The church -is a small uninteresting building. The Bishop of Carlisle is patron of -the curacy. - - - -MOORBY, - - -In Domesday Morebi, is about five miles distant from Horncastle. The -manorial estates, comprising the principal part of the parish, are the -property of Sir Joseph Banks. The church is totally destitute of -interest. The Bishop of Carlisle is the patron of the rectory. - - - -WILKSBY, - - -In Domesday Wilchesbi, is about six miles distant from Horncastle. The -manor is the property of Sir Joseph Banks. The church is a small modern -erection. The Champion Dymoke is patron of the rectory. - - - -MAREHAM LE FEN, - - -In the Domesday book called Marun, and in old writings Marum, is about -seven miles distant from Horncastle, and situated on the verge of the -recently enclosed fenny district from whence it has received its -appellation. The manor is the property of Sir Joseph Banks, by an -ancestor of whom it was purchased, together with the three before -mentioned manors, above a century ago. The manor house, which has for -several years been occupied by Mr. James Roberts, possesses from its -adjoining gardens, a considerable share of interest. Having accompanied -Sir Joseph Banks, in the first voyage of Captain Cook round the world, -Mr. Roberts has sought to associate with the rural simplicities of an -English garden, such objects of curiosity as a pleasurable recollection -of those scenes had furnished. In addition to numerous rustic and -ornamental seats, the gardens are embellished with huts resembling those -of Terra del Fuego and New Holland; and also a small museum of -curiosities, principally from the South Sea islands. A visit to this -spot is always an agreeable recreation. The following sonnet was written -after a visit here, by a native of Jamaica. - - Dear is the rural scene that Fancy loves, - Where tuneful Rapture chants th’ enliv’ning song, - In wildest warblings to the darkling groves, - Pouring in wildest mood the strains along; - While Echo, from the leafy bowers among, - Gives a soft cadence to the songster’s tale, - A mingled sweetness to the warbling throng, - That comes in whispers on the balmy gale. - These, Mareham, with thy spreading greenwood shade, - Thy silent waters, and thy mossy cell, - Breathe such a charm, that oft Delight has strayed, - With ling’ring steps, ’mid scenes she lov’d so well; - And when fond Mem’ry shall thy joys renew, - She’ll tell with musing voice her sweet, her last adieu. - -The church consists of a tower, a nave with north and south aisles and a -chancel. {49} In the chancel is a tablet to the memory of the Rev. Henry -Shepherd, who was rector of this parish thirty-four years, and died in -January 1764, aged 62. The advowson of the rectory belongs to the Bishop -of Carlisle. - - - -CONINGSBY, - - -In Domesday Cuningesbi, is a considerable village on the banks of the -river Bane, about eight miles from Horncastle. The manor, which was once -possessed by the Marmions of Wintringham, has for many years belonged to -the Heathcote family, and is now the property of Sir Gilbert Heathcote, -Baronet, of Normanton in Rutlandshire. The church consists of a tower of -excellent masonry, a nave, two aisles and a chancel. {50} The rectory, -which is in the presentation of the lord of the manor, was for several -years held by the Reverend John Dyer, the poet. It was here that he -finished his didactic poem of “The Fleece.” He died at this place in -1782, and lies buried in the church; but there is no inscription to -perpetuate his memory. - - - -LANGRIVILLE AND THORNTON LE FEN. - - -The lands composing these parishes were chiefly those sold by the -commissioners appointed under the act for draining and enclosing Wildmore -Fen; Langriville also contains the portion allotted to the Earl of -Stamford and Warrington, in lieu of his manorial rights over Armtree and -Wildmore. In 1812, an act of parliament was passed rendering these -lands, with others, parochial, and approximating these two parishes to -the soke of Horncastle. - - - -POPULATION. {54} - -Parishes. No. of In 1801. In 1811. - Families - in 1588. - Houses. Persons. Houses. Persons. -Horncastle 164 424 2015 553 2622 -Thimbleby 40 50 224 65 316 -West Ashby 44 67 297 76 370 -Low 12 9 49 16 98 -Tointon -High 18 14 93 24 121 -Tointon -Mareham on 22 22 110 23 122 -the Hill -Roughton 30 23 110 22 106 -Haltham 25 29 115 29 143 -Wood 24 30 153 31 183 -Enderby -Moorby 19 24 79 24 105 -Wilksby 6 9 54 9 53 -Mareham le 87 98 383 104 487 -Fen -Coningsby 221 302 1301 326 1658 - -BAUMBER. - - -THE village of Baumber or Bamburgh is situated in the hundred of Gartree, -about four miles northward of Horncastle, on the turnpike road leading -from that place to Lincoln. In the Domesday survey it is called -Badeburgh, which perhaps may signify Bane burgh, or a town on the Bane, -that river forming the eastern boundary of the parish. At the period of -making that survey, Ulf and Gilbert de Gand are mentioned as proprietors. -{55} - - [Picture: Stourton Hall, Baumber, Seat of Joseph Livesey, Esquire] - -The manor, together with the adjoining hamlet of Stourton parva, once -belonged to Thomas Dighton, Esquire, whose daughter and heiress was -married to Edward Clinton, second son of the first Earl of Lincoln. On -failure of male issue in the elder branch the earldom devolved to the son -of this Edward, whose successors afterwards had the Dukedom of Newcastle -conferred on them. These estates continued in the possession of this -family until the latter part of the last century, when they were sold to -Thomas Livesey, Esquire, of Blackbourn, in the county of Lancaster, whose -son, the present proprietor resides thereon, in an elegant mansion, which -was completed in 1810. Part of the residence of the Earls of Lincoln is -still standing. - -The church at Baumber with all its appurtenances, and eight oxgangs of -land, were given by Gilbert de Gaunt to the monks at Bridlington, which -grant Pope Innocent the fourth and the Bishop of Lincoln confirmed. {56a} -It is now a donative, extrajudicial. It was rebuilt about sixty years -ago, and is a very neat brick structure, consisting of a tower, a nave -with side aisles, and a chancel. {56b} Under the chancel is the vault of -the Newcastle family, which was their place of sepulture previous to -disposing of their estates in this parish; but although they still retain -the church, none of the family have been buried there since 1794. Over -the vault are the following inscriptions: - - “Here lieth the Body of Francis Clinton al’s Fynes Esq. Grandson of - Henry Lord Clinton Earl of Lincoln who departed this life Feb. 5 Anno - Dom. 1681.” - - “Here lieth the Body of Priscilla the Wife of Francis Clinton al’s - Fynes Esq. who departed this life Febr. 15 Anno Dom. 1679.” - -In the north aisle is a stone with this inscription around the verge; - - “Orate p’ a’iabs Joh’es Eland armig’i Alicie et Elisabeth uxor - ejusde’ qui Joh’es obijt xix die marcii aº d’ni millo cccclxxiii cuj’ - q’rs a’iabs p’pciet’ de.” - -In 1811, the population of this parish amounted to 290, and the number of -houses to 51. - - - - -EDLINGTON. - - -AT the time of forming the Domesday survey, this place, then called -Tedlintune formed part of the Soke of Horncastle; {57} but is now -comprised in the hundred of Gartree. It is very pleasantly situated -about two miles northward of Horncastle, near to the road leading from -that place to Lincoln. - -The manorial estates comprising the chief part of the parish, are the -property of Richard Samuel Short, Esquire, a descendant of a female -branch of the family of that name, which he adopted on coming into -possession of the estates. The manor house, the seat of the proprietor, -though not of regular architecture, acquires an agreeable effect from the -grove in which it is situated. From the house the prospect to the -south-west, over the adjacent level country, is both extensive and -pleasing. - - [Picture: Edlington Grove, Seat of Richard Samuel Short, Esquire] - -The church is a small building possessing no claim to attention. The -vicarage is in the gift of the Duchy of Lancaster. The rectorial tythes -belong to the grammar school at Oakham, in the county of Rutland. - -On under-draining a field in this parish, in the latter part of the year -1819, several heaps of ox bones were dug up, and with each heap an urn of -baked clay, apparently of Roman manufacture; but unfortunately none of -the urns were taken up whole. To account for these relics being found -here, it is probable that on this spot a Roman sacrifice had been -celebrated, in honor of some deity, on the occasion of a victory, or in -the exercise of other pagan rites. - -Annexed to this parish is the hamlet or manor of Poolham, anciently -called Polum. It formed part of the barony of Gilbert de Gaunt until -about the thirty-fifth year of Edward the first, when Robert de -Barkeworthe died seized of it; {58a} and it appears to have been the -residence of Walterus de Barkeworthe, who died in 1374, and was buried in -the cloister of Lincoln cathedral. Afterwards it was the residence of -the family of Thimbleby, a branch of the Thimblebys of Irnham, {58b} who -probably built the mansion house within the ancient moat, about the time -of Henry the eighth. The Savilles of Howley in the County of York, -enjoyed the estate in the reign of Elizabeth, and in 1600, Sir John -Saville, Knight, sold it to George Bolles, Esquire, citizen of London, -whose descendant Sir John Bolles, Baronet, conveyed the same to Sir -Edmund Turnor, of Stoke Rochford, Knight, and it is now the inheritance -of Edmund Turnor, Esquire. {58c} - -Within the moat, beside the mansion house, are the remains of a chapel, -built of stone, a font, and a grave-stone with the date 1527. - -In 1811, the parish of Edlington contained 27 houses, and 189 -inhabitants. - - [Picture: Ancient Cross at Somersby] - - - - -SOMERSBY. - - -The village of Somersby is pleasantly situated on the wolds, in the -hundred of Hill, at about the distance of six miles east from Horncastle. - -“The Topcliffes were an ancient family at Somersby, of which family -Richard Topcliffe was the representative in 1592. He was the eldest son -of Robert Topcliffe, by Margaret one of the daughters of Thomas Lord -Borough, and married Jane, daughter of Sir Edward Willoughby of Wollaton -Nottinghamshire, and had issue Charles his heir, and three other sons who -died infants, and a daughter Susannah. He was a most implacable -persecutor of the Roman Catholics, so much so, that the use of the rack -and other tortures were called Topcliffian customs.” {60a} - -The manorial estates, which comprise the whole parish, have for many -years been the property of a family named Burton. The present proprietor -is William Raynor Burton, Esquire, which latter name he assumed on coming -into possession of the estates on the death of his uncle, Robert Burton, -Esquire, of Lincoln. - -On the south side of the church, near to the porch, is an elegant stone -cross, which having escaped both the ravages of time, and the destruction -of the Puritans, remains in so perfect a state as to be justly esteemed -of unrivalled excellence and beauty. The extreme height of it, including -the subcourse, is fifteen feet. The shaft is octagonal, and decorated -with a capital, surmounted by a coronal of small embattlements. The -cross, with its pediment, which rises from this, is ornamented on the -south face with the representation of the crucified founder of the -christian faith, and on the opposite side with that of the virgin and -child. - -The church is a small building consisting of a tower, nave, and chancel, -and is void of architectural interest. {60b} In the wall at the end of -the chancel is a plate of brass, on which is sculptured the -representation of a person full robed, kneeling on a cushion before a -reading desk, in the sinister upper corner is a shield containing arms, -and under the figure this inscription: - - “Here lyeth GEORGE LITTLEBVRY of Somersby seventh Sonne of Thomas - Littlebvry of Stainsbie Esq. who died the 13 daye of Octob. in ye - yeare of our Lord 1612 being abovt the age of 73 yeares.” - -The shield contains these arms:—1. Two lioncels statant guardant in pale -Quarterly, 1 and 4, Barry of six; 2 and 3 A bend. 3. Three shark bolts. -4. A mullet between three crescents, a dexter canton. On the fesse point -a rose for difference. - -Against the skreen between the nave and chancel is a marble tablet -surmounted by a shield containing the arms of BURTON, Sable, a chevron -argent, between three owls argent, ducally crowned or; the crest, an owl -argent, crowned as before. Under the arms is this inscription: - - “Here lieth Mrs. KATH. BURTON Daughter of Richard Langhorne Esq. She - died Aug. 25 A.D. 1742. Also ROBERT BURTON Esq. Citizen of London, - Husband of the said Mrs. Katherine Burton. He died Nov. 30 1753.” - -The advowson of the rectory belongs to the lord of the manor. - -In a woody dell in this parish is a spring, gently bursting from the -rock, called Holy-well, but the name of the saint to whom it was -dedicated is not preserved. - -According to the returns of 1811, this village at that time contained 14 -houses and 73 inhabitants. - - - - -SCRIVELSBY. - - -ABOUT two miles south of Horncastle, on the road leading from that place -to Boston, stands the village of Scrivelsby, which is included in the -Hundred of Gartree. - - [Picture: Ancient Monuments in Scrivelsby Church] - -At the time of compiling the Domesday survey, it appears that part of -this parish, then called Scrivelesbi, was annexed to the Soke of -Horncastle, which was then retained by the conqueror. {62} By the same -record, the manor appears to have been then holden by Robert de Spenser, -but by what service is not said. How it passed from De Spenser to the -family of Marmyon; whether by inheritance, or escheat of the crown, and -subsequent grant, cannot now be ascertained. It was however shortly -after in the tenure of Robert Marmyon, whose male descendants enjoyed the -same until the twentieth year of Edward the first, 1292, when Philip the -last Lord Marmyon died seized of this manor, holden by barony and the -service of champion to the kings of England on their coronation day; -{63a} and seized also of the castle of Tamworth in Warwickshire, held -therewith as parcel of his barony, but by the service of knight’s fees, -to attend the king in his wars in Wales. {63b} This Philip had only -female issue, and between them his great estates here, in Warwickshire, -Leicestershire, and elsewhere, were divided. By this partition, the -manor and barony of Scrivelsby were allotted to Joan, the youngest -daughter, by whose grand-daughter and heir the same passed in marriage to -Sir John Dymoke, who, with Margaret his wife, had livery thereof in the -twenty-third year of Edward the third. - -At the coronation of Richard the second, Sir John Dymoke claimed in right -of his wife, to perform the office of champion; but this right was -counterclaimed by Baldwin Freville, who as lord of Tamworth, also claimed -to perform that service; but the commissioners of the court of claims, -deciding in favor of Sir John Dymoke, he performed that office; and from -that period to the present time, nearly five hundred years, their male -issue have continued in possession of the same inheritance. The present -champion, Lewis Dymoke, Esquire, is the sixteenth of his family, from Sir -John Dymoke, who has inherited that high and singular office. - -The chief part of Scrivelsby Court, the ancient baronial seat, was -destroyed by fire, between fifty and sixty years ago. In the part -consumed was a very large hall, on the pannels of the wainscottings of -which were depicted the various arms and alliances of the family, through -all its numerous and far traced descents. The loss has been in some -degree compensated for, by the addition which the present proprietor has -recently made, to those parts which escaped the ravages of the fire. - -The church is a small building, consisting of a nave, with a north aisle, -and a chancel. At the eastern end of the aisle are two tombs, on one of -which is the figure of a knight, in chain armour, cross-legged; on the -other that of a lady, with a lion at her feet. By the side of these is -the tomb of Sir Robert Dymoke, who was champion at the coronations of -Richard the third, Henry the seventh, and Henry the eighth; by the last -of whom he was made a knight banneret. On the top of the tomb is a plate -of brass, on which is sculptured his figure in full armour, in a -recumbent posture, with his helmet under his head, and a lion at his -feet. Above him is a shield, containing arms, and under him is the -following inscription: - - “Here liethe the Body of sir Robert Demoke of Screvelsby knight & - baronet who departed owt of this present lyfe the xv day of Apryl in - ye yere of our lord god mdlxv upon whose sowle almighte god have m’ci - Amen.” {64} - -The shield contains these arms: - -1. DYMOKE. Sable, two lions passant in pale argent, ducally crowned or. -2. MARMYON. Vairè, a fesse gules, frettè or. -3. HEBDEN. Ermine, five fusils in fesse gules. -4. RYE. Gules, on a bend argent three ears of rye proper. -5. WELLES. Or, a lion rampant double tailed sable. -6. ENGAINE. Gules, a fesse dauncette between six crosselets or. -7. WATERTON. Barry of six ermine and gules, three crescents sable. -8. HASTINGS. Or, a manche gules. -9. LUDLOW. Azure, three lions passant guardant in pale, argent. -10. SPARROW. Argent, six martlets sable, three, two and one; on a chief -indented gules, two swords in saltire, points upwards, proper, between -two lions heads erased. - -Beside these arms, the sides and ends of the tomb were ornamented with -others contained in eight shields of brass, none of which are now -remaining. - -On the floor of the aisle is a stone which has once contained a brass -figure, with corner shields and an inscription, all which are now gone. - -On the floor at the south side of the communion table is a plate of -copper, on which is this inscription: - - “Under this Stone lyes Sir Charles Dymoke, Knight, who was Champion - at the Coronation of King James the 2d. On his left hand lyes the - Lady Dymoke; next to her, the Honourable Lewis Dymoke, their youngest - son; next to him lies Capt. Dymoke, the eldest son of Sir Charles, - who died in France; next to him, Mrs. Dymoke, Daughter of Sir - Charles; at the head of Sir Charles, lyes Mrs. Eliz. Dymoke, the - youngest daughter of Sir Charles Dymoke.” - -On the floor at the north side of the communion table, is a stone, -containing this inscription: - - “Here lyeth the Body of the Honourable CHARLES DYMOKE Esq. of - Scrielsby, Champion of England, who departed this life the 17th day - of January, and in the year of our Lord, 1702. - - “This Gravestone was laid at the proper cost and charge of His widow, - Jane Dymoke, and in the year 1726.” - -Against the south wall of the chancel is a very handsome marble monument, -ornamented with a bust of the individual whose memory it perpetuates, at -the top is a shield containing the arms of DYMOKE, with the crest, a -sword erect; and underneath is the following inscription: - - “Near this place lieth Interr’d the Body of the Honorable LEWIS - DYMOKE, Esq. late Champion of England, who performed that service at - the Coronation of King George the 1st and King George the 2d. He was - the youngest Son of Sir Charles Dymoke and Eleanor his wife, eldest - Daughter of the first Lord Rockingham. He departed this Life on the - 5th of February, 1760, in the 91st Year of his Age.” - -On the north side of the chancel is a mural tablet containing this -inscription: - - “Sacred to the Memory of the Honourable JOHN DYMOKE of Scrivelsby, in - this county, Champion of England, who performed that service at the - Coronation of His Majesty George 3d, and whose body lieth interred in - a Vault near this place: He departed this life, March 6th, 1784. - Aged 52 years.” - -Against the south wall is the following inscription on a small marble -tablet: - - “Sacred to the Memory of LEWIS JONES, Esquire, of Great Hale in this - County, who departed this Life May 1st 1786. Aged 71 Years.” - -The rectory, united in 1741 to that of the adjoining village of Dalderby, -is in the presentation of the lord of the manor. - -On the inclosure of Wildmore Fen, pursuant to an act of parliament -obtained for that purpose in 1801, a portion thereof was allotted to this -parish, in lieu of right of common. - -By the returns of 1811, this parish at that period contained 22 houses, -and 126 inhabitants. - - - - -BOLINGBROKE. - - -SITUATION, &c. - - -BOLINGBROKE, a decayed market town, is distant about eight miles south -east from Horncastle, and gives name to the soke wherein it is situated. -The town is seated on a clear, rapid brook, from which the name is -derived, and which runs along a peculiar deep recess of rugged sand-stone -hills, which suddenly terminate at the northern border of the adjacent -fen district. Embayed amid these deep declivities, and having but one -narrow outlet into the level land, it is a matter of no surprize that its -importance as a place of security was not overlooked in the feodal times, -when it became further strengthened by a castle. - - [Picture: Remains of Bolingbroke Castle, from a drawing taken in 1813] - - - -THE MANOR. - - -The manor appears to have been, from an early period, connected with the -dignity of the Earldom of Lincoln. Ranulph, an illustrious nobleman, -marrying Lucia, widow of Roger de Romara, sister, and heiress of Morcar, -the Saxon Earl of Northumberland and Lincoln, delivered the estates, -amongst which was this lordship, to Henry the first, for the dignity of -the Earldom of Chester. Against this, William de Romara, son of Lucia by -her former husband, appealed to the king, but in vain. William however -strengthening by his interest the rebellion in Normandy which had been -raised by Robert, the eldest son of the conqueror, and brother of the -king, Henry, to appease his wrath, and obtain his favor, was in the -twenty-second year of his reign, induced to restore to him the estates of -his mother Lucia, and invest him with the Earldom of Lincoln. About the -same time asserting the rights of the Empress Maud, in her contentions -with Stephen for the throne, he greatly contributed to her early -successes, particularly at the seige of Lincoln. After this, exchanging -certain lands in Normandy with Robert de Tillol for the lordships of -Hareby, Enderby, and Hundleby, parts of this soke, William was invited by -the security of the situation, to erect his castle at Bolingbroke. - -By his wife Maud, the daughter of Richard de Redvers, he had issue a son -named William, who married Hawise daughter of Stephen Earl of Albemarle; -but dying in the life time of his father, the estates descended to his -son, also called William. This William, the third of that name, to -further improve this fortress, and add to the advantages of its -situation, procured from Simon Briton, who also held lands in these -parts, remission of all his claims in the whole marsh of Bolingbroke, and -from Jeffrey Fitz Stephens, the superior of the Knights Templar, a full -release of their interest in all the fens belonging to this manor, and -its soke, which William de Romara his grandfather had given to them. - -This last mentioned individual of the family of Romara died without -issue, and in him the male line of the family ceased, as appears from -Gilbert de Gaunt, after being a suppliant prisoner when fighting on the -side of Stephen at the siege of Lincoln, and compelled by the first -William de Romara to marry his daughter Hawise, becoming in her right -possessor of this manor, and receiving also the Earldom of Lincoln. - -Gilbert de Gaunt, died in the second year of the reign of Henry the -second, and left issue, two daughters, Alice and Gunnora; the former of -whom was married to Simon de St. Liz, Earl of Huntingdon, who is said to -have enjoyed, during her life time, the Earldom of Lincoln, and with it -this lordship. Alice as well as her sister Gunnora dying without issue, -their uncle Robert de Gaunt, though unallied by blood, became their heir, -and possessed himself of these estates. Gilbert his son succeeded him; -but joining the cause of the barons against King John, and afterwards -against his son and successor, Henry the third, he was defeated at -Lincoln, taken prisoner, and these estates conferred upon Ranulph de -Meschines, surnamed de Blundeville, Earl of Chester; who, being third in -descent from Ranulph Earl of Chester, by his wife Lucia, the widow of -Roger de Romara, and sister of Morcar the Saxon Earl of Lincoln, had, -independent of the claims on his sovereign for aiding in firmly -establishing his family on the throne, a natural right, superior to that -of the family of de Gaunt. Ranulph de Blundeville dying without issue, -his sisters became his co-heiresses; but he had during his life time -assigned by charter to one of them, named Hawise, the Earldom of Lincoln, -and with it this manor and castle. - -Robert, son and heir of Sayer de Quincy, Earl of Winchester, marrying -Hawise, left issue, a daughter, Margaret, who was married to John de -Laci, a descendant of the Barons of Pontefract. John de Laci received -from Henry the third a charter of confirmation of the Earldom of Lincoln, -and the inheritances which he possessed by his wife Margaret de Quincy. - -Edmund his son dying before his mother, did not inherit the Earldom, -though he received the tertium denarium of the county: he left issue, -Henry, John, and Margaret, the former of whom succeeded to this manor and -the Earldom of Lincoln; and is said to have been the most exalted -nobleman of his time. He is stated to have been illustrious in counsel, -undaunted in the fight, chief among the warriors of his country, and in -fine, the brightest ornament of the reign. {69} His sons dying young, he -bequeathed by will all his possessions to the heirs of Edmund -Plantagenet, in case of failure of issue by his daughter Alice. Thomas, -Earl of Lancaster, son of Edmund Plantagenet, marrying Alice, held in her -right, the estates of her father Henry de Laci, who, on his death bed, -desirous that his son in law should be ennobled not only by the attendant -riches, but also by the influence of his example, enjoined him to devote -his power to secure the liberties of his country. But the proud and -resolute spirit of the Earl of Lancaster needed no such injunctions to -spur him on to action. Indignant that Hugh de Spenser should enjoy the -favor of his sovereign, Edward the second, he after effecting the -destruction of Piers Gaveston, broke out into open rebellion: defeated -however at Boroughbridge, he was ignominiously put to death at his castle -of Pontefract, and his estates forfeited to the crown. The inheritances -which were, as has been before noticed, the right of his wife, were still -reserved to her; but having borne an indifferent reputation for chastity, -following the impulses of her amours in the life time of her late -husband, and after his death marrying without the consent of the king to -Eubold le Estrange, the king with whom but trivial pretences were -sufficient for abridging the powers of any individual allied to his -haughty relatives of the house of Lancaster, seized for this breach of -fealty, or homage, all the inheritance which she held of the crown in -chief, among which were this manor, and that of Denbigh, and conferred -the whole on his favorite Hugh de Spenser. - -Henry, brother of Thomas the late Earl of Lancaster, procured in the -first parliament after the accession of Edward the third, a remission of -the forfeited estates of the family; and upon the death of the countess -Alice, the wife of his late brother, her honors and splendid inheritances -devolved to him, partly by the will of her father Henry de Laci, and -partly by reason of a render made by him to Edward the first, and a -re-grant by charter from that monarch to the heirs of Henry de Laci, with -remainder to the heirs of Edmund Plantagenet. - -Henry Earl of Lancaster died without male issue, but left two daughters -Maud and Blanche; the former of whom married William of Bavaria, and left -no issue; but Blanche became the sole heir of her father, and married -John of Gaunt, who, by reason of the inheritances, was created Duke of -Lancaster. By her he had issue, at the castle at this place, the -celebrated Henry of Bolingbroke; upon whose accession to the throne, the -whole patrimony through the line of Lancaster became invested in the -crown, and in his reign was counted one of the manorial possessions of -the king, denominated honors. - - - -THE CASTLE. - - -On the south side of the town is the scite of the castle, which is now -only to be distinguished by the traces of its foundations, encompassed by -a moat. - -The seclusion of this spot amongst steep hills, with only an opening to -the level country, southward, rendered it in the early mode of warfare a -desirable situation for a place of defence, since it was at all times -secure from the emergencies of a sudden surprise. The advantages of such -a situation were not overlooked by William de Romara, who about the early -part of the reign of king Stephen, erected his castle at this place. - -From the testimony of Mr. Gervase Holles, who is the only person that has -left us a description of this castle, it appears to have been a very -spacious square edifice, characterized in its construction by strength -and uniformity, and containing beside numerous apartments, all the -conveniences of warfare. {71} By Queen Elizabeth it was improved by -elegant and extensive erections, and though afterwards neglected, yet it -remained a place of importance down to the time of the civil wars in the -reign of Charles the first, when for some time it withstood a siege by -the parliamentary forces. - -After the defeat of the royal army at Winceby, this castle was compelled -to yield to the army of the parliament, who, after dismantling it, left -it silently to decay. For a many years part of a circular building, said -to be the gate-house, continued standing; but in May 1815, this last -remaining fragment of the once formidable structure fell to the ground. - -To the east of the enclosure may be seen the entrenchments, behind which -the assailants, in 1643, protected themselves in their attack on this -castle. - - - -THE CHURCH. - - -The church being occupied by the parliamentary forces when they stormed -the castle, was almost entirely demolished by the cannon of that -fortress. - -The part now remaining, is situated a short distance north of the scite -of the castle, and consists of a tower, and a part appropriated for -public worship, which was once the southern aisle of the original -edifice. It is built of sand stone, and if the delicate tracery of its -windows be excepted, it contains but little architectural beauty. These -windows were once ornamented with richly stained glass of which not a -fragment is now remaining. {73} - -There is yet preserved in this church the mutilated remains of an -embroidered cloth for the communion table, said to have been wrought by -one of the Duchesses of Lancaster. - -Two chantries, which formerly were attached to this church, were -suppressed at the dissolution of religious houses, in the twenty-sixth -year of the reign of Henry the eighth. - -The rectory is in the presentation of Lady Eyre of Mortlake, in Surrey. - - - -THE TOWN. - - -At so early a period as the time of forming the Domesday survey, this -town appears to have arisen into some consideration as a place of trade, -being possessed of a market, which however is in that record denominated -a new one. {74} - -For a many years it was considered one of the principal market towns of -the county of Lincoln; but its trade, for some time previous to the -destruction of the castle, had been gradually withdrawing to other places -more conveniently situated; and afterwards the town fell rapidly into -decay, and its market became wholly unfrequented. - -Although it may be at present identified as a mere village; yet its -widely detached houses, partially paved streets, and grass grown market -place, connected with the mounds of the castle which once adorned the -spot, evince sufficiently that there has been a time when destitution was -not the characteristic of the town of Bolingbroke. - -An unsuccessful attempt has lately been made to revive the market, on a -portion of land allotted to this parish on the enclosure of the fens, in -lieu of right of common thereon. An annual fair on the tenth of July, is -held both at this town and on the fen allotment. - -There is a free school at this place, founded and endowed in 1588, by a -Mr. Chamberlain. - -In 1811 this parish contained 75 houses, and 361 inhabitants. - -Bolingbroke gives the title of viscount to the family of St. John, of -Lydiard Tregoze, in Wiltshire. - - - - -REVESBY. - - -REVESBY is situated at the distance of six miles south from Horncastle, -on the road from that place to Boston, and is included in the soke of -Bolingbroke. - -What now constitutes the parish of Revesby, appears formerly to have been -three distinct manors, Revesby, Thoresby, and Seithesby; the greater part -of which was the property of William de Romara, Earl of Lincoln. In the -year 1142 he founded a Cistertian monastery at this place, and previous -to endowing it with the whole of his possessions here, he negotiated -exchanges with the other proprietors, by which he was enabled to give the -entirety of the three manors to his new monastery. {76} - - [Picture: Revesby Abbey, Seat of The Right Hon. Sir Joseph Banks, Bart.] - -To add to the solemnity of the ceremony of foundation, the Earl on this -occasion manumitted several slaves, who had petitioned for their liberty. -One of them, called Wilhelmus Medicus, was doubtless a physician; -another, Rogerus Barkarius, probably a shepherd: the surnames of persons -at that time being derived from their profession. A person named Roger -Barker resided until lately at a place called Stickney Wydale. This -place belongs to the parish of Revesby, though about four miles distant, -and is supposed to have been given to the monks on condition of their -keeping Nordyke Causeway, formerly a dangerous pass, in repair. - -Beside the endowment of William de Romara, the monastery was enriched by -numerous other benefactions. At the dissolution of religious houses, its -possessions with all its rights were granted to Charles Brandon, Duke of -Suffolk; and on the death of his two infant sons, who survived him only a -short time, their extensive possessions were divided among the heirs -general. On this division, Revesby fell to the lot of the Carsey family, -who resided here several years, and afterwards sold it to the Lord -Treasurer Burleigh, from whom it descended to the first and second Earls -of Exeter; the latter of whom settled it on his grandson Henry Howard, -the third son of the Earl of Berkshire. About a century ago it was sold -by the descendants of Henry Howard, to Joseph Banks, Esquire, the great -grandfather of the Right Honorable Sir Joseph Banks, Baronet, who is the -present possessor. - -The seat of the proprietor was built by Craven Howard, nephew and heir of -Henry Howard; but has been much enlarged by the family of Banks. Part of -an ancient mansion, formerly the residence of the abbots, now forms the -offices. The monastery, which stood at a considerable distance, has long -been entirely demolished. - -The church, which is a small neat structure, was re-built by the before -mentioned Joseph Banks, Esquire. It is a donative of exempt -jurisdiction. - -At the east end of the chancel is a tablet containing this inscription: - - “Dedicated to the Memmorie of NEHEMIAH RAWSON, Esq. A Member of this - Common Wealth, and a Justice of Peace. Hee Married Frances the - Daughter of Thomas Knightley of Brough Hall in the County of - Stafford, Esq. By Whome hee had Issue Six Daughters, Elizabeth - Married to Richard Parkes of Lutton, Gent. Hanna to Theophilus Hartt - of Birkwood Esq. Abigal to Daniell Hartt of London Grocer, Sarah, - Rebecca and Mary, Dyed Younge, he Departed this Life in January 1657. - Aged 80 Yeares.” - -At the same end is another tablet, with the following inscription, and a -shield containing a bend, in the sinister chief three crosses fitchy: - - “To the perpetual Memorie of HENRY HOWARD third Son of Thomas Howard - Earle of Barkshire by Elizabeth Daughter