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+Project Gutenberg (https://www.gutenberg.org) public repository for
+eBook #63325 (https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/63325)
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-The Project Gutenberg eBook, Infant Schools and Dissenters, by John
-Alexander
-
-
-This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most
-other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions 
-whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of
-the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at 
-www.gutenberg.org.  If you are not located in the United States, you'll have
-to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this ebook.
-
-
-
-
-Title: Infant Schools and Dissenters
-       A Vindication of "a letter of affectionate remonstrance," &c.
-
-
-Author: John Alexander
-
-
-
-Release Date: September 27, 2020  [eBook #63325]
-
-Language: English
-
-Character set encoding: UTF-8
-
-
-***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK INFANT SCHOOLS AND DISSENTERS***
-
-
-Transcribed from the 1836 J. Fletcher edition by David Price.
-
-
-
-
-
-                      INFANT SCHOOLS AND DISSENTERS.
-
-
-                                * * * * *
-
-                              A VINDICATION
-
-                                    OF
-
-               “A LETTER OF AFFECTIONATE REMONSTRANCE,” &c.
-
-                                * * * * *
-
-                                   FROM
-
-          THE MISTAKES RESPECTING IT MADE BY WILLIAM GEARY, ESQ.
-   AND FROM THE MISREPRESENTATIONS OF IT MADE BY THE REV. JOHN PEROWNE,
-               RECTOR OF ST. JOHN’S MADDERMARKET, IN THEIR
-                          RESPECTIVE PAMPHLETS.
-
-                                * * * * *
-
-                            BY JOHN ALEXANDER,
-               MINISTER OF PRINCE’S STREET CHAPEL, NORWICH.
-
-                                * * * * *
-
-                                 NORWICH:
-                   SOLD BY J. FLETCHER; JARROLD & SONS;
-                        AND THE OTHER BOOKSELLERS.
-                        JACKSON & WALFORD, LONDON.
-
-                                  1836.
-
-
-
-
-PREFACE.
-
-
-THE following Vindication was written during the week in which the Rev.
-John Perowne’s “Observations” appeared; and the publication of it has
-been hitherto delayed, partly from an unwillingness to pursue the subject
-of my “Letter” any farther, and partly from a determination not to
-publish till a fair opportunity had been given to obtain subscribers to
-the New Infant School Society.  In replying to Mr. Geary it was
-impossible to write with any other impression than that I was answering a
-gentleman and a Christian; and I hope that such an impression is
-manifested in my pages.  And though Mr. Perowne has chosen to make my
-“Letter” on Infant Schools the pretext for a rude and personal attack, as
-well as for insulting the whole body of Dissenters, I have nevertheless
-endeavoured to treat him with some degree of forbearance, and have in
-many instances chastised him with whips only, when scorpions were at
-hand.  The great questions at issue between Churchmen and Dissenters
-never can be settled by slander and abuse.  Mr. Perowne’s pamphlet
-therefore must be an utter failure; and I hope that all who have read it,
-or who may read this, will retire from them both, diligently and devoutly
-to study the New Testament, as the only standard of Christian faith, and
-of Ecclesiastical government.
-
-_Norwich_, _June_ 6_th_, 1836.
-
-
-
-
-A VINDICATION, &c.
-
-
-WHEN I had read the pamphlet, published by my esteemed friend Mr. Geary,
-in reply to my “Letter,” it appeared to me that the facts, relative to
-the proposed Infant School Society, were sufficiently before the public;
-and, therefore, I determined to send him a few explanatory remarks in
-writing, rather than to make any reply through the medium of the press.
-Having been induced to alter my determination, I respectfully submit to
-Mr. Geary’s consideration, the following brief observations.
-
-Before the examination of the Infant Schools took place in St. Andrew’s
-Hall, the public were informed, by the newspapers, that it had been
-determined on, at a meeting held in the Guildhall, to which none but
-members of the Establishment were invited.  William Moore, Esq. was in
-the chair, and the following resolution was passed:—“Resolved, that the
-system of Infant Education might be beneficially extended in this city;
-and, with a view of prominently bringing forward its advantages, _that
-there should be an examination of the children now receiving instruction
-in the Infant Schools of this city_.”  The meeting which adopted that
-resolution, appeared to me to originate and to authorize the examination
-of the schools—and, whatever private understanding there might be with
-Mr. Wilderspin, all that the public knew was what the resolution stated;
-and Mr. Wilderspin appeared to us, not as accomplishing “his own
-speculation,” but as the agent, employed by the meeting, to carry its
-resolution into effect.  I think, therefore, that what I have stated, in
-the eighth and ninth pages of my “Letter,” is fully borne out by all the
-facts of the case.
-
-I said nothing in my “Letter” to intimate that the children of Dissenters
-would be excluded from the proposed schools.  My explanation of the
-“Advertisement” which occasioned the “Letter” was this: “I understand it
-to mean, that the members of no other Christian church shall be allowed
-to participate with you _in the formation of the society_, _or in its
-committee_, _or in its operations_.”  If, however, I had expressed a fear
-that the church catechism might be introduced, or that some arrangement
-might be made which would prevent Dissenters from sending their children
-to the schools, the speeches at the public meeting, and Mr. Geary’s
-pamphlet, satisfactorily negative such an apprehension.  All parties have
-united in declaring that _the schools will be open to all classes_, and
-that there will be no rules nor formulas against which Dissenters can
-object.  At the public meeting, as reported in the newspapers, the Dean
-expressly stated, that “they had no desire to exclude the children of any
-persons of whatever religion, because _the children would not be
-instructed in any points that any person might not learn_; as they would
-be taught to worship and adore God, to know the merits of our Saviour, to
-fear God and honour the King, and to live in peace and unity with one
-another.  Their rules, said he, would be _open to persons of all
-denominations_, who would have the opportunity of sending their children,
-if they accorded with those rules.”  Mr. G. Seppings “stated that the
-school would be open to the children of persons of _all denominations_,
-who might choose to send them.”  In full accordance with these decisive
-statements, Mr. Geary says, “I cannot help again recurring to a mistake
-into which my reverend friend has fallen, and which is throughout
-implied, in regard to the exclusion of the children of dissent.  He may
-rest assured, that nothing is decided with respect to the discipline of
-the schools, which can possibly be held to be an impediment with any
-conscientious Dissenter who desires to place his child there:—no impeding
-tests or testimonials on entering the school—no offensive rituals when
-there.”  And in another part of his pamphlet he declares, “I have seen
-the progress of the society in embryo, first, last, midst, and throughout
-all, without witnessing any symptoms of such a spirit.  Should it appear,
-I am prepared to contend with it hand to hand—foot to foot; and, should
-it unhappily prevail, I should feel bound to quit the society.”  The
-speeches at the public meeting are, however, a sufficient guarantee that
-no such spirit will “unhappily prevail;” and I “rest assured,” that, so
-far as the schools are concerned, they will be as comprehensive as those
-which already exist, and to which the children of Churchmen and
-Dissenters are admitted on equal terms.  I deeply regret, however, that
-my interpretation of the “Advertisement” has unfortunately proved true,
-and that, though the children of Dissenters are to be admitted into the
-schools, Dissenters themselves are, quite unnecessarily I think, excluded
-from the committee of the society, and from all its operations.
-
-The public meeting, at which the preceding speeches were delivered, was
-distinguished by the expression of many liberal and Christian sentiments;
-and those of us who were excluded from it, were in no small degree
-gratified in learning, from the public papers, that several of the
-speakers expressed themselves so decidedly in favour of the liberal
-system advocated in my “Letter,” and that they regretted that
-circumstances constrained them to unite with the present exclusive
-system.  “Mr. Bignold said _he had not been in favour of any exclusive
-views_; and if it had been thought right to establish a general society,
-he should have with pleasure supported it.  That had not been agreed to,
-but if the Dissenters chose to establish another society, his funds
-should be at their service.”  “The Rev. R. Hankinson spoke in favour of
-an open society.  He said he belonged to several in the city, _all of
-which were carried on with the greatest unanimity_.  He had, however,
-yielded his opinions to those of others better qualified, perhaps, to
-judge.”  I need not add that these are also the sentiments of Mr. Geary,
-who says, in reference to my wishes for an union of all parties, “I truly
-sympathize with him in those views and feelings which, were it
-practicable, would suggest such an union;” and, “my reverend friend
-cannot feel more intense satisfaction than I do, in thus witnessing the
-joyful and happy state of brethren dwelling together in unity.”
-
-I most earnestly hope and pray that these sentiments, so honourable to
-the gentlemen who uttered them, may more extensively prevail, till they
-have removed those “insuperable barriers” which at present exist, and
-till they have rendered that union “practicable,” which so many feel to
-be desirable.  Depend upon it, there are not half the difficulties really
-existing, which some persons imagine.  The united system, if tried,
-would, I am persuaded, work well—and I am sure that all who engaged in it
-would be made better and happier by their combined exertions in doing
-good.  There are some things, connected with both Church of Englandism
-and Dissent, in which the two parties could not unite without a
-compromise of principle.  As religious men, we have, however, a common
-cause to promote, and a common enemy to withstand.  We ought, therefore,
-as Christians, _to unite in every thing that admits of an union_; and, as
-Infant Schools appear to me to be precisely of that character, I deeply
-regret that we have not united in them.  I am somewhat comforted,
-however, by the persuasion, that an exclusive system cannot last.  There
-is an influential and increasing party in the church much opposed to it,
-and who, as is stated in my “Letter,” “would be glad to co-operate with
-other Christians in educating and in evangelizing the people.”  The
-adoption of the exclusive system has occasioned regret in the minds of
-many persons whom the church would have done well to conciliate; and I
-much question whether either party is perfectly satisfied with the
-proceedings that have been adopted.
-
-Another remark or two will bring this part of my pamphlet to a close.
-Mr. Geary is mistaken in supposing that I mentioned Leicester and Taunton
-as towns “where a satisfactory union had been effected.”  My extracts
-respecting them were intended to shew Mr. Wilderspin’s opinion respecting
-the union of various denominations in the work.  I said nothing
-respecting any schools at Leicester; and I quoted Mr. Babington’s speech
-for the sake of shewing, not only his sentiments, but Mr. Wilderspin’s
-also, because he calls it “an admirable speech.”  And as to Taunton,
-after quoting what Mr. Wilderspin had said in approbation of the mixed
-committee, I distinctly stated that “a school was set up on opposite
-principles.”
-
-Having stated in my “Letter” that the extracts which I had made from Mr.
-Wilderspin’s book abundantly proved that he was “decidedly opposed to the
-exclusive system advertised for Norwich,” Mr. Geary replies that this
-appeal to the authority of Mr. Wilderspin “requires qualifying;” and
-“that the cases do not lead to this conclusion.”  If Mr. Geary will be so
-good as to turn again to my quotations, I think he will be induced to
-agree with me that Mr. Wilderspin could scarcely have used stronger
-language than he has used in reference to this subject.  He most
-enthusiastically admires Joseph Lancaster’s system, because of “its
-benevolent and Catholic spirit,” which establishes “schools for all;” and
-he solemnly declares that he always has laboured on “the broadest
-principle,” and that he determines to act “on that, and on that alone,
-through the remainder of his life.”  I think, therefore, I am authorized
-in repeating my former declaration, that “he is decidedly opposed to the
-exclusive system advertised for Norwich.”
-
-These cursory remarks are intended to rectify some mistakes into which
-Mr. Geary appears to me to have fallen in his perusal of my “Letter.”
-After all, I rejoice to believe that he and I are one in sentiment and
-feeling on this subject.  The gentlemanly and Christian tone of his
-letter, is an interesting evidence that there may be discussion and
-controversy without violating any of the principles of the gospel, or any
-of the courtesies of life.  I thank him, for his testimony that my
-“Letter” “is characterised by a spirit of mildness and conciliation,” and
-I am glad to find that he has read it in the spirit in which it was
-written.  I thank him also for the manner in which he has spoken of the
-“courtesy” manifested by the Dissenters connected with the Infant Schools
-in this city towards their brethren in the Establishment.  And I take
-leave of him in the hope, and with the prayer that, though we cannot walk
-together through every path on earth, we may, through “the precious blood
-of Christ,” and the sanctifying grace of the Holy Spirit, both of us be
-found in that heaven of light and love, where we shall no longer “see
-through a glass darkly, but face to face, and where we shall know even as
-also we are known.”
-
-                                * * * * *
-
-I come now to the consideration of a subject on which I enter with
-reluctance.  Since Mr. Geary’s pamphlet appeared, “Observations” on my
-“Letter” have been published by a person who styles himself, “The Rev. J.
-Perowne, Rector of St. John’s Maddermarket, Norwich.”  With some of the
-members of his family, I have, for a long time, been acquainted.  They
-have belonged to my congregation for nearly twenty years; and one of them
-has lately become a member of the church of which I am the Pastor.  With
-Mr. Perowne himself my acquaintance has been but slight, and I am left to
-gather my opinion of his character and ministry almost entirely from the
-“Observations” which he has published.  Those observations are of such a
-nature that it is impossible to reply to them either _gravely_ or
-_respectfully_; and I am quite of opinion that the most dignified course
-would be, not to reply to them at all.  I fear however that some of the
-statements which he has made, relative to the Infant Schools in this
-city, and relative to the principles and conduct of the Dissenters, may
-be believed by some persons, if they are not contradicted; and as he has
-chosen to make my “Letter” the occasion of propagating many slanders, I
-think it due to the public to submit to the humiliation of replying to
-such an antagonist.
-
-I am persuaded that every man who read my “Letter,” with an “honest
-heart,” believed that my object in writing it was what I avowed; and that
-I wished my fellow-christians in this city to unite in educating Infants,
-because I thought that such an union would promote the interests of true
-religion.  From the testimony of Mr. Geary’s pamphlet, and from several
-communications which have been made to me, I am gratified with knowing
-that the “Letter” has been received, by many religious and intelligent
-persons, in the spirit in which it professed to be written.  With their
-testimony I am satisfied; and therefore Mr. Perowne must excuse me if I
-do not strive to vindicate myself from his charges of hypocrisy and
-falsehood.  As he is the accuser, I have no need to become the
-vindicator.  And all that I intend to do is to gather, from his own
-“Observations,” the evidence which they afford of his character and
-competency.
-
-As Mr. Perowne is a clergyman who claims the attribute of “reverence,”
-and who has solemnly declared that he was “inwardly moved by the Holy
-Ghost to take upon him this office,” and “that he will maintain and set
-forward quietness, peace, and love _among all Christian people_,” it was
-not unreasonable to expect that his “Observations” would be in accordance
-with his vows and professions.  I think, however, that I do not
-misrepresent his publication when I say that none of the fruits of that
-Spirit, with which he professes to be “inwardly moved,” are to be found
-in it—that it is abundantly fruitful in rude personalities, in wanton
-attacks on motives, in wilful distortions of the plainest language, in
-pompous ignorance, and in supercilious pretensions—and that all these
-qualities are left unredeemed even by the occasional introduction of
-better sentiments and feelings.  Sometimes a man will use hard words, or
-manifest intemperate passions, under the influence of strongly exciting
-circumstances.  But here a calm and dark spirit of evil reigns throughout
-the whole of a pamphlet, which was written in the retirement of his
-study, and which he had no occasion to write at all.  This, however, is
-mere description, and we must analyze the “Observations” themselves in
-order to ascertain whether it be truth.
