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diff --git a/old/63684-0.txt b/old/63684-0.txt deleted file mode 100644 index 355547e..0000000 --- a/old/63684-0.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,2591 +0,0 @@ -The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Girl's Own Paper, Vol. XX. No. 1028, -September 9, 1899, by Various - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most -other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of -the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you'll have -to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this ebook. - -Title: The Girl's Own Paper, Vol. XX. No. 1028, September 9, 1899 - -Author: Various - -Release Date: November 8, 2020 [EBook #63684] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: UTF-8 - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK GIRL'S OWN PAPER, SEPTEMBER 9, 1899 *** - - - - -Produced by Susan Skinner, Chris Curnow, Pamela Patten and -the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at -https://www.pgdp.net - - - - - - - - - -[Illustration: THE GIRL’S OWN PAPER - -VOL. XX.—NO. 1028.] SEPTEMBER 9, 1899. [PRICE ONE PENNY.] - - - - -OLD ENGLISH COTTAGE HOMES; - -OR, - -VILLAGE ARCHITECTURE OF BYGONE TIMES. - - -[Illustration: AT ARMINGHALL, NORFOLK.] - -_All rights reserved._] - - -PART XII. - -At the commencement of these papers we attempted to describe the growth -of English villages and their origin as the surrounding adjuncts of -the villa, or residence of the proprietor of the district, or lord of -the soil. In Roman times this residence was called a villa; in Saxon -and Norman times it became a castle, and after that important wave -of civilisation which passed over this country in the 13th century, -curtailing the power of the barons, it became “the manor house.” Now -although the manor house of the 14th century was a less formidable -building than the Norman castle, it was generally an important -structure, and at times possessed considerable architectural beauty. -Very few early manor houses are perfect now, or in any way complete, -as they were nearly ruined, if not destroyed, during the “Wars of -the Roses.” Sometimes, however, we may still trace fragments of them -attached to modern cottages or houses. The finest fragment of the -kind we know is to be seen at the little village of Arminghall, about -ten miles from Norwich. A cottage or small farmhouse here possesses -a doorway which is, perhaps, the finest example of domestic Gothic -architecture in the country. It is improbable that it was originally -intended to serve its present use as an entrance to a cottage porch, -and the traditions of the place point to its having been a fragment of -an ancient manor house, called by the people “The Old Hall.” Little or -nothing seems to be known about it, and if it really did form a portion -of some ancient mansion, with the solitary exception of this arch, -everything else has disappeared. As will be seen from our sketch, it is -a very elaborate work of remarkable design, and from its style there -can be little doubt that it dates from the reign of Edward III. Between -the mouldings which enclose the arch runs a broad band of carved -foliage chiefly representing a vine, with lizards looking through the -leaves. On either side of the arch are very elaborate niches in two -ranges filled with statues of knights and ladies. Delicately-treated -pinnacles and finials adorn these niches, and the whole work is -remarkable for elegance and most finished workmanship, somewhat -resembling the fragment of the hall of the bishop’s palace at Norwich. -The inner doorway of the porch forms no portion of this beautiful work, -as it is late Tudor, and the curious slabs over the doorway look like -seventeenth century carvings. Now whether this magnificent doorway is -a portion of some mansion which was completed at the same time, or -whether no portion of the architectural scheme, except the doorway, -was carried out, or, what is perhaps still more probable, whether after -the work had been abandoned for centuries, it was again resumed, and -carried out in a much plainer and less costly style, of which the inner -doorway is the only existing portion, it is quite impossible to say. -However the case may be, there can be no doubt that this cottage at -Arminghall has the most beautiful doorway of a house in England. There -is nothing whatever of interest in the cottage itself apart from its -entrance. - -[Illustration: A MODERN COTTAGE.] - -Manor houses of the Tudor times are by no means uncommon in our English -villages, but it should be pointed out that most of the mansions -erected in what is called the “Elizabethan style” are really works of -the time of James I., or that of Charles I. - -We have now completed our task of describing the cottages and other -architectural objects in English villages as they existed in bygone -times, a few have escaped destruction down to our own day, but it is -too much to be feared even these will, in a few years, have ceased to -exist. The last half century, over which our personal recollection -extends, has witnessed such a vast amount of destruction that it is -difficult to believe in anything remaining at the end of another half -century. - -The fact is, railways, competition, machinery, the concentration of -our “industrial classes” in large cities, the gradual extinction of -the yeoman class, and the difficulty to obtain a bare subsistence as a -small tenant farmer, have completely changed the condition of country -life, and if we are ever again to have pretty villages they will be -inhabited by ladies and gentlemen glad to escape occasionally from the -toil of town life, and to recruit themselves in pretty cottages amidst -charming scenery, pleasant gardens, and all the sweetness of a country -life without its sordid toil, losses and vexations. We give a view of a -home of this kind situated amidst the exquisite scenery of the Surrey -hills as a pattern cottage of the future. - - - - -VARIETIES. - - -A LADY PHYSICIAN IN THE HOLY LAND. - -A Scottish clergyman tells us that when travelling recently in -Palestine, not far from the fountains of Banias, he saw the Stars and -Stripes fluttering in the breeze. - -“Coming up,” he says, “we found a cluster of tents, and standing to -welcome us an American lady who is doing a splendid work as a physician -in Palestine and northern Syria. For eight months of the year she lives -in tents, moving from Acohs in the south to Baalbek in the north. -Having a full medical qualification, she is the only lady permitted -to practise in Syria, and as she is something of a specialist in eye -diseases, she draws patients from far and near.” - - -WHO WANTS WORK? - - We cannot all be heroes, - And thrill a hemisphere - With some great daring venture, - Some deed that mocks at fear; - But we can fill a lifetime - With kindly acts and true; - There’s always noble service - For noble souls to do. - - _C. A. Mason._ - - -TO WHICH CLASS DO YOU BELONG?—“The human race is divided,” says Oliver -Wendell Holmes, “into two classes: those who go ahead and do something, -and those who sit and inquire, ‘Why wasn’t it done the other way?’” - - -BORROWED MONEY. - -_Mrs. Smiley:_ “I make it a rule never to ask a lady to return money -she has borrowed from me.” - -_Mrs. Dobson:_ “Then how do you manage to get it?” - -_Mrs. Smiley:_ “Oh, after I have waited a considerable time, if she -fails to pay up, I conclude that she is not a lady, and then I ask her.” - - -MUSICAL PERFORMERS.—The question has recently been asked whether it is -justifiable for a pianist to express to her hearers what she conceives -to be the emotional characteristics of the music she is playing by -facial play and gesticulations? Certainly not. - - - - -THE HOUSE WITH THE VERANDAH. - -BY ISABELLA FYVIE MAYO, Author of “Other People’s Stairs,” “Her Object -in Life,” etc. - - -CHAPTER XXIV. - -GOOD SAMARITANS. - -In this hour of domestic desertion, Miss Latimer, remembering Mrs. -Grant’s injunction, allowed Lucy to do most of the necessary housework, -while she herself undertook the outdoor errands and the function of -“answering” the door bell. - -A letter duly arrived from Clementina’s relatives at Hull. It said -little more than the telegram, save that she had come there very “worn -out and ill,” having found her place “too trying” for her. She would -have to take “a long rest.” It was requested that her box should be -packed up and forwarded “along with the month’s wage due to her.” - -Clementina had taken her departure when only twenty days of that -“month” had elapsed. But Lucy resolved to take no notice of that fact, -but to send the full sum. She herself packed the box and despatched it. -She found therein about half a packet of mourning envelopes of such -singular width of border that she showed them to Miss Latimer and Mr. -Somerset, who, however, kept their own counsel on this head. Lucy did -not accept Mr. Somerset’s advice about the letter in which she enclosed -her postal order. He wished her to ignore all that had been discovered -since Clementina’s departure and to let the whole matter drop. Lucy -could not accept this as her duty. As soon as she knew of Clementina’s -safety and whereabouts, she had telegraphed to Mrs. Bray’s Rachel, that -her mind too might be set at ease about her old acquaintance. In return -she had received a very simple, straightforward letter from Rachel, -expressing sincere regret that all this trouble had been caused to -Mrs. Challoner through one whom she had introduced. She reiterated the -perfect respectability of the Gillespies and the high esteem in which -they had been held in their own neighbourhood. Rachel was naturally -deeply concerned about Clementina herself. “People can’t help going out -of their mind,” she wrote, “but then it ought to be somebody’s duty to -keep them from troubling others or disgracing themselves.” - -The same point impressed Lucy. She felt herself bound to tell the plain -truth to those who were now harbouring Clementina, and whose actions -might decide that unhappy woman’s future course. Tom was inclined to -say, “Let them find her out for themselves, as we had to do”—a blunt -egotism which didn’t influence Lucy for a moment. Mr. Somerset gave -counsels of reticence, but did not support them by any moral reasons. -In fact he candidly admitted, “I am thinking chiefly of you, Mrs. -Challoner, and advising you for your own sake. I don’t want you to have -any more trouble. I know how—in ninety-nine cases out of a hundred—such -a warning as you wish to give will be received.” - -That decided Lucy. If something was right to do, then she was not to be -withheld by any self-consideration from doing it. - -“How should I feel,” she asked, “if some morning I open the newspaper -and find that Clementina has taken another situation and has perhaps -killed a baby or set a house on fire? It would be bad enough if she -only made others suffer as we have done; but of merely that, of course, -we should never hear.” - - “‘To care for others that they may not suffer - As we have suffered is divine well-doing, - The noblest vote of thanks for all our sorrows,’” - -quoted Miss Latimer, “and I’ve often seen that work in many ways which -shallow sentimentalists do not recognise.” - -“I know that few lunatics who eventually fall into terrible crime -have not given forewarnings which, if heeded, might have spared them -and their victims,” Mr. Somerset conceded. “But still, under all -the circumstances, I feel as if it is our first duty to consider -Mrs. Challoner and to save her from the abuse and insult which her -interference on this score may probably bring.” - -But Lucy determined on her course, and she wrote a brief account of -what had happened during Clementina’s stay and had been discovered -since her departure. - -“At best there will be no answer,” remarked Mr. Somerset. - -“That will be very rude,” said Miss Latimer. - -“I shall be quite satisfied with that,” returned the gentleman -significantly. - -They were still awaiting developments when, a morning or two -afterwards, the door bell summoned Miss Latimer to receive a -bright-faced, pleasant-voiced woman, who inquired for “Mrs. Challoner,” -and asked to be announced as “‘Mrs. May from Deal—Jarvist May’s widow.’ -Mrs. Challoner will recollect me.” - -No announcement was needed. Lucy, who, according to her new nervous -habit, had been listening on the stairs, was instantly sobbing in the -arms of this woman, who had gone through all the worst which Lucy had -to fear. The blessed tears had come! - -To “Jarvist May’s widow” Lucy found it easy to confide the fears—nay, -the absolute despair—which now filled her concerning Charlie’s fate. To -none of the others had she done this. They had tendered their hopes -to her, and she, little knowing how faint they felt them, had made as -though she could at least entertain these. In that way they had sought -to comfort her, and she had accepted their kind intention, even as -gentle hearts accept the little useless gifts of childish good-will. -But this widowed woman brought consolation up from great depths lying -calm beneath whatever wind might rise. - -“God has got you, and God has got your husband, wherever he is. How can -you be apart, my dear? Why, dear, if God has taken him to Himself, he -may be nearer to you now than in the days when he was living here and -had to go out to his business, leaving you at home. And if he’s still -somewhere on earth, dear, don’t you hope he’s taking care of himself -and keeping bright and cheery in the faith that you are doing the same? -If he is living and can’t send word to you, that must feel as bad for -him as for you to get no word. Don’t you hope that he trusts you are -keeping up? And as he is certainly all right—SOMEWHERE—you’ve just got -to keep up for his sake. Yes, my dear, cry, cry”—as Lucy looked up with -a piteous attempt to smile. “He wouldn’t mind that so long as it does -you good and washes the clouds out of your heart. That’s what tears are -meant for—to make us smile the sweeter afterwards.” - -Mrs. May’s visit rose out of her having seen the newspaper paragraph -concerning the safety of the _Slains Castle_. - -“I came away to see you just as soon as I could,” she narrated simply. -“Thought I, poor dear, she’s got to go through for months the waiting -and the watching that I had only for a few hours. All I can say to her -is, that I know what those few hours were, and that none but God could -have helped me through them, and none but God can help her through -her longer trial. But that’s enough, for God is over everything, and -under everything, and in everything; and if He upholds you, so does -everything else.” - -She joined with Mrs. Grant’s counsel, in whispering to Miss Latimer -that nothing would be so good for Lucy as to proceed with her “regular -work,” to keep her life on in a straight line from where her husband -left her, and not to have to face any “beginning again.” She was -actually glad to find that Lucy’s present absence from her classes -arose from a sheer practical necessity, and not from any yielding to -grief. - -Then Mrs. May had a most unexpected proposal to make. It appeared that -she had let her house furnished for a whole year to people who were to -provide their own service. She had not quite relished doing this, as it -deprived her of her “work,” but she had felt she ought not to refuse a -good offer, since her last season had been as a whole but a poor one, -while her strength had somewhat failed under a great rush of summer -visitors for a few short weeks. - -“So I thought I would go into rooms in Deal, and make myself as useful -as I could among my neighbours,” she said. “I thought to myself it -might even be a bit of training against old age. I do pray I may be of -use to somebody till my dying day. But it’s in God’s hands, and when -I’ve seen old folks kept alive so long and so helpless that others talk -about ‘a happy release,’ it has come into my mind that, after all, -maybe God is giving them their rest on this side of the grave instead -of the other, and that they’ll be off and up and about their Master’s -business, while some who have been working to the end here will be -getting their bit of sleep in Paradise.” - -When Mrs. May heard of Lucy’s household predicament, a fresh thought -had come into her head; and so her suggestion was that she herself -should take up her abode in the little house with the verandah, and by -“keeping it going” lift a weight of care from its young mistress’s mind. - -“I won’t take any wages,” she said. “No, please, I’d rather not. -There’s a good income for me for this year at least from my furnished -house. After that we might speak of the matter again, when we see how -things go—but not before—no, I’ll not hear of it. For, you see, dear -Mrs. Challoner, work may be a little harder in this London house than -by the sunny sea-shore, and I may need a little help from the outside, -and there will be that for you to pay for. I feel you may well look a -little downcast at the thought of outside help, for I know the trouble -it often gives even in a quiet town, to say nothing of London. But you -see I shall be always to the fore, as you could not be yourself; and I -am different from young servants, who are often corrupted by charwomen. -When a body works with another, one soon finds out what that other is, -and how far one’s confidence may go. And we won’t be in any hurry to -engage anybody. Maybe we shall just come across the right person.” - -As a matter of fact, “the right person” was actually preparing to cross -London even while Mrs. May was speaking. Only a hour or two afterwards -she presented herself at Mrs. Challoner’s door in the person of her old -servant, Pollie! - -Pollie did not look quite so blooming as in the days of her service. -She had a little baby in her arms. She was candidly crying. She too had -seen the sad news of the _Slains Castle_ in the newspaper—her husband -had read it to her at breakfast time, and with the rashness of youth -and ignorance she had thought the very worst was inevitable. Miss -Latimer called Mrs. May to talk to her for awhile before Lucy was told -of her arrival. A little talk with the sailor’s widow restored Pollie -to calmness and to some modified hope. - -“I often wondered why I never heard from you,” said Lucy to her old -servant. “If I had known you were again in London, I should have come -to see you.” - -“Would you really, ma’am?” cried Pollie, delighted. “I thought you were -so angry with me for leaving you.” - -“No, Pollie,” Lucy answered, “I was not angry, and I am very sorry -indeed if I seemed so. I was bitterly disappointed and vexed because I -had not dreamed of your leaving, and it meant taking everything up in -a different way from what I had thought. I was under a terrible strain -too at that time, so that any added pressure made me cry out, and it -may have seemed like anger when it was only pain.” - -“I know that what I did didn’t look pretty,” Pollie admitted. “I’ve -seen that since. But I was in a fine taking. I’d got it into my head -there would be changes and that I’d be turned loose of a sudden, and -I knew that it wasn’t every place that would suit me after I’d been -so long with you and the master. And husband, after he knew more, he -didn’t comfort me nor speak no smooth things. I said you were huffed at -my marrying, and he thought that was unreasonable——” - -“As it would have been,” interjected Lucy. - -“But when it came out how you had been situated with the master going -away, and how good you’d been to my sisters, when they were so weakly, -then husband sang another tune. ‘Them that considers our families,’ -says he, ‘we ought to consider theirs, leastways unless we’re such poor -stuff that we must be always a-getting and never a-giving.’ And I’m -sure I needn’t have been in such a hurry; he’d have waited a bit if I’d -promised him, ’twasn’t his own changing he was feared of but mine! And -we’ve never got rightly settled, and the poor baby’s suffered a good -deal with the moving about, and me getting so tired and worried.” - -“But it is a dear little baby,” Lucy said, stroking the grave little -white face. “I am so glad to see it, Pollie. It is so kind of you to -bring it.” - -Pollie was tearful again. - -“I’ve got a favour to ask, ma’am,” she said. “We’ve never hit on a -name for him yet, and says husband to me, after he read that bit of -troublesome news in the paper—‘I wonder if your mistress would let us -call him after your master. It would show her that we did know who -is good folks, though we didn’t always act like it.’ That’s the best -of husband,” Pollie explained, wiping away her tears. “When there’s -anything he thinks a bit wrong, he never puts it on ‘you,’ he always -says ‘we.’ And says I to him, ‘I’ll go straight off and ask her, and if -she thinks it’s too much of a liberty, I’ll ask if she’d like better -that we named the boy after her son, little Master Hugh, God bless -him!’” - -Lucy’s own eyes were full of tears. She had taken the baby and was -pressing it to her bosom. - -“Call him after Charlie,” she sobbed. “Call him—Charlie. Charlie had -Hugh named after my father—and now if Charlie—if——” she could not -complete her sentence, but added with a great effort—“there will never -be a Charlie Challoner of my own.” - -“Oh, Pollie,” she went on presently, “the terrible part of your leaving -was that I felt Charlie must not know about it. I do believe he would -not have gone for this voyage if he had not firmly believed that you -and I could go on happily and safely while he was away. I hated to keep -the secret, Pollie, but I had to do it, if Charlie was to have what -seemed to be such a chance for his life. And now, after all——” she -could say no more. - -“And I daresay the master thought pretty hardly of me when he did -hear,” said Pollie woefully. - -“He never heard,” answered Lucy. “I meant to tell him so soon as I got -comfortably settled down with somebody else. But that day never came -while he was in reach of letters. Once I thought all was so right that -I began my letter, telling the whole story, but before it was finished -there was disappointment, and that letter never went. To Charlie it -must always seem as if Pollie is taking care of Hugh and me.” - -“I only wish it could be true!” cried Pollie. “I only wish I could -afford to come over twice a week and help that nice person who tells me -she is going to look after your house. I could bring the baby with me, -for he is as good as gold.” - -Lucy looked up; a bright thought struck her. - -“The question is, Pollie,” she said, “could you afford the time? A -married woman owes all her time to her husband’s home, except under -peculiar circumstances or at a pinch. And I’m sure it is wisest and -best so, Pollie, for if a wife’s earnings are not simply an ‘extra,’ -evoked to meet some special visitation of God, they don’t add to the -household prosperity and comfort. I’m sure I’ve seen enough this year -to prove that.” - -“Ay, I know it’s true, ma’am,” said Pollie, “but what you say is just -our case. Husband had an accident last spring and was out of work three -months, and on only half work for a while after, and what with him -bringing in nothing, and wanting dainty food, and with a doctor’s bill -to pay, we got into debt, and before we left the place we had to pay -off, and that meant ‘putting away’ a lot of our things. We’re only in -one room now, ma’am, and that does not suit the ways of either of us, -and that room is bare enough and does not take long to keep clean. And -while I might be helping to get things right again, there I sit with -a heavy heart and empty hands. That’s when women take to mischief—to -gossiping and drinking. Tom’s out from seven in the morning till six at -night. But, of course, I can’t do anything that would take me away from -my baby. I wouldn’t do that, and Tom wouldn’t hear of it, not while we -have a crust of bread to eat.” - -“But, Pollie,” said Lucy, “if you can really afford the time, I can -afford to pay you—I really can,” she assured her former servant, seeing -that she looked pitifully at her. “First of all, I earn a good deal by -my work, if I can get a trustworthy person to work for me in turn; and -secondly, my good friend Mrs. May, whom you have seen, refuses to take -any wages, because she says she knows she will want outside help. I -could afford, Pollie, to give you six shillings a week if you will come -here for two days weekly from eight till four, and of course you would -dine here.” - -“Why, that would pay our rent!” cried Pollie joyfully. “And I know what -working in a nice house like this is, with a proper sitting down to -good food. Husband, he said to me, ‘If you go charing, it’ll just be -cleaning up after slovenly hussies and getting meals o’ broken meat.’ -Won’t he be pleased! And, oh, Mrs. Challoner, this makes me quite sure -you are friends with me again. I only wish I’d been reasonable, and -had treated you friendly, and taken counsel with you, and not been so -sudden-like. Yet there’s some ladies make a servant believe she’s of no -account, and girls are too ready to listen to ’em,” added Pollie, with -a side glance of memory at that conversation with Mrs. Brand which had -so disturbed and unsettled her. “But now I’m sure we’re friends again, -ma’am.” - -“I’m sorry to have ever led you to think otherwise,” said Lucy. “I was -sad and sore myself, and it hurt me to think that, after all the time -we had been together——” - -“And all you’d done for me and my folks,” murmured Pollie. - -“You should act so suddenly in such an important matter, with no -reference to me or my trying position,” Mrs. Challoner went on. -“Perhaps, in my turn, I was not considerate enough of your standpoint. -Anyhow, Pollie, as you say, now we know we are friends again.” - -That was a pleasant interlude. Better even than its immediate comfort -and security was the mystic hint that it seemed to convey not only of -a far-off greater “restitution of all things,” but also of a present -protecting power—that Fatherly love which takes us up when, in the ways -of life or of death, parents and spouses and friends forsake or fail -us. “Goodness and mercy shall follow us all the days of our life.” We -have to walk forward in that faith, and only by such walking forward -can faith be transformed into sacred, secret knowledge. - -It was well, indeed, that there was something pleasant. For, alas for -human nature, it is by foreseeing evil as to its doings that one can -most easily establish reputation as a far-seeing prophet! - -Some days passed before the arrival of Clementina’s box and the receipt -of the postal order were acknowledged from Hull. Then a little parcel -came. - -“I should not wonder but the poor soul, if she has come a little to -her senses, has sent some bit of her needlework as a peace-offering,” -observed Mrs. Challoner as she unfastened the string. - -Far from it! The parcel contained only the half-used packet of mourning -envelopes and a letter. It was a comfort to see that the epistle was by -another and an apparently saner hand. - -The letter was not very long. It began— - - “MRS. CHALLONER,—The trunk has come to hand. We had to pay - a man sixpence extra for bringing it up. Your letter and - post-office order have come. We see you pay only for the - current month. Considering our niece was wore out at your place - and had to leave through illness caused there, we think you - might have done a little more. Our niece says these envelopes - don’t belong to her, and she doesn’t want to take away anything - that isn’t hers. She says she never knew such goings on as - there were at your place, and if the pore dear had gone out of - her