and heiresse to William - Cecill Earle of Exeter his Wife who Departed this Life in the XLIIII - Yeare of his age in December MDCLXIII. - - “This Monument was Dedicated and Erected by his Nephew whom hee made - his heir and successor to this Mannor of Revesby and his Lands in - Lincolnshire, Craven Howard Son of William Howard who was 4th Son of - the Earle and Countesse of Barkshire (before mentioned) in the yeare - 1691.” - -On the north side of the chancel is a large marble monument, surmounted -by the bust of the individual whose memory it perpetuates, and ornamented -with a shield containing the arms of BANKS, Sable, a cross or, between -four flowers de luce argent. This monument contains the following -inscription: - - “H. S. E. - - “JOSEPHUS BANKS Armiger ex antiqua familia apud Bank-Newton, in agro - Eborac. Oriundus. Juris prudentiæ studio operam dedit illamq. - feliciter exercuit. - - “In honorem Dei Ecclesiam hanc vetustate collabentem, a solo - restituit Vicinium Ptochotrophium in X Senum aut Mancorum subsidium a - fundamentis extruxit. - - “Bis ad suprema Regni Comitia Senator Grimsbeiæ in Lincolnia, et - Totenesiæ in Devonia. Electus, Regi suo et Patriæ utriamque vicem - fideliter inservivit. - - “Maritus et Pater benignus Amicus sine fuco Pacti et Promissi sui - observantissimus Annos LXII. vixit XXVII. Septemb. A.D. MDCCXXVII. - obiit. - - “Liberos vidit adultos Josephum et Mariam Quorum hanc Dno. Francisco - Whichcote Barnto. nuptam, Patre superstite præpropera mors abripuit; - Optimo Parenti superstes Ille. - - “M. H. P. C.” - -Near to the church are ten alms-houses, on the centre of the front of -which is the following inscription: - - “Joseph Banks Esq. Lord of Revesby by his Will Directed the Building - of these Almshouses for Ten poor People & Endowed the Same with Fifty - pounds a year. He Departed this Life the 27th of Sept. 1727 Leaving - Joseph Banks Esq. his only Son Heir who in Pursuance of his Father’s - Will erected this Anno 1728.” - -In this parish are two tumuli, each about one hundred feet diameter, and -about one hundred feet apart, which have been formerly surrounded by a -fosse. Dr. Stukeley supposes them to have been either the places of -sepulture of two British Kings, or places of religious worship. {79} - -A fair is held at Revesby on the second Monday after old Michaelmas day -annually. - -In 1811, the parish contained 99 houses, and 498 inhabitants. - - - - -KIRKSTEAD. - - -KIRKSTEAD, anciently called Cristed, is situated on the east bank of the -Witham, in the hundred of Gartree, and is about three miles distant from -Tattershall, and eight from Horncastle. Formerly it was a hamlet of -Kirkby super Bane, but for many years it has been considered as a -separate parish. - - [Picture: Kirkstead Chapel] - -The manor, with that of Tattershall, was among the several estates given -by the conqueror to Eudo, one of his Norman followers. His son Hugh fitz -Eudo, called the Breton, founded a Cistertian Abbey here in 1139, and -endowed it with his possessions in this place. Afterwards the monks, -considering the situation unhealthy, petitioned Robert, the son of the -founder, to allow them to remove the abbey to some other place; but -though they obtained permission, yet it does not appear that the affair -was proceeded in any further. The abbey had subsequently many -benefactors, and acquired very extensive possessions. - -At the dissolution of religious houses, the Kirkstead estate was given by -Henry the eighth, to Charles Duke of Suffolk; and on the division of his -estates after the death of his two sons, who survived him but a short -time, it reverted to the king as one of the heirs general of the family, -and was subsequently given to Lord Clinton and Saye, afterwards Earl of -Lincoln. This estate descended to Mr. Daniel Disney, in right of his -wife Catherine, the youngest daughter of Henry Fynes Clinton, Esquire, -and grand-daughter of the second Earl of Lincoln. In the year 1792 it -was sold by Mr. Disney Fytch, grandson of Mr. Daniel Disney, to the -present possessor, Richard Ellison, Esquire, of Sudbroke Holme, near -Lincoln. - -Of the Abbey a small ruin only remains: but from a plate of “The -Ichnography of the Monastery of Kirsted Linc.” in Stukeley’s Itinerarium -Curiosum, the buildings appear to have been extensive. - -South of the ruin of the Abbey is the Chapel, a very curious building, -which according to tradition was built previous to the monastery. It is -of early English architecture, having lancet windows at the sides and -east end, and an ox-eye window over the entrance at the west end. The -roof is beautifully groined, the ribs springing from corbel tables; and -against the south wall on the inside, is a rude figure in stone of a -knight templar, with the front part of his helmet in the shape of a -cross. For many years the roof of this building was covered with thatch, -but in 1790 it was removed and a covering of tiles substituted. At that -time also the bell, which had previously hung in a tree, was placed over -the west end of the building. - -This chapel is a donative of exempt jurisdiction, but appears to have had -no stipend for the officiating minister until it came into the possession -of Mr. Daniel Disney, who being a presbyterian, appointed a minister of -that persuasion to perform service there, with a salary of £30. per -annum. {81} In order that the tenets which he professed might not want -support in his parish, in 1720 he settled certain lands upon five -trustees, the profits of which were to be applied to the maintenance of a -presbyterian minister at this place. This gift he afterwards confirmed -by his will in 1732, and in addition, bequeathed to the trustees the use -of the chapel and chapel ground for the same purpose. On the death or -alienation of the minister, the trustees were to present the names of two -to the lord of the manor, who was to appoint one of them, and on his -neglect or refusal, the trustees themselves were to make the appointment. -Ministers continued to be nominated by the prescribed form until the -death of Mr. Dunkley, who had for many years received the bequeathed -stipend, and whose demise took place in 1794. On that occasion the -present owner of the manor took possession of the estates which had been -conveyed to the trustees, and appointed to the chapel a minister of the -Church of England, paying him £30. per annum. The trustees, however, -recovered possession of the estates, by an action of ejectment, tried at -Lincoln summer assizes, 1812, but not of the Chapel. Owing to some -difficulties in the arrangement of the affairs, the presbyterian form of -worship is not yet re-established here. - -This village gave birth to the celebrated monk Hugh de Kirkstead, who is -styled by Fuller “a Benedictine Cistertian Bernardine Monk, or, as it may -be termed a treble refined Christian.” He, and Serlo, one of his own -order, joined in composing a chronicle of the Cistertians from their -first arrival in England in 1131, to their own time, about 1210. - -In the fourteenth volume of the “Archeologia of the Society of -Antiquaries” is an engraving of an ancient iron candlestick of a very -singular construction, six of which were found in cleaning the bed of the -river Witham near this place. - -This village contained, according to the returns of 1811, 26 houses and -110 inhabitants. - - - - -TATTERSHALL. - - -SITUATION. - - -TATTERSHALL or Tateshall is a small market town in the wapentake of -Gartree. It is situated on the banks of the river Bane, near its -junction with the river Witham, and is distant nine miles south west from -Horncastle. It is a place of considerable antiquity, having been a Roman -military station; traces of two encampments of that warlike people being -still visible, at a short distance from the town, in a place called -Tattershall park. Several Roman coins have also been found in different -parts of the parish. - - [Picture: Tattershall Church and Castle, from the South East] - - - -THE MANOR. - - -Shortly after the conquest, the lordship of Tattershall, together with -the hamlet of Tattershall Thorpe, and several other estates, was given by -King William to Eudo and Pinso, two Norman nobles, who had attended him -into England, but who, though sworn brothers in war, were not otherwise -related. On the division of the estates between these chieftains, this -manor became the property of Eudo, who fixed his residence here. Upon -his death his estates descended to his son, Hugh Fitz Eudo, who, in the -year 1139, founded an abbey for Cistertian monks at the neighbouring -village of Kirkstead. - -Hugh was succeeded by his son Robert, who left issue a son named Philip. -Philip, after serving the office of sheriff of Berkshire in the seventh -year of the reign of Richard the second, and also of Lincolnshire in the -eighth, ninth and tenth years of the same king, was succeeded by his son -Robert, the second of that name, who, in the year 1201, procured from -King John, by means of a present of a well-trained goshawk, a grant to -hold a weekly market on Thursday, on this manor. Robert was followed by -his son of the same name, who about the year 1230, obtained from Henry -the third a licence to build a castle at this place, together with a -grant of free warren in all his demesne lands. The male line of Eudo was -continued in regular descent, by Robert the fourth, fifth, sixth, and -seventh; upon the death of the latter of whom in his minority, it became -extinct, and the inheritance was divided between his three sisters. -Tattershall became the portion of Joan, one of the co-heiresses, who -married Sir Robert Driby, and who had issue by him a daughter and heiress -Alice, afterwards married to Sir William Bernack. John, the son of this -latter marriage, was succeeded by William, who died a minor, and left his -sister Maud his heiress. - -The Fitz Eudos, from the place, assumed the cognomen of Tateshall, and by -that title had summons to parliament among the great barons of the realm. - -Maud, the heiress of the Bernack family, married Sir Ralph, afterwards -Lord Cromwell, who, in her right, became lord of this manor; and upon his -death, which happened on the twenty-seventh day of August in the year -1398, left his son Ralph his heir, who died in 1416, and was succeeded by -a son of the same name. In the year 1433, this latter Ralph was by Henry -the sixth appointed Treasurer of the Exchequer. He died without issue on -the fourth of January, 1455; whereby his two nieces, the daughters of his -sister, the wife of Sir Richard Stanhope, became his co-heiresses. - -It does not appear into whose hands the Tattershall estate fell after the -death of the Lord Treasurer Cromwell, until the year 1487, when Henry the -seventh granted the manor to his mother, Margaret, Countess of Richmond, -and in the following year entailed it on the Duke of Richmond. The Duke -dying without issue, Henry the eighth in 1520, granted it to Charles Duke -of Suffolk, by letters patent, which were confirmed by Edward the sixth, -in the year 1547. - -On the death of the two infant sons of the Duke of Suffolk, who survived -their father only a short time, this manor again came into the possession -of the king as one of the heirs general of the family. By letters -patent, dated the fifth of September, 1551, Edward the sixth granted the -castle with the manor, in fee, to Edward Lord Clinton and Saye, -afterwards Earl of Lincoln. The Earl dying in 1584, was succeeded by his -son Henry, who died in 1616, leaving issue a son and heir Thomas, who -survived his father only two years, and was followed by his son -Theophilus, who died in 1667. The next possessor was Edward, who was the -grandson of Theophilus, and who died at Tattershall in 1692; in him -terminated the male line of the Clinton family. Upon his death, without -issue, the Tattershall estate became the property of his cousin Bridget, -who married Hugh Fortescue, Esquire, by whom she had a son and heir Hugh, -created in 1746, Baron Fortescue, and Earl Clinton. Upon his death in -1751, his half brother Matthew succeeded him, but dying in 1785, the -Tattershall estate descended to his eldest son Earl Fortescue, the -present possessor. - -Besides the liberties of the parks, chases and free warrens, belonging to -the castle and manor of Tattershall, it also appears in the several -grants of Henry the third, Henry the fourth, Henry the seventh, Henry the -eighth, and in the grant of the liberties of Richmond fee, whereof the -castle and manor of Tattershall is a part, that to the said castle and -manor also belong the liberties of stallage, tolls of markets and fairs, -together with the privilege for all tenants and inhabitants of -Tattershall to be discharged of any tolls in fairs and markets abroad; -also the sole liberties of fishing, fowling, hawking, and hunting, in all -the said manors, chases and the precincts of them; also suits of courts -baron, waifs, estrays, treasure trove, goods and chattels of felons, -fugitives, men outlawed, and felones de se, deodands, bondmen, villains, -with their sequels; and also that neither the sheriff of the county, nor -his bailiff shall arrest within the said manor, and that no distress -taken therein shall be delivered, nor replevins granted by the sheriff, -but only by the steward of the lord of the said manor. - - - -THE CASTLE. - - -About two hundred and fifty yards south-west of the town stands the -remains of the castle, a stately edifice, erected by the Lord Treasurer -Cromwell, about the year 1440. - -William of Worcester states, that the Lord Treasurer expended in building -the principal and other towers of this castle above four thousand marks; -his household there consisted of one hundred persons, and his suite, when -he rode to London, commonly of one hundred and twenty horsemen; and his -annual expenditure was about £5000. {86a} - -This castle was originally intended as a place of defence, and was -surrounded by two fosses, the inner one faced with brick, great part of -which is now remaining. Formerly it was of great extent, but was -dilapidated in the civil wars between the unfortunate Charles the first -and his parliament: for the damages thereby sustained, Theophilus, fourth -Earl of Lincoln, petitioned parliament in the year 1649. - -The part now remaining, is a rectangular brick tower of exquisite -workmanship, about one hundred feet in height, divided into four stories, -and flanked by four octagonal turrets; and is raised on ponderous arches, -forming spacious vaults, which extend through the angles of the building, -into the bases of the turrets. {86b} Under the crown of these vaults was -a deep well, which is now filled up. - - [Picture: South-West View of Tattershall Castle, with a Ground Plan] - -The walls are of great thickness, particularly that on the east side, in -which are several galleries and narrow rooms, arched in a curious manner, -through which communications were obtained with the principal apartments -in the several stories, from the great stairs in the south-east turret. -The east wall also contains the chimnies. - -The windows are of the pointed order, well-proportioned, and contain -tracery; those on the south, west and north sides are large, and from -them the principal apartments received light; those on the east are -smaller, being designed to give light only to the rooms and galleries in -that wall. - -The main walls were carried to the top of the fourth story, where the -tower was covered by a grand platform, or flat roof, which, together with -the several floors, is entirely destroyed. Surrounding this part of the -tower are very deep machicolations, upon which, and part of the main -walls, is a parapet of great thickness, with arches, intended to protect -the persons employed over the machicolations. Upon these arches is a -second platform, enclosed with a parapet and embrasures; above which the -embattled turrets rise to a considerable height; three of them -terminating in cones covered with lead. The cone of the fourth turret is -demolished. - -On the ground floor is an elegantly carved stone chimney piece, -embattled, and ornamented alternately with arms, and treasury purses with -the motto “nay je droit.” - - _First Row_. - -1. Ten roundels. - -3. A lion rampant. FITZ ALAYN, or BELLERS. - -5. Vairè a fesse. MARMION. - -6. Ermine a fesse. BERNACK. - -8. A bend and chief, CROMWELL, quartering a cheque and chief, TATESHALL, -impaling a fesse dauncette between ten billets, DEINCOURT. - -10. CROMWELL and TATESHALL quarterly. - - _Second Row_. - -2. Bendy of ten. CLIFTON. - -4. DEINCOURT. - -5. Three cinquefoils. a dexter canton. DRIBY. - -7. Barry of six, a bend, GREY of ROTHERFIELD. - -In the point of the surbase arch of this chimney piece is the coat of -CROMWELL. - -Over this is another embattled chimney piece adorned with the following -arms and devices, in circles: - -1. Treasury purse and motto. -2. TATESHALL. -3. Saint Michael and the dragon. -4. Quarterly, CROMWELL and TATESHALL, impaling DEINCOURT. -5. CROMWELL quartering TATESHALL; crest, a helmet; supporters two wild -men. -6. Under an arch, a man tearing a lion. -7. A lion rampant. -8. Treasury purse and motto. - -Above, between these circles, are seven small shields, with these arms: -DEINCOURT, DRIBY, CROMWELL, one broken, CROMWELL, TATESHALL, and -DEINCOURT; and below seven purses. - -The two upper stories also contain ornamented chimney pieces, but they -are inferior to those described. - -From the top of the castle is a very extensive view of the surrounding -country. - - [Picture: Chimney Pieces in Tattershall Castle] - -Between the castle and the church stands an ancient brick building, -which, from the stile of architecture, appears to be coeval with the -castle, and is now inhabited. On the west of the castle is another -remain, apparently of the same date. Each of these buildings is situated -between the outer and inner fosse. - -The principal entrance to the castle, with its portcullis and towers, was -standing at the north-east corner of the enclosure, when Buck made his -drawing in 1726. - - - -THE COLLEGIATE CHURCH. - - -In the seventeenth year of the reign of Henry the sixth, a licence was -obtained from that monarch, directed to Ralph Cromwell, Knight, Henry -Bishop of Winchester, Cardinal of England, William Alnewick, Bishop of -Lincoln, John Scroope, Knight, Walter Hungerford, Knight, Walter Talbois, -Esquire, and William Paston, patrons of the parish church of Tattershall, -in the county of Lincoln, empowering them to convert the said church, -into a collegiate church or college, in honour of the Holy Trinity, the -blessed Virgin Mary, St. Peter the Apostle, St. John the Baptist, and St. -John the Evangelist. The establishment was to consist of seven -chaplains, one of whom to be custos or master, six secular clerks, and -six choristers. The licence further authorized them to erect a perpetual -alms-house on their own ground, being parcel of the castle and manor of -Tattershall, next to the church-yard, containing ten acres, for thirteen -poor persons of both sexes; with mansion houses and buildings for the -said master, chaplains, clerks, choristers and their servants; with -cloisters, enclosures, gardens, orchards and all other conveniences; and -to assign the same to the said master and chaplains; who were to be a -body corporate, and have a common seal for the execution of all business, -with power to sue and be sued, and to purchase, receive and hold lands, -tenements, and other revenues, ecclesiastical or secular, to the value of -£200. per annum, over and above the advowson and yearly value of the said -church of Tattershall, and the houses and ten acres of land aforesaid, -without fine or fee to the king or his heirs. - -The Lord Treasurer, in pursuance of this licence, began to convert the -parish church into a college; but it appears that he died before it was -finished, as, by his will, dated a short time previous to his decease, he -bequeathed his body to be buried in the collegiate church of Tattershall, -until the whole fabrick should be rebuilt, and then to be removed into -the midst of the choir. - -The church was afterwards finished nearly as it remains at this time; and -mansion houses and other necessary buildings were erected for the use of -the foundation, as well as the alms houses mentioned in the licence. -Among the inscriptions in the MS. of Lincolnshire Church Notes, taken by -Mr. Gervase Holles, are the names of several persons who belonged to this -establishment. - -This college received several benefactions, and its possessions -progressively increased to a considerable magnitude. In the thirty-sixth -year of Henry the eighth, the whole was granted to Charles, Duke of -Suffolk, who at that time was possessor of the castle and manor. - -The church stands about eighty yards east of the castle, near the outer -fosse, and is a beautiful and spacious stone structure in the form of a -cross, consisting of a square tower, a nave with five arches on a side, -and eight clerestory windows placed in pairs, a transept, and a choir. -On the north side is a porch, on which are sculptured the arms of William -of Wainflete, Bishop of Winchester: formerly there were two porches on -the south side also bearing the arms of the same bishop; but these have -been some time since removed. Over the great eastern window is a richly -ornamented niche, in which a statue once stood: the wall above the -western door is likewise ornamented with thirteen blank shields. The -cloisters, which were on the south side of the chancel, are entirely -demolished. - -In the south wall of the chancel are three stone stalls and a piscina, -with a cornice charged with various animals; on each side of the transept -is also a piscina. There is a handsome rood-loft between the nave and -choir, now used as a singing gallery. - -The windows of the choir were once enriched with beautiful stained glass, -which was removed in the year 1754, by the Earl of Exeter, on condition -that it should be replaced with plain glass: but this being neglected to -be done, the choir remained about fifty years with unglazed windows; and -being thus exposed to the weather, the elegantly carved oak stalls, the -rich screens, and other ornamental work, fell entirely to decay. {90} -The choir has, within these few years, been repaired by the present Earl -Fortescue, and fitted up in a plain but neat manner. - -The windows of the nave and transept were also enriched with stained -glass containing the legendary histories of St. Guthlake, St. Catherine, -and other saints, a few fine fragments of which are preserved in two of -the transept windows. - -On the floor before the communion table is a stone which once contained a -rich brass figure of the Lord Treasurer Cromwell, habited in full plated -armour and a flowing mantle and cordon, the gauntlets reaching to the -middle joint of the fingers, a long sword across him from the middle of -the belt, and at his feet two wild men with clubs his supporters; by his -side the figure of Margaret his wife; and over them a canopy charged with -saints, and under them the following inscription: - - “Hic jacet nobilis Baro Radulphus Cromwell Miles D’ns de Cromwell - quo’dm Thesaurarius Anglie et fundator hujus Collegii cum inclita - consorte sua Margareta una herede d’ni Dayncourt qui quid’m Radulphus - obiit quarto die mens. Januarij Anno d’ni Mill’o cccclv. Et p’dicta - Margareta obiit xv die Septe’br Anno d’ni mill’io ccccliij Quor’ - Aiab’ pp’ietur Deus Amen.” - -The whole of these figures, the canopy, and the arms are gone and only -half the inscription is now remaining. - -On the north side of the Lord Treasurer, is the figure in brass of Joan -Lady Cromwell, {91a} under a canopy adorned with saints, and under her -this inscription: - - “Orate p’ a’ia Johanne d’ne Cromwell que obijt decimo die martij Anno - d’ni mill’mo cccclxxix cuj’ a’ie p’piciet’ Deus Amen.” - -On the other side of the Lord Treasurer is the figure in brass of Matilda -Lady Willoughby, {91b} under a canopy charged with saints, and at her -feet the following inscription: - - “Hic jacet d’na Matilda nuper d’ni Willughby quondam uxor Roberti - d’ni de Willughby militis ac consanguinea et heres illustris d’ni - Radulphi nup’ dn’i Crumwell militis fundatoris hujus collegii ac - specialis benefactrix ejusdem collegij que obijt xxxo die aug’ Anno - Domini Mill’imo cccclxxxxvij cujus anime p’picietur om’p’ns deus - Amen.” - -The corner shields from this stone, and also those from that of Joan Lady -Cromwell are gone. {92a} The canopies have sustained but little injury. - -In the middle of the floor of the choir is the figure in brass of a -priest, under which is the following inscription to the memory of William -Moor, the second provost of this college: - - “Vir virtute vivens Will’us vulgo vocatus - Hujus Collegii de Tateshale secundus - Hic Eboracensis fuit eccl’ie cathedralis - Sacre Scripture baccalaurius arte p’batus - Octobris dena mensis cu’ luce novena - Bil’ d’ni C quater I sexto continuat’ - - Boor micuit more mitis bene morigerat’ - Prudens p’positus et egenis semp’ habundus - Canonicus Rector et de ledenham specialis - Jam sub tellure fit vermibus esca paratus - Mente pia morit’ cujus corpus sepelitur - Sp’us in celis ejus sine fine locatur.” - -A brass figure of a priest, about five feet long, with the figure of the -deity on his breast, and several saints down his robe, is now loose in -the choir. Mr. Gough, in his “Sepulchral Monuments,” describes this as -the figure of William Moor, and attached to the above inscription. {92b} - -On the floor between the nave and the choir is a brass figure much worn, -under which, though scarcely legible, is this inscription: - - “Hic jacet Hugo . . . quondam . . . d’ni Rad’i de Cromwell Militis - d’ni de Tateshale qui obiit ultimo die Septe’bris A’o d’ni mill’mo - ccccxi cuj’ a’ie p’piciet deus Amen.” {92c} - -In various parts of the floor of this church are traces of brass figures, -which are now gone, one, in particular, against the door in the north -aisle appears to have been exceedingly rich. - -The south side of the transept is now partitioned off, and used as a -school, in which the children are instructed on the plan of Dr. Bell. - -The living is a donative, extra judicial, in the presentation of the lord -of the manor. It was once held by the Reverend Obadiah How, D.D. a man -of considerable learning, and the author of several theological -treatises; he died in 1685, and was buried in the church of Boston, of -which he was vicar. It was afterwards held for more than forty years by -the Reverend Michael Taylor, who died in 1730, and was buried in the -midst of the nave of this church. - -The college, which was situated on the north side of the church, is -entirely gone. The alms-houses still remain with a small endowment. - -An old building in the town, supposed to have been the parish chapel, now -forms part of a malting office. - - - -THE TOWN. - - -The parish of Tattershall contains about 1555 acres of land, and the -hamlet of Tattershall Thorpe about 2589 acres, the principal part of -which is the property of the lord of the manor. - -The town has derived considerable benefit from the navigable canal, which -passes through it from the river Witham to the town of Horncastle. A -fine bridge of four arches having been thrown over the Witham, in the -place of the ferry, with a turnpike road to Sleaford, has also -contributed to the improvement of the place. - -From a manuscript account of the diocese of Lincoln, taken in the year -1588, it appears that at that period Tattershall contained 236 families, -and the hamlet of Tattershall Thorpe 68. By the returns made in the year -1811, it appears that the number of houses in Tattershall was 105, and of -inhabitants 506: Tattershall Thorpe, at the same time, contained 37 -houses and 208 inhabitants. - -There are two fairs holden annually at this place; one on the fifteenth -of May, the other on the twenty-fifth of September. The market is now -held on Friday weekly. - -In the market place stands an octagonal column or shaft, which was once -surmounted by a cross. The cross has however long since been removed and -an urn substituted in its place. On three of the shields with which this -column is ornamented these arms are sculptured, viz. CROMWELL, CROMWELL -and TATESHALL quarterly, and CROMWELL and TATESHALL impaling DEINCOURT. -The arms on the fourth shield are obliterated. - - [Picture: Seal of Tattershall College] - - - - -TOWER ON THE MOOR. - - -ON an extensive moor, about four miles north of Tattershall, and about -six miles south west of Horncastle, stands the remain of a brick -building, called from its situation the _Tower on the Moor_. It was -built by the Lord Treasurer Cromwell, and is supposed to have been an -appendage to the castle at Tattershall, from which place it is plainly -visible by reason of the flatness of the intervening country. {97} - - [Picture: Tower on the Moor] - -Of this tower only an octangular turret remains, to which fragments of -the walls adhere; it is about sixty feet in height, and contains winding -stairs of brick, now in a very ruinous condition. Traces of the fosse, -by which it was surrounded, are still visible. - - - - -GEOLOGY AND NATURAL HISTORY OF THE SOKE AND NEIGHBOURHOOD OF HORNCASTLE. - - -GEOLOGY. - - -ALTHOUGH the Soke of Horncastle does not possess much variety in its -geological structure, yet a considerable diversity is to be found in the -formation of the adjacent elevated country, called the wolds. On the -annexed map the denudations of the various strata in this district are -traced out, and distinguished by different colours: the order of -stratification is also exemplified by a section, of imaginary elevation, -but on the same scale as the map with respect to horizontal distance. -The section too shows a greater extent than the map to the east, where, -on account of the dip of the strata towards that quarter, it is necessary -to commence the description, although in point of distance it cannot be -properly considered within the prescribed limits of this work. - -The tract of marsh land between the sea and the wolds, (No. 1.) consists -principally of unstratified clay, with admixtures of sand, and various -marine depositions. These circumstances, together with the old sea -banks, evidence that this mass of earth has been left by the gradual -receding of the ocean. - -On the west of these marshes is the rough elevated denudation of chalk, -(No. 2.) which forms the highest stratum of the wolds, and gently dips -underneath the marshes; for in boring in them for water the chalk is -always found. The chalk is of two colours, white and red, each lying in -regular strata, which alternate frequently, the red bearing but a small -proportion to the white. In the white, compact seams of flint, of a -light grey color, from two to six inches thick, are often met with. In -the chalk several extraneous fossils are found. - -The stratum immediately below the chalk, (No. 3.) is a coarse, brown, -pebbly sand, consisting of quartz and oxyd of iron, varying in thickness -from six to ten yards, and of uncertain appearance at its denudation. -While the different strata in these parts were exposed to the action of -the water, the sand would naturally be more affected by that element than -the superincumbent stratum of chalk; and the latter being thus left -projecting, would from the decomposing effects of the atmosphere, crumble -down, and form those various declivities which now present themselves to -view. - -Beneath the sand is a bed, about fourteen yards in thickness, (No. 4.) -containing equal proportions of oolite limestone and calcareous clay of a -light grey colour. In some parts the stone is divided by the clay into -regular strata, whilst in others it occurs in large detached pieces -imbedded in the clay. Fossil shells, and lumps of pyrites, or sulphuret -of iron, are frequently met with in the stone. - -The next stratum (No. 5.) consists of grains of quartz, for the most part -agglutinated into sandstone of different degrees of induration, and -varying in colour from a light grey to a dark brown, whilst in some parts -loose sand predominates. In the grey variety of this stone, marine -shells of different kinds, are found in great abundance: in the brown -they occur very seldom, and not at all in the sand. This stratum is -considerably thicker than the two incumbent ones. - -The lowest visible stratum is the shale, {100a} (No. 6.) which generally -makes its appearance in vallies. As it no where exhibits a denudated -termination, its thickness cannot be estimated, but from the great depths -in which it has been bored, without being perforated, it must be immense. -{100b} A great variety of organic remains are also found in this -stratum. - -The last division to be considered is an alluvial collection of earth, -almost entirely consisting of the spoils of the neighbouring strata in a -state of decomposition, wherein however detached pieces of the different -strata are to be found unaltered. From this it appears that when these -parts were deluged by the water, the current set in from east to west. -As the chalk and the shale would present the largest surfaces to the -erosion of the water, they would be more extensively acted upon than the -other strata: hence the greatest part of the alluvial deposition consists -of white marle and blue; the former (No. 7.) being of the least specific -gravity, has covered the hills, while the latter with sand gravel (No. -8.) occupies the lower parts. - - - -NATURAL HISTORY. - - -In the department of Natural History, this district possesses but little -which is deserving of particular notice. Of birds there are none which -can now be considered peculiar to this part, the drainage of the fen -lands having entirely banished the great variety of aquatic birds which -used, previous to that event, to be found here. - -A variety of plants, many of which are of rare occurrence in other parts, -are indigenous to this neighbourhood: a list of them is given in the -following table. - - Names of the Plants. Where found. -Achillea ptarmica Bridle road to Hemingby -Agrimonia eupatoria Ditto. -Alchemilla vulgaris Ditto. -Alisma plantago Ditto, wet ditches. -Allium ursinum Tetford Wood. -Anemone nemorosa Tetford and Thornton Woods. -Antirrhinum linaria Horncastle, dry banks. -Arabis thaliana Ditto, sandy grounds. -Artemisia vulgaris Ditto, long hedge. -Artemisia absinthium Tetford. -Arum maculatum West Ashby. -Asperula odorata Tetford, Stovin, and Whitehall - Woods -Asplenium adiantum Tattershall. -Berberis vulgaris Scrivelsby, Horncastle, -Betonica officinalis Tetford and Stovin Woods, -Bryonia dioica Horncastle, West Ashby. -Campanula trachelium Tetford Wood, Revesby. -Cardamine hirsuta Bridle road to Hemingby. -Carduus marianus Stovin Wood, Kirkstead. -Centaurea scabiosa Horncastle, long hedge. -Chironia pulchella Ditto, Blind lane, Scrivelsby - road. -Cichorium intybus Revesby. -Cineraria palustris Sturton. -Comarum palustre West Ashby furze-hill. -Cornus sanguinea Horncastle, woodcock-lane. -Convallaria majalis Bardney. -Cynoglossum officinali Martin, Thornton. -Crepis biennis Thornton, West Ashby. -Digitalis purpurea Holbeck, Salmonby. -Dipsacus sylvestris Horncastle. -Drosera longifolia Tattershall. -Drosera rolundifolia Ditto. -Echium vulgare West Ashby. -Erica vulgaris Moor. -Erysimum alliaria Poolham. -Eriophorum angustifolium Bridle road to Hemingby. -Eupatorium cannabinum Tetford. -Frugaria vesca Somersby. -Galeobdolon luteum. Tetford and Stovin Woods. -Genista anglica Horncastle. -Gentiana amarella Greetham, Hemingby. -Gentiana pneumonanthe Tattershall Park. -Geum rivale Horncastle, wet meadows. -Geum urbanum Ditto, banks of the Old Bane. -Galium saxatile Moor. -Hedysarum onobrychis Golceby. -Hottonia palustris Thornton Mill. -Hydrocotyle vulgaris Bridle road to Hemingby. -Hyosciamus nigrum Hemingby, Baumber, Roughton. -Hypericum audrosæmum Tattersall. -Hypericum perfoliatum Ditto. -Hypericum pulchrum Tattershall. -Hypericum elodes Bridle road to Hemingby. -Hydrocharis morsus ranæ Ditto. -Iris pseudacorus Bridle road to Hemingby. -Jasione montana Horncastle. -Ligustrum vulgare Edlington, West Ashby. -Linum perenne High Tointon. -Lonicera periclymenum Holbeck, Roughton. -Lycopsis europæus Horncastle. -Lysimachia nemorum Roughton. -Lythrum salicaria Thornton mill. -Lychnis flos cuculi, var. flor. West Ashby furze-hill. -alb. -Malaxis paludoso Moor. -Melampyrum