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diff --git a/old/64105-0.txt b/old/64105-0.txt deleted file mode 100644 index e770d1a..0000000 --- a/old/64105-0.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,3259 +0,0 @@ -The Project Gutenberg eBook of Children of South America, by Katharine A. -Hodge - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and -most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms -of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you -will have to check the laws of the country where you are located before -using this eBook. - -Title: Children of South America - -Author: Katharine A. Hodge - -Release Date: December 22, 2020 [eBook #64105] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: UTF-8 - -Produced by: D A Alexander, David E. Brown, and the Online Distributed - Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This file was - produced from images generously made available by The Internet - Archive) - -*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CHILDREN OF SOUTH AMERICA *** - - - - -CHILDREN OF SOUTH AMERICA - - - - -_Oliphant’s Other Lands Series_ - - - CHILDREN OF CHINA - By C. CAMPBELL BROWN - - CHILDREN OF INDIA - By JANET HARVEY KELMAN - - CHILDREN OF AFRICA - By JAMES B. BAIRD - - CHILDREN OF ARABIA - By JOHN CAMERON YOUNG - - CHILDREN OF JAMAICA - By ISABEL C. MACLEAN - - CHILDREN OF JAPAN - By JANET HARVEY KELMAN - - CHILDREN OF EGYPT - By L. CROWTHER - - CHILDREN OF CEYLON - By THOMAS MOSCROP - - CHILDREN OF PERSIA - By MRS NAPIER MALCOLM - - CHILDREN OF BORNEO - By EDWIN H. GOMES - - CHILDREN OF LABRADOR - By MARY LANE DWIGHT - - CHILDREN OF SOUTH AMERICA - By KATHARINE A. HODGE - - -[Illustration: A MAPUCHE INDIAN MOTHER AND HER BABY] - - - - - CHILDREN OF - SOUTH AMERICA - - BY - - KATHARINE A. HODGE - - [Illustration] - - WITH EIGHT ILLUSTRATIONS IN COLOUR - - OLIPHANTS LD. - 100 PRINCES STREET, EDINBURGH - 21 PATERNOSTER SQUARE, LONDON, E.C. - - - - -[Illustration] - - - Printed in Great Britain by Turnbull & Spears, Edinburgh - Bound by Anderson & Ferrier, St Marys, Edinburgh - - - - -INTRODUCTION - -BY THE REV. ALAN EWBANK - -_Secretary of the South American Missionary Society_ - - -I have read through with great interest the manuscript of this little -book, and can say of those parts of South America which it has been -my privilege to visit that Mrs Hodge writes as one who has personal -knowledge of the various mission stations. I trust that her words will -not only reach the children, but also all who love children, that what -little is being done to make their lot brighter may be strengthened, -and much more undertaken, so that where now there are superstition and -darkness there may be knowledge and light. - -For the natural world, God said: “Let there be light, and there _was_ -light.” - -For the spiritual world, Jesus said: “I am the Light”; and because -He meant to work through us, He also said: “YE are the light of the -world.... Let your light so shine before men that they may see your -good works, and glorify your Father which is in heaven.” - - _November 1915_ - - - - -FOREWORD - - -MY DEAR YOUNG FRIENDS, - -This little book has been written expressly for you, to whom South -America is an entirely new field. On this account I feel it is -necessary to devote Chapter I. to the continent itself before -proceeding to acquaint you with its youthful inhabitants. - -I tender my grateful thanks to the South American Missionary Society, -the Evangelical Union of South America, the Inland-South America -Missionary Union, and the Bolivian Indian Mission for the help their -publications have afforded me in trying to place before you something -of the sorrows and intense need of South American childhood. - - Yours, for South America, - - (MRS) KATHARINE A. HODGE - - _November 1915_ - - - - -CONTENTS - - - PAGE - - INTRODUCTION 5 - - FOREWARD 7 - - CHAP. - - I. A PEEP AT THE CONTINENT 11 - - II. BRAZILIAN BROWNIES 17 - - III. BLOSSOM BABIES 30 - - IV. PARAGUAYAN PICCANINNIES 37 - - V. ARGENTINE ALL-SORTS 57 - - VI. DIMINUTIVE DWELLERS IN THE LAND OF FIRE 74 - - VII. CHILIAN CHILDREN 86 - - VIII. BOLIVIAN BAIRNS 95 - - IX. PEARLS OF PERU 113 - - - - -CHILDREN OF SOUTH AMERICA - - - - -CHAPTER I - -A PEEP AT THE CONTINENT - - -South America is a tremendous continent in the Western Hemisphere, and -occupies one-eighth of the land surface of the world. - -By looking at this chart you will get some little idea as to the size -of it, by comparing it with other countries. South America, you will -therefore see, is twice the size of Europe, three times the size of -China, four times the size of India, and sixty times the size of our -British Isles. - -From Panama, at the extreme north, to the furthest southern point of -Tierra-del-Fuego (“the Land of Fire”), it is about 4700 miles in -length, and it is 3000 miles from east to west. - -South America (leaving out the three northern Guianas) is divided up -into eleven countries, or rather republics, each republic being under -its own president. - -The names of the republics are:-- - - Brazil - Argentina - Peru - Bolivia - Ecuador - Venezuela - Chili - Colombia - Paraguay - Uruguay and Panama - -Everything in South America is on a large scale--rivers, forests, -mountains, and plains. There is the mighty River Amazon, with its many -tributaries, flowing through Northern Peru and Brazil; the Orinoco, in -Venezuela; the Araguaya, in Brazil; and the River Plate, which runs -through the Republic of Argentina. - -[Illustration: AN AMAZONIAN CREEK] - -I hope you will study a map as we go along. If you look on the western -side of the continent you will see a long range of mountains, called -the Andes, tipped with sleeping volcanic fires on some, and capped by -perpetual snow on others. Nestling away up among these rugged peaks is -the highest body of water in the world, called Lake Titicaca, on which -float the rush-boats of the Inca Indians, the silent and down-trodden -“Children of the Sun.” - -How vast China seems; and India, too, how big! Africa we feel we know -very little about as yet, in spite of Livingstone and all the books -that have been written; but here is South America--so neglected, and so -large, that there is more unexplored territory there than in any other -part of the world. - -Not only so, but the continent is teeming with treasure. Diamonds and -gold are hidden away in the earth in Brazil and Peru. Bolivia is a -vast storehouse of silver and tin and coal. Petroleum and fertilizing -nitrates for cleansing the soil are to be found in Chili. The forests -of Peru and Brazil spell rubber--“black gold” it is called by the -natives. Chinchona trees flourish in abundance in Peru; also cocaine, -which the Indians chew from morning till night, to deaden their -sufferings, and their hunger. - -Although South America is so large, there are, roughly speaking, only -about fifty million people living in it, but the population increases -every year through immigrants of all nations pouring into the continent. - -Five hundred years ago, South America was the Indian’s land. In the -heart of the continent dwelt the savages, but Peru was the home of -the highly-civilized Inca race. To the north lived an Indian people -called the Chibchas, who came next in culture; and south, in Chili and -Argentina, were the Araucanian Indians, who were not so cultured as the -Incas or Chibchas, but who, notwithstanding, were a powerful people. - -About five hundred years ago the Pope, in his arrogance, “gave” South -America to the two Roman Catholic countries of Spain and Portugal. It -was a dark day for that land when the Portuguese adventurers and their -priests went to Brazil, and Pizarro and his Spanish followers to Peru, -the home of the cruel Inquisition. - -From that day onward slavery, ill-treatment, and cruel deaths have -been the lot of the Indians. La Casas, a Roman Catholic official, more -humane than his brethren, was so concerned at the lot of the Indians in -Brazil that he suggested that Africans should be brought to help the -Indians in the gold mines, and they too suffered from the hands of the -merciless Portuguese. Hence, to-day, we see in Brazil the negroes (of -whom there are said to be some four millions), the Indians, and the -Portuguese-speaking people of many nations, comprising about twenty -millions. - -In Central and Southern Argentina the population is chiefly European. -Buenos Aires, the capital, is largely Italian, though a very large -number of British folk are living there. In Peru nearly three-fourths -of the people are pure Indian, and Bolivia is mostly Indian as well. - -For five long centuries this has indeed been the Land of Darkness and -of the “Christless Cross.” Two thousand years ago, nearly, Christ -said to the Apostle Peter: “Feed My lambs.” What have the so-called -followers of Peter done for the Lambs of South America? Let us see. - - - - -CHAPTER II - -BRAZILIAN BROWNIES - - -Entering the mouth of the mighty River Amazon, we travel slowly by -steamer right away through Northern Brazil, past Manaos, with wonderful -forests on either side of us. How hot and stifling it is, for we are -journeying through the Tropics! - -On we go, gliding past the crocodiles that lie basking in the sun, -and that lazily open one eye at us or a huge mouth, the sight making -us shudder, but with a sense of devout thankfulness that we are at a -respectable distance! No sound disturbs the quiet, except the ripple -of the water, and the screams of gaily-coloured parrots. Now and again -we hear a sound like human voices, and straining our ears to listen -we find to our amusement that it comes from monkeys chattering and -quarrelling among themselves. - -At length we branch off into one of the many tributaries of the great -river, the Yavari for choice, which brings us to the borders of Peru. -Pitching our tent on the river-bank, we settle down for a quiet -evening. In front of us is the Yavari River, filled with many wonderful -varieties of fish. - -Stretching away behind us is the forest, full of strange and wonderful -things. We are in the home of the wild Indians, of whom there are many, -many tribes. They live by fishing in the river, and hunting in the -forest. There are said to be one hundred different kinds of fish, the -largest of which is the King Herring, weighing often as much as three -hundred-weight. When one gets weary of fish diet, stewed monkey makes a -pleasant variety, and cooked alligator a nice change! - -Darkness has now fallen, and the stars are out. No sound now but the -humming of the mosquitoes, which are the bane of the traveller’s life -in South America. Here in this great land even the insects are on a -large scale. Spiders, jiggers, carrapatoes, ticks, and other insects -threaten to disturb our reverie. So if we would escape such unwelcome -attentions from blood-thirsty mosquitoes, we must take shelter under a -net. But not yet; the night is cooler than the day, and the fire-flies -are out, like vivid electric sparks, darting about us as we lie and -watch and dream of Paradise. - -By and by we fall asleep. Suddenly we sit up, rubbing our eyes. What -was that? Listening, for we are wide awake now, we hear a cry as of -someone in distress. The dawn has broken as suddenly as the darkness -fell last night. It always does so in the Tropics, and the crying and -wailing gradually die away. - -Presently we hear a splash, something small and dark has been thrown -into the river, and drifts slowly in our direction. Straining our eyes -to see what it is, we find to our horror that it is a dear little brown -baby, but quite dead, and following in its wake is a huge crocodile. -Alas! Alas! Who is it that has been so inhuman to a little child? We -will find out. - -Like scouts through the trees we stealthily creep along, hardly daring -to breathe, and never once speaking above a whisper. Hark! What is -that? It is the tramp of many feet, and away in the distance, across an -open track, we see a company of naked Indians in charge of men clad in -European clothing. - -In our eagerness to follow we almost stumble over a brown form, lying -so still. It is an Indian woman, dead from a gun-shot wound, and lying -at the foot of the tree close by is a little brown baby. We turn away -from the sickening sight, for the wee brownie’s brains have been dashed -out by one of the wicked white men in charge of the Indian gang, now -quickly disappearing in the distance. - -But we must hurry on, or we will lose them. By and by they reach -the rubber plantation, the place where the rubber-trees abound. The -Brazilian and Peruvian forests are full of rubber, and for six months -in the year (the other six months the land is under water) these trees -are “bled”--as it is called--by the Indians for their taskmasters. The -rubber trees grow in groups of 100 to 150, each tree yielding on an -average eleven pounds of the grey, sticky juice. - -Here the Indians, under pain of terrible torture and death, were made -to extract the rubber. The method of doing so is by making a V-shaped -gash in the trunk, under which is hung a little clay cup to catch the -juice. To each tree is this done in turn, and when the cups are full -they are emptied into a large cauldron hanging on a tripod over a fire -of pine-cones. - -After going through a certain process, the juice becomes a hard, -congealed mass. This raw rubber is carried on the backs of Indians, -through the forest and over the mountains, to the city of Iquitos, in -Northern Peru; and every year sufficient rubber is exported to provide -tyres for 300,000 motor-cars. - -In order to produce this rubber, the Indians have been hunted through -the forests like wild beasts, and have been made to obtain the rubber -under the threats and taunts of ignorant and cruel white men from -neighbouring republics. The Indians have been allowed a certain time to -get a certain quantity of rubber, and if it has not been forthcoming -the Indians--men, women, and girls--have been flogged, put into stocks, -starved, tortured, and tormented to death. - -Saddest and most cruel of all, the children have not escaped, as we -have already seen. The mother has been killed because maybe she was -too ill or weary to walk any farther, and her little ones, who would -only be in the way, have been either thrown into the river to the -alligators, or have had their heads smashed against the trees, or been -thrown away into the forest alive to be devoured by wild animals. - -It was said to be a favourite pastime of some of these so-called -“civilized” (!) agents of the rubber companies to sit round smoking, -and for a little diversion to have one or more of these little brown -children hung up on a tree, and to shoot at them as a target--for sport! - -Think of the agony of suffering of these children, flogged by wicked -men, and even burned alive, in order to force them to tell where their -parents were hidden. If those rubber-trees could only speak, what awful -secrets they would reveal! Every thousand tons of rubber that have come -to our own Christian land have cost seven Indian lives! Who knows, my -young reader, what tragedy lies behind even the india-rubber ball with -which you play so skilfully, and yet lose so carelessly! - -For ten long, weary years all this went on, before we heard in England -the wail of the little brown children of the Brazilian and Peruvian -forests. Have the cries ceased? God only knows, for the sounds are too -far away for us to catch them. - -Now I want to introduce you to some more Brazilian babies, but of a -very different kind. So we will leave this “Paradise of Satan,” and -travel in an easterly direction, which will take us through the heart -of the continent. - -In the Amazon Valley there are many, many tribes of savage Indians, who -hide away as we approach, thinking in their great fear that we must be -rubber-gatherers. Occasionally we see a large space, where once stood -an Indian village, a place of ruins and desolation, and along the -tracks are human bones lying bleached and dry, telling a silent, yet -eloquent story of what had been once living forms. - -We, too, must be careful as we journey along, for the Indians near this -rubber region we are leaving behind are in a dangerous mood, and there -is much to be feared from their deadly blow-pipes. One little prick -from the poisoned arrow, and we would be dead in a very few