mind it wouldn’t have been no wonder. Maybe it is someone - else as is out of their mind. Our niece has got a little means - of her own, and needn’t go to service except where she is - valued. She won’t go anywhere till she’s got back the strength - she lost in your place, and she won’t come back to you on no - account. - - “Yours, - “SARAH ANN MICKLEWRATH.” - -At another time the falseness, the selfishness, the greed, the utter -injustice of that letter would have pained Lucy. It scarcely hurt her -now. She showed it to Miss Latimer, and Mr. Somerset, and Mrs. May, -and they were all indignant; but as for Lucy, she only smiled dimly. - -“We have done all we can,” she said. “We can’t do any more. And we -must not judge these Micklewraths too harshly. We do not know how sane -and reasonable Clementina may appear to them, just as she did to us. I -should not have been readily incredulous of any story Clementina might -have told me about any of our tradespeople or neighbours.” - -It was a suspicious circumstance that Clementina’s nearest relations -at Inverslain preserved a dead silence so far as the little house with -the verandah was concerned. It appeared, however, that they wrote to -Mrs. Bray’s Rachel. She forwarded their letter to Mrs. Challoner. It, -too, was brief and guarded, but was quite different in its tone. It was -written by Clementina’s brother, who deplored the trouble his sister -had given everybody—“precisely as she did when she left the Highlands -without telling us where she was going or what she meant to do. She is -an excitable woman,” he added, “who dwells on things too much and takes -violent fancies.” His conclusion was that, “as her aunt and uncle at -Hull had taken her in—which was more than he and his wife would dare -do, owing to Clementina’s temper—he hoped they would look after her, -and she might quiet down after a bit.” - -Poor Rachel was quite self-accusatory at the sad failure of her -“introduction,” though really it was hard to see how she could blame -herself, since her recommendation had not gone one whit beyond very -good and reasonable grounds, known to herself. She ended her letter by -saying— - -“I fear my dear mistress is very ill indeed. I don’t think she believes -it of herself. At least, she doesn’t wish us to know she believes it. I -don’t imagine she will live to return to her old house. I don’t think -she could be moved from here. I shouldn’t be surprised myself if the -end came at any moment. Mr. and Mrs. Brand have been most kind. My -mistress quite looks forward to see them at almost every week’s end.” - -(_To be continued._) - - - - -HOUSEHOLD HINTS. - - -TO BOIL AN EGG. - -_Method._—Have ready a saucepan of boiling water and put in the egg -carefully with a spoon, taking care not to break the shell. Boil three -minutes and a half for a soft-boiled egg, six minutes for a moderately -hard one, and ten minutes for a hard-boiled egg. - - -TO POACH AN EGG. - -_Method._—Break the egg into a cup, take away the tread, slip the egg -quickly and carefully into a pan containing boiling water, holding the -cup near to the side of the pan as you put it in; see that the egg is -well covered with the boiling water; as soon as the white begins to -set, raise the egg on a fish-slice, let the water drain away and slip -it on to a small piece of hot buttered toast. - - -BROWN THICKENING. - -_Method._—Melt a pound of dripping slowly in a large frying-pan and -stir in by degrees a pound of flour; let this cook very gently over a -slow fire until it is a good dark brown; stir well from time to time -and do not let it burn. This will take about an hour to make. It will -keep a very long time. - - -BROWNING. - -_Method._—Put half a pound of brown sugar in an old tin or saucepan and -let it burn nearly black over a fire, stir in a gill of boiling water, -let it cool, and bottle for use. - - -TO BLANCH BARLEY. - -_Method._—Put it in a saucepan of cold water, bring to the boil, and -throw the water away. - - -TO BOIL RICE. - -_Method._—Wash the rice well, and cook it in fast boiling water with -the lid off for twelve minutes. Pour some cold water into the saucepan, -and then drain the rice off on to a sieve. Return to the saucepan, and -let it dry well on or near the stove. Shake the saucepan well, and take -care that the rice does not burn or stick together. - - -TO MAKE TEA. - -_Method._—Warm the teapot by pouring in a little boiling water; empty -it out and put in the tea, allowing about two teaspoonfuls to every -three people, if the number requiring tea be more than three. For two -allow three teaspoonfuls. Pour on the boiling water, and let it stand -three minutes. - -[Illustration] - - - - -“UPS AND DOWNS.” - -A TRUE STORY OF NEW YORK LIFE. - -BY N. O. LORIMER. - - -CHAPTER II. - -In the luxurious house Marjorie and Sadie did not miss their mother as -Ada did; indeed it was a delightful change for them to have so much of -their sister’s society. She was more amusing than their mother, and -understood their games better. When they heard that their mother had -gone away to a hospital to be taken care of and made well again they -said they were “dreadfully sorry,” but that was partly because sister -Ada looked so sad, and partly because it was polite to say so. About a -week after her mother had left her home Ada was startled one evening by -the old butler, an Englishman, coming up to her while she was waiting -for her father to come down to dinner, and saying in a hushed voice, -“Will you wait any longer, miss? I don’t think the master will come -home to dinner.” - -“Then serve it at once,” Ada said; “but why do you think he will not -return?” - -“He left the house last night, miss, after you had gone to bed, and he -has not been seen since.” - -Ada’s heart stood still. “Not been seen since! What do you mean? Has he -not been at his office? Perhaps he is with my mother?” - -“I don’t think so, miss. Have you not seen the evening papers?” The man -held a copy behind his back, Ada heard it rustle. - -“Give it me,” she cried, as she put one hand on the handsomely carved -pedestal which held a statue of the dancing fawn to steady herself. - -“I’m sorry, miss, to be the one to hand it to you, but the whole city -knows it by this time. It can’t be hid from you much longer.” - -The girl looked at him with a kindly pity in her eyes. She was sorrier -for him at that moment than for herself. He was a faithful old servant -who had been with them since she was a baby. He handed her the paper -and went softly from the room, having the delicacy to feel that it was -not the place even of an old servant to see his young mistress’s sorrow. - -“He’s a low skunking hound,” he said to himself, “if he is my master, -to leave the pretty bit of a creature like that with those two children -on her hands. Whatever will happen to them, I don’t know. There’s about -enough money in the house to pay off all these miserable servants, and -not much more. It’s the dirtiest trick I ever saw played. It was the -disgrace and shock that sent his poor wife off her head, him living -like a prince while he’s been defrauding poor widows and children.” - - * * * * * - -About a month from that day pretty Ada Nicoli, who had been brought up -to look upon herself as an heiress, started out through the city of -New York to try and find some means of livelihood for herself and her -two little sisters. Her mother’s little fortune brought in just enough -money to pay for her residence in the comfortable asylum to which she -had gone before the terrible exposure of Mr. Nicoli’s failure had been -made public, and to pay the weekly board for Ada and her two sisters at -a plain middle-class boarding-house in East Thirty-second Street. - -Ada had tried offering herself as a music teacher, for she played well -and liked music, but wherever she went she was asked whom she had -studied under, and if she had been taught in Germany. So to-day she -was bent on another mission. She had put her pride still further down -in her pocket, but unconsciously her pretty chin was tilted a little -higher. She had to walk now—her tender feet were tired and weary—where -she had once dashed along in a smart carriage. When she arrived at -a part of the town which was little occupied by shops her steps -slackened. She was thinking what she would say when she reached Madame -Maude’s, the fashionable milliner from whom she had been accustomed to -buy her hats. Madame Maude had only one window to her shop, which was -curtained and lined with red velvet. The simple sailor hat, one black -toque, and a white feather boa displayed in it gave the ignorant public -little idea of the fact that almost every time the door bell rang to -admit a customer, it meant that Madame Maude was fifty dollars the -richer. Ada stopped a moment and looked at the window. How often she -had gone with her mother to the shop and come away with some pretty -flowery hat without even asking the price of it. And now she sighed, -for the price of one of those hats would pay for a term of Marjorie’s -lessons at school. They must be educated, the girl cried in her heart, -and they must be brought up as her mother’s children ought to be, even -if they had to work afterwards. She would not let them grow up as -shop-girls from childhood. She opened the door and found herself inside -the shop with no words ready to meet the question of the young girl who -came forward. - -“Can I see Madame Maude?” she asked nervously. “I wish to speak to her -alone.” - -The girl stared at Ada’s perfectly-fitting dress, robbed of all its -luxurious trimmings, as being unsuitable for her present position. -Madame Maude came forward and told the girl to retire. - -“What can I do for you?” she said kindly; she knew that the large bill -still standing in Mrs. Nicoli’s name would never be paid, but Mrs. -Nicoli had been a good customer in the days gone by, and for once a -woman was grateful for favours past. - -“You have heard of our sad trouble,” Ada began, “the world has painted -it even blacker than it is, so there is no need for me to tell you what -a terrible position I am in. I must make money somehow. I have tried in -so many ways and failed. I came to ask you if you knew of any position -in a business house that I could fill. I would not mind how hard I -worked.” She looked so unlike hard work that Madame Maude’s heart was -touched by her appeal which was so pathetically ignorant. - -“What can you do?” she said, wondering what the girl called “hard work.” - -“I don’t know,” Ada replied in a shamefaced way, “for I have never -tried, but I think I could learn millinery very quickly.” - -“My dear child,” the elder woman said, “you don’t know what you are -saying. Do you know that my best hand was apprenticed for three years -before she received a dollar; the next year she got a little more than -a dollar a week, the fifth year she went to Paris and studied for a -year and a half. She is not only a milliner but an artist; it takes -years to acquire the knowledge, and I pay her accordingly. My hats are -not made by girls who have trimmed up their old hats at home.” - -Ada looked crestfallen. “I never thought of all that; I only know that -your hats are always in perfect taste.” - -Madame Maude had been looking at her while she spoke. “If you won’t be -offended, I’ll make you an offer,” she said. - -Ada bent her head in answer. She was willing to sweep the floors if she -had been asked. She had spent her last dollar, and the washing-bill -was not paid for last week, and Sadie had started a bad cough which -demanded a tonic, and tonics have to be paid for. - -“If you will come here and act as saleswoman,” Madame Maude said, “I -will pay you well.” - -“Oh, how kind of you!” the girl cried. “Of course I can’t be offended.” -It was such a nice, quiet little shop, quite a private house; there was -nothing to shock her in the suggestion. - -“Stop a bit,” Madame Maude said, “till you hear what that means. I -won’t pay you fifteen dollars a week for merely handing a customer a -hat, and telling her the price—you’ve got to make her buy it.” - -“How can I?” Ada said, in a mystified voice. - -“I’ll tell you,” Madame Maude explained; and she took a lovely hat from -a drawer, and put it on her own head. Her face was broad and homely, -and the hat did not suit her either well or badly. - -“Look at me in this hat,” she said, “and imagine I am the customer.” - -Ada looked. - -“Now look at yourself in it,” and she placed the hat on Ada’s head of -shining hair. - -Ada smiled, a half-pleased, half-bashful smile. - -“Now when the customer says she does not think the hat will do—she is -afraid it does not suit her—and you have seen that it is _the_ hat -she is hankering after, say quite casually, ‘I’m sorry, madam, you -don’t like it,’ and put it on your own head. Move about the room in -it, and let her see how charming it is. In a few moments she will have -forgotten how she herself looked in it, and will fondly imagine that -she will look like you, and the hat is sold.” - -Ada’s face had fallen. - -“Will you do it?” Madame Maude said. “It will be money easily earned; -my saleswoman is leaving next week.” - -“I am to make money by my face,” Ada cried, with a choking voice; “it’s -so horrible.” But something was saying to her, “You must have money; -you have spent your last dollar, except what will pay for your bare -board. The children must go to school, and Sadie wants a tonic. She has -a cough because she has been denied the luxuries she has been used to, -and has had to walk to school in all sorts of weather.” - -“Yes, I will come,” she said; “but what if I do not sell them as you -expect?” - -“I will risk that,” the woman said kindly, “for I know the value of a -pretty face below a forty-dollar hat.” - -When Ada found herself once again on Fifth Avenue, she could scarcely -believe she was the same girl who had lived in the magnificent