diff options
| -rw-r--r-- | .gitattributes | 4 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | LICENSE.txt | 11 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | README.md | 2 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | old/63408-0.txt | 849 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | old/63408-0.zip | bin | 16970 -> 0 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | old/63408-h.zip | bin | 260191 -> 0 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | old/63408-h/63408-h.htm | 1067 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | old/63408-h/images/cover.jpg | bin | 241248 -> 0 bytes |
8 files changed, 17 insertions, 1916 deletions
diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d7b82bc --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitattributes @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +*.txt text eol=lf +*.htm text eol=lf +*.html text eol=lf +*.md text eol=lf diff --git a/LICENSE.txt b/LICENSE.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6312041 --- /dev/null +++ b/LICENSE.txt @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +This eBook, including all associated images, markup, improvements, +metadata, and any other content or labor, has been confirmed to be +in the PUBLIC DOMAIN IN THE UNITED STATES. + +Procedures for determining public domain status are described in +the "Copyright How-To" at https://www.gutenberg.org. + +No investigation has been made concerning possible copyrights in +jurisdictions other than the United States. Anyone seeking to utilize +this eBook outside of the United States should confirm copyright +status under the laws that apply to them. diff --git a/README.md b/README.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..074ccc6 --- /dev/null +++ b/README.md @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +Project Gutenberg (https://www.gutenberg.org) public repository for +eBook #63408 (https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/63408) diff --git a/old/63408-0.txt b/old/63408-0.txt deleted file mode 100644 index 1f035dc..0000000 --- a/old/63408-0.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,849 +0,0 @@ -The Project Gutenberg EBook of Report of the committee appointed to -investigate the causes and extent of, by Committee on Causes and Extent of the Late Extraordinary Sickness and Mortality in the Town - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most -other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of -the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you'll have -to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this ebook. - -Title: Report of the committee appointed to investigate the causes and extent of the late extraordinary sickness and mortality in the town of Mobile - -Author: Committee on Causes and Extent of the Late Extraordinary Sickness and Mortality in the Town - -Release Date: October 8, 2020 [EBook #63408] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: UTF-8 - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK REPORT OF COMMITTEE--MORTALITY--MOBILE *** - - - - -Produced by Richard Tonsing and the Online Distributed -Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This file was -produced from images generously made available by The -Internet Archive) - - - - - - - - - - This ebook (originally published in 1820) was created in honour of - Distributed Proofreaders 20th Anniversary. - - - - - REPORT - OF - THE COMMITTEE -APPOINTED TO INVESTIGATE THE CAUSES AND EXTENT OF THE LATE EXTRAORDINARY - SICKNESS AND MORTALITY - IN THE - TOWN OF MOBILE. - - - PHILADELPHIA: - PUBLISHED BY S. POTTER AND CO. - NO. 55, CHESNUT-STREET. - - 1820. - - - - - B. MIFFLIN, PRINTER. - ------------------------------------------------------------------------- - - - - - REPORT. - - - _The Committee appointed to investigate the causes and extent of the - late extraordinary sickness and mortality in this town_, - - REPORT: - -That they have carefully attended to the duties assigned them, and have -examined all the wharves, the docks, and vessels, the buildings and lots -near the river, as well as in other parts of the town, and find in their -examination numerous local causes, which, under the co-operating -influence of the late season, might, in their opinion, have produced the -fever, independent of the supposition of its foreign importation. - -Some of the most prominent we will mention, and first, the condition of -the wharves, built with hewn timber, closely laid, confining the water -within the outward dimensions of the wharves, and filled up with rotten -logs, bushes, shavings, and other vegetable matter, covered lightly with -swamp mud of earth, presenting to view an immense mass, in the most -noxious state of decay. Two of these wharves, about 450 feet in length, -and 30 to 40 in breadth, were commenced in the spring, and the work of -filling them up with logs, mud, and bushes, was carried on during the -summer, till the storm on the 28th July, and the sickness of the workmen -put a stop to it. They were, however, nearly filled up to the length and -breadth mentioned, and to the depth of four to ten feet, and the surface -of about a third part covered with pieces of swamp marsh, cut in -convenient sizes for the purpose, and marsh mud. When the committee -viewed these wharves, the sight was most disgusting, and the smell so -offensive, that they felt their health endangered by delaying about -them. - -The other wharves, five in number, also deserve a more particular -notice. Three of them appear to be built upon the plan of the former; -and with like materials, two are partly built upon piers, giving a more -wholesome circulation to the water. One was built during the spring and -summer, but chiefly destroyed by the storm of July, the others from one -to four years since, each of them, affording a mass of decaying -vegetable matter, from 200 to 400 feet in length, 25 to 30 in breadth, -and 3 to 10 in depth, covered with a thin layer of earth, or mud. Such a -quantity of noxious materials collected together in a state of decay, -must necessarily produce miasmata, and mortal disease. - -Water street is also observed to be filled up with the same kind of -materials, in many places to the depth of from 4 to 6 feet, and computed -together might afford a mass of such matter, several hundred feet in -length, and fifty in breadth, thinly covered with earth. The lots -adjoining this street, on one side, are found to have been chiefly -filled up with rotten logs, green pine saplings, and pine tops, with a -thin layer of earth, and might comprise more than an acre of ground, -thus filled from one to two feet; and on the water side, the docks are -observed to have been much clogged up with timber, drift logs, and old -boats, which during the low summer tides, and north wind, collected -together in the docks, great quantities of sea-weed, and other filthy -matter, in a state of decay, particularly under the stores standing over -the water. The prevalent north wind, and low tide, during the months of -September and October, left the docks, and a large extent of marsh mud -about them, exposed to the heat of the sun, and the water, variously -obstructed about the docks and wharves, became itself stagnant and -offensive. - -The committee also observe that many old boats, or barges, damaged -during the storm on the 28th July, were suffered to remain filled with -water, as well as the schooners Sally and Piper, at the wharves south of -the fort, during the months of August, September, and October, even to -the time the committee visited them. The water in these boats and -vessels, we scarcely need to add, was in a most putrid and offensive -state. Several lots upon Water street were suffered to remain covered -with stagnant water, filled up with old rotten logs, old casks, bushes, -and, in short, seem to have been receptacles for refuse and offal -substances of every kind. - -The badly constructed foundations of the stores and buildings near the -river, retaining beneath them much unwholesome matter, or stagnant -water, affecting the inhabitants with their deleterious damps and -effluvia, must have proved a fertile source of disease, under the -influence of the late season. - -To these causes we must add, the general condition of the back yards and -enclosures in the town. All the prudential measures of an effective -police seem to have been totally abandoned, and the committee are -compelled to say, that every part of the town presented a striking proof -of the extreme neglect of a large portion of our citizens to the -ordinary duty they owe themselves and their neighbours—that of keeping -their yards and possessions clear from every species of filth, which may -be injurious to health. Ponds of water in various parts of the town were -suffered to remain, undrained after the rains, and became stagnant, thus -affecting the air with poisonous exhalations. Dead animals, heaps of -oyster shells, and other offensive matter, were commonly observed -through the town. Weeds were cut down, and suffered to decay without -removal. A store upon one of the new wharves contained a large quantity -of hides during the months of August and September, and the greater part -of October, in a most offensive state—such an outrage against the health -of the inhabitants is scarcely credible. - -In this general state of the town, succeeded the violent hurricane of -the 28th and 29th of July, from the S. and S. E. which raised the water -to an uncommon height, overflowing all the wharves, and the foundations -of the buildings on Water Street, even to the height of several inches -in many store rooms; leaving, as the water subsided, a vast quantity of -logs, drift wood, sea-weed, and other vegetable matter in the streets -and lots, much of which was there suffered to decay and infect the air. -The docks were clogged up with like materials, and damaged barges and -vessels. No attention whatever seems to have been paid to cleaning the -docks after the storm, to give a free circulation to the water, too much -confined before by the mode of building wharves. - -The committee feel much regret that they are compelled, in discharge of -the duty assigned them, to present such a view of the town anterior to, -and immediately after the storm in July; but the facts were obvious to -all, whether citizens or strangers, and evince an almost unparalleled -indifference in regard to our own health. In such a state of our town, -the most strenuous advocates for foreign importation of the yellow -fever, will surely admit that there existed abundant causes for less -malignant fever. - -But we have to add to the causes enumerated, the potent influence of a -most unprecedented season. The last winter was generally moderate, very -dry, and less severe than usual. The rivers Alabama and Tombecbe -scarcely reached the height of their banks; during the winter, not more -than half the quantity of rain fell. The spring was cool and chilly; in -March, a severe frost, which killed the early garden beans, corn, and -other tender plants.—April, May, and the earlier part of June, afforded -light falls of rain, very seasonable for vegetation: winds generally S. -and S. West. June and July were uniformly hot, greatest heat 92 degrees. -The storm of July 28, terminated a long drought, and deluged the whole -country around; all the lesser rivers and creeks overflowed their banks -to the height of winter floods. From the 28th of July to the 11th of -September it rained without a day’s intermission: and often descended in -torrents. All the neighbouring swamps, and low grounds about the town, -were filled with water to a height unexampled at that season of the -year. The sun at times burst forth with sultry, suffocating heat. The -brick walls, houses, furniture, books, and clothing, all became mouldy, -and the latter required frequent sunning to preserve them from -destruction. - -On the evening of the 10th September, it cleared off, wind N. W. with -hot sun, and so continued for 66 days, to November 16th, the wind -varying from N. W. to N. and N. E.—during the whole of this period, -there was scarcely rain sufficient to lay the dust in the streets: in -November, however, the wind was occasionally S. and S. W.