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diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d7b82bc --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitattributes @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +*.txt text eol=lf +*.htm text eol=lf +*.html text eol=lf +*.md text eol=lf diff --git a/LICENSE.txt b/LICENSE.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6312041 --- /dev/null +++ b/LICENSE.txt @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +This eBook, including all associated images, markup, improvements, +metadata, and any other content or labor, has been confirmed to be +in the PUBLIC DOMAIN IN THE UNITED STATES. + +Procedures for determining public domain status are described in +the "Copyright How-To" at https://www.gutenberg.org. + +No investigation has been made concerning possible copyrights in +jurisdictions other than the United States. Anyone seeking to utilize +this eBook outside of the United States should confirm copyright +status under the laws that apply to them. diff --git a/README.md b/README.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5c8e678 --- /dev/null +++ b/README.md @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +Project Gutenberg (https://www.gutenberg.org) public repository for +eBook #63558 (https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/63558) diff --git a/old/63558-0.txt b/old/63558-0.txt deleted file mode 100644 index 58725ba..0000000 --- a/old/63558-0.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,1799 +0,0 @@ -The Project Gutenberg EBook of Harlow Niles Higinbotham, by Harriet Monroe - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most -other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of -the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you'll have -to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this ebook. - -Title: Harlow Niles Higinbotham - A memoir with brief autobiography and extracts from speeches and letters - -Author: Harriet Monroe - -Contributor: Eugene Field - -Release Date: October 26, 2020 [EBook #63558] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: UTF-8 - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK HARLOW NILES HIGINBOTHAM *** - - - - -Produced by Richard Tonsing and the Online Distributed -Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This file was -produced from images generously made available by The -Internet Archive) - - - - - - - - - - HARLOW NILES HIGINBOTHAM - - -[Illustration: _HNHiginbotham_] - - - - - HARLOW NILES HIGINBOTHAM - A MEMOIR - with Brief Autobiography and Extracts - from - Speeches and Letters - - - Written and Edited - by Harriet Monroe - - - CHICAGO - 1920 - - - - - CONTENTS - - - Page - Biography 9 - - - Appendix A - - Lincoln in 1864 49 - - - Appendix B - - The power of personality 53 - - - Appendix C - - The man who did me a good turn 57 - - - Appendix D - - An inscription in a copy of “Echoes from the Sabine Farm” 61 - - - - - HARLOW NILES HIGINBOTHAM - - -Harlow Niles Higinbotham, represented, to a singular degree, the best -citizenship of the second and third half-centuries of the Republic. Born -on an Illinois farm October tenth, 1838; educated in his native state; -serving as a volunteer soldier through the Civil War; employed by a -small dry-goods house and working for it loyally and with perfect -integrity until it had become one of the greatest merchandising firms in -the world, and he one of its most active partners; responding with ardor -to every public call, whether it came from a newsboys’ and bootblacks’ -club or from the World’s Columbian Exposition; retiring from business at -sixty or more, and giving his later years, with beautiful devotion, to -his family and his favorite charities and public works; and dying at -eighty in full career and with faculties unimpaired; such a life -epitomizes the strength and character of the nation during its robust -and adventurous formative period. - -The story of his earlier years may be outlined in Mr. Higinbotham’s own -words; for a rough manuscript, autobiographical but written in the third -person, was found among his papers after his sudden death. It begins as -follows: - -“Harlow Niles Higinbotham was born on a farm near Joliet, Illinois, -October tenth, 1838. His father was Henry Dumont Higinbotham, who was -born on January tenth, 1806, and died in 1865. His mother was Rebecca -Wheeler Higinbotham. Both were born in Oneida County, New York. They -moved to a farm in the Township of Joliet, Illinois, in 1834. The -Higinbotham family came originally from Holland, removing thence to -England, thence to the Barbados Islands and from there to the United -States. - -“The farm, upon which Henry Dumont Higinbotham settled, was made up of -lands purchased from the Government by him and not previously under -cultivation. It is still in possession of the family, enlarged by -purchases and inheritance from the late Mrs. Harlow N. Higinbotham’s -estate; her son, Harlow Davison Higinbotham, being the present owner and -resident. For years a beautiful feature of it has been the carnation -greenhouses—for the subject of this memoir made that flower his special -hobby, and propagated many new varieties. - -“Henry Dumont Higinbotham built and operated saw-mills with water-power -furnished by Hickory Creek, a stream that runs through the farm. In the -early days farmers for many miles brought their wheat and corn there to -be ground, and his compensation was a percentage of the grain brought, -called toll. This he ground, and sold as flour and meal. He also kept -cattle and hogs that were fattened by feeding at or near the mill, the -tailings being used in part for that purpose. Being one of the early -settlers in that section, he was looked upon with reverence by his -neighbors, and was always called ‘Uncle Henry’ and his wife ‘Aunt -Rebecca.’ - -“When Harlow N. Higinbotham was a small boy the farther fence of his -father’s farm was the last evidence of civilization in that direction. -In later years he used to say: ‘I remember going with my father when he -went out to erect a flag-pole in the middle of the prairie as a -preliminary for a wolf-hunt that was held at least once each year. On a -given morning all the settlers would start on horseback, with dogs and -guns and horns, from the outer edge of a circle having a radius of ten -or more miles, and work towards the center, where the flag-pole had been -erected. In this way wild animals would be driven into a pocket, -surrounded and killed. This was made necessary to protect the sheep, -swine and poultry of the settlers. I have seen wolves kill our sheep in -our own fields.’” - -In one of his addresses is another reference to his early life: - -“Our fathers were pioneers on the prairies of Illinois. There we early -learned the lessons of Nature, and recognized and loved the message that -the recurring seasons had for us. The flowers of the field and the -forest were our companions, and we knew when and where to look for them; -we knew the habit and habitat of each, and they were an open book to us. -We knew the birds, and were not long in discovering that by their flight -and their notes we could tell the season, and almost the hour of the -day. When we heard in the field the love-note of the pinnated grouse, or -in the woods heard the drumming of his ruffed cousin on the logs, we -knew it was time to plough and plant. An approaching storm was announced -with certainty by the coming of the quail from his seclusion in the -thicket to a position where he could make his message heard. The -crooning of the cricket, and the call of the katydid, each had a meaning -and message that we understood. These constituted the catechism from -which we learned to believe in Deity, and the larger and diviner life -for man.” - -To return to the autobiography: - -“The farm was about three miles east of the village of Joliet, and the -early schools were the ordinary district schools with one teacher for a -few months in each year. In winter they used to have spelling contests -every week in one of the three schools located at three points of a -triangle named Jericho, Babylon, and Bagdad. Harlow had the distinction -of being the champion speller when he was so small that he had to stand -on a box to be as high as the others in the class. - -“In order to give his children a better school, Henry Dumont Higinbotham -built a house in the village of Joliet about 1855 and moved there. This -was his home until his death in 1865. - -“In 1857 the nineteen-year-old youth accepted a position as bookkeeper -and teller in a bank in Joliet, after which he was cashier of the Bank -of Oconto, at Oconto, Wisconsin. In 1860 he became entry clerk, -bookkeeper and cashier for Cooley, Farwell & Company, wholesale -dry-goods dealers in Chicago, a city he had first discovered long before -from the top of a load of hay which he had brought there to sell as a -boy. In 1862 he left Chicago to go to the Civil War. - -“He first enlisted in the Mercantile Battery, but was rejected on -account of poor health. Then he obtained a position as clerk in the -Quartermaster’s Department, and went to Clarksburg, West Virginia. His -service there being much in the open and on horseback, his health was -restored. While there he organized a company of infantry, as a guard to -protect Clarksburg as a base for supplies for the United States army, -which was always in the mountains, frequently leaving its base -unprotected. He was captain of this company, which was called the Kelley -Guards, General Kelley then being in command of the department. While in -Chicago Mr. Higinbotham had belonged to the old Zouaves, and had been -drilled in the manual of arms and company formation and tactics. The -Government supplied the Kelley Guards with arms and ammunition, and -their presence perhaps prevented raids that might have been made. The -company was made up of men employed in the Quartermaster’s and -Commissary departments. - -“In 1863 and 1864 Higinbotham served in like capacity in Kentucky and -Tennessee, and concluded his service at Hagerstown, Maryland, at the -close of the war. - -“Returning to Chicago in 1865, he engaged as bookkeeper with the new -firm just commencing business as Field, Palmer & Leiter. This firm -changed in 1867 to Field, Leiter & Co., and a few years later to the -present firm of Marshall Field & Co. Mr. Higinbotham was a member of -that firm and remained in that business until he retired in 1902. In his -later years he was the only original member of that firm still living.” - -On December seventh, 1865, occurred his marriage to Miss Rachel Davison, -of Joliet. Her mother was Priscilla Moore, whose ancestors were of -Scotch descent, and came to this country in 1723, settling in -Londonderry, N. H. The two had been acquainted since childhood, their -fathers’ farms being side by side. They attended the same school, and -later, when Rachel Davison was the belle of Joliet, their friendship -grew and culminated in their marriage. Six children—two sons and four -daughters—were born of this union. Two of the daughters died in infancy. -The four surviving are Harlow Davison Higinbotham, Henry Mortimer -Higinbotham, Florence, wife of Richard T. Crane, Jr., and Alice, wife of -Joseph Medill Patterson. - -During the presidential campaign of 1864, when a large parade was to be -held in Joliet in honor of McClellan and Pendleton, the democratic -candidates, Rachel Davison had been selected to head it because of her -great beauty and fine horsemanship; and this beauty remained with her -until her death on June twenty-fifth, 1909. - -Although modest and shy, Mrs. Higinbotham was a strong personality. She -cared little for social life, never seeking conspicuous position, her -home and children being always uppermost in her thoughts. Her sense of -duty, and her thrift when a young matron, aided her husband to attain an -influential position in the community. She exerted a strong influence, -and during their life together was companion, adviser, and assistant in -large business undertakings and in philanthropic work. Like him, she was -always kind, and always mindful of those in need. - -During the World’s Fair, her gracious hospitality made their home the -centre of Chicago’s social life. Their house on Michigan Avenue, -designed in early French renaissance by F. Meredith Whitehouse, was a -charming setting for the many entertainments given for distinguished -visitors. - -We now return to Mr. Higinbotham’s narrative: - -“At the time of the Chicago fire on October ninth, 1871, Higinbotham was -in charge of the Insurance and Accounting Department of the business of -Field, Leiter & Co., and was only an employe of the firm. Without -waiting for instructions, he went to their barns and called out all the -drivers with their teams; and he and they went at once to the store and -commenced carting away the most valuable goods to a point south of the -fire limit or belt. They continued this all night, and at the same time, -by changing blankets in the windows and keeping them wet, they kept off -the fire until it had passed them on the opposite side of State Street, -gone north a mile or more and burned the city waterworks. This occurred -at about seven in the morning of October tenth, Higinbotham’s -thirty-third birthday. - -“With their water supply thus cut off, they were helpless and had to -abandon the store and its contents to the fire that slowly backed up -from the north and drove them out. A later inventory showed that they -had saved a little over six hundred thousand dollars’ worth of goods, -their proofs of loss showed that a little over two million and a half -had been burned, and their insurance amounted to nineteen hundred -thousand dollars. This would indicate a loss of six hundred thousand -dollars. It was, however, much greater for the reason that many of the -insurance companies were unable to pay their obligations, a number not -more than ten cents on the dollar. A portion of the saved goods were in -the car barns at Twentieth and State Streets, some in a wooden church at -Thirty-second Street and South Park Avenue. Higinbotham’s home was then -on Prairie Avenue near Twenty-seventh Street. - -“Higinbotham went from the fire directly to Mr. Leiter’s home, and told -him of a plan he had formed for the re-establishment of the business. -Mr. Leiter threw up both hands and exclaimed, ‘Oh, Higinbotham! It is -too early to make plans—Chicago is gone!’ Mr. Higinbotham replied, ‘No, -no—we have got to do these things anyway.’ His plan was for Mr. Field to -give his attention to finding a place wherein to re-establish the -business; Mr. Leiter was to take charge of the saved goods, and have -them inventoried so that the inventory would show the contents of each -case. Higinbotham had in mind the adjusting of the loss, as that was one -of the first essentials. Mr. Willing, a junior partner, was to go to -Valparaiso, Indiana, stop all goods coming from the east, and warehouse -and insure them until the Company was ready to have them sent in. Mr. -Higinbotham was to take his family and Mr. Leiter’s, and all the -bookkeepers and books of account, cash and valuable papers, and go at -once to Joliet and there remain until a place had been arranged for at -least an office in the city. This plan, which was formulated while he -was saving the goods, was carried out in every particular. In Joliet the -office of Field, Leiter & Co. was for two weeks in his mother’s house, -and she took care of a number of the bookkeepers during their stay. He -then went with his wife and baby to Cincinnati, St. Louis and San -Francisco to adjust and collect insurance. A number of the companies in -these cities having no agencies in Chicago had failed. It was his -business to ascertain how much their assets would pay, collect the money -and return as quickly as possible. - -“The business was soon re-established, and went through that year with a -net profit of over three hundred thousand dollars, notwithstanding that -two and a half millions had been burned up in a single night. It was -then that Mr. Leiter said, ‘Higinbotham, we are going to give you an -interest in this business!’ meaning, of course, a share in the profits. -Later he was made a partner and remained in the firm until 1902.” - -Unfortunately, Mr. Higinbotham’s sudden death prevented his completing -this autobiographical sketch with any fulness of detail. We have merely -a few rough notes—two or three typewritten pages—in regard to his public -activities, of which his work for the World’s Columbian Exposition was -the most important. - -From the first he was an enthusiast in this movement for a fit -celebration of the great quadri-centennial anniversary, and for the -location of the world festival in Chicago. As he said years after, at a -banquet to a group of Japanese commissioners, who were promoting a -proposed exposition in Tokio: “In the years preceding our Columbian -festival, peace reigned throughout the world. It was an opportune time -for the assembling of the animate and inanimate parliaments, a time for -the world to pause, take account of stock, to note progress in all the -things that make for peace and humanity’s good; a time for the exchange -of greetings between the peoples and the nations of the earth. You will -all remember with what zeal Chicago entered into competition for the -honor of being the host on that occasion. You will also remember the -satisfaction and pride that filled our hearts when we had won the -distinguished honor, and the heroic efforts we put forth to fulfil our -pledge. To the older civilizations of the world it seemed presumptuous -that a new city in a far country should appear in such a role. Our -nearer neighbors predicted failure, and this stimulated us to greater -effort; with a result that it is not even necessary to refer to, except -in so far as to show its beneficent influence and substantial value to -the world.” - -And this further extract from the address shows that his motive was not -merely local, that his vision embraced a world-wide ideal of humane -values involved in these great festivals of peace: - -“The International Exposition, where the richest and rarest products -meet in friendly competition, where the ripest wisdom of the ages is -represented by the scholars and thinkers of all the world, cannot but -result in great and lasting good and in promoting peace and good will. - -“The Exposition stands at the meeting of the world’s highways, where -gather the nations of the earth, burdened each with the evidences of its -newest and noblest achievements. It is an epitome of the world’s -progress, a history and a prophecy. - -“The latest discoveries, the newest inventions, the triumphs in art, in -science, in education, in the solution of social and even of religious -problems, are here arrayed; whatever testifies to the industry, the -skill, the creative and almost divine power of human thought when -stimulated to its most earnest endeavors. - -“The more we share with others the good we possess, the more shall they -share with us the things and thoughts that make for peace with them. The -more we all strive for the common good, the nearer we shall attain to -universal brotherhood.” - -Thus inspired, he was deeply engaged in the enterprise from the first. -In 1890 he had much to do with securing from Congress the honor of -holding the Exposition in Chicago. After it was so decided, he was -commissioned to go abroad to promote interest in the Fair—was a director -and a member of important committees—Finance, Ways and Means, Foreign -Exhibits; and later, in August, 1892, was made President of the -Directory and Chairman of the Council of Administration, a body of four, -chosen half from the Directory and half from the National Commission -created by Congress. This Council was clothed with the full power of all -other bodies and committees, and charged with the completion and -administration of the Exposition at a time when the treasury was empty -and the enterprise was thought to be a failure. During that summer Mr. -Marshall Field, Mr. Higinbotham’s partner and head of the firm, was -absent in Germany; and he withheld his consent to Mr. Higinbotham’s -accepting the Presidency, because he felt that the probable failure of -the enterprise would reflect on their business. To convince him, Mr. -Higinbotham wrote him the exact status of the Fair, what he thought he -could do with it if Mr. Field would consent, and his reluctance to -refuse his services at a time of crisis. - -In regard to this, Mr. Higinbotham has stated: “I remember saying that -he would not be glad he lived in Chicago if the Fair was a failure, and -his property would not be worth half as much. I also wrote him how many -people would attend the Fair and how much we would receive from -concessions, estimating about as follows: - - Admissions, 22,000,000 $11,000,000 - Concessions 4,000,000 - Residuum, Building Material, etc. 1,000,000 - ——————————— - $16,000,000 - - “Then I wrote him that it would cost to complete and - administer the Fair 9,000,000 - ——————————— - and we would have $7,000,000 - -to pay back to bondholders and stockholders. These were arguments that -he could understand when far away, and he cabled me, ‘All right, go -ahead.’ I did, and we made the prognosis good and a little more. I wish -I had time, space and patience to tell you how I based my estimates for -attendance, and then tell you how hard I worked to make it all come -true. The other members of the Council of Administration agreed at the -first meeting to stand by and support me all the time and always. This -they did, with the result that at the conclusion, with six thousand -written pages, we did not have a single negative vote recorded in the -minutes of our meetings. The members of the Council of Administration, -besides the Chairman, were: George V. Massey of Dover, Delaware; J. W. -St. Clair of West Virginia and Charles H. Schwab of Chicago.” - -Mr. Massey, the only surviving one of the four, corroborates this -assertion of harmony, and adds the following appreciation of his dead -colleague’s services: - -“As one of his associates in the Council, I was afforded exceptional -opportunity to become acquainted with his wonderful capacity for -effective work along the most judicious and practical lines; and the -knowledge of his envied characteristics, thereby derived, warrants the -statement that the successful results of the Exhibition were more -largely attributable to his untiring and energetic efforts than to any -other official related to the undertaking.” - -The year or two covered by those six thousand pages of minutes was a -period of dramatic intensity for the man at the head of the vast -enterprise. The local Board of Directors, composed of Chicago business -men, was the great working body which organized, paid for, and ran the -Fair, the National Commission being a more or less ornamental consort -appointed by the Government to give the Exposition authority and dignity -in the eyes of the invited nations. When Mr. Higinbotham, on August -eighteenth, 1892, accepted the presidency of the Directory, after the -successive resignations of Lyman J. Gage and William T. Baker, the early -local enthusiasm had given way to despondency, for the impression had -gathered force that soaring expenses could never be met even to the -extent of repaying the bonded indebtedness, not to speak of the -stockholders. - -As president of the Board of Directors, Chairman of the Council of -Administration, and member of the Bureau of Admissions and Collections, -Mr. Higinbotham held three offices, each involving “heavy -responsibilities which could not be delegated, resting upon powers which -were ill-defined, yet were co-extensive with the purposes of the -company’s incorporation.” For over two years these duties required his -entire time—often from twelve to sixteen hours out of the -twenty-four—and more than a man’s due share of physical and mental -energy. - -The story is told with outward completeness in the “Report of the -President to the Board of Directors of the World’s Columbian -Exposition,” a volume of 323 octavo pages (exclusive of appendices) -written in that clear, concise and vivid narrative style which was -always at Mr. Higinbotham’s command. Outward completeness only, for one -must read between the lines of any formal report to discover the -heart-story involved; and in this case, as in all Mr. Higinbotham’s -activities, the heart-story was the central motive. - -He undertook this public service from the purest instinct of civic pride -and loyalty—love of his city and state, pride in the great festival and -delight in the ideal involved—its consummation of democracy in beauty -representing the union of many creative wills. The Exposition was the -first effort of our American democracy to achieve, in any large sense, -such a consummation. Thus, to any man of vision, it was prophetic of a -new era, and worthy of all that the individual could give. Mr. -Higinbotham’s gift was an indomitable will and a mind trained to -finance, knowledge of men, quick decision of difficult problems, and -unfailing resource in initiative. - -One cannot tell the whole long story here, but a few characteristic -incidents may be referred to. The electric light contest, for example, -illustrates Mr. Higinbotham’s skill and patience in handling would-be -profiteers—for public spirit among contractors was not the universal -rule. At this time, the spring of 1892, he was vice-president of the -Board of Directors, but acting as president in Mr. Baker’s absence. -Powerful companies in collusion presented bids averaging $18.00 per -incandescent lamp for the six months the Fair was to endure; but by -playing other companies against them, and refusing to be stampeded into -immediate action, he gradually reduced this bid to $5.95 per lamp, and -finally gave the contract to another company at a still lower figure. In -the end the sum paid for the entire service was $399,000, as against the -$1,675,720, originally demanded. - -Indeed the financial history of the Fair was one long series of contests -and anxieties for its president. Again and again the enterprise would -have failed for lack of funds if the situation had been less skilfully -handled; and although failure would have meant national dishonor, the -Congress at Washington did not show any proper sense of partnership in a -great national festival which was to cost over twenty-eight millions. -Instead of the five millions which had been listed for eight months in -the appropriation bill and counted upon with reasonable assurance, the -government at last, during the hot summer of 1892, compromised on two -millions and a half in souvenir coins of uncertain sale; and afterwards, -at a moment of imminent financial crisis, it withheld more than a fifth -of that sum ($570,880) to pay the expenses of its own department of -awards, a department over which the Directory had no jurisdiction -whatever. - -What this cost the company’s president during the following months of -enormous expenditure, when construction bills for material and labor had -to be met if the work was to go on, can hardly be estimated. The year -from August, 1892, to August, 1893, was a time of incredible strain for -the man at the helm. The writer vividly remembers a chance meeting with -Mr. Higinbotham in July, 1893. Although she had felt that the attendance -thus far was slight, she had not realized the financial issue involved. -One glance at the familiar face, however, informed her of the danger; -gave her an emotion of anxiety which she will never forget. The face, -usually smiling and even tender with friends, was white and stern and -drawn; incredibly strong and firm, but cold and hard; the face of a ship -captain through a tornado, of a general when the battle seems going -wrong; recording a moment when individual emotion was swallowed up in -the tragic passion of leadership through imminent disaster. - -Fortunately this long and ever increasing strain began to diminish soon -after. In August the gate receipts began to creep up, so that the -bondholders became less clamorous and the Board of Directors less -apprehensive; and the phenomenal “Chicago Day” attendance of October -ninth—the twenty-second anniversary of the Fire which a young employe -had fought for Field, Leiter & Co.—a day when 761,942 persons went -through the turn-stiles, enabled the Treasurer of the Exposition to pay -the bondholders in full. - -But finances were only one detail, though of course the most important, -the most fundamental, to the responsible Company and its president. -Other issues involved brought less anxiety and more joy, introducing an -infinite variety of experience and motive into the life of a -middle-western American merchant. Of these were the president’s -relations with the board of architects, those distinguished artists from -far and near who designed and built the Fair. In this connection may be -mentioned his life-long loyalty to the memory of John Wellborn Root, the -first consulting architect, who made the ground plan of the Fair, -admittedly a master-piece of great-festival design, but suddenly died—in -January, 1891—before he could lead in carrying it out. Mr. Higinbotham, -to the end of his life, loyally insisted on ascribing the beauty of the -Fair chiefly to the genius of this man, contending always against rival -claims and the forgetfulness of time. - -The aesthetic and picturesque aspects of the Fair building included also -personal relations—which often, to a warm-hearted man like Mr. -Higinbotham, became friendships—with painters, sculptors, musicians, -even poets; with foreign Commissioners, government and state officials; -with eager concessionaires from far and near; indeed with all the -various types of human self-interest and idealistic enthusiasm which a -vast festival gathers together. In each case the president, in his -council of four, must hold the even scales of justice, settling all -disputes aesthetic or temporal, and getting or giving a reasonable price -for what was granted or secured. - -Many of these disputes were little less than agonies to the persons -involved, and in these cases Mr. Higinbotham’s quick sympathies became -deeply engaged, and he spent over them many hours which should have been -given to sleep. One such incident may be briefly dwelt upon, not because -it was more important than others, but because it was typical of -countless minor disputes which went for final settlement to the Council -of Administration, and because the writer, as the author of the poem -involved, happens to know about it. - -This was the “Columbian Ode” episode—a story which Mr. Higinbotham -delighted to tell to the end of his life. This poem had been unanimously -requested of the author by the Committee on Ceremonies and definitely -accepted by that body for the great day of the Dedication of -Buildings—the four-hundredth anniversary of the Discovery of America. -But a small group in the committee suddenly ceased to favor the poem, -and set up a violent opposition in the effort to have it annulled as a -feature of the Dedication Day program. The dispute became so bitter that -a peaceful decision in the Committee became impossible, and the matter -was referred to the Council of Administration for settlement. - -This was in mid-September, 1892—the Dedication of Buildings was only a -month away. The writer, who had just returned from a summer outing, was -summoned to present her side of the question at an evening session of -the Council of Administration. At this time she had never met Mr. -Higinbotham, who took the chair soon after her arrival—a simple, quiet -man in the prime of life, of slight figure, fine shapely head, regular -features rather delicate in contour, and dark wavy hair and beard -streaked with a few threads of gray. Near him were two other members of -the Council of Administration. - -It was strictly a business session, and the writer was interested to -observe how simply and easily various widely differing details were -disposed of, either directly or by reference to individuals or -committees; details of the roofing contract, the power plants, the -sewerage system; applications from would-be concessionaires; and -Dedication Day arrangements—program-printing, livery charges, the -military procession, plans for transporting and seating the vast throng -of over an hundred thousand persons who were being invited to assemble -under the lofty glazed and vaulted roof of the Manufacturers’ Building, -to celebrate the quadri-centennial anniversary of one of the supreme -events in the history of the world. And one of these details was the -dispute, inherited from the Committee on Ceremonies, about the -“Columbian Ode”—whether or not a portion of it should be read and sung -before the great audience on the great day. - -The opponents presented their case; they were not satisfied with either -the author, who should have been a poet of distinction like the aged -Whittier, or the ode itself, which was too long for the occasion, and -which contained, moreover, a sixty-line tribute to a deceased relative -of the author—a tribute which she had declined to omit. - -The writer met these objections as well as she could, pointing out -especially that the tribute in question—to the Fair’s first -architect-in-chief—was due to his memory on this great day, especially -as it was only three lines and a half long instead of the sixty-four -complained of. - -Mr. Higinbotham asked the writer to read the questioned tribute, and -then remarked: “It’s hardly enough to say of the great architect who -planned the Fair, whose death at his post during that first year was the -heaviest blow it could possibly have received. A poem for this -dedication which did not refer to him would be gravely defective, in my -opinion.” - -Mr. Higinbotham used to say afterwards: “Her poem had been asked for, -approved by experts and accepted by the Committee on Ceremonies, and I -made up my mind that as much of it should be read as we had time for in -the program, including the tribute to John Root.” And it was so ordered. - -At last the long anticipated anniversary arrived. It is impossible to -exaggerate the beauty of the late October day, the dramatic splendor of -the festival, or the ardent spirit of that vivid audience, whose gay -colors fluttered into rainbow brilliancy as the sun struck down through -the glass roof. Mr. Higinbotham wrote in his report: - -“The scene in the Manufacturers’ Building will never be forgotten by -those who witnessed it. The grand platform was occupied by officers of -the national government, members of the diplomatic corps, officers of -the various States, senators and representatives, directors and -commissioners. The eye and brain could scarcely comprehend the vastness -of the audience stretching out before this platform. There was little -motion, but the air was resonant with an indescribable hum of voices. At -the south end of the building the chorus of five thousand persons seemed -but a mere island in an ocean of humanity.” - -Mr. Higinbotham’s share of the program was a quiet speech in which he -accepted the completed grounds and buildings from Daniel H. Burnham, -Director of Works, saluted “the master artists of construction” whom the -Director had presented, and offered to him for distribution the medals -which had been struck off by the Directory for presentation to the -artists of the Fair. Everyone noted the simple dignity of his bearing -and speech on this conspicuous occasion. - -I have already referred to the anxieties of the Fair’s president during -the nine months which followed the Dedication. The reward for his long -labor came during the last three months of the gorgeous festival, when -he could enjoy the beauty and share the gay spirit of that ephemeral -White City which he had done so much to create. For, though there have -been world’s fairs before and since the Columbian, no other has rivalled -it in delicate Venetian magic. No other has attempted its inter-weaving -of water-ways among buildings and colonnades, whose shining day-time -beauty turned to glory at night, when the long rows of lights trailed -their golden fringes in the wide lagoons. Mr. Higinbotham delighted in -the joy of the people as the festive spirit of the crowd rose and -gathered force during those last months of the gala season. - -The most important social event of the Exposition season was the banquet -given by the Board of Directors on October eleventh to the Commissioners -of foreign nations. The great Music Hall on the grounds was transformed -into a brilliantly lit bower of ferns, palms and flowers for this -occasion, fitly adorned with the flags of the forty-eight nations and -the yellow and white banners of the Exposition. Mr. Higinbotham, as -presiding officer, opened the exchange of compliments with a brief -salutation, and the program closed with his address on “The Future -Influence of the Exposition,” of which a few sentences may be quoted: - -“The impress of our work will be so delicately and imperceptibly woven -into the fabric of the future that it will have a finer and more -beautiful texture. It will sink deep into the minds of the learned and -unlearned alike. It will stimulate the youth of this and later -generations to greater and more heroic effort. It will give to the -wheels of commerce a new impetus; thereby bring the people of the earth -into more intimate and, I trust, happier relations. - -“Let us hope that future generations will look back to this place with -reverence, satisfaction and pride, as the spot where was laid the deep -foundation of a monument that should mark the dawn of a new era, -emphasizing the benign influence of the gospel of peace, the fatherhood -of God, and the brotherhood of man. Let us indulge the fond hope that -its influence will increase until it encircles the globe and encompasses -the race. - -“I have long sought for some consolation to justify the imminent -destruction of our beautiful city, and I can find only this thought as -comforting: - -“Whenever a people have gained distinction by the creation of some -specially meritorious work, have declared it finished, and then rested -to contemplate its grandeur and magnificence, feeling that there was -nothing greater for them to do, they have fallen into a condition of -decay, and from that time become effeminate. It is better, therefore, -for us to efface our work, and cease to delude ourselves with the -thought that there is nothing for us, and those that come after us, to -do. Let us rather hope that what we have done will live, as a -stepping-stone to grander and more heroic efforts, compensated with -richer and rarer fruits. Let us not take to ourselves the credit, and -seek to magnify unduly our creation; if it has merit and excellence it -will speak for and defend itself. Let us rather rejoice in the thought -that what has been done is the culmination of a period in the progress -of the world; that especially it declares and emphasizes the wisdom of -our fathers in the creation of a government founded on the broad and -enduring principles of human liberty. - -“These buildings will disappear and mingle with our dust, but their -glory will ever live, and continue to mark an era in the progress of -civilization long after their creators have been forgotten. - -“There is a sense in which the material side of our work seems -insignificant; compared to the kindly feeling that has been augmented by -the gathering of representatives of the nations of the earth it is of -slight importance. The culmination of these close relations of the heart -will have more lasting benefit, will permeate more peoples, enduring -through all time, and growing brighter and brighter unto the perfect -day.” - -In every detail of his connection with the national festival, Mr. -Higinbotham was an effective presiding officer. While making no pretense -of oratory in addressing an audience, his personal distinction of manner -and the quiet earnestness of his voice added to the force and beauty of -a diction concise and vivid. In closer contacts he never lost his -patience, yet never retreated from a just decision. In the personal -intimacies which developed with