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diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d7b82bc --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitattributes @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +*.txt text eol=lf +*.htm text eol=lf +*.html text eol=lf +*.md text eol=lf diff --git a/LICENSE.txt b/LICENSE.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6312041 --- /dev/null +++ b/LICENSE.txt @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +This eBook, including all associated images, markup, improvements, +metadata, and any other content or labor, has been confirmed to be +in the PUBLIC DOMAIN IN THE UNITED STATES. + +Procedures for determining public domain status are described in +the "Copyright How-To" at https://www.gutenberg.org. + +No investigation has been made concerning possible copyrights in +jurisdictions other than the United States. Anyone seeking to utilize +this eBook outside of the United States should confirm copyright +status under the laws that apply to them. diff --git a/README.md b/README.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1d24bf5 --- /dev/null +++ b/README.md @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +Project Gutenberg (https://www.gutenberg.org) public repository for +eBook #64105 (https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/64105) diff --git a/old/64105-0.txt b/old/64105-0.txt deleted file mode 100644 index e770d1a..0000000 --- a/old/64105-0.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,3259 +0,0 @@ -The Project Gutenberg eBook of Children of South America, by Katharine A. -Hodge - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and -most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms -of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you -will have to check the laws of the country where you are located before -using this eBook. - -Title: Children of South America - -Author: Katharine A. Hodge - -Release Date: December 22, 2020 [eBook #64105] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: UTF-8 - -Produced by: D A Alexander, David E. Brown, and the Online Distributed - Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This file was - produced from images generously made available by The Internet - Archive) - -*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CHILDREN OF SOUTH AMERICA *** - - - - -CHILDREN OF SOUTH AMERICA - - - - -_Oliphant’s Other Lands Series_ - - - CHILDREN OF CHINA - By C. CAMPBELL BROWN - - CHILDREN OF INDIA - By JANET HARVEY KELMAN - - CHILDREN OF AFRICA - By JAMES B. BAIRD - - CHILDREN OF ARABIA - By JOHN CAMERON YOUNG - - CHILDREN OF JAMAICA - By ISABEL C. MACLEAN - - CHILDREN OF JAPAN - By JANET HARVEY KELMAN - - CHILDREN OF EGYPT - By L. CROWTHER - - CHILDREN OF CEYLON - By THOMAS MOSCROP - - CHILDREN OF PERSIA - By MRS NAPIER MALCOLM - - CHILDREN OF BORNEO - By EDWIN H. GOMES - - CHILDREN OF LABRADOR - By MARY LANE DWIGHT - - CHILDREN OF SOUTH AMERICA - By KATHARINE A. HODGE - - -[Illustration: A MAPUCHE INDIAN MOTHER AND HER BABY] - - - - - CHILDREN OF - SOUTH AMERICA - - BY - - KATHARINE A. HODGE - - [Illustration] - - WITH EIGHT ILLUSTRATIONS IN COLOUR - - OLIPHANTS LD. - 100 PRINCES STREET, EDINBURGH - 21 PATERNOSTER SQUARE, LONDON, E.C. - - - - -[Illustration] - - - Printed in Great Britain by Turnbull & Spears, Edinburgh - Bound by Anderson & Ferrier, St Marys, Edinburgh - - - - -INTRODUCTION - -BY THE REV. ALAN EWBANK - -_Secretary of the South American Missionary Society_ - - -I have read through with great interest the manuscript of this little -book, and can say of those parts of South America which it has been -my privilege to visit that Mrs Hodge writes as one who has personal -knowledge of the various mission stations. I trust that her words will -not only reach the children, but also all who love children, that what -little is being done to make their lot brighter may be strengthened, -and much more undertaken, so that where now there are superstition and -darkness there may be knowledge and light. - -For the natural world, God said: “Let there be light, and there _was_ -light.” - -For the spiritual world, Jesus said: “I am the Light”; and because -He meant to work through us, He also said: “YE are the light of the -world.... Let your light so shine before men that they may see your -good works, and glorify your Father which is in heaven.” - - _November 1915_ - - - - -FOREWORD - - -MY DEAR YOUNG FRIENDS, - -This little book has been written expressly for you, to whom South -America is an entirely new field. On this account I feel it is -necessary to devote Chapter I. to the continent itself before -proceeding to acquaint you with its youthful inhabitants. - -I tender my grateful thanks to the South American Missionary Society, -the Evangelical Union of South America, the Inland-South America -Missionary Union, and the Bolivian Indian Mission for the help their -publications have afforded me in trying to place before you something -of the sorrows and intense need of South American childhood. - - Yours, for South America, - - (MRS) KATHARINE A. HODGE - - _November 1915_ - - - - -CONTENTS - - - PAGE - - INTRODUCTION 5 - - FOREWARD 7 - - CHAP. - - I. A PEEP AT THE CONTINENT 11 - - II. BRAZILIAN BROWNIES 17 - - III. BLOSSOM BABIES 30 - - IV. PARAGUAYAN PICCANINNIES 37 - - V. ARGENTINE ALL-SORTS 57 - - VI. DIMINUTIVE DWELLERS IN THE LAND OF FIRE 74 - - VII. CHILIAN CHILDREN 86 - - VIII. BOLIVIAN BAIRNS 95 - - IX. PEARLS OF PERU 113 - - - - -CHILDREN OF SOUTH AMERICA - - - - -CHAPTER I - -A PEEP AT THE CONTINENT - - -South America is a tremendous continent in the Western Hemisphere, and -occupies one-eighth of the land surface of the world. - -By looking at this chart you will get some little idea as to the size -of it, by comparing it with other countries. South America, you will -therefore see, is twice the size of Europe, three times the size of -China, four times the size of India, and sixty times the size of our -British Isles. - -From Panama, at the extreme north, to the furthest southern point of -Tierra-del-Fuego (“the Land of Fire”), it is about 4700 miles in -length, and it is 3000 miles from east to west. - -South America (leaving out the three northern Guianas) is divided up -into eleven countries, or rather republics, each republic being under -its own president. - -The names of the republics are:-- - - Brazil - Argentina - Peru - Bolivia - Ecuador - Venezuela - Chili - Colombia - Paraguay - Uruguay and Panama - -Everything in South America is on a large scale--rivers, forests, -mountains, and plains. There is the mighty River Amazon, with its many -tributaries, flowing through Northern Peru and Brazil; the Orinoco, in -Venezuela; the Araguaya, in Brazil; and the River Plate, which runs -through the Republic of Argentina. - -[Illustration: AN AMAZONIAN CREEK] - -I hope you will study a map as we go along. If you look on the western -side of the continent you will see a long range of mountains, called -the Andes, tipped with sleeping volcanic fires on some, and capped by -perpetual snow on others. Nestling away up among these rugged peaks is -the highest body of water in the world, called Lake Titicaca, on which -float the rush-boats of the Inca Indians, the silent and down-trodden -“Children of the Sun.” - -How vast China seems; and India, too, how big! Africa we feel we know -very little about as yet, in spite of Livingstone and all the books -that have been written; but here is South America--so neglected, and so -large, that there is more unexplored territory there than in any other -part of the world. - -Not only so, but the continent is teeming with treasure. Diamonds and -gold are hidden away in the earth in Brazil and Peru. Bolivia is a -vast storehouse of silver and tin and coal. Petroleum and fertilizing -nitrates for cleansing the soil are to be found in Chili. The forests -of Peru and Brazil spell rubber--“black gold” it is called by the -natives. Chinchona trees flourish in abundance in Peru; also cocaine, -which the Indians chew from morning till night, to deaden their -sufferings, and their hunger. - -Although South America is so large, there are, roughly speaking, only -about fifty million people living in it, but the population increases -every year through immigrants of all nations pouring into the continent. - -Five hundred years ago, South America was the Indian’s land. In the -heart of the continent dwelt the savages, but Peru was the home of -the highly-civilized Inca race. To the north lived an Indian people -called the Chibchas, who came next in culture; and south, in Chili and -Argentina, were the Araucanian Indians, who were not so cultured as the -Incas or Chibchas, but who, notwithstanding, were a powerful people. - -About five hundred years ago the Pope, in his arrogance, “gave” South -America to the two Roman Catholic countries of Spain and Portugal. It -was a dark day for that land when the Portuguese adventurers and their -priests went to Brazil, and Pizarro and his Spanish followers to Peru, -the home of the cruel Inquisition. - -From that day onward slavery, ill-treatment, and cruel deaths have -been the lot of the Indians. La Casas, a Roman Catholic official, more -humane than his brethren, was so concerned at the lot of the Indians in -Brazil that he suggested that Africans should be brought to help the -Indians in the gold mines, and they too suffered from the hands of the -merciless Portuguese. Hence, to-day, we see in Brazil the negroes (of -whom there are said to be some four millions), the Indians, and the -Portuguese-speaking people of many nations, comprising about twenty -millions. - -In Central and Southern Argentina the population is chiefly European. -Buenos Aires, the capital, is largely Italian, though a very large -number of British folk are living there. In Peru nearly three-fourths -of the people are pure Indian, and Bolivia is mostly Indian as well. - -For five long centuries this has indeed been the Land of Darkness and -of the “Christless Cross.” Two thousand years ago, nearly, Christ -said to the Apostle Peter: “Feed My lambs.” What have the so-called -followers of Peter done for the Lambs of South America? Let us see. - - - - -CHAPTER II - -BRAZILIAN BROWNIES - - -Entering the mouth of the mighty River Amazon, we travel slowly by -steamer right away through Northern Brazil, past Manaos, with wonderful -forests on either side of us. How hot and stifling it is, for we are -journeying through the Tropics! - -On we go, gliding past the crocodiles that lie basking in the sun, -and that lazily open one eye at us or a huge mouth, the sight making -us shudder, but with a sense of devout thankfulness that we are at a -respectable distance! No sound disturbs the quiet, except the ripple -of the water, and the screams of gaily-coloured parrots. Now and again -we hear a sound like human voices, and straining our ears to listen -we find to our amusement that it comes from monkeys chattering and -quarrelling among themselves. - -At length we branch off into one of the many tributaries of the great -river, the Yavari for choice, which brings us to the borders of Peru. -Pitching our tent on the river-bank, we settle down for a quiet -evening. In front of us is the Yavari River, filled with many wonderful -varieties of fish. - -Stretching away behind us is the forest, full of strange and wonderful -things. We are in the home of the wild Indians, of whom there are many, -many tribes. They live by fishing in the river, and hunting in the -forest. There are said to be one hundred different kinds of fish, the -largest of which is the King Herring, weighing often as much as three -hundred-weight. When one gets weary of fish diet, stewed monkey makes a -pleasant variety, and cooked alligator a nice change! - -Darkness has now fallen, and the stars are out. No sound now but the -humming of the mosquitoes, which are the bane of the traveller’s life -in South America. Here in this great land even the insects are on a -large scale. Spiders, jiggers, carrapatoes, ticks, and other insects -threaten to disturb our reverie. So if we would escape such unwelcome -attentions from blood-thirsty mosquitoes, we must take shelter under a -net. But not yet; the night is cooler than the day, and the fire-flies -are out, like vivid electric sparks, darting about us as we lie and -watch and dream of Paradise. - -By and by we fall asleep. Suddenly we sit up, rubbing our eyes. What -was that? Listening, for we are wide awake now, we hear a cry as of -someone in distress. The dawn has broken as suddenly as the darkness -fell last night. It always does so in the Tropics, and the crying and -wailing gradually die away. - -Presently we hear a splash, something small and dark has been thrown -into the river, and drifts slowly in our direction. Straining our eyes -to see what it is, we find to our horror that it is a dear little brown -baby, but quite dead, and following in its wake is a huge crocodile. -Alas! Alas! Who is it that has been so inhuman to a little child? We -will find out. - -Like scouts through the trees we stealthily creep along, hardly daring -to breathe, and never once speaking above a whisper. Hark! What is -that? It is the tramp of many feet, and away in the distance, across an -open track, we see a company of naked Indians in charge of men clad in -European clothing. - -In our eagerness to follow we almost stumble over a brown form, lying -so still. It is an Indian woman, dead from a gun-shot wound, and lying -at the foot of the tree close by is a little brown baby. We turn away -from the sickening sight, for the wee brownie’s brains have been dashed -out by one of the wicked white men in charge of the Indian gang, now -quickly disappearing in the distance. - -But we must hurry on, or we will lose them. By and by they reach -the rubber plantation, the place where the rubber-trees abound. The -Brazilian and Peruvian forests are full of rubber, and for six months -in the year (the other six months the land is under water) these trees -are “bled”--as it is called--by the Indians for their taskmasters. The -rubber trees grow in groups of 100 to 150, each tree yielding on an -average eleven pounds of the grey, sticky juice. - -Here the Indians, under pain of terrible torture and death, were made -to extract the rubber. The method of doing so is by making a V-shaped -gash in the trunk, under which is hung a little clay cup to catch the -juice. To each tree is this done in turn, and when the cups are full -they are emptied into a large cauldron hanging on a tripod over a fire -of pine-cones. - -After going through a certain process, the juice becomes a hard, -congealed mass. This raw rubber is carried on the backs of Indians, -through the forest and over the mountains, to the city of Iquitos, in -Northern Peru; and every year sufficient rubber is exported to provide -tyres for 300,000 motor-cars. - -In order to produce this rubber, the Indians have been hunted through -the forests like wild beasts, and have been made to obtain the rubber -under the threats and taunts of ignorant and cruel white men from -neighbouring republics. The Indians have been allowed a certain time to -get a certain quantity of rubber, and if it has not been forthcoming -the Indians--men, women, and girls--have been flogged, put into stocks, -starved, tortured, and tormented to death. - -Saddest and most cruel of all, the children have not escaped, as we -have already seen. The mother has been killed because maybe she was -too ill or weary to walk any farther, and her little ones, who would -only be in the way, have been either thrown into the river to the -alligators, or have had their heads smashed against the trees, or been -thrown away into the forest alive to be devoured by wild animals. - -It was said to be a favourite pastime of some of these so-called -“civilized” (!) agents of the rubber companies to sit round smoking, -and for a little diversion to have one or more of these little brown -children hung up on a tree, and to shoot at them as a target--for sport! - -Think of the agony of suffering of these children, flogged by wicked -men, and even burned alive, in order to force them to tell where their -parents were hidden. If those rubber-trees could only speak, what awful -secrets they would reveal! Every thousand tons of rubber that have come -to our own Christian land have cost seven Indian lives! Who knows, my -young reader, what tragedy lies behind even the india-rubber ball with -which you play so skilfully, and yet lose so carelessly! - -For ten long, weary years all this went on, before we heard in England -the wail of the little brown children of the Brazilian and Peruvian -forests. Have the cries ceased? God only knows, for the sounds are too -far away for us to catch them. - -Now I want to introduce you to some more Brazilian babies, but of a -very different kind. So we will leave this “Paradise of Satan,” and -travel in an easterly direction, which will take us through the heart -of the continent. - -In the Amazon Valley there are many, many tribes of savage Indians, who -hide away as we approach, thinking in their great fear that we must be -rubber-gatherers. Occasionally we see a large space, where once stood -an Indian village, a place of ruins and desolation, and along the -tracks are human bones lying bleached and dry, telling a silent, yet -eloquent story of what had been once living forms. - -We, too, must be careful as we journey along, for the Indians near this -rubber region we are leaving behind are in a dangerous mood, and there -is much to be feared from their deadly blow-pipes. One little prick -from the poisoned arrow, and we would be dead in a very few seconds. So -we will proceed cautiously. - -As we get farther into the interior, we gradually find the vegetation -becoming more dense; we enter the region of “Matto Grosso” (meaning, in -English, “Big Woods”), covering a million square miles. You will see -it on the map, in the centre of the continent. This forest swarms with -monkeys, snakes, parrots, and many kinds of beautiful birds. - -Most wonderful of all the plants are the exquisite orchids, which grow -luxuriantly on the moss-covered boughs in the gloomiest parts of the -dark forest. They are beautiful both in shape and colour--pink, white, -and yellow. Some spotted, and others striped with crimson. - -It may seem strange that such loveliness should be hidden away from the -eyes of all but the God who made them, but it is the same everywhere -in this wonderful country. The choicest flowers bloom unseen except -by the chance traveller, and the strangest animals and birds hide in -the most out-of-the-way places. Some of the trees are fully two hundred -feet high, so that birds on the topmost branches are safe from the -hunter. - -Right in the heart of the forest is a dead silence; no animal life is -to be seen, though probably there are swarms of monkeys, birds, and -other creatures hidden away in the tree-tops. Female monkeys usually -carry their babies on their backs or shoulders, though sometimes they -are carried on the breast with the legs and arms clasped round the -body. They are very fond of Brazil nuts, several of which grow in one -large, round shell, and in order to get at them the monkey beats the -shell against the bough until it breaks and scatters the nuts upon the -ground beneath. - -South America has been spoken of as a Christian country, and yet, here -in Brazil, which is large enough to include the whole of the United -States, and France as well, we find many tribes of savage Indians, each -tribe speaking its own language, but to whom no messenger of the Gospel -of the Lord Jesus Christ has ever been sent. - -Some of these tribes are large, some small, many move about from place -to place, and others cannot be reached, so fearful are they of showing -themselves. It is, on this account, exceedingly difficult to find out -how many Indians there are living in the continent. There might be six -millions, or the number might possibly be nearer ten, no one can tell. -Tens of thousands have passed away without ever having heard of the -Saviour. - -They have their witch-doctors and their religious feasts, and they live -in constant dread of evil spirits. Those who have come in contact with -so-called civilized white people are none the better for it. In fact we -can say, without any hesitation whatever, that “the last state of these -people is worse than the first”; for civilization without Christ is a -far worse condition than paganism. - -Just a few words more about these Brazilian Brownies before we make -our way to the coast. From its birth the Indian baby is seldom parted -from its mother, until it learns to walk. A few days after baby is born -mother takes it to the plantation, protecting the little head from the -heat of the sun by a banana leaf. When on a visit to distant relatives -they take all their goods and chattels with them; and when paddling -down the river the little ones help father to row, while mother sits at -the helm nursing baby. - -While baby is very tiny mother carries her in a broad, bark band which -is hung over her right shoulder. When baby grows bigger, and is able -to sit up by herself, she rides on mother’s hip, supported by her -encircling arm. - -[Illustration: BRAZILIAN BROWNIES FISHING] - -The Indians do not spoil their children, although they are very fond -of them. They believe in hardening their little ones, so the girls and -boys are bathed by their careful mothers every day in cold water, in -some shady forest stream. Indian mothers are very fond of playing with -their children, and when a tiny mite wants all her mother’s care the -older ones are handed over for “grannie” to look after. - -Mother loves to deck her little one with necklaces, only I do not think -we should say they were pretty, for they are made either of teeth or -seeds. If you want to make an Indian woman your friend, nothing will -win her friendship quicker than a present of a bead necklace to her -little child. - -Then no Indian mother thinks her little one’s toilet is complete until -she is painted red, though I do not suppose we should think her at all -beautiful. - -Girls soon begin to help their mothers in various ways, by looking -after the smaller ones, netting hammocks, making pottery, spinning -cotton, and learning to cultivate the fields and to cook. But “the -children’s souls, which God is calling Sunward, spin on blindly in the -dark.” - - - - -CHAPTER III - -BLOSSOM BABIES - - -Leaving our little Indian friends, we now make our way through the -State of Sao Paulo, in South-Eastern Brazil, to the city of the same -name, which means “St Paul.” The climate here is more temperate and -healthy (except in the lowlands near the sea-coast), which is a -pleasant change from the tropical heat of Northern Brazil. - -Sao Paulo is very up-to-date, and more like a modern European city -than any other in Brazil. Yet although many of the Portuguese-speaking -people who live here are educated, they are very ignorant of the true -religion of the Lord Jesus Christ. Their religion, like that of the -people in every other city in South America, consists chiefly in the -worship of a woman, the Virgin Mary, and there are very many Roman -Catholic feasts given in her honour during the year. - -The mother of our Saviour is thus the object of worship of many -thousands of women and children in South America to-day, and yet the -exaltation of the Virgin Mary has not by any means uplifted these women -and children; on the contrary, their social, moral, and spiritual state -is worse than that of the women and children of any heathen country. -It is only where the Lord Jesus Christ is worshipped and upheld that -mothers, sisters, and little children are honoured, cared for, and put -into their proper place. - -In South America the Lord Jesus is either represented as a little child -in His mother’s arms, as on the cross, or as lying dead in a coffin. -As the Saviour is thus misrepresented to them, it is perhaps not to be -wondered at that these women and children, who do not know the truth -about His love, turn away from the apparently dead Christ, to the -warm, kindly-looking, gaudily-decked figure of Mary, about whom the -Church of Rome says: “Come unto Mary, all ye who are burdened and weary -with your sins, and she will give you rest.” - -It is to Mary and not to the Lord Jesus that the children of South -America are bidden to turn. - -Think of your own happy childhood, of mother and your bright home; of -your church, your Sunday-school, and your day-school; of the bright, -happy hours you spend in play; of the laughing, chubby, clean, and -healthy children of our own cities. Think; and now come with me through -the city of Sao Paulo, where we see people of all nations and colours, -from the blackest negro to the whitest European. - -[Illustration: PALMS, LILIES AND BABY BLOSSOMS] - -We will pay a visit to some bright, budding blossoms of humanity who -have been gathered from streets and places of wickedness, and planted -in a beautiful Home standing in its own grounds, lying on the outskirts -of the town. Here thirty-six little human “blossoms” live and -flourish under the motherly and fatherly care of Mr and Mrs Cooper, -their daughter, and other workers. - -The story of the first “blossom” is that while Mr and Mrs Cooper were -doing missionary work in another part of Brazil, a little baby girl -was given to them by her mother, who was quite out of her mind. The -poor wee mite was little more than skin and bones, but loving care and -plenty of good food soon transformed her into a bonnie maiden. - -To describe all these thirty-six “blossoms” would fill a book. The -Blossom Home is one of the brightest spots in Brazil to-day, and it is -a real joy to leave the city and to hurry away at sunset over the low -fields, with the wide sky on all sides coloured always with different -hues, and the fresh, cool breath of evening, while a bevy of expectant -children await your appearance under the pines and palms of the walk -to the house. That these little ones were ever poor, or diseased, or -homeless, does not seem possible as we mingle with them at the evening -play-hour. - -That Tecla was ever anything but a sweet-faced yellow-haired child, -that Baby was ever thin and wrinkled, that Bepy was ever serious, -or Rosa not always happy, seems so long ago as not to belong to the -present age of the Home. One “blossom” came all the way from Maranham, -a city more than 2000 miles away from Sao Paulo, which shows how much -such orphanages are needed in Brazil. - -It would be nice to stay here and make their further acquaintance, to -see the little ones in the kindergarten, and the older ones at their -lessons. It would be interesting to spend a Sunday at this haven, and -to see the keen interest they display in missions and missionaries. - -During the week, at morning worship they are trained to look out over -the whole world, and to pray for a particular place each day. At -Sunday-school they, of their own accord, have a collection amongst -themselves, and every week they try to do something extra, for which -they are paid, and out of this they freely give to the missionary -box. They send to the child-widows of India, to the school for blind -children at Jerusalem, and to other missions in which they are -interested. - -We would like to watch them, too, at their work, for they are all -busy little bees, and what a hive of happy industry it is--dairying, -poultry-raising, laundry, kitchen, housework, and gardening! The reason -why we cannot stay for more than a flying visit is because there is no -room for us, and if not for us, then for no one else, for the Home is -already more than full. - -“The girls’ dormitories hold fourteen beds, and there are twenty girls! -Baby Grace sleeps in a cot beside the bed of ‘Mother’ and ‘Daddy,’ but -the other five have to sleep in the dining-room, which means making up -beds at bedtime. The walls of the Home are not made of india-rubber, so -they cannot be stretched to receive any more ‘blossoms.’ What is then -to be done? Applications are constantly coming in, a recent one being -for a motherless baby girl of a month old. How the heart of Christ must -yearn over these little ones of whom He said when here on earth: ‘Of -such is the Kingdom of Heaven!’” - - - - -CHAPTER IV - -PARAGUAYAN PICCANINNIES - - -Our next visit is to the Republic of Paraguay, so, leaving Sao Paulo, -we will travel in a westerly direction, though really, in order to -reach Paraguay in the proper way we should make our way to Santos, and -embark on a steamer for Buenos Aires, in Argentina, which is situated -at the mouth of the Silver River, called by the Spanish-speaking people -of Argentina “Rio de la Plata.” - -From Buenos Aires all missionaries travel up this river to Paraguay, -but as we are not ordinary travellers, but extraordinary, we make -our way to the banks of the River Paraguay. Here we must pause for a -moment. Behind us is civilization; before us is heathenism and the -unknown. Across the river lies the “Gran Chaco” (Great Hunt), the -Indian’s land, about which one hears all kinds of queer stories. There -is something fascinating about “an unknown people in an unknown land,” -and so curiosity prompts us to cross and explore. - -But it was something more than mere curiosity which took Mr W. -Barbrooke Grubb, of the South American Missionary Society, among the -Lengua Indians--a burning desire to tell these dusky people of a God -of Love. So one day this quiet, resolute Englishman, with a purposeful -air which reminded one strangely of David Livingstone, walked into the -Indian encampment, letting them know by his manner that he had come to -stay. - -Still it is with the little people we wish to make friends. So climbing -into a bullock-cart--for we are now on the other side of the river--we -make our way slowly across swampy plains until we come to a palm -forest, where some Lengua Indians are encamped. Boys and girls with -browny-red skin, black eyes, and long black hair are playing about just -like English children--only they are not very merry or full of fun, but -are, oh, so dirty! - -The boys have one garment, a little blanket of many patterns and -colours, which is twisted round the waist in the hot weather, but -worn round the shoulders when cold. They deck themselves with ostrich -feathers, bead necklaces, shells, and sheep’s teeth. The feathers are -worn in the hair; also round the ankles, to protect them from the -biting of the snakes which lurk in the long grass. - -The girls also have one garment, a skirt made of deer skin. They, too, -wear beads and other ornaments like their brothers, though they are not -decked out like the boys. - -Leaving our bullock-cart, we walk right into the camp. What queer -houses the people live in! Just a few branches of trees stuck in the -ground, with some palm leaves and a handful of grass on the top. There -are no windows or doors, and no furniture inside, but just a few deer -skins on the ground, which serve as beds. Everything is put on the -ground, for there are no shelves or cupboards, and all looks dirty and -untidy. - -Presently the father comes in from the hunt, bringing an animal which -he has killed with his bow and arrow. Sometimes he brings a deer, an -ostrich, or a wild pig. To-night it is an ostrich. He drops his load -a little way off, and the women and children go and bring it in. It -is supper-time, and they are all hungry. First they take off the skin -carefully, for that will make a new skirt for the little girl, or a bed -for her brother. - -Everyone now works hard. Boys and girls fetch water and wood, and fan -up the fire. Soon the meat in the pot is cooked, and the children pass -the word round that supper is ready. The pot is lifted off the fire, -everybody sits on the ground in a circle round it, and they get out -their horn spoons, though generally they use their fingers. - -[Illustration: A PARAGUAYAN CHRISTIAN FAMILY] - -Each child gets a large piece of meat in its hands. There is no -waiting, no blessing asked, but all eat until everything is finished, -while the crowd of hungry dogs around try to steal pieces out of the -pot. - -Then the pipe is passed round; and the father tells how he saw the -ostrich, how he dressed himself up with leaves and twigs to look like -a tree and stalked the bird. Presently he got near enough to shoot it -with his arrow. He tells also how, in coming home, he saw a tiger in -the forest, and later on killed a snake. It is a long, long story, but -the children listen eagerly, and next day they act it all over in their -play. - -Now it is bedtime. If we were Indians we would all choose a place as -near the fire as possible, not so much for the warmth, as to escape -the unwelcome attentions of our diminutive friends, the mosquitoes. -We would spread out our little skin beds, or if you had not one of -your own, you would cuddle up with the other children, always putting -the tiny tots and any sick ones in the middle. And while you are in -slumberland the dogs crouch near. Over you spreads the blue sky, with -the beautiful moon shining down upon you in company with the myriad -stars. - -But you will not sleep for long: a weird cry rings out through the -silent night, the cry of some animal or bird, and, starting up in a -frightened way, the Indian shakes his rattle to frighten away the evil -spirit. - -The fire has to be kept up all night while the children sleep, and -the dogs must be watched in case they try to reach the tasty piece -of ostrich hung up in the neighbouring tree for breakfast. You will -probably be disturbed, too, by the barking of wolves or the snarl of a -tiger, as they prowl round the encampment. - -In the morning everybody is on the move, for these Lengua Indians do -not stay long in one place. Pots and pans are collected, together with -gourds and skins, and put into big nets which the women are expected to -carry. The men go on in front with their bows and arrows, so that they -may be ready for any dangers, such as tigers, or to shoot any game for -food. - -Three children can ride astride a horse or mule, although it is -exceptional for an Indian to have either; or a mother and two little -ones can travel thus--one tied in front and one behind round her waist. -But very often you would have to walk on and on, through swamps and -over wide, hot plains, always on the look-out for something to eat. - -Sometimes there is no water, and the children are only too glad to -stoop and scrape up the muddy dregs in the print of a horse’s hoof, or -else they look for the caraguata plant, which generally has a little -water at the bottom of its long, prickly leaves. - -On the sandy plains there are tiny insects which burrow into the feet, -and make them swell until they are very, very sore. Sometimes so many -of these insects get in that you can scarcely walk at all. - -All at once someone catches sight of a herd of wild pigs feeding; then -away go our little Indian friends, snatching up sticks, to chase and if -they can to capture a pig. - -At night-fall another halt is made, this time by a stream, for there -are fish and alligators to make a splendid meal. So all the things -are unpacked, and the houses of twigs and leaves are soon erected. A -big fire is kindled, and after an “alligator” supper, quiet once more -reigns in the camp as another night falls, wooing the Chaco children to -sleep under the twinkling stars. - -The Lengua Indians are very fond of their children, but they seldom -correct them when they are naughty. If mother should attempt to correct -them, father very unwisely interferes, so I am afraid a great many -Chaco children are spoilt. - -When Mr W. Barbrooke Grubb came to the Gran Chaco the Indians showed -him plainly by their manner that they did not want him. This, however, -did not discourage him in the least, but only spurred him on to try -to win their favour. He made himself one with them; he learned their -customs and their language; he travelled when they travelled, took part -in their feasts, and lived exactly as they did--until finally he won -their confidence and love. How they needed the Gospel, for they were in -gross heathen darkness! They had no religious customs, though they had -their witch-doctors, and lived in constant dread of evil spirits. - -Amongst the Indians here “baby-killing,” which grown-up people call -“infanticide,” is sadly very common. “Superstition,” writes Mr Grubb, -“causes many of these deaths. Girl babies, if they are born first, are -put to death; deformed children are also killed, and twins are never -allowed to live. Many die through want of care during the first years -of childhood.” - -How heartless such customs seem! Yet there is something still more -sad, which has to do with their beliefs. For many years Mr Grubb tried -to show the Indians “the better way,” and to do away with the cruel -practice of killing their babies. - -Their burial rites are very weird, and no funeral ever takes place -after sunset. If, therefore, a sick Indian is likely to die in the -night, before sunrise, they bury her or him before the sun goes down, -even though the spirit may not have left the body, break up their camp, -and move away before they settle down for the night. - -The mother of a dear little Indian girl became very ill one day. The -husband, who really loved his wife, did all he could to make her well, -but in spite of this she gradually grew worse instead of better. When -he saw that she could not possibly live, and that all hope was gone he -left her alone. - -There she lay, outside the hut, with a reed matting over her face, her -life fast ebbing away. It was about an hour before sunset. The Indians -were getting restless, when the missionary walked into their midst. -Seeing the form on the ground, he stooped down, taking the matting from -the Indian