-
-One prominent feature of the pamphlet is its utter dissimilarity, not
-only to the Christian spirit which pervades Mr. Geary’s Defence, but also
-to the speeches delivered at the Public Meeting, when the Infant School
-Society was formed.  In them there is nothing ferocious, or insulting to
-any class of the community; but, on the other hand, an expression of
-respectful regret that certain obstacles prevented, in the opinion of the
-speakers, the formation of a more comprehensive society, which some of
-them would certainly have preferred.  Whether, in the course of Mr. P’s.
-pamphlet, he alludes personally to any of those speakers, I will not take
-upon myself to determine.  But he vehemently denounces all Churchmen, who
-would unite with Dissenters in an Infant School, as “traitors to the
-church,” and as “encouragers of dissimulation,” “who help forward the
-ruin of the church by echoing the sentiments of liberalism.”  Not being
-acquainted with the gradations in the ecclesiastical hierarchy, I am
-unable to decide what rank he may hold among his brethren, or what
-authority he may derive from the rectory of “St. John’s.”  But he
-evidently speaks of himself, and addresses himself to clergymen and
-others oraculously, as if he were the Polyphemus of a party.  “I tell
-them,” says he, “_in the name_ of every true son of the church.”  “I
-assure them that no true son of the church would listen to them.”  “WE
-say to every churchman, profit by the lesson here taught you.”  These,
-however, may be merely “great swelling words of vanity,” and I may be
-perfectly right in the conjecture that his brethren disown alike his
-authority and his spirit, and are disposed to “leave him alone with his
-glory.”
-
-A considerable portion of Mr. Perowne’s pamphlet, consists of
-vituperations against the Dissenters.  Dissent, it is well known, is a
-relative term, and is applied to such persons, in this country, as
-profess to derive their doctrines and forms of church government from the
-Scriptures, rather than from the liturgy and canons of the Church of
-England.  They believe that the Scriptures are sufficient to direct them
-in these matters; and they believe that their allegiance to Jesus Christ
-requires them to submit to his supreme dominion as the only head of the
-church, and to reject the ecclesiastical authority which either
-Protestants or Papists may claim, but which Christ alone possesses.  On
-this great principle they dissent from all establishments of religion by
-the civil power; and they desire to stand quite independent of state
-endowments, and of state interference in their spiritual concerns, so as
-to constitute a “kingdom which is not of this world.”  Dissent therefore
-can only be found in those countries where some particular form of
-religion is established by the civil power.  There is no dissent in
-America, because there is no Established Church there.  The government of
-that country protects all denominations of Christians in the profession
-of their religion, but it does not elevate one denomination above the
-rest, nor does it prescribe to any denomination what forms of prayer they
-shall adopt, what doctrines they shall believe, or what bishops or
-pastors they shall choose.  Viewing the term, dissent, chronologically,
-there are in this country two classes of Dissenters.  The first class
-includes the Church of England, which some time ago dissented from the
-Church of Rome, which had been, for several centuries established in this
-country; and the other class is composed of those who have gone still
-farther from the Church of Rome, and have dissented from the Church of
-England.  In Scotland, the Established Church is not Episcopalian, as in
-this country, but Presbyterian; so that when Dr. Chalmers, who belongs to
-the Established Church in Scotland, comes into England, he is a Dissenter
-during his stay, and is not permitted to preach in any of the pulpits of
-the church; and if Mr. Perowne were to cross the Tweed, he would
-instantly become a Dissenter, and might find it necessary to defend
-himself against the attacks of the “Apostolical Establishment” {15} of
-that country, which binds all her sons “to root out and destroy all
-prelacy.”  Using the term dissent in its general acceptation, Mr. Perowne
-says, “the only doctrine in which all Dissenters agree is that of
-dissenting from the church.”  Now whether “dissenting from the church” be
-a “doctrine” or a practice is not of much consequence, nor is it a very
-wonderful discovery, that all Dissenters should agree to dissent.  But
-Mr. Perowne is not aware that he has brought the same argument against
-dissent, that the Roman Catholics bring against Protestantism; and one
-argument is worth just as much as the other, which is just nothing at
-all.  The “Rector of St. John’s Maddermarket,” when that church belonged
-to the Papists, might have said to the Protestants, “I should like to
-know what doctrines _Protestantism_ considers essential.  The only
-doctrine in which all _Protestants_ agree, is that of _protesting_
-against the church.  That is ‘essential’ to their religion, and that
-alone.”  These, the reader will perceive, are precisely Mr. Perowne’s
-words, if the term dissent be substituted for Protestant; and though he
-has endeavoured to make many of them look impressive, by printing them in
-italics, I consider them too puerile to admit of any serious refutation.
-
-But the object of Mr. Perowne, in the paragraph from which I have quoted,
-is to shew that, while Dissenters agree in practical dissent, they widely
-differ in doctrine.  “In other respects, says he, a man may be a
-Socinian, an Arian, a Quaker, an Anabaptist, an Irvingite, a Calvanist,
-an Armenian, {16} or a Baxterian.  He may hold any notions he pleases.
-If he do but dissent, he has the essential doctrine of their religion.”
-Now how blind a man must be, not to perceive that all this language is as
-much against Mr. Perowne and his church, as it is against Dissenters, and
-that he himself falls into the very ditch into which he attempts to throw
-dissent.  Are there not doctrines believed, and even taught in the Church
-of England, “wide as the poles asunder?”  Are there not some heresies
-within her pale from which Dissenters are happily free?  May not
-_millenarianism_ be found in some of her clergy, as well as among the
-Irvingites?  Does not Mr. Perowne himself sanction persons who leave
-their own parish churches to attend at “St. John’s Maddermarket,” because
-he preaches a gospel which is opposed to the preaching of the other
-clergy?  Is not this acting on one of the leading principles of dissent,
-which asserts the right of Christians to choose their own ministers?  And
-if these things be so—and I could enumerate perhaps quite as many
-varieties of doctrine in the church as Mr. P. can find out of it—why
-should he “cast the first stone” at Dissenters, for the very sin of which
-he himself is guilty? and why should he attempt to “pull out the mote
-from his brother’s eye, when there is a beam in his own?”
-
-Mr. Perowne speaks very contemptuously of all professors of religion who
-are not members of his own community; and especially of Roman Catholics
-and Socinians.  The doctrines, which are held by both these
-denominations, appear to me to be subversive, in different ways, of the
-gospel of Christ.  They probably consider me to be in equal error; and
-though we cannot have communion together in religious worship, I think
-that I should be acting an unchristian part, were I to refuse to unite
-with them in any works of benevolence, in which we can unite without the
-compromise of religious principle.  Mr. P’s. object in referring to these
-persons is to bring our Infant School System into disrepute; and
-therefore we must examine his statements.  “If I am rightly informed,”
-says he, “the school in Crook’s Place and that in St. Miles’ have
-Socinians among the most regular and active superintendents.”  I am not
-much acquainted with the school in Crook’s Place; but I once visited it,
-for the purpose of examining the children on Scripture subjects; and,
-with the exception of a little girl, who said that “the High Priest of
-the church was the king of England,” they gave very satisfactory answers
-to my questions relative to the great doctrines of redemption; so that
-heterodoxy was not perceptible there.  With the school in St. Miles’ I am
-more intimately connected; having been accustomed to visit it monthly.
-There are Dissenters on the committee, but none of them are Socinians.
-There are also members of the Establishment on the committee, and in the
-office of treasurer and secretary; and, though I am not acquainted with
-their individual sentiments, yet I have no reason to suspect that any of
-them entertain Socinian doctrine—and I fully believe that Mr. Perowne’s
-charge has not the slightest foundation in fact.
-
-But even if Socinians were “among the most regular and active
-superintendents,” with what consistency can they be objected to on that
-account by Mr. Perowne?  “If a man will but leave the Church of England,”
-says he, “or assist in pulling it down, he is _a Christian brother_, even
-though he denies the Lord who bought him, or bow before an idol.”  Now,
-to say nothing of the grammar of this sentence, or of the “false
-accusation” which it involves, I would ask whether Mr. Perowne himself,
-as a minister of the Established Church, does not acknowledge both
-“Papists and Socinians” to be Christian brethren?  Does he not recognise
-the validity of popish baptism, and acknowledge its regenerating
-qualities to be as effectual as his own?  Would he not admit a Roman
-Catholic priest, who had recanted, to his pulpit without re-ordination,
-and thereby acknowledge that a popish bishop is able to communicate the
-Holy Ghost?  But, without proceeding in these inquiries, relative to the
-Catholic who “bow before an idol,” let us notice the case of the
-Socinians, who “deny the Lord that bought them.”  Has Mr. Perowne, who
-renounces all communion with them as a church, no communion with them
-individually?  Most assuredly he has; and there is not a Socinian in the
-kingdom whom he would hesitate to receive and to acknowledge, under
-certain circumstances, as “a Christian brother!”  He receives tithes and
-church rates from them; and thereby has communion with them in the
-support of the “Apostolical Establishment.”  He admits Socinians to speak
-and vote amidst the “peaceful and loving scenes” which are witnessed at
-vestry meetings; and Mr. Perowne himself, being in the chair, would act
-upon a resolution which had been carried by a Socinian majority, and
-thereby permit Socinians to bear rule in the church.  Were a Socinian to
-be seen kneeling at the altar of the church, Mr. Perowne would not dare
-to refuse him the bread and wine, if he were not “an open and notorious
-evil liver.”  And when the Socinian, who dies in the very act of “denying
-the Lord that bought him,” is conveyed in a coffin to St. John’s
-Maddermarket, Mr. Perowne clothes himself in white, and solemnly
-declares, “I heard a voice from heaven saying unto me, Blessed are the
-dead which die in the Lord; even so saith the Spirit; for they rest from
-their labours.”  Mr. Perowne then calls this same Socinian his “_dear
-brother_”—he gives God “hearty thanks that it hath pleased him to deliver
-this _brother_ out of the miseries of this sinful world”—he declares that
-“it hath pleased Almighty God of his great mercy _to take unto himself
-the soul of our dear brother_ here departed”—he prays that, when he
-himself dies, and that when those around him “shall depart this life,
-they _may rest in Christ as our hope is this our brother doth_”—and then
-he completes and crowns the whole by declaring, “We therefore commit his
-body to the ground; earth to earth; ashes to ashes; dust to dust; IN SURE
-AND CERTAIN HOPE OF THE RESURRECTION TO ETERNAL LIFE, THROUGH OUR LORD
-JESUS CHRIST!”  And yet this very Mr. Perowne rails against the orthodox
-Dissenters for associating with Socinians, and solemnly anathematizes all
-Bible Societies and Infant Schools which permit Socinians to become
-members!  “Ye blind guides, which strain at a gnat, and swallow a camel!”
-
-Were the Dissenters of this country to abstain from all interference in
-“contested elections,” and to leave both church and state to the care of
-others, such a course of proceeding might be very agreeable to Mr.
-Perowne, but I question whether it would be serviceable to civil and
-religious liberty.  If, however, there be any guilt in this matter, it
-does not lie exclusively at the door of nonconformist “teachers and
-members,” and when Mr. P. offers to feel their pulse, and to write out
-prescriptions for them, he ought to remember the proverb, “Physician heal
-thyself.”  Party politics have, I confess, no charms for me; and I very
-earnestly desire that all religious men who come in contact with them,
-whether Church-people or Dissenters, may so conduct themselves as to give
-no “occasion to the enemies of God to blaspheme.”
-
-Utterly forgetful of the strife which is often manifested at the “vestry
-meetings” of his own church, he ventures to attack our “church meetings,”
-at which, he says, “peaceful and loving scenes sometimes take place.”  I
-dare say that if Mr. Perowne knew much of the history of “church
-meetings,” from those which were held in Corinth, during the apostolic
-times, down to our own days, he might tell of some in which peace and
-love were not very apparent.  A thinking mind will perceive, however,
-that an ecclesiastical system may be good in itself, and even divine in
-its origin, as that at Corinth was, and yet it may be very imperfectly
-and improperly exhibited and administered by human beings.  In such a
-case the fault is not in the system, but in the men.  But whatever
-exceptions to peace and love may have occasionally appeared in our church
-meetings, I deny that Mr. Perowne’s description is applicable to their
-general character.  Our churches are formed on the principle that none
-but those who profess and practise the gospel of Christ are eligible for
-membership; and when any person of contrary character is discovered among
-us, he is excluded from the society, and, as a matter of course, falls
-into the Establishment.  Taking them with all their imperfections, I
-believe not only that they are formed according to the apostolic model,
-but that they are among the best societies of men to be found in this
-sinful world—“and no man shall stop me of this boasting” on their behalf.
-The church of which I am the pastor, was formed about sixteen years ago.
-It then contained thirteen members, and since then between three and four
-hundred have been added.  Our church meetings are held monthly, for the
-purposes of devotion, of receiving additional members, and, occasionally,
-for the transaction of business, necessary to preserve the order and
-purity of the church.  I do not, of course, expect that Mr. Perowne will
-believe my testimony on this subject, but I confidently appeal to the
-members of my church for evidence respecting the character of our
-meetings.  Those “hallowed influences,” to which Mr. Perowne so
-contemptuously refers, have abundantly blessed them, nor do I expect to
-witness any scenes more truly “peaceful and loving,” till “the general
-assembly and church of the first born” appears in heaven.
-
-Another charge, which Mr. Perowne vehemently urges against Dissenters, is
-that they are aiming to destroy the church to which he belongs.  “The
-leading organs of dissent,” says he, “openly avow that nothing but the
-destruction of our church will satisfy them.”  I should think my own
-church destroyed, if it were to be overrun with infidelity or heresy, or
-if it were to be broken up and dispersed as a society of Christians.
-But, as Mr. Perowne is acquainted with “the leading organs of dissent,”
-he knows very well that Dissenters have no desire to see the Church of
-England brought into such a condition; and that all they wish is that the
-Established Church would support its own ministers, and pay its own
-expenses, without taxing other churches.  And this, if I understand him
-rightly, he would call “the destruction of the church.”  If so, all the
-dissenting churches are destroyed already.  They have no connection with
-the state, as a controlling power—they choose their own ministers—and
-they pay their own expenses.  They are therefore, according to Mr.