pratense Tetford and Stovin Woods. -Menyanthes trifoliata Horncastle. -Myrica gali Moor. -Ophyris apifera Mareham-le-fen. -Ophrys ovato Thornton Wood. -Oxalis acetosella Tetford Wood. -Ophioglossum Langton, Stixwold. -Ononis arvensis Horncastle. -Orchis mascula Tetford and Thornton Woods. -Orchis maculata Ditto. -Orobus tuberosus Daw-Wood. -Parietaria officinalis Horncastle Church, Kirkstead - Abbey. -Paris quadrifolia Tetford Wood. -Parnassia palustres Horncastle. -Pedicnlaris palustris Ditto. -Pinguicula vulgaris Tattershall. -Polygonum bistorta Horncastle. -Poterium sanguisorba Ditto. -Primula elatior Thornton Wood. -Pyrethrum parthenium Wilksby. -Ranunculus flammula Ditto. -Ranunculus lingua Woodhall wharf. -Reseda luteola Tetford Wood. -Rhamnus catharticus Thimbleby. -Rubus idæus Wood at Somersby. -Sagittaria sagittifolia Thornton Mill. -Salvia verbenaca Horncastle. -Sanicula europea Stovin and Tetford Woods. -Saponaria officinalis Baumber, West Ashby, Horncastle. -Scandix pecten veneris Hemingby. -Scilla bifolia Thornton Wood. -Scrophularia aquatica Bridle road to Hemingby. -Serratula tinctoria Thornton, Stovin and Tetford - Woods -Solanum dulcamara Horncastle, Golceby. -Solidago virga aurea Tattershall. -Spartium scoparium West Ashby, Harrington. -Spirea fillipendula Bridle road to Hemingby. -Tamus communis West Ashby. -Tanacetum vulgare Salmonby, Golceby. -Teucrium scorodonia Holbeck, Salmonby. -Tormentilla repens Bridle road to Hemingby, - Scrivelsby. -Trachelium majus Revesby. -Tussilago farfara Horncastle. -Tussilago hybrida Horncastle, Hemingby. -Tussilago petasites Horncastle. -Typha latifolia Tetford. -Vaccinium oxycoccum Moor. -Valeriana sylvestris Horncastle, Tattershall. -Verbascum Tetford Wood. -Verbena officinales West Ashby. -Vinca major Salmonby. -Viola albus Edlington. -Viola canina Tetford Wood. -Viola hirta Ditto. -Viola tricolor Holbeck, Salmonby, Tetford. - -Minerals occur rarely in this part, and in very small quantities. Lumps -of sulphuret of iron in the oolite stratum, earthy oxide of iron and -prussiate of iron in a valley at Salmonby, and a stalactitic oxide of -iron in the ferruginous gravel, comprise all the varieties which have yet -been found. - -Although organic remains are to be found in some parts of this district -in considerable quantities, yet they do not include many varieties. The -following list of those now in the collection of the author, comprises -one of almost every species which has yet been found. - - _From the Chalk Stratum_. No. 2. - -A cast within some bivalve Venus. - -A cast within Terebratula semiglobosus. _Sowerby’s Mineral Conchology_, -15 _and_ 59. - - _From the Sand Stone Stratum_. No. 5. - -An Ammonites, curious and not named. It is without a keel; else like -Ammonites inflatus. - -A Cardita. _Sowerby’s Mineral Conchology_, 197. - -An Inoceramus. - -An Unio. - -A Terebratula approaching glaber. - -A Terebratula approaching acerminatus. - -A cast within a bivalve, not named. - -A cast within a Trochus. - - _From the Shale or Clunch Clay_. No. 6. - -An Os Femoris of some large quadruped. - -Part of a large Vertebræ. - -Part of a small Vertebræ. - -An Ammonites, not named. - -A Venus equales. _Sowerby’s Mineral Conchology_, 21. - -An Ostrea crista galli. _Linnæus_. - -A Cardita. - -An Unio hybrida. _Sowerby’s Mineral Conchology_, 154, _fig._ 2. - -An Ostrea under valve, with a cast of the inside of the upper valve. - -A Griphites incurva. _Sowerby’s Mineral Conchology_, 112, 1 _and_ 2. - -An Ammonites seratus. _Sowerby’s Mineral Conchology_, 24. - -An Inoceramus Cuvierii hinge. - -Several Unios. - -A piece composed entirely of shells, the chief part of which are the -Serpula auricula. It also contains an inside cast of a small turretted -shell. - - _From the beds of Ferruginous Gravel in Alluvium of Shale_. No. 8. - -A Madrepore. - -An Alcyonium, or Spongites. - -An Astarte. - -A cast of Shell, not named. - -An Echinus. - -A cast of an Unio indistinct. - -A part of a Spongites. - -An Ostrea, with a cast of the upper valve. - -An impression of a Cactus, or an Euphorbia, or some other Oriental plant. -_Sowerby’s Mineral Conchology_, 40. - - * * * * * - -In the valley at Salmonby, near to the spot where the earthy oxide of -iron is found, is a chalybeate spring, the water of which is of the same -nature as that of Tunbridge, but much stronger. - - - - -APPENDIX - - -No. 1. - - - _Manor and Soke of Horncastle_, _from the Domesday Survey_. - -M. In HORNECASTRE h’b. Edid regin. III car. t’ræ sine g’ldo. T’ra ad -IIII car. Ibi Rex h’t II car. in d’nio, et XXIX vill. et XII bord. -h’ntes III car. Ibi II mol’d. XXVI solid, et c ac. pati. T.R.E. ual. XX -lib. mº XLIIII lib. - -Soca hujus Manerii. - -In STIMELBI IIII car. t’re. Ibi XXII soch. et XVIII uill. h’nt IIII car. -et dimid. et CCXL ac. pati. - -In TODINTUNE III car. t’re. Ibi XXIII soch. et II uill’i et VIII bord. -h’nt IIII car. et CCC acas pati. - -In LANGETONE et TORP III car. t’re. Ibi XIII soch. et XXIIII uill. h’nt -IIII car. et I mol’d. IX solid, et CXX acas pati et CCL acas silve -pastilis. - -In FOLESBI dim. car. t’re. Ibi III soch. h’nt dim. car. et VIII ac’s -pati et CXX acas siluæ past. p. loca. - -In CUNINGESBI I car. t’re et dim. jnland. Ibi VIII uill. et III bord. -cu. I car. et dim. et v piscariæ v solid, et XII ac. pati et LX ac. siluæ -minutæ. - -In HOLTHA’ II car. et VI bou. t’re. Ibi VII soch. h’nt I car. et dim. et -XXXII acas pati et XX acas siluæ pastilis. - -In FOLESBI I car. t’re. Ibi I soch. h’t I car. - -In ROCSTUNE XII bou. t’re. Ibi VIII soch. h’nt I car. et dim. et XV acas -pati et XL acas siluæ past. - -In SCRIUELESBI III car. et VIII bou. t’ræ. Ibi XX soch. et XII bord. -h’nt VI. car. et CC aca pati. et VI acas siluæ minutæ. - -In MOREBI III car. t’re. Ibi VIII soch. et X bord. h’nt IIII car. Ibi -æccl’a et CCXL ac. pati et VI acas silue min. - -In MARUN III car. t’re. Ibi XXI soch. et XI bord. h’nt IIII car. Ibi -æccl’a et p’b’r et LX aca pati et CCC acas siluæ min. - -In ENDREBI III car. t’re. Ibi XVI soch. et VI bord. h’nt IIII car. et LX -acas pati et CCCCL ac. siluæ past. - -In WILCHESBI I car. t’re et dim. Ibi IIII soch. et V bord. h’nt I car. -et XX acas siluæ minutæ. - -In ASCHEBI VI car. t’re. Ibi XLV soch. et V mil. et XIII bord. h’nt VIII -car. et qingentæ aca pati et pasture. - -In TEDLINTUNE IIII car. t’re. Ibi XXI soch. et VIII uill. et III bord. -h’nt VIII car. et CCCC ac. pati. - -Int’ totu’ ad g’ld. XLII carucate t’re. T. - -T’ra ad LVIII carucas. - -In his sunt CCXII soch. et LXVI uill. et LXX bord. h’ntes LV carucas. - - _Folio_ 339. - - - -No. 2. - - -_Exemplification of several Grants to the Bishop of Carlisle respecting -the Manor of Horncastle_. - -CAROLUS SECUNDUS Dei gratia Angliæ, Scotiæ, Franc’, et Hiberniæ Rex, -Fidei Defensor, &c. omnibus ad quos p’sentes l’re p’venerint Sal’tem. -INSPEXIMUS irrotulament’ chartæ confirmac’on’ quam D’nus Henricus quondam -Rex Angliæ tertius, progenitor noster, fecit Walto Carliol. Episcopo, in -rotul. claus. de anno quarto decimo ejusd’m nup. Regis irrotulat. ac -inter recordia canc’ n’re infra Turrem n’ram London’ residen’, in hæc -verba: Rex concessit p’ chartam suam Walt’o Carliol. Episcopo q’d ipse -et heredes sui habeant imp’petuum p’ omnes terras et tenement’ sua in -manerio et soka de Horncastle cum pertinen’ quasdam lib’tates et -quietancias sicut plenius in p’dict’ charta continetur. Et mandatum est -Vicecomiti Lincoln. qd p’dictam chartam in pleno comitatu suo legi, et -concessas à Rege eidem Episcopo lib’tates et quietancias ei et heredibus -suis firmiter fac’t observari. T. R. apud Portsmouth vicessimo sexto die -Aprilis. INSPEXIMUS etiam irrotulament’ quorundam seperal’ brevium -ejusd’m D’ni Henrici quondam Regis Angliæ tertii, progenitoris n’ri, -adtunc Vic. suo Lincoln. direct’, gerent’ dat. vicessimo die Aprilis anno -p’dict’ in rotul. claus. de anno supradict’ ejusd’m nup. Regis -irrotulat. ac ibid’m de recordo residen’, in hæc verba: Rex Vicecomiti -Lincoln. Sal’tem. Scias qd p’ cartam n’ram concessimus venerabili patri -Walt’o Carliol. Episcopo qd ipse et heredes sui habeant imp’petuum unam -feriam apud maner’ suum de Horncastle singulis annis, que incipiat in -Vigilia Sancti Barnabæ Apostoli, et duret p’ octo dies sequen. preter -feriam illam qu’ habent in eod’m manerio singulis annis ad festum Sancti -Laurentii, nisi p’dict’ feria sit ad nocumentum vicinar’ feriar’; et ideo -tibi p’cipimus qd p’dict’ feriam clamari fac’ et teneri sicut p’dictum. -Teste meipso apud Portsmouth vicessimo die Aprilis anno re’ni n’ri quarto -decimo. Rex eid’m Vic. Sal’tem. Scias qd p’ chartam n’ram concessimus -venerabili patri Walt’o Carliol. Episcopo qd ipse et heredes sui habeant -imp’petuum liberam warrenam in manerio suo et soka de Horncastle; et ideo -tibi p’cipimus qd s’c’d’m tenorem p’dict’ chartæ n’ræ warrenam p’dictam -clamari facias et teneri sicut p’dict’. Test. ut supra. INSPEXIMUS -etiam irrotulament’ cujusdam al’ chartæ confirmac’on’ ejusd’m D’ni -Henrici quondam Regis Angliæ tertii, eid’m Episcopo Carliol. quondam -fact’, in rotul. claus. de anno quinto decimo ejusd’m nuper Regis -irrotulat’, ac ib’d’m de recordo residen’, in hæc verba: Rex p’ chartam -suam conessit Walt’o Carliol. Episcopo quod ipse et heredes sui et omnes -homines eor’ in manerio et soka de Horncastle cum pertinentiis suis -h’eant imp’petuum lib’tates et quietancias in p’dict’ charta Regis sic -inde conferta contentas. Et mandat’ est Vicecom. Lincoln. qd p’dict’ -chartam in pleno comitatu suo legi faciat, et concessas eis p’dictas -lib’tates et quietancias in balliva sua firmiter eis faciat observari. -Teste R. apud Walingford sexto die Januarii. Et mandat’ est Baron’ de -Scaccario qd lib’tates illas et quietancias irrotulari fac’ et observari. -Teste ut supra. INSPEXIMUS ulterius irrotulament’ cujusdam al’ chartæ -ejusd’m quondam Regis Henrici tertii, eid’m Episcopo Carleol. quondam -fact’, in rotulo claus. de anno quinto decimo ejusd’m Regis irrotulat’, -ac ib’d’m in recordo residen’, in hæc verba: Rex concessit Carleol. -Episcopo qd ipse et heredes sui habeant imp’petuum singulis annis unum -mercatum p’ diem Mercurii apud manerium suum de Horncastle, et qd habeant -imp’petuum unam feriam singulis annis, ib’d’m singulis annis duraturam p’ -septem dies, vizt in Vigilia et in die et in crastino S’cti Laurentii et -p’ quatuor dies sequen’, nisi, &c. Et mandatu’ est Vicecom. Lincoln. qd -p’dict’ mercatum et p’dictam feriam clamari faciat et teneri sicut -p’dict’ est. Teste Rege apud Westmr decimo octavo die Octobris. -INSPEXIMUS ulterius irrotulament’ cujusdam inquisic’onis captæ coram D’no -Will’o de S’cto Omero et Warino de Chaucambe Justiciar’ D’ni Ed’r’i -quondam Regis Angliæ primi, anno regni sui tertio, in rotul. wapentag. -ejusd’m nup. Regis Ed’r’i primi irrotulat’, ac ib’d’m de recordo -residen’, in hæc verba: Hæc est Inquisitio facta apud Lincoln, coram D’no -Will’o de S’cto Omero et Warino de Chaucumbe, Justiciar’ D’ni Regis -assignat’ ad inquirend’ sup’ articulis subscriptis p’ duodecim juratores -de wapentag’ de Horncastle, vizt p’ D’num Rob’tum de Polum jur’, Simon -Camerar’ de Edlington, Ric’um de Woodall, Petrum de Danderby, Will’um de -Wispington, Henricum fil. Andreæ de ead’m, Sim. juxta Aquam de -Baterfield. Qui dicunt p’ sacramentum suum, quod cum ab eis inquirit’ -que et quot &c. maneria D’nus Rex habet in manu sua in singulis comitat’ -tam &c. dicunt qd nihil sciunt. Capit que etiam maneria esse solent in -manibus Regis predecessoris D’ni Regis &c. dicunt qd D’m’nus H. avus D’ni -Regis H. patris D’ni Regis qui nunc est, habuit quoddam manerium de -Horncastle in manu sua, et feoffavit Gerbaldum de Estald quondam militem -de Flaunder’ pro servicio suo, scilicet p’ servicium feod’ unius militis -D’no Regi faciend. Et post obitum d’cti Gervaldi descendit dictum -manerium in Gerrardo de Rodes, nepoti suo et heredi. Et post decessum -d’cti Gerrardi de Rodes, descendit Rad. de Rodes, filio suo et heredi, -qui etiam longo tempore tenuit de D’no Rege H. patre Regis Ed’r’i qui -nunc est, dictum manerium p’ servicium militar’ feod. unius militis, et -vendidit d’ctum maner’ Walterio Mauclerke quondam Episcopo Carliol’ et -successoribus suis ex concessione et confirmac’one D’ni Regis H. patris -D’ni Regis Ed’r’i qui nunc est. Et D’nus Rob’tus Carleol’ Episcopus -tenet nunc d’ctum manerium tanquam Ecclesiæ suæ Carleol. p’tinen’. -Dicunt etiam qd Gerrard de Rodes, filius p’d’ Rad. est modius int’ D’num -Regem et d’ctum Episcopum, et defendit d’ctum manerium versus D’num Regem -p’ servicium feod’ unius militis, unde Soka de Horncastle cum p’tinen -valet p’ ann’ x libras except. ecclesiis d’cto manerio p’tinen. Cap. -simili modo inquirat de firmis, Thrything et Wapent. Civitat’ Burgor’ &c. -dicunt qd Subthrything p’solvit D’no Regi p’ ann’ c mure’. Dicunt iterum -qd Wapentag. de Horncastle et Gayretree valent p’ ann’ ad opus D’ni Regis -XIIII marc’. De ceteris autem Wapentagiis nihil dicunt. Capit qui alii -à Rege clamant habere returnam vel extract’ brevium &c. dicunt qd D’nus -Episcopus Carleol. habet extractas et return’ brevium, et qd tenet -placitum de vetito nameo; habet etiam assis’ panis et cervis. furcas et -waif infra Sokam de Hornc’, sed à quo tempore et quo warranto qualit’ -dicunt qd nesciunt. INSPEXIMUS ulterius irrotulament’ cujusdam al. -chartæ confirmac’onis quam D’nus Henricus quondam Rex Angliæ sextus, -progenitor n’er, fecit Deo et Ecclesiæ Beatæ Mariæ Carleol. et venerabili -patri Waltero quondam Carleol. Episcopo et successorib’s suis et Priori -et Canonicis Carleol. in ead’m ecclesia Deo servien. et eor’ -successorib’s, in rotul. chart’ de anno vicessimo quinto ejusd’m nup’ -Regis Henrici sexti irrotulat’ ac ibid’m de recordo residen’, in hæc -verba: Rex universis et singulis Archiepiscopis, Episcopis, &c. Sal’tem. -Inspeximus chartam D’ni Hen. quondam Regis Angliæ tertii post Conquestum, -progenitoris n’ri, factam in hæc verba: Henricus Dei gratia Rex Angliæ et -Franciæ et D’nus Hib’niæ, Dux Normand’ et Acquitann’, Comes Ande’, -Arch’ep’is, Episcopis, Abatib’s, Priorib’s, Comitib’s, Baronib’s, -Justiciariis, Vicecomitib’s, Preposit’, Ministris, et omnib’s Ballivis -fidelib’s suis, Sal’tem. Sciatis nos intuitu Dei, et pro salute animæ -n’ræ et animarum antecessor’ et heredum nostror’, concessisse et prsenti -charta n’ra confirmasse Deo et Ecclesiæ Beatæ Mariæ Carliol’, et -venerabili patri Waltero Carliol’ Episcopo et successorib’s suis, et -Priori et Canonicis Carliol’ in ead’m ecclesia Deo servientib’s, et eor’ -successorib’s, omnes terras et redditus, tenem’t’ et possessions, jura et -dignitat’, lib’tates et lib’ras consuetudines, quæ eis à nobis vel -antecessorib’s n’ris vel aliquib’s aliis collatæ sunt vel conferend. -sicut chartæ donator’ rationabilit’ testantur vel testabunt’. -Concessimus etiam eid’m Episcopo et successorib’s suis, quod ipsi et -Prior et Canonici Carleol’ et eor’ successores imperpetuum habeant p’ -omnes terras suas et tenement’ sua theol. thenc et infangenthef et -utfangenthef; et qd ipsi et omnes homines eor’ sunt quieti imp’petuum -erga nos et heredes n’ros, Vicecomites, Constabular’, Prepositos, et -omnes Ballivos n’ros, de theolonio; et qd ipsi et omnes homines eor’ et -omnes homines feod’ suis sunt quieti imperpetuu’ erga nos et heredes -n’ros, Vicecomites, Constabular’ Preposit’, et omnes Ballivos n’ros, de -passagio, pontagio, lastagio, stallagio, et de conductu thesauri, et de -operac’onib’s castellor’, domor’, muror’, fossator’, pontium, calcetor’, -vivarior’, stagnor’, et clausur’ parcor’, et de omnibus aliis -operac’onib’s, et de sectis shirar’, wapentaccor’, hundr’or’, et -frethingor’ et de auxiliis Vicecomitum, et de murdro, et de franc’ pleg’ -et de vis. frankpleg’, et de misericordiis et de finib’s pro -misericordiis, et p’ transgressionib’s, et p’ licencia concordandi, et de -escapiis latron’, et de bobus seizina, et de placitis, querelis, et -omnib’s exacc’onib’s ad nos, Vicecomites, Constabularios, vel aliquos -alios Ballivos n’ros pertinentib’s. Concessimus etiam eid’m E’po et -successorib’s suis qd nullus Vicecomes, Constabular’, vel alius Ballivus -n’er ingressum vel posse habent in predict’ terris, feodis, vel -hominib’s, sed totum ad prdict’ Ep’c’um et successores suos et eor’ -Ballivos p’tineat, preter attachiament’ de placito coronæ, ad quæ quidem -cum Coronatores venerint faciend’ ea ita fac’ qd in nullo lædatr lib’tas -p’dicti Episcopi vel successor’ suor’. Omnes autem prdict’ lib’tates -concessimus ita qd prdict’ Prior et Canonici Carliol. et omnes -successores sui subsint et respond’ et satisfaciant prdict’ E’po et -omnib’s successor’ suis, et nulli alii nisi de voluntate ejusd’m Episcopi -et successor’ suor’, de omnib’s prdictis, sicut nobis aut heredib’s -n’ris, aut Vic’ aut Constabulariis vel aliis Ballivis n’ris, subessent et -responderent et satisfacient de eisd’m si ad nos ilia pertinerint. -Concessimus etiam qd id’m Episcopus et successores sui distringere -possint prdictos Priorem et Canonicos Carleol. terras et feoda et homines -de terris et feodis illorum, et omnes homines de terris et aliis feodis -ipsius Episcop: et successor’ suor’, ad omnia prdicta, sicut nos ad ead’m -eos distringere possumus aut heredes n’ri, aut Vic’ aut Constabular’ vel -aliqui alii Ballivi n’ri si prdict’ lib’tates aut quietanc’ concesse non -fuissent. Concessimus etiam prdiot’ Ep’o qd si aliquas lib’tates aut -quietancias ex hiis que continentr in charta ista concessit Priori et -Canonicis Carliol. nos eas confirmabimus. Concessimus etiam eid’m -Epis’po et successorib’s suis, et Priori et Canonic’ Carliol. et eor’ -successorib’s, quod omnes homines eor’ sint liberi et quieti imperpetuum -de omnib’s juratis et assis. et recognic’onib’s faciend. preterquam in -attingend. p’priis dominicis n’ris p’ juratam si opus fu’it infra com’ -ubi manentes fuerint, si forte contenc’o int’ nos ipsos et alios oriat’, -ita qd occ’one talis jurat. si forte evenerit p’ Vic’ vel alios Ballivos -n’ros non occasionentur nec lib’tas prdicti Episcopi vel successor’ suor’ -in aliqua lædatr. Concessimus etiam eid’m Episcopo et successorib’s suis -quod si aliquis hominum de terris vel feodis suis sive de terris vel -feodis Prioris et Canonicor’ Carleol. p’ delicto suo vitam aut membrum -debeat amittere, vel fugit et judicio