all kinds of people, he was unfailingly -sympathetic and generous; and when these ripened into friendship, his -warm-hearted loyalty became a precious possession in his own spirit and -in those it honored. - -On May first, 1895, the Board of Directors presented a silver vase as a -testimonial to their president, his work now almost over. Their -spokesman, Edwin Walker, in the course of his address, said: - -“I am commissioned by all who are or have been Directors to make, in -their name, public recognition of the invaluable services of our -President, Harlow N. Higinbotham. We all recognize his incessant labor, -his zeal and loyalty, from the first organization of the Board, but more -especially from the date of his official relations until the present -time. He is still our President. - -“Possibly in some respects I have more intimate knowledge of the -magnitude of his labors than other members of the Board, on account of -the close relations of our official positions; but we all know that -during the lifetime of the Exposition proper the cares and -responsibilities of his office were almost beyond human endurance. He -brought to the work all his mental and physical strength, his integrity -of character, and all the elements of a generous manhood. His work did -not close with the Exposition. He was charged with the settlement and -adjustment of a large proportion of the varied claims made against the -Exposition. These labors have been especially annoying and perplexing. - -“But the end of all his and our special work is rapidly approaching. -Within a reasonable time we shall be able, as a corporation, to -surrender back to the people the trust confided to us, with the hope -that all the people will give us the credit of having assumed and -honestly discharged a public duty and great public trust. - -“And now, President Higinbotham, in behalf of your friends of the -Directory, I present this testimonial. I repeat the inscription engraved -thereon as the better expression of the earnest appreciation by your -friends, of your unswerving fidelity to official duty: - -“‘By this testimonial, the Directors record their thorough appreciation -of the untiring labors, and unselfish devotion to official duty, of -their President, Harlow N. Higinbotham—a souvenir of pleasant -associations, abiding friendships, and of the inspiration, -administration, and glorious ending of the World’s Columbian Exposition -of 1893.’” - -In closing this chapter of his life we must, for the moment, pass over a -quarter-century to that May-day of 1918 when Daniel Chester French’s -statue of the Republic was dedicated in Jackson Park as a memorial of -the Exposition. To reproduce in bronze of heroic size this figure, which -had dominated the Court of Honor in 1893, the last residue of Exposition -funds was used, Mr. Higinbotham having successfully resisted numerous -efforts to spend the money less fitly. All the members of the old Board -of Directors who were alive and in Chicago surrounded its president as -his little grand-daughters, Florence Crane and Priscilla Higinbotham, -unveiled the monument, and portions of the “Columbian Ode” were read by -its author. - -Mr. Higinbotham made the following address, which happened to be his -last public utterance: - -“It is my pleasure to deliver into the care and keeping of the South -Park Commissioners this statue. It has been created as a memorial of the -Exposition held here a quarter of a century ago to celebrate the -Four-hundredth Anniversary of the Discovery of America by Columbus. The -Discovery and the celebration four hundred years later, in which the -peoples of the earth so generously united, are landmarks, milestones, on -the highway of civilization. - -“This statue is intended to commemorate both events, and is in such form -as to do them the highest honor. It is made of purest metal. It is of -heroic size, thus indicating that the events it commemorates were -notable. It is in the image of a woman, typifying purity, strength, -motherhood. Thus it suggests those qualities that in all the ages have -commanded love and respect. - -“I cannot allow this last opportunity to speak of the World’s Columbian -Exposition to pass without paying tribute to its high purpose, its -beauty and beneficent influence. It sprang into being under -circumstances and conditions that made it akin to a miracle. A new city -in a far country was responsible for its conception, creation, and -administration. Its magnificence caused the world to wonder and almost -worship. Its Court of Honor will be remembered as worthy of a place -beside the most beautiful creations of man. It won the smile of the -world and had the blessing and benediction of the Divine. Its author did -not live to witness its grandeur. The ‘Columbian Ode’ said of him: - - ‘Beauty opened wide her starry way, - And he passed on.’ - -“The unanimity with which the Nations of the Earth united in the -celebration is an indication of the value that the Discovery of the New -World was to mankind in its onward march.” - -Soon after the close of the Exposition Mr. Higinbotham returned to -active business. Unfortunately that part of his life is less a matter of -public record, and in its history the present writer is wholly -uninformed and incompetent. She once read an article by Mr. Higinbotham, -intended for young would-be merchants, which set forth so clearly the -qualities of mind and temperament required for such a career, and -described many typical incidents so picturesquely, as to convince her -that its author should use his literary gift to tell the whole dramatic -story of the growth of the great business which engaged him for nearly -forty years—from its small local beginning with Field, Palmer & Leiter -in 1865, to the enormous world-wide commerce of Marshall Field & Co. -from which he retired in 1902. Such a story would be, in effect, a -commercial history of the great formative period of the nation, and its -value can hardly be estimated. - -Mr. Higinbotham’s public activities did not cease with the World’s Fair. -After its close, the Field Columbian Museum of Natural History was -organized, and he served for seventeen years as its president. For its -occupancy the authorities reserved, during a quarter-century, the -beautiful Fine Arts Building of the Exposition, from which it removed, -in 1920, to the permanent structure south of Grant Park. To this museum -its president contributed not only seventeen years of devoted service, -but also the collection of precious stones made by Tiffany & Co. for the -Exposition, which was installed as the Gem Collection in Higinbotham -Hall. - -Indeed, during the last twenty-five years of Mr. Higinbotham’s life, -most of his leisure was devoted to the people of Chicago, especially the -poor and suffering. In 1897 President McKinley offered to appoint him -Ambassador to France, but excessive modesty, and love of his own place, -caused him to decline. When the city proposed to spend thirty-five -million dollars for a new drainage district, and the project was in -danger of capture by incompetent politicians, he was active in -organizing a non-partisan opposition, and accepted membership in a -nominating committee which presented to the voters an able and -incorruptible group of six candidates. Then, as chairman of the Finance -Committee, he personally collected thirty thousand dollars for campaign -expenses, and conducted a whirlwind campaign of only thirty days which -resulted in the election of the entire independent ticket. Thus the city -was assured not only proper economy, but such professional competence in -the construction of the Drainage Canal as should insure the future -health of its citizens. This was but one instance of his many -inconspicuous but valuable public services. - -Besides countless private philanthropies, certain charitable -institutions deeply engaged his interest. For many years he was -president of Hahnemann Hospital and of the Newsboys’ and Bootblacks’ -Association; and he organized, and was the first president of the -Municipal Tuberculosis Sanitarium, located on a tract of one hundred and -sixty acres in the northwestern part of the city. - -But the Home for Incurables was his best beloved philanthropy—if one can -call by that name a veritable child of his spirit which engaged his love -and devotion for nearly forty years. When he was first importuned, in -1880, to become a member of the board of such an institution, which had -then gone no further than to take out incorporation papers, he felt that -he could not consent, in justice to other charitable institutions with -which he was connected, not to speak of the arduous and exacting duties -of his private business. - -However, he was persuaded, and duly elected, made chairman of a finance -committee, and soon succeeded to the presidency, which he held until his -death. Within a few days he had raised thirteen thousand dollars and -rented a vacant house at Fullerton and Racine Avenues. This first Home -ran along with some difficulty until 1887, when under the will of Mrs. -Clarissa C. Peck, an eastern woman, it fell heir to over six hundred -thousand dollars. Mr. Higinbotham became president of the nine trustees -under this will, and at once property was purchased and buildings -erected at Ellis Avenue and Fifty-sixth Street, the present location. -The property has been increased by numerous bequests—notably six hundred -thousand dollars from Otto Young and a quarter of a million each from -Albert Keep and Daniel B. Shipman—until its value is now nearly two -million dollars. - -A little while before Mr. Higinbotham’s death he said: “Since the -Chicago Home for Incurables was opened in 1890, it has had but one -superintendent, Mr. Frank D. Mitchell; one matron, Miss Hattie I. -Miller; one physician, Dr. W. P. Goodsmith; and one president. And they -are all still on duty.” - -Miss Eleanor Quin, secretary to Mr. Higinbotham for the past ten years, -is still assisting; without these people, whose love and devotion has -been unfailing, the work could not have been carried on successfully. - -It is difficult to follow without emotion the story of Mr. Higinbotham’s -devotion to the Home. From the time of his retirement from business in -1902, it became, after his family, the chief interest of his mind and -heart, with which nothing was allowed to interfere. When in town he made -daily visits, always becoming personally acquainted with—indeed, the -friend of—each inmate, and cheering them all on with unfailing sympathy -and humor. The coldness of many institutional “charities” was never -allowed to enter here, and the love which rewarded him in life, and -mourned his death, was pathetic in its fervor. - -When the death of other early benefactors had made him the sole -survivor, he presented to the Home, as a memorial to those who had been -associated with him in its establishment, a bronze tablet bearing the -following inscription: - - A. D. 1909 - - “This tablet is placed in loving memory of those good and faithful - women and men who gave unselfishly of themselves, and generously of - their means, for the establishment of this Home. Their names are not - recorded here. Yonder in the Infinite they are written on pages more - glorious and far more enduring. This tablet is the gift and the - tribute of one who knew them well and loved them fondly. - - “May patience and peace and plenty ever abide within its walls. - - “May those who suffer and those who serve, those who sing and those - who pray, as well as those who, unable to do more, stand by and - cheer, be equally blessed. - - “May this great city, and all the agencies here employed to heal the - sick, alleviate suffering and advance the interest of humanity, be - prospered always.” - -Among the many incidents which portray the tenderness of his nature was -one relating to a poor woman in the Cook County Hospital, who, when told -that Mr. Higinbotham had come to see her, said: “Is this really Mr. -Higinbotham!” Bursting into tears, she drew from beneath her pillow his -picture, cut from a newspaper which she had carried many years, as a -help to make her patient in suffering, as an inspiration to be gentle -and kind. Many other stories of his kindness to those in sickness and -distress might be told; particularly details of his daily visits to the -Home for Incurables. - -A few other incidents may be mentioned to illustrate further Mr. -Higinbotham’s keen sympathies and his untiring activity in obeying their -commands. The case of Leo Frank, whose conviction he felt to be unjust, -interested him so deeply that, unsolicited, he went to Atlanta to -intercede with the Governor and the Commission for his life. His efforts -were successful, as the sentence was commuted and Frank was removed to -another city; but the lynching of the prisoner soon after prevented -further action in his favor. - -Many men now prominent in affairs tell with what kindly sympathy and -affection Mr. Higinbotham aided them in youth. Among these, one who -early entered the credit department of Marshall Field & Co. says: “I -never knew a man so sympathetic with boys; he never tired of helping -young men to get a start in life, and no one could show more tact, -perseverance and energy in their service.” - -A friend tells a story of one of the walking-trips which were Mr. -Higinbotham’s favorite athletic diversion; for three times—in 1862, 1886 -and 1897—he tramped over the mountains of West Virginia, a distance of -one hundred and sixty-five miles, either alone or in company; this -besides many shorter mountain tramps. The story illustrates not only his -love of boys, but his determination to overcome all obstacles. - -“Two young employes at Field’s planned to take a walking-trip, and asked -for the necessary vacation. Mr. Higinbotham was enthusiastic, and said -that if they wouldn’t mind his company he would make it possible for -them to take quite a long tramp through the mountains of West Virginia. -They were delighted—no one could have been a more agreeable companion. -This was the second or third tramp he had made through this region, -whose wild scenic beauty he had learned to love while he was stationed -at Clarksburg, West Virginia, during the Civil War, when he was obliged -to explore the region on horseback. - -“He took the phrase ‘walking-trip’ very seriously, and would not accept -any invitation to ride an inch. At one place, for example, where we had -to cross an unfordable stream, he refused to ferry over, and ordered a -local carpenter to make a pair of stilts on which he stumbled and -splashed, and fell down and got up, and tumbled again, finally arriving, -drenched but triumphant, on the opposite bank.” - -An incident of another walking-trip began at the grave of General -Pettigrew, who had been fatally wounded while in command of the rear -guard of Lee’s army on its retreat from Gettysburg. It was in 1897, in -North Carolina, that Mr. Higinbotham found a moss-green grave-stone, -which told how General Pettigrew had died at the house of a man named -Boyd, near Martinsburg, West Virginia. As it was in Martinsburg that Mr. -Higinbotham, while a young Union officer, had been stationed during -1864, and as he had there “received many courtesies from the people of -the South both during and after the war,” he was much interested. But it -was not until 1918 that he could learn anything about the General’s -family. A few letters then passed between him and Miss Mary Johnstone -Pettigrew of Tryon, North Carolina, in one of which he says: - -“You mention the mysterious way in which peoples’ lives cross or touch, -and inform me that the General’s great-great-grandmother was Rachel -Higinbotham. You will, I am sure, feel that truth is stranger than -fiction when I tell you that my wife’s name was also Rachel -Higinbotham.” - -And he tells of a quite recent trip on the James River, during which he -had met, at Hampton, a cousin of Robert E. Lee who had known the Boyd -family, in whose house General Pettigrew died. - -He always emphasized the necessity of human sympathy and service, and we -have plenty of testimony showing the quick response of his big heart to -appeals public and private. A poet once wrote to him, after he had held -out his hand at a crisis: - - “Who cares for the burden, the night and the rain, - And the long steep lonesome road, - When at last through the darkness a light shines plain, - When a voice calls hail, and a friend draws rein - With an arm for the heavy load! - - “For life is the chance of a friend or two - This side the journey’s goal. - Though the world be a desert the long night through, - Yet the gay flowers bloom and the sky grows blue - When a soul salutes a soul.” - -In religious matters he was extremely liberal, feeling that “It is what -we do, yesterday, today, and tomorrow, more than what we believe, that -will be important in the final round-up.” In June, 1893, he said, in his -address of welcome at the opening of the World’s First Parliament of -Religions: - -“The meeting of so many illustrious and learned men under such -circumstances evidences the kindly spirit and feeling that exists -throughout the world. To me this is the proudest work of our Exposition. -Whatever may be the differences in the religions you represent, there is -a sense in which we are all alike. There is a common plane on which we -are all brothers. We owe our being to conditions that are exactly the -same. Our journey through this world is by the same route. We have in -common the same senses, hopes, ambitions, joys and sorrows; and these to -my mind argue strongly and almost conclusively a common destiny. - -“To me there is much satisfaction and pleasure in the fact that we are -brought face to face with men who come to us bearing the ripest wisdom -of the ages. They come in the friendliest spirit, which, I trust, will -be augmented by their intercourse with us and with each other. I am -hoping, Mr. Chairman and gentlemen, that your Parliament will prove to -be a golden milestone on the highway of civilization—a golden stairway -leading up to the tableland of a higher, grander and more perfect -condition, where peace will reign and the enginery of war be known no -more forever.” - -This hope of a better era is referred to again in the address to the -Japanese commissioners quoted above. On that occasion—in 1909—he said: - -“I am hoping that future expositions will leave out the machinery of -war. I know that we had a warship and the Krupp gun at our own, but I am -older now, and I have a higher appreciation of the implements of peace, -and an intense dislike, amounting to hatred, of war and all its -trappings. - -“Let us all hope that this twentieth century will witness the dawn of a -new era, that it will go down in history as the age of peace, the age -when a common desire seemed to take possession of humanity everywhere to -share with all others the blessings they enjoyed. Thus would be -augmented the great sum of human happiness. - -“The nations of the earth should unite in a movement to maintain a -universal court whose duty it will be to determine and adjust all -national differences. I would have, representing this court on the high -seas, one navy and only one, whose duty it would be to police the seas, -prevent possible piracy or improper or illegal commerce, and assist the -merchant marine in time of disaster or distress. The money thus saved -would go far towards the care of the sick and unfortunate the world -over, and would add to the peace and prosperity of the people -everywhere, far beyond the power of the human mind to conceive or -calculate.” - -To such feeling as this, developed and cherished through a long life, -the world catastrophe of 1914 was a cruel strain; and for over two years -Mr. Higinbotham hoped that his own country might keep out of the -struggle. Nevertheless, both before and after the United States declared -war, he did what he could to alleviate distress in the suffering nations -and to encourage heroic spirit in our own. - -The Armistice brought to him, as to all the world, deep relief after the -long and bitter strain. It was good that he lived to see the