seconds. So -we will proceed cautiously. - -As we get farther into the interior, we gradually find the vegetation -becoming more dense; we enter the region of “Matto Grosso” (meaning, in -English, “Big Woods”), covering a million square miles. You will see -it on the map, in the centre of the continent. This forest swarms with -monkeys, snakes, parrots, and many kinds of beautiful birds. - -Most wonderful of all the plants are the exquisite orchids, which grow -luxuriantly on the moss-covered boughs in the gloomiest parts of the -dark forest. They are beautiful both in shape and colour--pink, white, -and yellow. Some spotted, and others striped with crimson. - -It may seem strange that such loveliness should be hidden away from the -eyes of all but the God who made them, but it is the same everywhere -in this wonderful country. The choicest flowers bloom unseen except -by the chance traveller, and the strangest animals and birds hide in -the most out-of-the-way places. Some of the trees are fully two hundred -feet high, so that birds on the topmost branches are safe from the -hunter. - -Right in the heart of the forest is a dead silence; no animal life is -to be seen, though probably there are swarms of monkeys, birds, and -other creatures hidden away in the tree-tops. Female monkeys usually -carry their babies on their backs or shoulders, though sometimes they -are carried on the breast with the legs and arms clasped round the -body. They are very fond of Brazil nuts, several of which grow in one -large, round shell, and in order to get at them the monkey beats the -shell against the bough until it breaks and scatters the nuts upon the -ground beneath. - -South America has been spoken of as a Christian country, and yet, here -in Brazil, which is large enough to include the whole of the United -States, and France as well, we find many tribes of savage Indians, each -tribe speaking its own language, but to whom no messenger of the Gospel -of the Lord Jesus Christ has ever been sent. - -Some of these tribes are large, some small, many move about from place -to place, and others cannot be reached, so fearful are they of showing -themselves. It is, on this account, exceedingly difficult to find out -how many Indians there are living in the continent. There might be six -millions, or the number might possibly be nearer ten, no one can tell. -Tens of thousands have passed away without ever having heard of the -Saviour. - -They have their witch-doctors and their religious feasts, and they live -in constant dread of evil spirits. Those who have come in contact with -so-called civilized white people are none the better for it. In fact we -can say, without any hesitation whatever, that “the last state of these -people is worse than the first”; for civilization without Christ is a -far worse condition than paganism. - -Just a few words more about these Brazilian Brownies before we make -our way to the coast. From its birth the Indian baby is seldom parted -from its mother, until it learns to walk. A few days after baby is born -mother takes it to the plantation, protecting the little head from the -heat of the sun by a banana leaf. When on a visit to distant relatives -they take all their goods and chattels with them; and when paddling -down the river the little ones help father to row, while mother sits at -the helm nursing baby. - -While baby is very tiny mother carries her in a broad, bark band which -is hung over her right shoulder. When baby grows bigger, and is able -to sit up by herself, she rides on mother’s hip, supported by her -encircling arm. - -[Illustration: BRAZILIAN BROWNIES FISHING] - -The Indians do not spoil their children, although they are very fond -of them. They believe in hardening their little ones, so the girls and -boys are bathed by their careful mothers every day in cold water, in -some shady forest stream. Indian mothers are very fond of playing with -their children, and when a tiny mite wants all her mother’s care the -older ones are handed over for “grannie” to look after. - -Mother loves to deck her little one with necklaces, only I do not think -we should say they were pretty, for they are made either of teeth or -seeds. If you want to make an Indian woman your friend, nothing will -win her friendship quicker than a present of a bead necklace to her -little child. - -Then no Indian mother thinks her little one’s toilet is complete until -she is painted red, though I do not suppose we should think her at all -beautiful. - -Girls soon begin to help their mothers in various ways, by looking -after the smaller ones, netting hammocks, making pottery, spinning -cotton, and learning to cultivate the fields and to cook. But “the -children’s souls, which God is calling Sunward, spin on blindly in the -dark.” - - - - -CHAPTER III - -BLOSSOM BABIES - - -Leaving our little Indian friends, we now make our way through the -State of Sao Paulo, in South-Eastern Brazil, to the city of the same -name, which means “St Paul.” The climate here is more temperate and -healthy (except in the lowlands near the sea-coast), which is a -pleasant change from the tropical heat of Northern Brazil. - -Sao Paulo is very up-to-date, and more like a modern European city -than any other in Brazil. Yet although many of the Portuguese-speaking -people who live here are educated, they are very ignorant of the true -religion of the Lord Jesus Christ. Their religion, like that of the -people in every other city in South America, consists chiefly in the -worship of a woman, the Virgin Mary, and there are very many Roman -Catholic feasts given in her honour during the year. - -The mother of our Saviour is thus the object of worship of many -thousands of women and children in South America to-day, and yet the -exaltation of the Virgin Mary has not by any means uplifted these women -and children; on the contrary, their social, moral, and spiritual state -is worse than that of the women and children of any heathen country. -It is only where the Lord Jesus Christ is worshipped and upheld that -mothers, sisters, and little children are honoured, cared for, and put -into their proper place. - -In South America the Lord Jesus is either represented as a little child -in His mother’s arms, as on the cross, or as lying dead in a coffin. -As the Saviour is thus misrepresented to them, it is perhaps not to be -wondered at that these women and children, who do not know the truth -about His love, turn away from the apparently dead Christ, to the -warm, kindly-looking, gaudily-decked figure of Mary, about whom the -Church of Rome says: “Come unto Mary, all ye who are burdened and weary -with your sins, and she will give you rest.” - -It is to Mary and not to the Lord Jesus that the children of South -America are bidden to turn. - -Think of your own happy childhood, of mother and your bright home; of -your church, your Sunday-school, and your day-school; of the bright, -happy hours you spend in play; of the laughing, chubby, clean, and -healthy children of our own cities. Think; and now come with me through -the city of Sao Paulo, where we see people of all nations and colours, -from the blackest negro to the whitest European. - -[Illustration: PALMS, LILIES AND BABY BLOSSOMS] - -We will pay a visit to some bright, budding blossoms of humanity who -have been gathered from streets and places of wickedness, and planted -in a beautiful Home standing in its own grounds, lying on the outskirts -of the town. Here thirty-six little human “blossoms” live and -flourish under the motherly and fatherly care of Mr and Mrs Cooper, -their daughter, and other workers. - -The story of the first “blossom” is that while Mr and Mrs Cooper were -doing missionary work in another part of Brazil, a little baby girl -was given to them by her mother, who was quite out of her mind. The -poor wee mite was little more than skin and bones, but loving care and -plenty of good food soon transformed her into a bonnie maiden. - -To describe all these thirty-six “blossoms” would fill a book. The -Blossom Home is one of the brightest spots in Brazil to-day, and it is -a real joy to leave the city and to hurry away at sunset over the low -fields, with the wide sky on all sides coloured always with different -hues, and the fresh, cool breath of evening, while a bevy of expectant -children await your appearance under the pines and palms of the walk -to the house. That these little ones were ever poor, or diseased, or -homeless, does not seem possible as we mingle with them at the evening -play-hour. - -That Tecla was ever anything but a sweet-faced yellow-haired child, -that Baby was ever thin and wrinkled, that Bepy was ever serious, -or Rosa not always happy, seems so long ago as not to belong to the -present age of the Home. One “blossom” came all the way from Maranham, -a city more than 2000 miles away from Sao Paulo, which shows how much -such orphanages are needed in Brazil. - -It would be nice to stay here and make their further acquaintance, to -see the little ones in the kindergarten, and the older ones at their -lessons. It would be interesting to spend a Sunday at this haven, and -to see the keen interest they display in missions and missionaries. - -During the week, at morning worship they are trained to look out over -the whole world, and to pray for a particular place each day. At -Sunday-school they, of their own accord, have a collection amongst -themselves, and every week they try to do something extra, for which -they are paid, and out of this they freely give to the missionary -box. They send to the child-widows of India, to the school for blind -children at Jerusalem, and to other missions in which they are -interested. - -We would like to watch them, too, at their work, for they are all -busy little bees, and what a hive of happy industry it is--dairying, -poultry-raising, laundry, kitchen, housework, and gardening! The reason -why we cannot stay for more than a flying visit is because there is no -room for us, and if not for us, then for no one else, for the Home is -already more than full. - -“The girls’ dormitories hold fourteen beds, and there are twenty girls! -Baby Grace sleeps in a cot beside the bed of ‘Mother’ and ‘Daddy,’ but -the other five have to sleep in the dining-room, which means making up -beds at bedtime. The walls of the Home are not made of india-rubber, so -they cannot be stretched to receive any more ‘blossoms.’ What is then -to be done? Applications are constantly coming in, a recent one being -for a motherless baby girl of a month old. How the heart of Christ must -yearn over these little ones of whom He said when here on earth: ‘Of -such is the Kingdom of Heaven!’” - - - - -CHAPTER IV - -PARAGUAYAN PICCANINNIES - - -Our next visit is to the Republic of Paraguay, so, leaving Sao Paulo, -we will travel in a westerly direction, though really, in order to -reach Paraguay in the proper way we should make our way to Santos, and -embark on a steamer for Buenos Aires, in Argentina, which is situated -at the mouth of the Silver River, called by the Spanish-speaking people -of Argentina “Rio de la Plata.” - -From Buenos Aires all missionaries travel up this river to Paraguay, -but as we are not ordinary travellers, but extraordinary, we make -our way to the banks of the River Paraguay. Here we must pause for a -moment. Behind us is civilization; before us is heathenism and the -unknown. Across the river lies the “Gran Chaco” (Great Hunt), the -Indian’s land, about which one hears all kinds of queer stories. There -is something fascinating about “an unknown people in an unknown land,” -and so curiosity prompts us to cross and explore. - -But it was something more than mere curiosity which took Mr W. -Barbrooke Grubb, of the South American Missionary Society, among the -Lengua Indians--a burning desire to tell these dusky people of a God -of Love. So one day this quiet, resolute Englishman, with a purposeful -air which reminded one strangely of David Livingstone, walked into the -Indian encampment, letting them know by his manner that he had come to -stay. - -Still it is with the little people we wish to make friends. So climbing -into a bullock-cart--for we are now on the other side of the river--we -make our way slowly across swampy plains until we come to a palm -forest, where some Lengua Indians are encamped. Boys and girls with -browny-red skin, black eyes, and long black hair are playing about just -like English children--only they are not very merry or full of fun, but -are, oh, so dirty! - -The boys have one garment, a little blanket of many patterns and -colours, which is twisted round the waist in the hot weather, but -worn round the shoulders when cold. They deck themselves with ostrich -feathers, bead necklaces, shells, and sheep’s teeth. The feathers are -worn in the hair; also round the ankles, to protect them from the -biting of the snakes which lurk in the long grass. - -The girls also have one garment, a skirt made of deer skin. They, too, -wear beads and other ornaments like their brothers, though they are not -decked out like the boys. - -Leaving our bullock-cart, we walk right into the camp. What queer -houses the people live in! Just a few branches of trees stuck in the -ground, with some palm leaves and a handful of grass on the top. There -are no windows or doors, and no furniture inside, but just a few deer -skins on the ground, which serve as beds. Everything is put on the -ground, for there are no shelves or cupboards, and all looks dirty and -untidy. - -Presently the father comes in from the hunt, bringing an animal which -he has killed with his bow and arrow. Sometimes he brings a deer, an -ostrich, or a wild pig. To-night it is an ostrich. He drops his load -a little way off, and the women and children go and bring it in. It -is supper-time, and they are all hungry. First they take off the skin -carefully, for that will make a new skirt for the little girl, or a bed -for her brother. - -Everyone now works hard. Boys and girls fetch water and wood, and fan -up the fire. Soon the meat in the pot is cooked, and the children pass -the word round that supper is ready. The pot is lifted off the fire, -everybody sits on the ground in a circle round it, and they get out -their horn spoons, though generally they use their fingers. - -[Illustration: A PARAGUAYAN CHRISTIAN FAMILY] - -Each child gets a large piece of meat in its hands. There is no -waiting, no blessing asked, but all eat until everything is finished, -while the crowd of hungry dogs around try to steal pieces out of the -pot. - -Then the pipe is passed round; and the father tells how he saw the -ostrich, how he dressed himself up with leaves and twigs to look like -a tree and stalked the bird. Presently he got near enough to shoot it -with his arrow. He tells also how, in coming home, he saw a tiger in -the forest, and later on killed a snake. It is a long, long story, but -the children listen eagerly, and next day they act it all over in their -play. - -Now it is bedtime. If we were Indians we would all choose a place as -near the fire as possible, not so much for the warmth, as to escape -the unwelcome attentions of our diminutive friends, the mosquitoes. -We would spread out our little skin beds, or if you had not one of -your own, you would cuddle up with the other children, always putting -the tiny tots and any sick ones in the middle. And while you are in -slumberland the dogs crouch near. Over you spreads the blue sky, with -the beautiful moon shining down upon you in company with the myriad -stars. - -But you will not sleep for long: a weird cry rings out through the -silent night, the cry of some animal or bird, and, starting up in a -frightened way, the Indian shakes his rattle to frighten away the evil -spirit. - -The fire has to be kept up all night while the children sleep, and -the dogs must be watched in case they try to reach the tasty piece -of ostrich hung up in the neighbouring tree for breakfast. You will -probably be disturbed, too, by the barking of wolves or the snarl of a -tiger, as they prowl round the encampment. - -In the morning everybody is on the move, for these Lengua Indians do -not stay long in one place. Pots and pans are collected, together with -gourds and skins, and put into big nets which the women are expected to -carry. The men go on in front with their bows and arrows, so that they -may be ready for any