-Perowne, in a state of “destruction”—they are “things which are not,” and
-he may perhaps be aware that such things are sometimes employed “to bring
-to nought things which are.”
-
-But the wholesale charge which he brings against the Nonconformists is,
-that their system “leads men to tear in pieces the body of Christ—to set
-at nought the powers that be—to speak evil of dignities—to imbibe and
-inculcate a disloyal, republican, revolutionary spirit.”  And he might
-have added, with equal truth, that it is productive of hydrophobia, that
-it brought the cholera into the country a short time ago, and that it
-turned all the members of our churches into cannibals.  Charges such as
-he has brought, false and ridiculous as they are, have been incessantly
-repeated since the day when the Head of our churches was himself reviled
-by the priests, as “a fellow perverting the nation, and forbidding to
-give tribute to Cæsar.”  And they will no doubt continue to be repeated,
-till “the accuser of the brethren is cast out.”  They are always freely
-used by those who find it more convenient to revile than to argue; and
-they are as useful to such persons, as the broken lantern was to the
-watchman, who always kept it by him to exhibit as a proof that his
-victims had been guilty of a riot.
-
-I now proceed to select some specimens of the manner in which he has
-perverted the language of my letter, and also some specimens of the
-literature and logic with which his “Observations” are interspersed.
-
-Alluding to the title of my letter he asks, “What right a Dissenter has
-to remonstrate with the members of the church, on any steps they think
-proper to take _with regard to the education of the children belonging to
-their own communion_?”  The proper answer to this question is, that I had
-no right at all to remonstrate on such a subject.  But what will the
-reader think, when I tell him that _I never did remonstrate on such a
-subject_, and that Mr. Perowne’s apparent object in giving such a form to
-his question is to excite a prejudice against my Letter at the very
-beginning of his “Observations.”  He knows that the Infant Schools, which
-the members of the Establishment projected, were _not_ for “the education
-of children belonging to their own communion,” but for “the children of
-persons of all denominations.”  And he knows that my remonstrance was
-directed against those who wished to make the members of one church the
-Instructors of Infants, to the exclusion of the members of all other
-churches.  The artifice which he has adopted may have answered the
-purpose which he had in view, but it is not the result of an upright and
-honourable mind, and it manifests much more of the subtilty of the
-serpent than of the harmlessness of the dove.
-
-Mr. Perowne, having remarked that I had advised the Establishment to act
-on “the principles on which the Infant Schools in Norwich have hitherto
-been conducted,” asks, “What are those principles?”  And professing to
-gather his reply from my Letter, he answers, “That the Dissenters _should
-have the chief management of them_,” while “the members of the
-Established Church, afford help in directing the concerns, and in
-defraying the expenses.”  Such “counsel,” I admit, is as impertinent as
-to deny to Churchmen the right “to educate the children belonging to
-their own communion.”  But _I never gave such counsel_; and Mr. Perowne’s
-interpretation of my language is both unjust and absurd.  The statement
-in my letter is this.  The committees of the Infant Schools “are composed
-of members of the Establishment and of other Christian churches”—and, as
-it respects the school in St. Miles’, “repeated efforts have been made to
-induce members of the Established Church to afford greater help in
-directing its concerns, as well as in defraying its expenses.”  Now mark
-the injustice of my commentator.  In professing to quote my language, he
-leaves out the word “greater,” which is an important word in the
-sentence, and then he tells his readers that my counsel is “that the
-Dissenters should have _the chief_ management of the schools” about to be
-instituted.  And now mark his reasoning.  The Dissenters have made
-repeated efforts to induce Churchmen “to afford greater help in
-_directing_ the schools;” _therefore_ Dissenters desire to have “the
-_chief management_ of them!”  Admirable logic!  If “a supposed second
-Solomon” be needed in the schools of Dissent, no such prodigy is required
-in the Establishment.  Her “mountains have laboured,” and her Solomon is
-born!
-
-The next specimen is of a similar character.  I had said, in my Letter,
-that as the promoters of the public examination in St. Andrew’s Hall had,
-in order to effect it, “received assistance from their dissenting fellow
-citizens, as well as from others,” our “friendly proceedings” would be
-“used against ourselves,” if they “were to be rewarded by our utter
-exclusion from all future participation with Churchmen in the system of
-Infant Education.”  “Brethren!” exclaims Mr. Perowne, “Brethren! here you
-have a truth of the utmost importance, plainly told you from the pen of a
-Dissenter.”  And what is the truth that my dissenting pen has told?  Why,
-that the conduct of the church, in excluding Dissenters, would be
-“against” those “friendly proceedings” which we had shewn towards the
-church.  But because it would be _against our courtesy_, Mr. Perowne, in
-the might and majesty of his logic, jumps to the conclusion that it would
-be _against our nonconformity_!  And then, having made this notable
-discovery, for which he certainly deserves a patent, he blows his “penny
-trumpet,” and summons the whole hierarchy to listen to his proclamation,
-that if the church will uniformly treat Dissenters as they have been
-treated in this business, the “venerable Establishment” is secure.
-“Brethren! here you have a truth of the utmost importance!”
-
-Mr. Perowne complains of the pain which I have produced in him, by what I
-have said “about love and union.”  “Such things,” says he “_painfully_
-remind us of the days of Charles the first.”  This Charles, it will be
-remembered, as the “head of the church,” in his days, and “out of a like
-_pious care for the service of God_, as had his blessed father,”
-published the “Book of Sports,” which authorized the people to amuse
-themselves with all sorts of games, &c. on the Lord’s day, and which the
-clergy read to their congregations after divine service.  I have no wish,
-however, to mention “Charles the first” to any man of acute sensibility,
-and I was not aware that my recommendation of “love and union” would
-remind any one of that ill-fated monarch.  Mr. Perowne’s peculiar
-sensibility on this subject, and the remarkable fact that, in writing a
-pamphlet on Infant Schools, he should twice refer to “Charles the first,”
-and “our martyred Charles,” is calculated to excite strange suspicions in
-the mind of a believer in the doctrine of metempsychosis.  Why should
-_Mr. Perowne_ feel pain when he is reminded of “Charles the first?” or
-why should “love and union” remind him of “our martyred Charles” at all,
-except on the principle of the Bramins, that “we should never kill a
-flea, lest we inflict _pain_ on the soul of some of our ancestors.”  It
-is true that Charles frequently boasted that he was “a true son of the
-church.”  It is true that Charles entertained the very same feelings
-against Puritans, as Mr. Perowne does against Dissenters.  It is true
-that some of the sentiments in Mr. P’s. pamphlet are as precisely _Icôn
-Basilikè_ as if they had been dictated by the soul of the headless
-monarch.  It is true, as Bishop Burnet says, that Charles the first
-“loved high and rough measures, but had neither skill to conduct them,
-nor height of genius to manage them.  _He hated all that offered prudent
-and moderate counsels_; and, even when it was necessary to follow such
-advices, he hated those that gave them.”  It is true—but, to use Mr.
-Perowne’s language, “I forbear to finish a picture so painful to
-contemplate,” and shall only add, that David Hume, in his history of
-England, states that the last word the king said, was, “REMEMBER”—and
-that “_great mysteries_ were supposed to be concealed under that
-expression.”
-
-Mr. P. appeals to the Collect which I quoted, and which he says I have
-“mutilated,” as affording evidence that “exclusive Churchmen, are
-consistent Churchmen;” thereby leading us to infer that the church
-teaches her members to shew their consistency by their exclusiveness,
-even in the exercise of prayer, and in the presence of Deity!  Supposing,
-however, that the Collect afforded evidence of the charity of the church,
-rather than of her bigotry, I advised her members to act in accordance
-with its spirit, and thereby to “add practice to profession and to
-prayer.”  This advice, Mr. P. intimates, is, on my part, an assumption of
-_infallibility_—as if none but a Papist could consistently enjoin
-practical piety, or admonish his hearers to shew their faith by their
-works.  “Is Mr. A. infallible?” my inquisitor asks, and immediately adds,
-“The Pope of Rome could not have gone further!”  I have not heard much of
-the Pope lately, but in former times he was a tolerably far traveller,
-especially when he was in the pursuit of Dissenting heretics.  But as Mr.
-P. may perhaps claim an acquaintance, as well as a relationship with his
-Holiness, I shall not dispute the matter, but humbly submit to the
-decision, that the Pope of Rome never went further than I have gone in my
-“Letter.”
-
-The next paragraph, in Mr. P’s. “Observations,” is chiefly historical,
-and he has contrived to give us “a bird’s eye view” of the state of
-religion in this country, from the days of “our martyred {28} Charles”
-downwards.  It thus begins.  “It is said that our church ought to set an
-example of meekness and conciliation.  I SAY she has done so to an extent
-unparalleled in modern times.”  In proof of this oracular declaration, he
-shews in the first place, what the church _has_ done.  “And what has been
-her conduct while attacked by the army of the aliens?”  To this question,
-I will first give my own answer, and then Mr. Perowne’s.  My own answer
-is this.  She “excommunicated, ipso facto,” whosoever affirmed “that the
-Church of England, by law established under the King’s Majesty, is not a
-true and an apostolical church.”  She erected a spiritual court, in which
-her ministers sat in judgment on men’s consciences.  She maintained a
-star chamber, where she slit men’s noses, and cut off their ears.  She
-passed corporation and test acts; and an act of uniformity, by which two
-thousand godly ministers were driven from her pulpits, and in some cases
-persecuted unto death by her virulence.  Mr. Perowne’s account of her
-conduct amidst all these transactions is this.  “_Confiding in her God_,
-_she has continued her labour of love_, _scarcely raising her hand to
-ward off the blows that have been aimed at her_!”  But her historian goes
-on to inform us that her acts of “meekness and conciliation,” in former
-days, are far surpassed by her present conduct; for this is what I
-suppose Mr. P. intended to mean when he said, “She has done so to an
-extent _unparalleled in modern times_.”  Whatever his ambiguity may mean,
-he certainly endeavours to represent the church as greatly increasing in
-“meekness and conciliation;” for now, when she sees the wicked Dissenters
-attempting to assassinate her, she does not even “lift her hand” as she
-did formerly; but, like a true member of “the Peace Society,” she merely
-“withdraws from such” persons; and she thus withdraws, says her
-historian, “not in a spirit of revenge and bitterness, but in the spirit
-of Him who prayed for his enemies!”  I shall refrain from commenting on
-this concluding declaration, any farther than to ask, whether the
-remotest comparison between the spirit breathed throughout Mr. Perowne’s
-pamphlet, and the dying prayer of the Redeemer, is not an insult to the
-“meek and lowly” Jesus.
-
-We now proceed to what may be appropriately called “the patronage
-paragraph.”  It was occasioned by the following sentences in my Letter,
-“addressed to the members of the Established Church.”  “I know well that
-such an exclusive system is not the desire of you all.  There are some
-among you who wish to see the Church of England ‘national’ in her
-feelings and in her philanthropy, as well as in her name, and who would
-be glad to co-operate with other Christians in educating and in
-evangelizing the people; but who at the same time deem it desirable, on
-the whole, to submit to other parties in the church, whose patronage and
-support are valued.”  “This passage,” says Mr. Perowne, “I consider in
-itself _a sufficient reason_ for my publishing _to the world_ my own
-views and feelings on the subject in question.  The parties alluded to
-_must be clergymen_.”  Why must they be clergymen?  Merely because I had
-used the words “patronage and support.”  I used the words in their
-general acceptation, just as any person, in “pretended holy orders” would
-use them, little thinking of the ecclesiastical meaning which “a real
-reverend” might put upon them.  I knew that if Dissenters were excluded
-from the committee of Infant Schools, such a proceeding would obtain for
-the schools the “patronage and support” of such persons in the church as
-would unite only with Episcopalians; and as some of those persons have
-influence and property wherewith to help the schools, I supposed that
-such “patronage and support” would be “valued.”  But my words happened to
-be read by a man who understands by “patronage and support” the means of
-obtaining a better _living_ than “Saint John’s Maddermarket.”  And, with
-this idea in his mind, he begins to reason on the subject with a sagacity
-all his own.  “The parties alluded to,” says he, “must be clergymen.”
-And his argument in proof is this—“Patronage” is no temptation to laymen.
-They therefore never act dishonestly to gain it.  It never deters them
-“from following out the convictions of their own minds.”  None but
-clergymen can be guilty of this.  Now I, “the Rev. John Perowne,” am a
-clergyman—and, referring perhaps to the principle that “blessings
-brighten as they take their flight,” he adds, “my character is of some
-value to me”—and then, wishing to be thought as pure as Cæsar’s wife, he
-declares, “I cannot allow myself to be even suspected.”  No, indeed.
-Were a patron to become suspicious, it might prevent the desired
-“patronage” from being bestowed.  And should any “exclusive Churchman”
-ever offer this “senior wrangler” a better living than he now possesses,
-we shall all see the triumph of principle, and the “value” of
-“character,” displayed, by his declining it.  He will say, “Nolo
-Episcopari” in the presence of a mitre—whenever it is offered to him.
-
-But to proceed with this “patronage paragraph.”  I had said, in my
-Letter, “I know well, that such an exclusive system is not the desire of
-you all.”  Now this “exclusive system” _is_ the desire of Mr. Perowne,
-and he has put himself forward as its great champion.  He therefore
-concludes that, as I have described a class of persons whose views are
-directly opposed to his, I must have meant himself!  His argument is—Mr.
-A. says that some persons do not approve of this “exclusive system.”  I
-do approve of it.  Therefore he refers to me!  Q.E.D.  Whether such
-syllogisms come from Oxford or from Cambridge, I am unable to determine,
-as I know not at which of the Universities Mr. Perowne was educated, and
-as Dissenters are “excluded” from them both.
-
-In the course of this immortal paragraph, two things yet remain to be
-briefly noticed.  First, he charges me with uttering a direct falsehood,
-and says that he will not believe my statements unless they are
-“authenticated by at least two witnesses.”  I have already intimated that
-I shall not trouble myself to gain his assent to any statements I have
-made.  He had before him the speeches made at the public meeting; he had
-before him Mr. Geary’s pamphlet; in both of which the statements I have
-made are reiterated; and yet, though he had before him the testimony of
-these three or four witnesses, he says he will not believe, till he has
-“at least two witnesses.”  Let him disbelieve it then.  And, secondly, in
-his note to the paragraph, he charges some of the clergy with consenting
-to “unite with Dissenters in the Bible Society,” “_on condition_” that a
-Dissenter should pay their subscriptions.  I hope it is distinctly
-understood that, in these pages, I make no attack upon the clergy, and
-that I have to do with Mr. Perowne _only_; yet, though the clergy do not
-need me as their defender, I am bound to declare that, having associated
-with several of them in the Bible Society for nearly twenty years, I
-believe that they joined it from true conviction, and not from such a
-base and paltry “_condition_” as that which Mr. Perowne alleges.  He has,
-however, carefully abstained from mentioning names, and from advancing
-proofs, both of which ought to have accompanied such a disreputable
-accusation of his brethren.