stare noluit, vel aliud delictum -fecit pro quo cattalla sua perdere debeat, ubicunq’ justic’ fieri debeat, -sive in cur’ n’ra sive in alia cur’, omnia cattalla illa sint prdicti -Episcopi et successor’ suor’, et liceat eis sine disturbac’one -Vicecomitum et quorumcunq’ Ballivorum n’ror’ et alior’ ponere se in -seisinam de prdictis cattallis in prdictis casibus et aliis quando -Ballivi nr’i, si ad nos pertinerent, cattalla illa in manum n’ram ea -seisiri possent et deberent. Concessimus etiam eid’m Episcopo et -successoribus suis, quod quotiescunq’ aliqui malefactores capt. fuerint -in prdictis terris vel feodis p’ Ballivos ejusd’m E’pi et successor’ -suor’, de quibus non possit vel non debeat fieri judicium in cur’ prdicti -E’pi vel successor’ suor’, Vicecomites et Ballivi n’ri recipiant prdictos -malefactores sine difficultate et dilac’one sup’ forisfacturam n’ram, -quandocunq’ Ballivi prdicti E’pi et successor’ suor’ dictos malefactores -prdictis Ballivis n’ris liberare voluerint. Concessimus etiam eid’m E’po -et successorib’s suis qd habeant imperpetuum omnia amerciamenta de -omnibus hominib’s de terris et feodis suis, et de Priore et Canonicis -Carleol. et eor’ successoribus, et de omnib’s hominib’s de terris et -feodis omnib’s eorund’m, quæ amerciamenta ad nos vel heredes n’ros, vel -Vic’ aut Constabular’ vel aliquos alios Ballivos n’ros, possent -pertinere, si ipsa amerciamenta prdictis E’po et successorib’s suis -concessa non fuissent; et qd id’m Ep’us et successores sui habeant -potestatem ad distringend. omnes prdictos ad amerciamenta eis reddend.: -prohiben. insuper sup’ forisfacturam n’ram decem librar’ ne quis de -prdict’ amerciament’ colligend. vel recipiend. sine districtione inde -faciend. nisi p’ voluntatem ejusd’m E’pi aut successor’ suor’ se -intromittat. Concessimus etiam eid’m E’po et successorib’s suis, quod -habeant in o’ib’s prdictis terris ten. et feod. omnia illa quæ vocant’ -waif. Concessimus etiam eid’m E’po et successorib’s suis et eisd’m -Priori et Canonicis et eor’ successorib’s omnes prdict’ lib’tates sicut -prdict’ est tam in terr’ ten. feod. et hominib’s adquirend. quam -adquisit. Concessimus insuper eid’m E’po et successorib’s suis quod -licet aliquam lib’tatem p’ nos ipsis concess. processu temporis quocunq’ -casu contingen. usi non fuerint, nihilominus tamen postea utantur -lib’tate ead’m sine aliqua contradicc’one, non obstant’ eo qd aliquo casu -ea usi non fuerint. Omnes autem prdict’ lib’tates et quietancias -concessimus p’ nobis et heredib’s n’ris p’fat. E’po et successorib’s -suis in liberam puram et p’petuam eleemosynam. Quare volumus et firmiter -p’cipimus qd prdict’ E’pus et successores sui, et prdict’ Prior et -Canonici Carleol. et successores sui, et omnes ho’i’es eor’ et terr’ et -feod’ et omnes homines de feod. illis, habeant prdictas lib’tates et -quietancias, fin. et amerciament’, bene et in pace, integre et plenar’, -in o’ib’s rebus et locis imperpetuum, sicut prdictum est. Hiis testibus: -H. Lincoln. J. Bathon. Th. Norwic’ E’pis, Hub. de Burgo comit. Lanc. -justic’ Angl’, Godefro de Craucumbe, Ph’o de Albinas, Hugone -Dispensatore, Raun’ Britone, Waltero de Kirkham, Alex’o de Swerford -archerd. Salop’, Henr’ de Capella, Ric’o fil. Hug’, et al. Dat. p’ man. -R. Cicestr’ E’pi, cancellar’ n’ri, apud Oxon. sexto decimo die Julii anno -regni n’ri quinto decimo. Nos autem concession’ prdict’ ratas h’entes et -gratas, easq. p’ nobis et heredib’s n’ris quantum in nobis est acceptam’, -approbamus, et ratificamus, ac venerabili in Christo patri M. nunc E’po -Carliol. et Priori et Canonicis Eccl’iæ prdictæ et successor’ suis -prdictis concedimus et confirmamus sicut charta prdict’ rationabiliter -testatur, et p’ut iidem E’pus, Prior, et Canonici eis uti debent, ipsiq’ -et p’decessores sui prdict’ lib’tatib’s, franc’es’, et quietanciis illis -à tempore confectionis chartæ prdict’ hactenus rationabiliter uti et -gaudere consueverint. Et ulterius de uberiori gratia n’ra concessimus -eid’m E’po, Priori et Canonicis Eccl’iæ prdictæ, qd ipsi habeant à primo -die Aprilis ultimi preterit’ sibi et successorib’s suis imperpetuum -cattalla felon. et fugitivor’, fellon. de se, dampnator’ et utlagator’, -ex quacunq’ causa et p’ quamcunq’ causam, omnium hominum tenentiu’ suor’, -residentiu’ et non residentiu’, de et in terris et feodis prdictor’ E’pi, -Prioris et Canonicor’, ubicunq’ cattalla illa sint vel fuerint inventa, -sive infra regnum n’rum Angliæ seu alibi infra regiam potestatem n’ram; -et licebit prfato E’po, Priori et Canonicis, et successorib’s suis, et -eor’ ministris, ponere se in seisinam dictor’ catallor’ sic à dicto primo -die Aprilis forisfact’ et ex nunc forisfaciend’, et ead’m catalla ad opus -dictor’ E’pi, Prioris et Canonic’, et successor’ suor’, habere et tenere -sine occasione vel impedimento n’ri vel heredum n’ror’, Vic’, Escaetor’, -aut alior’ Ballivor’ Ministror’ n’ror’ ac heredum n’ror’ quorumcunq’. -His testibus: Venerabilib’s patrib’s, J. Archie’po Cantuar’ totius Angliæ -Primat’, cancellario n’ro, et J. Archie’po Ebor. Angliæ Primat’; W. Sarum -et A. Cicestriæ custod. privati sigilli n’ri, Ep’is; charissimis -consanguineis n’ris Ric’o Ebor’, Joh’e Exon’, et Humfrido Buck’, Ducib’s; -Edmundo Dors’ et Will’o Suff’i camerar’ n’ro Angliæ, Marchionib’s; Ric’o -Sar’ et Henr’ Northombr’ Comitib’s; Joh’e Vicecomit’ Beamont’, Rad’o -Bottiller D’no Sudley, senescallo hospitii n’ri, et Jacobo Fenes D’no de -Say, camerario hospitii n’ri, Militib’s, et aliis. Dat’ p’ manum n’ram -apud Westmr vicessimo tertio die Maii, et p’ bre’de privat. sigillo, et -de dat. &c. et p’ dimid. marca solut’ in hanaperio. Nos autem seperal’ -tenor’ omnium et singulor’ prmissor’ ad requisitionem dilecti subditi -n’ri Thomæ Freestone armigeri duximus exemplificand. p’ p’sentes. In -cujus rei testimonium has l’ras n’ras fieri fecimus patentes. Teste -meipso apud Westm’ vicessimo sexto die Februarii anno regni n’ri sexto -decimo. - - GRIMSTON, Th. - - * * * * * - - _From a Newspaper called_ “_The Newes_,” _May_ 26, 1664. No. 42. - - Advertisement. - - “This is to notify that the Charter of Horncastle in the County of - Lincoln is lately exemplified; and that the first fair for horses - begins seven days before the 11th of June, which is the head fair - day; and the second horse fair begins 8 days before the 10th of - August, being the second head fair day: therefore all persons - concerned may take notice of the same, and that the Toll Books will - be opened to make Entries accordingly.” - - (This Advertisement is repeated in Nos. 44 and 46.) - - - -No. 3. - - -_The Division of Wildmore Fen_, _between the Baronies of Bolingbroke_, -_Horncastle_, _and Scrivelsby_. _From the Fenman’s Vade Mecum_. - -THE Abbot and Covent of Kirkstead have right and Lordship in the Maris -which is called Wildmore, as by their antient and manifest instruments in -writeing doth appeare. And for that their right and l’b’tie may more -planly be known unto the world, it behoveth that the declaring thereof by -antient times and dayes be more manifested and opened. Be it therefore -knowne, that the said Marris Ground called Wildmore is p’tinent and -belonging to three Barronnies, that is to say, Bullingbrooke, Horncastle, -and Scrivelsbie: the said whole Marris Ground in antient time was called -Wildmore, that is to say, in the time of Stephen, late or sometime King -of England; and in the fourth yeare of his raigne was founded the Abby of -Kirkstead, by the progeintors and fowndors of Tattershall; and in the -eight yeare of the raigne of the said King Stephen was founded the Abbey -of Reavesby, by William Romar, Earl of Lincoln, which William did give -the house of Kerxe com’on of pasture in Wildmore, as much as to him and -to the lands he had did appertaine; these things being ended and finished -before the great and generall battells and warres, the said King Stephen -died, after whome succeeded King Henry, who when he retayned in his owne -hands two of the said Barronies, that is to say, Scrivelsby and -Horncastle, he did give unto the said house of Kerxe, the Hermitage of -Wildmore, with a certaine pasture thereunto belonging. And in pr’cesse -of time the said King did give the Barronary of Horncastle unto Gerbald -Skalde, of Flandrs, and the Barronary of Scrivelsby unto Robte Marmyon, a -Norman: theise two Barrons did after give unto the said house of Kirks by -their writings com’on of pasture in Wildmore, on condition they should -suffer no man to com’on with them in the said Wildmore, but only -themselves and theire tennants. Will’m of Romar Earl of Lincoln after -being dead, the gift which he made unto the said house of Kirks, Will’m -of Romar, his nephew and his heir, did by his writeing confirme his said -uncle’s gift unto the said howse. And after him, Ralfe Earle of Chester -did likewise confirme by his deed of gifte. At length contenc’on fell -amongst the said Barrons for the said Wildmore, for that none of them did -know what or how much did appertaine of the said Wildmore to every of -their Barronaries, wheruppon division was made between the Barron of -Bullingbrooke and the Barron of Horncastle and Scrivelsbie, in the said -Marris; that the men of the Barronry of Bullingbrooke might quietly -com’on in their owne feudal com’ons, and the men of Horncastle and -Scrivelsby in theire p’ts, which said division was made in the time of -the said Will’m Romar the elder, in this manner. It is ordained betwene -the Sookes and the assent of their Lords and their tennants, that eight -of the most wisest, discreetest, and antientest of the same Sookes, -should walk and view the same Marris, and make division thereof amongst -the said Sookes, which said eight men were chosen by the assent of the -said Sookes. That is to say, four in the soke of Horncastle and -Scrivelsby, that is to say, Goodricke of Cunningsby, grave of Wildmore -for the space of forty yeares, Brodericke the father of Algar, Gericke, -an ould and reverend man, Recell son of Utenker; and foure of the Sooke -of Bullingbrooke, Walter of Keale, Henry of East Kirkby, Gunford of -Smerhurne, and Hiver of Miningsby. These eight men set downe the stones -and markes in forme as followeth, that is to say, beginning at Fillward -mere, distant a little from mere end, and there setting up a redd marke, -proceeded directly behind Newham, waveing the same on the left hand, from -thence unto Ellmere pitt, and All garr more, and soe directly unto Maple -buske under Sherwood. And whatsoever was in the East part app’teined -unto the Soake of Bollingbrooke, and whatsoever was in the West part -apperteined unto Horncastle and Scrivelsby. All theise were renewed in -the time of Ralfe Earle of Chester. Terebald of Scalde aforesaid, being -dead, succeeded him as Barron of Horncastle. After which succeeded Gered -of Rhodes, a worthy and valiant knight; after him succeeded Ralfe of -Rhodes, Lord of Horncastle, who, contrary to the grants of his ancestors, -did bring in the said Wildmore other mens cattell, whereup’n a plea of -covent was sued against the said Ralfe of Rhodes, by the Abbot and Covent -of Kirkstead, in the court of our souvraigne Lord the King, and a fyne -knowledged by the said Ralfe of Rhodes, wherein was contayned, that the -said Ralfe did give for him and his heires unto the said Abbot and Covent -of Kirkstead all his right and l’b’tie which he claimed to have, or might -have by any manner of meanes in Wildmore. That is to say, in meadowes, -pastures, and feedings, and in all other man’er of proffitts, easmts, -lib’ties, customes, and in all other things, without reteining of any -thing, saveing and reserving to himselfe and his heires, and his men, -pasture in Wildmore, and turbary to be had and taken to their only use -and uses, and not to be given or sold to any others. The same Ralfe hath -alsoe given unto the said howse of Kirkstead all his lordship and right -in Wildmore, as appeareth by his graunt. Furthermore, Robt Marmyon, Lord -of Scrivelsby, being dead, succeeded after him Robte, his sonne. This -Robte, after the death of his father, likewise contrary to the graunt of -his ancestors, did bring into the said Com’on of Wildmore other mens -cattell, whereupon the like plea of covent was sued against the said -Robte, whereunto he did appeare, and did knowledge aff’yne to the said -Abbot and Covent in the same court, the same conteining in effect the -same words before menc’oned: from which time until this p’sent, whereby -the said Abbotts and Covents of Kirkstead, in impoundmts, and all other -lib’ties and customes, have bene Lords of Wildmore, and peaceably and -quietly have enjoyed the same as true Lords thereof, without impedimte of -any man. - - _Harleian MS. No._ 4127. - - - -No. 4. - - - _Horncastle Free School_. - - Tertia Pars Paten’ de anno regni Regine Elizabethe tertio decimo. - -P’ Gub’natorib’s libe’ Scole de Horne Castell de con’ sibi et -successorib’s. - -REGINA om’ib’s ad quos &c. Sal’tem. CUM prdil’c’us et fidelis -consiliarius ac subditus n’r Edwardus Fynes, prnobilis ordinis Gartrij -Miles, D’us Clynton et Saye, ac Magnus Admirallus n’r Anglie, nob’ -humilit’ supplicav’it ut in villa de Hornecastell in com’ n’ro Lincoln’ -unam scolam gram’aticalem ad bonam educac’o’em et instrucc’o’em pueror’ -et juvenu’ ibidem et circa partes vicinas h’itanciu’ et com’oranciu’ in -cognic’o’e bonar’ l’rar’ erigi, fundari, et stabiliri dignaremr: SCIATIS -q’d nos huic pie petic’o’i libent’ annuentes, ex gra’ n’ra sp’iali, c’ta -sciencia et mero motu n’ris, volums, concedims, et ordinams p’ nob’ -hered’s et successorib’s n’ris, q’d de cetro sit et erit una Scola -grammaticalis in villa de Horncastell prd’c’a, que vocabitr Lib’a Scola -Grammaticalis Regine Elizabeth’ in villa sive soca de Hornecastell in -com’ Lincoln’ ex fundac’o’e Edwardi D’ni Clynton et Saye p’ educac’o’e -instituc’o’e et instrucc’o’e pueror’ et juvenu’ in gram’atica p’petuo -tempore duratur’; ac scolam illam de uno Mag’ro seu Pedagogo et uno -Subpedagogo sive Hipodidasculo p’ p’petuo continuatur’ erigims, ordinams, -creams, fundams, et stabilims p’ presentes. ET ut intencio n’ra prd’c’a -meliorem capiat eff’c’m, ac ut trre, ten’, redditus, revrc’o’es, ac alia -hereditamenta ad sustentac’o’em scole prdc’e concedend. assignand. et -appunctuand. melius gub’nentr p’ continuac’o’e ejusdem scole, volums et -ordinams q’d de cetro imp’p’m sint et erunt decem discreti et p’bi -ho’i’es qui vocabuntr Gub’natores possessionu’, revenc’onu’, -hereditamentor’, et bonor’ prd’c’e scole, vulgarit’ vocat’ et vocand’ -Lib’a Scola Grammaticalis Regine Elizabeth’ in villa sive soca de -Hornecastell in com’ Lincoln’ ex fundac’o’e Edwardi D’ni Clynton et Saye. -ET ideo SCIATIS q’d nos elegims, no’i’avims et constituims ac p’ p’sentes -eligims no’i’ams assignam’ et constituims dilc’os nob’ Clementem Monke -cl’icum, Joh’em Smith cl’icum, Joh’em Zacheverell genrosum, Thomam Litlor -genrosum, Georgiu’ Hartgrave genrosum, Thomam Raithbecke yoman’, Joh’em -Neale yoman’, Thomam Hamerton yoman’, Will’m Warde yoman’, et Will’m -Harrison yoman’, fore et esse primos et modernos Custodes et Gub’natores -possessionu’ hereditamentor’ et bonor’ d’c’e lib’e Scole vulgarit’ vocat’ -et vocand’ ibidem Lib’a Schola Gra’maticalis Regine Elizabeth’ in villa -sive soca de Hornecastell in com’ Lincoln’ ex fundac’o’e ejusdem Edwardi -D’ni Clynton et Saye, ad idem officiu’ bene et fidelit’ exrcend. et -occupand. à dat. prsenciu’ duran’ vit’ eor’ et eor’ diucius viven’. Et -q’d ijdem Gub’natores in re f’c’o et no’i’e de cetrro sint et erunt unu’ -corpus corporat’ et politiquu’ de se imp’p’m p’ nomen Gub’nator’ -possessionu’ revenc’onu’ et bonor’ lib’e Scole gram’aticalis Regine -Elizabeth’ in villa sive soca de Hornecastell ex fundac’o’e Edwardi D’ni -Clynton et Saye incorporat’ et erect’; ac ip’os Gub’natores possessionu’, -revenc’onu’, et bonor’ lib’e Scole gram’aticalis Regine Elizabeth’ in -villa sive soca de Horncastell in com. Lincoln, ex fundac’o’e Edwardi -D’ni Clynton et Saye, p’ prsentes incorporams, ac corpus corporatum et -politicum p’ idem nomen duratur’ realit’ et ad plenu’ creams, erigims, -ordinams, facims, et constituims p’ prsentes. ET volums ac p’ p’sentes -ordinam’ et concedim’ q’d ijdem Gub’natores trar’, possessionu’, -revencionu’, et bonor’ libe’ Scole Gram’atical’ Regine Elizabeth’ in -villa sive soca de Hornecastell in com’ Lincoln’ h’eant successionem -p’petuam, ac p’ idem nomen sint et erunt parsone habiles et in lege -capaces ad p’quirend. recipiend. capiend. et possidend. d’nia, maner’, -trras, ten’, redditus, revenc’o’es, decimas, possessiones, revrc’o’es et -hereditament’ quecumq’, cujuscumq’ sint genris, nature, seu spe’i, sibi -et successorib’s suis in feod’ et p’petuitate, necnon ad dand. concedend. -dimittend. et assignand. easdem trras, ten’, hereditamenta, ac om’ia et -singula alia fact’ et res faciend. et exequend’ p’ nomen prd’c’m. Et q’d -p’ nomen Gub’nator’ possessionu’, revencionu’, et bonor’ libe’ Scole -gra’maticalis Regine Elizabeth’ in villa sive soca de Hornecastell in -com’ Lincoln’ ex fundac’o’e Edwardi D’ni Clynton et Saye, pl’itare et -impl’itari, respondere et responderi, defendere et defendi valeant et -possint in quibuscumq’ cur’, placeis, et locis, ac coram quibuscumq’ -judicib’s et justiciar’ ac alijs p’sonis et officiar’ n’ris vel aliquor’ -alior’ quor’cumq’, in om’ib’s et singulis accio’ib’s, sectis, querelis, -causis, matriis, et demand. quibuscumq’, cujuscumq’ sint gen’is, nature, -seu sp’iei, eisdem modo et forma p’ut alii ligei n’ri hujus regni n’ri -Anglie parsone habiles et in lege capaces pl’itare et impl’itari, -respondere et responderi, defendere et defendi, ac h’ere, p’quirere, -recip’e, possidere, dare, concedere, et dimittere valeant et possint. Et -q’d p’d’c’i Gub’natores et successores sui de cet’o imp’p’m h’eant co’e -Sigillum p’ causis et negocijs suis quibuscumq’ ac successor’ suor’ -agend. s’vitur’. ET ultrius concedims, ordinams, et decrevim’ p’ -p’sentes q’d quandocunq’ contigrit aliquem vel aliquos d’c’or’ decern -Gub’nator’ p’ tempore existen’ mori, q’d tunc et tociens bene liceat et -licebit alijs dict’ Gub’natorib’s sup’vivent’ vel majori parti eor’dem -adtunc infra d’c’am villam sive socam de Hornecastell com’oran’ et -inh’itan’, aliam idoneam p’sonam vel alias idoneas p’sonas in locum