dangers, such as tigers, or to shoot any game for -food. - -Three children can ride astride a horse or mule, although it is -exceptional for an Indian to have either; or a mother and two little -ones can travel thus--one tied in front and one behind round her waist. -But very often you would have to walk on and on, through swamps and -over wide, hot plains, always on the look-out for something to eat. - -Sometimes there is no water, and the children are only too glad to -stoop and scrape up the muddy dregs in the print of a horse’s hoof, or -else they look for the caraguata plant, which generally has a little -water at the bottom of its long, prickly leaves. - -On the sandy plains there are tiny insects which burrow into the feet, -and make them swell until they are very, very sore. Sometimes so many -of these insects get in that you can scarcely walk at all. - -All at once someone catches sight of a herd of wild pigs feeding; then -away go our little Indian friends, snatching up sticks, to chase and if -they can to capture a pig. - -At night-fall another halt is made, this time by a stream, for there -are fish and alligators to make a splendid meal. So all the things -are unpacked, and the houses of twigs and leaves are soon erected. A -big fire is kindled, and after an “alligator” supper, quiet once more -reigns in the camp as another night falls, wooing the Chaco children to -sleep under the twinkling stars. - -The Lengua Indians are very fond of their children, but they seldom -correct them when they are naughty. If mother should attempt to correct -them, father very unwisely interferes, so I am afraid a great many -Chaco children are spoilt. - -When Mr W. Barbrooke Grubb came to the Gran Chaco the Indians showed -him plainly by their manner that they did not want him. This, however, -did not discourage him in the least, but only spurred him on to try -to win their favour. He made himself one with them; he learned their -customs and their language; he travelled when they travelled, took part -in their feasts, and lived exactly as they did--until finally he won -their confidence and love. How they needed the Gospel, for they were in -gross heathen darkness! They had no religious customs, though they had -their witch-doctors, and lived in constant dread of evil spirits. - -Amongst the Indians here “baby-killing,” which grown-up people call -“infanticide,” is sadly very common. “Superstition,” writes Mr Grubb, -“causes many of these deaths. Girl babies, if they are born first, are -put to death; deformed children are also killed, and twins are never -allowed to live. Many die through want of care during the first years -of childhood.” - -How heartless such customs seem! Yet there is something still more -sad, which has to do with their beliefs. For many years Mr Grubb tried -to show the Indians “the better way,” and to do away with the cruel -practice of killing their babies. - -Their burial rites are very weird, and no funeral ever takes place -after sunset. If, therefore, a sick Indian is likely to die in the -night, before sunrise, they bury her or him before the sun goes down, -even though the spirit may not have left the body, break up their camp, -and move away before they settle down for the night. - -The mother of a dear little Indian girl became very ill one day. The -husband, who really loved his wife, did all he could to make her well, -but in spite of this she gradually grew worse instead of better. When -he saw that she could not possibly live, and that all hope was gone he -left her alone. - -There she lay, outside the hut, with a reed matting over her face, her -life fast ebbing away. It was about an hour before sunset. The Indians -were getting restless, when the missionary walked into their midst. -Seeing the form on the ground, he stooped down, taking the matting from -the Indian woman’s face. - -She whispered: “Water.” Reluctantly it was brought by the Indian -husband, but a few minutes later she became quite unconscious. The eyes -of the Indians were anxiously looking, not towards the dying woman, -but toward the sinking sun, for she must be buried before sunset. They -would all have to pack up and hurry away to a new camping place, where -the woman’s spirit could not follow. - -Impatiently they stepped forward, but were waved back by the -missionary. Her grave was ready, everything was prepared for the -funeral rites. - -“The spirit has not left her yet,” he said; “do not touch her.” - -“But we must hasten, or darkness will be upon us before we leave,” -replied the husband; “we cannot break our custom.” - -The missionary held them off as long as he could, till finally they -bore her away. Stepping into their hut, he heard a faint noise, and -seeing a small, dark object on the floor, he stooped down and tenderly -lifted up the now motherless baby girl. What a dear, wee, brown living -thing she was! - -Turning round he saw her father, who held out his arms saying that he -had come to take her away to be buried with her mother. The missionary -gazed at him with horror in his eyes. - -“Oh, but you are not going to kill her, surely?” said he, hugging Baby -closer. - -“Of course not,” said the father; “we are going to put her in the -ground alive. It is our custom!” - -He did not think about the cruelty of such a proceeding. It was part -of their religion, and, therefore, must be carried out. So there was a -tussle between the father and the missionary for the Chaco baby’s life, -and I am glad to say the missionary won, but the Indians did not like -it at all. - -The first thing to be considered was what to give baby to eat, and the -second problem how to get her to the mission-station a hundred miles -away. Finding that no Indian woman would help him in the matter of -nursing and feeding her, he saw that he would have to be both mother -and nurse to her himself. - -What could he give “Brownie”? Well, God showed him what to do, so she -was kept alive on rice water and goat’s milk, which the missionary -gently squirted into her mouth from his mouth, and on egg and milk, -these being the chief items in Baby’s diet. - -After miles and days of riding on horseback, with five Indians to show -the missionary the way, they at length reached the mission-station, and -Baby was handed over to a kind motherly missionary. I am sorry to say, -however, that Baby Hope (for that is the name the missionaries gave -her), was taken ill six months afterwards, and died, and she was laid -to rest on the banks of the River Paraguay. - -How sad it is to think that there have been many of these little ones -who were not so fortunate in being rescued from a living grave like -Baby Hope! But these Indians are learning that Jesus loves the little -children in the Chaco. For nearly thirty years the missionaries of -the South American Missionary Society have been working here for the -preserving and uplifting of the children, and to-day they are being -rewarded by seeing many Christian Indian homes established. - -There are day-schools, Sunday-schools, and schools of industry where -the older boys and girls are learning how to become useful men and -women. Carpentering, house-building, agriculture, cooking, laundry, and -housework are now taking the place of wandering, hunting, dancing, and -feasting, which, with them, have now become things of the past. - -There are many other Indian tribes in Paraguay yet to be reached, so -we will leave the Gran Chaco, and once more crossing the river we come -back to civilization--but not to stay, our destination being Santa -Teresa, in South-Eastern Paraguay. We must travel on horseback now, -for there are no smooth roads; so, accompanied by Mr John Hay, of the -Inland-South America Missionary Union, we proceed on our journey. For -the benefit of those who did not go with him he wrote an account of his -experiences. In his diary he says:-- - -“When we entered the dense forests the Indian tracks soon became -impassable for men on horseback. We could no longer ride, and in some -places we were obliged to travel barefoot, in deep mud, leading our -horses as best we could, while we stumbled on over the roots of trees -and interlacing bamboo creepers. - -“Led by a native guide, we found the Indians hidden away behind the -shelter of almost impassable swamps, across which we could not take our -horses--amid the most savage conditions, and in great poverty. Some of -them had a little maize, but for the most part they appeared to live -on wild fruits, roots, reptiles, caterpillars, or anything procurable -by hunting and fishing. For clothing, they wore only loin-cloths, and -bands of women’s hair twisted round the legs below the knees and round -the wrists. - -“Their faces were painted in curious patterns, with some black pigment, -and in some cases mutilated by a hole in the lower lip, through which -a long appendage of resinous gum protruded, hanging down in front of -the chin. They were armed with long powerful bows, from which they -can shoot, with deadly effect, arrows pointed with long, hard, wooden -barbs. Some of these arrows measure over six feet in length. - -“Some of the women were busily weaving their little loin-cloths, made -from fine cotton fibre, on rude square frames made with four branches -of a tree firmly fixed in the ground.” - -It is to these Indians and their little children that Mr Hay and his -fellow-workers seek to minister. A mission-station has been built here -in the wilds, under tremendous difficulties and very trying conditions. -“The Indians are scattered in very small companies, sometimes merely -families, over immense areas; they are constantly moving their -dwellings”--their chief idea being to get away from the one they think -their greatest enemy--the white man! - -It has, therefore, been uphill work to win the confidence of these -Indians; but God, who is always on the side of the missionaries, has -rewarded their patient, prayerful, and persevering efforts, so that now -quite a number of the Indians, recognizing the missionaries as their -friends, are seeking them out. At one time, when the maize and mandioca -crops failed, the people had to eat rats and wild animals of the -forest. The missionaries gave them work to do and paid them in food. -“At first they were very shy, especially the women, but as they got to -know them their shyness wore off, and even the little children began to -feel at home with them.” - -It will take us too long to visit the other I.S.A.M.U. Stations. If we -had time we could go to Caaguazw, the base from which the missionaries -work among the Forest Indians; to Villarica, the third city in -Paraguay, where there is a school for the children of English-speaking -people, and where the Roman Catholic officials have warned their people -not to send their children to the Protestant schools, for Rome prefers -to keep her little ones ignorant. - -Had we time to linger in Concepcion, the second city of the republic, -situated on the River Paraguay, with its 14,000 inhabitants, we should -be able to learn something of the missionary work carried on there -amongst the children. Here as elsewhere, the Roman Catholic priests are -very hostile, and do all they can to hinder the work of Christ amongst -these little ones. - -Just before we leave Paraguay, we must have a peep at the children -who are not Indians, but the natives of the country. The Paraguayan -children go about naked from three to four years of age until they go -to school; the Paraguayans of the town are, of course, better dressed. -The boys are very fond of hunting birds, with bows and marbles of -hard clay. These bows have two strings each, with a little rag on the -strings on which the marble is placed. It shoots a good distance, and -can kill good-sized birds. - -The Paraguayans, like other peoples, have bad habits--such as drinking, -card-playing, swearing, and smoking. Even little boys of three and -four years of age are sometimes seen smoking, while their parents just -look on and smile! Alas, that this religion of “baptized paganism” -should prevail everywhere, and that the boys and girls of Paraguay -should be bought and sold to Paraguayan masters to be their slaves! - - The young, young children, Oh my brothers, - They are weeping bitterly! - They are weeping in the playtime of the others, - In the country of the free. - -“It is not the will of your Father that one of these little ones should -perish.” - - - - -CHAPTER V - -ARGENTINE ALL-SORTS - - -Argentina, the Land of the Silver River, is, after Brazil, the next -Republic in size in South America. It is the most progressive from a -worldly point of view, and from a spiritual standpoint also it is going -forward steadily. - -This is not strange, seeing that the people who live in Central and -Southern Argentina are mainly European, and British people have -an enormous commercial and financial interest in that land; but -nevertheless we cannot get away from the fact that this Land of the -Silver River lacks in many places the streams of Living Water which God -is so patiently waiting to flood through human channels to hundreds of -girls and boys who do not know Him. We should really, therefore, take a -very great interest in Argentina for more than one reason. - -From Paraguay we will make a journey into Northern Argentina. -Travelling through the sugar plantations, we finally reach San Pedro, -where the sugar-crushing mills are at work, for it is harvest time and -hundreds of Indians are employed cutting the cane. - -Everything is in full swing, and dusky forms are flitting here, there, -and everywhere, some cutting the cane with long knives, while the -Indian women carry it away and lay it in heaps. Here, after the leaves -and top ends are cut off, the cane is thrown into trucks, which are -taken to the factory by a small engine drawing twelve or thirteen -trucks. We will go and see how the cane goes in at one end and nice -white sugar comes out at the other end. The sugar, after being sewn up -in bags, is taken away in big, heavy carts, with high broad wheels. - -At another sugar plantation 3000 Indians are employed. They come from -Southern Bolivia and the Gran Chaco to work from three to five months -among the sugar cane, and then return to their own country. There are -several tribes, the most civilized being the Chiriguards from Bolivia, -who are cleaner and more intelligent than the rest. There are the -Tobas, another warlike tribe, who go about almost naked. They are dirty -and savage looking. Also the Matacos, who are sadder looking than the -rest. - -The South American Missionary Society is endeavouring to reach these -people in San Pedro and San Antonio. Mr R. J. Hunt says, of his second -visit amongst the Indians in the Argentine Chaco:-- - -“A day or two after my arrival I went to the village seeking my -assistant, Sixto, and found the house deserted and the household goods -removed. Glancing in and out among the trees, I found all the huts -likewise vacated, but presently I espied two solitary little girls -of six or seven years of age playing near one of the huts; and on -approaching, instead of scampering away like frightened animals, they -remained quite still, and shyly but very clearly explained to me, with -many gestures, that the man whom I sought had built another house on -the other side of the road. Only those who have attempted to tame one, -know the wild, shy nature of a little Indian girl! - -“The other day I went to visit the Mataco Camp at Mira Flores, and at -the sound of my voice a young fellow came forward with a broad smile on -his face and saluted me. A little girl instantly sidled up to me, and -immediately from several huts came the women to smile recognition of me. - -“Then the men flocked round. I speak specially about the women, because -their rule is that when a stranger visits their camp the women keep in -the background, or peep out through their well-ventilated grass-huts; -but these people were from Tres Pozos, and they had seen me squatting -round their fires, and moving freely in and out among their friends. I -was no longer a stranger but one of themselves.” - -We will now make our way southward through Argentina, travelling for -many miles from one city to another by mule back. They are inhabited -by children of all nations, but speaking the one common language of -Spanish. These cities have their churches, convents and cathedrals, and -everywhere you see