woman’s face. - -She whispered: “Water.” Reluctantly it was brought by the Indian -husband, but a few minutes later she became quite unconscious. The eyes -of the Indians were anxiously looking, not towards the dying woman, -but toward the sinking sun, for she must be buried before sunset. They -would all have to pack up and hurry away to a new camping place, where -the woman’s spirit could not follow. - -Impatiently they stepped forward, but were waved back by the -missionary. Her grave was ready, everything was prepared for the -funeral rites. - -“The spirit has not left her yet,” he said; “do not touch her.” - -“But we must hasten, or darkness will be upon us before we leave,” -replied the husband; “we cannot break our custom.” - -The missionary held them off as long as he could, till finally they -bore her away. Stepping into their hut, he heard a faint noise, and -seeing a small, dark object on the floor, he stooped down and tenderly -lifted up the now motherless baby girl. What a dear, wee, brown living -thing she was! - -Turning round he saw her father, who held out his arms saying that he -had come to take her away to be buried with her mother. The missionary -gazed at him with horror in his eyes. - -“Oh, but you are not going to kill her, surely?” said he, hugging Baby -closer. - -“Of course not,” said the father; “we are going to put her in the -ground alive. It is our custom!” - -He did not think about the cruelty of such a proceeding. It was part -of their religion, and, therefore, must be carried out. So there was a -tussle between the father and the missionary for the Chaco baby’s life, -and I am glad to say the missionary won, but the Indians did not like -it at all. - -The first thing to be considered was what to give baby to eat, and the -second problem how to get her to the mission-station a hundred miles -away. Finding that no Indian woman would help him in the matter of -nursing and feeding her, he saw that he would have to be both mother -and nurse to her himself. - -What could he give “Brownie”? Well, God showed him what to do, so she -was kept alive on rice water and goat’s milk, which the missionary -gently squirted into her mouth from his mouth, and on egg and milk, -these being the chief items in Baby’s diet. - -After miles and days of riding on horseback, with five Indians to show -the missionary the way, they at length reached the mission-station, and -Baby was handed over to a kind motherly missionary. I am sorry to say, -however, that Baby Hope (for that is the name the missionaries gave -her), was taken ill six months afterwards, and died, and she was laid -to rest on the banks of the River Paraguay. - -How sad it is to think that there have been many of these little ones -who were not so fortunate in being rescued from a living grave like -Baby Hope! But these Indians are learning that Jesus loves the little -children in the Chaco. For nearly thirty years the missionaries of -the South American Missionary Society have been working here for the -preserving and uplifting of the children, and to-day they are being -rewarded by seeing many Christian Indian homes established. - -There are day-schools, Sunday-schools, and schools of industry where -the older boys and girls are learning how to become useful men and -women. Carpentering, house-building, agriculture, cooking, laundry, and -housework are now taking the place of wandering, hunting, dancing, and -feasting, which, with them, have now become things of the past. - -There are many other Indian tribes in Paraguay yet to be reached, so -we will leave the Gran Chaco, and once more crossing the river we come -back to civilization--but not to stay, our destination being Santa -Teresa, in South-Eastern Paraguay. We must travel on horseback now, -for there are no smooth roads; so, accompanied by Mr John Hay, of the -Inland-South America Missionary Union, we proceed on our journey. For -the benefit of those who did not go with him he wrote an account of his -experiences. In his diary he says:-- - -“When we entered the dense forests the Indian tracks soon became -impassable for men on horseback. We could no longer ride, and in some -places we were obliged to travel barefoot, in deep mud, leading our -horses as best we could, while we stumbled on over the roots of trees -and interlacing bamboo creepers. - -“Led by a native guide, we found the Indians hidden away behind the -shelter of almost impassable swamps, across which we could not take our -horses--amid the most savage conditions, and in great poverty. Some of -them had a little maize, but for the most part they appeared to live -on wild fruits, roots, reptiles, caterpillars, or anything procurable -by hunting and fishing. For clothing, they wore only loin-cloths, and -bands of women’s hair twisted round the legs below the knees and round -the wrists. - -“Their faces were painted in curious patterns, with some black pigment, -and in some cases mutilated by a hole in the lower lip, through which -a long appendage of resinous gum protruded, hanging down in front of -the chin. They were armed with long powerful bows, from which they -can shoot, with deadly effect, arrows pointed with long, hard, wooden -barbs. Some of these arrows measure over six feet in length. - -“Some of the women were busily weaving their little loin-cloths, made -from fine cotton fibre, on rude square frames made with four branches -of a tree firmly fixed in the ground.” - -It is to these Indians and their little children that Mr Hay and his -fellow-workers seek to minister. A mission-station has been built here -in the wilds, under tremendous difficulties and very trying conditions. -“The Indians are scattered in very small companies, sometimes merely -families, over immense areas; they are constantly moving their -dwellings”--their chief idea being to get away from the one they think -their greatest enemy--the white man! - -It has, therefore, been uphill work to win the confidence of these -Indians; but God, who is always on the side of the missionaries, has -rewarded their patient, prayerful, and persevering efforts, so that now -quite a number of the Indians, recognizing the missionaries as their -friends, are seeking them out. At one time, when the maize and mandioca -crops failed, the people had to eat rats and wild animals of the -forest. The missionaries gave them work to do and paid them in food. -“At first they were very shy, especially the women, but as they got to -know them their shyness wore off, and even the little children began to -feel at home with them.” - -It will take us too long to visit the other I.S.A.M.U. Stations. If we -had time we could go to Caaguazw, the base from which the missionaries -work among the Forest Indians; to Villarica, the third city in -Paraguay, where there is a school for the children of English-speaking -people, and where the Roman Catholic officials have warned their people -not to send their children to the Protestant schools, for Rome prefers -to keep her little ones ignorant. - -Had we time to linger in Concepcion, the second city of the republic, -situated on the River Paraguay, with its 14,000 inhabitants, we should -be able to learn something of the missionary work carried on there -amongst the children. Here as elsewhere, the Roman Catholic priests are -very hostile, and do all they can to hinder the work of Christ amongst -these little ones. - -Just before we leave Paraguay, we must have a peep at the children -who are not Indians, but the natives of the country. The Paraguayan -children go about naked from three to four years of age until they go -to school; the Paraguayans of the town are, of course, better dressed. -The boys are very fond of hunting birds, with bows and marbles of -hard clay. These bows have two strings each, with a little rag on the -strings on which the marble is placed. It shoots a good distance, and -can kill good-sized birds. - -The Paraguayans, like other peoples, have bad habits--such as drinking, -card-playing, swearing, and smoking. Even little boys of three and -four years of age are sometimes seen smoking, while their parents just -look on and smile! Alas, that this religion of “baptized paganism” -should prevail everywhere, and that the boys and girls of Paraguay -should be bought and sold to Paraguayan masters to be their slaves! - - The young, young children, Oh my brothers, - They are weeping bitterly! - They are weeping in the playtime of the others, - In the country of the free. - -“It is not the will of your Father that one of these little ones should -perish.” - - - - -CHAPTER V - -ARGENTINE ALL-SORTS - - -Argentina, the Land of the Silver River, is, after Brazil, the next -Republic in size in South America. It is the most progressive from a -worldly point of view, and from a spiritual standpoint also it is going -forward steadily. - -This is not strange, seeing that the people who live in Central and -Southern Argentina are mainly European, and British people have -an enormous commercial and financial interest in that land; but -nevertheless we cannot get away from the fact that this Land of the -Silver River lacks in many places the streams of Living Water which God -is so patiently waiting to flood through human channels to hundreds of -girls and boys who do not know Him. We should really, therefore, take a -very great interest in Argentina for more than one reason. - -From Paraguay we will make a journey into Northern Argentina. -Travelling through the sugar plantations, we finally reach San Pedro, -where the sugar-crushing mills are at work, for it is harvest time and -hundreds of Indians are employed cutting the cane. - -Everything is in full swing, and dusky forms are flitting here, there, -and everywhere, some cutting the cane with long knives, while the -Indian women carry it away and lay it in heaps. Here, after the leaves -and top ends are cut off, the cane is thrown into trucks, which are -taken to the factory by a small engine drawing twelve or thirteen -trucks. We will go and see how the cane goes in at one end and nice -white sugar comes out at the other end. The sugar, after being sewn up -in bags, is taken away in big, heavy carts, with high broad wheels. - -At another sugar plantation 3000 Indians are employed. They come from -Southern Bolivia and the Gran Chaco to work from three to five months -among the sugar cane, and then return to their own country. There are -several tribes, the most civilized being the Chiriguards from Bolivia, -who are cleaner and more intelligent than the rest. There are the -Tobas, another warlike tribe, who go about almost naked. They are dirty -and savage looking. Also the Matacos, who are sadder looking than the -rest. - -The South American Missionary Society is endeavouring to reach these -people in San Pedro and San Antonio. Mr R. J. Hunt says, of his second -visit amongst the Indians in the Argentine Chaco:-- - -“A day or two after my arrival I went to the village seeking my -assistant, Sixto, and found the house deserted and the household goods -removed. Glancing in and out among the trees, I found all the huts -likewise vacated, but presently I espied two solitary little girls -of six or seven years of age playing near one of the huts; and on -approaching, instead of scampering away like frightened animals, they -remained quite still, and shyly but very clearly explained to me, with -many gestures, that the man whom I sought had built another house on -the other side of the road. Only those who have attempted to tame one, -know the wild, shy nature of a little Indian girl! - -“The other day I went to visit the Mataco Camp at Mira Flores, and at -the sound of my voice a young fellow came forward with a broad smile on -his face and saluted me. A little girl instantly sidled up to me, and -immediately from several huts came the women to smile recognition of me. - -“Then the men flocked round. I speak specially about the women, because -their rule is that when a stranger visits their camp the women keep in -the background, or peep out through their well-ventilated grass-huts; -but these people were from Tres Pozos, and they had seen me squatting -round their fires, and moving freely in and out among their friends. I -was no longer a stranger but one of themselves.” - -We will now make our way southward through Argentina, travelling for -many miles from one city to another by mule back. They are inhabited -by children of all nations, but speaking the one common language of -Spanish. These cities have their churches, convents and cathedrals, and -everywhere you see priests and so-called “holy” women. - -In Cordoba, the Brethren are doing a splendid missionary work. Mr and -Mrs Will Payne and their children, with Miss Emily Reynolds, and others -are seeking to win the children to Christ. - -A priest was holding a service at one of the Roman Catholic churches. -Amongst other things he promised everyone present that evening seven -years’ release from purgatory for their attendance at the service! A -rich young lady promised candles to one of the Virgins, if her prayers -were answered. - -In the Sunday-school work only the better-class children are being -reached, as for the most part the poor children live so far away. - -In San Martin, a village near Cordoba, a little Sunday-morning school -has been started. There are always a few listeners at the door, who are -afraid to come in. When invited to enter they say: “No, I must not, you -are heretics!” One of the Sunday-school boys, who attended a day-school -under the supervision of Roman Catholics, was expelled because it was -discovered that he attended the little morning Sunday-school. - -How helpless the missionaries are in matters like these! For the power -of Rome is very great in these fanatical places. But this little -difficulty was speedily removed, for a Spanish woman who had recently -come from Spain had been a day-school teacher before her marriage in a -missionary school in Spain! She felt constrained to open a day-school -here, and so the children who attended the Sunday-school went also to -the day-school. - -Best of all the Word of God is read and taught every morning for half -an hour. How true the proverb is: “What you put into the life of a -nation, you must put into its schools.” - -There was an orphan school kept by a few Christians who loved little -children, a few miles out of Cordoba. A little boy was very ill, -dying of consumption; and he was brought to a hospital in the city. -The little fellow knew the Gospel, and had his Testament with him. -His precious Book was taken away from him; and although he was so ill -he was given no peace till he was driven to confess to a priest and -renounce the Gospel. - -Then they tried to stop the missionary’s visits, but, in defiance of -the Catholic nurse, and on the ground that the missionary had brought -up the orphan child, she got through to see him before he died. - -Children take part in the religious festivals of the Roman Church, -especially the feasts of the Virgin, of which there are very many. One -of the chief festivals is that of the “Virgin Mercedes.” The image is -taken out of the great Church that bears her name, in order that, -according to an ancient custom, she may release four prisoners. - -This Virgin is reckoned to be very miraculous. She is supposed, -years ago, to have given special victory in an Argentine battle. In -commemoration of this, every year she is solemnly taken down from her -niche, and paraded with great pomp to release any four prisoners she -chooses. - -Let us turn aside and see this great sight. The route of the procession -is lined, almost packed, with people. Cordoba being a large and -so-called religious city, practically everybody is out to watch with -us. At last we see the procession; it is slowly returning to the -church. How long it is! For we find by our watches that it has taken -twenty minutes to pass. - -[Illustration: A CONVENTILLO IN THE ARGENTINE CAPITAL] - -Heads are bared as the robed priests and choir boys, with lights and -lanterns, come into view. Such crowds of women follow! Little children -dressed in white follow on, carrying silk banners. At length, to the -muffled sound of the drum, and well protected by armed soldiers, comes -the Virgin, carried aloft. - -The excitement is now at its highest. Women are throwing flowers from -the balconies to the Virgin. All are anxious to catch sight of the four -prisoners at whose feet the Virgin had been made to drop a free pardon. -Then follow in the rear more soldiers as a further escort. - -In spite of all these feasts, the priests feel they are losing their -hold upon the people, especially the women; and in order to revive -religious sentiment cinematograph pictures are being shown in one of -the churches to attract more worshippers. To lose the women is also to -lose the children, the men they have already lost. - -On our way to the capital of Buenos Aires, we pass miles of waving -corn, with great expanses of grassland upon which graze hundreds of -sheep and cattle. Here and there, too, we see ranches where the owners -of the wheat-fields and cattle live. - -Who are these people? Not foreigners, but our own British men and -women, miles away from any city and from civilization. - -There is no church for them to go to, so Sunday is the same as any -other day; but occasionally they receive a visit from the chaplain of -the South American Missionary Society. More often than not, they are -without any spiritual help whatever, and yet how much we owe to them! - -Supposing we had no church or Sunday-school, no one to tell us of the -beautiful things of God--how we should miss it all! And yet here are -these people living out on the plains of Argentina, with their little -children, tending the sheep, and reaping the corn, all of which is for -our material benefit. - -The sheep and cattle are killed and put into the freezing-houses in -Buenos Aires; the wheat is harvested and made into flour, and all is -shipped from the docks every week, to England and other parts of the -world. Shall we not send them news of the Bread of Life which perisheth -not, so that the boys and girls of Argentina may know about the Lord -Jesus Christ? - -Now we are in _the_ city of the whole continent, Buenos Aires. The -houses are flat-roofed and have no chimneys, for the very simple -reason that they have no fires. Most of the cooking is done either on -a charcoal brazier or on a gas or oil stove. Most of the streets are -very narrow, especially the older ones. The newer streets are made much -wider, and down the centre are avenues of trees. - -House rent here, as in every other South American city, is very, very -high, so that the poor people live in “conventillos” such as you see -here. “This is a form of slum peculiar to South America consisting of a -square, or courtyard surrounded by buildings one or two stories high. -A ‘conventillo’ sometimes contains as many as a hundred families, each -one crowded into a single room, opening on to the common square. Here -the women wash, and cook, and sew, and gossip and drink ‘maté’ with -their friends (the native tea of the continent is grown in Paraguay). -Here also the children swarm and quarrel at their games.” - -Buenos Aires is a most cosmopolitan city, full of life, gaiety, and -commercial activity; and yet so full of wickedness that many a mother’s -boy has been ruined for eternity. - -There are numerous factories of various kinds in the city and -neighbourhood, in which hundreds of girls and boys are employed. In the -richer homes the girls are kept very secluded by their mothers, having -no purpose in life but just to dress up and make themselves look nice. - -In the hot months everyone rises with the sun, and the first -substantial meal, called “almuorzo” (breakfast) is taken at 11.30. The -hottest part of the day is spent in “siesta” (sleep), under a mosquito -net, on a shady verandah, after which you have a cold bath and dress -ready for visitors, or go visiting yourself. - -To speak of work amongst children in the Province of Buenos Aires would -fill a book. The Christian workers of the Evangelical Union of South -America are doing noble work in the Sunday-schools. We have not time -to visit Tres Arroyos, where each Sunday two hundred children listen -to the “Old, Old Story of Jesus and His Love,” or Las Flores, Coronel -Suarez, Campana, or San Fernando, where the children are gathered -together Sunday by Sunday. - -The difference between these Argentine children and ourselves is just -this, that everything here in Britain is done to help the children, and -to surround them with a pure atmosphere and holy influences. Out there -it is not so; everything is against the children growing up to be even -morally good men and women. - -They are so familiar with sin that their sense of sin is destroyed, and -they are therefore harder to reach than pure pagans. If ever a city -needed a “Blossom Home,” it is Buenos Aires, where we find children of -all nations. - -One of the finest institutions for children and young people in the -whole of this continent is, however, to be seen here at the present -day. We cannot leave Argentina without paying a visit to the suburb -of Palermo, where are situated the schools superintended by the Rev. -William Case Morris, the “Dr Barnardo of South America.” - -While in business, in the Boca district of the city, some years ago, Mr -Morris saw the poverty and ignorance of the children about him, and he -longed to see something done for them. Of his own accord, and with his -own private funds, he commenced a school for poor children. Upon this -he spent years of labour and much money, seeking to better the lot of -his juvenile friends. - -With the South American Missionary Society at his back, he established -day-schools, Sunday-schools, and schools of industry, through which -hundreds of Spanish-speaking children have passed since their -foundation. - -Who are the scholars? With the exception of a very small number we find -they are children of the poorest class. Many are children of invalid -parents, others of widowed mothers. In the case of several, the father -is serving a long term of imprisonment for crime. Some are almost alone -in the world; many are quite alone--“nobody’s children,” waifs, to whom -life is a dreary, desolate solitude. - -Numbers of the children had been surrounded by an atmosphere of -ignorance and sin, and would a few years later have been a cause of -trouble to the police, had it not been for such an institution as -this. It is not only a training place for the mind, but a school for -character, where the children’s souls are lifted out of the mire and -trained in the atmosphere of heaven. - -What sweetening influences must now be at work, where every youth -and maiden is who has passed through this school! Think of the five -thousand who are being trained to be witnesses for Christ to their -own people in this continent, where we see still so much darkness, -degradation, and superstition. - -The whole secret of successful work amongst Spanish-speaking children -is splendidly summed up by Mrs Strachan, an E.U.S.A. missionary in -Tandil. She says:-- - -“Our work in the Sunday-school makes us feel more than ever the -pressing and immediate need of day-schools. It seems impossible in one -short hour to make an impression on the children. - -“How can you teach a child that a lie is a lie, when lies are told at -home and in day-school? How can you make him understand that to steal -is a sin when everybody else tells him that the only sin about it is to -be found out? - -“The child of South America is up against all that sort of thing; it is -the very air he breathes during the week. - -“He comes to us for an hour on Sunday; how much do you think can be -done to press home these powerful influences? We are more than ever -convinced that if we are to do in this country a work that will take -deep root downward, and bear fruit upward, the children must be got -hold of, placed in the right atmosphere, and taught on the right lines. -For this we must get the day-schools and get them quickly.” - - - - -CHAPTER VI[A] - -DIMINUTIVE DWELLERS IN THE LAND OF FIRE - - -“More than one hundred years ago God sent a baby boy to Mr and Mrs -Gardiner. They called him Allen Francis. He had four elder brothers, -and as the lads romped and played games and learned lessons together, -they would have been ever so much surprised if they could have taken -a peep into the future, and seen what wonderful adventures in strange -lands, among strange people, and what terrible dangers and difficulties -were in store for little Allen. - -“He always said he ‘meant to be a sailor, and travel all over the -world,’ and one night when Mrs Gardiner went to tuck him up and give -him a good-night kiss, she found his bed empty, and her little boy -fast asleep on the hard floor--‘getting hardened and used to roughing -it,’ he told her. When thirteen years old he went to the Naval College -at Portsmouth for two years, and then his life as a sailor began. - -“Who will come in thought with me and pay a visit to the Land of Fire? -Before we start, let us remember that first we take a long leap into -the past--we jump backwards over fifty years--for we want to join our -dear old friend and sailor Captain Allen Gardiner. - -“We shall certainly all need our strongest boots and thickest wraps and -waterproofs, as we join our sailor hero. Sleet and hail are beating -around the boat on all sides, and every few minutes a wave dashes -across the bows. When we land on one of the Islands, and trudge along -by the Captain’s side, on one of his exploring expeditions, we find the -mud more than knee-deep in many places. - -“We shall find the natives a very miserable lot of people. They have no -form of worship, no idols; they know nothing whatever of God. There -is not even a word in their language to express the name of God. They -are Indians, and divided into many different tribes, all at enmity with -each other; always quarrelling and at war. Food is often the cause of -the trouble, for it is very hard to get. - -“There are Canoe Indians and Foot Indians. The Canoe Indians live -almost entirely upon fish and fungus, and the Foot Indians on birds and -animals killed by bows and arrows and spears made of whalebone. Nowhere -do we see the smallest sign of the land being tilled or cultivated; -indeed, corn would not ripen in the Land of Fire, for the climate is -very damp and windy. Even in summer the sun rarely shines, only wind -and rain then take the place of the winter storms of sleet and snow. - -“There is plenty of good water on the Islands, so, as our supply on -board the _Clymene_ is running short, we will draw into one of the -harbours and refill the water-casks before we pursue our journey -to Banner Cove, where the Captain thinks of putting up the wooden -storehouse he has brought from England, and landing our goods. - -“Before the _Clymene_ sails away, while our companions are busy fixing -up a tent, we spy several canoes of Indians coming towards us. In a -moment our friend has his telescope pointed in their direction, eager -to find out all about them. We soon see they are afraid; it is the -glass that frightens them. They think it some dangerous weapon! So it -is quickly laid aside and we make signs of friendship. - -“Many of the men come on board after a time, and gladly take the -buttons we offer in exchange for fish and shell necklaces. They are -queer-looking, dark brown people, with large heads, small, sharp, black -eyes, and long, jet-black hair hanging straight down over each shoulder. - -“A little girl, about three years old, ventures near the Captain, and -very great is the delight of all when she returns to her mother with -a bright-coloured cotton handkerchief round her shoulders. They are -much interested in us, and the keen, black eyes watch intently every -movement, while the water-casks are brought from the shore, and taken -from the small boat to the larger vessel. - -“I wonder how many of us keep a diary! There is one diary I know all of -us, yes every boy and girl and grown-up reader of this book, would very -much like to see. How tenderly we should turn over those storm-stained -pages! How lovingly we should gaze at the clear pencil hand-writing of -this wonderful diary! - -“Perhaps if we really did see and read it, some of us would be inspired -with feelings akin to those of a little girl of nine years old who went -home from a missionary meeting and wrote:--‘Mark xvi. 15 says: “Go ye -into all the world, and preach the Gospel to every creature.” This is -a commandment of my Saviour, to be obeyed by me as soon as I am old -enough.’ - -“More than fifty years ago, Captain Smyley, in command of the _John -Davidson_, sailed into Banner Cove. He was searching for a party of -seven missionaries to whom he had been sent with food and stores. He -found no Englishmen or native of the Land of Fire upon the seashore, -but painted on a rock he saw a notice: ‘Dig below.’ The crew landed, -and obeying the first two words, they dug up a bottle containing a -paper, on which was written: ‘We are gone to Spaniard’s Harbour.... We -have sickness on board: our supplies are nearly out, and if not soon -relieved we shall be starved out.’” - -With many misgivings they hastened to Spaniard’s Harbour. It was -then October, so seven months had passed since the notice had been -painted on the rocks. The first vessel sent to the help of the brave -missionaries had been wrecked. How had they fared during those months -of waiting? Had the help come too late? - -Yes, already that faithful band--our hero Captain Allen Gardiner, and -his six comrades--have all passed into the Happy Land where “they shall -hunger no more, neither thirst any more.” Sorrowful indeed was the -sight that awaited the searchers. A boat on the beach with a lifeless -body within; another lying not far off, washed to pieces by the waves; -another buried in a shallow grave upon the shore: all seven starved to -death. - -What was the effect of this martyrdom? Was it thought worth while for -others to risk their lives for the Fuegian Indians? The Rev. G. P. -Despard and his wife, when they heard of the facts, said: “With God’s -help, this good work shall go on.” And in a beautiful new schooner -called the _Allen Gardiner_, another mission party started for that -distant land. - -[Illustration: DUSKY DARLINGS] - -“It was decided to make Keppel Island, which is one of the Falkland -group, their headquarters. With much labour a house was built, and a -little mission-station and farm formed there. The intention was to try -and get two or three of the Fuegian natives to come and live with -them at Keppel, hoping to be able to learn the language from these -natives, whilst they taught them all the good and useful things they -could. - -“Many years before, a native, who was known by the name of Jimmy -Button, had been brought to England by Captain Fitzroy. When Jimmy -went back to his own country he was quite lost sight of by his English -friends. However, he was met with one day in his canoe by the party -from Keppel, and they found that he still remembered much of the -English he had learned. After being kindly treated by the missionaries, -and enjoying some of their coffee and bread and butter, he said he was -quite willing to go with his wife and three children to stay with them -for six months. - -“Jimmy Button and his family soon became quite at home upon the mission -farm. One of Jimmy’s boys, a bright, sharp, little lad of about eight -years, whom his father called ‘Threeboys,’ very quickly picked up -many English words; but they were all so shy about speaking their own -language before foreigners that they talked to each other in whispers, -which of course made it very difficult for the missionaries to learn -anything about the Fuegian language. When the six months were up Mr -Despard took all the Button family back to Woollya on the _Allen -Gardiner_.” - -Little by little grew the work amongst the Fuegian Indians, and -especially amongst the children, many of whom are orphans, now under -the missionaries’ care. - -There was one dear little Fuegian girl whom the missionaries named -Jessica--bright, loveable, quick, and good both at lessons and work. -She, with others, was taught many things, chief of which was the Bible. - -One day Jessica was nowhere to be seen. Morning passed away, afternoon -came, and then followed the evening, but still Jessica had not come -back. Weeks went by, and feeling sure she had been stolen, they ceased -to look out for her. - -In the middle of lessons one morning, a pair of arms was flung suddenly -round the missionary’s neck, and someone was showering her with kisses. -It was Jessica. - -“Where have you been? Why did you run away from school?” asked the lady -looking displeased at Jessica. - -Her eyes brimmed over with tears as she answered: “I went to fetch you -a present.” - -“A present!” echoed the teacher. - -“Come,” said Jessica, taking her hand, and leading her to a wood close -by. “There is the present I have brought you,” said Jessica; and -looking she saw eleven little naked, half-starved children, all bunched -together, and looking terrified at the white person. - -Having heard the Good News for herself, she loved the Lord Jesus so -much that she just longed for other children to hear of Him too. She -had journeyed for miles over rough woods with her bare feet, over -dangerous paths, and through streams of water, in order to bring others -to the Saviour. What a dear little brown missionary she was! For she is -now in the presence of the Lord. - -Another little Indian orphan, named Elsie, was being cared for by -the Rev. J. and Mrs Williams. Her father had died about seven years -previously, and her mother also passed away soon afterwards. Mrs -Williams took special charge of this bright little girl, but one day -several of Elsie’s Indian friends went off on a hunting tour, and took -her with them. - -Some time afterwards they returned, but without Elsie. What had become -of her? Was she lost or dead? Alas, no. Perhaps it would have been far -better if she were. “What have you done with Elsie?” And the reply was -that the Indians had sold her to a Spaniard! - -What was the price he paid for Elsie? Why, just a bag of flour, and a -bottle of gin! Months have passed, and still no Elsie. It is feared -that she cannot return if she would. Away from her tribe and from all -who love her; sold to a Spaniard who cares not for her; this poor -little jewel is living, redeemed with the precious blood of Christ, the -slave of a white man, but the child of the living God. - -Pray for such, and determine, like the little girl who went to the -missionary meeting, that your Saviour’s command to “go into all the -world” shall be obeyed by you as soon as you are old enough. - - - - -CHAPTER VII - -CHILIAN CHILDREN - - -If you look at a map of South America you will find a long, narrow -strip of country running north and south alongside of Argentina. Some -funny person has described this Republic of Chili as being 2000 miles -long and two inches wide! Long and narrow though it is, nevertheless -it is very rich in nitrates, so useful for cleansing and enriching the -soil. Gold, petroleum, and coal are also to be found there. - -Chili is very much like her sister Republics, both morally and -spiritually, and especially as regards dirt and disease. Smallpox is -rampant both in Santiago and Valparaiso, and people suffering from this -dreadful disease are actually to be seen walking about the streets. - -The “conventillos,” which are here only one storey high, are killing -grounds for children. Eight out of ten children die under two years of -age. Dr Speer says: “Alcoholism, dirt, and uncleanness of the houses, -and murderous ignorance of the care of children” are at the bottom of -this exceedingly high death-rate in Chili. So much for Chilians. - -Now a word as to the Araucanian Indians in the interior of that -Republic. They are semi-civilized, and a very superior tribe of people. -Though nominally under the Government of Chili, they are actually -independent of it, and are governed by their own laws. The Araucanians -are quite different in appearance, manners, and habits from other -Indians. As far as cleanliness goes, they are far in advance of the -Chilians themselves. - -“They are quite as proud, and as resentful of dishonour as the Red Man -of the North, and quite as brave in disposition; and, like the Red -Indians, they are open, free and generous, and form strong attachments -to those who gain their confidence, with equally strong hatred towards -those who do them wrong. They have coarse, black hair, and large -widespread noses. - -“The women are among the best looking in the entire country. They do -not marry at so early an age as the other Indians, and they do not -seem to be ever ill-treated by their husbands. They are fond of their -children and respectful to old age. - -“The religion of these people is much like that of the Red Indians. -They acknowledge a ‘Spirit’ who is the Author of, and Master over all.” - -Take your pen and underline three places on the map, viz.: “Temuco, -Cholcol, Quepe.” There the Mapuche Indians live, and amongst them -labour the missionaries of the South American Missionary Society. - -“Mapuche” means, “people of the land,” and a successful, spiritual work -is being carried on especially amongst the children. There are schools -for boys and girls at Quepe, also at Temuco, ten miles away; and at -Cholcol, a small Chilian town twenty-one miles from Temuco, there are -boarding-schools for boys and girls, day-schools, a dispensary, and a -church. - -Rev. G. Daunt says: “In the old days they were all clever hunters. -They could glide through the forest without making a sound, and could -imitate exactly the cries of various birds and beasts. They showed -great skill in following up a ‘trail,’ and could observe the slightest -movement of leaf or twig in the pursuit of prey or of an enemy. - -“Now, the Mapuche are losing their hunting habits, and are settling -down to a peaceable and industrious life, growing corn, and feeding -cattle. But in their games they still act as if scenting and following -up a trail. - -“The Indian boys and girls have to work as well. In the summer, when -the crops are ripening, the children are seen in the fields guarding -the sheep, cattle, horses, and pigs, so that these may not enter and -destroy the harvest. - -“The girls draw water from the wells and streams, and help their -mothers to make and mend the clothes they wear. The boys, with their -axes, form ploughs, and carts, and with their knives carve toys of wood -or cut belts and purses from the skins of animals into strange shapes.” - -Miss Wetherell gives a very interesting pen-picture of school-life with -the Mapuche boys and girls at Quepe:-- - -“The body of one of our schoolboys was committed to the grave. Poor -laddie, he came into the hospital about two years ago with a diseased -leg, which the doctor had to remove. His people, finding that he would -be unable to help in the farm work, promptly deserted him, so he was -kept on at the hospital, and during school time he was out here. He -got on very well with his lessons, but he never got really strong, -and eventually he had to return to the hospital, where he died. The -following morning we all went across to the little Mapuche Cemetery, -and buried him there. It must have seemed very strange to these Mapuche -boys and girls, this quiet Christian burial--the simple service, the -flowers strewn on the grave, and the hymn sung as the soil was being -shovelled in. - -“We have one Chilian boarder, a very nice gentle lad, whom we all -like very much, and we hope he will one day be a true Christian. He -saved the life of an Englishman in Argentina under quite romantic -circumstances; and his master, who is in England, wished to leave -him where he could be educated and treated kindly--so he is here. -At present his thoughts are chiefly occupied with football and his -lessons, football of course first. - -“One small mite announced to-day that she was going to ‘stay with the -Señora all the holidays.’ - -“‘But,’ said I, ‘you would not like to stay here and not go home at -all?’ - -“‘Oh, yes, I should,’ promptly answered little Fatty; ‘school is _much_ -nicer than being at home.’ - -“I imagine the little ones do sometimes find this the case, as they -do quite a lot of work in their homes. I remember one day teaching in -my Scripture class something about a mother’s love, and I asked the -children: ‘Now on cold, frosty mornings, when you are all cosily tucked -up in bed, who gets up to light the fire and get the breakfast?’ - -“Of course I expected them to say in a chorus: ‘My mother’; but instead -of that the answer came: ‘Why, my little brother, of course.’ - -“Last night, while most of the big ones were out at evening service, -the little ones and I had great times hymn-singing. Two or three quite -wee mites will sing alone, and it is wonderful how well they sing and -how many hymns they know by heart. The brother of one small person was -telling the native teacher that last holidays he built a new house for -himself, and invited all his relations to the house-warming, and when -the meal was over he said: ‘Now someone should sing a song. Who will -sing for me?’ - -“‘Fancy’ added he, ‘my surprise when my little sister, who did not know -a word of Spanish a few months ago, stood up before us and sang most -sweetly and correctly a hymn that she had learned at school!’ - -“Sometimes our little Mapuche friends fall sick, and then the small -patients are taken to Temuco, placed in the mission-hospital, and -nursed and tended by Dr Baynes and his splendid family. - -“At evening time, when the light begins to fail, the missionary turns -his horse homewards, and as he rides rapidly over the plain, here and -there the words of the vesper hymn sung by some Indian boy or girl are -wafted to him on the evening air:-- - - “‘Sun of my soul, Thou Saviour dear, - It is not night if Thou be near; - O may no earth-born cloud arise - To hide Thee from Thy servant’s eyes.’” - -There are “other lambs” in Chili who have yet to be sought out and -brought in. Some day you may be helping Christ to seek and find them. -In the meantime give the Mapuche children a place in your prayers, and -tell others about them. - - - - -CHAPTER VIII - -BOLIVIAN BAIRNS - - -Bolivia, the Hermit Republic of South America, is hidden away behind -the mighty Andes. It is the fourth country in the continent in point of -size, and a vast treasure house of silver and tin. - -More than half the inhabitants are pure-blooded Indians, degenerate -descendants of the valiant Inca race. - -The most interesting and useful animal to the Indian is the llama. He -will travel for miles without food or drink, over precipitous mountains -and rocky paths, carry his 100-lb. load, and not an ounce more; for if -you should happen to impose upon him he simply lies down on the path -and refuses to budge an inch. They are splendid “passive resisters,” -these llamas, and will have no nonsense from anyone, though, of -course, their Indian owners know better than to overburden their llamas -with superfluous luggage. - -The llama, known as “the Bolivian Railway,” can travel fifteen miles a -day. When he dies his flesh is eaten, but the Indian loves his animal -too well to kill him for food. - -“In many places the Indians are ill-treated, deceived, and robbed by -the white Spanish-speaking people. They are looked upon as mere brutes, -fit for nothing but work, instead of human beings with immortal souls. -They sometimes live together in villages, sometimes in isolated, quiet -nooks, or it may be in clusters of huts where there are two or three -families.” - -Each Indian has a few patches of ground for himself, and in exchange -for this cultivates a few acres of crops for his owner. He also has a -certain number of animals to care for, but this is mostly the work of -his wife and family. Little children of from four to five years of age -are supposed to be capable of driving a flock, and when a few years -older they are away on the hills all day alone with their flocks. - -One scarcely sees an Indian, either man or woman, altogether idle. If -they have no other occupation, they spin away at wool for the clothing -of their families. - -Though this is an open and very healthy climate there is much sickness -among the people, chiefly because they do not know how to take care -of themselves. It is very amusing to see what remedies they use for -inward and outward complaints. Dirt, feathers, and anything horrible -is the common ointment for sores or wounds. At a little ordinary warm -water they laugh. Through the ignorance of their mothers, children, -when sick, have a hard time. Some care very much, and would do anything -to save their children; but others, rather than have the trouble of -watching them, prefer that they should die, as a good many do. - -“It is the condition of the little children that calls forth most -sympathy and pity, and makes us long for the day when the True Light -shall shine into the hearts of the people. The majority, unloved and -uncared for, surrounded by dirt and disease, know nothing of the joys -of childhood, nor of the blessing of home life. - -“Mothers are continually seen carrying their babies, full of disease, -about the streets, and, what is worse, sitting in the market-places -selling meat and bread with their sick babies in their laps. Passing -along one day, a child was seen without a shred of clothing, yet with -its little body literally covered with smallpox.” - -Mr Will Payne, a pioneer missionary of Bolivia, says it is quite a -common thing to buy and sell children in this country. He tells of -three little girls who were purchased for £2 each, “and are held by -their owner until they reach the age of twenty-one, during which time -they are compelled to work in the house, receiving their food and -clothing in exchange. - -“If they fall into the hands of a kind master or mistress they have -an easy, happy time, and in a few cases are taught to read and write. -Should they, however, find a cruel owner, there is nothing to prevent -their suffering very much like the slaves of other days. - -“These children are sold by their parents when young, and sometimes -never know their father or mother. How often has blood been seen -flowing from the head of one of these girls, the result of a cruel blow -with a strap, because she did not move quickly enough.” - -A very sad story is told by one of the missionaries of the Bolivian -Indian Mission, of a little Indian boy. “His left forearm, and half -of left leg, are one mass of partially-healed ulcers. He tells us -how, over a year ago, he was caught and deliberately thrown into the -fire. His father had sold him to a neighbour, and one day, whilst -shepherding, he allowed some goats to fall over a cliff: then his -owner, in a fit of rage committed this inhuman act. - -“After a year of intense suffering, he was brought by his apathetic -father for treatment. But perhaps we ought not to blame the father too -much, as he is totally blind. However, the man who burned the boy was -compelled to pay the father a sum of 28s., and to release the boy. -After this the boy’s father sold him again, but the boy escaped, and is -now under treatment.” - -Such incidents happen daily, showing how inhuman and ignorant the -majority of the Indians are. The Roman Catholic religion has not -converted their hearts, the only change that has taken place has been -that of the religion and the idols. The hearts and lives that were dark -before, without the knowledge of Christ, have been plunged into deeper -gloom through the blighting influence of the Roman priesthood. - -Some of the Romish masses celebrated by the people are called the -“Little Masses for the Child Jesus.” These take place from Christmas -to the time of Carnival. Everybody who has an image of Christ as a -child is supposed to provide a feast during this time. A band of music -is procured, and the little image is decked out with pearls and gay -flowers, and carried to the Roman Catholic church, in front of a crowd -of neighbours. A mass is said, and then the figure is taken home amid -great rejoicing. Drinking, feasting, and dancing follow, and are kept -up until a late hour. - -On January 31st and February 1st the people prepare for Candlemas, -which takes place on the 2nd. They are taught by the priest that on -this day the children who have died without baptism can get a little -light. It is the feast of the mothers, and the priests tell the people -how necessary it is to come to church with their candles. - -“Do not be like so many pieces of stick; come and bring your candles, -and think of your poor dead children awaiting your candles to get some -light!” - -“So the next day the poor mothers come with their candles of all sorts -and sizes. Long candles, short candles, thin candles, thick candles. -What a mine of wealth for the priests the sale of this holy (!) grease -must be! - -“May God light the candle of each life in order that some day someone -who reads this may be able to show the Bolivian Bairns the way to -Heaven. Only the light that Christ gives is of any service to Him, and -to those who ‘sit in darkness and in the shadow of death.’” - -The Bolivian Indians do not have many children, as the poor mites, -through neglect and ill-treatment, die in hundreds every year, most of -them under two years of age. - -Another reason why Indians have such small families is that when the -children grow up to be twelve or thirteen years of age they marry and -have homes of their own. - -Mr and Mrs Will Payne did some splendid pioneer work amongst these -people before the liberty of preaching the Gospel was proclaimed in -the Republic. They suffered much persecution at the hands of the Roman -Catholics, but now missionary work can go forward without hindrance, -and to-day the South American Missionary Society is at work in Southern -Bolivia, while the Bolivian Indian Mission is ministering to the -Quechua-speaking remnant of the bygone Inca race. - -In writing of the children, one of the missionaries in San Pedro says -of the school work:-- - -“The school is open to all, and boys and girls of the white and -half-caste classes attend. (The Indians do not live in the town.) The -school opens every morning with the singing of a hymn, a Scripture -lesson and prayer, in all of which great interest is taken. Mother -earth constitutes the floor. The walls are of mud, and the ceiling -is of a rough thatching of rushes. For years the room served as a -cook-house, and knew neither chimney nor window, nor any other means of -exit for the smoke. - -“Nowadays two large holes in the wall, one shuttered, the other not, -admit light which reveals a blackness that water cannot cleanse. Two or -three geography maps gravely endeavour to hide the sooty walls, and, -aided by three mud seats that traverse the room, humbly announce that -this is Ch’iquipampa School-house.” - -Outside, mounted upon a pole which stands in the centre of the -“estancia” courtyard, is the school bell. For nearly a century it hung -in the belfry of a Roman Catholic chapel away out among the Bolivian -mountains. But it, too, has felt the impulse of modernism, and now -follows a reformed calling. - -The sun is the only time-keeper known in the “campo.” The only definite -hours are those of his rising and setting; therefore the bell sounds -the assemble at sunrise, and soon two or three groups of children, -enveloped in gay-coloured and picturesque ponchos, are seen leisurely -sauntering to obey the summons--perhaps. In they come at the open door, -doffing their “sombreros” (hats) respectfully enough, with a “Buenos -dias, Señor!” (“Good day, Sir”). - -Now we have before us seven or eight black heads, whose owners range -in age from five to fifteen years. There are really as many grades as -there are individuals. - -Modestly, seated farthest back is Haquin, a bright Indian lad. He came -to school early, and has already been a full half-hour hard at his -reading-book, for he must soon leave in order to take his father’s -cattle afield to pasture. Three months ago, he did not know a single -letter. Now he reads and writes fairly large words. - -Now slates, books, and pencils are served out, and for three long hours -our young Bolivians are under restraint. Lazy little Antonio raises -his slate high in air with both hands and yawns audibly. A tap on the -big, black head, and a quiet word, recall him to his task. During a -full half-hour he has written only one word, but Government forbids the -rod. - -The time has arrived for reading-lessons, and a whisper of appreciation -is heard, for reading from the “Spanish Reader” involves a lesson in -Spanish; and Indian and “Cholo” (half-caste) alike learn eagerly and -quickly the tongue of the ruling class. Confronted by Bolivia’s map, -a barely suppressed giggle ripples through the school. They think the -names of towns, rivers, and mountains are so foreign and funny! - -Arithmetic is useful, however, and all work diligently at this. Little -Manuel is the pride and joy of the school in this department. Three -months previously he could not write a single figure. Now, he adds and -subtracts and multiplies with great exactness. - -Now, at the words, “Slates down,” these articles reach the hard floor -with a rattle. Little Nieva draws her naked feet up on to the seat, -and arranges her “manta” with the air of a Turkish princess. Word goes -round, “The Jesus Book”; and a respectful silence prevails. Thank God, -for these wonderful stories of the Saviour. The children’s verdict -is: “Beautiful.” Thanks to Him for at least this small portion of the -Gospel of St John translated into Quechua. - -Now comes time for dismissal--with a respectful “Hasta mañana, Señor!” -(“Until to-morrow, Sir!”), or the Quechua “Ce’aya cama,” they file out, -soon to break forth into whistle and shout, just like the little folks -in the homeland. - -Our head is somewhat muddled with this two-language task of teaching -Quechua-speaking children from Spanish text-books. Some attend for -a week or two, and then come no more. The parents desire that they -should be educated, but confess to being powerless to persuade the -young folks to attend. - -Mr Grocott, of the Bolivian Indian Mission, having given such an -interesting account of the day-school work, Mrs Grocott now tells about -the Sunday-school. She says:-- - -“Could you visit our little school-room some Sunday morning, between -seven and eight o’clock, you would find a little gathering of from -twelve to twenty-five men, women, and children, representing the -whites, the half-castes, and the pure Indians. These are gathered to -learn about Jesus. They do not come because it is God’s Day, for Sunday -to them is as other days. No, they come because they like to come. - -“They have dirty faces, uncombed hair, and clothing which has not -been washed for many weeks. Not an attractive audience, is it? But -a missionary may not be critical. She has come to teach them to do -better, and one must always begin at the beginning. - -“The day-school children come to these meetings, as do some of the -parents. The Indians are rather shy at entering, and often prefer -listening at the window. Those who do come in look round for an -out-of-the-way corner, and, despising a seat, squat on the floor. One -day a young Indian came in and immediately knelt down bareheaded before -the blackboard, in an attitude of prayer. - -“At the time of his entering, the attention of those present was -centred upon the words written on the blackboard and he evidently -thought of worship. Being accustomed to kneel in the Roman Catholic -church before shrines and images, he was quite prepared to kneel to -anything that appeared to him to be the object of worship for the day. - -“Very few Indians can sing, but some of the half-castes do fairly well. -Several hymns have already been translated into Quechua.” - -Christ’s command to “heal the sick,” as well as to “teach” and “preach -the Gospel,” is being faithfully carried out as far as possible by the -missionaries to these benighted people. The healing of the body opens -the door to the healing of the soul. - -A Spanish doctor will not touch an Indian; and for this great work of -healing, the power of God is needed. - -There are very many villages in this hermit republic without a -missionary of any kind whatever. Come with me, and see for yourselves. -Here on a mud bed in a corner sits a poor woman amidst her rags. -A wound which she has had a long, long time has reduced her to a -skeleton. Beside her is a sickly-looking baby. Between her sobs she -tells us she has neither a home nor a husband. - -The tiny room, which serves as a living-room, bedroom, and cobbler’s -shop, is full from floor to ceiling. The floor is covered with -cooking-pots, ten altogether, “stones for grinding corn into meal, -great earthenware pots for making chicha (the native drink), old boots, -piles of potatoes and maize, bones, rags, and dirt--plenty of dirt. -From under the bed run guinea-pigs, whilst keeping the woman company in -bed are a dog and a pigeon! - -“Amidst old tins and bottles on the shelves we see San Antonio and the -Virgin. On the wall hangs a picture of what looks something like a -woman, the Virgin. A rope full of clothes stretches across the room, -and a few other odds and ends leave but little space, which is filled -up with smell.” - -This is what the missionary has to contend with, and as we emerge -into the sunshine, and breathe God’s air once more, we long to see a -large, airy building where the sick ones can be tended and nursed back -to health. Shall we not begin to pray: “Lord send out some of Thy -messengers, and some day, if it is Thy will, I will go and help them.” - - Coming, coming, yes they are, - Coming, coming from afar; - From beyond the Andine mountains, - From Bolivia’s mighty plains, - As they hear the Gospel story, - And are loosed from Satan’s chains. - - - - -CHAPTER IX - -PEARLS OF PERU - - -Last, but not least, we come to the most historical and romantic -Republic of the whole continent, Peru. This country was discovered by -an adventurer named Pizarro. He was a zealous Roman Catholic, but his -spirit of greediness over-balanced his religion, and the story of his -conquest of the Inca Indians of Peru, as related by Prescott, is one of -the darkest in history. - -Before the invasion of Pizarro and his fellow-countrymen, over four -hundred years ago, there lived a very highly-civilized race of Indians -who called themselves the “Children of the Sun.” They were a most -enlightened and industrious people, having their own king, as well as -their own laws and religion. - -Since the days of Pizarro and his followers everything has changed. The -king was slain with hundreds of his loyal subjects, and the Spaniards -took possession of the land. There you will see the Indians to-day, -living in spiritual darkness and superstition, scarcely able to call -their souls their own, a crushed and conquered remnant of a once -splendid race; and to-day “the children’s souls which God is calling -sunward, spin on blindly in the dark.” - -On the lonely mountain side we will find them, tiny mites of three and -four years of age, tending the sheep, and often very scantily protected -from the severe and biting winds. But the mountain children have an -easy time of it compared to the children of the city, for slavery and -starvation are the common lot of these little ones. - -We will visit Cuzco, the romantic and religious city of the Inca race; -but we must not forget to sprinkle our handkerchiefs with perfume, for -we have now got back to the hot climate, and the streets we are walking -through are long and narrow and have an open drain running down the -centre, a common thing in these cities. But if we would be missionaries -some day, we must not mind the smells now, especially as we want to -become acquainted with some of the “Pearls of Peru.” - -For a minute or two we pause and watch the children, who seem to swarm -everywhere. Some are playing at the nasty drain; no wonder these little -ones droop and die, for there is no friendly policeman to warn them -that this is a death trap! - -Where do they all come from? Does no one look after them? For they are -everywhere, in the road, on doorsteps, in the shops, round the booths -in the market-place, under the shadow of the Roman Catholic Cathedral; -scores of them, playing, sleeping, picking up scraps and eating them, -uncared for, and untaught. - -See! Who is this coming down the cobbly street, with a big, fat baby on -his back? Only an Indian boy, and not very much bigger than his baby -mistress. What a sad face he has; it does not attract us, for there -is a shade of bitterness about the mouth. His is a hard life--driven -to and fro by the whim of the baby’s mother; no thanks and no pay; -only beatings if he does not please her. An Indian slave! You look -surprised! But this is quite a common thing in Peru and other parts of -this continent. - - “Only an Indian slave! - A prey to his mistress’s whim, - Beaten, battered, and starved, - What does she care for him? - - ‘A soul, did you say, he possessed?’ - She laughs: ‘Why, he’s worse than a dog! - I purchased him, body and soul, - To scold, and to starve, and to flog.’ - - Only an Indian slave! - He may be in their esteem, - But his soul, with the price of blood, - Christ Jesus came down to redeem.” - - May the children of God go forth to proclaim - The loosening power of His wonderful Name. - -[Illustration: INDIAN SLAVE AND HIS BABY MISTRESS] - -In her fascinating book on “Peru,” Miss Geraldine Guinness says: “In -Arequipa there are three thousand of these little Indian slaves, -four-fifths of whom are cruelly treated, while the good treatment of -the remaining one-fifth, with rare exceptions, consists in the fact of -their not being brutally beaten, and not suffering much hunger. - -“I have heard the screams of child-servants not more than seven years -old, who were daily beaten by a bad-tempered mistress. I have seen -children ill and dying, for whom no one cared. I know a little girl of -seven, who, a few months ago, saw her mother’s dead body taken away to -the cemetery. Since that day she has minded the shop all alone, and -kept house for her father, who only comes home at nights, and who is -often away for weeks at a time.” - -Some years ago, when the maize crop failed, and there was a terrible -famine in the land, starvation stared the Indian mothers in the face. -What were they to do under such circumstances? They could not feed -their little ones, so the children were brought to the cities in -thousands, and sold for a few shillings or given away, to save the -mothers and other little ones in the mountain huts from starvation and -death. To-day it is not an uncommon thing to be accosted in the street -by an Indian woman, and to be asked to purchase her little girl or boy -for a few coins. - -The only British Missionary Society working in this vast republic of -Peru is the Evangelical Union of South America. Try and realize it; a -country half the size of China, and only a handful of missionaries to -proclaim the Gospel to these people. Take your pen and underline “Lima, -Cuzco, Huanuco, Arequipa, and Urco” (twenty-four miles out of Cuzco), -and you have the only centres of British missionary enterprise at the -present time. Let us visit these mission-stations and see for ourselves -what is being done for the children. - -Of all the cities in Peru, Lima is the most cosmopolitan. Visiting one -part of the town on the outskirts one might almost fancy we were in -China; at another spot everything is entirely negro, and some other -part appears to be under Turkish supervision. Here we jostle against -Peruvian priests, who do not attract us, American, English, and Italian -merchants, and people from almost every land under the sun. What a -medley! - -“The houses in Lima have no chimneys, they are one storey high, and -what windows there are facing into the street are barred, making the -houses look like prisons. The poorer parts of Lima consist largely of -‘conventillos’ similar to these in Argentina. They are often large, -sunny, open courtyards, and sometimes narrow alleys, always entered -by doors in the walls of the main streets, and surrounded by cell-like -rooms. - -“Every aspect of life may be seen in the central yard. There the -dinner is cooked, the baby bathed, the clothes washed, and the Virgin -worshipped. At every step one comes upon a child, and all appear -equally contented and uncared for. - -“Lima is in the centre of a region, not only free from rain, but where -earthquakes frequently occur, so that mud, cane, and plaster are used -for house-building purposes instead of stone. - -“Although it never rains in Lima, yet during the dry season, Peru’s -winter--June to September--the capital is enveloped in mist, which is -exceedingly disagreeable. For days and weeks the sun is invisible, and -a drizzle, not unlike a Scotch mist, makes the side-walks slippery, -and so permeates the air that the sheets on one’s bed are chill and -sticky.” - -Lima is the city where the Society’s printing-press is at work. Month -by month, the little silent messenger of the Gospel, _El Heraldo_, -is sent forth by post throughout Peru; and as postage is quite free, -you will see that every postman is thus a “colporteur.” Many other -things besides are printed, but _El Heraldo_ is the foremost message -proclaiming “pardon, peace, and power to hundreds whom the voice of the -preacher cannot reach.” - -Once more we find ourselves in Cuzco. Here several ladies of the -E.U.S.A. are to be seen at work. Miss Elder, Miss Pinn, Miss Found, and -Miss Trumper, are doing splendid service. - -Miss Elder reports that “many of the mothers, having gained confidence -in us, come again for advice and medicine for themselves and their -children.” Speaking of a case she visited, she says: “I had prepared a -nice basin of warm water, and was just ready to put ‘baby’ in for his -first bath, when two women rushed up, one on either side. Baby’s bath -was, to their way of thinking, not yet complete. One poured in alcohol, -and the other a large cupful of greasy soup. - -“On asking the reason of this, I was told it was to make baby strong! -So, with a smile and the remark that I had not heard of the custom, -I proceeded with my work. This took place in the house of one of the -upper-class people. - -“But I want to give you a peep into some of the poorer ‘homes.’ We were -conducted to a little shop where our patient lay on sheep-skins. Baby’s -wardrobe consisted only of a strawberry-coloured knitted vest and a -bonnet of royal blue! On another occasion, to reach my patient I passed -through two courtyards, and stepped down into a dark room. - -“There was no window. The light entered only through the doorway, -and the round hole in the wall through which the smoke was expected -to escape. The floor was alive with guinea-pigs running to and fro. -A few fowls were roosting in one corner, on sticks placed there for -the purpose, while a mother hen sheltered her brood of healthy chicks -in another. This patient had a bedstead, but it was composed of rough -irregular boards placed together like a raft. - -“In addition to the work in Cuzco we have to hold ourselves ready for -outside calls. I was summoned one day to Urco Farm, because of an -accident to Domingo, a little Chuncho Indian boy from the forests. I -left Cuzco at ten at night, on horseback. - -“Darkness and the roughness of the road hindered our progress, but -we arrived early in the morning. The boy had fallen from his horse, -cutting his face badly, while one eye was completely lost. We gave him -chloroform and put in five stitches, and the little chap soon got well -again. - -“Urco Farm is about five hundred miles from the coast. For the first -one hundred miles it is desert, and the rest of the way beautiful -valleys. The climate is grand. The farm is so large that it would take -many days to see over it all. There is abundance of fruit, with large -quantities of vegetables such as we have here at home. There are horses -for riding, oxen for work, and mules, donkeys and llamas for carrying -goods. There are cattle for meat, and sheep also; for milk and butter -there are goats.” - -There are no roads here, but just mountain trails. Everything is -carried on llamas and mules, while you would ride on a horse. - -There are over two hundred Indians on the farm, and the Mission is -hoping to establish an Orphanage here, like the one at Sao Paulo in -Brazil, only much larger. Mr Ganton says:-- - -“Down this valley to the Amazon, and thence to the Atlantic, over three -thousand miles, we know of no missionary! Within our reach are possibly -ten tribes of Indians untouched even by Romanism. In our own valley -there are probably forty thousand people. - -“We have some fine boys, and the Indians are very interesting. Mrs -Stockwell is glad to have her little school. The boys are quite apt at -learning texts. Almost any night we can hear them spelling out passages -from the New Testament by candle-light in their little rooms. - -“Our farm work is very interesting, also our people. One soon learns to -have a real love for them. It is hard for the Indian to understand why -anyone should treat him kindly without a selfish motive.” - -For the school work the Indian children are gathered together in the -evenings and taught. They attend willingly and gladly. “The scholars -are all ages and sizes, from the ragged little Indian of six upwards. -There are some very promising children in the school, and we hope -that some day they will become messengers of the Gospel to their own -people in the remote villages. Every day we see more the need of the -Orphanage, where the children will be under our direct influence. We -have four already living in the house, and what a difference we see -compared to those outside! - -“Mrs Stockwell is just in her glory with the children, and is -completely devoted to her school. She is at work from early morning -until bedtime, and always making clothing for the children. - -“Day-school work among native children in Lima is a very special -feature. This was begun in 1913, and a Scripture lesson was always -included in the day’s teaching. It is being proved here, as in -Argentina and elsewhere, that not only does the day-school deliver -the Sunday-school scholars from annoyance, persecution, and priestly -instruction, but it is also an excellent feeder for the Sunday-school, -at which the attendance marked a great improvement in numbers and -steadiness. - -“Under the very able superintendence and help of Mrs Millham, there are -two native mistresses, who have been associated with the Church for -some long time.” - -This school work amongst the native children of Lima has been laid -upon the workers of the Evangelical Union of South America as a sacred -burden. It is their privilege--not only in Peru but in the other -Republics in which they work--to lift the child out of its ignorance, -and to teach it to know Christ the Friend of little children, to know -the world and all that pertains to it, and to know its own heart. - -We will not proceed any further in our wanderings, for in Ecuador, -Colombia, Venezuela, and Panama the same sad condition of things -prevails. - -We have heard, not unmoved I trust, the wail of the Indian children -in the forests of Peru and Brazil, and have seen them in the Amazon -valley. We have watched them with painful interest and concern -in the streets of the various cities, children of all colours and -nationalities, and yet all of one blood with us, who call for our -sympathies, our prayers, our gifts, and above all, our love. They call -to us out of their deep need from the Land of Opportunity. - - - - - SOME NOTABLE BOOKS - ON FOREIGN MISSIONS - FROM THE CATALOGUE OF - OLIPHANT, ANDERSON & FERRIER - - 100 PRINCES STREET, EDINBURGH - 21 PATERNOSTER SQUARE, LONDON - - -A HISTORY OF MISSIONS IN INDIA. By JULIUS RICHTER, D.D. Translated -by SYDNEY H. MOORE, Master in the School for Sons of Missionaries, -Blackheath. Demy 8vo, with map 10s 6d - - “Will be indispensable to all students of Indian Missions. It is - singularly interesting.”--_London Quarterly Review._ - -THE PEN OF BRAHMA. Peeps into Hindu Hearts and Homes. By BEATRICE M. -HARBAND, Author of “Daughters of Darkness in Sunny India,” etc. Large -crown 8vo, cloth extra, with Illustrations 3s 6d _net_ - -HOLY HIMALAYA. The Religion, Traditions, and Scenery of the Provinces -of Kumaun and Garhwal. By the REV. E. S. OAKLEY, of the London -Missionary Society, Almora, Northern India. With 16 full-page -Illustrations. Large crown 8vo, cloth extra 5s _net_ - -DAYLIGHT IN THE HAREM. Papers on Present-day Reform Movements, -Conditions, and Methods of Work among Moslem Women read at the Lucknow -Conference, 1911. Edited by ANNIE VAN SOMMER, A. DE SELINCOURT and S. -M. ZWEMER, D.D., F.R.G.S. Illustrated, crown 8vo, cloth 3s 6d _net_ - -CHILDREN OF CEYLON. By THOMAS MOSCROP. (The Children’s Missionary -Series.) Large crown 8vo, with eight Coloured Illustrations, cloth - 1s 6d _net_ - -THE MOSLEM DOCTRINE OF GOD. A Treatise on the Character and Attributes -of Allah according to the Koran and Orthodox Tradition. By SAMUEL M. -ZWEMER, Author of “Arabia, the Cradle of Islam.” 2s 6d _net_ - - “A piece of earnest thinking and writing.”--_Spectator._ - -THE GREAT RELIGIONS OF INDIA. By J. MURRAY MITCHELL, M.A., LL.D. 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There is a noble work to describe, and it - is described nobly.”--_Expository Times._ - -FROM ZOROASTER TO CHRIST: An Autobiographical Sketch of the Rev. -DHANJIBHAI NAUROJI, the first modern Convert to Christianity from the -Zoroastrian Religion, With Introduction by the Rev. D. MACKICHAN, D.D., -LL.D., Missionary of the United Free Church of Scotland, Bombay. With -Portrait and other Illustrations. Large crown 8vo, cloth extra 2s - - “It has a charm of its own, and wins the reader to an affectionate - regard for this pure and saintly servant of Christ. Dr Mackichan has - written a fitting Introduction and a tender Epilogue. It is in many - ways a unique book, and should be in every missionary library and - read in every missionary household.”--_U.F. Church Monthly._ - -THE EDUCATION OF THE WOMEN OF INDIA. By M. G. 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Large crown 8vo, cloth extra, with -Illustrations and Plans 3s 6d - - “Dr Ross writes a quiet, methodical, business-like, instructive - style, and is manifestly a thinker.”--_British Weekly._ - - “A contribution towards a study, systematic and comparative, of - missionary methods.”--_Preston Guardian._ - -CHILDREN OF CHINA. By C. CAMPBELL BROWN, Author of “China in Legend and -Story.” (The Children’s Missionary Series.) Large crown 8vo, with eight -Coloured Illustrations, cloth extra 1s 6d _net_ - -A MISSION IN CHINA. By W. E. SOOTHILL, Translator of the Wenchow New -Testament; Author of “The Student’s Pocket Dictionary”; Compiler of -the Wenchow Romanised System, etc. Large crown 8vo, with numerous -Illustrations, and in artistic binding 5s _net_ - -CHINA IN LEGEND AND STORY. By C. CAMPBELL BROWN, formerly Davis Scholar -of Chinese at the University of Oxford, and for ten years resident in -China. 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By -ARTHUR H. SMITH, Author of “Chinese Characteristics,” “Village Life -in China,” etc. In 2 volumes, demy 8vo, cloth extra, with numerous -Illustrations, Maps, and Charts 21s - - “The fullest and fairest statement of the causes of the outbreak - which has yet been made.”