—The effect of -such an unexampled series of weather, such an excessive drought -following a flood of rain, in the month of August, with the influence of -the combined causes afore-mentioned, upon the human constitution, as -exhibited in this town, the committee will carefully relate. During the -previous winter, spring, and summer, to the first of July, the town was -healthy, and no unusual sickness appeared. In the latter part of July, a -number of violent cases of bilious fever occurred among persons -unaccustomed to the climate, and some of a more questionable character. -Several persons employed as workmen, in filling up one of the new -wharves, were taken violently ill, and died after a short illness of two -or three days. About the same time two persons, usually employed about -Dauphin street wharf, were taken in like manner, and died, after a short -illness. A number of carpenters and sailors employed about the wharf -south of the fort, and were much on board the schooner Sally, filled -with stagnant water, and the steam saw-mill, where there was a pond of -like offensive water, were taken with violent fevers, and several of -them died; but as the physicians who attended all the persons alluded -to, are dead, the particular symptoms of the fever cannot be well -ascertained. It is, however, known, that Dr. Lawton, one of the -attending physicians, spoke of these cases as malignant fever. Soon -after these cases occurred, Snyder, an engineer, at work on a -steam-boat, at the same wharf, died with violent symptoms of fever, -after an illness of five days. Plank, who attended Snyder, and employed -at the same place, and a Dutch servant boy, who lived in the house where -Snyder died, were a few days after taken with like symptoms of fever, -and died on the third or fourth day. All these cases, were, by the -attending physicians, (now dead) declared cases of yellow fever, and it -is in evidence to the committee that they died with _black vomit_. -Snyder died on the 7th August, and Plank on the 9th, several other cases -occurred about the same time among the workmen, at one of the new -wharves, and terminated fatally, after a short illness. At the two -wharves mentioned, the first unequivocal cases of the yellow fever made -their appearance, and about the same time, other cases occurred, which -terminated fatally, with persons usually about the stores, near the -wharves and river, about the same period. A young man of the name of -Carson died on the 26th August, after an illness of 48 hours, with -unequivocal symptoms of yellow fever, he occupied a store near the river -and the wharves. Ellsworth died on the 5th September, after an illness -of about 48 hours, and 17 days after the arrival of the sloop Patriot, -from the Havanna, in which he came passenger from that place. He also -occupied a store near the river and wharves. - -But as there are persons who strenuously maintain an opinion that the -fever was imported into this town from the Havanna, in the above named -vessel, the committee have given the subject diligent attention, and -have examined a number of persons, and taken their examinations in -writing, particularly the officer of the customs, who first visited the -vessel, and a sailor, who was on board the vessel during the voyage. The -vessel arrived at the wharf, direct from sea, on the 19th of August, -after a passage of 15 days from Havanna. The officer states that “he was -the first person on board the Patriot after her arrival—that he examined -her cabin, hold, and cargo—that the cabin and hold of the vessel -appeared, from any thing he could discover, in a pure and wholesome -state. Sixteen bags of coffee, however, were wet, and considerably -damaged, and some fruit rotten; the rest of the cargo in good order—that -he attended the unlading of the cargo three days: the master, -passengers, and crew appeared to be in good health, excepting Graham, a -seaman, and the cook, who appeared to have had a fever—Graham was able -to do duty on board—the cook not much unwell—that the vessels which -arrived at Mobile during the months of June, July, and August, were -generally healthy—no vessel, except the Patriot, arrived from a West -Indian port. The schooner M’Donough arrived the 17th of July, from -Nassau, N. P.” He further states that “he took care of Snyder and Plank -during their illness, and assisted in burying them—that the attending -physicians, Lawton and Robinson, pronounced their disease _yellow -fever_, both before and after their deaths—that they both died with -_black vomit_ on the third or fourth day.” - -Graham, the seaman, states that “he shipped on board said sloop at -New-Orleans, and was on board when she sailed from Mobile—nine persons -were on board outward, four of which were passengers, one passenger died -at the Havanna three days after he arrived—had seven passengers on board -when the vessel left Havanna—no person unwell when they left there, or -during the voyage, excepting the cook and himself—the cook was sick all -the time he was on board—was himself sick at Havanna, and went on board -unwell—thinks he had not a malignant fever—took no medicine—had none on -board—and that the passengers knew his situation when they came on -board.” - -From the most diligent enquiry in regard to the state of the town, and -the cases of fever, which had existed before the arrival of the Patriot, -the condition of that vessel, the passengers and crew, as well as the -vessels which arrived from New Orleans and elsewhere, the committee are -constrained to express their decided conviction, that the malignant -fever which so recently afflicted our town, originated in the numerous -causes they have mentioned, favoured by the destructive effects of the -storm and the subsequent season. The effects of the change of weather on -the 10th of September, were very obvious to all. In a few days after the -wind changed to the northward, with a clear sky and hot sun, the fever -made its appearance in different parts of the town in all its fearful, -deadly type. On the 16th, 17th, and 18th, _thirty_ persons are reported -to have died. Alarm spread through the town, and those who could -conveniently, left it. Many, however, remained, and those of the poorer -class of people, who either lived in small, crowded, filthy dwellings, -or even without any, frequenting the grog-shops near the wharves, -lodging under the market-house, or other places exposed to the damps and -vapours of the night. In addition to these circumstances, many of them -were intemperate. Among this class of people, which embraces nearly all -those who arrived in town from the public works on Mobile bay, the fever -was observed to be dreadfully mortal—almost all of them died. Of more -than a hundred discharged at those works, who came to Mobile, it is -believed that very few are alive. At certain places in town, there was a -continual succession of these people arriving, and passing to the grave. -Regardless, through intemperance, of all the usual cautions for the -preservation of health—they were often crowded into rooms with the dying -and the dead, till they became themselves the victims of their temerity. -We cannot doubt that this class of people greatly increased and spread -the disease. The old cloaths, bedding, and such like articles, belonging -to them were, after their death, thrown into the streets, or back yards, -and there suffered to remain to infect the air with their poisonous -effluvia. - -The want of proper attention, nursing, and nourishment, to the sick -(which could by no means be had) was a cause, ever to be lamented, of -the great mortality attending the disease. - -Medical aid, also, was often neglected till the disease had made a -mortal progress beyond the power of medicine. In many cases medical aid -could not be obtained when desired. Several of the physicians themselves -were sick, and the others unable to attend the numerous calls for their -assistance—hence, many perished without medicine, or physician. - -The building used for a hospital for the poor was in the centre of the -town, and probably contributed to spread wider the disease, and increase -its malignity. _Fear_ in many instances was observed to produce most -unfortunate effects upon the patient, and defeated the intended -operations of medicine.—Some, in dreadful apprehension of the disease, -seemed to abandon hope of life, and sunk in death. - -With all these causes for the increased prevalence and mortality of the -fever, it plainly exhibited in its progress and various symptoms, the -most malignant character. The number of those who recovered from an -attack, between the 15th September, and 10th October, the period of its -greatest prevalence, was small; though the number cannot be ascertained. -After the latter period, as cooler weather advanced, the disease assumed -a milder character, and more frequently yielded to the powers of -medicine. - -In its type and symptoms it seems to have exhibited no peculiar -characteristic marks or effects to distinguish it from the yellow fever -of other seasons and places, as described by physicians; unless it be -the greater mortality which attended it, and that is believed to be -justly attributed to the causes already mentioned. Patients died -commonly in one, three, or five days after taken, with all the symptoms -of decided yellow fever. In the character of the disease, all the -physicians agreed, but different methods of treating it were practised. - -The committee find difficulty in ascertaining “the extent of the -sickness and mortality” with arithmetical exactness; although four of -their number were continually in town, during the prevalence of the -fever, and two others a considerable portion of the time. For a while -the disease seemed to be mostly confined to those employed about the -river and wharves, but in a few days after the prevalence of north wind, -and clear, hot sun, (September 10th,) it spread rapidly thro’ the whole -town, and from that date seems to have affected the Creole inhabitants, -people of colour, and even slaves. It is also noticed to have been -equally mortal with the female, as the male population; though the -former might be supposed less exposed to the influence of the general -causes of the disease, but they were, perhaps, oftentimes more exposed -to the fever in their immediate attendance on the sick. The number of -deaths from the first August to the tenth September, embracing every -description of people, was estimated by the physician who attended the -hospital, and the greatest number of the poor, and was probably better -informed on the subject than any other person, at an average of one a -day—forty souls. This may be nearly correct: and of this number it is -ascertained that only nine were inhabitants of the town, or embraced in -any estimate of our population. These persons are known to have died of -various diseases incident to the climate, excepting five or six—who are -supposed to have died of yellow fever. After the above period, the fever -assumed the predominant type, and spread death and dismay. From the -tenth of September to the termination of the fever in November, 113 -died, (four not of fever;) making the number of our inhabitants, who -probably died of the malignant fever, 115. From July first to December -first, the total number of deaths, including those who died out of town, -and those who died by casualties, was 137. The number of boatmen, -sailors, and workmen discharged from the public works, and transient -persons, who died at Mobile, during the latter period named, is -supposed, from the best information that can be obtained, to have -equalled that of the inhabitants, giving a total of 274. - -But to give an adequate idea of “the extent of the sickness and -mortality,” it seems necessary to notice the population of the town at -different periods of its prevalence; and here we must necessarily resort -to conjectural estimates. In the month of July, the resident population -of the town is estimated at 1,300 souls, and on the tenth September, -800, which were, in a few days after the known prevalence of yellow -fever, reduced to 500, and it is to be remarked that a considerable -portion of these were in the suburbs of the town, where the fever did -not prevail. - -But in a proportional view of the mortality to the population, exposed -to the disease, the number of our citizens who died of other diseases -antecedent to the prevalence of the fever, boatmen, sailors, and other -transient persons are to be deducted, which would shew the loss of our -inhabitants by the recent fever to be 115: and affords a proof of its -dreadful malignity. - -It was observed that the suburbs of the town, at no greater distance -than one mile from the river, were as healthy, during the prevalence of -the fever, as more distant parts of the country; and it is not known -that the disease was communicated, in any instance, to persons out of -the town, by the removal and attendance of the sick. Hence we infer that -the disease is only communicable in the atmosphere where it originated; -and even there, some pre-disposing causes appear to have been -necessarily existing, as a number of persons frequently in rooms with -the sick, the dying and the dead, in