mansion -at the other end of the town a few months ago, and had spent all her -days in light-hearted amusement. She felt tired and depressed, and -afraid of the position she had undertaken to fill. - -When she reached home she found that Sadie and Marjorie had not yet -come back from school. She was anxious about their delay, and stood on -the doorstep looking up the street to try and catch a sight of them. - -“Why do you fret yourself about those two children, bless your dear -heart. They’re a deal better able to look after themselves than you -are.” - -One of the boarders was addressing Ada from the hall. - -“They’re so young to be out alone,” Ada said. “They’ve always had -someone to bring and take them from school.” - -“Time they learnt to come and go alone, I guess. How long do you -suppose you can go on working yourself to pieces, anyhow? If you want -to do the best you can for these two young ’uns, bring them up to look -after themselves. You were brought up like a sugar-plum, and you’re -feeling it mighty bad now, I reckon, to be treated like pig-iron.” - -“I know you mean kindly,” Ada said, “but at least I have had the -benefit of refined surroundings in my youth. I can’t let little Sadie -knock about like a street child.” - -“Much like a street child she is, with her white starched petticoats, -and dainty pinafores. It’s just killing you, child, that’s what it is, -and coloured things are just as comfortable.” - -“But we have only white things,” Ada said apologetically, “and I’m -afraid I can’t buy any more just yet.” - -“To be sure. I never thought of that,” the fat, good-natured boarder -said laughingly. “What’s going to happen to you, child, when these fine -things wear out. It does me good to look at your pretty figure in these -well-cut gowns. But they won’t stand rough wear.” - -Then Ada told her she was going to earn fifteen dollars a week at -Madame Maude’s. - -“You’ll have all the young men in the town coming to choose their -sisters’ hats,” the boarder said, “and men are a deal more easily taken -in than women folk. Madame Maude is a clever woman.” - -(_To be continued._) - - - - -THINGS IN SEASON, IN MARKET AND KITCHEN. - -OCTOBER. - -BY LA MÉNAGÈRE. - - -Venison and pork are the “novelties” that we note in the markets this -month, and also a splendid show of brocoli. It is also a grand time for -cheeses, as many old-fashioned country fairs testify. This month dairy -farmers will be busy bringing their cheeses into the right markets -ready for the Christmas sales, and where cheeses are shown we usually -see sausages and pork pies, also gingerbread. All these things are -toothsome in October—the month of mellow days and frosty nights. We -begin to get ready walnuts and chestnuts for Hallowe’en festivities, -and we sort out our apples, some for cider, some for “biffins,” and -some for preserving. We must now pickle our red cabbages, too, also -onions, and see that potatoes are stored. Those who have good keeping -places, even in town, may now invest in sacks of potatoes, and bushels -of apples, as this is the time for getting these at a cheaper rate than -will be possible later on. Housewives in the country who have piggies -to dispose of for bacon will be thinking of turning the poor animals -into that useful commodity. - -There is also the harvesting of the flower-seeds and roots, and much -work is done in the flower garden preparatory for the next spring. -Indeed, this is altogether one of the busiest months of all the year. -Nature has not yet gone to sleep, although she is preparing for her -winter’s rest. - -We may now begin to bring into use some of our dishes of heat-giving -foods such as we keep for winter days, not as a regular thing, perhaps, -but occasionally. For instance, we may commence having porridge for -breakfast, warm puddings, good vegetable soups, honey and treacle to -our bread. Roast goose and apple sauce will be a favourite dish with -many now, and, indeed, geese are better at this time than later, as -they are neither so rich nor so fat. - -So will also game pie be. Indeed, ever since Friar Tuck feasted the -disguised Cœur de Lion upon this dish (which then was called game -pasty) in the heart of Sherwood Forest, it has been a dish beloved of -all Englishmen. Perhaps it may not be amiss to give it here in detail. - -_Game Pie._—A very good short or raised crust is used to line the -bottom and sides of the mould. For the upper crust it is usual to -use puff pastry, although the raised crust is quite good enough. -Place first a layer of small pieces of rump steak, then of venison -steaks, trimmed and rubbed with spice, salt and pepper. Next some -joints of hare, partridge, or other game, and fill up all spaces with -highly-flavoured forcemeat. Add a little gravy, and cover the dish -closely, but not with the crust; this should be put on when the pie is -rather more than half cooked. Glaze this and ornament it when nearly -finished cooking. - -A very good imitation of a game pie may be made entirely without game, -by using veal and steak together, and adding plenty of well-made -forcemeat. As the gaminess will depend on this forcemeat, it will be -well to show what this is composed of. - -Half-a-pound of calf’s liver and as much good ham should be baked -in the oven in a covered vessel until perfectly tender. Pound these -together in a mortar to a smooth paste. Add a large tablespoonful of -finely-powdered herbs—thyme, marjoram, sage, savoury, and tarragon—all -these, or as many of them as possible. Add also cayenne pepper, salt, -and a few chopped mushrooms. Mix very thoroughly, and place little -balls of this and quarters of hard-boiled eggs at intervals with the -meat, then put in a little strong gravy, place the top crust on, and -bake the pie in a baker’s oven until of a good deep brown. When eaten -cold this is uncommonly good. - -A breakfast dish met with in Yorkshire, but not, I believe, elsewhere, -is a _Covered Apple Tart_, and very good it is, either hot or cold. -The crust would be ordinary short or flaky paste rolled out to about a -quarter of an inch thick. On the lower crust a thick layer of stewed, -sweetened, and spiced apple is placed, the top crust put on, the edges -crimped together, and melted butter brushed over all, then well baked. - -Hominy cakes with honey, and oatmeal batter-cakes, are delicious for -breakfast also. - -We should not omit also to have plenty of roasted apples at all times -while they are so good, and the smaller pears and apples will be very -good eating indeed if they are baked in a stone jar in a baker’s oven. - -A good dinner menu for October would be the following:— - - Potato Soup, with Grated Cheese. - Gurnet, Baked and Stuffed. - Roast Loin of Pork. Apple Sauce. - Brocoli and Baked Potatoes. - Wild Duck. Orange Salad. Cranberry Jelly. - Cabinet Pudding. - Cheese. Biscuits. Butter. - -_Potato Soup._—Peel, boil and mash half-a-dozen potatoes, and slice up -a small Spanish onion into a little butter, which should cook while the -potatoes are boiling. Put all together, and add a pint of boiling milk, -a spoonful of flour mixed smooth with milk, and boil together. Season -with pepper and salt, and if not already too thick add a little cream. -Serve very hot with grated cheese in a separate dish. - -The _Gurnet_ are stuffed with a mixture of chopped shallot, parsley, -herbs, breadcrumbs, butter, seasoning, and an egg. Grate breadcrumbs -over, and pour on them a little oiled butter, and bake in a fairly -quick oven for about twenty minutes or half an hour. Serve in the same -dish if it is a nice one. - -_Wild Duck_ require very quick roasting and frequent basting. Garnish -them with a lemon cut in quarters, and serve any gravy that may have -run from them in a tureen. - -_Orange Salad_ is made by slicing peeled oranges, freeing them from -pips, and covering the slices with a little sugar. - -_Cabinet Pudding._—Put a pint of new milk on to boil with two -spoonfuls of sugar and the rind of a fresh lemon; then add it to three -well-beaten eggs. Butter a mould, and decorate the bottom and sides -with strips of candied peel, stoned raisins, etc. Fill with alternate -layers of sliced sponge cake and raisins. Pour the custard over, and -let it soak for an hour or so, then cover with buttered paper, and -steam the pudding gently for an hour and a half. - -If this pudding were for eating cold (and it is quite as good so), -a little dissolved gelatine should be added to the custard before -pouring it over the cake. A few macaroons give a nice flavour to a cold -pudding. - - - - -THE ROMANTICISM OF BEETHOVEN. - -BY ELEONORE D’ESTERRE-KEELING. - - -The title of this paper will probably surprise many of my readers who -have been accustomed to regard Beethoven solely as the king of classic -music. - -I have not set myself so foolish a task as the attempt to prove that -this is not his true position. Undoubtedly Beethoven is king of classic -music, but—how much more than that he is! - -It must have struck everyone that there is a certain quality in -Beethoven’s music which is absent from that of every other classic -composer, a quality which appeals to each one of us personally, and -which does not appeal in vain. - -[Illustration: THE HOUSE WHERE BEETHOVEN WAS BORN.] - -If we play consecutively three or four Sonates by Haydn or by Mozart, -what is almost invariably the result? - -In each case we like the first one and probably the second one; at -the third we begin to feel bored, and at the fourth we shut up the -book. And yet how lovely they all are! Haydn takes us to play with the -children; Mozart introduces us to the ballroom. But Haydn did not spend -his life’s days on a merry-go-round, and Mozart was not perpetually -paying compliments. Quite the contrary. Haydn, as we know, never had -any children, and that disagreeable wife of his left little happiness -for his home. As for Mozart—well, Mozart had a charming wife, but he -was so pitifully poor that one winter’s morning, when the snow lay -thick on the ground outside, a friendly neighbour, calling in to see -how the young couple were getting on, found them dancing a waltz on the -bare boards of their scantily furnished room. They had no fire, and -this was the only means that they could devise for keeping themselves -warm. - -When Mozart went on a journey, he wrote the prettiest love-letters to -his Stanzerl. Here is a bit of one of them:—“Dear little wife! If I -only had a letter from you! If I were to tell you all that I do with -your dear likeness, how you would laugh! For instance, when I take it -out of its case, I say ‘God greet thee, Stanzerl, God greet thee, thou -rascal, shuttlecock, pointy-nose, nick-nack, bit and sup!’ And when I -put it back, I let it slip in very slowly, saying, with each little -push, ‘Now—now—now!’ and at the last, quickly—‘Good night, little -mouse, sleep well!’” There is nothing in all Mozart’s music the least -little bit like that. And why? - -Mozart’s music is strictly classical and anti-romantic. His character -is stamped upon it, as the character of Haydn is stamped upon his -music, but his circumstances, the events of his daily life, have -no part in it, and whether he had been rich or poor, successful or -despairing, his music would have been exactly the same. - -With Beethoven quite the reverse is the case. If it were possible to -play the whole volume of Beethoven’s Sonates at one sitting, the last -thing player or listener could complain of would be the monotony which -culminates in boredom. - -There would be Beethoven tender, Beethoven sublime, Beethoven -ferocious, Beethoven serene, and as many more Beethovens as there are -adjectives in the dictionary. And this is the secret of Beethoven’s -popularity. - -For the musician there is the perfect form, the exquisite mode of -expression; for the amateur there is the man, with all the hopes and -fears and aspirations which he shares with his fellow man. - -Beethoven wrote the most meagre of letters, but every emotion that -swayed him found utterance in his music, and this it is which gives to -his music the quality known as Romanticism. - -Many definitions have been given of the terms classical and romantic, -but the clearest and cleverest definition that I have met is that -given by the French writer, Monsieur Brunetière,—“Classicism makes the -impersonality of a work of art one of the conditions of its perfection, -while Romanticism means Individualism.” In other words, classicism -confines itself to the thing done; romanticism is more interested in -the doer of that thing. - -Beethoven’s earliest works in each branch of his art are purely -classical. During their composition he was leaning on Haydn and Mozart. -Life had not yet become to him a matter of absorbing interest, for he -still regarded it from the standpoint of the student. - -The Fantasie Sonate, Op. 27, No. 2 (ignorantly called the “Moonlight -Sonata”), opens to us the first page of the tone-poet’s life. It was -written in 1801, when Beethoven was thirty-one. - -Thirty-one! At this age a man feels life at its best; it is then that -his pulse beats strongest, that, his powers being fully developed, -he sees the years stretch smiling before him, like the vision of a -promised land. All this Beethoven felt, and he was fully conscious of -his power. “The Eroica,” the great ‘C Minor,’ “The Choral Symphony,” -“Fidelio,” locked within that mighty brain, awaited only the master’s -bidding to come forth and delight a world. - -But between him and this glorious future there fell a shadow which was -destined to rob life of all that made life dear. He plainly saw that -shadow. - -In a letter to a friend, written at this time, he says, “How sadly -must I live! All that I love I must avoid. The years will pass without -bringing that which my talent and my art had promised. Mournful -resignation, in which alone I can find refuge!” - -Already the gates