--Mrs ISABELLA L. BISHOP in the _Daily - Chronicle._ - -CHINESE CHARACTERISTICS. By ARTHUR H. SMITH, Twenty-seven Years a -Missionary of the American Board in China. New and Enlarged Edition, -with numerous Illustrations. Demy 8vo, art linen 7s 6d - - “A very striking book. One of the best modern studies of that - remarkable people.”--_Sydney Morning Herald._ - -METHODS OF MISSION WORK AMONG MOSLEMS. With an Introduction by E. M. -WHERRY, D.D. Being those papers read at the First Missionary Conference -on behalf of the Mohammedan World held at Cairo, April 4th-9th, 1906. -Cloth 4s _net_ - -MISSION PROBLEMS AND MISSION METHODS IN SOUTH CHINA. By Dr J. CAMPBELL -GIBSON of Swatow. Large crown 8vo, cloth extra, with Coloured Map -Diagrams, and sixteen full-page Illustrations. Second Edition 6s - - “Teeming with valuable testimony as to the characteristics of the - people among whom his life work has been carried on; containing - a well of information as to the methods by which he and his - fellow-workers are introducing the Christian religion into China; - adding to this an abundance of broad-minded criticism of, and - intelligent comment upon, the missionary and his work--the series - of lectures gathered together in ‘Mission Problems and Mission - Methods in South China’ are so good, that I take great pleasure in - recommending the book, to all who are interested in the subject of - foreign missions or the broader subject of the Far East.”--_Daily - News._ - -VILLAGE LIFE IN CHINA. A Study in Sociology. By ARTHUR H. SMITH, D.D., -Author of “Chinese Characteristics.” Demy 8vo, art linen, with numerous -Illustrations. Fourth Edition 7s 6d - -THE ANALECTS OF CONFUCIUS. A new translation by WILLIAM EDWARD -SOOTHILL, Principal of the Imperial University, Shansi; Compiler of -the “Student’s Pocket Dictionary,” Translator of the “Wenchow New -Testament,” and Author of “A Mission in China,” etc. Large crown 8vo, -cloth 15s _net_ - - The Discourses, commonly known as the Analects, contain the sayings - of the Sage as recorded by his disciples. The Analects holds a - somewhat similar relation to the Confucian Classics that the synoptic - books of the New Testament hold to the whole Bible, and, like the - Gospels, is the most popular book of the Canon. - -THE ORIGINAL RELIGION OF CHINA. By JOHN ROSS, D.D., Author of “Mission -Methods in Manchuria.” With Diagrams from Original Plans, and other -Illustrations. Large crown 8vo, cloth extra 5s _net_ - - A satisfactory account of the Earliest Religion of China can be - found nowhere at present except in a voluminous work by de Groot. - Students of Comparative Religion will undoubtedly be grateful for - the publication of this exceedingly valuable book, and there are - missionaries and many others who will find it very serviceable. - -THE MARVELLOUS STORY OF THE REVIVAL IN MANCHURIA. Transcribed by JOHN -ROSS, D.D., from the letters of the Rev. JAMES WEBSTER. With Portraits - 6d _net_ - -THE LORE OF CATHAY; or, the Intellect of China. In five parts, Arts and -Science, Literature, Philosophy and Religion, Education, History. By -the Rev. W. A. P. MARTIN, D.D., LL.D., Author of “A Cycle of Cathay,” -etc. 10s 6d - - “‘The time,’ writes Dr Martin, ‘is not, I trust, far distant when the - language of China will find a place in all our principal seats of - learning, and when her classic writers will be known and appreciated. - Nothing should tend more to hasten the advent of that time than the - broad sympathy, informed with knowledge, which enables writers like - Dr Martin to show how much of human interest attaches to “The Lore of - Cathay.”’”--_The Times._ - -EAST OF THE BARRIER; or, Side Lights on the Manchuria Mission. By -the Rev. J. MILLER GRAHAM, Missionary of the United Free Church of -Scotland, Moukden, Manchuria. Crown 8vo, with Illustrations and Map - 3s 6d - - “A book which takes rank among the most interesting, practical, - and well-informed books of missionary travel which has appeared - of late years. A series of excellent photographs gives additional - charm to a book which holds the interest from the first page to the - last.”--_Sunday School Chronicle._ - -THE HEATHEN HEART: An Account of the Reception of the Gospel among the -Chinese of Formosa. By CAMPBELL N. MOODY, M.A. Large crown 8vo, cloth -extra, with Illustrations 3s 6d _net_ - - “The most illuminating book on missions I have ever read.”--Rev. W. - M. CLOW. - -THE SAINTS OF FORMOSA: Life and Worship in a Chinese Church. By -CAMPBELL N. MOODY, M.A., Author of “The Heathen Heart.” Large crown -8vo, cloth extra, with ten Illustrations 3s 6d _net_ - - “A charming book.... When Mr Moody tells us of the missionary side of - his experience he is not less interesting than when he speaks of more - general subjects.”--_The Spectator._ - -FROM FAR FORMOSA: The Island, its People and Missions. By GEORGE LESLIE -MACKAY, D.D. New and Cheaper Edition, large crown 8vo, art canvas -binding. With four Maps and sixteen Illustrations 5s - - “One of the most interesting books on missions we have ever come - across.”--_Glasgow Herald._ - -CHILDREN OF WILD AUSTRALIA. By HERBERT PITTS. (The Children’s -Missionary Series.) Large crown 8vo, with eight Coloured Illustrations, -cloth 1s 6d _net_ - -CHILDREN OF BORNEO. By EDWIN H. GOMES, M.A. (The Children’s Missionary -Series.) Large crown 8vo, with eight Coloured Illustrations, cloth - 1s 6d _net_ - -CHILDREN OF JAMAICA. By Mrs ISABEL C. M’LEAN. (The Children’s -Missionary Series.) Large crown 8vo, with eight Coloured Illustrations, -cloth extra 1s 6d _net_ - -CHILDREN OF JAPAN. By JANET HARVEY KELMAN, Author of “Children of -India.” (The Children’s Missionary Series.) Large crown 8vo, with eight -Coloured Illustrations, cloth extra 1s 6d _net_ - -THE GIST OF JAPAN. The Islands; their People and Missions. By the -Rev. R. B. PEERY, A.M., Ph.D. Large crown 8vo, art canvas, with eight -full-page Illustrations 5s - - “This is an interesting and honest book, and its statements gain - by its extreme candour, as well as palpable sincerity of the - writer.”--_Standard._ - -KOREAN SKETCHES. A Missionary’s Observations in the Hermit Nation. By -the Rev. JAMES S. GALE. Crown 8vo, cloth extra, with eight Illustrations - 3s 6d - - “The author of ‘Korean Sketches’ has gone in and out among the people - for nine years. He has done so, moreover, as his book shows, in the - kind of temper which qualifies a man to see what is best in a strange - and very little understood race.” - -IN AFRIC’S FOREST AND JUNGLE. By R. H. STONE. Crown 8vo, cloth extra, -illustrated 3s 6d - - “A welcome contribution to missionary literature. The illustrations - are numerous and good.”--_Christian._ - -DAWN IN THE DARK CONTINENT. By JAMES STEWART, M.D., D.D., Lovedale. -Demy 8vo, handsome binding, with nine Coloured Maps and Portrait of the -Author 6s _net_ - - “We have no hesitation in saying that Dr Stewart’s book will have - permanent value as a standard history of African missions, and its - excellent maps by Bartholomew give a praiseworthy completeness to its - unity.”--_Pall Mall Gazette._ - -DAYBREAK IN LIVINGSTONIA. The Story of the Livingstonia Mission, -British Central Africa. By JAMES W. JACK, M.A. Revised, with an -Introductory Chapter, by Rev. ROBERT LAWS, M.D., D.D. Large crown 8vo, -canvas binding, with Map, a Plan of Livingstonia Institution, and many -other Illustrations 5s - - “We have no hesitation in saying that this is one of the best - missionary histories we have ever read.”--_Glasgow Herald._ - -AN AFRICAN GIRL: The Story of Ma Eno. By BEATRICE W. WELSH, Missionary -in Old Calabar. With eight full-page Illustrations. Large crown 8vo, -cloth extra 1s 6d - - “This book is interestingly written, and will, we doubt not, go - far to accomplish its object, which is to interest children--and - others--in the children of Nigeria.”--_The Outposts._ - -CALABAR AND ITS MISSION. By Rev. HUGH GOLDIE. New Edition, with -Additional Chapters by the Rev. JOHN TAYLOR DEAN. Large crown 8vo, -cloth extra, with Map and fourteen new Illustrations 5s - - “Mr Goldie has an interesting story to tell of the place, of its - people, and of the mission work that has been carried on there. It is - a story which the opponents of missionary enterprise can hardly get - over.”--_Spectator._ - -AMONG THE WILD NGONI. Being Chapters from the History of the -Livingstonia Mission in British Central Africa. By W. A. ELMSLIE, M.B., -C.M., Medical Missionary. With an Introduction by LORD OVERTOUN. Crown -8vo, cloth extra, with Illustrations and Portraits 3s 6d - - “In this volume he has at once done a real service to missions, and - has made a most valuable and interesting addition to the fast-growing - literature of Central Africa.”--_The Times._ - -CHILDREN OF EGYPT. By L. CROWTHER, Old Cairo. (The Children’s -Missionary Series.) Large crown 8vo, with eight Coloured Illustrations, -cloth 1s 6d _net_ - -THE ANGEL OPPORTUNITY. By JESSIE F. HOGG. Author of “The Story of the -Calabar Mission.” With Frontispiece from a Pencil Sketch by H. C. -PRESTON MACGOUN, R.S.W. Crown 8vo, cloth extra 2s 6d - - This is the story of a missionary’s family sent home for education, - and is full of humorous and pathetic incidents, in the experience - of a little girl, in her desire to discover and influence the home - heathen among whom she found herself. - -DAVID LIVINGSTONE. By T. BANKS MACLACHLAN. Post 8vo, art canvas - 1s _net_ - - “It has been an unmixed pleasure to read this life of David - Livingstone. The book is interesting from first to last, and gives - a vivid picture of a rare character.”--_Madras Christian College - Magazine._ - -MUNGO PARK. By T. BANKS MACLACHLAN. Post 8vo, art canvas 1s _net_ - - “We owe to Mr Maclachlan not only a charming life-story, if at - times a pathetic one, but a vivid chapter in the romance of Africa. - Geography has no more wonderful tale than that dealing with the - unravelling of the mystery of the Niger.”--_Leeds Mercury._ - -CHILDREN OF AFRICA. By JAMES B. BAIRD, Church of Scotland Mission, -Blantyre, Author of “Nyono at School and at Home.” (The Children’s -Missionary Series.) Large crown 8vo, with eight Coloured Illustrations, -cloth extra 1s 6d _net_ - - “Boys and girls who read what Mr Baird says will have a vivid picture - of African life in their memories, and will see how blessed is the - light the Gospel carries to their black sisters and brothers in the - Dark Continent.”--_Presbyterian Messenger._ - -AN ARTISAN MISSIONARY ON THE ZAMBESI. Being the Life Story of WILLIAM -THOMSON WADDELL. By Rev. JOHN MACCONNACHIE, M.A. Large crown 8vo, -illustrated 1s 6d _net_ - - “It is a moving account of unselfish heroism for the sake of Christ, - and Mr MacConnachie has told it in a way that will impress the reader - afresh with the splendid, unassuming courage of their rank and file - in Christian missions.”--_British Weekly._ - -ARABIA: The Cradle of Islam. By Rev. S. M. ZWEMER, F.R.G.S. Studies in -the Geography, People, and Politics of the Peninsula; with an account -of Islam and Missionary Work. Demy 8vo, canvas binding, with Maps and -numerous Illustrations from Drawings and Photographs 7s 6d - - “The best book on Arabia from every point of view--scientific, - literary, and missionary. It is well illustrated, especially by - such maps as Ptolemy’s, Niebuhr’s, Palgrave’s and plans of Mecca, - Medina, besides maps of Arabia as it now is, and of the islands of - Bahrein.”--_The Scottish Geographical Magazine._ - -CHILDREN OF ARABIA. By the Rev. JOHN C. YOUNG, M.A., M.B., C.M., SHEIKH -OTHMAN, Aden. (The Children’s Missionary Series.) Large crown 8vo, with -8 Coloured Illustrations, cloth extra 1s 6d _net_ - -WITH THE TIBETANS IN TENT AND TEMPLE. Narrative of Four Years’ -Residence on the Tibetan Border and of a Journey into the Far Interior. -By SUSIE CARSON RIJNHART, M.D. Large crown 8vo, cloth extra, gilt top, -with fourteen Illustrations. Fourth Edition 6s - -CHILDREN OF PERSIA. By Mrs NAPIER MALCOLM. (The Children’s Missionary -Series.) Large crown 8vo, with eight Coloured Illustrations, cloth - 1s 6d _net_ - - “A charming book for children. The life and surroundings of - child-life in Persia are described with sympathy and insight. The - young reader is carried through a very strange world of fascinating - interest.”--_Missionary Record of the U.F. Church of Scotland._ - -CONSTANTINOPLE AND ITS PROBLEMS. Its Peoples, Customs, Religions, and -Progress. By HENRY OTIS DWIGHT, LL.D. Large crown 8vo, art linen, gilt -top, with 12 Illustrations 6s - -JERUSALEM THE HOLY. A Brief History of Ancient Jerusalem; with an -Account of the Modern City and its Conditions, Political, Religious, -and Social. By EDWIN SHERMAN WALLACE. Demy 8vo, cloth extra, with 15 -Illustrations and 4 Maps 7s 6d - -MISSIONS IN EDEN. By Mrs CROSBY H. WHEELER. Crown 8vo, cloth extra, -illustrated 3s 6d - -CHILDREN OF LABRADOR. By MARY L. DWIGHT. (The Children’s Missionary -Series.) Large crown 8vo, with eight Coloured Illustrations, cloth - 1s 6d _net_ - -THE CROSS OF CHRIST IN BOLO LAND. A Record of Missionary Effort in the -Philippines. By JOHN MARVIN DEAN. Crown 8vo, illustrated 3s 6d - - “This book should be widely read throughout the country. It is worth - more than a bale of newspaper print. The author is a competent and - credible witness of what he has seen in the Philippines. He has done - good service there.”--_The Outlook._ - -WITNESSES FROM ISRAEL. Life Stories of Jewish Converts to Christianity. -Edited by Rev. ARNOLD FRANK, Hamburg. Translated from the German by Mrs -A. FLEMING, with Recommendatory Note by Rev. PROFESSOR NICOL, D.D., -Convener of the Jewish Committee of the Church of Scotland. Crown 8vo, -cloth extra 1s 6d - -THE TRANSFORMATION OF HAWAII: How Fifty Years of Mission Work gave -a Christian Nation to the World. Told for Young People. By BELLE M. -BRAIN. Crown 8vo, art linen, illustrated 3s 6d - - “Much is said against missions, sometimes in ignorance, sometimes - from mistaken conviction, and not seldom, it is to be feared, from - dislike of Christian morality; but the contrast between the Hawaii - which Cook discovered, and still more the Hawaii of forty odd years - of relations with white visitors, before the missionaries came, and - the Hawaii of 1870, is not lightly to be put aside.”--_Spectator._ - -SIGN OF THE CROSS IN MADAGASCAR. By the Rev. J. J. KILPIN FLETCHER. -Crown 8vo, cloth extra, with numerous Illustrations 3s 6d - - “To many readers the story of the evangelisation of Madagascar is a - new one, but if they will add this charming book to their missionary - library, they will then know the wonderful story of the work of God - in these islands.”--_Illustrated Missionary News._ - -PERSIAN LIFE AND CUSTOMS. With Scenes and Incidents of Residence and -Travel in the Land of the Lion and the Sun. By S. G. WILSON, M.A., -Fifteen Years a Missionary in Persia. Second Edition, demy 8vo, cloth -decorated, gilt top, with Map and Illustrations 7s 6d - -THE NEW ERA IN ASIA. By GEORGE SHERWOOD EDDY. With Introduction by Dr -JOHN R. MOTT. Crown 8vo, cloth 3s 6d _net_ - - “Messrs Oliphant, Anderson & Ferrier have just published a very - stimulating book, entitled ‘The New Era in Asia.’ It shows as in a - flash, and with astonishing vividness and colour, the astonishing - changes which have of late come over Asia. It is written by a man who - knows at first hand all the lands from Constantinople to Peking, and - who is specially in touch with its young intellectual life.”--_Public - Opinion._ - -CHRISTIAN MISSIONS AND SOCIAL PROGRESS. A Sociological Study of Foreign -Missions. By the Rev. JAMES S. DENNIS, D.D., Author of “Foreign -Missions after a Century.” In 3 volumes, royal 8vo, cloth extra. -Vol. I., with upwards of 100 full-page reproductions of Original -Photographs, price 10s _net_. Vol. II., with 80 do., price 10s _net_. -Vol. III., price 10s _net_ - - “Dr Dennis treats the whole subject of ethics and of social order - generally with great minuteness and in a most instructive way. - He has done an inestimable service to the mission cause in so - doing.”--_Spectator._ - -OUTLINE OF A HISTORY OF PROTESTANT MISSIONS FROM THE REFORMATION TO THE -PRESENT TIME. A Contribution to Modern Church History, by G. WARNECK, -D.D. Translated from the Eighth Edition by arrangement with the Author, -and revised by GEORGE ROBSON, D.D. Demy 8vo, cloth extra, with Portrait -and Maps 10s 6d - - “It is a noble book, powerfully written, and throbbing with the - spirit of zeal and devotion, a book that must be read by all who - desire to master the missionary problem, to understand it in the - past, and to be prepared for its future evolution and development in - the world.”--_Methodist Magazine and Review._ - -A HISTORY OF PROTESTANT MISSIONS IN THE NEAR EAST. By JULIUS RICHTER, -D.D., Author of “A History of Protestant Missions in India.” Demy 8vo, -cloth extra 10s 6d - - “This book on Missions in the Near East should be in every missionary - library. It is comprehensive, well informed, and fair, and is written - with spiritual insight.”--_U.F.C. Monthly Record._ - -THE EXPLORATION OF EGYPT AND THE OLD TESTAMENT. A Summary of Results -obtained by Exploration in Egypt up to the Present Time, with a -fuller account of those bearing on the Old Testament. By J. GARROW -DUNCAN, B.D., Blackie Scholar, 1894-5; Interim-Director of Excavations -at Nuffar, 1895-6; Wilson Archæological Fellow (Abdn.), 1905-6; -Joint-Author with Dr Flinders Petrie of “Hyksos and Israelite Cities,” -1906. With 100 Illustrations from Photographs. Large crown 8vo, cloth -extra 5s _net_ - - “The volume possesses the necessary combination of fulness - of knowledge and untechnicality necessary to give it a large - circulation.”--_Expository Times._ - -FOREIGN MISSIONS AFTER A CENTURY. By Rev. JAMES S. DENNIS, D.D., of -the American Presbyterian Mission, Beirut, Syria, with Introduction -by Professor T. M. LINDSAY, D.D., Convener of the Foreign Missions -Committee of the Free Church of Scotland. Extra crown 8vo, cloth 5s - - “Dr Dennis gives us a clear, impartial survey of the present aspect - of Foreign Missions all over the world. Many important points are - dealt with, and the reader will find himself correctly informed on - many subjects concerning which he may have been in doubt. Dr Dennis - writes as one who has seen and therefore knows, and, as we read, we - feel that we are in the regions of plain facts, free from any of - the romance which want of knowledge sometimes causes.”--_China’s - Millions._ - -THE RESURRECTION GOSPEL: A Study of Christ’s Great Commission. By JOHN -ROBSON, D.D. Large crown 8vo, cloth 5s _net_ - - “While the Great Commission is commanding a constantly increasing - share of the Church’s thought and activity, I have felt that there - is still the want of a connected study of all the records of it - contained in the Gospels and Acts, and unless these be studied - together its full scope and completeness cannot be realised.”--_From - the Preface._ - -THE LIVING FORCES OF THE GOSPEL. Experiences of a Missionary in -Animistic Heathendom. By JOH. WARNECK, Lic. Theol., Superintendent of -Missions. Authorised Translation from the Third German Edition by the -Rev. NEIL BUCHANAN. Demy 8vo, cloth extra 5s _net_ - -THE APPEAL OF MEDICAL MISSIONS. By R. FLETCHER MOORSHEAD, M.B., -F.R.C.S., Secretary to the Medical Auxiliary of the Baptist Missionary -Society and Baptist Zenana Mission. Cloth 2s 6d _net_ - -MEDICAL MISSIONS: Their Place and Power. By the late JOHN LOWE, -F.R.C.S.E., Secretary of the Edinburgh Medical Missionary Society. -With introduction by Sir WILLIAM MUIR, K.C.S.I., LL.D., D.C.L. Fifth -Edition, with Portraits. Crown 8vo, cloth extra 2s 6d - -CHRISTIANITY AND THE PROGRESS OF MAN: As Illustrated by Modern -Missions. By W. DOUGLAS MACKENZIE, M.A. Large crown 8vo, cloth extra - 3s 6d - -THE BIBLE A MISSIONARY BOOK. By Rev. R. F. HORTON, D.D. Crown 8vo, -cloth extra. Cheap Edition 1s _net_ - -BIBLIOGRAPHY FOR MISSIONARY STUDENTS. Compiled for the Board of Study -for Preparation of Missionaries. Containing Lists of Books suitable for -Missionary Students on all subjects pertaining to their study, such -as Religions, Missions, Geography, Languages, Phonetics, etc. Paper -covers, 1s _net_; cloth 1s 6d _net_ - -MISSIONARY COLLEGE HYMNS. Being Hymns Oriental, Missionary, and -Devotional, sung in the Women’s Missionary College, Edinburgh. Compiled -and Arranged by ANNIE S. SMALL. Cloth 4s 6d _net_ - - - OLIPHANT, ANDERSON & FERRIER - EDINBURGH AND LONDON - - - - -FOOTNOTE: - -[A] This chapter is mainly quoted from _How the S.A.M.S. Began_, by -Alice M. Bakewell, to whom I express my deep gratitude. - - - - -TRANSCRIBER’S NOTES: - -Pages 9 and 10 are missing in the original. - -Italicized text is surrounded by underscores: _italics_. - -Obvious typographical errors have been corrected. - -Inconsistencies in hyphenation have been standardized. - -*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CHILDREN OF SOUTH AMERICA *** - -***** This file should be named 64105-0.txt or 64105-0.zip ***** -This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: - https://www.gutenberg.org/6/4/1/0/64105/ - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will -be renamed. - -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United -States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. 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Hodge</div> -<div style='display:block;margin:1em 0'> -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and -most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms -of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online -at <a href="https://www.gutenberg.org">www.gutenberg.org</a>. If you -are not located in the United States, you will have to check the laws of the -country where you are located before using this eBook. -</div> -<div style='display:block; margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:1em; margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em'>Title: Children of South America</div> -<div style='display:block; margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:1em; margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em'>Author: Katharine A. Hodge</div> -<div style='display:block;margin:1em 0'>Release Date: December 22, 2020 [eBook #64105]</div> -<div style='display:block;margin:1em 0'>Language: English</div> -<div style='display:block;margin:1em 0'>Character set encoding: UTF-8</div> -<div style='display:block; margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em'>Produced by: D A Alexander, David E. Brown, and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images generously made available by The Internet Archive)</div> -<div style='margin-top:2em;margin-bottom:4em'>*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CHILDREN OF SOUTH AMERICA ***</div> - -<div class="figcenter"><img src="images/cover.jpg" width="40%" alt="" /></div> - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<h1>CHILDREN OF SOUTH AMERICA</h1> - - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<div class="chapter"> -<p class="center"><span class="large"><span class="u"><i>Oliphant’s Other Lands Series</i></span></span></p> -</div> - - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> - -<div class="verse">CHILDREN OF CHINA</div> -<div class="indent2">By <span class="smcap">C. Campbell Brown</span></div> - -<div class="verse">CHILDREN OF INDIA</div> -<div class="indent2">By <span class="smcap">Janet Harvey Kelman</span></div> - -<div class="verse">CHILDREN OF AFRICA</div> -<div class="indent2">By <span class="smcap">James B. Baird</span></div> - -<div class="verse">CHILDREN OF ARABIA</div> -<div class="indent2">By <span class="smcap">John Cameron Young</span></div> - -<div class="verse">CHILDREN OF JAMAICA</div> -<div class="indent2">By <span class="smcap">Isabel C. Maclean</span></div> - -<div class="verse">CHILDREN OF JAPAN</div> -<div class="indent2">By <span class="smcap">Janet Harvey Kelman</span></div> - -<div class="verse">CHILDREN OF EGYPT</div> -<div class="indent2">By <span class="smcap">L. Crowther</span></div> - -<div class="verse">CHILDREN OF CEYLON</div> -<div class="indent2">By <span class="smcap">Thomas Moscrop</span></div> - -<div class="verse">CHILDREN OF PERSIA</div> -<div class="indent2">By <span class="smcap">Mrs Napier Malcolm</span></div> - -<div class="verse">CHILDREN OF BORNEO</div> -<div class="indent2">By <span class="smcap">Edwin H. Gomes</span></div> - -<div class="verse">CHILDREN OF LABRADOR</div> -<div class="indent2">By <span class="smcap">Mary Lane Dwight</span></div> - -<div class="verse">CHILDREN OF SOUTH AMERICA</div> -<div class="indent2">By <span class="smcap">Katharine A. Hodge</span></div> -</div></div> - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<div class="figcenter"><img src="images/i_frontispiece.jpg" alt="" /></div> -<p class="caption">A MAPUCHE INDIAN MOTHER AND HER BABY</p> - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<div class="titlepage"> - -<p><span class="xlarge">CHILDREN OF<br /> -SOUTH AMERICA</span></p> - -<p>BY<br /> - -<span class="large">KATHARINE A. HODGE</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter"><img src="images/i_publogo.jpg" alt="" /></div> - -<p>WITH EIGHT ILLUSTRATIONS IN COLOUR</p> - -<p><span class="large">OLIPHANTS LD.</span><br /> -100 PRINCES STREET, EDINBURGH<br /> -21 PATERNOSTER SQUARE, LONDON, E.C.</p> -</div> - -<hr class="chap" /> - - -<div class="figcenter"><img src="images/i_verso.jpg" alt="" /></div> - - - -<p class="center"> -Printed in Great Britain by Turnbull & Spears, Edinburgh<br /> -Bound by Anderson & Ferrier, St Marys, Edinburgh</p> - - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<div class="chapter"> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_5"></a>[5]</span> - -<h2 class="nobreak">INTRODUCTION</h2> -</div> - -<p class="center"><span class="smcap">By the Rev. Alan Ewbank</span><br /> - -<i>Secretary of the South American Missionary Society</i></p> - - -<p><span class="smcap">I have</span> read through with great interest the -manuscript of this little book, and can say of -those parts of South America which it has been -my privilege to visit that Mrs Hodge writes as -one who has personal knowledge of the various -mission stations. I trust that her words will -not only reach the children, but also all who -love children, that what little is being done to -make their lot brighter may be strengthened, -and much more undertaken, so that where now -there are superstition and darkness there may -be knowledge and light.</p> - -<p>For the natural world, God said: “Let there -be light, and there <i>was</i> light.”</p> - -<p>For the spiritual world, Jesus said: “I am<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_6"></a>[6]</span> -the Light”; and because He meant to work -through us, He also said: “<span class="smcap">Ye</span> are the light -of the world.... Let your light so shine -before men that they may see your good -works, and glorify your Father which is in -heaven.”</p> - -<div class="blockquot"> - -<p><i>November 1915</i></p></div> - - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<div class="chapter"> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_7"></a>[7]</span> - -<h2 class="nobreak">FOREWORD</h2> -</div> - - -<p><span class="smcap">My dear Young Friends</span>,</p> - -<p>This little book has been written expressly -for you, to whom South America is an -entirely new field. On this account I feel it -is necessary to devote Chapter I. to the continent -itself before proceeding to acquaint you -with its youthful inhabitants.</p> - -<p>I tender my grateful thanks to the South -American Missionary Society, the Evangelical -Union of South America, the Inland-South -America Missionary Union, and the Bolivian -Indian Mission for the help their publications -have afforded me in trying to place before -you something of the sorrows and intense need -of South American childhood.</p> - -<p class="right"><span class="gapright">Yours, for South America,</span><br /> - -(<span class="smcap">Mrs</span>) KATHARINE A. HODGE</p> - -<div class="blockquot"> - -<p><i>November 1915</i></p></div> - - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<div class="chapter"> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_8"></a>[8]</span> - -<h2 class="nobreak">CONTENTS</h2> -</div> - -<table border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2" summary="table"> - -<tr><td colspan="3" class="tdr"><small>PAGE</small></td></tr> - -<tr><td colspan="2"><span class="smcap">Introduction</span></td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_5">5</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td colspan="2"><span class="smcap">Foreward</span></td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_7">7</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td class="tdr"><small>CHAP.</small></td></tr> - -<tr><td class="tdr">I.</td><td> <span class="smcap">A Peep at the Continent</span></td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_11"> 11</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td class="tdr">II.</td><td> <span class="smcap">Brazilian Brownies</span></td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_17"> 17</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td class="tdr">III.</td><td> <span class="smcap">Blossom Babies</span></td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_30"> 30</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td class="tdr">IV.</td><td> <span class="smcap">Paraguayan Piccaninnies</span></td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_37"> 37</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td class="tdr">V.</td><td> <span class="smcap">Argentine All-Sorts</span></td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_57"> 57</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td class="tdr">VI.</td><td> <span class="smcap">Diminutive Dwellers in the Land of Fire</span></td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_74"> 74</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td class="tdr">VII.</td><td> <span class="smcap">Chilian Children</span></td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_86"> 86</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td class="tdr">VIII.</td><td> <span class="smcap">Bolivian Bairns</span></td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_95"> 95</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td class="tdr">IX.</td><td> <span class="smcap">Pearls of Peru</span></td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_113"> 113</a></td></tr> -</table> - - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<div class="chapter"> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_11"></a>[11]</span> - -<p class="ph1">CHILDREN OF<br /> -SOUTH AMERICA</p> -</div> - - - - - -<h2 class="nobreak">CHAPTER I<br /> - - -<small>A PEEP AT THE CONTINENT</small></h2> - - -<p><span class="smcap">South America</span> is a tremendous continent in -the Western Hemisphere, and occupies one-eighth -of the land surface of the world.</p> - -<p>By looking at this chart you will get some -little idea as to the size of it, by comparing -it with other countries. South America, you -will therefore see, is twice the size of Europe, -three times the size of China, four times the -size of India, and sixty times the size of our -British Isles.</p> - -<p>From Panama, at the extreme north, to the -furthest southern point of Tierra-del-Fuego -(“the Land of Fire”), it is about 4700 miles<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_12"></a>[12]</span> -in length, and it is 3000 miles from east to -west.</p> - -<p>South America (leaving out the three -northern Guianas) is divided up into eleven -countries, or rather republics, each republic -being under its own president.</p> - -<p>The names of the republics are:—</p> - -<table border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2" summary="table"> - -<tr><td>Brazil</td><td> Venezuela</td></tr> -<tr><td>Argentina </td><td> Chili</td></tr> -<tr><td>Peru</td><td> Colombia</td></tr> -<tr><td>Bolivia</td><td> Paraguay</td></tr> -<tr><td>Ecuador</td><td> Uruguay and Panama</td></tr> -</table> - -<p>Everything in South America is on a large -scale—rivers, forests, mountains, and plains. -There is the mighty River Amazon, with its -many tributaries, flowing through Northern -Peru and Brazil; the Orinoco, in Venezuela; -the Araguaya, in Brazil; and the River Plate, -which runs through the Republic of Argentina.</p> - -<div class="figcenter"><img src="images/i_012.jpg" alt="" /></div> -<p class="caption">AN AMAZONIAN CREEK</p> - -<p>I hope you will study a map as we go -along. If you look on the western side of the<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_13"></a>[13]</span> -continent you will see a long range of mountains, -called the Andes, tipped with sleeping -volcanic fires on some, and capped by perpetual -snow on others. Nestling away up -among these rugged peaks is the highest body -of water in the world, called Lake Titicaca, on -which float the rush-boats of the Inca Indians, -the silent and down-trodden “Children of the -Sun.”</p> - -<p>How vast China seems; and India, too, -how big! Africa we feel we know very little -about as yet, in spite of Livingstone and all -the books that have been written; but here -is South America—so neglected, and so large, -that there is more unexplored territory there -than in any other part of the world.</p> - -<p>Not only so, but the continent is teeming -with treasure. Diamonds and gold are hidden -away in the earth in Brazil and Peru. Bolivia -is a vast storehouse of silver and tin and -coal. Petroleum and fertilizing nitrates for -cleansing the soil are to be found in Chili.<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_14"></a>[14]</span> -The forests of Peru and Brazil spell rubber—“black -gold” it is called by the natives. -Chinchona trees flourish in abundance in Peru; -also cocaine, which the Indians chew from -morning till night, to deaden their sufferings, -and their hunger.</p> - -<p>Although South America is so large, there -are, roughly speaking, only about fifty million -people living in it, but the population increases -every year through immigrants of all nations -pouring into the continent.</p> - -<p>Five hundred years ago, South America was -the Indian’s land. In the heart of the continent -dwelt the savages, but Peru was the -home of the highly-civilized Inca race. To -the north lived an Indian people called the -Chibchas, who came next in culture; and -south, in Chili and Argentina, were the Araucanian -Indians, who were not so cultured as -the Incas or Chibchas, but who, notwithstanding, -were a powerful people.</p> - -<p>About five hundred years ago the Pope, in<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_15"></a>[15]</span> -his arrogance, “gave” South America to the -two Roman Catholic countries of Spain and -Portugal. It was a dark day for that land -when the Portuguese adventurers and their -priests went to Brazil, and Pizarro and his -Spanish followers to Peru, the home of the -cruel Inquisition.</p> - -<p>From that day onward slavery, ill-treatment, -and cruel deaths have been the lot of the -Indians. La Casas, a Roman Catholic official, -more humane than his brethren, was so concerned -at the lot of the Indians in Brazil that -he suggested that Africans should be brought -to help the Indians in the gold mines, and they -too suffered from the hands of the merciless -Portuguese. Hence, to-day, we see in Brazil -the negroes (of whom there are said to be some -four millions), the Indians, and the Portuguese-speaking -people of many nations, comprising -about twenty millions.</p> - -<p>In Central and Southern Argentina the -population is chiefly European. Buenos Aires,<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_16"></a>[16]</span> -the capital, is largely Italian, though a very -large number of British folk are living there. -In Peru nearly three-fourths of the people are -pure Indian, and Bolivia is mostly Indian as -well.</p> - -<p>For five long centuries this has indeed been -the Land of Darkness and of the “Christless -Cross.” Two thousand years ago, nearly, -Christ said to the Apostle Peter: “Feed My -lambs.” What have the so-called followers of -Peter done for the Lambs of South America? -Let us see.</p> -<hr class="chap" /> - -<div class="chapter"> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_17"></a>[17]</span> - -<h2 class="nobreak" id="CHAPTER_II">CHAPTER II<br /> - - -<small>BRAZILIAN BROWNIES</small></h2> -</div> - -<p><span class="smcap">Entering</span> the mouth of the mighty River -Amazon, we travel slowly by steamer right -away through Northern Brazil, past Manaos, -with wonderful forests on either side of us. -How hot and stifling it is, for we are journeying -through the Tropics!</p> - -<p>On we go, gliding past the crocodiles that -lie basking in the sun, and that lazily open one -eye at us or a huge mouth, the sight making -us shudder, but with a sense of devout thankfulness -that we are at a respectable distance! -No sound disturbs the quiet, except the ripple -of the water, and the screams of gaily-coloured -parrots. Now and again we hear a sound like -human voices, and straining our ears to listen -we find to our amusement that it comes from<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_18"></a>[18]</span> -monkeys chattering and quarrelling among -themselves.</p> - -<p>At length we branch off into one of the many -tributaries of the great river, the Yavari -for choice, which brings us to the borders of -Peru. Pitching our tent on the river-bank, -we settle down for a quiet evening. In front -of us is the Yavari River, filled with many -wonderful varieties of fish.