collapse of -the anachronistic military autocracy which had caused the war, and to -return, in spite of this cataclysm, to his firm belief that the days of -war are numbered. - -The fatal accident of April eighteenth, 1919, in New York, closed his -life while he was still scarcely conscious of old age, and in full -possession of vigor of body, mind, and spirit. To the last he was -thinking of others—he was on his way to greet returning soldiers of -Illinois when he was stricken down by a government ambulance. - -One is tempted to apply to him a few sentences he once wrote for a -friend who had died: - -“He discovered to me a nature rich in every higher attribute, and his -communication was so charming in diction, and so sweetly simple in its -mood, that I was deeply moved by his conversation. I was impressed by -his love for humanity, his patriotism, and the pride he felt in his -profession. He was a pure type of the old-school gentlemen. His was the -habit and mien of the scholar. His character has stamped itself upon -many people, and his example will influence the generations; as his -perfect life has blessed the community in which he lived, and benefited -those who knew him. - -“It is well with our friend. He sleeps the slumber of peace. The night -wrapped his body in death, but his soul saw the dawn of life.” - - - - - APPENDIX - - - - - APPENDIX A. - LINCOLN IN 1864 - -_The following article, suggested by the controversy over Mr. Barnard’s -statue of Lincoln, was written for the New York Sun, and published in -that paper during the summer of 1917_: - - -I am impelled by your full-page illustrated article on Lincoln, and the -artist’s representation of him to be given to a nation that believed in -and sympathized with him and that desires to honor him and perpetuate -his memory, to give you and the public my views: - -I was born in Illinois in 1838 and have always been a resident of that -State. I knew Lincoln, not intimately, but well. I saw, and heard him -speak frequently during the years next preceding the Civil War. I knew -him before he was a candidate for the presidency, and best during the -contest between him and Douglas for the senatorship. It is, I think, -well understood that the contest between these two great men was the -stepping-stone to the presidency for Lincoln, and gave him to the nation -and the world as one of its foremost noble and heroic characters. I knew -him later as president, and I am the only person living who was present -on the occasion of the first meeting between Lincoln and General U. S. -Grant. This meeting took place in the White House on the evening of the -eighth of March, 1864, when General Grant came to Washington, escorted -by Congressman E. B. Washburn, to receive his commission as -Lieutenant-General of the Army. Those present on that occasion, all from -Illinois, were Mr. and Mrs. Lincoln, General Grant, Hon. E. B. -Washburne, Mr. and Mrs. B. F. James, and myself. - -In Harper’s Weekly published at that time is a full-page illustration of -the presentation of the commission by President Lincoln, in the presence -of the members of the cabinet, on the day following the first meeting. -The presentation took place at the Capitol. It may not be generally -known, but General Grant was the first to enjoy the full rank of -Lieutenant-General after Washington; General Winfield Scott having -received it by brevet. I was engaged in the Quartermaster’s Department -at this time and was on duty in Knoxville, Tenn., and had been sent to -Washington to confer with the Quartermaster General, M. C. Meigs. This -visit gave me opportunity to see Lincoln under conditions vastly -different from those when I had seen him in Illinois. He was, however, -the same Lincoln that I had known. If there was a change, it was that he -seemed shrunken in stature. He was, however, both in manner and dress, -quite in keeping with his exalted station. He was at ease and well -poised; nothing in his manner, dress or speech even suggested -awkwardness. He had indelibly stamped on his features more than a -suggestion of nobility. There were clearly outlined and defined those -characteristics that made him famous; that made him the Saviour of his -Country and the liberator of a race from bondage. It seems to me, that -any representation of Lincoln should, at least, aim to show him as -teeming with and, in fact, overflowing with those qualities and -characteristics that he was known to possess. On the contrary, the -artist has gone far back to his early life, and has sought to represent -him even worse than he could have been under the most adverse -circumstances. The statue is what the artist seemingly intended it to -be—a splendid, a magnificent misrepresentation of Abraham Lincoln as he -was _in the later years of his life_, for it reverts to what he -conceived him to have been back in Kentucky before he had found himself. -As evidence of this, it is stated that the sculptor went to Kentucky and -found a man who was, and always had been, a rail-splitter and nothing -else; and he gives it as Lincoln. Those of us who knew him cannot accept -such a substitute. - - H. N. HIGINBOTHAM. - - - - - APPENDIX B - THE POWER OF PERSONALITY - -_At the Commencement exercises of Lombard College, June fifth, 1901, Mr. -Higinbotham delivered a eulogy in memory of the Rev. Dr. Otis A. -Skinner, whom he called “my exemplar,” “my ideal of a grand and noble -manhood,” “the most splendid and attractive man I have ever beheld.”_ - -_As this address expresses intimately its author’s philosophy of life -and death, we append the following extracts_: - - -We have been told by a world-famous student and philosopher that -self-sacrifice is the surest means of securing happiness and repose, -that life is only of value through devotion to what is true and good. -But in turning aside at this hour from other claims upon my time and -attention to consider briefly the power of personality in life, as -exemplified in the career of a good man, it is not so much the spirit of -self-sacrifice as it is the feeling of inadequacy that enters into my -task. It is friendship that interrogates me; it is frankness that will -respond. It is a pleasure to lay a wreath, however simple, upon the -grave of one to whose noble example and beneficent influence I am -largely indebted for any humane endeavor or philanthropic spirit that -has found expression in my life.... - -On Sunday afternoons it was his custom to go into the country to preach, -and on many of these occasions it was my privilege to accompany him. He -talked and thought a great deal about the happiness of others. He always -seemed to be looking for a soul that he could cheer by loving and -thoughtful words. He knew that no man could live unto God except by -living at the same time unto his fellows.... So this man’s good works -follow him and will be reflected and multiplied in the lives of others -to the end of time.... - -It is wonderful how indestructibly the good grows and propagates itself, -even among weedy entanglements. Evil things perish, but the good goes on -forever. Music heard from afar is all harmony; the discordant notes -perish by the way and never reach the ear of the listener.... - -If men are changed by events and environment, they are changed much -more, either for good or ill, by their fellow-men. This is the alchemy -of influence. We, all of us, are apt to minimize our power or influence, -arguing to ourselves that what we may say or do is not noticed or -observed, and is therefore of little moment or consequence. There was -never a greater error. - -For every good deed of ours the world will be better always. And perhaps -on no day does a man walk the street cheerfully without meeting some -other person who is brightened by his face, and who unconsciously to -himself catches from that look an ineffable something—an inspiration -that gives him new courage and saves him from a wrong action. -Usefulness, after all, is nobler than fame—so noble, indeed, that man -should not demand a higher reward for his labors under the sun than the -consciousness of having done his neighbor some form of service. - -Every person who has lived in the past, who lives in the present or may -hereafter come into being, either has exerted or will exert some -influence for the good or ill of his fellows. Even in inanimate nature -this seems to be the law of existence. The glacier, that had its -beginning when the earth was new, carries in its icy grasp objects which -today tell the story of its course as plainly as if by written or spoken -word. The tree standing by the wayside, barren of either flower or fruit -and seemingly useless, may have a beneficent office. Some tired and -lonely traveler, discouraged and disheartened, resting beneath its -shade, may be lured back to a life of usefulness and happiness by the -song of a bird in its branches. And so it is too in the animal kingdom. -The beasts of the field and the fowls of the air in divers ways make -their impress upon nature and upon all life. - - “When our souls shall leave this dwelling, - The glory of one fair and virtuous action - Is above all the ’scutcheons of our tomb.” - - - - - APPENDIX C - THE MAN WHO DID ME A GOOD TURN - - _Written by Dr. Frank Crane_ - - -Is there any feeling quite like that with which you pick up the Morning -Paper? - -You yourself, child of mystery, have just come from a brief visit with -Death, in the house of Sleep, and are upon the stoop of another Day, and -when you look at the Paper, it is as if your hand lay upon the latch -that opens the Door of another Room in that great House of -Adventure—Life. - -What will you see? Kings fallen? New wonders of strange lands? Another -crime? What new shifting in the kaleidoscope of Fate? - -The other day I read that Harlow N. Higinbotham, sometime President of -the World’s Columbian Exposition, man of affairs, wealth, business, and -philanthropy, had died. At eighty-two years of age, still active and -vigorous, he had fallen beneath an automobile in the street. - -This is not the story of his life. Others will write his biography. They -will tell of his plans, achievements, honors. - -But certain men, to you, are types. They are symbols. Whatever may be -their order in the usual chronicle of the world, to you they stand for a -point of sentiment, a mark of an idea. - -Harlow N. Higinbotham will always be to me the concrete representative -and ikon of - -“The Man Who Did Me a Good Turn.” - -It matters not what it was all about, but once he, wealthy and busy, -stopped his work, left his office and walked with me, little and -unknown, down the street, to do me a favor, for no reason except that he -took a fancy to me. - -That was more than twenty years ago. So he is gone now! I wish I might -drop a tear upon his folded hands; perhaps the Recording Angel, checking -up his account, might see it, and think it was a pearl, and put it to -his credit. So only can I pay my debt. - -Reading of his death has set me thinking. How many persons there are who -have done me a Good Turn! Just casual people, I mean. All kinds. Let me -recall. Alas, that my memory for kindness is so poor! - -I cannot understand those who say they owe no man anything. My days are -crowded with undeserved Good Turns. I shall never pay my debts, if I -live a thousand years. - -There’s the man who gave me a match, the girl who gave me a smile, the -farmer who gave me a ride, a cobbler in Munich once mended my shoe and -would take no money, a man made way for me in a crowd to see the parade, -a baby once smiled at me and held out her arms—I would not forget these -small things, little sparkles in the life-stream. - -And men have given me a chance, and some have stopped to praise me, and -I have seen the little flame in women’s eyes as they looked on me, and -years ago George Armstrong and Jo Holmes lent me money when I am sure -they did not know they would ever get it back. - -There are others, appearing out of the stranger throng, that have stood -by me, defended my name, spoken out boldly and called themselves my -friends. - -Of all these Harlow N. Higinbotham is the type, because my acquaintance -with him was but casual, because he had no reason for his kindness -except the human spark, because he emerged from the multitude, did me -his Good Turn, and receded again into the mist. - -Always his strong face, shrewd and understanding, will stand out from -among the sea of human faces in my memory, and rebuke my dark moods, -saying unto me that this world of men and women is a good place, full of -unexpected impulse, not a vale of tears, but a place of Heart and -Humanity. - -So, Recording Angel, when the case of this man comes up on the Day of -Judgment, let me bear my testimony. - - HARLOW N. HIGINBOTHAM - - One of the workers of the world - Living toiled, and toiling died; - But others worked and the world went on, - And was not changed when he was gone. - A strong man stricken, a wide sail furled; - And only a few men sighed. - -Well, I am one of them. - -[Illustration: - - _Facsimile of ms. page_ - _Written by Eugene Field._ -] - - - - - APPENDIX D -_In a copy of “Echoes from the Sabine Farm,” given to Mr. Higinbotham by - Eugene Field we find inscribed, on the fly leaf, the following_: - - - Dear Mr. Higinbotham: I am sending you this book for several - reasons. In the first place, I should like to have it serve as a - token of that sense of pleasure which, in common with the rest of - our townsmen, I feel to have you back in Chicago after months of - absence in foreign lands. Then, again, I am glad to give you the - book because I know that you will regard it with the appreciative - and jealous tenderness which every author loves to see others bestow - upon the creations of his brain and pen. But above all I am hoping, - dear sir, that you will look upon this gift as a cordial expression - (however modest) of my feeling of indebtedness to you for the - goodness you have shown to me and to my friends for my sake. - - (Signed) EUGENE FIELD. - - Chicago, February, 1892. - - _And in Mr. Field’s hand writing this little poem referring to Mr. - Higinbotham’s return from a three year’s absence in Europe._ - - Pompey, ’tis Fortune gives you back - To the friends and the gods who love you! - - · · · · · - - Once more you stand in your native land, - With the stars and stripes above you! - Come, just for once, let’s celebrate - In the good old way and classic— - Our skins we’ll nard with Fairbank’s lard, - And soak our souls in Massic! - And when the bill for the same comes in, - I pray you’ll be so partial - As to charge my share in the costly affair - To my prosperous cousin Marshall! - - - - - RALPH FLETCHER SEYMOUR - DESIGNER—PRINTER - FINE ARTS BLDG., CHICAGO - ------------------------------------------------------------------------- - - - - - TRANSCRIBER’S NOTES - - 1. Silently corrected typographical errors and variations in spelling. - 2. Archaic, non-standard, and uncertain spellings retained as printed. - 3. 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You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of -the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you'll have -to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this ebook. - -Title: Harlow Niles Higinbotham - A memoir with brief autobiography and extracts from speeches and letters - -Author: Harriet Monroe - -Contributor: Eugene Field - -Release Date: October 26, 2020 [EBook #63558] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: UTF-8 - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK HARLOW NILES HIGINBOTHAM *** - - - - -Produced by Richard Tonsing and the Online Distributed -Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This file was -produced from images generously made available by The -Internet Archive) - - - - - - -</pre> - - -<div class='tnotes covernote'> - -<p class='c000'><b>Transcriber’s Note:</b></p> - -<p class='c000'>The cover image was created by the transcriber and is placed in the public domain.</p> - -</div> - -<div class='section ph1'> - -<div class='nf-center-c0'> -<div class='nf-center c001'> - <div>HARLOW NILES HIGINBOTHAM</div> - </div> -</div> - -</div> - -<div class='figcenter id001'> -<img src='images/i_frontis.jpg' alt='_HNHiginbotham_' class='ig001' /> -</div> - -<div class='titlepage'> - -<div> - <h1 class='c002'>HARLOW NILES HIGINBOTHAM<br /> <span class='xlarge'>A MEMOIR</span><br /> <span class='large'>with Brief Autobiography and Extracts<br /> from<br /> Speeches and Letters</span></h1> -</div> - -<div class='nf-center-c0'> -<div class='nf-center c003'> - <div>Written and Edited</div> - <div>by Harriet Monroe</div> - <div class='c003'>CHICAGO</div> - <div>1920</div> - </div> -</div> - -</div> - -<div class='chapter'> - <h2 class='c004'>CONTENTS</h2> -</div> - -<table class='table0' summary='CONTENTS'> - <tr> - <th class='c005'></th> - <th class='c005'> </th> - <th class='c006'><span class='small'>Page</span></th> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c005' colspan='2'>Biography</td> - <td class='c006'><a href='#Page_9'>9</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class='c005' colspan='2'>Appendix A</td> - <td class='c006'> </td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class='c005'> </td> - <td class='c005'>Lincoln in 1864</td> - <td class='c006'><a href='#Page_49'>49</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class='c005' colspan='2'>Appendix B</td> - <td class='c006'> </td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class='c005'> </td> - <td class='c005'>The power of personality</td> - <td class='c006'><a href='#Page_53'>53</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class='c005' colspan='2'>Appendix C</td> - <td class='c006'> </td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class='c005'> </td> - <td class='c005'>The man who did me a good turn</td> - <td class='c006'><a href='#Page_57'>57</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class='c005' colspan='2'>Appendix D</td> - <td class='c006'> </td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <td class='c005'> </td> - <td class='c005'>An inscription in a copy of “Echoes from the Sabine Farm”</td> - <td class='c006'><a href='#Page_61'>61</a></td> - </tr> -</table> - -<div class='chapter'> - <span class='pageno' id='Page_9'>9</span> - <h2 class='c004'>HARLOW NILES HIGINBOTHAM</h2> -</div> - -<p class='c007'>Harlow Niles Higinbotham, represented, to a singular -degree, the best citizenship of the second and third half-centuries -of the Republic. Born on an Illinois farm -October tenth, 1838; educated in his native state; -serving as a volunteer soldier through the Civil War; -employed by a small dry-goods house and working for -it loyally and with perfect integrity until it had become -one of the greatest merchandising firms in the world, -and he one of its most active partners; responding with -ardor to every public call, whether it came from a -newsboys’ and bootblacks’ club or from the World’s -Columbian Exposition; retiring from business at sixty -or more, and giving his later years, with beautiful devotion, -to his family and his favorite charities and public -works; and dying at eighty in full career and with faculties -unimpaired; such a life epitomizes the strength and -character of the nation during its robust and adventurous -formative period.</p> - -<p class='c008'>The story of his earlier years may be outlined in -Mr. Higinbotham’s own words; for a rough manuscript, -autobiographical but written in the third -<span class='pageno' id='Page_10'>10</span>person, was found among his papers after his sudden -death. It begins as follows:</p> - -<p class='c008'>“Harlow Niles Higinbotham was born on a farm -near Joliet, Illinois, October tenth, 1838. His father -was Henry Dumont Higinbotham, who was born on -January tenth, 1806, and died in 1865. His mother -was Rebecca Wheeler Higinbotham. Both were born -in Oneida County, New York. They moved to a farm -in the Township of Joliet, Illinois, in 1834. The Higinbotham -family came originally from Holland, removing -thence to England, thence to the Barbados Islands -and from there to the United States.