vel -locos sic morien’ vel morien’ in d’c’o officio Gub’nator’ successur’ -elig’e et no’i’are. Et hoc totiens casus sic accident. ET ult’ius de -ub’iori gr’a n’ra ac ex c’ta sciencia et mero motu n’ris dedim’ et -concedim’, ac p’ p’sentes p’ nob’ hered. et successorib’s n’ris dam’ et -concedim’, p’fatis modernis Gub’natorib’s et successorib’s suis ac majori -parti eor’dem, plenam potestatem et auctoritatem no’i’andi et -appunctuandi Pedagogum et Subpedagogum Scole p’d’c’e tociens quociens -eadem Scola de Pedagogo vel Subpedagogo vacua fu’it. Et q’d ip’i -Gub’natores p’ tempore existen’ de tempore in tempus faciant et fac’e -valeant et possint idonea et salubr’ Statuta et Ordinac’o’es in scriptis -conc’nen’ et tangen’ p’servac’o’em et disposic’o’em reddit’ et revenc’ ad -sustentac’o’em ejusdem Scole appunctuand. tangen’ et conc’nen’. Que -quidem Statuta et Ordinac’o’es sic fiend, volum’, concedim’, et p’ -p’sentes p’cipim’ inviolabilit’ observari de tempore in tempus imp’p’m. -ET ult’ius SCIATIS q’d nos in considerac’o’e q’d d’c’i Gub’natores d’c’e -lib’e Scole grammaticalis Regine Elizabeth’ in villa sive soca de -Hornecastell in com’ Lincoln’ ex fundac’o’e p’d’c’i Edwardi D’ni Clynton -et Saye et successores sui on’a ejusdem Scole ac Pedagogi et Subpedagogi -inde de tempore in tempus melius sustineant et supportent, de gr’a n’ra -sp’ali ac ex c’ta sciencia et mero motu n’ris dedim’ et concessim’ ac p’ -p’sentes dam’ et concedim’ p’fatis modernis Gub’natorib’s possessionu’ -revenc’onu’ et bonor’ d’c’e lib’e Scole Gra’maticalis Regine Elizabeth’ -in villa sive soca de Hornecastell in com’ Lincoln’ et successorib’s -suis, licenciam sp’alem, lib’amq’ et licitam facultatem, potestatem, et -auctoritatem h’end. recipiend. et p’quirend. eis et e’or successorib’s -imp’p’m, tam de nob’ hered’ et successorib’s n’ris q’m de alijs -quibuscumq’ p’sonis et alia p’sona quacumq’ man’ia, mesuag’, t’ras, ten’, -r’c’orias, decimas ac alia hereditamenta quecumq’ infra regnum Anglie seu -alibi infra d’nac’o’es n’ras, que non tenent’ de nob’ im’ediate in capite -vel alit’ p’ s’viciu’ militare, du’modo non excedant clar’ annuu’ valorem -quadraginta librar’, p’fatis Gub’natorib’s et successorib’s suis ut -p’fert’ p’ nos in forma p’d’c’a concess’, statuto de t’ris et ten’ ad -manu’ mortuam non ponend. aut aliquo statuto, actu, ordinac’o’e, seu -p’visione, aut aliqua alia re, causa, vel mat’ia quacumq’ in contrariu’ -inde antehac h’it’, edit’, ordinat’, seu p’vis’ in aliquo non obstan’. -Et volum’ et p’ p’sentes concedim’ p’fatis modernis Gub’natorib’s q’d -h’eant et h’ebunt has l’ras n’ras patentes &c. absq’ fine seu feodo in -hanap’io &c. IN CUJUS rei &c. T. R. apud Westm’ xxvº die Junii. - - P’ Br’e de privato Sigillo. - - * * * * * - - * * * * * - - PRINTED BY WEIR AND SON, HORNCASTLE. - - - - -FOOTNOTES. - - -{4a} Taciti Breviarum Vitæ Cn. Julii Agricola. sec. xx et xxi. - -{4b} Itinerarium Curiosum, p. 28. - -{5} The Roman road from Lincoln to Horncastle did not vary materially -from the present road between these places. Another Roman way branched -from this road at the distance of about four miles from Horncastle, -leading nearly in a straight line to Caistor, and from thence to the -Humber: it bears the name of the _High Street_, and several tumuli are to -be seen on its sides. - -{6} Leland’s Collectanea, tom 1. part 2. p. 509. - -{7a} See Appendix, No. 1. - -{7b} Adelias de Cundi was the daughter and heiress of William de Cheney, -Lord of Cavenby and Glentham in the county of Lincoln, at the time of the -conquest. By her husband, Roger de Cundi, whom she survived, she had a -daughter and heiress Agnes, afterwards married to Walter, son of Walter -de Clifford, of Clifford Castle, in the county of Hereford. Dugdale, -vol. ii. p. 336. Monast. Ang. vol. ii. p. 646. a. n. 50. - -{7c} Dugdale’s Baronage, p. 39. - -{8a} Hund. Rot. 19. Hornc. Wap. - -{8b} On the eastern boundary of the parish is a place called _Hangman’s -Corner_, where those convicted of capital offences, in the court of this -manor, were executed. - -{8c} Cart. Rot. 14 et 15. H. III. - -{9a} Hund. Rot. ut antea. - -{9b} Mag. Rot. 17 H. III. Madox. collect. - -{9c} Cart. Rot. 18 Ed. 1. m. 39. - -{9d} Cart. Rot. 12. Ed. 2. no. 17. - -{9e} Pat. 14 Ric. II. pars 1. m. 3. - -{9f} The house where the bishops used to reside, a spacious structure, -but destitute of architectural merit, was situated at the north-west -corner of the ancient fortress. It was demolished about the year 1770, -when the present manor house was erected on its scite. - -{10a} All these grants were again acknowledged, and the privileges -further extended in the sixteenth year of the reign of Charles the -second. See Appendix, No. 2. - -{10b} Parliamentary Survey, made in the years 1647 and 1648. - -{10c} Robert Aldrich was born at Burnham in Buckinghamshire, educated at -Eton, and elected a scholar of King’s college, Cambridge, in 1507, where -he took the degree of M.A. afterwards became proctor of the university, -schoolmaster of Eton, fellow of the college, and at length provost. In -1523 he was one of those who were sent out by the university of Cambridge -to preach in different parts of the nation, as the judges now go their -circuits. In 1529 he retired to Oxford, where he was incorporated B.D. -About the same time he was made archdeacon of Colchester. In 1534 he was -installed canon of Windsor, and the same year he was appointed register -of the most noble order of the garter. July 18, 1537, he was consecrated -bishop of Carlisle. He was a correspondent of Erasmus, who termed him -when young, “blandæ eloquentiæ juvenis,” and appears to have associated -with him during his residence at Cambridge. Leland was his familiar -acquaintance, and gives him a high character for parts and learning. He -was the author of a volume of epigrams, and several theological -treatises. - -{10d} Memoirs of Sir Henry Fynes Clinton, Annual Register 1772, -Characters, p. 2. - -{11} See Appendix, No. 3. - -{13} Clarendon, Rapin, and Hume. - -{14a} Ludlow’s Memoirs. - -{14b} Vicars’s Parliamentary Chronicle. - -{14c} Colonel Russel’s. - -{17} Vicars’s Parliamentary Chronicle. - -{18} Vicars’s Parliamentary Chronicle. - -{19a} Intercepted letter from Sir William Widdrington. Rushworth’s -Collections, 8vo. edit. vol. v. 78. - -{19b} Ibid. - -{19c} Vicars’s Parliamentary Chronicle. - -{20a} Vicars’s Parliamentary Chronicle. - -{20b} Some say this was a Captain Portington, who afterwards told -Cromwell that he aimed at his nose, when he hit his horse on the head. -Life of Cromwell. See also Ludlow, Vicars, and Hume. - -{21a} The road adjoining to Winceby field bears the name of _Slash -Lane_, where it is traditionally related great numbers of the royal army -were slaughtered, owing to their retreat being obstructed by a closed -gate. - -{21b} Vicars’s Parliamentary Chronicle. - -{22a} Vicars’s Parliamentary Chronicle. - -{22b} Ibid. - -{23a} This anecdote the author has repeatedly heard from the several of -the old inhabitants of the town. - -{23b} October 11, 1643. - -{23c} It is said accompanied by Sir William Widdrington. Rapin. - -{25} Dr. Stukeley has incorrectly described this fortress as a complete -parallelogram: Gough, too has erroneously stated it to have enclosed -twenty acres. The track of the wall will be found on the modern plan of -the town. - -{26} The Roman youth were first instructed in the game of Troy Town by -Ascanius, called also Julus, the son of Æneas, and from him the maze in -which it was performed took the name of Julian Bower. A very animated -description of this game is given by Virgil in the fifth book of his -Æneid. See also Stukeley’s Itinerarium Curiosum, p. 91. - -{29a} “Ecclesia de Horne Caster, & de Askeby, & de superiore Toynton, & -de Mering, et de Hinderby sunt de donacoe d’ni Regis, & Osbertus Persona -tenet eas de dono Regis Ricardi.” Testa de Nevill. - -{29b} See the note in page 31. - -{30a} This shield is merely painted in a cavity where a brass has been -fixed. - -{30b} In the Harleian collection of manuscripts, in the British Museum, -is a volume of Lincolnshire Church Notes, taken about the year 1640, by -Mr. Gervase Holles, a native of Great Grimsby, and a representative of -that place in several parliaments. Beside noticing the above monument -and epitaph, it contains the following account of arms and inscriptions -at that time in this church, not a vestige of which is now remaining. - - _In Fenestra Insulæ borealis_. - -Orate pro a’ia Thomæ Coppuldike Armig. & D’næ Margaretæ Consortis suæ -fundatoris Gildæ Cantar . . . Fenestram fieri fecit Ano Dni. 1526. - - _In superiori Fenestra boreali Cancelli_. -G a Lyon passant guardant Arg. -Sa. 3 Flowres de lize betw: 6 Crosses botony fitchy -Arg. -G. a Crosse sarcely Arg. Beke. - _In Fenestra Orientali Insulæ Australis_. - -Orate pro benefactoribus artis sutorum, qui istam Fenestram fieri -fecerunt sc’æ Nenianæ cum sera & catena. Item sc’i Crispinus & -Crispinianus cum instrumentis Calceariis. - _Fenestræ borealis superius_. -Empaled. Sa. 2 lyons passant arg. crowned or Dymoke -Empaled. Or a lyon ramp double queue sa Welles. -Empaled. Quarterly. Arg. a chevron betw. 3 bulles Tourney. -passant sa -Empaled. Quarterly. B. a fesse betw. 3 goates heads -erased arg. -Empaled. Quarterly. Argent a chevron gobony sa. - -Empaled. Quarterly. Arg. on a bend G. 3 roses arg. -Quarterly. Arg. a chevron betw. 3 griphons heades Tilney. -erased G. -Quarterly. Arg. 3 bars G, over all a bend engrayled Ros. -sa -Quarterly. Quarterly or and G. a border sa. bezanty Rochford. -Quarterly. Arg. 3 crosses botony fitchy B. semy of -flowres de lize -Quarterly Ermine and chequy or and G. Gipthorpe. -Arg. a chevron betw. 3. roses G. -Taylboys, &c. - _Fenestra Australis superior_. -G. a fesse betw. 3 waterbougets ermine Meres. -Empaled. Marchants Marke - -Empaled. Arg. on a bend G. 3 ferniers of the first - -Hic jacet Francisca filia primogenita Petri Frescheville de Staveley in -Com. Derb. Arm. [ex priore uxore sua Elizabetha filia Gervasii Clifton de -Clifton in Com. Nott. Militis] et quondam Uxor Gervasii Holles de Burgh -in Com. Lincoln. Militis, cui peperit Freschevillum Holles, & Margaretam -gemellos, & Franciscum Holles filium juniorem. Obijt Horncastell. - - Harleian MS. No. 6829, p. 241. - -{32} It is observable that Cromwell is here stiled the arch-rebel, -although at the time mentioned he was only a colonel, and by no means an -illustrious individual in the war. The date given to the battle is -wrong, it having been fought on the 11th of October; and the signal -defeat of the royalists is diminished in its importance, by stiling the -conflict a skirmish. - -{35} See Appendix, No. 4. - -{37} The same Act also empowered the commissioners of the river Witham, -in conjunction with the Horncastle and Sleaford Navigation Companies, to -complete the navigable communication between the Witham and the Fosdike -canal through the High Bridge at Lincoln. - -{39} “Horne Castelle, as far as I can lerne, is now most builded withyn -the Circuite of an old waullid Toune, or sum hughe Castel, as apperith -from divers Ruines of a Waulle. It hath one faire Paroche Chirch. -Alluitur Bano et Verino qui paulo infra op Banum. Dr. Thybleby of the -Queen’s College hath Landes aboute the olde Walles of Horne Castelle. -Warig risith of divers springis aliquot passuum millibus ab oppido. Pons -ibidem super Verinum flu. The market is very good and quick occupiers in -the town.” Leland’s Itinerary, vol. 7. p. 51. - -{41} William Banks, Esq. father of the present lessee. - -{43} See Appendix, No. 1. - -{44a} Mr. Holles, in the Church Notes before quoted, mentions the -following inscription at this place, which now no longer exists: - - _On a Gravestone_. - - “Hic jacet Gulielmus Brackenburgh, & Emmotta uxor ejus, qui quidem - Gulielmus obiit 6 die Januarii An’o D’ni 1476 quorum a’iabus - p’pitietur Deus Amen. - - “The pictures of themselves upon the stone, & of ten children, all in - brasse.” - - Harleian MS. No. 6829, p. 177. - -{44b} Mr. Holles notices the following arms and inscriptions on the -bells, in this church, the first of which are now gone, the latter still -remaining: - - _Fenes. boreal. Cancelli_. - - Sa. a crosse betw. 4 cinquefoyles arg - - _Campane_. - - [1] Sit nomen Domini benedictum. - - [2] Intonat e cœlis vox campana Michaelis. - - [3] Sum rosa pulsata mundi Maria vocata. - - Ibid. p. 342. - -{46} Mr. Holles notices the following arms once in this church, but now -gone: - - _Fenestra australes Cancelli_. -G. 3 lyons passant gardant or England. -Verry a fesse G. fretty or Marmyon. -Argent a plaine crosse B. -Or a lyon rampant purpure Lacy. -Chequy or & G. a chiefe ermyne Tateshale. - _In Campanili_. -Arg. a sword sheathed proper, a buckler appt. with -girdle wrapped, hilte pomel, & neuf or - - Harleian MS. No. 6829. p. 244. - -{47} In the windows were the following arms when this church was visited -by Mr. Holles: - - _In Fenestris Cancelli_. - -Verry a fesse G. fretty d’or Marmion. -G. a crosse sarcely arg. Beke. -Sa. 2 lyons passant arg. crowned or Dymoke. -Or a lyon rampant double queue sa. Welles. -Sa. 3 flowres de lize betw. 6 crosse crosselets -fitchy arg. -G. 3 bars ermyne Kirketon. -Barry of 6 or and sa. - _Fenestræ boreales_. -B. a lyons head erased betw. 6 crosses botony arg. Touthby. -Arg. 2 bars G. a border sa. -Dymoke each lyon charg’d sur l’espale with an Dymoke. -annulet -Ermyne on a bend G. a cinquefoil or -G. crosse crucilly fitchy a lyon rampant arg. La Warre. -Or a lyon rampant double queue sa. Welles. - _Fenestræ australes_. -G. 3 waterbougets arg. Ros. -Or on fesse G. 3 plates Huntingfield. -Quarterly or & G. a border sa. bezanty Rochfort. -Rochfort with a garbe in the 2d quarter arg. Rochfort. -Rochfort with an annulet in the 2d quarter arg. Rochfort. -Or a manche G. Hastings. -G. a bend ermyne Ry. -Rochfort with an eagle displayed in the 2d quarter Rochford. -arg -Arg. fretty of 6 pieces G. a canton ermyne - _In Fenestra borealis Navis_. -G. crosse crucilly fitchy a lyon rampant arg La Warre. -Arg. on a bend G. 3 gryphons heads erased or - _In Campanili_. - - Joh’es Staines W. Jo. - - Harleian MS. No. 6829, p. 245. - -{49} The following arms and inscriptions, now gone, are noticed by Mr. -Holles, as being in this church when visited by him: - - _In Fenestra Australi_. -Empaled. Arg. a crosse sa. -Empaled. Arg. on a crosse G. a bezant -Empaled. Arg. a crosse sa. -Empaled. Quarterly arg. and G. on the 1st & 4th -quarters a popinjay vert. membred and beked G, - _In Fenestra Occidental_, _ex sinistra Campanilis_. -Orate pro a’ia Joh’is Tott, Agnet, & Helene uxorum ejus, & -specialiter pro Andrea Tott Artium Baccalaureo, qui istam Fenestram -lapidari, nec non vitreari fecit. - _Sup Fulchrum ex p’te Australi_. -Quarterly Ufford & Beke Willughby. -3 Crosses portate -2 Chevrons betw. 3 roses -A crosse -A lyon passant -Domus mea domus Orationis vocabitur. 1591. - - Harleian MS. No. 6829. p. 218. - -{50} By the following extract it appears that in the time of Mr. Holles, -the windows of this church abounded with stained glass, of which not a -single vestige is now remaining. - - _In Fenestris Orientali Cancelli_. -Quarterly. Verry a fesse G. fretty d’or Marmyon. -Quarterly. Sa. 2 lyons passant arg. crowned Dymoke. -d’or -Empaled. G. a frett of 8 pieces d’or -Empaled. B. 3 garbes d’or -G. a lyon rampant d’or -Sa. a sword in pale arg. -Sa. 2 lyons passants arg. crowned d’or Dimoke. -Arg. 3 flowres de lize betw: 6 crosse Hillary. -crosselets fitchy sa. a border G. -Arg. a playne crosse G. -G. a playne crosse arg. - _Tumulus lapidus_. - -Hic jacet Anna fillia Thomæ Dymoke Militis D’ni . . . et Margaretis -consortis suæ quæ obiit Ao. D’ni 1462 &c. &c. -Empaled. Verry a fesse G. fretty d’or Marmion. -Empaled. Or a lyon rampant double queue sa. Welles. - _In muro boreali eræ sculptum_. - - Orate pro a’ia M’ri. Joh’is de Croxby, quondam Rectoris istius - ecclesiæ, qui dedit annualem redditum xx_s._ annuatim impetuum, - et in secunda feria primæ hebdommadæ quadragessimæ habitantibus - in Conningsby sc’am formam evidentiæ suæ distribuendorum. - - This charity hath ceased for many yeares, the evidence having - been sacrilegiously stolne out of that monument within the wall, - as by the loosening of the plate of brasse may appeare. - _In Fenestra Occidentali Capellæ Orientalis_. - - Orate pro a’iabus . . . Hatcliffe . . . Uxis suæ . . . Fenestram. -Sa. 3 welles arg. bis Wellis. -Empaled. Sa. 3 welles arg. Wellis. -Empaled. B. 2 bars d’or over all a lyon Hatcliffe. -rampant G. -Sa a. sword in pale arg. -Arg. a fesse daunce betw. 3 talbots heads -erased sa. -Arg. a fesse betw. 3 cootes sa -B. 2 bars d’or over all a lyon rampant G. Hattecliffe. -Orate pro bono statu H. Wellis notoria Hatcliffe uxoris suæ -publici et sequelis eorum . . . hanc -fenestram fieri fecerunt A’no D’ni 1460. - _In superioribus Fenestris Borealibus_. -G. a cinquefoil peirced betw. 8 crosse Umframville -crosselets d’or -Quarterly. Sa. a cross Ufford. Willughby. -engrayled d’or -Quarterly. G. a crosse sarcely Beke Willughby. -arg. -G. 3 waterbougets arg. Ros. -Or a lyon rampant double queue sa. Welles. -Arg. a crosse patonce G. -Arg. a chiefe G. over all a bend engrayled B. -Chequy or & G. a chiefe ermyne Tateshale. -Ermyne a fesse G. Bernake. -Arg. a chiefe G. over all a bend B. Crumwell. -Sa. 2 lyons passant arg. crowned or Dymoke. -Or on fesse G. 3 plates Huntingfield. -Quarterly or & G. a border sa. bezanty Rochford. -G. a crosse molyn arg. Beke. -Quarterly or & G. a border sa. bezanty on the Rochford. -2d quarter a garbe arg. -Quarterly &c. an annulet on the 2d quarter Rochford. -B. crucilly a lyon rampant arg. bis -Argent 3 shell snayles sa. -Dymoke Crumwell Holland -Quarterly France & England a label of 3 arg. -Quarterly France & England a label of 3 -ermyne - - _In Fenestra Orientali_. - -Orate pro a’iabus fratrum, & sororum Gildæ be’æ Mariæ de Cuningsby, qui -istam fenestram fieri fecerunt. - -This is a fayre Window, adorned with the Genealogy of the Kinges of -Israel and Judah, David lying along through the whole bottome, from whose -roote branch out the several stems. In one part of it below the Picture -of King Edward the first, crowned, &c. &c. - - Edwardus primus regnavit annos - -Orate pro Matilda de Padeholme, et