-
-The bishops, of whom he speaks in the next paragraph, were “immured in a
-prison” on a charge of high treason; and a bill, to exclude them from the
-House of Lords, passed both houses of parliament, and received the
-signature of “our martyred Charles.”  And, if it was ever “made unlawful
-for an Episcopalian to worship God according to the dictates of his own
-conscience,” Mr. Perowne ought to know that this was done by
-parliamentary authority, and that the church might even now visit every
-Dissenter with pains and penalties, for not worshipping within her walls,
-were she not mercifully prevented by the Act of Toleration.
-
-One more paragraph yet remains.  I had said in my Letter, that “the
-essential doctrines and hallowed influences” of religion “ought to be far
-dearer to us all than any forms of ecclesiastical government.  For the
-kingdom of God is not meat and drink; but righteousness, and peace, and
-joy in the Holy Ghost.”  This, he intimates, is equivalent to saying that
-“forms of ecclesiastical government” are “_matters of little moment_.”  I
-did not say so.  I said that doctrines and influences ought to be “far
-dearer” to us than such forms.  Having, however, made me say that they
-are “matters of little moment,” he asks, why then do we separate from the
-church?  I ask in reply, why does the church _impose_ them? and why does
-he write a pamphlet against those who conscientiously refuse to comply
-with them?  Let Mr. Perowne regenerate a child by baptism, and cross its
-forehead, if he pleases.  Let him kneel at the table, around which Christ
-and his disciples sat, if he pleases.  Let him call a Socinian his “dear
-brother,” and bury him “in sure and certain hope of the resurrection to
-eternal life,” if he pleases.  But let him not attempt to compel me to
-adopt such practices; let him not anathematize me for not conforming to a
-church which declares that it “hath power to decree rites and
-ceremonies,” when I believe that such “power” is possessed by Christ
-alone.  I am not the separatist.  I “stand fast in the liberty with which
-Christ hath made me free.”  He is the schismatic who insists upon the
-practice of unscriptural and popish ceremonies, as the terms of communion
-with the church of Christ.  “The schism,” says Archbishop Laud, in
-addressing Papists, and in justifying the church of England in her
-dissent from the church of Rome, “The schism is theirs whose the cause of
-it is; and he makes the separation who gives the first cause of it, _not
-he that makes an actual separation upon a just cause preceding_.”  Let
-Mr. Perowne talk no more about separation, but remember that “those who
-live in a house of glass should never throw stones.”
-
-Mr. Perowne denounces the application which I have made of the passage of
-Scripture, which I quoted for the purpose of illustration.  “I did not
-before know,” says he, “that ‘forms of ecclesiastical government,’ and
-‘meat and drink’ were synonimous terms.”  And what of that?  There are
-many things which Mr. Perowne does not know.  He does not know, for
-instance, how to spell _synonymous_, and until he has learned that, I
-shall not undertake to instruct him in higher matters.
-
-Several of the extracts which I have made, from the observations in this
-wretched pamphlet, place the writer of them in a most unfortunate
-predicament.  He either believes that his interpretations of my language
-are the true meaning, or he does not so believe.  In the former case, his
-“Observations” manifest a want of sense; in the latter case, a want of
-honesty.  It is impossible to go through his pamphlet without lamenting
-over the condition of a church which is compelled to submit to such
-incompetent or unprincipled instructors.  What must be the follies or
-fanaticism of disciples who are taught to explain passages of Scripture
-on the principles on which “this true son of the church” has explained my
-Letter.  This, however, is a subject on which we are not left to mere
-conjecture.  In the volume which contains some of the “Sermons” with
-which Mr. Perowne has edified his flock, he teaches that Jesus Christ is
-shortly coming in person to reign in Jerusalem—that the saints will be
-raised from the dead, at least a thousand years before the general
-resurrection, for the purpose of reigning together with Christ—that
-Jerusalem will be to them “what Windsor castle is to our king and his
-family”—and that they will have “various enjoyments through the medium of
-the senses,” “meat and drink” included.  He also declares, “I have said
-nothing of the new division of the Holy land, of the rebuilding of the
-Temple, or of the re-institution of the Temple service; THOUGH ALL THIS
-WILL CERTAINLY TAKE PLACE!!”  There now.  Let any Irvingite or
-Swedenborgian beat that if he can.  And let all Dissenters take joyfully
-the abuse which Mr. Perowne has heaped upon them, so long as the law
-tolerates them in leaving St. John’s Maddermarket, in order to be
-instructed by those who “understand what they say, and whereof they
-affirm.”
-
-I have now done with “The Reverend John Perowne, Rector of St. John’s
-Maddermarket, Norwich.”  I have examined his reasonings.  I have
-corrected his mistakes.  I have exposed his misrepresentations.  In so
-doing I have endeavoured to comply with the motto which he has inserted
-in his title page, and to “MARK them which cause divisions and offences;”
-and I now retire from the study of his “Observations,” deeply impressed
-with the conviction, that fallen indeed must that cause be, which either
-needs, or accepts such a defender.
-
-                                * * * * *
-
-                                 THE END.
-
-                                * * * * *
-
-                                 Norwich:
-               PRINTED BY JOSIAH FLETCHER, UPPER HAYMARKET.
-
-
-
-
-FOOTNOTES.
-
-
-{15}  Mr. Perowne uses the expression, “our _apostolical_ establishment,”
-as if there had been an _Established_ Church in the days of the apostles.
-The establishment of religion by the state, did not take place till the
-reign of Constantine, which was three hundred years after Christ, and
-when the church had become grossly corrupted by “the mystery of
-iniquity.”  It is still more erroneous to speak of “_our_ apostolical
-establishment,” for the Protestant Church of England was not established
-till the time of Henry the Eighth.
-
-{16}  A man who writes himself “reverend,” and who intermeddles with
-latin and logic, ought to be able to spell correctly.  “Calvanist” and
-“Armenian,” are wrong.  The former should be Calvinist, and the latter
-should be Arminian.  I hope that the Infant School system, which Mr.
-Perowne patronises, will not be so “exclusive” as to exclude spelling
-from its literature.  Let Mr. P. take advantage of this hint—for he
-learnedly remarks, “_Licet vel_ ab hoste doceri.”
-
-{28}  Mr. Warner, a clergyman of the Church of England, in his
-“_Conformist’s Plea for the Nonconformists_,” observes “It is _absurd to
-call him a martyr_, for there was too great a complication of causes
-which led to his execution, to ascribe it wholly or principally to
-religion.  The vice which ruined him was insincerity; so that his enemies
-saw that they could not trust him to perform his insincere though liberal
-promises.”
-
-
-
-
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-
-The Project Gutenberg eBook, Infant Schools and Dissenters, by John
-Alexander
-
-
-This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most
-other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions 
-whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of
-the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at 
-www.gutenberg.org.  If you are not located in the United States, you'll have
-to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this ebook.
-
-
-
-
-Title: Infant Schools and Dissenters
-       A Vindication of "a letter of affectionate remonstrance," &amp;c.
-
-
-Author: John Alexander
-
-
-
-Release Date: September 27, 2020  [eBook #63325]
-
-Language: English
-
-Character set encoding: ISO-646-US (US-ASCII)
-
-
-***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK INFANT SCHOOLS AND DISSENTERS***
-</pre>
-<p>Transcribed from the 1836 J. Fletcher edition by David
-Price.</p>
-<h1><span class="GutSmall">INFANT SCHOOLS AND
-DISSENTERS.</span></h1>
-
-<div class="gapshortline">&nbsp;</div>
-<p style="text-align: center"><b>A VINDICATION</b></p>
-<p style="text-align: center"><span
-class="GutSmall">OF</span></p>
-<p style="text-align: center">&ldquo;A LETTER OF AFFECTIONATE
-REMONSTRANCE,&rdquo; &amp;c.</p>
-
-<div class="gapspace">&nbsp;</div>
-<p style="text-align: center"><span
-class="GutSmall">FROM</span></p>
-<p style="text-align: center"><span class="GutSmall">THE MISTAKES
-RESPECTING IT MADE BY WILLIAM GEARY, ESQ.</span><br />
-<span class="GutSmall">AND FROM THE MISREPRESENTATIONS OF IT MADE
-BY THE REV. JOHN PEROWNE,</span><br />
-<span class="GutSmall">RECTOR OF ST. JOHN&rsquo;S MADDERMARKET,
-IN THEIR</span><br />
-<span class="GutSmall">RESPECTIVE PAMPHLETS.</span></p>
-
-<div class="gapspace">&nbsp;</div>
-<p style="text-align: center"><b>BY JOHN ALEXANDER,</b><br />
-<span class="GutSmall">MINISTER OF PRINCE&rsquo;S STREET CHAPEL,
-NORWICH.</span></p>
-
-<div class="gapspace">&nbsp;</div>
-<p style="text-align: center">NORWICH:<br />
-<span class="GutSmall">SOLD BY J. FLETCHER; JARROLD &amp;
-SONS;</span><br />
-<span class="GutSmall">AND THE OTHER BOOKSELLERS.</span><br />
-<span class="GutSmall">JACKSON &amp; WALFORD, LONDON.</span></p>
-<p style="text-align: center">1836.</p>
-<h2><a name="page3"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
-3</span>PREFACE.</h2>
-<p><span class="smcap">The</span> following Vindication was
-written during the week in which the Rev. John Perowne&rsquo;s
-&ldquo;Observations&rdquo; appeared; and the publication of it
-has been hitherto delayed, partly from an unwillingness to pursue
-the subject of my &ldquo;Letter&rdquo; any farther, and partly
-from a determination not to publish till a fair opportunity had
-been given to obtain subscribers to the New Infant School
-Society.&nbsp; In replying to Mr. Geary it was impossible to
-write with any other impression than that I was answering a
-gentleman and a Christian; and I hope that such an impression is
-manifested in my pages.&nbsp; And though Mr. Perowne has chosen
-to make my &ldquo;Letter&rdquo; on Infant Schools the pretext for
-a rude and personal attack, as well as for insulting the whole
-body of Dissenters, I have nevertheless endeavoured to treat him
-with some degree of forbearance, and have in many instances
-chastised him with whips only, when scorpions were at hand.&nbsp;
-The great questions at issue between Churchmen and Dissenters
-never can be settled by slander and abuse.&nbsp; Mr.
-Perowne&rsquo;s pamphlet therefore must be an utter failure; and
-I hope that all who have read it, or who may read this, will
-retire from them both, diligently and devoutly to study the New
-Testament, as the only standard of Christian faith, and of
-Ecclesiastical government.</p>
-<p><i>Norwich</i>, <i>June</i> 6<i>th</i>, 1836.</p>
-<h2><a name="page5"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 5</span>A
-VINDICATION, &amp;c.</h2>
-<p><span class="smcap">When</span> I had read the pamphlet,
-published by my esteemed friend Mr. Geary, in reply to my
-&ldquo;Letter,&rdquo; it appeared to me that the facts, relative
-to the proposed Infant School Society, were sufficiently before
-the public; and, therefore, I determined to send him a few
-explanatory remarks in writing, rather than to make any reply
-through the medium of the press.&nbsp; Having been induced to
-alter my determination, I respectfully submit to Mr.
-Geary&rsquo;s consideration, the following brief
-observations.</p>
-<p>Before the examination of the Infant Schools took place in St.
-Andrew&rsquo;s Hall, the public were informed, by the newspapers,
-that it had been determined on, at a meeting held in the
-Guildhall, to which none but members of the Establishment were
-invited.&nbsp; William Moore, Esq. was in the chair, and the
-following resolution was passed:&mdash;&ldquo;Resolved, that the
-system of Infant Education might be beneficially extended in this
-city; and, with a view of prominently bringing forward its
-advantages, <i>that there should be an examination of the
-children now receiving instruction in the Infant Schools of this
-city</i>.&rdquo;&nbsp; The meeting which adopted that resolution,
-appeared to me to originate and to authorize the examination of
-the schools&mdash;and, <a name="page6"></a><span
-class="pagenum">p. 6</span>whatever private understanding there
-might be with Mr. Wilderspin, all that the public knew was what
-the resolution stated; and Mr. Wilderspin appeared to us, not as
-accomplishing &ldquo;his own speculation,&rdquo; but as the
-agent, employed by the meeting, to carry its resolution into
-effect.&nbsp; I think, therefore, that what I have stated, in the
-eighth and ninth pages of my &ldquo;Letter,&rdquo; is fully borne
-out by all the facts of the case.</p>
-<p>I said nothing in my &ldquo;Letter&rdquo; to intimate that the
-children of Dissenters would be excluded from the proposed
-schools.&nbsp; My explanation of the &ldquo;Advertisement&rdquo;
-which occasioned the &ldquo;Letter&rdquo; was this: &ldquo;I
-understand it to mean, that the members of no other Christian
-church shall be allowed to participate with you <i>in the
-formation of the society</i>, <i>or in its committee</i>, <i>or
-in its operations</i>.&rdquo;&nbsp; If, however, I had expressed
-a fear that the church catechism might be introduced, or that
-some arrangement might be made which would prevent Dissenters
-from sending their children to the schools, the speeches at the
-public meeting, and Mr. Geary&rsquo;s pamphlet, satisfactorily
-negative such an apprehension.&nbsp; All parties have united in
-declaring that <i>the schools will be open to all classes</i>,
-and that there will be no rules nor formulas against which
-Dissenters can object.&nbsp; At the public meeting, as reported
-in the newspapers, the Dean expressly stated, that &ldquo;they
-had no desire to exclude the children of any persons of whatever
-religion, because <i>the children would not be instructed in any
-points that any person might not learn</i>; as they would be
-taught to worship and adore God, to know the merits of our
-Saviour, to fear God and honour the King, and to live in peace
-and unity with one another.&nbsp; Their rules, said he, would be
-<i>open to persons of all denominations</i>, <a
-name="page7"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 7</span>who would have
-the opportunity of sending their children, if they accorded with
-those rules.&rdquo;&nbsp; Mr. G. Seppings &ldquo;stated that the
-school would be open to the children of persons of <i>all
-denominations</i>, who might choose to send them.&rdquo;&nbsp; In
-full accordance with these decisive statements, Mr. Geary says,
-&ldquo;I cannot help again recurring to a mistake into which my
-reverend friend has fallen, and which is throughout implied, in
-regard to the exclusion of the children of dissent.&nbsp; He may
-rest assured, that nothing is decided with respect to the
-discipline of the schools, which can possibly be held to be an
-impediment with any conscientious Dissenter who desires to place
-his child there:&mdash;no impeding tests or testimonials on
-entering the school&mdash;no offensive rituals when
-there.&rdquo;&nbsp; And in another part of his pamphlet he
-declares, &ldquo;I have seen the progress of the society in
-embryo, first, last, midst, and throughout all, without
-witnessing any symptoms of such a spirit.&nbsp; Should it appear,
-I am prepared to contend with it hand to hand&mdash;foot to foot;
-and, should it unhappily prevail, I should feel bound to quit the
-society.&rdquo;&nbsp; The speeches at the public meeting are,
-however, a sufficient guarantee that no such spirit will
-&ldquo;unhappily prevail;&rdquo; and I &ldquo;rest
-assured,&rdquo; that, so far as the schools are concerned, they
-will be as comprehensive as those which already exist, and to
-which the children of Churchmen and Dissenters are admitted on
-equal terms.&nbsp; I deeply regret, however, that my
-interpretation of the &ldquo;Advertisement&rdquo; has
-unfortunately proved true, and that, though the children of
-Dissenters are to be admitted into the schools, Dissenters
-themselves are, quite unnecessarily I think, excluded from the
-committee of the society, and from all its operations.</p>
-<p><a name="page8"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 8</span>The
-public meeting, at which the preceding speeches were delivered,
-was distinguished by the expression of many liberal and Christian
-sentiments; and those of us who were excluded from it, were in no
-small degree gratified in learning, from the public papers, that
-several of the speakers expressed themselves so decidedly in
-favour of the liberal system advocated in my
-&ldquo;Letter,&rdquo; and that they regretted that circumstances
-constrained them to unite with the present exclusive
-system.&nbsp; &ldquo;Mr. Bignold said <i>he had not been in
-favour of any exclusive views</i>; and if it had been thought
-right to establish a general society, he should have with
-pleasure supported it.&nbsp; That had not been agreed to, but if
-the Dissenters chose to establish another society, his funds
-should be at their service.&rdquo;&nbsp; &ldquo;The Rev. R.