</p> - -<p class='c008'>“The farm, upon which Henry Dumont Higinbotham -settled, was made up of lands purchased from the -Government by him and not previously under cultivation. -It is still in possession of the family, enlarged -by purchases and inheritance from the late Mrs. Harlow -N. Higinbotham’s estate; her son, Harlow Davison -Higinbotham, being the present owner and resident. -For years a beautiful feature of it has been the carnation -greenhouses—for the subject of this memoir made that -flower his special hobby, and propagated many new -varieties.</p> - -<p class='c008'>“Henry Dumont Higinbotham built and operated -saw-mills with water-power furnished by Hickory Creek, -a stream that runs through the farm. In the early -days farmers for many miles brought their wheat and -corn there to be ground, and his compensation was a -percentage of the grain brought, called toll. This he -ground, and sold as flour and meal. He also kept -cattle and hogs that were fattened by feeding at or -<span class='pageno' id='Page_11'>11</span>near the mill, the tailings being used in part for that -purpose. Being one of the early settlers in that section, -he was looked upon with reverence by his neighbors, -and was always called ‘Uncle Henry’ and his wife -‘Aunt Rebecca.’</p> - -<p class='c008'>“When Harlow N. Higinbotham was a small boy the -farther fence of his father’s farm was the last evidence -of civilization in that direction. In later years he used -to say: ‘I remember going with my father when he -went out to erect a flag-pole in the middle of the prairie -as a preliminary for a wolf-hunt that was held at least -once each year. On a given morning all the settlers -would start on horseback, with dogs and guns and -horns, from the outer edge of a circle having a radius -of ten or more miles, and work towards the center, -where the flag-pole had been erected. In this way wild -animals would be driven into a pocket, surrounded and -killed. This was made necessary to protect the sheep, -swine and poultry of the settlers. I have seen wolves -kill our sheep in our own fields.’”</p> - -<p class='c008'>In one of his addresses is another reference to his -early life:</p> - -<p class='c008'>“Our fathers were pioneers on the prairies of Illinois. -There we early learned the lessons of Nature, and recognized -and loved the message that the recurring seasons -had for us. The flowers of the field and the forest were -our companions, and we knew when and where to look -for them; we knew the habit and habitat of each, and -they were an open book to us. We knew the birds, and -were not long in discovering that by their flight and their -notes we could tell the season, and almost the hour of -<span class='pageno' id='Page_12'>12</span>the day. When we heard in the field the love-note of -the pinnated grouse, or in the woods heard the drumming -of his ruffed<a id='t12'></a> cousin on the logs, we knew it was -time to plough and plant. An approaching storm was -announced with certainty by the coming of the quail -from his seclusion in the thicket to a position where -he could make his message heard. The crooning of the -cricket, and the call of the katydid, each had a meaning -and message that we understood. These constituted -the catechism from which we learned to believe in -Deity, and the larger and diviner life for man.”</p> - -<p class='c008'>To return to the autobiography:</p> - -<p class='c008'>“The farm was about three miles east of the village -of Joliet, and the early schools were the ordinary district -schools with one teacher for a few months in each year. -In winter they used to have spelling contests every week -in one of the three schools located at three points of a -triangle named Jericho, Babylon, and Bagdad. Harlow -had the distinction of being the champion speller when -he was so small that he had to stand on a box to be as -high as the others in the class.</p> - -<p class='c008'>“In order to give his children a better school, Henry -Dumont Higinbotham built a house in the village of -Joliet about 1855 and moved there. This was his home -until his death in 1865.</p> - -<p class='c008'>“In 1857 the nineteen-year-old youth accepted a -position as bookkeeper and teller in a bank in Joliet, -after which he was cashier of the Bank of Oconto, at -Oconto, Wisconsin. In 1860 he became entry clerk, -bookkeeper and cashier for Cooley, Farwell & Company, -wholesale dry-goods dealers in Chicago, a city he had -<span class='pageno' id='Page_13'>13</span>first discovered long before from the top of a load of -hay which he had brought there to sell as a boy. In -1862 he left Chicago to go to the Civil War.</p> - -<p class='c008'>“He first enlisted in the Mercantile Battery, but was -rejected on account of poor health. Then he obtained -a position as clerk in the Quartermaster’s Department, -and went to Clarksburg, West Virginia. His service -there being much in the open and on horseback, his -health was restored. While there he organized a company -of infantry, as a guard to protect Clarksburg as -a base for supplies for the United States army, which -was always in the mountains, frequently leaving its -base unprotected. He was captain of this company, -which was called the Kelley Guards, General Kelley -then being in command of the department. While in -Chicago Mr. Higinbotham had belonged to the old -Zouaves, and had been drilled in the manual of arms -and company formation and tactics. The Government -supplied the Kelley Guards with arms and ammunition, -and their presence perhaps prevented raids that might -have been made. The company was made up of men -employed in the Quartermaster’s and Commissary -departments.</p> - -<p class='c008'>“In 1863 and 1864 Higinbotham served in like capacity -in Kentucky and Tennessee, and concluded his service -at Hagerstown, Maryland, at the close of the war.</p> - -<p class='c008'>“Returning to Chicago in 1865, he engaged as bookkeeper -with the new firm just commencing business as -Field, Palmer & Leiter. This firm changed in 1867 to -Field, Leiter & Co., and a few years later to the present -firm of Marshall Field & Co. Mr. Higinbotham was -<span class='pageno' id='Page_14'>14</span>a member of that firm and remained in that business -until he retired in 1902. In his later years he was the -only original member of that firm still living.”</p> - -<p class='c008'>On December seventh, 1865, occurred his marriage -to Miss Rachel Davison, of Joliet. Her mother was -Priscilla Moore, whose ancestors were of Scotch descent, -and came to this country in 1723, settling in Londonderry, -N. H. The two had been acquainted since -childhood, their fathers’ farms being side by side. -They attended the same school, and later, when Rachel -Davison was the belle of Joliet, their friendship grew -and culminated in their marriage. Six children—two -sons and four daughters—were born of this union. -Two of the daughters died in infancy. The four surviving -are Harlow Davison Higinbotham, Henry Mortimer -Higinbotham, Florence, wife of Richard T. Crane, -Jr., and Alice, wife of Joseph Medill Patterson.</p> - -<p class='c008'>During the presidential campaign of 1864, when a -large parade was to be held in Joliet in honor of McClellan -and Pendleton, the democratic candidates, -Rachel Davison had been selected to head it because -of her great beauty and fine horsemanship; and this -beauty remained with her until her death on June -twenty-fifth, 1909.</p> - -<p class='c008'>Although modest and shy, Mrs. Higinbotham was a -strong personality. She cared little for social life, never -seeking conspicuous position, her home and children -being always uppermost in her thoughts. Her sense of -duty, and her thrift when a young matron, aided her -husband to attain an influential position in the community. -She exerted a strong influence, and during -<span class='pageno' id='Page_15'>15</span>their life together was companion, adviser, and assistant -in large business undertakings and in philanthropic -work. Like him, she was always kind, and always -mindful of those in need.</p> - -<p class='c008'>During the World’s Fair, her gracious hospitality -made their home the centre of Chicago’s social life. -Their house on Michigan Avenue, designed in early -French renaissance by F. Meredith Whitehouse, was a -charming setting for the many entertainments given for -distinguished visitors.</p> - -<p class='c008'>We now return to Mr. Higinbotham’s narrative:</p> - -<p class='c008'>“At the time of the Chicago fire on October ninth, -1871, Higinbotham was in charge of the Insurance and -Accounting Department of the business of Field, Leiter -& Co., and was only an employe of the firm. Without -waiting for instructions, he went to their barns and -called out all the drivers with their teams; and he and -they went at once to the store and commenced carting -away the most valuable goods to a point south of the -fire limit or belt. They continued this all night, and -at the same time, by changing blankets in the windows -and keeping them wet, they kept off the fire until it -had passed them on the opposite side of State Street, -gone north a mile or more and burned the city waterworks. -This occurred at about seven in the morning -of October tenth, Higinbotham’s thirty-third birthday.</p> - -<p class='c008'>“With their water supply thus cut off, they were -helpless and had to abandon the store and its contents -to the fire that slowly backed up from the north and -drove them out. A later inventory showed that they -had saved a little over six hundred thousand dollars’ -<span class='pageno' id='Page_16'>16</span>worth of goods, their proofs of loss showed that a little -over two million and a half had been burned, and their -insurance amounted to nineteen hundred thousand -dollars. This would indicate a loss of six hundred -thousand dollars. It was, however, much greater for -the reason that many of the insurance companies were -unable to pay their obligations, a number not more -than ten cents on the dollar. A portion of the saved -goods were in the car barns at Twentieth and State -Streets, some in a wooden church at Thirty-second -Street and South Park Avenue. Higinbotham’s home -was then on Prairie Avenue near Twenty-seventh -Street.</p> - -<p class='c008'>“Higinbotham went from the fire directly to Mr. -Leiter’s home, and told him of a plan he had formed for -the re-establishment of the business. Mr. Leiter threw -up both hands and exclaimed, ‘Oh, Higinbotham! It -is too early to make plans—Chicago is gone!’ Mr. -Higinbotham replied, ‘No, no—we have got to do -these things anyway.’ His plan was for Mr. Field to -give his attention to finding a place wherein to re-establish -the business; Mr. Leiter was to take charge -of the saved goods, and have them inventoried so that -the inventory would show the contents of each case. -Higinbotham had in mind the adjusting of the loss, as -that was one of the first essentials. Mr. Willing, a -junior partner, was to go to Valparaiso, Indiana, stop -all goods coming from the east, and warehouse and -insure them until the Company was ready to have them -sent in. Mr. Higinbotham was to take his family and -Mr. Leiter’s, and all the bookkeepers and books of -<span class='pageno' id='Page_17'>17</span>account, cash and valuable papers, and go at once to -Joliet and there remain until a place had been arranged -for at least an office in the city. This plan, which was -formulated while he was saving the goods, was carried -out in every particular. In Joliet the office of Field, -Leiter & Co. was for two weeks in his mother’s house, -and she took care of a number of the bookkeepers during -their stay. He then went with his wife and baby to -Cincinnati, St. Louis and San Francisco to adjust and -collect insurance. A number of the companies in these -cities having no agencies in Chicago had failed. It was -his business to ascertain how much their assets would -pay, collect the money and return as quickly as possible.</p> - -<p class='c008'>“The business was soon re-established, and went -through that year with a net profit of over three hundred -thousand dollars, notwithstanding that two and a half -millions had been burned up in a single night. It was -then that Mr. Leiter said, ‘Higinbotham, we are going -to give you an interest in this business!’ meaning, of -course, a share in the profits. Later he was made a -partner and remained in the firm until 1902.”</p> - -<p class='c008'>Unfortunately, Mr. Higinbotham’s sudden death prevented -his completing this autobiographical sketch with -any fulness of detail. We have merely a few rough -notes—two or three typewritten pages—in regard to -his public activities, of which his work for the World’s -Columbian Exposition was the most important.</p> - -<p class='c008'>From the first he was an enthusiast in this movement -for a fit celebration of the great quadri-centennial -anniversary, and for the location of the world festival -in Chicago. As he said years after, at a banquet to a -<span class='pageno' id='Page_18'>18</span>group of Japanese commissioners, who were promoting -a proposed exposition in Tokio: “In the years preceding -our Columbian festival, peace reigned throughout -the world. It was an opportune time for the assembling -of the animate and inanimate parliaments, a time for -the world to pause, take account of stock, to note -progress in all the things that make for peace and -humanity’s good; a time for the exchange of greetings -between the peoples and the nations of the earth. You -will all remember with what zeal Chicago entered into -competition for the honor of being the host on that -occasion. You will also remember the satisfaction and -pride that filled our hearts when we had won the distinguished -honor, and the heroic efforts we put forth to -fulfil our pledge. To the older civilizations of the world -it seemed presumptuous that a new city in a far country -should appear in such a role. Our nearer neighbors -predicted failure, and this stimulated us to greater -effort; with a result that it is not even necessary to refer -to, except in so far as to show its beneficent influence -and substantial value to the world.”</p> - -<p class='c008'>And this further extract from the address shows that -his motive was not merely local, that his vision embraced -a world-wide ideal of humane values involved in these -great festivals of peace:</p> - -<p class='c008'>“The International Exposition, where the richest and -rarest products meet in friendly competition, where the -ripest wisdom of the ages is represented by the scholars -and thinkers of all the world, cannot but result in great -and lasting good and in promoting peace and good will.</p> - -<p class='c008'><span class='pageno' id='Page_19'>19</span>“The Exposition stands at the meeting of the world’s -highways, where gather the nations of the earth, burdened -each with the evidences of its newest and noblest -achievements. It is an epitome of the world’s progress, -a history and a prophecy.</p> - -<p class='c008'>“The latest discoveries, the newest inventions, the -triumphs in art, in science, in education, in the solution -of social and even of religious problems, are here -arrayed; whatever testifies to the industry, the skill, the -creative and almost divine power of human thought -when stimulated to its most earnest endeavors.</p> - -<p class='c008'>“The more we share with others the good we possess, -the more shall they share with us the things and thoughts -that make for peace with them. The more we all -strive for the common good, the nearer we shall attain -to universal brotherhood.”</p> - -<p class='c008'>Thus inspired, he was deeply engaged in the enterprise -from the first. In 1890 he had much to do with -securing from Congress the honor of holding the Exposition -in Chicago. After it was so decided, he was -commissioned to go abroad to promote interest in the -Fair—was a director and a member of important -committees—Finance, Ways and Means, Foreign Exhibits; -and later, in August, 1892, was made President -of the Directory and Chairman of the Council of Administration, -a body of four, chosen half from the -Directory and half from the National Commission -created by Congress. This Council was clothed with -the full power of all other bodies and committees, and -charged with the completion and administration of the -Exposition at a time when the treasury was empty and -<span class='pageno' id='Page_20'>20</span>the enterprise was thought to be a failure. During that -summer Mr. Marshall Field, Mr. Higinbotham’s partner -and head of the firm, was absent in Germany; and he -withheld his consent to Mr. Higinbotham’s accepting -the Presidency, because he felt that the probable failure -of the enterprise would reflect on their business. To -convince him, Mr. Higinbotham wrote him the exact -status of the Fair, what he thought he could do with it -if Mr. Field would consent, and his reluctance to refuse -his services at a time of crisis.</p> - -<p class='c008'>In regard to this, Mr. Higinbotham has stated: “I -remember saying that he would not be glad he lived -in Chicago if the Fair was a failure, and his property -would not be worth half as much. I also wrote him -how many people would attend the Fair and how much -we would receive from concessions, estimating about as -follows:</p> - -<table class='table1' summary=''> - <tr> - <td class='c009'>Admissions, 22,000,000</td> - <td class='c006'>$11,000,000</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c009'>Concessions</td> - <td class='c006'>4,000,000</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c009'>Residuum, Building Material, etc.</td> - <td class='c006'>1,000,000</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c009'> </td> - <td class='c006'><hr /></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c009'> </td> - <td class='c006'>$16,000,000</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c009'> </td> - <td class='c006'> </td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c009'>“Then I wrote him that it would cost to complete and administer the Fair</td> - <td class='c006'>9,000,000</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c009'> </td> - <td class='c006'><hr /></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c010'>and we would have</td> - <td class='c006'>$7,000,000</td> - </tr> -</table> -<p class='c011'>to pay back to bondholders and stockholders. These -were arguments that he could understand when far -away, and he cabled me, ‘All right, go ahead.’ I did, -and we made the prognosis good and a little more. I -wish I had time, space and patience to tell you how I -<span class='pageno' id='Page_21'>21</span>based my estimates for attendance, and then tell you -how hard I worked to make it all come true. The -other members of the Council of Administration agreed -at the first meeting to stand by and support me all the -time and always. This they did, with the result that -at the conclusion, with six thousand written pages, we -did not have a single negative vote recorded in the -minutes of our meetings. The members of the Council -of Administration, besides the Chairman, were: George -V. Massey of Dover, Delaware; J. W. St. Clair of West -Virginia and Charles H. Schwab of Chicago.”</p> - -<p class='c008'>Mr. Massey, the only surviving one of the four, -corroborates this assertion of harmony, and adds the -following appreciation of his dead colleague’s services:</p> - -<p class='c008'>“As one of his associates in the Council, I was afforded -exceptional opportunity to become acquainted -with his wonderful capacity for effective work along the -most judicious and practical lines; and the knowledge -of his envied characteristics, thereby derived, warrants -the statement that the successful results of the Exhibition -were more largely attributable to his untiring and -energetic efforts than to any other official related to the -undertaking.”