priests and so-called “holy” women. - -In Cordoba, the Brethren are doing a splendid missionary work. Mr and -Mrs Will Payne and their children, with Miss Emily Reynolds, and others -are seeking to win the children to Christ. - -A priest was holding a service at one of the Roman Catholic churches. -Amongst other things he promised everyone present that evening seven -years’ release from purgatory for their attendance at the service! A -rich young lady promised candles to one of the Virgins, if her prayers -were answered. - -In the Sunday-school work only the better-class children are being -reached, as for the most part the poor children live so far away. - -In San Martin, a village near Cordoba, a little Sunday-morning school -has been started. There are always a few listeners at the door, who are -afraid to come in. When invited to enter they say: “No, I must not, you -are heretics!” One of the Sunday-school boys, who attended a day-school -under the supervision of Roman Catholics, was expelled because it was -discovered that he attended the little morning Sunday-school. - -How helpless the missionaries are in matters like these! For the power -of Rome is very great in these fanatical places. But this little -difficulty was speedily removed, for a Spanish woman who had recently -come from Spain had been a day-school teacher before her marriage in a -missionary school in Spain! She felt constrained to open a day-school -here, and so the children who attended the Sunday-school went also to -the day-school. - -Best of all the Word of God is read and taught every morning for half -an hour. How true the proverb is: “What you put into the life of a -nation, you must put into its schools.” - -There was an orphan school kept by a few Christians who loved little -children, a few miles out of Cordoba. A little boy was very ill, -dying of consumption; and he was brought to a hospital in the city. -The little fellow knew the Gospel, and had his Testament with him. -His precious Book was taken away from him; and although he was so ill -he was given no peace till he was driven to confess to a priest and -renounce the Gospel. - -Then they tried to stop the missionary’s visits, but, in defiance of -the Catholic nurse, and on the ground that the missionary had brought -up the orphan child, she got through to see him before he died. - -Children take part in the religious festivals of the Roman Church, -especially the feasts of the Virgin, of which there are very many. One -of the chief festivals is that of the “Virgin Mercedes.” The image is -taken out of the great Church that bears her name, in order that, -according to an ancient custom, she may release four prisoners. - -This Virgin is reckoned to be very miraculous. She is supposed, -years ago, to have given special victory in an Argentine battle. In -commemoration of this, every year she is solemnly taken down from her -niche, and paraded with great pomp to release any four prisoners she -chooses. - -Let us turn aside and see this great sight. The route of the procession -is lined, almost packed, with people. Cordoba being a large and -so-called religious city, practically everybody is out to watch with -us. At last we see the procession; it is slowly returning to the -church. How long it is! For we find by our watches that it has taken -twenty minutes to pass. - -[Illustration: A CONVENTILLO IN THE ARGENTINE CAPITAL] - -Heads are bared as the robed priests and choir boys, with lights and -lanterns, come into view. Such crowds of women follow! Little children -dressed in white follow on, carrying silk banners. At length, to the -muffled sound of the drum, and well protected by armed soldiers, comes -the Virgin, carried aloft. - -The excitement is now at its highest. Women are throwing flowers from -the balconies to the Virgin. All are anxious to catch sight of the four -prisoners at whose feet the Virgin had been made to drop a free pardon. -Then follow in the rear more soldiers as a further escort. - -In spite of all these feasts, the priests feel they are losing their -hold upon the people, especially the women; and in order to revive -religious sentiment cinematograph pictures are being shown in one of -the churches to attract more worshippers. To lose the women is also to -lose the children, the men they have already lost. - -On our way to the capital of Buenos Aires, we pass miles of waving -corn, with great expanses of grassland upon which graze hundreds of -sheep and cattle. Here and there, too, we see ranches where the owners -of the wheat-fields and cattle live. - -Who are these people? Not foreigners, but our own British men and -women, miles away from any city and from civilization. - -There is no church for them to go to, so Sunday is the same as any -other day; but occasionally they receive a visit from the chaplain of -the South American Missionary Society. More often than not, they are -without any spiritual help whatever, and yet how much we owe to them! - -Supposing we had no church or Sunday-school, no one to tell us of the -beautiful things of God--how we should miss it all! And yet here are -these people living out on the plains of Argentina, with their little -children, tending the sheep, and reaping the corn, all of which is for -our material benefit. - -The sheep and cattle are killed and put into the freezing-houses in -Buenos Aires; the wheat is harvested and made into flour, and all is -shipped from the docks every week, to England and other parts of the -world. Shall we not send them news of the Bread of Life which perisheth -not, so that the boys and girls of Argentina may know about the Lord -Jesus Christ? - -Now we are in _the_ city of the whole continent, Buenos Aires. The -houses are flat-roofed and have no chimneys, for the very simple -reason that they have no fires. Most of the cooking is done either on -a charcoal brazier or on a gas or oil stove. Most of the streets are -very narrow, especially the older ones. The newer streets are made much -wider, and down the centre are avenues of trees. - -House rent here, as in every other South American city, is very, very -high, so that the poor people live in “conventillos” such as you see -here. “This is a form of slum peculiar to South America consisting of a -square, or courtyard surrounded by buildings one or two stories high. -A ‘conventillo’ sometimes contains as many as a hundred families, each -one crowded into a single room, opening on to the common square. Here -the women wash, and cook, and sew, and gossip and drink ‘maté’ with -their friends (the native tea of the continent is grown in Paraguay). -Here also the children swarm and quarrel at their games.” - -Buenos Aires is a most cosmopolitan city, full of life, gaiety, and -commercial activity; and yet so full of wickedness that many a mother’s -boy has been ruined for eternity. - -There are numerous factories of various kinds in the city and -neighbourhood, in which hundreds of girls and boys are employed. In the -richer homes the girls are kept very secluded by their mothers, having -no purpose in life but just to dress up and make themselves look nice. - -In the hot months everyone rises with the sun, and the first -substantial meal, called “almuorzo” (breakfast) is taken at 11.30. The -hottest part of the day is spent in “siesta” (sleep), under a mosquito -net, on a shady verandah, after which you have a cold bath and dress -ready for visitors, or go visiting yourself. - -To speak of work amongst children in the Province of Buenos Aires would -fill a book. The Christian workers of the Evangelical Union of South -America are doing noble work in the Sunday-schools. We have not time -to visit Tres Arroyos, where each Sunday two hundred children listen -to the “Old, Old Story of Jesus and His Love,” or Las Flores, Coronel -Suarez, Campana, or San Fernando, where the children are gathered -together Sunday by Sunday. - -The difference between these Argentine children and ourselves is just -this, that everything here in Britain is done to help the children, and -to surround them with a pure atmosphere and holy influences. Out there -it is not so; everything is against the children growing up to be even -morally good men and women. - -They are so familiar with sin that their sense of sin is destroyed, and -they are therefore harder to reach than pure pagans. If ever a city -needed a “Blossom Home,” it is Buenos Aires, where we find children of -all nations. - -One of the finest institutions for children and young people in the -whole of this continent is, however, to be seen here at the present -day. We cannot leave Argentina without paying a visit to the suburb -of Palermo, where are situated the schools superintended by the Rev. -William Case Morris, the “Dr Barnardo of South America.” - -While in business, in the Boca district of the city, some years ago, Mr -Morris saw the poverty and ignorance of the children about him, and he -longed to see something done for them. Of his own accord, and with his -own private funds, he commenced a school for poor children. Upon this -he spent years of labour and much money, seeking to better the lot of -his juvenile friends. - -With the South American Missionary Society at his back, he established -day-schools, Sunday-schools, and schools of industry, through which -hundreds of Spanish-speaking children have passed since their -foundation. - -Who are the scholars? With the exception of a very small number we find -they are children of the poorest class. Many are children of invalid -parents, others of widowed mothers. In the case of several, the father -is serving a long term of imprisonment for crime. Some are almost alone -in the world; many are quite alone--“nobody’s children,” waifs, to whom -life is a dreary, desolate solitude. - -Numbers of the children had been surrounded by an atmosphere of -ignorance and sin, and would a few years later have been a cause of -trouble to the police, had it not been for such an institution as -this. It is not only a training place for the mind, but a school for -character, where the children’s souls are lifted out of the mire and -trained in the atmosphere of heaven. - -What sweetening influences must now be at work, where every youth -and maiden is who has passed through this school! Think of the five -thousand who are being trained to be witnesses for Christ to their -own people in this continent, where we see still so much darkness, -degradation, and superstition. - -The whole secret of successful work amongst Spanish-speaking children -is splendidly summed up by Mrs Strachan, an E.U.S.A. missionary in -Tandil. She says:-- - -“Our work in the Sunday-school makes us feel more than ever the -pressing and immediate need of day-schools. It seems impossible in one -short hour to make an impression on the children. - -“How can you teach a child that a lie is a lie, when lies are told at -home and in day-school? How can you make him understand that to steal -is a sin when everybody else tells him that the only sin about it is to -be found out? - -“The child of South America is up against all that sort of thing; it is -the very air he breathes during the week. - -“He comes to us for an hour on Sunday; how much do you think can be -done to press home these powerful influences? We are more than ever -convinced that if we are to do in this country a work that will take -deep root downward, and bear fruit upward, the children must be got -hold of, placed in the right atmosphere, and taught on the right lines. -For this we must get the day-schools and get them quickly.” - - - - -CHAPTER VI[A] - -DIMINUTIVE DWELLERS IN THE LAND OF FIRE - - -“More than one hundred years ago God sent a baby boy to Mr and Mrs -Gardiner. They called him Allen Francis. He had four elder brothers, -and as the lads romped and played games and learned lessons together, -they would have been ever so much surprised if they could have taken -a peep into the future, and seen what wonderful adventures in strange -lands, among strange people, and what terrible dangers and difficulties -were in store for little Allen. - -“He always said he ‘meant to be a sailor, and travel all over the -world,’ and one night when Mrs Gardiner went to tuck him up and give -him a good-night kiss, she found his bed empty, and her little boy -fast asleep on the hard floor--‘getting hardened and used to roughing -it,’ he told her. When thirteen years old he went to the Naval College -at Portsmouth for two years, and then his life as a sailor began. - -“Who will come in thought with me and pay a visit to the Land of Fire? -Before we start, let us remember that first we take a long leap into -the past--we jump backwards over fifty years--for we want to join our -dear old friend and sailor Captain Allen Gardiner. - -“We shall certainly all need our strongest boots and thickest wraps and -waterproofs, as we join our sailor hero. Sleet and hail are beating -around the boat on all sides, and every few minutes a wave dashes -across the bows. When we land on one of the Islands, and trudge along -by the Captain’s side, on one of his exploring expeditions, we find the -mud more than knee-deep in many places. - -“We shall find the natives a very miserable lot of people. They have no -form of worship, no idols; they know nothing whatever of God. There -is not even a word in their language to express the name of God. They -are Indians, and divided into many different tribes, all at enmity with -each other; always quarrelling and at war. Food is often the cause of -the trouble, for it is very hard to get. - -“There are Canoe Indians and Foot Indians. The Canoe Indians live -almost entirely upon fish and fungus, and the Foot Indians on birds and -animals killed by bows and arrows and spears made of whalebone. Nowhere -do we see the smallest sign of the land being tilled or cultivated; -indeed, corn would not ripen in the Land of Fire, for the climate is -very damp and windy. Even in summer the sun rarely shines, only wind -and rain then take the place of the winter storms of sleet and snow. - -“There is plenty of good water on the Islands, so, as our supply on -board the _Clymene_ is running short, we will draw into one of the -harbours and refill the water-casks before we pursue our journey -to Banner Cove, where the Captain thinks of putting up the wooden -storehouse he has brought from England, and landing our goods. - -“Before the _Clymene_ sails away, while our companions are busy fixing -up a tent, we spy several canoes of Indians coming towards us. In a -moment our friend has his telescope pointed in their direction, eager -to find out all about them. We soon see they are afraid; it is the -glass that frightens them. They think it some dangerous weapon! So it -is quickly laid aside and we make signs of friendship. - -“Many of the men come on board after a time, and gladly take the -buttons we offer in exchange for fish and shell necklaces. They are -queer-looking, dark brown people, with large heads, small, sharp, black -eyes, and long, jet-black hair hanging straight down over each shoulder. - -“A little girl, about three years old, ventures near the Captain, and -very great is the delight of all when she returns to her mother with -a bright-coloured cotton handkerchief round her shoulders. They are -much interested in us, and the keen, black eyes watch intently every -movement, while the water-casks are brought from the shore, and taken -from the small boat to the larger vessel. - -“I wonder how many of us keep a diary! There is one diary I know all of -us, yes every boy and girl and grown-up reader of this book, would very -much like to see. How tenderly we should turn over those storm-stained -pages! How lovingly we should gaze at the clear pencil hand-writing of -this wonderful diary! - -“Perhaps if we really did see and read it, some of us would be inspired -with feelings akin to those of a little girl of nine years old who went -home from a missionary meeting and wrote:--‘Mark xvi. 15 says: “Go ye -into all the world, and preach the Gospel to every creature.” This is -a commandment of my Saviour, to be obeyed by me as soon as I am old -enough.’ - -“More than fifty years ago, Captain Smyley, in command of the _John -Davidson_, sailed into Banner Cove. He was searching for a party of -seven missionaries to whom he had been sent with food and stores. He -found no Englishmen or native of the Land of Fire upon the seashore, -but painted on a rock he saw a notice: ‘Dig below.’ The crew landed, -and obeying the first two words, they dug up a bottle containing a -paper, on which was written: ‘We are gone to Spaniard’s Harbour.... We -have sickness on board: our supplies are nearly out, and if not soon -relieved we shall be starved out.’” - -With many misgivings they hastened to Spaniard’s Harbour. It was -then October, so seven months had passed since the notice had been -painted on the rocks. The first vessel sent to the help of the brave -missionaries had been wrecked. How had they fared during those months -of waiting? Had the help come too late? - -Yes, already that faithful band--our hero Captain Allen Gardiner, and -his six comrades--have all passed into the Happy Land where “they shall -hunger no more, neither thirst any more.” Sorrowful indeed was the -sight that awaited the searchers. A boat on the beach with a lifeless -body within; another lying not far off, washed to pieces by the waves; -another buried in a shallow grave upon the shore: all seven starved to -death. - -What was the effect of this martyrdom? Was it thought worth while for -others to risk their lives for the Fuegian Indians? The Rev. G. P. -Despard and his wife, when they heard of the facts, said: “With God’s -help, this good work shall go on.” And in a beautiful new schooner -called the _Allen Gardiner_, another mission party started for that -distant land. - -[Illustration: DUSKY DARLINGS] - -“It was decided to make Keppel Island, which is one of the Falkland -group, their headquarters. With much labour a house was built, and a -little mission-station and farm formed there. The intention was to try -and get two or three of the Fuegian natives to come and live with -them at Keppel, hoping to be able to learn the language from these -natives, whilst they taught them all the good and useful things they -could. - -“Many years before, a native, who was known by the name of Jimmy -Button, had been brought to England by Captain Fitzroy. When Jimmy -went back to his own country he was quite lost sight of by his English -friends. However, he was met with one day in his canoe by the party -from Keppel, and they found that he still remembered much of the -English he had learned. After being kindly treated by the missionaries, -and enjoying some of their coffee and bread and butter, he said he was -quite willing to go with his wife and three children to stay with them -for six months. - -“Jimmy Button and his family soon became quite at home upon the mission -farm. One of Jimmy’s boys, a bright, sharp, little lad of about eight -years, whom his father called ‘Threeboys,’ very quickly picked up -many English words; but they were all so shy about speaking their own -language before foreigners that they talked to each other in whispers, -which of course made it very difficult for the missionaries to learn -anything about the Fuegian language. When the six months were up Mr -Despard took all the Button family back to Woollya on the _Allen -Gardiner_.” - -Little by little grew the work amongst the Fuegian Indians, and -especially amongst the children, many of whom are orphans, now under -the missionaries’ care. - -There was one dear little Fuegian girl whom the missionaries named -Jessica--bright, loveable, quick, and good both at lessons and work. -She, with others, was taught many things, chief of which was the Bible. - -One day Jessica was nowhere to be seen. Morning passed away, afternoon -came, and then followed the evening, but still Jessica had not come -back. Weeks went by, and feeling sure she had been stolen, they ceased -to look out for her. - -In the middle of lessons one morning, a pair of arms was flung suddenly -round the missionary’s neck, and someone was showering her with kisses. -It was Jessica. - -“Where have you been? Why did you run away from school?” asked the lady -looking displeased at Jessica. - -Her eyes brimmed over with tears as she answered: “I went to fetch you -a present.” - -“A present!” echoed the teacher. - -“Come,” said Jessica, taking her hand, and leading her to a wood close -by. “There is the present I have brought you,” said Jessica; and -looking she saw eleven little naked, half-starved children, all bunched -together, and looking terrified at the white person. - -Having heard the Good News for herself, she loved the Lord Jesus so -much that she just longed for other children to hear of Him too. She -had journeyed for miles over rough woods with her bare feet, over -dangerous paths, and through streams of water, in order to bring others -to the Saviour. What a dear little brown missionary she was! For she is -now in the presence of the Lord. - -Another little Indian orphan, named Elsie, was being cared for by -the Rev. J. and Mrs Williams. Her father had died about seven years -previously, and her mother also passed away soon afterwards. Mrs -Williams took special charge of this bright little girl, but one day -several of Elsie’s Indian friends went off on a hunting tour, and took -her with them. - -Some time afterwards they returned, but without Elsie. What had become -of her? Was she lost or dead? Alas, no. Perhaps it would have been far -better if she were. “What have you done with Elsie?” And the reply was -that the Indians had sold her to a Spaniard! - -What was the price he paid for Elsie? Why, just a bag of flour, and a -bottle of gin! Months have passed, and still no Elsie. It is feared -that she cannot return if she would. Away from her tribe and from all -who love her; sold to a Spaniard who cares not for her; this poor -little jewel is living, redeemed with the precious blood of Christ, the -slave of a white man, but the child of the living God. - -Pray for such, and determine, like the little girl who went to the -missionary meeting, that your Saviour’s command to “go into all the -world” shall be obeyed by you as soon as you are old enough. - - - - -CHAPTER VII - -CHILIAN CHILDREN - - -If you look at a map of South America you will find a long, narrow -strip of country running north and south alongside of Argentina. Some -funny person has described this Republic of Chili as being 2000 miles -long and two inches wide! Long and narrow though it is, nevertheless -it is very rich in nitrates, so useful for cleansing and enriching the -soil. Gold, petroleum, and coal are also to be found there. - -Chili is very much like her sister Republics, both morally and -spiritually, and especially as regards dirt and disease. Smallpox is -rampant both in Santiago and Valparaiso, and people suffering from this -dreadful disease are actually to be seen walking about the streets. - -The “conventillos,” which are here only one storey high, are killing -grounds for children. Eight out of ten children die under two years of -age. Dr Speer says: “Alcoholism, dirt, and uncleanness of the houses, -and murderous ignorance of the care of children” are at the bottom of -this exceedingly high death-rate in Chili. So much for Chilians. - -Now a word as to the Araucanian Indians in the interior of that -Republic. They are semi-civilized, and a very superior tribe of people. -Though nominally under the Government of Chili, they are actually -independent of it, and are governed by their own laws. The Araucanians -are quite different in appearance, manners, and habits from other -Indians. As far as cleanliness goes, they are far in advance of the -Chilians themselves. - -“They are quite as proud, and as resentful of dishonour as the Red Man -of the North, and quite as brave in disposition; and, like the Red -Indians, they are open, free and generous, and form strong attachments -to those who gain their confidence, with equally strong hatred towards -those who do them wrong. They have coarse, black hair, and large -widespread noses. - -“The women are among the best looking in the entire country. They do -not marry at so early an age as the other Indians, and they do not -seem to be ever ill-treated by their husbands. They are fond of their -children and respectful to old age. - -“The religion of these people is much like that of the Red Indians. -They acknowledge a ‘Spirit’ who is the Author of, and Master over all.” - -Take your pen and underline three places on the map, viz.: “Temuco, -Cholcol, Quepe.” There the Mapuche Indians live, and amongst them -labour the missionaries of the South American Missionary Society. - -“Mapuche” means, “people of the land,” and a successful, spiritual work -is being carried on especially amongst the children. There are schools -for boys and girls at Quepe, also at Temuco, ten miles away; and at -Cholcol, a small Chilian town twenty-one miles from Temuco, there are -boarding-schools for boys and girls, day-schools, a dispensary, and a -church. - -Rev. G. Daunt says: “In the old days they were all clever hunters. -They could glide through the forest without making a sound, and could -imitate exactly the cries of various birds and beasts. They showed -great skill in following up a ‘trail,’ and could observe the slightest -movement of leaf or twig in the pursuit of prey or of an enemy. - -“Now, the Mapuche are losing their hunting habits, and are settling -down to a peaceable and industrious life, growing corn, and feeding -cattle. But in their games they still act as if scenting and following -up a trail. - -“The Indian boys and girls have to work as well. In the summer, when -the crops are ripening, the children are seen in the fields guarding -the sheep, cattle, horses, and pigs, so that these may not enter and -destroy the harvest. - -“The girls draw water from the wells and streams, and help their -mothers to make and mend the clothes they wear. The boys, with their -axes, form ploughs, and carts, and with their knives carve toys of wood -or cut belts and purses from the skins of animals into strange shapes.” - -Miss Wetherell gives a very interesting pen-picture of school-life with -the Mapuche boys and girls at Quepe:-- - -“The body of one of our schoolboys was committed to the grave. Poor -laddie, he came into the hospital about two years ago with a diseased -leg, which the doctor had to remove. His people, finding that he would -be unable to help in the farm work, promptly deserted him, so he was -kept on at the hospital, and during school time he was out here. He -got on very well with his lessons, but he never got really strong, -and eventually he had to return to the hospital, where he died. The -following morning we all went across to the little Mapuche Cemetery, -and buried him there. It must have seemed very strange to these Mapuche -boys and girls, this quiet Christian burial--the simple service, the -flowers strewn on the grave, and the hymn sung as the soil was being -shovelled in. - -“We have one Chilian boarder, a very nice gentle lad, whom we all -like very much, and we hope he will one day be a true Christian. He -saved the life of an Englishman in Argentina under quite romantic -circumstances; and his master, who is in England, wished to leave -him where he could be educated and treated kindly--so he is here. -At present his thoughts are chiefly occupied with football and his -lessons, football of course first. - -“One small mite announced to-day that she was going to ‘stay with the -Señora all the holidays.’ - -“‘But,’ said I, ‘you would not like to stay here and not go home at -all?’ - -“‘Oh, yes, I should,’ promptly answered little Fatty; ‘school is _much_ -nicer than being at home.’ - -“I imagine the little ones do sometimes find this the case, as they -do quite a lot of work in their homes. I remember one day teaching in -my Scripture class something about a mother’s love, and I asked the -children: ‘Now on cold, frosty mornings, when you are all cosily tucked -up in bed, who gets up to light the fire and get the breakfast?’ - -“Of course I expected them to say in a chorus: ‘My mother’; but instead -of that the answer came: ‘Why, my little brother, of course.’ - -“Last night, while most of the big ones were out at evening service, -the little ones and I had great times hymn-singing. Two or three quite -wee mites will sing alone, and it is wonderful how well they sing and -how many hymns they know by heart. The brother of one small person was -telling the native teacher that last holidays he built a new house for -himself, and invited all his relations to the house-warming, and when -the meal was over he said: ‘Now someone should sing a song. Who will -sing for me?’ - -“‘Fancy’ added he, ‘my surprise when my little sister, who did not know -a word of Spanish a few months ago, stood up before us and sang most -sweetly and correctly a hymn that she had learned at school!’ - -“Sometimes our little Mapuche friends fall sick, and then the small -patients are taken to Temuco, placed in the mission-hospital, and -nursed and tended by Dr Baynes and his splendid family. - -“At evening time, when the light begins to fail, the missionary turns -his horse homewards, and as he rides rapidly over the plain, here and -there the words of the vesper hymn sung by some Indian boy or girl are -wafted to him on the evening air:-- - - “‘Sun of my soul, Thou Saviour dear, - It is not night if Thou be near; - O may no earth-born cloud arise - To hide Thee from Thy servant’s eyes.’” - -There are “other lambs” in Chili who have yet to be sought out and -brought in. Some day you may be helping Christ to seek and find them. -In the meantime give the Mapuche children a place in your prayers, and -tell others about them. - - - - -CHAPTER VIII - -BOLIVIAN BAIRNS - - -Bolivia, the Hermit Republic of South America, is hidden away behind -the mighty Andes. It is the fourth country in the continent in point of -size, and a vast treasure house of silver and tin. - -More than half the inhabitants are pure-blooded Indians, degenerate -descendants of the valiant Inca race. - -The most interesting and useful animal to the Indian is the llama. He -will travel for miles without food or drink, over precipitous mountains -and rocky paths, carry his 100-lb. load, and not an ounce more; for if -you should happen to impose upon him he simply lies down on the path -and refuses to budge an inch. They are splendid “passive resisters,” -these llamas, and will have no nonsense from anyone, though, of -course, their Indian owners know better than to overburden their llamas -with superfluous luggage. - -The llama, known as “the Bolivian Railway,” can travel fifteen miles a -day. When he dies his flesh is eaten, but the Indian loves his animal -too well to kill him for food. - -“In many places the Indians are ill-treated, deceived, and robbed by -the white Spanish-speaking people. They are looked upon as mere brutes, -fit for nothing but work, instead of human beings with immortal souls. -They sometimes live together in villages, sometimes in isolated, quiet -nooks, or it may be in clusters of huts where there are two or three -families.” - -Each Indian has a few patches of ground for himself, and in exchange -for this cultivates a few acres of crops for his owner. He also has a -certain number of animals to care for, but this is mostly the work of -his wife and family. Little children of from four to five years of age -are supposed to be capable of driving a flock, and when a few years -older they are away on the hills all day alone with their flocks. - -One scarcely sees an Indian, either man or woman, altogether idle. If -they have no other occupation, they spin away at wool for the clothing -of their families. - -Though this is an open and very healthy climate there is much sickness -among the people, chiefly because they do not know how to take care -of themselves. It is very amusing to see what remedies they use for -inward and outward complaints. Dirt, feathers, and anything horrible -is the common ointment for sores or wounds. At a little ordinary warm -water they laugh. Through the ignorance of their mothers, children, -when sick, have a hard time. Some care very much, and would do anything -to save their children; but others, rather than have the trouble of -watching them, prefer that they should die, as a good many do. - -“It is the condition of the little children that calls forth most -sympathy and pity, and makes us long for the day when the True Light -shall shine into the hearts of the people. The majority, unloved and -uncared for, surrounded by dirt and disease, know nothing of the joys -of childhood, nor