</p> - -<p>Stretching away behind us is the forest, full -of strange and wonderful things. We are in -the home of the wild Indians, of whom there -are many, many tribes. They live by fishing -in the river, and hunting in the forest. There -are said to be one hundred different kinds of -fish, the largest of which is the King Herring, -weighing often as much as three hundred-weight. -When one gets weary of fish diet, -stewed monkey makes a pleasant variety, -and cooked alligator a nice change!</p> - -<p>Darkness has now fallen, and the stars are -out. No sound now but the humming of the<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_19"></a>[19]</span> -mosquitoes, which are the bane of the traveller’s -life in South America. Here in this great land -even the insects are on a large scale. Spiders, -jiggers, carrapatoes, ticks, and other insects -threaten to disturb our reverie. So if we would -escape such unwelcome attentions from blood-thirsty -mosquitoes, we must take shelter -under a net. But not yet; the night is cooler -than the day, and the fire-flies are out, like -vivid electric sparks, darting about us as we -lie and watch and dream of Paradise.</p> - -<p>By and by we fall asleep. Suddenly we -sit up, rubbing our eyes. What was that? -Listening, for we are wide awake now, we hear -a cry as of someone in distress. The dawn -has broken as suddenly as the darkness fell -last night. It always does so in the Tropics, -and the crying and wailing gradually die -away.</p> - -<p>Presently we hear a splash, something small -and dark has been thrown into the river, and -drifts slowly in our direction. Straining our<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_20"></a>[20]</span> -eyes to see what it is, we find to our horror -that it is a dear little brown baby, but quite -dead, and following in its wake is a huge -crocodile. Alas! Alas! Who is it that has -been so inhuman to a little child? We will -find out.</p> - -<p>Like scouts through the trees we stealthily -creep along, hardly daring to breathe, and -never once speaking above a whisper. Hark! -What is that? It is the tramp of many feet, -and away in the distance, across an open track, -we see a company of naked Indians in charge -of men clad in European clothing.</p> - -<p>In our eagerness to follow we almost stumble -over a brown form, lying so still. It is an -Indian woman, dead from a gun-shot wound, -and lying at the foot of the tree close by is a -little brown baby. We turn away from the -sickening sight, for the wee brownie’s brains -have been dashed out by one of the wicked -white men in charge of the Indian gang, now -quickly disappearing in the distance.</p> - - - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_21"></a>[21]</span>But we must hurry on, or we will lose them. -By and by they reach the rubber plantation, -the place where the rubber-trees abound. -The Brazilian and Peruvian forests are full of -rubber, and for six months in the year (the -other six months the land is under water) -these trees are “bled”—as it is called—by -the Indians for their taskmasters. The rubber -trees grow in groups of 100 to 150, each tree -yielding on an average eleven pounds of the -grey, sticky juice.</p> - -<p>Here the Indians, under pain of terrible -torture and death, were made to extract the -rubber. The method of doing so is by making -a V-shaped gash in the trunk, under which is -hung a little clay cup to catch the juice. To -each tree is this done in turn, and when the cups -are full they are emptied into a large cauldron -hanging on a tripod over a fire of pine-cones.</p> - -<p>After going through a certain process, the -juice becomes a hard, congealed mass. This -raw rubber is carried on the backs of Indians,<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_22"></a>[22]</span> -through the forest and over the mountains, -to the city of Iquitos, in Northern Peru; and -every year sufficient rubber is exported to -provide tyres for 300,000 motor-cars.</p> - -<p>In order to produce this rubber, the Indians -have been hunted through the forests like wild -beasts, and have been made to obtain the -rubber under the threats and taunts of ignorant -and cruel white men from neighbouring republics. -The Indians have been allowed a -certain time to get a certain quantity of rubber, -and if it has not been forthcoming the -Indians—men, women, and girls—have been flogged, -put into stocks, starved, tortured, and tormented -to death.</p> - -<p>Saddest and most cruel of all, the children -have not escaped, as we have already seen. -The mother has been killed because maybe -she was too ill or weary to walk any farther, -and her little ones, who would only be in the -way, have been either thrown into the river to -the alligators, or have had their heads smashed<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_23"></a>[23]</span> -against the trees, or been thrown away into -the forest alive to be devoured by wild animals.</p> - -<p>It was said to be a favourite pastime of some -of these so-called “civilized” (!) agents of the -rubber companies to sit round smoking, and -for a little diversion to have one or more of -these little brown children hung up on a tree, -and to shoot at them as a target—for sport!</p> - -<p>Think of the agony of suffering of these -children, flogged by wicked men, and even -burned alive, in order to force them to tell -where their parents were hidden. If those -rubber-trees could only speak, what awful -secrets they would reveal! Every thousand -tons of rubber that have come to our own -Christian land have cost seven Indian lives! -Who knows, my young reader, what tragedy -lies behind even the india-rubber ball with -which you play so skilfully, and yet lose so -carelessly!</p> - -<p>For ten long, weary years all this went on, -before we heard in England the wail of the<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_24"></a>[24]</span> -little brown children of the Brazilian and -Peruvian forests. Have the cries ceased? -God only knows, for the sounds are too far -away for us to catch them.</p> - -<p>Now I want to introduce you to some more -Brazilian babies, but of a very different kind. -So we will leave this “Paradise of Satan,” -and travel in an easterly direction, which will -take us through the heart of the continent.</p> - -<p>In the Amazon Valley there are many, many -tribes of savage Indians, who hide away as -we approach, thinking in their great fear that -we must be rubber-gatherers. Occasionally -we see a large space, where once stood an -Indian village, a place of ruins and desolation, -and along the tracks are human bones -lying bleached and dry, telling a silent, yet -eloquent story of what had been once living -forms.</p> - -<p>We, too, must be careful as we journey along, -for the Indians near this rubber region we are -leaving behind are in a dangerous mood, and<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_25"></a>[25]</span> -there is much to be feared from their deadly -blow-pipes. One little prick from the poisoned -arrow, and we would be dead in a very few -seconds. So we will proceed cautiously.</p> - -<p>As we get farther into the interior, we gradually -find the vegetation becoming more dense; -we enter the region of “Matto Grosso” (meaning, -in English, “Big Woods”), covering a -million square miles. You will see it on the -map, in the centre of the continent. This forest -swarms with monkeys, snakes, parrots, and -many kinds of beautiful birds.</p> - -<p>Most wonderful of all the plants are the -exquisite orchids, which grow luxuriantly on -the moss-covered boughs in the gloomiest parts -of the dark forest. They are beautiful both in -shape and colour—pink, white, and yellow. -Some spotted, and others striped with crimson.</p> - -<p>It may seem strange that such loveliness -should be hidden away from the eyes of all but -the God who made them, but it is the same -everywhere in this wonderful country. The<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_26"></a>[26]</span> -choicest flowers bloom unseen except by the -chance traveller, and the strangest animals -and birds hide in the most out-of-the-way -places. Some of the trees are fully two hundred -feet high, so that birds on the topmost branches -are safe from the hunter.</p> - -<p>Right in the heart of the forest is a dead -silence; no animal life is to be seen, though -probably there are swarms of monkeys, birds, -and other creatures hidden away in the tree-tops. -Female monkeys usually carry their -babies on their backs or shoulders, though -sometimes they are carried on the breast with -the legs and arms clasped round the body. -They are very fond of Brazil nuts, several of -which grow in one large, round shell, and in -order to get at them the monkey beats the shell -against the bough until it breaks and scatters -the nuts upon the ground beneath.</p> - -<p>South America has been spoken of as a -Christian country, and yet, here in Brazil, -which is large enough to include the whole of<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_27"></a>[27]</span> -the United States, and France as well, we find -many tribes of savage Indians, each tribe -speaking its own language, but to whom no -messenger of the Gospel of the Lord Jesus -Christ has ever been sent.</p> - -<p>Some of these tribes are large, some small, -many move about from place to place, and -others cannot be reached, so fearful are they -of showing themselves. It is, on this account, -exceedingly difficult to find out how many -Indians there are living in the continent. -There might be six millions, or the number -might possibly be nearer ten, no one can tell. -Tens of thousands have passed away without -ever having heard of the Saviour.</p> - -<p>They have their witch-doctors and their -religious feasts, and they live in constant dread -of evil spirits. Those who have come in contact -with so-called civilized white people are none the -better for it. In fact we can say, without any -hesitation whatever, that “the last state of -these people is worse than the first”; for<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_28"></a>[28]</span> -civilization without Christ is a far worse condition -than paganism.</p> - -<p>Just a few words more about these Brazilian -Brownies before we make our way to the coast. -From its birth the Indian baby is seldom parted -from its mother, until it learns to walk. A few -days after baby is born mother takes it to -the plantation, protecting the little head from -the heat of the sun by a banana leaf. When on -a visit to distant relatives they take all their -goods and chattels with them; and when paddling -down the river the little ones help father to -row, while mother sits at the helm nursing baby.</p> - -<p>While baby is very tiny mother carries her -in a broad, bark band which is hung over her -right shoulder. When baby grows bigger, -and is able to sit up by herself, she rides on -mother’s hip, supported by her encircling arm.</p> - -<div class="figcenter"><img src="images/i_028.jpg" alt="" /></div> -<p class="caption">BRAZILIAN BROWNIES FISHING</p> - -<p>The Indians do not spoil their children, -although they are very fond of them. They -believe in hardening their little ones, so the -girls and boys are bathed by their careful<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_29"></a>[29]</span> -mothers every day in cold water, in some shady -forest stream. Indian mothers are very fond -of playing with their children, and when a tiny -mite wants all her mother’s care the older ones -are handed over for “grannie” to look after.</p> - -<p>Mother loves to deck her little one with -necklaces, only I do not think we should say -they were pretty, for they are made either of -teeth or seeds. If you want to make an Indian -woman your friend, nothing will win her friendship -quicker than a present of a bead necklace -to her little child.</p> - -<p>Then no Indian mother thinks her little one’s -toilet is complete until she is painted red, though -I do not suppose we should think her at all -beautiful.</p> - -<p>Girls soon begin to help their mothers in -various ways, by looking after the smaller ones, -netting hammocks, making pottery, spinning -cotton, and learning to cultivate the fields and -to cook. But “the children’s souls, which God -is calling Sunward, spin on blindly in the dark.”</p> -<hr class="chap" /> - -<div class="chapter"> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_30"></a>[30]</span> - -<h2 class="nobreak">CHAPTER III<br /> - - -<small>BLOSSOM BABIES</small></h2> -</div> - -<p><span class="smcap">Leaving</span> our little Indian friends, we now make -our way through the State of Sao Paulo, in -South-Eastern Brazil, to the city of the same -name, which means “St Paul.” The climate -here is more temperate and healthy (except -in the lowlands near the sea-coast), which is -a pleasant change from the tropical heat of -Northern Brazil.</p> - -<p>Sao Paulo is very up-to-date, and more like -a modern European city than any other in -Brazil. Yet although many of the Portuguese-speaking -people who live here are educated, -they are very ignorant of the true religion of the -Lord Jesus Christ. Their religion, like that -of the people in every other city in South -America, consists chiefly in the worship of a<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_31"></a>[31]</span> -woman, the Virgin Mary, and there are very -many Roman Catholic feasts given in her -honour during the year.</p> - -<p>The mother of our Saviour is thus the object -of worship of many thousands of women and -children in South America to-day, and yet the -exaltation of the Virgin Mary has not by any -means uplifted these women and children; -on the contrary, their social, moral, and spiritual -state is worse than that of the women and -children of any heathen country. It is only -where the Lord Jesus Christ is worshipped -and upheld that mothers, sisters, and little -children are honoured, cared for, and put into -their proper place.</p> - -<p>In South America the Lord Jesus is either -represented as a little child in His mother’s -arms, as on the cross, or as lying dead in a -coffin. As the Saviour is thus misrepresented -to them, it is perhaps not to be wondered at -that these women and children, who do not -know the truth about His love, turn away from<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_32"></a>[32]</span> -the apparently dead Christ, to the warm, -kindly-looking, gaudily-decked figure of Mary, -about whom the Church of Rome says: “Come -unto Mary, all ye who are burdened and weary -with your sins, and she will give you rest.”</p> - -<p>It is to Mary and not to the Lord Jesus that -the children of South America are bidden to -turn.</p> - -<p>Think of your own happy childhood, of -mother and your bright home; of your church, -your Sunday-school, and your day-school; of -the bright, happy hours you spend in play; -of the laughing, chubby, clean, and healthy -children of our own cities. Think; and now -come with me through the city of Sao Paulo, -where we see people of all nations and colours, -from the blackest negro to the whitest European.</p> - -<div class="figcenter"><img src="images/i_032.jpg" alt="" /></div> -<p class="caption">PALMS, LILIES AND BABY BLOSSOMS</p> - -<p>We will pay a visit to some bright, budding -blossoms of humanity who have been gathered -from streets and places of wickedness, and -planted in a beautiful Home standing in its -own grounds, lying on the outskirts of the town.<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_33"></a>[33]</span> -Here thirty-six little human “blossoms” live -and flourish under the motherly and fatherly -care of Mr and Mrs Cooper, their daughter, and -other workers.</p> - -<p>The story of the first “blossom” is that while -Mr and Mrs Cooper were doing missionary -work in another part of Brazil, a little baby -girl was given to them by her mother, who was -quite out of her mind. The poor wee mite was -little more than skin and bones, but loving care -and plenty of good food soon transformed her -into a bonnie maiden.</p> - -<p>To describe all these thirty-six “blossoms” -would fill a book. The Blossom Home is one -of the brightest spots in Brazil to-day, and it -is a real joy to leave the city and to hurry -away at sunset over the low fields, with the -wide sky on all sides coloured always with -different hues, and the fresh, cool breath of -evening, while a bevy of expectant children -await your appearance under the pines and -palms of the walk to the house. That these<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_34"></a>[34]</span> -little ones were ever poor, or diseased, or -homeless, does not seem possible as we mingle -with them at the evening play-hour.</p> - -<p>That Tecla was ever anything but a sweet-faced -yellow-haired child, that Baby was -ever thin and wrinkled, that Bepy was ever -serious, or Rosa not always happy, seems so -long ago as not to belong to the present age -of the Home. One “blossom” came all the -way from Maranham, a city more than 2000 -miles away from Sao Paulo, which shows -how much such orphanages are needed in -Brazil.</p> - -<p>It would be nice to stay here and make -their further acquaintance, to see the little -ones in the kindergarten, and the older ones -at their lessons. It would be interesting to -spend a Sunday at this haven, and to see the -keen interest they display in missions and -missionaries.</p> - -<p>During the week, at morning worship they -are trained to look out over the whole world,<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_35"></a>[35]</span> -and to pray for a particular place each day. -At Sunday-school they, of their own accord, -have a collection amongst themselves, and -every week they try to do something extra, -for which they are paid, and out of this they -freely give to the missionary box. They send -to the child-widows of India, to the school -for blind children at Jerusalem, and to other -missions in which they are interested.</p> - -<p>We would like to watch them, too, at their -work, for they are all busy little bees, and -what a hive of happy industry it is—dairying, -poultry-raising, laundry, kitchen, housework, -and gardening! The reason why we cannot -stay for more than a flying visit is because -there is no room for us, and if not for us, then -for no one else, for the Home is already more -than full.</p> - -<p>“The girls’ dormitories hold fourteen beds, -and there are twenty girls! Baby Grace -sleeps in a cot beside the bed of ‘Mother’ and -‘Daddy,’ but the other five have to sleep in<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_36"></a>[36]</span> -the dining-room, which means making up -beds at bedtime. The walls of the Home are -not made of india-rubber, so they cannot -be stretched to receive any more ‘blossoms.’ -What is then to be done? Applications are -constantly coming in, a recent one being for -a motherless baby girl of a month old. How -the heart of Christ must yearn over these -little ones of whom He said when here on -earth: ‘Of such is the Kingdom of Heaven!’”</p> -<hr class="chap" /> - -<div class="chapter"> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_37"></a>[37]</span> - -<h2 class="nobreak">CHAPTER IV<br /> - - -<small>PARAGUAYAN PICCANINNIES</small></h2> -</div> - -<p><span class="smcap">Our</span> next visit is to the Republic of Paraguay, -so, leaving Sao Paulo, we will travel in a -westerly direction, though really, in order to -reach Paraguay in the proper way we should -make our way to Santos, and embark on a -steamer for Buenos Aires, in Argentina, which -is situated at the mouth of the Silver River, -called by the Spanish-speaking people of -Argentina “Rio de la Plata.”</p> - -<p>From Buenos Aires all missionaries travel -up this river to Paraguay, but as we are not -ordinary travellers, but extraordinary, we make -our way to the banks of the River Paraguay. -Here we must pause for a moment. -Behind us is civilization; before us is heathenism -and the unknown. Across the river lies<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_38"></a>[38]</span> -the “Gran Chaco” (Great Hunt), the Indian’s -land, about which one hears all kinds of queer -stories. There is something fascinating about -“an unknown people in an unknown land,” -and so curiosity prompts us to cross and -explore.</p> - -<p>But it was something more than mere -curiosity which took Mr W. Barbrooke Grubb, -of the South American Missionary Society, -among the Lengua Indians—a burning desire -to tell these dusky people of a God of Love. -So one day this quiet, resolute Englishman, -with a purposeful air which reminded one -strangely of David Livingstone, walked into -the Indian encampment, letting them know -by his manner that he had come to stay.</p> - -<p>Still it is with the little people we wish to -make friends. So climbing into a bullock-cart—for -we are now on the other side of the -river—we make our way slowly across swampy -plains until we come to a palm forest, where -some Lengua Indians are encamped. Boys<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_39"></a>[39]</span> -and girls with browny-red skin, black eyes, -and long black hair are playing about just -like English children—only they are not -very merry or full of fun, but are, oh, so -dirty!</p> - -<p>The boys have one garment, a little blanket -of many patterns and colours, which is twisted -round the waist in the hot weather, but worn -round the shoulders when cold. They deck -themselves with ostrich feathers, bead necklaces, -shells, and sheep’s teeth. The feathers -are worn in the hair; also round the ankles, -to protect them from the biting of the snakes -which lurk in the long grass.</p> - -<p>The girls also have one garment, a skirt -made of deer skin. They, too, wear beads and -other ornaments like their brothers, though -they are not decked out like the boys.</p> - -<p>Leaving our bullock-cart, we walk right -into the camp. What queer houses the people -live in! Just a few branches of trees stuck -in the ground, with some palm leaves and a<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_40"></a>[40]</span> -handful of grass on the top. There are no -windows or doors, and no furniture inside, -but just a few deer skins on the ground, which -serve as beds. Everything is put on the -ground, for there are no shelves or cupboards, -and all looks dirty and untidy.</p> - -<p>Presently the father comes in from the hunt, -bringing an animal which he has killed with -his bow and arrow. Sometimes he brings a -deer, an ostrich, or a wild pig. To-night it is -an ostrich. He drops his load a little way off, -and the women and children go and bring it -in. It is supper-time, and they are all hungry. -First they take off the skin carefully, for that -will make a new skirt for the little girl, or a -bed for her brother.</p> - -<p>Everyone now works hard. Boys and girls -fetch water and wood, and fan up the fire. -Soon the meat in the pot is cooked, and the -children pass the word round that supper is -ready. The pot is lifted off the fire, everybody -sits on the ground in a circle round<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_41"></a>[41]</span> -it, and they get out their horn spoons, though -generally they use their fingers.</p> - -<div class="figcenter"><img src="images/i_040.jpg" alt="" /></div> -<p class="caption">A PARAGUAYAN CHRISTIAN FAMILY</p> - -<p>Each child gets a large piece of meat in its -hands. There is no waiting, no blessing asked, -but all eat until everything is finished, while -the crowd of hungry dogs around try to steal -pieces out of the pot.</p> - -<p>Then the pipe is passed round; and the -father tells how he saw the ostrich, how he -dressed himself up with leaves and twigs to -look like a tree and stalked the bird. Presently -he got near enough to shoot it with his -arrow. He tells also how, in coming home, -he saw a tiger in the forest, and later on killed -a snake. It is a long, long story, but the -children listen eagerly, and next day they -act it all over in their play.</p> - -<p>Now it is bedtime. If we were Indians -we would all choose a place as near the fire -as possible, not so much for the warmth, -as to escape the unwelcome attentions of -our diminutive friends, the mosquitoes. We<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_42"></a>[42]</span> -would spread out our little skin beds, or if -you had not one of your own, you would -cuddle up with the other children, always -putting the tiny tots and any sick ones in -the middle. And while you are in slumberland -the dogs crouch near. Over you spreads -the blue sky, with the beautiful moon shining -down upon you in company with the myriad -stars.</p> - -<p>But you will not sleep for long: a weird cry -rings out through the silent night, the cry of -some animal or bird, and, starting up in a -frightened way, the Indian shakes his rattle -to frighten away the evil spirit.</p> - -<p>The fire has to be kept up all night while -the children sleep, and the dogs must be -watched in case they try to reach the tasty -piece of ostrich hung up in the neighbouring -tree for breakfast. You will probably be disturbed, -too, by the barking of wolves or the snarl -of a tiger, as they prowl round the encampment.</p> - -<p>In the morning everybody is on the move,<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_43"></a>[43]</span> -for these Lengua Indians do not stay long in -one place. Pots and pans are collected, together -with gourds and skins, and put into -big nets which the women are expected to -carry. The men go on in front with their -bows and arrows, so that they may be ready -for any dangers, such as tigers, or to shoot -any game for food.</p> - -<p>Three children can ride astride a horse or -mule, although it is exceptional for an Indian -to have either; or a mother and two little -ones can travel thus—one tied in front and -one behind round her waist. But very often -you would have to walk on and on, through -swamps and over wide, hot plains, always on -the look-out for something to eat.</p> - -<p>Sometimes there is no water, and the -children are only too glad to stoop and scrape -up the muddy dregs in the print of a horse’s -hoof, or else they look for the caraguata plant, -which generally has a little water at the bottom -of its long, prickly leaves.</p> - - - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_44"></a>[44]</span>On the sandy plains there are tiny insects -which burrow into the feet, and make them -swell until they are very, very sore. Sometimes -so many of these insects get in that you -can scarcely walk at all.</p> - -<p>All at once someone catches sight of a herd -of wild pigs feeding; then away go our little -Indian friends, snatching up sticks, to chase -and if they can to capture a pig.</p> - -<p>At night-fall another halt is made, this -time by a stream, for there are fish and alligators -to make a splendid meal. So all the -things are unpacked, and the houses of twigs -and leaves are soon erected. A big fire is -kindled, and after an “alligator” supper, -quiet once more reigns in the camp as another -night falls, wooing the Chaco children to -sleep under the twinkling stars.</p> - -<p>The Lengua Indians are very fond of their -children, but they seldom correct them when -they are naughty. If mother should attempt -to correct them, father very unwisely interferes,<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_45"></a>[45]</span> -so I am afraid a great many Chaco -children are spoilt.</p> - -<p>When Mr W. Barbrooke Grubb came to the -Gran Chaco the Indians showed him plainly -by their manner that they did not want him. -This, however, did not discourage him in the -least, but only spurred him on to try to win -their favour. He made himself one with -them; he learned their customs and their -language; he travelled when they travelled, -took part in their feasts, and lived exactly as -they did—until finally he won their confidence -and love. How they needed the Gospel, for -they were in gross heathen darkness! They -had no religious customs, though they had -their witch-doctors, and lived in constant -dread of evil spirits.</p> - -<p>Amongst the Indians here “baby-killing,” -which grown-up people call “infanticide,” is -sadly very common. “Superstition,” writes -Mr Grubb, “causes many of these deaths. -Girl babies, if they are born first, are put to<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_46"></a>[46]</span> -death; deformed children are also killed, -and twins are never allowed to live. Many -die through want of care during the first -years of childhood.”</p> - -<p>How heartless such customs seem! Yet -there is something still more sad, which has -to do with their beliefs. For many years Mr -Grubb tried to show the Indians “the better -way,” and to do away with the cruel practice -of killing their babies.</p> - -<p>Their burial rites are very weird, and no -funeral ever takes place after sunset. If, -therefore, a sick Indian is likely to die in the -night, before sunrise, they bury her or him -before the sun goes down, even though the -spirit may not have left the body, break up -their camp, and move away before they settle -down for the night.</p> - -<p>The mother of a dear little Indian girl -became very ill one day. The husband, who -really loved his wife, did all he could to make -her well, but in spite of this she gradually<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_47"></a>[47]</span> -grew worse instead of better. When he saw -that she could not possibly live, and that all -hope was gone he left her alone.</p> - -<p>There she lay, outside the hut, with a reed -matting over her face, her life fast ebbing -away. It was about an hour before sunset. -The Indians were getting restless, when the -missionary walked into their midst. Seeing -the form on the ground, he stooped down, -taking the matting from the Indian woman’s -face.</p> - -<p>She whispered: “Water.” Reluctantly it -was brought by the Indian husband, but a -few minutes later she became quite unconscious. -The eyes of the Indians were anxiously -looking, not towards the dying woman, but -toward the sinking sun, for she must be buried -before sunset. They would all have to pack -up and hurry away to a new camping place, -where the woman’s spirit could not follow.</p> - -<p>Impatiently they stepped forward, but -were waved back by the missionary. Her<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_48"></a>[48]</span> -grave was ready, everything was prepared -for the funeral rites.</p> - -<p>“The spirit has not left her yet,” he said; -“do not touch her.”</p> - -<p>“But we must hasten, or darkness will be -upon us before we leave,” replied the husband; -“we cannot break our custom.”</p> - -<p>The missionary held them off as long as he -could, till finally they bore her away. Stepping -into their hut, he heard a faint noise, -and seeing a small, dark object on the floor, -he stooped down and tenderly lifted up the -now motherless baby girl. What a dear, wee, -brown living thing she was!</p> - -<p>Turning round he saw her father, who held -out his arms saying that he had come to take -her away to be buried with her mother. The -missionary gazed at him with horror in his -eyes.</p> - -<p>“Oh, but you are not going to kill her, -surely?” said he, hugging Baby closer.</p> - -<p>“Of course not,” said the father; “we are<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_49"></a>[49]</span> -going to put her in the ground alive. It is our -custom!”</p> - -<p>He did not think about the cruelty of such -a proceeding. It was part of their religion, -and, therefore, must be carried out. So there -was a tussle between the father and the missionary -for the Chaco baby’s life, and I am glad to -say the missionary won, but the Indians did -not like it at all.</p> - -<p>The first thing to be considered was what to -give baby to eat, and the second problem how -to get her to the mission-station a hundred -miles away. Finding that no Indian woman -would help him in the matter of nursing and -feeding her, he saw that he would have to be -both mother and nurse to her himself.</p> - -<p>What could he give “Brownie”? Well, -God showed him what to do, so she was kept -alive on rice water and goat’s milk, which the -missionary gently squirted into her mouth from -his mouth, and on egg and milk, these being the -chief items in Baby’s diet.</p> - - - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_50"></a>[50]</span>After miles and days of riding on horseback, -with five Indians to show the missionary the -way, they at length reached the mission-station, -and Baby was handed over to a kind motherly -missionary. I am sorry to say, however, that -Baby Hope (for that is the name the missionaries -gave her), was taken ill six months afterwards, -and died, and she was laid to rest on the banks -of the River Paraguay.</p> - -<p>How sad it is to think that there have been -many of these little ones who were not so -fortunate in being rescued from a living grave -like Baby Hope! But these Indians are learning -that Jesus loves the little children in the -Chaco. For nearly thirty years the missionaries -of the South American Missionary Society have -been working here for the preserving and uplifting -of the children, and to-day they are being -rewarded by seeing many Christian Indian -homes established.</p> - -<p>There are day-schools, Sunday-schools, and -schools of industry where the older boys and girls<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_51"></a>[51]</span> -are learning how to become useful men and -women. Carpentering, house-building, agriculture, -cooking, laundry, and housework are -now taking the place of wandering, hunting, -dancing, and feasting, which, with them, have -now become things of the past.</p> - -<p>There are many other Indian tribes in Paraguay -yet to be reached, so we will leave the -Gran Chaco, and once more crossing the river -we come back to civilization—but not to stay, -our destination being Santa Teresa, in South-Eastern -Paraguay. We must travel on horseback -now, for there are no smooth roads; so, -accompanied by Mr John Hay, of the Inland-South -America Missionary Union, we proceed -on our journey. For the benefit of those who -did not go with him he wrote an account of his -experiences. In his diary he says:—</p> - -<p>“When we entered the dense forests the -Indian tracks soon became impassable for men -on horseback. We could no longer ride, and -in some places we were obliged to travel barefoot,<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_52"></a>[52]</span> -in deep mud, leading our horses as best we -could, while we stumbled on over the roots of -trees and interlacing bamboo creepers.</p> - -<p>“Led by a native guide, we found the Indians -hidden away behind the shelter of almost impassable -swamps, across which we could not -take our horses—amid the most savage conditions, -and in great poverty. Some of them -had a little maize, but for the most part they -appeared to live on wild fruits, roots, reptiles, -caterpillars, or anything procurable by hunting -and fishing. For clothing, they wore only loin-cloths, -and bands of women’s hair twisted round -the legs below the knees and round the wrists.</p> - -<p>“Their faces were painted in curious patterns, -with some black pigment, and in some cases -mutilated by a hole in the lower lip, through -which a long appendage of resinous gum protruded, -hanging down in front of the chin. -They were armed with long powerful bows, -from which they can shoot, with deadly effect, -arrows pointed with long, hard, wooden barbs.<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_53"></a>[53]</span> -Some of these arrows measure over six feet in -length.</p> - -<p>“Some of the women were busily weaving -their little loin-cloths, made from fine cotton -fibre, on rude square frames made with four -branches of a tree firmly fixed in the ground.”</p> - -<p>It is to these Indians and their little children -that Mr Hay and his fellow-workers seek to -minister. A mission-station has been built -here in the wilds, under tremendous difficulties -and very trying conditions. “The Indians -are scattered in very small companies, sometimes -merely families, over immense areas; -they are constantly moving their dwellings”—their -chief idea being to get away from the one -they think their greatest enemy—the white -man!</p> - -<p>It has, therefore, been uphill work to win the -confidence of these Indians; but God, who -is always on the side of the missionaries, has -rewarded their patient, prayerful, and persevering -efforts, so that now quite a number of the<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_54"></a>[54]</span> -Indians, recognizing the missionaries as their -friends, are seeking them out. At one time, -when the maize and mandioca crops failed, -the people had to eat rats and wild animals of -the forest. The missionaries gave them work -to do and paid them in food. “At first they -were very shy, especially the women, but as -they got to know them their shyness wore off, -and even the little children began to feel at home -with them.”</p> - -<p>It will take us too long to visit the other -I.S.A.M.U. Stations. If we had time we could -go to Caaguazw, the base from which the -missionaries work among the Forest Indians; -to Villarica, the third city in Paraguay, where -there is a school for the children of English-speaking -people, and where the Roman Catholic -officials have warned their people not to send -their children to the Protestant schools, for -Rome prefers to keep her little ones ignorant.</p> - -<p>Had we time to linger in Concepcion, the -second city of the republic, situated on the<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_55"></a>[55]</span> -River Paraguay, with its 14,000 inhabitants, -we should be able to learn something of the -missionary work carried on there amongst the -children. Here as elsewhere, the Roman -Catholic priests are very hostile, and do all -they can to hinder the work of Christ amongst -these little ones.