</p> - -<p class='c008'>The year or two covered by those six thousand pages -of minutes was a period of dramatic intensity for the -man at the head of the vast enterprise. The local -Board of Directors, composed of Chicago business men, -was the great working body which organized, paid for, -and ran the Fair, the National Commission being a -more or less ornamental consort appointed by the -Government to give the Exposition authority and -<span class='pageno' id='Page_22'>22</span>dignity in the eyes of the invited nations. When Mr. -Higinbotham, on August eighteenth, 1892, accepted the -presidency of the Directory, after the successive resignations -of Lyman J. Gage and William T. Baker, the -early local enthusiasm had given way to despondency, -for the impression had gathered force that soaring -expenses could never be met even to the extent of -repaying the bonded indebtedness, not to speak of -the stockholders.</p> - -<p class='c008'>As president of the Board of Directors, Chairman -of the Council of Administration, and member of the -Bureau of Admissions and Collections, Mr. Higinbotham -held three offices, each involving “heavy responsibilities -which could not be delegated, resting upon -powers which were ill-defined, yet were co-extensive -with the purposes of the company’s incorporation.” -For over two years these duties required his entire -time—often from twelve to sixteen hours out of the -twenty-four—and more than a man’s due share of -physical and mental energy.</p> - -<p class='c008'>The story is told with outward completeness in the -“Report of the President to the Board of Directors of -the World’s Columbian Exposition,” a volume of 323 -octavo pages (exclusive of appendices) written in that -clear, concise and vivid narrative style which was always -at Mr. Higinbotham’s command. Outward completeness -only, for one must read between the lines of any -formal report to discover the heart-story involved; and -in this case, as in all Mr. Higinbotham’s activities, the -heart-story was the central motive.</p> - -<p class='c008'><span class='pageno' id='Page_23'>23</span>He undertook this public service from the purest -instinct of civic pride and loyalty—love of his city and -state, pride in the great festival and delight in the ideal -involved—its consummation of democracy in beauty -representing the union of many creative wills. The -Exposition was the first effort of our American democracy -to achieve, in any large sense, such a consummation. -Thus, to any man of vision, it was prophetic of a new -era, and worthy of all that the individual could give. -Mr. Higinbotham’s gift was an indomitable will and a -mind trained to finance, knowledge of men, quick -decision of difficult problems, and unfailing resource in -initiative.</p> - -<p class='c008'>One cannot tell the whole long story here, but a few -characteristic incidents may be referred to. The electric -light contest, for example, illustrates Mr. Higinbotham’s -skill and patience in handling would-be -profiteers—for public spirit among contractors was not -the universal rule. At this time, the spring of 1892, he -was vice-president of the Board of Directors, but acting -as president in Mr. Baker’s absence. Powerful companies -in collusion presented bids averaging $18.00 per incandescent -lamp for the six months the Fair was to -endure; but by playing other companies against them, -and refusing to be stampeded into immediate action, -he gradually reduced this bid to $5.95 per lamp, and -finally gave the contract to another company at a still -lower figure. In the end the sum paid for the entire -service was $399,000, as against the $1,675,720, originally -demanded.</p> - -<p class='c008'><span class='pageno' id='Page_24'>24</span>Indeed the financial history of the Fair was one long -series of contests and anxieties for its president. Again -and again the enterprise would have failed for lack of -funds if the situation had been less skilfully handled; -and although failure would have meant national dishonor, -the Congress at Washington did not show any -proper sense of partnership in a great national festival -which was to cost over twenty-eight millions. Instead -of the five millions which had been listed for eight -months in the appropriation bill and counted upon with -reasonable assurance, the government at last, during -the hot summer of 1892, compromised on two millions -and a half in souvenir coins of uncertain sale; and -afterwards, at a moment of imminent financial crisis, -it withheld more than a fifth of that sum ($570,880) to -pay the expenses of its own department of awards, a -department over which the Directory had no jurisdiction -whatever.</p> - -<p class='c008'>What this cost the company’s president during the -following months of enormous expenditure, when construction -bills for material and labor had to be met if -the work was to go on, can hardly be estimated. The -year from August, 1892, to August, 1893, was a time -of incredible strain for the man at the helm. The -writer vividly remembers a chance meeting with Mr. -Higinbotham in July, 1893. Although she had felt that -the attendance thus far was slight, she had not realized -the financial issue involved. One glance at the familiar -face, however, informed her of the danger; gave her an -emotion of anxiety which she will never forget. The -face, usually smiling and even tender with friends, was -<span class='pageno' id='Page_25'>25</span>white and stern and drawn; incredibly strong and firm, -but cold and hard; the face of a ship captain through a -tornado, of a general when the battle seems going -wrong; recording a moment when individual emotion -was swallowed up in the tragic passion of leadership -through imminent disaster.</p> - -<p class='c008'>Fortunately this long and ever increasing strain -began to diminish soon after. In August the gate -receipts began to creep up, so that the bondholders -became less clamorous and the Board of Directors less -apprehensive; and the phenomenal “Chicago Day” -attendance of October ninth—the twenty-second anniversary -of the Fire which a young employe had fought -for Field, Leiter & Co.—a day when 761,942 persons -went through the turn-stiles, enabled the Treasurer of -the Exposition to pay the bondholders in full.</p> - -<p class='c008'>But finances were only one detail, though of course -the most important, the most fundamental, to the -responsible Company and its president. Other issues -involved brought less anxiety and more joy, introducing -an infinite variety of experience and motive into the -life of a middle-western American merchant. Of these -were the president’s relations with the board of architects, -those distinguished artists from far and near -who designed and built the Fair. In this connection -may be mentioned his life-long loyalty to the memory -of John Wellborn Root, the first consulting architect, -who made the ground plan of the Fair, admittedly a -master-piece of great-festival design, but suddenly died—in -January, 1891—before he could lead in carrying -it out. Mr. Higinbotham, to the end of his life, loyally -<span class='pageno' id='Page_26'>26</span>insisted on ascribing the beauty of the Fair chiefly to -the genius of this man, contending always against rival -claims and the forgetfulness of time.</p> - -<p class='c008'>The aesthetic and picturesque aspects of the Fair building -included also personal relations—which often, to a -warm-hearted man like Mr. Higinbotham, became -friendships—with painters, sculptors, musicians, even -poets; with foreign Commissioners, government and -state officials; with eager concessionaires from far and -near; indeed with all the various types of human self-interest -and idealistic enthusiasm which a vast festival -gathers together. In each case the president, in his -council of four, must hold the even scales of justice, -settling all disputes aesthetic or temporal, and getting -or giving a reasonable price for what was granted or -secured.</p> - -<p class='c008'>Many of these disputes were little less than agonies to -the persons involved, and in these cases Mr. Higinbotham’s -quick sympathies became deeply engaged, and -he spent over them many hours which should have been -given to sleep. One such incident may be briefly -dwelt upon, not because it was more important than -others, but because it was typical of countless minor -disputes which went for final settlement to the Council -of Administration, and because the writer, as the author -of the poem involved, happens to know about it.</p> - -<p class='c008'>This was the “Columbian Ode” episode—a story -which Mr. Higinbotham delighted to tell to the end -of his life. This poem had been unanimously requested -of the author by the Committee on Ceremonies and -definitely accepted by that body for the great day of the -<span class='pageno' id='Page_27'>27</span>Dedication of Buildings—the four-hundredth anniversary -of the Discovery of America. But a small -group in the committee suddenly ceased to favor the -poem, and set up a violent opposition in the effort to -have it annulled as a feature of the Dedication Day -program. The dispute became so bitter that a peaceful -decision in the Committee became impossible, and the -matter was referred to the Council of Administration -for settlement.</p> - -<p class='c008'>This was in mid-September, 1892—the Dedication -of Buildings was only a month away. The writer, who -had just returned from a summer outing, was summoned -to present her side of the question at an evening session -of the Council of Administration. At this time she -had never met Mr. Higinbotham, who took the chair -soon after her arrival—a simple, quiet man in the prime -of life, of slight figure, fine shapely head, regular features -rather delicate in contour, and dark wavy hair and -beard streaked with a few threads of gray. Near him -were two other members of the Council of Administration.</p> - -<p class='c008'>It was strictly a business session, and the writer was -interested to observe how simply and easily various -widely differing details were disposed of, either directly -or by reference to individuals or committees; details of -the roofing contract, the power plants, the sewerage -system; applications from would-be concessionaires; -and Dedication Day arrangements—program-printing, -livery charges, the military procession, plans for transporting -and seating the vast throng of over an hundred -thousand persons who were being invited to assemble -<span class='pageno' id='Page_28'>28</span>under the lofty glazed and vaulted roof of the Manufacturers’ -Building, to celebrate the quadri-centennial -anniversary of one of the supreme events in the history -of the world. And one of these details was the dispute, -inherited from the Committee on Ceremonies, about -the “Columbian Ode”—whether or not a portion of it -should be read and sung before the great audience on -the great day.</p> - -<p class='c008'>The opponents presented their case; they were not -satisfied with either the author, who should have been -a poet of distinction like the aged Whittier, or the ode -itself, which was too long for the occasion, and which -contained, moreover, a sixty-line tribute to a deceased -relative of the author—a tribute which she had declined -to omit.</p> - -<p class='c008'>The writer met these objections as well as she could, -pointing out especially that the tribute in question—to -the Fair’s first architect-in-chief—was due to his -memory on this great day, especially as it was only -three lines and a half long instead of the sixty-four -complained of.</p> - -<p class='c008'>Mr. Higinbotham asked the writer to read the -questioned tribute, and then remarked: “It’s hardly -enough to say of the great architect who planned the -Fair, whose death at his post during that first year was -the heaviest blow it could possibly have received. A -poem for this dedication which did not refer to him -would be gravely defective, in my opinion.”</p> - -<p class='c008'>Mr. Higinbotham used to say afterwards: “Her -poem had been asked for, approved by experts and -accepted by the Committee on Ceremonies, and I made -<span class='pageno' id='Page_29'>29</span>up my mind that as much of it should be read as we -had time for in the program, including the tribute to -John Root.” And it was so ordered.</p> - -<p class='c008'>At last the long anticipated anniversary arrived. -It is impossible to exaggerate the beauty of the late -October day, the dramatic splendor of the festival, or -the ardent spirit of that vivid audience, whose gay -colors fluttered into rainbow brilliancy as the sun -struck down through the glass roof. Mr. Higinbotham -wrote in his report:</p> - -<p class='c008'>“The scene in the Manufacturers’ Building will never -be forgotten by those who witnessed it. The grand -platform was occupied by officers of the national government, -members of the diplomatic corps, officers of the -various States, senators and representatives, directors -and commissioners. The eye and brain could scarcely -comprehend the vastness of the audience stretching -out before this platform. There was little motion, but -the air was resonant with an indescribable hum of -voices. At the south end of the building the chorus of -five thousand persons seemed but a mere island in an -ocean of humanity.”</p> - -<p class='c008'>Mr. Higinbotham’s share of the program was a quiet -speech in which he accepted the completed grounds and -buildings from Daniel H. Burnham, Director of Works, -saluted “the master artists of construction” whom the -Director had presented, and offered to him for distribution -the medals which had been struck off by the -Directory for presentation to the artists of the Fair. -Everyone noted the simple dignity of his bearing -and speech on this conspicuous occasion.</p> - -<p class='c008'><span class='pageno' id='Page_30'>30</span>I have already referred to the anxieties of the Fair’s -president during the nine months which followed the -Dedication. The reward for his long labor came during -the last three months of the gorgeous festival, when he -could enjoy the beauty and share the gay spirit of that -ephemeral White City which he had done so much to -create. For, though there have been world’s fairs -before and since the Columbian, no other has rivalled -it in delicate Venetian magic. No other has attempted -its inter-weaving of water-ways among buildings and -colonnades, whose shining day-time beauty turned to -glory at night, when the long rows of lights trailed their -golden fringes in the wide lagoons. Mr. Higinbotham -delighted in the joy of the people as the festive spirit -of the crowd rose and gathered force during those last -months of the gala season.</p> - -<p class='c008'>The most important social event of the Exposition -season was the banquet given by the Board of Directors -on October eleventh to the Commissioners of foreign -nations. The great Music Hall on the grounds was -transformed into a brilliantly lit bower of ferns, palms -and flowers for this occasion, fitly adorned with the -flags of the forty-eight nations and the yellow and -white banners of the Exposition. Mr. Higinbotham, as -presiding officer, opened the exchange of compliments -with a brief salutation, and the program closed with his -address on “The Future Influence of the Exposition,” -of which a few sentences may be quoted:</p> - -<p class='c008'>“The impress of our work will be so delicately and -imperceptibly woven into the fabric of the future that -it will have a finer and more beautiful texture. It will -<span class='pageno' id='Page_31'>31</span>sink deep into the minds of the learned and unlearned -alike. It will stimulate the youth of this and later -generations to greater and more heroic effort. It will -give to the wheels of commerce a new impetus; thereby -bring the people of the earth into more intimate and, -I trust, happier relations.</p> - -<p class='c008'>“Let us hope that future generations will look back -to this place with reverence, satisfaction and pride, as -the spot where was laid the deep foundation of a monument -that should mark the dawn of a new era, emphasizing -the benign influence of the gospel of peace, the -fatherhood of God, and the brotherhood of man. Let -us indulge the fond hope that its influence will increase -until it encircles the globe and encompasses the race.</p> - -<p class='c008'>“I have long sought for some consolation to justify -the imminent destruction of our beautiful city, and I -can find only this thought as comforting:</p> - -<p class='c008'>“Whenever a people have gained distinction by the -creation of some specially meritorious work, have declared -it finished, and then rested to contemplate its -grandeur and magnificence, feeling that there was -nothing greater for them to do, they have fallen into -a condition of decay, and from that time become effeminate. -It is better, therefore, for us to efface our work, -and cease to delude ourselves with the thought that -there is nothing for us, and those that come after us, -to do. Let us rather hope that what we have done -will live, as a stepping-stone to grander and more -heroic efforts, compensated with richer and rarer fruits. -Let us not take to ourselves the credit, and seek to -magnify unduly our creation; if it has merit and excellence -<span class='pageno' id='Page_32'>32</span>it will speak for and defend itself. Let us rather -rejoice in the thought that what has been done is the -culmination of a period in the progress of the world; -that especially it declares and emphasizes the wisdom -of our fathers in the creation of a government founded -on the broad and enduring principles of human liberty.</p> - -<p class='c008'>“These buildings will disappear and mingle with our -dust, but their glory will ever live, and continue to -mark an era in the progress of civilization long after -their creators have been forgotten.</p> - -<p class='c008'>“There is a sense in which the material side of our -work seems insignificant; compared to the kindly feeling -that has been augmented by the gathering of representatives -of the nations of the earth it is of slight importance. -The culmination of these close relations of the -heart will have more lasting benefit, will permeate more -peoples, enduring through all time, and growing brighter -and brighter unto the perfect day.”</p> - -<p class='c008'>In every detail of his connection with the national -festival, Mr. Higinbotham was an effective presiding -officer. While making no pretense of oratory in addressing -an audience, his personal distinction of manner -and the quiet earnestness of his voice added to the force -and beauty of a diction concise and vivid. In closer -contacts he never lost his patience, yet never retreated -from a just decision. In the personal intimacies which -developed with all kinds of people, he was unfailingly -sympathetic and generous; and when these ripened into -friendship, his warm-hearted loyalty became a precious -possession in his own spirit and in those it honored.</p> - -<p class='c008'><span class='pageno' id='Page_33'>33</span>On May first, 1895, the Board of Directors presented -a silver vase as a testimonial to their president, his work -now almost over. Their spokesman, Edwin Walker, in -the course of his address, said:</p> - -<p class='c008'>“I am commissioned by all who are or have been -Directors to make, in their name, public recognition of -the invaluable services of our President, Harlow N. -Higinbotham. We all recognize his incessant labor, his -zeal and loyalty, from the first organization of the -Board, but more especially from the date of his official -relations until the present time. He is still our President.</p> - -<p class='c008'>“Possibly in some respects I have more intimate -knowledge of the magnitude of his labors than other -members of the Board, on account of the close relations -of our official positions; but we all know that during -the lifetime of the Exposition proper the cares and -responsibilities of his office were almost beyond human -endurance. He brought to the work all his mental and -physical strength, his integrity of character, and all the -elements of a generous manhood. His work did not -close with the Exposition. He was charged with the -settlement and adjustment of a large proportion of the -varied claims made against the Exposition. These -labors have been especially annoying and perplexing.