-Hankinson spoke in favour of an open society.&nbsp; He said he
-belonged to several in the city, <i>all of which were carried on
-with the greatest unanimity</i>.&nbsp; He had, however, yielded
-his opinions to those of others better qualified, perhaps, to
-judge.&rdquo;&nbsp; I need not add that these are also the
-sentiments of Mr. Geary, who says, in reference to my wishes for
-an union of all parties, &ldquo;I truly sympathize with him in
-those views and feelings which, were it practicable, would
-suggest such an union;&rdquo; and, &ldquo;my reverend friend
-cannot feel more intense satisfaction than I do, in thus
-witnessing the joyful and happy state of brethren dwelling
-together in unity.&rdquo;</p>
-<p>I most earnestly hope and pray that these sentiments, so
-honourable to the gentlemen who uttered them, may more
-extensively prevail, till they have removed those
-&ldquo;insuperable barriers&rdquo; which at present exist, and
-till they have rendered that union &ldquo;practicable,&rdquo;
-which so many feel to be desirable.&nbsp; Depend <a
-name="page9"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 9</span>upon it, there
-are not half the difficulties really existing, which some persons
-imagine.&nbsp; The united system, if tried, would, I am
-persuaded, work well&mdash;and I am sure that all who engaged in
-it would be made better and happier by their combined exertions
-in doing good.&nbsp; There are some things, connected with both
-Church of Englandism and Dissent, in which the two parties could
-not unite without a compromise of principle.&nbsp; As religious
-men, we have, however, a common cause to promote, and a common
-enemy to withstand.&nbsp; We ought, therefore, as Christians,
-<i>to unite in every thing that admits of an union</i>; and, as
-Infant Schools appear to me to be precisely of that character, I
-deeply regret that we have not united in them.&nbsp; I am
-somewhat comforted, however, by the persuasion, that an exclusive
-system cannot last.&nbsp; There is an influential and increasing
-party in the church much opposed to it, and who, as is stated in
-my &ldquo;Letter,&rdquo; &ldquo;would be glad to co-operate with
-other Christians in educating and in evangelizing the
-people.&rdquo;&nbsp; The adoption of the exclusive system has
-occasioned regret in the minds of many persons whom the church
-would have done well to conciliate; and I much question whether
-either party is perfectly satisfied with the proceedings that
-have been adopted.</p>
-<p>Another remark or two will bring this part of my pamphlet to a
-close.&nbsp; Mr. Geary is mistaken in supposing that I mentioned
-Leicester and Taunton as towns &ldquo;where a satisfactory union
-had been effected.&rdquo;&nbsp; My extracts respecting them were
-intended to shew Mr. Wilderspin&rsquo;s opinion respecting the
-union of various denominations in the work.&nbsp; I said nothing
-respecting any schools at Leicester; and I quoted Mr.
-Babington&rsquo;s speech for the sake of shewing, not only <a
-name="page10"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 10</span>his
-sentiments, but Mr. Wilderspin&rsquo;s also, because he calls it
-&ldquo;an admirable speech.&rdquo;&nbsp; And as to Taunton, after
-quoting what Mr. Wilderspin had said in approbation of the mixed
-committee, I distinctly stated that &ldquo;a school was set up on
-opposite principles.&rdquo;</p>
-<p>Having stated in my &ldquo;Letter&rdquo; that the extracts
-which I had made from Mr. Wilderspin&rsquo;s book abundantly
-proved that he was &ldquo;decidedly opposed to the exclusive
-system advertised for Norwich,&rdquo; Mr. Geary replies that this
-appeal to the authority of Mr. Wilderspin &ldquo;requires
-qualifying;&rdquo; and &ldquo;that the cases do not lead to this
-conclusion.&rdquo;&nbsp; If Mr. Geary will be so good as to turn
-again to my quotations, I think he will be induced to agree with
-me that Mr. Wilderspin could scarcely have used stronger language
-than he has used in reference to this subject.&nbsp; He most
-enthusiastically admires Joseph Lancaster&rsquo;s system, because
-of &ldquo;its benevolent and Catholic spirit,&rdquo; which
-establishes &ldquo;schools for all;&rdquo; and he solemnly
-declares that he always has laboured on &ldquo;the broadest
-principle,&rdquo; and that he determines to act &ldquo;on that,
-and on that alone, through the remainder of his
-life.&rdquo;&nbsp; I think, therefore, I am authorized in
-repeating my former declaration, that &ldquo;he is decidedly
-opposed to the exclusive system advertised for
-Norwich.&rdquo;</p>
-<p>These cursory remarks are intended to rectify some mistakes
-into which Mr. Geary appears to me to have fallen in his perusal
-of my &ldquo;Letter.&rdquo;&nbsp; After all, I rejoice to believe
-that he and I are one in sentiment and feeling on this
-subject.&nbsp; The gentlemanly and Christian tone of his letter,
-is an interesting evidence that there may be discussion and
-controversy without violating any of the principles of the
-gospel, or any of the courtesies of life.&nbsp; I thank him, for
-his testimony <a name="page11"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
-11</span>that my &ldquo;Letter&rdquo; &ldquo;is characterised by
-a spirit of mildness and conciliation,&rdquo; and I am glad to
-find that he has read it in the spirit in which it was
-written.&nbsp; I thank him also for the manner in which he has
-spoken of the &ldquo;courtesy&rdquo; manifested by the Dissenters
-connected with the Infant Schools in this city towards their
-brethren in the Establishment.&nbsp; And I take leave of him in
-the hope, and with the prayer that, though we cannot walk
-together through every path on earth, we may, through &ldquo;the
-precious blood of Christ,&rdquo; and the sanctifying grace of the
-Holy Spirit, both of us be found in that heaven of light and
-love, where we shall no longer &ldquo;see through a glass darkly,
-but face to face, and where we shall know even as also we are
-known.&rdquo;</p>
-
-<div class="gapshortline">&nbsp;</div>
-<p>I come now to the consideration of a subject on which I enter
-with reluctance.&nbsp; Since Mr. Geary&rsquo;s pamphlet appeared,
-&ldquo;Observations&rdquo; on my &ldquo;Letter&rdquo; have been
-published by a person who styles himself, &ldquo;The Rev. J.
-Perowne, Rector of St. John&rsquo;s Maddermarket,
-Norwich.&rdquo;&nbsp; With some of the members of his family, I
-have, for a long time, been acquainted.&nbsp; They have belonged
-to my congregation for nearly twenty years; and one of them has
-lately become a member of the church of which I am the
-Pastor.&nbsp; With Mr. Perowne himself my acquaintance has been
-but slight, and I am left to gather my opinion of his character
-and ministry almost entirely from the &ldquo;Observations&rdquo;
-which he has published.&nbsp; Those observations are of such a
-nature that it is impossible to reply to them either
-<i>gravely</i> or <i>respectfully</i>; and I am quite of opinion
-that the most dignified course would be, not to reply to them at
-all.&nbsp; I fear however that some <a name="page12"></a><span
-class="pagenum">p. 12</span>of the statements which he has made,
-relative to the Infant Schools in this city, and relative to the
-principles and conduct of the Dissenters, may be believed by some
-persons, if they are not contradicted; and as he has chosen to
-make my &ldquo;Letter&rdquo; the occasion of propagating many
-slanders, I think it due to the public to submit to the
-humiliation of replying to such an antagonist.</p>
-<p>I am persuaded that every man who read my
-&ldquo;Letter,&rdquo; with an &ldquo;honest heart,&rdquo;
-believed that my object in writing it was what I avowed; and that
-I wished my fellow-christians in this city to unite in educating
-Infants, because I thought that such an union would promote the
-interests of true religion.&nbsp; From the testimony of Mr.
-Geary&rsquo;s pamphlet, and from several communications which
-have been made to me, I am gratified with knowing that the
-&ldquo;Letter&rdquo; has been received, by many religious and
-intelligent persons, in the spirit in which it professed to be
-written.&nbsp; With their testimony I am satisfied; and therefore
-Mr. Perowne must excuse me if I do not strive to vindicate myself
-from his charges of hypocrisy and falsehood.&nbsp; As he is the
-accuser, I have no need to become the vindicator.&nbsp; And all
-that I intend to do is to gather, from his own
-&ldquo;Observations,&rdquo; the evidence which they afford of his
-character and competency.</p>
-<p>As Mr. Perowne is a clergyman who claims the attribute of
-&ldquo;reverence,&rdquo; and who has solemnly declared that he
-was &ldquo;inwardly moved by the Holy Ghost to take upon him this
-office,&rdquo; and &ldquo;that he will maintain and set forward
-quietness, peace, and love <i>among all Christian
-people</i>,&rdquo; it was not unreasonable to expect that his
-&ldquo;Observations&rdquo; would be in accordance with his vows
-and professions.&nbsp; I think, however, that <a
-name="page13"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 13</span>I do not
-misrepresent his publication when I say that none of the fruits
-of that Spirit, with which he professes to be &ldquo;inwardly
-moved,&rdquo; are to be found in it&mdash;that it is abundantly
-fruitful in rude personalities, in wanton attacks on motives, in
-wilful distortions of the plainest language, in pompous
-ignorance, and in supercilious pretensions&mdash;and that all
-these qualities are left unredeemed even by the occasional
-introduction of better sentiments and feelings.&nbsp; Sometimes a
-man will use hard words, or manifest intemperate passions, under
-the influence of strongly exciting circumstances.&nbsp; But here
-a calm and dark spirit of evil reigns throughout the whole of a
-pamphlet, which was written in the retirement of his study, and
-which he had no occasion to write at all.&nbsp; This, however, is
-mere description, and we must analyze the
-&ldquo;Observations&rdquo; themselves in order to ascertain
-whether it be truth.</p>
-<p>One prominent feature of the pamphlet is its utter
-dissimilarity, not only to the Christian spirit which pervades
-Mr. Geary&rsquo;s Defence, but also to the speeches delivered at
-the Public Meeting, when the Infant School Society was
-formed.&nbsp; In them there is nothing ferocious, or insulting to
-any class of the community; but, on the other hand, an expression
-of respectful regret that certain obstacles prevented, in the
-opinion of the speakers, the formation of a more comprehensive
-society, which some of them would certainly have preferred.&nbsp;
-Whether, in the course of Mr. P&rsquo;s. pamphlet, he alludes
-personally to any of those speakers, I will not take upon myself
-to determine.&nbsp; But he vehemently denounces all Churchmen,
-who would unite with Dissenters in an Infant School, as
-&ldquo;traitors to the church,&rdquo; and as &ldquo;encouragers
-of dissimulation,&rdquo; &ldquo;who help forward the ruin of the
-<a name="page14"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 14</span>church by
-echoing the sentiments of liberalism.&rdquo;&nbsp; Not being
-acquainted with the gradations in the ecclesiastical hierarchy, I
-am unable to decide what rank he may hold among his brethren, or
-what authority he may derive from the rectory of &ldquo;St.