circumstances of the greatest -exposure, never took the fever. - -Some remarks upon the general state of the country around, in regard to -sickness or health, being intimately connected with this subject, as -influenced by general and common causes, may not be deemed improper. At -New-Orleans, Baton-Rouge, Natchez, and perhaps, generally upon the -Mississippi, as high as the latter place, the same species of fever -seems to have prevailed with great mortality. Natchez and New-Orleans, -it is understood, have suffered beyond any former examples; and in fact, -almost all our cities upon the sea coast, from Maine to Louisiana, -appear to have suffered in a greater or less degree from the same -species of fever; though they were favoured by a long established and -well regulated police. - -In the interior of the country, upon the waters of the Tombecbe and -Alabama, the sickness and mortality was greater than was ever known -before. At St. Stephens, Jackson, Fort Claiborne, and other places on -those rivers, bilious fevers, of the worst grade prevailed; and in many -instances we are warranted in saying, that in type and symptoms it -differed little from the fever, which prevailed in this town. - -The season has been a very uncommon one, and has produced as uncommon -effects; and wherever it has operated upon local causes, it appears to -have produced malignant fevers. In the town of Mobile,[1] art and labour -could scarcely have combined a more destructive mass, for the production -of malignant fever, under the operation of such a season, than is found -to have been laboriously collected together in filling up lots, streets, -and wharves: and the committee would do injustice to their own feelings, -and their sense of the duty they owe their fellow-citizens, were they to -suppress a warning voice of the danger that yet awaits them: if they be -not zealous and active in removal of the numerous causes of disease, -daily trodden under their feet, daily presented to their view. While -they walk the streets, disease will assail them in every quarter, while -they slumber in their beds, they will breathe the poison of death, until -the yards and enclosures are cleansed—until the streets and wharves are -radically reformed; and then, by the blessing of God, we shall prosper -in health. - - JACOB LUDLOW, } - DAVID RUST, } - H. V. CHAMBERLAIN, } - ADDIN LEWIS, } _Committee._ - DR. MAJOR, } - EDWARD HALL, } - PHILIP M’LOSKEY. } - -Footnote 1: - - Limits of the town—three miles in circumference. - ------------------------------------------------------------------------- - - - - - TRANSCRIBER’S NOTES - - - 1. Silently corrected typographical errors and variations in spelling. - 2. Archaic, non-standard, and uncertain spellings retained as printed. - 3. Enclosed italics font in _underscores_. - - - - - -End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Report of the committee appointed to -investigate the causes and extent of, by Committee on Causes and Extent of the Late Extraordinary Sickness and Mortality in the Town - -*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK REPORT OF COMMITTEE--MORTALITY--MOBILE *** - -***** This file should be named 63408-0.txt or 63408-0.zip ***** -This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: - http://www.gutenberg.org/6/3/4/0/63408/ - -Produced by Richard Tonsing and the Online Distributed -Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This file was -produced from images generously made available by The -Internet Archive) - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will -be renamed. - -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United -States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. Special rules, set forth in the General Terms of Use part -of this license, apply to copying and distributing Project -Gutenberg-tm electronic works to protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm -concept and trademark. Project Gutenberg is a registered trademark, -and may not be used if you charge for the eBooks, unless you receive -specific permission. If you do not charge anything for copies of this -eBook, complying with the rules is very easy. You may use this eBook -for nearly any purpose such as creation of derivative works, reports, -performances and research. They may be modified and printed and given -away--you may do practically ANYTHING in the United States with eBooks -not protected by U.S. copyright law. Redistribution is subject to the -trademark license, especially commercial redistribution. - -START: FULL LICENSE - -THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE -PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK - -To protect the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting the free -distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work -(or any other work associated in any way with the phrase "Project -Gutenberg"), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full -Project Gutenberg-tm License available with this file or online at -www.gutenberg.org/license. - -Section 1. General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project -Gutenberg-tm electronic works - -1.A. By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg-tm -electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to -and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property -(trademark/copyright) agreement. If you do not agree to abide by all -the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or -destroy all copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in your -possession. If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a -Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work and you do not agree to be bound -by the terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the -person or entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph -1.E.8. - -1.B. "Project Gutenberg" is a registered trademark. It may only be -used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who -agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement. There are a few -things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works -even without complying with the full terms of this agreement. See -paragraph 1.C below. There are a lot of things you can do with Project -Gutenberg-tm electronic works if you follow the terms of this -agreement and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg-tm -electronic works. See paragraph 1.E below. - -1.C. The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation ("the -Foundation" or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection -of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works. Nearly all the individual -works in the collection are in the public domain in the United -States. If an individual work is unprotected by copyright law in the -United States and you are located in the United States, we do not -claim a right to prevent you from copying, distributing, performing, -displaying or creating derivative works based on the work as long as -all references to Project Gutenberg are removed. Of course, we hope -that you will support the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting -free access to electronic works by freely sharing Project Gutenberg-tm -works in compliance with the terms of this agreement for keeping the -Project Gutenberg-tm name associated with the work. You can easily -comply with the terms of this agreement by keeping this work in the -same format with its attached full Project Gutenberg-tm License when -you share it without charge with others. - -1.D. The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern -what you can do with this work. Copyright laws in most countries are -in a constant state of change. If you are outside the United States, -check the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this -agreement before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, -distributing or creating derivative works based on this work or any -other Project Gutenberg-tm work. The Foundation makes no -representations concerning the copyright status of any work in any -country outside the United States. - -1.E. Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg: - -1.E.1. The following sentence, with active links to, or other -immediate access to, the full Project Gutenberg-tm License must appear -prominently whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg-tm work (any work -on which the phrase "Project Gutenberg" appears, or with which the -phrase "Project Gutenberg" is associated) is accessed, displayed, -performed, viewed, copied or distributed: - - This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and - most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no - restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it - under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this - eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the - United States, you'll have to check the laws of the country where you - are located before using this ebook. - -1.E.2. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is -derived from texts not protected by U.S. copyright law (does not -contain a notice indicating that it is posted with permission of the -copyright holder), the work can be copied and distributed to anyone in -the United States without paying any fees or charges. If you are -redistributing or providing access to a work with the phrase "Project -Gutenberg" associated with or appearing on the work, you must comply -either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 or -obtain permission for the use of the work and the Project Gutenberg-tm -trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or 1.E.9. - -1.E.3. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is posted -with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution -must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any -additional terms imposed by the copyright holder. Additional terms -will be linked to the Project Gutenberg-tm License for all works -posted with the permission of the copyright holder found at the -beginning of this work. - -1.E.4. Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg-tm -License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this -work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg-tm. - -1.E.5. Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this -electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without -prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with -active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project -Gutenberg-tm License. - -1.E.6. You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary, -compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including -any word processing or hypertext form. However, if you provide access -to or distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg-tm work in a format -other than "Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other format used in the official -version posted on the official Project Gutenberg-tm web site -(www.gutenberg.org), you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense -to the user, provide a copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means -of obtaining a copy upon request, of the work in its original "Plain -Vanilla ASCII" or other form. Any alternate format must include the -full Project Gutenberg-tm License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1. - -1.E.7. Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying, -performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg-tm works -unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9. - -1.E.8. You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing -access to or distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works -provided that - -* You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from - the use of Project Gutenberg-tm works calculated using the method - you already use to calculate your applicable taxes. The fee is owed - to the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark, but he has - agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the Project - Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation. Royalty payments must be paid - within 60 days following each date on which you prepare (or are - legally required to prepare) your periodic tax returns. Royalty - payments should be clearly marked as such and sent to the Project - Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the address specified in - Section 4, "Information about donations to the Project Gutenberg - Literary Archive Foundation." - -* You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies - you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he - does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg-tm - License. You must require such a user to return or destroy all - copies of the works possessed in a physical medium and discontinue - all use of and all access to other copies of Project Gutenberg-tm - works. - -* You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of - any money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the - electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days of - receipt of the work. - -* You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free - distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm works. - -1.E.9. If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project -Gutenberg-tm electronic work or group of works on different terms than -are set forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing -from both the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and The -Project Gutenberg Trademark LLC, the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm -trademark. Contact the Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below. - -1.F. - -1.F.1. Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable -effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread -works not protected by U.S. copyright law in creating the Project -Gutenberg-tm collection. Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg-tm -electronic works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may -contain "Defects," such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate -or corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other -intellectual property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or -other medium, a computer virus, or computer codes that damage or -cannot be read by your equipment. - -1.F.2. LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the "Right -of Replacement or Refund" described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project -Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project -Gutenberg-tm trademark, and any other party distributing a Project -Gutenberg-tm electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all -liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal -fees. YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT -LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE -PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH 1.F.3. YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE -TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE -LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR -INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH -DAMAGE. - -1.F.3. LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a -defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can -receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a -written explanation to the person you received the work from. If you -received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium -with your written explanation. The person or entity that provided you -with the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in -lieu of a refund. If you received the work electronically, the person -or entity providing it to you may choose to give you a second -opportunity to receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund. If -the second copy is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing -without further opportunities to fix the problem. - -1.F.4. Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth -in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you 'AS-IS', WITH NO -OTHER WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT -LIMITED TO WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE. - -1.F.5. Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied -warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of -damages. If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement -violates the law of the state applicable to this agreement, the -agreement shall be interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or -limitation permitted by the applicable state law. The invalidity or -unenforceability of any provision of this agreement shall not void the -remaining provisions. - -1.F.6. INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the -trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone -providing copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in -accordance with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the -production, promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm -electronic works, harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, -including legal fees, that arise directly or indirectly from any of -the following which you do or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this -or any Project Gutenberg-tm work, (b) alteration, modification, or -additions or deletions to any Project Gutenberg-tm work, and (c) any -Defect you cause. - -Section 2. Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg-tm - -Project Gutenberg-tm is synonymous with the free distribution of -electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of -computers including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers. It -exists because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations -from people in all walks of life. - -Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the -assistance they need are critical to reaching Project Gutenberg-tm's -goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg-tm collection will -remain freely available for generations to come. In 2001, the Project -Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure -and permanent future for Project Gutenberg-tm and future -generations. To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary -Archive Foundation and how your efforts and donations can help, see -Sections 3 and 4 and the Foundation information page at -www.gutenberg.org - - - -Section 3. Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation - -The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non profit -501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the -state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal -Revenue Service. The Foundation's EIN or federal tax identification -number is 64-6221541. Contributions to the Project Gutenberg Literary -Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent permitted by -U.S. federal laws and your state's laws. - -The Foundation's principal office is in Fairbanks, Alaska, with the -mailing address: PO Box 750175, Fairbanks, AK 99775, but its -volunteers and employees are scattered throughout numerous -locations. Its business office is located at 809 North 1500 West, Salt -Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887. Email contact links and up to -date contact information can be found at the Foundation's web site and -official page at www.gutenberg.org/contact - -For additional contact information: - - Dr. Gregory B. Newby - Chief Executive and Director - gbnewby@pglaf.org - -Section 4. Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg -Literary Archive Foundation - -Project Gutenberg-tm depends upon and cannot survive without wide -spread public support and donations to carry out its mission of -increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be -freely distributed in machine readable form accessible by the widest -array of equipment including outdated equipment. Many small donations -($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt -status with the IRS. - -The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating -charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United -States. Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a -considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up -with these requirements. We do not solicit donations in locations -where we have not received written confirmation of compliance. To SEND -DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any particular -state visit www.gutenberg.org/donate - -While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we -have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition -against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who -approach us with offers to donate. - -International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make -any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from -outside the United States. U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff. - -Please check the Project Gutenberg Web pages for current donation -methods and addresses. Donations are accepted in a number of other -ways including checks, online payments and credit card donations. To -donate, please visit: www.gutenberg.org/donate - -Section 5. General Information About Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works. - -Professor Michael S. Hart was the originator of the Project -Gutenberg-tm concept of a library of electronic works that could be -freely shared with anyone. For forty years, he produced and -distributed Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks with only a loose network of -volunteer support. - -Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks are often created from several printed -editions, all of which are confirmed as not protected by copyright in -the U.S. unless a copyright notice is included. Thus, we do not -necessarily keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper -edition. - -Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search -facility: www.gutenberg.org - -This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm, -including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary -Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to -subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks. - diff --git a/old/63408-0.zip b/old/63408-0.zip Binary files differdeleted file mode 100644 index 9378792..0000000 --- a/old/63408-0.zip +++ /dev/null diff --git a/old/63408-h.zip b/old/63408-h.zip Binary files differdeleted file mode 100644 index 7f5972e..0000000 --- a/old/63408-h.zip +++ /dev/null diff --git a/old/63408-h/63408-h.htm b/old/63408-h/63408-h.htm deleted file mode 100644 index a8abe5c..0000000 --- a/old/63408-h/63408-h.htm +++ /dev/null @@ -1,1067 +0,0 @@ -<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" - "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> -<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en"> - <head> - <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=UTF-8" /> - <title>The Project Gutenberg eBook of Report of the Committee Appointed to Investigate the Causes and Extent of the Late Extraordinary Sickness and Mortality in the Town of Mobile</title> - <link rel="coverpage" href="images/cover.jpg" /> - <style type="text/css"> - body { margin-left: 8%; margin-right: 10%; } - h1 { text-align: center; font-weight: bold; font-size: xx-large; } - h2 { text-align: center; font-weight: bold; font-size: x-large; } - .pageno { right: 1%; font-size: x-small; background-color: inherit; color: silver; - text-indent: 0em; text-align: right; position: absolute; - border: thin solid silver; padding: .1em .2em; font-style: normal; - font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; } - p { text-indent: 0; margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; text-align: justify; } - sup { vertical-align: top; font-size: 0.6em; } - .sc { font-variant: small-caps; } - .large { font-size: large; } - .xlarge { font-size: x-large; } - .small { font-size: small; } - .xsmall { font-size: x-small; } - .color_red { color: red; } - .lg-container-l { text-align: left; } - .x-ebookmaker .lg-container-l { clear: both; } - .lg-container-r { text-align: right; } - .x-ebookmaker .lg-container-r { clear: both; } - .linegroup { display: inline-block; text-align: left; } - .x-ebookmaker .linegroup { display: block; margin-left: 1.5em; } - .linegroup .group { margin: 1em auto; } - .linegroup .line { text-indent: -3em; padding-left: 3em; } - div.linegroup > :first-child { margin-top: 0; } - .ol_1 li {padding-left: 1em; text-indent: -1em; } - ol.ol_1 {padding-left: 0; margin-left: 2.78%; margin-top: .5em; - margin-bottom: .5em; list-style-type: decimal; } - div.footnote > :first-child { margin-top: 1em; } - div.footnote p { text-indent: 1em; margin-top: 0.25em; margin-bottom: 0.25em; } - div.pbb { page-break-before: always; } - hr.pb { border: none; border-bottom: thin solid; margin-bottom: 1em; } - .x-ebookmaker hr.pb { display: none; } - .chapter { clear: both; page-break-before: always; } - .table0 { margin: auto; margin-left: 31%; margin-right: 31%; width: 38%; } - .nf-center { text-align: center; } - .nf-center-c0 { text-align: left; margin: 0.5em 0; } - .c000 { margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; } - .c001 { margin-top: 4em; } - .c002 { page-break-before: always; margin-top: 4em; } - .c003 { margin-top: 2em; } - .c004 { margin-top: 1em; } - .c005 { page-break-before:auto; margin-top: 4em; } - .c006 { margin-left: 5.56%; text-indent: -2.78%; margin-top: 2em; - margin-bottom: 0.5em; } - .c007 { text-indent: 1em; margin-top: 0.25em; margin-bottom: 0.25em; } - .c008 { text-decoration: none; } - .c009 { vertical-align: top; text-align: left; padding-right: 1em; } - .c010 { vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; padding-right: 1em; } - .c011 { font-size: 700%; } - .c012 { vertical-align: middle; text-align: left; } - div.tnotes { padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em;background-color:#E3E4FA; - border:1px solid silver; margin:2em 10% 0 10%; font-family: Georgia, serif; - } - .covernote { visibility: hidden; display: none; } - div.tnotes p { text-align:left; } - .x-ebookmaker .covernote { visibility: visible; display: block; } - .footnote {font-size: .9em; } - div.footnote p {text-indent: 2em; margin-bottom: .5em; } - .chapter,.section { clear: both; page-break-before: always; } - .ol_1 li {font-size: .9em; } - .x-ebookmaker .ol_1 li {padding-left: 1em; text-indent: 0em; } - body {font-family: serif, 'DejaVu Sans'; text-align: justify; } - table {font-size: .9em; padding: 1.5em .5em 1em; page-break-inside: avoid; - clear: both; } - div.titlepage {text-align: center; page-break-before: always; - page-break-after: always; } - div.titlepage p {text-align: center; text-indent: 0em; font-weight: bold; - line-height: 1.5; margin-top: 3em; } - .ph2 { text-indent: 0em; font-weight: bold; font-size: x-large; margin: .75em auto; - page-break-before: always; } - </style> - </head> - <body> - - -<pre> - -The Project Gutenberg EBook of Report of the committee appointed to -investigate the causes and extent of, by Committee on Causes and Extent of the Late Extraordinary Sickness and Mortality in the Town - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most -other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of -the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you'll have -to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this ebook. - -Title: Report of the committee appointed to investigate the causes and extent of the late extraordinary sickness and mortality in the town of Mobile - -Author: Committee on Causes and Extent of the Late Extraordinary Sickness and Mortality in the Town - -Release Date: October 8, 2020 [EBook #63408] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: UTF-8 - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK REPORT OF COMMITTEE--MORTALITY--MOBILE *** - - - - -Produced by Richard Tonsing and the Online Distributed -Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This file was -produced from images generously made available by The -Internet Archive) - - - - - - -</pre> - - -<div class='tnotes covernote'> - -<p class='c000'><b>Transcriber’s Note:</b></p> - -<p class='c000'>The cover image was created by the transcriber and is placed in the public domain.</p> - -</div> - -<div class='section ph2'> - -<div class='nf-center-c0'> -<div class='nf-center c001'> - <div><span class='color_red'>This ebook (originally published in 1820) was created in honour of Distributed Proofreaders 20th Anniversary.</span></div> - </div> -</div> - -</div> -<div class='titlepage'> - -<div> - <h1 class='c002'>REPORT<br /> <span class='small'>OF</span><br /> <span class='xlarge'>THE COMMITTEE</span><br /> <span class='large'>APPOINTED TO INVESTIGATE THE CAUSES AND EXTENT OF THE LATE EXTRAORDINARY</span><br /> <span class='large'>SICKNESS AND MORTALITY</span><br /> <span class='small'>IN THE</span><br /> <span class='xlarge'>TOWN OF MOBILE.</span></h1> -</div> - -<div class='nf-center-c0'> -<div class='nf-center c003'> - <div>PHILADELPHIA:</div> - <div><span class='small'>PUBLISHED BY S. POTTER AND CO.</span></div> - <div><span class='xsmall'>NO. 55, CHESNUT-STREET.</span></div> - <div class='c004'>1820.</div> - </div> -</div> - -</div> - -<div class='lg-container-r c001'> - <div class='linegroup'> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>B. MIFFLIN, PRINTER.</div> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<div class='pbb'> - <hr class='pb c004' /> -</div> -<div class='chapter'> - <span class='pageno' id='Page_3'>3</span> - <h2 class='c005'>REPORT.</h2> -</div> - -<p class='c006'><i>The Committee appointed to investigate the causes and extent -of the late extraordinary sickness and mortality in this town</i>,</p> - -<div class='lg-container-l'> - <div class='linegroup'> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>REPORT:</div> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c007'>That they have carefully attended to the duties assigned -them, and have examined all the wharves, the docks, and vessels, -the buildings and lots near the river, as well as in other -parts of the town, and find in their examination numerous local -causes, which, under the co-operating influence of the late -season, might, in their opinion, have produced the fever, independent -of the supposition of its foreign importation.</p> - -<p class='c007'>Some of the most prominent we will mention, and first, the -condition of the wharves, built with hewn timber, closely laid, -confining the water within the outward dimensions of the -wharves, and filled up with rotten logs, bushes, shavings, and -other vegetable matter, covered lightly with swamp mud of -earth, presenting to view an immense mass, in the most noxious -state of decay. Two of these wharves, about 450 feet in -length, and 30 to 40 in breadth, were commenced in the spring, -and the work of filling them up with logs, mud, and bushes, -was carried on during the summer, till the storm on the 28th -July, and the sickness of the workmen put a stop to it. They -were, however, nearly filled up to the length and breadth mentioned, -and to the depth of four to ten feet, and the surface of -about a third part covered with pieces of swamp marsh, cut -in convenient sizes for the purpose, and marsh mud. When -the committee viewed these wharves, the sight was most disgusting, -and the smell so offensive, that they felt their health -endangered by delaying about them.</p> - -<p class='c007'>The other wharves, five in number, also deserve a more -particular notice. Three of them appear to be built upon the -plan of the former; and with like materials, two are partly -built upon piers, giving a more wholesome circulation to the -water. One was built during the spring and summer, but -chiefly destroyed by the storm of July, the others from one to -four years since, each of them, affording a mass of decaying -vegetable matter, from 200 to 400 feet in length, 25 to 30 in -breadth, and 3 to 10 in depth, covered with a thin layer of earth, -<span class='pageno' id='Page_4'>4</span>or mud. Such a quantity of noxious materials collected together -in a state of decay, must necessarily produce miasmata, -and mortal disease.</p> - -<p class='c007'>Water street is also observed to be filled up with the same -kind of materials, in many places to the depth of from 4 to 6 -feet, and computed together might afford a mass of such matter, -several hundred feet in length, and fifty in breadth, thinly -covered with earth. The lots adjoining this street, on one -side, are found to have been chiefly filled up with rotten logs, -green pine saplings, and pine tops, with a thin layer of earth, -and might comprise more than an acre of ground, thus filled -from one to two feet; and on the water side, the docks are observed -to have been much clogged up with timber, drift logs, -and old boats, which during the low summer tides, and north -wind, collected together in the docks, great quantities of sea-weed, -and other filthy matter, in a state of decay, particularly -under the stores standing over the water. The prevalent -north wind, and low tide, during the months of September and -October, left the docks, and a large extent of marsh mud -about them, exposed to the heat of the sun, and the water, variously -obstructed about the docks and wharves, became itself -stagnant and offensive.</p> - -<p class='c007'>The committee also observe that many old boats, or barges, -damaged during the storm on the 28th July, were suffered to -remain filled with water, as well as the schooners Sally and -Piper, at the wharves south of the fort, during the months of -August, September, and October, even to the time the committee -visited them. The water in these boats and vessels, -we scarcely need to add, was in a most putrid and offensive -state. Several lots upon Water street were suffered to remain -covered with stagnant water, filled up with old rotten -logs, old casks, bushes, and, in short, seem to have been receptacles -for refuse and offal substances of every kind.</p> - -<p class='c007'>The badly constructed foundations of the stores and buildings -near the river, retaining beneath them much unwholesome -matter, or stagnant water, affecting the inhabitants with -their deleterious damps and effluvia, must have proved a fertile -source of disease, under the influence of the late season.</p> - -<p class='c007'>To these causes we must add, the general condition of the -back yards and enclosures in the town. All the prudential -measures of an effective police seem to have been totally abandoned, -and the committee are compelled to say, that every -part of the town presented a striking proof of the extreme -neglect of a large portion of our citizens to the ordinary duty -they owe themselves and their neighbours—that of keeping -<span class='pageno' id='Page_5'>5</span>their yards and possessions clear from every species of filth, -which may be injurious to health. Ponds of water in various -parts of the town were suffered to remain, undrained after the -rains, and became stagnant, thus affecting the air with poisonous -exhalations. Dead animals, heaps of oyster shells, and -other offensive matter, were commonly observed through the -town. Weeds were cut down, and suffered to decay without -removal. A store upon one of the new wharves contained -a large quantity of hides during the months of August and September, -and the greater part of October, in a most offensive -state—such an outrage against the health of the inhabitants is -scarcely credible.</p> - -<p class='c007'>In this general state of the town, succeeded the violent hurricane -of the 28th and 29th of July, from the S. and S. E. which -raised the water to an uncommon height, overflowing all the -wharves, and the foundations of the buildings on Water Street, -even to the height of several inches in many store rooms; -leaving, as the water subsided, a vast quantity of logs, drift -wood, sea-weed, and other vegetable matter in the streets and -lots, much of which was there suffered to decay and infect the -air. The docks were clogged up with like materials, and damaged -barges and vessels. No attention whatever seems to -have been paid to cleaning the docks after the storm, to give a -free circulation to the water, too much confined before by the -mode of building wharves.</p> - -<p class='c007'>The committee feel much regret that they are compelled, -in discharge of the duty assigned them, to present such a view -of the town anterior to, and immediately after the storm in July; -but the facts were obvious to all, whether citizens or strangers, -and evince an almost unparalleled indifference in regard to our -own health. In such a state of our town, the most strenuous -advocates for foreign importation of the yellow fever, will -surely admit that there existed abundant causes for less malignant -fever.</p> - -<p class='c007'>But we have to add to the causes enumerated, the potent influence -of a most unprecedented season. The last winter was -generally moderate, very dry, and less severe than usual. The -rivers Alabama and Tombecbe scarcely reached the height of -their banks; during the winter, not more than half the quantity -of rain fell. The spring was cool and chilly; in March, a severe -frost, which killed the early garden beans, corn, and other -tender plants.—April, May, and the earlier part of June, afforded -light falls of rain, very seasonable for vegetation: winds generally -S. and S. West. June and July were uniformly hot, greatest -heat 92 degrees. The storm of July 28, terminated a long -<span class='pageno' id='Page_6'>6</span>drought, and deluged the whole country around; all the lesser -rivers and creeks overflowed their banks to the height of winter -floods. From the 28th of July to the 11th of September -it rained without a day’s intermission: and often descended in -torrents. All the neighbouring swamps, and low grounds -about the town, were filled with water to a height unexampled -at that season of the year. The sun at times burst forth with -sultry, suffocating heat. The brick walls, houses, furniture, -books, and clothing, all became mouldy, and the latter required -frequent sunning to preserve them from destruction.