</p> - -<p class='c008'>“But the end of all his and our special work is rapidly -approaching. Within a reasonable time we shall be -able, as a corporation, to surrender back to the people -the trust confided to us, with the hope that all the people -will give us the credit of having assumed and honestly -discharged a public duty and great public trust.</p> - -<p class='c008'><span class='pageno' id='Page_34'>34</span>“And now, President Higinbotham, in behalf of your -friends of the Directory, I present this testimonial. I -repeat the inscription engraved thereon as the better -expression of the earnest appreciation by your friends, -of your unswerving fidelity to official duty:</p> - -<p class='c008'>“‘By this testimonial, the Directors record their -thorough appreciation of the untiring labors, and unselfish -devotion to official duty, of their President, -Harlow N. Higinbotham—a souvenir of pleasant associations, -abiding friendships, and of the inspiration, -administration, and glorious ending of the World’s -Columbian Exposition of 1893.’”</p> - -<p class='c008'>In closing this chapter of his life we must, for the -moment, pass over a quarter-century to that May-day -of 1918 when Daniel Chester French’s statue of the -Republic was dedicated in Jackson Park as a memorial -of the Exposition. To reproduce in bronze of heroic -size this figure, which had dominated the Court of -Honor in 1893, the last residue of Exposition funds was -used, Mr. Higinbotham having successfully resisted -numerous efforts to spend the money less fitly. All the -members of the old Board of Directors who were alive -and in Chicago surrounded its president as his little -grand-daughters, Florence Crane and Priscilla Higinbotham, -unveiled the monument, and portions of the -“Columbian Ode” were read by its author.</p> - -<p class='c008'>Mr. Higinbotham made the following address, which -happened to be his last public utterance:</p> - -<p class='c008'>“It is my pleasure to deliver into the care and keeping -of the South Park Commissioners this statue. It has -been created as a memorial of the Exposition held here -<span class='pageno' id='Page_35'>35</span>a quarter of a century ago to celebrate the Four-hundredth -Anniversary of the Discovery of America by -Columbus. The Discovery and the celebration four -hundred years later, in which the peoples of the earth -so generously united, are landmarks, milestones, on the -highway of civilization.</p> - -<p class='c008'>“This statue is intended to commemorate both events, -and is in such form as to do them the highest honor. -It is made of purest metal. It is of heroic size, thus -indicating that the events it commemorates were -notable. It is in the image of a woman, typifying -purity, strength, motherhood. Thus it suggests those -qualities that in all the ages have commanded love and -respect.</p> - -<p class='c008'>“I cannot allow this last opportunity to speak of the -World’s Columbian Exposition to pass without paying -tribute to its high purpose, its beauty and beneficent -influence. It sprang into being under circumstances and -conditions that made it akin to a miracle. A new city -in a far country was responsible for its conception, -creation, and administration. Its magnificence caused -the world to wonder and almost worship. Its Court of -Honor will be remembered as worthy of a place beside -the most beautiful creations of man. It won the smile -of the world and had the blessing and benediction of the -Divine. Its author did not live to witness its grandeur. -The ‘Columbian Ode’ said of him:</p> - -<div class='lg-container-b c012'> - <div class='linegroup'> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>‘Beauty opened wide her starry way,</div> - <div class='line in4'>And he passed on.’</div> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c008'>“The unanimity with which the Nations of the Earth -united in the celebration is an indication of the value -<span class='pageno' id='Page_36'>36</span>that the Discovery of the New World was to mankind -in its onward march.”</p> - -<p class='c008'>Soon after the close of the Exposition Mr. Higinbotham -returned to active business. Unfortunately -that part of his life is less a matter of public record, -and in its history the present writer is wholly uninformed -and incompetent. She once read an article by -Mr. Higinbotham, intended for young would-be merchants, -which set forth so clearly the qualities of mind -and temperament required for such a career, and described -many typical incidents so picturesquely, as to -convince her that its author should use his literary -gift to tell the whole dramatic story of the growth of -the great business which engaged him for nearly forty -years—from its small local beginning with Field, Palmer -& Leiter in 1865, to the enormous world-wide commerce -of Marshall Field & Co. from which he retired in 1902. -Such a story would be, in effect, a commercial history -of the great formative period of the nation, and its -value can hardly be estimated.</p> - -<p class='c008'>Mr. Higinbotham’s public activities did not cease -with the World’s Fair. After its close, the Field -Columbian Museum of Natural History was organized, -and he served for seventeen years as its president. -For its occupancy the authorities reserved, during a -quarter-century, the beautiful Fine Arts Building of -the Exposition, from which it removed, in 1920, to the -permanent structure south of Grant Park. To this -museum its president contributed not only seventeen -years of devoted service, but also the collection of -precious stones made by Tiffany & Co. for the Exposition, -<span class='pageno' id='Page_37'>37</span>which was installed as the Gem Collection in -Higinbotham Hall.</p> - -<p class='c008'>Indeed, during the last twenty-five years of Mr. -Higinbotham’s life, most of his leisure was devoted -to the people of Chicago, especially the poor and suffering. -In 1897 President McKinley offered to appoint -him Ambassador to France, but excessive modesty, and -love of his own place, caused him to decline. When the -city proposed to spend thirty-five million dollars for a -new drainage district, and the project was in danger -of capture by incompetent politicians, he was active in -organizing a non-partisan opposition, and accepted -membership in a nominating committee which presented -to the voters an able and incorruptible group of six -candidates. Then, as chairman of the Finance Committee, -he personally collected thirty thousand dollars -for campaign expenses, and conducted a whirlwind -campaign of only thirty days which resulted in the -election of the entire independent ticket. Thus the -city was assured not only proper economy, but such -professional competence in the construction of the -Drainage Canal as should insure the future health of its -citizens. This was but one instance of his many inconspicuous -but valuable public services.</p> - -<p class='c008'>Besides countless private philanthropies, certain charitable -institutions deeply engaged his interest. For -many years he was president of Hahnemann Hospital -and of the Newsboys’ and Bootblacks’ Association; and -he organized, and was the first president of the Municipal -Tuberculosis Sanitarium, located on a tract of -<span class='pageno' id='Page_38'>38</span>one hundred and sixty acres in the northwestern part -of the city.</p> - -<p class='c008'>But the Home for Incurables was his best beloved -philanthropy—if one can call by that name a veritable -child of his spirit which engaged his love and devotion -for nearly forty years. When he was first importuned, -in 1880, to become a member of the board of such an -institution, which had then gone no further than to take -out incorporation papers, he felt that he could not -consent, in justice to other charitable institutions with -which he was connected, not to speak of the arduous -and exacting duties of his private business.</p> - -<p class='c008'>However, he was persuaded, and duly elected, made -chairman of a finance committee, and soon succeeded -to the presidency, which he held until his death. Within -a few days he had raised thirteen thousand dollars and -rented a vacant house at Fullerton and Racine Avenues. -This first Home ran along with some difficulty until -1887, when under the will of Mrs. Clarissa C. Peck, an -eastern woman, it fell heir to over six hundred thousand -dollars. Mr. Higinbotham became president of the -nine trustees under this will, and at once property was -purchased and buildings erected at Ellis Avenue and -Fifty-sixth Street, the present location. The property -has been increased by numerous bequests—notably six -hundred thousand dollars from Otto Young and a -quarter of a million each from Albert Keep and Daniel -B. Shipman—until its value is now nearly two million -dollars.</p> - -<p class='c008'>A little while before Mr. Higinbotham’s death he -said: “Since the Chicago Home for Incurables was -<span class='pageno' id='Page_39'>39</span>opened in 1890, it has had but one superintendent, Mr. -Frank D. Mitchell; one matron, Miss Hattie I. Miller; -one physician, Dr. W. P. Goodsmith; and one president. -And they are all still on duty.”</p> - -<p class='c008'>Miss Eleanor Quin, secretary to Mr. Higinbotham -for the past ten years, is still assisting; without these -people, whose love and devotion has been unfailing, the -work could not have been carried on successfully.</p> - -<p class='c008'>It is difficult to follow without emotion the story of -Mr. Higinbotham’s devotion to the Home. From the -time of his retirement from business in 1902, it became, -after his family, the chief interest of his mind and -heart, with which nothing was allowed to interfere. -When in town he made daily visits, always becoming -personally acquainted with—indeed, the friend of—each -inmate, and cheering them all on with unfailing -sympathy and humor. The coldness of many institutional -“charities” was never allowed to enter here, and -the love which rewarded him in life, and mourned his -death, was pathetic in its fervor.</p> - -<p class='c008'>When the death of other early benefactors had made -him the sole survivor, he presented to the Home, as a -memorial to those who had been associated with him -in its establishment, a bronze tablet bearing the following -inscription:</p> - -<div class='nf-center-c0'> -<div class='nf-center c013'> - <div>A. D. 1909</div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c014'>“This tablet is placed in loving memory of those good -and faithful women and men who gave unselfishly of -themselves, and generously of their means, for the -establishment of this Home. Their names are not -recorded here. Yonder in the Infinite they are written -<span class='pageno' id='Page_40'>40</span>on pages more glorious and far more enduring. This -tablet is the gift and the tribute of one who knew them -well and loved them fondly.</p> - -<p class='c014'>“May patience and peace and plenty ever abide -within its walls.</p> - -<p class='c014'>“May those who suffer and those who serve, those -who sing and those who pray, as well as those who, -unable to do more, stand by and cheer, be equally -blessed.</p> - -<p class='c014'>“May this great city, and all the agencies here employed -to heal the sick, alleviate suffering and advance -the interest of humanity, be prospered always.”</p> - -<p class='c008'>Among the many incidents which portray the tenderness -of his nature was one relating to a poor woman in -the Cook County Hospital, who, when told that Mr. -Higinbotham had come to see her, said: “Is this really -Mr. Higinbotham!” Bursting into tears, she drew from -beneath her pillow his picture, cut from a newspaper -which she had carried many years, as a help to make her -patient in suffering, as an inspiration to be gentle and -kind. Many other stories of his kindness to those in -sickness and distress might be told; particularly details -of his daily visits to the Home for Incurables.</p> - -<p class='c008'>A few other incidents may be mentioned to illustrate -further Mr. Higinbotham’s keen sympathies and his -untiring activity in obeying their commands. The case -of Leo Frank, whose conviction he felt to be unjust, -interested him so deeply that, unsolicited, he went to -Atlanta to intercede with the Governor and the Commission -for his life. His efforts were successful, as the -sentence was commuted and Frank was removed to -<span class='pageno' id='Page_41'>41</span>another city; but the lynching of the prisoner soon after -prevented further action in his favor.</p> - -<p class='c008'>Many men now prominent in affairs tell with what -kindly sympathy and affection Mr. Higinbotham aided -them in youth. Among these, one who early entered -the credit department of Marshall Field & Co. says: -“I never knew a man so sympathetic with boys; he -never tired of helping young men to get a start in life, -and no one could show more tact, perseverance and -energy in their service.”</p> - -<p class='c008'>A friend tells a story of one of the walking-trips which -were Mr. Higinbotham’s favorite athletic diversion; for -three times—in 1862, 1886 and 1897—he tramped over -the mountains of West Virginia, a distance of one -hundred and sixty-five miles, either alone or in company; -this besides many shorter mountain tramps. The -story illustrates not only his love of boys, but his determination -to overcome all obstacles.</p> - -<p class='c008'>“Two young employes at Field’s planned to -take a walking-trip, and asked for the necessary vacation. -Mr. Higinbotham was enthusiastic, and said that -if they wouldn’t mind his company he would make it -possible for them to take quite a long tramp through -the mountains of West Virginia. They were delighted—no -one could have been a more agreeable companion. -This was the second or third tramp he had made -through this region, whose wild scenic beauty he had -learned to love while he was stationed at Clarksburg, -West Virginia, during the Civil War, when he was -obliged to explore the region on horseback.</p> - -<p class='c008'><span class='pageno' id='Page_42'>42</span>“He took the phrase ‘walking-trip’ very seriously, and -would not accept any invitation to ride an inch. At -one place, for example, where we had to cross an unfordable -stream, he refused to ferry over, and ordered -a local carpenter to make a pair of stilts on which he -stumbled and splashed, and fell down and got up, and -tumbled again, finally arriving, drenched but triumphant, -on the opposite bank.”</p> - -<p class='c008'>An incident of another walking-trip began at the -grave of General Pettigrew, who had been fatally -wounded while in command of the rear guard of Lee’s -army on its retreat from Gettysburg. It was in 1897, -in North Carolina, that Mr. Higinbotham found a -moss-green grave-stone, which told how General Pettigrew -had died at the house of a man named Boyd, near -Martinsburg, West Virginia. As it was in Martinsburg -that Mr. Higinbotham, while a young Union officer, -had been stationed during 1864, and as he had there -“received many courtesies from the people of the South -both during and after the war,” he was much interested. -But it was not until 1918 that he could learn anything -about the General’s family. A few letters then passed -between him and Miss Mary Johnstone Pettigrew of -Tryon, North Carolina, in one of which he says:</p> - -<p class='c008'>“You mention the mysterious way in which peoples’ -lives cross or touch, and inform me that the General’s -great-great-grandmother was Rachel Higinbotham. You -will, I am sure, feel that truth is stranger than fiction -when I tell you that my wife’s name was also Rachel -Higinbotham.”</p> - -<p class='c008'><span class='pageno' id='Page_43'>43</span>And he tells of a quite recent trip on the James -River, during which he had met, at Hampton, a cousin -of Robert E. Lee who had known the Boyd family, in -whose house General Pettigrew died.</p> - -<p class='c008'>He always emphasized the necessity of human sympathy -and service, and we have plenty of testimony -showing the quick response of his big heart to appeals -public and private. A poet once wrote to him, after he -had held out his hand at a crisis:</p> - -<div class='lg-container-b c012'> - <div class='linegroup'> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>“Who cares for the burden, the night and the rain,</div> - <div class='line in2'>And the long steep lonesome road,</div> - <div class='line'>When at last through the darkness a light shines plain,</div> - <div class='line'>When a voice calls hail, and a friend draws rein</div> - <div class='line in2'>With an arm for the heavy load!</div> - </div> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>“For life is the chance of a friend or two</div> - <div class='line in2'>This side the journey’s goal.</div> - <div class='line'>Though the world be a desert the long night through,</div> - <div class='line'>Yet the gay flowers bloom and the sky grows blue</div> - <div class='line in2'>When a soul salutes a soul.”</div> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c008'>In religious matters he was extremely liberal, feeling -that “It is what we do, yesterday, today, and tomorrow, -more than what we believe, that will be important in -the final round-up.” In June, 1893, he said, in his -address of welcome at the opening of the World’s First -Parliament of Religions:</p> - -<p class='c008'>“The meeting of so many illustrious and learned men -under such circumstances evidences the kindly spirit -and feeling that exists throughout the world. To me -this is the proudest work of our Exposition. Whatever -may be the differences in the religions you represent, -<span class='pageno' id='Page_44'>44</span>there is a sense in which we are all alike. There is a -common plane on which we are all brothers. We owe -our being to conditions that are exactly the same. -Our journey through this world is by the same route. -We have in common the same senses, hopes, ambitions, -joys and sorrows; and these to my mind argue strongly -and almost conclusively a common destiny.</p> - -<p class='c008'>“To me there is much satisfaction and pleasure in the -fact that we are brought face to face with men who -come to us bearing the ripest wisdom of the ages. They -come in the friendliest spirit, which, I trust, will be -augmented by their intercourse with us and with each -other. I am hoping, Mr. Chairman and gentlemen, -that your Parliament will prove to be a golden milestone -on the highway of civilization—a golden stairway leading -up to the tableland of a higher, grander and more -perfect condition, where peace will reign and the enginery -of war be known no more forever.”</p> - -<p class='c008'>This hope of a better era is referred to again in the -address to the Japanese commissioners quoted above. -On that occasion—in 1909—he said:</p> - -<p class='c008'>“I am hoping that future expositions will leave out -the machinery of war. I know that we had a warship -and the Krupp gun at our own, but I am older now, -and I have a higher appreciation of the implements of -peace, and an intense dislike, amounting to hatred, of -war and all its trappings.</p> - -<p class='c008'>“Let us all hope that this twentieth century will -witness the dawn of a new era, that it will go down in -history as the age of peace, the age when a common -desire seemed to take possession of humanity everywhere -<span class='pageno' id='Page_45'>45</span>to share with all others the blessings they enjoyed. -Thus would be augmented the great sum of -human happiness.</p> - -<p class='c008'>“The nations of the earth should unite in a movement -to maintain a universal court whose duty it will be to -determine and adjust all national differences. I would -have, representing this court on the high seas, one navy -and only one, whose duty it would be to police the seas, -prevent possible piracy or improper or illegal commerce, -and assist the merchant marine in time of disaster or -distress. The money thus saved would go far towards -the care of the sick and unfortunate the world over, -and would add to the peace and prosperity of the people -everywhere, far beyond the power of the human mind -to conceive or calculate.”