-John&rsquo;s.&rdquo;&nbsp; But he evidently speaks of himself,
-and addresses himself to clergymen and others oraculously, as if
-he were the Polyphemus of a party.&nbsp; &ldquo;I tell
-them,&rdquo; says he, &ldquo;<i>in the name</i> of every true son
-of the church.&rdquo;&nbsp; &ldquo;I assure them that no true son
-of the church would listen to them.&rdquo;&nbsp; &ldquo;<span
-class="smcap">We</span> say to every churchman, profit by the
-lesson here taught you.&rdquo;&nbsp; These, however, may be
-merely &ldquo;great swelling words of vanity,&rdquo; and I may be
-perfectly right in the conjecture that his brethren disown alike
-his authority and his spirit, and are disposed to &ldquo;leave
-him alone with his glory.&rdquo;</p>
-<p>A considerable portion of Mr. Perowne&rsquo;s pamphlet,
-consists of vituperations against the Dissenters.&nbsp; Dissent,
-it is well known, is a relative term, and is applied to such
-persons, in this country, as profess to derive their doctrines
-and forms of church government from the Scriptures, rather than
-from the liturgy and canons of the Church of England.&nbsp; They
-believe that the Scriptures are sufficient to direct them in
-these matters; and they believe that their allegiance to Jesus
-Christ requires them to submit to his supreme dominion as the
-only head of the church, and to reject the ecclesiastical
-authority which either Protestants or Papists may claim, but
-which Christ alone possesses.&nbsp; On this great principle they
-dissent from all establishments of religion by the civil power;
-and they desire to stand quite independent of state endowments,
-and of state interference in their spiritual concerns, so as to
-constitute a &ldquo;kingdom which is not of this
-world.&rdquo;&nbsp; <a name="page15"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
-15</span>Dissent therefore can only be found in those countries
-where some particular form of religion is established by the
-civil power.&nbsp; There is no dissent in America, because there
-is no Established Church there.&nbsp; The government of that
-country protects all denominations of Christians in the
-profession of their religion, but it does not elevate one
-denomination above the rest, nor does it prescribe to any
-denomination what forms of prayer they shall adopt, what
-doctrines they shall believe, or what bishops or pastors they
-shall choose.&nbsp; Viewing the term, dissent, chronologically,
-there are in this country two classes of Dissenters.&nbsp; The
-first class includes the Church of England, which some time ago
-dissented from the Church of Rome, which had been, for several
-centuries established in this country; and the other class is
-composed of those who have gone still farther from the Church of
-Rome, and have dissented from the Church of England.&nbsp; In
-Scotland, the Established Church is not Episcopalian, as in this
-country, but Presbyterian; so that when Dr. Chalmers, who belongs
-to the Established Church in Scotland, comes into England, he is
-a Dissenter during his stay, and is not permitted to preach in
-any of the pulpits of the church; and if Mr. Perowne were to
-cross the Tweed, he would instantly become a Dissenter, and might
-find it necessary to defend himself against the attacks of the
-&ldquo;Apostolical Establishment&rdquo; <a
-name="citation15"></a><a href="#footnote15"
-class="citation">[15]</a> of that country, which binds all her
-sons &ldquo;to root out and destroy all prelacy.&rdquo;&nbsp;
-Using <a name="page16"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 16</span>the
-term dissent in its general acceptation, Mr. Perowne says,
-&ldquo;the only doctrine in which all Dissenters agree is that of
-dissenting from the church.&rdquo;&nbsp; Now whether
-&ldquo;dissenting from the church&rdquo; be a
-&ldquo;doctrine&rdquo; or a practice is not of much consequence,
-nor is it a very wonderful discovery, that all Dissenters should
-agree to dissent.&nbsp; But Mr. Perowne is not aware that he has
-brought the same argument against dissent, that the Roman
-Catholics bring against Protestantism; and one argument is worth
-just as much as the other, which is just nothing at all.&nbsp;
-The &ldquo;Rector of St. John&rsquo;s Maddermarket,&rdquo; when
-that church belonged to the Papists, might have said to the
-Protestants, &ldquo;I should like to know what doctrines
-<i>Protestantism</i> considers essential.&nbsp; The only doctrine
-in which all <i>Protestants</i> agree, is that of
-<i>protesting</i> against the church.&nbsp; That is
-&lsquo;essential&rsquo; to their religion, and that
-alone.&rdquo;&nbsp; These, the reader will perceive, are
-precisely Mr. Perowne&rsquo;s words, if the term dissent be
-substituted for Protestant; and though he has endeavoured to make
-many of them look impressive, by printing them in italics, I
-consider them too puerile to admit of any serious refutation.</p>
-<p>But the object of Mr. Perowne, in the paragraph from which I
-have quoted, is to shew that, while Dissenters agree in practical
-dissent, they widely differ in doctrine.&nbsp; &ldquo;In other
-respects, says he, a man may be a Socinian, an Arian, a Quaker,
-an Anabaptist, an Irvingite, a Calvanist, an Armenian, <a
-name="citation16"></a><a href="#footnote16"
-class="citation">[16]</a> or a Baxterian.&nbsp; <a
-name="page17"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 17</span>He may hold
-any notions he pleases.&nbsp; If he do but dissent, he has the
-essential doctrine of their religion.&rdquo;&nbsp; Now how blind
-a man must be, not to perceive that all this language is as much
-against Mr. Perowne and his church, as it is against Dissenters,
-and that he himself falls into the very ditch into which he
-attempts to throw dissent.&nbsp; Are there not doctrines
-believed, and even taught in the Church of England, &ldquo;wide
-as the poles asunder?&rdquo;&nbsp; Are there not some heresies
-within her pale from which Dissenters are happily free?&nbsp; May
-not <i>millenarianism</i> be found in some of her clergy, as well
-as among the Irvingites?&nbsp; Does not Mr. Perowne himself
-sanction persons who leave their own parish churches to attend at
-&ldquo;St. John&rsquo;s Maddermarket,&rdquo; because he preaches
-a gospel which is opposed to the preaching of the other
-clergy?&nbsp; Is not this acting on one of the leading principles
-of dissent, which asserts the right of Christians to choose their
-own ministers?&nbsp; And if these things be so&mdash;and I could
-enumerate perhaps quite as many varieties of doctrine in the
-church as Mr. P. can find out of it&mdash;why should he
-&ldquo;cast the first stone&rdquo; at Dissenters, for the very
-sin of which he himself is guilty? and why should he attempt to
-&ldquo;pull out the mote from his brother&rsquo;s eye, when there
-is a beam in his own?&rdquo;</p>
-<p>Mr. Perowne speaks very contemptuously of all professors of
-religion who are not members of his own community; and especially
-of Roman Catholics and Socinians.&nbsp; The doctrines, which are
-held by both these denominations, appear to me to be subversive,
-in different ways, of the gospel of Christ.&nbsp; They probably
-consider me to be in equal error; and though we cannot have
-communion together in religious worship, I think that I should be
-acting an unchristian <a name="page18"></a><span
-class="pagenum">p. 18</span>part, were I to refuse to unite with
-them in any works of benevolence, in which we can unite without
-the compromise of religious principle.&nbsp; Mr. P&rsquo;s.
-object in referring to these persons is to bring our Infant
-School System into disrepute; and therefore we must examine his
-statements.&nbsp; &ldquo;If I am rightly informed,&rdquo; says
-he, &ldquo;the school in Crook&rsquo;s Place and that in St.
-Miles&rsquo; have Socinians among the most regular and active
-superintendents.&rdquo;&nbsp; I am not much acquainted with the
-school in Crook&rsquo;s Place; but I once visited it, for the
-purpose of examining the children on Scripture subjects; and,
-with the exception of a little girl, who said that &ldquo;the
-High Priest of the church was the king of England,&rdquo; they
-gave very satisfactory answers to my questions relative to the
-great doctrines of redemption; so that heterodoxy was not
-perceptible there.&nbsp; With the school in St. Miles&rsquo; I am
-more intimately connected; having been accustomed to visit it
-monthly.&nbsp; There are Dissenters on the committee, but none of
-them are Socinians.&nbsp; There are also members of the
-Establishment on the committee, and in the office of treasurer
-and secretary; and, though I am not acquainted with their
-individual sentiments, yet I have no reason to suspect that any
-of them entertain Socinian doctrine&mdash;and I fully believe
-that Mr. Perowne&rsquo;s charge has not the slightest foundation
-in fact.</p>
-<p>But even if Socinians were &ldquo;among the most regular and
-active superintendents,&rdquo; with what consistency can they be
-objected to on that account by Mr. Perowne?&nbsp; &ldquo;If a man
-will but leave the Church of England,&rdquo; says he, &ldquo;or
-assist in pulling it down, he is <i>a Christian brother</i>, even
-though he denies the Lord who bought him, or bow before an
-idol.&rdquo;&nbsp; Now, to <a name="page19"></a><span
-class="pagenum">p. 19</span>say nothing of the grammar of this
-sentence, or of the &ldquo;false accusation&rdquo; which it
-involves, I would ask whether Mr. Perowne himself, as a minister
-of the Established Church, does not acknowledge both
-&ldquo;Papists and Socinians&rdquo; to be Christian
-brethren?&nbsp; Does he not recognise the validity of popish
-baptism, and acknowledge its regenerating qualities to be as
-effectual as his own?&nbsp; Would he not admit a Roman Catholic
-priest, who had recanted, to his pulpit without re-ordination,
-and thereby acknowledge that a popish bishop is able to
-communicate the Holy Ghost?&nbsp; But, without proceeding in
-these inquiries, relative to the Catholic who &ldquo;bow before
-an idol,&rdquo; let us notice the case of the Socinians, who
-&ldquo;deny the Lord that bought them.&rdquo;&nbsp; Has Mr.
-Perowne, who renounces all communion with them as a church, no
-communion with them individually?&nbsp; Most assuredly he has;
-and there is not a Socinian in the kingdom whom he would hesitate
-to receive and to acknowledge, under certain circumstances, as
-&ldquo;a Christian brother!&rdquo;&nbsp; He receives tithes and
-church rates from them; and thereby has communion with them in
-the support of the &ldquo;Apostolical Establishment.&rdquo;&nbsp;
-He admits Socinians to speak and vote amidst the &ldquo;peaceful
-and loving scenes&rdquo; which are witnessed at vestry meetings;
-and Mr. Perowne himself, being in the chair, would act upon a
-resolution which had been carried by a Socinian majority, and
-thereby permit Socinians to bear rule in the church.&nbsp; Were a
-Socinian to be seen kneeling at the altar of the church, Mr.
-Perowne would not dare to refuse him the bread and wine, if he
-were not &ldquo;an open and notorious evil liver.&rdquo;&nbsp;
-And when the Socinian, who dies in the very act of &ldquo;denying
-the Lord that bought him,&rdquo; is conveyed in a coffin to St.
-<a name="page20"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
-20</span>John&rsquo;s Maddermarket, Mr. Perowne clothes himself
-in white, and solemnly declares, &ldquo;I heard a voice from
-heaven saying unto me, Blessed are the dead which die in the
-Lord; even so saith the Spirit; for they rest from their
-labours.&rdquo;&nbsp; Mr. Perowne then calls this same Socinian
-his &ldquo;<i>dear brother</i>&rdquo;&mdash;he gives God
-&ldquo;hearty thanks that it hath pleased him to deliver this
-<i>brother</i> out of the miseries of this sinful
-world&rdquo;&mdash;he declares that &ldquo;it hath pleased
-Almighty God of his great mercy <i>to take unto himself the soul
-of our dear brother</i> here departed&rdquo;&mdash;he prays that,
-when he himself dies, and that when those around him &ldquo;shall
-depart this life, they <i>may rest in Christ as our hope is this
-our brother doth</i>&rdquo;&mdash;and then he completes and
-crowns the whole by declaring, &ldquo;We therefore commit his
-body to the ground; earth to earth; ashes to ashes; dust to dust;
-<span class="smcap">in sure and certain hope of the resurrection
-to eternal life</span>, <span class="smcap">through our Lord
-Jesus Christ</span>!&rdquo;&nbsp; And yet this very Mr. Perowne
-rails against the orthodox Dissenters for associating with
-Socinians, and solemnly anathematizes all Bible Societies and
-Infant Schools which permit Socinians to become members!&nbsp;
-&ldquo;Ye blind guides, which strain at a gnat, and swallow a
-camel!&rdquo;</p>
-<p>Were the Dissenters of this country to abstain from all
-interference in &ldquo;contested elections,&rdquo; and to leave
-both church and state to the care of others, such a course of
-proceeding might be very agreeable to Mr. Perowne, but I question
-whether it would be serviceable to civil and religious
-liberty.&nbsp; If, however, there be any guilt in this matter, it
-does not lie exclusively at the door of nonconformist
-&ldquo;teachers and members,&rdquo; and when Mr. P. offers to
-feel their pulse, and to write out prescriptions for them, he
-ought to remember <a name="page21"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
-21</span>the proverb, &ldquo;Physician heal thyself.&rdquo;&nbsp;
-Party politics have, I confess, no charms for me; and I very
-earnestly desire that all religious men who come in contact with
-them, whether Church-people or Dissenters, may so conduct
-themselves as to give no &ldquo;occasion to the enemies of God to
-blaspheme.&rdquo;</p>
-<p>Utterly forgetful of the strife which is often manifested at
-the &ldquo;vestry meetings&rdquo; of his own church, he ventures
-to attack our &ldquo;church meetings,&rdquo; at which, he says,
-&ldquo;peaceful and loving scenes sometimes take
-place.&rdquo;&nbsp; I dare say that if Mr. Perowne knew much of
-the history of &ldquo;church meetings,&rdquo; from those which
-were held in Corinth, during the apostolic times, down to our own
-days, he might tell of some in which peace and love were not very
-apparent.&nbsp; A thinking mind will perceive, however, that an
-ecclesiastical system may be good in itself, and even divine in
-its origin, as that at Corinth was, and yet it may be very
-imperfectly and improperly exhibited and administered by human
-beings.&nbsp; In such a case the fault is not in the system, but
-in the men.&nbsp; But whatever exceptions to peace and love may
-have occasionally appeared in our church meetings, I deny that
-Mr. Perowne&rsquo;s description is applicable to their general
-character.&nbsp; Our churches are formed on the principle that
-none but those who profess and practise the gospel of Christ are
-eligible for membership; and when any person of contrary
-character is discovered among us, he is excluded from the
-society, and, as a matter of course, falls into the
-Establishment.&nbsp; Taking them with all their imperfections, I
-believe not only that they are formed according to the apostolic
-model, but that they are among the best societies of men to be
-found in this sinful world&mdash;&ldquo;and no man shall stop me
-of <a name="page22"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 22</span>this
-boasting&rdquo; on their behalf.&nbsp; The church of which I am
-the pastor, was formed about sixteen years ago.&nbsp; It then
-contained thirteen members, and since then between three and four
-hundred have been added.&nbsp; Our church meetings are held
-monthly, for the purposes of devotion, of receiving additional
-members, and, occasionally, for the transaction of business,
-necessary to preserve the order and purity of the church.&nbsp; I
-do not, of course, expect that Mr. Perowne will believe my
-testimony on this subject, but I confidently appeal to the
-members of my church for evidence respecting the character of our
-meetings.&nbsp; Those &ldquo;hallowed influences,&rdquo; to which
-Mr. Perowne so contemptuously refers, have abundantly blessed
-them, nor do I expect to witness any scenes more truly
-&ldquo;peaceful and loving,&rdquo; till &ldquo;the general