</p> - -<p>Just before we leave Paraguay, we must have -a peep at the children who are not Indians, -but the natives of the country. The Paraguayan -children go about naked from three -to four years of age until they go to school; -the Paraguayans of the town are, of course, -better dressed. The boys are very fond of -hunting birds, with bows and marbles of hard -clay. These bows have two strings each, with -a little rag on the strings on which the marble -is placed. It shoots a good distance, and can -kill good-sized birds.</p> - -<p>The Paraguayans, like other peoples, have -bad habits—such as drinking, card-playing, -swearing, and smoking. Even little boys of<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_56"></a>[56]</span> -three and four years of age are sometimes seen -smoking, while their parents just look on and -smile! Alas, that this religion of “baptized -paganism” should prevail everywhere, and -that the boys and girls of Paraguay should be -bought and sold to Paraguayan masters to be -their slaves!</p> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> - -<div class="verse">The young, young children, Oh my brothers,</div> -<div class="indent">They are weeping bitterly!</div> -<div class="verse">They are weeping in the playtime of the others,</div> -<div class="indent">In the country of the free.</div> -</div></div> - -<p>“It is not the will of your Father that one -of these little ones should perish.”</p> -<hr class="chap" /> - -<div class="chapter"> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_57"></a>[57]</span> - -<h2 class="nobreak">CHAPTER V<br /> - - -<small>ARGENTINE ALL-SORTS</small></h2> -</div> - -<p><span class="smcap">Argentina</span>, the Land of the Silver River, is, -after Brazil, the next Republic in size in South -America. It is the most progressive from a -worldly point of view, and from a spiritual -standpoint also it is going forward steadily.</p> - -<p>This is not strange, seeing that the people -who live in Central and Southern Argentina -are mainly European, and British people have -an enormous commercial and financial interest -in that land; but nevertheless we cannot get -away from the fact that this Land of the Silver -River lacks in many places the streams of Living -Water which God is so patiently waiting to -flood through human channels to hundreds of -girls and boys who do not know Him. We -should really, therefore, take a very great interest -in Argentina for more than one reason.</p> - - - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_58"></a>[58]</span>From Paraguay we will make a journey into -Northern Argentina. Travelling through the -sugar plantations, we finally reach San Pedro, -where the sugar-crushing mills are at work, -for it is harvest time and hundreds of Indians -are employed cutting the cane.</p> - -<p>Everything is in full swing, and dusky forms -are flitting here, there, and everywhere, some -cutting the cane with long knives, while the -Indian women carry it away and lay it in heaps. -Here, after the leaves and top ends are cut off, -the cane is thrown into trucks, which are taken -to the factory by a small engine drawing twelve -or thirteen trucks. We will go and see how -the cane goes in at one end and nice white sugar -comes out at the other end. The sugar, after -being sewn up in bags, is taken away in big, -heavy carts, with high broad wheels.</p> - -<p>At another sugar plantation 3000 Indians -are employed. They come from Southern -Bolivia and the Gran Chaco to work from three -to five months among the sugar cane, and then<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_59"></a>[59]</span> -return to their own country. There are several -tribes, the most civilized being the Chiriguards -from Bolivia, who are cleaner and more intelligent -than the rest. There are the Tobas, another -warlike tribe, who go about almost naked. -They are dirty and savage looking. Also the -Matacos, who are sadder looking than the rest.</p> - -<p>The South American Missionary Society is -endeavouring to reach these people in San -Pedro and San Antonio. Mr R. J. Hunt says, -of his second visit amongst the Indians in the -Argentine Chaco:—</p> - -<p>“A day or two after my arrival I went to -the village seeking my assistant, Sixto, and -found the house deserted and the household -goods removed. Glancing in and out among -the trees, I found all the huts likewise vacated, -but presently I espied two solitary little girls -of six or seven years of age playing near one -of the huts; and on approaching, instead of -scampering away like frightened animals, they -remained quite still, and shyly but very clearly<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_60"></a>[60]</span> -explained to me, with many gestures, that the -man whom I sought had built another house -on the other side of the road. Only those who -have attempted to tame one, know the wild, -shy nature of a little Indian girl!</p> - -<p>“The other day I went to visit the Mataco -Camp at Mira Flores, and at the sound of my -voice a young fellow came forward with a broad -smile on his face and saluted me. A little -girl instantly sidled up to me, and immediately -from several huts came the women to smile -recognition of me.</p> - -<p>“Then the men flocked round. I speak -specially about the women, because their rule -is that when a stranger visits their camp the -women keep in the background, or peep out -through their well-ventilated grass-huts; but -these people were from Tres Pozos, and they -had seen me squatting round their fires, -and moving freely in and out among their -friends. I was no longer a stranger but one of -themselves.”</p> - - - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_61"></a>[61]</span>We will now make our way southward through -Argentina, travelling for many miles from one -city to another by mule back. They are inhabited -by children of all nations, but speaking -the one common language of Spanish. These -cities have their churches, convents and -cathedrals, and everywhere you see priests -and so-called “holy” women.</p> - -<p>In Cordoba, the Brethren are doing a splendid -missionary work. Mr and Mrs Will Payne and -their children, with Miss Emily Reynolds, and -others are seeking to win the children to Christ.</p> - -<p>A priest was holding a service at one of -the Roman Catholic churches. Amongst other -things he promised everyone present that -evening seven years’ release from purgatory -for their attendance at the service! A rich -young lady promised candles to one of the -Virgins, if her prayers were answered.</p> - -<p>In the Sunday-school work only the better-class -children are being reached, as for the most -part the poor children live so far away.</p> - - - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_62"></a>[62]</span>In San Martin, a village near Cordoba, a -little Sunday-morning school has been started. -There are always a few listeners at the door, -who are afraid to come in. When invited to -enter they say: “No, I must not, you are -heretics!” One of the Sunday-school boys, -who attended a day-school under the supervision -of Roman Catholics, was expelled because -it was discovered that he attended the little -morning Sunday-school.</p> - -<p>How helpless the missionaries are in matters -like these! For the power of Rome is very -great in these fanatical places. But this little -difficulty was speedily removed, for a Spanish -woman who had recently come from Spain -had been a day-school teacher before her -marriage in a missionary school in Spain! She -felt constrained to open a day-school here, and -so the children who attended the Sunday-school -went also to the day-school.</p> - -<p>Best of all the Word of God is read and -taught every morning for half an hour. How<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_63"></a>[63]</span> -true the proverb is: “What you put into the -life of a nation, you must put into its schools.”</p> - -<p>There was an orphan school kept by a few -Christians who loved little children, a few -miles out of Cordoba. A little boy was very -ill, dying of consumption; and he was brought -to a hospital in the city. The little fellow -knew the Gospel, and had his Testament with -him. His precious Book was taken away from -him; and although he was so ill he was given -no peace till he was driven to confess to a -priest and renounce the Gospel.</p> - -<p>Then they tried to stop the missionary’s -visits, but, in defiance of the Catholic nurse, -and on the ground that the missionary had -brought up the orphan child, she got through -to see him before he died.</p> - -<p>Children take part in the religious festivals -of the Roman Church, especially the feasts of -the Virgin, of which there are very many. One -of the chief festivals is that of the “Virgin -Mercedes.” The image is taken out of the great<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_64"></a>[64]</span> -Church that bears her name, in order that, -according to an ancient custom, she may release -four prisoners.</p> - -<p>This Virgin is reckoned to be very miraculous. -She is supposed, years ago, to have given special -victory in an Argentine battle. In commemoration -of this, every year she is solemnly taken -down from her niche, and paraded with great -pomp to release any four prisoners she chooses.</p> - -<p>Let us turn aside and see this great sight. -The route of the procession is lined, almost -packed, with people. Cordoba being a large -and so-called religious city, practically everybody -is out to watch with us. At last we see -the procession; it is slowly returning to the -church. How long it is! For we find by our -watches that it has taken twenty minutes -to pass.</p> - -<div class="figcenter"><img src="images/i_064.jpg" alt="" /></div> -<p class="caption">A CONVENTILLO IN THE ARGENTINE CAPITAL</p> - -<p>Heads are bared as the robed priests and -choir boys, with lights and lanterns, come -into view. Such crowds of women follow! -Little children dressed in white follow on,<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_65"></a>[65]</span> -carrying silk banners. At length, to the -muffled sound of the drum, and well protected -by armed soldiers, comes the Virgin, carried -aloft.</p> - -<p>The excitement is now at its highest. -Women are throwing flowers from the balconies -to the Virgin. All are anxious to -catch sight of the four prisoners at whose -feet the Virgin had been made to drop a free -pardon. Then follow in the rear more soldiers -as a further escort.</p> - -<p>In spite of all these feasts, the priests feel -they are losing their hold upon the people, -especially the women; and in order to revive -religious sentiment cinematograph pictures -are being shown in one of the churches to -attract more worshippers. To lose the women -is also to lose the children, the men they have -already lost.</p> - -<p>On our way to the capital of Buenos Aires, -we pass miles of waving corn, with great expanses -of grassland upon which graze hundreds<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_66"></a>[66]</span> -of sheep and cattle. Here and there, too, we -see ranches where the owners of the wheat-fields -and cattle live.</p> - -<p>Who are these people? Not foreigners, -but our own British men and women, miles -away from any city and from civilization.</p> - -<p>There is no church for them to go to, so -Sunday is the same as any other day; but -occasionally they receive a visit from the -chaplain of the South American Missionary -Society. More often than not, they are without -any spiritual help whatever, and yet how -much we owe to them!</p> - -<p>Supposing we had no church or Sunday-school, -no one to tell us of the beautiful -things of God—how we should miss it all! -And yet here are these people living out on -the plains of Argentina, with their little -children, tending the sheep, and reaping the -corn, all of which is for our material benefit.</p> - -<p>The sheep and cattle are killed and put into -the freezing-houses in Buenos Aires; the<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_67"></a>[67]</span> -wheat is harvested and made into flour, and -all is shipped from the docks every week, to -England and other parts of the world. Shall -we not send them news of the Bread of Life -which perisheth not, so that the boys and -girls of Argentina may know about the Lord -Jesus Christ?</p> - -<p>Now we are in <i>the</i> city of the whole continent, -Buenos Aires. The houses are flat-roofed -and have no chimneys, for the very -simple reason that they have no fires. Most -of the cooking is done either on a charcoal -brazier or on a gas or oil stove. Most of the -streets are very narrow, especially the older -ones. The newer streets are made much -wider, and down the centre are avenues of -trees.</p> - -<p>House rent here, as in every other South -American city, is very, very high, so that the -poor people live in “conventillos” such as -you see here. “This is a form of slum peculiar -to South America consisting of a square, or<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_68"></a>[68]</span> -courtyard surrounded by buildings one or -two stories high. A ‘conventillo’ sometimes -contains as many as a hundred families, each -one crowded into a single room, opening on -to the common square. Here the women -wash, and cook, and sew, and gossip and -drink ‘maté’ with their friends (the native -tea of the continent is grown in Paraguay). -Here also the children swarm and quarrel at -their games.”</p> - -<p>Buenos Aires is a most cosmopolitan city, -full of life, gaiety, and commercial activity; -and yet so full of wickedness that many a -mother’s boy has been ruined for eternity.</p> - -<p>There are numerous factories of various -kinds in the city and neighbourhood, in which -hundreds of girls and boys are employed. In -the richer homes the girls are kept very -secluded by their mothers, having no purpose -in life but just to dress up and make themselves -look nice.</p> - -<p>In the hot months everyone rises with the<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_69"></a>[69]</span> -sun, and the first substantial meal, called -“almuorzo” (breakfast) is taken at 11.30. -The hottest part of the day is spent in “siesta” -(sleep), under a mosquito net, on a shady -verandah, after which you have a cold bath -and dress ready for visitors, or go visiting -yourself.</p> - -<p>To speak of work amongst children in the -Province of Buenos Aires would fill a book. -The Christian workers of the Evangelical -Union of South America are doing noble work -in the Sunday-schools. We have not time -to visit Tres Arroyos, where each Sunday -two hundred children listen to the “Old, Old -Story of Jesus and His Love,” or Las Flores, -Coronel Suarez, Campana, or San Fernando, -where the children are gathered together -Sunday by Sunday.</p> - -<p>The difference between these Argentine -children and ourselves is just this, that everything -here in Britain is done to help the -children, and to surround them with a pure<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_70"></a>[70]</span> -atmosphere and holy influences. Out there -it is not so; everything is against the children -growing up to be even morally good men and -women.</p> - -<p>They are so familiar with sin that their -sense of sin is destroyed, and they are therefore -harder to reach than pure pagans. If -ever a city needed a “Blossom Home,” it is -Buenos Aires, where we find children of all -nations.</p> - -<p>One of the finest institutions for children -and young people in the whole of this continent -is, however, to be seen here at the present -day. We cannot leave Argentina without -paying a visit to the suburb of Palermo, -where are situated the schools superintended -by the Rev. William Case Morris, the “Dr -Barnardo of South America.”</p> - -<p>While in business, in the Boca district of -the city, some years ago, Mr Morris saw the -poverty and ignorance of the children about -him, and he longed to see something done for<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_71"></a>[71]</span> -them. Of his own accord, and with his own -private funds, he commenced a school for -poor children. Upon this he spent years of -labour and much money, seeking to better -the lot of his juvenile friends.</p> - -<p>With the South American Missionary Society -at his back, he established day-schools, Sunday-schools, -and schools of industry, through -which hundreds of Spanish-speaking children -have passed since their foundation.</p> - -<p>Who are the scholars? With the exception -of a very small number we find they are children -of the poorest class. Many are children -of invalid parents, others of widowed mothers. -In the case of several, the father is serving -a long term of imprisonment for crime. Some -are almost alone in the world; many are quite -alone—“nobody’s children,” waifs, to whom -life is a dreary, desolate solitude.</p> - -<p>Numbers of the children had been surrounded -by an atmosphere of ignorance and -sin, and would a few years later have been a<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_72"></a>[72]</span> -cause of trouble to the police, had it not been -for such an institution as this. It is not only -a training place for the mind, but a school -for character, where the children’s souls are -lifted out of the mire and trained in the atmosphere -of heaven.</p> - -<p>What sweetening influences must now be -at work, where every youth and maiden is -who has passed through this school! Think -of the five thousand who are being trained to -be witnesses for Christ to their own people in -this continent, where we see still so much -darkness, degradation, and superstition.</p> - -<p>The whole secret of successful work amongst -Spanish-speaking children is splendidly summed -up by Mrs Strachan, an E.U.S.A. missionary -in Tandil. She says:—</p> - -<p>“Our work in the Sunday-school makes us -feel more than ever the pressing and immediate -need of day-schools. It seems impossible in -one short hour to make an impression on the -children.</p> - - - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_73"></a>[73]</span>“How can you teach a child that a lie is a -lie, when lies are told at home and in day-school? -How can you make him understand -that to steal is a sin when everybody else tells -him that the only sin about it is to be found -out?</p> - -<p>“The child of South America is up against -all that sort of thing; it is the very air he -breathes during the week.</p> - -<p>“He comes to us for an hour on Sunday; -how much do you think can be done to press -home these powerful influences? We are -more than ever convinced that if we are to -do in this country a work that will take deep -root downward, and bear fruit upward, the -children must be got hold of, placed in the -right atmosphere, and taught on the right -lines. For this we must get the day-schools -and get them quickly.”</p> -<hr class="chap" /> - -<div class="chapter"> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_74"></a>[74]</span> - -<h2 class="nobreak">CHAPTER VI<a id="FNanchor_1" href="#Footnote_1" class="fnanchor">[A]</a><br /> - - -<small>DIMINUTIVE DWELLERS IN THE LAND OF FIRE</small></h2> -</div> - -<p>“<span class="smcap">More</span> than one hundred years ago God sent -a baby boy to Mr and Mrs Gardiner. They -called him Allen Francis. He had four elder -brothers, and as the lads romped and played -games and learned lessons together, they would -have been ever so much surprised if they could -have taken a peep into the future, and seen -what wonderful adventures in strange lands, -among strange people, and what terrible dangers -and difficulties were in store for little Allen.</p> - -<p>“He always said he ‘meant to be a sailor, -and travel all over the world,’ and one night -when Mrs Gardiner went to tuck him up and -give him a good-night kiss, she found his bed<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_75"></a>[75]</span> -empty, and her little boy fast asleep on the -hard floor—‘getting hardened and used to -roughing it,’ he told her. When thirteen years -old he went to the Naval College at Portsmouth -for two years, and then his life as a sailor began.</p> - -<p>“Who will come in thought with me and pay -a visit to the Land of Fire? Before we -start, let us remember that first we take a long -leap into the past—we jump backwards over -fifty years—for we want to join our dear old -friend and sailor Captain Allen Gardiner.</p> - -<p>“We shall certainly all need our strongest -boots and thickest wraps and waterproofs, -as we join our sailor hero. Sleet and hail are -beating around the boat on all sides, and every -few minutes a wave dashes across the bows. -When we land on one of the Islands, and trudge -along by the Captain’s side, on one of his exploring -expeditions, we find the mud more than -knee-deep in many places.</p> - -<p>“We shall find the natives a very miserable -lot of people. They have no form of worship,<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_76"></a>[76]</span> -no idols; they know nothing whatever of -God. There is not even a word in their language -to express the name of God. They are Indians, -and divided into many different tribes, all at -enmity with each other; always quarrelling -and at war. Food is often the cause of the -trouble, for it is very hard to get.</p> - -<p>“There are Canoe Indians and Foot Indians. -The Canoe Indians live almost entirely upon -fish and fungus, and the Foot Indians on birds -and animals killed by bows and arrows and -spears made of whalebone. Nowhere do we -see the smallest sign of the land being tilled or -cultivated; indeed, corn would not ripen in -the Land of Fire, for the climate is very damp -and windy. Even in summer the sun rarely -shines, only wind and rain then take the place -of the winter storms of sleet and snow.</p> - -<p>“There is plenty of good water on the Islands, -so, as our supply on board the <i>Clymene</i> is running -short, we will draw into one of the harbours -and refill the water-casks before we pursue our<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_77"></a>[77]</span> -journey to Banner Cove, where the Captain -thinks of putting up the wooden storehouse he -has brought from England, and landing our -goods.</p> - -<p>“Before the <i>Clymene</i> sails away, while our -companions are busy fixing up a tent, we spy -several canoes of Indians coming towards us. -In a moment our friend has his telescope pointed -in their direction, eager to find out all about -them. We soon see they are afraid; it is the -glass that frightens them. They think it some -dangerous weapon! So it is quickly laid aside -and we make signs of friendship.</p> - -<p>“Many of the men come on board after a time, -and gladly take the buttons we offer in exchange -for fish and shell necklaces. They are queer-looking, -dark brown people, with large heads, -small, sharp, black eyes, and long, jet-black -hair hanging straight down over each shoulder.</p> - -<p>“A little girl, about three years old, ventures -near the Captain, and very great is the delight -of all when she returns to her mother with a<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_78"></a>[78]</span> -bright-coloured cotton handkerchief round her -shoulders. They are much interested in us, -and the keen, black eyes watch intently every -movement, while the water-casks are brought -from the shore, and taken from the small boat -to the larger vessel.</p> - -<p>“I wonder how many of us keep a diary! -There is one diary I know all of us, yes every -boy and girl and grown-up reader of this book, -would very much like to see. How tenderly -we should turn over those storm-stained pages! -How lovingly we should gaze at the clear -pencil hand-writing of this wonderful diary!</p> - -<p>“Perhaps if we really did see and read it, some -of us would be inspired with feelings akin to -those of a little girl of nine years old who went -home from a missionary meeting and wrote:—‘Mark -xvi. 15 says: “Go ye into all the world, -and preach the Gospel to every creature.” -This is a commandment of my Saviour, to be -obeyed by me as soon as I am old enough.’</p> - -<p>“More than fifty years ago, Captain Smyley,<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_79"></a>[79]</span> -in command of the <i>John Davidson</i>, sailed into -Banner Cove. He was searching for a party -of seven missionaries to whom he had been sent -with food and stores. He found no Englishmen -or native of the Land of Fire upon the seashore, -but painted on a rock he saw a notice: ‘Dig -below.’ The crew landed, and obeying the -first two words, they dug up a bottle containing -a paper, on which was written: ‘We are -gone to Spaniard’s Harbour.... We have -sickness on board: our supplies are nearly -out, and if not soon relieved we shall be starved -out.’”</p> - -<p>With many misgivings they hastened to -Spaniard’s Harbour. It was then October, so -seven months had passed since the notice had -been painted on the rocks. The first vessel -sent to the help of the brave missionaries had -been wrecked. How had they fared during -those months of waiting? Had the help come -too late?</p> - -<p>Yes, already that faithful band—our hero<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_80"></a>[80]</span> -Captain Allen Gardiner, and his six comrades—have -all passed into the Happy Land where -“they shall hunger no more, neither thirst any -more.” Sorrowful indeed was the sight that -awaited the searchers. A boat on the beach -with a lifeless body within; another lying -not far off, washed to pieces by the waves; -another buried in a shallow grave upon the -shore: all seven starved to death.</p> - -<p>What was the effect of this martyrdom? -Was it thought worth while for others to risk -their lives for the Fuegian Indians? The Rev. -G. P. Despard and his wife, when they heard -of the facts, said: “With God’s help, this -good work shall go on.” And in a beautiful -new schooner called the <i>Allen Gardiner</i>, another -mission party started for that distant land.</p> - -<div class="figcenter"><img src="images/i_080.jpg" alt="" /></div> -<p class="caption">DUSKY DARLINGS</p> - -<p>“It was decided to make Keppel Island, which -is one of the Falkland group, their headquarters. -With much labour a house was built, and a -little mission-station and farm formed there. -The intention was to try and get two or three<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_81"></a>[81]</span> -of the Fuegian natives to come and live with -them at Keppel, hoping to be able to learn the -language from these natives, whilst they taught -them all the good and useful things they -could.</p> - -<p>“Many years before, a native, who was known -by the name of Jimmy Button, had been brought -to England by Captain Fitzroy. When Jimmy -went back to his own country he was quite -lost sight of by his English friends. However, -he was met with one day in his canoe by the -party from Keppel, and they found that he -still remembered much of the English he had -learned. After being kindly treated by the -missionaries, and enjoying some of their coffee -and bread and butter, he said he was quite -willing to go with his wife and three children -to stay with them for six months.</p> - -<p>“Jimmy Button and his family soon became -quite at home upon the mission farm. One -of Jimmy’s boys, a bright, sharp, little lad -of about eight years, whom his father called<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_82"></a>[82]</span> -‘Threeboys,’ very quickly picked up many -English words; but they were all so shy about -speaking their own language before foreigners -that they talked to each other in whispers, -which of course made it very difficult for the -missionaries to learn anything about the Fuegian -language. When the six months were up Mr -Despard took all the Button family back to -Woollya on the <i>Allen Gardiner</i>.”</p> - -<p>Little by little grew the work amongst the -Fuegian Indians, and especially amongst the -children, many of whom are orphans, now under -the missionaries’ care.</p> - -<p>There was one dear little Fuegian girl whom -the missionaries named Jessica—bright, loveable, -quick, and good both at lessons and work. -She, with others, was taught many things, chief -of which was the Bible.</p> - -<p>One day Jessica was nowhere to be seen. -Morning passed away, afternoon came, and -then followed the evening, but still Jessica -had not come back. Weeks went by, and<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_83"></a>[83]</span> -feeling sure she had been stolen, they ceased -to look out for her.</p> - -<p>In the middle of lessons one morning, a -pair of arms was flung suddenly round the -missionary’s neck, and someone was showering -her with kisses. It was Jessica.</p> - -<p>“Where have you been? Why did you run -away from school?” asked the lady looking -displeased at Jessica.</p> - -<p>Her eyes brimmed over with tears as she -answered: “I went to fetch you a present.”</p> - -<p>“A present!” echoed the teacher.</p> - -<p>“Come,” said Jessica, taking her hand, and -leading her to a wood close by. “There is the -present I have brought you,” said Jessica; and -looking she saw eleven little naked, half-starved -children, all bunched together, and looking -terrified at the white person.</p> - -<p>Having heard the Good News for herself, -she loved the Lord Jesus so much that she just -longed for other children to hear of Him too. -She had journeyed for miles over rough woods<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_84"></a>[84]</span> -with her bare feet, over dangerous paths, and -through streams of water, in order to bring -others to the Saviour. What a dear little -brown missionary she was! For she is now in -the presence of the Lord.</p> - -<p>Another little Indian orphan, named Elsie, -was being cared for by the Rev. J. and Mrs -Williams. Her father had died about seven -years previously, and her mother also passed -away soon afterwards. Mrs Williams took -special charge of this bright little girl, but one -day several of Elsie’s Indian friends went off -on a hunting tour, and took her with them.</p> - -<p>Some time afterwards they returned, but -without Elsie. What had become of her? -Was she lost or dead? Alas, no. Perhaps it -would have been far better if she were. “What -have you done with Elsie?” And the reply -was that the Indians had sold her to a Spaniard!</p> - -<p>What was the price he paid for Elsie? Why, -just a bag of flour, and a bottle of gin! Months -have passed, and still no Elsie. It is feared<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_85"></a>[85]</span> -that she cannot return if she would. Away -from her tribe and from all who love her; sold -to a Spaniard who cares not for her; this poor -little jewel is living, redeemed with the precious -blood of Christ, the slave of a white man, but -the child of the living God.</p> - -<p>Pray for such, and determine, like the little -girl who went to the missionary meeting, that -your Saviour’s command to “go into all the -world” shall be obeyed by you as soon as you -are old enough.</p> -<hr class="chap" /> - -<div class="chapter"> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_86"></a>[86]</span> - -<h2 class="nobreak">CHAPTER VII<br /> - - -<small>CHILIAN CHILDREN</small></h2> -</div> - -<p><span class="smcap">If</span> you look at a map of South America you -will find a long, narrow strip of country running -north and south alongside of Argentina. Some -funny person has described this Republic of -Chili as being 2000 miles long and two inches -wide! Long and narrow though it is, nevertheless -it is very rich in nitrates, so useful -for cleansing and enriching the soil. Gold, -petroleum, and coal are also to be found there.</p> - -<p>Chili is very much like her sister Republics, -both morally and spiritually, and especially as -regards dirt and disease. Smallpox is rampant -both in Santiago and Valparaiso, and people -suffering from this dreadful disease are actually -to be seen walking about the streets.</p> - -<p>The “conventillos,” which are here only one<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_87"></a>[87]</span> -storey high, are killing grounds for children. -Eight out of ten children die under two years -of age. Dr Speer says: “Alcoholism, dirt, -and uncleanness of the houses, and murderous -ignorance of the care of children” are at the -bottom of this exceedingly high death-rate -in Chili. So much for Chilians.</p> - -<p>Now a word as to the Araucanian Indians -in the interior of that Republic. They are -semi-civilized, and a very superior tribe of -people. Though nominally under the Government -of Chili, they are actually independent of -it, and are governed by their own laws. The -Araucanians are quite different in appearance, -manners, and habits from other Indians. As -far as cleanliness goes, they are far in advance -of the Chilians themselves.</p> - -<p>“They are quite as proud, and as resentful -of dishonour as the Red Man of the North, and -quite as brave in disposition; and, like the Red -Indians, they are open, free and generous, and -form strong attachments to those who gain<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_88"></a>[88]</span> -their confidence, with equally strong hatred -towards those who do them wrong. They -have coarse, black hair, and large widespread -noses.</p> - -<p>“The women are among the best looking in -the entire country. They do not marry at so -early an age as the other Indians, and they do -not seem to be ever ill-treated by their husbands. -They are fond of their children and -respectful to old age.</p> - -<p>“The religion of these people is much like -that of the Red Indians. They acknowledge -a ‘Spirit’ who is the Author of, and Master -over all.”</p> - -<p>Take your pen and underline three places -on the map, viz.: “Temuco, Cholcol, Quepe.” -There the Mapuche Indians live, and amongst -them labour the missionaries of the South -American Missionary Society.</p> - -<p>“Mapuche” means, “people of the land,” -and a successful, spiritual work is being carried -on especially amongst the children. There are<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_89"></a>[89]</span> -schools for boys and girls at Quepe, also at -Temuco, ten miles away; and at Cholcol, a -small Chilian town twenty-one miles from -Temuco, there are boarding-schools for boys -and girls, day-schools, a dispensary, and a -church.</p> - -<p>Rev. G. Daunt says: “In the old days they -were all clever hunters. They could glide -through the forest without making a sound, -and could imitate exactly the cries of various -birds and beasts. They showed great skill -in following up a ‘trail,’ and could observe -the slightest movement of leaf or twig in the -pursuit of prey or of an enemy.</p> - -<p>“Now, the Mapuche are losing their hunting -habits, and are settling down to a peaceable -and industrious life, growing corn, and feeding -cattle. But in their games they still act as if -scenting and following up a trail.</p> - -<p>“The Indian boys and girls have to work -as well. In the summer, when the crops are -ripening, the children are seen in the fields<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_90"></a>[90]</span> -guarding the sheep, cattle, horses, and pigs, so -that these may not enter and destroy the -harvest.</p> - -<p>“The girls draw water from the wells and -streams, and help their mothers to make and -mend the clothes they wear. The boys, with -their axes, form ploughs, and carts, and with -their knives carve toys of wood or cut belts -and purses from the skins of animals into -strange shapes.”</p> - -<p>Miss Wetherell gives a very interesting pen-picture -of school-life with the Mapuche boys -and girls at Quepe:—</p> - -<p>“The body of one of our schoolboys was -committed to the grave. Poor laddie, he came -into the hospital about two years ago with a -diseased leg, which the doctor had to remove. -His people, finding that he would be unable -to help in the farm work, promptly deserted -him, so he was kept on at the hospital, and -during school time he was out here. He got -on very well with his lessons, but he never got<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_91"></a>[91]</span> -really strong, and eventually he had to return -to the hospital, where he died. The following -morning we all went across to the little Mapuche -Cemetery, and buried him there. It must -have seemed very strange to these Mapuche -boys and girls, this quiet Christian burial—the -simple service, the flowers strewn on the -grave, and the hymn sung as the soil was being -shovelled in.</p> - -<p>“We have one Chilian boarder, a very nice -gentle lad, whom we all like very much, and -we hope he will one day be a true Christian. He -saved the life of an Englishman in Argentina -under quite romantic circumstances; and his -master, who is in England, wished to leave him -where he could be educated and treated kindly—so -he is here. At present his thoughts are -chiefly occupied with football and his lessons, -football of course first.</p> - -<p>“One small mite announced to-day that she -was going to ‘stay with the Señora all the -holidays.’</p> - - - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_92"></a>[92]</span>“‘But,’ said I, ‘you would not like to stay -here and not go home at all?’</p> - -<p>“‘Oh, yes, I should,’ promptly answered -little Fatty; ‘school is <i>much</i> nicer than being -at home.’</p> - -<p>“I imagine the little ones do sometimes find -this the case, as they do quite a lot of work -in their homes. I remember one day teaching -in my Scripture class something about a -mother’s love, and I asked the children: ‘Now -on cold, frosty mornings, when you are all -cosily tucked up in bed, who gets up to light -the fire and get the breakfast?’</p> - -<p>“Of course I expected them to say in a chorus: -‘My mother’; but instead of that the answer -came: ‘Why, my little brother, of course.’