</p> - -<p class='c008'>To such feeling as this, developed and cherished -through a long life, the world catastrophe of 1914 was -a cruel strain; and for over two years Mr. Higinbotham -hoped that his own country might keep out of the -struggle. Nevertheless, both before and after the -United States declared war, he did what he could to -alleviate distress in the suffering nations and to encourage -heroic spirit in our own.</p> - -<p class='c008'>The Armistice brought to him, as to all the world, -deep relief after the long and bitter strain. It was good -that he lived to see the collapse of the anachronistic -military autocracy which had caused the war, and to -return, in spite of this cataclysm, to his firm belief that -the days of war are numbered.</p> - -<p class='c008'>The fatal accident of April eighteenth, 1919, in New -York, closed his life while he was still scarcely conscious -<span class='pageno' id='Page_46'>46</span>of old age, and in full possession of vigor of body, mind, -and spirit. To the last he was thinking of others—he -was on his way to greet returning soldiers of Illinois -when he was stricken down by a government ambulance.</p> - -<p class='c008'>One is tempted to apply to him a few sentences he -once wrote for a friend who had died:</p> - -<p class='c008'>“He discovered to me a nature rich in every higher -attribute, and his communication was so charming in -diction, and so sweetly simple in its mood, that I was -deeply moved by his conversation. I was impressed -by his love for humanity, his patriotism, and the pride -he felt in his profession. He was a pure type of the -old-school gentlemen. His was the habit and mien of -the scholar. His character has stamped itself upon -many people, and his example will influence the generations; -as his perfect life has blessed the community in -which he lived, and benefited those who knew him.</p> - -<p class='c008'>“It is well with our friend. He sleeps the slumber of -peace. The night wrapped his body in death, but his -soul saw the dawn of life.”</p> - -<div class='chapter'> - <span class='pageno' id='Page_47'>47</span> - <h2 class='c004'>APPENDIX</h2> -</div> - -<div> - <span class='pageno' id='Page_49'>49</span> - <h3 class='c002'>APPENDIX A.<br /> <span class='large'>LINCOLN IN 1864</span></h3> -</div> - -<p class='c015'><i>The following article, suggested by the controversy over -Mr. Barnard’s statue of Lincoln, was written for the New York -Sun, and published in that paper during the summer of 1917</i>:</p> - -<p class='c007'>I am impelled by your full-page illustrated article on Lincoln, -and the artist’s representation of him to be given to a nation -that believed in and sympathized with him and that desires to -honor him and perpetuate his memory, to give you and the -public my views:</p> - -<p class='c008'>I was born in Illinois in 1838 and have always been a resident -of that State. I knew Lincoln, not intimately, but well. I saw, -and heard him speak frequently during the years next preceding -the Civil War. I knew him before he was a candidate for the -presidency, and best during the contest between him and -Douglas for the senatorship. It is, I think, well understood -that the contest between these two great men was the stepping-stone -to the presidency for Lincoln, and gave him to the nation -and the world as one of its foremost noble and heroic characters. -I knew him later as president, and I am the only person living -who was present on the occasion of the first meeting between -Lincoln and General U. S. Grant. This meeting took place in -the White House on the evening of the eighth of March, 1864, -when General Grant came to Washington, escorted by Congressman -<span class='pageno' id='Page_50'>50</span>E. B. Washburn, to receive his commission as Lieutenant-General -of the Army. Those present on that occasion, all -from Illinois, were Mr. and Mrs. Lincoln, General Grant, Hon. -E. B. Washburne, Mr. and Mrs. B. F. James, and myself.</p> - -<p class='c008'>In Harper’s Weekly published at that time is a full-page -illustration of the presentation of the commission by President -Lincoln, in the presence of the members of the cabinet, on the -day following the first meeting. The presentation took place -at the Capitol. It may not be generally known, but General -Grant was the first to enjoy the full rank of Lieutenant-General -after Washington; General Winfield Scott having received it -by brevet. I was engaged in the Quartermaster’s Department -at this time and was on duty in Knoxville, Tenn., and had -been sent to Washington to confer with the Quartermaster -General, M. C. Meigs. This visit gave me opportunity to see -Lincoln under conditions vastly different from those when I -had seen him in Illinois. He was, however, the same Lincoln -that I had known. If there was a change, it was that he -seemed shrunken in stature. He was, however, both in manner -and dress, quite in keeping with his exalted station. He was -at ease and well poised; nothing in his manner, dress or speech -even suggested awkwardness. He had indelibly stamped on -his features more than a suggestion of nobility. There were -clearly outlined and defined those characteristics that made -him famous; that made him the Saviour of his Country and -the liberator of a race from bondage. It seems to me, that any -representation of Lincoln should, at least, aim to show him as -teeming with and, in fact, overflowing with those qualities and -characteristics that he was known to possess. On the contrary, -the artist has gone far back to his early life, and has sought to -represent him even worse than he could have been under the -most adverse circumstances. The statue is what the artist -seemingly intended it to be—a splendid, a magnificent misrepresentation -of Abraham Lincoln as he was <i>in the later years -of his life</i>, for it reverts to what he conceived him to have been -back in Kentucky before he had found himself. As evidence -<span class='pageno' id='Page_51'>51</span>of this, it is stated that the sculptor went to Kentucky and -found a man who was, and always had been, a rail-splitter and -nothing else; and he gives it as Lincoln. Those of us who -knew him cannot accept such a substitute.</p> - -<div class='lg-container-r'> - <div class='linegroup'> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>H. N. HIGINBOTHAM.</div> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<div> - <span class='pageno' id='Page_53'>53</span> - <h3 class='c002'>APPENDIX B<br /> <span class='large'>THE POWER OF PERSONALITY</span></h3> -</div> - -<p class='c015'><i>At the Commencement exercises of Lombard College, June -fifth, 1901, Mr. Higinbotham delivered a eulogy in memory -of the Rev. Dr. Otis A. Skinner, whom he called “my exemplar,” -“my ideal of a grand and noble manhood,” “the most splendid -and attractive man I have ever beheld.”</i></p> - -<p class='c008'><i>As this address expresses intimately its author’s philosophy -of life and death, we append the following extracts</i>:</p> - -<p class='c007'>We have been told by a world-famous student and philosopher -that self-sacrifice is the surest means of securing happiness and -repose, that life is only of value through devotion to what is -true and good. But in turning aside at this hour from other -claims upon my time and attention to consider briefly the -power of personality in life, as exemplified in the career of a -good man, it is not so much the spirit of self-sacrifice as it is -the feeling of inadequacy that enters into my task. It is friendship -that interrogates me; it is frankness that will respond. It -is a pleasure to lay a wreath, however simple, upon the grave -of one to whose noble example and beneficent influence I am -largely indebted for any humane endeavor or philanthropic -spirit that has found expression in my life....</p> - -<p class='c008'>On Sunday afternoons it was his custom to go into the country -to preach, and on many of these occasions it was my privilege -<span class='pageno' id='Page_54'>54</span>to accompany him. He talked and thought a great deal about -the happiness of others. He always seemed to be looking for -a soul that he could cheer by loving and thoughtful words. He -knew that no man could live unto God except by living at the -same time unto his fellows.... So this man’s good works -follow him and will be reflected and multiplied in the lives of -others to the end of time....</p> - -<p class='c008'>It is wonderful how indestructibly the good grows and propagates -itself, even among weedy entanglements. Evil things -perish, but the good goes on forever. Music heard from -afar is all harmony; the discordant notes perish by the way and -never reach the ear of the listener....</p> - -<p class='c008'>If men are changed by events and environment, they are -changed much more, either for good or ill, by their fellow-men. -This is the alchemy of influence. We, all of us, are apt to -minimize our power or influence, arguing to ourselves that -what we may say or do is not noticed or observed, and is therefore -of little moment or consequence. There was never a greater -error.</p> - -<p class='c008'>For every good deed of ours the world will be better always. -And perhaps on no day does a man walk the street cheerfully -without meeting some other person who is brightened by his -face, and who unconsciously to himself catches from that look -an ineffable something—an inspiration that gives him new -courage and saves him from a wrong action. Usefulness, after -all, is nobler than fame—so noble, indeed, that man should not -demand a higher reward for his labors under the sun than the -consciousness of having done his neighbor some form of service.</p> - -<p class='c008'>Every person who has lived in the past, who lives in the -present or may hereafter come into being, either has exerted or -will exert some influence for the good or ill of his fellows. Even in -inanimate nature this seems to be the law of existence. The -glacier, that had its beginning when the earth was new, carries -in its icy grasp objects which today tell the story of its course -as plainly as if by written or spoken word. The tree standing -<span class='pageno' id='Page_55'>55</span>by the wayside, barren of either flower or fruit and seemingly -useless, may have a beneficent office. Some tired and lonely -traveler, discouraged and disheartened, resting beneath its -shade, may be lured back to a life of usefulness and happiness -by the song of a bird in its branches. And so it is too in the -animal kingdom. The beasts of the field and the fowls of the -air in divers ways make their impress upon nature and upon all -life.</p> - -<div class='lg-container-b c012'> - <div class='linegroup'> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>“When our souls shall leave this dwelling,</div> - <div class='line'>The glory of one fair and virtuous action</div> - <div class='line'>Is above all the ’scutcheons of our tomb.”</div> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<div> - <span class='pageno' id='Page_57'>57</span> - <h3 class='c002'>APPENDIX C<br /> <span class='large'>THE MAN WHO DID ME A GOOD TURN</span></h3> -</div> - -<div class='nf-center-c0'> -<div class='nf-center c016'> - <div><i>Written by Dr. Frank Crane</i></div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c007'>Is there any feeling quite like that with which you pick up -the Morning Paper?</p> - -<p class='c008'>You yourself, child of mystery, have just come from a brief -visit with Death, in the house of Sleep, and are upon the stoop -of another Day, and when you look at the Paper, it is as if -your hand lay upon the latch that opens the Door of another -Room in that great House of Adventure—Life.</p> - -<p class='c008'>What will you see? Kings fallen? New wonders of strange -lands? Another crime? What new shifting in the kaleidoscope -of Fate?</p> - -<p class='c008'>The other day I read that Harlow N. Higinbotham, sometime -President of the World’s Columbian Exposition, man of -affairs, wealth, business, and philanthropy, had died. At -eighty-two years of age, still active and vigorous, he had fallen -beneath an automobile in the street.</p> - -<p class='c008'>This is not the story of his life. Others will write his biography. -They will tell of his plans, achievements, honors.</p> - -<p class='c008'>But certain men, to you, are types. They are symbols. -Whatever may be their order in the usual chronicle of the world, -to you they stand for a point of sentiment, a mark of an idea.</p> - -<p class='c008'><span class='pageno' id='Page_58'>58</span>Harlow N. Higinbotham will always be to me the concrete -representative and ikon of</p> - -<p class='c008'>“The Man Who Did Me a Good Turn.”</p> - -<p class='c008'>It matters not what it was all about, but once he, wealthy -and busy, stopped his work, left his office and walked with -me, little and unknown, down the street, to do me a favor, for -no reason except that he took a fancy to me.</p> - -<p class='c008'>That was more than twenty years ago. So he is gone now! -I wish I might drop a tear upon his folded hands; perhaps the -Recording Angel, checking up his account, might see it, and -think it was a pearl, and put it to his credit. So only can I -pay my debt.</p> - -<p class='c008'>Reading of his death has set me thinking. How many -persons there are who have done me a Good Turn! Just casual -people, I mean. All kinds. Let me recall. Alas, that my -memory for kindness is so poor!</p> - -<p class='c008'>I cannot understand those who say they owe no man anything. -My days are crowded with undeserved Good Turns. -I shall never pay my debts, if I live a thousand years.</p> - -<p class='c008'>There’s the man who gave me a match, the girl who gave -me a smile, the farmer who gave me a ride, a cobbler in Munich -once mended my shoe and would take no money, a man made -way for me in a crowd to see the parade, a baby once smiled -at me and held out her arms—I would not forget these small -things, little sparkles in the life-stream.</p> - -<p class='c008'>And men have given me a chance, and some have stopped -to praise me, and I have seen the little flame in women’s eyes -as they looked on me, and years ago George Armstrong and -Jo Holmes lent me money when I am sure they did not know -they would ever get it back.</p> - -<p class='c008'>There are others, appearing out of the stranger throng, that -have stood by me, defended my name, spoken out boldly and -called themselves my friends.</p> - -<p class='c008'>Of all these Harlow N. Higinbotham is the type, because my -acquaintance with him was but casual, because he had no -<span class='pageno' id='Page_59'>59</span>reason for his kindness except the human spark, because he -emerged from the multitude, did me his Good Turn, and receded -again into the mist.</p> - -<p class='c008'>Always his strong face, shrewd and understanding, will stand -out from among the sea of human faces in my memory, and -rebuke my dark moods, saying unto me that this world of men -and women is a good place, full of unexpected impulse, not a -vale of tears, but a place of Heart and Humanity.</p> - -<p class='c008'>So, Recording Angel, when the case of this man comes up on -the Day of Judgment, let me bear my testimony.</p> - -<div class='nf-center-c0'> - <div class='nf-center'> - <div><span class='sc'>Harlow N. Higinbotham</span></div> - </div> -</div> - -<div class='lg-container-b c012'> - <div class='linegroup'> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>One of the workers of the world</div> - <div class='line in4'>Living toiled, and toiling died;</div> - <div class='line'>But others worked and the world went on,</div> - <div class='line'>And was not changed when he was gone.</div> - <div class='line'>A strong man stricken, a wide sail furled;</div> - <div class='line in4'>And only a few men sighed.</div> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c008'>Well, I am one of them.</p> - -<div class='figcenter id001'> -<img src='images/i_060.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' /> -<div class='ic002'> -<p><i>Facsimile of ms. page</i><br /><i>Written by Eugene Field.</i></p> -</div> -</div> - -<div> - <span class='pageno' id='Page_61'>61</span> - <h3 class='c002'>APPENDIX D<br /> <span class='large'><i>In a copy of “Echoes from the Sabine Farm,” given to Mr. Higinbotham by Eugene Field we find inscribed, on the fly leaf, the following</i>:</span></h3> -</div> -<p class='c017'>Dear Mr. Higinbotham: I am sending you this book for -several reasons. In the first place, I should like to have it -serve as a token of that sense of pleasure which, in common -with the rest of our townsmen, I feel to have you back in Chicago -after months of absence in foreign lands. Then, again, I am -glad to give you the book because I know that you will regard -it with the appreciative and jealous tenderness which every -author loves to see others bestow upon the creations of his -brain and pen. But above all I am hoping, dear sir, that you -will look upon this gift as a cordial expression (however modest) -of my feeling of indebtedness to you for the goodness you have -shown to me and to my friends for my sake.</p> - -<div class='lg-container-r c013'> - <div class='linegroup'> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>(Signed) EUGENE FIELD.</div> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c014'>Chicago, February, 1892.</p> - -<p class='c014'><i>And in Mr. Field’s hand writing this little poem referring -to Mr. Higinbotham’s return from a three year’s absence in -Europe.</i></p> - -<div class='lg-container-b c012'> - <div class='linegroup'> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line in2'>Pompey, ’tis Fortune gives you back</div> - <div class='line'>To the friends and the gods who love you!</div> - </div> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'> · · · · ·</div> - </div> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line in2'><span class='pageno' id='Page_62'>62</span>Once more you stand in your native land,</div> - <div class='line'>With the stars and stripes above you!</div> - <div class='line in2'>Come, just for once, let’s celebrate</div> - <div class='line'>In the good old way and classic—</div> - <div class='line in2'>Our skins we’ll nard with Fairbank’s lard,</div> - <div class='line'>And soak our souls in Massic!</div> - <div class='line in2'>And when the bill for the same comes in,</div> - <div class='line'>I pray you’ll be so partial</div> - <div class='line in2'>As to charge my share in the costly affair</div> - <div class='line'>To my prosperous cousin Marshall!</div> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<div class='nf-center-c0'> -<div class='nf-center c001'> - <div>RALPH FLETCHER SEYMOUR</div> - <div>DESIGNER—PRINTER</div> - <div>FINE ARTS BLDG., CHICAGO</div> - </div> -</div> - -<div class='pbb'> - <hr class='pb c016' /> -</div> -<div class='tnotes'> - -<div class='section ph2'> - -<div class='nf-center-c0'> -<div class='nf-center c001'> - <div>TRANSCRIBER’S NOTES</div> - </div> -</div> - -</div> - - <ol class='ol_1 c003'> - <li>Silently corrected typographical errors and variations in spelling. - </li> - <li>Archaic, non-standard, and uncertain spellings retained as printed. - </li> - </ol> - -</div> - - - - - - - - -<pre> - - - - - -End of Project Gutenberg's Harlow Niles Higinbotham, by Harriet Monroe - -*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK HARLOW NILES HIGINBOTHAM *** - -***** This file should be named 63558-h.htm or 63558-h.zip ***** -This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: - http://www.gutenberg.org/6/3/5/5/63558/ - -Produced by Richard Tonsing and the Online Distributed -Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This file was -produced from images generously made available by The -Internet Archive) - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will -be renamed. - -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United -States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. 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