of his ears were closing, and deafness was shutting -him out from the world which he had just begun to love. - -Then he met the beautiful Countess Julie Guicciardi. She was sixteen, -she was poor, and he gave her music lessons without payment, accepting -only in return linen which her pretty fingers had stitched. - -She was flattered by his homage (what girl would not be flattered by -the homage of a Beethoven!) and she encouraged his attentions. Perhaps -even she really loved him. - -Again he wrote to a friend: “Somewhat more agreeably I live now, going -more among people. This change has been wrought by a dear, bewitching -girl, who loves me and whom I love. At last after two years’ misery, -some happy moments have come, and I feel for the first time that -marriage could make me happy.” - -Poor Beethoven! Countess Julie’s father had other plans for his young -daughter, and her music master was scornfully dismissed. - -The mental conflict of this period found expression in the “Fantasie -Sonate.” The mournful resignation of the first movement contrasts -vividly with the thunder of the finale. - -In a letter to his friend Wegeler, Beethoven now wrote:—“If nothing -else is possible I will defy my fate, though moments will always come -in which I shall be the wretchedest of men.” - -He spoke so much more eloquently in music than he did in words, that I -should like to take my readers to the piano and tell his story there. -But let us beware of playing the Sonate _romantically_. In interpreting -an emotional work this is a danger which must always be carefully -avoided. We should not repeat the poet’s story as it affects us, but as -it affected him. - -The resignation of the first movement must be the resignation of a -strong nature—there is fire beneath it. A Beethoven does not shed tears. - -In the second movement the poet conjures up before his mind the memory -of happy hours, gone for ever. His child-love appears before him in -all her grace and witchery. There must be something phantom-like about -it, something very tender, almost intangible. - -The last movement is a song of anguish and despair. The proud spirit -“defies its fate,” but there are moments in which we recognise “the -wretchedest of men.” - -Thus ended Beethoven’s first love-story. There was no tender parting -between him and Julie; the “Fantasie-Sonate,” dedicated to her, was -his last love-letter, and with it he dismissed her from his mind. -“Strength,” he said proudly, “is the characteristic of men who -distinguish themselves above others, and it is mine!” It was his. - -[Illustration: BEETHOVEN.] - -All Europe was now ringing with the fame of Napoleon, the only person -on earth—except Goethe—whom Beethoven regarded as his equal, while of -him, even, he said, when, in 1806, news of Napoleon’s victory at Jena -was brought, “What a pity that I don’t understand war as I understand -music. _I_ would conquer him!” - -In this mood the Eroica Symphony was written. It is a chapter of -history. - -But I have not space to follow the great Romanticist through all his -moods and their outpourings. I must confine myself to a few of them. - -In October 1802 Beethoven was sent by his doctors to Heiligenstadt, a -quiet village not far from Vienna. He was in a state of the deepest -despondency. The shadows were closing round him, and the voices of the -world reached him but faintly. - -In the stillness of the country he found peace, the exquisite Sonate in -D minor, op. 31, no. 2, was written there. Let us take it to the piano -too, and listen to its tragic story. - -The long drawn out arpeggios with which it opens are the longings of -his heart. (He was still only thirty-two!) Joy dances fantastically -round him and vanishes. Another sigh, another vision of joy, and then -heaven opens and he looks in. - -[Illustration: COUNTESS THERESE.] - -I do not think that even Beethoven ever wrote anything more wonderful, -more full of the ecstasy of being, than that glorious first movement. - -[Illustration: ROOM IN BEETHOVEN’S HOUSE.] - -The second part of the Sonate is very slow, and at first it seems -to promise peace for the troubled soul. It is in B flat major, -which should and does suggest rest. But after such a struggle as the -first movement indicated, peace does not come at once; listen to -the throbbing, shuddering triplets in the bass; they begin at the -seventeenth bar, and every time that they occur they are followed by -a lament in the minor. They accompany that lament. Further on, we -find a lovely song-like passage in F major (bar 31), and now see how -beautifully Beethoven arrives at that song. Laying a gentle hand on his -triplets (bar 27) he smoothes them into even notes, changes the sad C -minor for C major, and then brings in his song. But that song is only -a rift in the clouds; the storm comes on again, always heralded by the -triplets, and note the curious accompaniment given later on to the left -hand. Right up at the top of the key-board it begins and slowly it -creeps down, always down. Hope would ascend—that passage marks despair. -Once again comes the song of comfort, this time in B flat major, and -the movement closes calmly in the same key. - -The last part of the Sonate had a curious origin. Seated in his silent -room, which looked out upon the little-frequented high road leading to -the village, the composer became conscious of the trab-trab of a horse -whose rider was passing by. The rhythmic movements of the animal’s -hoofs, heard as they were but faintly by the half deaf musician, -resolved themselves into a phrase in his mind which he jotted down -mechanically, and this phrase persistently reiterated, formed the -conclusion to the Sonate which was then filling heart and brain. - -Only Beethoven would have conceived psychology so good as that. How -often in the most crucial moments some trifling, quite irrelevant -detail forces itself upon our notice, and absorbs attention which we -should be unwilling to acknowledge. - -[Illustration: BEETHOVEN, 1786-1827.] - -The portrait of the great composer’s soul, which he painted for us in -the D minor Sonate, would have been less perfect had he withheld the -trivial circumstance which awoke him from his dreams, and gave him -again to the world. - -At this country retreat the famous Heiligenstadt will was also written. - -It shows us another side of Beethoven’s character, and leads to another -phase of his Romanticism. - -The will begins thus: “Oh, you men, you who have thought of me as -defiant, stubborn, misanthropic, what wrong you have done me! Bethink -you that for six years an incurable condition has befallen me, made -worse by foolish doctors who from year to year deceived me with -hopes of improvement. Though born with a fiery temperament, and even -susceptible to the charms of society, I have had to separate myself -from everyone, and pass my years in loneliness. - -“What mortification when someone, standing beside me, caught from afar -the sound of a flute and I heard nothing! - -“Such incidents brought me to the verge of madness, and little more was -wanted to make me put an end to my existence. - -[Illustration: RELICS OF BEETHOVEN.] - -“Only my art held me back. Ah, I felt that it was impossible to leave -the world before I had accomplished my mission! - -“Great God, Thou who lookest down upon me, Thou seest my heart and Thou -knowest that love and goodwill abide there.” - -Immediately after this will, the six sacred songs, to words by Gellert -(op. 48), were composed. - -There is something infinitely pathetic in the thought of this great, -lonely man, so profoundly ashamed of his bodily infirmity, and so -conscious that he was misunderstood by all his fellow-men, turning -thus in the hour of his sorest need to the One whom he could trust. -The first of the six songs is a Prayer, the last a Song of Repentance. -They are all very simple, as such songs should be, and through them the -strong, personal note is unmistakable. - -The quiet life at Heiligenstadt had another beneficial effect upon -Beethoven. Both the Pastoral Symphony and the Pastoral Sonate trace -the source of their inspiration to the pine forests, the rustic -surroundings and Sabbath stillness of this picturesque village. The -Symphony of course was a later work, but it was also composed at this, -Beethoven’s favourite holiday resort. - -But ardent lover of Nature though he was, he was not the sort of man -who could pass his days in sylvan solitude. He was extremely sociable, -even, in his way, extremely domestic. - -Probably if he had secured the happy home life for which he so often -longed, we should have been the losers, for he might truly have said, -with Heine— - -“Out of my great sorrows I make the little songs.” - -When he made his will at Heiligenstadt he believed himself to be dying. -At the close of it came this prayer— - -“O Providence, let once a day of pure happiness shine upon me!” - -That prayer was granted, and he found many days of pure happiness -by the side of the Countess Therese of Brunswick, the aunt of the -faithless Julie. - -Countess Therese was the right woman for him, and nobody knows why -their marriage did not take place. They were certainly betrothed, and -Therese’s brother Franz was Beethoven’s most intimate friend. To him -the Sonate Appassionata was dedicated, surely the grandest tribute that -could be paid to any friendship. It was written during the composer’s -visit to the Brunswicks’ estate in Hungary in the summer of 1806, and -probably was intended as a message for Therese, which her lover could -not trust himself to deliver. - -Soon after leaving the Brunswicks Beethoven wrote to the Count— - -“Dear, dear Franz! Only a line to tell you that I have made good terms -with Clementi. Two hundred pounds I am to get, and over and above I can -sell the same works again in Germany and France. Further, he has given -me other orders, so that I may reasonably hope to attain the dignity -of a true artist in early years. Kiss thy sister Therese, and tell -her that I am afraid I shall become famous before she has erected a -monument to me.” - -At the same time, July, 1806, the much-discussed love-letter was -written. This letter was found, after his death, among Beethoven’s -papers, with the portrait of the Countess Therese, which is -reproduced in this number of THE GIRL’S OWN PAPER. The original is an -oil-painting, and on the back of it is written (in German of course):— - -“To the rare genius, the great artist, the good man, from T. B.” - -Every biographer of Beethoven has had a different theory as to the -love-letter, but it is now generally granted that it must have been -addressed to the Countess Therese, whom Beethoven in it calls “_meine -unsterbliche Geliebte_.” (My immortal love). The letter begins:[1] -“_Mein Leben, mein Alles, mein ich_” (My life, my all, my self), and -the exquisite Sonate in F sharp, op. 78, which is so seldom played, -translates those words into music. This Sonate was written in the -autumn of 1809, when Beethoven was again with the Brunswicks in -Hungary, and it is dedicated to the Countess Therese. - -Rather an amusing incident in connection with it is related in a -conversation between Beethoven and his pupil Czerny, at the end of -which the composer exclaimed irritably— - -“People always talk of the C sharp minor Sonate as if I hadn’t composed -much better things. The F sharp Sonate is something very different!” - -The C sharp minor Sonate was Julie Guicciardi’s, and it did not -please Therese Brunswick’s lover to be reminded so often of that old -love-story. - -But he was quite right. The F sharp Sonate undoubtedly is a very -different thing. It is less passionate, but it is much more finished. -There is a sweet serenity about it which suits the noble face of the -gracious lady who inspired it. My readers will need no guidance through -it; one glance at Therese’s portrait will help them more than anything -I could say. “Mein Leben, mein Alles, mein besseres ich” sings the -little prelude, and then the piece glides along like a boat on a sunny -sea. Lucky Beethoven and lucky Therese, the day of pure happiness has -come! - -There is one more phase of Beethoven’s character upon which I want -briefly to touch. Everyone knows that during his last years he was -often in great straits for want of money. Perhaps you, my readers, will -not think that money troubles are a feature of Romanticism, but money -troubles, like others, may be the cause of anxiety, heart-burning or -disappointment, and when these feelings are expressed in any work, the -personal element, with them introduced, is the source of Romanticism. - -Amongst Beethoven’s MSS. there was found after his death a Rondo -inscribed in his own handwriting— - -“The rage over a lost penny, worked off in a Rondo.” - -That Rondo is one of the prettiest and the wittiest things in music. - -The average Englishman will scarcely be able to realise that a man like -Beethoven, a genius, could make such a fuss over a lost penny, but -those who know Germans will be less incredulous. - -Perhaps, too, it was not just the penny; it may have been the principle! - -At all times Beethoven was suspicious, and he always thought that he -was being cheated. He very often was cheated, and when we remember that -by this time he was stone-deaf, and that he had no sympathetic friend -to whom he could confide his troubles, we shall begin to understand why -he put his rage over a lost penny into his music, with all his other -emotions. - -The piece (op. 129) is not easy to play, for it requires a reckless -self-abandonment which is only possible to those players to whom it -offers no technical difficulties. Bülow’s edition of it, published by -Cotta, is the best. In one of his notes the editor says, “You can see -the papers fly from the table, while the furious hunt proceeds,” and he -declares that the man who wrote this brilliant