of the blessing of home life. - -“Mothers are continually seen carrying their babies, full of disease, -about the streets, and, what is worse, sitting in the market-places -selling meat and bread with their sick babies in their laps. Passing -along one day, a child was seen without a shred of clothing, yet with -its little body literally covered with smallpox.” - -Mr Will Payne, a pioneer missionary of Bolivia, says it is quite a -common thing to buy and sell children in this country. He tells of -three little girls who were purchased for £2 each, “and are held by -their owner until they reach the age of twenty-one, during which time -they are compelled to work in the house, receiving their food and -clothing in exchange. - -“If they fall into the hands of a kind master or mistress they have -an easy, happy time, and in a few cases are taught to read and write. -Should they, however, find a cruel owner, there is nothing to prevent -their suffering very much like the slaves of other days. - -“These children are sold by their parents when young, and sometimes -never know their father or mother. How often has blood been seen -flowing from the head of one of these girls, the result of a cruel blow -with a strap, because she did not move quickly enough.” - -A very sad story is told by one of the missionaries of the Bolivian -Indian Mission, of a little Indian boy. “His left forearm, and half -of left leg, are one mass of partially-healed ulcers. He tells us -how, over a year ago, he was caught and deliberately thrown into the -fire. His father had sold him to a neighbour, and one day, whilst -shepherding, he allowed some goats to fall over a cliff: then his -owner, in a fit of rage committed this inhuman act. - -“After a year of intense suffering, he was brought by his apathetic -father for treatment. But perhaps we ought not to blame the father too -much, as he is totally blind. However, the man who burned the boy was -compelled to pay the father a sum of 28s., and to release the boy. -After this the boy’s father sold him again, but the boy escaped, and is -now under treatment.” - -Such incidents happen daily, showing how inhuman and ignorant the -majority of the Indians are. The Roman Catholic religion has not -converted their hearts, the only change that has taken place has been -that of the religion and the idols. The hearts and lives that were dark -before, without the knowledge of Christ, have been plunged into deeper -gloom through the blighting influence of the Roman priesthood. - -Some of the Romish masses celebrated by the people are called the -“Little Masses for the Child Jesus.” These take place from Christmas -to the time of Carnival. Everybody who has an image of Christ as a -child is supposed to provide a feast during this time. A band of music -is procured, and the little image is decked out with pearls and gay -flowers, and carried to the Roman Catholic church, in front of a crowd -of neighbours. A mass is said, and then the figure is taken home amid -great rejoicing. Drinking, feasting, and dancing follow, and are kept -up until a late hour. - -On January 31st and February 1st the people prepare for Candlemas, -which takes place on the 2nd. They are taught by the priest that on -this day the children who have died without baptism can get a little -light. It is the feast of the mothers, and the priests tell the people -how necessary it is to come to church with their candles. - -“Do not be like so many pieces of stick; come and bring your candles, -and think of your poor dead children awaiting your candles to get some -light!” - -“So the next day the poor mothers come with their candles of all sorts -and sizes. Long candles, short candles, thin candles, thick candles. -What a mine of wealth for the priests the sale of this holy (!) grease -must be! - -“May God light the candle of each life in order that some day someone -who reads this may be able to show the Bolivian Bairns the way to -Heaven. Only the light that Christ gives is of any service to Him, and -to those who ‘sit in darkness and in the shadow of death.’” - -The Bolivian Indians do not have many children, as the poor mites, -through neglect and ill-treatment, die in hundreds every year, most of -them under two years of age. - -Another reason why Indians have such small families is that when the -children grow up to be twelve or thirteen years of age they marry and -have homes of their own. - -Mr and Mrs Will Payne did some splendid pioneer work amongst these -people before the liberty of preaching the Gospel was proclaimed in -the Republic. They suffered much persecution at the hands of the Roman -Catholics, but now missionary work can go forward without hindrance, -and to-day the South American Missionary Society is at work in Southern -Bolivia, while the Bolivian Indian Mission is ministering to the -Quechua-speaking remnant of the bygone Inca race. - -In writing of the children, one of the missionaries in San Pedro says -of the school work:-- - -“The school is open to all, and boys and girls of the white and -half-caste classes attend. (The Indians do not live in the town.) The -school opens every morning with the singing of a hymn, a Scripture -lesson and prayer, in all of which great interest is taken. Mother -earth constitutes the floor. The walls are of mud, and the ceiling -is of a rough thatching of rushes. For years the room served as a -cook-house, and knew neither chimney nor window, nor any other means of -exit for the smoke. - -“Nowadays two large holes in the wall, one shuttered, the other not, -admit light which reveals a blackness that water cannot cleanse. Two or -three geography maps gravely endeavour to hide the sooty walls, and, -aided by three mud seats that traverse the room, humbly announce that -this is Ch’iquipampa School-house.” - -Outside, mounted upon a pole which stands in the centre of the -“estancia” courtyard, is the school bell. For nearly a century it hung -in the belfry of a Roman Catholic chapel away out among the Bolivian -mountains. But it, too, has felt the impulse of modernism, and now -follows a reformed calling. - -The sun is the only time-keeper known in the “campo.” The only definite -hours are those of his rising and setting; therefore the bell sounds -the assemble at sunrise, and soon two or three groups of children, -enveloped in gay-coloured and picturesque ponchos, are seen leisurely -sauntering to obey the summons--perhaps. In they come at the open door, -doffing their “sombreros” (hats) respectfully enough, with a “Buenos -dias, Señor!” (“Good day, Sir”). - -Now we have before us seven or eight black heads, whose owners range -in age from five to fifteen years. There are really as many grades as -there are individuals. - -Modestly, seated farthest back is Haquin, a bright Indian lad. He came -to school early, and has already been a full half-hour hard at his -reading-book, for he must soon leave in order to take his father’s -cattle afield to pasture. Three months ago, he did not know a single -letter. Now he reads and writes fairly large words. - -Now slates, books, and pencils are served out, and for three long hours -our young Bolivians are under restraint. Lazy little Antonio raises -his slate high in air with both hands and yawns audibly. A tap on the -big, black head, and a quiet word, recall him to his task. During a -full half-hour he has written only one word, but Government forbids the -rod. - -The time has arrived for reading-lessons, and a whisper of appreciation -is heard, for reading from the “Spanish Reader” involves a lesson in -Spanish; and Indian and “Cholo” (half-caste) alike learn eagerly and -quickly the tongue of the ruling class. Confronted by Bolivia’s map, -a barely suppressed giggle ripples through the school. They think the -names of towns, rivers, and mountains are so foreign and funny! - -Arithmetic is useful, however, and all work diligently at this. Little -Manuel is the pride and joy of the school in this department. Three -months previously he could not write a single figure. Now, he adds and -subtracts and multiplies with great exactness. - -Now, at the words, “Slates down,” these articles reach the hard floor -with a rattle. Little Nieva draws her naked feet up on to the seat, -and arranges her “manta” with the air of a Turkish princess. Word goes -round, “The Jesus Book”; and a respectful silence prevails. Thank God, -for these wonderful stories of the Saviour. The children’s verdict -is: “Beautiful.” Thanks to Him for at least this small portion of the -Gospel of St John translated into Quechua. - -Now comes time for dismissal--with a respectful “Hasta mañana, Señor!” -(“Until to-morrow, Sir!”), or the Quechua “Ce’aya cama,” they file out, -soon to break forth into whistle and shout, just like the little folks -in the homeland. - -Our head is somewhat muddled with this two-language task of teaching -Quechua-speaking children from Spanish text-books. Some attend for -a week or two, and then come no more. The parents desire that they -should be educated, but confess to being powerless to persuade the -young folks to attend. - -Mr Grocott, of the Bolivian Indian Mission, having given such an -interesting account of the day-school work, Mrs Grocott now tells about -the Sunday-school. She says:-- - -“Could you visit our little school-room some Sunday morning, between -seven and eight o’clock, you would find a little gathering of from -twelve to twenty-five men, women, and children, representing the -whites, the half-castes, and the pure Indians. These are gathered to -learn about Jesus. They do not come because it is God’s Day, for Sunday -to them is as other days. No, they come because they like to come. - -“They have dirty faces, uncombed hair, and clothing which has not -been washed for many weeks. Not an attractive audience, is it? But -a missionary may not be critical. She has come to teach them to do -better, and one must always begin at the beginning. - -“The day-school children come to these meetings, as do some of the -parents. The Indians are rather shy at entering, and often prefer -listening at the window. Those who do come in look round for an -out-of-the-way corner, and, despising a seat, squat on the floor. One -day a young Indian came in and immediately knelt down bareheaded before -the blackboard, in an attitude of prayer. - -“At the time of his entering, the attention of those present was -centred upon the words written on the blackboard and he evidently -thought of worship. Being accustomed to kneel in the Roman Catholic -church before shrines and images, he was quite prepared to kneel to -anything that appeared to him to be the object of worship for the day. - -“Very few Indians can sing, but some of the half-castes do fairly well. -Several hymns have already been translated into Quechua.” - -Christ’s command to “heal the sick,” as well as to “teach” and “preach -the Gospel,” is being faithfully carried out as far as possible by the -missionaries to these benighted people. The healing of the body opens -the door to the healing of the soul. - -A Spanish doctor will not touch an Indian; and for this great work of -healing, the power of God is needed. - -There are very many villages in this hermit republic without a -missionary of any kind whatever. Come with me, and see for yourselves. -Here on a mud bed in a corner sits a poor woman amidst her rags. -A wound which she has had a long, long time has reduced her to a -skeleton. Beside her is a sickly-looking baby. Between her sobs she -tells us she has neither a home nor a husband. - -The tiny room, which serves as a living-room, bedroom, and cobbler’s -shop, is full from floor to ceiling. The floor is covered with -cooking-pots, ten altogether, “stones for grinding corn into meal, -great earthenware pots for making chicha (the native drink), old boots, -piles of potatoes and maize, bones, rags, and dirt--plenty of dirt. -From under the bed run guinea-pigs, whilst keeping the woman company in -bed are a dog and a pigeon! - -“Amidst old tins and bottles on the shelves we see San Antonio and the -Virgin. On the wall hangs a picture of what looks something like a -woman, the Virgin. A rope full of clothes stretches across the room, -and a few other odds and ends leave but little space, which is filled -up with smell.” - -This is what the missionary has to contend with, and as we emerge -into the sunshine, and breathe God’s air once more, we long to see a -large, airy building where the sick ones can be tended and nursed back -to health. Shall we not begin to pray: “Lord send out some of Thy -messengers, and some day, if it is Thy will, I will go and help them.” - - Coming, coming, yes they are, - Coming, coming from afar; - From beyond the Andine mountains, - From Bolivia’s mighty plains, - As they hear the Gospel story, - And are loosed from Satan’s chains. - - - - -CHAPTER IX - -PEARLS OF PERU - - -Last, but not least, we come to the most historical and romantic -Republic of the whole continent, Peru. This country was discovered by -an adventurer named Pizarro. He was a zealous Roman Catholic, but his -spirit of greediness over-balanced his religion, and the story of his -conquest of the Inca Indians of Peru, as related by Prescott, is one of -the darkest in history. - -Before the invasion of Pizarro and his fellow-countrymen, over four -hundred years ago, there lived a very highly-civilized race of Indians -who called themselves the “Children of the Sun.” They were a most -enlightened and industrious people, having their own king, as well as -their own laws and religion. - -Since the days of Pizarro and his followers everything has changed. The -king was slain with hundreds of his loyal subjects, and the Spaniards -took possession of the land. There you will see the Indians to-day, -living in spiritual darkness and superstition, scarcely able to call -their souls their own, a crushed and conquered remnant of a once -splendid race; and to-day “the children’s souls which God is calling -sunward, spin on blindly in the dark.” - -On the lonely mountain side we will find them, tiny mites of three and -four years of age, tending the sheep, and often very scantily protected -from the severe and biting winds. But the mountain children have an -easy time of it compared to the children of the city, for slavery and -starvation are the common lot of these little ones. - -We will visit Cuzco, the romantic and religious city of the Inca race; -but we must not forget to sprinkle our handkerchiefs with perfume, for -we have now got back to the hot climate, and the streets we are walking -through are long and narrow and have an open drain running down the -centre, a common thing in these cities. But if we would be missionaries -some day, we must not mind the smells now, especially as we want to -become acquainted with some of the “Pearls of Peru.” - -For a minute or two we pause and watch the children, who seem to swarm -everywhere. Some are playing at the nasty drain; no wonder these little -ones droop and die, for there is no friendly policeman to warn them -that this is a death trap! - -Where do they all come from? Does no one look after them? For they are -everywhere, in the road, on doorsteps, in the shops, round the booths -in the market-place, under the shadow of the Roman Catholic Cathedral; -scores of them, playing, sleeping, picking up scraps and eating them, -uncared for, and untaught. - -See! Who is this coming down the cobbly street, with a big, fat baby on -his back? Only an Indian boy, and not very much bigger than his baby -mistress. What a sad face he has; it does not attract us, for there -is a shade of bitterness about the mouth. His is a hard life--driven -to and fro by the whim of the baby’s mother; no thanks and no pay; -only beatings if he does not please her. An Indian slave! You look -surprised! But this is quite a common thing in Peru and other parts of -this continent. - - “Only an Indian slave! - A prey to his mistress’s whim, - Beaten, battered, and starved, - What does she care for him? - - ‘A soul, did you say, he possessed?’ - She laughs: ‘Why, he’s worse than a dog! - I purchased him, body and soul, - To scold, and to starve, and to flog.’ - - Only an Indian slave! - He may be in their esteem, - But his soul, with the price of blood, - Christ Jesus came down to redeem.” - - May the children of God go forth to proclaim - The loosening power of His wonderful Name. - -[Illustration: INDIAN SLAVE AND HIS BABY MISTRESS] - -In her fascinating book on “Peru,” Miss Geraldine Guinness says: “In -Arequipa there are three thousand of these little Indian slaves, -four-fifths of whom are cruelly treated, while the good treatment of -the remaining one-fifth, with rare exceptions, consists in the fact of -their not being brutally beaten, and not suffering much hunger. - -“I have heard the screams of child-servants not more than seven years -old, who were daily beaten by a bad-tempered mistress. I have seen -children ill and dying, for whom no one cared. I know a little girl of -seven, who, a few months ago, saw her mother’s dead body taken away to -the cemetery. Since that day she has minded the shop all alone, and -kept house for her father, who only comes home at nights, and who is -often away for weeks at a time.” - -Some years ago, when the maize crop failed, and there was a terrible -famine in the land, starvation stared the Indian mothers in the face. -What were they to do under such circumstances? They could not feed -their little ones, so the children were brought to the cities in -thousands, and sold for a few shillings or given away, to save the -mothers and other little ones in the mountain huts from starvation and -death. To-day it is not an uncommon thing to be accosted in the street -by an Indian woman, and to be asked to purchase her little girl or boy -for a few coins. - -The only British Missionary Society working in this vast republic of -Peru is the Evangelical Union of South America. Try and realize it; a -country half the size of China, and only a handful of missionaries to -proclaim the Gospel to these people. Take your pen and underline “Lima, -Cuzco, Huanuco, Arequipa, and Urco” (twenty-four miles out of Cuzco), -and you have the only centres of British missionary enterprise at the -present time. Let us visit these mission-stations and see for ourselves -what is being done for the children. - -Of all the cities in Peru, Lima is the most cosmopolitan. Visiting one -part of the town on the outskirts one might almost fancy we were in -China; at another spot everything is entirely negro, and some other -part appears to be under Turkish supervision. Here we jostle against -Peruvian priests, who do not attract us, American, English, and Italian -merchants, and people from almost every land under the sun. What a -medley! - -“The houses in Lima have no chimneys, they are one storey high, and -what windows there are facing into the street are barred, making the -houses look like prisons. The poorer parts of Lima consist largely of -‘conventillos’ similar to these in Argentina. They are often large, -sunny, open courtyards, and sometimes narrow alleys, always entered -by doors in the walls of the main streets, and surrounded by cell-like -rooms. - -“Every aspect of life may be seen in the central yard. There the -dinner is cooked, the baby bathed, the clothes washed, and the Virgin -worshipped. At every step one comes upon a child, and all appear -equally contented and uncared for. - -“Lima is in the centre of a region, not only free from rain, but where -earthquakes frequently occur, so that mud, cane, and plaster are used -for house-building purposes instead of stone. - -“Although it never rains in Lima, yet during the dry season, Peru’s -winter--June to September--the capital is enveloped in mist, which is -exceedingly disagreeable. For days and weeks the sun is invisible, and -a drizzle, not unlike a Scotch mist, makes the side-walks slippery, -and so permeates the air that the sheets on one’s bed are chill and -sticky.” - -Lima is the city where the Society’s printing-press is at work. Month -by month, the little silent messenger of the Gospel, _El Heraldo_, -is sent forth by post throughout Peru; and as postage is quite free, -you will see that every postman is thus a “colporteur.” Many other -things besides are printed, but _El Heraldo_ is the foremost message -proclaiming “pardon, peace, and power to hundreds whom the voice of the -preacher cannot reach.” - -Once more we find ourselves in Cuzco. Here several ladies of the -E.U.S.A. are to be seen at work. Miss Elder, Miss Pinn, Miss Found, and -Miss Trumper, are doing splendid service. - -Miss Elder reports that “many of the mothers, having gained confidence -in us, come again for advice and medicine for themselves and their -children.” Speaking of a case she visited, she says: “I had prepared a -nice basin of warm water, and was just ready to put ‘baby’ in for his -first bath, when two women rushed up, one on either side. Baby’s bath -was, to their way of thinking, not yet complete. One poured in alcohol, -and the other a large cupful of greasy soup. - -“On asking the reason of this, I was told it was to make baby strong! -So, with a smile and the remark that I had not heard of the custom, -I proceeded with my work. This took place in the house of one of the -upper-class people. - -“But I want to give you a peep into some of the poorer ‘homes.’ We were -conducted to a little shop where our patient lay on sheep-skins. Baby’s -wardrobe consisted only of a strawberry-coloured knitted vest and a -bonnet of royal blue! On another occasion, to reach my patient I passed -through two courtyards, and stepped down into a dark room. - -“There was no window. The light entered only through the doorway, -and the round hole in the wall through which the smoke was expected -to escape. The floor was alive with guinea-pigs running to and fro. -A few fowls were roosting in one corner, on sticks placed there for -the purpose, while a mother hen sheltered her brood of healthy chicks -in another. This patient had a bedstead, but it was composed of rough -irregular boards placed together like a raft. - -“In addition to the work in Cuzco we have to hold ourselves ready for -outside calls. I was summoned one day to Urco Farm, because of an -accident to Domingo, a little Chuncho Indian boy from the forests. I -left Cuzco at ten at night, on horseback. - -“Darkness and the roughness of the road hindered our progress, but -we arrived early in the morning. The boy had fallen from his horse, -cutting his face badly, while one eye was completely lost. We gave him -chloroform and put in five stitches, and the little chap soon got well -again. - -“Urco Farm is about five hundred miles from the coast. For the first -one hundred miles it is desert, and the rest of the way beautiful -valleys. The climate is grand. The farm is so large that it would take -many days to see over it all. There is abundance of fruit, with large -quantities of vegetables such as we have here at home. There are horses -for riding, oxen for work, and mules, donkeys and llamas for carrying -goods. There are cattle for meat, and sheep also; for milk and butter -there are goats.” - -There are no roads here, but just mountain trails. Everything is -carried on llamas and mules, while you would ride on a horse. - -There are over two hundred Indians on the farm, and the Mission is -hoping to establish an Orphanage here, like the one at Sao Paulo in -Brazil, only much larger. Mr Ganton says:-- - -“Down this valley to the Amazon, and thence to the Atlantic, over three -thousand miles, we know of no missionary! Within our reach are possibly -ten tribes of Indians untouched even by Romanism. In our own valley -there are probably forty thousand people. - -“We have some fine boys, and the Indians are very interesting. Mrs -Stockwell is glad to have her little school. The boys are quite apt at -learning texts. Almost any night we can hear them spelling out passages -from the New Testament by candle-light in their little rooms. - -“Our farm work is very interesting, also our people. One soon learns to -have a real love for them. It is hard for the Indian to understand why -anyone should treat him kindly without a selfish motive.” - -For the school work the Indian children are gathered together in the -evenings and taught. They attend willingly and gladly. “The scholars -are all ages and sizes, from the ragged little Indian of six upwards. -There are some very promising children in the school, and we hope -that some day they will become messengers of the Gospel to their own -people in the remote villages. Every day we see more the need of the -Orphanage, where the children will be under our direct influence. We -have four already living in the house, and what a difference we see -compared to those outside! - -“Mrs Stockwell is just in her glory with the children, and is -completely devoted to her school. She is at work from early morning -until bedtime, and always making clothing for the children. - -“Day-school work among native children in Lima is a very special -feature. This was begun in 1913, and a Scripture lesson was always -included in the day’s teaching. It is being proved here, as in -Argentina and elsewhere, that not only does the day-school deliver -the Sunday-school scholars from annoyance, persecution, and priestly -instruction, but it is also an excellent feeder for the Sunday-school, -at which the attendance marked a great improvement in numbers and -steadiness. - -“Under the very able superintendence and help of Mrs Millham, there are -two native mistresses, who have been associated with the Church for -some long time.” - -This school work amongst the native children of Lima has been laid -upon the workers of the Evangelical Union of South America as a sacred -burden. It is their privilege--not only in Peru but in the other -Republics in which they work--to lift the child out of its ignorance, -and to teach it to know Christ the Friend of little children, to know -the world and all that pertains to it, and to know its own heart. - -We will not proceed any further in our wanderings, for in Ecuador, -Colombia, Venezuela, and Panama the same sad condition of things -prevails. - -We have heard, not unmoved I trust, the wail of the Indian children -in the forests of Peru and Brazil, and have seen them in the Amazon -valley. We have watched them with painful interest and concern -in the streets of the various cities, children of all colours and -nationalities, and yet all of one blood with us, who call for our -sympathies, our prayers, our gifts, and above all, our love. They call -to us out of their deep need from the Land of Opportunity. - - - - - SOME NOTABLE BOOKS - ON FOREIGN MISSIONS - FROM THE CATALOGUE OF - OLIPHANT, ANDERSON & FERRIER - - 100 PRINCES STREET, EDINBURGH - 21 PATERNOSTER SQUARE, LONDON - - -A HISTORY OF MISSIONS IN INDIA. By JULIUS RICHTER, D.D. Translated -by SYDNEY H. MOORE, Master in the School for Sons of Missionaries, -Blackheath. Demy 8vo, with map 10s 6d - - “Will be indispensable to all students of Indian Missions. It is - singularly interesting.”--_London Quarterly Review._ - -THE PEN OF BRAHMA. Peeps into Hindu Hearts and Homes. By BEATRICE M. -HARBAND, Author of “Daughters of Darkness in Sunny India,” etc. Large -crown 8vo, cloth extra, with Illustrations 3s 6d _net_ - -HOLY HIMALAYA. The Religion, Traditions, and Scenery of the Provinces -of Kumaun and Garhwal. By the REV. E. S. OAKLEY, of the London -Missionary Society, Almora, Northern India. With 16 full-page -Illustrations. Large crown 8vo, cloth extra 5s _net_ - -DAYLIGHT IN THE HAREM. Papers on Present-day Reform Movements, -Conditions, and Methods of Work among Moslem Women read at the Lucknow -Conference, 1911. Edited by ANNIE VAN SOMMER, A. DE SELINCOURT and S. -M. ZWEMER, D.D., F.R.G.S. Illustrated, crown 8vo, cloth 3s 6d _net_ - -CHILDREN OF CEYLON. By THOMAS MOSCROP. (The Children’s Missionary -Series.) Large crown 8vo, with eight Coloured Illustrations, cloth - 1s 6d _net_ - -THE MOSLEM DOCTRINE OF GOD. A Treatise on the Character and Attributes -of Allah according to the Koran and Orthodox Tradition. By SAMUEL M. -ZWEMER, Author of “Arabia, the Cradle of Islam.” 2s 6d _net_ - - “A piece of earnest thinking and writing.”--_Spectator._ - -THE GREAT RELIGIONS OF INDIA. By J. MURRAY MITCHELL, M.A., LL.D. Large -crown 8vo, with Map and Complete Index 5s _net_ - - “There was room for a good book on the Religions of India, and the - task of writing it could not have fallen into more competent hands - than those of the veteran missionary Dr Murray Mitchell, who only a - few months ago died in his ninetieth year, after a brilliant record - of life-long experience of mission work in India.”--_Aberdeen Daily - Journal._ - -MOSAICS FROM INDIA: Talks about India, its Peoples, Religions, and -Customs. By MARGARET B. DENNING. Large crown 8vo, art cloth decorated, -ith 28 illustrations 6s - - “Of thrilling interest.”--_Spectator._ - - “One of the most readable and instructive volumes on India it has - ever been our privilege to read.”--_Aberdeen Journal._ - -VILLAGE WORK IN INDIA. Pen Pictures from a Missionary’s Experience. By -NORMAN RUSSELL, of the Canada Presbyterian Church, Central India. Crown -8vo, art cloth, with 8 full-page Illustrations 3s 6d - - “This book is literature. There is a noble work to describe, and it - is described nobly.”--_Expository Times._ - -FROM ZOROASTER TO CHRIST: An Autobiographical Sketch of the Rev. -DHANJIBHAI NAUROJI, the first modern Convert to Christianity from the -Zoroastrian Religion, With Introduction by the Rev. D. MACKICHAN, D.D., -LL.D., Missionary of the United Free Church of Scotland, Bombay. With -Portrait and other Illustrations. Large crown 8vo, cloth extra 2s - - “It has a charm of its own, and wins the reader to an affectionate - regard for this pure and saintly servant of Christ. Dr Mackichan has - written a fitting Introduction and a tender Epilogue. It is in many - ways a unique book, and should be in every missionary library and - read in every missionary household.”--_U.F. Church Monthly._ - -THE EDUCATION OF THE WOMEN OF INDIA. By M. G. 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Large crown 8vo, cloth extra 5s _net_ - - A satisfactory account of the Earliest Religion of China can be - found nowhere at present except in a voluminous work by de Groot. - Students of Comparative Religion will undoubtedly be grateful for - the publication of this exceedingly valuable book, and there are - missionaries and many others who will find it very serviceable. - -THE MARVELLOUS STORY OF THE REVIVAL IN MANCHURIA. Transcribed by JOHN -ROSS, D.D., from the letters of the Rev. JAMES WEBSTER. With Portraits - 6d _net_ - -THE LORE OF CATHAY; or, the Intellect of China. In five parts, Arts and -Science, Literature, Philosophy and Religion, Education, History. By -the Rev. W. A. P. MARTIN, D.D., LL.D., Author of “A Cycle of Cathay,” -etc. 10s 6d - - “‘The time,’ writes Dr Martin, ‘is not, I trust, far distant when the - language of China will find a place in all our principal seats of - learning, and when her classic writers will be known and appreciated. - Nothing should tend more to hasten the advent of that time than the - broad sympathy, informed with knowledge, which enables writers like - Dr Martin to show how much of human interest attaches to “The Lore of - Cathay.”’”--_The Times._ - -EAST OF THE BARRIER; or, Side Lights on the Manchuria Mission. By -the Rev. J. MILLER GRAHAM, Missionary of the United Free Church of -Scotland, Moukden, Manchuria. Crown 8vo, with Illustrations and Map - 3s 6d - - “A book which takes rank among the most interesting, practical, - and well-informed books of missionary travel which has appeared - of late years. A series of excellent photographs gives additional - charm to a book which holds the interest from the first page to the - last.”--_Sunday School Chronicle._ - -THE HEATHEN HEART: An Account of the Reception of the Gospel among the -Chinese of Formosa. By CAMPBELL N. MOODY, M.A. Large crown 8vo, cloth -extra, with Illustrations 3s 6d _net_ - - “The most illuminating book on missions I have ever read.”--Rev. W. - M. CLOW. - -THE SAINTS OF FORMOSA: Life and Worship in a Chinese Church. By -CAMPBELL N. MOODY, M.A., Author of “The Heathen Heart.” Large crown -8vo, cloth extra, with ten Illustrations 3s 6d _net_ - - “A charming book.... When Mr Moody tells us of the missionary side of - his experience he is not less interesting than when he speaks of more - general subjects.”--_The Spectator._ - -FROM FAR FORMOSA: The Island, its People and Missions. By GEORGE LESLIE -MACKAY, D.D. New and Cheaper Edition, large crown 8vo, art canvas -binding. With four Maps and sixteen Illustrations 5s - - “One of the most interesting books on missions we have ever come - across.”