</p> - -<p class='c007'>On the evening of the 10th September, it cleared off, wind -N. W. with hot sun, and so continued for 66 days, to November -16th, the wind varying from N. W. to N. and N. E.—during -the whole of this period, there was scarcely rain sufficient -to lay the dust in the streets: in November, however, the wind -was occasionally S. and S. W.—The effect of such an unexampled -series of weather, such an excessive drought following -a flood of rain, in the month of August, with the influence of -the combined causes afore-mentioned, upon the human constitution, -as exhibited in this town, the committee will carefully -relate. During the previous winter, spring, and summer, to -the first of July, the town was healthy, and no unusual sickness -appeared. In the latter part of July, a number of violent cases -of bilious fever occurred among persons unaccustomed to the -climate, and some of a more questionable character. Several -persons employed as workmen, in filling up one of the new -wharves, were taken violently ill, and died after a short illness -of two or three days. About the same time two persons, usually -employed about Dauphin street wharf, were taken in like -manner, and died, after a short illness. A number of carpenters -and sailors employed about the wharf south of the fort, and were -much on board the schooner Sally, filled with stagnant water, -and the steam saw-mill, where there was a pond of like offensive -water, were taken with violent fevers, and several of them -died; but as the physicians who attended all the persons alluded -to, are dead, the particular symptoms of the fever cannot -be well ascertained. It is, however, known, that Dr. Lawton, -one of the attending physicians, spoke of these cases as malignant -fever. Soon after these cases occurred, Snyder, an engineer, -at work on a steam-boat, at the same wharf, died with -violent symptoms of fever, after an illness of five days. Plank, -who attended Snyder, and employed at the same place, and a -Dutch servant boy, who lived in the house where Snyder died, -were a few days after taken with like symptoms of fever, and -died on the third or fourth day. All these cases, were, by the -<span class='pageno' id='Page_7'>7</span>attending physicians, (now dead) declared cases of yellow fever, -and it is in evidence to the committee that they died with -<i>black vomit</i>. Snyder died on the 7th August, and Plank on -the 9th, several other cases occurred about the same time -among the workmen, at one of the new wharves, and terminated -fatally, after a short illness. At the two wharves mentioned, -the first unequivocal cases of the yellow fever made their -appearance, and about the same time, other cases occurred, -which terminated fatally, with persons usually about the stores, -near the wharves and river, about the same period. A young -man of the name of Carson died on the 26th August, after an -illness of 48 hours, with unequivocal symptoms of yellow fever, -he occupied a store near the river and the wharves. Ellsworth -died on the 5th September, after an illness of about 48 hours, -and 17 days after the arrival of the sloop Patriot, from the Havanna, -in which he came passenger from that place. He also -occupied a store near the river and wharves.</p> - -<p class='c007'>But as there are persons who strenuously maintain an opinion -that the fever was imported into this town from the Havanna, -in the above named vessel, the committee have given the -subject diligent attention, and have examined a number of -persons, and taken their examinations in writing, particularly -the officer of the customs, who first visited the vessel, and a -sailor, who was on board the vessel during the voyage. The -vessel arrived at the wharf, direct from sea, on the 19th of -August, after a passage of 15 days from Havanna. The officer -states that “he was the first person on board the Patriot after -her arrival—that he examined her cabin, hold, and cargo—that -the cabin and hold of the vessel appeared, from any -thing he could discover, in a pure and wholesome state. Sixteen -bags of coffee, however, were wet, and considerably damaged, -and some fruit rotten; the rest of the cargo in good -order—that he attended the unlading of the cargo three days: -the master, passengers, and crew appeared to be in good -health, excepting Graham, a seaman, and the cook, who appeared -to have had a fever—Graham was able to do duty on -board—the cook not much unwell—that the vessels which arrived -at Mobile during the months of June, July, and August, -were generally healthy—no vessel, except the Patriot, arrived -from a West Indian port. The schooner M’Donough arrived -the 17th of July, from Nassau, N. P.” He further states that -“he took care of Snyder and Plank during their illness, and -assisted in burying them—that the attending physicians, Lawton -and Robinson, pronounced their disease <i>yellow fever</i>, both -<span class='pageno' id='Page_8'>8</span>before and after their deaths—that they both died with <i>black -vomit</i> on the third or fourth day.”</p> - -<p class='c007'>Graham, the seaman, states that “he shipped on board said -sloop at New-Orleans, and was on board when she sailed from -Mobile—nine persons were on board outward, four of which -were passengers, one passenger died at the Havanna three days -after he arrived—had seven passengers on board when the vessel -left Havanna—no person unwell when they left there, or -during the voyage, excepting the cook and himself—the cook -was sick all the time he was on board—was himself sick at Havanna, -and went on board unwell—thinks he had not a malignant -fever—took no medicine—had none on board—and that -the passengers knew his situation when they came on board.”</p> - -<p class='c007'>From the most diligent enquiry in regard to the state of the -town, and the cases of fever, which had existed before the arrival -of the Patriot, the condition of that vessel, the passengers -and crew, as well as the vessels which arrived from New Orleans -and elsewhere, the committee are constrained to express -their decided conviction, that the malignant fever which so recently -afflicted our town, originated in the numerous causes -they have mentioned, favoured by the destructive effects of the -storm and the subsequent season. The effects of the change -of weather on the 10th of September, were very obvious to all. -In a few days after the wind changed to the northward, with -a clear sky and hot sun, the fever made its appearance in different -parts of the town in all its fearful, deadly type. On the -16th, 17th, and 18th, <i>thirty</i> persons are reported to have died. -Alarm spread through the town, and those who could conveniently, -left it. Many, however, remained, and those of the -poorer class of people, who either lived in small, crowded, filthy -dwellings, or even without any, frequenting the grog-shops -near the wharves, lodging under the market-house, or other -places exposed to the damps and vapours of the night. In -addition to these circumstances, many of them were intemperate. -Among this class of people, which embraces nearly all -those who arrived in town from the public works on Mobile -bay, the fever was observed to be dreadfully mortal—almost -all of them died. Of more than a hundred discharged at those -works, who came to Mobile, it is believed that very few are -alive. At certain places in town, there was a continual succession -of these people arriving, and passing to the grave. -Regardless, through intemperance, of all the usual cautions -for the preservation of health—they were often crowded into -rooms with the dying and the dead, till they became themselves -<span class='pageno' id='Page_9'>9</span>the victims of their temerity. We cannot doubt that -this class of people greatly increased and spread the disease. -The old cloaths, bedding, and such like articles, belonging to -them were, after their death, thrown into the streets, or back -yards, and there suffered to remain to infect the air with their -poisonous effluvia.</p> - -<p class='c007'>The want of proper attention, nursing, and nourishment, to -the sick (which could by no means be had) was a cause, ever -to be lamented, of the great mortality attending the disease.</p> - -<p class='c007'>Medical aid, also, was often neglected till the disease had -made a mortal progress beyond the power of medicine. In -many cases medical aid could not be obtained when desired. -Several of the physicians themselves were sick, and the others -unable to attend the numerous calls for their assistance—hence, -many perished without medicine, or physician.</p> - -<p class='c007'>The building used for a hospital for the poor was in the centre -of the town, and probably contributed to spread wider the -disease, and increase its malignity. <i>Fear</i> in many instances -was observed to produce most unfortunate effects upon the -patient, and defeated the intended operations of medicine.—Some, -in dreadful apprehension of the disease, seemed to -abandon hope of life, and sunk in death.</p> - -<p class='c007'>With all these causes for the increased prevalence and mortality -of the fever, it plainly exhibited in its progress and various -symptoms, the most malignant character. The number -of those who recovered from an attack, between the 15th September, -and 10th October, the period of its greatest prevalence, -was small; though the number cannot be ascertained. -After the latter period, as cooler weather advanced, the disease -assumed a milder character, and more frequently yielded -to the powers of medicine.</p> - -<p class='c007'>In its type and symptoms it seems to have exhibited no peculiar -characteristic marks or effects to distinguish it from the -yellow fever of other seasons and places, as described by physicians; -unless it be the greater mortality which attended it, -and that is believed to be justly attributed to the causes already -mentioned. Patients died commonly in one, three, or five -days after taken, with all the symptoms of decided yellow fever. -In the character of the disease, all the physicians agreed, -but different methods of treating it were practised.</p> - -<p class='c007'>The committee find difficulty in ascertaining “the extent of -the sickness and mortality” with arithmetical exactness; although -four of their number were continually in town, during -the prevalence of the fever, and two others a considerable -portion of the time. For a while the disease seemed to be -<span class='pageno' id='Page_10'>10</span>mostly confined to those employed about the river and -wharves, but in a few days after the prevalence of north wind, -and clear, hot sun, (September 10th,) it spread rapidly thro’ -the whole town, and from that date seems to have affected the -Creole inhabitants, people of colour, and even slaves. It is -also noticed to have been equally mortal with the female, as -the male population; though the former might be supposed -less exposed to the influence of the general causes of the disease, -but they were, perhaps, oftentimes more exposed to the -fever in their immediate attendance on the sick. The number -of deaths from the first August to the tenth September, embracing -every description of people, was estimated by the physician -who attended the hospital, and the greatest number of -the poor, and was probably better informed on the subject than -any other person, at an average of one a day—forty souls. -This may be nearly correct: and of this number it is ascertained -that only nine were inhabitants of the town, or embraced -in any estimate of our population. These persons are known -to have died of various diseases incident to the climate, excepting -five or six—who are supposed to have died of yellow fever. -After the above period, the fever assumed the predominant -type, and spread death and dismay. From the tenth of September -to the termination of the fever in November, 113 died, -(four not of fever;) making the number of our inhabitants, -who probably died of the malignant fever, 115. From July -first to December first, the total number of deaths, including -those who died out of town, and those who died by casualties, -was 137. The number of boatmen, sailors, and workmen discharged -from the public works, and transient persons, who -died at Mobile, during the latter period named, is supposed, -from the best information that can be obtained, to have equalled -that of the inhabitants, giving a total of 274.