Rondo could have written -an _opera bouffe_ if he had tried. - -Much more might be said about Beethoven’s Romanticism. I have not -touched at all upon his more exalted phases of feeling, the patriotism -which was so wonderfully expressed in the seventh Symphony, the -philosophy of life which culminated in the Choral Symphony with its -impossible “Ode to Joy,” telling in tones what Goethe tried to tell in -words at the end of the second part of _Faust_. - -My object had been to show that musical form, or perfect classicism, -was the beautiful vessel which Beethoven made use of to carry his own -human thoughts and emotions, and that, as Maurice Hewlett says in his -book, _Pan and the Young Shepherd_— - -“Life goes to a tune, according as a man is tuneful, hath music.” - -FOOTNOTES: - -[1] The letter and its history are given in Thayer’s delightful _Life -of Beethoven_. - - - - -SHEILA’S COUSIN EFFIE. - -A STORY FOR GIRLS - -BY EVELYN EVERETT-GREEN, Author of “Greyfriars,” “Half-a-Dozen -Sisters,” etc. - - -CHAPTER XXIII. - -SUNSHINE. - -It was a balmy day at the end of April, and in the great conservatory -at Monckton Manor a little group of people had established themselves -amongst the tall ferns and flowers, and girlish voices and laughter -mingled with the plash of the fountain in the centre of the warm -fragrant place. - -Upon a cane lounge lay Oscar, white and thin, and frail of aspect, yet -with something of the vigour and animation of returning health, which -was very visible to those who had watched tremblingly beside him during -the weeks of his tedious illness. - -Sheila and May Lawrence sat near him, chatting with the ease and -familiarity of an intimate friendship. It had long been May’s most -cherished plan that so soon as Oscar should be strong enough for the -move, he should be transported to Monckton Manor; and her mother had -fallen in with the idea so soon as she had been assured on medical -testimony that there was no fear of his bringing infection into the -house. - -So a fortnight ago the move had been made, and out in the pure fresh -air of the country, away from the noise and bustle of the streets and -a busy household, Oscar had made a fresh start, and had surprised -everybody by the rapidity with which he gained ground. - -For a week past he had almost lived in the conservatory, which, with -its evenly regulated atmosphere, its sweet flower scents and the -sensation of airiness and freshness, was almost like a new world to the -invalid. He felt as though he were living out of doors “in Madeira,” as -he would smilingly say; and then he and May would get Sheila to tell -of beautiful Madeira, its rainbows, its flowers, its sunshine and long -cloudless days; and Oscar would lie listening and dreaming, till he -felt as though he were living the life there himself. - -And Sheila, talking with absolute freedom to the brother with whom -she had always shared her thoughts, and from whom she had never kept -a secret, and to the girl-friend whom she now felt as though she had -always known, soon talked away every bit of bitterness or vexation, -and would enjoy a hearty laugh with her companions over the little -weaknesses of her aunt, and think instead of her devotion to her -daughter, which had led her into some comical errors. Since Sheila had -learned to forget herself, to lose the sense of her own little wrongs, -to feel everything merged in the great ocean of the unchangeable love -which had wrapped her round in the hour of her keenest need, and had -given her back her brother from the very gates of the grave, it had -been so easy to forgive and forget. All the bitterness had been washed -away. She was ashamed to think how angry she once had been. Everything -else had looked so small, so insignificant, when seen in the light -of the solemn realities of life. And although now the graver mood -had passed, and with a rebound of nature, Sheila was her own bright -laughing self again, yet there was a new sweetness in her smile, and -new softness in her manner, and Oscar would lie and look at her in a -great content, wondering what the change was and whence it had come. - -“Here is North!” cried Sheila, suddenly springing up to get a better -view through the palm leaves, whilst a bright flush suddenly rose in -May’s cheeks, and the light leaped into her eyes. “I suppose he has -come to see Oscar; really he is wonderfully attentive just now. He -comes very often.” - -May’s eyes were dancing, as she looked eagerly towards the advancing -figure; and though his errand was ostensibly to ask for the invalid, it -was to her face that his eyes first leapt as he made his way towards -them. - -Oscar had no need to expatiate upon his progress, his face spoke for -him, and North looked satisfied and pleased. - -“My father wants to see you, Oscar, when you are a little stronger. He -has several things to say to you. That bit of mystery about the bill -has all been cleared up. He wants to speak of it to you once, and then -bury the miserable business in oblivion.” - -Oscar’s colour came and went. Sheila clasped her hands together in -excitement, and May’s flush deepened in her cheeks as she asked softly— - -“Shall I go away whilst you talk it over?” - -But North shook his head. - -“There is no need for that, I think. You are Sheila’s friend, and I -expect you know all that we have done for some while. Of course, it -is very painful for us, but the truth must not be ignored. Suspicion -cannot be permitted to attach to Oscar. Even though Cyril is my -father’s son, he must not be screened at the expense of another.” - -“I am so sorry!” breathed May softly. - -“Yes; it has been a heavy blow to both my father and mother. The chief -hope is, that having had his eyes thoroughly opened, my father may see -that a different method must be pursued with Cyril. Temptation has come -to him through opportunity. If the conditions are changed, things may -be better, for he is, I trust, sincerely ashamed and repentant at last. -It has been a miserable business looking into his affairs this past -year, but we have got to the bottom of things now, and I feel sure his -eyes have been thoroughly opened, and our mother’s grief has touched -his heart. I hope this is the end of trouble.” - -“Oh, I hope so—I do hope so!” breathed Sheila softly. - -“And I was still to blame,” said Oscar. “I ought never to have let the -money out of my hands.” - -“Well, so I say,” answered North, with a smile, “but my father -exonerates you even there. He says that he would not have hesitated -to place it in Cyril’s hands himself, and would have taken a receipt -from him without scrutiny; and he cannot blame you for what he would -have done himself without a thought. However, that can rest now. What -my father wishes is to come and see you, afterwards to briefly explain -the matter in the office to those who know the circumstances, during -Cyril’s absence, and then to try and forget the whole business and -speak of it no more.” - -“Is Cyril going away?” asked Sheila quickly. - -“Yes, for a time; and to Madeira first. Our uncle has just written, -inviting him rather pressingly. It seems that he has been rather bitten -by the tales of travel he has heard from the visitors there, and he -wants to see a little more of the world before returning home. Aunt -Cossart and Effie do not share this desire, and they will shortly come -home together in the mail; but he wants to go to the Canary Islands, -and then take a boat for the Mediterranean, and see some of the African -ports, and Spain and perhaps something of Italy, before he gets back; -and he wants Cyril for his travelling companion.” - -“Fancy Uncle Cossart turning into a globe-trotter!” cried Sheila -merrily. “But how nice for Cyril!” - -“Yes, it seems just the thing for the time being. He will be better -away for a little while, and we shall know that he is in safe keeping. -My father will write a full account of everything to our uncle—that -is only right. But he has always been a favourite with them, and they -will be glad to help us out of a present difficulty by taking him off, -away from his old companions, and giving him something to do in playing -courier to Uncle Cossart. Cyril is a good traveller and speaks several -languages with a fair fluency. He is as much pleased with the prospect -as he could be with anything in his present frame of mind.” - -“And are Aunt Cossart and Effie coming home?” asked Sheila with -interest. - -“Yes, by the next mail after Cyril arrives there. Effie is so much -better that there is no need to keep her out any longer, and our aunt -is beginning to tire of hotel life, and to want to get back to her -own home again. She wants you and Oscar to be there to welcome them, -Sheila; and invites Oscar for the whole summer. She thinks he would be -much better a little way out of the town after his illness, even when -he is well and at the office again; and she says that the dog-cart or a -riding horse will always be at his disposal to take him backwards and -forwards.” - -“Oh, how kind of her!” cried Oscar, with a look of animation and -pleasure in his face; and Sheila felt her own cheeks growing hot. She -remembered her angry words of a few months back—“I will never forgive -Aunt Cossart. I will never, never live at Cossart Place again!”—and a -wave of self-reproach and humility swept over her, as she realised how -hasty she had been in judging and condemning. - -Her aunt might not always be very wise, or even quite just; but she was -very kind of heart. If her fondness for her daughter made her foolish -sometimes, she could show at others a very tender consideration and -thoughtfulness. - -“It would be splendid for Oscar,” she said softly; “I should like to -send a letter to Aunt Cossart by Cyril. I’m afraid I have not always -been quite nice to her and Effie; but I will try to be better now.” - -Oscar flashed a look at her that brought sudden tears to her eyes, -and May, seeming to divine that they wanted to talk to each other, -suggested that North should come and see the daffodils in the copse; -they were looking so lovely in this flood of spring sunshine. - -“Oh, Oscar,” cried Sheila, as soon as they were alone, “I do feel so -ashamed!” - -He knew what she meant, and answered smiling— - -“Well, you know, it was rather hard lines on you after all; and you -only let fly to me. Nobody else knows; and you tell me you said hardly -anything to Aunt Cossart before leaving.” - -“No, I was too angry, too miserable. I knew if I talked I should cry. -But, oh, how furious I was with her in my heart!” - -“That was bad; but we all have our falls. You have not been furious now -for a long while; and I hope you will not be tempted again.” - -“Oh, I hope not—I hope I know better. But, Oscar, if it had not been -for your being ill directly, and everything else going out of my head, -I should have talked to Ray and everybody as I did to you. My head was -full of the things I meant to say; and how I never, never, never would -go to Cossart Place, or be with Effie, or do anything they wanted me -to any more! Think if I had had it all out to them; and then this kind -letter from Aunt Cossart, thinking of such a splendid plan for you! Oh, -how miserable and ashamed I should have been. I am rather now; but it -would have been ten times worse then!” - -“Yes; so I suppose we had better try and learn to keep our hot angry -thoughts to ourselves,” said Oscar thoughtfully, “and fight them down, -and see what they are really like before we try and let fly! Looking -back at things, I’ve often been sorry for speaking hastily; but I don’t -think I’ve ever been sorry for holding my tongue, when it would have -been rather a satisfaction to let it run away with me!” - -“My tongue was always a more unruly member than yours, Oscar,” said -Sheila with a smile and a sigh, “but I will try to keep it more under -control; and, oh, it will not be difficult when we are together. We -shall have such lovely times up there. It really is a nice place; only -it was dull before. But if you are there every evening, it will always -be something to look forward to. And oh, Oscar, isn’t it good that -you are cleared! I had almost forgotten that—because I think in the -end nobody at home believed it of you. But I am so glad uncle knows -everything; though how could Cyril do it?” - -“I suppose he was very much tempted. I am afraid he got into bad -company and was in great straits lest exposure should follow. It is -easy for us who are not tempted in that way to be very much horrified; -but we have our own falls into our besetting sins. That should make us -very careful how we judge other people. Should we do better in like -case?” - -Sheila was silent and thoughtful; she could not believe for a moment -that her brother could ever fall into such a transgression; but it came -to her that probably Cyril had not fallen all at once, but had given -way little by little to what seemed like venial sins, till at last it -had been easy to commit one from which at the outset he would have -shrunk in horror. - -“Whosoever hateth his brother is a murderer!” The words seemed to be -spoken in her ear; and she realised with a start of shame and horror -her own spasms of bitter hatred. If she had given way to her impulses -of anger, if she had blindly followed her own impulsive thoughts and -purposes, what family breach might not have taken place—what bitterness -might not have been aroused? In her heart—in the sight of God—she might -have been a murderer! - -She buried her face in her hands, and was silent; and Oscar, who was -also very thoughtful, spoke no word. He was thinking himself to what -proportions his own carelessness and shiftlessness might have grown, -had it not been that the sharp lesson met with had pulled him up short. - -It seemed long before the other pair rejoined them; and then North had -only time to say a hasty farewell and walk off to the works again. He -had stolen an opportunity when things were a little slack to make his -visit; but he wished to be back before closing time. - -“Oscar must have his beef-tea and a nap,” May decreed with an air of -sovereignty which became her well. “Ah, and here it comes. And then -you and I will take a stroll together, Sheila. It is so lovely out of -doors!” - -The excitement of North’s visit had disposed Oscar for a rest now that -it was over, and he settled himself contentedly after he had taken his -kitchen physic. The two girls left him to sleep, and passed out into -the sunshine together. - -Sheila talked eagerly of the future and her delight in having Oscar -with her for the summer. May assented cordially and gladly; but went -off into a brown study afterwards, giving her answers at random. At -last Sheila stopped short laughing and looked at her. Something in her -face bespoke such a vivid happiness that she was half startled. - -“May, what is it? What has happened?” she asked; and the smile which -broke over May’s face was brighter than the sunshine itself. - -“That is what I want to tell you. That is what I got you out here for. -I am the happiest girl in all the world. North has told me that he -loves me. He has asked me to be his wife!” - -(_To be continued._) - - - - -QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS. - - -GIRLS’ EMPLOYMENTS. - -_DOMESTIC SERVICE.