</p> - -<p>“Last night, while most of the big ones -were out at evening service, the little ones and -I had great times hymn-singing. Two or -three quite wee mites will sing alone, and it is -wonderful how well they sing and how many -hymns they know by heart. The brother of<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_93"></a>[93]</span> -one small person was telling the native teacher -that last holidays he built a new house for -himself, and invited all his relations to the -house-warming, and when the meal was over -he said: ‘Now someone should sing a song. -Who will sing for me?’</p> - -<p>“‘Fancy’ added he, ‘my surprise when my -little sister, who did not know a word of -Spanish a few months ago, stood up before us -and sang most sweetly and correctly a hymn -that she had learned at school!’</p> - -<p>“Sometimes our little Mapuche friends fall -sick, and then the small patients are taken -to Temuco, placed in the mission-hospital, -and nursed and tended by Dr Baynes and his -splendid family.</p> - -<p>“At evening time, when the light begins to -fail, the missionary turns his horse homewards, -and as he rides rapidly over the plain, here and -there the words of the vesper hymn sung by -some Indian boy or girl are wafted to him on -the evening air:—</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_94"></a>[94]</span></p> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> -<div class="first">“‘Sun of my soul, Thou Saviour dear,</div> -<div class="verse">It is not night if Thou be near;</div> -<div class="verse">O may no earth-born cloud arise</div> -<div class="verse">To hide Thee from Thy servant’s eyes.’”</div> -</div></div> - -<p>There are “other lambs” in Chili who have -yet to be sought out and brought in. Some -day you may be helping Christ to seek and -find them. In the meantime give the Mapuche -children a place in your prayers, and tell others -about them.</p> -<hr class="chap" /> - -<div class="chapter"> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_95"></a>[95]</span> - -<h2 class="nobreak">CHAPTER VIII<br /> - - -<small>BOLIVIAN BAIRNS</small></h2> -</div> - -<p><span class="smcap">Bolivia</span>, the Hermit Republic of South America, -is hidden away behind the mighty Andes. It -is the fourth country in the continent in point -of size, and a vast treasure house of silver and -tin.</p> - -<p>More than half the inhabitants are pure-blooded -Indians, degenerate descendants of -the valiant Inca race.</p> - -<p>The most interesting and useful animal to -the Indian is the llama. He will travel for -miles without food or drink, over precipitous -mountains and rocky paths, carry his 100-lb. -load, and not an ounce more; for if you should -happen to impose upon him he simply lies -down on the path and refuses to budge an inch. -They are splendid “passive resisters,” these<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_96"></a>[96]</span> -llamas, and will have no nonsense from anyone, -though, of course, their Indian owners know -better than to overburden their llamas with -superfluous luggage.</p> - -<p>The llama, known as “the Bolivian -Railway,” can travel fifteen miles a day. -When he dies his flesh is eaten, but the Indian -loves his animal too well to kill him for food.</p> - -<p>“In many places the Indians are ill-treated, -deceived, and robbed by the white Spanish-speaking -people. They are looked upon as -mere brutes, fit for nothing but work, instead -of human beings with immortal souls. They -sometimes live together in villages, sometimes -in isolated, quiet nooks, or it may be in -clusters of huts where there are two or three -families.”</p> - -<p>Each Indian has a few patches of ground for -himself, and in exchange for this cultivates a -few acres of crops for his owner. He also has -a certain number of animals to care for, but -this is mostly the work of his wife and family.<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_97"></a>[97]</span> -Little children of from four to five years of age -are supposed to be capable of driving a flock, -and when a few years older they are away on -the hills all day alone with their flocks.</p> - -<p>One scarcely sees an Indian, either man or -woman, altogether idle. If they have no other -occupation, they spin away at wool for the -clothing of their families.</p> - -<p>Though this is an open and very healthy -climate there is much sickness among the -people, chiefly because they do not know how -to take care of themselves. It is very amusing -to see what remedies they use for inward -and outward complaints. Dirt, feathers, and -anything horrible is the common ointment for -sores or wounds. At a little ordinary warm -water they laugh. Through the ignorance of -their mothers, children, when sick, have a hard -time. Some care very much, and would do -anything to save their children; but others, -rather than have the trouble of watching them, -prefer that they should die, as a good many do.</p> - - - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_98"></a>[98]</span>“It is the condition of the little children -that calls forth most sympathy and pity, and -makes us long for the day when the True Light -shall shine into the hearts of the people. The -majority, unloved and uncared for, surrounded -by dirt and disease, know nothing of the -joys of childhood, nor of the blessing of home -life.</p> - -<p>“Mothers are continually seen carrying their -babies, full of disease, about the streets, and, -what is worse, sitting in the market-places -selling meat and bread with their sick babies -in their laps. Passing along one day, a child -was seen without a shred of clothing, yet with -its little body literally covered with smallpox.”</p> - -<p>Mr Will Payne, a pioneer missionary of -Bolivia, says it is quite a common thing to -buy and sell children in this country. He -tells of three little girls who were purchased for -£2 each, “and are held by their owner until -they reach the age of twenty-one, during which<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_99"></a>[99]</span> -time they are compelled to work in the house, -receiving their food and clothing in exchange.</p> - -<p>“If they fall into the hands of a kind master -or mistress they have an easy, happy time, -and in a few cases are taught to read and write. -Should they, however, find a cruel owner, -there is nothing to prevent their suffering very -much like the slaves of other days.</p> - -<p>“These children are sold by their parents -when young, and sometimes never know their -father or mother. How often has blood been -seen flowing from the head of one of these girls, -the result of a cruel blow with a strap, because -she did not move quickly enough.”</p> - -<p>A very sad story is told by one of the missionaries -of the Bolivian Indian Mission, of a little -Indian boy. “His left forearm, and half of -left leg, are one mass of partially-healed ulcers. -He tells us how, over a year ago, he was caught -and deliberately thrown into the fire. His -father had sold him to a neighbour, and one -day, whilst shepherding, he allowed some<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_100"></a>[100]</span> -goats to fall over a cliff: then his owner, in a -fit of rage committed this inhuman act.</p> - -<p>“After a year of intense suffering, he was -brought by his apathetic father for treatment. -But perhaps we ought not to blame the father -too much, as he is totally blind. However, the -man who burned the boy was compelled to -pay the father a sum of 28s., and to release the -boy. After this the boy’s father sold him -again, but the boy escaped, and is now under -treatment.”</p> - -<p>Such incidents happen daily, showing how -inhuman and ignorant the majority of the -Indians are. The Roman Catholic religion -has not converted their hearts, the only -change that has taken place has been that of -the religion and the idols. The hearts and -lives that were dark before, without the knowledge -of Christ, have been plunged into deeper -gloom through the blighting influence of the -Roman priesthood.</p> - -<p>Some of the Romish masses celebrated by<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_101"></a>[101]</span> -the people are called the “Little Masses for the -Child Jesus.” These take place from Christmas -to the time of Carnival. Everybody who has -an image of Christ as a child is supposed to -provide a feast during this time. A band of -music is procured, and the little image is decked -out with pearls and gay flowers, and carried -to the Roman Catholic church, in front of a -crowd of neighbours. A mass is said, and then -the figure is taken home amid great rejoicing. -Drinking, feasting, and dancing follow, and are -kept up until a late hour.</p> - -<p>On January 31st and February 1st the -people prepare for Candlemas, which takes -place on the 2nd. They are taught by the -priest that on this day the children who have -died without baptism can get a little light. It -is the feast of the mothers, and the priests tell -the people how necessary it is to come to church -with their candles.</p> - -<p>“Do not be like so many pieces of stick; -come and bring your candles, and think of<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_102"></a>[102]</span> -your poor dead children awaiting your candles -to get some light!”</p> - -<p>“So the next day the poor mothers come -with their candles of all sorts and sizes. Long -candles, short candles, thin candles, thick -candles. What a mine of wealth for the -priests the sale of this holy (!) grease must be!</p> - -<p>“May God light the candle of each life in -order that some day someone who reads this -may be able to show the Bolivian Bairns the -way to Heaven. Only the light that Christ -gives is of any service to Him, and to those -who ‘sit in darkness and in the shadow of -death.’”</p> - -<p>The Bolivian Indians do not have many -children, as the poor mites, through neglect -and ill-treatment, die in hundreds every year, -most of them under two years of age.</p> - -<p>Another reason why Indians have such small -families is that when the children grow up to -be twelve or thirteen years of age they marry -and have homes of their own.</p> - - - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_103"></a>[103]</span>Mr and Mrs Will Payne did some splendid -pioneer work amongst these people before the -liberty of preaching the Gospel was proclaimed -in the Republic. They suffered much persecution -at the hands of the Roman Catholics, -but now missionary work can go forward without -hindrance, and to-day the South American -Missionary Society is at work in Southern -Bolivia, while the Bolivian Indian Mission is -ministering to the Quechua-speaking remnant -of the bygone Inca race.</p> - -<p>In writing of the children, one of the missionaries -in San Pedro says of the school work:—</p> - -<p>“The school is open to all, and boys and -girls of the white and half-caste classes attend. -(The Indians do not live in the town.) The -school opens every morning with the singing -of a hymn, a Scripture lesson and prayer, -in all of which great interest is taken. Mother -earth constitutes the floor. The walls are of -mud, and the ceiling is of a rough thatching -of rushes. For years the room served as a<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_104"></a>[104]</span> -cook-house, and knew neither chimney nor -window, nor any other means of exit for the -smoke.</p> - -<p>“Nowadays two large holes in the wall, one -shuttered, the other not, admit light which -reveals a blackness that water cannot cleanse. -Two or three geography maps gravely endeavour -to hide the sooty walls, and, aided by -three mud seats that traverse the room, humbly -announce that this is Ch’iquipampa School-house.”</p> - -<p>Outside, mounted upon a pole which stands -in the centre of the “estancia” courtyard, is -the school bell. For nearly a century it hung -in the belfry of a Roman Catholic chapel away -out among the Bolivian mountains. But it, too, -has felt the impulse of modernism, and now -follows a reformed calling.</p> - -<p>The sun is the only time-keeper known in -the “campo.” The only definite hours are -those of his rising and setting; therefore the -bell sounds the assemble at sunrise, and soon<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_105"></a>[105]</span> -two or three groups of children, enveloped -in gay-coloured and picturesque ponchos, are -seen leisurely sauntering to obey the summons—perhaps. -In they come at the open door, -doffing their “sombreros” (hats) respectfully -enough, with a “Buenos dias, Señor!” (“Good -day, Sir”).</p> - -<p>Now we have before us seven or eight black -heads, whose owners range in age from five to -fifteen years. There are really as many grades -as there are individuals.</p> - -<p>Modestly, seated farthest back is Haquin, -a bright Indian lad. He came to school -early, and has already been a full half-hour -hard at his reading-book, for he must soon -leave in order to take his father’s cattle afield -to pasture. Three months ago, he did not -know a single letter. Now he reads and -writes fairly large words.</p> - -<p>Now slates, books, and pencils are served -out, and for three long hours our young -Bolivians are under restraint. Lazy little<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_106"></a>[106]</span> -Antonio raises his slate high in air with both -hands and yawns audibly. A tap on the big, -black head, and a quiet word, recall him to -his task. During a full half-hour he has -written only one word, but Government forbids -the rod.</p> - -<p>The time has arrived for reading-lessons, -and a whisper of appreciation is heard, for -reading from the “Spanish Reader” involves -a lesson in Spanish; and Indian and “Cholo” -(half-caste) alike learn eagerly and quickly -the tongue of the ruling class. Confronted -by Bolivia’s map, a barely suppressed giggle -ripples through the school. They think the -names of towns, rivers, and mountains are -so foreign and funny!</p> - -<p>Arithmetic is useful, however, and all work -diligently at this. Little Manuel is the pride -and joy of the school in this department. -Three months previously he could not write -a single figure. Now, he adds and subtracts -and multiplies with great exactness.</p> - - - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_107"></a>[107]</span>Now, at the words, “Slates down,” these -articles reach the hard floor with a rattle. -Little Nieva draws her naked feet up on to -the seat, and arranges her “manta” with -the air of a Turkish princess. Word goes -round, “The Jesus Book”; and a respectful -silence prevails. Thank God, for these -wonderful stories of the Saviour. The children’s -verdict is: “Beautiful.” Thanks to Him -for at least this small portion of the Gospel -of St John translated into Quechua.</p> - -<p>Now comes time for dismissal—with a -respectful “Hasta mañana, Señor!” (“Until -to-morrow, Sir!”), or the Quechua “Ce’aya -cama,” they file out, soon to break forth -into whistle and shout, just like the little -folks in the homeland.</p> - -<p>Our head is somewhat muddled with this -two-language task of teaching Quechua-speaking -children from Spanish text-books. -Some attend for a week or two, and then come -no more. The parents desire that they should<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_108"></a>[108]</span> -be educated, but confess to being powerless -to persuade the young folks to attend.</p> - -<p>Mr Grocott, of the Bolivian Indian Mission, -having given such an interesting account of the -day-school work, Mrs Grocott now tells about -the Sunday-school. She says:—</p> - -<p>“Could you visit our little school-room -some Sunday morning, between seven and -eight o’clock, you would find a little gathering -of from twelve to twenty-five men, women, -and children, representing the whites, the -half-castes, and the pure Indians. These are -gathered to learn about Jesus. They do not -come because it is God’s Day, for Sunday to -them is as other days. No, they come because -they like to come.</p> - -<p>“They have dirty faces, uncombed hair, -and clothing which has not been washed for -many weeks. Not an attractive audience, is -it? But a missionary may not be critical. -She has come to teach them to do better, and -one must always begin at the beginning.</p> - - - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_109"></a>[109]</span>“The day-school children come to these -meetings, as do some of the parents. The -Indians are rather shy at entering, and often -prefer listening at the window. Those who -do come in look round for an out-of-the-way -corner, and, despising a seat, squat on the floor. -One day a young Indian came in and immediately -knelt down bareheaded before the blackboard, -in an attitude of prayer.</p> - -<p>“At the time of his entering, the attention -of those present was centred upon the -words written on the blackboard and he -evidently thought of worship. Being accustomed -to kneel in the Roman Catholic -church before shrines and images, he was -quite prepared to kneel to anything that -appeared to him to be the object of worship -for the day.</p> - -<p>“Very few Indians can sing, but some -of the half-castes do fairly well. Several -hymns have already been translated into -Quechua.”</p> - - - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_110"></a>[110]</span>Christ’s command to “heal the sick,” as -well as to “teach” and “preach the Gospel,” -is being faithfully carried out as far as possible -by the missionaries to these benighted people. -The healing of the body opens the door to the -healing of the soul.</p> - -<p>A Spanish doctor will not touch an Indian; -and for this great work of healing, the power -of God is needed.</p> - -<p>There are very many villages in this hermit -republic without a missionary of any kind -whatever. Come with me, and see for yourselves. -Here on a mud bed in a corner -sits a poor woman amidst her rags. A wound -which she has had a long, long time has -reduced her to a skeleton. Beside her is -a sickly-looking baby. Between her sobs -she tells us she has neither a home nor a -husband.</p> - -<p>The tiny room, which serves as a living-room, -bedroom, and cobbler’s shop, is full from -floor to ceiling. The floor is covered with<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_111"></a>[111]</span> -cooking-pots, ten altogether, “stones for -grinding corn into meal, great earthenware -pots for making chicha (the native drink), old -boots, piles of potatoes and maize, bones, -rags, and dirt—plenty of dirt. From under -the bed run guinea-pigs, whilst keeping the -woman company in bed are a dog and a -pigeon!</p> - -<p>“Amidst old tins and bottles on the -shelves we see San Antonio and the Virgin. -On the wall hangs a picture of what looks -something like a woman, the Virgin. A -rope full of clothes stretches across the -room, and a few other odds and ends leave -but little space, which is filled up with -smell.”</p> - -<p>This is what the missionary has to contend -with, and as we emerge into the sunshine, -and breathe God’s air once more, we long to -see a large, airy building where the sick ones -can be tended and nursed back to health. -Shall we not begin to pray: “Lord send out<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_112"></a>[112]</span> -some of Thy messengers, and some day, if it -is Thy will, I will go and help them.”</p> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> -<div class="verse">Coming, coming, yes they are,</div> -<div class="verse">Coming, coming from afar;</div> -<div class="verse">From beyond the Andine mountains,</div> -<div class="indent">From Bolivia’s mighty plains,</div> -<div class="verse">As they hear the Gospel story,</div> -<div class="indent">And are loosed from Satan’s chains.</div> -</div></div> - - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<div class="chapter"> -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_113"></a>[113]</span> - -<h2 class="nobreak">CHAPTER IX<br /> - - -<small>PEARLS OF PERU</small></h2> -</div> - -<p><span class="smcap">Last</span>, but not least, we come to the most -historical and romantic Republic of the whole -continent, Peru. This country was discovered -by an adventurer named Pizarro. He was a -zealous Roman Catholic, but his spirit of -greediness over-balanced his religion, and the -story of his conquest of the Inca Indians of -Peru, as related by Prescott, is one of the -darkest in history.</p> - -<p>Before the invasion of Pizarro and his fellow-countrymen, -over four hundred years ago, -there lived a very highly-civilized race of -Indians who called themselves the “Children -of the Sun.” They were a most enlightened -and industrious people, having their own king, -as well as their own laws and religion.</p> - - - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_114"></a>[114]</span>Since the days of Pizarro and his followers -everything has changed. The king was slain -with hundreds of his loyal subjects, and -the Spaniards took possession of the land. -There you will see the Indians to-day, -living in spiritual darkness and superstition, -scarcely able to call their souls their own, a -crushed and conquered remnant of a once -splendid race; and to-day “the children’s -souls which God is calling sunward, spin on -blindly in the dark.”</p> - -<p>On the lonely mountain side we will find -them, tiny mites of three and four years of age, -tending the sheep, and often very scantily -protected from the severe and biting winds. -But the mountain children have an easy time -of it compared to the children of the city, for -slavery and starvation are the common lot of -these little ones.</p> - -<p>We will visit Cuzco, the romantic and -religious city of the Inca race; but we must -not forget to sprinkle our handkerchiefs with<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_115"></a>[115]</span> -perfume, for we have now got back to the -hot climate, and the streets we are walking -through are long and narrow and have an open -drain running down the centre, a common -thing in these cities. But if we would be -missionaries some day, we must not mind the -smells now, especially as we want to become -acquainted with some of the “Pearls of Peru.”</p> - -<p>For a minute or two we pause and watch -the children, who seem to swarm everywhere. -Some are playing at the nasty drain; no -wonder these little ones droop and die, for there -is no friendly policeman to warn them that -this is a death trap!</p> - -<p>Where do they all come from? Does no -one look after them? For they are everywhere, -in the road, on doorsteps, in the shops, -round the booths in the market-place, under -the shadow of the Roman Catholic Cathedral; -scores of them, playing, sleeping, picking up -scraps and eating them, uncared for, and -untaught.</p> - - - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_116"></a>[116]</span>See! Who is this coming down the cobbly -street, with a big, fat baby on his back? Only -an Indian boy, and not very much bigger than -his baby mistress. What a sad face he has; -it does not attract us, for there is a shade of -bitterness about the mouth. His is a hard -life—driven to and fro by the whim of the -baby’s mother; no thanks and no pay; only -beatings if he does not please her. An Indian -slave! You look surprised! But this is quite -a common thing in Peru and other parts of this -continent.</p> - - - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="first1">“Only an Indian slave!</div> -<div class="indent">A prey to his mistress’s whim,</div> -<div class="verse">Beaten, battered, and starved,</div> -<div class="indent">What does she care for him?</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">‘A soul, did you say, he possessed?’</div> -<div class="indent">She laughs: ‘Why, he’s worse than a dog!</div> -<div class="verse">I purchased him, body and soul,</div> -<div class="indent">To scold, and to starve, and to flog.’</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">Only an Indian slave!</div> -<div class="indent">He may be in their esteem,</div><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_117"></a>[117]</span> -<div class="verse">But his soul, with the price of blood,</div> -<div class="indent">Christ Jesus came down to redeem.”</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">May the children of God go forth to proclaim</div> -<div class="indent">The loosening power of His wonderful Name.</div> -</div></div></div> - -<div class="figcenter"><img src="images/i_116.jpg" alt="" /></div> -<p class="caption">INDIAN SLAVE AND HIS BABY MISTRESS</p> - -<p>In her fascinating book on “Peru,” Miss -Geraldine Guinness says: “In Arequipa -there are three thousand of these little Indian -slaves, four-fifths of whom are cruelly treated, -while the good treatment of the remaining -one-fifth, with rare exceptions, consists in the -fact of their not being brutally beaten, and not -suffering much hunger.</p> - -<p>“I have heard the screams of child-servants -not more than seven years old, who were daily -beaten by a bad-tempered mistress. I have -seen children ill and dying, for whom no one -cared. I know a little girl of seven, who, a -few months ago, saw her mother’s dead body -taken away to the cemetery. Since that day -she has minded the shop all alone, and kept -house for her father, who only comes home at<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_118"></a>[118]</span> -nights, and who is often away for weeks at a -time.”</p> - -<p>Some years ago, when the maize crop failed, -and there was a terrible famine in the land, -starvation stared the Indian mothers in the -face. What were they to do under such circumstances? -They could not feed their little -ones, so the children were brought to the cities -in thousands, and sold for a few shillings or -given away, to save the mothers and other -little ones in the mountain huts from starvation -and death. To-day it is not an uncommon -thing to be accosted in the street by an Indian -woman, and to be asked to purchase her little -girl or boy for a few coins.</p> - -<p>The only British Missionary Society working -in this vast republic of Peru is the Evangelical -Union of South America. Try and realize it; -a country half the size of China, and only a -handful of missionaries to proclaim the Gospel -to these people. Take your pen and underline -“Lima, Cuzco, Huanuco, Arequipa, and<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_119"></a>[119]</span> -Urco” (twenty-four miles out of Cuzco), and -you have the only centres of British missionary -enterprise at the present time. Let us visit -these mission-stations and see for ourselves -what is being done for the children.</p> - -<p>Of all the cities in Peru, Lima is the most -cosmopolitan. Visiting one part of the town -on the outskirts one might almost fancy we -were in China; at another spot everything is -entirely negro, and some other part appears -to be under Turkish supervision. Here we -jostle against Peruvian priests, who do not -attract us, American, English, and Italian -merchants, and people from almost every land -under the sun. What a medley!</p> - -<p>“The houses in Lima have no chimneys, -they are one storey high, and what windows -there are facing into the street are barred, -making the houses look like prisons. The -poorer parts of Lima consist largely of -‘conventillos’ similar to these in Argentina. -They are often large, sunny, open courtyards,<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_120"></a>[120]</span> -and sometimes narrow alleys, always -entered by doors in the walls of the -main streets, and surrounded by cell-like -rooms.</p> - -<p>“Every aspect of life may be seen in the -central yard. There the dinner is cooked, -the baby bathed, the clothes washed, and the -Virgin worshipped. At every step one comes -upon a child, and all appear equally contented -and uncared for.</p> - -<p>“Lima is in the centre of a region, not only -free from rain, but where earthquakes frequently -occur, so that mud, cane, and plaster are used -for house-building purposes instead of stone.</p> - -<p>“Although it never rains in Lima, yet during -the dry season, Peru’s winter—June to -September—the capital is enveloped in mist, -which is exceedingly disagreeable. For days -and weeks the sun is invisible, and a drizzle, -not unlike a Scotch mist, makes the side-walks -slippery, and so permeates the air that the -sheets on one’s bed are chill and sticky.”</p> - - - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_121"></a>[121]</span>Lima is the city where the Society’s printing-press -is at work. Month by month, the little -silent messenger of the Gospel, <i>El Heraldo</i>, is -sent forth by post throughout Peru; and as -postage is quite free, you will see that every -postman is thus a “colporteur.” Many other -things besides are printed, but <i>El Heraldo</i> -is the foremost message proclaiming “pardon, -peace, and power to hundreds whom the voice -of the preacher cannot reach.”</p> - -<p>Once more we find ourselves in Cuzco. -Here several ladies of the E.U.S.A. are to -be seen at work. Miss Elder, Miss Pinn, -Miss Found, and Miss Trumper, are doing -splendid service.</p> - -<p>Miss Elder reports that “many of the -mothers, having gained confidence in us, come -again for advice and medicine for themselves -and their children.” Speaking of a case she -visited, she says: “I had prepared a nice basin -of warm water, and was just ready to put -‘baby’ in for his first bath, when two women<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_122"></a>[122]</span> -rushed up, one on either side. Baby’s bath -was, to their way of thinking, not yet complete. -One poured in alcohol, and the other a large -cupful of greasy soup.</p> - -<p>“On asking the reason of this, I was told it -was to make baby strong! So, with a smile and -the remark that I had not heard of the custom, -I proceeded with my work. This took place -in the house of one of the upper-class people.</p> - -<p>“But I want to give you a peep into some -of the poorer ‘homes.’ We were conducted to -a little shop where our patient lay on sheep-skins. -Baby’s wardrobe consisted only of a -strawberry-coloured knitted vest and a bonnet -of royal blue! On another occasion, to reach -my patient I passed through two courtyards, -and stepped down into a dark room.</p> - -<p>“There was no window. The light entered -only through the doorway, and the round -hole in the wall through which the smoke -was expected to escape. The floor was alive -with guinea-pigs running to and fro. A few<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_123"></a>[123]</span> -fowls were roosting in one corner, on sticks -placed there for the purpose, while a mother -hen sheltered her brood of healthy chicks in -another. This patient had a bedstead, but it -was composed of rough irregular boards placed -together like a raft.</p> - -<p>“In addition to the work in Cuzco we have -to hold ourselves ready for outside calls. I -was summoned one day to Urco Farm, because -of an accident to Domingo, a little Chuncho -Indian boy from the forests. I left Cuzco at -ten at night, on horseback.</p> - -<p>“Darkness and the roughness of the road -hindered our progress, but we arrived early in -the morning. The boy had fallen from his -horse, cutting his face badly, while one eye -was completely lost. We gave him chloroform -and put in five stitches, and the little chap soon -got well again.</p> - -<p>“Urco Farm is about five hundred miles -from the coast. For the first one hundred -miles it is desert, and the rest of the way<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_124"></a>[124]</span> -beautiful valleys. The climate is grand. The -farm is so large that it would take many days -to see over it all. There is abundance of fruit, -with large quantities of vegetables such as we -have here at home. There are horses for -riding, oxen for work, and mules, donkeys and -llamas for carrying goods. There are cattle -for meat, and sheep also; for milk and butter -there are goats.”</p> - -<p>There are no roads here, but just mountain -trails. Everything is carried on llamas and -mules, while you would ride on a horse.</p> - -<p>There are over two hundred Indians on the -farm, and the Mission is hoping to establish -an Orphanage here, like the one at Sao Paulo -in Brazil, only much larger. Mr Ganton -says:—</p> - -<p>“Down this valley to the Amazon, and -thence to the Atlantic, over three thousand -miles, we know of no missionary! Within our -reach are possibly ten tribes of Indians untouched -even by Romanism. In our own<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_125"></a>[125]</span> -valley there are probably forty thousand -people.</p> - -<p>“We have some fine boys, and the Indians -are very interesting. Mrs Stockwell is glad to -have her little school. The boys are quite -apt at learning texts. Almost any night we -can hear them spelling out passages from the -New Testament by candle-light in their little -rooms.</p> - -<p>“Our farm work is very interesting, also -our people. One soon learns to have a real -love for them. It is hard for the Indian -to understand why anyone should treat him -kindly without a selfish motive.”</p> - -<p>For the school work the Indian children -are gathered together in the evenings and -taught. They attend willingly and gladly. -“The scholars are all ages and sizes, from the -ragged little Indian of six upwards. There are -some very promising children in the school, -and we hope that some day they will become -messengers of the Gospel to their own people<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_126"></a>[126]</span> -in the remote villages. Every day we see -more the need of the Orphanage, where the -children will be under our direct influence. We -have four already living in the house, and -what a difference we see compared to those -outside!</p> - -<p>“Mrs Stockwell is just in her glory with -the children, and is completely devoted to her -school. She is at work from early morning -until bedtime, and always making clothing -for the children.</p> - -<p>“Day-school work among native children -in Lima is a very special feature. This was -begun in 1913, and a Scripture lesson was -always included in the day’s teaching. It is -being proved here, as in Argentina and elsewhere, -that not only does the day-school -deliver the Sunday-school scholars from annoyance, -persecution, and priestly instruction, but -it is also an excellent feeder for the Sunday-school, -at which the attendance marked a -great improvement in numbers and steadiness.</p> - - - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_127"></a>[127]</span>“Under the very able superintendence and -help of Mrs Millham, there are two native -mistresses, who have been associated with the -Church for some long time.”</p> - -<p>This school work amongst the native children -of Lima has been laid upon the workers -of the Evangelical Union of South America as -a sacred burden. It is their privilege—not -only in Peru but in the other Republics in -which they work—to lift the child out of its -ignorance, and to teach it to know Christ the -Friend of little children, to know the world -and all that pertains to it, and to know its -own heart.</p> - -<p>We will not proceed any further in our wanderings, -for in Ecuador, Colombia, Venezuela, -and Panama the same sad condition of things -prevails.</p> - -<p>We have heard, not unmoved I trust, the -wail of the Indian children in the forests of -Peru and Brazil, and have seen them in the -Amazon valley. We have watched them with<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_128"></a>[128]</span> -painful interest and concern in the streets of -the various cities, children of all colours and -nationalities, and yet all of one blood with us, -who call for our sympathies, our prayers, our -gifts, and above all, our love. They call to -us out of their deep need from the Land of -Opportunity.</p> - - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<div class="chapter"> -<p class="ph2"> -SOME NOTABLE BOOKS<br /> -ON FOREIGN MISSIONS<br /> -<small>FROM THE CATALOGUE OF</small><br /> -OLIPHANT, ANDERSON & FERRIER<br /> - -<small>100 PRINCES STREET, EDINBURGH<br /> -21 PATERNOSTER SQUARE, LONDON</small></p> -</div> - -<div class="blockquot"> -<p>A HISTORY OF MISSIONS IN INDIA. By <span class="smcap">Julius -Richter</span>, D.D. Translated by <span class="smcap">Sydney H. Moore</span>, -Master in the School for Sons of Missionaries, Blackheath. -Demy 8vo, with map<span class="floatright">10s 6d</span></p> - - - - -<div class="blockquot"> - -<p>“Will be indispensable to all students of Indian Missions. It is -singularly interesting.”—<i>London Quarterly Review.</i></p></div> - -<p>THE PEN OF BRAHMA. Peeps into Hindu Hearts -and Homes. By <span class="smcap">Beatrice M. Harband</span>, Author of -“Daughters of Darkness in Sunny India,” etc. Large -crown 8vo, cloth extra, with Illustrations<span class="floatright">3s 6d <i>net</i></span></p> - - - -<p>HOLY HIMALAYA. The Religion, Traditions, and -Scenery of the Provinces of Kumaun and Garhwal. By -the <span class="smcap">Rev. E. S. Oakley</span>, of the London Missionary Society, -Almora, Northern India. With 16 full-page Illustrations. -Large crown 8vo, cloth extra<span class="floatright">5s <i>net</i></span></p> - - - -<p>DAYLIGHT IN THE HAREM. Papers on Present-day -Reform Movements, Conditions, and Methods of Work -among Moslem Women read at the Lucknow Conference, -1911. Edited by <span class="smcap">Annie Van Sommer</span>, <span class="smcap">A. de Selincourt</span> -and <span class="smcap">S. M. Zwemer</span>, D.D., F.R.G.S. Illustrated, crown -8vo, cloth<span class="floatright">3s 6d <i>net</i></span></p> - - - -<p>CHILDREN OF CEYLON. By <span class="smcap">Thomas Moscrop</span>. (The -Children’s Missionary Series.) Large crown 8vo, with -eight Coloured Illustrations, cloth<span class="floatright">1s 6d <i>net</i></span></p> - - -<p>THE MOSLEM DOCTRINE OF GOD. A Treatise on -the Character and Attributes of Allah according to the -Koran and Orthodox Tradition. By <span class="smcap">Samuel M. Zwemer</span>, -Author of “Arabia, the Cradle of Islam.”