</p> - -<p class='c007'>But to give an adequate idea of “the extent of the sickness -and mortality,” it seems necessary to notice the population of -the town at different periods of its prevalence; and here we -must necessarily resort to conjectural estimates. In the month -of July, the resident population of the town is estimated at -1,300 souls, and on the tenth September, 800, which were, in -a few days after the known prevalence of yellow fever, reduced -to 500, and it is to be remarked that a considerable portion of -these were in the suburbs of the town, where the fever did not -prevail.</p> - -<p class='c007'>But in a proportional view of the mortality to the population, -exposed to the disease, the number of our citizens who died of -other diseases antecedent to the prevalence of the fever, boatmen, -<span class='pageno' id='Page_11'>11</span>sailors, and other transient persons are to be deducted, -which would shew the loss of our inhabitants by the recent fever -to be 115: and affords a proof of its dreadful malignity.</p> - -<p class='c007'>It was observed that the suburbs of the town, at no greater -distance than one mile from the river, were as healthy, during -the prevalence of the fever, as more distant parts of the country; -and it is not known that the disease was communicated, in -any instance, to persons out of the town, by the removal and -attendance of the sick. Hence we infer that the disease is only -communicable in the atmosphere where it originated; and -even there, some pre-disposing causes appear to have been necessarily -existing, as a number of persons frequently in rooms -with the sick, the dying and the dead, in circumstances of the -greatest exposure, never took the fever.</p> - -<p class='c007'>Some remarks upon the general state of the country around, -in regard to sickness or health, being intimately connected -with this subject, as influenced by general and common causes, -may not be deemed improper. At New-Orleans, Baton-Rouge, -Natchez, and perhaps, generally upon the Mississippi, -as high as the latter place, the same species of fever seems -to have prevailed with great mortality. Natchez and New-Orleans, -it is understood, have suffered beyond any former examples; -and in fact, almost all our cities upon the sea coast, -from Maine to Louisiana, appear to have suffered in a greater -or less degree from the same species of fever; though they -were favoured by a long established and well regulated police.</p> - -<p class='c007'>In the interior of the country, upon the waters of the Tombecbe -and Alabama, the sickness and mortality was greater -than was ever known before. At St. Stephens, Jackson, Fort -Claiborne, and other places on those rivers, bilious fevers, of -the worst grade prevailed; and in many instances we are warranted -in saying, that in type and symptoms it differed little -from the fever, which prevailed in this town.</p> - -<p class='c007'>The season has been a very uncommon one, and has produced -as uncommon effects; and wherever it has operated upon -local causes, it appears to have produced malignant fevers. In -the town of Mobile,<a id='r1' /><a href='#f1' class='c008'><sup>[1]</sup></a> art and labour could scarcely have combined -a more destructive mass, for the production of malignant -fever, under the operation of such a season, than is found -to have been laboriously collected together in filling up lots, -streets, and wharves: and the committee would do injustice -to their own feelings, and their sense of the duty they owe their -<span class='pageno' id='Page_12'>12</span>fellow-citizens, were they to suppress a warning voice of the -danger that yet awaits them: if they be not zealous and active -in removal of the numerous causes of disease, daily trodden -under their feet, daily presented to their view. While they -walk the streets, disease will assail them in every quarter, -while they slumber in their beds, they will breathe the poison -of death, until the yards and enclosures are cleansed—until -the streets and wharves are radically reformed; and then, by -the blessing of God, we shall prosper in health.</p> - -<table class='table0' summary='signed'> -<colgroup> -<col width='52%' /> -<col width='4%' /> -<col width='43%' /> -</colgroup> - <tr> - <td class='c009'>JACOB LUDLOW,</td> - <td class='c010' rowspan='7'><span class='c011'>}</span></td> - <td class='c012' rowspan='7'><i>Committee.</i></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c009'>DAVID RUST,</td> - - - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c009'>H. V. CHAMBERLAIN,</td> - - - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c009'>ADDIN LEWIS,</td> - - - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c009'><span class='sc'>Dr.</span> MAJOR,</td> - - - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c009'>EDWARD HALL,</td> - - - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c009'>PHILIP M’LOSKEY.</td> - - - </tr> -</table> - -<div class='footnote' id='f1'> -<p class='c007'><a href='#r1'>1</a>. Limits of the town—three miles in circumference.</p> -</div> - -<div class='pbb'> - <hr class='pb c004' /> -</div> -<div class='tnotes'> - -<div class='section ph2'> - -<div class='nf-center-c0'> -<div class='nf-center c001'> - <div>TRANSCRIBER’S NOTES</div> - </div> -</div> - -</div> - - <ol class='ol_1 c003'> - <li>Silently corrected typographical errors and variations in spelling. - - </li> - <li>Archaic, non-standard, and uncertain spellings retained as printed. - </li> - </ol> - -</div> - - - - - - - - -<pre> - - - - - -End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Report of the committee appointed to -investigate the causes and extent of, by Committee on Causes and Extent of the Late Extraordinary Sickness and Mortality in the Town - -*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK REPORT OF COMMITTEE--MORTALITY--MOBILE *** - -***** This file should be named 63408-h.htm or 63408-h.zip ***** -This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: - http://www.gutenberg.org/6/3/4/0/63408/ - -Produced by Richard Tonsing and the Online Distributed -Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This file was -produced from images generously made available by The -Internet Archive) - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will -be renamed. - -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United -States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. Special rules, set forth in the General Terms of Use part -of this license, apply to copying and distributing Project -Gutenberg-tm electronic works to protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm -concept and trademark. Project Gutenberg is a registered trademark, -and may not be used if you charge for the eBooks, unless you receive -specific permission. If you do not charge anything for copies of this -eBook, complying with the rules is very easy. You may use this eBook -for nearly any purpose such as creation of derivative works, reports, -performances and research. They may be modified and printed and given -away--you may do practically ANYTHING in the United States with eBooks -not protected by U.S. copyright law. Redistribution is subject to the -trademark license, especially commercial redistribution. - -START: FULL LICENSE - -THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE -PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK - -To protect the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting the free -distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work -(or any other work associated in any way with the phrase "Project -Gutenberg"), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full -Project Gutenberg-tm License available with this file or online at -www.gutenberg.org/license. - -Section 1. General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project -Gutenberg-tm electronic works - -1.A. By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg-tm -electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to -and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property -(trademark/copyright) agreement. If you do not agree to abide by all -the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or -destroy all copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in your -possession. If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a -Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work and you do not agree to be bound -by the terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the -person or entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph -1.E.8. - -1.B. "Project Gutenberg" is a registered trademark. It may only be -used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who -agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement. There are a few -things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works -even without complying with the full terms of this agreement. See -paragraph 1.C below. There are a lot of things you can do with Project -Gutenberg-tm electronic works if you follow the terms of this -agreement and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg-tm -electronic works. See paragraph 1.E below. - -1.C. The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation ("the -Foundation" or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection -of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works. Nearly all the individual -works in the collection are in the public domain in the United -States. If an individual work is unprotected by copyright law in the -United States and you are located in the United States, we do not -claim a right to prevent you from copying, distributing, performing, -displaying or creating derivative works based on the work as long as -all references to Project Gutenberg are removed. Of course, we hope -that you will support the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting -free access to electronic works by freely sharing Project Gutenberg-tm -works in compliance with the terms of this agreement for keeping the -Project Gutenberg-tm name associated with the work. You can easily -comply with the terms of this agreement by keeping this work in the -same format with its attached full Project Gutenberg-tm License when -you share it without charge with others. - -1.D. The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern -what you can do with this work. Copyright laws in most countries are -in a constant state of change. If you are outside the United States, -check the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this -agreement before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, -distributing or creating derivative works based on this work or any -other Project Gutenberg-tm work. The Foundation makes no -representations concerning the copyright status of any work in any -country outside the United States. - -1.E. Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg: - -1.E.1. The following sentence, with active links to, or other -immediate access to, the full Project Gutenberg-tm License must appear -prominently whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg-tm work (any work -on which the phrase "Project Gutenberg" appears, or with which the -phrase "Project Gutenberg" is associated) is accessed, displayed, -performed, viewed, copied or distributed: - - This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and - most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no - restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it - under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this - eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the - United States, you'll have to check the laws of the country where you - are located before using this ebook. - -1.E.2. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is -derived from texts not protected by U.S. copyright law (does not -contain a notice indicating that it is posted with permission of the -copyright holder), the work can be copied and distributed to anyone in -the United States without paying any fees or charges. If you are -redistributing or providing access to a work with the phrase "Project -Gutenberg" associated with or appearing on the work, you must comply -either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 or -obtain permission for the use of the work and the Project Gutenberg-tm -trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or 1.E.9. - -1.E.3. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is posted -with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution -must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any -additional terms imposed by the copyright holder. Additional terms -will be linked to the Project Gutenberg-tm License for all works -posted with the permission of the copyright holder found at the -beginning of this work. - -1.E.4. Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg-tm -License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this -work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg-tm. - -1.E.5. Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this -electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without -prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with -active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project -Gutenberg-tm License. - -1.E.6. You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary, -compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including -any word processing or hypertext form. However, if you provide access -to or distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg-tm work in a format -other than "Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other format used in the official -version posted on the official Project Gutenberg-tm web site -(www.gutenberg.org), you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense -to the user, provide a copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means -of obtaining a copy upon request, of the work in its original "Plain -Vanilla ASCII" or other form. Any alternate format must include the -full Project Gutenberg-tm License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1. - -1.E.7. Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying, -performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg-tm works -unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9. - -1.E.8. You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing -access to or distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works -provided that - -* You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from - the use of Project Gutenberg-tm works calculated using the method - you already use to calculate your applicable taxes. The fee is owed - to the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark, but he has - agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the Project - Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation. Royalty payments must be paid - within 60 days following each date on which you prepare (or are - legally required to prepare) your periodic tax returns. Royalty - payments should be clearly marked as such and sent to the Project - Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the address specified in - Section 4, "Information about donations to the Project Gutenberg - Literary Archive Foundation." - -* You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies - you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he - does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg-tm - License. You must require such a user to return or destroy all - copies of the works possessed in a physical medium and discontinue - all use of and all access to other copies of Project Gutenberg-tm - works. - -* You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of - any money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the - electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days of - receipt of the work. - -* You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free - distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm works. - -1.E.9. If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project -Gutenberg-tm electronic work or group of works on different terms than -are set forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing -from both the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and The -Project Gutenberg Trademark LLC, the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm -trademark. Contact the Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below. - -1.F. - -1.F.1. Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable -effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread -works not protected by U.S. copyright law in creating the Project -Gutenberg-tm collection. Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg-tm -electronic works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may -contain "Defects," such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate -or corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other -intellectual property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or -other medium, a computer virus, or computer codes that damage or -cannot be read by your equipment. - -1.F.2. LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the "Right -of Replacement or Refund" described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project -Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project -Gutenberg-tm trademark, and any other party distributing a Project -Gutenberg-tm electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all -liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal -fees. YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT -LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE -PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH 1.F.3. YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE -TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE -LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR -INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH -DAMAGE. - -1.F.3. LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a -defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can -receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a -written explanation to the person you received the work from. If you -received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium -with your written explanation. The person or entity that provided you -with the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in -lieu of a refund. If you received the work electronically, the person -or entity providing it to you may choose to give you a second -opportunity to receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund. If -the second copy is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing -without further opportunities to fix the problem. - -1.F.4. Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth -in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you 'AS-IS', WITH NO -OTHER WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT -LIMITED TO WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE. - -1.F.5. Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied -warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of -damages. If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement -violates the law of the state applicable to this agreement, the -agreement shall be interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or -limitation permitted by the applicable state law. The invalidity or -unenforceability of any provision of this agreement shall not void the -remaining provisions. - -1.F.6. INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the -trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone -providing copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in -accordance with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the -production, promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm -electronic works, harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, -including legal fees, that arise directly or indirectly from any of -the following which you do or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this -or any Project Gutenberg-tm work, (b) alteration, modification, or -additions or deletions to any Project Gutenberg-tm work, and (c) any -Defect you cause. - -Section 2. Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg-tm - -Project Gutenberg-tm is synonymous with the free distribution of -electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of -computers including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers. It -exists because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations -from people in all walks of life. - -Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the -assistance they need are critical to reaching Project Gutenberg-tm's -goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg-tm collection will -remain freely available for generations to come. In 2001, the Project -Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure -and permanent future for Project Gutenberg-tm and future -generations. To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary -Archive Foundation and how your efforts and donations can help, see -Sections 3 and 4 and the Foundation information page at -www.gutenberg.org - - - -Section 3. Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation - -The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non profit -501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the -state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal -Revenue Service. The Foundation's EIN or federal tax identification -number is 64-6221541. Contributions to the Project Gutenberg Literary -Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent permitted by -U.S. federal laws and your state's laws. - -The Foundation's principal office is in Fairbanks, Alaska, with the -mailing address: PO Box 750175, Fairbanks, AK 99775, but its -volunteers and employees are scattered throughout numerous -locations. Its business office is located at 809 North 1500 West, Salt -Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887. Email contact links and up to -date contact information can be found at the Foundation's web site and -official page at www.gutenberg.org/contact - -For additional contact information: - - Dr. Gregory B. Newby - Chief Executive and Director - gbnewby@pglaf.org - -Section 4. Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg -Literary Archive Foundation - -Project Gutenberg-tm depends upon and cannot survive without wide -spread public support and donations to carry out its mission of -increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be -freely distributed in machine readable form accessible by the widest -array of equipment including outdated equipment. Many small donations -($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt -status with the IRS. - -The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating -charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United -States. Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a -considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up -with these requirements. We do not solicit donations in locations -where we have not received written confirmation of compliance. To SEND -DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any particular -state visit www.gutenberg.org/donate - -While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we -have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition -against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who -approach us with offers to donate. - -International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make -any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from -outside the United States. U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff. - -Please check the Project Gutenberg Web pages for current donation -methods and addresses. Donations are accepted in a number of other -ways including checks, online payments and credit card donations. To -donate, please visit: www.gutenberg.org/donate - -Section 5. General Information About Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works. - -Professor Michael S. Hart was the originator of the Project -Gutenberg-tm concept of a library of electronic works that could be -freely shared with anyone. For forty years, he produced and -distributed Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks with only a loose network of -volunteer support. - -Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks are often created from several printed -editions, all of which are confirmed as not protected by copyright in -the U.S. unless a copyright notice is included. Thus, we do not -necessarily keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper -edition. - -Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search -facility: www.gutenberg.org - -This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm, -including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary -Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to -subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks. - - - -</pre> - - </body> - <!-- created with ppgen.py 3.57c on 2020-10-08 18:07:02 GMT --> -</html> diff --git a/old/63408-h/images/cover.jpg b/old/63408-h/images/cover.jpg Binary files differdeleted file mode 100644 index 48c9cd5..0000000 --- a/old/63408-h/images/cover.jpg +++ /dev/null |