—“I am a lady by birth and up-bringing, but I have -always had a sincere desire to be a domestic servant. I should choose -a housemaid’s position, as I am fond of housework. When I was a child, -playing with my dolls, I always took the part of servant, and, as -I have grown older, every story that I could get that had anything -about servants in it I have read and re-read. I have tried two other -occupations, but have failed for various reasons, and believe I should -succeed better as a servant. How could I be trained in a housemaid’s -duties? Must I go as an under-housemaid first of all?_ - - “CATHERINE NANCY.” - -Evidently “Catherine Nancy” has a distinct vocation for domestic -work, and she would therefore do wisely to follow her natural bent. -The important question a girl should ask herself in choosing a career -is “What is the best class of work that I am likely to be able to do -successfully?” For instance, there are conceivable cases in which -a girl might feel that she would make a good dressmaker or a good -painter; we should then consider that, if no difficulties presented -themselves on the pecuniary side, the painter’s profession should be -chosen. Girls nowadays often fall into one of two errors; either they -try to do work which stands highest in human esteem and fail because -they have not the power to do it, or, from reasons of over-modesty or -indolence, they choose to perform mechanical and subordinate work, when -with a little effort and determination they could rise to something -better. But among girls of the middle class the first mistake, the -mistake of over-ambition is the more usual. To return to the practical -problem set us by our correspondent, we think there is every argument -in favour of “Catherine Nancy’s” entering domestic service. Formerly -no doubt there might have been an objection that “Catherine Nancy” -would be cut off from association with friends of her own class; but -this difficulty is rapidly disappearing. “Catherine Nancy” may like -to be informed that “lady servants” are now in great demand, and that -employers are often willing to make important concessions in order to -obtain them. Many persons employ only ladies in their service, while -others are often willing to give training to a well-educated girl in -return for services. “Catherine Nancy” could very probably be received -into some clergyman’s or other nice household on the footing we have -mentioned. It may be worth while to remind “Catherine Nancy” that it -might be desirable later to rise from the position of housemaid to that -of parlourmaid. The duties of a parlourmaid, comprising as they do -the showing-in of visitors, waiting at table and polishing the plate -and glass, are peculiarly suitable for a ladylike girl to perform. -But it would be time enough later to consider the advisability of -such a change as this, and in any case it would be well to begin as a -housemaid. We recommend “Catherine Nancy” to advertise for a situation -as housemaid in a house where lady-servants are employed. - - -_LAUNDRY WORK.—“Is there any place where I could obtain lessons in -laundry work? I need to earn some money, and I think I could obtain the -washing for one family; but though I wash well, I do not think I am a -sufficiently good ironer at present.—C. M.”_ - -“C. M.” could be well taught in the Battersea, Borough Road, or Regent -Street, Polytechnic. The last would be most convenient for her in point -of locality, but by inquiry at some Board School in her neighbourhood -she might hear of evening classes being held still nearer to her home. -This would be decidedly advantageous, as omnibus fares from north-west -London, where she lives, would cost money, which we are sure from her -letter she could ill afford to spend. For some reasons we should have -thought it better for “C. M.” to take employment in some large steam -laundry until she has learnt all departments of the work thoroughly, -for she is doubtless reluctant to leave home for many hours at a time. -May we express to “C. M.” our admiration for the thrift displayed in -the little account she gives us of her expenditure. There are not many -couples who would attempt to spare out of 22s. a week, 2s. 6d. for -insurance and sick pay, and 2s. for an aged relative. But we cannot -doubt that people who enter on married life in this spirit, determined -to be both thrifty and generous, will not want for means or help in -days to come. - - -_DRESSMAKING QUESTION.—“I wish to place a lady, aged twenty-one, in -some business or profession to enable her to earn a living. She leans -to dressmaking. Do you recommend that trade? How long will it take to -learn it in all its branches? What premium will have to be paid by an -outdoor apprentice? Presuming that she studies for two years, what -ought she to be able to earn at the end of that time? What would be the -hours of work of an apprentice who paid a premium? Can you recommend a -firm of dressmakers in Brighton who teach?—STOKE.”_ - -To anyone with a taste for dressmaking we undoubtedly recommend the -business. We receive intimations continually of good openings for women -to establish themselves as dressmakers. We will reply to “Stoke’s” -numerous questions in their order. In two years a girl ought to be -able to obtain a fair all-round knowledge of dressmaking; but she must -be careful to insist on being taught the work of each department, as -in some firms there is a tendency to keep a girl at one kind of work -only. An outdoor apprentice is not usually asked to pay a premium, -but is expected to give services for some little time. The length of -this period of free service varies greatly, as much according to the -custom of the firm as the ability of the young dressmaker. In any case -the outdoor apprentice is not likely to receive more than a shilling -or two a week during any portion of the first year. What she would -receive at the end of two years is most difficult to foretell, so much -depending on the amount of aptitude she had developed in the meantime. -The average wages of employees in London dressmaking businesses are, -resident fitters, £40 to £100 a year; experienced bodice-hands, 16s. to -20s. a week; ordinary bodice-hands, 12s. to 15s. a week; assistants, -8s. to 10s.; skirt-hands, 8s. to 18s. It is probable that she would -have to begin as an improver at 8s. A fashionable and well-paying firm -in the West End that is known to us pays its out-workers 11s. to 18s. -a week. The maximum fee to indoor hands is £2. Dressmakers’ hours are -regulated by the Factories and Workshops Act. The regular day, that -is to say, is one of twelve hours, including meal-times. A good deal -of overtime is unfortunately worked during the season. An apprentice, -whether paying a premium or not, would be expected to work these hours; -but it is possible she might be excused the overtime, if special -conditions to that effect were made at the time of engagement. We do -not happen to be able to recommend a firm of dressmakers in Brighton. - - -_EMIGRATION.—“Will the Australian Agents-General be sending out any -more girls from this country to Australia this year, on the same terms -as last year? I am a general servant, getting £20 a year. Could I do -better in Australia? Do they treat their servants better out there than -here? I do not like service, but am very fond of housework and do not -mind what I do. Would you recommend the Cape or Canada in preference to -Australia? I think many of us girls complain and grumble when we ought -to emigrate instead._ - - “A WOULD-BE EMIGRANT.” - -If it is the conditions of English service that “A Would-be Emigrant” -dislikes and not the work itself, we think she might very likely -find herself happier in Canada or Australia. The Cape is less to be -recommended, as much Kaffir labour is employed there and consequently -only very good servants are wanted. Free passages are given to domestic -servants of good character between the ages of 18 and 40 who wish to -emigrate to Western Australia. Inquiries should be addressed to the -Agent-General for Western Australia, 15, Victoria Street, London, -S.W. To other parts of Australia there are no free, but some assisted -and nominated passages. To Canada there are no assisted passages. -The emigrant to Canada should select April as the month in which to -leave. Women should communicate with the Women’s Protective Immigration -Society, at Quebec, and at 84, Osborne Street, Montreal, if they think -of going to Canada. Servants in Canada receive the following wages -per month:—Prince Edward Island, £1 to £1 8s.; Nova Scotia, £1 4s. -to £2; New Brunswick, £1 4s. to £1 12s.; Quebec and Ontario, £1 4s. -to £2 8s.; Manitoba and the North-West, £1 8s. to £3; and in British -Columbia—where nurse girls mainly are wanted—£2 8s. to £4. - - -_EMPLOYMENT FOR MIDDLE-AGED LADIES.—“How can three middle-aged ladies, -greatly reduced in circumstances, best obtain a living? They could -spend about £30 in preparing for employment, and have an income of -£30 per annum. Some persons have suggested that they should take a -small house at about £50 per annum, and then let apartments; but these -ladies do not feel that they could incur heavy liabilities or have the -responsibility of a large establishment. They are educated, and used to -keep a ladies’ school.—M. S. S.”_ - -These ladies are quite wise not to spend all they have on the rental -of a house, leaving themselves nothing for board or servants’ wages. -The profits on lodgers are small and would certainly not cover the -expenses of conducting such an establishment for some time to come. In -our opinion it would be best for the ladies to separate and to take -any posts that they could fill. They should try to obtain some kind -of employment in the capacity of matron. Possibly one of them might -obtain the matronship of a workhouse, or of one of those homes in which -young children are trained. Educated ladies who are equal to doing some -housework are much sought after to act as “house-mothers” to small -colonies or families of poor children. Matrons are likewise sought for -rescue or preventive homes for girls. It is for some occupation of this -class that the ladies might wisely offer themselves. If they fail to -obtain such posts on immediate application in reply to advertisements, -then it would be advisable to spend some portion of the pounds they -have by living and working for a few years in one of the London women’s -settlements. This is the best advice that can be offered; but the case -is certainly both sad and difficult. - - - - -ANSWERS TO CORRESPONDENTS. - - -STUDY AND STUDIO. - -BEATRICE M. PARAGREEN.—We do not know the book to which you refer. -There is a book, _Chapters on the Art of Thinking_, by James Hinton -(published at 8s. 6d.); and another, _Three Introductory Lectures on -the Science of Thought_, by Professor Max Müller (published at 2s. -6d.), which might help you. If you specially want the volume you name, -write to the publisher or author of the book where it is recommended, -asking for details. - -EURYDICE.—Note the error in spelling your pseudonym. The story of -Orpheus is as follows:—Orpheus, a mythical personage, was supposed to -live before the time of Homer. Presented with the lyre by Apollo, and -taught to use it by the Muses, he could attract all living creatures, -and even trees and stones, by his enchanting music. When his wife, -Eurydice, was stung by a serpent and died, he followed her into the -abode of Hades, and by the charm of his lyre won her back from the king -of the regions of the dead. One condition only was attached to this -favour—that Orpheus should not look upon his recovered wife until they -had arrived at the upper world; but just at the last moment he did look -back, and she was caught away into the infernal regions once more. The -story is often mentioned in classic literature, and is to be found in -any classical or mythological dictionary. A charming poem upon the -legend, by one of our readers, first sent for criticism in this column, -appeared in THE GIRL’S OWN PAPER for December, 1898. - -K. S. J.—We should think that your copy of _The Mercurie_, of July -23rd, 1588, if genuine, is certainly valuable. Write to the authorities -of the British Museum, London. - -A MAY BLOSSOM.—We should advise you to write to the Secretary, Board -of Technical Education, St. Martin’s Lane, London, W.C. He will answer -all your questions. We fancy the only way to obtain a situation as -technical teacher of any subject, is to watch for vacancies and apply -for them as they occur. - -PRIMROSE.