<span class="floatright">2s 6d <i>net</i></span></p> - - -<div class="blockquot"> - -<p>“A piece of earnest thinking and writing.”—<i>Spectator.</i></p></div> - -<p>THE GREAT RELIGIONS OF INDIA. By <span class="smcap">J. -Murray Mitchell</span>, M.A., LL.D. Large crown 8vo, with -Map and Complete Index<span class="floatright">5s <i>net</i></span></p> - - -<div class="blockquot"> - -<p>“There was room for a good book on the Religions of India, and -the task of writing it could not have fallen into more competent -hands than those of the veteran missionary Dr Murray Mitchell, -who only a few months ago died in his ninetieth year, after a brilliant -record of life-long experience of mission work in India.”—<i>Aberdeen -Daily Journal.</i></p></div> - -<p>MOSAICS FROM INDIA: Talks about India, its Peoples, -Religions, and Customs. By <span class="smcap">Margaret B. Denning</span>. Large -crown 8vo, art cloth decorated, with 28 illustrations<span class="floatright">6s</span></p> - - - -<div class="blockquot"> - -<p>“Of thrilling interest.”—<i>Spectator.</i></p> - -<p>“One of the most readable and instructive volumes on India it -has ever been our privilege to read.”—<i>Aberdeen Journal.</i></p></div> - -<p>VILLAGE WORK IN INDIA. Pen Pictures from a -Missionary’s Experience. By <span class="smcap">Norman Russell</span>, of the -Canada Presbyterian Church, Central India. Crown 8vo, -art cloth, with 8 full-page Illustrations<span class="floatright">3s 6d</span></p> - -<div class="blockquot"> - -<p>“This book is literature. There is a noble work to describe, and -it is described nobly.”—<i>Expository Times.</i></p></div> - -<p>FROM ZOROASTER TO CHRIST: An Autobiographical -Sketch of the Rev. <span class="smcap">Dhanjibhai Nauroji</span>, the first modern -Convert to Christianity from the Zoroastrian Religion, -With Introduction by the Rev. <span class="smcap">D. Mackichan</span>, D.D., -LL.D., Missionary of the United Free Church of Scotland, -Bombay. With Portrait and other Illustrations. Large -crown 8vo, cloth extra<span class="floatright">2s</span></p> - - - -<div class="blockquot"> - -<p>“It has a charm of its own, and wins the reader to an affectionate -regard for this pure and saintly servant of Christ. Dr -Mackichan has written a fitting Introduction and a tender Epilogue. -It is in many ways a unique book, and should be in every missionary -library and read in every missionary household.”—<i>U.F. Church -Monthly.</i></p></div> - -<p>THE EDUCATION OF THE WOMEN OF INDIA. By -<span class="smcap">M. G. Cowan</span>, M.A. (Girton.) Cloth, with twelve Illustrations<span class="floatright">3s 6d <i>net</i></span></p> - -<div class="blockquot"> - -<p>“Miss Cowan presents us with the useful results of a great deal -of intelligent study of the problem, and of the factors which go to -the solution.”—<i>The Times.</i></p></div> - -<p>THE WRONGS OF INDIAN WOMANHOOD. By -Mrs <span class="smcap">Marcus B. Fuller</span>, Bombay. With an Introduction -by <span class="smcap">Ramabai</span>. Large crown 8vo, canvas binding, with -numerous Illustrations<span class="floatright">5s</span></p> - - - -<div class="blockquot"> - -<p>“Turns a searching light upon the sorrows of Indian women and -the customs to which they are at present bound to submit. An -impressive study, written with commendable moderation.”—<i>Bookman.</i></p></div> - -<p>CHILDREN OF INDIA. By <span class="smcap">Janet Harvey Kelman</span>. -(The Children’s Missionary Series.) Large crown 8vo, -with eight Coloured Illustrations, cloth extra<span class="floatright">1s 6d <i>net</i></span></p> - - - -<p>MEN OF MIGHT IN INDIA MISSIONS. The Leaders -and their Epochs, 1706-1899. By <span class="smcap">Helen H. Holcomb</span>. -Large crown 8vo, cloth extra, with 16 full-page Illustrations<span class="floatright">6s</span></p> - - -<div class="blockquot"> - -<p>“This fascinating and beautifully illustrated book of 350 pages -deals with the rise and progress of the kingdom of Jesus Christ in -India.... The story of missionary progress is traced from 1706 -to 1899. The romance of missions is once more charmingly illustrated -in this ably-written and most attractive volume.”—<i>Illustrated -Missionary News.</i></p></div> - -<p>THE COBRA’S DEN, and other Stories of Missionary -Work among the Telugus of India. By Rev. <span class="smcap">Jacob -Chamberlain</span>, Author of “In the Tiger Jungle.” Crown -8vo, ornamental cloth binding, fully illustrated<span class="floatright">3s 6d</span></p> - -<div class="blockquot"> - -<p>“Interest in the narrative of missionary work, life, and incident -is maintained throughout by a charming felicity of diction, and the -plea for increased missionary effort is both able and convincing.”—<i>Daily -Record.</i></p></div> - -<p>IN THE TIGER JUNGLE, and other Stories of Missionary -Work among the Telugus of India. By the Rev. <span class="smcap">Jacob -Chamberlain</span>, M.D., D.D. Large post 8vo, antique laid -paper, cloth extra. With Portrait and seven Illustrations<span class="floatright">3s 6d</span></p> - - -<div class="blockquot"> - -<p>“There is a romance about many of these stories which will -appeal particularly to young people: but the missionary aspect is -never lost sight of, and the volume is well calculated to win many -new friends, and perhaps volunteers, for the foreign field. The -illustrations are good.”—<i>Record.</i></p></div> - -<p>HINDUISM AND CHRISTIANITY. By <span class="smcap">John Robson</span>, -D.D., Author of “The Holy Spirit, the Paraclete,” etc. -Third Edition. Crown 8vo, cloth extra<span class="floatright">3s 6d <i>net</i></span></p> - - -<p>THE MOSLEM CHRIST. An Essay on the Life, -Character, and Teachings of Jesus Christ according to -the Koran and Orthodox Tradition. By <span class="smcap">Samuel M. -Zwemer</span>, D.D., F.R.G.S., Author of “The Moslem Doctrine -of God.” Cloth, with Illustrations and Facsimiles<span class="floatright">3s 6d <i>net</i></span></p> - - - -<p>SOO THAH. A Tale of the Making of the Karen Nation. -By <span class="smcap">Olonzo Bunker</span>, D.D., Thirty Years a Missionary -in Burmah. With an Introduction by <span class="smcap">Henry C. Mabie</span>, -D.D. Crown 8vo, illustrated<span class="floatright">3s 6d</span></p> - - - -<div class="blockquot"> - -<p>Sir <span class="smcap">William Muir</span>, Edinburgh, in a letter to the author, says:—“I -have read your ‘Soo Thah’ with the greatest pleasure and profit; -more so, I might say, than that of any other book after our -Scriptures.”</p></div> - -<p>FIRE AND SWORD IN SHANSI. Being the Story of -the Massacre of Foreigners and Chinese Christians. By -<span class="smcap">E. H. Edwards</span>, M.B., C.M., over Twenty Years a -Medical Missionary in China. With an Introduction by -Dr <span class="smcap">Alexander MacLaren</span>, Manchester. Large crown -8vo, with upwards of forty Illustrations, Maps, etc., -handsomely bound. Cheap Edition<span class="floatright">2s 6d <i>net</i></span></p> - - -<div class="blockquot"> - -<p>“Inspiring in the revelation it gives of a heroism and self-sacrifice -that may well stand comparison with what we read in the -case of the early martyrs.”—<i>Glasgow Herald.</i></p></div> - -<p>MISSIONARY METHODS IN MANCHURIA. By the -Rev. <span class="smcap">John Ross</span>, D.D., Missionary of the United Free -Church of Scotland, Moukden. New Edition, with -additional chapter. Large crown 8vo, cloth extra, with -Illustrations and Plans<span class="floatright">3s 6d</span></p> - - -<div class="blockquot"> - -<p>“Dr Ross writes a quiet, methodical, business-like, instructive -style, and is manifestly a thinker.”—<i>British Weekly.</i></p> - -<p>“A contribution towards a study, systematic and comparative, -of missionary methods.”—<i>Preston Guardian.</i></p></div> - -<p>CHILDREN OF CHINA. By <span class="smcap">C. Campbell Brown</span>, -Author of “China in Legend and Story.” (The Children’s -Missionary Series.) Large crown 8vo, with eight Coloured -Illustrations, cloth extra<span class="floatright">1s 6d <i>net</i></span></p> - - - -<p>A MISSION IN CHINA. By <span class="smcap">W. E. Soothill</span>, Translator -of the Wenchow New Testament; Author of “The -Student’s Pocket Dictionary”; Compiler of the Wenchow -Romanised System, etc. Large crown 8vo, with numerous -Illustrations, and in artistic binding<span class="floatright">5s <i>net</i></span></p> - - - -<p>CHINA IN LEGEND AND STORY. By <span class="smcap">C. Campbell -Brown</span>, formerly Davis Scholar of Chinese at the University -of Oxford, and for ten years resident in China. -Large crown 8vo, illustrated, cloth, with Unique Native -Design<span class="floatright">3s 6d <i>net</i></span></p> - - -<div class="blockquot"> - -<p>“Ten years’ residence in China, close contact with the inhabitants, -and an attentive ear for native stories and traditions have furnished -the material and inspiration for Mr Brown’s volume of sketches.... -On their narrative side alone, and with their strong human -interest and colour, the stories should commend themselves.”—<i>Scotsman.</i></p></div> - -<p>CHINA’S ONLY HOPE. An Appeal by her greatest -Viceroy, Chang Chih Tung, Viceroy of Liang Hu, with -Indorsement by the present Emperor. Translated by -the Rev. <span class="smcap">S. I. Woodbridge</span>. Introduction by the Rev. -<span class="smcap">Griffith John</span>, D.D. Crown 8vo, cloth extra, with -Portrait of the Author<span class="floatright">3s 6d</span></p> - - -<div class="blockquot"> - -<p>“One of the most remarkable, if not the most remarkable, hook -written by a Chinese for several centuries.”—<i>London and China -Telegraph.</i></p></div> - -<p>CHINA IN CONVULSION; The Origin; The Outbreak; -The Climax; The Aftermath. A Survey of the Cause and -Events of the Recent Uprising. By <span class="smcap">Arthur H. Smith</span>, -Author of “Chinese Characteristics,” “Village Life in -China,” etc. In 2 volumes, demy 8vo, cloth extra, with -numerous Illustrations, Maps, and Charts<span class="floatright">21s</span></p> - - - -<div class="blockquot"> - -<p>“The fullest and fairest statement of the causes of the outbreak -which has yet been made.”—Mrs <span class="smcap">Isabella L. Bishop</span> in the <i>Daily -Chronicle.</i></p></div> - -<p>CHINESE CHARACTERISTICS. By <span class="smcap">Arthur H. -Smith</span>, Twenty-seven Years a Missionary of the American -Board in China. New and Enlarged Edition, with -numerous Illustrations. Demy 8vo, art linen<span class="floatright">7s 6d</span></p> - - -<div class="blockquot"> - -<p>“A very striking book. One of the best modern studies of that -remarkable people.”—<i>Sydney Morning Herald.</i></p></div> - -<p>METHODS OF MISSION WORK AMONG MOSLEMS. -With an Introduction by <span class="smcap">E. M. Wherry</span>, D.D. Being -those papers read at the First Missionary Conference on -behalf of the Mohammedan World held at Cairo, April -4th-9th, 1906. Cloth<span class="floatright">4s <i>net</i></span></p> - - -<p>MISSION PROBLEMS AND MISSION METHODS IN -SOUTH CHINA. By Dr <span class="smcap">J. Campbell Gibson</span> of Swatow. -Large crown 8vo, cloth extra, with Coloured Map Diagrams, -and sixteen full-page Illustrations. Second Edition<span class="floatright">6s</span></p> - - -<div class="blockquot"> - -<p>“Teeming with valuable testimony as to the characteristics of the -people among whom his life work has been carried on; containing -a well of information as to the methods by which he and his fellow-workers -are introducing the Christian religion into China; adding -to this an abundance of broad-minded criticism of, and intelligent -comment upon, the missionary and his work—the series of lectures -gathered together in ‘Mission Problems and Mission Methods in -South China’ are so good, that I take great pleasure in recommending -the book, to all who are interested in the subject of foreign -missions or the broader subject of the Far East.”—<i>Daily News.</i></p></div> - -<p>VILLAGE LIFE IN CHINA. A Study in Sociology. -By <span class="smcap">Arthur H. Smith</span>, D.D., Author of “Chinese Characteristics.” -Demy 8vo, art linen, with numerous Illustrations. -Fourth Edition<span class="floatright">7s 6d</span></p> - - -<p>THE ANALECTS OF CONFUCIUS. A new translation -by <span class="smcap">William Edward Soothill</span>, Principal of the Imperial -University, Shansi; Compiler of the “Student’s Pocket -Dictionary,” Translator of the “Wenchow New Testament,” -and Author of “A Mission in China,” etc. Large -crown 8vo, cloth<span class="floatright">15s <i>net</i></span></p> - -<div class="blockquot"> - -<p>The Discourses, commonly known as the Analects, contain the -sayings of the Sage as recorded by his disciples. The Analects -holds a somewhat similar relation to the Confucian Classics that -the synoptic books of the New Testament hold to the whole Bible, -and, like the Gospels, is the most popular book of the Canon.</p></div> - -<p>THE ORIGINAL RELIGION OF CHINA. By <span class="smcap">John -Ross</span>, D.D., Author of “Mission Methods in Manchuria.” -With Diagrams from Original Plans, and other Illustrations. -Large crown 8vo, cloth extra<span class="floatright">5s <i>net</i></span></p> - - -<div class="blockquot"> - -<p>A satisfactory account of the Earliest Religion of China can be -found nowhere at present except in a voluminous work by de Groot. -Students of Comparative Religion will undoubtedly be grateful -for the publication of this exceedingly valuable book, and there are -missionaries and many others who will find it very serviceable.</p></div> - -<p>THE MARVELLOUS STORY OF THE REVIVAL IN -MANCHURIA. Transcribed by <span class="smcap">John Ross</span>, D.D., from -the letters of the Rev. <span class="smcap">James Webster</span>. With -Portraits<span class="floatright">6d <i>net</i></span></p> - - - -<p>THE LORE OF CATHAY; or, the Intellect of China. -In five parts, Arts and Science, Literature, Philosophy -and Religion, Education, History. By the Rev. <span class="smcap">W. A. P. -Martin</span>, D.D., LL.D., Author of “A Cycle of Cathay,” -etc.<span class="floatright">10s 6d</span></p> - - -<div class="blockquot"> - -<p>“‘The time,’ writes Dr Martin, ‘is not, I trust, far distant when -the language of China will find a place in all our principal seats of -learning, and when her classic writers will be known and appreciated. -Nothing should tend more to hasten the advent of that -time than the broad sympathy, informed with knowledge, which -enables writers like Dr Martin to show how much of human interest -attaches to “The Lore of Cathay.”’”—<i>The Times.</i></p></div> - -<p>EAST OF THE BARRIER; or, Side Lights on the -Manchuria Mission. By the Rev. <span class="smcap">J. Miller Graham</span>, -Missionary of the United Free Church of Scotland, Moukden, -Manchuria. Crown 8vo, with Illustrations and Map<span class="floatright">3s 6d</span></p> - - -<div class="blockquot"> - -<p>“A book which takes rank among the most interesting, practical, -and well-informed books of missionary travel which has appeared -of late years. A series of excellent photographs gives additional -charm to a book which holds the interest from the first page to the -last.”—<i>Sunday School Chronicle.</i></p></div> - -<p>THE HEATHEN HEART: An Account of the Reception -of the Gospel among the Chinese of Formosa. By <span class="smcap">Campbell -N. Moody</span>, M.A. Large crown 8vo, cloth extra, with -Illustrations<span class="floatright">3s 6d <i>net</i></span></p> - - - -<div class="blockquot"> - -<p>“The most illuminating book on missions I have ever read.”—Rev. -<span class="smcap">W. M. Clow</span>.</p></div> - -<p>THE SAINTS OF FORMOSA: Life and Worship in a -Chinese Church. By <span class="smcap">Campbell N. Moody</span>, M.A., Author -of “The Heathen Heart.” Large crown 8vo, cloth extra, -with ten Illustrations<span class="floatright">3s 6d <i>net</i></span></p> - - -<div class="blockquot"> - -<p>“A charming book.... When Mr Moody tells us of the missionary -side of his experience he is not less interesting than when -he speaks of more general subjects.”—<i>The Spectator.</i></p></div> - -<p>FROM FAR FORMOSA: The Island, its People and -Missions. By <span class="smcap">George Leslie Mackay</span>, D.D. New and -Cheaper Edition, large crown 8vo, art canvas binding. -With four Maps and sixteen Illustrations<span class="floatright">5s</span></p> - -<div class="blockquot"> - -<p>“One of the most interesting books on missions we have ever -come across.”—<i>Glasgow Herald.</i></p></div> - -<p>CHILDREN OF WILD AUSTRALIA. By <span class="smcap">Herbert -Pitts</span>. (The Children’s Missionary Series.) Large crown -8vo, with eight Coloured Illustrations, cloth<span class="floatright">1s 6d <i>net</i></span></p> - - -<p>CHILDREN OF BORNEO. By <span class="smcap">Edwin H. Gomes</span>, -M.A. (The Children’s Missionary Series.) Large crown -8vo, with eight Coloured Illustrations, cloth<span class="floatright">1s 6d <i>net</i></span></p> - - - -<p>CHILDREN OF JAMAICA. By Mrs <span class="smcap">Isabel C. M’Lean</span>. -(The Children’s Missionary Series.) Large crown 8vo, with -eight Coloured Illustrations, cloth extra<span class="floatright">1s 6d <i>net</i></span></p> - - - -<p>CHILDREN OF JAPAN. By <span class="smcap">Janet Harvey Kelman</span>, -Author of “Children of India.” (The Children’s Missionary -Series.) Large crown 8vo, with eight Coloured -Illustrations, cloth extra<span class="floatright">1s 6d <i>net</i></span></p> - - -<p>THE GIST OF JAPAN. The Islands; their People -and Missions. By the Rev. <span class="smcap">R. B. Peery</span>, A.M., Ph.D. -Large crown 8vo, art canvas, with eight full-page Illustrations<span class="floatright">5s</span></p> - - - -<div class="blockquot"> - -<p>“This is an interesting and honest book, and its statements gain -by its extreme candour, as well as palpable sincerity of the writer.”—<i>Standard.</i></p></div> - -<p>KOREAN SKETCHES. A Missionary’s Observations -in the Hermit Nation. By the Rev. <span class="smcap">James S. Gale</span>. -Crown 8vo, cloth extra, with eight Illustrations<span class="floatright">3s 6d</span></p> - - -<div class="blockquot"> - -<p>“The author of ‘Korean Sketches’ has gone in and out among -the people for nine years. He has done so, moreover, as his book -shows, in the kind of temper which qualifies a man to see what is -best in a strange and very little understood race.”</p></div> - -<p>IN AFRIC’S FOREST AND JUNGLE. By <span class="smcap">R. H. -Stone</span>. Crown 8vo, cloth extra, illustrated<span class="floatright">3s 6d</span></p> - - -<div class="blockquot"> - -<p>“A welcome contribution to missionary literature. The illustrations -are numerous and good.”—<i>Christian.</i></p></div> - -<p>DAWN IN THE DARK CONTINENT. By <span class="smcap">James -Stewart</span>, M.D., D.D., Lovedale. Demy 8vo, handsome -binding, with nine Coloured Maps and Portrait of the -Author<span class="floatright">6s <i>net</i></span></p> - - -<div class="blockquot"> - -<p>“We have no hesitation in saying that Dr Stewart’s book will -have permanent value as a standard history of African missions, -and its excellent maps by Bartholomew give a praiseworthy completeness -to its unity.”—<i>Pall Mall Gazette.</i></p></div> - -<p>DAYBREAK IN LIVINGSTONIA. The Story of the -Livingstonia Mission, British Central Africa. By <span class="smcap">James -W. Jack</span>, M.A. Revised, with an Introductory Chapter, -by Rev. <span class="smcap">Robert Laws</span>, M.D., D.D. Large crown 8vo, -canvas binding, with Map, a Plan of Livingstonia Institution, -and many other Illustrations<span class="floatright">5s</span></p> - - - -<div class="blockquot"> - -<p>“We have no hesitation in saying that this is one of the best -missionary histories we have ever read.”—<i>Glasgow Herald.</i></p></div> - -<p>AN AFRICAN GIRL: The Story of Ma Eno. By -<span class="smcap">Beatrice W. Welsh</span>, Missionary in Old Calabar. With -eight full-page Illustrations. Large crown 8vo, cloth -extra<span class="floatright">1s 6d</span></p> - - - -<div class="blockquot"> - -<p>“This book is interestingly written, and will, we doubt not, go -far to accomplish its object, which is to interest children—and -others—in the children of Nigeria.”—<i>The Outposts.</i></p></div> - -<p>CALABAR AND ITS MISSION. By Rev. <span class="smcap">Hugh Goldie</span>. -New Edition, with Additional Chapters by the Rev. -<span class="smcap">John Taylor Dean</span>. Large crown 8vo, cloth extra, with -Map and fourteen new Illustrations<span class="floatright">5s</span></p> - - -<div class="blockquot"> - -<p>“Mr Goldie has an interesting story to tell of the place, of its -people, and of the mission work that has been carried on there. It -is a story which the opponents of missionary enterprise can hardly -get over.”—<i>Spectator.</i></p></div> - -<p>AMONG THE WILD NGONI. Being Chapters from -the History of the Livingstonia Mission in British Central -Africa. By <span class="smcap">W. A. Elmslie</span>, M.B., C.M., Medical Missionary. -With an Introduction by <span class="smcap">Lord Overtoun</span>. Crown -8vo, cloth extra, with Illustrations and Portraits<span class="floatright">3s 6d</span></p> - - - -<div class="blockquot"> - -<p>“In this volume he has at once done a real service to missions, -and has made a most valuable and interesting addition to the fast-growing -literature of Central Africa.”—<i>The Times.</i></p></div> - -<p>CHILDREN OF EGYPT. By <span class="smcap">L. Crowther</span>, Old Cairo. -(The Children’s Missionary Series.) Large crown 8vo, -with eight Coloured Illustrations, cloth<span class="floatright">1s 6d <i>net</i></span></p> - - -<p>THE ANGEL OPPORTUNITY. By <span class="smcap">Jessie F. Hogg</span>. -Author of “The Story of the Calabar Mission.” With -Frontispiece from a Pencil Sketch by <span class="smcap">H. C. Preston -MacGoun</span>, R.S.W. Crown 8vo, cloth extra<span class="floatright">2s 6d</span></p> - - -<div class="blockquot"> - -<p>This is the story of a missionary’s family sent home for education, -and is full of humorous and pathetic incidents, in the experience of -a little girl, in her desire to discover and influence the home heathen -among whom she found herself.</p></div> - -<p>DAVID LIVINGSTONE. By <span class="smcap">T. Banks MacLachlan</span>. -Post 8vo, art canvas<span class="floatright">1s <i>net</i></span></p> - - - -<div class="blockquot"> - -<p>“It has been an unmixed pleasure to read this life of David -Livingstone. The book is interesting from first to last, and gives -a vivid picture of a rare character.”—<i>Madras Christian College -Magazine.</i></p></div> - -<p>MUNGO PARK. By <span class="smcap">T. Banks MacLachlan</span>. Post -8vo, art canvas<span class="floatright">1s <i>net</i></span></p> - - -<div class="blockquot"> - -<p>“We owe to Mr Maclachlan not only a charming life-story, if at -times a pathetic one, but a vivid chapter in the romance of Africa. -Geography has no more wonderful tale than that dealing with the -unravelling of the mystery of the Niger.”—<i>Leeds Mercury.</i></p></div> - -<p>CHILDREN OF AFRICA. By <span class="smcap">James B. Baird</span>, Church -of Scotland Mission, Blantyre, Author of “Nyono at -School and at Home.” (The Children’s Missionary Series.) -Large crown 8vo, with eight Coloured Illustrations, -cloth extra<span class="floatright">1s 6d <i>net</i></span></p> - - -<div class="blockquot"> - -<p>“Boys and girls who read what Mr Baird says will have a vivid -picture of African life in their memories, and will see how blessed -is the light the Gospel carries to their black sisters and brothers in -the Dark Continent.”—<i>Presbyterian Messenger.</i></p></div> - -<p>AN ARTISAN MISSIONARY ON THE ZAMBESI. -Being the Life Story of <span class="smcap">William Thomson Waddell</span>. -By Rev. <span class="smcap">John MacConnachie</span>, M.A. Large crown 8vo, -illustrated<span class="floatright">1s 6d <i>net</i></span></p> - - -<div class="blockquot"> - -<p>“It is a moving account of unselfish heroism for the sake of Christ, -and Mr MacConnachie has told it in a way that will impress the -reader afresh with the splendid, unassuming courage of their rank -and file in Christian missions.”—<i>British Weekly.</i></p></div> - -<p>ARABIA: The Cradle of Islam. By Rev. <span class="smcap">S. M. Zwemer</span>, -F.R.G.S. Studies in the Geography, People, and Politics -of the Peninsula; with an account of Islam and Missionary -Work. Demy 8vo, canvas binding, with Maps and numerous -Illustrations from Drawings and Photographs<span class="floatright">7s 6d</span></p> - - -<div class="blockquot"> - -<p>“The best book on Arabia from every point of view—scientific, -literary, and missionary. It is well illustrated, especially by such -maps as Ptolemy’s, Niebuhr’s, Palgrave’s and plans of Mecca, -Medina, besides maps of Arabia as it now is, and of the islands of -Bahrein.”—<i>The Scottish Geographical Magazine.</i></p></div> - -<p>CHILDREN OF ARABIA. By the Rev. <span class="smcap">John C. Young</span>, -M.A., M.B., C.M., <span class="smcap">Sheikh Othman</span>, Aden. (The Children’s -Missionary Series.) Large crown 8vo, with 8 Coloured -Illustrations, cloth extra<span class="floatright">1s 6d <i>net</i></span></p> - - - -<p>WITH THE TIBETANS IN TENT AND TEMPLE. -Narrative of Four Years’ Residence on the Tibetan Border -and of a Journey into the Far Interior. By <span class="smcap">Susie Carson -Rijnhart</span>, M.D. Large crown 8vo, cloth extra, gilt top, -with fourteen Illustrations. Fourth Edition<span class="floatright">6s</span></p> - - -<p>CHILDREN OF PERSIA. By Mrs <span class="smcap">Napier Malcolm</span>. -(The Children’s Missionary Series.) Large crown 8vo, -with eight Coloured Illustrations, cloth<span class="floatright">1s 6d <i>net</i></span></p> - - -<div class="blockquot"> - -<p>“A charming book for children. The life and surroundings of -child-life in Persia are described with sympathy and insight. The -young reader is carried through a very strange world of fascinating -interest.”—<i>Missionary Record of the U.F. Church of Scotland.</i></p></div> - -<p>CONSTANTINOPLE AND ITS PROBLEMS. Its -Peoples, Customs, Religions, and Progress. By <span class="smcap">Henry -Otis Dwight</span>, LL.D. Large crown 8vo, art linen, gilt -top, with 12 Illustrations<span class="floatright">6s</span></p> - - - -<p>JERUSALEM THE HOLY. A Brief History of Ancient -Jerusalem; with an Account of the Modern City and its -Conditions, Political, Religious, and Social. By <span class="smcap">Edwin -Sherman Wallace</span>. Demy 8vo, cloth extra, with 15 -Illustrations and 4 Maps<span class="floatright">7s 6d</span></p> - - - -<p>MISSIONS IN EDEN. By Mrs <span class="smcap">Crosby H. Wheeler</span>. -Crown 8vo, cloth extra, illustrated<span class="floatright">3s 6d</span></p> - - -<p>CHILDREN OF LABRADOR. By <span class="smcap">Mary L. Dwight</span>. -(The Children’s Missionary Series.) Large crown 8vo, -with eight Coloured Illustrations, cloth<span class="floatright">1s 6d <i>net</i></span></p> - - - -<p>THE CROSS OF CHRIST IN BOLO LAND. A Record -of Missionary Effort in the Philippines. By <span class="smcap">John Marvin -Dean</span>. Crown 8vo, illustrated<span class="floatright">3s 6d</span></p> - - -<div class="blockquot"> - -<p>“This book should be widely read throughout the country. It -is worth more than a bale of newspaper print. The author is -a competent and credible witness of what he has seen in the -Philippines. He has done good service there.”—<i>The Outlook.</i></p></div> - -<p>WITNESSES FROM ISRAEL. Life Stories of Jewish -Converts to Christianity. Edited by Rev. <span class="smcap">Arnold -Frank</span>, Hamburg. Translated from the German by -Mrs <span class="smcap">A. Fleming</span>, with Recommendatory Note by Rev. -<span class="smcap">Professor Nicol</span>, D.D., Convener of the Jewish Committee -of the Church of Scotland. Crown 8vo, cloth extra<span class="floatright">1s 6d</span></p> - - -<p>THE TRANSFORMATION OF HAWAII: How Fifty -Years of Mission Work gave a Christian Nation to the -World. Told for Young People. By <span class="smcap">Belle M. Brain</span>. -Crown 8vo, art linen, illustrated<span class="floatright">3s 6d</span></p> - - - -<div class="blockquot"> - -<p>“Much is said against missions, sometimes in ignorance, sometimes -from mistaken conviction, and not seldom, it is to be feared, -from dislike of Christian morality; but the contrast between the -Hawaii which Cook discovered, and still more the Hawaii of forty -odd years of relations with white visitors, before the missionaries -came, and the Hawaii of 1870, is not lightly to be put aside.”—<i>Spectator.</i></p></div> - -<p>SIGN OF THE CROSS IN MADAGASCAR. By the -Rev. <span class="smcap">J. J. Kilpin Fletcher</span>. Crown 8vo, cloth extra, -with numerous Illustrations<span class="floatright">3s 6d</span></p> - - -<div class="blockquot"> - -<p>“To many readers the story of the evangelisation of Madagascar -is a new one, but if they will add this charming book to their -missionary library, they will then know the wonderful story of the -work of God in these islands.”—<i>Illustrated Missionary News.</i></p></div> - -<p>PERSIAN LIFE AND CUSTOMS. With Scenes and -Incidents of Residence and Travel in the Land of the -Lion and the Sun. By <span class="smcap">S. G. Wilson</span>, M.A., Fifteen -Years a Missionary in Persia. Second Edition, demy -8vo, cloth decorated, gilt top, with Map and Illustrations<span class="floatright">7s 6d</span></p> - - -<p>THE NEW ERA IN ASIA. By <span class="smcap">George Sherwood -Eddy</span>. With Introduction by Dr <span class="smcap">John R. Mott</span>. Crown -8vo, cloth<span class="floatright">3s 6d <i>net</i></span></p> - - - -<div class="blockquot"> - -<p>“Messrs Oliphant, Anderson & Ferrier have just published a -very stimulating book, entitled ‘The New Era in Asia.’ It shows -as in a flash, and with astonishing vividness and colour, the -astonishing changes which have of late come over Asia. It is -written by a man who knows at first hand all the lands from -Constantinople to Peking, and who is specially in touch with its -young intellectual life.”—<i>Public Opinion.</i></p></div> - -<p>CHRISTIAN MISSIONS AND SOCIAL PROGRESS. -A Sociological Study of Foreign Missions. By the Rev. -<span class="smcap">James S. Dennis</span>, D.D., Author of “Foreign Missions -after a Century.” In 3 volumes, royal 8vo, cloth extra. -Vol. I., with upwards of 100 full-page reproductions of -Original Photographs, price 10s <i>net</i>. Vol. II., with 80 do., -price 10s <i>net</i>. Vol. III., price 10s <i>net</i></p> - -<div class="blockquot"> - -<p>“Dr Dennis treats the whole subject of ethics and of social order -generally with great minuteness and in a most instructive way. -He has done an inestimable service to the mission cause in so -doing.”—<i>Spectator.</i></p></div> - -<p>OUTLINE OF A HISTORY OF PROTESTANT -MISSIONS FROM THE REFORMATION TO THE -PRESENT TIME. A Contribution to Modern Church -History, by <span class="smcap">G. Warneck</span>, D.D. Translated from the -Eighth Edition by arrangement with the Author, and -revised by <span class="smcap">George Robson</span>, D.D. Demy 8vo, cloth -extra, with Portrait and Maps<span class="floatright">10s 6d</span></p> - - - -<div class="blockquot"> - -<p>“It is a noble book, powerfully written, and throbbing with the -spirit of zeal and devotion, a book that must be read by all who -desire to master the missionary problem, to understand it in the -past, and to be prepared for its future evolution and development in -the world.”—<i>Methodist Magazine and Review.</i></p></div> - -<p>A HISTORY OF PROTESTANT MISSIONS IN THE -NEAR EAST. By <span class="smcap">Julius Richter</span>, D.D., Author of “A -History of Protestant Missions in India.” Demy 8vo, -cloth extra<span class="floatright">10s 6d</span></p> - - -<div class="blockquot"> - -<p>“This book on Missions in the Near East should be in every -missionary library. It is comprehensive, well informed, and fair, -and is written with spiritual insight.”—<i>U.F.C. Monthly Record.</i></p></div> - -<p>THE EXPLORATION OF EGYPT AND THE OLD -TESTAMENT. A Summary of Results obtained by -Exploration in Egypt up to the Present Time, with a fuller -account of those bearing on the Old Testament. By <span class="smcap">J. -Garrow Duncan</span>, B.D., Blackie Scholar, 1894-5; Interim-Director -of Excavations at Nuffar, 1895-6; Wilson -Archæological Fellow (Abdn.), 1905-6; Joint-Author with -Dr Flinders Petrie of “Hyksos and Israelite Cities,” 1906. -With 100 Illustrations from Photographs. Large crown -8vo, cloth extra<span class="floatright">5s <i>net</i></span></p> - - -<div class="blockquot"> - -<p>“The volume possesses the necessary combination of fulness of -knowledge and untechnicality necessary to give it a large circulation.”—<i>Expository -Times.</i></p></div> - -<p>FOREIGN MISSIONS AFTER A CENTURY. By -Rev. <span class="smcap">James S. Dennis</span>, D.D., of the American Presbyterian -Mission, Beirut, Syria, with Introduction by Professor -<span class="smcap">T. M. Lindsay</span>, D.D., Convener of the Foreign Missions -Committee of the Free Church of Scotland. Extra -crown 8vo, cloth<span class="floatright">5s</span></p> - - - -<div class="blockquot"> - -<p>“Dr Dennis gives us a clear, impartial survey of the present -aspect of Foreign Missions all over the world. Many important -points are dealt with, and the reader will find himself correctly -informed on many subjects concerning which he may have been in -doubt. Dr Dennis writes as one who has seen and therefore knows, -and, as we read, we feel that we are in the regions of plain facts, -free from any of the romance which want of knowledge sometimes -causes.”—<i>China’s Millions.</i></p></div> - -<p>THE RESURRECTION GOSPEL: A Study of Christ’s -Great Commission. By <span class="smcap">John Robson</span>, D.D. Large -crown 8vo, cloth<span class="floatright">5s <i>net</i></span></p> - - - -<div class="blockquot"> - -<p>“While the Great Commission is commanding a constantly -increasing share of the Church’s thought and activity, I have felt -that there is still the want of a connected study of all the records of -it contained in the Gospels and Acts, and unless these be studied -together its full scope and completeness cannot be realised.”—<i>From -the Preface.</i></p></div> - -<p>THE LIVING FORCES OF THE GOSPEL. Experiences -of a Missionary in Animistic Heathendom. By -<span class="smcap">Joh. Warneck</span>, Lic. Theol., Superintendent of Missions. -Authorised Translation from the Third German Edition -by the Rev. <span class="smcap">Neil Buchanan</span>. Demy 8vo, cloth -extra<span class="floatright">5s <i>net</i></span></p> - - - -<p>THE APPEAL OF MEDICAL MISSIONS. By <span class="smcap">R. -Fletcher Moorshead</span>, M.B., F.R.C.S., Secretary to the -Medical Auxiliary of the Baptist Missionary Society and -Baptist Zenana Mission. Cloth<span class="floatright">2s 6d <i>net</i></span></p> - - - -<p>MEDICAL MISSIONS: Their Place and Power. By -the late <span class="smcap">John Lowe</span>, F.R.C.S.E., Secretary of the Edinburgh -Medical Missionary Society. With introduction -by Sir <span class="smcap">William Muir</span>, K.C.S.I., LL.D., D.C.L. Fifth -Edition, with Portraits. Crown 8vo, cloth extra<span class="floatright">2s 6d</span></p> - - -<p>CHRISTIANITY AND THE PROGRESS OF MAN: -As Illustrated by Modern Missions. By <span class="smcap">W. Douglas -Mackenzie</span>, M.A. Large crown 8vo, cloth extra<span class="floatright">3s 6d</span></p> - - - -<p>THE BIBLE A MISSIONARY BOOK. By Rev. <span class="smcap">R. -F. Horton</span>, D.D. Crown 8vo, cloth extra. Cheap -Edition<span class="floatright">1s <i>net</i></span></p> - - - -<p>BIBLIOGRAPHY FOR MISSIONARY STUDENTS. -Compiled for the Board of Study for Preparation of -Missionaries. Containing Lists of Books suitable for -Missionary Students on all subjects pertaining to their -study, such as Religions, Missions, Geography, Languages, -Phonetics, etc. Paper covers, 1s <i>net</i>; cloth -1s 6d <i>net</i></p> - -<p>MISSIONARY COLLEGE HYMNS. Being Hymns -Oriental, Missionary, and Devotional, sung in the Women’s -Missionary College, Edinburgh. Compiled and Arranged -by <span class="smcap">Annie S. Small</span>. Cloth<span class="floatright">4s 6d <i>net</i></span></p> - - - -</div> -<p class="center"> -OLIPHANT, ANDERSON & FERRIER<br /> -EDINBURGH AND LONDON</p> - - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<div class="chapter"> -<p class="ph2">FOOTNOTE:</p> -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a id="Footnote_1" href="#FNanchor_1" class="label">[A]</a> This chapter is mainly quoted from <i>How the S.A.M.S. -Began</i>, by Alice M. Bakewell, to whom I express my deep -gratitude.</p> - -</div> - - -<hr class="chap" /> - -<div class="transnote"> -<div class="chapter"> -<p class="ph2">TRANSCRIBER’S NOTES:</p> -</div> - -<p>Pages 9 and 10 are missing in the original.</p> - -<p>Obvious typographical errors have been corrected.</p> - -<p>Inconsistencies in hyphenation have been standardized.</p> -</div> -<div style='display:block;margin-top:4em'>*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CHILDREN OF SOUTH AMERICA ***</div> -<div style='display:block;margin:1em 0;'>This file should be named 64105-h.htm or 64105-h.zip</div> -<div style='display:block;margin:1em 0;'>This and all associated files of various formats will be found in https://www.gutenberg.org/6/4/1/0/64105/</div> -<div style='display:block;margin:1em 0'> -Updated editions will replace the previous one—the old editions will -be renamed. -</div> - -<div style='display:block;margin:1em 0'> -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United -States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. 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