--_Glasgow Herald._ - -CHILDREN OF WILD AUSTRALIA. By HERBERT PITTS. (The Children’s -Missionary Series.) Large crown 8vo, with eight Coloured Illustrations, -cloth 1s 6d _net_ - -CHILDREN OF BORNEO. By EDWIN H. GOMES, M.A. (The Children’s Missionary -Series.) Large crown 8vo, with eight Coloured Illustrations, cloth - 1s 6d _net_ - -CHILDREN OF JAMAICA. By Mrs ISABEL C. M’LEAN. (The Children’s -Missionary Series.) Large crown 8vo, with eight Coloured Illustrations, -cloth extra 1s 6d _net_ - -CHILDREN OF JAPAN. By JANET HARVEY KELMAN, Author of “Children of -India.” (The Children’s Missionary Series.) Large crown 8vo, with eight -Coloured Illustrations, cloth extra 1s 6d _net_ - -THE GIST OF JAPAN. The Islands; their People and Missions. By the -Rev. R. B. PEERY, A.M., Ph.D. Large crown 8vo, art canvas, with eight -full-page Illustrations 5s - - “This is an interesting and honest book, and its statements gain - by its extreme candour, as well as palpable sincerity of the - writer.”--_Standard._ - -KOREAN SKETCHES. A Missionary’s Observations in the Hermit Nation. By -the Rev. JAMES S. GALE. Crown 8vo, cloth extra, with eight Illustrations - 3s 6d - - “The author of ‘Korean Sketches’ has gone in and out among the people - for nine years. He has done so, moreover, as his book shows, in the - kind of temper which qualifies a man to see what is best in a strange - and very little understood race.” - -IN AFRIC’S FOREST AND JUNGLE. By R. H. STONE. Crown 8vo, cloth extra, -illustrated 3s 6d - - “A welcome contribution to missionary literature. The illustrations - are numerous and good.”--_Christian._ - -DAWN IN THE DARK CONTINENT. By JAMES STEWART, M.D., D.D., Lovedale. -Demy 8vo, handsome binding, with nine Coloured Maps and Portrait of the -Author 6s _net_ - - “We have no hesitation in saying that Dr Stewart’s book will have - permanent value as a standard history of African missions, and its - excellent maps by Bartholomew give a praiseworthy completeness to its - unity.”--_Pall Mall Gazette._ - -DAYBREAK IN LIVINGSTONIA. The Story of the Livingstonia Mission, -British Central Africa. By JAMES W. JACK, M.A. Revised, with an -Introductory Chapter, by Rev. ROBERT LAWS, M.D., D.D. Large crown 8vo, -canvas binding, with Map, a Plan of Livingstonia Institution, and many -other Illustrations 5s - - “We have no hesitation in saying that this is one of the best - missionary histories we have ever read.”--_Glasgow Herald._ - -AN AFRICAN GIRL: The Story of Ma Eno. By BEATRICE W. WELSH, Missionary -in Old Calabar. With eight full-page Illustrations. Large crown 8vo, -cloth extra 1s 6d - - “This book is interestingly written, and will, we doubt not, go - far to accomplish its object, which is to interest children--and - others--in the children of Nigeria.”--_The Outposts._ - -CALABAR AND ITS MISSION. By Rev. HUGH GOLDIE. New Edition, with -Additional Chapters by the Rev. JOHN TAYLOR DEAN. Large crown 8vo, -cloth extra, with Map and fourteen new Illustrations 5s - - “Mr Goldie has an interesting story to tell of the place, of its - people, and of the mission work that has been carried on there. It is - a story which the opponents of missionary enterprise can hardly get - over.”--_Spectator._ - -AMONG THE WILD NGONI. Being Chapters from the History of the -Livingstonia Mission in British Central Africa. By W. A. ELMSLIE, M.B., -C.M., Medical Missionary. With an Introduction by LORD OVERTOUN. Crown -8vo, cloth extra, with Illustrations and Portraits 3s 6d - - “In this volume he has at once done a real service to missions, and - has made a most valuable and interesting addition to the fast-growing - literature of Central Africa.”--_The Times._ - -CHILDREN OF EGYPT. By L. CROWTHER, Old Cairo. (The Children’s -Missionary Series.) Large crown 8vo, with eight Coloured Illustrations, -cloth 1s 6d _net_ - -THE ANGEL OPPORTUNITY. By JESSIE F. HOGG. Author of “The Story of the -Calabar Mission.” With Frontispiece from a Pencil Sketch by H. C. -PRESTON MACGOUN, R.S.W. Crown 8vo, cloth extra 2s 6d - - This is the story of a missionary’s family sent home for education, - and is full of humorous and pathetic incidents, in the experience - of a little girl, in her desire to discover and influence the home - heathen among whom she found herself. - -DAVID LIVINGSTONE. By T. BANKS MACLACHLAN. Post 8vo, art canvas - 1s _net_ - - “It has been an unmixed pleasure to read this life of David - Livingstone. The book is interesting from first to last, and gives - a vivid picture of a rare character.”--_Madras Christian College - Magazine._ - -MUNGO PARK. By T. BANKS MACLACHLAN. Post 8vo, art canvas 1s _net_ - - “We owe to Mr Maclachlan not only a charming life-story, if at - times a pathetic one, but a vivid chapter in the romance of Africa. - Geography has no more wonderful tale than that dealing with the - unravelling of the mystery of the Niger.”--_Leeds Mercury._ - -CHILDREN OF AFRICA. By JAMES B. BAIRD, Church of Scotland Mission, -Blantyre, Author of “Nyono at School and at Home.” (The Children’s -Missionary Series.) Large crown 8vo, with eight Coloured Illustrations, -cloth extra 1s 6d _net_ - - “Boys and girls who read what Mr Baird says will have a vivid picture - of African life in their memories, and will see how blessed is the - light the Gospel carries to their black sisters and brothers in the - Dark Continent.”--_Presbyterian Messenger._ - -AN ARTISAN MISSIONARY ON THE ZAMBESI. Being the Life Story of WILLIAM -THOMSON WADDELL. By Rev. JOHN MACCONNACHIE, M.A. Large crown 8vo, -illustrated 1s 6d _net_ - - “It is a moving account of unselfish heroism for the sake of Christ, - and Mr MacConnachie has told it in a way that will impress the reader - afresh with the splendid, unassuming courage of their rank and file - in Christian missions.”--_British Weekly._ - -ARABIA: The Cradle of Islam. By Rev. S. M. ZWEMER, F.R.G.S. Studies in -the Geography, People, and Politics of the Peninsula; with an account -of Islam and Missionary Work. Demy 8vo, canvas binding, with Maps and -numerous Illustrations from Drawings and Photographs 7s 6d - - “The best book on Arabia from every point of view--scientific, - literary, and missionary. It is well illustrated, especially by - such maps as Ptolemy’s, Niebuhr’s, Palgrave’s and plans of Mecca, - Medina, besides maps of Arabia as it now is, and of the islands of - Bahrein.”--_The Scottish Geographical Magazine._ - -CHILDREN OF ARABIA. By the Rev. JOHN C. YOUNG, M.A., M.B., C.M., SHEIKH -OTHMAN, Aden. (The Children’s Missionary Series.) Large crown 8vo, with -8 Coloured Illustrations, cloth extra 1s 6d _net_ - -WITH THE TIBETANS IN TENT AND TEMPLE. Narrative of Four Years’ -Residence on the Tibetan Border and of a Journey into the Far Interior. -By SUSIE CARSON RIJNHART, M.D. Large crown 8vo, cloth extra, gilt top, -with fourteen Illustrations. Fourth Edition 6s - -CHILDREN OF PERSIA. By Mrs NAPIER MALCOLM. (The Children’s Missionary -Series.) Large crown 8vo, with eight Coloured Illustrations, cloth - 1s 6d _net_ - - “A charming book for children. The life and surroundings of - child-life in Persia are described with sympathy and insight. The - young reader is carried through a very strange world of fascinating - interest.”--_Missionary Record of the U.F. Church of Scotland._ - -CONSTANTINOPLE AND ITS PROBLEMS. Its Peoples, Customs, Religions, and -Progress. By HENRY OTIS DWIGHT, LL.D. Large crown 8vo, art linen, gilt -top, with 12 Illustrations 6s - -JERUSALEM THE HOLY. A Brief History of Ancient Jerusalem; with an -Account of the Modern City and its Conditions, Political, Religious, -and Social. By EDWIN SHERMAN WALLACE. Demy 8vo, cloth extra, with 15 -Illustrations and 4 Maps 7s 6d - -MISSIONS IN EDEN. By Mrs CROSBY H. WHEELER. Crown 8vo, cloth extra, -illustrated 3s 6d - -CHILDREN OF LABRADOR. By MARY L. DWIGHT. (The Children’s Missionary -Series.) Large crown 8vo, with eight Coloured Illustrations, cloth - 1s 6d _net_ - -THE CROSS OF CHRIST IN BOLO LAND. A Record of Missionary Effort in the -Philippines. By JOHN MARVIN DEAN. Crown 8vo, illustrated 3s 6d - - “This book should be widely read throughout the country. It is worth - more than a bale of newspaper print. The author is a competent and - credible witness of what he has seen in the Philippines. He has done - good service there.”--_The Outlook._ - -WITNESSES FROM ISRAEL. Life Stories of Jewish Converts to Christianity. -Edited by Rev. ARNOLD FRANK, Hamburg. Translated from the German by Mrs -A. FLEMING, with Recommendatory Note by Rev. PROFESSOR NICOL, D.D., -Convener of the Jewish Committee of the Church of Scotland. Crown 8vo, -cloth extra 1s 6d - -THE TRANSFORMATION OF HAWAII: How Fifty Years of Mission Work gave -a Christian Nation to the World. Told for Young People. By BELLE M. -BRAIN. Crown 8vo, art linen, illustrated 3s 6d - - “Much is said against missions, sometimes in ignorance, sometimes - from mistaken conviction, and not seldom, it is to be feared, from - dislike of Christian morality; but the contrast between the Hawaii - which Cook discovered, and still more the Hawaii of forty odd years - of relations with white visitors, before the missionaries came, and - the Hawaii of 1870, is not lightly to be put aside.”--_Spectator._ - -SIGN OF THE CROSS IN MADAGASCAR. By the Rev. J. J. KILPIN FLETCHER. -Crown 8vo, cloth extra, with numerous Illustrations 3s 6d - - “To many readers the story of the evangelisation of Madagascar is a - new one, but if they will add this charming book to their missionary - library, they will then know the wonderful story of the work of God - in these islands.”--_Illustrated Missionary News._ - -PERSIAN LIFE AND CUSTOMS. With Scenes and Incidents of Residence and -Travel in the Land of the Lion and the Sun. By S. G. WILSON, M.A., -Fifteen Years a Missionary in Persia. Second Edition, demy 8vo, cloth -decorated, gilt top, with Map and Illustrations 7s 6d - -THE NEW ERA IN ASIA. By GEORGE SHERWOOD EDDY. With Introduction by Dr -JOHN R. MOTT. Crown 8vo, cloth 3s 6d _net_ - - “Messrs Oliphant, Anderson & Ferrier have just published a very - stimulating book, entitled ‘The New Era in Asia.’ It shows as in a - flash, and with astonishing vividness and colour, the astonishing - changes which have of late come over Asia. It is written by a man who - knows at first hand all the lands from Constantinople to Peking, and - who is specially in touch with its young intellectual life.”--_Public - Opinion._ - -CHRISTIAN MISSIONS AND SOCIAL PROGRESS. A Sociological Study of Foreign -Missions. By the Rev. JAMES S. DENNIS, D.D., Author of “Foreign -Missions after a Century.” In 3 volumes, royal 8vo, cloth extra. -Vol. I., with upwards of 100 full-page reproductions of Original -Photographs, price 10s _net_. Vol. II., with 80 do., price 10s _net_. -Vol. III., price 10s _net_ - - “Dr Dennis treats the whole subject of ethics and of social order - generally with great minuteness and in a most instructive way. - He has done an inestimable service to the mission cause in so - doing.”--_Spectator._ - -OUTLINE OF A HISTORY OF PROTESTANT MISSIONS FROM THE REFORMATION TO THE -PRESENT TIME. A Contribution to Modern Church History, by G. WARNECK, -D.D. Translated from the Eighth Edition by arrangement with the Author, -and revised by GEORGE ROBSON, D.D. Demy 8vo, cloth extra, with Portrait -and Maps 10s 6d - - “It is a noble book, powerfully written, and throbbing with the - spirit of zeal and devotion, a book that must be read by all who - desire to master the missionary problem, to understand it in the - past, and to be prepared for its future evolution and development in - the world.”--_Methodist Magazine and Review._ - -A HISTORY OF PROTESTANT MISSIONS IN THE NEAR EAST. By JULIUS RICHTER, -D.D., Author of “A History of Protestant Missions in India.” Demy 8vo, -cloth extra 10s 6d - - “This book on Missions in the Near East should be in every missionary - library. It is comprehensive, well informed, and fair, and is written - with spiritual insight.”--_U.F.C. Monthly Record._ - -THE EXPLORATION OF EGYPT AND THE OLD TESTAMENT. A Summary of Results -obtained by Exploration in Egypt up to the Present Time, with a -fuller account of those bearing on the Old Testament. By J. GARROW -DUNCAN, B.D., Blackie Scholar, 1894-5; Interim-Director of Excavations -at Nuffar, 1895-6; Wilson Archæological Fellow (Abdn.), 1905-6; -Joint-Author with Dr Flinders Petrie of “Hyksos and Israelite Cities,” -1906. With 100 Illustrations from Photographs. Large crown 8vo, cloth -extra 5s _net_ - - “The volume possesses the necessary combination of fulness - of knowledge and untechnicality necessary to give it a large - circulation.”--_Expository Times._ - -FOREIGN MISSIONS AFTER A CENTURY. By Rev. JAMES S. DENNIS, D.D., of -the American Presbyterian Mission, Beirut, Syria, with Introduction -by Professor T. M. LINDSAY, D.D., Convener of the Foreign Missions -Committee of the Free Church of Scotland. Extra crown 8vo, cloth 5s - - “Dr Dennis gives us a clear, impartial survey of the present aspect - of Foreign Missions all over the world. Many important points are - dealt with, and the reader will find himself correctly informed on - many subjects concerning which he may have been in doubt. Dr Dennis - writes as one who has seen and therefore knows, and, as we read, we - feel that we are in the regions of plain facts, free from any of - the romance which want of knowledge sometimes causes.”--_China’s - Millions._ - -THE RESURRECTION GOSPEL: A Study of Christ’s Great Commission. By JOHN -ROBSON, D.D. Large crown 8vo, cloth 5s _net_ - - “While the Great Commission is commanding a constantly increasing - share of the Church’s thought and activity, I have felt that there - is still the want of a connected study of all the records of it - contained in the Gospels and Acts, and unless these be studied - together its full scope and completeness cannot be realised.”--_From - the Preface._ - -THE LIVING FORCES OF THE GOSPEL. Experiences of a Missionary in -Animistic Heathendom. By JOH. WARNECK, Lic. Theol., Superintendent of -Missions. Authorised Translation from the Third German Edition by the -Rev. NEIL BUCHANAN. Demy 8vo, cloth extra 5s _net_ - -THE APPEAL OF MEDICAL MISSIONS. By R. FLETCHER MOORSHEAD, M.B., -F.R.C.S., Secretary to the Medical Auxiliary of the Baptist Missionary -Society and Baptist Zenana Mission. Cloth 2s 6d _net_ - -MEDICAL MISSIONS: Their Place and Power. By the late JOHN LOWE, -F.R.C.S.E., Secretary of the Edinburgh Medical Missionary Society. -With introduction by Sir WILLIAM MUIR, K.C.S.I., LL.D., D.C.L. Fifth -Edition, with Portraits. Crown 8vo, cloth extra 2s 6d - -CHRISTIANITY AND THE PROGRESS OF MAN: As Illustrated by Modern -Missions. By W. DOUGLAS MACKENZIE, M.A. Large crown 8vo, cloth extra - 3s 6d - -THE BIBLE A MISSIONARY BOOK. By Rev. R. F. HORTON, D.D. Crown 8vo, -cloth extra. Cheap Edition 1s _net_ - -BIBLIOGRAPHY FOR MISSIONARY STUDENTS. Compiled for the Board of Study -for Preparation of Missionaries. Containing Lists of Books suitable for -Missionary Students on all subjects pertaining to their study, such -as Religions, Missions, Geography, Languages, Phonetics, etc. Paper -covers, 1s _net_; cloth 1s 6d _net_ - -MISSIONARY COLLEGE HYMNS. Being Hymns Oriental, Missionary, and -Devotional, sung in the Women’s Missionary College, Edinburgh. Compiled -and Arranged by ANNIE S. SMALL. Cloth 4s 6d _net_ - - - OLIPHANT, ANDERSON & FERRIER - EDINBURGH AND LONDON - - - - -FOOTNOTE: - -[A] This chapter is mainly quoted from _How the S.A.M.S. Began_, by -Alice M. Bakewell, to whom I express my deep gratitude. - - - - -TRANSCRIBER’S NOTES: - -Pages 9 and 10 are missing in the original. - -Italicized text is surrounded by underscores: _italics_. - -Obvious typographical errors have been corrected. - -Inconsistencies in hyphenation have been standardized. - -*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CHILDREN OF SOUTH AMERICA *** - -***** This file should be named 64105-0.txt or 64105-0.zip ***** -This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: - https://www.gutenberg.org/6/4/1/0/64105/ - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will -be renamed. - -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United -States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. 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