—1. Write to the Secretary of the Church Missionary Society, -Salisbury Square, London, E.C., inquiring for the hymn in question.—2. -We do not think it is customary to have a cake and a new wedding-ring -at a silver wedding. At any rate we have never heard of the practice in -London. - -HOPEFUL.—The best course would be for you to allow the young girl, who -has so good a voice, to attend for a course of training at the Royal -Academy of Music, Royal College of Music, Guildhall School of Music, or -Trinity College, London. For terms see Answers to Correspondents in THE -GIRL’S OWN PAPER for May, etc. No correspondence with a professional -singer would be of much use in the way of tuition. If you had given -your address, our advice might have been more practical. Good lessons -are all-important. - -MAYFLOWER.—We cannot undertake any criticism by post (_vide_ rules -in June and other numbers). There is nothing at all original in -your verses, and it would, we fear, be useless for you to think of -publication. At the same time they are a pleasant exercise for you in -composition, and you appear to have a good ear for rhyme. You should -not, however, change your metre in the middle of a poem, as you do -in “Past and Present” and “Darkness and Dawn.” In “Spring” you will -observe that “The birds are gaily singing” is a line of different -cadence from “And the birds so bright and gay,” yet each occupies the -same place (second) in the verse. - -A BLUNDERER.—Spring again! Your letter is modest. Blank verse needs -to be exceedingly poetical in order to be satisfactory, as there is -no rhyme to help the ear. The fault of your composition is a negative -one: there is little in the lines to prevent them from being read as -prose, save the fact of their being placed below one another, and being -of equal length. “Must needs be always upward sent” is a specially -unmusical line. The metre you use is not appropriate to blank verse, -and if you wish to try again, we should advise you to write in rhyme. - -DORA.—Spring once more! We do not wish to be unkind, for it is -perfectly natural that this season of the year should inspire a longing -to write, and we sympathise with you in saying “Often I try to put my -thoughts into words, but they fall very far short of the conception -of my brain.” We prefer your poem on “The Seasons” to those we have -just been criticising, but it is full of expressions that would not -pass muster, _e.g._, “her pearly satin brow,” “the mould of marble -cheeks.” The course of education to “fit you for a literary career” -must be varied and extensive, comprising an acquaintance with the best -literature of your own country, and of other countries also. - -GWYNETH A. MANSERGH.—You might like _The Bird World_, by W. H. D. -Adams, illustrated by Giacomelli (Nelson), published at 8s., J. E. -Harting’s _Sketches of Bird-Life: Haunts and Habits_, illustrated (W. -H. Allen, 10s. 6d.), or Rev. J. G. Wood’s _Branch Builders_ (Longman, -2s. 6d.). - - -INTERNATIONAL CORRESPONDENCE. - -M. ARAPIAN, care of British Post Office, Smyrna, Turkey, Asia Minor, -asks MISS ANICE E. CRESS if she would be so kind as to forward her -present address. - -“IDA,” who has for some time been corresponding with FLORENCE JEFFERY -of 848, Columbus Avenue, New York, writes to say that the last letter -was returned with “not found” upon it. As “IDA” much enjoyed the -correspondence, she begs MISS JEFFERY to renew it. She would also like -to correspond with another English girl living abroad, aged about -nineteen. - -MISS TAYLOR, 22, Lynmouth Road, Stamford Hill, London, N., would like -to exchange stamps with anyone who can let her have specimens of -Newfoundland stamps, old and new issues, or any from New Brunswick, -Nicaragua, Finland, or Iceland. Also, she would be glad to correspond -with any amongst the G.O.P.’s many readers in India who would send -her some of the curious Asiatic stamps, such as Alwar, Bhopal, Cabul, -Cashmere, Deccan, Faridkot, etc. - -GWYNETH A. MANSERGH, Willowdale, Broxbourne, Herts, aged 13½, wishes to -correspond with “VALENTINA.” She would also like to exchange post cards -with “GIGLIA.” - -“PEGGY PICKLE” would very much like to correspond with a French girl of -about her own age (18) interested in literature, art, or any outdoor -pursuits. She thinks “JAPONICA’S” plan of writing alternate letters -in French and English, her correspondent doing the same, a very good -one. She would also like to obtain a German correspondent, though her -knowledge of the latter language is very slight. - -LILY GODDARD, Abbotsford, Burgess Hill, Sussex, would like to -correspond with a French girl aged 16 or 17, each to write in the -language of the other, and to correct the letters received. - -BESSIE ALEXANDER, Mimosa Villa, Newport, Jamaica, West Indies, desires -to exchange stamps with other girl collectors. - -MISS L. HANDSON, 84, Cartergate, Grimsby, would like to correspond with -MISS NELLY POLLAK. - -EDITH G. EDWARDS, care of W. M. Edwards, Esq., Rosebank, P.O. Box 37, -Krugersdorp, Transvaal, wishes to write in French to some French girl, -who might write in English, letters to be corrected and returned. - -BESSIE BURNETT, 8, River View, Ashton, Preston, Lancashire, 13½ years -of age, writes as follows: “I should very much like to correspond with -VALENTINA BOZZOTTI, St. Giuseppe 11, Milan, Italy. I am very glad she -loves English people, and I feel sure I should love her. I look forward -with pleasure to writing and making friends with someone else who reads -THE GIRL’S OWN PAPER.” - -⁂ The requests given above oblige the Editor to repeat that where an -address is given by a subscriber any would-be correspondent may write -to her direct, without losing time by sending to this column. Addresses -are given with the view of their being used, and when given, may be -considered correct and sufficient. - - -MEDICAL. - -A CONSTANT SUFFERER.—The liver is a most unfortunate organ, since it -has to bear the brunt not only of special diseases of its own, but -also of many of the morbid conditions of the stomach and bowels below, -and of the heart and lungs above. But this is not all. The liver -has to suffer for every indiscretion in diet—a most formidable form -of slavery—and over and above this, it is held responsible for many -complaints with which it has nothing to do. If you eat too much, too -rich food, too often, or too indigestible food, the liver must suffer. -The signs of “liver complaint” are a feeling of oppression in the right -side of the abdomen; a yellowish tinge of the skin; headache; weariness -and disinclination for work or exertion of any kind; sleeplessness and -nightmares; constipation, usually, and general debility. The cause -is almost invariably overeating or overdrinking, combined with a -sedentary occupation. But it may be due to other more serious causes. -The treatment is suggested by the cause—extra exercise, little to eat, -and still less to drink. There is one drug which is of immense value -in this condition, namely, calomel. Two grains of calomel with twenty -grains of bicarbonate of soda, and one day’s absolute fasting, will -usually cure an attack of “liver.” Abstemious living will prevent the -attacks from recurring. - -CONSTANT READER.—Your friend had far better see her own doctor. It -would be a waste of time to discuss all the possible things from which -she may be suffering, and you tell us nothing which could lead us to a -correct view of her illness. - -ANXIOUS ONE.—Your condition is connected with a feeble circulation. -Plenty of digestible food, warm clothing, and plenty of exercise, will -do you more good than any local application; but the ichthiol ointment -_may_ do something for you. - - -MISCELLANEOUS. - -AN ANXIOUS SISTER.—The salary of a London female sanitary inspector is -from £80 to £150 per annum. In the provinces it is rather less, being -from £52 to £80; in Scotland £52. An excellent position for both males -and females. - -A. B. C.—Certainly, Meran, in the Tyrol, is one of the very first -places for the grape cure; but it is so popular that you should engage -apartments or hotel accommodation some time prior to your visit. We -have made the cure there, and consider it a beautiful locality. It -stands at 1,100 feet above the sea-level. Should you find Meran too -expensive, try Botzen, also a charming place at Gries, a suburb, full -of shady gardens, and detached villas, and pensions. Here the “air -cure,” as well as grape cure, is carried out. Should you decide on -Botzen, you had better write to the Hôtel Badl, or the Schwartze Gries, -in the Square Botzen. You could drive out to Gries from thence, and -suit yourself. One piece of advice will be valuable to you. Take a -less quantity of grapes than the full amount generally prescribed, and -procure from a doctor or chemist the tooth-powder essential for the -preservation of the teeth. The peculiar acid of grapes tends to destroy -the enamel. Remember this. - -MINNIE.—You will have to commence paying dog tax as soon as your puppy -has passed six months of age, when you will be charged 7s. 6d. per -annum. - -B. D.—The address of the “Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to -Animals,” is 105, Jermyn Street, St. James’s, S.W. The secretary is -John Colman, Esq. - -ROVER.—The phrase, “between dog and wolf,” is applied to the dusk, when -there is neither clear daylight nor darkness. There is the same phrase -in Latin and French, viz., “_Inter canem et lupum_,” and “_Entre chien -et loup_.” - -GLODEN CARRICK.—The origin of the name “London” is of remote times in -English history. If from the Celtic, it is a corruption of _Luan-dun_, -“City of the Moon,” which seems appropriate, considering that, -according to tradition, a temple to Diana—the Moon—stood on the site -of St. Paul’s. Other origins are given for the name; such as “Lud’s -town,” being so called after a mythical king of Britain (so termed by -Dr. Brewer). Stowe, however, speaks of him as a real character, and -says he repaired the city and built Lud-gate; and that, in the year -1260, the gate was decorated with the figures of kings—Lud included. -In the time of Edward VI. the heads of these monarchs were knocked -off—possibly being mistaken for effigies of saints—and “Queen Mary,” -Stowe continues, “did set new heads upon their bodies again; and the -twenty-eighth of Queen Elizabeth, the gate was newly and beautifully -built, with images of Lud and others, as before” (_Survey of London_). -Spenser, in his _Faerie Queene_, confirms the tradition that Lud— - - “... Built that gate of which his name is hight, - By which he lies entombèd solemnly.” - -JANEY.—You can buy ready-prepared marking-ink so cheaply, and it saves -so much trouble, that an old-fashioned recipe for home making seems -out of date. Still, we give one out of our own recipe book, which is -said to be satisfactory. For the ink, take 25 grs. of lunar caustic; -¼ oz. of rain water; and ½ drachm of sap green. To prepare the article -you will need ½ oz. sal. soda, ¼ oz. of gum arabic, and 2 oz. of -rain water, and a little cochineal. Steep the part to be marked in -this preparation. We have not tried it; but if the ready-made ink be -unsatisfactory, you can but make a trial of this. - -SUFFERER.—Although you may not have the means of obtaining the benefit -of change of climate and mineral waters, prescribed for you by your -doctor, there is much you can do—and with a prospect of cure—at home. -Avoid the use of sugar in everything; use saccharine in your tea, and -take exercises night and morning, to free the contracted muscles of -the arm. Raise the arms from the sides (stretching them out) twelve -or twenty-four times; throw them upwards, higher than your head, in -front of you. Spread them out on each side, and bring them up behind -your back so as to meet; and swing round each hand alternately, to -clasp it respectively on each shoulder; turning the head every time to -that side. Whichever of these exercises hurts you the most, should be -repeated the oftenest. These exercises (and especially with abstention -from sugar) will cure the rheumatism in your arm and shoulder. - -IGNORANT OF ETIQUETTE.—It is not necessary to leave cards for yourself -nor for any member of the family if received by your hostess in person. -Certainly on whatever occasion you are shown into a reception room, you -should be announced by the servant as you enter. Never send in a card -for the purpose. - -KITTY.—There could be no hard and fast rule as to the character or -amount of a _trousseau_. All depends on the wealth and position of the -bride’s parents. She has nothing to prepare for her future home. That -is the husband’s business. - - * * * * * - -[Transcriber’s Note: the following changes have been made to this text. - -Page 789: duplicate word “and” corrected—“and let it stand”. - -Page 798: horrow to horror—“shame and horror”. - -Page 799: recieve to receive—“to receive more than”. - -Page 800: your to you—“you enter”.] - - - - - - -End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Girl's Own Paper, Vol. XX. No. -1028, September 9, 1899, by Various - -*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK GIRL'S OWN PAPER, SEPTEMBER 9, 1899 *** - -***** This file should be named 63684-0.txt or 63684-0.zip ***** -This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: - http://www.gutenberg.org/6/3/6/8/63684/ - -Produced by Susan Skinner, Chris Curnow, Pamela Patten and -the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at -https://www.pgdp.net - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will -be renamed. - -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United -States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. 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