Alicia - - _On a Gravestone_. - -Hic jacet D’nus Thomas Butler, quondam Capellanus Gilde beæ Mariæ -Cunningsby, qui obiit 10 die Mensis Decembris, A’no D’ni 1510. Cujus aiæ -&c. &c. - - _On another_. - -Pray for the Soule of John Smith of Cunsby sometimes M’chant of the -Staple of Calis, which died in the yeare of our Lord God 1470, & Jonet -his Wife which died the 24th Day of November in the yeare of our Lord God -1461. - -And all good people that this Scripture reade or see - -For theire soules say a Paternoster, Ave-Maria, & a creed for Charity. - -On another the pourtraytures of a man and his two wives on either side of -him in brasse with this inscription vizt. - -Pray for the soules of Richard Whetecroft of Coningsby M’chant of the -Staple at Calice & sometimes Lieutenant of the same, & Jane & Margaret -his Wives, which Richard deceased the 23d day of November, Ao. D’ni 1524. - - _In the Parlour of the Parsonage House_. -Arg. a crosse engrailed G. betw. 4 waterbougets sa. Bourchier. -Quarterly & Quartered with Quarterly. Gules billetty Lovayne. -d’or a fesse arg. -Quarterly & Quartered with Quarterly. Crumwell and -Tateshale -B. a manche d’or -Empaled. Sa. 3 lyons passant guardant arg. Dymoke. -Empaled. Sa. 2 lyons passant arg. crowned d’or -Empaled. Dymoke -Empaled. Marmyon -Verry a fesse G. Marmyon. -Or a lyon rampant double queue sa. Welles. -Empaled. A coate defaced -Empaled. Welles -Empaled. Verry a fesse G. -Empaled. B. a manche d’or - -All these Escocheons are in 2 Windowes, in which two Windowes also are -these Verses: - - Alme Deus cœli Croxby tu parce Johanni - Hanc ædem fieri benefecit sponte Jo. Croxby - Anno Milleno quater. c. L. x. quoq. terno. - - _In the other Windowes_. -Barry of 6 ermyne & G. 3 crescents sa. Waterton. -Quarterly Ufford & Beke Willughby. -Verry a fesse G. Marmyon. -Ermyne 5 fusils in fesse G. Hebden. -Arg. a crosse sarcely sa. -Empaled. Quarterly Crumwell & Tateshale Crumwell. -Empaled. B. a fesse betw. 6 billets d’or Deyncourt. -Empaled. Dymoke -Empaled. Welles -Sa. an arming sworde pile in poynte arg. -Empaled. Arg. 3 bulls passant -Empaled. G. on a chevron arg. 3 pomeis -Empaled. Arg. a fesse daunce betw. 3 talbots heades -erased sa. -Empaled. Arg. a fesse betw. 3 cootes sa. - - Harleian MS. No. 6829. p. 179 to 182. - -{54} Harleian MS. No. 618. Parliamentary Returns. - -{55} “In Badeburg h’b. h’b. Vlf XII car. t’ræ ad g’ld. T’ra x car. -Ibi h’t Gislebt v car. et XXI vill. et VI bord. et XX soch. et XVI bord. -eor. Int. om’s VI car, et I molin. VIII solid CXL ac’s silvæ pastil. T R -E. val. X lib. † mº. XII lib. Tallia in lib. De hoe t’ra VI car. in -Soca.” Domesday, folio 354. - -{56a} Burton’s Monast. Ebor. p. 215. - -{56b} The following arms and inscription, now gone, were in this church -when it was visited by Mr. Holles. - - _In Fenestra_. -Arg. a plaine crosse G. -G. a fesse betw. 6 cosselets botony fitchy arg. charged -with as many mullets or pierced G. -Sa. a bend betw. 6 mullets or pierced G. Briton. - _In the Church on a flat marble stone in Saxon Characters_. - -ICI : GIST : MARGARETA : DE : LACI : QE : FVLA : FEME : GWILLEAMA : -DE : MOVSTE - - Harleian MS. No. 6829, p. 177. - -{57} See Appendix, No. 1. - -{58a} Escheat Rolls. - -{58b} Cook C. Herald, MS. - -{58c} From the information of E. Turnor, Esq. F.S.A. - -{60a} Lodge’s Illustrations, vol. ii. 191. - -{60b} The windows were formerly embellished with the following heraldic -bearings in stained glass, of which no vestiges are now existing. - - _In Boreali Fenestra Chori_. -Arg. 3 chaplets with roses gules Lascels. -G. 3 mascels argent -G. 4 fusils in fesse arg. a border engrailed or Nevill. - - Harleian MS. No. 6829. p. 140. - -{62} See Appendix, No. 1. - -{63a} For a description of the ceremony performed by the king’s champion -at coronations, see “Sandford’s History of the Coronation of James the -second;” also “Banks’s History of the Family of Marmyun.” - -{63b} In the forty-second and forty-third years of Henry the third, -Philip Marmyon had grants of a market, fair, and free warren, at his -manor of Scrivelsby. In the ninth year of Edward the first, he showed -that he had those rights, and that of gallows at Scrivelsby, with the -other privileges incident to one of the great barons of the realm; and -also right of free warren in the soke of Horncastle. - -{64} In this inscription Sir Robert Dymoke is, by mistake of the -sculptor, styled _knight and baronet_, instead of _knight banneret_. - -{69} “Vir illustris in consilio, strenuus in prælio, princeps militæ in -Angliæ, et in omni regno ornatissimus.” Wever’s Fun. Mem. p. 366. - -{71} The MS. vol. of Church notes, so often before quoted, contains the -following description of this castle:— - - “The castle of Bullingbrooke was built by William de Romara Earle of - Lincolne, and ennobled by the birth of King Henry the 4th, who from - thence took his sirname. Heretofore it was a famous structure, but - now gone much to ruine and decay. - - “The towne standes in a bottome, and the castell in the lowest part - of it, compassed about with a large moat fed by springs. It is most - accessible on the south-west part, the rest being encompassed by the - hills. - - “As for the frame of the building, it lieth in a square, the area - within the walls conteyning about an acre and a half, the building is - very uniforme. - - “It hath 4 stronge forts or ramparts, wherein are many roomes, and - lodgings: the passage from one to another lying upon the walles, - which are embattled about. There be likewise 2 watch-towers all - covered with lead. If all the roomes in it were repayred, and - furnished [as it seemes in former tymes they have bin] it were - capable to receyve a very great prince with all his trayne. - - “The entrance into it is very stately over a faire draw-bridge. The - gatehouse a very uniforme, and strong building. Next within the - porter’s lodge is a payre of low stayres, which goe downe into a - dungeon, in which some reliques are yet to be seene of a - prison-house. Other 2 prisons more are on either side. - - “The building itselfe is of a sandy stone hewen of a great square out - of the rockes thereby, which though it abide the weather longe, yet - [in processe of tyme] it will moulder, especially if wett gett within - it, which hath bin the decay of many places of the wall where the - roofe is uncovered. - - “There be certaine roomes within the castle, [built by Queen - Elizabeth of freestone] amongst which is a fayre great chamber with - other lodgings. - - “In a roome in one of the towers of the castle they usually kept - their auditt once by the yeare for the whole Dutchy of Lancaster, - having ever bin the prime seate thereof, where all the recordes for - the whole countrey are kept. - - “The constable of the castle is Sir William Mounson Lord Castlemayne, - who receaveth a revenue out of the Dutchy lands of £500. per annum, - in part of payment of £1000. yearely given by the king to the - Countesse of Nottingham his lady. - - “One thinge is not to be passed by affirmed as a certaine trueth by - many of the inhabitants of the towne upon their owne knowledge, which - is, that the castle is haunted by a certain spirit in the likenesse - of a hare; which att the meeting of the auditors doeth usually runne - betweene their legs, and sometymes overthrows them, and soe passes - away. They have pursued it downe into the castleyard, and seene it - take in att a grate into a low cellar, and have followed it thither - with a light, where notwithstanding that they did most narrowly - observe it [and that there was noe other passage out, but by the - doore, or windowe, the roome being all close framed of stones within, - not having the least chinke or crevice] yet they could never finde - it. And att other tymes it hath been seene run in at iron-grates - below into other of the grotto’s [as their be many of them] and they - have watched the place, and sent for houndes, and put in after it; - but after a while they have come crying out.” - - Harleian MS. No. 6829, p. 162. - -{73} The following arms and inscriptions were in the windows of this -church when it was visited by Mr. Holles. - - _In Fenestra Orientali Cancelli_. -G. 3 lyons passants gardants d’or a labell of Comes Lancastr. -3 each charged with 3 floures de lize of the -second -Empaled. Castile, and Leon quarterly. A -label of 3 arg. each charged with 2 de lizes -sa. -Empaled. France, and England quarterly. A -label of 3 arg. each charged with 2 de lizes -sa. -Or a lyon rampant purpure Lacy. -B. 2 garbes d’or Meschines. Com. - Cestr. -Quarterly. Sa. a crosse Ufford -engrayled d’or -Quarterly. G. a crosse molyn Beke Willughby. -arg. -Argent a fesse G between 3 bugles trippant -sa. - _In Fenestra Orientali ad dextram Navis_. -B. 6. lyoncels rampant d’or. 3. 2. 1 Longespee. -Lancaster. - -England, and France quarterly. - -Lacy. - -G. 3 lyons passants arg. a labell of 3 d’or, -each charged with a lyon rampant purpure - _In_ 1_ma_ _Fenestra australi_. -B. 3. garbes d’or Meschines. -Chequy d’or & B a bend G. Clifford. -Quarterly arg. & G. the 2d & 3d charg’d with Spenser. -a frette d’or over all a bend sa. -Femina gestans in veste sex leones aureos Longespee. -erectos una cum leone purpure conjunctos - Lacy. - _In_ 2_da_ _Fenestra australi_. -G. a fesse verry betw: 3 leopards heads Cantilupe. -jesant floures de lize d’or -G. a crosse molyn arg. Beke. -B. a fesse daunce betw: 10 billets d’or Deyncourt. - _In Campanili_. -Quarterly France, and England -Quarterly or, & G. a border sa. bezanty Rochford. -Or, a chevron betw: 10 crosses botony sa. Slight. -Orate pro bono statu . . . Ducis Aurelie. Ad hoc Campanile . . . Ao. -r. r. Hen -Quarterly. Arg. a chevron betw: 3 martlets -sa. -Quarterly. Chequy or & G. on a chiefe arg. a -lyon passant sa. - - Harleian MS. No. 6829. p. 163. - -{74} “In Bolinbroc h’b Stori II car. t’ræ ad g’ld. T’ra II car. In -soca I car. de hac t’ra. Ibi h’t Iuo modo II car. et XII vill. et VIII -bord. et XII soch. cu. III car. Ibi æccla et mercatu. novu. et III -molini X solidos et LXX ac. p’ti. T R E. val. XXX lib. mº. XL. lib. -Tailla q’ter XX lib. cu. omnib’s adjacentib’s.” Domesday folio, 351. - -{76} See the Charter in Dugdale’s Monasticon, vol. i. p. 822. - -{79} Stukeley’s Itinerarium Curiosum, p. 28. - -{81} Dr. John Taylor of Norwich was one of the earliest ministers -appointed by Mr. Disney. He held his appointment from about 1715, for 18 -years, and at this place composed his justly valued “Hebrew Concordance,” -in two vols. folio. - -{86a} Itinerarium, p. 162. - -{86b} Gough, and others who have copied from him, erroneously state this -tower to be two hundred feet in height. - -{90} The principal part of the stained glass taken from this church was -placed by the Earl of Exeter in the church of St. Martin, Stamford Baron, -with some other richly stained glass, procured from the churches of Snape -in Yorkshire, and Barnack in Northamptonshire. - -{91a} Joan Lady Cromwell was one of the daughters of Sir Richard -Stanhope, and niece and co-heiress of the Lord Treasurer Cromwell. She -married Humphry Bourchier, third Son of the Earl of Essex, who was -created Lord Cromwell, in the first year of Edward the fourth. - -{91b} Matilda Lady Willoughby was the other daughter of Sir Richard -Stanhope, and niece and co-heiress of the Lord Treasurer Cromwell. - -{92a} Gough in his “Sepulchral Monuments,” vol. ii. gives a description -of the arms contained in these shields, as well as in those which were -attached to the figures of the Lord Treasurer and his wife. His -description however differs widely from that given by Mr. Holles in his -MS. vol. of Lincolnshire Church Notes. - -{92b} Sepulchral Monuments, vol. ii. p. 179. - -{92c} The MS. volume of Lincolnshire Church Notes, notices all the -foregoing inscriptions, though not in a very correct manner. It also -contains the following account of inscriptions and arms, in this church, -which are now gone: - - _In the upper ende of the Chancell_. - -Next under another fayre monument of blew marble [as the former] the -picture of one also inlayd in brasse, adorned rounde about with a border -of curious workemanship in brasse, with the pictures and names of some -prophets in the Old Testament, and of other saintes, and some Saxon -kinges, as Edmund, Edward, Etheldred, Ethelbert, there is noe -inscription, onely this ensuing escocheon upon either side of him. - - [Picture: Shield] - - _On the North Side under a Marble_. - -Orate pro a’ia M’ri Joh’is Gigur baccalaur. Theologiæ custodis hujus -collegii, ac etiam . . . Collegij Marton in Oxonia qui obijt 12º. die - - _On the Wood Worke in the lower ende of the Quire_, _curiously carved in - capital l’rs this_,— - -Ad honorem & gloriam Dei opt. Max. & decorum domus ejus hoc opus factum -est Anno D’ni 1424. - - _In Fenestris_. - -The history of the passion depainted. In another Hell’s torments, where -are divers creatures bound together in a chayne; amongst whome one with a -crowne, another with a mytre on his head, the divell tormenting them, and -under them is written— - - ‘Sic affiguntur pœnis, qui prava sequuntur.’ - -The history of Hermogenes that raysed up devills, and of Guthlake [the -saint of the fens] and of Catherina, who cast them into the sea, that -Hermogenes and Philetus raysed. - -The history of Cosdre with his decollation. - - _In Fenestris ex latere Australi_. -Arg. a chiefe G. surtout a bend B. Crumwell. -Quarterly.—Crumwell, with chequy d’or Tateshall. -and G. a chiefe ermyne -G. a lyon rampant d’or Fitz-Alane. -Arg. 3 cinquefoyles and a canton Driby. -Bendy of 10 pieces arg. and G. -Ermyne a fesse G. Bernake. -B. a fesse daunce betw: 10 billets d’or Deyncourt. -G. 10 annulets d’or -Chequy d’or and G. a bend ermyne Clifton. -Quarterly.—Crumwell and Tateshall -Empaled. Arg. a chiefe G. surtout a Crumwell. -bend B. -Empaled. Arg. a chevron B. a file with -3 lambeaux d’or -Barry of 6 arg. and B. a bend G. Grey of Rotterfield. -Verry a fesse Marmyon. -Arg. a chiefe G. surtout a bend B. a -labell of 3 ermyne -Lozengy arg. and G. Fitz-William. - _Ex latere boreali_. -Empaled. Chequy d’or and G. a bendlet -B. -Empaled. Lozengy arg. and G. Fitz-William. -B. a crosse patonce arg. -Party p. pale G. and sa. a lyon rampant -arg. crowned d’or -Arg. 3 water-pots covered G. a border Monboucher. [ut upinor.] -sa. bezanty -Empaled. Arg. a chiefe G. over all a -bend B. -Empaled. Party p. pale G and sa. a -lyon rampant arg. crowned d’or -Arg. a chevron betweene 3 pots covered -G. a border sa. bezanty. -Arg. a chiefe G. surtout a bend B. a -labell of 3 d’or -Barry of 6 arg. and G. a bend engrayled -d’or -Crumwell with a labell of 3 ermyne - _In Fenestris utrimq. supra portas Australem et Borealem_. -Orate pro a’ia Radulphi nuper D’ni de Crumwell & Tateshale -Thesaurarij Angliæ, & fundatoris hujus Collegij. - _The Roode Loft_, 1524. -G. a saltier arg. a file with 3 Nevile. -lambeaux B. -Lozengy sa. and erm. on a chiefe sa. 3 Wainflet Ep’us Wint. -lillies arg. -Wainflet Ep’us Winton cujus insignia sculptata sup. utranq. porticum -in saxo. - -Thomas Howard gen. & Beatrix consors ejus vitriaverunt fenestram -borealem in honore s’cæ Catherinæ, cujus passio ib’dm. -Empaled. Arg. a chevron chequy d’or -and G. betw. 3 flesh-hookes sa. -Empaled. B. a fesse betw. 3 storkes -arg. -Arg. a chevron betw. 3 catherine wheels -d’or -Deyncourt sup. portam collegii. -Sup. crucem in foro ville Crumwell & Tateshall paling Deyncourt & p. -se 3. - - _Gravestones in the Church_. - -Hic jacet Thomas Gibbon Artium Liberalium M’gr. Rector nuper de Wiberton -Socius & precentor hujus collegij qui obijt 16º. die mensis Januarij An’o -D’ni 1506 cujus &c. - - _Another_. - -Orate pro a’ia D’ni Henr. Porter capti quondam Socij Collegij de -Tateshall, ac præcentor ejusdem Eccl’ie, qui obijt 12º. die Martij An’o -D’ni 1519. - - _Another_. - -Hic jacet Edwardus Okey nup. unus sex clericorum hujus Collegij qui obijt -29 die January An’o D’ni 1519, cujus &c. - - _In Insula Australi_. - -Hic jacet Ric’us English artium liberalium Mgr. socius ac p’centor huj. -Collegij & Vicarius Eccl’iæ de Burwell qui obijt 27º. die Martij A’o D’ni -1522. - - _Another_. - -Orate pro a’ia M’ri Rob’ti Sudbury sacræ Theologiæ Baccalaureus nuper -Rector . . . ac quondam p’centor & socius hujus Collegij qui obijt 19º. -Decembris An’o 1482. - - _Under the arched worke of the Partition betw. the Chancell and the body - of the Church_, _this_, - -Orate pro a’ia Rob’ti de Whalley . . . hujus collegij qui hoc opus fieri -fecit A’o D’ni 1528. cujus a’ie p’pitietur Deus. Amen. - - _Within a Chapel on the North side_, _a fayre flatt Marble_, _on which - this Epitaph_, - - Have mercy on the soule [good Lord] we thee pray - Of Edward Hevyn, lay’d here in sepulture, - W’ch to thine honour this chappel did array - With ceeling, desk, perclose and pourtrayture, - And paviment of marble long to endure. - Servant of late to the excellent Princesse - Mother to King Henry, of Richmond Countesse. - - _The Armes on the Gravestone are_ -Empaled. A chevron betw. 3 boares heades couped, having Hevyn. -so many pomeis in their mouths; on the chevron a crescent -Empaled. A chevron betw. 3 bulls heades. Hevyn. - - Harleian MS. No. 6829. p. 184–189. - -{97} “One of the Cromwelle’s builded a preaty turret caullid the Tour of -the Moore; and thereby he made a faire greate ponde or lake, brickid -about. The lake is commonly caullid the Synkker.” Leland’s Itinerarium, -vi. 58. - -{100a} By some called _Bind_, by others _Clunch Clay_. - -{100b} At Donington, 103 yards; and at Kirkstead, 150 yards. A succinct -account of the boring at Donington may be seen in the Transactions of the -Geological Society, vol. 3. - - - - -***END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK HISTORICAL AND DESCRIPTIVE SKETCHES -OF THE TOWN AND SOKE OF HORNCASTLE [1820]*** - - -******* This file should be named 64182-0.txt or 64182-0.zip ******* - - -This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: -http://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/6/4/1/8/64182 - - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will -be renamed. - -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United -States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. 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