-assembly and church of the first born&rdquo; appears in
-heaven.</p>
-<p>Another charge, which Mr. Perowne vehemently urges against
-Dissenters, is that they are aiming to destroy the church to
-which he belongs.&nbsp; &ldquo;The leading organs of
-dissent,&rdquo; says he, &ldquo;openly avow that nothing but the
-destruction of our church will satisfy them.&rdquo;&nbsp; I
-should think my own church destroyed, if it were to be overrun
-with infidelity or heresy, or if it were to be broken up and
-dispersed as a society of Christians.&nbsp; But, as Mr. Perowne
-is acquainted with &ldquo;the leading organs of dissent,&rdquo;
-he knows very well that Dissenters have no desire to see the
-Church of England brought into such a condition; and that all
-they wish is that the Established Church would support its own
-ministers, and pay its own expenses, without taxing other
-churches.&nbsp; And this, if I understand him rightly, he would
-call &ldquo;the destruction of the church.&rdquo;&nbsp; If so,
-all the dissenting churches are destroyed <a
-name="page23"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
-23</span>already.&nbsp; They have no connection with the state,
-as a controlling power&mdash;they choose their own
-ministers&mdash;and they pay their own expenses.&nbsp; They are
-therefore, according to Mr. Perowne, in a state of
-&ldquo;destruction&rdquo;&mdash;they are &ldquo;things which are
-not,&rdquo; and he may perhaps be aware that such things are
-sometimes employed &ldquo;to bring to nought things which
-are.&rdquo;</p>
-<p>But the wholesale charge which he brings against the
-Nonconformists is, that their system &ldquo;leads men to tear in
-pieces the body of Christ&mdash;to set at nought the powers that
-be&mdash;to speak evil of dignities&mdash;to imbibe and inculcate
-a disloyal, republican, revolutionary spirit.&rdquo;&nbsp; And he
-might have added, with equal truth, that it is productive of
-hydrophobia, that it brought the cholera into the country a short
-time ago, and that it turned all the members of our churches into
-cannibals.&nbsp; Charges such as he has brought, false and
-ridiculous as they are, have been incessantly repeated since the
-day when the Head of our churches was himself reviled by the
-priests, as &ldquo;a fellow perverting the nation, and forbidding
-to give tribute to C&aelig;sar.&rdquo;&nbsp; And they will no
-doubt continue to be repeated, till &ldquo;the accuser of the
-brethren is cast out.&rdquo;&nbsp; They are always freely used by
-those who find it more convenient to revile than to argue; and
-they are as useful to such persons, as the broken lantern was to
-the watchman, who always kept it by him to exhibit as a proof
-that his victims had been guilty of a riot.</p>
-<p>I now proceed to select some specimens of the manner in which
-he has perverted the language of my letter, and also some
-specimens of the literature and logic with which his
-&ldquo;Observations&rdquo; are interspersed.</p>
-<p>Alluding to the title of my letter he asks, &ldquo;What <a
-name="page24"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 24</span>right a
-Dissenter has to remonstrate with the members of the church, on
-any steps they think proper to take <i>with regard to the
-education of the children belonging to their own
-communion</i>?&rdquo;&nbsp; The proper answer to this question
-is, that I had no right at all to remonstrate on such a
-subject.&nbsp; But what will the reader think, when I tell him
-that <i>I never did remonstrate on such a subject</i>, and that
-Mr. Perowne&rsquo;s apparent object in giving such a form to his
-question is to excite a prejudice against my Letter at the very
-beginning of his &ldquo;Observations.&rdquo;&nbsp; He knows that
-the Infant Schools, which the members of the Establishment
-projected, were <i>not</i> for &ldquo;the education of children
-belonging to their own communion,&rdquo; but for &ldquo;the
-children of persons of all denominations.&rdquo;&nbsp; And he
-knows that my remonstrance was directed against those who wished
-to make the members of one church the Instructors of Infants, to
-the exclusion of the members of all other churches.&nbsp; The
-artifice which he has adopted may have answered the purpose which
-he had in view, but it is not the result of an upright and
-honourable mind, and it manifests much more of the subtilty of
-the serpent than of the harmlessness of the dove.</p>
-<p>Mr. Perowne, having remarked that I had advised the
-Establishment to act on &ldquo;the principles on which the Infant
-Schools in Norwich have hitherto been conducted,&rdquo; asks,
-&ldquo;What are those principles?&rdquo;&nbsp; And professing to
-gather his reply from my Letter, he answers, &ldquo;That the
-Dissenters <i>should have the chief management of
-them</i>,&rdquo; while &ldquo;the members of the Established
-Church, afford help in directing the concerns, and in defraying
-the expenses.&rdquo;&nbsp; Such &ldquo;counsel,&rdquo; I admit,
-is as impertinent as to deny to <a name="page25"></a><span
-class="pagenum">p. 25</span>Churchmen the right &ldquo;to educate
-the children belonging to their own communion.&rdquo;&nbsp; But
-<i>I never gave such counsel</i>; and Mr. Perowne&rsquo;s
-interpretation of my language is both unjust and absurd.&nbsp;
-The statement in my letter is this.&nbsp; The committees of the
-Infant Schools &ldquo;are composed of members of the
-Establishment and of other Christian churches&rdquo;&mdash;and,
-as it respects the school in St. Miles&rsquo;, &ldquo;repeated
-efforts have been made to induce members of the Established
-Church to afford greater help in directing its concerns, as well
-as in defraying its expenses.&rdquo;&nbsp; Now mark the injustice
-of my commentator.&nbsp; In professing to quote my language, he
-leaves out the word &ldquo;greater,&rdquo; which is an important
-word in the sentence, and then he tells his readers that my
-counsel is &ldquo;that the Dissenters should have <i>the
-chief</i> management of the schools&rdquo; about to be
-instituted.&nbsp; And now mark his reasoning.&nbsp; The
-Dissenters have made repeated efforts to induce Churchmen
-&ldquo;to afford greater help in <i>directing</i> the
-schools;&rdquo; <i>therefore</i> Dissenters desire to have
-&ldquo;the <i>chief management</i> of them!&rdquo;&nbsp;
-Admirable logic!&nbsp; If &ldquo;a supposed second Solomon&rdquo;
-be needed in the schools of Dissent, no such prodigy is required
-in the Establishment.&nbsp; Her &ldquo;mountains have
-laboured,&rdquo; and her Solomon is born!</p>
-<p>The next specimen is of a similar character.&nbsp; I had said,
-in my Letter, that as the promoters of the public examination in
-St. Andrew&rsquo;s Hall had, in order to effect it,
-&ldquo;received assistance from their dissenting fellow citizens,
-as well as from others,&rdquo; our &ldquo;friendly
-proceedings&rdquo; would be &ldquo;used against ourselves,&rdquo;
-if they &ldquo;were to be rewarded by our utter exclusion from
-all future participation with Churchmen in the system of Infant
-Education.&rdquo;&nbsp; &ldquo;Brethren!&rdquo; exclaims <a
-name="page26"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 26</span>Mr. Perowne,
-&ldquo;Brethren! here you have a truth of the utmost importance,
-plainly told you from the pen of a Dissenter.&rdquo;&nbsp; And
-what is the truth that my dissenting pen has told?&nbsp; Why,
-that the conduct of the church, in excluding Dissenters, would be
-&ldquo;against&rdquo; those &ldquo;friendly proceedings&rdquo;
-which we had shewn towards the church.&nbsp; But because it would
-be <i>against our courtesy</i>, Mr. Perowne, in the might and
-majesty of his logic, jumps to the conclusion that it would be
-<i>against our nonconformity</i>!&nbsp; And then, having made
-this notable discovery, for which he certainly deserves a patent,
-he blows his &ldquo;penny trumpet,&rdquo; and summons the whole
-hierarchy to listen to his proclamation, that if the church will
-uniformly treat Dissenters as they have been treated in this
-business, the &ldquo;venerable Establishment&rdquo; is
-secure.&nbsp; &ldquo;Brethren! here you have a truth of the
-utmost importance!&rdquo;</p>
-<p>Mr. Perowne complains of the pain which I have produced in
-him, by what I have said &ldquo;about love and
-union.&rdquo;&nbsp; &ldquo;Such things,&rdquo; says he
-&ldquo;<i>painfully</i> remind us of the days of Charles the
-first.&rdquo;&nbsp; This Charles, it will be remembered, as the
-&ldquo;head of the church,&rdquo; in his days, and &ldquo;out of
-a like <i>pious care for the service of God</i>, as had his
-blessed father,&rdquo; published the &ldquo;Book of
-Sports,&rdquo; which authorized the people to amuse themselves
-with all sorts of games, &amp;c. on the Lord&rsquo;s day, and
-which the clergy read to their congregations after divine
-service.&nbsp; I have no wish, however, to mention &ldquo;Charles
-the first&rdquo; to any man of acute sensibility, and I was not
-aware that my recommendation of &ldquo;love and union&rdquo;
-would remind any one of that ill-fated monarch.&nbsp; Mr.
-Perowne&rsquo;s peculiar sensibility on this subject, and the
-remarkable fact that, in writing a pamphlet on Infant Schools, he
-<a name="page27"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 27</span>should
-twice refer to &ldquo;Charles the first,&rdquo; and &ldquo;our
-martyred Charles,&rdquo; is calculated to excite strange
-suspicions in the mind of a believer in the doctrine of
-metempsychosis.&nbsp; Why should <i>Mr. Perowne</i> feel pain
-when he is reminded of &ldquo;Charles the first?&rdquo; or why
-should &ldquo;love and union&rdquo; remind him of &ldquo;our
-martyred Charles&rdquo; at all, except on the principle of the
-Bramins, that &ldquo;we should never kill a flea, lest we inflict
-<i>pain</i> on the soul of some of our ancestors.&rdquo;&nbsp; It
-is true that Charles frequently boasted that he was &ldquo;a true
-son of the church.&rdquo;&nbsp; It is true that Charles
-entertained the very same feelings against Puritans, as Mr.
-Perowne does against Dissenters.&nbsp; It is true that some of
-the sentiments in Mr. P&rsquo;s. pamphlet are as precisely
-<i>Ic&ocirc;n Basilik&egrave;</i> as if they had been dictated by
-the soul of the headless monarch.&nbsp; It is true, as Bishop
-Burnet says, that Charles the first &ldquo;loved high and rough
-measures, but had neither skill to conduct them, nor height of
-genius to manage them.&nbsp; <i>He hated all that offered prudent
-and moderate counsels</i>; and, even when it was necessary to
-follow such advices, he hated those that gave them.&rdquo;&nbsp;
-It is true&mdash;but, to use Mr. Perowne&rsquo;s language,
-&ldquo;I forbear to finish a picture so painful to
-contemplate,&rdquo; and shall only add, that David Hume, in his
-history of England, states that the last word the king said, was,
-&ldquo;<span class="smcap">Remember</span>&rdquo;&mdash;and that
-&ldquo;<i>great mysteries</i> were supposed to be concealed under
-that expression.&rdquo;</p>
-<p>Mr. P. appeals to the Collect which I quoted, and which he
-says I have &ldquo;mutilated,&rdquo; as affording evidence that
-&ldquo;exclusive Churchmen, are consistent Churchmen;&rdquo;
-thereby leading us to infer that the church teaches her members
-to shew their consistency by their exclusiveness, even in the
-exercise of prayer, and <a name="page28"></a><span
-class="pagenum">p. 28</span>in the presence of Deity!&nbsp;
-Supposing, however, that the Collect afforded evidence of the
-charity of the church, rather than of her bigotry, I advised her
-members to act in accordance with its spirit, and thereby to
-&ldquo;add practice to profession and to prayer.&rdquo;&nbsp;
-This advice, Mr. P. intimates, is, on my part, an assumption of
-<i>infallibility</i>&mdash;as if none but a Papist could
-consistently enjoin practical piety, or admonish his hearers to
-shew their faith by their works.&nbsp; &ldquo;Is Mr. A.
-infallible?&rdquo; my inquisitor asks, and immediately adds,
-&ldquo;The Pope of Rome could not have gone further!&rdquo;&nbsp;
-I have not heard much of the Pope lately, but in former times he
-was a tolerably far traveller, especially when he was in the
-pursuit of Dissenting heretics.&nbsp; But as Mr. P. may perhaps
-claim an acquaintance, as well as a relationship with his
-Holiness, I shall not dispute the matter, but humbly submit to
-the decision, that the Pope of Rome never went further than I
-have gone in my &ldquo;Letter.&rdquo;</p>
-<p>The next paragraph, in Mr. P&rsquo;s.
-&ldquo;Observations,&rdquo; is chiefly historical, and he has
-contrived to give us &ldquo;a bird&rsquo;s eye view&rdquo; of the
-state of religion in this country, from the days of &ldquo;our
-martyred <a name="citation28"></a><a href="#footnote28"
-class="citation">[28]</a> Charles&rdquo; downwards.&nbsp; It thus
-begins.&nbsp; &ldquo;It is said that our church ought to set an
-example of meekness and conciliation.&nbsp; I <span
-class="GutSmall">SAY</span> she has done so to an extent
-unparalleled in modern times.&rdquo;&nbsp; In proof of this
-oracular declaration, he shews in the first place, what the
-church <i>has</i> done.&nbsp; &ldquo;And what has been her
-conduct while attacked by the army of the aliens?&rdquo;&nbsp; To
-this question, I will first <a name="page29"></a><span
-class="pagenum">p. 29</span>give my own answer, and then Mr.
-Perowne&rsquo;s.&nbsp; My own answer is this.&nbsp; She
-&ldquo;excommunicated, ipso facto,&rdquo; whosoever affirmed
-&ldquo;that the Church of England, by law established under the
-King&rsquo;s Majesty, is not a true and an apostolical
-church.&rdquo;&nbsp; She erected a spiritual court, in which her
-ministers sat in judgment on men&rsquo;s consciences.&nbsp; She
-maintained a star chamber, where she slit men&rsquo;s noses, and
-cut off their ears.&nbsp; She passed corporation and test acts;
-and an act of uniformity, by which two thousand godly ministers
-were driven from her pulpits, and in some cases persecuted unto
-death by her virulence.&nbsp; Mr. Perowne&rsquo;s account of her
-conduct amidst all these transactions is this.&nbsp;
-&ldquo;<i>Confiding in her God</i>, <i>she has continued her
-labour of love</i>, <i>scarcely raising her hand to ward off the
-blows that have been aimed at her</i>!&rdquo;&nbsp; But her
-historian goes on to inform us that her acts of &ldquo;meekness
-and conciliation,&rdquo; in former days, are far surpassed by her
-present conduct; for this is what I suppose Mr. P. intended to
-mean when he said, &ldquo;She has done so to an extent
-<i>unparalleled in modern times</i>.&rdquo;&nbsp; Whatever his
-ambiguity may mean, he certainly endeavours to represent the
-church as greatly increasing in &ldquo;meekness and
-conciliation;&rdquo; for now, when she sees the wicked Dissenters
-attempting to assassinate her, she does not even &ldquo;lift her
-hand&rdquo; as she did formerly; but, like a true member of
-&ldquo;the Peace Society,&rdquo; she merely &ldquo;withdraws from
-such&rdquo; persons; and she thus withdraws, says her historian,
-&ldquo;not in a spirit of revenge and bitterness, but in the
-spirit of Him who prayed for his enemies!&rdquo;&nbsp; I shall
-refrain from commenting on this concluding declaration, any
-farther than to ask, whether the remotest comparison between the
-spirit breathed throughout <a name="page30"></a><span
-class="pagenum">p. 30</span>Mr. Perowne&rsquo;s pamphlet, and the
-dying prayer of the Redeemer, is not an insult to the &ldquo;meek
-and lowly&rdquo; Jesus.</p>
-<p>We now proceed to what may be appropriately called &ldquo;the
-patronage paragraph.&rdquo;&nbsp; It was occasioned by the
-following sentences in my Letter, &ldquo;addressed to the members
-of the Established Church.&rdquo;&nbsp; &ldquo;I know well that
-such an exclusive system is not the desire of you all.&nbsp;
-There are some among you who wish to see the Church of England
-&lsquo;national&rsquo; in her feelings and in her philanthropy,
-as well as in her name, and who would be glad to co-operate with
-other Christians in educating and in evangelizing the people; but
-who at the same time deem it desirable, on the whole, to submit
-to other parties in the church, whose patronage and support are
-valued.&rdquo;&nbsp; &ldquo;This passage,&rdquo; says Mr.
-Perowne, &ldquo;I consider in itself <i>a sufficient reason</i>
-for my publishing <i>to the world</i> my own views and feelings
-on the subject in question.&nbsp; The parties alluded to <i>must
-be clergymen</i>.&rdquo;&nbsp; Why must they be clergymen?&nbsp;
-Merely because I had used the words &ldquo;patronage and
-support.&rdquo;&nbsp; I used the words in their general
-acceptation, just as any person, in &ldquo;pretended holy
-orders&rdquo; would use them, little thinking of the
-ecclesiastical meaning which &ldquo;a real reverend&rdquo; might
-put upon them.&nbsp; I knew that if Dissenters were excluded from
-the committee of Infant Schools, such a proceeding would obtain
-for the schools the &ldquo;patronage and support&rdquo; of such
-persons in the church as would unite only with Episcopalians; and
-as some of those persons have influence and property wherewith to
-help the schools, I supposed that such &ldquo;patronage and
-support&rdquo; would be &ldquo;valued.&rdquo;&nbsp; But my words
-happened to be read by <a name="page31"></a><span
-class="pagenum">p. 31</span>a man who understands by
-&ldquo;patronage and support&rdquo; the means of obtaining a
-better <i>living</i> than &ldquo;Saint John&rsquo;s
-Maddermarket.&rdquo;&nbsp; And, with this idea in his mind, he
-begins to reason on the subject with a sagacity all his
-own.&nbsp; &ldquo;The parties alluded to,&rdquo; says he,
-&ldquo;must be clergymen.&rdquo;&nbsp; And his argument in proof
-is this&mdash;&ldquo;Patronage&rdquo; is no temptation to
-laymen.&nbsp; They therefore never act dishonestly to gain
-it.&nbsp; It never deters them &ldquo;from following out the
-convictions of their own minds.&rdquo;&nbsp; None but clergymen
-can be guilty of this.&nbsp; Now I, &ldquo;the Rev. John
-Perowne,&rdquo; am a clergyman&mdash;and, referring perhaps to
-the principle that &ldquo;blessings brighten as they take their
-flight,&rdquo; he adds, &ldquo;my character is of some value to
-me&rdquo;&mdash;and then, wishing to be thought as pure as
-C&aelig;sar&rsquo;s wife, he declares, &ldquo;I cannot allow
-myself to be even suspected.&rdquo;&nbsp; No, indeed.&nbsp; Were
-a patron to become suspicious, it might prevent the desired
-&ldquo;patronage&rdquo; from being bestowed.&nbsp; And should any
-&ldquo;exclusive Churchman&rdquo; ever offer this &ldquo;senior
-wrangler&rdquo; a better living than he now possesses, we shall
-all see the triumph of principle, and the &ldquo;value&rdquo; of
-&ldquo;character,&rdquo; displayed, by his declining it.&nbsp; He
-will say, &ldquo;Nolo Episcopari&rdquo; in the presence of a
-mitre&mdash;whenever it is offered to him.</p>
-<p>But to proceed with this &ldquo;patronage
-paragraph.&rdquo;&nbsp; I had said, in my Letter, &ldquo;I know
-well, that such an exclusive system is not the desire of you
-all.&rdquo;&nbsp; Now this &ldquo;exclusive system&rdquo;
-<i>is</i> the desire of Mr. Perowne, and he has put himself
-forward as its great champion.&nbsp; He therefore concludes that,
-as I have described a class of persons whose views are directly
-opposed to his, I must have meant himself!&nbsp; His argument
-is&mdash;Mr. A. says that some persons do not approve of this <a
-name="page32"></a><span class="pagenum">p.
-32</span>&ldquo;exclusive system.&rdquo;&nbsp; I do approve of
-it.&nbsp; Therefore he refers to me!&nbsp; Q.E.D.&nbsp; Whether
-such syllogisms come from Oxford or from Cambridge, I am unable
-to determine, as I know not at which of the Universities Mr.
-Perowne was educated, and as Dissenters are
-&ldquo;excluded&rdquo; from them both.</p>
-<p>In the course of this immortal paragraph, two things yet
-remain to be briefly noticed.&nbsp; First, he charges me with
-uttering a direct falsehood, and says that he will not believe my
-statements unless they are &ldquo;authenticated by at least two
-witnesses.&rdquo;&nbsp; I have already intimated that I shall not
-trouble myself to gain his assent to any statements I have
-made.&nbsp; He had before him the speeches made at the public
-meeting; he had before him Mr. Geary&rsquo;s pamphlet; in both of
-which the statements I have made are reiterated; and yet, though
-he had before him the testimony of these three or four witnesses,
-he says he will not believe, till he has &ldquo;at least two
-witnesses.&rdquo;&nbsp; Let him disbelieve it then.&nbsp; And,
-secondly, in his note to the paragraph, he charges some of the
-clergy with consenting to &ldquo;unite with Dissenters in the
-Bible Society,&rdquo; &ldquo;<i>on condition</i>&rdquo; that a
-Dissenter should pay their subscriptions.&nbsp; I hope it is
-distinctly understood that, in these pages, I make no attack upon
-the clergy, and that I have to do with Mr. Perowne <i>only</i>;
-yet, though the clergy do not need me as their defender, I am
-bound to declare that, having associated with several of them in
-the Bible Society for nearly twenty years, I believe that they
-joined it from true conviction, and not from such a base and
-paltry &ldquo;<i>condition</i>&rdquo; as that which Mr. Perowne
-alleges.&nbsp; He has, however, carefully abstained from
-mentioning names, and from advancing proofs, both of which <a
-name="page33"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 33</span>ought to have
-accompanied such a disreputable accusation of his brethren.</p>
-<p>The bishops, of whom he speaks in the next paragraph, were
-&ldquo;immured in a prison&rdquo; on a charge of high treason;
-and a bill, to exclude them from the House of Lords, passed both
-houses of parliament, and received the signature of &ldquo;our
-martyred Charles.&rdquo;&nbsp; And, if it was ever &ldquo;made
-unlawful for an Episcopalian to worship God according to the
-dictates of his own conscience,&rdquo; Mr. Perowne ought to know
-that this was done by parliamentary authority, and that the
-church might even now visit every Dissenter with pains and
-penalties, for not worshipping within her walls, were she not
-mercifully prevented by the Act of Toleration.</p>
-<p>One more paragraph yet remains.&nbsp; I had said in my Letter,
-that &ldquo;the essential doctrines and hallowed
-influences&rdquo; of religion &ldquo;ought to be far dearer to us
-all than any forms of ecclesiastical government.&nbsp; For the
-kingdom of God is not meat and drink; but righteousness, and
-peace, and joy in the Holy Ghost.&rdquo;&nbsp; This, he
-intimates, is equivalent to saying that &ldquo;forms of
-ecclesiastical government&rdquo; are &ldquo;<i>matters of little
-moment</i>.&rdquo;&nbsp; I did not say so.&nbsp; I said that
-doctrines and influences ought to be &ldquo;far dearer&rdquo; to
-us than such forms.&nbsp; Having, however, made me say that they
-are &ldquo;matters of little moment,&rdquo; he asks, why then do
-we separate from the church?&nbsp; I ask in reply, why does the
-church <i>impose</i> them? and why does he write a pamphlet
-against those who conscientiously refuse to comply with
-them?&nbsp; Let Mr. Perowne regenerate a child by baptism, and
-cross its forehead, if he pleases.&nbsp; Let him kneel at the
-table, around which Christ and his disciples sat, if he
-pleases.&nbsp; Let him call a Socinian <a name="page34"></a><span
-class="pagenum">p. 34</span>his &ldquo;dear brother,&rdquo; and
-bury him &ldquo;in sure and certain hope of the resurrection to
-eternal life,&rdquo; if he pleases.&nbsp; But let him not attempt
-to compel me to adopt such practices; let him not anathematize me
-for not conforming to a church which declares that it &ldquo;hath
-power to decree rites and ceremonies,&rdquo; when I believe that
-such &ldquo;power&rdquo; is possessed by Christ alone.&nbsp; I am
-not the separatist.&nbsp; I &ldquo;stand fast in the liberty with
-which Christ hath made me free.&rdquo;&nbsp; He is the schismatic
-who insists upon the practice of unscriptural and popish
-ceremonies, as the terms of communion with the church of
-Christ.&nbsp; &ldquo;The schism,&rdquo; says Archbishop Laud, in
-addressing Papists, and in justifying the church of England in
-her dissent from the church of Rome, &ldquo;The schism is theirs
-whose the cause of it is; and he makes the separation who gives
-the first cause of it, <i>not he that makes an actual separation
-upon a just cause preceding</i>.&rdquo;&nbsp; Let Mr. Perowne
-talk no more about separation, but remember that &ldquo;those who
-live in a house of glass should never throw stones.&rdquo;</p>
-<p>Mr. Perowne denounces the application which I have made of the
-passage of Scripture, which I quoted for the purpose of
-illustration.&nbsp; &ldquo;I did not before know,&rdquo; says he,
-&ldquo;that &lsquo;forms of ecclesiastical government,&rsquo; and
-&lsquo;meat and drink&rsquo; were synonimous terms.&rdquo;&nbsp;
-And what of that?&nbsp; There are many things which Mr. Perowne
-does not know.&nbsp; He does not know, for instance, how to spell
-<i>synonymous</i>, and until he has learned that, I shall not
-undertake to instruct him in higher matters.</p>
-<p>Several of the extracts which I have made, from the
-observations in this wretched pamphlet, place the writer of them
-in a most unfortunate predicament.&nbsp; <a
-name="page35"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 35</span>He either
-believes that his interpretations of my language are the true
-meaning, or he does not so believe.&nbsp; In the former case, his
-&ldquo;Observations&rdquo; manifest a want of sense; in the
-latter case, a want of honesty.&nbsp; It is impossible to go
-through his pamphlet without lamenting over the condition of a
-church which is compelled to submit to such incompetent or
-unprincipled instructors.&nbsp; What must be the follies or
-fanaticism of disciples who are taught to explain passages of
-Scripture on the principles on which &ldquo;this true son of the
-church&rdquo; has explained my Letter.&nbsp; This, however, is a
-subject on which we are not left to mere conjecture.&nbsp; In the
-volume which contains some of the &ldquo;Sermons&rdquo; with
-which Mr. Perowne has edified his flock, he teaches that Jesus
-Christ is shortly coming in person to reign in
-Jerusalem&mdash;that the saints will be raised from the dead, at
-least a thousand years before the general resurrection, for the
-purpose of reigning together with Christ&mdash;that Jerusalem
-will be to them &ldquo;what Windsor castle is to our king and his
-family&rdquo;&mdash;and that they will have &ldquo;various
-enjoyments through the medium of the senses,&rdquo; &ldquo;meat
-and drink&rdquo; included.&nbsp; He also declares, &ldquo;I have
-said nothing of the new division of the Holy land, of the
-rebuilding of the Temple, or of the re-institution of the Temple
-service; <span class="GutSmall">THOUGH ALL THIS WILL CERTAINLY
-TAKE PLACE</span>!!&rdquo;&nbsp; There now.&nbsp; Let any
-Irvingite or Swedenborgian beat that if he can.&nbsp; And let all
-Dissenters take joyfully the abuse which Mr. Perowne has heaped
-upon them, so long as the law tolerates them in leaving St.
-John&rsquo;s Maddermarket, in order to be instructed by those who
-&ldquo;understand what they say, and whereof they
-affirm.&rdquo;</p>
-<p><a name="page36"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 36</span>I have
-now done with &ldquo;The Reverend John Perowne, Rector of St.
-John&rsquo;s Maddermarket, Norwich.&rdquo;&nbsp; I have examined
-his reasonings.&nbsp; I have corrected his mistakes.&nbsp; I have
-exposed his misrepresentations.&nbsp; In so doing I have
-endeavoured to comply with the motto which he has inserted in his
-title page, and to &ldquo;<span class="GutSmall">MARK</span> them
-which cause divisions and offences;&rdquo; and I now retire from
-the study of his &ldquo;Observations,&rdquo; deeply impressed
-with the conviction, that fallen indeed must that cause be, which
-either needs, or accepts such a defender.</p>
-
-<div class="gapspace">&nbsp;</div>
-<p style="text-align: center"><span class="GutSmall">THE
-END.</span></p>
-
-<div class="gapspace">&nbsp;</div>
-<p style="text-align: center"><span
-class="GutSmall">Norwich:</span><br />
-<span class="GutSmall">PRINTED BY JOSIAH FLETCHER, UPPER
-HAYMARKET.</span></p>
-<h2>FOOTNOTES.</h2>
-<p><a name="footnote15"></a><a href="#citation15"
-class="footnote">[15]</a>&nbsp; Mr. Perowne uses the expression,
-&ldquo;our <i>apostolical</i> establishment,&rdquo; as if there
-had been an <i>Established</i> Church in the days of the
-apostles.&nbsp; The establishment of religion by the state, did
-not take place till the reign of Constantine, which was three
-hundred years after Christ, and when the church had become
-grossly corrupted by &ldquo;the mystery of iniquity.&rdquo;&nbsp;
-It is still more erroneous to speak of &ldquo;<i>our</i>
-apostolical establishment,&rdquo; for the Protestant Church of
-England was not established till the time of Henry the
-Eighth.</p>
-<p><a name="footnote16"></a><a href="#citation16"
-class="footnote">[16]</a>&nbsp; A man who writes himself
-&ldquo;reverend,&rdquo; and who intermeddles with latin and
-logic, ought to be able to spell correctly.&nbsp;
-&ldquo;Calvanist&rdquo; and &ldquo;Armenian,&rdquo; are
-wrong.&nbsp; The former should be Calvinist, and the latter
-should be Arminian.&nbsp; I hope that the Infant School system,
-which Mr. Perowne patronises, will not be so
-&ldquo;exclusive&rdquo; as to exclude spelling from its
-literature.&nbsp; Let Mr. P. take advantage of this
-hint&mdash;for he learnedly remarks, &ldquo;<i>Licet vel</i> ab
-hoste doceri.&rdquo;</p>
-<p><a name="footnote28"></a><a href="#citation28"
-class="footnote">[28]</a>&nbsp; Mr. Warner, a clergyman of the
-Church of England, in his &ldquo;<i>Conformist&rsquo;s Plea for
-the Nonconformists</i>,&rdquo; observes &ldquo;It is <i>absurd to
-call him a martyr</i>, for there was too great a complication of
-causes which led to his execution, to ascribe it wholly or
-principally to religion.&nbsp; The vice which ruined him was
-insincerity; so that his enemies saw that they could not trust
-him to perform his insincere though liberal promises.&rdquo;</p>
-<pre>
-
-
-
-
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